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Muslims attack car and shop in Bradford, UK
A night in Cologne – Journeyman Pictures
Muslim crowd blocks Paris street
Dispatches – Undercover Mosque: The Return
Birmingham High School Hidden Filming
Multiculturalism: An Assessment
Dispatches – Undercover Mosque
Was Maajid Nawaz's "extremist" phone-in guest scripted?
Why Islam Leaks?
Leak FAQ
You are at:Home»Why Islam Leaks?
I write to you to issue a very serious warning.
The more I investigate, the more I realise how stupid we have been. We have basically opened the door, invited the wolf to come in, and expected the wolf to sit down politely and join us in pleasant conversation.
What no-one blindly promoting "multiculturism" seems to have thought to do is actually investigate what Islam is.
What does it stand for?
What are the teachings?
What is the history of it?
These questions apparently cannot be asked, on the grounds of appearing "insensitive" and "interfering with another culture". So now, instead of deeming our own philosophies untouchable - a bad enough idea - we have instead deemed someone else's philosophies untouchable - without even really understanding what those philosophies are. Not only have we cowtowed to a very dangerous ideology, we have actively encouraged it to blossom, and then cheered it into the highest positions in our society.
Once upon a time we knew. We knew that Islam was intrinsically an ideology of war - because we had been fighting off Islam for hundreds of years.
But instead of our society remembering important lessons from history and passing these down to the next generation, we have brainwashed our kids with nonsense about "political correctness". This was something invented only very recently, and as with any new invention is unlikely to withstand the test of time.
Fairy stories, on the other hand, have been around us for centuries - only we seem to have forgotten why they are there. We may have told our kids tales like "Little Red Riding Hood" and "The Three Little Pigs", but did we just think these were a good way to make our kids fall asleep - or did we remember to make our kids understand they were metaphors and incredibly important lessons for life?
The wolf is already in our house.
We have sleepwalked into an incredibly dangerous situation, through our apparently deliberate misunderstanding of what Islam is, and through our insistence on stupid, radical, untested and unobtainable ideals. A long list of ignorant Western politicians, delirious on the fever of political correctness, including David Cameron, Barack Obama and George Bush, have made the repeated false statement that "Islam is a religion of peace".
https://www.islamleaks.org/wp-content/uploads/paul_weston_on_islam3.mp4
The Quran does not agree.
In the Quran there are "at least 109 verses that speak of war with non-believers". The source of this statement is the website The Religion of Peace, which provides a list of those verses. But you should not trust me, or even that website. I would urge you to compare the listed verses with any online version of the Quran in English (e.g. quranful or clearquran).
Despite the mainstream press desperately coming up with every tenuous counter-argument imaginable, we see aggression in the name of Islam occurring across the globe on a daily basis. According to The Religion of Peace 2017 saw 15,834 people killed in 2,042 attacks in 61 countries - all in the name of Islam. The evidence that Islam is not a religion of peace is both written in black and white, and evidenced by the behaviour of its followers.
This is the crux of the problem with "multiculturism"; it works great until you get a culture which is really different from your own, down to challenging values you so took for granted that everyone shared, you never once considered someone else might not.
The negative outlook for Europe, and more specifically the UK, is compounded by the paralytic stranglehold of political correctness on our politicians, and compounded further by an increasing disconnect from evidence and objectivity amongst the mainstream media. Yet in my opinion the factor which is driving us to destruction the fastest is neither of these things; instead it is quite simply our inability to even consider the possibility that practitioners of Islam may be telling us lies.
In a number of instances, secret cameras have revealed a difference between what certain muslims were saying when non-muslims were present, and what they were saying behind closed doors, when they thought only other muslims could hear them. The contrast is stark. It seems that while in public there are friendly smiles, and the words are full of tolerance, in private the tone turns hatred and disrespect for "kuffar" (infidels, or non-believers) - even calling for their murder.
Every time an attrocity is committed in the name of Islam, our pathetic politicians run to try and find someone to reassure us that this "isn't Islam". The very obvious reluctance of any public figure in the Islamic world to step forward and condemn attrocities committed in the name of Islam ought to be enough; it is a silence that shouts far louder than words. But instead it seems our politicians want to be lied to. And so they desperately call on Islamic leaders to condemn the attack, and once they can secure the smallest hint of condemnation, they embrace it without question and with a sigh of relief stick their heads right back in the sand.
Honesty ranks very highly on the list of Western values. We are taught from an early age that it is wrong to deceive; we feel better about ourselves when we tell the truth, and a deep sense of guilt when we lie. The importance of honesty is so ingrained within our culture that we cannot fathom anyone would regard it differently. This is the crux of the problem with "multiculturism"; it works great until you get a culture which is really different from your own, down to challenging values you so took for granted that everyone shared, you never once considered someone else might not. When this happens it apparently blinds us; we cannot even see it, let alone begin to deal with it. And this why I regard it as being so dangerous.
He effectively suggested I should go and ask someone if they told lies.
Recently I suggested to a friend that certain muslim politicians in the UK may be practicing Taqiyya - talking as if they they have the interests of Britain at heart, but secretly acting to further the cause of Islam. "I am sure this is not the case," said my friend irritably. "If you want to learn about Islam, why don't you visit a mosque? I am sure the Imam would happily explain to you the details of his religion."
The fact he could deliver this statement with a straight face, and without a trace of irony, made me realise just how securely-fastened the blindfold.
The fact is, the majority of people in the UK are still not directly affected by Islam because they don't live near enough to it. It would seem those non-muslims living in the most concentrated muslim communities become the most vocal critics of it. Meanwhile citizens of essentially non-muslim areas hang on to their ideas of "multiculturism" and label complainers "racists".
If we have to wait for the majority of people in the UK to be personally affected by Islam before they will question their convictions then we are in trouble. By the time this happens it may already be too late.
This is the reason I decided to set up Islam Leaks. The aim is to try to gather as much undercover material as possible that can be used to determine just how wide the gap between the public face of Islam and its private persona. What is really being taught in our mosques? How do Muslims really view non-believers? How many of its members really want to fit into our society, and how many are just here to take what we have, and then take over? Why is it muslims actively try to prevent anyone filming near mosques? Aside from the fact they often have no right to do so, what exactly is it they are trying to hide?
https://www.islamleaks.org/wp-content/uploads/Lauren_Southern_London_Mosque.mp4
The more first hand evidence we can gather that "Taqiyya" is a real and dangerous, and the more muslim politicians and public figures we can catch doing it, the more we can convince people that Islam is not the benign force it claims to be.
