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Panic Buying: The Psychology of Hoarding Toilet Paper, Beans & Soup
There's a very good article by Bella DePaulo, Ph.D. Why Are People Hoarding Toilet Paper? that dives into the psychology of this behavior. It's a good question, because what we're seeing are American consumers acting in a seemingly irrational manner in reaction to the spread of the novel coronavirus, COVID-19.
Panic buying is what people do when faced with an imminent disaster, whether it be natural — such as a hurricane or snowstorm — or something else, like the spread of a virus for which there is no effective treatment or vaccine. And while it seems irrational on the surface, it actually has a rational basis.
I think one of the reasons panic buying seems to make less sense to some during this pandemic is the fact that it's likely to not just last a few days or weeks, but months to come. There's little chance most people can stock up on enough food to feed an entire family, or even oneself, for months on end.1
The Psychology of Hoarding in Times of Crisis
Hoarding is a natural human response — sometimes rational, sometimes emotional — to scarcity or perceived scarcity. According to timely, recently published research (Sheu & Kuo, 2020):
Psychologically, hoarding stems from a human's response, either rationally or emotionally, to scarcity, and so may occur on either the supply or the demand side. As argued by [other researchers], hoarding can be an overall response that involves a mix of a strategic, rational and emotional human responses (such as anxiety, panic and fear) to perceived threats to supply.
Many people hoard during normal times, under the rubric of "bulk purchasing." This is an example of rational hoarding, because people do this in order to enjoy better pricing on staple goods, such as paper products (paper towels, toilet paper, etc.) and food (such as canned food).
People also hoard during times of crisis or disaster, because of a belief — whether it's true or not — of the impending scarcity of a product. In 2008, many Americans panicked about the rice supply due to a global rice shortage during that time. Every typhoon season in Taiwan, the prices of seasonal fruits and vegetables reliably rise over 100%, regardless of actual supply of these staples (Zanna & Rempel, 1988).
Humans perceive reality in two primary ways: rationally and intuitively (or emotionally). Much as a person might try, it is nearly impossible to divorce reality from your experiential and emotional connection to it. You cannot just be a robot (although some people are much better at this than others) and act 100% of the time in a rational, logical manner. This impacts our decision-making when it comes to disaster planning.
People Want to Minimize Risk
Researchers have found that hoarding due to an impending or ongoing disaster is "likely to be self-interest-oriented and planned behavior that is dominated" by people's desire to minimize risk (Sheu & Kuo, 2020). It is less risky to hoard food (and toilet paper) and be wrong about the extent or duration of the disaster, since most of it can be used anyway.
People are motivated largely by self-interest and to avoid suffering (whether physical or emotional, real or perceived). We spend much time weighing possible risks and working to reduce them, because it means we get to live a longer life. People go in for an annual checkup to their doctor's office as they age to prevent unexpected health problems that are more likely to occur as we age. People cross at a crosswalk to reduce their risk of being hit by a car on the street. We hedge our bets in a new relationship to save ourselves from heartache later.
While it may not make much rational sense to hoard cans of beans or soup, it makes us feel like we're taking reasonable precautions to minimize risk. And remember, different people have different risk tolerances. So while one person may feel perfectly fine not stocking up on staple goods, another person may need to.
People are Driven by Emotions
People are also more likely to engage in hoarding when their intuitive, emotional side — driven by anxiety, fear, and panic — believes there is a reason to do so, due to temporary factors, like price volatility or a supply shortage (Sheu & Kuo, 2020). Even though rationally, most people know via historical data that such shortages will be short-lived, emotionally we simply don't believe that.
An emotional contagion can take hold as we observe the actions of others, because people can be easily influenced by seeing other people's behaviors and feelings. The anxiety and worry about food supply shortages is more readily transmitted to others nowadays, due to the immediacy and increased reach of social media. Even if that anxiety and worry is misplaced or irrational, it spreads like its own virus throughout our social media networks.
So when you see images of empty store shelves and hear your friends all stockpiling toilet paper, you think to yourself, "Well, maybe I should be doing this too." It may make little sense to you, but you do it anyway. "Just to be safe."
People Feel a Sense of Relief & Control
I'm not sure that hoarding would be as widespread if, after going on your panic buying spree, you get back to the house and feel even more anxious. Instead, such behavior induces a sense of calm and control. You've taken active measures to reduce your risk (of starvation, of not being able to clean yourself after using the bathroom, etc.), and it provides at least a temporary sense of relief. It helps alleviate some of the fear and anxiety most of us are feeling.
An in an out-of-control situation where a global pandemic is occurring, it's not a stretch to understand that people want to feel that semblance of control (or at least the perception of it). Taking action, even in the form of something as simple as cleaning one's house or buying canned goods, provides at least some relief for the low-level anxiety.
Keep your distance from others. Avoid large gatherings or close social situations. Wash your hands throughout the day for at least 20 seconds. And stop touching your face, or others. And if you must hoard, please try and do so in reasonable amounts. Remember there are many people in the population — such as our senior citizens — who often don't have access to the resources or space to hoard. Good luck and keep safe!
Why Are People Hoarding Toilet Paper?
Sheu, J-B. & Kuo, H-T. (2020). Dual speculative hoarding: A wholesaler-retailer channel behavioral phenomenon behind potential natural hazard threats. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 44.
Zanna, MP & Rempel, JK. (1988). Attitudes: a new look at an old concept, in: The Social Psychology of Knowledge, Editions de la Maison des Sciences de l'Homme, 315–334.
My sincerest thanks to Elsevier's ScienceDirect for providing access to these research articles.
COVID-19 is being compared to the Spanish Flu pandemic of 1918-1919. That pandemic lasted nearly a year, with three distinct waves. Do you remember the President of the United States claiming that the "heat" would kill off COVID-19? Well, history shows that while the heat did indeed impact the Spanish Flu, it simply came back in the fall and winter of 1918 into 1919 — with a vengeance. When it came back, it killed off far more people than it did originally.
Read more: psychcentral.com
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Lee Proud choreographed the new 20th Anniversary production of RENT which is currently touring the UK, making a stop at the St. James Theatre in London over December. His other credits include The Producers (UK tour), The Smallest Show on Earth (UK tour), Billy Elliot (Victoria Palace), Allegro (Southwark Playhouse) and Grand Hotel (Southwark Playhouse).
You've choreographed for many different types of spaces, which ones have been the most challenging?
I think most spaces offer some challenges, but there was one show I did two years ago Off- Broadway and there was only one entrance/exit on stage right as stage left was just a brick wall! It was hideous!!! I had to attempt to create patterns and illusions with the choreography which didn't look like everyone constantly marching off to one side after every number. It was awful!! People also often say to me that it must be hard choreographing in small spaces but I love the challenges and problem solving this involves. I also love the idea of the audience literally feeling the breeze on their face as a performer dances past. Traverse I like as it always offers an interesting perspective which you can keep moving and changing so no one misses out on the story telling.
Do you prefer anyone of those?
I don't have a particular preference, I always try to play to the strengths of the space and rehearse things well so the actors feel comfortable.
How is it making the move from doing a lot of fringe theatre to working on a major UK tour, like RENT?
There's not a lot of difference in the creative process but there are huge differences in resources, budgets and manpower! I enjoy both. I do one or two fringe shows a year and luckily the ones I choose to do, seem to get lots of attention. I do a lot of work internationally and this year I've created choreography for huge theatres in Japan and in Europe.
RENT is currently touring the UK, what drew you to this project?
RENT is a show I first worked on with Bruce Guthrie at Royal Welsh College in Cardiff three years ago. It became a very respected and talked about production. I think we created something which really complimented the energy of the show without losing any of the heart. Bruce was determined we'd do the show again and he's worked very hard to bring this show to life again. I of course jumped at the chance to recreate it again with this wonderful new cast and team.
What's different about this production compared to the other ones that have been on over the years?
Well I think the show had to represent the heart of the original but for a modern audience, and as a choreographer I particularly wanted to place dance more at the heart of the show, and hopefully make it more interesting physically. The cast we have are amazing triple threats and they love performing the show which really comes across to the audience, that's hugely important, the pride they have in the show is key.
Williams (Ex Billy) as an adult?
As soon as Bruce mentioned us doing RENT again, I immediately suggested Layton for Angel. I just couldn't think of a better person for that role. I saw Today 4 U as one of the 'big hitting' numbers and incorporating Laytons incredible ability was a chance not to be missed. Luckily for us this was a dream role for Layton. It feels like he is family to me as I've known him since he was 12. We had great fun putting his number together and there are a lot of references in there from 'Paris is Burning' to 'Madonna' alongside some amazing theatrics which you'll have to come and see to find out!
Much like a lot of the Billy's, you started your career quite early! At 13 you were in Bugsy Malone at Her Majesty's Theatre, How was it coaching the young performers after you'd been there yourself?
It was very interesting, as a child performer I remember looking up to all these amazing people creating the show thinking they had the answers to all of the questions in the theatrical universe!!! It was a huge responsibility and honour to maintain the high standards expected of the children on Billy Elliot. They were honestly inspiring on a daily basis.
How did you make the move from being a performer to a choreographer?
I never dreamt in a million years I'd become a full time choreographer, my first skill is singing!! I was a theatre performer at first, then I co-wrote/produced and recorded music with my band (we had a number three hit in the country charts and we even opened for David Bowie on his world tour). Then I fell back into theatre in the original cast of Billy Elliot.
I was the original dance captain and after three years I became resident choreographer. I learned so much from Peter Darling who is an absolute genius. After four years as resident I was offered Mack and Mabel at Southwark Playhouse, I absolutely loved it and I made the leap to become a freelance choreographer, I've been very lucky and worked with some incredible directors on some great productions. I'm learning every day and I hope I can continue.
On reflection, have their been any shows you've worked on that have really changed you as a professional?
Probably Billy Elliot. It led me onto this trajectory in my career, it felt like I was at University on that show, learning from the very best. Every new project is a huge learning curve, I'm constantly changing as an artist. I still get absolutely terrified before I start a new production although I never show it. Every experience you have in life informs your point of reference and that's a constantly changing, moving thing.
What would be your dream show to choreograph and why?
Ooh! There's loads of shows I'd love to do. I love tap. I love the 20's and 30's. Having said that though, contemporary shows like RENT and Spring Awakening have been on my wish list and I did that with NYMT at Curve this year which was wonderful.
RENT is now touring the country, do you have any other projects going on?
I'm doing the new German speaking production of GHOST which opens in Austria in March. I've got a few other shows and a workshop lined up for next year but I can't announce anything yet. I've also just choreographed the new Shelagh Stephenson play 'Harriet Martineau Dreams of Dancing' which is currently running at Live Theatre in Newcastle.


