Frank Lucas (Oklahoma) FAQs 2019- Facts, Rumors and the latest Gossip.
Frank Lucas (Oklahoma) FAQs: Facts, Rumors, Birthdate, Net Worth, Sexual Orientation and much more!
Who is Frank Lucas? Biography, gossip, facts?
Frank D. Lucas (born January 6 1960) is the U.S. Representative for Oklahoma's 3rd congressional district serving since 2003 having previously represented the 6th district from 1994 to 2003. He is a member of the Republican Party and chairs the House Committee on Agriculture. His district numbered as the 6th district from 1994 to 2003 is the largest congressional district in the state and one of the largest in the nation that doesn't cover an entire state.
How does Frank Lucas look like? How did Frank Lucas look like young?
This is how Frank Lucas looks like. The photo hopefully gives you an impression of Frank Lucas's look, life and work.
When is Frank Lucas's birthday?
Frank Lucas was born on the 6th of January 1960 , which was a Wednesday. Frank Lucas will be turning 60 in only 262 days from today.
How old is Frank Lucas?
Frank Lucas is 59 years old. To be more precise (and nerdy), the current age as of right now is 21548 days or (even more geeky) 517152 hours. That's a lot of hours!
Are there any books, DVDs or other memorabilia of Frank Lucas? Is there a Frank Lucas action figure?
We would think so. You can find a collection of items related to Frank Lucas right here.
What is Frank Lucas's zodiac sign and horoscope?
Frank Lucas's zodiac sign is Capricorn.
The ruling planet of Capricorn is Saturn. Therefore, lucky days are Saturdays and lucky numbers are: 1, 4, 8, 10, 13, 17, 19, 22 and 26. Brown, Steel, Grey and Black are Frank Lucas's lucky colors. Typical positive character traits of Capricorn include: Aspiring, Restrained, Firm, Dogged and Determined. Negative character traits could be: Shy, Pessimistic, Negative in thought and Awkward.
Is Frank Lucas gay or straight?
Many people enjoy sharing rumors about the sexuality and sexual orientation of celebrities. We don't know for a fact whether Frank Lucas is gay, bisexual or straight. However, feel free to tell us what you think! Vote by clicking below.
0% of all voters think that Frank Lucas is gay (homosexual), 0% voted for straight (heterosexual), and 0% like to think that Frank Lucas is actually bisexual.
Is Frank Lucas still alive? Are there any death rumors?
Yes, according to our best knowledge, Frank Lucas is still alive. And no, we are not aware of any death rumors. However, we don't know much about Frank Lucas's health situation.
Are there any photos of Frank Lucas's hairstyle or shirtless?
Where was Frank Lucas born?
Frank Lucas was born in Cheyenne Oklahoma.
Is Frank Lucas hot or not?
Well, that is up to you to decide! Click the "HOT"-Button if you think that Frank Lucas is hot, or click "NOT" if you don't think so.
0% of all voters think that Frank Lucas is hot, 100% voted for "Not Hot".
What religion is Frank Lucas?
Frank Lucas's religion and religious background is: Southern Baptist Convention.
Do you have a photo of Frank Lucas?
There you go. This is a photo of Frank Lucas or something related.
When did Frank Lucas retire? When did Frank Lucas end the active career?
Frank Lucas retired on the 3rd of January 2003, which is more than 16 years ago. The date of Frank Lucas's retirement fell on a Friday.
Does Frank Lucas do drugs? Does Frank Lucas smoke cigarettes or weed?
It is no secret that many celebrities have been caught with illegal drugs in the past. Some even openly admit their drug usuage. Do you think that Frank Lucas does smoke cigarettes, weed or marijuhana? Or does Frank Lucas do steroids, coke or even stronger drugs such as heroin? Tell us your opinion below.
0% of the voters think that Frank Lucas does do drugs regularly, 0% assume that Frank Lucas does take drugs recreationally and 0% are convinced that Frank Lucas has never tried drugs before.
When did Frank Lucas's career start? How long ago was that?
Frank Lucas's career started on the 10th of May 1994, which is more than 24 years ago. The first day of Frank Lucas's career was a Tuesday.
Which university did Frank Lucas attend?
Frank Lucas attended Oklahoma State University-Stillwater for academic studies.
Who are similar congressmen to Frank Lucas?
John Salazar, John Garamendi, Lynn Morley Martin, Joseph Oliva Huot and Peter Frelinghuysen Jr. are congressmen that are similar to Frank Lucas. Click on their names to check out their FAQs.
What is Frank Lucas doing now?
Supposedly, 2019 has been a busy year for Frank Lucas (Oklahoma). However, we do not have any detailed information on what Frank Lucas is doing these days. Maybe you know more. Feel free to add the latest news, gossip, official contact information such as mangement phone number, cell phone number or email address, and your questions below.
What is Frank Lucas's net worth in 2019? How much does Frank Lucas earn?
According to various sources, Frank Lucas's net worth has grown significantly in 2019. However, the numbers vary depending on the source. If you have current knowledge about Frank Lucas's net worth, please feel free to share the information below.
As of today, we do not have any current numbers about Frank Lucas's net worth in 2019 in our database. If you know more or want to take an educated guess, please feel free to do so above.


Good news to music lovers! Just as you might have started feeling overwhelmed over all music software that modern technology has to offer – we figured you probably want to get a little more familiar with what music lockers are in general and how to make the most of them.
Why are music lockers so popular?
Generally, a music locker, commonly known as a music storage service aka cloud music service is a safe place in the Internet reserved for safekeeping your personally owned music. No matter whether it is a popular music bought on iTunes or other widely-known stores or maybe something you have audio captured from your grandpa's vinyl collection. Music locker is different from a common cloud service because not only it stores your music but you can play your audios from all different devices with the help of music streaming.
How is music locker different from a music streaming service?
The music streaming service uses the apps database to stream copies of song in their library, which music can browse and listen to when they are connected to the internet or cache some of them for an offline playback. Some music streaming service also offer users to upload store a certain amount of music. See our guide on streaming services.
You don't have enough hard disc space to keep your enormous collection and cannot tolerate it anymore. With a music locker you can stop worrying and save up disk space- that's reason #1. A decent collection of tunes can occupy gigabytes&gigabytes. You can generally make way more use of existing resources as there servers created to store specifically your music!
You have access to ALL your library ANYWAY and ANYTIME. No more erasing older albums and importing new ones via iTunes as there's only a maximum of 128 gigs on your iPhone. Forget about that one more point in your to do list for the weekend. Using a locker for music will have you to save time.
You can cache all music you need and save it for no-connection times, so no internet will never mean no music. All you need to do is hit a Save to device button.
You can back up your music and make it doesn't get harmed if your Mac breaks.
Whenever you make a playlist it will appear on both your Mac and iPhone so you won't have to repeat the procedure.
Adding music to music locker is fast and easy. All you have to do is drag and drop your files and your music will be instantly synchronised across all your devices!
And the last, but not the least! Using VOX Cloud will give the maximum quality of playback ever possible!
What is VOX Cloud? Rather than converting music and losing all the assets you can choose VOX Cloud that allows you to upload unlimited amount of music to the cloud and play it any lossless format.
What is VOX Cloud: music locker?
What is so unique about VOX Cloud?
VOX Cloud gives you an UNLIMITED music storage space for all your music!
Direct streaming from Soundcloud and Youtube. NOTE that Youtube streaming is available for Mac users only. Here's one more way to make your experience perfect! Forget about switching to different applications! Simply add Youtube and Soundcloud music to your playlist and enjoy all your your tunes just one click away!
A built-in radio with 30 000+ radio stations from around the world in 30 genres. I feel like you have worn the grooves out and want a refreshing break from the sounds you already know, explore the world of music and look for new findings!
The most outstanding preset and manual equaliser for a music app to have, carefully masterminded by experts! Be in full control of your experience.
CarPlay and AirPlay options make it even more convenient.
You can listen to music in all formats, both lossless and lossy, including FLAC, ALAC, MP3, OGG, APE and many others! We just know how important the quality of sound is, that's why have designed an app to preserve what you most value. It's time to really hear the difference!
How to use sound booster in VOX Music Player?


