text:
Today's bet is on luge phenom Summer Britcher
Progression in sport isn't always linear, and that's frustrating for anyone albeit a world-class athlete. Britcher, a 27-year-old heading into her third Olympic games, struggled to find motivation for Beijing after falling short of medal expectations in Sochi.
Four years ago, she placed 19th in the single's luge competition — that's four spots worse than when she finished 15th as the youngest American on the roster at age 19 in 2014. Her American team also finished fourth in the relay, just shy of the podium.
"Over the following few years, the guilt of competing with zero motivation was one of the most unexpected and confusing challenges I've had to overcome," Britcher said, according to the Olympics.
"I was convinced that being driven and motivated was a requirement of athletic success and fulfilment, to the point that even when I was on the podium, or finished 3rd in the World Cup Overall in 2019, I felt hollow and empty. I've learned that motivation and passion is not an infinite resource."
In Beijing, Britcher is going in with a totally different approach.
"Ultimately I had to restructure how I thought about sport and competing," Britcher said. "I had to learn that it's okay for me to take up space as an athlete who doesn't fit the mold of motivation and enthusiasm that is expected."
With that weight off her shoulders, Britcher could be in for her most successful bid yet. Win or lose, we'll be cheering for her to perform her best at the biggest stage. This is Summer's time to live in the moment, doing what she loves most!
To win Bet on Women prizes:
Click on the image above!
Retweet it on Twitter!
Follow @GamingSociety on Twitter!
Wait for Summer to crush it!
Learn more about our Bet on Women Campaign here.
Why we're betting on Summer Britcher
1. Because we want to live in Summer's America!Hell yes, everyone take out your Nintendo Switch when it's Summer's turn to luge.
2. Because Summer understands the importance of quality leadership.We've got a Swiftie at the Olympics, y'all!
3. Because she can grow one (1) vegetable.Literally just tomatoes. "Mostly I'm just growing tomatoes, I'm really good at growing them and just really bad at growing everything else," Britcher said. "So that's what I stick with."Know your limits, legend.
4. Because her Twitter bio proves she's good with words.(you sure do, Summer)
5. Because Summer Britcher is an athlete for the people.Queen of Cheez Itz!
CATEGORY BET ON WOMENCATEGORY OLYMPICS


This poem takes me back to my younger days and a girl I was madly in love with In the end I allowed her to burn me twice and break my heart twice. After the second time I fell into a deep depression that took me about a year to overcome. Your poem is moving emotionally and spiritually. Once one decides to move on and not look back life heats much better because you realize that you don't need that type of person in your life, they just keep you down and you deserve better.
Teary-eyed beautiful. How the heart longs for one who has left, so many sentiments . . .


The SGT-800 industrial gas turbine has a 15 stage compressor, with the first three stages equipped with variable guide vanes. The annular combustor has 30 dual fuel DLE (Dry Low Emissions) burners. The turbine has three stages, and the rotor speed is 6600 rpm. The core design is the same for 50 and 60 Hz applications.
Upgrading the performance of gas turbines has been common since the first gas turbines were introduced more than a hundred years ago. Often turbines were introduced with relatively conservative outputs and efficiencies followed by uprates, after that operational experience had been gathered. Many performance improvements could then follow the first.
Siemens recently introduced a new uprate of its SGT-800 industrial gas turbine. The turbine has been on the market for 20 years, during which time Siemens said numerous steps have been taken to improve performance while still maintaining the unit's high operational reliability. The recent upgrading is the seventh since the launch in 1997, giving the unit an output of 57MW and a simple cycle efficiency of more than 40%. Over the more than seven million accumulated operating hours, a reliability of around 99.5% has been achieved for the fleet.
"Product development in small steps, a progressive evolution, gives the advantage of fine-tuning the design based on available operating experience," said Mats Blomstedt, technical manager, Product Positioning, Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery, Sweden.
The first SGT-800s was rated 43 MW and throughout the years the power rating has increased by some 35%. The original SGT-800 gas turbines and the first two upgrades are called the A-platform by Siemens; the last five upgrades make up the B-platform. Both output and efficiency have been increased at each performance step.
In 2011, with the B-platform, the next compressor generation was released with increased air flow capacity and increased efficiency, but with the air flow path remaining unchanged.
When an updated design or a service schedule is released by Siemens to the market, older versions of the SGT-800 are always considered. This is made by launching service products, where the latest design of components may be implemented on the existing fleet as well. This gives existing customers the opportunity to implement upgrades, when a planned inspection is performed. The latest such performance upgrade released by Siemens for the A-platform offers an 11% output increase.
The development of the initial version of the SGT-800 was started in 1995 and introduced to the market in 1997. It is a single shaft gas turbine for power and heat generation, where the performance/efficiency has been optimized for combined cycle applications. Over the 20 years that the unit has been on the market, more than 350 units have been sold to all continents.
The evolution of the SGT-800 is based on four cornerstones, each of which contributes to the enhancement of the design. The first mentioned by the company is the prototype testing. Here, a number of tests are performed to full load and speed in the test stand providing clear views of the design boundary conditions.
Secondly the operating experience gained from long operation at sites has been essential. Over the years since the introduction, more than 200 hot section and compressor inspections and overhauls have been performed. More than 300 borescope inspections of the SGT-800 fleet have also been carried out.
The SGT-800 industrial gas turbine is manufactured by Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery, Finspong, Sweden. The workshops are extremely modern and clean, which is one important factor behind achieving high quality products.
The third point is that over the 20 years since the introduction of the gas turbine, the software technology & computational power and model updates and calibration have developed together with the calculation capacity of the computers. This gives more accurate results of the calculations. To make well-founded conclusions, it is also necessary to have the right input data and boundary conditions. Here the operating experience and actual feedback makes it possible to calibrate the models.
And lastly, the manufacturing procedures are developing as well as components and materials and their properties give further opportunities to optimize the design of the components. Examples are 3D-printed components, and new alloys with better resistances to oxidation, creep, corrosion and low cycle fatigue.
The combustion system in the SGT-800 is referred to as the 3rd generation dry low emission (DLE) system, which is used also in the Siemens SGT-600 and SGT-700 gas turbines, providing significant fleet experience gained from various operation regimes. Both the experience gained at different sites and engine validation load testing runs are fed back into the design. One result of this is expanding the approved fuel specification as well as further reduction of emission levels. When first introduced to the market in 1997, 25 ppm NOx emissions for gas operation was offered. Today, related to tuning of both the hardware and the software, a level of 15 ppm NOx can be guaranteed. In certain cases even 9 ppm NOx can be offered including the latest knowledge and development efforts. On liquid fuel operation 42 ppm NOx emissions is most commonly offered, but 25 ppm NOx can also be guaranteed. Also, the CO emissions of 5 ppm is low and competitive, said the company.
Throughout the years the SGT-800 has used the same type of DLE-burner. Emission levels have normally been manually tuned at commissioning with a certain margin to combustion dynamics. In 2017 an automatic control was introduced, where feedback signals from dynamic pressure measurement are utilized for the burner control software to minimize the emissions.
The world today has a strong focus on the environment, and there is clearly an interest in how various fuels are used for production of electricity, and for transport of goods and people. Like many other manufacturers Siemens is putting a great deal of effort in making smarter use of fuels to make operation as clean as possible. The fuel specification for the SGT-800 standard design incorporates heavier hydrocarbons and inert gases; examples are methane, ethane and propane. By adopting the latest additive manufacturing methods like 3D-printing, the burners can be optimized for high reactive fuels.
One of the key requirements of customers and operators of gas turbines is high availability and reliability of the equipment. In 2010 the standard maintenance periodicity for B-inspections (or hot gas path inspections) for the SGT-800 was extended from 20 000 Equivalent Operating Hour (EOH) to 30 000 EOH. This has since then been the basis for maintenance planning.
In 2017 a "Tailored Maintenance Program" was released. Algorithms have been developed for different SGT-800 configurations of components, where consumed and remaining life of each component can be established based on ambient conditions, load and other operating factors.
We asked Siemens how they view the emerging 3rd party services on gas turbines, like currently on the SGT-800.
"Competition drives ingenuity and as long as all respect the proprietary copyrights of others, it's good," said Christian Svedung, director, Product Positioning, Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery, Sweden. "Our SGT-800 customers tell us they appreciate the unit's high reliability and predictable maintenance costs. We can provide them with not only an excellent product but also a combination of service excellence and domain knowledge. That, combined with the experience we can derive from fleet data coming from all types of operating conditions, gives us a distinct advantage.


The early years of the Victorian period are described as romantic and sentimental by reflecting the youth, courtship and marriage of the young Queen Victoria. Jewelry from this era also features designs etched into gold including lockets and brooches.
The Art Nouveau movement was a short-lived yet dramatically recognizable period. It produced some of the most sought-after collectibles in the world. Art Nouveau jewelry features lines that are flowing, curving, rippling and dynamic.
Art Deco jewelry depicts the modern age. Designs are streamlined, geometric, symmetric, and highly stylized. Diamonds were very popular during this time and were often used with rubies, sapphires and emeralds.


text:
If I Am Pregnant, Can I Still Get a COVID-19 Vaccine?
Yes, you can. According to the CDC faq section, if you are pregnant, you may choose to be vaccinated when it's available to you. There is currently no evidence that antibodies formed from COVID-19 vaccination cause any problem with pregnancy, including the development of the placenta.
People who are trying to become pregnant now or who plan to try in the future may receive the COVID-19 vaccine when it becomes available to them. There is no evidence that fertility problems are a side effect of any vaccine, including COVID-19 vaccines. There is no routine recommendation for taking a pregnancy test before you get a COVID-19 vaccine.
If you have questions about getting vaccinated, talking with a healthcare provider may might help you make an informed decision. Learn more at vaccination considerations for people who are pregnant or breastfeeding.
When Will the Vaccine Be Available to Me?
Because the supply of COVID-19 vaccine in the United States is currently limited, CDC is providing recommendations to federal, state, and local governments about who should be vaccinated first. CDC's recommendations are based on those of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), an independent panel of medical and public health experts. Each state has its own plan [...]
How Long Does Protection from a COVID-19 Vaccine Last?
What Are the Ingredients in COVID-19 Vaccines?
How Many Shots of COVID-19 Vaccine Will Be Needed?
If I Have an Underlying Condition, Can I Get a COVID-19 Vaccine?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
La Coevolución o evolución concertada entre especies es un concepto de la biología por el que se designa al fenómeno de adaptación evolutiva mutua producida entre dos o varias especies (coevolución interespecífica) de seres vivos como resultado de su influencia recíproca por relaciones como la simbiosis, el parasitismo, la competencia, la polinización, el mimetismo o las interacciones entre presa y depredador. La idea científica data del .

