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RESERVE � The Vandebilt Catholic Lady Terriers opened the Riverside Softball Tournament with wins over Riverside (3-1) and Archbishop Chapelle (3-0) on Friday.
Lauren Martinez picked up the win in the first game, holding Riverside to one hit and struck out 14 in five innings. Saadie LeMaire pitched the final two innings for the save.
Martinez led Vandebilt (21-4-1 overall) at the plate with a pair of doubles. Alaina Guidry finished with two singles.
Against Chapelle, Lauren Crane got the win in the circle with a two-hit shutout. She also struck out four. Maddie Constant led the Lady Terriers with an RBI double.
Vandebilt will face Hahnville at noon today and a Mississippi-based team at 4 p.m. today.


text:
Authored by: Cam Homes on Friday, March 19 2010 @ 11:33 am ACDT
The player criteria that I suggested was so that we can get at least some equality between all the matches that have been used so as to be fair to all nations. Also we can't go back and change the circumstances of those matches. We are accepting that at the time that the countries were accepting a set of rules applicable for both teams and that they were at least trying to make the match a legit 'International' or 'Test' even thothe game wasn't a full 18-a-side game.
I have included the Atlantic Alliance Cup games in the ranking and I'm pretty sure I saw somewhere that it was a 12 or 14-a-side comp, but all played under the same set of rules. Correct me if I'm wrong.
If the scheme is accepted by the leagues and we go ahead with it, there MUST be Criteria set down for all future games to played under. (possibly with a small degree of flexiblity as has occurred in the IC's) Again, my criteria is only a suggestion.
00Bock I think suggested that Tonga could field a strong team soon so we could include the juniors matches in the scheme. Can't go along with that idea - Some teams have both juniors(not very many tho) and senior teams. Most at this stage don't have junior sides. Also we never play junior teams against a senior team "not level field" that one.
Authored by: Aaron Richard on Friday, March 19 2010 @ 01:08 pm ACDT
I think the upcoming USA vs Canada is in Toronto during August. It's Canada at home at any rate.
There are a few new countries that could enter the rankings in the coming months if we stick with the current system:
Inaugural Oceania Cup (Seniors): Tonga and Fiji very likely, plus Solomons, Vanuatu and New Caledonia have been invited and could be there. This is being held in Auckland at the end of this year.
European Championships: Croatia have it on the calendar on their website, plus Iceland were talking about it. France were discussing it, but last I heard probably won't be there. Maybe Catalonia, Spain, Netherlands, Italy? Italy are sounding like they're keen to make the IC 2011.
Authored by: Cam Homes on Friday, March 19 2010 @ 02:01 pm ACDT
That's not good for the Canucks if the US win as far as points exchanges are concerned.
I had some discussion with somebody from French Footy a whle back when they used a Central District guernsey in a match because they were short of their own Red, white and blue ones on the day. He seemed to think they were holding off for the next IC. Costs and experience etc all being considered.
We've had some contact with the guys in Paris suggesting they're interested in 2011. Hopefully they can make it, it would be great to see them on the big stage.
Authored by: WFN Administrator on Friday, March 19 2010 @ 04:57 pm ACDT
Note that we've altered the presentation of the table, so that you can see the teams that have played under 5 games and are therefore still only provisionally ranked.
Authored by: Brett Northey on Friday, March 19 2010 @ 05:25 pm ACDT
If a team is provisionally ranked then I think they can be shown on the table for interest, to see where they would fit in, but they should not be allocated an actual ranking position. In other words, the current list:
1 Australia N/A
2 New Zealand 51.57
3 PNG 51.10
4 USA 44.69
5 Nauru 44.20
6 Ireland 43.81
7 Great Britain 42.19
8 Samoa 41.72
9 South Africa 41.61
10 Denmark 41.27
11 Peace Team 39.86
12 Canada 38.92
13 Germany 38.22
14 China 35.43
15 Sweden 35.21
16 Japan 34.21
17 Finland 32.92
18 India 32.00
19 Spain 31.05
would instead be:
Prov. Peace Team 39.86
Prov. Germany 38.22
Prov. China 35.43
Prov. India 32.00
because a provisional team is not actually in possession of a ranking yet. Sound fair?
I agree that we shouldn't stretch the system to include juniors.
Another issue that can only been mentioned briefly was Australia. It was debated in our 2008 rankings. I assume there is no large groundswell of opposition to Australia being granted a defacto number 1 status?
Obviously anyone that has ever seen the AFL and seen international footy knows there is still a large gulf between even the top international sides and the best Australians. PNG is the reigning IC champions, and their side (probably a bit under strength) were competitive in the Cairns AFL pre-season. Cairns would fall well below the Brisbane-based league, which is well below the WAFL/SANFL/VFL leagues, which are well below the AFL.
I think the only reason to exclude Australia would be if they were actively avoiding competition for fear of losing or misplaced arrogance. That is not the case presently. If an argument was made that the rankings were amateur sides only then the argument for Australia to front up would be greater, though clearly still a large disparity exists.
Of course all this will be severely compromised by increasing numbers of international players entering the AFL. PNG now have several listed. What if they are all fully embedded in 2nd tier (e.g. VFL) competitions next year? They may not be available to play for PNG at IC2011. Basically 4 near-AFL quality players out of their side. If they lose to NZ by 1 point you'd have to think PNG are a better side. I guess the answer is that you play with what you've got and results are all that count - music to Cam's ears. 8)
And if countries are being sufficiently compromised because of players unavailable in the state leagues or AFL, then the lobbying will have to begin to play the IC outside of the AFL season or during a break in it. That's a whole other can of worms.
Authored by: Andrew Sawitsch on Friday, March 19 2010 @ 06:13 pm ACDT
This is really interesting. I've loved reading the discussion.
Traditional Australian Rules Footy fans judge success of their team on where they finish on the ladder in a particular year, but to think that in the future, footy fans can judge success of their national team on a ranking system that accumulates and stays up to date, is pretty awesome. it also helps with teams who cant make some tournaments or play teams in other regions regularly, but can still have a presence in the ranks.
I like the system as a concept to adhere to for the future. But it's still a few years off being able to be a good indicator and have any merit in being an official ranking. the provisionals that brett added in are a good idea. How you phase Australia in there- I'm not sure. But i've no doubt they deserve #1 for quite a while.
set the system up, keep collating the info.
-9s matches don't count. this is a ranking of standard international test matches played under AFL International Cup regulations. its for the long term. and you can still set up a separate international 9s ranking as that area of the game emerges. or use the experience playing 9s to one day also have a formidable 18v18 team. its ok to include some 16v16 matches- restricted by space or numbers, but i think thats it. brett has also made good points about 9s being euro dominated as far as national teams go and having played with different eligibility regulations in past tournaments. e.g. handicaps for aussies etc.
-if it becomes official, needs to have AFL involvement and endorsement. as international matches increase, and AFL effectively act as the IRB or FIFA, the AFL, or someone else, needs to confirm that a certain match is a sanctioned international test match that is played under proper rules and match officiation. then you are sure where the ranking counts. its a while away, but you could have arguments over whether a development squad of south africans on tour who play a match against china for example, and lose by 10 goals, and people think that china will head up the ranks. likewise with 'breakaway' groups or expat involved national teams. perhaps similar set up to 'friendlies' concept in soccer. i guess arguments are unavoidable either way, but someone needs to decide what is a 'test match' and what isn't.
-I think International Cup rules is a good indicator, there may have been some aussies technically playing in past IC tournaments, but in these cases, they applied and were deemed eligibile to play, and i don't think it affected many results anyway. still a good indicator of where the countries are at. games that end up being more for practice and experience and add experienced aussies in the 2nd half for example to even things up would unfortunately have to be deemed invalid.
Just so people know, Sanga is Andrew Sawitsch, who is heavily involved with development in China. And yes, I checked with him that it was okay to name him here (Sanga is his well known nickname). But he did note that the comments are "made as a long time fan of international footy rather than taken as any official statement etc."
I agree with Sanga that ultimately any ranking has to have AFL sanctioning, as do the matches that qualify, if it is to be considered official - for the simple fact that the leading nations recognise the AFL as the world governing body. So as long as that is the case then they would have the final say as to whether something is official.
But at this stage they don't appear to have pushed for such a system, so I figure if one is put in front of them that the Leagues support then there is a good chance they would sanction it down the track. And until such time that they do sanction some kind of system, then finding one is worth exploring. I think we pretty much all agree on that, although we may not all ever agree on what that system should look like!
Authored by: Cam Homes on Saturday, March 20 2010 @ 10:46 am ACDT
In the IRB system I think the provisional teams don't even make it onto the list until they have played their 10 matches, so I can go along with our provisionals appearing with their provisional score but without a ranking. I reckon that is a good compromise, Nations get their name up there "in lights" showing the world they're battling to get on the board. It also lets other nations know that there is another team at around their own score about to come onto the ranking scheme.
Let's go with this aspect at least.
Getting back to including 9's, leave ya footy here we still wanna play. Promise to give it back when we're finished with it.
As 9's is mostly the shortened version of the game and final scores are less than full time games. it brings in how do we account for our 40plus margin of victory bonus when very few games, if any, actual result in a 40 plus victory. I still reckon a seperate 9's ranking is a better option. Once we have an computer program up and running (not pressuring anyone) the 9's version would be relatively easy to get going ( I stopped because of the amount of data (many more games played)(just one EU Cup went over a page and a half) and the player rules don't have to be as strict. And a lower Margin of Victory bonus can be used. Then the 18's version can be a true measure of a nations standing and ability at playing "Aussie Rules" at the (hate this term too) "purest" form. Keeps the maths at its simplest too.
Authored by: Brett Northey on Saturday, March 20 2010 @ 10:45 pm ACDT
Yep, I've started the process of automating the procedure so that it's easier to make updates and less likely to have errors.
I really wouldn't suggest using this scheme for an individual 9s rankings scheme because as discussed, at a nation versus nation level, 9s has been a European phenomenon, so such a scheme would only be for Europe and if it followed no-expat rules then it would only have a handful of games in it and would require quite a few more years of data before there would be even 7 or 8 teams qualifying for a ranking.
Authored by: Ando on Thursday, April 08 2010 @ 12:47 am ACST
I get what you're doing with the rankings but predicting the future I reckon GB and SA both will be higher. After the next International cup expect them both up the ladder.
Authored by: Cam Homes on Thursday, April 08 2010 @ 09:21 pm ACST
G'day twoleftfeet.
Good to see/hear a new voice!
I don't think you'll get much argument on SA showing big improvement and even GB at IC11 and but success in International Footy does really depend on $$$ (see comment from Vildmand on Denmark's funding efforts to attend IC's, in theLong list of possibles - - - discussion). Certainly the apparent growth in SA and GB tends to suggest a greater talent pool from which to pick your "national side" so here's hoping.
I'm looking forward to both the up-coming Euro and Pacific Champs to see a few more nations entering the "International Arena" and add further games( too few games seems to be problem) to our Ranking System to see how it unfolds.
Authored by: Aaron Richard on Thursday, April 08 2010 @ 09:36 pm ACST
The one thing that's sticking out at me in the rankings is that NZ and PNG are a long way ahead of the pack in points. I reckon this is pretty accurate.
You've then got a big group sitting in the middle on very similar scores, including GB and SA. Any team who can string a few wins together they could go right up to third spot pretty quick.
Authored by: Cam Homes on Tuesday, April 20 2010 @ 03:44 pm ACST
Aaron , if you look a little more closely at the next bunch as you call them(especially those with more than 40 ranking points) you will see that they have all had wins and losses against others in that bunch (and a few wins over the lower than 40 teams).
The teams below 40 don't seem to have had very many wins against those in the higher bunch.
Which seems to suggest that the ranking, despite a couple of apparent anomalies, in the main, ranks teams where Brett(especially):) and most of us reckon they ought to be, and as you suggest any team that can string a few wins together (especially against teams with similar ranking) could quickly skip ahead of the bunch and close the gap to PNG a NZ.
Gives me confidence that the system is sound and with a few more games overall and by some of the teams we'll see those anomalies disappear.
The best test is seeing the higher ranked team win more often than not in each match.
Bring on more games I say :)
Authored by: Brett Northey on Tuesday, April 20 2010 @ 07:30 pm ACST
See also discussion in this poll: http://www.worldfootynews.com/polls/i...4180353694