As the name suggests Islam Leaks is a whistleblower site, enabling you to
upload film footage or other material which exposes what muslims are really saying about non-believers
supply tip-offs of things you've seen or heard in your community - or elsewhere
direct us to evidence we didn't know about
Where relevant, the information we gather will be consolidated and presented on this site.
Thank you for taking the time to learn about Islam Leaks.
-- Joe Green, July 2018
Gatestone Institute
Citizen Warrior
Citizen Footage
Mainstream Media Corruption
Taqiyya
© Islam Leaks 2018


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Review ArticleClinical Review
Mind-Body Medicine: State of the Science, Implications for Practice
John A. Astin, Shauna L. Shapiro, David M. Eisenberg and Kelly L. Forys
The Journal of the American Board of Family Practice March 2003, 16 (2) 131-147; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.16.2.131
John A. Astin
Shauna L. Shapiro
David M. Eisenberg
Kelly L. Forys
Background: Although emerging evidence during the past several decades suggests that psychosocial factors can directly influence both physiologic function and health outcomes, medicine had failed to move beyond the biomedical model, in part because of lack of exposure to the evidence base supporting the biopsychosocial model. The literature was reviewed to examine the efficacy of representative psychosocial-mind-body interventions, including relaxation, (cognitive) behavioral therapies, meditation, imagery, biofeedback, and hypnosis for several common clinical conditions.
Methods: An electronic search was undertaken of the MEDLINE, PsycLIT, and the Cochrane Library databases and a manual search of the reference sections of relevant articles for related clinical trials and reviews of the literature. Studies examining mind-body interventions for psychological disorders were excluded. Owing to space limitations, studies examining more body-based therapies, such as yoga and tai chi chuan, were also not included. Data were extracted from relevant systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and randomized controlled trials.
Results: Drawing principally from systematic reviews and meta-analyses, there is considerable evidence of efficacy for several mind-body therapies in the treatment of coronary artery disease (eg, cardiac rehabilitation), headaches, insomnia, incontinence, chronic low back pain, disease and treatment-related symptoms of cancer, and improving postsurgical outcomes. We found moderate evidence of efficacy for mind-body therapies in the areas of hypertension and arthritis. Additional research is required to clarify the relative efficacy of different mind-body therapies, factors (such as specific patient characteristics) that might predict more or less successful outcomes, and mechanisms of action. Research is also necessary to examine the cost offsets associated with mind-body therapies.
Conclusions: There is now considerable evidence that an array of mind-body therapies can be used as effective adjuncts to conventional medical treatment for a number of common clinical conditions.
Evidence emerging within the past several decades suggests that psychosocial factors from emotional states, such as depression, behavioral dispositions, such as hostility, and psychosocial stress can directly influence both physiologic function and health outcomes.1–4 Evidence from several converging lines of research, however, also suggests that despite seemingly widespread acknowledgment of and support for the importance of the biopsychosocial model,5–7 psychosocial factors continue to be overlooked or missed in many clinical encounters8–12 and are frequently underemphasized in medical education.13–15 Whereas the reasons underlying the failure of medicine to move beyond the biomedical model are no doubt complex (eg, overloaded curriculum, inadequate economic incentives), lack of exposure to the evidence base supporting the biopsychosocial model might be one such factor. Furthermore, while studies have shown that evidence of the effectiveness of a given therapy is frequently insufficient to change clinical practice,16 the generation, synthesis, and communication of research findings continue to be central tasks for evidence-based medicine.
The purpose, therefore, of the present review is to provide a general overview of the state of the science regarding the relative efficacy of an array of psychosocial-mind-body interventions. This article reviews the efficacy of mind-body therapies (MBTs) in the treatment of health-related problems other than mental illness or psychological difficulties. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) define MBTs as "interventions that use a variety of techniques designed to facilitate the mind's capacity to affect bodily function and symptoms." As summarized in Table 1, the prominent MBTs we examine include relaxation, meditation, imagery, hypnosis, and biofeedback.
Description of Mind-Body Therapies (MBTs).
Owing to space constraints, we have focused the review on several specific clinical areas. These areas were selected primarily because of their more extensive investigation in terms of MBTs. We do not address additional body-based approaches, such as yoga and tai chi chuan, nor do we address the research examining spiritual healing practices, such as prayer and distant healing.31 Finally, we do not review the literature of what might be termed body-mind medicine, eg, the use of exercise and massage to influence psychological function.
An electronic search of the MEDLINE, PsycLIT, and the Cochrane Library databases and a manual search of the reference sections of relevant articles was conducted. Search terms included specific MBTs (eg, relaxation therapy, biofeedback), more general terms such as "stress management," "cognitive-behavioral therapy," and the combination of these with specific health-related conditions (eg, "biofeedback and pain"). To further delimit the scope of our search, we selected systematic reviews of MBTs. When these reviews did not exist, we examined the available literature, focusing on randomized trials.
Although in theory systematic reviews reduce bias by objectively and systematically sorting out and then synthesizing results from available studies, such reviews are still prone to bias.32 We therefore examined the methodological quality of the meta-analyses as an aid to assessing the validity of their conclusions. We used the instrument developed by Oxman and Guyatt33 to assess quality. This scale contains nine items and rates reviews on a scale from 1 to 7 (higher scores reflecting better quality).
Description of Mind-Body Therapies
While we have characterized the various MBTs as somewhat discrete categories, there is, in fact, considerable crossover between them, eg, imagery is often included as part of meditation and relaxation; biofeedback often uses imagery and relaxation techniques. In addition, studies examining the health benefits of MBTs often combine modalities. For example, one frequently finds in the literature references to psychosocial interventions or stress management techniques that can include relaxation and biofeedback, as well as a cognitive-behavioral counseling component.
In Table 1, we have briefly described the more prominent MBTs.
Quality of Reviews
Data from 28 systematic reviews are summarized in Table 2. There was a mean quality rating of 4.5 (of 7.0).33 Eight reviews (29%) were judged to have major methodological flaws (scoring 3 or less). Fifty percent mentioned publication bias as a potential issue, and 18% assessed whether it was present (eg, funnel plot). Fifty-seven percent tested for heterogeneity, whereas 54% conducted sensitivity-subgroup analyses. There was a trend toward more recent reviews scoring higher on quality (P = .06) and higher quality reviews being less likely to conclude that the treatment was effective.
Summary of Systematic Reviews of Mind-Body Therapies (MBTs).