Según la coevolución interespecífica, los cambios evolutivos de una especie resultan en una presión sobre el proceso de selección de las otras especies cuyo resultado retorna a su vez en un proceso de contra-adaptación adquirida que influye en el devenir evolutivo de la primera especie.

En un sentido algo diferente, que se afirma a comienzos del , el término coevolución también se refiere a la modificación recíproca que dentro de los organismos de una misma especie (coevolución intraespecífica) se causan entre sí sus diferentes sistemas y aparatos (o conjunto de órganos) anatómicos o fisiológicos, a lo largo de la evolución de dicha especie. Ello proviene de que los elementos, que se combinarán posibilitando nuevas adaptaciones, no se establecen todos de manera simultánea. Así, la adquisición o disposición inicial de un sistema o aparato modificado pasa a influir sobre los otros ya presentes en el organismo, todos los cuales evolucionarán en conjunto posibilitando nuevas adaptaciones, y el proceso que consiste en esta mutua influencia es asimismo conceptuado coevolución. Por ejemplo, la disposición de aparatos para el vuelo coevoluciona con la de los aparatos de los sentidos para sobrevivir en nichos donde su combinación modifica a ambos y se adapta para localizar algún tipo de presa desde la altura.

Teoría

El concepto de coevolución interespecífica fue definido por el investigador Daniel Janzen en 1980 como aquel proceso por el cual dos o más organismos ejercen presión de selección mutua y sincrónica, en tiempo geológico, que resulta en adaptaciones específicas recíprocas.

La evolución en respuesta a factores abióticos, tales como el clima no son procesos de coevolutivos ya que no son factores vivientes sujetos a la evolución biológica. En cambio la coevolución trata de procesos como las interacciones entre el predador y su presa, el parásito y su huésped, la flor y el polinizador, el árbol y la micorriza; etc. En muchos casos la coevolución tiene lugar entre una compleja red de especies que influyen unas a otras. En ese caso se habla de "coevolución difusa"; posiblemente este es el tipo de coevolución más común.

Leigh Van Valen desarrolló el concepto de coevolución llamado Hipótesis de la Reina Roja, en referencia al libro de Lewis Carroll (Charles Lutwidge Dodgson), A través del espejo y lo que Alicia encontró allí, capítulo 2: El jardín de las flores vivas (1872), que es una saga del libro Alicia en el país de las maravillas en que la Reina Roja dice: "It takes all the running you can do, to keep in the same place." Se necesita correr a toda velocidad para quedar en el mismo lugar. El principio de la Reina Roja se puede expresar así en términos evolutivos:
"Para un sistema evolutivo, la mejora continua es necesaria para sólo mantener su ajuste a los sistemas con los que está coevolucionando".

El conocimiento de la coevolución está siendo foco de atención para el apoyo de investigaciones en epidemiología médica, patología botánica y control biológico.

Thompson en 1982 indicó que la radiación adaptativa y la coevolución de las especies son dos de los principales procesos de la organización de la diversidad biológica. Sin embargo, las formas en que los procesos de coevolución pueden influir en la especiación y la radiación son algunos de los aspectos menos comprendidos del cambio evolutivo recíproco (Lunau 2004).  Ya para el año  de 1994 el mismo Thompson explicaba que los procesos coevolutivos demandan y producen algún grado de especialización dentro de comunidades biológicas.  Además definía la coevolución como el cambio evolutivo reciproco en especies interactuantes (Lunau 2004).

La coevolución entre plantas e insectos es un fenómeno relativamente frecuente, en parte debido a la enorme diversidad de especies de ambos grupos. A menudo es difusa, lo que resulta de la variabilidad y la radiación, y se presume que da lugar a relaciones inestables. Las relaciones coevolutivas se producen principalmente entre las plantas y los insectos herbívoros y entre las plantas y los insectos polinizadores (Whitney 2001).

El biólogo francés, Thierry Lodé, recalca la importancia del conflicto sexual en la evolución que según él lleva a una coevolución antagonista.

En la coevolución difusa existen tres condiciones derivadas de la teoría estándar de la genética cuantitativa. Específicamente, si el contexto de la comunidad altera (1) los gradientes de selección sobre los rasgos coevolutivos, (2) los gradientes de selección sobre rasgos correlacionados genéticamente, o (3), la matriz de covarianza y varianza genética de rasgos coevolutivos, luego la coevolución será difusa (Haloin et al. 2008; 2001; 2010; 2003).  La coevolución difusa permite a las plantas con flores interactuar con diferentes polinizadores en diferentes regiones geográficas, y puede facilitar el modelamiento geográfico de coadaptaciones debido a la especialización local y cambios locales de polinizadores o plantas de comida (Lunau 2004).

Tipos de coevolución

Se han identificado varios tipos de coevolución según el autor. Una de las más aceptadas es la de Thompson (1989, 1994) descrita por Herrera y Pellmyr (2006).

La primera es la coevolución gen por gen en la cual los casos son muy específicos y en donde se seleccionan genes mutuamente que definen las relaciones entre las dos especies.

La segunda en la coevolución específica, en donde las especies tienen un rasgo especial adaptado para vivir con otras especies, combinado con rasgos recíprocos de especies cohabitantes sin ninguna evidencia basada genéticamente para dichos rasgos.

La tercera es la coevolución gremial, en la cual un grupo de especies actúa como un gremio; los miembros interactúan con un grupo de otras especies, resultando en un amplio conjunto de rasgos mutuamente adaptados inducidos por cada grupo de especies.

La cuarta es la coevolución diversificante en la cual las interacciones altamente específicas resultan en un aislamiento reproductivo y en especiación, produciendo algunas veces amplios taxa de especies interactuantes asociadas.

La quinta es la coevolución de escape y radiación de la cual hacían mención Ehrlich y Raven en 1964; y que manifiesta que una planta escapa del ataque de un grupo de herbívoros cuando una mutación produce una novedosa defensa química; esto es seguido por la evolución del herbívoro adaptándose y soportando la nueva defensa química de la planta, ocasionando una radiación de especies para ambos grupos, tanto para las plantas como para los herbívoros.

Mutualismo

En las relaciones mutualistas dos o más especies evolucionan hacia un beneficio mutuo. Existen relaciones mutualistas de muchos tipos diferentes. La Hipótesis del Rey Rojo y la Hipótesis de la Reina Negra abordan estas interacciones positivas ya que también favorecen la adecuación de poblaciones mediante una evolución lenta y a largo plazo. En la construcción de nichos y en el ensamble de comunidades la coevolución de especies es un fenómeno recurrente.

Flores y polinizadores

Las flores aparecieron y se diversificaron en forma relativamente repentina, creando lo que Charles Darwin describió como un misterio abominable. Su explicación de tal acelerada evolución era que se trataba de coevolución. Presentó el concepto de coevolución por primera vez en su libro On the Origin of Species y lo desarrolló en Fertilisation of Orchids (1862).

Insectos y flores entomófilas

Las plantas polinizadas por insectos o entomófilas están visiblemente coadaptadas con los insectos para asegurar su polinización y a su vez los compensan con néctar y polen. Los insectos, por su parte, presentan adaptaciones que les permiten coleccionar estos recursos florales eficientemente. Los dos grupos llevan 100 millones de años coevolucionando, creando una compleja red de interacciones. O bien coevolucionaron juntos desde el principio o desarrollaron tales relaciones más tarde, llegando a esta relación con algunas preadaptaciones y desarrollando otras nuevas. Los primeros en usar el término coevolución fueron Paul R. Ehrlich y Peter H. Raven en 1964 para describir las interacciones entre plantas y mariposas.

Muchos insectos de varios taxones han desarrollado exitosamente estas coadaptaciones con las flores desde el período Cretácico (hace 145 a 65 millones de años). Entre ellos están Hymenoptera (abejas y avispas), Lepidoptera (mariposas y polillas), Diptera (moscas y mosquitos) y Coleoptera (escarabajos). Las abejas, los polinizadores más importantes, aparecieron en el cretáceo temprano. También Lepidoptera se diversificó simultáneamnete con las plantas de flores. Todos los clados mayores de abejas aparecieron originalmente en el cretáceo medio y tardío, simultáneamente con la radiación adaptativa de las plantas eudicotas (tres quartos de las angiospermas), en una época en que las angiospermas se convirtieron en las plantas dominantes en la tierra.

Por lo menos tres aspectos de las flores parecen haber coevolucionado con los insectos polinizadores porque incluyen comunicación entre estos organismos. Primero, las flores se comunican con los insectos por el olor; los insectos usan ese aroma para calcular la distancia a la flor, para acercarse y para decidir donde aterrizar y encontrar el alimento. Segundo, las flores presentan diseños que guían al insecto hasta la recompensa de néctar y polen. También poseen colores como el amarillo, azul y ultravioleta que son visibles para los ojos de los insectos. En contraste, las flores polinizadas por aves tienden a ser rojas o anaranjadas. Tercero, ciertas flores, como las orquídeas del género Ophrys imitan el aspecto de las hembras de ciertos insectos engañando a los machos que intentan copular con las flores, efectuando así la polinización.

