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Companion to Standing Orders - Companion to Standing Orders Contents
Private Legislation
Role of the Chairman of Committees
9.01 In addition to his duties in the House, the Chairman of Committees exercises a general supervision and control over private bills, personal bills, Scottish provisional order confirmation bills and hybrid instruments. References in any private business standing order or in the Statutory Orders (Special Procedure) Act 1945 to the Chairman of Committees are construed as including references to the Principal Deputy Chairman of Committees and to any other Deputy Chairman.[358]
9.02 The Chairman of Committees has the duty to name the Lords to form the following committees:
(a) select committees on private bills;
(b) select committees on opposed personal bills;
(c) select committees on opposed provisional order confirmation bills;
(d) joint committees under the Private Legislation Procedure (Scotland) Act 1936 (House of Lords members);
(e) joint committees under the Statutory Orders (Special Procedure) Act 1945 (House of Lords members);
unless he is of the opinion that any such committee should be selected and proposed to the House by the Committee of Selection or unless at least two members of that committee request a meeting for that purpose.[359] The Chairman of Committees also has the duty to name the chairman of any select committee on a private bill appointed by him.[360]
1: PRIVATE BILLS
Origination of private bills
9.03 Private bills originate outside Parliament and are promoted by bodies seeking special powers not available under the general law. They should not be confused with private members' bills, which are public bills (see paragraph 8.29). Each private bill starts with a petition to Parliament from the promoter for leave to bring in a bill.[361] The petition, with a copy of the proposed bill annexed to it, is deposited on or before 27 November in the House of Commons[362] and a copy of the proposed bill is deposited in the office of the Clerk of the Parliaments.
9.04 The government cannot promote a private bill. When a government department wants to promote a bill which would, if promoted by another person or body, be a private bill the bill is introduced as a public bill and is subsequently treated as a hybrid bill (see paragraph 8.213).
9.05 Where a bill deals exclusively with the personal affairs of an individual it may be certified by the Chairman of Committees and the Chairman of Ways and Means in the Commons ("the two Chairmen" or "the Chairmen") as a "personal bill", though such bills are rare. Personal bills can be presented at any time during the session.
9.06 Scottish private legislation on matters not wholly within the legislative competence of the Scottish Parliament (other than personal bills) is governed by a statutory procedure contained in the Private Legislation Procedure (Scotland) Act 1936 (see paragraph 9.66).
Examination for compliance with standing orders
9.07 Each House normally appoints an Examiner of Petitions for Private Bills.[363] The Clerk of Public and Private Bills in the Lords and the Clerk of Bills in the Commons customarily hold these offices, and each Examiner may act on behalf of either House. On occasion both Examiners may sit to examine a particular bill. In the Lords, appointments are made by the House, and in the Commons by the Speaker. Beginning on 18 December, each petition for a bill is examined by one of the Examiners, who certifies whether the standing orders applicable contained in the Private Business Standing Orders and similar standing orders of the House of Commons have been complied with.[364] These standing orders require notices and advertisements and the deposit of bills and other documents at various public offices.
9.08 Complaints of non-compliance with the standing orders ("memorials") may be presented, and memorialists are entitled to be heard before the Examiner.[365]
9.09 The Examiner certifies to both Houses whether the standing orders applicable have, or have not, been complied with. If they have not been complied with, the Examiner reports the facts and any special circumstances. Should the Examiner be in doubt as to the construction of any standing order in its application to a particular case, he or she makes a special report of the facts, without deciding whether the standing order has or has not been complied with.[366]
9.10 In a case of non-compliance or doubt the Examiner's certificate or report is referred by each House to its Standing Orders (Private Bills) Committee.[367] Both Committees must agree to suspend or dispense with the relevant Standing Orders in order for the bill to progress further.
9.11 The memorandum which accompanies each Private Bill when it is deposited on 27 November includes a statement by or on behalf of the promoters of the bill as to the compatibility of the provisions of the bill with the Convention Rights (as defined in the Human Rights Act 1998).[368] In the case of every private bill, whether introduced in the Lords or the Commons, a report from a minister of the Crown on the promoter's statement of opinion required by Private Business SO 38(3) is to be presented no later than the second sitting day after first reading in each House.[369]
Late bills
9.12 A promoter who wishes to introduce a bill late (after 27 November) submits to the two Chairmen a statement of the objects of the bill, the reasons for the need to proceed during the current session, and the reasons why it was impracticable to deposit the bill by 27 November.
9.13 The Chairmen consider:
(a) whether the explanation justifies the delay in depositing the bill; and
(b) whether the proposals are so urgent that postponement of the bill to the following November would be contrary to the public interest.
9.14 If the Chairmen are satisfied on these points, or if they consider that the public interest so requires, the appropriate Chairman gives leave for the petition and the bill to be deposited in the House in which they decide the bill is to originate.[370]
9.15 After the petition together with the proposed bill has been presented to the House, it is referred to the Examiners. The Examiners certify to both Houses non-compliance with standing orders. The Certificate is referred to the Standing Orders Committee of each House. If both committees report that the standing orders ought to be dispensed with, the bill is presented and read a first time.
9.16 The bill, as presented, should not contain any non-urgent provisions nor any other than those outlined in the original statement of the promoters in support of their application.
Lords bills: introduction and first reading
9.17 The allocation of private bills between the two Houses is determined between the two Chairmen or, more usually, their Counsel, on or before 8 January.[371] The private bills proposed to be introduced are divided as equally as possible between the two Houses with a view to general convenience. Where a bill has been rejected previously in one House, a subsequent bill with similar objects normally originates in that House. Personal bills and consolidation bills usually originate in the Lords.
9.18 It is usual, before any allocation is made, for Counsel to the two Chairmen to invite representations from each promoter.
9.19 First reading is "formal", that is to say, by way of an entry in the Minutes of Proceedings. No proceedings take place in the House itself. In the case of bills originating in the House of Lords, it takes place on 22 January or, if later, the day on which:
(i) the Examiner has certified that standing orders have been complied with; or
(ii) the Standing Orders Committee has reported that standing orders have been complied with; or
(iii) the House, on report from the Standing Orders Committee that the standing orders ought to be dispensed with, has agreed that the bill should be allowed to proceed.[372]
Subsequent stages
9.20 The Chairman of Committees normally moves subsequent stages of private bills in the House (but see paragraph 9.26 below). His Deputies may act for him for all purposes connected with private legislation.[373]
Petitions against private bills
9.21 Parties affected by a bill may present a petition against it, which must state clearly the grounds of their objection to the bill.[374]
9.22 Petitions against Lords bills must usually be presented on or before 6 February. Petitions against a Commons bill, or a late bill originating in the House of Lords, may be deposited up to 10 days after first reading, subject to private business SOs 201 and 201A. Petitions against Commons bills are admissible whether or not the petitioner also petitioned against the bill in the Commons.
9.23 Petitions against proposed amendments must be lodged in time for the committee to consider them.
Petitions for additional provision
9.24 After the introduction of a bill, the promoters may wish to make additional provision in the bill in respect of matters which require the service of new notices and advertisements. A petition for that purpose, after approval by the Chairman of Committees, who acts for this purpose in close accord with the Chairman of Ways and Means, is deposited in the office of the Clerk of the Parliaments with a copy of the provisions proposed to be added. The petition is referred to the Examiners, and may not proceed unless any standing orders applicable have been complied with or dispensed with. A petition for additional provision may not be presented in the case of a bill brought from the Commons.[375]
Second reading
9.25 The second reading of a private bill is usually taken before public business and is usually brief. It does not, as in the case of public bills, affirm the principle of the bill, which may therefore be called in question before a committee, or at a later stage. The second reading is normally moved by the Chairman of Committees, and provides an opportunity for him to direct the attention of the House to any special circumstances connected with the bill.[376]
9.26 A member of the Lords who intends to debate the second reading of a bill is expected to notify the Chairman of Committees, the Public and Private Bill Office or the Government Whips' Office; a member who intends to oppose it should always do so. The Chairman of Committees then usually asks the promoters to arrange for someone other than himself to move the second reading, and he may enter it at a lower place on the order paper.
9.27 The second reading of a bill originating in the House of Lords may not be taken earlier than the second sitting day after first reading[377] and it is customary to wait until the petitioning period has expired before taking second reading.
9.28 Lords bills affected by the standing orders originally devised by Lord Wharncliffe, which govern the consents of proprietors, members and directors of companies,[378] are referred again to the Examiners after second reading.[379] Such bills are not committed unless those Orders have been complied with or dispensed with.[380]
9.29 Instructions to committees on private bills may be moved at any time between the second reading and committee stage of the bill, but are usually put down for the same day as the second reading. The Chairman of Committees should be informed before an instruction is tabled.[381]
9.30 Permissive instructions enable the committee to do what it could not do without such an instruction. However, any enlargement of the scope of a bill should be effected by a petition for additional provision rather than such an instruction. Mandatory instructions compel the committee to do something which it already has discretion to do. However, the House has been reluctant to agree to any instruction which will restrict the decisions of the committee.