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


This resource is board governance-focused and will map out how to move from acknowledging and respecting diversity to developing real action-based strategies. e.g. developing an organizational diversity goal, a board recruitment process, and tailoring your documents and statements to be more inclusive.


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ARTIST and soldier Reginald James Walters completed his apprenticeship as a signwriter in 1913—a year later war broke out.
By 1915 he was serving with 10th Australian Light Horse in the Egyptian desert, having joined the 12th Reinforcements before they sailed from Fremantle.
Trained in art and drawing at Perth Technical School, officers found his talent a useful morale booster and made him an "artist at war," and his works are now on display at the Museum of Perth.
He would draw postcards and comical pieces, and his signwriting skills were put to good use creating chalkboards to advise soldiers of goings on around camp.
• Signs drawn by Reginald Walters during the Great War.
Some advertised memorials, others informed soldiers of entertainment on offer like the troupe the Whiz Bangs—10 Australian soldiers who'd been wounded in war and put on shows for their comrades.
While he spent much of the war with chalk in hand, his diaries reveal a yearning for life-threatening action, and he even tried to transfer to a company that was about to be deployed to war-torn France.
His commanding officer refused the transfer, preferring to keep his artistic skills in camp.
His diary records that on February 17, 1916 he was "disappointed today as all the boys have gone on a ride for a couple of days. After being saddled up with full equipment at the last minute the colonel sent down to have some more signs written".
The August 5, 1916 entry records him on the brink of action amidst the Romani Battle, saying "we are just waiting to get right into it for the first time. Machine guns are rattling just a hundred yards away".
• Reginald Walters in 1915.
The tone darkens on August 7: the artist records having to crawl under Turkish machine gun fire, when a friend, James Frost, a veteran of the Gallipoli campaign, "was shot through the arm and heart".
The final entries, more than two years later, reveals relief at the end of the war.
The exhibition Reg Walters, An Artist at War is at the Museum of Perth, 8-10 The Esplanade, until January 25.
Walters lived until the early 1980s.


text:
package ru.job4j.menu;

import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.PrintStream;

import static org.hamcrest.core.Is.is;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;

/**
 * Tests class Menu.
 */
public class MenuTest {

    /**
     * Tests searchItem().
     */
    @Test
    public void whenSearchItemThenGetItem() {
        Menu menu = new Menu();
        String name1 = "First item";

        menu.addItem(name1);
        try {
            assertThat(menu.searchItem("1").getName(), is(name1));
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            ex.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Tests addItem().
     */
    @Test
    public void whenAddItemThenItemIsIn() {
        Menu menu = new Menu();
        String name1 = "First item";
        String name2 = "Second item";

        menu.addItem(name1);
        menu.addItem(name2);
        try {
            assertThat(menu.searchItem("1").getName(), is(name1));
            assertThat(menu.searchItem("2").getName(), is(name2));
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            ex.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Tests addSubItem().
     */
    @Test
    public void whenAddSubitemThenSubitemIsIn() {
        Menu menu = new Menu();
        String name1 = "First item";
        String name2 = "Second item";
        String subitem = "First subitem";

        menu.addItem(name1);
        menu.addItem(name2);

        try {
            menu.addSubItem("1", subitem);
            assertThat(menu.searchItem("1.1").getName(), is(subitem));
        } catch (NotFoundItemException ex) {
            ex.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Tests deleteItem().
     */
    @Test
    public void whenDeleteItemThenItemWillBeRemove() {
        Menu menu = new Menu();
        String name1 = "First item";
        String name2 = "Second item";
        Boolean wasRemoved = false;

        menu.addItem(name1);
        menu.addItem(name2);
        try {
            menu.deleteItem("2");
            menu.searchItem("2");
        } catch (NotFoundItemException ex) {
            wasRemoved = true;
        }
        assertThat(wasRemoved, is(true));
    }

    /**
     * Tests showMenu().
     */
    @Test
    public void whenInvokeSHouldShowItems() {
        Menu menu = new Menu();
        String name1 = "First item";
        String name2 = "Second item";
        ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        System.setOut(new PrintStream(bos));
        String expectedOut = "1 First item\n2 Second item\n";

        menu.addItem(name1);
        menu.addItem(name2);
        menu.showMenu();

        assertThat(bos.toString(), is(expectedOut));
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


In her spare time, she enjoys hiking, gardening, cooking, and spending time with her children and friends.
Interpretations of some projective theorems in Euclidean Space, Ashley Nelson, MathFest, the Annual MAA summer meeting, Pittsburgh, PA, August 5-7, 2010.
Desargues' Theorem - Physical Models and Interpretations in Euclidean Space. Ashley Nelson. Posters Session. The Fourth Annual Undergraduate Mathematics Conference, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, April 10, 2010.
The rearranging of an infinite series. William Archer, Sciencefest, Emory & Henry College, VA, April 17, 2010.
Desargues' Theorem - Physical Models and Interpretations in Euclidean Space. Kandis Hall, Jessica Ogle, the 3rd Annual Student Research Symposium, University of Virginia at Wise, VA, April 17, 2009.
Summer Undergraduate Science Scholarship recipient. Summer 2017.
Based Approach, Zane Moran, 2017 VFIC Summer Undergraduate Science Scholarship recipient. Summer 2017.


