text:
DDoS Attack on German Energy Company RWE
Protesters in Germany have been camping out at the Hambach Forest, where the German energy company RWE has plans to mine for coal. Meanwhile, it's been reported that RWE's website was under attack as police efforts to clear the protesters from the woods were underway.
According to Deutsche Welle, unknown attackers launched a large-scale distributed denial-of-service (DDoS), which took down RWE's website for virtually all of Tuesday. No other systems were attacked, but efforts to clear away the protesters have been ongoing for the better part of the month, and activists have reportedly made claims that they will be getting more aggressive in their tactics.
Activists have occupied the forest in hopes of preventing RWE from moving forward with plans to expand its coal mining operations, which would effectively clear the forest. In addition to camping out in the forest, the protesters have reportedly taken to YouTube to spread their message.
Reports claim that a clip was posted last week by Anonymous Deutsch that warned, "If you don't immediately stop the clearing of the Hambach Forest, we will attack your servers and bring down your web pages, causing you economic damage that you will never recover from," DW reported.
"Together, we will bring RWE to its knees. This is our first and last warning," the voice from the video reportedly added.
DDoS attacks are intended to cripple websites, and the attack on RWE allowed the activists to make good on their threat, at least for one day.
""This is yet another example that illustrates the DDoS threat to [softer targets in] CNI [critical network infrastructure]. RWE is an operator of an essential service (energy) in Germany. The lights didn't go out but their public-facing website was offline as a result of this attack," said Andrew Llyod, president, Corero Network Security.
In a recent DDoS report, Corero researchers found that "after facing one attack, one in five organizations will be targeted again within 24 hours."


summer is a nice capability to have, especially here in Las Vegas.
build four heatsticks instead of three, too.
The feasibility of all this does depend somewhat on easy access to power.
installed for my clothes dryer; it's located in an easily accessible location.
> need a little headroom.
relays.  If you still need the relays, what use are the triacs?
finished fermenting under an air lock at 68 degrees F?
After lagering at 32 degrees F for several weeks?
WRT the thread on PID controllers: "Triac output" could mean two things.
with smoke in it. When I turned on the 24V all the smoke came out.
Subject: RE:Campden/sodium metabisulfite as time saving/2 day brewing aid?
Brian asks a lot of questions about metabisulfite.
I 'll see if I can answer some of them.
>the fact that some people are (I think) allergic to sulfites.
>the wort is boiled later.
>Might the campden tablets help?
in people that aren't allergic. This is not recommended.
>Would I need to add 1 tablet per gallon as vintners do?
Wouldn't be anywhere close to enough considering the pH of the beer.
>for de-clorination, and no sanitation, correct?
Correct. De-chlorination and maybe a little protection from oxidation.
removing it. It's perfectly safe in the levels we use in brewing.
>going to stunt the yeast when I do have the opportunity to pitch?
the yeast probably wouldn't even blink.
No. If this works for you, it won't be because of the sulfite.
>the boil, or should I let it sit for a day or two before brewing?
It won't harm the brewing yeast or anyone drinking the beer.
strong.  These are just too strong to drink much of.
These are all fine beers, but where are the moderate alcohol ones?
months later, Charlie Papazian wrote an editorial in "New Brewer"
the brewing of lower alcohol, session beers.
that more or bigger isn't always better.
I have an alternate proposal to using Campden or Metabisulfite.
Use a short wave UV light to sterilized the wort.
an alternative to Campden and Metabisulfite in my cider production.
indoors with any type of gas.
to brew on the patio.
accuracy of the bimetal ones.


Hi! Is there any info on when the Swift refactorings that existed for Objective-C will be available for Swift?
Create method intention is available since AppCode 2016.3. You should be able to use it by hitting Option+Enter on unresolved method call, e.g.
There is also Extract Method available via Option+Cmd+M for creating new method from an expression, e.g. from 1 + 2.