Las flores de las yucas, Yucca spp, son polinizadas exclusivamente por las polillas Tegeticula spp., que a su vez dependen de la yuca para su reproducción. La oruga de la polilla se alimenta de las semillas de la planta. La hembra colecciona polen de una flor. A continuación, inserta sus huevos por medio del ovipositor en el ovario de otras flores. Después deposita polen en el estigma de la flor y así asegura el alimento para la larva. La planta se beneficia cuando los óvulos remanentes se transforman en semillas.

Higo y avispas de los higos. El género Ficus cuenta con 880 especies de enredaderas, arbustos y árboles, incluyendo al higo cultivado. El fruto es un sicono en cuyo interior se encuentran las flores femeninas y masculinas. Cada especie de higo tiene su propia especie de avispa de los higos que lo poliniza. Se trata de una estrecha relación mutualista que ha coevolucionado y persiste en todo el género.

Aves y flores ornitófilas

Los picaflores, pájaros sol y algunas otras aves han desarrollado una relación mutualista con las flores. Éstas proporcionan néctar con una concentración de azúcares adecuado a las necesidades dietéticas de las aves, sus colores son adecuados a la visión de ellas y su forma está bien adaptada al tamaño y forma de sus picos. Su época de floración coincide con la época de empolle de las aves. Las características florales de las plantas ornitofílicas varían mucho entre ellas cuando comparadas con flores relacionadas que son polinizadas por insectos. Estas flores también tienden a ser más vistosas, coloridas y de forma más compleja que sus parientes polinizados por insectos. Se considera que tales flores originariamente habían coevolucionado con insectos polinizadores y después divergieron al coadaptarse con aves. No hay suficiente evidencia científica para comprobar un proceso inverso en que flores originariamente ornitófilas se hayan convertido en entomófilas.

Acacias y hormigas de las acacias

La mirmecofilia implica una amplia gama de tipos de interacciones planta-hormiga, incluyendo el cultivo de jardines epífitos y la dispersión de semillas por parte de las hormigas. Más específicamente el término se asocia con interacciones defensivas de la planta por parte de la hormiga. En esta relación particular las hormigas proveen defensa para la planta atacando los herbívoros que intentan alimentarse de los tejidos de aquellas, ya sean hojas y tallos, o tejido reproductivo como flores y brácteas; en algunos casos inclusive las hormigas remueven plantas epífitas.  Por otro lado, las plantas suministran alimento y algunas veces un lugar para vivir a sus hormigas protectoras.

La hormiga de las acacias (Pseudomyrmex ferruginea) depende de las acacias del género Vachellia y a su vez las protegen de los insectos herbívoros y de otras plantas que compiten por la luz solar. El árbol proporciona néctar (en nectarios extraflorales) y refugio. Tal mutualismo no es automático, otras especies de hormigas explotan los recursos proporcionados por el árbol sin recompensarlo. Éstas siguen una estrategia evolucionaria diferente y causan daño a la planta huésped.

Otros mutualismos
La relación entre animales y plantas angiospermas llamada zoocoria, una variante de dispersión especializada de semillas por acción de animales que comen las frutas proporcionadas por ciertas plantas. Hay relaciones similares en que animales dispersan las esporas de una cantidad de plantas, por ejemplo hongos.

Antagonismo

Parásitos y huéspedes

Interacciones entre parásitos y sus huéspedes
La coevolución entre parásitos y sus hospederos o huéspedes es un caso de coevolución con cambios adaptativos recíprocos antagónicos por acción de presión genética selectiva.

Parásitos de puesta

Un tipo especial de parasitismo es el parasitismo de puesta. Este también demuestra una coevolución entre el huésped y su parásito, por ejemplo en los cucos. Estas aves no construyen nidos sino que depositan sus huevos en los nidos de otras especies, a veces destruyendo los huevos de la pareja legítima. Así tienen un fuerte impacto negativo en la aptitud biológica del huésped. Los huevos son mímicos de los huevos del hospedero lo que indica que el huésped detruye los huevos parásitos si puede reconocerlos. Los cucos contrarrestan esas defensas con características como cáscara fuerte y gruesa y período de incubación más corto y un lado aplanado para hacer más dificultoso que el huésped pueda sacar el huevo del nido.

Depredación

Un depredador y sus presas coevolucionan, el depredador se vuelve más eficiente en perseguir y matar a sus presas y las presas dearrollan nuevas defensas y formas de escape. La coevolución impone presiones selectivas. Éstas a su vez llevan a una carrera armamental de adaptaciones mutuas progresivas.

Herbivoría

Lo mismo se aplica a animales herbívoros y las plantas de que se alimentan. Las plantas desarrollan defensas contra los herbívoros y éstos evolucionan formas de cancelar los efectos de las defensas. A su vez, las plantas continúan desarrollando defensas más poderosas y los herbívoros hacen otro tanto.

Un ejemplo bien conocido es la coevolución documentada entre las plantas del género Passiflora y las mariposas Heliconius. Las plantas de Passiflora generan defensas anti-herbivoría con producción de toxinas (alcaloides y glucósidos cianogénicos), lo cual es una estrategia exitosa contra la mayoría de insectos; sin embargo, algunos pocos insectos como los escarabajos alticinos, algunas polillas y las mariposas Heliconius han logrado superar tal defensa. Estas Heliconius no solo no se ven afectadas por las toxinas, sino que además Passiflora spp. son su única fuente de alimento durante su estado larval en el cual almacenan toxinas.  Luego estas anuncian su toxicidad con un despliegue de colores brillantes para protegerse de los depredadores, principalmente de las aves.

La mariposa monarca y sus plantas alimentarias, las Asclepias es otro ejemplo bien conocido. La planta produce glucósidos cardíacos y la mariposa, al igual que varios insectos de las asclepias, han evolucionado sistemas enzimáticos para contrarrestar sus efectos. A su vez algunos depredadores han desarrollado tolerancia a las toxinas y formas de comportamiento que reducen la cantidad de éstos y se alimentan de las orugas o adultos de mariposas monarca con impunidad.

En las Montañas Rocosas, las ardillas rojas americanas y los piquituertos (aves que se alimentan de semillas) compiten por las semillas de pino. Las ardillas abren las piñas royendo las escamas. Las aves hacen uso de su desusado pico cruzado para extraer las semillas. En las zonas en que las ardillas son más abundantes las piñas son más fuertes y tienen menos semillas en respuesta al método de extracción de las ardillas. En cambio, donde los piquituertos son más abundantes, las piñas son más livianas pero con escamas más gruesas, haciéndolo más difícil para el ave. Así, el pino está en una guerra armamentaria evolutiva con cada uno de sus atacantes.

Competencia

La competencia es una interacción biológica entre organismos en la cual la aptitud o adecuación biológica de uno es reducida a consecuencia de la presencia del otro. La competencia intraespecífica, con caracteres como conflicto sexual  y selección sexual, está sujeta a coevolución. Igualmente, la competencia entre especies que usan los mismos recursos (competencia interespecífica), por ejemplo depredadores de similares presas, lleva a procesos coevolutivos.

Coevolución difusa o por gremios

Existen otros tipos de coevolución, además de los tipos de coevolución en pares (también llamados coevolución específica), en que los rasgos de una especie coevolucionan en respuesta directa alos rasgos de una segunda especie y viceversa. En tales casos la evolución es aun recíproca pero ocurre entre dos grupos de especies de un lado o de ambos lados. Esto lleva el nombre de coevolución difusa o de "gremios ecológicos". Por ejemplo, un rasgo de varias especies de plantas con flores es que ofrecen néctar al final de un largo tubo. Los polinizadores tienen que desarrollar piezas bucales suficientemente largas para llegar al néctar. Están polinizadas por insectos de diversos taxones como abejas, moscas y Lepidoptera, los cuales forman un amplio gremio de polinizadores que responden a las características de tales flores.

Coevolución en otras disciplinas

La coevolución es principalmente un concepto biológico, pero se ha aplicado a otros campos por analogía.

Algoritmos

Los algoritmos coevolutivos se utilizan para generar vida artificial, así como para la optimización, el aprendizaje de juegos y el aprendizaje automático.

Arquitectura
El concepto de coevolución fue introducido en la arquitectura por el arquitecto-urbanista danés Henrik Valeur como una antítesis al concepto de "star-architecture".

En la Escuela de Arquitectura, Planificación y Paisaje de la Universidad de Newcastle, un enfoque coevolutivo de la arquitectura se ha definido como una práctica de diseño que involucra a estudiantes, voluntarios y miembros de la comunidad local en un trabajo experimental y experimental destinado a "establecer procesos dinámicos de aprendizaje entre usuarios y diseñadores".

Astronomía
En su libro The Self-Organizing Universe, Erich Jantsch atribuyó toda la evolución del cosmos a la coevolución.

En astronomía, una teoría emergente propone que los agujeros negros y las galaxias se desarrollan de manera interdependiente, análoga a la coevolución biológica.