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Custom «Road to Become a Human» Essay Paper
Custom «Road to Become a Human» Essay Paper essay
In order to talk about a human and its origin it is important to find out who a human is. It is not a scientific term and it has many interpretations. The definition chosen here is the following: a human is a complicated creature, who can be called a bipedal animal with consciousness, high intellect, and verbal ability as the main distinctive traits. High intellect of a human implies the evolution of the ability to think, comprehend art, perceive the environment, form the beliefs, as well as the development of many different skills such as tools-making, settling the dwelling places, using different techniques when creating ornaments or drawing, and many other qualities. If human is a bipedal animal, it means that the animal and the human are relatives and have some common features. According to Darvin's theory, humans are far relatives of Hominoids, who were also the ancestors of apes. As the animals of all species are constantly changing and adapting to different life conditions, some species become extinct; others go forward and improve their skills or appearance. Approximately 5 million years ago, the physiology of some heavy Hominoid primates underwent some changes: their brain grew bigger, and they became bipedal, the form of the skull and spine has also changed. Consequently, their appearance and behavior were changing step by step and, finally, led to modern human appearance. To be more precise, among the representatives of Hominoids these are hominins, the representatives of Hominini tribes, who are regarded as human's ancestors. Such Pre-Australopithecines (7mya-4,4mya) as Sahelanthropus chadensis, Orrorin tugenensis, Ardipitecus ramidus, whose fossils were found on the territory of Africa, are not proved to be the hominins, while Australopithecus, Paranthropus, and such laterHomo species as Homo ergaster, Homo erectus, Homo floresiensis, Homo heidelbergensis, Homo neanderthalensis, Homo sapiens belong to hominins. As a result, it is possible to state that humans are the final stage of the evolution, hominins are inferior creatures, who are situated on the lower steps of evolution.
Buy Road to Become a Human essay paper online
According to biological studies a human belongs to the order of Primates, the family of Hominids, which also includes the apes. It is important to mention that it is scientifically proved that the similarity of chimpanzee's and human's DNA is more than 95 %, which proves that they have the same ancestor. Therefore, nowadays apes and humans have some common feature as well. As the chimpanzee can be defined as the closest living relative of a human, it is quite interesting to compare their behavioral and physical traits. Three physical traits that will be discussed further are the ability to talk, longer legs than arms, S-shaped spine; the behavioral traits are religious beliefs, art comprehension, and ability to make tools.
Comparing a chimpanzee with a human, it is obvious that the first behavioral trait, the ability to talk, is distinctive only for a human, but not for a chimpanzee. It is connected with differences in the brain development: human's brain is much bigger; it has a speech center, which the chimp lacks. Moreover, the scientists state it is connected with difference in the genetic composition of these two species as chimps lack the language gene. As the origin of speaking ability is still disputable, it is difficult to choose only one reason, but the fact is that the chimps lack the ability to talk which is a distinctive feature of being a human. Another physical trait which also makes a human and chimp different from each other is the proportion of arms' length to legs' length. Human's legs are longer than arms, it increases strides and it is much easier for humans to walk on big distances. As hands are used only to hold or take things, they are not destined to be used as footing unlike the chimp's ones. Chimpanzees' arms are longer as they need them as footing while walking; the shape of the hands differs as well. In contrast to chimps, who have a C-shaped spine, humans' spine is S-shaped; it helps to keep the trunk centered over pelvis. Human's spine got such shape due to lumbar vertebrae extension and getting heavier. It is clear that the abovementioned physical differences in skeleton structure between the chimpanzee and the human are caused by adaptation to bipedalism.
Speaking about three behavioral traits, we find that among all only making tools is typical for chimpanzees. They can sharpen sticks for dragging up ants or even use them as a shovel leaning on one leg and forcing the spear deepen into the ground with the help of arms. It was observed that chimps choose stones of a specific shape to split the nuts; afterwards they would put a stone on its place and take it again from there, not look for another one. Chimps can also make "cups" out of big leaves to drink water, or sponges out of the chewed leaves to gather some liquids. No evidences of traits connected with art or religious demonstrations were observed among chimps, though there were several occasions when chimps appreciated listening music and even replayed some pleasant tunes, but these are not common events. The chimpanzees do not bury the dead and do not draw or create any ornaments. It proves that the level of chips intellect is low comparatively to humans'. It is obvious that humans and chimps are different creatures. Although they have the same ancestor, humans are much more developed, and their physical traits caused by getting used to bipedalism are much different from chimps'. Consequently, chimps can be regarded as inferior creatures who are not as cultured and developed as humans.
Looking through the hominins, who were the Homo sapiens' ancestors, Homo neanderthalensis, who lived in parts of Europe, Central Asia, and the Middle East can be marked out. He is the first of the hominins who can, probably, be labeled as a human. These species died out mysteriously 28,000 years ago, but the fossils assigned to Homo neanderthalesis prove that these species had much in common with modern humans. Not all of his physical and behavioral traits coincide with Homo sapiens' ones, but many scholars believe that he possessed enough traits to be considered a human. To my mind, such view has enough evidence to be true. First of all, Neanderthals were bipedal and had muscular body. Scholars made a conclusion that Neanderthals looked like modern creatures in very cold places. Though they had short limbs, their legs were longer than their arms; the proportion is almost the same as modern humans have.
According to the sizes of skulls it is possible to state that their brain was big enough to have some intellect and even be capable of advanced thought. Though Neanderthals were not very intellectual, they were not stupid. Moreover, the scholars suppose that they had the language gene and consequently could talk, which is the next evidence that move them closer to modern people. Using 50,000-year-old fossils found in Europe and a computer synthesizer, the team of scholars even managed to generate a recording of how a Neanderthal was pronouncing the letter "e." It sounds different from the modern human's pronunciation but the scientists state that the reason is that Neanderthals lacked the "quantal vowels" modern humans use. It means that they could not use different size vocal tracts, which nowadays help people understand one another, so their speech was limited. Still Neanderthals were first hominins who could speak.
Another trait of a modern human which coincides with the Homo neanderthalisis' is the shape of the spine. As Neanderthal was already bipedal as the modern human is, his skeleton structure was very similar to modern human's, his spine is S-shaped as well to help to keep the trunk centered over pelvis; lumbar vertebrae is also extended and heavier. Such form helps humans body to cope with different kinds of load. All in all, it is clear that physically Neanderthals differed from Homo sapiens only with their prognatic face, big nose, small chin and short limbs while the main physical traits as verbal speech, bipedalism, limbs proportion, and shape of the spine are the same.
Some primitive religious views were also familiar to Neanderthals. They buried the dead, and, probably, even had some ritual or ceremony at burial. In 50,000-year-old Neanderthal burial ground that has been unearthed in Spain all the buried individuals have been found in the same position: arms folded such that the hands were close to the head. If it held meaning the Neanderthals, therefore, may have conducted burials and possessed some symbolic thoughts on the life after death. That would also mean that Neanderthals were able to form some beliefs on the world around and were conscious in some way, which also is the distinctive feature of humans.
The Neanderthals were quite skilled toolmakers. It is proven by the found fossils that they made wooden spears, hafted spear points, retouched edges. They also found new tool making technique, a disc-core technique, which depends on careful core shaping and needs more skills to remove more flakes from one core. The most important thing about this new technique invented by Neanderthals is that it helped to produce more usable tools from one piece of raw material, which proves the raise of intellect of Homo neanderthalis. Improving the techniques which are used is also common for modern human; it shows that the individual is able to think and to use the material he has more wisely.
The archeologists have found red and yellow ochre, perforated and grooved animals' bones and teeth, which date back to 100kya. Though, it is difficult to prove that these findings are the pieces of ancient art. To natural causes there also were found bone tools, pierced and bones and teeth, blade tools, carved bone pedant, shelter construction dated as 40-27kya. Remains of some of the personal ornaments, rings, awls, pierced animal teeth and ivory pendants can be the evidence that Neanderthal created different jewelry with their own hands. The shell jewelry found in Slovenia 50kya is pierced, which indicates that it was worn, and is pigmented which indicates that is was painted. Another interesting fossil which can help to define the art abilities of Neanderthals is a possible flute, a bone with evenly spaced holes in it. If it is not a random gnawing and puncture by carnivores, the finding suggests the idea that the Neanderthals had some musical abilities. The abovementioned arguments show that the behavior of the Neanderthals was very close to modern humans'. It is possible to state that they definitely were good toolmakers, who were smart enough to improve new techniques and create new tools. Neanderthals were likely to have some primitive religious beliefs connected with burials; they also were likely to create some pieces of art like jewelry, to draw, and to make some music.
Finally, it is obvious that the Neanderthals can be called first humans, as according to all six chosen traits (three behavioral and three physical), they are very similar to modern people. Though some of the features (speaking, religious views, art) are not properly developed and are on more primitive level, it is determined by their lower evolution level. When it comes to chimps, it is obvious that human and chimps have the same ancestors, but according to six chosen traits, only one is possessed by the chimps. They are more likely to be the inferior creatures. If the qualities the human should possess are consciousness, high intellect, and verbal speech, it is clear that chimps are not likely to have them. They are a little similar to human in the physical way and some lower behavioral elements, while Neanderthals have all the distinctive human traits on the level, which is typical for the initial phase of being a human.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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We are delighted to be instructed to sell this four bedroom semi-detached home which gives the option of a ground floor bedroom with a walk-in shower room adjacent. The house benefits from gas central heating, double glazing, a double garage to the rear and is offered for sale with no upper chain. The accommodation comprises of entrance hall, inner lobby, kitchen, dining room, lounge, home office/bedroom four, walk-in shower room, three bedrooms and a family bathroom. Externally, there is a fully enclosed rear garden and a double garage. As the acting sole agents, we strongly recommend viewing.
Disclaimer - Property reference 28642293. The information displayed about this property comprises a property advertisement. Rightmove.co.uk makes no warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of the advertisement or any linked or associated information, and Rightmove has no control over the content. This property advertisement does not constitute property particulars. The information is provided and maintained by Cranes Estate Agents, Cranfield - Sales. Please contact the selling agent or developer directly to obtain any information which may be available under the terms of The Energy Performance of Buildings (Certificates and Inspections) (England and Wales) Regulations 2007 or the Home Report if in relation to a residential property in Scotland.