Alessandro Albert, born in Turin in 1965. Interested in photography from an early age, probably dued to his failures in team sports, and restive towards schools and courses, he is a self thought photographer. Photographs everything with in shooting distance, but is specialized in portraits; doesn't like long term projects and a routinized photographic style. Avoiding challenges he has decided to dedicate himself to what is far from his nature and to capture what generally is impossible to photograph. Travels with resignation and no enthusiasm and works on his own chaotic artistic projects with no structure. He works with editorial and corporate. He is represented by GettyImages.
After working for ten years in several international companies and traveling between Europe and Asia, I decided to dedicate my whole life to photography, which I consider an instrument and a way that allows me to discover more and more of myself within the reality that it surrounds me. I alternate between events, portraits and personal projects with the aim of investigating everyone's dreams and hopes.
Andrea Baioni is a 27 years old fashion photographer based in Milan, Italy. He specializes in fashion, editorial and backstage photography, focusing on moody, eerie images. His baroquesque, low-light approach is intended to reveal only a few, key details at a time, concealing everything that is not essential to the eye.
G. Balocco is an artist, photographer, videomaker who considers photography such as a scientific instrument in projects defined at the limit between the biology evolutionist and contemporary anthropology inspired by philosophical thought George Didi-Hubermann. Over recent years he prefers ecological themes of a second level that starts from the awareness of systematic relationship linked to life and to the Human evolution. In the creation of photographic contexts, conceptual model, the human environment and social has been reviewed through a personal reading that connects it to the world vegetable intelligent to be revealed in its meaning anachronistic and universal.
Born in Italy (1977), he lives in Milan. Pietro take portrait, corporate and commercial, for many international brands. Cleanliness and aesthetic rigor are the peculiarities that distinguish him. With his portraits he tries to tell the intimate and personal story of every manager that photograph. He has traveled to over 40 countries around the world to gather and breathe human stories. He is currently working mixing photography, video and multi-sensory installations. He collaborate with numerous magazines and Lens Culture elected him in 2017 as Emerging Photographer of the Year.
I started my career as a professional photographer in Milan in the '90s. My work ranges from the reproductions of art for catalogues and archives, to architecture, Interior Design, corporate portraits and travel photography. Books, Fine Art printing and exhibitions are the results of my work. I had the opportunity to work with high profile companies operating in different market sectors (oil&gas, fashion, food, art, design, advertising…) gaining the ability to manage sophisticated requests, even in complex situations. Five years ago I've started using Leica S to offer my clients the pleasure of appreciating the excellence of super-detailed images.
Milan based Photographer for luxury and private events, fashion backstage, corporate reportage and exclusive wedding assignments. Teacher and coordinator of the Leica Akademie Italy. Born in Turin, Italy, graduated from the Accademia John Kaverdash of Milan in Fashion and Still Life Photography.
Mattia Bonavida, 24yo born and raised in Riva del Garda on lake Garda, Italy, is a landscape and travel photographer whose aim is to create something unique. He loves to use colors to impress the viewer and to tell an emotional story through his photos. He worked with Nikon Japan for the Nikon D5600 product tour, and now he is a worldwide brand ambassador for 500PX and an Italian Ambassador for Leica Camera Italia. Often, he goes hiking in the mountains for several hours, trying to get the perfect shot. He is well-known on Instagram and Facebook, where he has a large following.
I have been shooting for over 25+ years in 50+ Countries, specialising in high-end editorial and commercial travel photography. Combining my passion for photography and travel, my work has taken me to five continents. My images have been published in books, brochures and various publications and used as well as used for commercial purposes. I love colourful remote landscapes and bright dynamic portraits depicting the lifestyle of people, ethnic minorities and remote cultures.
Marco is one of the most important photographers on the automotive scene, after a lot of years on the circuits of all over the world he is now totally dedicated to advertising photography for the most important brands on two or four wheels.
Cross-media photographer specialized in long form social reportages. Since '16 Casino focused his researches in a cross-media narrative, Post-Internet Era, documenting the ways big data and technologies are challenging the democratic process and their impact on environment. Before that, he covered stories across Europe and Africa, receiving awards like the World Press Photo. His works has been published on leading news outlets for clients like National Geographic, BBC, CNN, The New York Times, The Guardian, among the others. Casino also works for adv special projects, cooperating with leading luxury brands and agencies worldwide, exploring innovative visual languages with new technologies.
I was born in Desenzano del Garda in 1979, and I fell in love with photography since I was a child, but I did not give it the right importance until a few years ago. After the purchase of the first SLR, a long course of educational studies began, leading me to graduate from the post-production academy. I create personal projects that range in different areas of photography, from landscape to fin art portrait and reportage. Commercially I deal with advertising / still life, portrait and sometimes marriage, as well as retoucher for third parties. Some of my photos have been exposed in some exhibition and I published a book.
Fotografo professionista di Milano, da oltre 20 anni nel settore della moda e della pubblicità. Ha scattato per campagne ADV internazionali e numerosi personaggi dello spettacolo lo hanno scelto come ritrattista. Appassionato di antiche tecniche fotografiche, Andrea ha all'attivo numerose mostre personali in cui ha esposto i suoi intensi ritratti in bianco e nero. Esperto fotografo di beauty ha realizzato servizi per le maggiori riviste del settore .
I am Marc De Tollenaere, a freelance photographer, Licensed Tour Leader in Venice. In the last ten years I published various photographic books and reportages about Venice and its Countryside. Beside this activity I hold Photo Tours and Photo Walks in Venice during which we will discover the most beautiful and hidden parts of Venice, off the beaten track, and I'll show you how to get the best picture in every situation. In order to live an unique experience, the Photo Walk and Photo Tour in Venice are for private, couples, or small, already formed groups of friends, max 5 persons.
Photography, to me, is an urgency. It is my inner push towards the pursuit a word of value. When I shoot pictures, my tension is addressed to the persons in front of the camera lens. I ask myself: "What are they feeling in that very moment? How can I transfer their interior world into an image?" In the relationship with my clients, what I feel is that we are in this together, that we are sharing a little part in the journey of life, which of I have the honor to be - with my shots - a witness.
Professional photographer who loves art and reportage photography. It makes use of the most advanced technologies combined with the study of light.
Stefano Guindani founds his agency in 1998, SGP Stefano Guindani Photo, which combines editorial production and services for fashion and luxury companies. Affirmed as backstage fashion and celebrity photographer, Stefano deepens his interest in reportage in China and Haiti, where he works for Francesca Rava N.P.H Foundation for which he published the book Haiti through the eye of Stefano Guindani, and exhibited in Milan and New York. In 2015 he shot portraits of Ricette and Ritratti d'Attore, for Rai Cinema and Condé Nast, with a book and an exhibition in Los Angeles. In 2016 he released Sguardi d'Attore, produced by Rai Cinema, which collects portraits of over 350 Italian actors.
Born in Switzerland in 1976, Igor Lucchetta does photography since the beginning. Everything started when as a teenager he developed the black and white in the darkroom. Endless experiments with the film in order to see the pictures come out of nothing. Magic that after continues with the digital. Different tools, but the same passion that drives him. Studying in Milan he refines his tecniche and knowledge in the world of the fashion. Skills that after he takes back to the wedding and it is the sector where he is stated more. Creates a particular style each time based on the uniqueness of the couple. Well chosen ingredients that start from the soul to produce indelible emotions in time.
Filippo Maffei is an Italian photographer, born in the heart and raised on the coast of Tuscany. Constantly traveling, he makes the world his photo set. As a young man he trained the eye documenting his context, theskate and the road, the surf and the oceans. Immediately his style becomes unmistakable. His work is so immediate, fine and defined as deep andfull of meaning. Powerful in the Commercial as in Reportage, his photography is a need to narrate the balance.
Professional photographer and teacher at Leica Akademie Italy, he regularly holds intensive courses and workshops on landscape photography and regularly publishes his works on newspapers and magazines. He curated the exhibition "Malta 2018" at Leica Galerie Milano, project realised in collaboration with Malta Tourism Authority. Finalist at Portfolio Italia in 2015, in the same year exhibits at the festival of photography SI Fest OFF.
Almost thirty years of passion for photography, always trying to get ride of the unnecessary in order to focus on the essential. In the studio, in the location or in the move the attention is always on lighting, volumes and how to capture their combinations.
Meroni Stefano, photographer born in 1973, discovers his great passion for photography at only 14 years; decides, therefore, to deepen his studies by obtaining an artistic diploma and attending numerous photography courses in various academies, including the John Kaverdash Academy of Milan in the field of fashion. In 1992 he entered the world of work in a photography shop specializing in weddings, as a photographer's assistant, and he will take over in 2004. For a few years he runs an art gallery in Cantù, where he also exhibits his photographic works. Specializing in wedding photography, she is constantly researching and experimenting with a language that she knows how to excite.
I like food and I love photography. The best way to invite the public to try a restaurant and a dish is through a photo that conveys the research, the beauty and the gluttony of the dish itself. In the banality of the moment of the choice of a restaurant and in the consultation of the site, it does not matter how important the selection of certain shots is. This led me to open a study with verticality on restaurant and communication. This is dinner, please!
Lillina Nicoletti Wedding photographer, family, delivery room and newborn! Base in Calabria!
Daniele Pace is an Italian photographer of 32 years, graduated from the Academy of Fine Arts in Rome. He began his career through a path of creative experimentation. He collaborates with various communication agencies, creating photographic services for them especially in the areas of Food, Corporate, Architecture and Social photography. Daniele Pace is also a photography teacher who has been organizing courses and workshops for 6 years. Member of the collective "Roma Street Photography. In December 2017 he presented his best shots taken on the street, in the Leica Store in Rome.
Born in Italy, in 1983, after studying Art, I studied photography at the Istituto Europeo di Design in Milan, and received a scholarship for the Master on the Contemporary Image to the Fondazione Fotografia of Modena. An analogue approach to digital, so I synthetize my relationship with photography.
Eolo Perfido (Cognac, France, 1972) is a portrait photographer specialized in advertising photography. He worked with some of the most important communication agencies in the work and his works have been published in magazines and newspapers such as New York Times, Communication Arts, L'Espresso, Panorama First, Vision, Vogue Russia, GQ Russia, Computer Arts. Among his clients companies like Pepsi Cola, Samsung, Sky Television, Adidas, Ford, Opel, Kraft, Gatorade, Symantec, Breil, Oxydo, Medusa Cinema, Bionike, Debby, Repubblica di San Marino, Istat. He is one of the most known Italian street photographers and since 2014 he is Leica Ambassador and Leica Akademie Instructor.
I was born in a family who imparted to me the passion for photography since I was a child and when I received the first compact camera as a present, I decided that I would have become a professional photographer! After high school diploma in visual arts, I worked as assistant at some photographers' studios, then I achieved a professional photographer degree at IIF in Milan, and finally I made my dream come true: I opened my own photographer studio. While I'm taking photos I love to capture people's emotions and then illustrate their stories through pictures in which simplicity and feelings are the main values. Empathy is the key that lets me enter in special people's world.
I take photos with the same faith as when I began, thirty years ago: that faith as you wait for a latent image to develop, first in your mind's eye, and then on the film. I love light and shadows, shapes and the images they can create: I continue to firmly believe in the "Pencil of Nature" that so fascinated the remarkable William Fox Talbot. With unbounded enthusiasm I developed my knowledge of photography by attending the John Kaverdash Academy of Photography in Milan, constantly reading books, taking part in workshops and experimenting, until achieving my dream in 2009: becoming a professional photographer. I love reading, the mountains, music and nature, all deap-rooted passion.
Born in 1957 in Lausanne (CH), he began his career as a politically involved photoreporter. Masterly mixing portrait, reportage and fashion, he contributed to define the image of magazines such as Amica, Max, Sette, Italian and Vanity Fair, and started to export his work overseas, shooting for magazines such as Brutus Japan, Navi, Wallpaper, Du, and Mademoiselle. He received the Art Director Club award for creativity in portrait photography. Diesel, Fred Perry, Lierac, Heineken, Ducati, Volkswagen, Pirelli and Martini are only few brands out of his consolidated advertising client list. His photographs have been largely exhibited in galleries and museums, both in Italy and abroad.
When you look at a photograph you do not just see a shot, but the man's ability to stop time with a simple creation.
Clara Vannucci is an Italian documentary photographer mostly focused on Criminal Justice System. With Crime and Redemption, a reportage about theatre in Volterra's prison, she shows how the method of acting in prison can be a useful tool to changing the way the criminal mind works. In NYC, she took pictures in the Rikers Island Jail. She has been awarded a residency at FABRICA, where she developed her third project about the criminal justice system: Bail Bond. She is represented by Daria Bonera DB for Corporate and Advertising and she's freelance for several magazines and newspapers, mostly covering editorial, commercial and travel assignments.
I am an italian professional wedding photographer. I love my job! I like to entwine the compositional elegance of the classic style with the spontaneity of the modern reportage. My pictures are stolen moments, they talk about emotions, details and situations to be felt inside the flowing of the time. Every single couple is unic and I love to write its story by my photography. I took a degree in two Photography Master Courses (Fashion Photography; Digital Post-production) and, in 2015, I was selected and published as one of the best portrait photographers inside the worldwide community of Strobox. I am registered with the Italian National Association of Photographers (TAU Visual).


text:
Spätzle or spaetzle (German for a type of noodle) is an evolutionarily-conserved arthropod protein first identified in Drosophila melanogaster. It plays a role in embryonic development and in the insect innate immune response. The name was coined by the Nobel laureate Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard after the Spätzle noodle-like form of homozygous mutant fly larvae.

Structure
Spätzle has a cystine knot structure supported by disulfide bridges, is glycosylated, and naturally forms a homodimer. Multiple forms are produced by alternative splicing. It is produced as a preprotein, and needs to be activated by a serine protease called . The signal sequence spz[1-25] is first cleaved, followed by the spz[26-220] fragment, leaving the final spz[221-326] (Spaetzle C-106) part as the mature protein.

Function
Homodimeric spz binds to a dimeric toll receptor in fruit flies and related organisms, thus activating the signaling cascade.

Embryonic development
A ligand of the toll pathway, spz is involved in the formation of the dorso-ventral axis in embryonic development.

References

__notoc__
Drosophila melanogaster genes

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Tameriah "the Golden Girl" Barney-Sandy is an up and coming boxer. Her mobs are Wakka Wakka, Mununjali, Kullalli, Wooperburra, and Bunjalung.
Tameriah has also represented Queensland against New Zealand.
She hopes to compete in both the Commonwealth Games and Olympics in the future.
Favourite healthy meal: Coconut curry chicken with rice.
Favourite exercise: Punching a boxing bag.


Tiny little hack to transfer objects conforming to JDBC's ResultSet interface into objects conforming to W3C's DOM Document interface.
In essence the application transforms arbitrary query results generated by JDBC into XML documents and matching XML Schema instances.
Query your database using JDBC.
Note: Although, the example uses the DOM implementation shipped with SUN's JDK and connects to the database using MySQL's Connector/J JDBC-complaint driver the methods called to create the DOM trees operate solely on standardized interfaces. Hence, they are compatible to all DOM and JDBC compliant implementations.