Derecho
En Inter-American Judicial Constitutionalism se introdujo el concepto de coevolución para analizar las interacciones entre la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos y cortes constitucionales nacionales de países miembros del sistema interamericano de derechos humanos. Bajo este enfoque, la jurisprudencia de estas cortes no se desarrolla autárquica y aisladamente, sino que evoluciona en interacción mutualista. Esto en gran medida se explica por el progresivo reconocimiento del rango constitucional de los tratados internacionales de derechos humanos en varios países latinoamericanos y el desarrollo de la doctrina del control de convencionalidad, según la cual los jueces nacionales deben verificar la compatibilidad entre las normas nacionales aplicables al caso concreto y la normatividad interamericana. Las interacciones entre estas cortes en torno a estándares comunes generan diálogos coevolutivos; esto puede derivar en una confluencia de interpretaciones similares o mutuamente compatibles dentro del sistema en conjunto si las interacciones son cooperativas; sin embargo, las interacciones también pueden ser competitivas o antagónicas y producir divergencias interpretativas.

Sociología
En Development Betrayed: The End of Progress and A Coevolutionary Revisioning of the Future (1994) Richard Norgaard propone una cosmología coevolutiva para explicar cómo los sistemas sociales y ambientales se influyen y se reformulan mutuamente. En Coevolutionary Economics: The Economy, Society and the Environment (1994) John Gowdy sugiere que: "La economía, la sociedad y el medio ambiente están vinculados en una relación coevolutiva".

Tecnología
El software y el hardware de la computadora pueden considerarse como dos componentes separados pero vinculados intrínsecamente por la coevolución. Algo similar ocurre con los sistemas operativos y las aplicaciones informáticas, los navegadores web y las aplicaciones web.

Todos estos sistemas dependen unos de otros y avanzan paso a paso a través de un tipo de proceso coevolutivo. Los cambios en el hardware, el sistema operativo o el navegador web pueden introducir nuevas funciones que luego se incorporan en las aplicaciones correspondientes que se ejecutan a la par. La idea está estrechamente relacionada con el concepto de "optimización conjunta" en el análisis y diseño de sistemas sociotécnicos, donde se entiende que un sistema consiste en un "sistema técnico" que abarca las herramientas y el hardware utilizados para la producción y el mantenimiento, y un "sistema social". "de relaciones y procedimientos a través de los cuales la tecnología está vinculada a los objetivos del sistema y todas las demás relaciones humanas y organizativas dentro y fuera del sistema. Tales sistemas funcionan mejor cuando los sistemas técnicos y sociales se desarrollan juntos deliberadamente.

Referencias

Bibliografía
 Bhattacharyay, A.; Drossel, B. (2005). «Modeling coevolution and sympatric speciation of flowers and pollinators». Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 345 (1-2):159-172
 Bronstein, J. L.; Alarcón, R. y Geber, M. (2006). «The evolution of plant-insect mutualisms». New Phytologist, 172 (3):412-428.
 Futuyma, D. J. (2000). «Some current approaches to the evolution of plant-herbivore interactions». Blackwell Science Pty. Plant Species Biology, 15: 1-9
 Gaskett, A. C. (2010). «Orchid pollination by sexual deception: pollinator perspectives». Biological Reviews.
 Gómez, José María. Curso de Fundamentos Teóricos de Biología Evolutiva. Universidad de Granada, España.
 Haloin, J. R.; Strauss, S. Y. (2008). Interplay between ecological communities and evolution.
 Herrera, C. y Pellmyr, O. (2006). Plant-animal interactions. Blackwell Publishing company. Victoria, Australia. 313 p.
 Law, R.; Bronstein, J. L. y Ferrière, R. (2001). «On mutualists and exploiters: plant–insect coevolution in pollinating seed–parasite systems». Journal of Theoretical Biology, 212 (3): 373-389
 López-Vaamonde, C.; Godfray, H. C. J. y Cook, J. M. (2003). «Evolutionary dynamics of host-plant use in a genus of leaf-mining moths». Evolution, 57 (8): 1804-1821.

 Proctor, M. C. F.; Yeo, Peter, y Lack, Andrew (1996) . Collins New Naturalist Library, 83. Londres. ISBN  978-0002199-05-6 (en inglés).
 Speight, M., et al. (2008). Ecology of insect concepts and applications. Wiley - Blackwell. Singapur. 628 p.

 Val, E. del y Dirzo, R. (2004). «Mirmecofilia: las plantas con ejército propio». INCI, 29 (12): 673-679

Enlaces externos
 Coevolución de las flores y sus polinizadores
 Coevolution. Universidad de Stanford
 Coevolution. Universidad Brown
 Coevolución
 Coevolución. Patrones

Evolución

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: ¿Como obtengo el valor en entero de un select con Angular? Tengo mi formulario en HTML así:

    Etnia
    <select class="custom-select custom-select form-control" name="etniadId" [(ngModel)]="user.etniadId" id="etniadId">
        <option value="">Seleccione</option>
        <option *ngFor="let etnia of etnias" [value]="etnia.id">{{ etnia.name }}</option>
    </select>

Y esto es lo que tengo en el archivo.ts
user: User = {
   etniaId: null
}

Bueno hasta ahí va bien todo, pero quiero obtener el número o ID de manera que el JSON que envío sea entero y no como cadena.
Así es como me sale
etniadId: "7"

Pero quiero que salga así
etniaId: 7

Agradecería un montón que me colaboraran y dijeran como puedo solucionarlo

A: Puedes pasarlo a integer con parseInt(user.etniaId, 10) o, la manera que me gusta más, anteponerle +:
+user.etniadId

Si le dieses un número numérico en la primera asignación:
user: User = {
   etniaId: 0;
}

Y controlases que el 0 (o usar -1 en el caso que 0 sea un valor válido para ese campo) es que no está definido creo que ya no tendrías que hacer dicha conversión.

A: Puedes hacerlo de la siguiente manera. Quitar el doble binding y escuchar el ngModelChange y transformar el dato como quieras.

    Etnia
    <select class="custom-select custom-select form-control" name="etniadId" [ngModel]="user.etniadId" (ngModelChange)="etniaChange($event)" id="etniadId">
        <option value="">Seleccione</option>
        <option *ngFor="let etnia of etnias" [value]="etnia.id">{{ etnia.name }}</option>
    </select>

etniaChange(value: string) {
   if (value) {
     user.etniadId = +value;
   }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Author: Dr Todd Gunson, Dermatology Registrar, Dept of Dermatology, Greenlane Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand, 2007.
Henoch–Schönlein purpura (HSP) is a form of leukocytoclastic or small-vessel vasculitis, most often observed in children. It is sometimes called anaphylactoid purpura.
HSP results from inflammation of the small blood vessels in the skin and various other tissues within the body.
HSP generally affects children, but it may also occur in adult life. The most common symptoms include a vasculitic rash, joint pain, and abdominal pain. It may affect the kidneys and in some instances, this leads to irreversible kidney damage. However, most cases resolve without treatment or long-term consequences.
75% of cases occur in children under the age of 10 years. It is thought by most researchers to be more common in girls, although some have found a male predominance or both sexes to be equally affected. HSP may occur in adults and when it does, it is often more severe and kidney damage is more common than is the case in children. There does not appear to be any racial predilection. The incidence in the UK is approximately 20/100000 children (under 17 years old) per year and the incidence of HSP thought to be similar in New Zealand.
15 to 40% of children have at least one recurrence.
Although the precise cause of HSP is unknown, clinical evidence points to an infectious aetiology. The peak incidence of paediatric HSP is during the autumn and winter months. It often preceded by an upper respiratory tract infection and is found to cluster within families. Beta-haemolytic streptococci are often found on throat swab or there is positive streptococcal serology on blood testing.
A multitude of other associations has been reported, including medications. These include ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists, clarithromycin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories.
The underlying mechanism of small blood vessel inflammation is the deposition of IgA immunoglobulin within the blood vessel walls. This leads to leukocytoclastic vasculitis. A subtle defect of IgA may predispose people to develop HSP.
What are the clinical features of Henoch–Schönlein purpura?
The symptoms are usually preceded by 2–3 weeks of fever, headache, muscle/joint aches, or abdominal pain.
A rash is present in virtually all cases. It usually starts as red spots or bumps (which may have a 'hive-like' appearance) which rapidly change to small dark purple bumps (palpable purpura) within the first 24 hours. The most common sites of involvement are the lower legs, buttocks, elbows and knees. The rash is symmetrical and may even become generalised. Blisters and/or ulcers may develop in the affected areas.
Arthritis is present in 75% of cases and usually involves one to four joints, especially the ankles and knees. It may be transient and move between different joints.
Abdominal pain is present in half to three-quarters of patients and precedes the rash in up to one third. Abdominal pain may be associated with diarrhoea and bleeding from the bowel. Orchitis and intussusception are possible complications.
Kidney involvement is seen in up to 50% of cases. It is usually mild and self-limiting, however, it is important that it is diagnosed and followed up as persistent impairment may occur. It normally occurs within a few days to one month after the onset of the other symptoms. Approximately 10% have serious kidney problems at presentation, 15% are left with subtle abnormalities in their urine tests, and 1–5% progress to end-stage kidney failure long term.
Rarely other organs, such as the lungs, brain, and heart, are involved.
What tests should be performed in Henoch–Schönlein purpura?
The diagnosis of HSP is often obvious if the classic symptoms are present.
A blood and urine test should be performed to look for any signs of kidney involvement. These tests should be repeated at regular intervals initially to ensure kidney impairment is not developing or worsening.
Blood pressure should be measured at the same time.
A skin biopsy is often not necessary, especially in children, but may be performed to confirm the diagnosis.
What is the treatment for Henoch–Schönlein purpura?
In the majority of cases, no specific treatment is required for HSP and the rash fades over one week. Recurrent crops of lesions occur over the next 6–16 weeks in up to one-third of cases. Five to ten per cent may have persistent disease.
Non-steroidal-anti-inflammatory-drugs (eg, ibuprofen) are effective at relieving joint and abdominal pain.
In more severe cases, oral steroids are often used.
Other options include dapsone or colchicine.
If significant kidney involvement is present, steroids are usually combined with more potent immunosuppressive medications or intravenous immunoglobulin.
Dermatology. J Bolognia, JL Jorizzo, RP Rapini as eds. Mosby 2003.