General Chipping is pleased to announce Oscar Zamarron has joined the team as safety consultant. In his new role, Zamarron will aid in developing and implementing an accident prevention program that focuses on training, compliance and strategic measures for the road ahead.
Zamarron brings 17 years of experience to General Chipping. His past work includes safety leadership and training positions for companies in industries such as construction, equipment rental, mining and manufacturing.
Safety should come first and foremost in any work environment, Zamarron said, but especially in fields like concrete chipping, where missteps could place individuals in life-or-death situations.
Zamarron earned his associate degree in applied science from Texas State Technical College, and obtained certification as a safety and health official for both the construction industry and general industry from The University of Texas at Arlington. He maintains certification across a range of specialties, including but not limited to confined space and trench rescue, first aid and CPR, industrial hygiene and electrical standards.
Alejandro Medellin, one of General Chipping's managing members, said he looks forward to having Zamarron working with his team. Although the company already adhered to strict standards and procedures, he acknowledged that even the best companies have room for improvement.


A: Email me with details about what you'd like. Materials and finish are maker's choice. If you'd like to pick your materials there is an additional $50 fee. Damascus or san mai steel options are available at an additional cost discussed at time of order. Once we've settled on a price, a $100 non refundable deposit is required to be put on the books the order. Balance of the knife is due before shipping and must be paid within 5 weeks of the time I contact you unless other wise discussed- I can be flexible, but communication is required. Knives are tools used for cutting, slicing, and chopping- knives are not pry bars or screw drivers and such use will void my guarantee to fix any problems from normal use. Care instructions will be sent with each knife.
Q: What type of steels do you use.
A: I use high carbon steels- predominately 52100 high carbon steel and w2 tool steel. Other steels occasionally used are Hitachi blue, 1095, 1084, 1080, 1075, 5160, and o1 tool steel.
Q: Do you have any knives in stock?
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A: It depends on how far down the list you are. I can usually give an estimate at the time of order, but it's just that. Making great knives takes time, and it's best not to rush the process. Once your knife is started I'll send photos and updates as I go.


The At Home in Europe programme of the Open Society Foundations is conducting a policy oriented study focusing on seven cities in Europe with significant Somali populations. This project examines the way in which processes of inclusion and exclusion affect Somali communities in European cities.
Subscribe to our newsletter here. Policies and debates on integration and immigration in Europe currently operate in a context of anxiety about ethnic and religious diversity. This anxiety pertains to the shifting demographics brought about by immigration, the perceived erosion of ethnic, national and cultural identities, and the visibility of diversity and religion.
This complex situation presents Europe with one of its greatest challenges: how to ensure equal rights and social cohesion in a climate of political tension, global recession and rapidly expanding diversity. At Home in Europe explores the political, social, cultural and economic participation of minority and marginalized groups in Western Europe via engagement with residents, civil society, and policymakers. Through policy oriented research and advocacy, the initiative explores and examines participation and experiences of communities living in some of Europe's most diverse cities.
OSF develops advocacy strategies and activities based on the findings and recommendations of the research carried out by researchers at PRIO on Somalis in Oslo. These efforts seek to influence local, national and European policies and practices in advancing meaningful participation and non-discrimination of groups. Moreover, activities are designed to empower communities and other civil society actors in their efforts to fight discrimination and initiatives towards embedding equality.


First of all, I brought my enthusiasm. I've been dreaming about participating in a volunteer program for years, so I like defining my participation in the Kering Solidarity Leave programme as a dream come true.
I had the unique opportunity to share my professional experience to support an amazing NGO in Ollantaytambo, Peru. Awamaki is a nonprofit social enterprise that empowers rural Andean women. It offers skills training that connects its women's cooperatives to global market opportunities, and enables them to earn an income to transform their communities. With Awamaki's help, Andean women sell their products to international retailers of ethically-sourced handmade goods.
As an International Sales Expert, I was involved in projects that included: developing the international wholesale strategy and client relationships, with the aim of increasing the sales of their handcrafted products; reviewing sales materials and; renovating the two Fair Trade Stores in Ollantaytambo and improving the shopping experience; assisting with digital marketing; implementing activities aimed at increasing online traffic as well as sales on Awamaki online store.
Living and working in another culture, while donating your time and energy to do a worthwhile cause has great rewards and may enrich your life long after you return home.
Participating in this mission gave me the chance to learn more about small, local and international non-profit work. Through my daily work and interactions with members of the local community, I gained a better understanding of the culture, of fashion, production, and fine arts from its local and historical root, as well as the issues that affect that part of the world. I also learnt a lot about myself, as I took on the challenge of living and working in a completely new environment.
I think it's one of those experiences that puts things into perspective in your life, you gain a new awareness of what is truly important and it makes you feel good. The experience is filled with emotion, you live in places where you would never have gone otherwise, and you see the world through other people's eyes. Finally, you feel useful by sharing your skills, while you learn and grow from everyone around you.
The best memory I have is surely the day spent with the indigenous Quechua community that works with Awamaki. I had the chance to meet lovely and sweet women in the remote mountains of Peru, who showed how they transform alpaca or sheep wool from its raw state into a beautiful, vibrant textile. It was really fascinating to see this ancient art form come to life in its original environment and so interesting to learn about the Pre-Incan weaving tradition and Andean indigenous culture. I loved the fact that the women call each other "compañera"(partner) …it really conveys the idea of community and solidarity. It was a very enriching and special day.
I loved working for a social cause and I'm definitely motivated to continue doing social change activities also in the future. It was an amazing and unique experience, which I'll never forget.


