text:
☰ Contents
Season effects
Storm names
Season summary map
Seasonal boundaries
First system formed
Last system dissipated
Strongest storm
• Maximum winds
165 mph (270 km/h)
(1-minute sustained)
• Lowest pressure
915 mbar (hPa; 27.02 inHg)
Seasonal statistics
Total depressions
Total storms
Major hurricanes
(Cat. 3+)
Total fatalities
Total damage
$6.33 billion (2003 USD)
Timeline of the 2003 Atlantic hurricane season
2003 Pacific typhoon season
2003 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
Atlantic hurricane seasons
The 2003 Atlantic hurricane season was a hyperactive Atlantic hurricane season with tropical activity before and after the official bounds of the season—the first such occurrence since the 1954 season. The season produced 21 tropical cyclones, of which 16 developed into named storms; seven cyclones attained hurricane status, of which three reached major hurricane status. With sixteen storms, the season was tied for the sixth-most active Atlantic hurricane season on record. The strongest hurricane of the season was Hurricane Isabel, which reached Category 5 status on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale northeast of the Lesser Antilles; Isabel later struck North Carolina as a Category 2 hurricane, causing $5.5 billion in damage (2003 USD) and a total of 51 deaths across the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States.
The season began with Subtropical Storm Ana on April 20, prior to the official start of the season; the bounds of the season are from June 1 to November 30, which conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the Atlantic basin. In early September, Hurricane Fabian struck Bermuda as a Category 3 hurricane, where it was the worst hurricane since 1926; on the island it caused four deaths and $300 million in damage (2003 USD). Hurricane Juan caused considerable destruction to Nova Scotia, particularly Halifax, as a Category 2 hurricane, the first hurricane of significant strength to hit the province since 1893. Additionally, Hurricanes Claudette and Erika struck Texas and Mexico, respectively, as minimal hurricanes.
Predictions of tropical activity in the 2003 season
Source Date Tropical
storms Hurricanes Major
CSU Average (1950–2000) 9.6 5.9 2.3
NOAA Average[1] 11 6 2
NOAA May 19, 2003 11–15 6–9 2–4
CSU April 4, 2003 12 8 3
CSU May 30, 2003 14 8 3
CSU August 6, 2003 14 8 3
Actual activity 16 7 3
Pre-season outlook
On May 19, prior to the start of the season, NOAA forecasters issued a 55% probability of above normal activity. The forecasters predicted 11–15 tropical storms, 6–9 of those becoming hurricanes, and 2–4 of those hurricanes reaching at least Category 3 strength on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale. The above normal activity predicted was due to the likelihood of La Niña developing in the season.[2]
Noted hurricane expert Dr. William M. Gray on April 4 predicted twelve named storms, with eight reaching hurricane strength and three of the eight reaching Category 3 strength.[3] The prediction issued on May 30 was similar, increasing the named storms to fourteen. The synoptic pattern of the season prior to June 1 resembled other previous seasons, with the 1952, 1954, 1964, 1966, and 1998 seasons considered the best analogs for the season. The prediction also included a 68% probability for a hurricane landfall along the United States.[4]
Mid-season outlook
On August 6, Dr. Gray announced he had maintained his previous prediction; with an active start of the season, the rest of the season was forecast to have been only slightly above average, due to an anticipated overall less favorable environment across the Atlantic Ocean.[5] A day later, NOAA released an updated prediction as well, with a 60% probability of above normal activity, with 12–15 named storms, 7–9 hurricanes, and 3–4 major hurricanes expected.[6]
A normal season, as defined by NOAA, has 6–14 tropical storms, 4–8 of which reach hurricane strength, and 1–3 of those reaching Category 3 strength.[7]
Main article: Timeline of the 2003 Atlantic hurricane season
The official beginning of the season was on June 1, 2003,[8] though Subtropical Storm Ana formed on April 20, well before the start to the season.[9] Starting at the official start of the season, the National Hurricane Center began issuing five-day forecasts, extending from the three-day forecasts issued since 1964. Officials conducted tests during the previous two seasons, indicating the new five-day forecasts would be as accurate as the three-day forecasts were 15 years earlier.[10] The tropics were active and well ahead of climatology in the early portion of the season, with the seventh tropical depression forming by the end of July.[11] The season officially ended on November 30, 2003,[8] although tropical storms Odette and Peter developed in early December.[12][13]
The season is one of only six with a storm before and after the official bounds of the season; the others are 1887, 1951, 1953, 1954 and 2007. When Tropical Storm Peter formed on December 7, the season became the second on record with two December storms. The 235 days between the development of the first storm, Tropical Storm Ana, and the dissipation of the last storm, Peter, made the 2003 season the longest season since 1952. The season was the tenth most active on record, behind the 2005, 1933, 2012, 2011, 2010, 1995, 1887, 1969, 2017, and 1936 seasons; it tied with 1949, 1950, 1954, and 2008.[14]
No cyclones in the season had a significant impact on South America or Central America. However, a total of eight tropical cyclones made landfall on Mexico from either the Atlantic or the Pacific Ocean, which was the greatest total since the record of nine in 1971. A total of seven deaths occurred in Mexico from Atlantic hurricanes. Much of the Caribbean did not receive significant impact from tropical cyclones during the season.[15]
Damage from Hurricane Fabian on Bermuda
Six tropical cyclones made landfall along the coast of the United States during the season, including two hurricanes. The first, Claudette, caused locally heavy damage in southeastern Texas in July; two deaths were reported in the state, while earlier in its duration it caused an indirect death from rough waves in Florida.[16] In September, Hurricane Isabel caused deaths and damage from North Carolina through southern Canada.[17] The worst damage from the hurricane occurred in Virginia, where it was the costliest disaster in the history of the state;[18] there, damage totaled over $1.85 billion (2003 USD), and there were 32 fatalities, ten of which were caused directly by the hurricane.[17] Hurricane Isabel caused deaths in seven states and one Canadian province, and about 6 million people were left without power as a result of the storm.[19]
Several cyclones impacted Bermuda during the season, most significantly Hurricane Fabian. On the island, its passage proved to be the costliest and resulted in the first death since a hurricane in 1926.[20] The hurricane killed four on the island when its strong waves and storm surge washed two cars off the causeway between St. George's Parish and St. David's Island.[21] Damage from the hurricane totaled $300 million (2003 USD).[22] Elsewhere, Hurricane Juan was considered among the most damaging in the history of Halifax, Nova Scotia, where strong winds downed thousands of trees and left low-lying areas flooded from a record storm surge to the city. The hurricane caused a total of eight deaths and damage estimated at $200 million (2003 CAD, $150 million 2003 USD).[23]
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Peak intensity
60 mph (95 km/h) (1-min) 994 mbar (hPa)
Main article: Tropical Storm Ana (2003)
A non-tropical low-pressure area developed about 240 miles (390 km) south-southwest of Bermuda on April 18 through the interaction of an upper-level trough and a surface frontal trough. It tracked northwestward at first, then turned to the southeast. After developing centralized convection, the system developed into Subtropical Storm Ana on April 20 to the west of Bermuda. It tracked east-southeastward and organized, and on April 21 it transitioned into a tropical cyclone with peak winds of 60 mph (97 km/h), after developing an upper-level warm core. Increased wind shear caused fluctuations in intensity and a steady weakening trend, and on April 24 the center of Ana merged with an approaching cold front, thus signaling the completion of extratropical transition. The extratropical remnants continued east-northeastward, and on April 27 the gale was absorbed within the cold front.[9]
The cyclone is most notable for being the only Atlantic tropical cyclone in the month of April, until Tropical Storm Arlene in 2017. When Ana became a subtropical storm, it became the second subtropical cyclone on record in the month, after a storm in 1992.[9] Ana dropped 2.63 inches (67 mm) of rainfall in Bermuda over a period of several days.[24] Increased swells from the storm caused two drowning deaths in southeastern Florida when a boat capsized.[9] The remnants of the storm brought light rainfall to the Azores and the United Kingdom, though no significant damage was reported.[25]
Tropical Depression Two
Tropical depression (SSHWS)
June 11 – June 11
35 mph (55 km/h) (1-min) 1008 mbar (hPa)
A tropical wave moved off the coast of Africa on June 6.[26] Tracking westward at a low latitude, a disturbance along the wave axis became better organized on June 9,[27] with reasonable favorable environmental conditions despite the time of year. Initially lacking a well-defined low-level circulation,[28] convection increased further on June 10, and the system was declared Tropical Depression Two early on June 11 in the central tropical Atlantic Ocean.[26][29] The depression was at the time the third tropical cyclone on record to develop in the month of June to the east of the Lesser Antilles;[30] the others were Tropical Depression Two in 2000,[31] Ana in 1979, and a storm in 1933.[30] The next such system to accomplish this would be Bret in 2017.
Initially, the depression was forecast to attain tropical storm status, maintaining good outflow and some banding features around the system.[29] Around 0900 UTC on June 11 satellite-based intensity estimates indicated the depression was near tropical storm status.[32] However, the convection subsequently diminished and became displaced to the northeast of the center, and late on June 11 the depression degenerated into an open tropical wave about 950 miles (1,530 km) east-southeast of Barbados.[26] The tropical wave remained well defined with a well-defined low-level vorticity, though strong wind shear prevented tropical redevelopment.[33] On June 13 its remnants passed through the Lesser Antilles, and the wave continued westward through the Caribbean Sea.[34]
Main article: Tropical Storm Bill (2003)
Tropical Storm Bill developed from a tropical wave on June 29 to the north of the Yucatán Peninsula. It slowly organized as it moved northward, and reached a peak of 60 mph (97 km/h) shortly before making landfall 27 miles (43 km) west of Chauvin, Louisiana. Bill quickly weakened over land, and as it accelerated to the northeast, moisture from the storm, combined with cold air from an approaching cold front, produced an outbreak of 34 tornadoes. Bill became extratropical on July 2, and was absorbed by the cold front later that day.[35]
Upon making landfall on Louisiana, the storm produced a moderate storm surge, causing tidal flooding.[36] In a city in the northeastern portion of the state, the surge breached a levee, which flooded many homes in the town.[37] Moderate winds combined with wet soil knocked down trees, which then hit a few houses and power lines,[38] and left hundreds of thousands without electric power.[39] Further inland, tornadoes from the storm produced localized moderate damage. Throughout its path, Tropical Storm Bill caused around $50 million in damage (2003 USD) and four deaths.[35]
Hurricane Claudette
Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS)
July 8 – July 17
90 mph (150 km/h) (1-min) 979 mbar (hPa)
Main article: Hurricane Claudette (2003)
A well-organized tropical wave tracked quickly through the Lesser Antilles on July 7, producing tropical storm force winds but failing to attain a low-level circulation. After organizing in the Caribbean Sea, it developed into Tropical Storm Claudette to the south of the Dominican Republic on July 8. Its intensity fluctuated over the subsequent days, attaining hurricane status briefly on July 10 before weakening and hitting Puerto Morelos on the Yucatán Peninsula on July 11 as a tropical storm. The storm remained disorganized due to moderate wind shear, though after turning west-northwestward into an area of lighter shear, it re-attained hurricane status on July 15 off the coast of Texas; it intensified quickly and made landfall on Matagorda Island with peak winds of 90 mph (140 km/h). It slowly weakened after moving ashore, tracking across northern Tamaulipas before dissipating in northwestern Chihuahua.[16]
The precursor cyclone caused light damage in the Lesser Antilles, and waves from the hurricane caused an indirect death off of Florida.[16] Widespread flooding and gusty winds destroyed or severely damaged 412 buildings in southeast Texas, with a further 1,346 buildings suffering lighter impact. The hurricane caused locally severe beach erosion along the coast.[40] High winds downed many trees along the coast, causing one direct and one indirect death. Damage was estimated at $180 million (2003 USD).[16]
July 16 – July 21
75 mph (120 km/h) (1-min) 1000 mbar (hPa)
A tropical wave moved off the coast of Africa on July 9. The northern portion of the wave tracked to the west-northwest, and on July 13 an area of convection developed along the wave axis. The system slowly organized, and after a closed low-level circulation developed, the system was classified as Tropical Depression Five about 630 miles (1,010 km) east of Bermuda. It quickly organized, becoming Tropical Storm Danny a day after forming. Tracking around the periphery of an anticyclone, the storm moved northwestward before turning north and later northeastward. Despite being located at a high latitude, Danny continued to strengthen due to unusually warm water temperatures, and on July 19 it attained hurricane status about 525 miles (845 km) south of St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, despite having an unusually high minimum pressure for a storm of its intensity.[41]