Does that make you an Easter Lily?
OMD! You are too cute in that basket surrounded by Easter grass, Lily!
Oh, you make a FABulous Easter gift gurl!
We hope the Easter Bunny is delivering THAT Easter basket to our home.
Great place to wait out the big guy.
Will the Easter Bunny bring us a Lily too??
What an adorable Frenchie-Bunny in that basket!!!!!!
cutest Easter basket I have ever seen!
We seriously LOVE this!! You have the very best ideas!! Happy Easter to you and your family!
Awwww Happy Easter to you too! We had a great time last Sunday! Have fun!


text:
TRIPOD ZHIA WINE CUP IN BRONZE
Xia / Shang / Zhou Dynasties (2100 - 256 BC)
Height: 21 cm (8.2'') - Length: 17.3 cm (6.8") - Width: 9.5 cm (3.7")
Bronze ritual object used in the worship of the ancestors with a nice even green patina. Tripod with triangular legs, vase with double spout and flared lips, set with two knobs in the shape of mushrooms serving as grips. Design with a register typical of that period with geometrical decorations, finely chiselled with Leiwen motif. The shape of these vases derives from the Longshan style dating around 2000/1600 B.C and Erlitou 1700/1550 B.C Perfect state of preservation very pleasant thick, evenly green patina due to the considerable presence of brass in the alloy.
The third Chinese dynasty originally comprised barbaric nomads who settled in the 11th cent. BC and whose capital was Xian. This period sees the arrival of a luxuriant geometric style that went as far as abstraction. Zhou people distinguished themselves from their predecessors by the profusion of religious utensils that they produced. This type of vase had a perfectly codified shape that was intended to warm the wine, better described as a spicy seed alcohol. This tripod bronze is a ritual object used in the worship of the ancestors, the shape is slender with triangular shaped legs, and it has double spout and flared lips. The two knobs in the shape of mushrooms would serve as grips. The design with a register is typical of that period as it favours geometrical decorations. This piece has been finely chiselled with Leiwen motifs obtained after a work on the fusion made with the method of the moulded parts. The shape of these vases derives from the Longshan style dating around 2000/1600 BC and Erlitou 1700/1550 B.C. These Zhia vases are today sought after by many museums.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Andrew Tate Has Been Arrested in Romania
Just days after Greta Thunberg shut down his attempt to brag about his carbon emissions on Twitter, influencer Andrew Tate has been arrested. The BBC confirmed the news on Dec. 30, reporting that Tate will be detained for 30 days due to allegations of human trafficking and rape. Authorities have accused Tate and his brother Tristan, along with two men from Romania, of leading "an organized crime group," according to the outlet.
"We are not at a stage where guilt or innocence is proven. For now we only discuss preventive measures," Tate's lawyer Eugen Vidineac said outside the court in Bucharest, per the BBC. Reps for Tate did not immediately respond to POPSUGAR's request for comment.
The arrest follows a viral exchange that occurred between Tate and Thunberg on Dec. 27, when Tate – who has been banned from many social media platforms for misogynistic content – decided to let Thunberg know how many cars he owns. He tagged Thunberg in his post and wrote, "Please provide your email address so I can send a complete list of my car collection and their respective enormous emissions."
In a reply that has since racked up over 2.5 million likes, Thunberg wrote, "yes, please do enlighten me. email me at smalldickenergy@getalife.com."
Initially, all Tate had to say to Thunberg's reply was, "How dare you?!" The next day, he shared a video of himself smoking a cigar while sitting in front of a few pizza boxes. In it, he likened Thunberg's climate work to "trying to stop the sun from being hot."
Tate, a motivational speaker whose self-help approach has mostly consisted of him telling men to be more aggressive, has long been active in far-right circles, per The Independent. In 2016 he was cast in the show "Big Brother," but was banished from the house after a video emerged of him beating a woman with a belt, according to The Guardian. Over the past few years, he has garnered a horde of followers as his popularity on social media has skyrocketed. In his videos, he has shared views including the belief that women are property and belong in the home and that 18 and 19-year-old women are the best to date because they are more impressionable and will have slept with fewer people, to name a few.
He has been banned from Instagram, Facebook, TikTok, and YouTube, but he has since been reinstated to Twitter by Elon Musk and has remained popular on TikTok, where videos of him have amassed 11.6 billion views, according to The Guardian. In July, Tate's name was reportedly searched on Google more times than Kim Kardashian or Donald Trump's. This fall, teachers began raising the alarm, with some saying that many of their male students were parroting Tate's misogynistic, often violent viewpoints.
Thunberg, known for her ongoing weekly climate strikes, is also known for her ability to deliver searing diatribes against corruption as well as the occasional expert clapback. Meanwhile, in October, she published "The Climate Book," which threads together climate solutions from over 100 historians, philosophers, and economists, and in November, the 19-year-old Nobel Peace Prize nominee sued Sweden over its inadequate climate action.
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So you want to go to college? Then you're going to need a winning entrance essay that will knock the socks off any admissions officer. What a daunting and stressful task! Hours and hours of staring at a blank page, pondering over your whole life and that horrid question only a few ever answer correctly. Why should you be admitted to blah, blah university? Well, stress no more! Here is four ways to write an entrance essay without the effort.
Take your time: Why rush something this important? Take the time to really think about the field you are going into. Think about what got you interested in that particular field and how you really feel about the field. This will also help you answer the question: Why should you be admitted to blah, blah university?
Write a web-plot: Writing out plot or plan, will help organize your thoughts. Put your thesis or main point, in the center of the plot. You can branch out all the things you want to talk about from the main point. Talk about your successes in high school, any awards that were won pertaining to your interest in your chosen field, and lastly, talk about what you might be able to contribute.
Don't sell yourself short: Even if you think you've done nothing astounding that would impress admissions, just be yourself and let your hard work speak for itself. If you've kept good grades and worked hard, then you already have something astounding to build upon. Look around in your community. You might find something within the community, of which you could volunteer for. This will add to your repertoire of impressive achievements.
Ask for advice: Well you're not the only person going to college, right? So it might not be a bad idea on asking your friends for some tips. Use good judgment, there's nothing worse than receiving bad advice.
In conclusion, writing something as important and life altering as this, can be challenging. Just remember to stay relaxed, take your time and really think, keep your thoughts organized, stay positive about your personal strengths, and most importantly, don't give up. Even if you don't get into the college of your dreams, there are still plenty of great colleges to attend. You might just find one you like better.


text:
DU Home » Latest Threads » Forums & Groups » Topics » Race & Ethnicity » Race & Ethnicity (Group) » A professor spoke about w...
Sat Oct 12, 2019, 02:15 AM
Eugene (47,167 posts)
A professor spoke about whiteness at Georgia Southern University. Students burned her book.
Chris Quintana, USA TODAY Published 6:48 p.m. ET Oct. 10, 2019 | Updated 7:45 p.m. ET Oct. 11, 2019
A Latina author challenged students at Georgia Southern University to think about their whiteness. Some of them refused, and burned copies of her book instead. Andit's 2019.
Jennine Capó Crucet, an author and professor at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, was at the university to give a talk for a reading series for first-year students. Her book, Make Your Home Among Strangers, is about a Hispanic girl from a poor family who has been accepted into a selective college in New York.
During a question-and-answer session, some students questioned why the author had been critical of white people.
"I noticed that you made a lot of generalizations about the majority of white people being privileged," one student said, according to the student newspaper, The George-Anne.
-snip-
Read more: https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/education/2019/10/10/race-latinx-author-georgia-southern-university-burning-book/3933292002/
Source: Atlanta Journal-Constitution
UPDATE: Ga. Southern book burning sparks outrage, calls for civility
EDUCATION Oct 10, 2019
By Eric Stirgus
Georgia Southern University student leaders, faculty and its president aimed Friday to unite the school and distance it from widespread condemnation of video of a small group of students burning copies of a guest author's book after an address earlier this week.
"(W)hile it's within the students' First Amendment rights, book burning does not align with Georgia Southern's values nor does it encourage the civil discourse and debate of ideas," the university's president, Kyle Marrero, said in a message Friday afternoon to students, employees and faculty. "Yes, I wish our students had engaged in a reasoned discussion. And yes, I wish these discussions had not deteriorated or led to broad generalizations that paint an ugly picture about our university."
The author, Jennine Capó Crucet, was invited to the university's main campus in Statesboro Wednesday evening to discuss her new book, "My Time Among the Whites: Notes From an Unfinished Education," as part of the school's orientation program for first-year students.
Crucet, an American-born daughter of Cuban immigrants, said she was asked to speak about diversity and the college experience. She discussed white privilege during the meeting. A white, female student questioned her credentials to discuss such topics, sparking a heated exchange among students, Crucet said in a one-page statement Friday.
Read more: https://www.ajc.com/news/local-education/reports-georgia-southern-students-burn-speaker-book-after-lecture/PGT1gBndPgXf5e9XUsE2UI/
A professor spoke about whiteness at Georgia Southern University. Students burned her book. (Original post)
Eugene Oct 2019 OP
How dare their white privilege be challenged... (⊙_⊙)?
Soph0571 Oct 2019 #1
Response to Eugene (Original post)
Soph0571 (6,060 posts)
1. How dare their white privilege be challenged... (⊙_⊙)?
White privilege can be very bad tempered. And when it gets testy very bad things can happen..
Know where we have seen book burning before...
Hhhhmmmmm....
Race & Ethnicity (Group)