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Xfinity Series
Gander Outdoors Truck Series
SPEED/Motor
No. 95 NASCAR team's data held for ransom in cyber attack
foxsports Jun 25, 2016 at 2:03p ET
Dave Winston of Circle Sport-Leavine Family Racing seen in May, shortly after the ransomeware attack.
Nigel Kinrade/LAT Photo USA
Here's a truly scary story: In April, Circle Sport-Leavine Family Racing fell victim to an online data attack, with three of the company's computers infected by TeslaCrypt ransomware.
Ransomware seizes a computer's critical data and allows criminals to hold that data hostage.
In the case of CSLFR, the data taken hostage contained detailed setup information and notes from crew chief Dave Winston, car part lists, and custom high-profile simulation set-ups valued at $2 million. To recreate this data, it would have taken the team nearly 1,500 man-hours, the team said.
In an exclusive interview with FOXSports.com, Winston said the attack came in April prior to the Texas race.
"We were getting ready to go and on Tuesday afternoon, I was heading up to (Richard Childress Racing) and one of the engineers from the shop called me and said, 'Hey, your computer is doing some odd things and loading quite a few files to Dropbox,' which is what we use to house all our data," said Winston.
New details emerge in the attack on Mike Wallace and his daughter
When he got to RCR, Winston turned on the computer he had with him. "I fired my computer up, and sure enough, the first file I tried to open popped up a screen that said that all my files had been encrypted and I have to pay a ransom to get them back," said Winston.
"First you don't want to believe it, but every file I tried to open had the same thing," said Winston. "You know in this sport, the computers have so much information on them, whether it's track data or wind-tunnel data, engine data, personnel issues, parts issues — all sorts of information."
The hackers demanded that the team pay a ransom within 48 hours or the data would be lost forever. There was no choice but to pay the ransom and no way to track down who launched the attack, said Winston.
"Panic sets in," said Winston. "We're a small team and we're trying to do everything we can and make sure we keep everything straight. Having a history and information to go back to is key."
It was a stunning blow to the squad.
"We made the decision that we would pay it (the ransom) and hope that we would get it (the data) back," said Winston. "We had to learn about bitcoins and all sorts of ways to make the payments because they wanted it anonymous of course."
Once the payment was made, the criminals sent an encryption key that allowed the team to recover their data. And then the team decided to act to prevent future attacks.
After the incident, CSLFR has formed a partnership with Santa Clara, Calif.-based Malwarebytes, which offers malware prevention and remediation solutions.
Now, all the race team's computers carry Malwarebytes Anti-Malware to protect its data.
Unfortunately, what happened to CSLFR is not unique.
"Ransomware has been around for a few years, but during 2015, law enforcement saw an increase in these types of cyber attacks, particularly against organizations because the payoffs are higher," the FBI stated in a report issued in late April.
"And if the first three months of this year are any indication, the number of ransomware incidents — and the ensuing damage they cause — will grow even more in 2016 if individuals and organizations don't prepare for these attacks in advance."
Circle Sport-Leavine Family Racing
Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series
tom-jensen


Tamarindus indica or tamarind tree is native to tropical Africa; the tree grows wild throughout the Sudans, Madagascar and most of tropical Africa. Madagascar is famous for two food products; the vanilla bean and tamarind. Tamarind fruit is very popular in many regions of Africa and the Caribbean. The pulp is sour and is regularly used to create delicious tamarind tea.
Madagascar is famous for two food products the vanilla bean and tamarind. Tamarind is mostly grown wild on the tropical western portion of the island. Tamarind is used as a spice in soups, in desserts or used to make wonderfully sour drinks.
Africa's geography is as diverse as its language. The range of climate and soil conditions in Africa has created a diversity of vegetables, fruits, wild and domesticated animals. Africa rests on both sides of the equator and is the only continent to extend from the northern temperate to southern temperate zones.
The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Suez Canal and the Red Sea to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. Madagascar is the fourth largest island in the world.


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Home › An American Christmas Carol DVD
An American Christmas Carol DVD
Cast: Henry Winkler, David Wayne, Chris Wiggins, R.H. Thompson, Kenneth Pogue, Susan Hogan, Dorian Harewood, Gerard Parkes
Director: Eric Till
Producer: Jerome Coopersmith
Run Time: 96 mins.
Region Code: 1
A Royal Christmas DVD
Moonlight and Mistletoe DVD
The Ultimate Life DVD
An American Christmas Carol
Benedict Slade is a heartless, ruthless finance company president in New England during the Depression Era. His favorite thing to do is repossess the most prized goods of his debtors, and he does it without mercy. When he fires his faithful (and more loving) assistant Thatcher on Christmas Eve he completes his work of shattering Christmas good cheer and joy. That night, alone in his apartment, the wealthy buisnessman is visited by three ghosts-- Christmas Past, Christmas Present, and Christmas Future-- who reveal the hard truths about his life and teach him the real meaning of Christmas. An American Christmas Carol takes a new twentieth century twist on the beloved Christmas story by Charles Dickens. With an all star cast including Henry Winkler and Chris Wiggins, An American Christmas Carol breathes new life into a classic Christmas tale.
A New Twist On A Timeless Tale
Although the film An American Christmas Carol is based on the story "The Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens" it takes a new twist on the old tale. Take the main character Benedict Slade (played by Henry Winkler) for example. Like the miserly Scrooge from the classic story Benedict Slade is known for being a heartless greedy man. Not only is he a miserly, penny pinching, greedy, Christmas crushing shell of a man, but he also takes great pleasure in ruining the Christmas dreams of his debtors-- that is if he does not turn them out of their house. It would be safe to say that Benedict Slade from An American Christmas Carol has more enemies than he has friends. The closest thing Benedict Slade has to a friend is his faithful assistant Thatcher (played by Chris Wiggins). Unlike his heartless boss, Thatcher has a tender side. He may be dependable and faithful to Slade, but he also tries to speak up and help the otherwise miserable debtors of Benedict Slade. In fact, when Thatcher has to travel out into town to repossess items for Benidct Slade, he actually looks somewhat miserable. Benedict Slade puts up with the soft spot in Thatchers heart, until the day of Christmas Eve, when Thatcher asks him if he would consider re-opening a shop to help a the starving family and provide jobs for unemployed workers. That is the last straw for Benedict Slade, and he promptly fires his trustworthy assistant-- even though it is Christmas Eve. Without any concern or thoughts of remorse, Benedict Slade returns home that evening. He is soon visited however by three Christmas spirits-- the ghost of Christmas Past, the ghost of Christmas Present, and the ghost of Christmas Future. Will the lessons the ghosts deliver strike home, or will the cold heart of Benedict Slade remain as frozen and cheerless as ever before?
Valuable Themes
Besides being fun entertainment, the film An American Christmas Carol holds many valuable themes and lessons viewers of all ages can learn from. Without a doubt Benedict Slade is a wonderful role model of what not to do. He is heartless, not compassionate, greedy, cruel, unkind, impatient, and unforgiving. Thankfully, however, he receives consequences for these poor choices and character qualities, and throughout the film viewers can be reminded that these types of attitudes will not get you anywhere in the long run, you will only make others miserable, and ultimately you will make yourself miserable as well. Thatcher's compassion and kind heart are applauded, and viewers can learn courage from his fearless attempt to speak out for those who have no voice in front of his terrifying boss. From the film An American Christmas Carol viewers can learn that kindness, compassion, and generosity will ultimately make you the happiest in life, and that Christmas joy and good cheer cannot be halted no matter what kind of grump or Scrooge or Benedict Slade terrorizes the people.
The Classic A Christmas Carol
The film An American Christmas Carol is based on the classic story A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens. Much like in the film An American Christmas Carol the classic story features a hard hearted, greedy villain (Scrooge) who terrorizes the town and takes advantage of his humble assistant Bob Cratchet whose poverty stricken family includes a tiny crippled boy named Tiny Tim. Scrooge is also visited by three Christmas spirits and ultimately must make the decision whether to stay a cruel man, or become a generous loving individual instead. Charles Dicken's "A Christmas Carol" is set in nineteenth century London, and was partially inspired by some of Dicken's own childhood experiences.
Whether you enjoy the classic story "A Christmas Carol" and are looking for a new twist on the story, or are simply seeking out an enjoyable Christmas film with a message An American Christmas Carol is sure to entertain the entire family. With themes focusing on the importance of generosity and compassion for the poor, as well as kindness and considering the needs of others, An American Christmas Carol is a wonderful reminder to look outside your own life during the Christmas season and help someone in need. The story of Benedict Slade serves as a valuable reminder that sometimes all of us need a reminder to look beyond ourselves and consider how we are effecting the world, and a wonderful encouragement that even the most broken of people can be transformed. The new take on a classic Christmas tale in An American Christmas Carol is sure to entertain the entire family as much as Dicken's beloved story.
An American Christmas Carol has not been rated by the Motion Picture Association of America. This film received the "Family Approved" award for ages twelve and up from the Dove Foundation. As always, it is recommended that parents preview all content to determine what is suitable for their children, but the film An American Christmas Carol is generally considered appropriate for most older audiences.
If you enjoyed this twentieth century twist on the classic Christmas story, perhaps you will enjoy the original story by Charles Dickens in A Christmas Carol.


text:
var AWS = require('../core');
var regionUtil = require('../region_config');

var s3util = {
  /**
   * @api private
   */
  isArnInParam: function isArnInParam(req, paramName) {
    var inputShape = (req.service.api.operations[req.operation] || {}).input || {};
    var inputMembers = inputShape.members || {};
    if (!req.params[paramName] || !inputMembers[paramName]) return false;
    return AWS.util.ARN.validate(req.params[paramName]);
  },

  /**
   * Validate service component from ARN supplied in Bucket parameter
   */
  validateArnService: function validateArnService(req) {
    var parsedArn = req._parsedArn;

    if (parsedArn.service !== 's3'
      && parsedArn.service !== 's3-outposts'
      && parsedArn.service !== 's3-object-lambda') {
      throw AWS.util.error(new Error(), {
        code: 'InvalidARN',
        message: 'expect \'s3\' or \'s3-outposts\' or \'s3-object-lambda\' in ARN service component'
      });
    }
  },

  /**
   * Validate account ID from ARN supplied in Bucket parameter is a valid account
   */
  validateArnAccount: function validateArnAccount(req) {
    var parsedArn = req._parsedArn;

    if (!/[0-9]{12}/.exec(parsedArn.accountId)) {
      throw AWS.util.error(new Error(), {
        code: 'InvalidARN',
        message: 'ARN accountID does not match regex "[0-9]{12}"'
      });
    }
  },

  /**
   * Validate ARN supplied in Bucket parameter is a valid access point ARN
   */
  validateS3AccessPointArn: function validateS3AccessPointArn(req) {
    var parsedArn = req._parsedArn;