Wind shear increased the next day as the hurricane turned eastward, causing a steady weakening trend that was accelerated after crossing into an area of cooler water temperatures. By July 20 the cyclone had turned to the southeast and weakened to tropical depression status, and on July 21 it degenerated into a remnant low-pressure area. The remnants of Danny tracked erratically southwestward before dissipating on July 27 about 630 miles (1,010 km) east of where it originally developed. There were no reports of damages or casualties associated with Danny.[41]
Tropical Depression Six
A tropical wave moved westward off the coast of Africa on July 14.[42] After tracking steadily westward, an area of thunderstorms became more concentrated as its upper-level environment became more favorable,[43] and late on July 19 the National Hurricane Center classified it as Tropical Depression Six while it was located about 1,035 miles (1,666 km) east of the Lesser Antilles.[42] Upon being classified as a tropical cyclone, the depression maintained two ill-defined hooking bands to its north and south, and was originally forecast to attain hurricane status before passing through the Lesser Antilles. With warm waters and very light wind shear forecast, its environmental conditions met four out of five parameters for rapid intensification.[44] Subsequently, convection diminished as the result of cold air inflow and instability from a disturbance to its southeast.[45]
With a fast forward speed, confirmation of a low-level circulation on July 20 became difficult.[46] Convection increased in curvature on July 21,[47] and several islands in the Lesser Antilles issued tropical storm warnings and watches. After it passed north of Barbados, a Hurricane hunters flight failed to report a closed low-level circulation, and it is estimated the depression degenerated into an open tropical wave late on July 21. The remnants brought a few showers to the Lesser Antilles,[42] and after tracking into the Caribbean Sea redevelopment was prevented by increased wind shear.[48] The northern portion of the wave axis split and developed into Tropical Depression Seven.[42]
Tropical Depression Seven
A tropical wave interacted with an upper-level low to develop an area of deep convection near Hispaniola on July 23.[49] A mid- to lower-level circulation developed within the system at it tracked generally north-northwestward, and based on surface and satellite observations, it is estimated the system developed into Tropical Depression Seven at 1200 UTC on July 25 about 60 miles (97 km) east of Daytona Beach, Florida. The system was embedded in an environment characterized by high surface pressures. Tracking through an area of cool water temperatures,[49] as well as unfavorable upper-level winds, the depression failed to achieve winds greater than 35 mph (56 km/h).[50]
Early on July 26 it moved ashore on St. Catherines Island, Georgia, and after steadily weakening over land it dissipated on July 27. As the storm was never forecast to attain tropical storm status, no tropical storm warnings or watches were issued.[49] However, flood watches were posted for much of Georgia and South Carolina.[51] The depression dropped light to moderate rainfall from Florida to the coast of North Carolina, peaking at 5.17 inches (131 mm) in Savannah, Georgia. Mostly, rainfall totals between 1 and 3 inches (25 and 76 mm) were common.[52] There were no reports of damage or casualties associated with this depression.[49]
Hurricane Erika
August 14 – August 17
Main article: Hurricane Erika (2003)
The precursor system to Hurricane Erika was first observed as a non-tropical low on August 9 about 1,150 miles (1,850 km) east of Bermuda. It tracked quickly southwestward then westward in tandem with an upper-level low, which prevented tropical development. On August 13 an area of convection increased as it passed through the Bahamas, and while crossing Florida a circulation built toward the surface; it is estimated the system developed into Tropical Storm Erika on August 14 about 85 miles (137 km) west-southwest of Fort Myers, Florida. A strong ridge caused the storm to continue quickly westward, and the system gradually strengthened and organized. By August 15 its forward motion slowed, allowing the convection to organize into curved rainbands, and late in the day an eye feature began developing. Tropical Storm Erika attained hurricane status at around 1030 UTC as it was moving ashore in northeastern Tamaulipas; operationally it was not classified as a hurricane, due to lack of data. The winds rapidly decreased as it tracked across the mountainous terrain of northeastern Mexico, and early on August 17 the cyclone dissipated.[53]
The hurricane dropped light to moderate rainfall along its path, which caused some flooding; in Montemorelos in Nuevo León, two people died after being swept away by floodwaters. Several mudslides were reported, which left numerous highways blocked or impassable. In southern Texas, the hurricane caused light winds and minor damage, with no reports of deaths or injuries in the United States.[53]
Tropical Depression Nine
Main article: Tropical Depression Nine (2003)
A strong tropical wave moved off the coast of Africa on August 14,[54] and after tracking steadily westward an area of convection began to become better organized on August 18.[55] After it tracked through the Lesser Antilles, it developed into Tropical Depression Nine on August 21 to the south of Puerto Rico. The depression quickly showed signs of organization, and forecasters predicted the depression to intensify to a strong tropical storm.[56] However, strong southwesterly wind shear unexpectedly became established over the system, and the depression degenerated into a tropical wave late on August 22 to the south of the eastern tip of the Dominican Republic.[54]
The remnants of the depression dropped light to moderate precipitation in the Dominican Republic, which caused flooding and overflowing rivers. More than 100 houses were flooded, and some crop damage was reported.[15] The rainfall was welcome in the country, as conditions were dry in the preceding months.[57] Flooding was also reported in eastern Jamaica, though damage there, if any, is unknown.[15]
Hurricane Fabian
August 27 – September 8
145 mph (230 km/h) (1-min) 939 mbar (hPa)
Main article: Hurricane Fabian
On August 25, a tropical wave emerged off the coast of Africa, and two days later developed enough organized convection to develop into Tropical Depression Ten. Tracking through warm waters and low vertical shear, the depression was named Tropical Storm Fabian on August 28. On August 30, the storm intensified into a hurricane, and it quickly strengthened to attain major hurricane status late that day; on September 1 Fabian reached its peak intensity of 145 mph (233 km/h). The hurricane turned to the north and gradually weakened before passing 14 miles (23 km) west of Bermuda on September 5 with winds of 120 mph (190 km/h). The cyclone accelerated northeastward into an environment of unfavorable conditions, becoming an extratropical cyclone on September 8; two days later it merged with another extratropical storm between southern Greenland and Iceland.[22]
Strong waves caused extensive damage to the Bermuda coastline,[15] destroying 10 nests of the endangered Bermuda petrel.[58] The storm surge from the hurricane stranded one vehicle with three police officers and another with a resident on the causeway between St. George's Parish and St. David's Island, later washing both vehicles into Castle Harbour;[59] all four were killed.[22] Strong winds left about 25,000 people without power on the island, and also caused severe damage to vegetation.[15] The strong winds damaged or destroyed the roofs of numerous buildings on Bermuda,[60] Damage on the island totaled $300 million (2003 USD). Elsewhere, strong waves from the hurricane killed a surfer in North Carolina and caused three deaths off of Newfoundland when a fishing vessel sank.[22]
Main article: Tropical Storm Grace (2003)
A strong tropical wave accompanied with a low pressure system moved off the coast of Africa on August 19. It moved quickly westward, failing to organize significantly, and developed a surface low-pressure area on August 29 in the Gulf of Mexico. Convection continued to organize, and the tropical wave developed into Tropical Depression Eleven on August 30 while located 335 miles (539 km) east-southeast of Corpus Christi, Texas. The depression quickly intensified to become Tropical Storm Grace, though further intensification was limited due to a nearby upper-level low. On August 31, Grace moved ashore on Galveston Island, Texas, and it quickly weakened over land. The storm turned northeastward and was absorbed by a cold front over extreme eastern Oklahoma on September 2.[61]
The storm produced light to moderate precipitation from Texas through the eastern United States, peaking at 10.4 inches (260 mm) in eastern Texas.[62] Near where it made landfall, Grace produced flooding of low-lying areas and light beach erosion.[63] In Oklahoma and southern Missouri, the remnants of the storm caused localized flooding.[64][65] No deaths were reported, and damage was minimal.[61]
Tropical Storm Henri
September 3 – September 8
Main article: Tropical Storm Henri (2003)
On August 22, a tropical wave moved off the coast of Africa, and it remained disorganized until reaching the eastern Gulf of Mexico on September 1. A tropical disturbance developed into Tropical Depression Twelve on September 3 about 300 miles (480 km) west of Tampa, Florida. It moved eastward and strengthened into Tropical Storm Henri on September 5, and despite strong wind shear it intensified to reach peak winds of 60 mph (97 km/h) later that day. Subsequently, it quickly weakened, and it struck the western Florida coast as a tropical depression. On September 8 it degenerated into a remnant low pressure area off the coast of North Carolina,[66] and after moving ashore near Cape Hatteras,[67] it crossed the Mid-Atlantic states and dissipated on September 17 over New England.[68]
Henri was responsible for locally heavy rainfall across Florida, but damage was minimal.[66] The remnants of Henri caused heavy precipitation in Delaware and Pennsylvania, causing $19.6 million in damage (2003 USD).[69][70] In Delaware, the rainfall caused record-breaking river flooding, with part of the Red Clay Creek experiencing a 500-year flood,[71] and the system left 109,000 residents without power in Pennsylvania.[70] The impacts of the storm were severely compounded the following week by Hurricane Isabel across the region.
Hurricane Isabel
September 6 – September 19
Main article: Hurricane Isabel
A tropical wave moved off the coast of Africa on September 1, which developed into Tropical Depression Thirteen early on September 6 to the southwest of the Cape Verde islands. It quickly intensified into Tropical Storm Isabel,[17] and it continued to gradually intensify within an area of light wind shear and warm waters.[72] Isabel strengthened to a hurricane on September 7, and the following day it attained major hurricane status. Its intensity fluctuated over the subsequent days as it passed north of the Lesser Antilles, and it attained peak winds of 165 mph (266 km/h) on September 11, a Category 5 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson scale. The hurricane oscillated between Category 4 and Category 5 status over the following four days, before weakening due to wind shear. On September 18 Isabel made landfall between Cape Lookout and Ocracoke Island in North Carolina with winds of 105 mph (169 km/h). It continued northwestward, becoming extratropical over western Pennsylvania before being absorbed by a larger storm over Ontario on September 19.[17]
Strong winds from Isabel extended from North Carolina to New England and westward to West Virginia. The winds, combined with previous rainfall which moistened the soil, downed many trees and power lines across its path, leaving about 6 million electricity customers without power at some point. Coastal areas suffered from waves and its powerful storm surge, with areas in eastern North Carolina and southeast Virginia reporting severe damage from both winds and the storm surge. Throughout its path, Isabel resulted in $5.5 billion in damage (2003 USD) and 47 deaths, of which 16 were directly related to the storm's effects.[19]
The governors of Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Maryland, New Jersey, and Delaware declared states of emergencies.[73] Isabel was the first major hurricane to threaten the Mid-Atlantic states and the South since Hurricane Floyd in September 1999. Isabel's greatest impact was due to flood damage, the worst in some areas of Virginia since 1972's Hurricane Agnes. More than 60 million people were affected to some degree — a similar number to Floyd but more than any other hurricane in recent memory.[74]
Tropical Depression Fourteen
A strong tropical wave moved off the coast of Africa on September 6, and almost immediately it became associated with a broad surface circulation.[75] With favorable upper-level winds the system quickly became better organized,[76] and on September 8 it possessed enough organization to be classified as Tropical Depression Fourteen while located about 290 miles (470 km) southeast of the southernmost Cape Verde islands.[75] Initially the depression failed to maintain an inner core of deep convection, and despite its occurrence with nearby dry air, the depression was forecast to intensify to hurricane status due to anticipated favorable conditions.[77]
In the hours subsequent to formation, the convection near the center decreased as the banding features dissipated.[78] Dry air greatly increased over the depression, and by September 9 the system was not forecast to intensify past minimal tropical storm status.[79] Later that day an upper-level low tracked southward to the west of the depression, which increased wind shear and caused a steady north-northwest motion for the depression. The circulation became elongated and separated from the convection as it passed just west of the Cape Verde Islands,[75] where it brought heavy rainfall,[80] and on September 10 the depression dissipated.[75]
Hurricane Juan
September 24 – September 29
Main article: Hurricane Juan
A large tropical wave moved off the coast of Africa on September 14,[81] and due to unfavorable wind shear it initially remained disorganized.[82] An area of convection increased in association with an upper-level low, and it developed into Tropical Depression Fifteen on September 24 to the southeast of Bermuda. It steadily organized as it tracked northward, intensifying into Tropical Storm Juan on September 25 and attaining hurricane status on September 26.[81] With warm waters and light wind shear, Juan reached peak winds of 105 mph (169 km/h) on September 27 about 635 miles (1,022 km) south of Halifax, Nova Scotia.[83] It accelerated northward, weakening only slightly before moving ashore near Halifax on September 29 with winds of 100 mph (160 km/h). It quickly weakened while crossing the southern Canadian Maritimes before being absorbed by a large extratropical cyclone over the Gulf of Saint Lawrence.[81]