9.31 The most usual type of instruction on a private bill is of a cautionary nature. For example, the committee is sometimes instructed to have regard to certain matters or to ensure that various objections have been considered. An instruction of this nature is often accepted by the House, as it ensures that the committee considers matters which might not be raised by the parties appearing before it or in a departmental report.
9.32 To assist them in carrying out an instruction, committees have on occasion been given power by the House to hear evidence other than that tendered by the parties entitled to be heard. This expedient, however, is open to criticism: it may enable a person to oppose a bill without having petitioned against it, and there is no fund out of which the fees of any expert witness may be paid.
9.33 Instructions have occasionally been given to an unopposed bill committee.
9.34 It is customary for the committee to make a special report to the House upon matters referred to in an instruction.
9.35 Private business SOs 124A and 131-146 amount to "standing instructions" to committees on certain types of bill.
9.36 After second reading every unopposed bill is normally committed to an unopposed bill committee.[382] Every bill opposed by petitions is committed to a select committee.[383]
9.37 The Chairman of Committees may report to the House that, in his opinion, an unopposed bill should be proceeded with as an opposed bill and committed to a select committee.[384] In such a case the committee might be authorised to hear evidence tendered by parties other than the promoters, but this procedure has rarely been used.
Committees on opposed bills
9.38 Select committees on opposed bills consist of five members, normally named by the Chairman of Committees, who also nominates the chairman, and reports his appointments to the House. Members of the House with an interest in the bill may not serve on the committee.[385] If the chairman is absent, the committee may appoint a substitute.[386]
9.39 In principle every member of the committee must attend the whole proceedings, but the committee may sit with only four members if all the parties agree. In this case a report is made to the House. If the consent of any party is withheld, the committee adjourns and may not resume in the absence of a member without leave of the House. No member who is not a member of the committee may take any part in its proceedings.[387]
9.40 If the committee adjourns over a day on which the House sits, it must report the reason to the House.[388] Promoters and petitioners may be represented by counsel or agents. The committee hears arguments and evidence from the parties and the representations of government departments, which may include opposition to all or part of the bill. The committee is not allowed to hear other evidence without an order of the House. The committee may decide that the bill should be allowed to proceed, with or without amendments, or "that it is not expedient to proceed further with the bill".[389]
Locus standi
9.41 In general, and subject to private business SOs 115-120, a petitioner has a right to be heard if his or her interests are specially and directly affected by the bill. If another party challenges a petitioner's locus standi, the question is heard and decided by the committee at the beginning of their proceedings.[390]
Bill rejected
9.42 If the select committee rejects the bill, an entry to this effect is made in the Minutes of Proceedings. The bill does not then proceed further and is removed from the list of Bills in Progress in House of Lords Business.
Recommitment
9.43 If the committee reports that the bill should be allowed to proceed, the bill is recommitted to an unopposed bill committee, which then considers the unopposed clauses. It may not vary any decision made by the select committee.[391]
9.44 If no petitioner appears, or if all petitions are withdrawn before proceedings commence, or if the locus standi of all petitioners is disallowed, then the select committee reports accordingly; the bill becomes unopposed, and, unless there is an instruction, the Bill is recommitted to an unopposed bill committee.[392] However, if an instruction has been given to a select committee on a private bill, the committee must consider the bill and instruction.
9.45 In certain circumstances, when it is thought that the House should be informed of the findings of a committee, and its reasons for reaching them, a special report is made and printed. It is usual, for instance, to make a special report in response to an instruction. An order for the special report to be considered can be made, to allow the House to debate and review the decisions of the committee; but third reading provides the normal opportunity for such a debate.
Unopposed bill committees
9.46 Each unopposed bill committee normally consists of the Chairman of Committees assisted by his Counsel.[393] The Chairman of Committees may select further members from the panel of Deputy Chairmen.[394] No member who is not a member of the committee may take any part in the proceedings. The promoters may be represented by their agents (rather than by counsel) and may call witnesses; evidence called is not tendered on oath. Representatives of the government departments which have reported on the bill attend and may be questioned by the committee.[395]
9.47 The promoter's agent is called upon to justify any clauses on which the Chairman of Committees has asked for further information or which are the subject of a departmental report. The committee may then amend the bill as it thinks fit.
9.48 When the committee is prepared to accept the bill, witnesses are called, on oath, to prove the preamble to the bill and to produce copies of any Private Acts, and the originals of any documents, referred to in the preamble.
9.49 The proceedings of committees on both unopposed and opposed bills are concluded by an entry in the Minutes of Proceedings reporting the bill from the committee. Amendments made in committee are available for inspection in the Private Bill Office; the bill as amended must be deposited by the promoter at certain public offices. No Report stage is held in the House. However, after the bill has been reported by the committee, drafting or consequential amendments can be inserted in the bill by Counsel to the Chairman of Committees on the authority of the Chairman, and endorsed "Amendments made on Report". No entry in the Minutes of Proceedings is made when this is done.[396]
Third reading and passing
9.50 In the majority of cases the third reading of a private bill is formal. Any amendments proposed to be moved on third reading must be submitted to the Chairman of Committees at least "one clear day", that is, two days, in advance.[397] All amendments which have the approval of the Chairman of Committees are moved by him; the House usually accepts them without question. These are usually amendments asked for by the promoters to correct errors or to carry out agreements made during the committee stage. Occasionally an amendment contrary to the wishes of the promoters is submitted and moved by a member of the House. In such cases a debate would ordinarily arise.
9.51 Any member of the House who wishes to speak without proposing amendments is expected to notify the Chairman of Committees of his intention in advance. Such remarks should be made on the motion that the bill do now pass, not on the motion for third reading.
Commons bills
9.52 A private bill brought from the Commons is read a first time forthwith by means of an entry in the Minutes of Proceedings, and referred to the Examiners in respect of the standing orders relating to such bills.[398] It may not be read a second time until the standing orders have been complied with or dispensed with.[399] Petitions against it may be deposited up to 10 days after first reading,[400] whether or not the petitioner also petitioned the House of Commons.[401] If it is amended in the House of Lords, it may be referred to the Examiners again in respect of the amendments.[402]
Queen's Consent
9.53 When the Queen's or Prince of Wales' Consent (see paragraphs 8.184-8.187) is required for a private bill it is usually signified on third reading by a minister who is a Privy Counsellor, and recorded by entry in the Minutes of Proceedings.
Commons amendments
9.54 Amendments made by the Commons to Lords bills, or to Lords amendments to Commons bills, and amendments to such amendments which the promoters wish to make in the House of Lords, are submitted to the Chairman of Committees for approval.[403] Commons amendments are usually agreed formally by an entry in the Minutes of Proceedings, without notice, and not taken in the House.
9.55 If there is disagreement between the Houses on amendments to private bills, the same procedure is followed as for public bills. However, decisions on private legislation are coordinated between the two Houses, so that the need for this procedure seldom arises. Neither House reinserts a provision struck out by the other House unless by agreement in advance between the two Houses.
9.56 Private bills other than personal bills receive Royal Assent in the same form as public bills,"La Reyne le veult" (see Appendix H).
Personal bills
9.57 Petitions for bills relating to the "estate, property, status, or style, or otherwise relating to the personal affairs, of an individual"[404] are presented to the House of Lords rather than the House of Commons. The petition must be signed by one or more of the parties principally concerned in the consequences of the bill, and may be deposited at any time during the session.[405] The petition and draft bill which must accompany it are considered by the Chairman of Committees and the Chairman of Ways and Means, who may certify that the proposed bill is of such a nature and that private business SOs 4-68 should not be applicable to it. Bills so certified are termed personal bills and are subject to private business SOs 151-153, 157-170 and 173-174. These bills are now rare, partly in consequence of the passing of the Marriage (Prohibited Degrees of Relationship) Act 1986, which relaxed the prohibitions on many previously prohibited relationships for which parliamentary approval was sought.
9.58 Every petition for a personal bill is referred to the Chairman of Committees for preliminary scrutiny, aided by Counsel. The procedure for first reading is the same as for other private bills. The Chairman of Committees may require the appointment by the Lord Chancellor of a guardian to represent the interests of any infant who should be protected.[406] In the case of personal bills affecting entailed estates and wills, private business SOs 162-165 and 168-172 govern the giving of notices, appointment of new trustees, consents and other matters.
Proceedings after first reading for personal bills
9.59 Between first and second reading, copies of the bill as introduced are delivered to all persons affected by the bill by the promoter. The second reading is normally moved by the Chairman of Committees who also fixes a date by which petitions against the bill must be presented.[407]
9.60 If the bill is unopposed, it is committed to an unopposed bill committee.[408] At this stage the persons concerned in the bill give their consent by attending and signing a copy of the bill. In certain cases, such as absence abroad, illness or old age, the Chairman of Committees may admit affidavits in proof of signatures in lieu of attendance.
9.61 If the bill is opposed, it is referred to a select committee of five members named by the Chairman of Committees and proceeded with in the same manner as any other opposed private bill.[409] The Chairman of Committees may propose that an unopposed bill be treated as opposed.