For demonstration purpose, the new webshop is reachable under shop.thorstenmarx.com. After the first release of the tma-webtools WordPress addon, it will also be installed in this shop.
Webtools got a new feature, user segmentation. Segments can be defined by pageviews and/or scoring in a given time. If a user matches the segment definition it is automatically to that segment or removed if the definition is not matching anymore. This is an early prototyp and currently under heavy development.


Sometimes it pays to say what's in your heart. That's what Jared did, when he saw a woman standing in the student union of the university he was attending, and decided to just walk up and tell her how beautiful he thought she was. Seven years later he spoke his truth once again, when he proposed to that very same woman, Bianca, with both their families present, and was rewarded with a resounding, "Yes!" On the couple's wedding day, says Bianca, "I didn't have to worry about a single thing." Ceremony and reception flowers and decor in shades of ivory, burgundy and gold, designed by Plants N' Petals, perfectly complemented Jared's custom tuxedo and Bianca's gorgeous Ines Di Santo gown. "The day of the wedding was very much like a fairytale," the bride notes. "Spiritually, I felt the peace of God, and I knew it was all going to be OK." Guests indulged in gourmet cuisine from Cordúa Catering, followed by a towering gold and ivory wedding cake from Edible Designs and decadent sweets from Cakes By Gina. Live music and Latin beats rounded out the evening, with a spectacular fireworks show to top off the night.


Thank you for your interest in Steven M. Stern, DDS, PC. We are specialist members of the American Association of Endodontists. We look forward to being of service to you. Our expert team, led by respected endodontic specialist Dr. Stern, includes an experienced endodontic staff. We provide the highest standard of professional care in a friendly, comfortable environment.
We hope that the information provided here answers many of your questions about endodontic treatment. If you would like additional information, please don't hesitate to contact us at (716) 688-9639 serving both offices.
Dr. Stern is a phenomenal endodontist. He treats every single patient with care and kindness and makes the procedures as easy and as painless as possible. As soon as you walk in, you will feel very comfortable and the staff is extremely nice as well! HIGHLY recommended!!
I had been reluctant to have a root canal because of "horror stories" from friends and relatives. But this was not as bad as I expected it to be. Dr Stern and his staff put me at ease with their friendliness and efficiency.


text:
Getting Serious About Conserving Water
February 27, 2014 at 4:22 pm kellygodzik	Leave a comment
Videographer Mark Stitzer focuses on a heron in Tanner Springs Park, Portland.
A couple of weeks ago, I found myself in a discussion group with eight other Penn State students talking about climate issues. It was part of a World in Conversation program, which encouraged us to be truthful. We talked about recycling and why it's not a top priority for us. Our consensus: because recycling doesn't incorporate instant gratification.
We care about eating healthy, for example, because we almost instantly see weight loss or improved health. But what actually happens when we take the time to separate our glass and plastic bottles to put them in the correct recycling containers? Are we making a positive impact on Earth by putting the Canyon Pizza box into the cardboard recycling bin?
And then, by coincidence, The Penn Stater editors asked me to attend the premiere of "Water Blues, Green Solutions," a collaboration between Penn State Public Media and Penn State's Sustainability Institute. The documentary wasn't about recycling per se, but it was a powerful depiction of the positive effects of caring about water. I believe the documentary was able to achieve this because the people who were involved in making it were just like so many of us. They weren't completely versed on the details of green infrastructure or conservation of aquifers, either.
"I share my ignorance with others who don't know about water," director Frank Christopher told the audience. In the past, he's worked on films about war, health care, and even Cirque du Soleil, but he thought that it was time to be responsible and communicate the urgency of why we need to think about how we use and protect our water sources.
Members of the Penn State Water Brigades, a club on campus dedicated to improving access to clean water and sanitation, had a table set up in the lobby of the theatre before the screening. The co-president of the club, junior Deidre Carlson, might have summed up the urgency of our water crisis best. Carlson said, "In the U.S., we have our own water problems, and they aren't being addressed. We have issues in our own backyard."
Diedre Carlson of Penn State Water Brigades at the premiere.
"Water Blues, Green Solutions" addressed this issue from multiple angles. The documentary leads viewers on a tour of four cities – Philadelphia, Portland, San Antonio, and the Bronx, all of which are dealing with unique water dilemmas.
I lived in Philadelphia all summer and I didn't know the city's water department was beginning to implement green infrastructure until I watched the documentary. Portland, on the other hand, is already a leader in creating green projects and is serving as example to others. San Antonio's water crisis might have been the most drastic: Droughts have plagued the area causing some lakes to almost completely dry up. The visual of a barely there lake puts the water crisis into context pretty fast. Perhaps the most optimistic view of green solutions was in the Bronx's efforts of cleaning up the Bronx River, which created new jobs and opportunities for community members. In short, all of these cities are working with nature instead of against it. By doing so, they've created new jobs and saved lots of money. Green Solutions may not be instant but it is possible, present, and important.
It also helps that the documentary didn't take a doom and gloom approach. It most certainly was not the PETA approach. You know, where they show you pictures of beaten animals to pluck on your heartstrings.
Instead, videographer Mark Stitzer '02 took the approach of having individuals in the cities directly tell the audience their stories, including a teacher in Philadelphia conducting class on a new eco-friendly play ground and a woman in the Bronx enjoying her new job creating green infrastructure. I got a sense that people are taking away something positive from solving their water blues.
Stitzer captures shots of Philadelphia's Greenfield Elementary School, one of the first schools to adopt a self-sustaining green play ground.
Those involved in the making of this film said their ultimate hope is for the documentary to create civic engagement and for it to urge people to seek their own green solutions for their water blues. The precursor to this project, another documentary titled "Liquid Assets," reached every member of Congress. It's just a matter of what people do with the knowledge.
If I took anything out of this film, it's that you can transform sewage into water cleaner than what's sold in a bottle. I'm just kidding. Not quite. No matter, this documentary teaches you many things about water that pertain to you and your everyday life a lot more than you think.
The broadcasting schedule of "Water Blues, Green Solutions" is updated weekly and is available here.
Kelly Godzik, intern
Entry filed under: Uncategorized. Tags: Frank Christopher, Green Solutions, Mark Stitzer, Penn State Water Brigades, Water Blues, WPSU.
The Penn Stater Daily — Feb. 27, 2014	The Penn Stater Daily — Feb. 28, 2014


Essay, Paragraph, Speech on "Raindrops" Essay for Class 9, Class 10, Class 12 Class and Graduate Exams.
I had been brought up with a phobia for rain. My parents had made it clear that if I got wet in the rain, I would die for sure. I had always thought of rain as an enemy. Even when I learnt about the life giving water cycle, I did not see rain as the great boon it was. After learning about the water cycle. I accepted rain as a fact of nature; but not something to enjoy. Then I met Julia. Julia is my tenant: an older lady who had never bothered to marry. She was an outdoor type and as tough as nails. As soon as she came to live in our apartment, she adopted me as her niece and we became good friends. My parents liked the influence she had over me and never questioned whatever I did as long as it was with Julia.
She would not let me run from the rain. "Just feel it and enjoy it," she said with a laugh.
A few drops landed on me. I began to feel them. One landed on my head and another on my nose and so on. Then the rain became heavier and I looked at Julia longingly. She shook her head and held on to my arm. The rain drops began pelting us. I felt myself getting wetter and wetter. My hair was a mess. The rain drops were running down my blouse and tickling me all over. "Don't be a softie, enjoy it," laughed the defiant Julia.
I said, "Heck," and decided to. It was beautiful. I felt the rain drops fall on my head and roll down to my chest and all over me. Julia started to laugh. It was contagious and I joined her too. Then she broke into song and I joined her.
We sang at the top of our voices as we walked along.
Instead of going straight home we strolled into the park. A lot of people stared at us, but I did not care. Then the rain stopped and we decided to go home. It felt good to be completely wet. When I reached home my male parent looked at me with his eyes wide open. "What are you up to, Elizabeth?" he asked incredulously.
"Both of you are going to catch cold," he pronounced wisely.
"No way!" we shouted in unison as we made a beeline to the bathroom for a nice hot shower.
Essay, Paragraph, Speech on "Babe Ruth : The Greatest Baseball Player" Essay for Class 9, Class 10, Class 12 Class and Graduate Exams.
Paragraph, Essay and Speech on "Achievements of Balaji Vishwanath" Paragraph for Class 9, Class 10, Class 12 Class and Graduate Exams.