The eyewall of Hurricane Juan was the first to directly cross over Halifax since a hurricane in August of 1893; the cyclone became one of the most damaging tropical cyclones in modern history for the city. The hurricane produced a record storm surge of 4.9 feet (1.5 m), which resulted in extensive flooding of the Halifax and Dartmouth waterfront properties. Strong winds caused widespread occurrences of falling trees, downed power lines, and damaged houses, and the hurricane was responsible for four direct deaths and four indirect deaths.[81] More than 800,000 people were left without power. Nearly all wind-related damage occurred to the east of the storm track, and damage amounted to about $200 million (2003 CAD; $150 million 2003 USD).[23]
September 25 – October 7
Main article: Hurricane Kate (2003)
Kate developed from a tropical wave in the central tropical Atlantic on September 25. The storm moved northwestward until a weakness in the subtropical ridge forced it eastward. Kate strengthened to a hurricane, turned sharply westward while moving around a mid-level low, and intensified to a 125 mph (201 km/h) major hurricane on October 4. Kate turned sharply northward around the periphery of an anticyclone, weakened, and became extratropical after passing to the east of Newfoundland. The extratropical storm persisted for three days until losing its identity near Scandinavia.[84]
Kate threatened Atlantic Canada just one week after Hurricane Juan caused severe damage in Nova Scotia. The storm had minimal effects on land, limited to moderately strong winds and heavy rainfall over Newfoundland;[85] St. John's reported 1.8 inches (46 mm) on October 6, a record for the date.[86] The interaction between Kate and a high pressure area to its north produced three to four ft (one m) waves along the coast of North Carolina and New England.[87]
Tropical Storm Larry
October 1 – October 7
Main article: Tropical Storm Larry
A tropical wave moved off the coast of Africa on September 17, which developed a low pressure area on September 27 in the western Caribbean Sea. It moved ashore along the Yucatán Peninsula on September 29 and developed into an extratropical cyclone as it interacted with a stationary cold front. Deep convection increased, and it transitioned into Tropical Storm Larry by October 1. The storm drifted generally southward, and after reaching peak winds of 65 mph (105 km/h) it made landfall in the Mexican state of Tabasco on October 5,[88] the first landfall in the state since Hurricane Brenda in 1973.[89] The remnants of Larry crossed the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, degenerating into a remnant low-pressure area before dissipating on October 7 in the eastern Pacific Ocean.[88]
The storm dropped heavy rainfall, peaking at 24.77 inches (629 mm) in Unión Juárez, Chiapas, in southeastern Mexico.[90] The rainfall caused mudslides and damage, which coincided with the presence of two other tropical cyclones—Eastern Pacific tropical storm Nora and Olaf.[91] Overall, the storm resulted in five deaths and $53.4 million in damage (2003 USD).[88][92]
Tropical Storm Mindy
October 10 – October 14
A tropical wave exited the coast of Africa on October 1 and moved westward.[93] On October 8, thunderstorms spread across the Lesser Antilles, and the wave slowly organized.[94] Rainfall reached 2.98 inches (76 mm) in Christiansted in Saint Croix, and 7.13 inches (181 mm) near Ponce, Puerto Rico.[95] Strong winds left around 29,000 people without power in northeastern Puerto Rico.[96] The rainfall wrecked bridges in Las Piedras and Guayama,[97][98] and led to flooded streams, downed trees, and rockslides that closed four roads. One car was swept away,[99] and a few houses were flooded.[100] The damage total was at least $46,000 (2003 USD).[97][98][101]
It turned northwestward through a weakness in the subtropical ridge, and despite strong wind shear developed into Tropical Storm Mindy late on October 10 over eastern Dominican Republic, with peak winds of 45 mph (72 km/h).[93] It produced 2.63 inches (67 mm) of rain in Santiago Rodríguez, which caused flooding and damaged 320 houses.[102] Although forecast to intensify to 65 mph (105 km/h) winds, the storm weakened due to the wind shear.[103] The center passed near the Turks and Caicos Islands on October 11,[93] and winds reached only 31 mph (50 km/h) at Grand Turk Island.[102] On October 12, Mindy weakened to a tropical depression, and later turned eastward due to an approaching short-wave trough. Devoid of deep convection, the circulation dissipated on October 14 about 445 miles (716 km) south-southwest of Bermuda.[93] Mindy produced two to three ft (0.6 to 0.9 m) swells along the U.S. Atlantic coast from Florida through North Carolina.[87]
Tropical Storm Nicholas
Main article: Tropical Storm Nicholas
Forming from a tropical wave on October 13 in the central tropical Atlantic Ocean, Nicholas slowly developed due to moderate levels of wind shear throughout its lifetime. Deep convection slowly organized, and Nicholas attained a peak intensity of 70 mph (110 km/h) on October 17. After moving west-northwestward for much of its lifetime, it turned northward and weakened due to increasing shear. The storm again turned to the west and briefly restrengthened, but after turning again to the north Nicholas transitioned to an extratropical cyclone on October 24. As an extratropical storm, Nicholas executed a large loop to the west, and after moving erratically for a week and organizing into a tropical low, it was absorbed by a non-tropical low. The low continued westward, crossed Florida, and ultimately dissipated over the Gulf Coast of the United States on November 5.[104]
Nicholas had no impact as a tropical cyclone, and impact from the low that absorbed the storm was limited to rainfall, gusty winds, and rough surf.[105] The low that absorbed the storm nearly developed into a tropical cyclone, which would have been called Odette. However, moderate wind shear prevented further development.[106]
Tropical Storm Odette
December 4 – December 7
Main article: Tropical Storm Odette (2003)
Odette was a rare December tropical storm, the first since Hurricane Lili in 1984, that formed on December 4 in the southwest Caribbean Sea.[12] It became the second December tropical storm on record to form in the Caribbean Sea, after a hurricane in 1822.[12][107] Odette strengthened and made landfall near Cabo Falso in the Dominican Republic on December 6 as a moderately strong tropical storm. A day later, Odette became extratropical, and eventually merged with a cold front.[12]
Eight deaths were directly attributed to this tropical storm in the Dominican Republic due to mudslides or flash flooding. In addition, two deaths were indirectly caused by the storm. Approximately 35% of the nation's banana crop was destroyed.[12] Light to moderate rainfall was reported in Puerto Rico.[108]
Tropical Storm Peter
December 7 – December 11
See also: List of off-season Atlantic hurricanes
By December 5, an extratropical cyclone developed and was moving southward, isolated from the Westerlies. Convection developed near the center, and the system organized into a subtropical storm late on December 7, about 835 miles (1,344 km) south-southwest of the Azores. The system moved southwestward over warmer waters, and deep convection continued to organize over the center. Banding features also increased, and the National Hurricane Center declared the system as Tropical Storm Peter on December 9, about 980 miles (1,580 km) northwest of the Cape Verde islands. With the development of Peter and Odette, 2003 became the first year since 1887 that two storms developed in the month of December.[13]
Initially, the National Hurricane Center did not anticipate strengthening;[109] however, Peter intensified to winds of 70 mph (110 km/h) late on December 9, after an eye feature developed. Usually that would indicate hurricane intensity, but as the eye was short-lived, Peter remained a tropical storm. It turned northward ahead of the same frontal system that absorbed Tropical Storm Odette, and the combination of strong upper-level winds and cooler water temperatures caused quick weakening. By December 10, Peter degenerated into a tropical depression, and after turning northeastward it was absorbed by the cold front the next day.[13]
This is a table of all the storms that have formed in the 2003 Atlantic hurricane season. It includes their duration, names, landfall(s), denoted in parentheses, damages, and death totals. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect (an example of an indirect death would be a traffic accident), but were still related to that storm. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical, a wave, or a low, and all the damage figures are in 2003 USD.
2003 Atlantic hurricane season statistics
Dates active
Storm category
at peak intensity
Max 1-min
mph (km/h)
(mbar)
Areas affected
Ana April 20 – 24 Tropical storm 60 (95) 994 Florida, Bermuda, Azores, British Isles Moderate 2
Two June 11 Tropical depression 35 (55) 1008 None None None
Bill June 28 – July 2 Tropical storm 60 (95) 997 Gulf Coast of the United States, Southeastern United States 50.5 4
Claudette July 8 – 17 Category 1 hurricane 90 (150) 979 Yucatán Peninsula, Texas, Windward Islands, Jamaica 181 1 (2)
Danny July 16 – 21 Category 1 hurricane 75 (120) 1000 None None None
Six July 19 – 21 Tropical depression 35 (55) 1010 None None None
Seven July 25 – 27 Tropical depression 35 (55) 1016 Georgia None None
Erika August 14 – 17 Category 1 hurricane 75 (120) 988 Florida, Mexico, Southern Texas 0.100 2
Nine August 21 – 22 Tropical depression 35 (55) 1007 Lesser Antilles, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic 0.20 None
Fabian August 25 – September 8 Category 4 hurricane 145 (235) 939 Leeward Islands, Bermuda, Eastern Canada 300 8
Grace August 30 – September 2 Tropical storm 40 (65) 1007 Texas, Oklahoma, Ohio Valley, Mid-Atlantic States 0.113 None
Henri September 3 – 8 Tropical storm 60 (95) 997 Florida, Delaware, Pennsylvania 19.6 None
Isabel September 6 – 19 Category 5 hurricane 165 (270) 915 Lesser Antilles, Puerto Rico, Greater Antilles, Turks and Caicos Islands, Bahamas, East coast of the United States, Atlantic Canada 5500 16 (35)
Fourteen September 8 – 10 Tropical depression 35 (55) 1007 None None None
Juan September 24 – 29 Category 2 hurricane 105 (170) 969 Eastern Canada (Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island) 200 4 (4)
Kate September 25 – October 7 Category 3 hurricane 125 (205) 952 Newfoundland, Iceland, Europe None None
Larry October 1 – 6 Tropical storm 65 (100) 993 Central America 53.6 5
Mindy October 10 – 14 Tropical storm 45 (75) 1002 Hispaniola, Puerto Rico 0.50 None
Nicholas October 13 – 23 Tropical storm 70 (110) 990 None None None
Odette December 4 – 7 Tropical storm 65 (100) 993 Dominican Republic, Haiti, Puerto Rico 8 8 (2)
Peter December 7 – 11 Tropical storm 70 (110) 990 None None None
Season Aggregates
21 systems
April 20 – December 11
Main articles: Tropical cyclone naming, History of tropical cyclone naming, and List of historic tropical cyclone names
The following names were used for named storms that formed in the North Atlantic in 2003. The names not retired from this list were used again in the 2009 season. This is the same list used for the 1997 season. Storms were named Larry, Mindy, Nicholas, Odette, and Peter for the first time in 2003. Names that were not assigned are marked in gray. Ana became the first name in the six list rotation to be used five times. Both Ana and Claudette were used in 1979, 1985, 1991, 1997, 2003, 2009 and 2015.
Rose (unused)
Sam (unused)
Teresa (unused)
Victor (unused)
Wanda (unused)
See also: List of retired Atlantic hurricane names
On April 30, 2004, The World Meteorological Organization retired three names: Fabian, Isabel, and Juan. They were replaced in the 2009 season by Fred, Ida, and Joaquin, respectively.[15] The name Joaquin was not used in 2009 but instead was used in the 2015 season.
Tropical cyclones portal
Lists of Atlantic hurricanes
South-West Indian Ocean cyclone seasons: 2002–03, 2003–04
Australian region cyclone seasons: 2002–03, 2003–04
South Pacific cyclone seasons: 2002–03, 2003–04
^ NOAA (April 13, 2006). "NOAA Reviews Record-Setting 2005 Atlantic Hurricane Season". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on April 23, 2006. Retrieved April 26, 2006.
^ NOAA (May 19, 2003). "NOAA Forecasters Say Six to Nine Hurricanes Could Threaten in 2003". NOAA. Archived from the original on July 15, 2007. Retrieved December 15, 2007.
^ William M. Gray; Philip J. Klotzbach; Christopher W. Landsea (April 4, 2003). "Extended Range Forecast of Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity and U.S. Landfall Strike Probability for 2003". Colorado State University. Archived from the original on September 14, 2006. Retrieved December 15, 2007.
^ William M. Gray; Philip J. Klotzbach; Christopher W. Landsea (May 30, 2003). "Extended Range Forecast of Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity and U.S. Landfall Strike Probability for 2003". Colorado State University. Archived from the original on July 19, 2011. Retrieved December 15, 2007.
^ William M. Gray; Philip J. Klotzbach; Christopher W. Landsea (August 6, 2003). "Updated Forecast of Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity and U.S. Landfall Strike Probability for 2003". Colorado State University. Archived from the original on July 19, 2011. Retrieved December 15, 2007.
^ NOAA (August 7, 2003). "2003 Atlantic Hurricane Outlook Update". NOAA. Retrieved December 15, 2007.
^ Climate Prediction Center, NOAA (2002). "Background Information: The North Atlantic Hurricane Season". NOAA. Retrieved June 2, 2006.
^ a b Jack Beven (2003). "June 1 Tropical Weather Outlook". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved December 15, 2007. [permanent dead link]
^ a b c d Beven, John L (December 19, 2003). Tropical Cyclone Report Tropical Storm Ana (PDF) (Report). United States National Hurricane Center. Retrieved January 31, 2017.
^ Frank Lepore (2003). "NOAA Extends Hurricane Forecasts From Three To Five Days". NOAA. Archived from the original on December 14, 2007. Retrieved December 15, 2007.
^ National Hurricane Center (2003). "Tropical Weather Summary for July 2003". Retrieved December 15, 2007.
^ a b c d e Franklin, James (December 19, 2003). "Tropical Storm Odette Tropical Cyclone Report". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 29, 2010.
^ a b c Avila, Lixion (December 17, 2003). "Tropical Storm Peter Tropical Cyclone Report". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 29, 2010.