Overall, the quality of reviews compared favorably with other areas of medicine. For example, among reviews in asthma63 and analgesia,64 80% and 41%, respectively, were judged to have major methodological flaws based on the Oxman-Guyatt scale.
Of particular concern in meta-analyses is the issue of publication bias. Sutton et al65 in their analysis of 48 systematic reviews, found that 54% showed some evidence of publication bias. Additionally, while only in four cases did adjustment for publication bias change the statistical significance of the effect sizes, the failure to assess and control for publication bias could potentially invalidate the results of some meta-analyses. In our review of the five meta-analyses that assessed whether publication bias was present, none found any evidence for it. Whereas it is unclear the extent to which publication bias might have influenced the results and conclusions of the other reviews we examined, Sutton et al65 suggest that this number is probably fairly low (approximately 8% based on their analysis).
To summarize, most (71%) of the mind-body meta-analyses we examined were deemed to have either minimal or relatively minor methodological flaws, and their quality was comparable to, if not slightly better than, reviews in other areas of medicine. We therefore feel relatively confident that our overall conclusions and recommendations (which are based to a large extent on these meta-analyses) are defensible based on the current literature. That being said, because a number of reviews did contain major flaws, we suggest that future systematic reviews in the mind-body area attempt to incorporate reporting guidelines such as those discussed in the QUOROM statement.32
In addition, it is important to note that the ultimate validity of any findings derived from a systematic review must obviously be evaluated in the context of the quality of the trials themselves. Among the sample of reviews we rated, 61% included only randomized controlled trials. In those reviews in which nonrandomized trials were included, in no instance were significant differences observed when the outcomes in randomized (ie, higher quality) trials were compared with those in nonrandomized trials. In six reviews,38,48,49,55,58,61 it was not possible to determine whether trials referred to as controlled were randomized or not.
Finally, we note that a serious limitation in most mind-body studies reviewed is the absence of any placebo or sham control condition, because practitioners cannot typically be blinded to the treatment, and it is often not possible to blind patients to group assignment.
Pain-Related Disorders
Studies have examined the efficacy of multimodal MBTs in the treatment of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and fibromyalgia. These treatments typically include some combination of relaxation, biofeedback therapy, cognitive strategies (eg, for coping with pain), and education.
Narrative reviews suggest that the Arthritis Self-Management Program (ASMP)30 might be a particularly effective adjunct in the management of arthritis.66 This community-based program consists of education, cognitive restructuring, relaxation, and physical activity to reduce pain and distress and facilitate problem solving. An analysis of 501 patients (68% osteoarthritis, 15% rheumatoid arthritis, and 17% other forms of arthritis) found that reductions in pain were maintained 4 years after the intervention, and physician visits were reduced by 40%.67
A 1996 meta-analysis61 compared effect sizes of psychoeducational interventions, including the ASMP, with those found in randomized trials of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Overall, effect sizes appeared quite small for these MBTs (0.17 for pain, 0.03 for functional disability, 0.34 for tender joint count in rheumatoid arthritis). The authors note, however, that because most patients in these trials were already on NSAIDs, the relatively small effect sizes probably represent the additional benefit in addition to medication and might therefore be clinically relevant. There have been no randomized trials that directly compare MBTs with pharmacologic therapy.
A recent meta-analysis36 of 25 randomized trials of MBT found small but statistically significant effect sizes for pain (0.22), disability (0.36), and depression (0.17) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. At follow-up (averaging 8.5 months), effects remained significant for all outcomes except pain, whereas effects for tender joints became significant (effect size = 0.35).
Findings regarding the efficacy of MBTs in fibromyalgia are equivocal. A Cochrane review of 13 controlled trials (most of which were of poor methodologic quality) found limited evidence that MBTs are more effective than waiting-list or usual-care controls and inconclusive evidence that these therapies are more effective than physiotherapy or education-attention controls.47
Findings regarding the efficacy of relaxation therapy alone (eg, progressive muscle relaxation) for chronic and acute pain are inconclusive. Although a 1996 NIH consensus panel stated that there was "strong" evidence that relaxation techniques were effective in the treatment of chronic pain,68 a systematic review of nine randomized trials39 found positive treatment effects in only three studies and concluded that there is insufficient evidence for the use of relaxation alone in the treatment of chronic pain. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials examining relaxation for acute pain management60 similarly concluded that though there was "some weak evidence" to support the use of these therapies, the data were inconclusive, in part owing to methodological limitations.
A Cochrane review examined the efficacy of MBTs in chronic low back pain.62 Twenty randomized trials were found. Interventions were categorized as operant (using reinforcement to modify behavior), cognitive (modification of cognitive responses to pain), or respondent (modification of the physiologic response system, eg, progressive muscle relaxation). Although overall, only 25% of the studies received high methodological quality ratings, the authors concluded that there was strong evidence (defined as generally consistent findings in multiple high-quality randomized controlled trials) that MBTs, when compared with wait-list controls or usual medical care, have a moderate positive effect on pain intensity (effect size = 0.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.25–0.98) and small effects on functional status (effect size = 0.35; 95% CI, −0.04–0.74) and behavioral outcomes (effect size = 0.40; 95% CI, 0.10–0.70). Results did not shed light on the relative efficacy of the different MBTs.
A 1990 meta-analysis compared the efficacy of relaxation and biofeedback (34 trials) with drug therapy (25 trials) in recurrent migraine headache.49 Both approaches yielded similar results—43% reduction in headache activity in the average patient compared with 14% reduction with placebo medication and no reduction in unmedicated subjects. A more recent narrative review concluded that a combination of relaxation training and thermal biofeedback is the preferred behavioral treatment for recurrent migraine disorder.69
A 1997 meta-analysis46 suggests that both home and clinic-based MBTs are more effective than waiting-list or usual-care controls in the treatment of chronic benign headache (effect size = 0.51 and 0.52, respectively, across all headache types and outcomes). Recent evidence indicates that stress-management training is as effective as tricyclic antidepressants in the management of chronic tension-type headache, suggesting that combining these two therapeutic approaches might be more effective than using either one alone.70
Evidence from multiple studies in heterogeneous groups of cancer patients71 suggests that various MBTs can improve mood, quality of life, and coping,72–76 as well as ameliorate disease and treatment-related symptoms, such as chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting,77–80 physical pain,81–83 and functioning.84
Consistent with Devine and Westlake's 1995 meta-analysis of 80 controlled trials,71 Meyer and Mark's review of 45 randomized trials examining psychoeducational interventions for adult cancer patients53 found small but statistically significant effect sizes for treatment and disease-related symptoms (eg, pain, nausea) of 0.26 (95% CI, 0.16–0.37), functional adjustment (effect size = 0.19; 95% CI, 0.06–0.32), and emotional adjustment (effect size = 0.24; 95% CI, 0.17–0.32). A more recent narrative review of 54 studies examined the efficacy of an array of behavioral interventions, including contingency management, relaxation, imagery, and hypnosis, in managing treatment-related side effects in cancer patients.85 The authors concluded that such interventions were effective in reducing anticipatory nausea and vomiting and treating acute pain associated with diagnostic and treatment procedures. The evidence for chronic pain and nausea and vomiting after chemotherapy were deemed less strong.
