text:
\section{Introduction}
	\label{sec:intro}
	Redshift space distortion (RSD) caused  by peculiar velocities introduces a very distinct pattern in the observations of  large-scales structures (LSS) in the Universe. This is present in all  the LSS tracers where  distances  are inferred from  redshifts, e.g.  galaxies, quasars, the Lyman-$\alpha$ forest and the cosmological 21-cm signal. At large length scales coherent inflows into over-dense regions cause these to appear enhanced and squashed along the line of sight (LoS) direction whereas outflows from under-dense regions cause these to appear more under dense  and elongated along the LoS (Kaiser effect; \citealt{kaiser87}). At small length-scales, random motions cause the structures to appear elongated along the LoS (Finger of God effect; \citealt{jackson72-FoG}). The net effect is that the clustering pattern, which is expected to be statistically isotropic in real space (where the actual distances are known),  appears anisotropic relative to the LoS direction in redshift space (see \citealt{hamilton-98-rsd-review} for a review).

	The anisotropy of the redshift space two-point correlation function, or equivalently the power spectrum, is well studied in the literature. Considering a biased tracer,
	the redshift space power spectrum $P^s(\mathbf{k}_1)$ in linear theory (valid on large scales) can be expressed as an enhancement of the isotropic real space power spectrum $P^r(k_1)$ by a factor  $(1+\beta_1 \mu_1^2)^2$ which is known as the Kaiser enhancement factor \citep{kaiser87}, where $\beta_1=f/b_1$ is the linear redshift distortion parameter which is the ratio of $f(\Omega_m)$ the logarithmic derivative of the  growth rate of linear density perturbations  and the linear bias $b_1$, and $\mu_1=\mathbf{\hat{z}} \cdot \mathbf{k_1} /k_1$ is the cosine of the angle between the wavevector $\mathbf{k_1}$ and LoS direction $\mathbf{\hat{z}}$.
	Measurements of $P^s(\mathbf{k}_1)$ at large scales can be used to constrain $f$ as a function of redshift \citep{loveday96, peacock01, hawkins03, guzzo-pierleoni08}. In addition to $f$, $P^s(\mathbf{k}_1)$ at relatively small (weakly non-linear) scales contain a number of important cosmological information, e.g. the signature of massive neutrinos \citep{hu98-neutrino}, which requires a careful modelling of $P^s(\mathbf{k}_1)$.
	Several models based on higher order perturbation theory \citep{heavens98-NL-RSD, scoccimarro04,matsubara08,Taruya10-TNS} and effective field theory \citep{desjacques18-RSD-EFT} have been proposed to describe $P^s(\mathbf{k}_1)$ at weakly non-linear scales.
	At small (non-linear) scales, where the Finger of God (FoG) effect is important, a number of models have been considered where the FoG suppression is modelled by considering a damping term along with the Kaiser enhancement \citep{davis-peebles83, peacock92,park-vogeley94, ballinger-peacock-heavens96, hatton-cole99, seljak01-RSD-halo-model, white01-RSD-halo-model,bharadwaj01-nonlinear-RSD}. It is convenient to study the anisotropic $P^s(\mathbf{k}_1) \equiv P^s(k_1,\mu_1)$ in terms of angular multipoles $P^s_{\ell}$ which define the decomposition of $P^s(k_1,\mu_1)$ into Legendre polynomials $\mathcal{P}_{\ell}(\mu)$ as $P^s(k_1,\mu_1)=\sum_{\ell} P^s_{\ell}(k_1) \mathcal{P}_{\ell}(\mu_1)$ \citep{hamilton-92-RSDcorrelation,cole-fisher-weinberg94}.
	In linear theory under the plane parallel approximation, only the first three even moments namely monopole ($\ell=0$), quadrupole ($\ell=2$) and hexadecapole ($\ell=4$) are non-zero  \citep{cole-fisher-weinberg94}. Also, in linear theory, the ratio $P^s_{2}/P^s_{0}$ reduces to
	$(4\beta_1/3+4 \beta_1^2/7)(1+2\beta_1/3+\beta_1^2/5)^{-1}$ which gives a direct measure of $\beta_1$ \citep{cole-fisher-weinberg94}. Since RSD is a direct consequence of the velocity field, it is  sensitive to the density potential fluctuation and thus can be used to test  theories  of modified gravity \citep{linder08-RSD-GR, song09-RSD, de_la_torre16-gravity-test-from-RSD-and-lensing, johnson-blake-16-modified-gravity-using-galaxy-peculiar-velocities, mueller18-BOSS-RSD}.