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New Grado headphones rock our Ratings
Grado's new Prestige series dominates our top 10 home/studio stereo headphone Ratings, beating many better-known brands
Published: September 10, 2014 10:16 AM
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Quick—what's the first brand you think of when someone mentions headphones? Chances are, it starts with a "B." But based on our latest headphone Ratings, one brand that deserves more attention is Grado Labs, which earned five of the top 10 slots in our ratings of home/studio-style stereo headphones.
Grado, which has been making headphones—and phono cartridges—by hand in the same shop in Brooklyn for decades, revamped its entire Prestige SR series earlier this summer with a new E series, so we were eager to get our hands on the latest versions. The previous-generation SR60i ($80) and SR80i ($100) models were among our top recommendations, and both were singled out as CR Best Buy choices for value based on their combination of price and performance. The SR325is ($300) had been our top-rated model.
In addition to the new SR60e, SR80e, and 325e models—all priced the same as their predecessors—we also bought and tested the SR125e ($150) and SR225e ($200) step-up models, since the fastest-growing segment of the headphone market right now is premium headphones priced at $100 or more. The results: The SR325e is now our top-rated headphone, followed closely by the SR225e model.
Find the best model for your needs and budget: Check our headphone buying guide and Ratings.
In fact, Grado headphones now take up five of the top 10 slots in our home/studio-style stereo headphone Ratings. Also in the mix: Bowers & Wilkins P7 ($400), HiFiMan's HE-400 ($100 cheaper than it was last year following the introduction of a new HE-400i model), the ATH-M50x ($240) from Audio-Technica, and NAD's Viso HP50 ($300). Any of these headphones should be able to provide satisfying sound, depending on your specific preferences.
Admittedly, Grado headphones aren't for everyone, especially those looking for some fashion flash along with their 'phones. All the models have Grado's classic retro-looking design, which has ironically now given them a bit of hipster appeal. Those fond of tiny earphones or earbuds may want to look elsewhere, because the Grados are all either over- or on-ear models, so they're physically larger and less portable. Also, they have an open-air design, so they don't block out external noise the way many in-ear and over-ear models do. A fair amount of sound can escape from the earcups, which might be a concern if you don't want to bother others while you get your groove on. But all the models we tested have medium-high sensitivity, so they can be used with all but the lowest-powered portable devices.
Grado doesn't spend much money on marketing and advertiing—it relies primarily on reviews and word-of-mouth—so its name may be less familiar, or even unknown, to a lot of people shopping for new headphones. But based on the models that we've tested, they are absolutely worth considering if you're looking for satisfying sound—and maybe even a little hipster coolness thrown in for good measure.
—James K. Willcox
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Painted Lady (Cynthia cardui) This is a migrant species which comes up from the south and is only seen occasionally, but when it visits there can be large numbers of them as in 2009. At first glance it can be mistaken for a tortoiseshell but closer inspection shows that it lacks the distinctive blue semicircles along the trailing edge of the hind wings. It is on the wing between June and August. The yellow-green striped, purple to black caterpillar has long spines on each segment and feeds on thistles.


Prepare a strategy: What is our biggest opportunity? Where is our industry heading?
More than your customers speak about themselves, they can show you the broader market.
Pick a question based on the stage you're at. Together, you can build a SWOT, define KPIs or find out what changes are needed. Invite different groups to advise on different questions.
Most strategic processes fail in the delivery phase. By making everyone part of the design process, you can strengthen their commitment over time.


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Vice President Jack Woods
Secretary Sara Sykes
Public Relations William Arnold
Events & Marketing Kathryn Cox
Honor Council
The purpose of the Honor Council is to educate students on the Rule of Academic Responsibility as a set of ethical guidelines governing law student behavior. During Orientation, all incoming students are asked to sign a pledge signifying their commitment to the Rule of Academic Responsibility.
Chair Andrea McDonald
Vice Chair Emery Sloan
Secretary Chelsea Mott
Intellectual Property Law Society
The Intellectual Property Law Society (IPLS) is a student organization geared towards the practice of intellectual property law. Like tangible property, "ideas" have economic value, and intellectual property law is the vehicle through which corporations and individuals seek to protect their intellectual assets. Intellectual property (IP) law encompasses matters relating to patents, trademarks, copyrights, trade names, the drafting of licensing contracts, infringement litigation, internet law, and computer law. No particular educational background is required to practice IP law; however, a technical background is desirable for those who would like to practice patent law.
President William Walters
International Law Society
The International Law Society aims to facilitate access to information regarding developments in international law and to foster interest and communication pertaining to various topical areas of international law.
President Olivia Dabbs
Vice President Britt Eastman
James L. Petigru Public Interest Law Society
The PILS Summer Grant Program gives law students the opportunity to gain valuable public interest law experience and provides public interest organizations with valuable law student assistance. PILS hosts several fundraisers throughout the year to create funding for the Grant Program.
President Ca'Dedra Sullivan
Vice President John Rieber
Jewish Law Students Association
The JLSA serves as a social, academic, and spiritual resource for Jewish students at South Carolina School of Law. Our goal is to be an inclusive support system for all Jewish students and bring Jewish awareness and events to the law school as a whole. Activities include Shabbat dinners, social and networking events, speakers on Jewish legal topics, mentorship programs, and events celebrating Jewish holidays. Events are open to the school at large.
President Britt Eastman
Secretary Emery Sloan
Latinx Law Student Association
We are a small collective of students seeking to establish a Hispanic/Latino based student organization at the University of South Carolina School of Law. Our hope is to establish a forum where Hispanic/Latino/Latina law students can share a sense of community and help foster the professional and academic development of our members. We plan to bring awareness about the needs of our members within the law school, as well advocate and build relationships within the community. If you are interested in becoming involved with this endeavor, please reach out.
Co-President Ashley Milan
Co-President Adriana Hernandez
Vice President Valentina MejiaVMEJIA@email.sc.edu
Labor & Employment Law Society
The University of South Carolina School of Law Labor and Employment Law Society is a student-governed organization dedicated to providing a greater understanding of the practice of labor and employment law.
Our mission is to develop an enriching and informative outlet for students through subject related events and luncheons with renowned attorney guest speakers, while also providing career guidance and networking opportunities.
Law Students for Reproductive Justice
Law Students for Reproductive Justice is a national organization dedicated to the support, education, activism and professional training of pro-choice law students.
Law Students of Color Collaborative
Law Students of Color Collective's Goal is to create a platform for all students of color to share their experiences and concerns with each other. Our top three goals are (1) allowing a space for student of color to gather and network among each other, (2) creating a safe space for BIPOC students to discuss the issues that affect our communities and (3) building a community in which all BIPOC can discuss our differences and gain a better understanding of each of our communities.
Co-President Shiaza Tindal
Co-President John Reese
The UofSC Mock Trial Bar hones students' evidence, civil procedure, and oral advocacy skills through participation in simulated trials. With coaching from award winning local attorneys, members of the bar learn how to draft and deliver witness examinations, opening arguments, and closing arguments. Each semester bar members are selected to represent the University of South Carolina School of Law in external competitions throughout the nation. Based on the team's recent performance in those competitions the bar has garnered recognition as one of the best mock trial programs in the nation.
Learn more about our Mock Trial program
Chief Justice Destinee Wilson
Faculty Coach Brett Bayne
Moot Court Bar
The Moot Court Bar has been established by students of the University of South Carolina School of Law in order to learn and adopt principles of appellate advocacy; to enhance analytical, writing, and oral advocacy skills; to administer intramural moot court competitions at the Law School; to select and prepare teams to represent the Law School at extramural moot court competitions; to encourage respect for the highest standards of professionalism before our state and federal appellate courts; and to promote the Moot Court Bar's activities within the Law School, the legal profession, and the community at large.
Chief Justice A.C. Parham
Faculty Coach Brook Andrews
Phi Alpha Delta
Founded in 1902, Phi Alpha Delta is the largest professional co-ed fraternity in the United States. The Pinckney Chapter at the University of South Carolina was established November 30, 1949. Since then, Pinckney Chapter received national and local recognition with the fraternity's international foundation and the legal community, including awards for Outstanding Chapter in 1964, 1980, 1984, 1986, and Most Improved Chapter in 2014. After reactivating in 2013, the Pinckney Chapter has dedicated its time to serve our local community through Harvest Hope and other local organizations. By helping the community, our aspiring lawyers find other ways to serve their community outside of a law firm. Our Chapter's activities include co-sponsoring the faculty auction through fundraisers, including bake sales and raffles for wine pulls, where the proceeds go towards local charities, including Harvest Hope. Our goal this year is to find more ways to serve our community and promote professionalism.
Phi Delta Phi
Founded in 1869, Phi Delta Phi is the oldest legal organization in continuous existence in the United States. Phi Delta Phi was established to promote a higher standard of professional ethics in the legal community. The Calhoun Inn benefits the legal community by impressing upon law students, in the formative years of their legal careers, the need for integrity and strong ethical ties. Our Chapter's activities include sponsoring the Faculty Auction to raise money for the Public Interest Law Society's Summer Grant Program. This past year, we raised enough money to help fund 11 summer jobs. Various philanthropic and social activities are also planned throughout the year.
Real Estate Law Society
Real Estate, the foundation of wealth in the United States, is a limitless source of legal issues. The Real Estate Law Society invites real estate attorneys and real estate professionals as guest speakers to provide our members with opportunities to explore real estate legal interests with practical, real life examples of land use, financing, investment, litigation, policy, and development.
Service Members & Veterans in Law
Service Members and Veterans in Law encourages public interest in, and pro bono work on, issues related to the welfare and interests of military personnel and veterans; helps veterans assimilate into law school; and creates networking opportunities between veterans in the legal community and students who share similar backgrounds.
President Hunter Pope
Vice President Ryan Mosser
South Carolina Against Trafficking
The purpose of South Carolina Against Trafficking is to help spread awareness in the Columbia community about the pressing issue of human trafficking and its effect on the world, in particular the American South. The group will also help support the victims of human trafficking by having fundraisers to raise money to send to various victim shelters in the Columbia area.
South Carolina Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers
The South Carolina Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers is devoted to protecting the liberty of the citizens of South Carolina by fighting to ensure justice and due process for all persons accused of any criminal act.
We promote excellence and integrity in the practice of criminal law by providing the highest quality criminal law seminars to those who defend the accused.
We speak with a united voice in challenging legislation directed to limiting or eliminating the rights of the individual and we labor for laws that preserve equal access to justice for all.
Sports & Entertainment Law Society
The mission of the Sports and Entertainment Law Society is to provide a community for law students to connect with like minded students interested in sports and/or entertainment law. The SELS will provide students with monthly meetings where they can engage attorneys that work (or have worked) in the profession.
Student Animal Legal Defense Fund
Student Animal Legal Defense Fund (SALDF) is a student group affiliated with the Animal Legal Defense Fund and we share its mission to protect the lives and advance the interests of animals through the legal system.
SALDF works with local shelters, including Pawmetto Lifeline and SQ Rescue, to assist with adoption events and any other needed assistance. Each year SALDF hosts events at the law school, such as the Cutest Pet Contest, to raise animal rights awareness and collect funds for local shelters. We also bring in puppies to assist students with stress management during exam week.
President Chandler Arrowood
Vice President A.C. Parham
Event Coordinator Cori Stewart
Media Coordinator Kristyn Barfoot
The Student Bar Association ("SBA") is the student legislative body at the University of South Carolina School of Law and is comprised of an Executive Council (with four members) and a Legislative Council (with eight members from each class for a total of 24 representatives). SBA represents student interests and serves as the liaison between student body, administration, and faculty. It also provides many services for the student body including the Peer Mentor Program, social events, and intramural sports.
President Michael Parks
Vice President Grace Brown
Treasurer Andi Borhanian
Student Federal Bar Association
The Federal Bar Association University of South Carolina Law Student Division was created to support the needs and interests of students aspiring to federal practice, both public and private, as well as to strengthen student interest and knowledge of the Federal Legal system.
President Maxwell Patel
Vice President Mary Williams
Secretary Nicole Pares
Technology and Law Student Association
The purpose of this organization is to bring together a community of students interested in the intersection of technology and the law, and provide information and resources to our community. Further, we aim to clarify that technology is more than computers and science, it is any innovation in any area.
Women In Law seeks to encourage students as they enter the legal profession. We provide opportunities for our members to learn about the legal field from successful women lawyers. We serve others, particularly in areas benefiting women. We foster a community to support you through law school and into your career.
President Kristen Soucy
Vice President Brittany Roberts
Secretary Madison Rinehart
Networking Coordinator Catherine Catoe
Treasurer Margaret Scalise
Student Organization Resources
These resources are for current members of Law School Student Organizations.
Student Organization Manual
Allocation Request
Dana Maurizio
"My experience, as well as many other students, at UofSC Law, was impacted substantially by my involvement with student organizations. There is no shortage of ways to get involved as a law student but student organizations allow for personal growth within the field we're studying but also within the surrounding community.
The most memorable student organization experience during law school was the ability to work toward a fundraising goal with other classmates. Achieving this goal would ensure funding for classmates working pro bono jobs in South Carolina during the summer. Often, students are limited to accepting paid positions, we were able to lessen this burden and give to students and the community."