^ "Atlantic hurricane best track (HURDAT version 2)" (Database). United States National Hurricane Center. December 12, 2019.
^ a b c d e f World Meteorological Organization (2004). "Final Report of the Twenty-Sixth Session" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on January 2, 2014. Retrieved June 3, 2006.
^ a b c d Beven, Jack (September 9, 2003). "Hurricane Claudette Tropical Cyclone Report". National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on October 22, 2008. Retrieved November 29, 2010.
^ a b c d Jack Beven & Hugh Cobb (January 16, 2004). "Hurricane Isabel Tropical Cyclone Report". National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on November 14, 2013. Retrieved February 1, 2011.
^ Church World Service (2003). "The CWS Response" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on February 3, 2007. Retrieved February 21, 2007.
^ a b United States Department of Commerce (2004). "Service Assessment of Hurricane Isabel" (PDF). NOAA. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 27, 2006. Retrieved February 10, 2007.
^ PartnerRE Ltd. (2003). "PartnerRe Weathers Hurricane Fabian". Archived from the original on April 13, 2010. Retrieved October 17, 2006.
^ Karen Smith; Dan Rutstein (September 6, 2003). "Search for the missing a 'difficult job'". The Royal Gazette. Retrieved December 9, 2011.
^ a b c d Pasch, Richard; Blake, Eric; Brown, Daniel (2003). "Hurricane Fabian Tropical Cyclone Report" (PDF). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved December 17, 2007.
^ a b Chris Fogarty (2003). "Hurricane Juan Storm Summary" (PDF). Canadian Hurricane Centre/Environment Canada. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 1, 2007. Retrieved December 21, 2007.
^ "Bermuda Weather for April 2003". Bermuda Weather Service. May 25, 2003. Archived from the original on February 8, 2012. Retrieved November 29, 2010.
^ Padgett, Gary (2003). "April 2003 Global Tropical Cyclone Summary". Retrieved November 29, 2010.
^ a b c Franklin, James L (August 6, 2003). Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Depression Two (PDF) (Report). United States National Hurricane Center. Retrieved January 31, 2017.
^ Lawrence, Miles (June 9, 2003). "June 9 Tropical Weather Outlook". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 29, 2010. [permanent dead link]
^ Franklin, James (June 9, 2003). "June 9 Tropical Weather Outlook (2)". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 29, 2010. [permanent dead link]
^ a b Avila, Lixion (June 11, 2003). "Tropical Depression Two Discussion One". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 29, 2010.
^ a b Pasch, Richard; Stewart, Stacy; Lawrence, Miles (July 1, 2003). "June 2003 Tropical Weather Summary". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 29, 2010.
^ Padgett, Gary (2000). "Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary June 2000". Australia Severe Weather. Retrieved February 3, 2012.
^ Pasch, Richard (June 11, 2003). "Tropical Depression Two Discussion Two". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 29, 2010.
^ Formosa, Mike (June 13, 2003). "June 13 Tropical Weather Discussion". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 29, 2010. [permanent dead link]
^ Avila, Lixion (June 13, 2003). "June 13 Tropical Weather Outlook". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 29, 2010. [permanent dead link]
^ a b Avila, lixion (December 8, 2003). "Tropical Storm Bill Tropical Cyclone Report". National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on October 5, 2008. Retrieved November 29, 2010.
^ National Climatic Data Center (August 2, 2003). "Event Report for Louisiana". Archived from the original on December 7, 2008. Retrieved November 29, 2010.
^ National Climatic Data Center (August 2, 2003). "Event Report for Louisiana (2)". Archived from the original on December 7, 2008. Retrieved November 29, 2010.
^ New Orleans National Weather Service (October 9, 2003). "Tropical Storm Bill Post Tropical Cyclone Report". Archived from the original on September 30, 2006. Retrieved November 29, 2010.
^ "Gulf Coast reeling from Tropical Storm Bill". USA Today. June 30, 2003. Retrieved November 29, 2010.
^ National Weather Service at Houston/Galveston (2003). "Upper Texas Coast Tropical Cyclones in the 2000s". Archived from the original on January 11, 2007. Retrieved December 15, 2007.
^ a b Stewart, Stacey (November 27, 2003). Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Danny (PDF) (Report). United States National Hurricane Center. Retrieved January 31, 2017.
^ a b c d Lawrence, Miles (August 18, 2003). "Tropical Depression Six Tropical Cyclone Report". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 29, 2010.
^ Avila, Lixion (July 19, 2003). "July 19 Tropical Weather Outlook". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 12, 2010. [permanent dead link]
^ Avila, Lixion (July 19, 2003). "Tropical Depression Six Discussion One". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 29, 2010.
^ Stewart, Stacy (June 20, 2003). "Tropical Depression Six Discussion Three". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 29, 2010.
^ Lawrence, Miles (July 20, 2003). "Tropical Depression Six Discussion Four". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 29, 2010.
^ Beven, Jack (July 21, 2003). "Tropical Depression Six Discussion Six". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 29, 2010.
^ Stewart, Stacy (July 22, 2003). "July 22 Tropical Weather Outlook". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 29, 2010. [permanent dead link]
^ a b c d Pasch, Richard (November 30, 2003). "Tropical Depression Seven Tropical Cyclone Report". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 29, 2010.
^ Avila, Lixion (July 25, 2003). "Tropical Depression Seven Discussion One". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 29, 2010.
^ "Saturday: No. 7 Unlucky For Soggy Georgia, SC". WJXT. July 26, 2003. Archived from the original on May 24, 2011. Retrieved December 30, 2011.
^ Roth, David (August 4, 2008). "Tropical Depression #7 – July 25–27, 2003". Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. Retrieved November 29, 2010.
^ a b Franklin, James (November 13, 2003). "Hurricane Erika Tropical Cyclone Report". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 29, 2010.
^ a b Avila, Lixion (November 17, 2003). "Tropical Depression Nine Tropical Cyclone Report". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 29, 2010.
^ Stewart, Stacy (August 18, 2003). "August 18 Tropical Weather Outlook". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 29, 2010. [permanent dead link]
^ Avila, Lixion (August 21, 2003). "Tropical Depression Nine Discussion One". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 29, 2010.
^ Stormcarib.net (2003). "Unofficial Reports from the Dominican Republic". Retrieved November 29, 2010.
^ Environment News Service (2003). "Bermuda's National Bird Blown Away". Retrieved October 17, 2006.
^ Karen Smith & Dan Rutstein (September 6, 2003). "Search for the missing a difficult job". The Royal Gazette. Retrieved January 3, 2008. [permanent dead link]
^ The Royal Gazette (September 6, 2003). "Bermuda Shorts — Fabian". Retrieved February 3, 2008. [permanent dead link]
^ a b Stewart, Stacy (November 27, 2003). "Tropical Storm Grace Tropical Cyclone Report". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved December 22, 2007.
^ Hydrometeorological Prediction Center (2005). "Rainfall data for Tropical Storm Grace". Retrieved December 17, 2007.
^ Jim O'Donnel (2003). "Tropical Storm Grace Preliminary Storm Report". Jamaica Beach Weather Observatory. Retrieved August 14, 2006.
^ Ty Judd (2003). "The 2003 Labor Day Weekend Heavy Rain and Flooding Event". Norman, Oklahoma National Weather Service. Archived from the original on June 4, 2006. Retrieved August 18, 2006.
^ Paducah, Kentucky National Weather Service (2003). "Autumn 2003 Weather Summary". Retrieved August 18, 2006.
^ a b Daniel P. Brown & Miles Lawrence (2003). "Tropical Storm Henri Tropical Cyclone Report". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved February 1, 2011.
^ James L. Franklin (2003). "Tropical Weather Outlook for September 12, 2003". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved December 19, 2007. [permanent dead link]
^ David Roth (2006). "Rainfall information on Tropical Storm Henri". Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. Retrieved February 1, 2011.
^ National Climatic Data Center (2003). "Event Report for Delaware". Archived from the original on January 12, 2012. Retrieved December 19, 2007.
^ a b National Climatic Data Center (2003). "Event Report for Pennsylvania". Archived from the original on January 12, 2012. Retrieved December 19, 2007.
^ Stefanie Baxter (2003). "Henri Visits Delaware" (PDF). Delaware Geological Survey. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 28, 2011. Retrieved February 1, 2011.
^ Avila, Lixion (September 6, 2003). "Tropical Storm Isabel Discussion Two". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved February 1, 2011.
^ Scotsman.com (September 19, 2003). "America feels the wrath of Isabel". The Scotsman. Edinburgh. Retrieved February 1, 2011.
^ National Climatic Data Center (2003). "Climate of 2003 – Comparison of Hurricanes Floyd, Hugo and Isabel". Retrieved February 1, 2011.
^ a b c d Franklin, James (September 11, 2003). "Tropical Depression Fourteen Tropical Cyclone Report". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 29, 2010.
^ Stewart, Stacy (September 7, 2003). "September 7 Tropical Weather Outlook". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 29, 2010. [permanent dead link]
^ Stewart, Stacy (September 8, 2003). "Tropical Depression Fourteen Discussion One". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 29, 2010.
^ Stewart, Stacy (September 8, 2003). "Tropical Depression Fourteen Discussion Two". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved December 20, 2007.
^ Knabb, Richard & Franklin, James (September 9, 2003). "Tropical Depression Fourteen Discussion Three". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 29, 2010.
^ Avila, Lixion (September 10, 2003). "Tropical Depression Fourteen Public Advisory Eight". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 29, 2010.
^ a b c d Avila, Lixion (May 12, 2004). "Hurricane Juan Tropical Cyclone Report". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved February 1, 2011.
^ Avila, Lixion (September 17, 2003). "September 17 Tropical Weather Outlook". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved February 1, 2011. [permanent dead link]
^ Avila, Lixion (September 27, 2003). "Hurricane Juan Discussion Ten". NHC. Retrieved December 21, 2007.
^ Pasch, Richard; Molleda, Robert (November 30, 2003). "Hurricane Kate Tropical Cyclone Report". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 29, 2010.
^ Rousell, Guy; Bowyer, Peter (October 6, 2003). "Canadian Hurricane Information Statement at 9:30 AM NDT Monday October 6, 2003". Canadian Hurricane Centre. Archived from the original on October 2, 2006. Retrieved November 29, 2010.
^ CBC news (October 7, 2003). "Lots of rain, but no flooding from Kate". CBC News. Retrieved October 4, 2006.
^ a b Sean Collins (2003). "Wavetraks October Newsletter". Surfline Forecast Team. Retrieved October 9, 2006.
^ a b c Stacy Stuart (2003). "Tropical Storm Larry Tropical Cyclone Report". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 3, 2006.
^ Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (2003). "Tormenta Tropical "Larry" del Océano Atlántico" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on December 29, 2005. Retrieved June 3, 2006.
^ David Roth (2006). "Rainfall data for Tropical Storm Larry". wpc. Retrieved September 21, 2006.
^ Associated Press (2003). "Tropical Depression Olaf weakens after moving inland". Archived from the original on September 30, 2007. Retrieved June 3, 2006.
^ Foro Consultivo Cientifico y Technológio (2005). "Desastres mayores registrados en México de 1980 a 2003" (PDF) (in Spanish). Retrieved June 3, 2006.
^ a b c d Lawrence, Miles (2003). "Tropical Storm Mindy Tropical Cyclone Report". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 29, 2010.
^ Beven, Jack (October 8, 2003). "October 8 Tropical Weather Outlook". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 9, 2006. [permanent dead link]
^ David Roth (2005). "Rainfall Information for Tropical Storm Mindy". Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. Retrieved October 9, 2006.
^ National Climatic Data Center (2003). "Event Report for Puerto Rico (6)". Archived from the original on December 7, 2008. Retrieved October 9, 2006.
^ a b National Climatic Data Center (2003). "Event Report for Puerto Rico (8)". Archived from the original on December 7, 2008. Retrieved October 9, 2006.
^ a b National Climatic Data Center (2003). "Event Report for Puerto Rico (12)". Archived from the original on December 7, 2008. Retrieved October 9, 2006.
^ National Climatic Data Center (2003). "Event Report for Puerto Rico (3)". Archived from the original on June 13, 2007. Retrieved October 9, 2006.
^ National Climatic Data Center (2003). "Event Report for Puerto Rico (11)". Archived from the original on June 13, 2007. Retrieved October 9, 2006.
^ a b World Meteorological Organization (2004). "Final Report of the 2003 Hurricane Season" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on October 29, 2005. Retrieved October 9, 2006.
^ Beven (2003). "Tropical Storm Mindy Discussion Two". NHC. Retrieved October 9, 2006.
^ Beven, John L (January 7, 2004). Tropical Cyclone Report Tropical Storm Nicholas (PDF) (Report). United States National Hurricane Center. Retrieved January 31, 2017.
^ Collins, Sean (December 16, 2003). "XXL Storm of the month". Surfline Forecast Team. Retrieved November 29, 2010.
^ Padgett, Gary (2003). "Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary — November 2003". Retrieved November 29, 2010.
^ Chenoweth (2006). "A Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity, 1700–1855". NOAA. Retrieved December 15, 2007.
^ Roth, David (June 20, 2007). "Tropical Storm Odette — December 3–7, 2003". Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. Retrieved November 29, 2010.
^ Avila, Lixion (December 7, 2003). "Tropical Storm Peter Discussion One". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 29, 2010.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2003 Atlantic hurricane season.
Monthly Weather Review
National Hurricane Center 2003 Atlantic hurricane season summary
U.S. Rainfall from Tropical Cyclones in 2003
Original: Original:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003_Atlantic_hurricane_season