	The power spectrum is adequate to fully characterises the statistical properties  of the clustering pattern
	if it is a Gaussian random field. The simplest models of inflation  predict the primordial fluctuations to be a Gaussian random field \citep{baumann09-inflation}, the density fluctuations are however predicted to become non-Gaussian as they evolve (induced non-Gaussianity; \citealt{fry84-bispec})
	due to the non-linear growth and non-linear biasing.  Further,  several inflationary scenarios predict
	the primordial fluctuations to be non-Gaussian (primordial non-Gaussianity; \citealt{bartolo04-PNG-rev}). It  is then
	necessary to consider higher order statistics,  the three-point correlation function or its Fourier conjugate the bispectrum being  the lowest order statistic sensitive to non-Gaussianity.
	Measurements of bispectrum from the observations of Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) \citep{fergusson12-PNG,oppizzi18-PNG, planck18png, shiraishi19-PNG} and galaxy surveys \citep{feldman01-bispec, scoccimarro04-PNG, ligouri10-PNG, ballardini19png} have been used to place tight constraints on primordial non-Gaussianity. Second order perturbation theory predicts \citep{matarrese97} that measurements of the bispectrum in the weakly non-linear regime can be used to determine the bias parameters, and this has been employed in the galaxy surveys to quantify the galaxy bias parameters \citep{feldman01-bispec, scoccimarro01-IRAS-bispec, verde02-2DF, nishimichi07, gilmartin15-bispec}. Further, the measurements of bispectrum enable us to lift the degeneracy between $\Omega_m$ (which appears in $f(\Omega_m)$)
	and $b_1$, something  which is not possible by considering only the power spectrum \citep{scoccimarro99-RS-bispec}.

	Like the power spectrum, the anisotropy of the redshift space bispectrum contains a wealth of cosmological informations. It is therefore quite important to accurately model and quantify this.
	\citet{Hivon1995} and  \citet{Verde1998} have calculated the bispectrum in redshift space. However,  the focus in these works has been on  measuring the large scale bias and the cosmological parameters, and they have not quantified the anisotropy arising from redshift space distortion.
	\citet{scoccimarro99-RS-bispec} have quantified the  redshift space anisotropy of the bispectrum by decomposing it into spherical harmonics.  However, beyond the monopole the analysis is restricted to only one of the quadrupole components $(\ell=2,m=0)$. \citet{Hashimoto2017} also have considered the  single quadrupole component of the redshift space bispectrum. The works mentioned above all  use non-linear perturbation theory to calculate the  induced redshift space bispectrum   arising from Gaussian initial perturbation.  The results are also extensively validated using large N-body simulations. However  the anisotropy arising from redshift space distortions has only been partly analysed, the analysis being restricted to a single quadrupole component and a very restricted set of triangle configurations.
	In a more recent work, \citet{Slepian2018} present a technique to quantify the redshift space three-point correlation function by expanding it in terms of products of two spherical harmonics.
	In a very recent work \citet{Sugiyama2019a} have used a tri-polar spherical harmonic decomposition to quantify the anisotropy of the redshift space bispectrum, and they demonstrate this technique by applying it to the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) Data Release 12. The last two works  mentioned here present very efficient computational techniques which are well suited for large galaxy surveys.