text:
You are here: Home / Climate Science / 2016 Temperature Records
2016 Temperature Records
19 Jan 2017 by Gavin
To nobody's surprise, all of the surface datasets showed 2016 to be the warmest year on record.
Barely more surprising is that all of the tropospheric satellite datasets and radiosonde data also have 2016 as the warmest year.
Coming as this does after the record warm 2015, and (slightly less definitively) record warm 2014, the three records in row might get you to sit up and pay attention.
There a few more technical issues that are worth mentioning here.
Impact of ENSO
The contribution of El Niño to recent years' anomalies in the GISTEMP data set are ~0.05ºC (2015) and ~0.12ºC (2016), and that means the records would still have been set even with no ENSO variability.
I calculated these values using a regression of the interannual variability in the annual mean to the Feb-Mar MEI index. This has (just) the maximum correlation to the annual means (r=0.66). The impact of ENSO on other indices is similar, but does vary – the datasets that don't interpolate to the Arctic, in recent years at least, have a slightly stronger ENSO signal, as do the satellite tropospheric records. Doing the same procedure with the HadCRUT4 data, does change the ordering – with 2015 staying as the record year, but using the Cowtan and Way extension, the results are the same as with GISTEMP. Which brings us to another key point…
Impact of the Arctic
It's perhaps not obvious in the first figure, but the magnitude of the record in 2016 is much larger in GISTEMP and Cowtan&Way (and in the reanalyses), than it is in HadCRUT4, NCEI and JMA. This is in large part due to the treatment of the Arctic. The latter 3 records all 'conservatively' don't include areas where there aren't direct observations in their global means. This is equivalent to assuming that the missing areas are, on average, warming at the same rate as the global mean. However, this has not been a good assumption for a couple of decades. Arctic anomalies this year were close to 4ºC above the late 19th Century, over 3 times as big an anomaly as the global mean.
This divergence between the 'global' averages wouldn't matter if all comparisons were done against masked model output, but this is often skipped over for simplicity. I personally think that both HadCRUT4 and NCEI should start producing a 'filled' dataset using the best of the techniques currently available so that we can move on from this particular issue.
Do I have to mention the 'pause'?
Apparently yes. The last three years have demonstrated abundantly clearly that there is no change in the long term trends since 1998. A prediction from 1997 merely continuing the linear trends would significantly under-predict the last two years.
The difference isn't yet sufficient to state that the trends are accelerating, but that might not be too far off. Does this mean that people can't analyse interannual or interdecadal variations? Of course not, but it should serve as a reminder that short-term variations should not be conflated with long term trends. One is not predictive of the other.
94 Responses to "2016 Temperature Records"
Jack Barrett says
Excellent, Gavin, I hope Lord Lawson & Co. will take notice
John Atkeison says
The New York Times has produced an interactive applet that allows users to submit the name of their city and if it is in the database, it will show the anomaly for that city. THE PROBLEM is that the Times used 1981-2010 as their base period. I there something similar using 1880-1920 or at least somewhat more reasonably 1951-1980 base period? Or a reasonable conversion factor?
Thanks- we are starting to get a some traction here in Nebraska, especially with the Democratic climate Caucus, but we want to do the data right!
Sorry- did not include the link to the Times: http://bit.ly/HowMuchWarmer2016
Dennis N Horne says
Deniers believe this is not science, that scientists have abandoned the "scientific method" — as they understand it. It's the old story.
Dr John Snow took the handle off the pump that was spreading cholera in Soho, London. The authorities replaced it because the oral-faecal method of transmission of disease was too unpleasant to contemplate. People preferred to believe it was "bad air".
Now we've got "bad air", the truth is too unpleasant to contemplate.
Victor Venema (@VariabilityBlog) says
Berkeley Earth has the temperature of Nebraska. It also gives the data. You can simply subtract the mean temperature of 1880-1920 from all temperature (in xls) to get the graph you want.
http://berkeleyearth.lbl.gov/regions/nebraska
They have such data for US states http://berkeleyearth.lbl.gov/state-list/
and even for cities http://berkeleyearth.lbl.gov/city-list/
A few other types of "OTEC" will work also but they are not as efficient as "Ocean Mechanical Thermal Energy Conversion" or "OMTEC". One would be "Ocean Wind Mechanical Thermal Energy Conversion " or "OWMTEC" and "Ocean Solar Thermal Energy Conversion" or "OSTEC" . Different combinations of all of these can get us out of the quagmire… If you think not then I'll be glad to give you a blackboard tutorial on the subject and let your scientists work out the maths.. TYVM.. Another one with the same acronym as "Ocean Wind Mechanical Thermal Energy Conversion" or "OWMTEC" would be "Ocean Wave Mechanical Thermal Energy Conversion".
Vendicar Decarian says
Looks like the new U.S. government will be following the Libertarian Heritage Foundation roadmap for budget cuts and will be attempting to cut 1 trillion a year from U.S. government spending.
Get your Resume's ready.
You are going to need them.
So here's audio and slides on this topic:
http://www.noaa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/NOAA_NASA%202016%20Global%20Temp%20Call%20011816.mp3
https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/briefings/201701.pdf
More than half the hour is Q & A–which underscores the public in the public nature of this inquiry, and adds value. Yes we want to know. Thank you very much.
Tokodave says
Thanks Gavin. As per Tamino's recommendation…I'll continue to do what I can, come hell or high water. Expect both. http://tamino.wordpress.com/2011/05/07/hell-and-high-water/
As with temps, so with coral bleaching–it's the trend that counts the most, not particular records broken along the way. But here's one on coral bleaching (and for largely the same reasons): Only 7% of 911 reefs in the Great Barrier Reef have escaped bleaching:
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/apr/19/great-barrier-reef-93-of-reefs-hit-by-coral-bleaching
The world is in the midst of a global bleaching event, which is a result of a pulse of warm water flowing around the Pacific Ocean caused by El Niño, and the background global warming caused by man-made greenhouse gas emissions. …in the previous two mass bleaching events – 1998 and 2002 – 40% of the reefs escaped bleaching.
"By that metric, this event is five times stronger. And in those two years, only 18% of reefs were severely bleached. This time it's 55%. We've never seen anything like this scale of bleaching before…" said Hughes. [–Prof Terry Hughes, from James Cook University and head of the National Coral Bleaching taskforce]
Get your Resume's ready, make sure your Passport is up-to-date and start lodging applications to emigrate and/or prepare your brief for Political Asylum applications.
And for anyone communicating with peers in Australia, know that the keeping of all metadata records of Australian telcos for 2 years goes into full force in April.
I also hope that all good climate scientists have hired an external professional white hat hacker to ensure your comms and data is secure from here on in.
No, I'm not joking. 5xPs Proper Planning Prevents Poor Performance aka avoid being burned at the stake for witchcraft.
Thanks for the graphs and the comments Gavin. Never forget there's a bright red bulls eye painted on your back.
VD 8: Looks like the new U.S. government will be following the Libertarian Heritage Foundation roadmap for budget cuts and will be attempting to cut 1 trillion a year from U.S. government spending.
BPL: Great. Instant recession.
Qingxiang Li says
We also got the similar results based on our newly global homogenized and integrated land surface air temperature dataset (CMA_LSAT), 2016 is about 0.1 ºC warmer than 2015.
[Response: I'd be happy to include your estimates in future comparisons, do you have a link to your analysis? Thanks! -gavin]
Great. Instant recession.
That's one proven way to cut fossil fuel use.
barry says
BEST and JMA also have 2016 at the top rank.
Does the fact that 7 different data sets all have 2016 as the warmest year have any bearing on the uncertainty?
S.B. Ripman says
Hello, this comes from a frequent visitor whose wife has global warming doubts but who seems to be waking up to the problem.
She recently viewed the color-coded NASA video showing 1880 to 2016 global warming, as well as NASA's graphic display. She found them very informative (the video especially as to the arctic) but asked about the global temperature run-up that occurred in 1938-45. To my chagrin I had no ready answer.
I've Googled the question, and looked at the Skeptical Science website, to no avail. Does anybody have an explanation? The obvious factor is World War II, but it's hard to figure how that would cause a spike rather than a permanent bump-up in the trend.
[Response: It's not the war – directly at least! There is some continuing uncertainty in temperature data around that period for obvious reasons, but the (El Niño-related) spike in the early 40s is real, as is the trend before that (say 1910-1940). Partly it is due to the already ongoing increases in greenhouse gases, but other forcings and internal variability must have played a part. Unfortunately, we don't have great estimates of what solar did, or aerosols, during this period, and since we don't have ocean heat content data, or stratospheric temperatures, it's harder to constrain exactly what's going on. Thus all explanations for that period are more uncertain than we'd like. – gavin]
@#5 -thanks, Victor Venema (@VariabilityBlog).
Victor says
Record cold, 2014-2016
2014: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_2014_North_American_cold_wave#Role_of_climate_change
"The 2014 North American cold wave was an extreme weather event that extended through the late winter months of the 2013–2014 winter season, and was also part of an unusually cold winter affecting parts of Canada and parts of the north-central and upper eastern United States.[4] The event occurred in early 2014 and was caused by a southward shift of the North Polar Vortex. Record-low temperatures also extended well into March.
On January 2, an Arctic cold front initially associated with a nor'easter tracked across Canada and the United States, resulting in heavy snowfall. Temperatures fell to unprecedented levels, and low temperature records were broken across the United States."
2015: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014%E2%80%9315_North_American_winter#Northeastern_United_States
"Nine states in the Northeast United States had their coldest recorded January–March ever on record.[69] According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, from February 1 to 28, 2015, 898 lowest minimum temperature records were broken and 91 were tied in the Northeastern United States. In addition, 736 records for the highest snow depth were broken and 138 were tied during the same period.[70]
Over a large portion of New England, February 2015 was the most extreme winter month observed in modern record keeping. Eastport, Maine was one of many places also seeing record snowfall, with 132.5 inches (337 cm) over five weeks. Snowflakes fell on 19 out of 28 days in the Boston, Massachusetts area, setting records in numerous locations with depths up to over 36.0 inches (91 cm) deep in certain places. Boston broke the previous record for the snowiest month by almost 24.0 inches (61 cm).[71]"
2016: https://weather.com/forecast/national/news/back-to-back-arctic-cold-blasts-midwest-east-december-2016
"The second of two arctic cold blasts in the past week has plunged into the central and eastern states, setting more than three dozen record lows.
Temperatures have been dangerously cold in some areas, with wind chills in the 30s, 40s and even 50s below zero during the past weekend.
Dozens of record lows have been set in the Midwest and Plains since this weekend as the second of two arctic blasts in the past week invaded those regions.
Actual air temperatures fell into the 20s and 30s below zero, while wind chills plunged into the minus 30s, 40s and even a few 50s at times during the weekend."
Let's not forget 2017:
"Parts of Alaska See Coldest Temperatures in Several Years as Lows Plummet into the 40s and 50s Below Zero." https://weather.com/forecast/regional/news/alaska-frigid-below-zero-temperatures-january-2017
"A major cold snap gripped Alaska.
Temperatures dipped into the 40s and 50s below zero.
Some cities saw their coldest lows in several years.
While much of the Lower 48 enjoyed a January thaw, Alaska experienced its coldest air of the winter season. Parts of the state even saw their coldest temperatures in several years."
http://www.king5.com/weather/a-look-back-at-portlands-record-setting-snowfall/385538190
"Snowy pictures and video continues to pop up from the Portland area as they dig out from their record-setting snowfall. Here's a quick look back at what happened:
The snow started the evening of January 10. The heaviest snow fell between 8 p.m. and 2 a.m., with even a few reports of thundersnow. The snow was so heavy that chains were required on all vehicles in the Portland metro area for a time. Much of the city is still shut down today, including most schools.
It wasn't necessarily an all-time historic snowstorm, but it still ranks as the 5th snowiest 24-hour period in Portland history. First place belongs to January 21, 1943, when over 14-inches fell. Two daily snowfall records were set at the Portland airport: January 10 – 6.5-inches, and January 11 – 1.5-inches.
It will go down as the snowiest day since December 2008, and the worst snow event since 1995 (22 years ago!)"
Global Temperature in 2016 – 18 January 2017
BY: James Hansen, Makiko Sato, Reto Ruedy, Gavin A. Schmidt, Ken Lob, Avi Persinb,
Global surface temperature in 2016 was the highest in the period of instrumental measurements. Relative to average temperature for 1880-1920, which we take as an appropriate estimate of "pre-industrial" temperature, 2016 was +1.26°C (~2.3°F) warmer than in the base period.
The 2016 temperature was partially boosted by a 2015-16 El Niño, which was almost as strong as the 1997-98 "El Niño of the century". We estimate current global temperature excluding short-term variability as +1.07°C relative to 1880-1920, based on linear fit to post-1970 global temperatures.
see in full, a short 6 pages with graphs etc
http://www.columbia.edu/~jeh1/mailings/2017/20170118_Temperature2016.pdf
Correction. Grand Economic Depression, if that budget is followed.
Conservative Media outlets are laughing at the new global temperature measurements and claiming that it is just more faked data. As proof of this, they assert that the yearly string of record highs, is just one exaggeration after another since the string of highs clearly can't be real.