9.62 No committee may consider a personal bill until 10 days after the second reading.[410]
9.63 The proceedings on third reading and passing of a personal bill are the same as for an ordinary private bill, but Royal Assent is given in the form "Soit fait comme il est désiré."
Marriage enabling bills
9.64 Bills to enable persons to marry within the prohibited degrees of affinity are subject to a special procedure, intended to avoid discussion of personal details on the floor of the House.[411] The bill is granted a second reading without debate and is then committed to a select committee consisting of the Chairman of Committees, a bishop and two other members, which examines the promoters of the bill on oath in private before deciding whether the bill should proceed.
2: PROVISIONAL ORDER CONFIRMATION BILLS
9.65 Procedure by way of a provisional order confirmation bill is simpler than private bill procedure. It is available only where a statute so provides, and has now been largely superseded by procedure outside Parliament. No such bills have been introduced since 1980; and the provisional order confirmation bill procedure has fallen into disuse.
3: SCOTTISH PRIVATE LEGISLATION
9.66 Private legislation on matters affecting interests in Scotland, and not wholly within the legislative competence of the Scottish Parliament, is governed by the Private Legislation Procedure (Scotland) Act 1936.[412] A person seeking such legislation does not present a petition for a private bill to Parliament but submits a draft order to the Secretary of State for Scotland; and petitions him to issue a provisional order in the terms of the draft or with such modifications as may be necessary.[413] Legislation for purposes which would require a personal bill, as defined by private business SO 3(2), is exempted from this provision.
9.67 In this Part "s." refers to sections of the Private Legislation Procedure (Scotland) Act 1936; and "GO" refers to General Orders made under s.15(1).
Legislation not confined to Scotland
9.68 A person who seeks powers "to be operative in Scotland and elsewhere" may make representations to the Secretary of State that the powers should be conferred by a single enactment.[414] The Secretary of State, the Chairman of Committees and the Chairman of Ways and Means in the House of Commons consider such a representation. If they are of the opinion that the powers would be more properly obtained by a private bill than by the duplicated process of a provisional order for Scotland and a private bill for the areas affected beyond Scotland, they publish their decision and report it to Parliament. The promoter then proceeds by private bill.[415] A petition for such a bill may not be presented sooner than four weeks after the representation has been made to the Secretary of State.
Draft orders
9.69 Application for provisional orders may be made twice a year, on 27 March and 27 November. A printed copy of every draft order must be deposited in the appropriate offices of both Houses of Parliament.[416]
9.70 Promoters are required to comply with General Orders made under the 1936 Act, which correspond with the standing orders that have to be complied with prior to the introduction of a private bill. These require them to deposit copies of draft orders at certain public offices, and to give notice by public advertisement to owners and occupiers of land or houses affected. The Secretary of State refers all draft orders to the Examiners, who report to him and the two Chairmen whether these General Orders have been complied with. If they have not, the promoters may apply for dispensation to the two Chairmen, whose decision is final.[417]
9.71 The last date for advertisements is 11 April or 11 December, as the case may be, and for six weeks from the last date of advertisement persons may petition against any draft order to the Secretary of State, who notifies the two Chairmen.[418] When this period has expired, the two Chairmen examine all the draft orders and any petitions, and report to the Secretary of State, who lays each report before Parliament.[419]
Order refused
9.72 If the two Chairmen report that the provisions, or some of the provisions, of any draft order relate to matters outside Scotland to such an extent, or raise questions of public policy of such novelty and importance, that they ought to be dealt with by private bill and not by provisional order, the Secretary of State must, without further inquiry, refuse to issue a provisional order, to the extent objected to by the Chairmen.[420]
Substituted bill
9.73 The promoters of a draft order which the two Chairmen consider should not be issued by the Secretary of State for Scotland, may, if they wish, introduce a private bill known as a "substituted bill". They must, within 14 days after the Secretary of State has notified them of his refusal to make the provisional order, deposit a copy of the bill in every public office where a copy of the draft order was deposited, and they must notify their intention to the opponents of the draft order and prove to the Examiner that they have done so. They must satisfy the Examiner that the bill does not contain any provision which was not contained in the draft order, though it is not required to contain all the provisions which were in the order. Subject to these conditions, the notices which were given for the draft order are deemed to have been given for the substituted bill, and the petition to the Secretary of State for the provisional order is taken to be the petition for the bill. Petitions deposited against the draft order are received from the Scotland Office by the House in which the bill originates as petitions presented against the substituted bill. In the House of Lords no other petition may be received.[421]
Unopposed orders
9.74 If the two Chairmen raise no objection to the draft order and if there is no opposition outstanding, the Secretary of State issues the provisional order, with such modifications as may be necessary to meet recommendations made by the two Chairmen or any public department affected. He has power to send an unopposed order to an inquiry by Commissioners before issuing it if he thinks it necessary, but this is seldom done.[422]
Opposed orders
9.75 Opposed orders are referred to Commissioners, who hear parties in Scotland. There are four Commissioners, normally two members of each House, selected by the two Chairmen from parliamentary panels appointed by the Chairman of Committees in the House of Lords and the Committee of Selection in the House of Commons. One of the Commissioners is appointed as Chairman and, by custom, is chosen alternately from each House. There is an extra-parliamentary panel for emergencies, which consists of twenty persons "qualified by experience of affairs to act as Commissioners" under the Act. This panel is revised every five years.[423]
9.76 The proceedings of the Commissioners follow closely those of select committees on private bills. After inquiry the Commissioners report on the order to the Secretary of State. They either report that the order should not be made, in which case the order is rejected; or they approve it, with or without modification.[424]
9.77 The Secretary of State then issues the provisional order. He is entitled to make further amendments after the inquiry, and he is required at this stage to have regard to any recommendations made by the Chairmen or by departments. It is an essential feature of the procedure, however, that the fullest respect is paid to the views of the Commissioners. With the rarest exception, further amendments are limited to matters of drafting.
Confirmation bills
9.78 No provisional order issued by the Secretary of State for Scotland has any validity until it has been confirmed by public Act of Parliament. A bill to confirm any such order or orders is usually introduced by the Secretary of State in the House of Commons. A bill to confirm an order into which no inquiry has been held is deemed to have passed through all its stages up to and including Committee in each House.[425] In the House of Lords, after first reading, it is put down for consideration on report. The Lord in charge of the bill moves:
"That this bill be now considered on Report."
9.79 The third reading and passing of the bill are usually taken on the next convenient day. Proceedings on such a bill are usually formal. Such bills are not printed in the Lords unless amended on consideration on report.
9.80 A bill to confirm an order into which an inquiry has been held may be petitioned against within seven days of introduction in the House of origin.[426] If a petition is presented, a member may, with notice, move immediately after second reading to refer the bill to a joint committee, which broadly follows the procedure of a select committee on an opposed private bill.[427] Such a motion is rare. If such a motion is agreed to in the House of Commons and the bill is passed by that House, then in the House of Lords the bill proceeds straight from second reading to third reading.[428] If no such motion is agreed to, then, if the bill was introduced in the Lords, it proceeds from second reading to consideration on report; if the bill was introduced in the Commons, it proceeds in the Lords straight from first reading to consideration on report.
9.81 Because Scottish provisional order confirmation bills are not printed in the House of Lords, the ministerial statement of compatibility with the Convention rights under section 19 of the Human Rights Act 1998 is made by means of a written statement.
4: TRANSPORT AND WORKS ACT 1992
9.82 Under the Transport and Works Act 1992, projects such as railways, tramways, harbours and barrages no longer come before Parliament for approval by way of private bill, but are dealt with by ministerial orders, in most cases following local public inquiries. Such orders are not normally subject to parliamentary proceedings, but may be deposited in the libraries of both Houses for information. However, section 9 of the Act provides that schemes which are adjudged by the Secretary of State to be of national significance must be approved by each House on a motion moved by a minister before an order is made to give effect to the scheme. In practice such a motion precedes any local public inquiry.
9.83 Motions take the following form:
"The Lord X to move that, pursuant to section 9 of the Transport and Works Act 1992, this House approves the following proposals which in the opinion of the Secretary of State are of national significance, namely, ….".
358 Private Business SOs 94A, 204. Back
359 SO 63(2). Back
360 Private Business SO 95(2). Back
361 PBSO 2. In this chapter any reference to standing orders is, unless otherwise stated, a reference to the standing orders relating to private business and the abbreviation PBSO is used. Back
362 PBSO 38. Back
364 PBSOs 70, 3. Back
365 PBSOs 76-79. Back
366 PBSOs 72, 81. Back
368 PBSO 38(3). Back
369 PBSO 98A. Back
373 Procedure 2nd Rpt 1967-68; PBSO 94A. Back
374 PBSO 111. Back
378 These are often referred to as the "Wharncliffe Orders". Back
387 PBSOs 105, 106. Back
389 PBSOs 110, 127, 124. Back
394 PBSO 121, 122. Back
398 PBSOs 98, 74, 60-61, 65-68. Back
404 PBSO 3. Back
407 PBSOs 157-158. Back
411 Procedure 2nd Rpt 1985-86. Back
412 s. 1(1). Back
416 GO 2, s. 1(2). Back
417 s. 13, GO 4-56, 58-60, 65-67, 69-72, s. 3(2). Back
418 GO 75. Back
419 s. 2, PBSO 189. Back
421 PBSO 194, 195, 196, s. 2(4), PBSO 197. Back
422 s. 7, s. 3(1). Back
423 s. 5, PBSO 190, s. 4. Back
424 s. 6, 10-12, 14, 17, GO 73-115, s. 8. Back
426 s. 9. Back
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Brunatnienie – proces glebotwórczy polegający na biochemicznym wietrzeniu in situ materiału glebowego prowadzący do powstania pod poziomem próchnicznym w glebie brunatnego poziomu wzbogacenia.