    //can be ':' or '/'
    var delimiter = parsedArn.resource['accesspoint'.length];

    if (parsedArn.resource.split(delimiter).length !== 2) {
      throw AWS.util.error(new Error(), {
        code: 'InvalidARN',
        message: 'Access Point ARN should have one resource accesspoint/{accesspointName}'
      });
    }

    var accessPoint = parsedArn.resource.split(delimiter)[1];
    var accessPointPrefix = accessPoint + '-' + parsedArn.accountId;
    if (!s3util.dnsCompatibleBucketName(accessPointPrefix) || accessPointPrefix.match(/\./)) {
      throw AWS.util.error(new Error(), {
        code: 'InvalidARN',
        message: 'Access point resource in ARN is not DNS compatible. Got ' + accessPoint
      });
    }

    //set parsed valid access point
    req._parsedArn.accessPoint = accessPoint;
  },

  /**
   * Validate Outposts ARN supplied in Bucket parameter is a valid outposts ARN
   */
  validateOutpostsArn: function validateOutpostsArn(req) {
    var parsedArn = req._parsedArn;

    if (
      parsedArn.resource.indexOf('outpost:') !== 0 &&
      parsedArn.resource.indexOf('outpost/') !== 0
    ) {
      throw AWS.util.error(new Error(), {
        code: 'InvalidARN',
        message: 'ARN resource should begin with \'outpost/\''
      });
    }

    //can be ':' or '/'
    var delimiter = parsedArn.resource['outpost'.length];
    var outpostId = parsedArn.resource.split(delimiter)[1];
    var dnsHostRegex = new RegExp(/^([a-zA-Z0-9]|[a-zA-Z0-9][a-zA-Z0-9-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9])$/);
    if (!dnsHostRegex.test(outpostId)) {
      throw AWS.util.error(new Error(), {
        code: 'InvalidARN',
        message: 'Outpost resource in ARN is not DNS compatible. Got ' + outpostId
      });
    }
    req._parsedArn.outpostId = outpostId;
  },

  /**
   * Validate Outposts ARN supplied in Bucket parameter is a valid outposts ARN
   */
  validateOutpostsAccessPointArn: function validateOutpostsAccessPointArn(req) {
    var parsedArn = req._parsedArn;

    //can be ':' or '/'
    var delimiter = parsedArn.resource['outpost'.length];

    if (parsedArn.resource.split(delimiter).length !== 4) {
      throw AWS.util.error(new Error(), {
        code: 'InvalidARN',
        message: 'Outposts ARN should have two resources outpost/{outpostId}/accesspoint/{accesspointName}'
      });
    }

    var accessPoint = parsedArn.resource.split(delimiter)[3];
    var accessPointPrefix = accessPoint + '-' + parsedArn.accountId;
    if (!s3util.dnsCompatibleBucketName(accessPointPrefix) || accessPointPrefix.match(/\./)) {
      throw AWS.util.error(new Error(), {
        code: 'InvalidARN',
        message: 'Access point resource in ARN is not DNS compatible. Got ' + accessPoint
      });
    }

    //set parsed valid access point
    req._parsedArn.accessPoint = accessPoint;
  },

  /**
   * Validate region field in ARN supplied in Bucket parameter is a valid region
   */
  validateArnRegion: function validateArnRegion(req, options) {
    if (options === undefined) {
      options = {};
    }

    var useArnRegion = s3util.loadUseArnRegionConfig(req);
    var regionFromArn = req._parsedArn.region;
    var clientRegion = req.service.config.region;
    var useFipsEndpoint = req.service.config.useFipsEndpoint;
    var allowFipsEndpoint = options.allowFipsEndpoint || false;

    if (!regionFromArn) {
      var message = 'ARN region is empty';
      if (req._parsedArn.service === 's3') {
        message = message + '\nYou may want to use multi-regional ARN. The feature is not supported in current SDK. ' +
        'You should consider switching to V3(https://github.com/aws/aws-sdk-js-v3).';
      }
      throw AWS.util.error(new Error(), {
        code: 'InvalidARN',
        message: message
      });
    }

    if (useFipsEndpoint && !allowFipsEndpoint) {
      throw AWS.util.error(new Error(), {
        code: 'InvalidConfiguration',
        message: 'ARN endpoint is not compatible with FIPS region'
      });
    }

    if (regionFromArn.indexOf('fips') >= 0) {
      throw AWS.util.error(new Error(), {
        code: 'InvalidConfiguration',
        message: 'FIPS region not allowed in ARN'
      });
    }

    if (!useArnRegion && regionFromArn !== clientRegion) {
      throw AWS.util.error(new Error(), {
        code: 'InvalidConfiguration',
        message: 'Configured region conflicts with access point region'
      });
    } else if (
      useArnRegion &&
      regionUtil.getEndpointSuffix(regionFromArn) !== regionUtil.getEndpointSuffix(clientRegion)
    ) {
      throw AWS.util.error(new Error(), {
        code: 'InvalidConfiguration',
        message: 'Configured region and access point region not in same partition'
      });
    }

    if (req.service.config.useAccelerateEndpoint) {
      throw AWS.util.error(new Error(), {
        code: 'InvalidConfiguration',
        message: 'useAccelerateEndpoint config is not supported with access point ARN'
      });
    }

    if (req._parsedArn.service === 's3-outposts' && req.service.config.useDualstackEndpoint) {
      throw AWS.util.error(new Error(), {
        code: 'InvalidConfiguration',
        message: 'Dualstack is not supported with outposts access point ARN'
      });
    }
  },

  loadUseArnRegionConfig: function loadUseArnRegionConfig(req) {
    var envName = 'AWS_S3_USE_ARN_REGION';
    var configName = 's3_use_arn_region';
    var useArnRegion = true;
    var originalConfig = req.service._originalConfig || {};
    if (req.service.config.s3UseArnRegion !== undefined) {
      return req.service.config.s3UseArnRegion;
    } else if (originalConfig.s3UseArnRegion !== undefined) {
      useArnRegion = originalConfig.s3UseArnRegion === true;
    } else if (AWS.util.isNode()) {
      //load from environmental variable AWS_USE_ARN_REGION
      if (process.env[envName]) {
        var value = process.env[envName].trim().toLowerCase();
        if (['false', 'true'].indexOf(value) < 0) {
          throw AWS.util.error(new Error(), {
            code: 'InvalidConfiguration',
            message: envName + ' only accepts true or false. Got ' + process.env[envName],
            retryable: false
          });
        }
        useArnRegion = value === 'true';
      } else {  //load from shared config property use_arn_region
        var profiles = {};
        var profile = {};
        try {
          profiles = AWS.util.getProfilesFromSharedConfig(AWS.util.iniLoader);
          profile = profiles[process.env.AWS_PROFILE || AWS.util.defaultProfile];
        } catch (e) {}
        if (profile[configName]) {
          if (['false', 'true'].indexOf(profile[configName].trim().toLowerCase()) < 0) {
            throw AWS.util.error(new Error(), {
              code: 'InvalidConfiguration',
              message: configName + ' only accepts true or false. Got ' + profile[configName],
              retryable: false
            });
          }
          useArnRegion = profile[configName].trim().toLowerCase() === 'true';
        }
      }
    }
    req.service.config.s3UseArnRegion = useArnRegion;
    return useArnRegion;
  },

  /**
   * Validations before URI can be populated
   */
  validatePopulateUriFromArn: function validatePopulateUriFromArn(req) {
    if (req.service._originalConfig && req.service._originalConfig.endpoint) {
      throw AWS.util.error(new Error(), {
        code: 'InvalidConfiguration',
        message: 'Custom endpoint is not compatible with access point ARN'
      });
    }

    if (req.service.config.s3ForcePathStyle) {
      throw AWS.util.error(new Error(), {
        code: 'InvalidConfiguration',
        message: 'Cannot construct path-style endpoint with access point'
      });
    }
  },

  /**
   * Returns true if the bucket name is DNS compatible.  Buckets created
   * outside of the classic region MUST be DNS compatible.
   *
   * @api private
   */
  dnsCompatibleBucketName: function dnsCompatibleBucketName(bucketName) {
    var b = bucketName;
    var domain = new RegExp(/^[a-z0-9][a-z0-9\.\-]{1,61}[a-z0-9]$/);
    var ipAddress = new RegExp(/(\d+\.){3}\d+/);
    var dots = new RegExp(/\.\./);
    return (b.match(domain) && !b.match(ipAddress) && !b.match(dots)) ? true : false;
  },
};

/**
 * @api private
 */
module.exports = s3util;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Background: For over 50 years, SCORE has provided support for thousands of entrepreneurs and small business owners. This specific position is to become a member of a three-person Score TEAM that will advise one local NYC client company.
The clients tend to be privately held firms, often family businesses, and have at least 25 employees and a mid-level management team. Your role will be to use your expertise, along with your Score peers, and guide the company forward.
To apply, you should be an experienced executive with a good understanding of business practices and expertise in a specific area. We match board members with clients depending on the client challenges an the Business Consultant's expertise.
Commitment: After going through a Score orientation program (approx. 15 hours) most of which can be done on-line, you will be matched with a team serving a client who has a need for your expertise.
Occasional meetings with the rest of the Score team (independent of the client).
Ability to establish rapport with successful entrepreneurs and small business leaders.
A real desire to help others succeed.
Compensation: Volunteering at SCORE is one of the ways for you to give back to your community, connect with fellow business leaders, and pass on your knowledge and expertise to the next generation of entrepreneurs in your community.
Participate in life-long learning, growing professionally and personally.


text:
The Hoddle Street massacre was a mass shooting that occurred on the evening of Sunday, 9 August 1987, in Hoddle Street, Clifton Hill, a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, in Australia. The shootings resulted in the deaths of seven people, and serious injury to 19 others. After a police chase lasting more than 30 minutes, 19-year-old former Australian Army officer cadet Julian Knight was caught in nearby Fitzroy North and arrested for the shootings.