ozajh says
The start date for the pause will probably be reset from 1998 to 2016. In fact, to go by the number of times I'm reading that the usual suspects are quoting El Nino as the sole cause of the current spike, it's already happening.
Dan Salkovitz says
re: 19 and 20.
Why are you posting about short-term *weather* events when the issue at hand is long-term *climate*? Wow, what scientific arrogance. And on a climate blog run by peer-reviewed climate scientists yet.
You might want to learn the distinct differences in time between weather and climate since it is apparent you have little clue about them. And that it takes 30-year periods to account for long-term trends due to short-term natural variations. As any basic climate science internet search would have told you.
t marvell says
The temperature trajectory suggests enormous problems ahead. The deniers deal with this by putting their heads in the sand. But I don't think that the non-deniers do much better. They acknowledge the problem, but do extremely little to deal with it. CO2 exponential growth has not abated. The Paris agreement is totally inadequate. Promises around the world to rely less on carbon fuels usually turn out to be empty promises. Wind and solar power show no signs of providing much relief.
In other words, the non-deniers should get off their high horse.
Ric Merritt says
S B Ripman, #17. There's no (direct) harm in curiosity about 1940's temperatures, and you couldn't have a better source than Gavin for reviewing what's known and what's uncertain.
However. The answer to the question behind the question is that it doesn't matter. The rise since the 1970's is huge compared to the little bumps around the 1940's. We know what it's from, to a certainty that is best expressed as "as near as makes no difference" for purposes of determining the broad shape of policy.
What conceivable and plausible answer about the 1940's would make such a difference that it would affect the broad shape of the needed policies and actions?
Russell says
Speaking of rapid meltdowns, The White House website Climate Page has already been taken down, and replaced with this:
https://vvattsupwiththat.blogspot.com/2017/01/that-didnt-take-long.html
It is amazing that none of you mention the impact of global geoengineering (including their ramp-up periods). The evidence that coal ash with various nanoparticulates and so-called engineered biologicals are being dumped globally is overwhelmingly proved by lab tests and by the work of geophysicist J Marvin Herndon. I encourage you all to go to geoengineeringwatch.org and explore the vast work of Dane Wigington. There was a rampup period in the dumping in 1998 and wondering if this might be linked to coral bleaching as well.
Victor@19,20, Jebus, dude, that's sad even for you. You sure you're feeling OK? Too much schnapps at the deploraball?
WASHINGTON, DC — A climate of change! Perhaps the most stark contrast between the Obama administration and the Trump administration is on "global warming". The climate differences were visible today as the White House website was scrubbed of all references to "climate change" at exactly noon today just as President Donald Trump was sworn in.
"Climate skeptics are thrilled that one of the very first visible changes of the transition of power between President Obama and President Trump is the booting of "climate change" from the White House website. Trump is truly going to make science great again and reject the notion that humans are the control knob of the climate and UN treaties and EPA regulations can somehow regulate temperature and storminess. Welcome to the era of sound science!"
Meteorologist and Weather Channel Founder John Coleman had one word to describe the White House climate website changes. 'Hooray!
It's customary for http://www.whitehouse.gov to flip over to the new administration exactly at noon, but the only mention of climate on President Trump's new website is under his "America First Energy Plan" page, in which he vows to destroy President Obama's Climate Action Plan, which is a government-wide plan to reduce carbon emissions and address climate change.
25 t marvell says: In other words, the non-deniers should get off their high horse.
There's as much chance of that happening T as Chris Monckton becoming a 'born-again warmist' or Judith Curry being the Greens Presidential candidate in 2020. :-)
Peter Lang says
Gavin,
O/T question.
Can you please refer me to a widely accepted chart of global average temperatures through the Phanerozoic Eon (i.e. the past ~542 Ma)?
I have read some of the comments on your 2014 post "Can we make better graphs of global temperature history?" https://www.realclimate.org/index.php/archives/2014/03/can-we-make-better-graphs-of-global-temperature-history/ , but did not find the answer to my question. (e.g. I saw comments by Dana Royer and Gavin Foster and others)
The best I am aware of is Scotese's 2015 update here:
https://html2-f.scribdassets.com/9mhexie60w4ho2f2/images/1-9fa3d55a6c.jpg
Source: https://www.academia.edu/12114306/Phanerozoic_Global_Temperature_Curve
The benefits of this chart for ease of communication to a general audience are:
1. the vertical axis is in degrees C, not degrees change or some other units
2. It can be compared with his charts of temperature by latitude for different average global temperature and temperature gradient from equator to poles. And with his chart of average temperature in the tropics for the past 542 Ma (although I find it hard to believe the trend). These two charts are Figures 12 and 13 here: https://www.academia.edu/12082909/Some_thoughts_on_Global_Climate_Change_The_Transition_from_Icehouse_to_Hothouse
I hope you can provide a link to an authoritative chart of global average temperature for the Phanerozoic Eon I can refer to in future.
19/20 and all the others – Oh victor my victor, the energizer bunny of RC :-)
What about the half a foot of snow that fell around Corinth in sth Greece last week? Very unprecedented cold snap – sure it snows there in winter at times (not every year) but snow never accumulates much if at all – it's simply too warm a climate (unlike the north Greece or say in Greenland).
Where did all that Grecian snow come from Victor – well it arrived on the sting of the tail of Global Warming and Climate Change as the result of using fossil fuels for energy for the last 250+ years.
Of course this is impossible for you to believe because it conflicts with your ideological and religiously held beliefs, hey Victor. :-)
17 S.B. Ripman, re early 40s there were some severe droughts heatwaves in Australia at that time too … my money (i'm no scientist either) but given what I have seen re the 1940s my money is on an multiple el nino spike and potentially a co2ppm spike from industry pre/during ww2 (my guess – as in the atmosphere spiked in CO2 NO etc before the oceans sucked it all up again post ww2 – no one has ever done the numbers for major growth in energy related emissions at that time that I have seen)
In general maybe try some poltholer54 videos
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCljE1ODdSF7LS9xx9eWq0GQ
especially these two
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CY4Yecsx_-s and
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TRCyctTvuCo
Logic should do the rest, given that Monckton is the living patron saint of denialists. :-)
Lawrence Coleman says
Does this mean that we are likely to get another record hot year for 2017 since ENSO played a relatively minor part last year?.
20 Victor… and your point is……what?. Increased snowfall will mainly be due to increased atmospheric water vapour. Also as the polar regions warm the troposphere widens thus more water vapour/km^3Thank you for supporting 98% of climate scientist's conclusions. The fact that the mid lat jet stream winds are also slowing w-e and widening n-s. Trapping pockets of super saturated air over locations for vastly extended periods of time. C'mon Victor, visualise will you!
I'd like to see a graph of projections made earlier with ME shadows (gray areas) and see if 2016 goes above those ME shadows. The reason — some years back denialists were harping on how some years after 1998 (I think around 2008) went below the ME shadows, so ergo the science was wrong….
As Ripman said, it's a core denier plank that is misused against the science as a whole. Every plank that can be removed by best practice knowledge should be (if feasible). The 1930s/1940s heat waves are used as part of the other core denier plank of manipulated temperature data – everything is connected.
All the dominoes need to be knocked over, all the denier planks removed so that Ripman's wife and every other person individually has a better chance of rising above the BS by listening to and understanding the "real climate science" outside of the looney echo chambers infested by Titus' Judith currys, jennifer marohasys and Inhofes… imho at least.
PS …. aka "it matters to this starfish"
Rocketeer says
File under: Duh-oh. Cowtan misspelled on first Figure.
Re the temp rise up to the mid 1940s, besides multiple el Ninos and rapidly growing anthro CO2, IIRC solar output also rose in that period, plus there was a lull in large volcanic eruptions in the tropics. And then there is the infamous canvas bucket vs engine cooling intake pipe sea surface sampling change during WW2, which replaced a cooling bias (bucket) with a warming bias (pipe), bumping the peak a bit higher. A rapid boost in particulates and sulfur aerosols in the post-war boom quickly lopped off the peak and masked the warming of ever rising CO2 until the Clean Air Act and similar policies in the UK and Europe rapidly reduced aerosol emissions, ending the 1945-1980 "pause" to reveal the masked CO2 warming that had always been there. In other words, there were multiple reinforcing and dampening drivers.
S.B. Ripman says: "She recently viewed the color-coded NASA video showing 1880 to 2016 global warming, as well as NASA's graphic display. She found them very informative (the video especially as to the arctic) but asked about the global temperature run-up that occurred in 1938-45. To my chagrin I had no ready answer."
The situation is not fully clear yet. Part of the WWII peak will be El Nino, but the raw sea surface temperature data also shows a considerable war bias because merchant ships before and after the war have a cold bias, while the war ship making measurements have a warm bias. This is a post of mine on WWII warming with more detail.
The necessary adjustments in this period are thus large, which adds the uncertainty.
The sea surface temperature of NASA's GISTEMP comes from ERSST. The way ERSST computes the adjustments, they cannot follow the fast changes around the WWII. Well before and well after WWII, the data is good, but in a period around WWII it is more uncertain. If you are interested in this period, HadSST or HadCRUT are better datasets; their methods are better suited for fast changes.
It is important for science to get this right. I do not get why this is important for the question whether climate change is real. I hope your wife did not come into contact with the false claim that while the warming after WWII is man-made, the warming before WWII is natural. The warming before WWII is less well understood and partially natural (volcanoes, sun), but also for a large part due to greenhouse gases. See the IPPC estimates of the forcings over time in this post.
Mal Adapted says
It is amazing that none of you mention the impact of global geoengineering (including their ramp-up periods). The evidence that coal ash with various nanoparticulates and so-called engineered biologicals are being dumped globally is overwhelmingly proved by lab tests and by the work of geophysicist J Marvin Herndon. I encourage you all to go to geoengineeringwatch.org and explore the vast work of Dane Wigington.
Anna, are you familiar with the least-hypothesis rule, also known as "Occam's Razor"? Yes, some conspiracy theories have turned to be true, but there are more parsimonious (and less sinister) explanations for what Herndon and Wiginton claim are evidence of a conspiracy. I won't cite any here, as conspiracism tends to be self-sealing, thus it's unlikely any evidence can dissuade you from yours. For me, though, science is first and foremost a way of trying not to fool myself ("The first principle is that you must not fool yourself — and you are the easiest person to fool." -R. Feynman). After taking a look around the geoengineering dot com site, I'm afraid I'm unable to take it seriously, as the contributors seem far too willing to fool themselves.
Henk Schuring says
Anna: About J Marvin Herndon in particular please take the time to read this thread open-mindedly: https://www.metabunk.org/debunked-j-marvin-herndons-geoengineering-articles-in-current-science-india-and-ijerph.t6456/
About Chemtrails in general: the whole idea started with the misconception that persistent contrails can't exist without some additives. People who believe this to be true are unaware of the fact that already in 1953 scientific articles appeared explaining how these persistent contrails develop in ice supersaturated regions.
The mechanism behind the currently observed climate change (increasing amounts of greenhouse gases will add more heat to the climate system) has been described from about 100 years ago and in the subsequent time the understanding and predictions have proven to be more and more accurate, so there is no need to come up with an unproven very unlikely conspiracy hypothesis based upon a demonstrably wrong assumption.
#42 Victor: Thanks for that. I mean, on the ships. Nothing like observations*, and in this case, observations of the observations–I mean of methods of observation, if not of the observer too.
*Your blog post, which you link, is of practical, theoretical and historical import. It's quite detailed and helpful.
S.B. Ripman, do check it out–and anyone else who has thought about these questions.
Give us more public education, Lord.
43 I agree with you about current use of geoengineering after studying the web cite. But it will probably be used in the future. Given the scale of the climate problem, little is being done to stop CO2 growth (it is still increasing exponentially), and I don't see the political will to do what is necessary to slow it down. Thus, governments almost have to try geoengineering. There will be major controversy about whether high global temperatures or geoengineering are worse. Both are moves into the wild blue yonder.
Dr Gavin Schmidt on why 2016 was a record warm year
Dr Gavin Schmidt is director of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. Carbon Brief caught up with him at the University of Southampton, on 12 Jan 2017. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9f9NToKsiCA
#25,T. Marvel–"…the non-deniers should get off their high horse."
Each to his own, but I'm trying to use my high horse to make up some of the ground we'very lost over the last 20 years.
Chris O'Neill says
#20:
It's interesting what can happen during the worlds hottest January on record.
Bit worrying though.
Sorry, re #20, should have said it's interesting what can happen exactly a year after the worlds hottest January on record.
Still a bit worrying of course.