FREEHOLD, NJ – Monmouth County is seeking public input concerning the ability to find affordable housing. The information is needed to qualify for Community Development Block Grant (CDBG), HOME Investment Partnership (HOME) and Emergency Solutions Grant (ESG) programs.
The information gathered will be included in the county's "Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice" plan, which is required by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. The purpose of this plan is to identify any issues faced by residents that restrict their ability to find affordable housing and to arrive at solutions to address these issues.
The public's participation is needed to help shape the plan with an eye toward improving housing choices for all residents in the county.


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STEVE AOKI, FLUME AND UNDERWORLD NOMINATED IN 2017 GRAMMYS
Submitted by DJ Mag Staff on Wed, 2016-12-07 14:48
Nominations for the 2017 Grammys have been announced!
Dim Mak boss Steve Aoki's I'll Sleep When I'm Dead is in the running for Best Music Film, while the Romain Gavras directed video to Jamie xx's 'Gosh' is nominated for Best Music Video.
Amongst those up for Best Dance/Electronic Album are Aussie Flume for 'Skin', Jean-Michel Jarre's 'Electronica 1: The Time Machine', UK legends Underworld for 'Barbara Barbara, We Face A Shining Future)' and Louie Vega for his 'Louie Vega Starring...XXVIII'.
Read more about STEVE AOKI, FLUME AND UNDERWORLD NOMINATED IN 2017 GRAMMYS
LISTEN TO STEVE AOKI'S REMIX OF MY CHEMICAL ROMANCE
Submitted by Rob McCallum on Tue, 2016-11-29 13:54
Steve Aoki has remixed My Chemical Romance's 'Welcome To The Black Parade' for the 20th anniversary of his Dim Mak label. You can listen to it below.
We reported last week that the remix was set to drop on Monday 28th November through Aoki's imprint, after he had been previewing it in his sets over the last few months.
Read more about LISTEN TO STEVE AOKI'S REMIX OF MY CHEMICAL ROMANCE
STEVE AOKI TO DROP MY CHEMICAL ROMANCE REMIX NEXT WEEK
Submitted by DJ Mag Staff on Fri, 2016-11-25 16:22
If you're a pop-punk purist you best look away now; Dim Mak bossman Steve Aoki has remixed My Chemical Romance's 'Welcome To The Black Paradise' and it's out next week.
The remix is set to drop this coming Monday, 28th November on the producer's own EDM/electro imprint, and he's been previewing the remix in his sets over the last few months in preparation.
Read more about STEVE AOKI TO DROP MY CHEMICAL ROMANCE REMIX NEXT WEEK
STEVE AOKI'S DIM MAK CELEBRATES 20TH ANNIVERSARY WITH NEW COMPILATION
Submitted by Gabrielle Pharms on Sun, 2016-11-20 19:00
Since 1996, Dim Mak, Steve Aoki's legendary imprint, has made quite the impression on the industry, encompassing everything from edgy rock to trendsetting electro.
On Friday 25th November, Dim Mak are set to release a 20th anniversary compilation available on digital, physical CD and vinyl formats. The CD version features 20 iconic Dim Mak songs hand-picked by Steve Aoki, including selects from Bloc Party, The Chainsmokers, The Kills and more.
Read more about STEVE AOKI'S DIM MAK CELEBRATES 20TH ANNIVERSARY WITH NEW COMPILATION
WATCH STEVE AOKI'S DIM MAK STAGE LIVE STREAM AT ELECTRIC ZOO 2016
Submitted by Rob McCallum on Fri, 2016-09-02 10:21
Steve Aoki's Dim Mak Records celebrates its 20th anniversary this year, and to mark the occasion the label is hosting a stage at Electric Zoo 2016, which runs from Friday 2nd to Sunday 4th September in Randall's Island Park, New York.
Aoki's Dim Mak host the Riverside Stage on Saturday 3rd September, and if you can't be there, you won't have to miss a beat as UphoricTV will be live streaming the whole event, which starts at 3pm EST/7pm GMT.
Read more about WATCH STEVE AOKI'S DIM MAK STAGE LIVE STREAM AT ELECTRIC ZOO 2016
STEVE AOKI'S NETFLIX DOCUMENTARY IS OUT NOW
Submitted by Andrew Rafter on Mon, 2016-08-22 15:41
Steve Aoki's Netflix documentary, 'I'll Sleep When I'm Dead, is available worldwide from today.
To mark the occasion Aoki will be taking part in Facebook Live Q&A on Wednesday 24th August, which will be moderated by American TV anchor and journalist Katie Couric.
The film has been some three years in the making and was recorded during the making of Aoki's 'Neon Future' double album.
Read more about STEVE AOKI'S NETFLIX DOCUMENTARY IS OUT NOW
DJ MAG MEETS MILLER SOUNDCLASH JUDGE, LUCA PRETOLESI
Submitted by Charlie Small on Wed, 2016-08-17 11:01
As the dust settles on 2016's Miller SoundClash DJ competition, we catch up with one of the judges, Luca Pretolesi, who has worked with some of the world's biggest dance music stars, including Steve Aoki, Borgeous and Diplo.
Vegas-based Luca, gives us the lowdown on his Miller SoundClash experience alongside real insight into his studio setup, workflow and much more...
Luca, please can you tell us a little bit about your history and the work you do?
Read more about DJ MAG MEETS MILLER SOUNDCLASH JUDGE, LUCA PRETOLESI
HARD ROCK CAFE COULD BE HELD LIABLE FOR STEVE AOKI'S NECK-BREAKING STAGE DIVE
Submitted by Rob McCallum on Thu, 2016-08-04 10:53
Hard Rock Cafe could be held liable for Steve Aoki's neck-breaking stage dive in 2012, after the victim's lawyer told a jury during a hearing on Tuesday (2nd August) that they should have known the Dim Mak label boss would attempt the stunt.
Legal proceedings around the incident first started last year, when it was reported that Aoki was being sued by a fan who claimed to have sustained a broken neck at the show in San Diego.
Read more about HARD ROCK CAFE COULD BE HELD LIABLE FOR STEVE AOKI'S NECK-BREAKING STAGE DIVE
STEVE AOKI: HAVING HIS CAKE AND EATING IT
Submitted by Ben Murphy on Fri, 2016-04-01 14:12
He's built a musical empire on DiY ethics, hard work, punk rock drive and lots and lots of cakes. As he prepares to headline the DJ Mag Miami party this month, we investigate whether it's possible for the Dim Mak man to please the public AND satisfy his deeper creative drive…
Read more about STEVE AOKI: HAVING HIS CAKE AND EATING IT
BH MALLORCA ANNOUNCES HUGE 2016 LINE-UPS
Submitted by Andrew Rafter on Fri, 2016-03-04 11:01
BH Mallorca has lifted the lid on its huge plans for its 2016 season with Dim Mak Records boss and the king of cakes Steve Aoki set to bring his Neon Future party to the sun-kissed island on both July 21st and August 2nd.
On June 21st multi-million selling singer Jess Glyne will be touching down on the tourist hotspot and will be playing the outdoor stage, whilst French EDM star and all-round legend David Guetta will be playing on August 7th.
Read more about BH MALLORCA ANNOUNCES HUGE 2016 LINE-UPS