Knight was later sentenced to seven concurrent sentences of life imprisonment with a non-parole period of 27 years for what was described by the presiding judge as "one of the bloodiest massacres in Australian history". The Crown prosecutor, Joe Dickson QC, "did not contend that a minimum term should not be fixed". Knight currently resides in the maximum security Port Phillip Prison in Truganina, Victoria near Melbourne and was eligible for parole in 2014. Shortly before Knight became eligible for parole, the Victorian government amended the Corrections Act 1986 (Vic) to prevent the parole board from ordering Knight's release on parole "unless satisfied, amongst other things, that Mr Knight is in imminent danger of dying or is seriously incapacitated and that, as a result, he no longer has the physical ability to do harm to any person".

Background

Knight's father was involved in the military and, as a result, Knight moved around frequently as a child. His lifelong dream was to defend Australia in a war. After a troubled high-school life at Westbourne Grammar School, Knight entered the Royal Military College, Duntroon in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory on 13 January 1987, at the age of 18. While a military career had long been a dream, he lacked self-discipline and performed poorly at his studies and gained good results only in weapons expertise exercises. Knight did not like authority and he hated the social hierarchy of the army which allowed people only a few months older than him to boss him around. One night, despite being confined to the base, Knight was involved in a fight and stabbing at a bar after being confronted by a senior. Knight was consequently discharged and sent back to Melbourne 16 days prior to the massacre. Upon returning to Melbourne, Knight found out that his longtime girlfriend would no longer see him; and his mother, on whom he had always relied, had turned his childhood bedroom into an extra living room. Furthermore, Knight was without money, and had no ability or experience to earn a decent wage.

Events of 9 August 1987
The events of this day were pieced together after investigation by police, along with the help of Knight himself.

Prelude

At 11:30 on Sunday 9 August 1987, Knight, woke up in his temporary bedroom in the front room of his mother's house at number 6 Ramsden Street, Clifton Hill. Between 13:10 and 16:10 on Sunday 9 August 1987, Knight attended a belated birthday party for his mother at his grandmother's house in the Melbourne suburb of Hawthorn. While at the party Knight consumed two cans of regular beer. He left the party in his own car and drove his younger sister home before driving aimlessly around the Clifton Hill area.

At about 16:50, Knight went to see an old girlfriend in Clifton Hill in order to give her a magazine. He only stayed at her flat for about five minutes then he continued to drive aimlessly around the area. Minutes later the gearbox of his car – his only asset – jammed and stuck in second gear. He limped the car home, where he changed clothes and drank another can of beer before walking angrily around to the nearby Royal Hotel, his local pub, at around 17:30. None of Knight's friends were there, so he drank alone from around 17:30. At around 20:50, Knight reportedly began to feel the effects of the beer he'd been drinking and he had a "vision" of soldiers being ambushed. He felt as if it was a "call to arms" and at about 20:55, he rushed from the hotel and ran back to his mother's house.

Preparation
Arriving back at his mother's house a few minutes later, he spoke briefly to his sister when she met him in the hallway outside the front room. He then waited until his sister returned to the rear of the house to watch a movie on TV with their mother, before he ventured upstairs to his mother's bedroom. Stored under her bed were his legally owned and licensed weapons: a .177 calibre Daisy BB air rifle, a .177 calibre Chinese air rifle, a .177 calibre Crosman model 766 air rifle, a .22 calibre Ruger model 10/22 semi-automatic rifle, a 12-gauge Mossberg pump-action shotgun, and a Chinese-made 7.62mm calibre M14 semi-automatic military rifle. Knight retrieved the Ruger rifle, the Mossberg shotgun and the M14 rifle, then he took the Ruger and the Mossberg back downstairs to the front room. He then returned to his mother's room and collected the M14, and a steel ammunition box and a leather shotgun cartridge belt from his mother's wardrobe, before returning to the front room to load the three firearms.

After loading the firearms and stuffing his pockets with around 100 rounds of ammunition, including a "suicide" 7.62mm round which he placed in the front right hand pocket of his jeans, he placed a black combat knife down the back of his jeans. He then slung the M14 over his back and picked up the Mossberg and the Ruger in his right and left hands respectively. Immediately afterwards, at around 21:30, he opened the front door of the house and ran out into Ramsden Street. After running west along Ramsden Street and crossing the nearby railway line, Knight reached the eastern side of the main four-lane arterial road known as Hoddle Street.

Shooting spree

At 21:30, from the nature strip on the east side of the road, Knight commenced firing on passing cars with the Ruger rifle. The first car that Knight opened fire on contained a married couple, Con and Rita Vitkos. Rita received minor wounds and her husband drove on before stopping at a Mobil service station about 150 metres further south down Hoddle Street. Following the Vitkos's was a car containing Michael Anthony and Trevor Smeelie, and a car driven by Gregory Elliott. A bullet struck Elliott's vehicle, narrowly missing his head. Both of these cars were damaged, but none of the occupants were wounded. Following Gregory Elliott's car was a vehicle driven by Alan Jury and containing Monica Vitelli and Dannielle Mina. Jury and Vitelli were both wounded, and they joined the others at the Mobil service station.

Knight fired rapid bursts at each car, and he reloaded with spare 10-round Ruger magazines as he moved north along the nature-strip towards the nearby Clifton Hill railway station. He ensured that he fired on every south and north-bound vehicle as it passed him. The next car he fired on contained Raewyn Crighton, Bernd Micheel and Dianne Arnold, who all escaped injury. The following car was driven by Sand Wang, who received minor wounds. The next car was driven by Diane Fitzpatrick, who received a serious back wound. The next three cars to be shot at contained Michael Pearce and Jacqueline Langosch, Issac Lohman, and Reginald Dutton and Dana Sabolcki respectively, and they all escaped injury.

At around 21:35, Knight ran out of ammunition for the Ruger, so he dropped it on the nature-strip and commenced firing with the Mossberg shotgun. The loud blasts of the shotgun alerted local residents to the shooting and the first calls were made to the Victoria Police's emergency communications centre, D24. The first car to be hit was driven by Sharyn Maunder, who did not receive any injuries and did not realise the front of her car had been hit. The next car to be hit was driven by Vesna Markovska, who received minor wounds, followed by a car driven by her fiancé, Zoran Trajceski, who also received minor wounds. Both Markovska and Trajceski parked their cars by the side of the road and got out to take cover. As they did so, a car driven by Georgina Papaioannou stopped on the opposite side of the street. Knight immediately opened fire on her car, and Papaioannou was slightly wounded. Soon afterwards, a car driven by Jayne Morris, alongside Kay Edwards and Cecilie Corless, drove south through the ambush zone.

Before the end of the night, 6 people were shot dead. An additional 19 other people were wounded.

Police response
Further south down Hoddle Street they flagged down a police divisional van containing Constables Glen Nichols and Belinda Bourchier, and informed them about the shootings. Nichols and Bourchier immediately drove to the scene with their lights and siren on as they radioed D24. Soon after 21:38, they reached the intersection of Hoddle Street and Ramsden Street where they were shot at by Knight. Knight continued to change position as he fired at a procession of four single-occupant cars which, in chronological order, were driven by Mathew Morrow, Edward McShortall, Trevor Robinson and Keith Wing Shing. McShortall received minor wounds, but Wing Shing, who stopped his car opposite Knight, received serious jaw and throat wounds. Knight continued to reload and change position as he continued to fire at the passing cars.

The next car Knight fired at was a car containing Kevin Skinner, his wife Tracey and their son Adam. Tracey was killed instantly by a bullet to the face and Adam, who was on her lap below the window sill, received minor glass wounds. Following this, a local resident, Peter Curmi, and a friend of his, John Muscat, approached the scene from the western side of the street. Knight fired one shot at them which fatally wounded Muscat in the head and chest, and which seriously wounded Curmi. Immediately after this, the attendant at the nearby swimming pool, Steve Wight, ran to their aid and was seriously wounded by Knight's final shotgun blast. It was now 21:39, and numerous police units were rushing to the scene. Knight dropped the empty Mossberg shotgun and took up a prone firing position with his M14 rifle. At this point, Vesna Markovska broke cover from behind her car and made for the footpath on the eastern side of Hoddle Street. As she stepped onto the footpath she was spotted by Knight who fired a shot which seriously wounded her. When she fell back onto the roadway Knight fired two further shots which killed her.

It was now 21:40 and D24 notified the Police Air Wing that one of their Aerospatiale Dauphin police helicopters was needed to assist the police at the scene. Moments later, in a break in the firing, one of the police officers on the western side of Hoddle Street fired a shot at Knight, which missed him by a couple of metres. Immediately following this shot Robert Mitchell, who had driven through the ambush zone unscathed and parked his car further down Hoddle Street, ran up the eastern side of the street in an attempt to render assistance to the fallen Markovska. As he reached her and came to a halt, Knight quickly fired a shot at him which hit him in the right side of the head and killed him instantly.

At 21:41, as three police units took up positions in Mayors Park on the western side of Hoddle Street and other police units took up positions in the surrounding area, Knight opened fire on a car driven by Jacqueline Turner and on Papaioannou as she walked from her car to help Markovska and Mitchell. Turner's car was not hit, but Papaioannou was fatally wounded in the left side as she reached Markovska. Following this, Knight fired on a car driven by John Finn who received minor wounds. The next car Knight shot at was driven by Andrew Hack who was seriously wounded in the left side. Following Hack was a car driven by Dusan Flajnik which Knight fired at. Flajnik was hit in the left side and bled to death in his car. At 21:43, Constable Bourchier requested another ambulance from D24 and nominated the Mobil service station as a safe rendezvous point for ambulances as two more police units arrived there.