text:
package org.crashstars.maps

/**
 * Created by anavidad on 13/10/15.
 */
object MapsUtils {

  val miles = "M"
  val kilometers = "K"

  /**
   * Distance between set of coordinates {@see org.crashstars.maps.Coordinate}
   * @param coordinates Set of {@see org.crashstars.maps.Coordinate}
   * @param unit {@see MapsUtils.miles, MapsUtils.kilometers}
   * @return
   */
  def calculateDistance(coordinates: Seq[Coordinate], unit: String = MapsUtils.miles): Double = {

    coordinates match {
      case head :: tail => {
        tail.foldLeft(head, 0.0d)((accum, point) => (point, accum._2 + distance(accum._1, point, unit)))._2
      }
      case Nil => 0.0
    }
  }

  /**
   * Distance between two {@see org.crashstars.maps.Coordinate}
   * @param point1
   * @param point2
   * @param unit
   */
  private def distance(point1: Coordinate, point2: Coordinate, unit: String = MapsUtils.miles): Double = {

    assert(point1 != null)
    assert(point2 != null)

    val theta = point1.longitude - point2.longitude;
    val distMiles = math.toDegrees(Math.acos(
      Math.sin(math.toRadians(point1.latitude)) *
        Math.sin(math.toRadians(point2.latitude)) +
        Math.cos(math.toRadians(point1.latitude)) *
          Math.cos(math.toRadians(point2.latitude)) *
          Math.cos(math.toRadians(theta)))) * 60 * 1.1515

    if (unit == MapsUtils.kilometers) {
      distMiles * 1.609344
    } else distMiles

  }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Carl H. Milam (October 22, 1884 – August 23, 1963) held many positions and made many contributions to the field of American library science. He was noted in an issue of American Libraries as one of the one hundred "most important leaders we had in the 20th century". Known mostly for his lengthy career at the American Library Association (1920–1948), he served as a leader in the association and earned the title "Mr. ALA". Mentioned throughout the pages of A History of the American Library Association 1876-1972, Milam has proved to be an influential figure in his long history at the ALA and in the field of librarianship. He was at the forefront in providing ideas, public relations strategies, services throughout World War I and World War II, and work in the international field.