Proces brunatnienia zachodzi zarówno w glebach powstałych z żyznych skał sypkich, takich jak gliny, lessy, pyły lessopodobne lub iły, jak i w kwaśnych zwietrzelinach piaskowców, łupków lub granitoidów. Skały te mogą zawierać węglan wapnia, mogą być z niego wyługowane lub mogą go nie posiadać od początku. Proces ten zachodzi przy współudziale lasów liściastych.

Brunatnienie polega na wietrzeniu biochemicznym (zawierającym wietrzenie zarówno pod wpływem czynników abiotycznych jak woda, jak i pod wpływem organizmów żywych, produktów ich działalności życiowej oraz próchnicy) in situ (bez przemieszczenia produktów wietrzenia) minerałów pierwotnych w materiale glebowym. Rozkład krzemianów i glinokrzemianów (np. skalenie, miki) powoduje uwalnianie się zawartego w nich żelaza i, w mniejszych ilościach, glinu w postaci tlenków i wodorotlenków, a także tworzenie się wtórnych minerałów ilastych. Produkty te tworzą kompleksowe, trwałe połączenia z kwasami próchnicznymi i pod postacią cienkich otoczek osadzają się na ziarnach mineralnych nadając im charakterystyczne brunatne zabarwienie.

Efektem działania procesu brunatnienia jest tworzenie się poziomów brunatnienia cambic charakterystycznych dla gleb brunatnoziemnych.

Zobacz też
 proces glebotwórczy
 gleby brunatnoziemne
 gleby brunatne
 systematyka gleb

Bibliografia

Gleboznawstwo

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Illuminate and Enumerate
Thoughts and observations on things that interest me
Why Functional Programming Matters - Part I of ?
The title of this blog entry, "Why Functional Programming Matters" is the title of a paper that can be found online here. I was inspired to write about functional programming due to an article in the recent issue of Dr. Dobb's Journal. The title of the article is, "It's Time to Get Good at Functional Programming". Seeing the title of the article on the cover of my current issue made me smile.
My interest in functional programming began around 2001 when I was working as a J2EE developer (my title was engineer, but I'm not an engineer) and developing a somewhat complicated Palm based web-app. The complication stemmed from a screen that a user could reach through more than five different use cases (logic flows), and depending upon the outcome of their action there was something like seven exit flows.
My initial attempts at the logic for the application had a lot of if-then-else logic and was pretty ugly. I knew there had to be a better solution. I had used a finite-state-machine model when working in the C language a few years before and went down that path for a while. However, at the time, Java did not support function objects and the implementation seemed a little stilted. Upon further investigation I came upon the notion of a rules-based system used in Artificial Intelligence programming.
I implemented my rules-based system along the lines of Fusebox. That model has since been called a Front Controller pattern. My code was pretty straightforward and used the notion of a rule-set made up of rules, which were evaluated in order. Each rule evaluated to a binary decision and could set a flag to continue processing the rules or to exit based upon success or failure. An example ruleset is shown below:
// ---- Email Payment Rule Sets ----
if( page.equals("S"))
ruleSet.add(new Rule( new AlwaysTrue(),
new ClearPageData() ));
ruleSet.add( new Rule( new AlwaysTrue(),
new ClearHelpText() ));
ruleSet.add( new Rule( new UserPressedCancel(),
new Navigation("B") ));
new StorePageData("S") ));
ruleSet.add( new Rule( new UserChoseNickName(),
new Navigation("T") ));
ruleSet.add( new Rule( new InvalidEmailAddress(),
new Navigation("ZE")) );
ruleSet.add( new Rule( new InvalidLastName(),
new GetEmailStatus() ));
ruleSet.add( new Rule( new LastActionFail(),
new Navigation("ZE") ));
ruleSet.add( new Rule( new LastNameEmailMissMatch(),
new Navigation("S1") ));
ruleSet.add( new Rule( new OnNickNameList(),
Each rule consists of a 'condition' and an 'action', which were both a Java Interface and implemented for each condition and action. If a condition evaluated to true, then the action fired. Simple as that. While the paradigm is pretty simple and straightforward, there are numerous opportunities to improve the code. For example, each action in each rule above has a boolean function named, "shouldContinue" that accepts no parameters and is hard-coded. Looking at the above rule-set, it is not explicit when firing an action results in the exiting the rule-set.
Another obvious improvement would be to move the rule-sets to an external representation such as XML. That way a rule-set could be updated without re-compiling the app; perhaps without even restarting the app! While investigating using XML as an expression of the rule-sets, the XML I was generating began to look a lot like the (then) XML for configuring Struts. This similarity coupled with external pressures forced me to drop the notion of an external representation. NOTE: A few years later I had the opportunity to discuss this with a researcher from the (now former) Bell Labs in Murray Hill and his opinion was that external representations (also thought of as a mini-language) are not all that useful because invariably the program has to be recompiled to add new functionality to the external representation. Interesting viewpoint and probably true.
I used the model above in a later web-app implemented in PHP. This model has worked pretty well for me as a 'Front Controller'. This sequence of events is what led me to start looking into general AI programming for deeper answers on complicated programming logic... and AI led me to the notion of 'search' as a programming paradigm.
TWC (4)
openbsd (1)

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conhost.exe is a application which is probably NOT a virus. So, if conhost.exe is on your PC, it is probably ok, and will NOT be a cause for concern. Even if your PC is virus-free, we still advise you to purchase a well-known antivirus with a good track record, in order to yourself yourself against viruses and malware.
The MD5 checksum for this program is 3ca1ee5be6c9d92dd672fc5a09e17ae2.