Faculty evaluations, such as annual reviews, tenure/promotion evaluations, sabbatical application reviews, etc., can be created manually or using a workflow. Each evaluation process consists of independent evaluations that can be performed at the different levels. In a typical academic institution that would be at the department, college and/or university levels as part of a single comprehensive evaluation process.
Administrators can only create evaluation processes at or below their level ofadministrative rights. For example, a dean of the College of Arts & Sciences, with administrative rights for that college, can only create evaluation processes for that college and the departments within it.
In creating a workflow, the steps in the evaluation process are set up. For example, a tenure evaluation could have steps 1 5 where step one is a faculty self-evaluation and step 5 is the Deans evaluation. Using the Evaluation Workflow, the progression from step 1 to step 5 is automatically handled by the system based on start / end dates/times, faculty involved, evaluation documents to be used, etc.
Faculty evaluations are automatically spawned in the Process set-up based on the steps defined in the Evaluation Workflow.The individual evaluations are created automatically saving the software administrator time and effort in set up.
The Evaluation Workflow has a one to many relationship the workflow can be created and then re-used for multiple processes. For example, a workflow named Annual Review can be used for a process called Tenured Faculty Annual Review and a process called Tenure-track Faculty Annual Review. What is common between these two processes is that the steps in the workflow are all the same but the faculty in each process is different.
The workflow can also be used in subsequent years. For example, a Tenure Evaluation Workflow can be created and then used for 2014 Tenure Evaluation, 2015 Tenure Evaluation, 2016 Tenure Evaluation, etc.
Evaluations can be easily customized by unit and then those customizations can be applied to other units.
Among the many options of moving from one step to the next is the option to select Completion of Previous Step for the purpose of beginning the next step in the evaluation dependent upon the completion of the previous step.
Determine if the Manual Evaluation Process or Evaluation Workflow best suits your needs, using the table below for reference.
Set the Start and Due dates for each step in the evaluation.
Create an individual evaluation for each step for each faculty member to be evaluated.


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We sketch each original design at our Dubai studio until we feel we have something perfect.
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text:
Q: How to add and compile my QT application in Yocto image (which contains QT-5 layer.)? I am trying to add a qt widgets application/project to my yocto image and compile it through it. I know that I have to add a custom layer and make a recipe which has reference to the files of the qt application. I have also inherited qmake5 and inserted DEPENDS += "qtbase", but I am confused about which files to refer through SRC_UI in my recipe. The QT application file is a bare bone project called "hi" which contains no additional code and pops up a plain helloworld window. The project file contains following files:
    main.cpp
    hi.pro
    hi.pro.user
    mainwindow.cpp
    mainwindow.h
    ui_mainwindow.h

A reference recipe using above mentioned files would be really helpful.Thanks.

A: I have an old response about QT recipes in Yocto.
Check: how to build simple qt application using yocto?
It contains a reference hello world recipe.
You just need to copy your files into recipes' folder and specify all files in SRC_URI or:
If your project is collected under one folder hi:
Place hi under: qtexample/files and specify it in the recipe:
SRC_URI = "file://hi"
S = "${WORKDIR}/hi"

EDIT:
Do not forget to mention the files to package:
FILES_${PN} = "/opt/*"

EDIT2:
If your recipe depends on a library or set of tools at run time, check what recipes are providing those libraries and add in your recipe:
RDEPENDS_${PN} += "recipe"