text:
In addition to our Briefing Paper and blog series, the Observatory also produces various other written materials as categorised below.
Written evidence and consultation responses
Academic papers and reports
The Protocol on Ireland/Northern Ireland: The implications for Wales' external trade
Commissioned by the Welsh Government, this report identifies issues that may impinge directly or indirectly on the Welsh economy as a result of the adoption of the Protocol on Ireland/Northern Ireland as part of the Withdrawal Agreement and subsequent Bill.
Read: The Protocol on Ireland/Northern Ireland: The implications for Wales' external trade
Changing Lanes: The impact of different post-Brexit trading policies on the cost of living
Changing Lanes examines the impact two "no deal" Brexit scenarios – reverting to WTO 'most-favoured nation' (MFN) or unilaterally reducing all tariffs to zero – on prices and living standards.
The report finds that the average annual household spend would rise by £260, and that over three million families would experience price rises of over £500 a year. In addition, the research shows that poorer households would be most affected by a 'no-deal' scenario in which tariffs and prices rose.
See also: Changing Lanes Appendix
Our Briefing Papers provide a unique analysis of various elements of trade policy in the post-Brexit era. In reverse chronological order:
Briefing Paper 38
DESTRUCTION OF THE UNION: TOO HIGH A PRICE TO PAY FOR A US TRADE AGREEMENT
The importance of EU rules to maintaining open borders within Ireland has been at the centre of UK and EU negotiations. Yet what is less appreciated is the significance of those rules for achieving frictionless trade between England, Scotland and Wales. In this Briefing Paper, the authors highlight that leaving the EU could create new border trade barriers inside the UK, and opens up questions about how – and whether – the devolved nations will unite with England on external trade agreements. They argue that a US trade negotiation poses a serious threat to the unity of the United Kingdom because it would likely require changes to UK domestic legislation in very sensitive areas, including drug pricing and food safety regulation, which Scotland, with its large Remain-voting majority and stated desire to maintain alignment with EU regulation, would strenuously oppose. The authors argue that devolved nations should have a formal role in the setting of UK negotiating objectives, to ensure, among other things, that external trade agreements do not lead to internal trade barriers.
Read Briefing Paper 38: DESTRUCTION OF THE UNION: TOO HIGH A PRICE TO PAY FOR A US TRADE AGREEMENT
BREXIT FOOD SAFETY LEGISLATION AND POTENTIAL IMPLICATIONS FOR UK TRADE: THE DEVIL IN THE DETAILS
As set out in the EU Withdrawal Act (2018) the government's approach to Brexit is to transfer EU law into UK law and address any deficiencies in that law by secondary legislation.
This Briefing Paper examines post-Brexit food safety legislation and finds that the UK's post-Brexit safety rules fall short of the level of protection currently provided by the EU and, in some cases, they give ministers broad discretion to make future changes without full parliamentary scrutiny. This would provide a relatively clear path for a UK Prime Minister to overcome parliamentary opposition to any new trade agreements that cover agricultural and food products, such as US-UK FTA. Also, Brexit food safety legislation allows for devolution which could undermine both the UK's ability to undertake a unified approach to external trade agreements and also the maintenance of the UK's internal free movement of goods.
Read Briefing Paper 37 BREXIT FOOD SAFETY LEGISLATION AND POTENTIAL IMPLICATIONS FOR UK TRADE: THE DEVIL IN THE DETAILS
HAPPY CENTENNIAL BIRTHDAY UKEF: FIT FOR THE FUTURE?
Since the 2016 Brexit Referendum, the strategic importance of increasing UK exports to outside of the EU has been heightened in the pursuit of new sources of future national growth. With this aim, the UK Government has put renewed priority on developing the UK's export credit agency (UKEF) as a vital component of its new export strategy. Yet securing new export opportunities to support is increasingly challenging in the current trading environment of global export stagnation. Furthermore, although export credit support is seen as the fuel that powers the international trading system, in competing for overseas contracts there is a potential for governments to use public resources to provide unfair subsidies to exporting firms in the form of export financing.
This Briefing Paper examines the export credit support options open to UKEF, with specific reference to its international legal obligations under the OECD and the WTO. Leaving the EU will not change the UK's obligations under either, but the UK Government will make and defend its position towards official export credit support as a single country, rather than within a bloc. The paper examines the rationale for official export credit support, and the rationale for regulating any such public support, then focuses on the UK ECA – the UKEF – from within the current international market for official export credit support.
The paper concludes that in a changing financial and regulatory environment, there is a two-fold challenge for the UK government. First, it needs to identify new ways to promote economic efficiency and competitiveness while avoiding corporate welfare. This is necessary to secure UK export markets for UKEF to support, whilst respecting international rules on subsidies, ethical standards, and environmental, social, and human rights. Second, there is a need for collective action to regulate export subsidies effectively, which requires the UK to work with renewed effort internationally to develop more comprehensive rules for regulating official export credit support and promote competition in the international trading global system.
Read Briefing Paper 36 – HAPPY CENTENNIAL BIRTHDAY UKEF: FIT FOR THE FUTURE?
BREXIT AND GLOBAL VALUE CHAINS: 'NO-DEAL' IS STILL COSTLY
August 2019 – Authors: Ilaria Fusacchia, Luca Salvatici and L. Alan Winters
A great deal of attention has been devoted to the consequences of different forms of post-Brexit trade policy for UK exports. But focusing on the gross value of UK exports – e.g. the decline in exports of completed cars as the cost of exporting to the EU rises – is only part of the story because it misses the effects on the sectors and other countries that supply inputs into UK goods. In this Briefing Paper, the authors unpack value chains to identify which sectors and countries create the value that is embodied in UK flows of exports and imports, and hence to identify how the changes in trade induced by a 'No deal' Brexit will affect the value contributed (i.e. the incomes generated) by different sectors and countries.
Studying only the effects of 'No deal' on the costs of conducting goods trade, but following them throughout the British economy, the authors find that 'No deal' could reduce UK GDP by 4% relative to remain. Moreover, because of the decline in incomes and the fact that services are key inputs into manufactured exports, the incomes generated in services sectors would also be around 4% smaller.
Read Briefing Paper 35 – BREXIT AND GLOBAL VALUE CHAINS: 'NO-DEAL' IS STILL COSTLY
THE FUTURE OF UK-US TRADE: AN UPDATE
July 2019 – Authors: Peter Holmes, J. Brad Jensen, Emily Lydgate, Stephen Weymouth, Rorden Wilkinson, and L. Alan Winters
Within days of Mr Johnson becoming Prime Minister, President Trump announced that talks about a "very substantial" trade deal with the UK are under way. In this joint Briefing Paper with colleagues from Georgetown University and UKTPO fellows, we consider the effects that Brexit uncertainty is likely to have on the capacity of the UK to agree a deal with the US and ask whether a deal is politically even possible in the UK. We investigate key issues in negotiating a bilateral agreement: the backstop and the problems posed by the EU and US standards regimes. The paper also explores the prospects and pitfalls of the US Government guidelines for negotiations between the US and the UK; the US's potential strategic position on services and the declining importance of the UK and Europe as traditional places of spending for US multinational corporations especially in the areas of information technology soft- and hardware. Overall we conclude that while the governments involved see obvious political attractions in a UK-US free trade agreement, a quick and economically significant conclusion to the talks seems unlikely.
Read Briefing Paper 34 – THE FUTURE OF UK-US TRADE: AN UPDATE
WINNERS AND LOSERS FROM INTERNATIONAL TRADE: WHAT DO WE KNOW AND WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR POLICY?
July 2019 – Authors: Michael Gasiorek, Julia Magntorn Garrett and Ilona Serwicka
Economists have long argued, and with good justification, that international trade brings overall benefits to economies. However, increasing trade is likely to create losers as well as winners. As the UK prepares to leave the EU and have an independent trade policy it is important to understand how future trade agreements, or policy changes, may affect economic outcomes such as prices, productivity and output, and through these, individuals and regions.
In this Briefing Paper, the authors provide a conceptual background of how trade changes may result in winners and losers – be these consumers, workers, regions, or industries, and give an overview of what the empirical evidence tells us about how developed economies have adjusted to changes in trade. They also consider potential policy responses that could help losers from international trade adjust, and ensure that the winners can take advantage of the new opportunities created by trade liberalisation.
Read Briefing Paper 33 – WINNERS AND LOSERS FROM INTERNATIONAL TRADE: WHAT DO WE KNOW AND WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR POLICY?
Launch and Panel Discussion at British Academy, 18 July 2019
A POST-BREXIT GENERALIZED SYSTEM OF PREFERENCES FOR THE UK: HOW TO GUARANTEE UNCHANGED MARKET ACCESS FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES?
June 2019 – Author: Mattia Di Ubaldo
Post-Brexit, the UK will offer preferential market access to developing countries under a Generalized System of Preferences (GSP). To allow developing countries to export to the UK after it leaves the EU on the same terms as the present, the UK Government's plan is to replicate the GSP of the EU. This paper shows that simply rolling over the EU's GSP, in particular, the rules for preferences removal (graduation), will determine changes in market access due to the uneven distribution of developing countries' trade between the UK and the EU27 bloc. The country most affected would be India, which would lose trade preferences in the UK on a volume of trade worth approximately € 1.27 billion per year. Adjustments to the GSPs of both the UK and the EU, necessary to avoid the loss of trade preferences, are also discussed.
Read Briefing Paper 32 – A POST-BREXIT GENERALIZED SYSTEM OF PREFERENCES FOR THE UK: HOW TO GUARANTEE UNCHANGED MARKET ACCESS FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES?
CAN THE UK DO BETTER THAN JUST ROLLING OVER THE TRADE AGREEMENT WITH KOREA?
June 2019 – Authors: Julia Magntorn Garrett, Minako Morita-Jaeger and L. Alan Winters
In the case that the UK manages an orderly Brexit and has a transition period until the end of 2020, rather than just rolling over the existing agreements, what would be the possible options for future Free Trade Agreements?
In the case of a future UK-Korea deal, the UK could potentially negotiate a new FTA built on the Korea-EU FTA (KorEU) or negotiate a completely new FTA modelled on the Korea-US FTA (KORUS). Our comparative analysis of KorEU and KORUS in services reveals that the two agreements took very different approaches for services trade liberalisation. Both achieved "GATS-plus" liberalisation commitments from Korea. KORUS seems to have achieved slightly more than KorEU. However, KORUS is more complicated and less transparent than KorEU. It also contains more WTO-inconsistent features. The KORUS option would enable the UK to better pursue its own specific needs since it would not be directly bound by KorEU. On the other hand, the WTO-inconsistent aspects of KORUS would need to be avoided, based on a clear vision of UK's contribution towards the future multilateral trading system. Either way, the UK would face two stumbling blocks: the UK's lack of negotiating power and the Most Favoured Nation (MFN) clauses in KorEU and KORUS (and other FTAs involving Korea). Whatever the scenario, the UK Government is urged to build its trade negotiating capacities to cope with these challenges.
READ BRIEFING PAPER 31 – CAN THE UK DO BETTER THAN JUST ROLLING OVER THE TRADE AGREEMENT WITH KOREA?
OPINION 1/17: TOWARDS A MODERN EU APPROACH TO INVESTOR-STATE DISPUTE SETTLEMENT
May 2019 – Author: Erika Szyszczak
Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) mechanisms have been globally criticised as out-dated and inappropriate fora for the settlement of disputes involving States. Attempted reform is underway at the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Working Group III, at which the EU is a key player. The role of the EU as a significant moderniser of trade agreements will have implications for the UK in negotiating any future trade deals with the EU. For example, the consequences of the recent Opinion 1/17 on the legality of a new form of court system to handle investor-state disputes in the EU-Canada Agreement (CETA) are significant in analysing how the CJEU was persuaded to reach the conclusion that new judicial fora in international Treaties may be compatible with EU law. The litigation around the modern trade agreements of the EU is a warning signal that conducting trade agreements from scratch with the EU is not painless, with ratification potentially being very prolonged when there are challenges to the agreement at the national and EU level.
Read Briefing Paper 30 – Opinion 1/17: Towards A Modern EU Approach to Investor-State Dispute Settlement
DEAL OR 'NO DEAL'? THE ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF THE UK'S 'NO DEAL' TARIFFS
March 2019 – Authors: Michael Gasiorek and Julia Magntorn Garrett
This paper assesses the possible consequences of the Government's proposed No Deal tariff regime. While there have been numerous previous assessments of the economic impact of a 'No Deal', the tariff proposal by the UK Government provides a new set of tariffs which have not been assessed in the existing empirical literature. In this briefing paper, the authors explain carefully the Government's proposals and identify how much of UK trade would be affected by the changes in tariffs in a 'No Deal' scenario and provide an empirical assessment of the scale of the economic challenge which could face UK industries in the event of 'No Deal'. They find that a 'No Deal' Brexit will pose a significant challenge to the UK economy with a negative impact on output, exports and imports driven largely by the increased cost of trading with the EU. The results highlight that in the event of 'No Deal' the Government's room for policy manoeuvre is somewhat limited.
Read Briefing Paper 29 – Deal or 'No Deal'? The economic consequences of the UK's 'No Deal' tariffs
WHAT IS THE EXTRA MILEAGE IN THE REINTRODUCTION OF 'FREE ZONES' IN THE UK?
February 2019 – Authors: Ilona Serwicka and Peter Holmes
Since the EU referendum, there has been a growing interest in the reintroduction of free zones in the United Kingdom. Those advocating free zones believe that they will help to boost British trade after Brexit and promote economic growth. This briefing paper presents a history of free zones in the UK and US and then looks at the EU context. Although there are potential benefits and savings that businesses can accrue from simplified customs procedures and relief on customs duties and tariff inversion, the authors explain that such benefits will be very limited in the UK context. This is due to state aid rules which limit the scale of assistance possible. The UK would still be affected by these in some way post-Brexit. Thus, while there is a scope for free zones shaping an export-oriented place-based regional development programme, policymakers should devise measures that counteract possible diversion of economic activity from elsewhere, and offer a wider set of incentives than just free zones, while keeping within our WTO and any 'level playing field' obligations that arise from our trade agreements.
Read Briefing Paper 28 – What is the extra mileage in the reintroduction of 'free zones' in the UK?
EQUIVALENCE, MUTUAL RECOGNITION IN FINANCIAL SERVICES AND THE UK NEGOTIATING POSITION
January 2019 – Authors: Andy Tarrant, Peter Holmes and R. Daniel Kelemen
This briefing paper explores the likely content of a market access agreement for financial services between the UK and the EU. Despite the UK Government's early hopes that all trade issues could have been settled in the Withdrawal Agreement, the actual situation is that this Agreement addresses only those trade issues necessary to ensure an open Irish Border. The accompanying Political Declaration on the future relationship between the UK and the EU lays out some broad non-binding principles on which negotiations around financial services access are intended to proceed during the transition period, but important details are undefined. During the negotiation of the Political Declaration itself, some counter-briefing took place as to the meaning of some of these principles. The existence of such counter-briefing suggests that when these negotiations commence, the rules of access for UK financial services will again be a contentious issue. This paper uses what we know now to analyse the options that may emerge and the likelihood of their adoption.
Read Briefing Paper 27 – EQUIVALENCE, MUTUAL RECOGNITION IN FINANCIAL SERVICES AND THE UK NEGOTIATING POSITION
THE BREXIT BURDEN: A CONSTITUENCY LEVEL ANALYSIS FOR HAMPSHIRE AND SUSSEX
November 2018 – Authors: Ilona Serwicka, L. Alan Winters, Yi Jiang
This study focuses on the economic shocks that a 'no deal' Brexit would entail across the constituencies of Hampshire and Sussex. We take estimates of the effects of a 'no deal' Brexit on output and employment in different sectors of the UK economy and using the composition of employment in each constituency, estimate how each constituency will be affected. The novel feature of our analysis is that we allow for commuting and so convert the Brexit shock from referring to workers in a constituency to referring to residents in the constituency. With the South East region the most heavily engaged in cross-border trade, after allowing for the fact that people often live and work in different places, we estimate that the shock to residents of Hampshire and Sussex could be equivalent to the loss of about 43,000 jobs. Given that Brexit decisions will ultimately be taken on the floor of the House of Commons, this Briefing Paper provides a base from which Hampshire and Sussex MPs can start to assess the impact of Brexit on their constituents.
Read Briefing Paper 26 – THE BREXIT BURDEN: A CONSTITUENCY LEVEL ANALYSIS FOR HAMPSHIRE AND SUSSEX
See also: Online Appendix and subsequent work repeating the exercise for the full list of 632 Parliamentary constituencies in Great Britain. A discussion of the (very slight) differences between this paper and the full results is here and the full results are in 'no deal' and 'soft deal' Brexit
MOST FAVOURED NATION CLAUSES IN EU TRADE AGREEMENTS: ONE MORE HURDLE FOR UK NEGOTIATORS
NOVEMBER 2018 – Authors: Julia Magntorn
This Briefing Paper provides a comprehensive overview of the EU's Most Favoured Nation (MFN) clauses on services and investment. It discusses their scope and the exceptions they contain, and then considers how these clauses are likely to limit the extent of concessions that the EU and its existing partners are prepared to grant the UK.
Read Briefing Paper 25 – MOST FAVOURED NATION CLAUSES IN EU TRADE AGREEMENTS: ONE MORE HURDLE FOR UK NEGOTIATORS
THE UK'S FUTURE SERVICES TRADE DEALS WITH NON-EU COUNTRIES: A REALITY CHECK
NOVEMBER 2018 – Authors: Minako Morita-Jaeger and L. Alan Winters
The UK government has high expectations about future services trade deals with non-EU countries. Yet, in practice, Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) typically only provide greater legal certainty about current applied policies rather than bringing about actual trade liberalization in services.This Briefing Paper looks at why it is so difficult to achieve actual liberalization in service negotiations and what FTAs, in practice, can offer. The authors argue that based on other countries' experiences, the UK government will face several significant challenges and complexities in negotiating services FTAs with non-EU countries. To make progress on FTAs, the UK government will need to encourage many bodies across government.
Read Briefing Paper 24 – THE UK'S FUTURE SERVICES TRADE DEALS WITH NON-EU COUNTRIES: A REALITY CHECK
NOT BACKING BRITAIN: FDI INFLOWS SINCE THE BREXIT REFERENDUM
OCTOBER 2018 – Authors: Ilona Serwicka and Nicolo Tamberi
The United Kingdom has historically been one of the main recipients of inward foreign direct investment (FDI), attracting more greenfield investment than other large European economies. However, the Brexit vote has introduced considerable uncertainty over the future growth potential of the UK market, and the ease of cross-border flow of goods and services. Following a peak of inward investment activity in early 2015, the number of FDI project announcements for the UK and the UK's share of the European market for FDI have been falling.
In this Briefing Paper, we provide an analysis of inward FDI to the UK before and after the EU referendum, looking at the main foreign investors, which sectors they invest in and how trends in inward FDI have evolved over time. Our work suggests that following the Brexit vote, inward investment has been 16-20 per cent lower than it would have been if the UK had voted to remain a member of the EU, but that this impact differs depending on the sector.
Read Briefing Paper 23 – NOT BACKING BRITAIN: FDI INFLOWS SINCE THE BREXIT REFERENDUM
THE ENGAGEMENT OF UK REGIONS IN MODE 5 SERVICES EXPORTS
SEPTEMBER 2018 – Authors: Ingo Borchert and Nicolo Tamberi
The UK is one of the most services-oriented economies in the world, both in terms of production and exports. Services inputs embodied in manufacturing exports constitute an important but under-appreciated kind of services exports, so-called mode 5 services trade. This Briefing Paper provides the first estimates of mode 5 services trade disaggregated by UK region and industry, respectively, and over time. UK manufacturing exports entailed over £70 billion worth of domestic services inputs in 2017, which play an integral role in the competitiveness of UK manufacturing exports. Since these services are produced locally, changes in the trading environment for manufactures have direct implications for domestic employment in services sectors.
Read Briefing Paper 22 – THE ENGAGEMENT OF UK REGIONS IN MODE 5 SERVICES EXPORTS
FISHING IN DEEP WATERS
JULY 2018 – Authors: Michael Gasiorek and Suzannah Walmsley
Leaving the EU will involve some possible combination of changes in tariffs, non-tariff measures, and also the amount of fish quotas that can be caught by the UK and the EU. The aim of the Briefing Paper is to detail the policy environment, and the policy considerations facing the UK government in the Brexit negotiations. Secondly, it provides an empirical assessment of what the impact on leaving the EU might be on the seafood industry. As the nature of the UK's future trade relations with the EU are still uncertain, this paper explores several simulations which aim, broadly speaking, to capture the key variants of Brexit that appear to be under discussion.
Read Briefing Paper 21 – Fishing in deep waters
THE FUTURE OF US-UK TRADE: WHAT CASE FOR A BILATERAL TRADE AGREEMENT?
July 2018 – Authors: Marc Busch, Michael Gasiorek, Peter Holmes, J. Brad Jenson, Rod Ludema, Emily Lydgate, Anna Maria Mayda, Pietra Rivoli, Jim Rollo, Stephen Weymouth, Rorden Wilkinson and L. Alan Winters.
Both US President Donald Trump and UK Prime Minister Theresa May have stated their keenness to negotiate and agree the groundwork for a bilateral trade agreement after Brexit. This briefing paper looks at what the key issues are likely to be and what a transatlantic agreement may, or may not, comprise. First, we explore the extent to which a trade agreement between the US and the UK would have popular support at a time when debate about trade on both sides of the Atlantic is contested. Second, we consider what the benefits of such an agreement might be by considering the aggregate economic case. Finally, we probe where problems and tensions may lie, focusing primarily on the regulatory aspects of a transatlantic commercial tie-up.
Read Briefing Paper 20 – The Future of US-UK Trade: What case for a bilateral trade agreement?
INTEGRATING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES INTO UK TRADE POLICY
May 2018 – Authors Emily Lydgate and Rob Amos