text:
Home/Science/Falcon Heavy's launch on Tuesday will create double sonic booms
Falcon Heavy's launch on Tuesday will create double sonic booms
The launch of the SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket on Tuesday morning (November 1) will be a feast for the senses.
The Falcon Heavy scheduled to lift off Tuesday at 9:41 a.m. EDT (1341 GMT) from NASA's Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on a mission to the U.S. Space Force called USSF-44. You can watch the Falcon Heavy launch live on Space.comcourtesy of SpaceX or directly through the company.
They'll have a lot to take in as the Falcon Heavy roars off the platform, and its three first-stage boosters return to Earth shortly after liftoff. This action will have audio as well as visual components.
"Please note that tomorrow morning's launch will be accompanied by a double sonic boom. This will occur shortly after launch as the boosters land on Landing Zone 1 and Landing Zone 2 at the Cape Canaveral Space Force Station," space launch Delta 45, the base's official account Patrick Space Force and Cape Canaveral Space Force Station, it was announced via Twitter (opens in new tab) on Monday (October 31).
Related: Why SpaceX hasn't flown a Falcon Heavy rocket since 2019
All three Falcon Heavy first stage boosters (which are modified versions of SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket) are capable of making vertical touchdowns shortly after liftoff, with the central core usually trying its luck at SpaceX drone ship at sea.
But the main booster for Tuesday's launch will dive into the sea rather than try to land, because USSF-44 is such a fuel-demanding mission. It sends a handful of cargo into geostationary orbit, about 22,000 miles (35,400 kilometers) above the planet, and the long journey will use up most of the core's propellant.
The primary payload lifting off on Tuesday, a spacecraft named USSF-44, is classified, so very little is known about it. Also flying as part of the mission is a small technology demonstration satellite called Tetra-1, built for the Space Force by Boeing's subsidiary Millennium Space Systems. USSF-44 will probably also have several smaller cubesats, according to EverydayAstronaut.com (opens in new tab).
USSF-44 will be just the fourth Falcon Heavy launch overall and the first since June 2019. The long dry spell between launches is primarily due to delays in cargo delivery on the rocket manifest. USSF-44, for example, was originally scheduled to fly in late 2020, but the main satellite was not ready.
The Falcon Heavy is the most powerful rocket flying today. But two even more powerful launchers should debut soon. NASA is preparing for the launch Artemis 1his first mission Space Launch System megarocket, November 14. And SpaceX is preparing for the first orbital test flight Starshipa giant vehicle he is developing to transport cargo and people to the Moon and Mars.
Mike Wall is the author of "There (opens in new tab)" (Grand Central Publishing, 2018; illustrated by Karl Tate), a book about the search for extraterrestrial life. Follow him on Twitter @michaeldwall (opens in new tab). Follow us on Twitter @Spacedotcom (opens in new tab) or on Facebook (opens in new tab).
#Falcon #Heavys #launch #Tuesday #create #double #sonic #booms
booms create double Falcon Heavys launch sonic Tuesday
A 'killer planet' asteroid hiding in the sun's glare could one day hit Earth
Astronomers Capture Black Hole Swallowing Star In 'Hyper-Feeding Moon'
A flat-headed dinosaur lived on an island of dwarf creatures
Queensland scientists "placed a particle close to a black hole". What they saw stunned them
Chemical clues to the mystery of what covers Stradivari's violins
Caffeine consumption during pregnancy affects the child's height: Study
Five things to know about daylight saving time – Brdo
Respiratory diseases: When to go to the emergency room
RSV is spreading at an unusually high rate, overwhelming children's hospitals
Study finds brain changes associated with ADHD remission


During my reading this year, it keeps standing out to me that some of the most excellent characters in given books are the servants. Have you noticed that literature is full of stories where a servant steals the show? In some cases he becomes even more legendary than his master, or at least equally so. It made me wonder why that may be the case, especially since many servants have tended to be looked down upon and taken for granted throughout the centuries. Perhaps hero servants keep popping up to encourage us to be noble, generous and kind-hearted, regardless of our circumstances. They seem to remind us that's there's never a good reason to be resentful or churlish about our occupations, because life is what we make it. Maybe people in humble circumstances are actually the lynch pins of society, doing so much good in so many ways. Here are ten that have popped out at me, and I love them all.
He was Mr Pickwick's young servant, with enough sharp intelligence to appreciate his master's many excellent qualities. Sam was devoted to his employer to such an extent that when Pickwick was thrown into debtor's prison over a matter of principle, he devised a way of getting arrested, so he could follow on his heels and continue to serve him. Sam asked his jolly old father to accuse him of being unable to repay a loan, which of course was completely false. But being the Victorian era, when anything could get a man thrown in jail, his plan worked. My review is here.
The young French acrobat didn't know what lay ahead of him when he was employed by Mr Phileas Fogg. Although Fogg was exacting and never forthcoming, Passepartout's loyalty never swerved. Even when the detective Fix almost managed to convince him that Fogg had robbed a bank, Passepartout decided that accusatory hearsay would not influence the scrupulous way in which he served his master, who trusted him. Not only was he intensely loyal, but saved the day on several occasions (He saved several of the 80 of them, in fact). My review is here.
The elderly butler and head of staff is fiercely devoted to the Verinder family, since he served them from his boyhood, and therefore remembers every single one of them from their infancy. For that reason, he's not going to cave in to wild rumours that one of them might be a thief or scoundrel. He knows them as well as anybody, and will never stop standing up for them. My review is here.
He appears in several stories by P.G. Wodehouse. Young Bertie Wooster is a member of the idle upper class, who keeps finding himself entangled in awkward social messes, because of his naivety. And the British aristocracy may well have been the worst crowd to possibly upset. Bertie is a complete embarrassment to his poor Aunt Agatha, but his butler Jeeves has the loyalty and sense to keep saving the day with complete tact. Perhaps he was one of the most under-paid servants in history, when you consider all the extra stresses that made up his day's work.
He starts off in Lord of the Rings as Frodo Baggins' humble gardener, and is dragged off on the quest sort of accidentally, when he overhears a private conversation. It was the best thing that could have happened to Frodo, since Sam proves to be steadfast, strong and devoted. He saves the day on several occasions to the point of physically carrying Frodo when he's too weak to continue alone. And as a bonus, Sam turns out to be one of the few characters capable of resisting the pull of the Ring. What a hero!
He's the illiterate farmer who was dragged along on the adventures of the delusional Don Quixote, who asked him to be his squire. Sancho's initial lure was the hope of the vague grand reward that Quixote promised. He considers himself to be the pragmatic realist, with enough common sense to balance his master's flights of fancy. However, the faithful sidekick role grows on him, and he does pick up some of his master's romanticism and idealism, despite himself.
The simple-natured half giant is groundskeeper at Hogwarts. His love and devotion to his employer, Albus Dumbledore, is equal to that of his favourite student, Harry Potter. However, although Hagrid always had the best intentions, he needed keeping an eye on at times. He's a bit scatterbrained and makes the occasional stuff-up, of which I'll mention no plot spoilers. But his wonderful character and powerful frame make him an excellent person for Dumbledore to call a loyal follower.
I'm talking specifically about the TV series of the same name. It ran between 2008 and 2012, and was an interesting take on the Arthurian legends, since Merlin was the teenage servant of the equally young Arthur, who had no clue of Merlin's true skills. Arthur's father, Uther Pendragon, had banned magic throughout the land, so Merlin had to keep his powers top secret. But he used them over and over to help save the oblivious Arthur's life. Lack of thanks was just part of the job.
He's generally believed to be the trusted servant of the patriarch Abraham, who was sent from Israel back to Abraham's birth place in Mesopotamia, to find a wife for his beloved son Isaac. Eliezer relied heavily on prayer and God's leading every moment, which helped him return with the right girl, Rebecca. Eliezer was probably the servant who was expected to inherit all of his master's vast wealth, when it seemed Abraham would never father an heir of his own flesh. That's makes Eliezer's devotion and hard work all the more impressive, since he went on giving the job his all without feeling hard-done-by.
How many of these are you familiar with? Do you love any of them yourself? And as always, I'd love it if you could suggest any more.
Samwise Gamgee is my favourite, perhaps even more so after watching the film version of LOTR. Jeeves and Sancho Panza make me smile. Your post is specifically about menservants, but there are also a few female servants and nursemaids who play a similar role - Mary Poppins, Nelly Dean, Naaman's wife's maid come to mind, I'm sure there are others.
Yes, Sam was a great character, and Sean Astin was perfectly cast for the role!
Hi Paula - As usual, your knowledge of literature amazes me. I don't think I could come up with 10 manservants. Of the ones I know from your list, Samwise Gamgee would be my favourite. I'm not sure if this is in the book, but I love the line in the movie where Frodo says, 'I'm going alone', and Frodo says something like, 'Of course you are, and I'm going with you'. What a loyal friend.
If we could stretch the manservants to movies and TV shows, I'd probably pick Godfrey from 'My Man Godfrey' or Benson from 'Soap'. What those two had to put up with! :) Fun post Paula.
I love Bunter from Dorothy Sayers' Peter Wimsey books. He's a truly inspiring servant and anticipates Peter's needs before Peter realises them. Full of wisdom too. An interesting post, thanks Paula.


The ShelterPoint family of companies (ShelterPoint Life and ShelterPoint Insurance, collectively, "ShelterPoint") conducts business in the United States of America only.
ShelterPoint Life Insurance Company is a NY-domiciled insurance carrier and is currently licensed in CO, CT, DE, DC, IL, MA, MD, MI, MN, NJ, NY, PA, RI, SC, and TN. Not all products are available in every state where ShelterPoint Life is licensed to do business.
ShelterPoint Insurance Company is a FL-domiciled insurance carrier licensed in 48 jurisdictions, not including New York.
Our homepage is designed to direct consumers to product information based on the state they reside in and identifies the applicable underwriting carrier on each product page. We are not responsible for individuals who bypass our homepage through direct links to product-specific sub-pages of our website or disregard our availability and underwriting carrier notice on respective pages.
ShelterPoint makes no representation that the product-related materials, features, and pages on this site, are appropriate or available in states and jurisdictions where we are not licensed to do business. The product-related contents of this site is not intended to be an invitation to contract and/or a solicitation for business in any such state or jurisdiction. No insurance product will be sold in any state or jurisdiction in which the solicitation, sale, or purchase thereof would be unlawful under such state's insurance laws or other applicable regulations.
ShelterPoint sells exclusively through independent insurance professionals and does not sell directly to consumers. Any product information viewed by consumers is not intended as an invitation to contract and/or a solicitation for business. Consumers are asked to consult their independent agent/broker for more information.
These Terms will be governed and interpreted pursuant to the laws of the State of New York. If any part of these Terms is found to be unlawful, void, or unenforceable, that part will be deemed severable and will not affect the validity and enforceability of any remaining provisions.