Whereas studies suggest that MBTs can alter various immune parameters in cancer patients,86–88 it is unclear what the potential clinical importance of these changes might be in terms of disease progression. Two randomized controlled trials that attempted to correlate changes in immunologic parameters with effects on disease progression and survival failed to do so.89–90
The debate regarding whether MBTs can influence survival among cancer patients remains unresolved. Three randomized trials have shown a significant survival effect.90–92 In the most well publicized of these trials,91 women with metastatic breast cancer randomized to a 1-year weekly support and hypnosis group evidenced significant differences in survival rates at 10-year follow-up. Despite these positive findings, results from four other randomized trials93–96 have failed to show a survival effect of these interventions.
Incontinence Disorders
There is strong evidence that biofeedback-assisted muscle re-training is effective in the treatment of incontinence disorders, as reflected in the 1996 clinical practice guidelines from the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research that recommend behavioral treatments as a first-line treatment in urinary incontinence.97 A 1998 systematic review37 concluded that biofeedback did not add significantly to pelvic floor exercises in treating urinary incontinence in women. A meta-analytic review of five of these same trials,98 however, concluded that biofeedback-assisted pelvic floor exercises were, in fact, more effective than pelvic floor exercises alone (OR = 2.1; 95% CI 0.99–4.4). Several recent studies99–101 provide further evidence for the efficacy of biofeedback in treating urinary incontinence. Of particular note, the randomized trial by Burgio et al100 showed that biofeedback-assisted behavioral treatment was more effective than drug therapy in reducing incontinence episodes in elderly women.
Research also suggests that biofeedback is a potentially effective treatment for patients with passive and urge fecal incontinence102,103 and impaired fecal continence after obstetric trauma,104 and constipation.105,106
Cardiovascular Disease and Hypertension
Human and animal studies show that psychological factors (eg, depression, hostility, and stress) can play a substantive role in the development and progression of cardiovascular disease.1 In the most recent review examining the role of psychological factors in coronary artery disease, the authors concluded: "A confluence of pathophysiological and epidemiologic studies establish that both acute and chronic forms of psychosocial stress contribute to the pathogenesis of coronary atherosclerosis. These data establish an imperative for enhancing behavioral interventions among CAD-prone individuals."
There is evidence that MBTs can be effective in the treatment of coronary artery disease. A 1996 meta-analysis of 23 randomized trials52 found that the addition of psychosocial treatments (eg, relaxation, group and individual psychotherapy, type A behavior modification, stress-management) to standard cardiac rehabilitation resulted in a 41% reduction in all-cause mortality and a 46% reduction in nonfatal cardiac recurrences at a 2-year follow-up. When patients were observed for more than 2 years, the mortality reductions became nonsignificant. (Only three randomized controlled trials provided longer term follow-up data, and when results from the large, nonrandomized Recurrent Coronary Prevention Project were added, the longer term follow-up results for mortality became significant.) The authors noted that while the interventions were quite diverse in terms of length, target behavior(s), and specific type of therapy, the results were almost uniformly positive across studies.
In a more recent meta-analysis43 examining the effectiveness of psychoeducational interventions (health education and stress management) across 37 studies, there was a 34% reduction in cardiac mortality, a 29% reduction in recurrence of myocardial infarctions, and significant positive effects on dietary and exercise habits, weight, smoking, cholesterol, and blood pressure. Data from a recent prospective trial not included in the above review found that patients with coronary artery disease (n = 94) randomized to a stress management intervention evidenced fewer recurrent coronary events at 5-year follow-up compared with those patients receiving usual care.107
The evidence for the efficacy of MBTs in hypertension remains somewhat unclear. Although two earlier meta-analyses had questioned the efficacy of relaxation108 and cognitive-behavioral interventions44 in treating hypertension, a more recent meta-analysis51 concluded that MBTs (particularly individualized cognitive-behavioral approaches) were comparable to drug treatments (in terms of raw effect sizes) in reducing both systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
Since this 1994 meta-analysis, several randomized trials have appeared that further suggest the potential efficacy of MBTs in hypertension. A study of older African Americans (n = 127)109 found that hypertensive patients randomized to a 3-month trial of transcendental meditation showed significant reductions in systolic and diastolic pressure (10.7 and 6.4 mm Hg, respectively) compared with those practicing progressive muscle relaxation and an educational control. In a smaller trial (n = 39),110 significant reductions in medication requirements were achieved by hypertensive patients randomized to a 6-week multicomponent cognitive-behavioral intervention that included temperature biofeedback, progressive muscle relaxation, and therapy for stress and anger management. Despite these positive findings, however, there are still no large-scale trials directly comparing MBTs with either self-monitoring of blood pressure or exercise, diet, and weight-loss interventions.