As the UK contemplates new trade agreements, it needs to develop mechanisms to ensure that these uphold its commitment to environmental protection and high labour standards. This paper examines approaches to integrating sustainable development objectives into the negotiating process and reflecting these objectives through trade agreements. The UK's ability to take leadership in this area will hinge on its ability to develop a robust framework to ensure that the negotiation process is transparent and allows for public consultation, and that the impact of new trade agreements – including on the environment and vulnerable populations – are assessed and addressed. In this respect, the UK can draw from, and improve upon, the EU's experience with Sustainability Impact Assessment. The paper also highlights implications of the UK's inheritance of the EU's 'cooperative approach' to trade and sustainable development through the continuation of its trade agreements.
Read Briefing Paper 19 – Integrating sustainable development objectives into UK trade policy
CAN CETA-PLUS SOLVE THE UK'S SERVICES PROBLEM?
March 2018 – Authors Julia Magntorn and L Alan Winters
In the search for a framework for a future UK-EU trade relationship, the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement between the EU and Canada (CETA) has come under the spotlight. To inform the debate surrounding a potential 'Canada plus' model for the UK post-Brexit, this briefing paper provides an overview of the extent to which the EU restricts imports of services from Canada under CETA. The authors identify areas where 'pluses' may help to preserve existing levels of services trade between the UK and the EU post-Brexit, and discusses whether these are achievable. Further, the extent to which the EU's commitments in CETA improve on pre-existing regimes is evaluated by comparing the degree of liberalisation in CETA with the EU's prior commitments in the GATS.
Read Briefing Paper 18 – Can CETA-plus solve the UK's services problem?
UK–EU TRADE RELATIONS POST BREXIT: BINDING CONSTRAINTS AND IMPOSSIBLE SOLUTIONS
March 2018 – Author, Michael Gasiorek
There is much discussion about what the UK government wants in terms of the post-transition relations between the UK and the EU, and the Labour party has now also provided a little bit more clarity on its position. However, to what extent are the different UK-EU Brexit options achievable? Dr Michael Gasiorek explores two key concerns. The first concerns the issue of the compatibility or not of the different UK-EU Brexit options, with the issue of the border between the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. The second issue concerns the subtleties of the difference between being in "the" EU Customs Union, in comparison to being in "a" customs union with the EU. While it might appear a small difference, in practices the differences may be substantial.The aim of this briefing paper is to consider what difference these developments make, to examine under what circumstances might the UK governments current position on future arrangements with the EU be possible (or not), and to offer some recommendations and reflections for the way forward.
Read Briefing Paper 17 – UK–EU trade relations post Brexit: binding constraints and impossible solutions
WHICH MANUFACTURING SECTORS ARE MOST VULNERABLE TO BREXIT?
February 2018 – Authors Michael Gasiorek, Ilona Serwicka and Alasdair Smith
Trade in manufactures constitutes 65% of the UK's trade with the EU and nearly 50% of the UK's exports of manufactures go to the EU. In this new Briefing Paper, we look at the possible effects of Brexit on UK manufacturing in much greater sectoral detail than has been done before. For 122 manufacturing sectors, we estimate the exposure of these sectors to different versions of Brexit. Our projections depend on whether we assume the UK leaves the Customs Union and the Single Market, and on whether the UK makes a free trade agreement with the EU and is able to carry over existing free trade agreements with non-EU countries. In all cases, we find that introducing tariff and non-tariff barriers raises the prices that UK consumers and producers will face, and leads to reduced UK exports; but for some sectors, the increase in protection leads to higher UK output. The impact of Brexit is likely to be significantly different between high-tech and lower-tech sectors.
Read Briefing Paper 16: Which Manufacturing Sectors Are Most Vulnerable to Brexit?
Read the online Appendix and Appendix 2 – Simulation Results
CERTIFICATES AND RULES OF ORIGIN: THE EXPERIENCE OF UK FIRMS
January 2018 – Authors Peter Holmes and Nick Jacob
Rules of Origin (RoOs) are used by importing Customs authorities in the international trading system to determine if a product is considered as sufficiently linked to the exporting country to count as originating there, in order apply preferential or MFN (Most Favoured Nation) rates of tariff to the goods, and to check for quota, anti-dumping and related compliance. The importance of RoOs is due to the fact that duties and restrictions in many cases depend upon the source of imports. Proving origin will be a far bigger issue than it is now for UK business exporting to the EU after Brexit. With all businesses likely to have to rethink their compliance with Rules of Origin post-Brexit, this paper, based on a study carried out with the support of the British Chambers of Commerce, outlines the current Certificates of Origin regime and the options for change after Brexit.
Read Briefing Paper 15- CERTIFICATES AND RULES OF ORIGIN: THE EXPERIENCE OF UK FIRMS and the Online Appendix
BREXIT AND REGIONAL SERVICES EXPORTS: A HEATMAP APPROACH
January 2018 – Authors Ingo Borchert and Nicolo Tamberi
The UK's exit from the European Union (EU) is likely to have significant ramifications for services trade because the Single Market has been particularly salient for facilitating the international exchange of services. Yet the discussion of potential effects on the British economy of Brexit has largely been confined to manufacturing sectors at the national level. Less attention has been paid to services sectors, even though the UK economy is particularly strong in exporting services. To address this void, this Briefing Paper describes the rich pattern by which UK regions are exporting different kinds of services. In particular, it traces the extent to which UK regions export services relatively intensively to EU countries relative to other destinations outside the EU.
Read Briefing Paper 14 – BREXIT AND REGIONAL SERVICES EXPORTS: A HEATMAP APPROACH and the Online Appendix.
GRANDFATHERING: WHAT APPEARS BILATERAL IS TRILATERAL
December 2017 – Authors: Michael Gasoirek and Peter Holmes
Rolling over the 37 Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) with more than 60 countries that the UK currently has through the EU will be a monumentally complicated task and one that needs to be completed by March 2019. This Briefing Paper outlines why it may not be easy to get agreement on grandfathering with the FTA partner countries, and why even if agreement could be reached it is unlikely that trade will continue on the same basis as previously. A key point which emerges is that with regard to several key issues – Rules of Origin (RoOs), Most Favoured Nation (MFN) clauses, mutual recognition, and tariff-rate quotas – grandfathering the agreements is unlikely to happen without some engagement or negotiation with the EU. Hence what you might think is a bilateral issue between the UK and a given FTA partner, becomes a trilateral issue which also involves the EU.
Read Briefing Paper 13 – GRANDFATHERING: WHAT APPEARS BILATERAL IS TRILATERAL
TRADE AND CONSUMERS AFTER BREXIT
November 2017 – Author: Peter Holmes
Consumers face many challenges post-Brexit. The new UK Trade White Paper published by the Department for International Trade in October 2017 has stated that it will give a major priority to consumers, but details remain to be spelled out. Increasing scepticism about free trade puts at risk the classic gains from trade – lower prices and better choice – and gives rise to fears of job losses from increased imports. On the other hand, some fear that Brexit – and potential trade agreements with third countries – will weaken or undermine consumer protection. In the addition to these substantive issues there are procedural questions too – how is consumer interest represented? This briefing paper addresses these issues of trade policy and consumer interests.
Read Briefing Paper 12 – TRADE AND CONSUMERS AFTER BREXIT
A UK BREXIT TRANSITION: TO THE UKRAINE MODEL?
November 2017 – Author: Erika Szyszczak
The UK is searching for a framework for its post-Brexit trade arrangements with the EU. A clean Brexit from the EU has always been unrealistic and the EU is limited in the kind of trade arrangements it offers to third countries. This briefing paper examines the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement (AA) suggesting how a similar agreement may offer a way forward for the UK-EU negotiations. The EU-Ukraine AA reveals that the EU is willing to adapt previous Agreements to new circumstances. A similar UK-EU Agreement could provide access to the Single Market, maintain inward investment incentives and provide an attractive location for establishment of firms and enterprises, especially in the services sector – an area the UK is keen to protect. For the UK, the adoption of this approach would require less unravelling of existing UK laws, but offer some room for independence in negotiating future issues.
Read Briefing Paper 11 – A UK BREXIT TRANSITION: TO THE UKRAINE MODEL?
CAN A UK-EU FREE TRADE AREA PRESERVE THE BENEFITS OF THE SINGLE MARKET AND THE CUSTOMS UNION IN SOME SECTORS?
September 2017 – Authors: Emily Lydgate and L. Alan Winters
The EU Customs Union and Single Market created a significant volume of trade between the UK and the EU and stimulated the development of European value chains.The UK government has stated its intention to leave the Single Market and Customs Union and this remains the position of the leadership of both main political parties. Yet both enable a degree of integration far exceeding that attainable through any simple tariff-free Free Trade Area (FTA). In this briefing paper we examine the possibilities for maintaining some of these benefits in key sectors. WTO rules are drafted and applied in such a way that the UK and the EU27 could design a WTO-consistent trade agreement that goes some way towards preserving current trading conditions in a subset of sectors. We discuss how this might be achieved and also some of the limitations that such an approach entails.
Read Briefing Paper 10 – AN A UK-EU FREE TRADE AREA PRESERVE THE BENEFITS OF THE SINGLE MARKET AND THE CUSTOMS UNION IN SOME SECTORS?
Briefing Paper 9
WILL BREXIT HARM UK AND GLOBAL WINE MARKETS?
May 2017 – Authors: Kym Anderson and Glyn Wittwer
The UK has accounted for a major share of the world's wine imports for centuries, and wine currently accounts for more than one-third of UK alcohol consumption. Its withdrawal from the European Union (Brexit) therefore will affect not only UK wine consumers, producers, traders, distributors and retailers but also suppliers of those imports. Based on a model of the world's wine markets, the impacts of various alternative Brexit scenarios are determined through to 2025, involving adjustments to UK and EU27 bilateral tariffs on wine imports and any changes to UK income growth and the value of the pound over the period of adjustment. The research finds that in the main scenario considered, for consumers in the UK the price of wine in 2025 is 22% higher in local currency terms than it would be without Brexit, the volume of UK wine consumption is 28% lower, and the value of UK imports is 27% lower because of Brexit. Such a sales reduction in the UK would be a blow to participants in UK wine bottling, transporting, storing, wholesaling and retailing businesses, as well as restaurants and pubs.
Read Briefing Paper 9 – WILL BREXIT HARM UK AND GLOBAL WINE MARKETS?
BREXIT AND GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT
March 2017 – Author: Kamala Dawar
This briefing paper looks at some of the legal issues that will affect the UK's public procurement laws and policies following Brexit. When the UK leaves the EU, it is unlikely to be able to simply rollover its current procurement coverage under the WTO Government Procurement Agreement. However, this opens up the possibility of pursuing horizontal policy objectives, such as promoting SME or green public procurement, which is possible under the WTO GPA obligations, but will also need to comply with other multilateral rules. Brexit could offer the UK the possibility to craft a procurement system flexible enough to incorporate the devolved procurement legislation, under the supervision of the Competition and Markets Authority. Such an integrated approach would be beneficial for value for money, legal clarity, and enforcement. It would help to ensure conformity to WTO commitments, while acting as a counterweight against fragmentation.
Read Briefing Paper 8 – BREXIT AND GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT
WORLD TRADE RULES AND THE POLICY OPTIONS FOR BRITISH AGRICULTURE POST-BREXIT
January 2017 – Author: Alan Swinbank
EU policies have directly influenced UK food supplies and prices, the profitability of farm businesses, and the rural environment and land use. While Brexit offers the UK an opportunity to design a more efficient agricultural policy that would benefit farmers and the environment, this new policy could have possible implications for consumer prices and will have to conform to World Trade Organization (WTO) rules. This Briefing Paper explores the issues around existing and continuing support for farm businesses and the rural environment, and the UK's future agri-food trade relations.
Read Briefing Paper 7 – WORLD TRADE RULES AND THE POLICY OPTIONS FOR BRITISH AGRICULTURE POST-BREXIT
SERVICES TRADE IN THE UK: WHAT IS AT STAKE?
November 2016 – Author: Ingo Borchert
Trade in services is economically significant for several reasons; it directly affects UK consumers' welfare in such sectors as telecommunications, health or retail distribution; producer services such as finance, transportation or professional services are inputs into both the production and international exchange of goods; and it makes a positive contribution to the UK's current account. Brexit will have important repercussions for the UK's economic ties with the EU in the realm of services markets. This paper highlights how Brexit might directly and indirectly affect UK services trade and policy-making in this area.
Read Briefing Paper 6 – SERVICES TRADE IN THE UK: WHAT IS AT STAKE?
UK-EU TRADE RELATIONS POST BREXIT: TOO MANY RED LINES?
November 2016 – Authors: Michael Gasiorek, Peter Holmes, Jim Rollo
This briefing paper provides an evaluation of the feasibility of different options for post-Brexit trade relations. With the EU accounting for close to 50% of the UK's imports and exports of goods and services, the focus in this paper is on the UK's future trading relations with the EU itself. Whilst all of the options listed in this paper are problematic, the aim is to examine the limitations of what may be feasible and – in so doing – to suggest a way, or ways, forward. Given that the UK's objectives take the form of seeking to impose certain constraints on the post-Brexit outcome, we look at the extent to which each option is consistent with these 'red lines'.
Read Briefing Paper 5 – UK-EU TRADE RELATIONS POST BREXIT: TOO MANY RED LINES?
TRIGGERING ARTICLE 50 TEU A LEGAL ANALYSIS
October 2016 – Authors: Erika Szyszczak and Emily Lydgate
Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU) will govern the UK's withdrawal from the EU. Several aspects of the interpretation and application of Article 50 TEU pose particular challenges, including domestic controversy regarding the constitutional requirements for triggering Article 50 TEU, the short time-span of negotiation, and the uncertain role for the UK in trade negotiations with the EU and the rest of the world during the withdrawal process. This paper outlines these issues, focusing in particular on the EU and international trade dimensions of withdrawal, in order to provide clarity and highlight potential pitfalls affecting both the EU and the UK.
Read Briefing Paper 4 – TRIGGERING ARTICLE 50 TEU A LEGAL ANALYSIS
ROOS AND RULES: WHY THE EEA IS NOT THE SAME AS MEMBERSHIP OF THE SINGLE MARKET
October 2016 – Author: Peter Holmes
This briefing paper summarises two issues that a post-Brexit United Kingdom would face if it re-joined the European Economic Area (EEA). It introduces the concept of the EEA+EU as a 'regulatory union' within which products, once approved in one country, can circulate freely. Secondly, Rules of Origin (RoOs) — which in effect specify the domestic share of value-added — would need to be adhered to, raising concerns about the viability of supply chains with UK links.
Read Briefing Paper 3 – ROOS AND RULES: WHY THE EEA IS NOT THE SAME AS MEMBERSHIP OF THE SINGLE MARKET
THE UK TRADE LANDSCAPE AFTER BREXIT
September 2016 – Authors: Emily Lydgate, Jim Rollo, Rorden Wilkinson
This paper discusses the challenges for the UK as it attempts to redefine and renegotiate its post-Brexit foreign trading relationships. This briefing makes the assumption that the UK will not, after leaving the EU, remain part of the customs union. On this basis, the paper examines the nature of such trade negotiations; the scale of the negotiating tasks confronting the UK; and potential approaches that may reduce the immediate negotiating load. It also identifies the countries that should be prioritized for trading negotiations, and examines the likely resources that will be required to undertake these.
Read Briefing Paper 2 – THE UK TRADE LANDSCAPE AFTER BREXIT
THE WORLD TRADE ORGANISATION: A SAFETY NET FOR A POST-BREXIT UK TRADE POLICY?
July 2016 – Authors: Jim Rollo, Ingo Borchert, Kamala Dawar, Peter Holmes, L. Alan Winters
By electing to leave the European Union, the United Kingdom has chosen – among many other things – to leave the customs union (and the single market that includes all member states) and reassert its status as an individual member of the World Trade Organisation (WTO). In doing so, it will take sole responsibility for the control and governance of its external trade policy with all other WTO members (including the EU) within the framework of WTO rules. This paper explores the nature of those WTO commitments and how they might impact the UK from the date of its exit from the EU.
Read Briefing Paper 1 – THE WORLD TRADE ORGANISATION: A SAFETY NET FOR A POST-BREXIT UK TRADE POLICY?
Turning a new leaf? UK Trade Policy after Brexit
Professor L Alan Winters, Lord O'Donnell and Amar Breckenridge discuss the future of UK trade policy in a Trade Knowledge Exchange Webinar, recorded on 20 July 2018.
Listen to the full recording of the session.
Read a digest of the webinar in 'Five things to know about UK Trade Policy after the White Paper'.
Determining goods at risk
How much is a Free Trade Agreement with the US worth to the UK economy?
Parties' election promises on trade are incoherent and unachievable
EU tariffs could cover 75% of imports of goods into Northern Ireland
Get Brexit done: An oven-ready Brexit?
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My plan is to retire at 40. That doesn't mean to stop working, it means to stop working for other people. I want to be financially independent so I can do whatever it is that interests me ... which of course may still be to try and earn a decent amount of money at the same time! At least I'll be enjoying whatever it is I choose to do :-) This blog is about my journey towards that goal. Wish me luck!
Earlier, I posted about 5 Ways to De-Clutter and Simplify Your Life but in December, we're going to take this to the next level.
Being surrounded by material possessions weighs heavily on our minds. Sometimes I wonder how big the next place I move to should be just to fit all these things in. I wonder why I keep those DVDs on my shelf that I haven't watched in ages. My wardrobe, whilst not big could do with a trim. And all those other empty appliance boxes, folders of papers and books I haven't touched in a while just sit there staring at me.
And all the time, I think about doing something about these things.
Over time, people generally acquire lots of stuff. Each time they move, they shift it with them and since the new place is bigger, it's easier to acquire even more stuff and have it diffuse into the house like all the other belongings.
A spring clean every now and again removes parts of it, either to the charity shop or the rubbish dump but mostly, it just gets dusted and put back. Those things that haven't been used in a year or so but still being kept for the sake of it.
I've managed to do this with a few things since I downsized to my newer smaller flat but I still have lots of stuff, everywhere, all over the place. It'd be nice if this wasn't the case and I could actually get rid of a lot of it.
This December, I challenge you to start filtering through all those secret cupboards you have left closed for eternity, those drawers that seem completely jammed and those cardboard boxes in the attic or garage that haven't seen the daylight since the turn of the Millennium. Just a little bit here and there will make a huge difference. How much? 15-30 minutes a day. That's not much but, as with Personal Finance, many small changes add up to a large difference over the long term.
Not only that, but once you've filtered your possessions you'll find it hard going back and acquiring more stuff. This not only helps your peace of mind but also your wallet.
A friend told me the other day that she has three piles: Keep, Charity and Throw Out. This sounds like a good plan since then you know exactly what you're doing with every single item you find.
You might like to add a Sell pile too but this is your choice. Maybe you have a Give to Nephew pile or a Recycle pile and of course, you may have others but the best way to do it is to keep it simple. Also, as and when you look at each item from that cupboard, drawer or box, make a decision there and then as to what you're going to do with it. The worst thing you can do is decide to decide later.
Whatever you do, do not have a pile called Don't Know since that will just assimilate back into that stuff you didn't actually know you owned. After all, the point of this exercise if to get rid of things, not just shift them to another location in the house.
As I said, pick up each item and put it into one of the definitive piles. That way, when you look at it in the future, you know exactly what you're going to do with it (assuming you haven't already done something with it already).
By doing just a little bit every single day, you'll be amazed at how quickly you can get through your stuff. I shall be taking this challenge and posting one or two updates throughout the month so we can compare notes on how we're doing.
You might wonder if December is a good time for doing this since it is a very busy time of year but I suspect that this will work out well for even the busiest house host. Instead of leaving all of your tidying up until a week before Christmas and New Year then just start now and see where you are in two weeks. I suspect if you did a bit every day until mid-December you'd be more ship-shape than if you left it until later.
So what are you waiting for? Get sorting through that stuff and let's have a clear, clean, stress-free and simple Christmas and New Year.
And remember to let me know how you're getting on in the comments, state that you're partaking in the challenge and blog about it so we can spread the word.
I don't agree with not having a "don't know" pile.
What I think the problem is the execution. When you create a don't know pile, you need to seal it up and date it. Come back to it in six months, and if you haven't used the stuff in there, sell them or donate them.
This is a great option for a person like me who thinks I'm going to use everything again "sometime". Its been quite a shock at just how little I've needed out of my "don't know" box in three six month rounds. I've only opened the box once to remove two items. The rest - they're outta here!
I think everyone has to adjust the clutter management system a little. I have a keep, sell, charity system as well as my "don't know" box. Sell is for anything going on craiglist and if it doesn't go there, freecycle and the charity pile.
Good point and I do like the idea of having a date on the "Don't Know" pile. I might be persuaded to try this though I suspect I'd probably end up with everything in this pile.
Certainly that's another idea to add to the collection for when people are deciding their own technique for "clutter mnagement".
If You Lost Your Job, Would You be Okay?
Are you Managing Your Lifestyle Inflation?
Does your Bank have a Broken Business Model?
Disclaimer: Retire-at-40 is a personal finance journey of a regular guy, with a regular job doing regular things. He is not a finance professional so important decisions readers might choose should not rely on this information alone (if at all). It is the recommendation of the author to seek professional advice from a financial adviser when making any finance decisions.