where recipe is what providing your runtime dependency.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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CNA's Open Source Analysis of Soviet Military Writings
Posted byB_Dismukes	 November 24, 2020 November 24, 2020 Leave a comment on CNA's Open Source Analysis of Soviet Military Writings
Explanatory Note: CNA's Soviet navy studies program in the 1970s and 80s analyzed the traditional bodies of evidence, classified and unclassified, including Soviet naval operations, exercises, building programs, etc. But its main focus was on analyzing open source Soviet military writings. I was a team member and the program's director from 1973 to 1982. The program's work and successes are described in my "The Return of Great Power Competition: Cold War Lessons about Strategic Anti-Submarine Warfare and Defense of Sea Lines of Communication" Naval War College Review, Summer 2020, forthcoming. As I note in the post, open source writings yielded conclusions about Soviet strategic intentions eight years before the Intelligence Community reached identical conclusions drawn from traditional intelligence sources. Jamie McConnell and Bob Weinland were lead analysts. Others making important contributions were Susan Clarke, Mary Fitzgerald, Ken Kennedy, Hung Nguyen, Charlie Petersen, Richard Remnek, Abe Shulsky, Lauren Van Meter, and Barry Blechman (work published later as a Brookings Institution monograph).
This post describes the methodologies used at CNA during the Cold War. Its aim is to illuminate techniques that proved successful then with the hope that they may have something useful to say to analysts today. A conclusion suggests several measures that might inform open source work in the future.
FULL POST – CNA's Open Source Analysis of Soviet Military Writings
Analysts at CNA drew on all the standard sources of information, classified and unclassified, to infer the Soviet navy's strategic purposes—building programs, operations, exercises, organizational structure, etc. But the major focus of effort was on interpretation of open source Soviet military writings. Analysts examined the adversary's public statements at two levels: at the level of capabilities and tactics, taking their often revealing statements at face value; at the strategic level, reading what they say and inferring their true beliefs and intentions.
For the big strategic questions open source writings provided the best and earliest answers. The experience of the Cold War showed that insights into Soviet planning at the strategic level rarely came from any other source—the 1980-81 SCI breakthrough being the momentous exception. Interpreting the Soviets at the strategic level relied on a variety of content analysis techniques long used in various fields of the social sciences: frequency of mention of a topic usually indicated its importance. Absence of reference to a salient topic could also signal importance. Imputing to your adversary plans to do something that he has never contemplated could suggest your own intentions. For example, the Soviets said that when the US Navy deployed the Trident SSBN, it intended to use its ASW forces to defend Trident against possible attack. Using these relatively simple techniques, a close reading of the Soviet military press in 1971-73 showed that the Soviets were seriously concerned about the possible vulnerability of their SSBNs and were intent on defending them—the so-called "pro-SSBN" mission.1
Two other, more subtle, techniques yielded deeper strategic meaning: pure linguistic interpretation of the Soviet military vocabulary and inferences drawn from the byzantine forms of expression commonly used in Soviet military discourse. In the latter, the Soviets rarely stated an important point; they only implied it.2 Linguistic interpretation was central to James McConnell's exegesis of the Gorshkov articles (1972-73) in Morskoy sbornik. This interpretation gave a larger strategic meaning to "pro-SSBN."
The single English word "defense" is rendered in Russian by two words: zashchita (защи́та) and oborona (оборона). McConnell detected in Gorshkov and in other authoritative Soviet writers that zashchita defense tasks were assigned by the General Staff, roughly equivalent to the US Joint Chiefs of Staff. The land-based missiles of the Strategic Rocket Forces were for zashchita (defense) to fight and win a war. Oborona defense tasks, on the other hand, were assigned by the Defense Council, the highest political body dealing with defense, the equivalent of the US National Security Council. The missiles of the Soviet Navy—to be withheld from initial strikes, as described above—were for oborona (defense) to achieve the war's political goals. This linguistic difference was highly indicative of the role of SSBNs as a strategic reserve.3
Yet there was more evidence of this role to be found in analysis of the byzantine forms that often marked Soviet writings. Metaphor and (ostensibly) historical analogy were used to express an idea with real contemporary meaning. This form of exposition was presumably meant to communicate a message transparently to an internal audience, but obscured to outsiders. The most telling example, also from McConnell, was Gorshkov's treatment of the Royal Navy's Admiral Jellicoe in World War I. With one exception, the Battle of Jutland, Jellicoe did not commit the British Grand Fleet to battle. Instead the Fleet was held back as a "strategic reserve" in protected "bastions" at Scapa Flow in the Orkneys, while a world war raged on hundreds of miles to the south.
In the ensuing 40 years every Soviet naval historian, without fail, had excoriated Jellicoe. They said he should have come forward, destroyed the German navy, and help turn the tide (quite implausibly) in a frozen land war. Then, suddenly in 1973, Gorshkov reverses this assessment of Jellicoe: Jellicoe, he said, was right! He made the correct decision. Maintaining the Grand Fleet as a strategic reserve was wise because possessing a reserve of strategic power can be decisive in determining the outcome of a war. In other words, Gorshkov was saying, Jellicoe was smart to have his reserve. And I've got mine.
This mode Soviet expression was surely byzantine. In this sense it was similar to the alien idea it expressed—using a navy to protect a strategic nuclear reserve. It was alien to the modes of expression of US strategic thinking, yet its proper interpretation did yield a valid insight of considerable strategic utility. But it was not recognized as valid at the time. This was not a new problem. The Intelligence Community has had a blind spot to conclusions drawn from open sources from the earliest days of work in the field. Consider some cases where accurate conclusions were ignored or rejected:
World War II – Alexander George and others in the US and Britain analyzed Nazi war propaganda and drew valid forecasts of important German moves like the V1 and the V2 missiles and their tank offensive at Kursk. Their results were generally ignored, as George documented in a doctoral thesis at the University of Chicago.4
Korean War – Open source work forecast Chinese intervention if the US moved north.
Cold War – Besides CNA's, important open source work of others were also ignored or rejected. Robert Herrick's case was the most notable.
Despite, or perhaps because of, this rather dismal record, since the late 1990s, open source work has expanded, its status has been elevated, and, presumably, its conclusions are used more widely by the Intelligence Community today. The establishment of the National Open Source Center and the office of Assistant National Intelligence Director for Open Source bear witness to these advances.
The experience of the Cold War suggests several measures that could be adopted or enhanced across the discipline as whole to improve the quality and strengthen the utility of open source work. First, analysts should study systematically the phenomenon of "disinformation." Disinformation is difficult, if not impossible, for any large organization to inject into its planning documents, except perhaps for the briefest periods. The simple reason is that you cannot lie to your own people without engendering confusion if not chaos. But detecting and guarding against disinformation is always an obligation both to avoid being tricked and, especially, so the open source analyst can assuage doubts about the reliability of open source work that many of its consumers harbor. The latter are usually convinced that they themselves would never publicly reveal their own true beliefs and intentions to their adversaries and are similarly convinced that their (secretive and duplicitous) adversaries follow the same dictate. Open source analysts have to be able to explain cogently how they reached their conclusions. In other words, analysts must be able to show that their techniques work not just in practice but also in theory.
Second, analysts must make sure that conclusions drawn from open source work are properly protected. Just because the sources being analyzing are unclassified that does not mean the conclusions drawn are unclassified as well. Analysts need to be self-policing. For example, they should weigh carefully the desirability of putting into the public domain, most especially via the Internet, important conclusions bearing on important issues.
Third, open source analysis would benefit from a general accounting of which of its many techniques are efficacious and which are less so. This would seem especially important where, today or in the future, some "analysts" on the internet may in fact be bogus, intent on misleading or confusing genuine academic debate. A record of systematic assessment of the discipline would also aid in the integration of open source work with other established sources of intelligence to produce genuinely "all source" intelligence. NIEs that do not include a healthy measure of evidence drawn from open sources are unlikely to be as accurate nor as substantial as they could be.
1. Hattendorf, citing Dismukes, "Evolving Wartime Missions of the Soviet General Purpose Force Navy," (Secret) June, 1973 (Center for Naval Analyses 001061, p.16). John B. Hattendorf, The Evolution of the U.S. Navy's Maritime Strategy, 1977–1986, Newport Paper 19 (Newport, RI: Naval War College Press, 2004), chapter 2 (first published in a classified version as Newport Paper 6, 1989)
2. James M. McConnell, with Susan Clark and Mary Fitzgerald, "Analyzing the Soviet Military Press – Spot Report No. 1: The Irrelevance Today of Sokolovskiy's Book Military Strategy," Arlington, VA: Center for Naval Analyses, CRM 35-85 (May, 1985)
3. For a quite accessible account of McConnell's methods and findings see Steven Walt, "Analysts in War and Peace" Professional Paper 458, (Arlington, VA: Center for Naval Analyses, 1987) 4. Alexander George, Propaganda Analysis (Chicago, IL: Row, Peterson and Company, 1959)
Posted byB_Dismukes November 24, 2020 November 24, 2020 Posted inUncategorized
Global Blockade vs. Russia


Question: What would you like to have: Fruit juice, Soda, Tea, Chocolate, Milo, or Coffee?
Answer: With cow milk, please.
It's nice to have options. In a sort of reversal, I was asked in a coffee shop if I wanted regular milk. What's regular milk? It turned out to be 2%.
As if we needed further proof that the world has gone mad!
Sparkling water, plain, squeeze of 1/4 of a Lemon.
Supply exceeds demand, prices fall.
I am filled with so much laughter that I forgot all about what I really want to drink.
Does this high-class restaurant actually ever sell anything?? Sheesh!