	In the present  work we focus on quantifying the anisotropy of the redshift space   bispectrum.
	The bispectrum in real space (as against redshift space) only depends on the shape and size  of the triangle
	$\mathbf{k_1},\mathbf{k_2},\mathbf{k_3}$ and is independent of how the triangle is oriented. The redshift space bispectrum, however, also depends on the orientation of the triangle through  $\mu_1,\mu_2,\mu_3$ where $\mu_a=\mathbf{\hat{z}} \cdot \mathbf{k}_a/k_a$ with $a=1,2,3$.
	The issue here is to fix the shape and size of the triangle,  and
	quantify the joint $\mu_1,\mu_2,\mu_3$ dependence of the redshift space bispectrum.  We show that the redshift space bispectrum can be expressed as $B^s(k_1,\mu,t,\mathbf{\hat{p}})$ where the parameters $k_1$ and $\mu,t$ (defined later) respectively quantify the size and the shape of the triangle, while the orientation of the three vectors $\mathbf{k_1},\mathbf{k_2},\mathbf{k_3}$ with respect to $\mathbf{\hat{z}}$ is quantified through
	the unit vector $\mathbf{\hat{p}}$ which  has components $p_z=\mathbf{\hat{z}} \cdot \mathbf{\hat{k}_1}$ and $p_x=\mathbf{\hat{z}} \cdot \mathbf{\hat{k}_{1 \perp}}$. Here $\mathbf{\hat{k}_1}$
	is an unit  vector along $\mathbf{k_1}$ which is taken to be the largest side of the triangle,
	and $\mathbf{\hat{k}_{1 \perp}}$ is an unit vector perpendicular to $\mathbf{k_1}$ in the plane of the triangle.
	We have quantified the anisotropy of the redshift space bispectrum by decomposing it in spherical harmonics $Y^m_{\ell}(\mathbf{\hat{p}})$. The multipole moments $\bar{B}^m_{\ell}(k_1,\mu,t)$ provide a relatively simple and straight forward method to quantify the redshift space distortion of the bispectrum. In order to illustrate this method we have considered the bispectrum from primordial non-Gaussianity where the linear theory of redshift space distortion can be applied. In this case $\bar{R}^m_{\ell}(\beta_1,\mu,t)$ which is the ratio of multipole moment  $\bar{B}^m_{\ell}(k_1,\mu,t)$ to the real space bispectrum $B^r(k_1,\mu,t)$ is independent of $k_1$ the size of the triangle, and it depends  only on $\beta_1$  the linear redshift distortion parameter and $\mu,t$ the shape of the triangle. Here we provide analytical expressions for all the non-zero $\bar{R}^m_{\ell}(\beta_1,\mu,t)$
	{\it i.e.} up to $(\ell=6,m=4)$. We study the shape dependence of $\bar{R}(\beta_1,\mu,t)$  considering triangles of all possible shapes for $\beta_1=1$. We have also studied the $\beta_1$ dependence for a few extreme triangle shapes and briefly discuss the possibility of using  observations to measure $\beta_1$.
	We plan to carry out a similar analysis for the induced bispectrum arising from non-linear evolution and
	present the results in a subsequent paper.
	A brief outline of the present paper follows.

	Section~\ref{sec:triangle-config} presents the parameters that we use to quantify  the shape, size and orientation  of a triangle, while our method to quantify the anisotropy of the redshift space bispectrum is presented in  Section~\ref{sec:RSD}. Our results for linear redshift space distortions are presented in Section~\ref{sec:linear-RSD}, and these are discussed in Section~\ref{sec:discussion}. Results for some of the multipole moments which are not included  in Section~\ref{sec:linear-RSD} have been presented in an Appendix.

	\section{Parameterizing  Triangle Configurations}
	\label{sec:triangle-config}

	The bispectrum is defined as

	\begin{equation}
	B(\mathbf{k_1},\mathbf{k_2},\mathbf{k_3})=V^{-1}\,  \langle \Delta(\mathbf{k_1}) \Delta(\mathbf{k_2}) \Delta(\mathbf{k_3}) \rangle
	\,,
	\label{eq:a1}
	\end{equation}

	with the condition $\mathbf{k_1}+\mathbf{k_2}+\mathbf{k_3}=0$ which ensures that the three vectors form a closed triangle.
	Further,  $B^r(\mathbf{k_1},\mathbf{k_2},\mathbf{k_3})$ the real space bispectrum (as against redshift space)
	is independent of how the triangle is oriented in space, and it depends only on the shape and size of the triangle. In order to uniquely quantify  the shape and size of any triangle we label the sides such that

	\begin{equation}
	k_1 \ge k_2 \ge k_3
	\label{eq:a2}
	\end{equation}

	where $k_i= \mid \mathbf{k}_i \mid$.