The next car to be shot at contained Michael Smith and Jacqueline Megens. Smith received minor wounds while Megens was seriously wounded in the shoulder. As they were fired upon the first two ambulances arrived at the scene; one at the Mobil service station and one at Mayors Park. It was now 21:44, and the next car to be shot at was driven by Steven Mihailidis who escaped unscathed. Immediately afterwards Knight fired at the rider of a motorcycle, Kenneth "Shane" Stanton, who was hit in the left leg and fell onto the roadway. As he lay there Knight shot him a further two times and he eventually died. Soon afterwards, at 21:45, a car containing Dimitrios Collyvas, Renata Coldebella, Danny Coldebella and Danny De Luca, followed Stanton down Hoddle Street. Knight, who was by this time beside the southern end of the Clifton Hill railway station buildings, fired a shot at the front of the car. The car stopped and as it reversed back up the street Knight fired two more shots at it before it crashed into a police car, driven by Constable Dominic Cannizzaro, which had just arrived at the scene.

The first shot that Knight had fired into the car had slightly wounded Renata, and the second shot he fired had seriously wounded Danny Coldebella. As Collyvas's car was reversing a motorcycle being ridden by Wayne Timms and Jayne Timbury, followed by a car containing Alexandra Stamatopoulos, Steven Stamatopoulos, Irene Fountis, Vicki Fountis and Panagioti Fountis, drove into the ambush zone and stopped opposite Collyvas's car. At this point Knight, who was surrounded by at least 40 armed police officers, decided to withdraw from the area and began "hunting" police officers. It was just after 21:45, and he'd expended 40 rounds of .22 calibre bullets, 25 rounds of 12-gauge buckshot and 32 rounds of 7.62mm calibre bullets in the preceding 15 minutes. Five people lay dead, two were fatally wounded and a further 17 had been wounded. In addition to the expended ammunition, Knight had lost his "suicide" bullet and another 7.62mm bullet as he had moved up the nature-strip. Knight had also lost his knife on the nature-strip. He only had his M14 rifle and 17 rounds of ammunition, having discarded the other two firearms.

Police chase
Following his decision to withdraw, Knight turned around and climbed onto the western platform of the Clifton Hill railway station. He ran north along the platform and then continued moving north beside the railway line. He reached a fork in the tracks at around 21:46, and decided to follow the left fork. He spotted a police car in the northern end of Hoddle Street and fired three shots at it. The police car contained Sergeant Graham Larchin and Senior Constable Betty Roberts, who were not injured by the gunfire but who abandoned the car after Knight ceased firing. After firing at Larchin and Roberts's police car Knight moved into a nearby cluster of trees, sat down and smoked a cigarette. Minutes later, police Aerospatiale Dauphin helicopter VH-PVA – call sign "Air 495" – arrived over the Clifton Hill area and began searching for Knight with a powerful searchlight. A minute later D24 ordered the Victoria Police's elite Special Operations Group (SOG) to attend the scene.

Knight finished his cigarette and continued moving in a north-west direction towards Northcote. He crossed over the Merri Creek, which bordered Clifton Hill and Northcote, and took up a position at the end of a road bridge which spanned the creek. Just before 22:00, he fired a shot at a passing police officer, Constable Colin Chambers, who was slightly wounded in the right side. After shooting Chambers, Knight moved back across Merri Creek into the adjoining suburb of Fitzroy North. The police helicopter had found him in its searchlight and was following him. He ran into a line of trees beside the railway line in an attempt to avoid the searchlight, but at 22:05 broke cover onto the railway line, knelt down and fired three shots at the aircraft as it circled over him. The police helicopter, containing Senior Constable Trevor Wilson, Senior Constable Darryl Jones, Constable Keith Stewart, and Ambulance Officer Alan Scott, was hit by the first shot which pierced its right main fuel tank and forced it to make an emergency landing on a nearby sports field.

McKean Street and arrest
Knight continued on into Fitzroy North and headed down McKean Street in an attempt to reach his ex-girlfriend's house. It was now 22:13 and Knight was spotted by two police officers, Constable John Delahunty and Constable Ralph Lockman, who gave chase in their police car. As they bore down on him, Knight ducked into a lane-way, turned around and fired his last ten rounds at the police car as it stopped in the middle of the road facing the lane-way. Delahunty, who was driving the police car, received minor shrapnel wounds to the face and left hand as he and Lockman tumbled out of the car with their revolvers drawn. The police car's headlights were on high beam facing the entrance to the laneway, which was also lit up by a nearby street light. As Delahunty and Lockman took up positions behind their police car and called upon Knight to surrender, Knight squatted down beside a low brick wall and searched his pockets vainly for his "suicide" bullet. When he realised that he had lost it he leaned out into the headlight beams and dropped the empty M14 on the ground. He then slowly stood up with his hands in the air.

When he was fully upright, Delahunty stepped out from behind the rear of the police car and fired a shot at him. Knight was not hit but he ducked back down behind the low brick wall. As Delahunty and Lockman again called on him to surrender he yelled back "Don't shoot! I'm coming out!" He again rose up with his hands in the air before walking out onto the street where he was arrested by Delahunty and Lockman. Numerous other police officers arrived at the arrest scene, and after a short, initially violent, interrogation (by officers wanting to know where his accomplices were), Knight was driven in an unmarked police car to the St Kilda Road Police Complex by Detective Senior Constable Richard McIntosh, Detective Senior Constable Kim Cox and Constable Robert Kovacs. At the St Kilda Road Police Complex Knight was interrogated extensively by McIntosh and Cox, briefly by the then head of the Homicide Squad, Detective Chief Inspector Brendon Cole, then extensively by Homicide Squad detectives Detective Senior Sergeant Brian McCarthy and Detective Senior Constable Graham Kent. Knight also took part in a night-time crime re-enactment and a daytime crime re-enactment, both of which were videoed, and he was interrogated until he was eventually charged with the murder of John Muscat at 12.20pm on Monday 10 August 1987.

Victims
The victims in the massacre.
Fatalities
Tracey Skinner, 23 – shot in face
Johnny "John" Muscat, 26 – shot in face and chest
Vesna Markovska, 24 – minor wounds, shot three times
Robert Mitchell, 27 – shot in right side of the head
Georgina "Gina" Papaioannu, 21 – minor wounds, later shot in the left side
Dusan Flajnik, 53 – shot in the left side, bled to death
Kenneth "Shane" Stanton, 21 – leg injury then shot twice
Injuries/attempts
Con Vitkos – minor wounds
Rita Vitkos – minor wounds
Michael Anthony – uninjured
Trevor Smeelie – uninjured
Gregory Elliott – uninjured
Alan Jury – wounded
Monica Vitelli – wounded
Danielle Mina – uninjured
Raewyn Crighton – uninjured
Bernd Micheel – uninjured
Dianne Arnold – uninjured
Sand Wang – uninjured
Diane Fitzpatrick – serious back injury
Michael Pearce – uninjured
Jacqueline Langosch – uninjured
Issac Lohman – uninjured
Reginald Dutton – uninjured
Dana Sabolcki – uninjured
Sharyn Maunder – uninjured
Zoran Trajceski – minor wounds
Mathew Morrow – uninjured
Edward McShortall – minor wounds
Trevor Robinson – uninjured
Keith Wing Shing – serious jaw and throat wounds
Kevin Skinner – uninjured
Adam Skinner- minor glass injuries
Peter Curmi – seriously wounded
Steve Wight – seriously wounded
John Finn – minor wounds
Andrew Hack – seriously wounded in left side
Michael Smith – minor wounds
Jacqueline Megens – seriously wounded in right shoulder
Steven Mihailidis – uninjured
Dimitrios Collyvas – uninjured
Renata Coldebella – minor wounds
Danny Coldebella – seriously wounded
Danny De Luca – uninjured
Dominic Cannizzaro – uninjured
Graham Larchin – uninjured
Betty Roberts – uninjured
Colin Chambers – slightly injured in right side
Trevor Wilson – uninjured
Daryl Jones – uninjured
Keith Stewart – uninjured
Alan Scott – uninjured
John Delahunty – minor shrapnel wounds to face and left hand
Ralph Lockman – uninjured

Media

The Hoddle Street massacre has been the subject of GTV Channel 9's Hoddle Street (2007). In 2018, the incident was the subject of the 90th episode of the true crime podcast Casefile.

Media attention on the massacre has been cited as a possible motive for a killing spree in Hungerford, UK 10 days later.