text:
Best I Faced: Lennox Lewis
Photo from The RIng archive
by Tom Gray
Note: This feature originally appeared in the September 2015 issue of The Ring Magazine.
Lennox Lewis was only the third heavyweight champion to defeat every opponent he ever faced – including rematches against those who beat him – and the last man to be considered the undisputed king of the glamor division.
The 6-foot-5 colossus – and chess wizard – strategically decimated a heavyweight landscape populated by top opposition and, in a world of blood and guts, stood relatively unblemished on a throne that he always proclaimed was his destiny.
A brilliant amateur career culminated in a gold medal at the Seoul Olympics in 1988 and, despite representing his adopted country of Canada in the unpaid ranks, Lewis elected to turn professional in his native England in 1989.
The hard-hitting Londoner put together a string of eye-catching wins but the breakout moment was a spectacular second-round stoppage of Donovan "Razor" Ruddock in October 1992, which made Lewis the mandatory challenger for the WBC title.
Undisputed champion Riddick Bowe, who lost to Lewis in the Olympic super heavyweight final, was ordered to fulfill the mandatory defense but responded by distastefully dumping the belt in a trash can before a throng of assembled media.
Lewis was upgraded to WBC titleholder by default and he defended the belt three times, but his own luck was about to run out.
A shocking second-round loss to Oliver McCall in September 1994 was a major setback but it did result in the crucial intervention of Emanuel Steward. The legendary Detroit coach, who had orchestrated Lewis' downfall in McCall's corner, was keen to work with the Englishman and iron out basic flaws. Lewis became almost unbeatable under Steward's guidance. His balance improved, his combinations were crisper and an omnipresent left jab altered the features of contender after contender.
Lewis reclaimed the WBC title with a revenge win over McCall in 1997 and unified the crown in his second fight against Evander Holyfield nearly three years later. Their first bout was declared a draw, although the consensus was that Lewis had won with room to spare.
In November 2001, Lewis began his third world-title reign when he avenged a fifth-round knockout defeat to Hasim Rahman by poleaxing the American with a right in the fourth. He was now at his peak and closed out a glorious career with lucrative victories over Mike Tyson and Vitali Klitschko.
Lewis (right) attacks Mike Tyson. Photo from The Ring archive
Since his retirement, in 2004, the great ex-champion has focused much of his attention on family. He has four children with his wife, Violet. The business side of boxing, which Lewis often referred to as "politricks," never appealed to him and he is staying clear.
"I promote youth but keep away from the cloak-and-dagger stuff which exists in the pro game," said Lewis, who endured highly publicized legal disputes with promoters Don King and Panos Eliades.
"I spend a lot of my time in Jamaica doing charity work and I also like helping the kids when it comes to boxing."
A profoundly content Lewis agreed to speak to The Ring about the best fighters he faced in 10 key categories.
BEST SKILLS
Evander Holyfield: Evander was very talented, although I was disappointed that he used his head as a punch in those fights. The word was that he was the greatest heavyweight of our era but nobody could say that until he fought Lennox Lewis. In the first fight he was overconfident, singing during his ring walk, so I went after him and he was shocked to get that draw. Second time around he knew what to expect so it was a tougher fight but I still won comfortably.
BEST JAB
Razor Ruddock: Ruddock had a good jab before he hit the canvas.
Holyfield: Holyfield had excellent variety to his defense. He could cross his arms like George Foreman but he was also well schooled in the traditional type of defense you get taught in the amateurs. Evander presented a real challenge and I had to put in a lot of effort to break through. I couldn't just land one or two shots and be content; it had to be threes, fours and fives.
BEST CHIN
Oliver McCall: There is no doubt. He was Mike Tyson's sparring partner for years and had 'cracking' reflexes.
BEST PUNCHER
Shannon Briggs: He lacked endurance but Briggs certainly knew how to put his bodyweight behind a punch. Unfortunately for him you need the full package when you face me so power isn't enough. Fans may expect me to say McCall or Hasim Rahman for punching power but I basically set myself up against both of them.
FASTEST HANDS
Briggs: I was surprised by Briggs' handspeed. He was able to close the gap very quickly and that allowed him to get off the big punches. Sometimes you don't realize how quick someone is until you're in there.
FASTEST FEET
Zeljko Mavrovic: I had to break him down by cutting off the ring. Mavrovic moved well but he was in survival mode from the moment the fight started.
SMARTEST
Vitali Klitschko: Vitali used his awkwardness to good effect. Everyone said that I should have fought him again but he was just icing on my retirement cake. I took him on at short notice and despite being mentally ready, my physical preparation wasn't ideal. I beat him at my worst so there was no need for a rematch. He definitely experienced the uppercuts.
Hasim Rahman: Rahman was very strong in the first fight and then he landed a lucky punch. People say that there's no such thing as a lucky punch but it's a punch thrown 'one time.' In the rematch he couldn't get near me so I don't know how strong he was that night.
Holyfield: Holyfield was the best opponent I faced in my career.
Tom Gray is Associate Editor for Ring Magazine. Follow him on Twitter: @Tom_Gray_Boxing
Ratings | View All
Top 6 Pound for Pound
Pandemic breeds uncertainty, Arum still works making big bouts, like Fury vs Joshua Sergey Kovalev fails VADA testing; Bektemir Melikuziev bout is off Matchroom announce schedule for early 2021, includes Alexander Povetkin-Dillian Whyte 2 Best I Faced: Nigel Benn Dougie's Friday Mailbag (2021 predictions, Margarito's 'innocence,' Loma-Lopez re-watch)
Schedule | View All
23Jan Angelo Leo vs. Stephen Fulton (Showtime) 30Jan Sergey Kovalev vs. Bektemir Melikuziev (DAZN) 30Jan Caleb Plant vs. Caleb Truax (Fox)
RingTV