	We next identify a reference triangle $\mathbf{\tilde{k}_1},\mathbf{\tilde{k}_2},\mathbf{\tilde{k}_3}$ in the $x-z$ plane (Figure~\ref{fig:triangle_config}) which is related to $\mathbf{k_1},\mathbf{k_2},\mathbf{k_3}$ through a rigid body rotation  which maps
	$(\mathbf{\tilde{k}_1},\mathbf{\tilde{k}_2},\mathbf{\tilde{k}_3})$ to  $(\mathbf{k_1}, \mathbf{k_2}, \mathbf{k_3})$ where

	\begin{equation}
	\mathbf{\tilde{k}_1}=k_1 \, \mathbf{\hat{z}} \,.
	\label{eq:a3}
	\end{equation}

	We use the length of the largest side $k_1$ to specify the size of the triangle. Considering $\mathbf{\tilde{k}_2}$,
	we express  this as

	\begin{equation}
	\mathbf{\tilde{k}_2}=t k_1 [-\mu  \, \mathbf{\hat{z}} + \sqrt{1-\mu^2} \, \mathbf{\hat{x}}]
	\label{eq:a4}
	\end{equation}

	where $t=k_2/k_1$ specifies $k_2$ in units of $k_1$
	and $\mu=\cos \theta =-\mathbf{\tilde{k}_1}\cdot \mathbf{\tilde{k}_2}/(k_1 k_2)$ is the cosine of the angle between $-\mathbf{\tilde{k}_1}$ and $\mathbf{\tilde{k}_2}$. We use the parameters $\mu$ and $t$ to specify the shape of the triangle.
	From Equation~(\ref{eq:a2}) it follows that $\mathbf{\tilde{k}_2}$  is restricted to lie within the shaded region shown in Figure~\ref{fig:triangle_config}. This implies that the values of $\mu$ and $t$ are restricted to the range

	\begin{equation}
	0.5 \le t, \mu  \le 1  \, {\rm with} \, t \mu \ge 0.5  \,.
	\label{eq:a5}
	\end{equation}

	Triangles of all possible shapes are uniquely represented by points in the allowed region of the $\mu,t$ configuration space shown in  Figure~\ref{fig:allowed_regn}. We use the parameters $k_1,\mu,t$ to represent the shape and size of all possible triangles, and express the bispectrum as $B^r(k_1,\mu,t)$.

	\begin{figure}
		\psfrag{X}[c][c][1.2][0]{$X$}
		\psfrag{Y}[c][c][1.2][0]{$Y$}
		\psfrag{Z}[c][c][1.2][0]{$Z$}
		\psfrag{k1}[c][c][1.3][0]{$\mathbf{\tilde{k}_1}$}
		\psfrag{k2}[c][c][1.3][0]{$\mathbf{\tilde{k}_2}$}
		\psfrag{k3}[c][c][1.3][0]{$\mathbf{\tilde{k}_3}$}
		\psfrag{theta}[c][c][1.3][0]{$\theta$}
		\psfrag{chi}[c][c][1.2][0]{$\chi$}

		\centering
		\includegraphics[width=0.3\textwidth,angle=-90,trim=2cm 0.5cm 1.5cm .5cm,clip]{triangle_configuration.ps}
		\caption{This shows the allowed configurations for the reference triangle.}
		\label{fig:triangle_config}
	\end{figure}

	We now briefly discuss the shapes corresponding to the different $\mu,t$ values shown in Figure~\ref{fig:allowed_regn}. The right boundary $\mu=1$ corresponds to linear triangles
	($\chi=180^{\circ}$ in Figure~\ref{fig:triangle_config})
	where $\mathbf{\tilde{k}_1},\mathbf{\tilde{k}_2},\mathbf{\tilde{k}_3}$ are all aligned.
	The limit $\mu \rightarrow 1$ and  $t \rightarrow 0.5$ converges to  stretched triangle where $\mathbf{\tilde{k}_2}=\mathbf{\tilde{k}_3}=-\mathbf{\tilde{k}_1}/2$, and the limit $\mu \rightarrow 1$ and  $t \rightarrow 1$ converges to squeezed  triangle where $\mathbf{\tilde{k}_2}=-\mathbf{\tilde{k}_1}$ and   $\mathbf{\tilde{k}_3}=0$. The upper boundary $t=1$ corresponds to the L isosceles triangles  ($k_1=k_2$) where the two  larger sides are of equal length,  whereas the lower boundary $2 \mu t=1 $  corresponds to the S isosceles triangles $(k_2=k_3)$  where the two  smaller sides are of equal length.
	The limit $\mu \rightarrow 0.5$ and  $t \rightarrow 1$ converges to  the equilateral triangle which separates the L and S isosceles triangles. Contours corresponding to various values of $\cos \chi$ are shown for reference.
	The line $\mu=t$ corresponds to right angle triangles ($\cos \chi=0$),  whereas $\mu >t$ and $\mu <t$ respectively correspond to obtuse $(\cos \chi <0 $) and acute $(\cos \chi > 0$) triangles.