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Apple iPhone X Successor Might be the Cheapest Offering by the Company in 2018
Apple is likely to launch three iPhone models in fall this year. This will include a 6.5-inch OLED model, a 6.1-inch OLED model and a 5.85-inch OLED variant. While e....
Apple Plans to Launch an Entry-Level MacBook This Year
Apple is gearing up to launch an entry-level MacBook variant in the latter half of this year. Reports suggest this might be during the company's developer conferen....
As a part of a new Valentine's Day deal, Apple iPhone 6 and iPhone SE will be available on cashback of up to Rs.7,000, while a Rs.10,000 cashback is available for ....
Apple to Launch its Cheapest 9.7-Inch iPad in 2018
Apple is gearing up to launch an affordable 9.7-inch iPad next year, according a DIGITIMES report. The company is expected to introduce the 2018 version at a cost of....
After months of planning and anticipation, I've finally got my hand's on the Apple Watch Series 3 GPS 42mm. It's amazing how the Apple ecosystem of softwar....
Apple iPhone X to be Launched in India on November 3, Pre-Booking Starts October 27
Apple's 10th anniversary smartphone, iPhone X, can be pre-booked in India, starting October 27, prior to the device hitting the market on November 3. Major ecommer....
Apple Sued for Animoji Feature in iPhone X
Apple's iPhone X, to be released in November 2017, is in troubled waters. A Tokyo-based software company, Emonster, which is the owner of the "Animoji" tra....
The Two Recent Apple Updates Every User Should Know About
For Apple users who had been disappointed with the iTunes 12.7 update, here's something to rejoice. The company has launched iTunes 12.6.3, which retains features ....
Flash news: iPhone 8 X leaks before release date
Somebody at Apple almost certainly leaked a huge set of details about the next iPhone, according to reports. Over the weekend, details emerged about how the new phon....
Apple's iPhone 8 expected to release on 12 September
It is most likely that Apple is going to continue with its tradition of releasing its phones in the month of September as the iPhone 8 is expected to release on the ....