See also
Queen Street massacre – a spree shooting in Melbourne in December 1987
Milperra massacre
Port Arthur massacre
List of massacres in Australia
List of disasters in Australia by death toll
List of events named massacres

References

External links
 Hoddle Street Massacre, State Library of Victoria, Ergo
S treetview/map of the shooting's location

Massacres in 1987

Murder in Melbourne
Mass shootings in Australia
1980s in Melbourne
August 1987 events in Australia
1987 murders in Australia
1980s mass shootings in Australia
Massacres in Australia

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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This party package includes: Centerline grille pizza, Pepsi fountain beverages (including Sierra Mist and Pink Lemonade), ice skate rental, admission, and use of our private party room. Paper products are provided but you are welcome to bring in your own themed decorations, tablecloth, plates and napkins. We also allow you to bring in your own cake and ice cream, if desired. Chaperones must be present at all times, with a minimum of 10 people in the party. This package is only $20.00 per skater.
South Metro Sports also offers an opportunity to hire a skating instuctor to run a lesson during your party time. Our instructor fee is $40.00 per instructor for 30 minutes. Lesson arrangements must be made 5 days prior to your party date.
This party package includes: Popcorn, Pepsi beverages (including Sierra Mist and Pink Lemonade) or Tim Hortons Hot Chocolate, skate rental and admission. Paper products are provided but you are welcome to bring in your own themed decorations, tablecloth, plates and napkins. We also allow you to bring in your own cake and ice cream, if desired. Chaperones must be present at all times, with a minimum of 10 people in the party. This package is only $15.00 per skater.
* Parties are held during our Open Public Skate sessions, unless the entire rink is rented. Parties are held in the concessions area overlooking the ice rink or private party room.
This party includes: 2 hours of basketball or volleyball court rental, Centerline Grille pizza, Pepsi fountain beverages and a private party room. Paper products are provided, but you are welcome to bring in your own themed decorations, tablecloth, plates and napkins. We also allow you to bring in your own cake and ice cream, if desired. Chaperones must be present at all times, with a minimum of 10 people in the party. This package is only $15.00 per participant.
South Metro offers special discounts for groups of 10 or more during our Open Public Skate sessions. Please call ahead to receive this discount, 937-886-9160.
Our facility is also available for hosting corporate functions, team building sessions, or off-site meetings. We can handle groups from 10 to 200. Please call for details, 937-886-9160.


text:
\section{Introduction}
\label{intro} In this contribution we summarize the results from our study in Ref. \cite{Cassing:2015owa} that investigates the strangeness enhancement in nucleus-nucleus
collisions \cite{rafelski,stock} or the 'horn' in the $K^+/\pi^+$
ratio \cite{GG99,GGS11}. Previously both phenomena have been addressed to a deconfinement transition. Indeed, the actual
experimental observation could not be described within conventional
hadronic transport theory \cite{Jgeiss,Brat04,Weber} and remained a major
challenge for microscopic approaches.

\pagebreak[4]

\section{Extensions in PHSD3.3}
Our studies are performed within the PHSD transport approach that
has been described in Refs. \cite{PHSD,PHSDrhic}. PHSD incorporates
explicit partonic degrees-of-freedom in terms of strongly
interacting quasiparticles (quarks and gluons) in line with an
equation-of-state from lattice QCD (lQCD) as well as dynamical
hadronization and hadronic elastic and inelastic collisions in the
final reaction phase.

\subsection{Strings in (P)HSD}
We recall that in the PHSD/HSD, the high energy inelastic hadron-hadron
collisions in the hadronic phase are described by the FRITIOF model \cite{FRITIOF}, where
two incoming nucleons emerge the reaction as two excited color
singlet states, i.e. 'strings'. The production probability $P$ of massive $s\bar{s}$ or
$qq\bar{q}\bar{q}$ pairs is suppressed in comparison to light flavor
production ($u\bar{u}$, $d\bar{d}$) according to the Schwinger-like
formula \cite{Schwinger}, i.e.
\begin{equation}
	{P(s\bar{s}) \over P(u\bar{u})} ={P(s\bar{s}) \over P(d\bar{d})} = \gamma_s = \exp\left(-\pi
	{m_s^2-m_q^2\over 2\kappa} \right) ,
	\label{schwinger}
\end{equation}
with $\kappa\approx 0.176$~GeV$^2$ denoting the string tension
and $m_s, m_q=m_u=m_d$ the appropriate (dressed) strange and light quark masses.
Inserting the constituent (dressed) quark masses $m_u \approx 0.33$~GeV
and $m_s \approx 0.5$ GeV in the vacuum a value of $\gamma_s \approx 0.3$ is
obtained from Eq.(1). This ratio is expected to be different in a nuclear medium and actually should depend on the in-medium quark condensate $<\bar{q}q>$.

\subsection{The scalar quark condensate}
As it is well known the scalar quark condensate $<\bar{q}q>$ is viewed as an order
parameter for the restoration of chiral symmetry at high baryon
density and temperature. A reasonable estimate for the quark scalar condensate in dynamical
calculations has been suggested by Friman et al. \cite{Toneev98},
\begin{equation}
	\frac{<\bar{q}q>}{<\bar{q}q>_V} = 1 - \frac{\Sigma_\pi}{f_\pi^2
		m_\pi^2}\rho_S - \sum\limits_h{\sigma_h \rho_S^h \over f_\pi^2
		m_\pi^2}, \label{condens2} \end{equation}
where $\sigma_h$ denotes the $\sigma$-commutator of the relevant mesons $h$ and $\rho_S$ the scalar nucleon density.
Furthermore, $<\bar{q}q>_V$ denotes the vacuum condensate, $\Sigma_\pi \approx$
45 MeV is the pion-nucleon $\Sigma$-term, $f_\pi$ and $m_\pi$ the
pion decay constant and pion mass, respectively.

The basic assumption now is
that the strange and light quark masses in the hadronic medium drop
both in line with the ratio (\ref{condens2}),
\begin{equation}   \label{mss}
	m_s^* = m_s^0 + (m_s^v-m_s^0)\left| \frac{<\bar{q}q>}{<\bar{q}q>_V}
	\right| ,  m_q^* = m_q^0 + (m_q^v-m_q^0) \left| \frac{<\bar{q}q>}{<\bar{q}q>_V}
	\right| ,
\end{equation} using $ m_s^0 \approx$ 100 MeV and $m_q^0 \approx 7$
MeV for the bare quark masses while the vacuum (dressed) masses are
$ m_s^v \approx$ 500 MeV and $m_q^v \approx 330$ MeV, respectively.

\section{Comparison of PHSD3.3 results to A+A data}
\label{sec:3} Incorporating the effective masses (\ref{mss}) into the probability (\ref{schwinger}), we can determine the effects of CSR in the production of hadrons by string fragmentation.
In order to illustrate our findings we show the ratios $K^+/\pi^+$
and $(\Lambda+\Sigma^0)/\pi^-$ at midrapidity from 5\% central A+A
collisions in Fig. \ref{fig6} as a function of the invariant energy
$\sqrt{s_{NN}}$  in comparison to the experimental data available
\cite{exp4}. The solid (red) lines show the results from PHSD
(including CSR) while the dashed (red) line reflects the PHSD
results without CSR. It is clearly seen from Fig. \ref{fig6} that
the results in the conventional scenario (without
incorporating the CSR) clearly
underestimate the ratios at low $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ -- as found earlier
in Refs. \cite{Brat04,Weber} -- while the inclusion of CSR leads to
results significantly closer to the data. Especially, the rise of the
$K^+/\pi^+$ ratio at low invariant energy follows closely the experimental
excitation function when incorporating  'chiral symmetry
restoration'.

\begin{figure}[!h]
		\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{RATIO.eps}
	\caption{The ratios $K^+/\pi^+$ and $(\Lambda+\Sigma^0)/\pi^-$  at midrapidity
		from 5\% central A+A collisions as a function of the invariant
		energy $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$  in comparison to the experimental data from Ref.
		\cite{exp4}. The results from PHSD3.3 (with CSR) are displayed in
		terms of the full lines while the dashed lines show the results without CSR.}
	\label{fig6}
\end{figure}

\section{Conclusions}

When comparing the results from the extended PHSD approach for the
ratios $K^+/\pi^+$ and $(\Lambda+\Sigma^0)/\pi^-$ from the different
scenarios we see in Fig. \ref{fig6} that the results from PHSD
fail to describe the data in
the conventional scenario \cite{Moreau:2015ika} without incorporating the CSR.
Especially, the rise of the $K^+/\pi^+$ ratio at low
invariant energies follows closely the experimental excitation function when
including 'chiral symmetry restoration' in the string decay.
Nevertheless, the drop in this ratio again is due to 'deconfinement'
since there is no longer any hadronic string decay in a partonic
medium at higher energies. Accordingly, the experimental
'horn' in the excitation function is caused by chiral symmetry
restoration but also deconfinement is essential to observe a maximum
in the $K^+/\pi^+$  ratio.