As a Manufacture of Public Chairs, KOTOBUKI Has Developed a Wide Range of Knowledge and Contributed to a Variety of Activities.
For the long-term easy and safe use of KOTOBUKI's products, Universal Design has been adopted at all stages from planning, design, manufacturing and maintenance through renewal. We also offer meticulous solutions for barrier-free space. Moreover, we will continues to collaborate with research institutes and universities.
KOTOBUKI's ECO & Long life.
Our newly commercialized research results include temperature-controlled chairs, which enhance the thermal efficiency of air conditioning. We have also formulated an environment-friendly renewal concept. Rather than disassembling old chairs, we improve them by reusing materials through our next-generation renewal system.
KOTOBUKI Creates Custom-designed Seats by Working Together with Architects.
A concert hall's seating is closely associated with building design and the hall's interior and acoustics. This is why KOTOBUKI repeatedly meets with architects and designers from the earliest planning stages to study the best possible seating for the hall. KOTOBUKI has worked closely with many of the world's top architects. As the world's market leader, KOTOBUKI produces seating that excels in quality, cost, safety, and service.
KOTOBUKI's pioneering spirit is based on a complete confidence in our fundamental technologies, which have been accumulated in manufacturing processes, and in professional research and planning abilities. KOTOBUKI will continue to enhance the excellence of design and engineering functions, and to provide thorough quality control to maximise customer satisfaction.
People's Favourite Cities Have Spaces at which Persons Share Experiences.
Each country or region has its own unique culture, art and information. Typically, the most popular spaces in each area are those where culture and information are disseminated and people choose to gather. Such spaces can be improved to become more exciting and comfortable. Theatres and halls, as symbols of a city or street, encourage and comfort people. On streets throughout the world, KOTOBUKI's products help excite people.
Multi-purpose and Transformed Hall System Is Making an Impression at Facilities Worldwide.
KOTOBUKI's unique Roll Back Chair Stand (RCS) system converts a single use of limited space to multiple functions. KOTOBUKI's trailblazing seating technology, the Multi-purpose and Transformed Hall System, is known to public organizations throughout the world as a highly efficient space utilization method. This innovative method for the efficient use of space is a technology to be passed on to the next generation. KOTOBUKI continues to reinforce and evolve its technologies and expertise.
KOTOBUKI Creates a Learning Environment for Young People.
Our products feature a good balance between technological strength and good design. Our world-renowned advanced technologies meet the demanding safety standards for educational and training facilities. The attractive product design will not fade away over time. Our highly functional products are sturdy and relaxing. KOTOBUKI addresses educational facilities' needs first by listening to feedback from schools and other educational institutions, which leads to research. At elementary, junior and senior high schools, universities and research institutes, KOTOBUKI's products have been chosen and our research results are gaining trust.
KOTOBUKI, Globally Renowned Chair Maker, Contributes to Sports Events Worldwide.
At sports events, people sit side by side and share the thrills and excitement, which is common worldwide. At such events, KOTOBUKI's chairs have been kicked and struck as people displayed passion and enthusiasm over the drama developing before them. Indeed, our chairs have been thoroughly tested. As a manufacturer of tough chairs, KOTOBUKI is highly trusted at sports venues. We will continue to be committed to manufacturing tough and ergonomic chairs.
Making Chairs for Conference Rooms to Optimize Attendees' Comfort.
KOTOBUKI's desks and chairs have long been a part of conference venues, and these products have served as a core element of these dignified and functional facilities. In recent years, we have seen increasing demand for multipurpose products and we are addressing the high expectations for such efficiency. For example, the Company has developed mobile conference desks and chairs with higher functionality for multipurpose conference venues. The versatility and high efficiency of our products are highly acclaimed.
Our "Sleep Capsule" Drawing Attention Worldwide Further Evolution in Style.
The "Sleep Capsule," a capsule bed with enhanced calming functions, can be used as a relaxation room. Since the initial delivery of our Sleep Capsules to the world's first capsule hotel, which emerged in Osaka in 1979, we have delivered 60,000 beds in Japan and overseas to date. Due to the recent growing attention to the efficiency and comfort of our Sleep Capsule, applications of the product are becoming diverse and the product is evolving in various aspects. The Sleep Capsule has been utilized not only at lodging facilities but also as a place to take a nap or rest for full-time workers or those on night duty in various industries. A large variety of Sleep Capsules are available to accommodate diverse purposes.


text:
Q: Django: Can I have two labels for a field? I have a django form and I need to display unit of measurement.
For example, for a form field I have label and value. I also need to have another 'label' for unit measurement.
E.g. Weight [Textbox] Kg
How can I add Kg in a form in forms.py? I'm using crispy forms module to render my forms.
This is an example from forms.py .
class WeightForm(forms.ModelForm):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super(LifeEventsForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.helper=FormHelper(self)
        self.helper.layout = Layout(
             'weight',

             FormActions(
                Submit('submit', "Save changes"),
                Submit('cancel',"Cancel")
            ),
        )
        self.helper.form_tag = False
        self.helper.form_show_labels = True

class Meta:
    model = myWeight

My models.py looks like:
class myWeight(models.Model):
    id = models.IntegerField()
    weight = models.IntegerField(null=True,blank=True)

    def __str__(self):
        return str(self.id)

A: Maybe not best idea, but pretty straightforward:
You can override from crispy_forms.layout import Field with custom template
class DoubleLabeledField(Field):
    template = "your_custom_field.html"

copypaste to your_custom_field.html everything from .../site-packages/crispy_forms/templates/bootstrap3/field.html (replace bootstrap3 if another template package)  and put some info near every entrance of {{ field.label|safe }}
Then in your form should be:
self.helper.layout = Layout(
             DoubleLabeledField('weight'),

             FormActions(
                Submit('submit', "Save changes"),
                Submit('cancel',"Cancel")
            ),
        )