Numerous trials as well as several reviews111–114 and meta-analyses55,58 have examined the efficacy of MBTs for insomnia.113 A 1994 meta-analysis of 59 studies55 reported that psychological interventions averaging 5 hours produced reliable changes in sleep-onset latency and time awake after sleep. A 1996 NIH consensus panel concluded that MBTs, most notably relaxation and biofeedback, produce significant changes in some aspects of sleep but that it was unclear whether the magnitude of the improvements in sleep onset and total sleep time were clinically significant.68 A 1999 systematic review concluded that stimulus control, progressive muscle relaxation, and paradoxical intention met American Psychological Association (APA) criteria for "empirically supported" treatments, whereas three additional approaches—sleep restriction, biofeedback, and multifaceted cognitive-behavioral therapy—met APA criteria for "probably efficacious" treatments.113
MBTs can also be helpful in treating late-life insomnia.114 A recent randomized trial115 found that cognitive-behavioral therapy (alone and in combination with pharmacologic therapy) was effective in reducing time awake after sleep onset in elderly patients. Whereas drug therapy alone was also more effective than placebo, only those patients using the behavioral approach maintained treatment gains at follow-up.115
Although pharmacological treatments produce somewhat faster sleep improvements in the short term, behavioral approaches in the intermediate term (4–8 weeks) show comparable effects, and in the long-term (6–24 months) behavioral approaches show more favorable outcomes than drug therapies.116 The extent to which mind-body and pharmacological therapies can be effectively combined in the treatment of insomnia requires further study.114
Surgical Outcomes
Studies have examined the efficacy of MBTs, such as relaxation, guided imagery, hypnosis, and instructional interventions (eg, providing information about the procedure), before surgery on postsurgical outcomes.117 The most recent meta-analysis50 found moderate to large effect sizes across several outcomes including pain (effect size = 0.85; 95% CI, 0.17–1.52), medication use (effect size = 0.60; 95% CI, 0.36–0.84), length of stay (effect size = 0.65; 95% CI, 0.24–1.06), and recovery time (effect size = 0.61; 95% CI, −0.95–2.18). These findings are in general agreement with previous meta-analyses42,118–120 that found consistent positive treatment effects for MBTs on a variety of postsurgical outcomes. For example, Devine42 reports that across 76 studies, length of hospital stay was decreased on average 1.5 days among patients receiving presurgical MBT interventions.
At this point, however, there is no clear evidence regarding which MBTs are most effective, nor is there consensus as to the precise psychophysiological mechanisms (eg, reassurance, patient involvement, sense of control, relaxation-induced immune enhancement) that underlie these observed effects.117
Additional Clinical Areas
There are several other areas that merit further research based either on positive findings from randomized trials or strong theoretical links to psychosocial stress. These include asthma,41,121–124 tinnitus,35 diabetes,38,125–130 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,40 recovery after stroke (muscle re-education using biofeedback),45,54 dermatologic conditions,131,132 allergies,133 irritable bowel syndrome,134–140 peptic ulcer,141 pregnancy outcomes (where there is strong evidence that emotional support, ie, presence of a doula, has beneficial effects),59,142 and human immunodeficiency virus infection.143,144
Table 3 summarizes the clinical conditions in which MBTs have shown the strongest evidence of efficacy.
Mind-body Therapies: Best Clinical Evidence.
A number of clinical studies18,145–147 and narrative reviews42,120,148–150 suggest that MBTs can be cost-effective. Most recently, the previously discussed trial conducted by Blumenthal et al,107 which showed significant reductions in coronary events for patients randomized to a stress management intervention, found significant cost savings associated with the program (when compared with an exercise program or usual medical care). To date, however, because relatively few MBT trials have included a cost-effectiveness component, additional research is required before definitive conclusions can be drawn regarding the relative costs or cost savings associated with mind-body-psychosocial interventions.
Potential Adverse Effects of Mind-Body Therapies
Unlike pharmacologic trials, with standardized methods to assess side effects, there appear to be no well-developed or established tools for assessing adverse events associated with MBTs.
Some persons report experiencing increased anxiety while practicing relaxation techniques. The few small controlled trials that have examined the incidence of such relaxation-induced anxiety have found rates from 17%151 to 31%152 for relaxation to as high as 53.8% during meditation.152 Factors that might be associated with such effects include fear of losing control, general restlessness and fear of inactivity, and fear of letting go.151,153 Additional aversive states include unfamiliar feelings and sensations, intrusive thoughts, sense of losing control, floating, dizziness, feelings of vulnerability, sensations of heaviness, and myoclonic jerks.153 In a survey of 116 psychologists using relaxation techniques in their practice, the most frequently reported problems encountered by patients were intrusive thoughts (15%), fear of losing control (9%), disturbing sensory experiences (4%), and muscle cramps and spasms (4%). Respondents reported that they terminated 3.8% of clients because side effects were seriously interfering with treatment.154
It has been suggested that some of these side effects are to be expected and can be used therapeutically.155 For example, awareness of physical or psychological tension or stress during the practice of meditation and relaxation can facilitate one's learning to cope more effectively with stressful life situations when they arise.
Studies also suggest that some patients might experience transitory negative effects either during or after hypnosis.156–159 These effects include headaches, drowsiness, confusion, dizziness, or nausea, and less frequently anxiety or panic.156 Figures range between 5% to 31% of those who report experiencing such symptoms.158 It has been suggested that the more serious complications are usually the result of the misapplication of hypnotic techniques or simply poor clinical practice (eg, not preparing patients sufficiently).158
Given the above findings suggesting that although relatively infrequent, MBTs can give rise to certain negative effects, we concur with Carlson and Nitz160 that it is only prudent to apply such therapies after "careful evaluation of patients and within the context of an appropriate professional relationship."
Directions for Future Research
In this review we have suggested that a number of MBTs should be considered for inclusion as adjunctive or complementary therapies for several common medical conditions. We have summarized this best clinical evidence in Table 3. We believe, however, a host of clinical and research issues must be better addressed if MBTs are to be more effectively integrated into conventional medical care. These issues include examining the role of MBTs in primary and secondary prevention; comparing the clinical and cost-effectiveness of MBTs against one another to determine more clearly which strategies are most effective under what conditions and for which patients; better clarifying which patients are most likely to respond positively to MBTs and what the key psychosocial, contextual, and dispositional variables might be (ie, emotional distress, readiness to change, desire for control); examining the relative contribution of nonspecific (ie, placebo) factors associated with the effectiveness of MBTs; and continuing to elucidate the mechanisms of action underlying these therapeutic approaches.
We believe that the cumulative clinical evidence reviewed here lends strong support to the notion that medicine should indeed adopt a biopsychosocial5,7 rather than exclusively biologic-genetic model of health.
As summarized in Table 3, based on the positive findings of meta-analyses and randomized controlled trials, there is strong evidence to support the incorporation of an array of mind-body approaches in the treatment of chronic low back pain, coronary artery disease, headache, and insomnia; in preparation for surgical procedures; and in management of the treatment and disease-related symptoms of cancer, arthritis, and urinary incontinence. Although we have noted several areas that future research should address (eg, mechanisms of action of MBTs, the relative contribution of nonspecific factors), given the relatively infrequent and minimal side effects associated with such treatments and the emerging evidence that these approaches can also result in significant cost savings,107 we believe that the integration of psychosocial-mind-body approaches, particularly in the clinical areas highlighted above, should be considered a priority for medicine.
This manuscript was completed while the first author was a faculty member in the Complementary Medicine Program at the University of Maryland School of Medicine.
Received for publication May 16, 2002.
Revision received May 16, 2002.