Personal life
Although Milam was born in Kansas, he had roots in Oklahoma as he spent his childhood there. He grew up on a family farm and was related to Benjamin Milam, known for leading troops into San Antonio in the "settlers' 1835 revolt against Mexico".

He married Nell Robinson in May 1910 and they adopted a daughter, Margery, in 1914. They eventually had a child in 1918, and named her Mary.

Although he was a very busy man, he recorded his pastimes such as gardening and fishing in the diary he kept while he was at the UN library.

Education and early career
Milam attended New York State Library School, established by Melvil Dewey, after he completed a major in English at the University of Oklahoma. He began to search for a career and finally landed a job at the library at Purdue University. He took positions following this one on the Indiana Public Library Commission and later as director of the Birmingham Public Library. At the Birmingham Public Library he was able to promote the value of public libraries to the public, raise funds, and expand the library system drastically to six branches. He would use the skills he gained through these positions to become a leader in the ALA.

War time
World War I saw many changes in ways of life and in librarianship as well. In 1917, Milam put his career at the Birmingham Public Library on hold in order to be a part of the Library War Service. This organization was labeled as one of the "Seven Sisters" in wartime, in a similar category with organizations that provided services to those involved with the war. Camp libraries were set up for those serving overseas, and librarians agreed that they played a pivotal role in educating the public and establishing national identity.

Herbert Putnam, director of the organization, traveled overseas in December 1918 and placed Milam in the position of interim director, though he would later become permanent director. He was responsible for the general operating of the organization and had a considerable number of tasks related to local and overseas co-ordination. Milam proved to be a central figure in the wartime effort, and the Library War Service did much for librarians in the areas of exposure and funding.

Following the war, Milam wanted to ensure that the progress and exposure libraries and librarianship had gained would remain, and he became director of the "Enlarged Program" in 1919. Milam had believed that this program would "continue on that scale to the glory of libraries and the ALA", but funding was a major issue and they were unable to maintain the program.

During World War II and while with the ALA, Milam began to strategize and develop plans for the period following the war. He worked with a number of individuals to provide figures which illustrated that the field of library science would be able to employ many librarians and ex-servicemen and women following the war. Around the time, Milam was especially outspoken, sharing his opinions on policies with the government and providing suggestions to the Librarian of Congress.

American Library Association (1920-1948)
Milam proved to be a pivotal figure in the American Library Association, not only because of his long career there, but because ALA presidential terms only lasted a year. Therefore, the secretary and executive secretary kept the momentum going and the association would essentially rest on his shoulders. He was able to make recommendations to the executive board and other committees within the Association, showing an unprecedented amount of leadership throughout his time there. Peggy Sullivan outlines that many of Milam's ideas or proposals would end up in the minutes of executive meetings, followed by the statement "at the recommendation of the secretary."

Milam focused his efforts on the areas of personnel, finances and fundraising, aid from the federal government, and public relations. Notably, he pushed for pensions and annuities for the staff, and was generally successful. The end was bittersweet due to criticisms of his work toward the end of his ALA career. He was eventually nominated for president of the ALA in the year following his resignation, 1949, but the whole situation would prove to be an embarrassment due to the previous criticisms, and he was not elected.

Milam's career at the ALA offered him many opportunities to work and attend conferences abroad and in Latin America. As part of the International Relations Office at the ALA, he went on several trips visiting and getting to know the people and the libraries abroad. He worked closely with Sarah C.N. Bogle, director of the American Library in Paris education program, for a number of years, and considered the library his office while traveling in Paris. International work with the ALA had developed as an area of interest for him, and when the United Nations position was offered to him, it is not surprising that he took interest.

United Nations Library (1948–1950)
When Milam was offered a position at the United Nations Library during the criticism he was facing at the ALA, he weighed the pros and cons of accepting the position, and accepted. With the official title of "Director of the Division of Library Services", he focused on "his chief concerns" of "budget and personnel". This was probably due to his successes in these areas in his previous positions. He and the UN library had identified problem areas such as organization within the library and within personnel, and Milam developed solutions. He wrote about these experiences in the personal diary he kept throughout his time in the position from 1948 to 1950. Dale argues that "his arrival marked the beginning of two of the most exciting years in the history of the United Nations Library."

Milam had much to offer the United Nations Library, and certainly left his mark in the profession of library science throughout his career. He respectfully resigned in order to care for his ill wife in 1950, but he continued to be a prominent figure in the field until his death in the summer of 1963.

Notes

References
Dale, D.C. [Eds.]. 1976. Carl H. Milam and The United Nations Library. New Jersey: The Scarecrow Press, Inc.
Kelly, M.S. Fall 2003. Revisiting C.H. Milam's "What Libraries Learned from the War" and Rediscovering the Library Faith. Libraries & Culture Vol. 38 no.4, pp. 378–388. Retrieved from Library Literature & Information Science Retro Database - Wilson Web on Sept. 15th, 2010
Kniffel, L., McCormick, E. & Sullivan, P.  Dec. 1999. 100 of the most important leaders we had in the 20th century. American Libraries, 30,11, pp. 38–48.
Steilow, F.J. Fall, 1990. Librarian Warriors and Rapprochement: Carl Milam, Archibald MacLeish, and World War II. Libraries & Culture,vol.25 no.4, p. 513-533. .
Sullivan, P. 1976. Carl H. Milam and the American Library Association. New York:  H.W. Wilson.
Sullivan, P. Fall 2004. The Pioneers: Carl H. Milam (1884–1963). World Libraries (Online), Vol.14, no.2. Retrieved from Library literature & information science full text – Wilson web on Sept.15th, 2010 (https://web.archive.org/web/20110719080457/http://www.worlib.org/vol14no2/milam_v14n2.shtml).
Thomison, D. 1978. A History of the American Library Association: 1876-1972. Chicago: American Library Association.

External links
 / The Pioneers: Carl H. Milam, By: Peggy Sullivan
 / American Library Association: Presidents, Treasurers, Secretaries, and Executive Directors

American librarians
Library science scholars
1884 births
1963 deaths
People from Harper County, Kansas
University of Oklahoma alumni

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: How can I insert list of DataGridView rows into SQL table and keep them tracked? I am designing Point Of Sale software and I am new to SQL and C#.

As shown in screenshot and according to my code, I use DataGridView to list the customer order details and then I click "Save Order" to save the Customer information and the Order details. I used the combination of Order_Number and DateTime as for each customer to save their order details so I can find these details later.
I use two tables: one to store List of all orders with primary key ( Order_Number column) and the other to store Order Details and this table does not have primary or foreign keys.
Until now when I click "Save Order" everything is fine and all data is stored as I wanted. But the problem comes when I want to update the a customer order details. For example I want to update the 3 rows of order#5 and at this point I can not do this because the 3 rows in Order Details has nothing unique that can help me to identify the row3 which one is first row and which one is the last.
The update process should be something like:
Row 1 in order#5 in Order Details table = Row 0 in DataGridView
Row 2 in order#5 in Order Details table = Row 1 in DataGridView
Row 3 in order#5 in Order Details table = Row 2 in DataGridView
But again I can not identify the 3 rows in Order Details table.
I think something is wrong with tables design but as I said I am new to SQL and I do not know how can I store the customer order details and update it later. Anyone knows any idea how to achieve this? please help me.
private void SaveOrder_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        int OrderNumber;
        DateTime OrderDateTime ;
        OrderDateTime = DateTime.Now;

////This query to save order number and customer information. I used Order_Number as Primary key.

          SqlConnection cn0 = new SqlConnection("Data Source=PCN-TOSH;Initial Catalog=mydb;Integrated Security=True");
         Cn0.Open();

        SqlCommand cm0 = new SqlCommand("Insert into List_of_All_Orders (Phone, DateTime, address ) values ( @Phone, @DateTime, @Address)");

        cm0.Parameters.Add("@Phone", SqlDbType.BigInt);
        cm0.Parameters["@Phone"].Value = textBox1.Text;

        cm0.Parameters.Add("@DateTime", SqlDbType.DateTime);
        cm0.Parameters["@DateTime"].Value = OrderDateTime;

        cm0.Parameters.Add("@Address", SqlDbType.NVarChar);
        cm0.Parameters["@Address"].Value = textBox2.Text;

         cm0.Connection = cn0;
         cm0.ExecuteNonQuery();

//Next query finds the current order number (by counting rows of List of Orders table) so I can use it as identifier later when I save order details

    SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection("Data Source=.;Initial Catalog=mydb;Integrated Security=True");

            SqlCommand cm = new SqlCommand("SELECT * FROM List_of_All_Orders")
            SqlDataAdapter sda = new SqlDataAdapter(cm);
            DataTable dt = new DataTable();
            sda.Fill(dt);

            OrderNumber= dt.Rows.Count;

////////next query saves the the order details (I use Order_Number + DateTime as ID so I know where to find this order details///////////

        int RowCount = dataGridView1.Rows.Count;
        int  RowIndex = RowCount - 1;
        SqlConnection cn1 = new SqlConnection("Data Source=PCN-TOSH;Initial Catalog=mydb;Integrated Security=True");

        cn1.Open();

             for (i = 0; i <= RowIndex; i++)
             {

                 SqlCommand cm1 = new SqlCommand("Insert into Customer_Order_Details (Order_Number, DateTime, Qty,Description, Price ) values (@OrderNumber, @DateTime, @Qty,@Description, @Price)");

                 cm1.Parameters.Add("@OrderNumber", SqlDbType.Int);
                 cm1.Parameters["@OrderNumber"].Value = OrderNumber;

                 cm1.Parameters.Add("@DateTime", SqlDbType.DateTime);
                 cm1.Parameters["@DateTime"].Value = OrderDateTime;

                 cm1.Parameters.Add("@Qty", SqlDbType.Int);
                 cm1.Parameters["@Qty"].Value = dataGridView1.Rows[i].Cells[0].Value;

                 cm1.Parameters.Add("@Description", SqlDbType.Text);
                 cm1.Parameters["@Description"].Value = dataGridView1.Rows[i].Cells[1].Value;

                 cm1.Parameters.Add("@Price", SqlDbType.Money);
                 cm1.Parameters["@Price"].Value = dataGridView1.Rows[i].Cells[2].Value;

                 cm1.Connection = cn1;
                 cm1.ExecuteNonQuery();

             }

  }

A: I can suggest a simple database table fix:
Items table
ItemID      - int (primary key)
Name        - varchar
Price       - decimal
Description - varchar

Users table
UserID      - int (primary key)
Name        - varchar
Address     - varchar
Phone       - char

Orders table
OrderNo      - int (primary key)
OrderDate    - datetime
Status       - varchar (Pending, Processing, Completed, etc.)