	\begin{figure}

		\psfrag{Squeezed}[2][c][1.1][0]{Squeezed}
		\psfrag{cos chi}[c][c][1.1][0]{$\cos \chi$}
		\psfrag{Equilateral}[c][c][1.1][0]{Equilateral}
		\psfrag{S Isosceles}[c][c][1.1][0]{S Isosceles}
		\psfrag{L Isosceles}[c][c][1.1][0]{L Isosceles}
		\psfrag{Linear}[c][c][1.2][0]{Linear}
		\psfrag{Stretched}[c][c][1.1][0]{Stretched}

		\centering
		\includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth,angle=-90,trim=1cm 6cm 1.5cm 1cm,clip]{allowed_region.ps}
		\caption{This shows the allowed $\mu,t$ space along with the triangle shapes corresponding to different values of $\mu$ and $t$. The contours correspond to different values of $\cos \chi$.}
		\label{fig:allowed_regn}
	\end{figure}

	Starting from a reference triangle $(\mathbf{\tilde{k}_1}, \mathbf{\tilde{k}_2}, \mathbf{\tilde{k}_3})$ in the $x-z$ plane it is possible to obtain a triangle $(\mathbf{k_1}, \mathbf{k_2}, \mathbf{k_3})$ of the same shape and size but with a different  spatial orientation through a rigid body rotation
	$\mathcal{R}_{\alpha\beta\gamma}:(\mathbf{\tilde{k}_1},\mathbf{\tilde{k}_2},\mathbf{\tilde{k}_3}) \rightarrow{} (\mathbf{k_1}, \mathbf{k_2}, \mathbf{k_3})$ where  $\alpha,\beta,\gamma$  are three angles which parameterize all possible rigid body rotations. Here  we represent rigid body rotations using $\alpha$  which is the rotation angle  and  $\mathbf{\hat{n}}$ which is an  unit vector that denotes the rotation axis.
	The angles $\beta$ and $\gamma$ denote the direction of  $\mathbf{\hat{n}}$ which has components $\hat{n}_x=\sin \beta  \, \cos \gamma$, $\hat{n}_y=\sin \beta  \, \sin \gamma$ and $\hat{n}_z=\cos \beta$.
	The transformation $\mathbf{V}=\mathcal{R}_{\alpha\beta\gamma} \mathbf{\tilde{V}}$ of an arbitrary vector  $\mathbf{\tilde{V}}$ under this rotation can be expressed as

	\begin{equation}
	\mathbf{V}=\cos \alpha \, \mathbf{\tilde{V}}    - \sin \alpha \,  \mathbf{\hat{n}} \times  \mathbf{\tilde{V}}  + (1-\cos \alpha) (\mathbf{\tilde{V}} \cdot \mathbf{\hat{n}}) \, \mathbf{\hat{n}} \,.
	\label{eq:a5}
	\end{equation}

	We can express the three sides of the triangle as

	\begin{equation}
	\mathbf{k_1}=k_1 \, \mathcal{R}_{\alpha\beta\gamma} \mathbf{\hat{z}}
	\label{eq:a7}
	\end{equation}

	\begin{equation}
	\mathbf{k_2}=t k_1( -\mu \mathcal{R}_{\alpha\beta\gamma} \mathbf{\hat{z}} + \sqrt{1-\mu^2} \mathcal{R}_{\alpha\beta\gamma} \mathbf{\hat{x}})
	\label{eq:a8}
	\end{equation}

	and

	\begin{equation}
	\mathbf{k_3}=- \mathbf{k_1} - \mathbf{k_2}
	\label{eq:a9}
	\end{equation}

	The  range $0 \le \alpha \le \pi$, $0 \le \beta \le \pi$ and $0 \le \gamma \le 2 \pi$  covers all rigid body rotations which also corresponds to all possible orientations of the triangle. We also need to integrate over all possible orientations of the triangle. The rotation group $SO(3)$ corresponds to the upper hemisphere of $S^3$ where we have the volume element

	\begin{equation}
	d^3 \mathcal{R}_{\alpha\beta\gamma}= \frac{1}{2} \sin^2 \frac{\alpha}{2}  \, \sin \beta \, d \alpha \, d \beta \, d \gamma \,.
	\label{eq:a10}
	\end{equation}