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Retailer of Chana Dal, Black Chana & Gram Flour offered by Shri Niwas Dal & Besan Mill from New Delhi, Delhi, India ... Shri Niwas Dal & Besan Mill - Retailer of chana dal, black chana & gram flour in New Delhi, Delhi.
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text:
Afro-Arab boss wins '40 under 40′ Banking and Finance award
On October 11, 2019 By raskorsa
The Chief executive Officer (CEO) of the Afro-Arab Group, Alhaji Salamu Amadu won the award for the Banking and Finance category of the 2019 40 Under 40 Awards.
He owns the Afro-Arab Microfinance Company Limited, a Tier-2 microfinance company licensed by Bank of Ghana to operate the business of microfinance.
The company began full operations in 2013 and currently has two branches located at Kokomlemle and Maamobi in the Greater Accra region.
The Afro-Arab Microfinance Company Limited as part of its expansion drive and in line with its strategic direction has planned to expand its branch network to other regions.
40 under 40 awards
The 40 under 40 awards celebrates under 40 emerging leaders, entrepreneurs, executives and professionals in the public, private and non-profit sectors.
Speaking at the awards ceremony, the Events Director of Xodus Communication, organisers of the awards, Mr Richard Abbey Jnr, said the awards' aim was to put the spotlight on young achievers.
This year's event awarded 44 individuals from various sectors of the economy.
The Chief Executive Officer of I-zar Group, Ms Rashida Saani Nasamu, won the ultimate prize which was the First Among Equals award. She also won the best business in the communications category award.
The Chief Executive Officer of Meannan Foods, Ms Charity Annan Adupong won the Agriculture and Agro Processing category.
The Country Manager of U-ton Engineering, Mr Abdulai Issah Afugu won the Telecoms and Mobile Software Development category, while the Chief Executive Officer of Caveman Watches, Mr Anthony Dzamefe won the Technology and Innovation category.
The Board Chairman of the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Dr Bernard Okoe Boye, won the Governance and Government Agency category.
Other winners include the Co-founder of the Ridge City Footbal club Ms Cleopatra Nsiah Nketiah who won the Sports category and the Chief Executive Officer of Imexco who won the Beverage category.
The rest are the Managing Director of the Despite Group of Companies, Mr Kennedy Asante Osei, Leadership in Family Business; the CEO of Goldmax Security, Mr Maxwell Osei Owusu, Safety and Security; the CEO of Xavier Media Group, Community Development; the Managing Director of Capstone Oil Limited, Mr Selase Tamakloe, Oil and Gas and the CEO of the We Natural Ghana, Ms Dorinda Mawuena Matey, Manufacturing.
Business'40 under 40' Banking and Finance awardAfro-Arab bossAlhaji Salamu AmaduWins
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text:
Food Safety News and Research
High intake of aluminum compounds can cause potential health risks
In addition, the contributions of the various sources of total aluminum intake by the population were compared with one another. A high intake of aluminum compounds can cause, among other things, neurotoxic developmental disorders as well as damage the kidneys, liver and bones.
New extract can prevent nephrotoxicity caused by mycotoxin OTA
Today a team of researchers from the Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production of the Federico II University of Naples, in collaboration with the Sbarro Health Research Organization (SHRO), at Temple University in Philadelphia, and the Department of Biotechnology at the University of Siena, Itay, has discovered the effectiveness of a new extract, of natural origin.
Researchers question WHO's blanket classification of processed meat as carcinogenic
Researchers from Queen's University Belfast have questioned the World Health Organisation's blanket classification of processed meat as carcinogenic after finding significant evidence gaps between processed meat treated with nitrites and nitrite-free processed meat.
New method identifies harmful bacteria in less time and at a very low cost
A new bacterial identification method, called ON-rep-seq, examines selective, strain-specific fragments of the bacterial genome, allowing the generation of results that earlier required DNA sequencing of the entire bacterial genome or tedious approaches like pulsed field gel electrophoresis, which previously has been the golden the standard for strain-level typing of microorganisms.
Salmonella causes nearly one in three foodborne outbreaks in the EU
Nearly one in three foodborne outbreaks in the EU in 2018 were caused by Salmonella. This is one of the main findings of the annual report on trends and sources of zoonoses published today by the European Food Safety Authority and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control.
Ziath launches starter kit for tracking samples to improve food safety
Ziath has launched a competitively priced starter kit for organizations involved in food research, production and testing to keep track of samples to help improve food safety.
From Ziath Ltd 11 Dec 2019
Scientists will present more than 40 abstracts highlighting research driven in part by Bio-Rad Laboratories' Droplet Digital PCR (ddPCR) technology at the 2019 American Society of Hematology (ASH) meeting in Orlando Florida, December 7-10.
New article explores the emerging roles in environmental health
Hundreds of environmental health professionals across the nation report challenges and research needs in six areas -; drinking water quality, wastewater management, healthy homes, food safety, public health pests and emerging issues such as disaster risk reduction and new facility types for body art and cannabis-infused products -; in research from Baylor University and partners.
Tracking samples to improve food safety
From Ziath Ltd 3 Dec 2019
Many women in Europe are diagnosed at late stage of HIV infection
Many women in the WHO European Region, particularly those in their 40s, are diagnosed at a late stage of HIV infection when their immune system is already starting to fail. They are three to four times more likely to be diagnosed late than younger women.
Simple precautions to avoid food poisoning during the holiday season
Preparing a holiday feast can begin as soon as you get home from the grocery store. But if you want to serve family and friends a delicious meal that keeps them coming back for more, food safety guidelines need to be part of the recipe.
U of T, ASU scientists develop first direct gene circuit
Scientists at the University of Toronto and Arizona State University have developed the first direct gene circuit to electrode interface by combining cell-free synthetic biology with state-of-the-art nanostructured electrodes.
Researchers detect photoinitiators in human breast milk
Photoinitators (PIs) are compounds used in the ink of many types of food packaging. The substances have been shown to migrate into food and, when consumed, show up in human blood serum.
New book series on current and future developments in food science
Advances in the Determination of Xenobiotics in Foods is the first volume of the new book series, Current and Future Developments in Food Science.
Keep hot food away from polyamide kitchen utensils
Polyamides are plastic polymers, built up from monomers or identical building blocks assembled in a repeating pattern. During this process, some shorter chains, or oligomers, are produced inadvertently. These remain in the plastic material.
BfR symposium: Current trends and causes of foodborne disease outbreaks
To make food even safer for humans, experts from scientific institutions, food regulatory authorities and the business community will discuss current developments and strategies at the "Zoonoses and Food Safety" Symposium at the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment) on 4 and 5 November 2019, in Berlin-Marienfelde. Because some micro-organisms in food can cause health problems.
Agri-Neo introduces first-ever technology to eliminate harmful pathogens in flour
Agri-Neo is introducing Neo-Temper, the first-ever organic, non-thermal food safety technology that eliminates harmful pathogens in flour.
New technology developed to more quickly detect and trace foodborne disease
University of Massachusetts Amherst food scientist Matthew Moore has received two grants from the USDA to apply new technology in an effort to more quickly detect and trace foodborne disease caused by noroviruses and bacteria.
Raw pet food a risk for humans and animals
The team wrote, "Feeding pets raw meat-based diets (RMBDs) has become increasingly popular but may constitute a risk due to the contamination with pathogenic and antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria."
Advances in translational genetics unlocked by Bio-Rad technologies to be presented at ASHG 2019
Scientists will present 24 abstracts and three talks, highlighting research driven in part by Bio-Rad Laboratories' Droplet Digital PCR and single-cell ATAC-Seq (scATAC-Seq) technologies, at the 2019 American Society of Human Genetics Annual Meeting in Houston, October 15-19.


text:
Norman L. Passmore Sr. (April 1, 1915 – March 16, 2003)  was the seventh head football at the Kentucky State University in Frankfort, Kentucky and he held that position for the 1944 season.  His career coaching record at Kentucky State 1–1.

Kentucky State did not field a team in 1943 and only had two games on the schedule in 1944. He also coached the Lexington Dunbar Bearcats from 1951 to around 1967. Passmore was an educator, serving as principal of a school in Kentucky. He also was a veteran of World War II as well as a pastor.

He died in 2003 of a heart attack.

References

External links

1915 births
2003 deaths
Kentucky State Thorobreds football coaches
Sportspeople from Columbus, Georgia


text:
Jan Prochyra (ur. 2 grudnia 1948 w Krakowie, zm. 20 maja 2015 w Warszawie) – polski aktor teatralny, filmowy oraz reżyser sztuk teatralnych.

Życiorys
Ukończył studia na PWST w Krakowie w 1974 roku. Dzieciom znany szczególnie jako Kłapouchy, Baloo czy Obelix. Grał w Teatrze Ateneum i Teatrze Kwadrat. Laureat wyróżnienia II Festiwalu Polskich Filmów i Widowisk Telewizyjnych w Olsztynie za rolę tytułową w widowisku "Obłomow" w roku 1974. Był dyrektorem artystycznym Teatru Rampa w Warszawie.

Zmarł 20 maja 2015 roku. Został pochowany na cmentarzu Powązkowskim w Warszawie (kwatera 87-4-22).