text:
Stigmatisation Impacts GP Attendance, Medication Use And Health Of Same-Sex Couples
In Australia, Mental Health•By LOTL_Staff•May 18, 2020•5 Minutes
In regions where stigmatisation was low, researchers found that women in same-sex relationships used more scripts for mental health disorders and were less likely to visit a GP than their heterosexual counterparts.
Australians in same-sex relationships who experience ongoing stigmatisation in their communities visit the GP less often, use more antidepressant medication and are more likely to have poorer health, compared to their heterosexual counterparts, a new study by Monash University has found.
Researchers found that same-sex couples living in locations where high levels of stigmatisation are present were less likely to use primary health care services and, in the case of gay men, were less aware of or adherent to HIV-related medication.
The study was conducted by PhD researcher Karinna Saxby along with Dr Sonja de New and Associate Professor Dennis Petrie from the Centre for Health Economics in the Monash Business School, and published to coincide with the International Day Against Homophobia, Transphobia and Biphobia 2020 on 17 May.
Researchers mapped the results of the 2017 Australian Marriage Law Postal Survey to the nation's largest administrative dataset of same-sex relationships, containing 83,167 records.
They then measured the extent to which structural stigma – 'no' votes against same-sex marriage – was associated with healthcare and prescription medicine use among individuals in same-sex relationships. Across the nation, on average, 38 per cent of Australians voted 'no'.
The research examined how stigma was related to the likelihood of visiting a GP and the number of visits; the use of nervous system scripts, the majority of which are used to treat mental health disorders; the likelihood of reporting a disability; HIV medication; and changes in pathology related care, including services for sexual health checks.
The study found that as structural stigma increases, compared to their heterosexual peers, Australians in same-sex relationships:
are less likely to visit the doctor and use fewer GP and pathology services if they do;
use more scripts for mental health disorders (such as antidepressants and anti-anxiety medication); and
are more likely to report having a disability or to have received disability support payment.
"The lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) community have worse health outcomes than their heterosexual counterparts. Sociocultural factors that disadvantage minority groups can contribute to these health inequalities by inducing pathophysiological stress responses, risky health behaviours and apprehension to seek appropriate healthcare," Ms Saxby said.
"Our results suggest that individuals in same-sex relationships in stigmatised regions are in poorer health and have an increased use of medications for mental health disorders, such as antidepressants, but are less likely to seek proper help."
Of the 83,519 individuals in same-sex relationships, 6,550 (8 per cent) women and 5,411 (6 per cent) men lived in regions with high structural stigma.
In regions with a higher percentage of no votes, women in same-sex relationships used even fewer GP services but also filled more scripts for mental health disorders.
Similarly, men in same-sex relationships in high-stigma regions used fewer GP and pathology services but more scripts for mental health disorders than their heterosexual counterparts.
In particular, the researchers found that these effects of stigmatisation were strongest for individuals in same-sex relationships with lower income, less education and those living in regions with less access to GPs and other healthcare providers.
"Altogether, our research suggests that although sexual minorities in stigmatised regions are in poorer health and therefore arguably have greater healthcare needs, they are less likely to access primary healthcare services," Ms Saxby said.
"This highlights the need for policies to reduce structural stigma, improve access to healthcare and, more broadly, interventions to reduce the health and healthcare disparities in sexual minorities."
Children Of Same-Sex Couples Happier And Healthier
Los Angeles Based Artist Lucy & La Mer Continues To Spread Cheer With Her latest EP "I Feel Better Now"
Dance Loud Has Released Their Mesmerizing New Single And Video For 'Why Lie'


text:
SMOKING GUN? OR SMOKING MUSHROOM CLOUD?
johndoraemi Thu, 08/07/2008 - 7:14pm
Iraqi intelligence
Mohamed Atta
The Forged Iraqi Letter: What Just Happened?
By Ron Suskind
07/08/08 "Huffington Post" -- - -What just happened? Evidence. A secret that has been judiciously kept for five years just spilled out. All of what follows is new, never reported in any way:
The Iraq Intelligence Chief, Tahir Jalil Habbush — a man still carrying with $1 million reward for capture, the Jack of Diamonds in Bush's famous deck of wanted men — has been America's secret source on Iraq. Starting in January of 2003, with Blair and Bush watching, his secret reports began to flow to officials on both sides of the Atlantic, saying that there were no WMD and that Hussein was acting so odd because of fear that the Iranians would find out he was a toothless tiger. The U.S. deep-sixed the intelligence report in February, "resettled" Habbush to a safe house in Jordan during the invasion and then paid him $5 million in what could only be considered hush money.
In the fall of 2003, after the world learned there were no WMD — as Habbush had foretold — the White House ordered the CIA to carry out a deception. The mission: create a handwritten letter, dated July, 2001, from Habbush to Saddam saying that Atta trained in Iraq before the attacks and the Saddam was buying yellow cake for Niger with help from a "small team from the al Qaeda organization."
The mission was carried out, the letter was created, popped up in Baghdad, and roiled the global newcycles in December, 2003 (conning even venerable journalists with Tom Brokaw). The mission is a statutory violation of the charter of CIA, and amendments added in 1991, prohibiting CIA from conduction disinformation campaigns on U.S. soil.
So, here we go again: the administration full attack mode, calling me names, George Tenet is claiming he doesn't remember any such thing — just like he couldn't remember "slam dunk" — and reporters are scratching their heads. Everything in the book is on the record. Many sources. And so, we watch and wait….
Pulitzer Prize-winner Ron Suskind is the author of The Way of the World. See http://www.ronsuskind.com
Copyright © 2008 HuffingtonPost.com, Inc.
COTS:
Dear Huffington Post,
What you have just published is an open accusation of CONSPIRACY. How to explain this, when Ariana Huffington herself has made a no "conspiracy theory" policy on your blog?
The conspiracy your article describes does indeed relate to 9/11, and to the actions of the alleged suicide "ringleader" Mohamad Atta. Why can this topic be permitted on your blog, yet blanket censorship is the official policy there for all other 9/11 cover-up matters?
Why can't I discuss known glaring contradictions in the government's reports about the attacks?
What about these facts?
No, you won't respond to me. You won't respond to a "truth movement" of millions, either. So why carry Ron Suskind's conspiracy theory? It's quite out of step of your usual standards.
If the Bushites committed a massive conspiracy to launch an illegal war of aggression on Iraq (the "supreme international crime"), then why is it exactly that they couldn't commit other conspiracies closer to home?
Not holding my breath for a response, Ariana.
johndoraemi's blog
great letter calling them on their policy toward conspiracies.
Will the left gatekeepers ever come around? Or are they terminally married to the illogical official conspiracy theory?
Thanks John, for calling them on it.
ROBinDALLAS on Thu, 08/07/2008 - 8:49pm.
Just hope Ron made several copies
of the tapes he says he has of those interviews and he should probably go greyhound for a while.
Could it be THE STRAW that breaks impeachment camel's back.
While we all hold our breathes...........how bout a little OT humor.
If you wanna see me destroy that "laser beams from space crowd" at the comments on a diary post from Wed. at OpEd, check it out, kinda hilarious.
I was feeling wordy, took em on one against four, each one sent running with their tails twixt legs.
camusrebel on Thu, 08/07/2008 - 8:50pm.
Might I suggest...
...that taking Greyhound is NOT a good idea?
http://www.cbc.ca/canada/story/2008/07/31/greyhound-transcanada.html
Mel on Thu, 08/07/2008 - 11:41pm.
I'm amazed at how this story just seems to have come and gone.
Chris Rose on Thu, 08/07/2008 - 9:35pm.
"I'm amazed at how this story just seems to have come and gone.
Not quite gone but going fast like innumerable others that could have/should have began the ending of all the insanity.
One thing remains: a rapidly growing number of perceptive, compassionate, people who won't be fooled again.
Joe on Thu, 08/07/2008 - 10:41pm.
Ron Suskind on Fresh Air NPR
http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=93319762
Ron Suskind Alleges War Fought On False Premises
Listen Now [45 min 7 sec]
Ron Suskind won a Pulitzer Prize in 1995 for reporting on honors students in inner-city schools.
Fresh Air from WHYY, August 7, 2008 · Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist Ron Suskind says the Bush administration buried critical information in the lead-up to the Iraq war.
In his new book, The Way of the World, Suskind writes about a secret meeting in early 2003 in which intelligence officials were told by Iraq's intelligence chief, Tahir Jalil Habbush, that Saddam Hussein had no weapons of mass destruction. According to his book, the Bush administration then buried the report.
Suskind also alleges that the White House forged a letter from Habbush that linked Iraq to the attacks on Sept. 11. However, two of Suskind's sources now deny that a fake document was produced.
Suskind is the author of The One Percent Doctrine and A Hope in the Unseen. Previously, he worked as the senior national affairs writer for The Wall Street Journal.
I couldn't find this article
I couldn't find this article on HuffPost. They bury stuff really fast. The troll article disappeared really fast as well.
sweetwood on Fri, 08/08/2008 - 12:00am.
The blog you were looking for was not found.
John, when I click on your 'list of facts' link, I get the above error message. Did you presumably list the actual facts in your message, rather than linking to them?
Either way, it would be good to see the list. Can you fix the link?
Student on Fri, 08/08/2008 - 12:07pm.
How transparent is this?
Here's how the Telegraph report was echoed:
http://in.rediff.com/news/2003/dec/14atta.htm
Notice that CIA-asset Ayad Allawi was used to certify the letter's authenticity in the press:
"Although Iraqi officials refused to disclose how and where they had obtained the document, Ayad Allawi, a member of Iraq's ruling seven-member Presidential Committee, said the document was genuine."
"We are uncovering evidence all the time of Saddam's involvement with Al Qaeda," Allawi told the paper. "But this is the most compelling piece of evidence that we have found so far. It shows that not only did Saddam have contacts with the Al Qaeda, he had contact with those responsible for the September 11 attacks."
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A62691-2004May28.html
"Iraq's U.S.-appointed Governing Council on Friday unanimously nominated Ayad Allawi, a Shiite Muslim politician and former exile whose party was supported by the CIA, to be the country's interim prime minister."
Michael Fury on Fri, 08/08/2008 - 12:13pm.
Here are the requested links:
http://www.informationclearinghouse.info/article20456.htm
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ron-suskind/the-forged-iraqi-letter-w_b_11...
No George Monbiot, These Are The Facts of September 11th 2001
http://crimesofthestate.blogspot.com/2007/02/no-george-monbiot-these-are...
Try "reload" if you have any troulble loading.
70 Disturbing Facts About 9/11
John Doraemi publishes Crimes of the State Blog
http://crimesofthestate.blogspot.com/
johndoraemi --at-- yahoo.com.
johndoraemi on Fri, 08/08/2008 - 8:36pm.