OrderDetails table
RecordID      - int (primary key)
OrderNo       - int (foreign key)
UserID        - int (foreign key)
ItemID        - int (foreign key)
Quantity      - int (number of items)
Amount        - decimal (item price x quantity)
Timestamp     - datetime

EDIT: I included a sample form layout I just created few minutes ago:

You should create a form which allows you to order multiple items per order. In this form, there should be combo box controls that displays a list of items available (from your Items table) and list of existing user / customer, respectively. There should also be a text box control (that only accepts positive values).
There should be a button that allows you to insert the record to your OrderDetails table. This process will allow you to "keep" your item details before you complete your order. Perhaps you can tag the order number as 0 (or keep it null if allowed).
You can also create a validation which allows you to update the quantity (and the total amount to be paid) or delete an item from your order details.
Lastly, there should be a button control that allows you to "finalize" your order. The button should be able to insert a new record from your orders table. After the insertion, you should be able to update the existing records from the order details table then "tagged" the last recorded order number.
I hope the pseudo code helps. I might lend a hand if you were able to fix your work first :)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


If you're looking to organise a party with a difference for your children in Brentwood, Essex, Chelmsford or Billericay, then look no further than the fun ideas from Bubbleglam who have some memorable ideas to organise a party that your kids will never forget.
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Bubbleglam have a range of glamour party packages for children from 4 to 16 years old that will pamper your child and her guests making them feel grown up and beautiful. They provide an experienced attendant to care for your party guests and help them to glam up with make-up, hair glitter, sparkle nails and all the other fun bits to make this a very special party. There is a package to suit all budgets and occasions and the boys haven't been forgotten with the Bubbleglam Rocks package which includes body art and fake tattoos.
To make your child's party even more special Bubbleglam have created a Limo party package that has that real V.I.P. wow factor. Your child and their guests will be amazed and delighted when the UK's first stunning gold limousine turns up to take them out on a fun packed journey that they will never forget. And if this wasn't enough there is a pamper package included to make them feel extra special! Kids Limo parties are a great way to entertain your children from the age of 8 to 18 you can hold a party that will impress all of their guests.
Bubbleglam can organise everything for your children's party with a difference helping to make you party one to remember for years to come. Call the team today to find out more about the wonderful glamour party and Limo party packages available. You will be the best parents ever!


New Look's now a 'department store' at Oxford Westgate – in a bold new way. At the top of the stairs, each area's got its own individual style, just like customers. And different heights, just like customers: the ceiling level's a way to identify each department. Bright, lit-up signs make sections easy to navigate, from top to bottom (yours and the store's). The two-floor space keeps the double height on the outside, making New Look a stand-out shop within the Westgate complex.


text:
Emissions, Nature
Climate disrupts UK wildlife calendar
July 7th, 2016, by Tim Radford
Hungry blackbird chicks rely on there being plentiful insects for their parents to catch.
Image: Dennis@Stromness via Flickr
The largest ever study of the how climate sensitivity manifests itself in the seasonal behaviour of UK plants and animals warns that some species may struggle to survive.
LONDON, 7 July, 2016 – In a warming world, in which spring arrives ever earlier and rainfall patterns shift, some species may not be able to cope with change.
A major scientific survey warns that plants may flower before insects are ready to pollinate them, and the birds that time their nest cycles to the season for insects might find their prey in short supply.
Scientists in the UK have just published the largest ever study of ecosystems and the changes in the seasons. They report in Nature journal that a consortium of researchers from 18 organisations combed the literature to identify more than 10,000 data sets, containing 370,000 observations of seasonal events in the natural world.
Their search spanned the years 1960 to 2012, and involved 812 plant and animal species from the seashore, the rivers and lakes, and dry land.
Different responses
The study embraced three vital levels of the food chain: the primary-producer plants and algae that turn sunlight and carbon dioxide into food; the primary-consumer birds and insects that eat the plants and their seeds; and the secondary-consumer birds, fish and mammals that dine on the insects.
They also looked at national temperature change and rainfall data over the period. And their conclusion is that plants and animals differ in their response to climate change, and that creatures at different levels of the food chain differ yet again.
And they forecast that, overall, the primary consumers will have shifted their seasonal timing more than twice as much as the primary producers and the secondary consumers. By 2050, the primary consumers will be at work an average of 6.2 days earlier, whereas the other two groups will have moved forward more than 2.5 days, but less than three.
"This is the largest study of the climatic sensitivity of UK plant and animal seasonal behaviour to date," says the lead author, Stephen Thackeray, a lake ecologist from the UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology.
"We are lucky in the UK to have a long history
of people fascinated with observing
and recording events in nature"
"Our results show the potential for climate change to disrupt the relationships between plants and animals, and now it is crucially important that we try to understand the consequences of these changes."
In nature, timing is everything, and the study rests on a low-key, quietly-observed science called phenology − the record of when things happen in the natural world.
Foresters, gardeners, growers and ornithologists have been recording the dates of such things as first bud, first leaf, first nesting behaviour, first butterfly emergence since the 19th century, largely as a labour of love.
But it became clear two decades ago that such observations had begun to confirm the reality of climate change even more forcefully than slight shifts in the mercury of the thermometer. The evidence was in the form of milder winters, longer growing seasons, and earlier foliage in particular.
The long-term consequences of global warming remain uncertain. Researchers have recorded slower growth in the giants of the forest, shifts in the distribution of plants, and changes in mountain meadow wildflowers. There is evidence that creatures can adapt, but there must be losers as well.
Right now, nobody can predict who the winners and losers will be. But disturbance to ecosystems must have consequences, and the latest research is just that − an attempt to frame the big picture for further observation. And it rests on a century of naturalist record-keeping.
One of the report's authors, Deborah Hemming, a climate risk analyst at the UK Met Office, says: "We are lucky in the UK to have a long history of people fascinated with observing and recording events in nature.
"By quantifying the relationships between these phenological records and climate data across the UK, we identify many phenological events that are extremely sensitive to climate variations.
"These provide ideal early indicators, or sentinels, for monitoring and responding to the impacts of climate variability and change on nature." – Climate News Network
Biodiversity, climate change, emissions, Temperature rise, Warming
« Warming worries for south polar penguins Drying increases peat bog fire hazard »
One thought on "Climate disrupts UK wildlife calendar"
Ravine July 7, 2016 at 3:51 pm
I hate these "Climate News Network" articles which downplay what's really happening. It's as if the intent is to not alarm anyone too much. For example, the liberal use of "may" to describe what is painfully obviously true and has been true for decades. "Some species may not be able to cope . . ." Really? Instead, how about "Tens of thousands of species have already gone extinct and the number of extinctions is increasing every year." And notice how he makes every statement nice-sounding or at least neutral and "reasonable."
This article pretties up the real truths of climate change. Give a close read to everything under "Winners and Losers." It's language intended to mollify. "Nobody can predict . . " Really? That is an incredibly false statement. Just think about that for a few seconds. Species are labeled with "threatened" "endangered" etc. What is that if not a prediction? There have been thousands of papers and articles written about predicting the fate of thousands of different species.
"Long term consequences remain uncertain." Really? Well, "uncertain" perhaps as in "we don't know exactly what will happen." Well here's something for certain–how about "Long term consequences will most certainly be disastrous for all but a few forms of life on this planet," a sentiment which has been stated thousands of times by scientists for decades.
"There will be winners and losers." Sounds like a nice well-balanced, rational, and sensible attitude for everyone to have so as not to get too upset and out in the streets demanding change. But in reality it's a terribly cruel and cynical statement, a rationalization because the ratio or winners to losers is more like 1:10,000. Weed species–that's what we're being left with.
Many "Climate News Network" articles appear to be reality-based, but many others raise in me the suspicion they are a clever form of oil company and Koch-backed climate-change denial journalism.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Sojus 32 ist die Missionsbezeichnung für den am 25. Februar 1979 gestarteten Flug eines sowjetischen Sojus-Raumschiffs zur sowjetischen Raumstation Saljut 6. Es war der siebente Besuch eines Sojus-Raumschiffs bei dieser Raumstation und der 52. Flug im sowjetischen Sojusprogramm. Nach Sojus 31 wurde ein unbemanntes Sojus-T-Raumschiff unter der Tarnbezeichnung Kosmos 1074 gestartet.

Besatzung

Startbesatzung
 Wladimir Afanassjewitsch Ljachow (1. Raumflug), Kommandant
 Waleri Wiktorowitsch Rjumin (2. Flug), Bordingenieur

Ljachow und Rjumin waren zuvor schon zusammen Unterstützungsmannschaft von Sojus 26 und Ersatzmannschaft für Sojus 29.

Ersatzmannschaft
 Leonid Iwanowitsch Popow, Kommandant
 Walentin Witaljewitsch Lebedew, Bordingenieur

Die Unterstützungsmannschaft bestand aus Wjatscheslaw Sudow und Boris Andrejew.

Rückkehrbesatzung
Die Rückkehrkapsel landete leer.

Missionsüberblick
Ljachow und Rjumin bildeten die dritte Stammbesatzung von Saljut 6 (Saljut 6 EO-3). In ihrer Anwesenheit wurden drei Versorgungsraumschiffe, Progress 5, 6 und 7, empfangen und entladen. Am 15. August verließen die Kosmonauten die Station zu Außenarbeiten für eine Stunde und 23 Minuten.

Während des Aufenthalts war der Besuch der Interkosmos-Besatzung von Sojus 33 geplant. Die Kopplung konnte wegen Problemen mit dem Haupttriebwerk von Sojus 33 nicht erfolgen. Damit war auch der Austausch der Sojus 32 gegen Sojus 33 als Rückkehrmodul für die Stammmannschaft nicht mehr möglich. Die Lebensdauer der Sojus-Raumschiffe war zu diesem Zeitpunkt auf 90 Tage begrenzt und endete damit am 26. Mai. Daher wurde am 6. Juni das Raumschiff Sojus 34 unbemannt zur Station geschickt. Nach erfolgreicher Kopplung wurde die alte Sojus 32 abgetrennt und landete am 13. Juni ohne Besatzung. Ljachow und Rjumin landeten mit Sojus 34 erfolgreich.