Filmografia

Aktor
 1971: Milion za Laurę jako syn górala kupującego kradzione drewno
 1971: Uciec jak najbliżej
 1976: Dagny jako Gabryjelski, wielbiciel Przybyszewskiego
 1976: Próba ciśnienia
 1977: Wakacje
 1978: Zmory jako Raciaty
 1978: Gra o wszystko
 1980: Mniejsze niebo jako Karol, znajomy Filipa
 1980: Nasze podwórko jako lekarz
 1981: Wielka majówka jako handlowiec
 1981: Przypadki Piotra S.
 1983: Lata dwudzieste... lata trzydzieste... jako cyrkowiec w domu Krzyżtoporskiego
 1983: Na straży swej stać będę jako "Gruby"
 1983: Stan wewnętrzny jako pracownik biura projektów
 1983: Złe dobrego początki jako Potrawa, przewodniczący rady narodowej
 1984: Fetysz jako Rudy
 1984: Trzy młyny jako Łowiecki
 1984: Kobieta w kapeluszu jako Zdzisio, syn starej kobiety
 1984: Rozalka Olaboga jako nauczyciel
 1985: Lubię nietoperze jako Grześ Peruka
 1985: Problemat profesora Czelawy jako sutener Romaszko
 1986: Nad Niemnem jako Bolesław Kirło
 1986: Magma
 1986: Kurs na lewo jako urzędnik
 1989: Stan strachu jako major SB przesłuchujący Małeckiego
 1990: Korczak jako Gancwajch
 1991: Cynga jako zwolennik komunizmu, współwięzień Andrzeja we Lwowie
 1992: Lekarz miłości jako Edward Jabłonowicz
 1993-1994: Bank nie z tej ziemi jako dyrektor zakładów zbrojeniowych w Rylcu
 1993: Przypadek Pekosińskiego
 1993: Tylko strach jako głodujący "przeciwko wszystkim", bohater reportażu Katarzyny
 1994: Panna z mokrą głową jako złodziej w dworku Borowskich
 1995: Opowieść o Józefie Szwejku i jego drodze na front jako pan Wendler
 1995: Anioł śmierci (Blood of the Innocent) jako Zelepukhin
 1995: Pułkownik Kwiatkowski jako pułkownik Kawałek, oficer w hotelu "Polonia"
 1995: Cwał jako UBek przesłuchujący matkę Huberta
 1995: Prowokator jako lekarz więzienny
 1997: Prostytutki jako mężczyzna przy barze w "Gejszy"
 1998: Niemcy (Germans) jako Schultz
 1999: Przygody dobrego wojaka Szwejka jako pan Wendler
 1999-2005: Lokatorzy jako Jakub Górecki (odc. 41, 102, 106, 112, 130 i 145)
 2000: Bajland jako lekarz pogotowia
 2000: Sukces jako Magalik
 2000: Duża przerwa jako senator Jan Apoloniusz Ćwiartek
 2001: Córa marnotrawna jako "Kluskowy"
 2003: Stara baśń. Kiedy słońce było bogiem jako Mirsz, ojciec Mili
 2004: Stara baśń jako Mirsz, ojciec Mili
 2005: Co słonko widziało jako dziadek
 2005: Co słonko widziało jako dziadek (odc. 1-3)
 2010: Fenomen jako dziennikarz
 2014: Obywatel jako kierownik Towarzystwa Krzewienia Kultury Żydowskiej

Aktor (udział gościnny)
 1976: Zezem jako gość na imieninach Górnego
 1977-1978: Układ krążenia jako doktor Kaczyński, kierownik przychodni (odc. 7)
 1978: Gra o wszystko
 Maciejak
 Asystent działacza partyjnego
 Mężczyzna na porodówce
 1980-2000: Dom – mężczyzna na porodówce (odc. 10), asystent działacza partyjnego (odc. 12), Maciejak, administrator domu (odc. 13)
 1980: Punkt widzenia jako dyrektor oddziału ZUS (odc. 1 i 2)
 1982: Życie Kamila Kuranta jako wuj Leon (odc. 1, 3 i 6)
 1984: 07 zgłoś się jako Dudziak, szwagier Szczerbica (odc. 15)
 1993: Wow jako Hart (odc. 2 i 13)
 1993: Żywot człowieka rozbrojonego jako mężczyzna na ulicy (odc. 1 i 3)
 1995: Sukces jako Kanicki, współwłaściciel Fabryki Naczyń Emaliowanych w Spychowie (odc. 8 i 9)
 1996: Tajemnica Sagali jako kucharz (odc. 11)
 1997: Boża podszewka jako znachor Bartłuk (odc. 1)
 1999: Palce lizać jako Jurgens
 2000-2001: Przeprowadzki jako kucharz (odc. 5)
 2000-2001: Adam i Ewa jako bezdomny
 2004: Sąsiedzi jako Jakub Górecki (odc. 53), gwiazdor-aktor Cyprian Korzeniowski (odc. 111)
 2004-2005: Kryminalni jako "Fidel" (odc. 26, 64 i 65)

Polski dubbing
 1966: Kubuś Puchatek i miododajne drzewo jako Kłapouchy
 1967: Asterix Gall jako Obelix
 1968: Asterix i Kleopatra jako Obelix
 1968: Wiatrodzień Kubusia Puchatka jako Kłapouch
 1953: Piotruś Pan jako Fajtek
 1973: Robin Hood jako mały John
 1977: Przygody Kubusia Puchatka jako Kłapouchy
 1985: Asterix kontra Cezar jako Obelix
 1986: Asterix w Brytanii jako Obelix
 1987-1990: Kacze opowieści (stara wersja dubbingowana) jako król Wichracz w drodze do Itakwaki (22)
 1988: Oliver i spółka jako Francis
 1989: Wielka bitwa Asteriksa jako Obelix
 1989-1992: Brygada RR jako wódz plemienia, do którego należała Lawinia (sobowtór Gadżet)
 1990-1994: Szczenięce lata Toma i Jerry'ego jako Clyde
 1990-1994: Super Baloo jako Baloo
 1991: Hook jako Smee
 1991: Powrót króla rock and rolla jako Pinky
 1992-1993: Goofy i inni jako Pete
 1993: Do widzenia wczoraj. Dwie krótkie komedie o zmianie systemu jako Dubbing Władysława
 1996: Miki Mol i Straszne Płaszczydło jako Świetlik
 1996: Morderstwo na polu golfowym jako inspektor Giraud
 1998: Rudolf czerwononosy renifer jako Święty Mikołaj
 1999: Laboratorium Dextera: Wyprawa w przyszłość
 1999: Asterix i Obelix kontra Cezar jako Asparanoix
 2000: Tygrys i przyjaciele jako Kłapouchy
 2001: Kubusiowe opowieści jako Kłapouchy
 2003: Maleństwo i przyjaciele jako Kłapouchy
 2003: Księga dżungli 2 jako Baloo
 2003: Prosiaczek i przyjaciele jako Kłapouchy
 2004: W 80 dni dookoła świata jako lord Salisbury
 2005: Kubuś i Hefalumpy jako Kłapouchy
 2006: Kacper: Szkoła postrachu jako Fatso
 2007: Moi przyjaciele – Tygrys i Kubuś jako Kłapouchy
 2011: Kubuś i przyjaciele jako Kłapouchy
 2013: Hobbit: Pustkowie Smauga jako władca Miasta nad Jeziorem
 2014: Hobbit: Bitwa Pięciu Armii jako władca Miasta nad Jeziorem
 2015: Paddington jako wujek Pastuzo

Przypisy

Linki zewnętrzne

Absolwenci Akademii Sztuk Teatralnych im. Stanisława Wyspiańskiego w Krakowie
Polscy aktorzy dubbingowi
Polscy aktorzy filmowi
Polscy aktorzy teatralni
Polscy reżyserzy teatralni
Pochowani na cmentarzu Powązkowskim w Warszawie
Urodzeni w 1948
Zmarli w 2015
Ludzie urodzeni w Krakowie


Laws in every state forbid a motorist to leave the scene of an accident. Yet despite this, many drivers attempt to flee when they have caused an accident. This most often occurs in parking lots where a driver hits a parked vehicle and leaves without notifying the owner of that vehicle. However, sometimes a motorist will leave the scene of an accident involving major property damage or serious injury without calling for help or rendering aid to the injured persons. This is a serious felony offense—and one that could have life-threatening consequences for the injured accident victims.
Time is critical when someone has been injured. When a drivers flees the scene without rendering aid or calling for help, he or she is denying the injury victim of the opportunity to receive life-saving treatment from first responders. This delay in medical attention could severely worsen any condition and lead to death.
A motorist operating a vehicle under these circumstance may panic after hitting another car and flee the scene to avoid repercussions. However, no reason justifies leaving the scene, and drivers may actually face stiffer penalties than if they had stayed.
Hit and run drivers could face criminal and civil charges. If convicted, hit and run drivers could face stiff fines and jail or prison time. Regardless of the outcome of the criminal trial, hit and run injury victims, or their families, may file for civil damages. A successful civil case could result in monetary awards for medical expenses, loss of earnings, property damage, and non-economic losses.
Punitive damages, in excess of a victim's economic losses, may also be awarded to punish offenders for their grievous wrong-doing and to try to deter others from committing the same offense. Punitive damages are often awarded, in particular, when a victim's injuries are worsened, or became fatal, because of the delay in medical attention.
If you or a loved one is the victim of a hit and run accident in Longmont or anywhere in the State of Colorado, please contact the law firm of Fuicelli & Lee immediately to schedule a no-obligation consultation. One of our experienced hit and run attorneys will be able to determine the best course of action to pursue in your situation, and achieve justice for you and your family.
For a free initial consultation with Longmont personal injury attorney Jess Cash and Fuicelli & Lee, P.C., send us an e-mail or call (720) 494-0444. You pay nothing unless you receive a financial settlement or award. It is simply the mission of every Longmont auto accident attorney on the Fuicelli & Lee, P.C. team to provide the best service possible.