4th Pula Carnival , February 3, 2018.
Karolina, 3 pm - Big costume ball for all visitors of the Carnival with Mauro Staraj & La Banda (in case of rain in Circolo) .
13.02.2018. Veli Vrh, 7 pm, the burning of the "Pust" - an effigy made of straw, a the traditional culprit for all the last year's troubles.


text:
Tactical Decision Making Research Group
MSc Dissertations
Identifying Vulnerable Persons (IVP) Guidance
Professor Jon Cole
Professor Swen Körner
Professor Mario Staller
Dr Laura Boulton
Dr Ben Cole
Dr Camie Condon
Dr Mark Wetherell
Sarah Gordts
Mubin Shaikh
Jeff Weyers
Benjamin Zaiser
Authorised Firearms Officers: Decision Making and Expertise. Author: Laura Boulton
1st July 2016 by Jon Cole	Leave a Comment
Any use of lethal force by police officers lies at the extreme edge of policing activity. There is a fine line between the use of necessary force to achieve legitimate police objectives and the use of excessive force. When an officer uses force that may be considered excessive, public approval for police authority is shaken. This can be seen in incidents such as the shooting of Harry Stanley, Jean Charles de Menezes and Mark Duggan, which attracted widespread public attention, evaluation and criticism. Therefore, the performance of police firearms teams must be efficient and accurate at all times.
However, there are a wide range of physiological, psychological and cognitive factors that impact the way Authorised Firearms Officers (AFOs) perform, many of which are often not taken into account while planning tactical operations and/or during the investigations that follow. External (e.g. suspect aggression, location of suspects, victims or officers, visual and physical cover and potential hazards) and internal (e.g. physiological arousal) factors interact with an AFO's perception and appraisal of an environment, which in turn determines their tactical decision making.
Identifying the cognitive processes underlying tactical decision making is vital for reducing risk through improved training and facilitating the public's attitudes toward the legitimacy of the police and criminal justice system. Despite its critical role, very little research has been conducted into British police decision-making involving the use of firearms. This knowledge gap reflects difficulties gaining access to police samples, as well as challenges in the collection and analysis of police data that is both ecologically valid and scientifically objective. Although some studies have attempted to establish models of police decision making during firearms incidents, these are mostly developed within routinely armed police forces (e.g. USA) and therefore almost certainly lack ecological validity to non-routinely armed forces (e.g. UK). In order to address this gap we conducted a study to examine the impact expertise has on police use of force decisions during armed confrontations within a British firearms context.
For our study, the tactical decision making processes of expert Specialised Firearms Officers (SFOs) and novice Authorised Firearms Officers (AFOs) during armed confrontations were compared using Cognitive Task Analysis (CTA) interview methods. A total of 23 British firearms officers were interviewed about their decision making during a personally experience armed confrontation. This included 12 expert SFOs and 11 novice AFOs. The average age of the expert SFOs was 46, and the average their length of service as a firearms officer was 17 years. The average of the novice AFOs was 32 and their average length of service as a firearms officer was 23 months. All interviews were recorded, transcribed and coded for patterns and themes.
The incidents described by both expert SFOs and novice AFOs could be broadly split into three general phases; (i) pre-arrival, (ii) arrival/contact (active involvement of tactical performance and/or contact with a suspect), and (iii) post-incident procedures. In general, expert SFO decisional processes were not consistently distinct across the phases in a linear manner, but instead were applied flexibly throughout the armed confrontation. Expert SFO decision making was adaptive to circumstantial demands either leading to an establishment of control or to a 'tipping point' of struggle for dominance that initiated defensive behaviours. Compared to the flexible experience based decisions of expert SFOs, novice AFOs reported a more sequential and linear process of decision making. Flexibility and adaptation to time pressured changes was considered to be the distinguishing feature of expertise in this context.
"it won't go according to textbook […] that's what we train for on a regular basis and we're able to adapt"
SFOs are proposed to have adaptive expertise, which consists of the ability to; (i) understand when and why particular procedures are (in)appropriate, (ii) recognise shifts in the situation that necessitate adaptability, (iii) respond to situational cues which indicate the prioritisation of speed and/or accuracy, and (iv) implement rapid, accurate and contextually appropriate tactical changes. Expert SFOs understood the interactions between the cues and the unfolding incident, and responded by quickly and intuitively adapting appropriately.
"because of your training and your experience it just kicks in to think, 'well you know what, no-one's there, I'll go there and do my job there''
In contrast, novice AFOs preferred to stick with standard operating procedures for as long as possible (even when doing so inhibited the progress of the incident), only adapting their tactical actions if faced with an immediate threat to own life (in which case, defensive behaviours took over), or when doing so was verified by a more senior/experienced officer.
"until you become more proficient in the tactic, er, don't really think outside the box"
The comparative results of both CTAs highlight adaptive flexibility to be associated with firearms expertise and therefore, it is suggested that police firearms training could enforce adaptive expertise more strongly to enhance AFO flexibility to changing task demands under high stress conditions. Therefore, in order to promote adaptive expertise, it is recommended that the development of mental models, sense making skills to recognise conflict between mental models and current situational cues, and the ability to revise or reject mental models in response to situational assessment is enforced.
Posted in: Uncategorised
The Battle for Aleppo: A turning point in the Syrian information war ?
New online study into moral decision making
The attack on the US Aid convoy in Aleppo: Separating fact from fiction.
Psychophysiological demand and Communication: Implications for Police Officers/ Persons In Crisis Encounters and Training.
Dissecting Crisis Communication
Identifying Vulnerable Persons (IVP)
Online Experiment
Psychology of Confrontations
Copyright © 2020 Tactical Decision Making Research Group.


Rapid RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Some Antidiabetics; Metformin, Gliclazide and Glimepiride in Tablets.
An isocratic RP-HPLC method has been developed for rapid and simultaneous separation and estimation of three antidiabetics drugs, metformin, gliclazide and glimepiride in tablet dosage forms within 6 minutes. Separation was carried out on a Thermo Scientific® BDS Hypersil C8 column (5µm, 2.50 x 4.60 mm) using a mobile phase of MeOH : 0.025M KH2PO4 adjusted to pH 3.20 using ortho - phosphoric acid (70 : 30, v/v) at ambient temperature. The flow rate was 1 mL/min and UV detection was set at 235 nm. The retention time of metformin, gliclazide and glimepiride was noted to be 3.06, 4.33 and 6.00 minutes respectively, indicating a very short analysis time rather than other reported methods. Also, limits of detection were reported to be 0.05, 1.21 and 0.11 µg/mL for metformin, gliclazide and glimepiride, respectively, showing a high degree of the method sensitivity. The method was then validated according to ICH guidelines where it was found to be accurate, reproducible and robust. Finally, the method was compared statistically with reference methods indicating that there is no significant difference between them in respect of precision and accuracy.