text:
Rachmaninov & beyond: the piano concertos of Roger Sacheverell Coke on Hyperion
Labels: cd review
Roger Sacheverell Coke Piano Concertos Nos. 3, 4 & 5; Simon Callaghan, BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra, Martyn Brabbins; Hyperion
Reviewed by Robert Hugill on Oct 25 2017 Star rating: 4.5
The surviving concertos by a neglected British composer, out of synch with the British mid-20th century main-stream but striking and fascinating nonetheless, in stunning performances
Pianist Simon Callaghan has already explored Roger Sacheverell Coke's solo piano music in his 2015 recording of Coke's Preludes on SOMM (see my review), now Callaghan has returned to give us more of the music from this neglected 20th century British composer (see Simon's article on this blog). For the 73rd (!) volume of Hyperion Records series The Romantic Piano Concerto, Simon Callaghan joins the BBC Symphony Orchestra and Martyn Brabbins to perform Roger Sacheverell Coke's Piano Concerto no. 3 in E flat major, Piano Concerto No. 4 in C sharp minor and the slow movement from Piano Concerto No. 5 in D minor.
The music on the disc represents all that survives of Coke's six piano concertos, the composer destroyed the first two, the slow movement seems to be all that survives of the fifth and for a while it seemed that only the composer's two-piano version of the third had survived.
Coke studied with Alan Bush, J Frederick Staton and Mabel Lander, who was a pupil of Leschetizky. With relative freedom from financial concerns and a music studio created for him in buildings on his family estate, Coke initially developed a promising career. Coke was a homosexual (which needn't have been an obstacle in the British musical world of the time), but he also suffered from depression and was diagnosed with schizophrenia and spent time in hospitals. Performances of his music rather dried up after World War II and were mostly confined to his native Derbyshire. At his own expense, his opera The Cenci was given a performance in London in 1959 and was given hostile reviews by the critics, leading to severe depression.
Simon Callaghan, BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra & Martyn Brabbins recording Roger Sacheverell Coke's piano concertos (Photo Oscar Torres)
His style was also very much at odds with the British musical climate of the day, quite how much can be judged from the Piano Concerto No. 3 which is a huge, Rachmaninov-inspired piece. Coke was a great admirer of Rachmaninov, visited him in Lucerne and Rachmaninov probably visited Coke at his home in Derbyshire. In three movements, the piece large scale (lasting around 30 minutes), and is full of rich orchestration and big romantic piano writing. The work was premiered in 1939 in Bournemouth with the dedicatee, Charles Lynch, playing the solo part.
Before we complain too much about the neo-Rachmaninov, it is worth bearing in mind that the composer was only in his 20s and the work is highly impressive for a young composer, and that Rachmaninov's final symphonic works only date from a few year's earlier. Coke's writing represents a strikingly different strand to British musical consciousness.
That Coke's musical style developed over time is fascinatingly documented by the concertos on the disc. The Piano Concerto No. 4 was composed in 1940 and dedicated to Eileen Joyce. Again in three movements, it is another big 30 minute work. Rather darker than the earlier concerto, with a brooding first movement and a dark dramatic third. Whilst the CD booklet article cites the influence of Scriabin, I found a lot of the writing, particularly that for piano, reminded me of Bax and Ireland.
It is interesting to consider the relationship of British composers to the piano concerto, Delius wrote one in 1897 which was played at the Proms between 1907 and 1921, and Stanford wrote three. It seems to have resurfaced after the First World War in remarkably big bold form, including RVW's piano concerto of 1926 and John Foulds Dynamic Triptych of 1927-29. Bax wrote a number of concertante works for piano and orchestra but no specific piano concerto and of course John Ireland's dates from 1930.
The sole surviving movement of Coke's fifth concerto, presumed to be the middle movement, is a nine minute piece of sombre, and rather striking writing. This is a very definite voice, and a long way from the neo-Rachmaninov of the first concerto. Again, Bax and Ireland come to the fore and you rather regret the loss of the other movements of the concerto and the complete final concerto. It becomes clear, listening to this disc, that we need to place Coke with the group of other composers (including notable refugees like Berthold Goldschmidt) whose compositional style was at odds with British music of the 1950s and whose composing career was effectively frozen out by the musical establishment.
The performances from all concerned are admirable. Coke was clearly no mean pianist and the sort of composer, like Rachmaninov and Bax, who likes rich, strongly figured piano writing. Simon Callaghan takes it all in his stride, encouraging us to enjoy the sheer luxuriance of the piano writing and well supported by Martyn Brabbins and the BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra. This disc is clearly something of a labour of love, and we must be grateful for Hyperion to including it in their series.
Coke wrote a great deal more, including three symphonies and that tantalising opera The Cenci, so I hope that we get to hear more of his output. This disc is essential listening for anyone interested in an alternative history of British music. The fine performances make all three concertos a joy, but I particularly think that the fourth and fifth are essential listening.
Roger Sacheverell Coke (1912-1972) - Piano Concerto No. 3 in E flat major
Roger Sacheverell Coke - Piano Concerto No.4 in C sharp minor
Roger Sacheverell Coke - Piano Concerto No. 5 in D minor
Simon Callaghan (piano)
BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra
Martyn Brabbins (conductor)
Recorded City Halls, Candleriggs, Glasgow, 21 & 22 July 2016
HYPERION RECORDS CDA68173 1CD [69.99]
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In search of Roger Sacheverell Coke: Pianist Simon Callaghan on his journey to his recent recording of the piano concertos - Feature article
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Powerful duo: Cav & Pag complete Opera North's The Little Greats season - Opera review
Light but not negligible: Bernstein's Trouble in Tahiti and Gilbert & Sullivan's Trial by Jury at Opera North - Opera review
Posted by Planet Hugill at Tuesday, October 31, 2017
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text:
Quantilly ist eine französische Gemeinde mit  Einwohnern (Stand: ) im Département Cher in der Region Centre-Val de Loire. Sie gehört zum  Arrondissement Bourges und zum Kanton Saint-Martin-d'Auxigny. Die Einwohner werden Quantillois genannt.