\section*{Acknowledgements}
The authors acknowledge the support by BMBF, HIC for FAIR and the HGS-HIRe for FAIR.
The computational resources were provided by the LOEWE-CSC.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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Fresh was the UK's first dedicated regional programme set up in the North East in 2005 to tackle the worst rates of smoking related illness and death in England.
Smoking is our biggest avoidable killer - more than alcohol, accidents, suicide, illegal drugs and diabetes combined and a massive drain on the NHS and economy. The source of this is the tobacco industry which sells and promotes an addictive product.
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Smoking prevalence hits record low
NEW figures published today show a new historic low for smoking in the North East – with smoking rates having nearly halved since 2005.
Smoking prevalence among adults in the North East fell from 17.2% in 2016 to 16.2% in 2017 according to the Annual Population Survey from the ONS.
The fall is nearly twice the national average since 2016 and also means smoking rates have fallen by over 44% since 2005 when 29% of North East adults smoked – around a quarter of a million fewer smokers.
Fresh is now urging smokers who have struggled to quit before to try to stop at least once a year and take heart from the hundreds of thousands of other people who have stopped for good.
It also comes at a time when NHS trusts nationwide are being urged by organisations such as the Royal College of Physicians, Public Health England and NHS England to support all patients to quit.
Ailsa Rutter OBE, Director of Fresh, said: "It is very encouraging to see the North East is still making faster progress to reduce smoking, and we have narrowed the gap on other areas such as the South East.
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"As smoking among adults has fallen, we have also seen fewer children start in the first place. The North East has set a vision of 5% of people smoking by 2025 and we can make it happen."
Amanda Healy, Director of Public Health for County Durham and Chair of the North East Network of Directors of Public Health, said: "Much credit goes to local authorities across the North East for prioritising efforts to reduce smoking.
"What will make an additional impact now is for all our hospitals and primary care to complement this work by raising smoking at every opportunity and supporting patients to quit. That brings benefits not just to patients but to our whole NHS.
Claire Sullivan, Deputy Director for Health, Wellbeing and Workforce, Public Health England North East, said: "We know that tobacco is the biggest preventable cause of premature death in the UK, and reducing smoking rates remains a key priority for Public Health England.
"The North East's progress around smoking over recent years demonstrates how we can make a real difference to people's lives by working together. "
Last month the Royal College of Physicians called for a significant change in the way the NHS treats smoking – ensuring all smokers are provided with support to quit from the moment they are admitted.
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text:
Home News Self Publishing Works If You Bring Your Own Audience
Self Publishing Works If You Bring Your Own Audience
WSJ:
Self-publishing these days is increasingly a tale of two cities.
There are established authors, like Nyree Belleville, who says she's earned half a million dollars in the past 18 months selling direct rather than through a publisher..
Then there are new authors, like Eve Yohalem. More than a month after self-publishing, she has grossed about $100 in sales— after incurring costs of $3,400. She said she's in no rush, though.
Vanity presses have been available for decades. But thanks to digital technology and particularly the emergence of e-books, the number of self-published titles exploded 160% to 133,036 in 2010 from 51,237 in 2006, estimates R. R. Bowker, which tracks the publishing business.
The take away: if you have a following you can make money publishing books. If you don't, you won't.
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The 11th of Nisan is the anniversary of, (See Haftarah for First Day Pesach- "Transition"): "At that time God said to Joshua, 'Make flint knives and circumcise the Israelites again.' So Joshua made flint knives and circumcised the Israelites at Gibeath Haaraloth.
Now this is why he did so: All those who came out of Egypt—all the men of military age—died in the wilderness on the way after leaving Egypt. All the people that came out had been circumcised, but all the people born in the wilderness during the journey from Egypt had not. The Israelites had moved about in the wilderness forty years until all the men who were of military age when they left Egypt had died, since they had not obeyed God. For God had sworn to them that they would not see the land he had solemnly promised their ancestors to give us, a land flowing with milk and honey. So he raised up their sons in their place, and these were the ones Joshua circumcised. They were still uncircumcised because they had not been circumcised on the way. And after the whole nation had been circumcised, they remained where they were in camp until they were healed.
When we combine the two ideas, we find that every Hallel is a continuation of the first Hallel, which Israel sang as they offered the Pesach Offering in Egypt!


I almost hate to admit this, but I´ve never read a Harry Potter book and I´ve seen only one Harry Potter movie. I recentrly learned that I have really missed something. While we were visiting scotland and England over the Christmas and New Year´s holidays we toured the Warner Brothers Studio where the movies were made.


I think by now, you're all kind of aware how much I love my little cat Poppy! If you follow me on Instagram you would of seen one or two photos of my Popsybubble, Haha.
Unlike humans, sneezing in cats and probably dogs too, isn't really the norm. I started to Google her symptoms and cat-flu kept on coming up.
Very worried, I read further and she's not showing all the symptoms, but she does have 'gunky' eyes, not streaming, but they're irritating her slightly. Distressingly, if it is cat-flu, according to the internet there isn't any real cure. Bad news.
Luckily though she does seem better today. I've only counted one sneeze and her eyes are looking clearer. Fingers crossed whatever it is, it will 'by pass' her quickly.
Couldn't bare it if there was anything seriously wrong with her!


Eidos-Montréal is one of the top developers in the gaming industry, and their recent update to their vision statement is definitely interesting.
Eidos-Montréal's most famous franchises are Deus Ex and the new Tomb Raider. The updated vision statement from Studio Head David Anfossi reflects the new studio's direction towards emphasizing online experiences in the studio's future titles.
On the tech side, we're working to empower our content creators and promote an iterative game creation process. To achieve this, we've created an engineering strategy that greatly encourages communication between team members, allowing us to efficiently design, implement, and test our game architecture.
We're also structuring the DAWN engine, our proprietary technology, to interface with modern online solutions, which gives us the ability to take advantage of existing technologies. All of these efforts unify our teams towards one single goal, that being to deliver the best online gaming experience to our players.
What do you think of Eidos-Montréal's new direction? Will this benefit or harm the studio's future titles?


on those words and ate them.
President-elect Trump did everything wrong from a communications standpoint. He frequently veered off message. He consistently took the Clinton bait and kept a controversial story alive for days after it should have died from inattention. He lacked the get-out-the-vote structure every campaign needs to win.
A number of factors were in play, starting with yes, Clinton really was that weak a candidate. She is no Bill Clinton and no Barack Obama. She fails to inspire. Breaking the glass ceiling was not enough of a reason for Democrats—who have to be REALLY inspired to make the effort to vote—to strike a ballot for the team. Clinton stood for the status quo. Few are inspired by the status quo, particularly during the longest recovery in U.S. history peppered by ever-rising health insurance premiums and deductibles.
Clinton also took voters in Michigan and Wisconsin for granted—another usually fatal mistake. Never make your friends feel like stepchildren, especially when those friends are in a world of economic hurt. Trump's six trips to Michigan stood out precisely because no one expected him to win there, but it showed he cared for their plight. Clinton's last-minute visits were too little, too late.
So Trump pulled it off. Possibly he is the only one who could have because I believe the rule still applies to us mere mortals: "Being disciplined doesn't guarantee success. But being undisciplined guarantees failure." He overcame that by not standing for the status quo, by not taking voters for granted, and by being weirdly disciplined in the final weeks.
With digested words, I congratulate you, President-elect Trump. I wish you and my country well.


text:
Importance of government policies and other influences in transforming global diets.
Nutr Rev. 2014 Sep; 72(9):591-604.NR
The Second International Conference on Nutrition, organized by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the World Health Organization, will take place in November 2014. In 1992, the First International Conference on Nutrition declared, "Hunger and malnutrition are unacceptable." Twenty-two years later, it is timely to revisit the state of global nutrition and examine the forces that have brought change to diets worldwide. Calorie availability has increased throughout the world, even in the least-developed countries, where per capita availability has grown by 10%. As a consequence, the proportion of undernourished people has fallen, yet obesity has emerged as a major public health concern, primarily in developed countries but also among the growing middle classes in middle- and low-income countries. Globally, the nutrition transition has been affected by increased intakes of livestock products, processed foods, and fast foods. These changes are most readily explained by economic growth, urbanization, and globalization. International trade and liberalization of investment have been the key policy drivers of dietary change.
academic.oup.com
onlinelibrary.wiley.com
Traill WB
Department of Food Economics and Marketing, University of Reading, Reading, UK.
Mazzocchi M
Shankar B
Hallam D
AgricultureDeveloping CountriesDietEnergy IntakeFood SupplyGlobal HealthHumansMalnutritionNutrition PolicyNutritional StatusObesityPovertyPublic Health
Traill, W Bruce, et al. "Importance of Government Policies and Other Influences in Transforming Global Diets." Nutrition Reviews, vol. 72, no. 9, 2014, pp. 591-604.
Traill WB, Mazzocchi M, Shankar B, et al. Importance of government policies and other influences in transforming global diets. Nutr Rev. 2014;72(9):591-604.
Traill, W. B., Mazzocchi, M., Shankar, B., & Hallam, D. (2014). Importance of government policies and other influences in transforming global diets. Nutrition Reviews, 72(9), 591-604. https://doi.org/10.1111/nure.12134
Traill WB, et al. Importance of Government Policies and Other Influences in Transforming Global Diets. Nutr Rev. 2014;72(9):591-604. PubMed PMID: 25110040.
TY - JOUR T1 - Importance of government policies and other influences in transforming global diets. AU - Traill,W Bruce, AU - Mazzocchi,Mario, AU - Shankar,Bhavani, AU - Hallam,David, Y1 - 2014/08/08/ PY - 2014/8/12/entrez PY - 2014/8/12/pubmed PY - 2014/11/6/medline KW - diet KW - food KW - globalization KW - policy SP - 591 EP - 604 JF - Nutrition reviews JO - Nutr Rev VL - 72 IS - 9 N2 - The Second International Conference on Nutrition, organized by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the World Health Organization, will take place in November 2014. In 1992, the First International Conference on Nutrition declared, "Hunger and malnutrition are unacceptable." Twenty-two years later, it is timely to revisit the state of global nutrition and examine the forces that have brought change to diets worldwide. Calorie availability has increased throughout the world, even in the least-developed countries, where per capita availability has grown by 10%. As a consequence, the proportion of undernourished people has fallen, yet obesity has emerged as a major public health concern, primarily in developed countries but also among the growing middle classes in middle- and low-income countries. Globally, the nutrition transition has been affected by increased intakes of livestock products, processed foods, and fast foods. These changes are most readily explained by economic growth, urbanization, and globalization. International trade and liberalization of investment have been the key policy drivers of dietary change. SN - 1753-4887 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/25110040/Importance_of_government_policies_and_other_influences_in_transforming_global_diets_ L2 - https://academic.oup.com/nutritionreviews/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/nure.12134 DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -
Grapherence [↓11]
Energy Intake
Nutrition Policy
The Second International Conference on Nutrition: Implications for Hidden Hunger.
Globalization of food systems in developing countries: impact on food security and nutrition.
Towards better nutrition: lip service or a realistic fight?
Where is Nepal in the nutrition transition?
Food systems: Nourish as well as feed the world.
Achieving the goal of halving global hunger by 2015.
The double burden of malnutrition. Case studies from six developing countries.
Food insecurity, hunger and malnutrition: necessary policy and technology changes.
Food security in a world without borders.
Uneven dietary development: linking the policies and processes of globalization with the nutrition transition, obesity and diet-related chronic diseases.