The Intersegmental General Education Transfer Curriculum (IGETC) education plan makes it difficult for a student to transfer to a UC or CSU because students can lose interest in college.
The current IGETC plan either shouldn't be required for students to follow or needs to be hugely reworked. The IGETC plan has seven areas that contain a whole mess of courses students need to not only take, but pass with a satisfactory letter grade.
Area 5A is the "Physical Science" section in the IGETC plan and it contains Astronomy, Chemistry, Oceanography, and other physical science courses. For instance, if a student is an English major and took a chemistry course, does the student really need to know the elements of the periodic table? This can lead to the student to not be interested in the course and the student is taking the course in order to transfer.
According to livescience.com, 75 percent of students reported that they are bored at school because the material being taught at school is not interesting. It's a waste of time and money for students who take unnecessary classes they don't need.
Rather than an English major taking physical science courses, the student should instead take courses that support their major.
Instead of chemistry, a student could take more writing classes such as journalism or philosophy.
Sure, there are areas that contain English and writing classes, but why not just replace all the unnecessary courses with classes that aid the student's major? This would help boost interest in students.
They would be taking classes they enjoy and need for their major. According to Scholarships.com, the first main tip for passing college classes is to "take classes you're interested in." Students take classes in high school and some of the courses are similar to the IGETC plan.
According to the AP Students website, the high school AP Chemistry course shares identical ideas and science practices to the "Chemistry 101" (General Chemistry I) course at Pierce College.
When students are not interested in a class, they lose motivation and the desire to learn. This can lead students to fail the class, then not completing the IGETC plan and finally not even being able to transfer and complete their major.
If a student struggles in a particular subject, they wouldn't choose their major that involves that difficult course. Suppose a student struggles in "Area 5A" in the IGETC plan which is the "physical science" courses.
If the current IGETC plan stays active, then more and more students will be taking irrelevant courses. Some students may never be able to transfer just because unnecessary courses exist in the IGETC plan.
The IGETC plan can be reworked by just by removing courses that students don't need and instead make students take courses that are similar to their college major so students can enjoy the courses they are taking. The required units to transfer should still be 60 units, but those 60 units of classes should be specified courses for the student's pathway.