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Upon his retirement as one of the UK's most popular and dedicated professional footballers, Jamie Carragher wanted to find ways of passing on his expertise, good fortune and passion for football to others. He hopes to continue his legacy and hopefully find the next Jamie Carragher, Steven Gerrard, Wayne Rooney or Ross Barkley.
The schools launched back in September 2013: Jamie gave 6 schools in Sefton, the area he grew up in, free coaching for 1 year through his 23Foundation Charity.
The schools have proven to be a huge success, with Mayor Joe Anderson giving his full support, as well as the funding to deliver coaching to a further 6 six schools. The Mayor will also be looking to double the number of schools in the near future.
As a professional player with 737 games played, Jamie appreciates the importance of enjoyable training and coaching . This can be achieved by the commitment of skilled, professional coaches experienced in working with young players.
We are now currently working in over 60 schools across Merseyside, Lancashire and the Wirral. We deliver coaching sessions to boys & girls aged 5-11 years of age. The coaching is an hour session on the school's premises on a designated day that best suits the school. We not only look to develop their footballing skills but importantly improve the social side of football.
Jamie visits each school to say his thanks for working with his soccer schools, and if we spot any exceptional talent, then we can offer your pupil a chance for a trial at Liverpool or Everton's Academy.
Following the success of these schools in the North West of England, Jamie and father Philly agreed to extend Carragher Soccer Schools to an International dimension. The first International Soccer School was held at Elverum FC, Norway. As always, Jamie was hands on. Only top coaches vetted by Jamie and Philly are used. The programmes coached are personally discussed and overseen by Jamie and the main objectives of Carragher Soccer Schools must be agreed and accepted by host clubs.
The same principles as at the Merseyside schools were applied at Jamie Carragher Soccer schools in Elverum and the results were outstanding. A sell out 200 place soccer school was enjoyable and a great success. Demand for follow up schools worldwide has followed, with schools opening in Ireland, Denmark and USA.
Quality is the watchword and once more Jamie himself will oversee their planning and delivery, so that his reputation for outstanding sportsmanship and support for others will continue for the rest of his marvellous career.


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Hoops in the Hoosier State
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Goshen, IN (46526)
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The Elkhart County Courthouse can be seen in this photo taken Monday afternoon in Goshen.
Joseph Weiser | The Goshen News
The flagpole on top of the Elkhart County Courthouse in Goshen can be seen Monday afternoon.
editor's pick featured
Action on new county courts building approved
SHEILA SELMAN THE GOSHEN NEWS
Sheila Selman
GOSHEN — A few major items approved Monday by the Elkhart County Commissioners will appear before the County Council on Saturday morning, including action concerning the new county courts building.
There are two proposed locations for the future $80 million county courts building. The commissioners approved a proposed draft purchase agreement for one of those sites, the Parkwel site, located off of C.R. 17 and U.S. 20.
An agreement is already in place for the Price parcel at C.R. 17 and Rieth Boulevard.
The Parkwel draft agreement is for 11.5 acres of real estate, county attorney Steve Olsen said. Because it is still a draft, Olsen explained, "What we're looking for is support for approval subject to final legal (review) and authorizing your county administrator to sign once we have that finalized."
Funding has been approved for the purchase of real estate. The county council still has to weigh in and give approval for the purchase of a particular site, Olsen said. The matter is on the council's agenda Saturday.
The cost between the two sites is significantly different. The Price parcel will cost between $565,000 to $600,000, while the Parkwel site is $1.95 million.
.R. 38 EAST PROJECT
The commissioners also approved taking a loan of $5 million from Major Moves fund to be used for the C.R. 38 East project, along with $3 million and $1 million in fund transfers from highway-related funds.
The $5 million loan will be added to an existing $5 million balance for the C.R. 17 project to be repaid in $1 million increments throughout 10 years. The county council is set to hear a resolution supporting the C.R. 38 East Major Moves loan Saturday.
CARES ACT MONEY
In order to maximize CARES Act and FEMA funds received because of COVID-19, the commissioners approved some fund transfers that will allow the county to use those funds down the road.
The federal government originally issued approximately $6.7 million in CARES Act funds to Elkhart County.
"The county has received some of that money through specific purchases and reimbursements," county attorney Craig Buche said. "And this would allow the county to receive the remaining funds for payroll purposes. That money then can be put back into the general fund and reappropriated for other purposes or transferred eventually to the Rainy Day Fund."
He explained that this is part of the financial plan the commissioners and an auditor have come up with to try to maximize the recovery available from the federal funding.
The agreement with FEMA is to take any other expenditures the county had incurred or are anticipating to occur to the end of the year or next year and apply for federal funding through the Federal Emergency Management Agency. Those funds are reimbursable at a 75% rate, Buche explained. So the proposal and plan is if the county receives all of the money that is available under the CARES Act and then use FEMA money for other additional expenditures, "you're going to maximize your recovery," Buche said.
So, the county won't necessarily just receive the $6.7 million, but $10 million or $11 million or whatever amount was found to be expended in terms of receiving reimbursement, he said.
If there is a shortfall, in the sense that FEMA won't reimburse everything, Buche said, the expectation is that what was received from the CARES Act will be available to cover the shortfall.
Both the FEMA resolution and the CARES Act resolution will be going to the county council as well on Saturday.
CDFI Friendly
In other matters, the commissioners approved entering into an agreement with the mayors of Elkhart, Nappanee and Goshen to study a "possible strategy for expanding affordable financing for community development projects within Elkhart County."
Part of that study involves hiring a consulting firm, CDFI Friendly America, to perform an assessment of Elkhart County. The cost would be $34,000 for the assessment, which would be shared by the county and three cities. Elkhart County's share of the cost would be $18,564; Goshen's $5,644; Elkhart's $8,670; and Nappanee's, $1,122.
According to information provided by the commissioners, the study involves researching the potential of becoming a Community Development Financial Institutions Friendly community that attracts CDFI funding to their communities. CDFI Friendly South Bend is interested in expanding to include Elkhart County into its newly formed 501©(3) organization. This organization would act as "a matchmaker between under-resourced individuals, businesses and nonprofits and the CDFI industry."
The study would also determine whether or not entering into this type of agreement is advisable.
The matter moves to the Elkhart County Council on Saturday for consideration.
COURTHOUSE FLAG
The commissioners also heard from Goshen resident Glenn Null and from councilman Tom Stump concerning the flag atop the county courthouse.
Null complained about it looking ragged and wondered if it could be replaced with a new flag by Veterans Day, which is Wednesday. The commissioners could not commit to that quick of a replacement, primarily because the flag is difficult to replace.