2018 Bio-Blitz a great success.
The 2018 Walbran Bio-Blitz was another great success as we enjoyed the sunny weather and the vociferous spring bird song. Thanks to Pacheedat elder Bill Jones for welcoming us onto his territory, David, Ben, Juliet, Adolf, Uluna and James for sharing their deep knowledge and to Erika from Wildfire bakery for providing the delicious lunch.
Highlights were the calls and sightings of Marbled Murrelets very early on the Sunday morning, the Merlin, a falcon that was in the Castle Grove and the many types of colorful slime mold, (see picture above) that were found.
To view the full list of flora and fauna go to the Archive section of this site. See you all again next year or at another FoCW event in the Walbran, check calendar below.
Join FoCW and the Sierra Club for the 4th annual Science in the Valley Bio-Blitz (flora and fauna count) in the Central Walbran Valley (Kaxi:ks) on unceded Pacheedaht traditional territory on the weekend of May 12-13th.
Spring is the time when the temperate rainforests really blooms into activity. This years event has expanded to included two days so that we have an earlier start on the Sunday morning when many birds and animals are most active. One of the bird species we are hoping to see and hear are the Marbled Murrelets as they navigate to the ocean from their nests high up in the forest canopy.
Attending experts in; Bird song identification, Goshawks, plant biology, forestry, soil ecology, Owls, Entomology.
Light lunch, soup and bread supplied by Victorias Wild Fire Bakery.
1pm; Welcome from elder Bill Jones of the Pacheedaht FN, introductions from groups and experts.
Easy/medium difficulty hike 'Tolkein Giant' trail, 1 hour.
Medium + difficulty hike, Castle Grove/Giant trail, 2 hours.
Hard difficulty hike, Harriet Nahanee memorial Trail, 3 hours.
After dinner evening 'Owl and Bat Hike'!
6am; Bird identification hike starting on Walbran bridge.
Rain and shine the volunteers from FoCW and the Wilderness Committee have worked hard again this past year repairing and upgrading the trails and boardwalks within the threatened Central Walbran valley. This important work helps protect the delicate root systems and soils of the rain forest, mitigating the impacts of the growing numbers of visitors who come and experience this amazing place.
To ease the wear and tear on tent spots within the forest and to accommodate visitor numbers, volunteers have also worked to create camping spots along the edges of the logging road.
FoCW and W.C with all donated labor and funds will again in 2018 be working to improve access to this area and to continue to lobby for its protection. The 2018 calendar of work groups and events to be posted soon.
So many to thank, but a special shout out to Will, Olvier, Alex, Mai, Ron, Michael, Tom, Deric, Bill Jones, Jon, Emily and Torrance and all the hard working WC volunteers.
Rave for the Rainforest and Equinox Party.
Join us and dance through the night, from dusk to dawn, on the Autumn equinox at the Sunset Room to celebrate and raise awareness and funds to help save some of the last and most magnificent temperate rainforests in the world in the heart of the Walbran Valley ( unceded Pacheedaht territory), south Vancouver Island.
Victoria-born and Bali-based DJ Alex Joy ( Joy Collective and Rainforest Pavillion, a fusion of electronic dance music and ecological conservation culture) and an exciting line up of home town heroes including Mr Moe, J-Feud and Jon Galssey and DJS Daniel Pierce and Tada Hozuma, will serve up the music to keep you dancing all night long.
This event is happening on the territory of the Lekwungen peoples of the Songhees and Esquimault nations and is supporting the work of the Friends of Carmanah Walbran, a local Victoria, 100% volunteer-based collective working to protect and providing public access to the threatened heart of the Walbran valley, a rare world-class ecological heritage of ancient temperate rainforest, 3.5 hours drive from downtown Victoria.
Tickets $15 – $20 donation at the door.
The space is wheelchair accessible and can be entered via the gates at the end of Herald Street below Value Village.
Brought to you by Deepend Promotions, Rainforest Pavillion & House Music Victoria in collbaoration with the Friends of Carmanah Walbran.
The 4th annual Walbran Convergence was a great weekend for the 100+ people who came out to help protect this special place. Thanks to Bill Jones and Shawna Green for their continuing support, Port Renfrew's Soule Creek Lodge for putting together the dinner, the Sierra Club volunteers for making the Sunday Breakfast happen, the drivers from Community Action Bus and the Forest First Express Society Bus and all the volunteers from W.C and FoCW. With these events we amply demonstrate that we are not going away anytime soon!
See you next year. Or register for the September 22nd-24th trail and boardwalk work group with FoCW and W.C!
Friends of Carmanah/Walbran and Wilderness Committee are thrilled to announce this year's 4th Annual Walbran Valley Convergence!
On July 29-30, more than hundred people will gather in the Central Walbran Valley (Kaxi:ks) in the unceded territory of the Pacheedaht Nation.
Scroll down for event itinerary!
This annual event is a recognition and a celebration of the first wave of activism in the Walbran Valley – 26 years ago this summer! – that saw part of the Valley protected from destruction.
It's also an opportunity for people to come together in one of Canada's most spectacular ancient rainforests and discuss how to better manage these incredible ecosystems and build a truly sustainable forest industry..
This years' theme is building unity, and the formal programming will highlight a diversity of voices, including Indigenous leaders, forest sector union leaders, elected officials and biologists.
At 5pm there will be a Salmon Dinner. Tickets available through picatic or are available at Wild Fire Bakery or RSVP through email and pay on the day. See menu below.
9am; A Pick your own Berry Pancake breakfast hosted by the Sierra Club; By donation.
10:30; Workshops; Bird song identification: Building diversity: Forestry Reform and more.
This weekend is always an inspiring and powerful event and is sure to be one of the highlights of your summer.
We're working to make the event as accessible as possible, and are organizing return daytrip transportation on the Community Action Bus on Saturday.
Round trip bus tickets are being offered at a subsidized rate of $30 per person or each or at the full cost of $50.
The bus will be leaving Saturday morning from the Vic High parking lot (on Gladstone & Chambers) at 7:30am with a pick up in Duncan at 8:45am and coming back the same day, leaving the Walbran at 7pm (after dinner). We should arrive back in Victoria by 11pm.
The Forest First Bus (12 seater bus) will be leaving Victoria to the Walbran Vie Sooke and Port Renfrew, Saturday, 7.30am. Please email us for more info.
Please use this page to organize carpooling and other ride shares!
**BUS TICKETS: Available online through Picatic ($5 fee included, $30and $50) or at Wild Fire Bakery (1517 Quadra Street at Mason, $25 and up).
**TICKETS: Available online through Picatic ($5 fee included, $20and $40) or at Wild Fire Bakery (1517 Quadra Street at Mason, $15 and up).
We need a lot of volunteers for set-up, take down, food prep, hosting elders, parking, etc. Please email friendsofcarmanahwalbran@gmail.com if you`re interested in volunteering!
If you would like to support Friends of Carmanah/Walbran's campaign to Save the Walbran Valley please feel free to make a donation through Picatic, at Wildfire Bakery, by email transfer to friendsofcarmanahwalbran@gmail.com or bring cash to the event, there will be a donation jar! We really appreciate your support!
We would like to acknowledge that this event will be taking place on the traditional unceded territory of the Pacheedaht First Nation.
Sponsored by: Friends of Carmanah Walbran, Wilderness Committee, Forest First Express Society, Sierra Club, Island Forest Futures ( IFF).