On this week's episode, Host Joe Thomas travels to Montana for a hunt with longtime friend, Jamin Krebs of Western Timberline Outfitters. The alfalfa fields and the back country are very green, which can make pinpointing a shooter buck extremely difficult. In the end, patience and persistence pay off as Joe gives himself a great opportunity at a Montana Whitetail.
Almost every hunt offers new challenges and obstacles that need to be conquered in order to find success in the field. Here on Summit's High Places, the crew prides itself on showing you these challenges and what it takes to overcome them.
Summit's High Places - TV air times are: Outdoor Channel - Wednesdays 1:30 p.m., Thursdays 7:30 p.m., and Saturdays 1:30 a.m. All times Eastern Standard.
Summit's High Places presents hunting like you do it, with amazing hunting action and real-life situations that are sure to increase your heart rate. Get up-close and personal on deer, bear and elk hunts charged with high-intensity action. The Team lives to hunt, and it shows. While they're always looking for that trophy buck, they often won't pass up a doe, because each member holds a hunter's heart in the truest sense. This is real hunting with all of the highs and lows that make our sport the most exciting in the world.
For more information on Summit's High Places, please visit www.highplacestv.com.


text:
Tracks-movie.com
Tricks and tips for everyone
How dangerous is Dubai?
Generally speaking, Dubai is safe to visit. Person-on-person crime isn't much of a concern to travelers here, due to the fact that Dubai is a heavily monitored city. Petty crime is more of a concern, especially pickpocketing, scams, and sexual harassment, though weapons are almost never involved.
How can we avoid prostitution?
Training and creating jobs for income generation, poverty alleviation and hunger reduction are important socio-economic measures aiming to prevent prostitution from emerging and developing. 2. Organizing medical treatment, education, job training and creation to help prostitutes integrate into the community.
What is not allowed in Dubai?
What are banned items to have in any luggage?
All kinds of narcotic drugs, including hashish, cocaine, heroin, poppy seeds and hallucination pills.
Goods intended to be imported from boycotted countries.
Goods from Israeli origin or bearing Israeli trademarks or logos.
Crude ivory and rhinoceros horn.
Where is male prostitution legal in the US?
Is legalized prostitution good for society?
Finally, legalizing sex work will provide many other positive externalities, including tax revenue, reduction in sexually transmitted diseases, and reallocation of law enforcement resources. It's true that current efforts by various European countries to legalize prostitution have been far from perfect.
Which country is first in prostitution?
What are the social effects of prostitution?
Effects of Prostitution on Society & Individuals. Prostitution contributes to the objectification of women: Just because someone pays does not erase the qualifications of what we consider sexual violence, domestic violence, and rape. However, people who pay for sex tend to think that what they do is acceptable.
What is the punishment for prostitution in California?
Prostitution by an adult is a misdemeanor, punishable by up to six months in a jail and a fine of up to $1,000. Prior to January 2017, the law imposed mandatory incarceration periods for defendants who have committed a second or third act of prostitution.
Where Is prostitution legal in the world?
Prostitution is legal and regulated in Germany, Switzerland, Greece, Austria, and many other countries in Europe. Many major European cities have red-light districts and regulated brothels that pay taxes and follow certain rules.
What are the reasons for prostitution?
Causes of Prostitution However, this is due to several precipitating factors that lead people into the prostitution industry. Some of the more influential factors are physical, emotional, pre-mature home leaving, childhood sexual abuse, drug abuse and a poor financial situation.
What prostitution is all about?
Prostitution, the practice of engaging in relatively indiscriminate sexual activity, in general with someone who is not a spouse or a friend, in exchange for immediate payment in money or other valuables.
How does prostitution help society?
Prostitution is functional for several parties in society. It provides prostitutes a source of income, and it provides a sexual alternative for men who lack a sexual partner or are dissatisfied with their current sexual partner.
How far does prostitution go back?
Ancient Near East Sumerian records dating back to ca. 2400 BCE are the earliest recorded mention of prostitution as an occupation. These describe a temple-brothel operated by Sumerian priests in the city of Uruk. This kakum or temple was dedicated to the goddess Ishtar and was the home to three grades of women.
What are the advantages of legalizing prostitution?
Proven benefits of legalizing prostitution include mental and physical healthcare (including STI prevention care), safer and more accessible ways of reporting violence and abuse as well as improved infrastructure and working conditions.
The Best Technical and Innovative Podcasts you should Listen
Essay Writing Service: The Best Solution for Busy Students
6 The Best Alternatives for WhatsApp for Android
The Best Solar Street Light Manufacturers Across the World
Ultimate packing list while travelling with your dog
Advice Articles Lifehacks Mixed News Recommendations


The player-character is a bro, a hypermasculine action hero-style commando, who fights terrorists and rescues his bro teammates and prisoners of war from captivity. The levels end when the player defeats a foreign devil boss, hoists an American flag, and leaves via helicopter while the scenery explodes. The bro character names parody those of fictional action heroes such as John Rambo, Die Hard's John McClane, Chuck Norris, Mr. T, Alien's Ellen Ripley, and Terminator's T-800 by adding the word "bro" (e.g., Rambro, the Brominator). The Broforce team is under direction from "Nelson Brodela".
nobody seeding…… 🙁 ((( ??????????????
What's the name of the song during instalation ?
THANKS FOR THIS, GREAT UPLOAD! WORKS perfect!!!
The game installed great and ran perfectly.
For anyone wondering, the game has english dub.
Like me, so many seem to be having the black screen and then crash issue when loading the game. How many people will have to complain about this issue before somebody offers up a solution or at least an answer?
I can always trust on extremezone's uploads. As usual, a great game, running fine with a FX-4300, R7 370, getting 50 fps average. Thanks, once again!
May the seed be with you.
great upload. you can use which resolation you want.
Nevermind. It actually works fine but takes quite a while to load.
speed is good as always !


text:
Due to the unavailability of Wallace House, the game was played at Alderminster. Graham returned from his extended break in the Caribbean with a stinking cold, so he played in the doubles first to shake off his inherent lethargy. It did the trick as he won all his singles games three straight. Stephen had a more challenging evening being taken to four sets by Steff and five sets by Jim. Maybe that was due to have done a long day at work, or maybe it was because he was thinking about the Monster Raving Loony celebration he went straight to after completing his last game with Henry.
Written by:Mike Evetts


text:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="windows-1251"?>
<project name="${MODULE_NAME}.project" default="help">
    <import file="buildInfo.xml"/>

    <target name="${MODULE_NAME}.copylibs">
        <mkdir dir="${project.libs.dir}"/>

        <copy todir="${project.libs.dir}">
            <fileset dir="${project.third-party.dir}">
                <patternset refid="${MODULE_NAME}.libraries"/>
            </fileset>
        </copy>
    </target>

    <target name="${MODULE_NAME}.build" depends="${MODULE_NAME}.compile,${MODULE_NAME}.copylibs,${DEPS_BUILD}" description="Create distribution kit">
        <pathconvert property="${MODULE_NAME}.newclasspath" pathsep=" ">
            <path refid="${MODULE_NAME}.build.classpath"/>
            <map from="${project.distrib.dir}${file.separator}" to=""/>
        </pathconvert>

        <mkdir dir="${project.distrib.web.dir}"/>
        <mkdir dir="${project.distrib.web.dir}${file.separator}_${MODULE_NAME}_tmp"/>
        <copy todir="${project.distrib.web.dir}${file.separator}_${MODULE_NAME}_tmp" flatten="true">
          <fileset dir="${project.distrib.dir}" includes="${${MODULE_NAME}.newclasspath}"/>
        </copy>

        <war destfile="${${MODULE_NAME}.distrib.war}" webxml="${${MODULE_NAME}.module.basedir}${file.separator}WEB-INF/web.xml">
            <classes dir="${${MODULE_NAME}.module.outputdir}"/>
            <lib dir="${project.distrib.web.dir}${file.separator}_${MODULE_NAME}_tmp"/>
            <manifest>
                <attribute name="Main-Class" value="${${MODULE_NAME}.mainclass}"/>
                <!--attribute name="Class-Path" value="${${MODULE_NAME}.newclasspath}"/-->
            </manifest>
            <fileset dir="${${MODULE_NAME}.module.basedir}${file.separator}resources"/>
        </war>
        <delete dir="${project.distrib.web.dir}${file.separator}_${MODULE_NAME}_tmp"/>

        <mkdir dir="${project.distrib.tests.dir}"/>

        <pathconvert property="${MODULE_NAME}.newtestclasspath" pathsep=" ">
            <path refid="${MODULE_NAME}.build.testclasspath"/>
            <map from="${project.distrib.tests.dir}${file.separator}" to=""/>
        </pathconvert>

        <pathconvert property="${MODULE_NAME}.newclasspath_fortests" pathsep=" ">
            <path refid="${MODULE_NAME}.build.classpath"/>
            <path>
               <pathelement location="${${MODULE_NAME}.distrib.jar}"/>
            </path>
            <map from="${project.distrib.dir}${file.separator}" to="..${file.separator}"/>
        </pathconvert>

        <!-- jar destfile="${${MODULE_NAME}.distrib.tests.jar}">
            <fileset dir="${${MODULE_NAME}.module.testoutputdir}"/>
            <manifest>
                <attribute name="Main-Class" value=""/>
                <attribute name="Class-Path" value="${${MODULE_NAME}.newclasspath_fortests} ${${MODULE_NAME}.newtestclasspath}"/>
            </manifest>
        </jar>

        <mkdir dir="${project.distrib.tests.dir}${file.separator}tmp"/>
        <copy todir="${project.distrib.tests.dir}${file.separator}tmp">
         <fileset dir="${${MODULE_NAME}.module.basedir}">
           <include name="tests${file.separator}*${file.separator}src${file.separator}*${file.separator}**"/>
         </fileset>
         <regexpmapper from=".*src(.*)" to="\1" handledirsep="yes"/>
        </copy>