This led Null to criticize Yoder and ask about money that had been approved to automate the flag pole for easier changing.
Stump stepped forward and made a different suggestion. A few months ago, it was suggested that a flag or two be flown on the front yard of the courthouse.
"We proceeded in investigating that," Stump said. He thought it might be a good idea to explain to the public why the change was needed and put a couple of 75-foot or so flagpoles at the corners of the east side of the courthouse.
Yoder said he believes it would be controversial with the public to remove the flag from the top of the courthouse. When the county investigated the automation for the courthouse flag, they had anticipated around $15,000 or so, Yoder said. Instead, it turned out to be much more costly than that.
"I just think once it's explained to the taxpayers that would be their thought," Stump said. "One or two flags at the front of the courthouse on each side, each corner, not all four corners, but maybe two corners that border Main Street — sufficiently high. I'm not talking about a 20-foot flagpole. I'm talking about 75 feet or something like that."
He said it would need to be changeable and would be a lot easier to maintain and be more fiscally responsible.
"I think if it was explained properly to the people, I think they would approve," Stump said. "I could be wrong."
Sheila Selman can be reached at sheila.selman@goshennews.com or 574-533-2151, ext. 240311. Follow Sheila on Twitter @sselman_TGN.
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Tom Stump
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Elkhart County Council
Sheila Selman is regional editor and digital content editor for The Goshen News.
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FUNERAL SERVICES: Saturday, Jan. 16, 2021
SERVICES TODAY
YODER, Freda Aug 4, 1936 - Jan 14, 2021
MIDDLEBURY [mdash] Freda Marlene Yoder, 84, of Middlebury, died at 6:12 p.m., Thursday, Jan. 14 at Lutheran Hospital, Fort Wayne, after suffering heart complications following surgery. She was born Aug. 4, 1936, in LaGrange, to Levi M. and Nettie (Miller) Mast. On March 22, 1956, in Topeka, …
YODER, Beety Jan 7, 1929 - Jan 14, 2021
DRULEY, Jacquelyn Dec 5, 1936 - Jan 14, 2021
ABBOTT, Roy Ray Mar 6, 1952 - Jan 15, 2021
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text:
El Aeropuerto Eros o Aeropuerto de Windhoek Eros  es un aeropuerto en Windhoek, Namibia. Es una importante base de aviación general y uno de los aeropuertos con más movimiento de la SADC. Eros alberga el tráfico commercial, privado, y regular desde aviones comerciales a las Cessna 152 de formación.

El aeropuerto atiende aproximadamente de 150 a 200 operaciones al día (unas 50.000 al año).

La mayoría de las operaciones proceden de aviación general del mercado charter, la mayoría con aviones Cessna 210, que es la aeronave más habitual para vuelos chárter y safaris en Namibia.

Eros es una alternativa a los tráficos en condiciones visuales al Aeropuerto Internacional de Windhoek. El mayor avión de pasajeros que ha aterrizado en Eros es el Boeing 737 tras no poder aterrizar en el Aeropuerto Internacional de Windhoek debido a los fuertes vientos cruzados y la cizalladura.

En 2004, el aeropuerto atendió a 141.605 pasajeros.

En enero de 2008, una Cessna 210 se estrelló tras despegar matando al piloto y a los seis turistas a bordo. El accidente fue debido a un fallo del piloto, de acuerdo con el informe de la investigación.

Estadísticas

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Eros

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Bit of a jump here, Wings covered, and aileron fitted with Robart pin hinges. Other details show the motor mounted and rear end detail.
Ok now's the time to come clean, this will be an electric model, powered by an eFlight 52 on 6S, so the front cowl will be removable as too will the front top decking for battery access. Also the foam cockpit ready for shaping.
Hard points for the aileron horns. Note wing tips not shaped yet.
To shape the rear top decking I added some temporary 'sacraficial' stringers to indicate the limit of shaping.
Centre section glassed, with glass cloth also covering the undercarriage blocks, just to tie it all together.
As per all my builds, my prefered method of joining the wings is to raise the tips parallel to the building board, such that any error in the cores will be at the centre and not the tips.
Undercarriage blocks cut, servo wells cut & lined with 3/32 balsa and using a 15mm copper pipe the channel for the cable runs.
Foam wing cores sheeted with 3/32 light balsa, glued with Gorilla glue, spread thinly. With such a thin spread there is no expanded glue seeping out from the edges.
First of probably many changes to the plan, I'll be using dowels and wing bolts to hold the wing in place, here you can see the front dowel plate, and the rear fus top decking.
Fuselage construction starts with the front formers, then into the jig for the rear. The rear formers have holes in them to allow for the servo wires. The blue tubes you can see are for the closed loop rudder wires.
Doublers glued in place - note a left and right hand side. Also the elevator servo mount at the rear.
The Bar Fli has been on my list for a while now, and in anticipation I have a set of foam cores and a hard copy of the plan. So I've made a slow start by creating a kit of parts. Seen in the first image are the cores with 3/32 sheeting, fuselage formers, and sides with doublers.


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text:
Seyyed Mohammad Sina Ghasemi Mousavi
Website: Sinarium.com
LinkedIn: linkedin.com/in/sinaghasemi
Hometown: Karaj, Iran
I am a graduate of English Language & Literature, with talent & experience in teaching, creative & academic writing, editing, & translation; with an insatiable interest in cinema, screenwriting, & journalism. My burning ambition is to continue my education up to Ph.D. level & work in the field of cinema & writing.
Accuracy & commitment are essential principles for me in my professional activities. I am willing to work in team provided with the atmosphere of honesty & fair competition.
The University of Mazandaran,
English Language & Literature, B.A.
Passed 137 credits with the total GPA of 17.42 out of 20
Year 1 & 2: advanced courses on the 4 general skills of English, with extra focus on reading and writing, plus some courses on translation, linguistics, and basic French.
Year 3 & 4: courses on literature, plus some advanced translation, teaching, journalism, research, and essay writing courses.
Wrote numerous essays, reviews, plays, and poems; gave several oral presentations on different subjects as course assignments.
Derafsh-e Mehr Literary Journal:
Published 4 issues of Derafsh-e Mehr, a literary journal in English containing works by students and teachers of the university and beyond it, between spring 2013 to spring 2014.
Successfully proofread and edited literary works by other students; did the photography, layout, graphic design, online works, and public relations almost entirely single-handedly.
Successfully solicited some professional authors into sending and giving permission to publish their works.