Siehe auch
Liste bemannter Missionen zur Raumstation Saljut 6
Liste der Saljut-6-Expeditionen
Liste der Raumfahrer

Weblinks

Sojus 32
Sowjetische bemannte Raumfahrt
Raumfahrtmission 1979


A New Nothing is an online project dedicated to facilitating two-person, image-based conversations between artists. It operates as an ongoing platform for collaboration, one that highlights the tangential, meandering and surprising nature of visual exchanges. It was also conceptualized as a space for artists to play in public – to follow impulses, ideas, and formal whims that they may not allow themselves to pursue within the boundaries of their art practices. Ultimately, A New Nothing exists as a mechanism to help people consider the poetic, narrative, metaphorical, thematic and formal implications of set of interconnected images.


text:
Poitou was a province of west-central France whose capital city was Poitiers.
The main historical cities are Poitiers, Châtellerault, Niort, La Roche-sur-Yon, Thouars, and Parthenay.
The region of Poitou was called Thifalia in the sixth century.
A marshland called the Poitevin Marsh is located along the Gulf of Poitou, on the west coast of France, just north of La Rochelle and west of Niort.
At the conclusion of the Battle of Taillebourg in the Saintonge War, which was decisively won by the French, King Henry III of England recognized his loss of continental Plantagenet territory to France. This was ratified by the Treaty of Paris of 1259, by which King Louis annexed Normandy, Maine, Anjou, and Poitou).
During the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, Poitou was a hotbed of Huguenot activity among the nobility and bourgeoisie. The Protestants were discriminated against and brutally attacked during the French Wars of Religion. Under the Edict of Nantes, such discrimination was temporarily suspended but this measure was repealed by the French Crown.
Some of the French colonists, later known as Acadians, who settled beginning in 1604 in eastern North America came from southern Poitou. They established settlements in what is now Nova Scotia, and later in New Brunswick—both of which were taken over in the later 18th century by the English,.
After the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685, the French Roman Catholic Church conducted a strong Counter-Reformation effort. In 1793, this effort had contributed to the three-year-long open revolt against the French Revolutionary Government in the Bas-Poitou. Similarly, during Napoleon's Hundred Days in 1815, the Vendée stayed loyal to the Restoration Monarchy of King Louis XVIII. Napoleon dispatched 10,000 troops under General Lamarque to pacify the region.
As noted by historian Andre Lampert,
"The persistent Huguenots of 17th Century Poitou and the fiercely Catholic rebellious Royalists of what came be the Vendée of the late 18th Century had ideologies very different, indeed diametrically opposed to each other. The common thread connecting both phenomena is a continuing assertion of a local identity and opposition to the central government in Paris, whatever its composition and identity. In the region where Louis XIII and Louis XIV had encountered stiff resistance, the House of Bourbon gained loyal and militant supporters exactly when it had been overthrown and when a Bourbon loyalty came to imply a local loyalty in opposition to the new central government, that of Robespierre."
Large parts of the "Angelique" series of historical novels are set in 17th century Poitou.


text:
#include <aws/ec2/model/DisassociateTransitGatewayMulticastDomainRequest.h>
#include <aws/core/utils/StringUtils.h>
#include <aws/core/utils/memory/stl/AWSStringStream.h>

using namespace Aws::EC2::Model;
using namespace Aws::Utils;

DisassociateTransitGatewayMulticastDomainRequest::DisassociateTransitGatewayMulticastDomainRequest() :
    m_transitGatewayMulticastDomainIdHasBeenSet(false),
    m_transitGatewayAttachmentIdHasBeenSet(false),
    m_subnetIdsHasBeenSet(false),
    m_dryRun(false),
    m_dryRunHasBeenSet(false)
{
}

Aws::String DisassociateTransitGatewayMulticastDomainRequest::SerializePayload() const
{
  Aws::StringStream ss;
  ss << "Action=DisassociateTransitGatewayMulticastDomain&";
  if(m_transitGatewayMulticastDomainIdHasBeenSet)
  {
    ss << "TransitGatewayMulticastDomainId=" << StringUtils::URLEncode(m_transitGatewayMulticastDomainId.c_str()) << "&";
  }

  if(m_transitGatewayAttachmentIdHasBeenSet)
  {
    ss << "TransitGatewayAttachmentId=" << StringUtils::URLEncode(m_transitGatewayAttachmentId.c_str()) << "&";
  }

  if(m_subnetIdsHasBeenSet)
  {
    unsigned subnetIdsCount = 1;
    for(auto& item : m_subnetIds)
    {
      ss << "SubnetIds." << subnetIdsCount << "="
          << StringUtils::URLEncode(item.c_str()) << "&";
      subnetIdsCount++;
    }
  }

  if(m_dryRunHasBeenSet)
  {
    ss << "DryRun=" << std::boolalpha << m_dryRun << "&";
  }

  ss << "Version=2016-11-15";
  return ss.str();
}

void  DisassociateTransitGatewayMulticastDomainRequest::DumpBodyToUrl(Aws::Http::URI& uri ) const
{
  uri.SetQueryString(SerializePayload());
}


In use since 2005, BBC FOUR's Ice ident has been updated for 2015 with the channel's special Christmas logo.
On Christmas Eve, BBC FOUR will be broadcasting a special programme - 'All Aboard! The Sleigh Ride' - a magical journey across the frozen wilderness of the Arctic.


text:
Twitch Prime now includes a monthly bundle of games
Dominic Tarason
16th March 2018 / 10:16PM
Like it or not, subscription services are becoming a greater part of the gaming sphere with each passing month. Humble Monthly, Origin Access, the XBox game pass (which now includes PC games) among others. Many of us already have a subscription to Amazon Prime, which brings with it a slew of perks and giveaways on streaming mega-hub Twitch.tv, and now you can get a monthly bundle of games as part of the service.
The first month's lineup is an impressive lot, including time-bending FPS Superhot, teen horror adventure Oxenfree, Hotline Miami-esque Mr Shifty, board-game adaptation Tomb of Annihilation and (last, but by no means least) brilliant Japanese-themed Commandos tribute Shadow Tactics: Blades of the Shogun.
To access all of these goodies, you'll first need to claim the items via Twitch's rewards drop-down panel (the crown in the top-right corner of the UI), and to install the games you'll need the official Twitch desktop app. Yes, it's one more installer/storefront to have cluttering up your desktop, but it's also very cheap games, and you really should play Shadow Tactics. It's quite utterly lovely and it's great that more people will have a chance to play it. If it's somehow managed to sneak under your radar (appropriately enough), here's the trailer:
Also available via Twitch's present slew of giveaways is the original Devil May Cry. Word is that the port is a little on the cheap side (it's capped to 1080p, and misbehaves if you run it at over 60fps), but it's an otherwise fun look at the missing link between Resident Evil and the modern character-action genre. Perhaps takes the wind out of the recent Devil May Cry 1-3 HD collection released recently, though.
The first month of Games With Twitch Prime is live now, and will be available for the next two weeks. Make sure you tag them while they're available if you've got an Amazon Prime subscription.
Tagged with Twitch, Devil May Cry, Mr Shifty, Oxenfree, Shadow Tactics: Blades of the Shogun, SUPERHOT.
Devil May Cry Review
Mr Shifty
Oxenfree Review
SUPERHOT Review
Wot I Think: Devil May Cry 4 - Special Edition
Dante look good?
Devil May Cry 5 features demon hunters old and new in a new trailer
Devil May Cry 5 embraces its own campness and revs up to launch in March
Devil May Cry 5 bringing back old Dante in 2019


text:
L'agression saoudienne contre le Yémen
Sur le Yémen
Army, committees forces advancing in Lahj Front
LAHJ, June 05 (Saba) - The army and popular committees forces managed to advance in al-Qabaitah front in Lahj province from the eastern and western directions, a military official said on Sunday.
Responding to the continous assaults and breaches from the mercenaries' sites, the army and committees forces advanced on the al-Qabaitah front and purged a number of the sites that were under the control of the mercenaries, the official explained.
He pointed out that the army and committees cleansed Jales and al-Mashqar mountains, Wadi al-Bair, al-Nasr School and Dayash area to the west and advanced from the east direction toward al-Mughaniya area.
The aggression mercenaries incurred a large number of dead and wounded during the confrontations, the official added.


Association Fees 194.00 a month,you own the lot. Newly Updated & Upgraded 2 Bdrm 2 Bath Spacious 1128 s.f. Home in Quiet & Safe Community with 3 Pools and Jacuzzi.New Island Kitchen & Baths w/tile and Decorative tile in Shower & tub area,vanity tops & kitchen counter tops. New Wood Cabinets & Vanities,ceiling fans, lights,plumbing, tile floor over dura rock flooring.New impact windows in Large Florida room & living room.Master Bdrm and full length Screened Lanai,Carport & parking for 2 Cars.Plenty of Shopping & Dinning 1.5 miles away, a few miles to Downtown Ft. Myers.Plenty of events going on in this Community. 55+ You can buy another share to reduce your association fees in half.Cash Only.Had it rented for $1,200 a month year round.


You're about to complete therapy and you are wondering what are the most appropriate gifts for therapists. What are the best gifts for Physical Therapists? How about selecting a good Occupational Therapy gift?
Your PT or OT appreciates knowing that you care enough to think about giving them a gift. While providing a physical gift isn't necessary, it may be something that you really want to do for your therapist.
If you want to give a thank you gift to your PT or OT, consider these Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy gift ideas.
1. Write out a thank you card.
Simply receiving a thank you card can go a long way in showing your appreciation for the care you received from your PT pr OT.
2. Write your doctor a thank you card.
One of the best compliments you can give your therapist is to tell your physician how much you enjoyed the care you received from them. A quick note to your doctor will mean a lot to your therapist.
Providing an honest review that highlights the great care you received can be a fantastic gift.
4. Refer a friend or family member.
Let you PT or OT know that you want to refer your friends and family to them and be sure to ask for a few cards. This will mean a lot to your therapist as it shows them how much you appreciated the care you received.
If you really want to bring a physical gift, consider these smaller, but meaningful items. Just know that some therapists may not be comfortable receiving gifts as they don't want it to somehow influence your treatment (as though it might elicit preferential treatment). If you decide to provide a physical gift, it would be best to provide them with the gift on your last appointment day.
5. Bring coffee or breakfast.
6. Have a sandwich delivered for lunch.
7. Bring a small arrangement of flowers or succulents.
9. Bring in a gift for their pets (if they have one).
10. Small gift card ($20 or less) to Starbucks or Amazon.
1. Money – Cold hard cash.
While it may not be illegal to extend a monetary gift to your therapist, it may put your PT or OT in an awkward situation.
In some clinics, alcohol may not be allowed on site, so this might not be the one of best gifts for therapists to receive.
Your may have the best intention when giving your therapist a personal item or family heirloom, but it may not be the best gift for your therapist. Keep family heirlooms in the family in order to avoid a potentially awkward situation for you and the therapist who may not feel comfortable accepting such a gift.
Your therapist is most likely an active person, so a nice pair of headphones will be a great gift that's under $30!
Many PTs work in a home health setting, driving 50 to 100+ miles a day. Giving an audiobook or a subscription to Audible will make that drive so much easier.
This is a must have for the PT who is sporting around an Apple Watch. You'll be a hit and your PT will love having an extra charger in the clinic, car or at home.
Ok, one more thing for the Apple Watch. A nice leather strap is a great add on feature that will dress up any watch and won't break the bank. Some straps are just $10 to $15, a great price for a very nice stocking stuffer!
Does your PT like coffee? What about water, do they drink water? 🙂 The Yeti tumbler will run about $30, but another great mug is the RTIC tumbler, which is just under $20. Take your pick – both are great gifts that will your PT will love.
The echo is one of those gifts that are great to get even if you already have a smart speaker. It's actually really nice to get a second smart speaker that you can put into another room, which makes the Echo a great gift that fits in your budget since it's just under $50.
Being a PT can be a stressful and tiring job. It's not uncommon to wake up sore and to experience our own aches and pains from performing treatments for our own patients. A gift certificate to receive a massage is one of the ultimate thank you gifts and an excellent holiday gift for a physical therapist!
Buying a gift for a traveling PT? As someone who loves to travel, I enjoy a great travel bag that is both functional and stylish. A bag like this should go over very well as a gift this year.
Do you have any recommendations for Physical or Occupational Therapy gift ideas?