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Home Articles Transfers Aston Villa Warned Not to Haggle Over Nante midfielder Jordan Veretout
Aston Villa Warned Not to Haggle Over Nante midfielder Jordan Veretout
If you've being following Aston Villa's latest venture into the French Ligue 1 market, you'll know two things about their pursuit of Nante midfielder Jordan Veretout. One is the Nante president likes to talk to the French media and secondly Leicester have reportedly made a bid beyond what Villa have offered to muddy the waters.
It's thought that the all-action midfielder Veretout, would be Villa's best French league purchase yet, if they are able to pull it off.
After looking like it was plain sailing to capture the services of the player, Leicester City are reported to have offered at least a couple of million more to crowbar the player from Villa's grasp.
Judging from Nante president Waldemar Kita latest comments though, it's possible that mention of the Foxes supposed bid maybe a ruse to pressure Villa into completing the deal.
"They (Aston Villa) are haggling on certain details," said Kita in the French newspaper L'Équipe. "They need to be careful because if they continue to haggle they might lose the player from right under their noses.
"They have until this evening to take a decision," he added.
At the moment Kita is reported to be happy to back the player's wish for a move to Villa.
Kita said: "He has made his choice, and I am going to go in his direction. I'm set to lose €5m (by taking Villa's deal and not Leicester's). I am a pillock. I would have never thought I would have done anything other than try to raise the price, but I am not going to go against the boy. He is a boy who has never done us wrong, who played the game right until the end, contrary to others, who did not sulk."
Whether it's all smoke and mirrors remains to be seen, but at least it gives Villa fans a good insight to the temperament of Veretout, who certainly doesn't sound like a 'le sulk' type of French player.
With Villa's other new French Ligue legion, the size of the club and their profile being lifted with their two trips to Wembley in the FA Cup last season, you'd be surprised if Veretout chose Leicester over Villa.
If Villa want to spend time haggling, it's probably best to do that with Spurs over the wages of Emmanuel Adebayor!
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Mug Handle Jul 30, 2015 At 8:14 pm
Need to make a statement of intent and bring him in. Clubs with European football are monitoring him, lesser teams will pay more, he is quality in lg 1, has a good attitude, and wants to join, No brainer.
Though after Ade (assuming it's a DD) I wonder if we might stop till we clear some dead wood. Cissokho, Hutton, Ndog, Cole, Senderos, please go. Baker you get one more shot. And we got youngsters to come thru, Gardner and Robinson.need game time.
Benno Jul 30, 2015 At 3:41 am
Really hope we sign this lad. We definitely need to bolster our midfield. I also hope Adebayor prices himself out of a deal! He is the last thing we need, even on a loan deal.
Otherwise, things are lookin good…especially if you think back to this time last year!
Ade on a loan is good business, he is quality when he can be bothered. Sherwood does make him bothered. He is more than CB20 in some ways, can pass a ball for instance.and is a proven PL goal scorer. Plus he can take the pressture off Ayew who on a Five year contract is seen to be the future for that position.
Even on 100k a week, we have paid that and more to the bomb squad before so is "disposable" in a way. (Hutton, Bent, and Ireland)
eldoradoslim Jul 29, 2015 At 5:22 pm
At this rate Sherwood will be making an offer for Katie Price by the end of the week.
Mark Cassidy Jul 29, 2015 At 12:45 pm
Get him in! I' m hoping Adebayor prices himself out – lazy & mercenary, not a team player.
Platypus Jul 29, 2015 At 12:45 pm
This lad looks good, but I wouldn't increase our bid to meet Leicester's, as sometimes you've just got to let others pay over the odds if they want.
I'd also love to know what the French for "pillock" is.
UTV1971 Jul 29, 2015 At 1:30 pm
Pilloche?


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The CEDAR Occasional Paper Series aims to initiate discussion about the role of practice and embodied knowledge in understanding issues of religion and public life. Contributors include CEDAR network alumni, staff, and associates who have been connected to the CEDAR experience and write from within their local contexts on issues of religion and public life. The papers seek to develop a space where the academic, religious, political, and development worlds intersect, yielding new insights into the challenges of everyday life and the need to live better with difference.
The views expressed in the CEDAR Occasional Papers are those of the individual authors and are intended both to generate discussion and to extend the CEDAR experience.
* Between 2008 and 2012 the CEDAR Occasional Paper Series was published as the ISSRPL Occasional Paper Series.