Geographie
Quantilly liegt etwa 15 Kilometer nordnordöstlich von Bourges in der Sologne. Umgeben wird Quantilly von den Nachbargemeinden Achères im Norden, Menetou-Salon im Osten, Vignoux-sous-les-Aix im Süden und Südosten, Saint-Georges-sur-Moulon im Süden und Südwesten, Saint-Martin-d'Auxigny im Westen und Südwesten sowie Saint-Palais im Westen und Nordwesten.

Bevölkerungsentwicklung

Sehenswürdigkeiten
 Kirche Saint-Genou aus dem 18. Jahrhundert
 Schloss Champgrand aus dem 19. Jahrhundert
 Schloss Quantilly aus dem 18. Jahrhundert

Literatur
 Le Patrimoine des Communes du Cher. Flohic Editions, Band 2, Paris 2001, ISBN 2-84234-088-4, S. 798–801.

Weblinks

Ort in Centre-Val de Loire
Weinbauort in Frankreich

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
New Albany High student-athlete Jacob Trulock remembered as selfless friend
@kwill_cj
Jacob Trulock was far more than a high school soccer standout for New Albany High School. The name may ring a bell for many for his acrobatic saves and eye-popping statistics. For the majority, though, he will be remembered for his character, those who know him said.
Trulock died on Tuesday in a hiking accident at Clifty Falls State Park in Madison, Indiana, about 50 miles northeast of Louisville, when, authorities said, he was hiking off a designated trail, fell into the water and was taken over the edge of a waterfall. He was 18 years old. Visitation for Trulock will take place from 3-8 p.m. Sunday at St. John Paul II Catholic Church in Sellersburg, and the funeral is scheduled for 10 a.m. on Monday.
An influence upon many in his three-plus years at New Albany, Trulock was not limited to the title of all-area performer. He was top five in his class and possessed a "brilliant engineering mind," New Albany assistant soccer coach Shane Stuber said. Perhaps more importantly, though, he said Trulock embodied selflessness, both on and off the field.
Trulock was always first to arrive and last to leave for practice on a day-to-day basis, and Stuber said it didn't take him long to realize why the senior stuck around. He made sure his teammates had a ride home.
"He's that kind of kid," Stuber said. "I think he had a 4.5 GPA, so just ridiculously intelligent, but he put others before himself. Always. In everything that he did. … It was never about him. He always had a smile on his face, and he always took too little credit and too much blame. He was mature beyond his years. It's like he somehow learned a lesson that not many adults ever learned – that you actually get more out of life when you give of yourself. And he did. He had that figured out."
Trulock's list of academic and athletic accolades is lengthy. According to teammate Blake Hanen, he was set to attend Purdue in the coming months to study engineering. Trulock was gifted, and he didn't shy away from sharing his time with others, Hanen added.
"He was probably the best friend you could have," Hanen said. "If you wanted advice about anything, you just went to him and he'd always lead you in the right direction, or try to at least. He was an outstanding student. … He was the definition of a student-athlete. He put in as much work in the classroom as he did on the soccer field."
Teammate Kevin Sanchez said Trulock's enthusiasm was evident to anyone who knew him.
"He always radiated positivity," Sanchez said. "There's nothing negative you can say about him. … (He) always had a smile on his face."
In addition to the droves of support offered on social media, the New Albany boys soccer team and many other student groups have gathered to remember Trulock's life in the past two days. Stuber said the outpouring of compassion is fitting given Trulock's positive influence, both on and off the soccer field.
"It's so heartwarming to see all of the people that he touched," Stuber said. "I've literally never heard anyone say anything negative about Jacob, and because people are hearing about this, they're sharing the stories of how he touched them. … It's a testament to how he lived his life and frankly, it's a testament to how we should all live our lives."


As we move into the unofficial start of Summer, let us take time to remember the those men and women who sacrificed their lives for this country. Let's think about the families who are remembering and reflecting on memories shared with those they have lost. Now, hold on close to those near you, love your people and be safe. Namaste.