        <jar destfile="${${MODULE_NAME}.distrib.tests.src.jar}">
             <fileset dir="${project.distrib.tests.dir}${file.separator}tmp">
                <include name="**${file.separator}*.java"/>
                <patternset excludes="${${MODULE_NAME}.excludeTestsFromCompile}"/>
             </fileset>
        </jar>
        <delete dir="${project.distrib.tests.dir}${file.separator}tmp"/-->

        <mkdir dir="${project.distrib.src.dir}"/>

        <jar destfile="${${MODULE_NAME}.distrib.src.jar}">
            <fileset dir="${${MODULE_NAME}.module.basedir}${file.separator}src">
                <include name="**${file.separator}*.java"/>
                <patternset excludes="${${MODULE_NAME}.excludeFromCompile}"/>
            </fileset>
            <fileset dir="${${MODULE_NAME}.module.basedir}">
                <include name="resources${file.separator}**${file.separator}*"/>
            </fileset>
        </jar>

        <antcall target="${MODULE_NAME}.distribTarget"/>
    </target>

    <target name="${MODULE_NAME}.compile" depends="${DEPS_COMPILE}" description="Compile module ${${MODULE_NAME}.module.name}; production classes">
        <mkdir dir="${${MODULE_NAME}.module.outputdir}"/>

        <javac destdir="${${MODULE_NAME}.module.outputdir}" debug="${compiler.debug}" nowarn="${compiler.generate.no.warnings}" encoding="${compiler.encoding}"
               memoryMaximumSize="${compiler.max.memory}" fork="true" srcdir="${${MODULE_NAME}.module.basedir}${file.separator}src" excludes="${${MODULE_NAME}.excludeFromCompile}">
            <compilerarg line="${compiler.args}"/>
            <classpath refid="${MODULE_NAME}.classpath"/>
        </javac>

        <copy todir="${${MODULE_NAME}.module.outputdir}">
            <fileset dir="${${MODULE_NAME}.module.basedir}">
                <include name="resources${file.separator}**${file.separator}*"/>
            </fileset>
        </copy>
    </target>

    <available property="${MODULE_NAME}.testsLocated" file="src" type="dir">
        <filepath>
            <dirset dir="${${MODULE_NAME}.module.basedir}">
                <include name="tests${file.separator}*${file.separator}"/>
            </dirset>
        </filepath>
    </available>

    <target name="${MODULE_NAME}.compile.tests" depends="${MODULE_NAME}.compile,${DEPS_COMPILE_TESTS}" description="compile module ${${MODULE_NAME}.module.name}; test classes" if="${MODULE_NAME}.testsLocated">
        <mkdir dir="${${MODULE_NAME}.module.testoutputdir}"/>
        <javac destdir="${${MODULE_NAME}.module.testoutputdir}" debug="${compiler.debug}" nowarn="${compiler.generate.no.warnings}" encoding="${compiler.encoding}"
               memoryMaximumSize="${compiler.max.memory}" fork="true" excludes="${${MODULE_NAME}.excludeTestsFromCompile}">
            <compilerarg line="${compiler.args}"/>
            <classpath refid="${MODULE_NAME}.classpath"/>
            <classpath refid="${MODULE_NAME}.testclasspath"/>
            <classpath location="${${MODULE_NAME}.module.outputdir}"/>
            <src>
                <path>
                    <dirset dir="${${MODULE_NAME}.module.basedir}">
                        <include name="tests${file.separator}*${file.separator}src"/>
                    </dirset>
                </path>
            </src>
        </javac>

        <path id="${MODULE_NAME}.toCopyResources">
            <dirset dir="${${MODULE_NAME}.module.basedir}">
                <include name="tests${file.separator}*${file.separator}resources"/>
            </dirset>
        </path>

        <for pathref="${MODULE_NAME}.toCopyResources" param="cur">
            <sequential>
                <copy todir="${${MODULE_NAME}.module.testoutputdir}${file.separator}resources">
                    <fileset dir="@{cur}"/>
                </copy>
            </sequential>
        </for>
    </target>

    <target name="${MODULE_NAME}.run-tests" description="junit tests" depends="${MODULE_NAME}.compile.tests" if="${MODULE_NAME}.testsLocated" unless="${MODULE_NAME}.disableTests">
        <delete dir="${${MODULE_NAME}.module.reportsdir}"/>
        <mkdir dir="${${MODULE_NAME}.module.reportsdir}${file.separator}raw${file.separator}"/>
        <mkdir dir="${${MODULE_NAME}.module.reportsdir}${file.separator}run${file.separator}"/>

        <for pathref="${MODULE_NAME}.testclasspath" param="cur">
            <sequential>
                <junit printsummary="withOutAndErr" dir="${${MODULE_NAME}.module.reportsdir}${file.separator}run${file.separator}">
		    <syspropertyset refid="${MODULE_NAME}.testProperties"/>

                    <classpath>
                        <path refid="${MODULE_NAME}.classpath"/>
                        <path refid="${MODULE_NAME}.testclasspath"/>
                        <pathelement location="${${MODULE_NAME}.module.outputdir}"/>
                        <pathelement location="${${MODULE_NAME}.module.testoutputdir}"/>
                    </classpath>

                    <batchtest fork="yes" filtertrace="yes" todir="${${MODULE_NAME}.module.reportsdir}${file.separator}raw${file.separator}" if="${MODULE_NAME}.transitiveTests">
                        <formatter type="xml"/>
                        <fileset dir="@{cur}" includes="**${file.separator}*TestCase.class"/>
                    </batchtest>
                </junit>
            </sequential>
        </for>

        <junit printsummary="withOutAndErr" dir="${${MODULE_NAME}.module.reportsdir}${file.separator}run${file.separator}">
	    <syspropertyset refid="${MODULE_NAME}.testProperties"/>

            <classpath>
               <path refid="${MODULE_NAME}.classpath"/>
               <path refid="${MODULE_NAME}.testclasspath"/>
               <pathelement location="${${MODULE_NAME}.module.outputdir}"/>
               <pathelement location="${${MODULE_NAME}.module.testoutputdir}"/>
            </classpath>

            <batchtest fork="yes" filtertrace="yes" todir="${${MODULE_NAME}.module.reportsdir}${file.separator}raw${file.separator}">
                <formatter type="xml"/>
                <fileset dir="${${MODULE_NAME}.module.testoutputdir}" includes="**${file.separator}*TestCase.class"/>
            </batchtest>
        </junit>
    </target>

    <target name ="${MODULE_NAME}.test" depends="${MODULE_NAME}.run-tests" if="${MODULE_NAME}.testsLocated" unless="${MODULE_NAME}.disableTests">
        <junitreport todir="${${MODULE_NAME}.module.reportsdir}">
            <fileset dir="${${MODULE_NAME}.module.reportsdir}${file.separator}raw${file.separator}">
                <include name="TEST-*.xml"/>
            </fileset>
            <report format="frames" todir="${${MODULE_NAME}.module.reportsdir}${file.separator}html${file.separator}"/>
        </junitreport>
    </target>

    <target name="${MODULE_NAME}.clean" description="cleanup all">
        <delete dir="${${MODULE_NAME}.module.outputdir}"/>
        <delete dir="${${MODULE_NAME}.module.testoutputdir}"/>
        <delete dir="${${MODULE_NAME}.module.reportsdir}"/>
    </target>

    <target name="clean" depends="${MODULE_NAME}.clean"/>
    <target name="build" depends="${MODULE_NAME}.build"/>
    <target name="compile" depends="${MODULE_NAME}.compile"/>
    <target name="compile.tests" depends="${MODULE_NAME}.compile.tests"/>
    <target name="test" depends="${MODULE_NAME}.test"/>

    <target name="help">
        <echo message="==============================================================================="/>
        <echo message="${${MODULE_NAME}.module.name} module build file help"/>
        <echo message=""/>
        <echo message="Please run 'ant target' where target is one of these:"/>
        <echo message=""/>
        <echo message="   build             - builds the module"/>
        <echo message="   clean             - cleans the module, removes all generated files"/>
        <echo message="   test              - runs tests and generates reports" />
        <echo message=""/>
        <echo message="==============================================================================="/>
    </target>
</project>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The World Steel Association released its April 2019 Short Range Outlook. worldsteel predicts that global steel demand will reach 1,735 Mt in 2019, an increase of 1.3% over 2018. In 2020, demand is projected to increase by 1.0% to reach 1,752 Mt. In 2018, global steel demand rose by 2.1%, growing slightly slower than in 2017.
The German transport ministers' conference announced that discrimination is no longer tolerable against sea and inland ports and airports, as well as the entire German logistics and forwarding sector. It is caused by the current tax levying process in Germany for import VAT compared to neighbouring countries.
Drewry published a report according to which the new American tariffs on cars and car parts could have a negative impact on some of the largest US ports. President Donald Trump threatened to impose tariffs on 25% of the cars imported. Drewry supports that in the possibility that President Trump implements the tariffs, American auto imports from overseas markets could fall by nearly 15% by 2021.


I am writing to urge you to VOTE in the election of the PSU Board of Trustees..and when you do, I ask you to consider voting for my friend LAURIE STANELL!
Laurie is what Penn State is all about. She is the TRUE definition of A PROUD PENN STATER!
We need someone with Laurie's energy to move us forward and be a key figure for the future of our great University.
She will show up, she will stand up, and she will speak out!!


Advanced Permissions allows for much finer control over permissions in concrete5. It also includes Workflows, a feature which enhances collaboration and provides notifications for certain actions.
How does Advanced Permissions differ from Simple Permissions?