Published samples of my own creative and academic writings in forms of essays, reviews, poems, short stories, and screenplays.
Overall, this project needed so much skill in literature, English language, editing, computer graphic design, time & budget management; plus so much patience, perseverance, & devotion.
Training courses and certificates
Karnameh Arts Institute; Screenwriting Workshop; 2016 (April to July)
Basics of screenwriting; from dramatic idea to plot.
Ministry of Culture at Babolsar Township; Theater (Acting); 2011 – 2014
Acted in amateur plays; as weekly assignments wrote several creative writings & short plays.
edX, Inc. (MOOC Platform)
Hollywood: History, Industry, Art; PennX of The University of Pennsylvania; Nov. 2016
The impact of media technology on the art and business of Hollywood; the political role of films in American and world culture; and tools for analyzing a film.
English Grammar & Style; UQx of The University of Queensland, Australia; Oct. 2015
Grammatical principles, word usage, writing style, sentence and paragraph structure, and punctuation.
How to Write an Essay; BerkeleyX of The University of California, Berkeley; Oct. 2015
Issues of grammar, written structure, editing, revising, and paragraph development.
Academic & Business Writing; BerkeleyX of The University of California, Berkeley; May 2015
Reading and writing in different academic disciplines including literature, creative writing, science, technology, and social sciences.
2017 (Oct.) – Present, Content Writer & Webmaster at Delinglish.com
Delinglish (Delicious English) is a website for ESL learners of English. It covers educational articles, videos, podcasts on general English, plus international exams including TOEFL, EILTS, and PTE.
Writing educational material and webmastering are among the skills I have learned.
2017 (Feb.) – 2018 (May), English Teacher at Ertebatat Language Group, Karaj
Taught a variety of English courses from A1 to C1; IELTS and TOEFL; oral and written proficiencies.
Class management, designing educational content, and leadership are among the skills I have gained.
2010 – Present, Freelance English Translator (English to Persian & vice versa)
Translated business and academic articles in a variety of professional fields and disciplines. Translated literary works including poems, plays, short stories, and novellas.
Accuracy and speed in oral and written translation are among the skills I have learned.
Other work experience:
Teaching general English, high school and college English at private classes; salesmanship; marketing; conscription at the law enforcement forces of Iran.
2018, The Well (Original title: "چاه"), Karpi Publications, Babol, ISBN: 978-600-6913-43-8
The Well is a play written initially by Alireza Tavana in Persian. The translation of this book by me was published in the winter of 2018, alongside the original play in a single volume. The publication coincided with the premiere of the very play, directed by Abbas Abolhasan simultaneously both in English and Persian.
Computing:
MS Windows, PowerPoint, Word; Adobe Photoshop & Fireworks; general knowledge of hardware & software; blogging & social media.
Arts:
Photography, logo, layout, & graphic design; amateur stage acting, sound effects, & lighting.
Literature & Creative Writing:
Written & published original & translated short stories, plays, screenplays, poems, essays, film reviews, & magazine articles.
Native proficiency in Persian; full professional proficiency in English; elementary proficiency in French & Spanish.
Different genres of literature and creative writing (specifically screenwriting); dramatic arts including, cinema, theater, performance, dance; and also visual arts, especially photography and graphic design.


These stops were specifically designed to fold into the bait – if required – which makes sizing the gap between the boilie and hook bend much easier especially when using different size baits on the same length hair.
The Kwik Change design makes it useful for many different applications like attaching hooklinks, leads, spods, different size floater controllers, stick mix fishing, swim feeders and even lures. Simple to use and remarkably strong, the Corkscrew Swivel has carved a niche with anglers who appreciate the refinement it brings to their various quick change setups like stick and threaded 'bag' fishing.
Spear Stops and Dumbell Stops are also available.


Daniel J. Mitchell is an economist and senior fellow at the Cato Institute.
From an economic perspective, tax havens are very valuable because they discourage anti-growth tax policy. Simply stated, it is very difficult for governments to impose and enforce confiscatory tax rates when investors and entrepreneurs can shift their economic activity to jurisdictions with better tax policy. Particularly if those nations have strong policies on financial privacy, thus making it difficult for uncompetitive high-tax nations to track and tax flight capital.
Competition from foreign financial institutions, unfettered by our laws, have held down U.S. tax rates.
Thanks to this process of tax competition, with havens playing a key role, top personal income tax rates have dropped from an average of more than 67 percent in 1980 to about 42 percent today. Corporate tax rates also have plummeted, falling from an average of 48 percent to 24 percent. Notwithstanding their normal inclinations to impose class-warfare policies, politicians recognized that it was better to have modest tax rates and collect more revenue than to have confiscatory tax rates and collect less revenue.
Lawmakers also were pressured to lower or eliminate death taxes and wealth taxes, as well as to reduce the double taxation of interest, dividends and capital gains. Once again, tax havens deserve much of the credit because politicians presumably would not have implemented these pro-growth reforms if they didn't have to worry that the geese with the golden eggs might fly away to a confidential account in a well-run nation like Luxembourg or Singapore.
And this global shift to lower tax rates and better tax policy helps explain why the world economy in recent decades has been much more vibrant than it was in the 1960s and 1970s.
Tax havens also play a very valuable moral role by providing high-quality rule of law in an uncertain world, offering a financial refuge for people who live in nations where governments are incompetent and corrupt. Folks in Argentina will keep assets in the Cayman Islands to guard against economic mismanagement. People in Venezuela will invest money in Panama to protect against expropriation. Families in Mexico will hold funds in Miami to reduce the threat of kidnapping.
There are also billions of people living in nations with venal and oppressive governments. To cite just a few examples, tax havens offer secure financial services to political dissidents in Russia, ethnic Chinese in Indonesia and the Philippines, Jews in North Africa, gays in Iran and farmers in Zimbabwe.
With more and more nations careening toward fiscal collapse, raising the risk of social chaos and economic calamity, it is more important than ever that there are places where people can protect themselves from bad government. Tax havens should be celebrated, not persecuted.
Global Tax Dodge or Economic Boon?


PIONEER stands for quality in Cutters & Chasers .Tea Estates prefer PIONEER for their Roller sharpening since it ensures them perfect sharpening from one end of the Roller to the last pitch.
They are made with the best of High Speed Steel for stainless steel machining.
Perfect hardness and other inputs make it miraculously tough and wear resistant.
The combination of toughness & wear-resistance is the essence of PIONEER Cutters and Chasers.
Besides geometrically too, it is absolutely a quality product.