text:
Translated story: FAQ on coronavirus disease (COVID-19)
4 May 2020 LL
The following questions and answers explore everyday practicalities and doubts about the COVID-19 pandemic, using the latest available scientific research. The Spanish newsroom Civio wrote them for readers in Spain and have translated and adapted them for a wider audience.
What about masks? Should I wear one? What type?
Last updated 14 April: Recommendations on masks have changed in the last few days. First the United States and then the European Union began recommending that the general population use masks in situations where it is harder to maintain physical distances, such as on public transport.
Leo2014 | Pixabay
In Spain, surgical masks and filter masks are for the exclusive use of medical staff due to shortages. Spanish security forces are distributing reusable masks for the general population. The Ministry of Industry has also published a guide to making cloth masks at home.
The change in criteria is due to observations of the role played by asymptomatic carriers. They may have infected other people without knowing it. Masks help protect other people, not just the wearer. But masks are a complementary measure in addition to maintaining a safe distance from other people, cleaning high-contact surfaces with bleach diluted in water and frequent handwashing with soap or an alcohol-based disinfectant. Used the wrong way, masks can create a false sense of security and promote transmission of the virus.
For how long is SARS-CoV-2 dangerous on my shopping bag?
Last updated March 20: Initial studies suggest that the main means of transmission is from person to person, at least one report claims to have detected indirect transmission via surfaces and materials. Viruses can only multiply in the cells of living things and do not remain intact for long on their own. But data on how just how long SARS-CoV-2 remains infectious on different types of surfaces are limited.
CDC | Wikipedia
A study in the New England Journal of Medicine detected SARS-CoV-2 in particles suspended in the air up to three hours after the initial contamination. The same study detected the virus on copper four hours after application (copper is present in alloy form in some euro coins ). It detected SARS-CoV-2 on cardboard 24 hours after application and on stainless steel and plastic between two and three days after application. That said, the study was preliminary, and its conclusions may soon be overturned by new, more robust research.
Still, it makes sense to follow good hygiene practices recommended by authorities such as frequent hand washing, sneezing or coughing into your elbow or a disposable handkerchief and throwing it away immediately, and remaining one or two metres away from other people. If you think that a surface may be contaminated, clean it with a household disinfectant. Then wash your hands with soap and water or with an alcohol-based disinfectant.
How should I do my laundry to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission?
Last updated March 23: Research does not provide solid evidence on the temperature range within which SARS-CoV-2 remains infectious. A similar virus, SARS-CoV, may persist for several days at an ambient temperature of 20ºC on different surfaces, according to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). Public health experts have made the following health and safety recommendations : healthy people and those without symptoms should wash their clothes in washing machines at the highest possible temperature recommended by the clothing manufacturer and let it dry completely before use.
Phio | Pixabay
People with symptoms or who have been tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 or live with someone who has must take further precautions. The ECDC offers the following tips (PDF ): First, wear disposable gloves and a surgical mask during cleaning. Afterward, wash your hands with soap and water or an alcohol-based disinfectant. Do not shake out the affected person's clothing. Put it in a dedicated bag or container to prevent contamination. Wash the affected person's clothes with their usual detergent at high temperatures (ideally 90ºC) and allow them to dry completely. If high temperature washing is not possible, use bleach or a similar textile disinfectant. Finally, clean high-contact surfaces with water and bleach (20 ml of household bleach diluted in 1 litre of water).
Can my stress and anxiety about the pandemic make me more vulnerable to it?
Last updated March 26: Stress can affect our immune system since it releases cortisol, an immunosuppressive hormone, says immunologist Margarita del Val at the Severo Ochoa Centre for Molecular Biology (CSIC-UAM).
Del Val recommends exercise, frequent calls with your loved ones, and doing work, whether your old job or something new if necessary
"The other side of the coin are immune-boosting hormones (endorphins) that are released in satisfying situations such as sport, sexual activity, work, and social life," she says.Del Val recommends exercise, frequent calls with your loved ones, and doing work, whether your old job or something new if necessary, to give yourself as many avenues as possible for satisfaction.
What are asymptomatic carriers and how long can they transmit the virus?
Last updated March 24: There are people who can appear healthy and do not show symptoms such as fevers or cough despite being infected with SARS-CoV-2. This can occur in recently exposed individuals who later develop COVID-19 symptoms. It can also occur in infected people who never show symptoms. These people are called asymptomatic carriers.
The scientific evidence on asymptomatic carriers is limited. Some early studies (here , here , here , and here ) and prominent experts such as United States National Institutes of Health (NIH) infectious disease head Anthony Fauci suggested that asymptomatic carriers may be an important part of why this pandemic has spread so far so fast. At least one of those studies has already attracted criticism .
NIAID | Flickr
Some labs use polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the amount of SARS-CoV-2 genetic material in patients, which is called the 'viral load'. But early studies (here and here ) have drawn different conclusions about whether the viral load affects transmission. Still, the ECDC recommends that hospitals wishing to discharge patients wait 14 days before testing, to avoid releasing people who still have a detectable viral load after their symptoms subside.
One of the problems, according to microbiologist Guillermo Quindós, of the University of the Basque Country, is that we do not have conclusive data on the infectious dose of this new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. The PCR test detects the coronavirus genome in a given person, but it cannot determine whether the coronavirus is capable of spreading to someone else. That would requires using cell cultures, which take more time. In short, we know that asymptomatic carriers exist, but we know very little about their role in the pandemic.
I have asthma. Am I at risk?
Last updated March 27: First, the information we offer is no substitute for the advice of a health professional. The World Health Organization says that SARS-CoV-2 can infect people of all ages and health conditions but both it and the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) state that people with asthma are one of the risk groups. In other words, they can be more vulnerable to infection by the coronavirus. Currently, there is no very solid scientific evidence on the relationship between the coronavirus and asthma, so it is essential to take precautions and follow official recommendations for hygiene and cleaning and, if possible, working from home. If you have a health problem, we recommend that you consult your doctor or call your health information or emergency services.
How does coronavirus affect the kidneys?
Last updated March 27: Some studies indicate that some people with COVID-19 develop kidney problems (Nature Reviews Nephrology ). The Journal of the Spanish Society of Nephrology reported kidney damage in people infected with coronavirus and other studies mention problems such as abnormal amounts of protein or blood in urine. The latest technical report from the Spanish Ministry of Health lists a series of respiratory symptoms as the most prominent symptoms of COVID-19 but it neither mentions nor rules out renal issues.
We do not know if the virus infects kidney cells or if the problems are an indirect response to the inflammation in the body as a whole. Some studies have found genetic material of the virus (RNA) in the urine of a limited number of patients. This suggests that the coronavirus could be directly attacking the kidney, but it is not definitive proof. The study sample was small and, in any case, the genetic material found was just components of the virus and we do not know if the virus that reached the kidneys was still infectious.
Finally, the SARS-CoV-2 virus closely resembles the coronavirus that caused the SARS outbreak between 2002 and 2003, which caused some patients to suffer acute renal failure and a worse prognosis. These problems seemed to be due more to a multi-organ failure than to the virus infecting those cells. We do not yet know if this also occurs with SARS-CoV-2, so we need more research.
Does the virus travel through the air? Can I leave my windows open?
Last updated April 2: According to the World Health Organization , the most common mode of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is from person to person, through the droplets expelled when people speak, cough or sneeze. That is why social distancing is fundamental, as are frequent handwashing, coughing or sneezing into your elbow, and not touching your eyes, face or mouth. Viral genetic material has also been found in the faeces of patients, but faecal transmission is not yet proven.
Axel Hartmann | Flickr
Some research also suggests that there could be some cases of contagion from people after touching surfaces contaminated by the virus. Although there is no totally solid evidence, various studies suggest that the virus could remain infectious from a few hours to up to three days on different surfaces and materials, such as plastic, cardboard, stainless steel or copper. Experts recommend cleaning high-contact surfaces with bleach diluted in water.
Unless someone is breathing, talking, coughing or sneezing right outside your window, the virus shouldn't be able to come in. In fact, the United States CDC advises opening windows to ventilate rooms. In other words, yes, you can open your windows and let the air through, since there is no evidence that it could pose a risk of contagion.
I have high blood pressure. Am I at risk?
Last updated March 23: First, the information we offer is no substitute for the advice of a health professional. The World Health Organization says that SARS-CoV-2 can infect people of all ages and health conditions. But people with any heart-related problem exposed to SARS-CoV-2, "will be in a worse position [than a healthy person] to neutralise the virus," says cardiologist and vice president of the Spanish Heart Foundation (FEC) José Luis Palma.
Hospital Clínic | Flickr
In addition, older people or those with pre-existing conditions may be more vulnerable to infection, although there are cases of young people or people without health problems who have suffered serious complications. For people with cardiovascular problems also infected by SARS-CoV-2, Palma says, "the chances of suffering the disease in its most serious form will be higher." "Hypertensive patients are more predisposed to COVID-19 infection and its worse evolution, although it is not fully confirmed," Palma adds.
On the other hand, some health workers have discussed whether antihypertensive drugs could be a risk factor for coronavirus patients. Palma says that "these suspicions have not yet been established with certainty," according to Spanish Agency for Medicines and Health Products (AEMPS) criteria. AEMPS continues to recommend that doctors treat people with high blood pressure with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin 2 AT1 receptor blockers. The European Society of Hypertension does not recommend changing treatment yet, either. If you have a health problem, we recommend that you consult your doctor or call the health information or emergency services.
How are the streets disinfected?
Last updated March 23: In Spain, the protocol established by the Ministry of Health specifies that sanitation workers clean streets and public spaces, especially near health centres, large supermarkets and food distribution centres and informal settlements using bleach (sodium hypochlorite) diluted in water. In other parts of the world, including Italy , similar protocols are also being applied to disinfect streets with bleach diluted in water.
First published by Civio: [html].
Republished by the European Data Journalism Network: [html].
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These TTL encoders feature priority decoding of the inputs to ensure that only the highest-order data line is encoded. The '147 and 'LS147 devices encode nine data lines to four-line (8-4-2-1) BCD. The implied decimal zero condition requires no input condition, as zero is encoded when all nine data lines are at a high logic level. The '148 and 'LS148 devices encode eight data lines to three-line (4-2-1) binary (octal). Cascading circuitry (enable input EI and enable output EO) has been provided to allow octal expansion without the need for external circuitry. For all types, data inputs and outputs are active at the low logic level. All inputs are buffered to represent one normalized Series 54/74 or 54/74LS load, respectively.