	Integrating over all possible triangle orientations denoted by $\mathcal{O}$, we have

	\begin{equation}
	\int_{\mathcal{O}}  d^3 \mathcal{R}_{\alpha\beta\gamma} = \pi^2
	\label{eq:a11}
	\end{equation}

	We see that six parameters $\alpha,\beta,\gamma,k_1,\mu,t$ are required to completely specify a triangle $\mathbf{k_1},\mathbf{k_2},\mathbf{k_3}$. Alternatively we could use the three components of $\mathbf{k_1}$ and $\mathbf{k_2}$, six in total, to completely specify the same triangle. The  new  parameterization of the redshift space bispectrum introduced here, however, has the advantage that it allows us to fix the shape and size of the triangle by fixing the values of $k_1,t$ and $\mu$. In our parameterization it is possible to vary the orientation of the triangle while keeping the shape and size of the triangle fixed.

	\section{Quantifying Redshift Space Distortion}
	\label{sec:RSD}
	As mentioned earlier, the real space bispectrum does not depend on the triangle orientation, and we can express this as $B^r(k_1,\mu,t)$ which depends only on the size and shape of the triangle. Redshift space distortion introduces an addition feature where the redshift space bispectrum $B^s(\alpha,\beta,\gamma,k_1,\mu,t)$ also depends on the triangle orientation. Assuming the plane-parallel approximation along the line of sight (LoS) direction $\mathbf{\hat{z}}$, this dependence is through $\mu_1^2, \mu_2^2$ and $\mu_3^2$ where $\mu_a=\mathbf{\hat{z}} \cdot \mathbf{k}_a/k_a$ is the cosine of the angle between $\mathbf{\hat{z}}$ and the wave vector $\mathbf{k}_a$ with $a=1,2,3$ . The issue here is how to quantify the orientation dependence or anisotropy of  the redshift space bispectrum  which depends on $\mu_1,\mu_2,\mu_3$ {\it i.e.} the orientation of the three vectors $\mathbf{k_1},\mathbf{k_2},\mathbf{k_3}$ with respect to the LoS direction $\mathbf{\hat{z}}$.

	To place the issue in perspective we briefly recollect the redshift space power spectrum $P^s(\mu_1,k_1)$ where the anisotropy depends only on $\mu_1=\mathbf{\hat{z}} \cdot \mathbf{k}_1/k_1$.   In this case it is possible to quantify the anisotropy by using the multipole moments

	\begin{equation}
	P^s_{\ell}(k_1)=\frac{\int_{-1}^{1} \mathcal{P}_{\ell}(\mu_1)  P^s(\mu_1,k_1) \, d \mu_1}{\int_{-1}^{1} [\mathcal{P}_{\ell}(\mu_1)]^2  \, d \mu_1}
	\label{eq:b0}
	\end{equation}

	where $\mathcal{P}_{\ell}(\mu_1)$ are the Legendre polynomials. The difficulty with the bispectrum is that the anisotropy depends on $\mu_1,\mu_2$ and  $\mu_3$ which refer to  the orientation of the three different vectors $\mathbf{k_1},\mathbf{k_2},\mathbf{k_3}$ with respect to the LoS direction $\mathbf{\hat{z}}$. Further, $\mu_1,\mu_2$ and  $\mu_3$ are not independent but are related by the fact that they refer to particular triangles whose shape and  size are fixed, and whose orientation varies through different rigid body rotations  $\mathcal{R}_{\alpha\beta\gamma}$.

	Considering $\mu_1,\mu_2$ and  $\mu_3$,
	using Equations~(\ref{eq:a7}),(\ref{eq:a8}) and (\ref{eq:a9}) we have

	\begin{equation}
	\mu_1=p_z
	\label{eq:b1}
	\end{equation}

	\begin{equation}
	\mu_2=-\mu p_z + \sqrt{1-\mu^2} p_x
	\label{eq:b2}
	\end{equation}

	\begin{equation}
	\mu_3=\frac{-[(1-t \mu) p_z + t \sqrt{1-\mu^2} p_x]}{\sqrt{1-2 t \mu +t^2}}
	\label{eq:b3}
	\end{equation}

	where using Equation~(\ref{eq:a5}) we have

	\begin{equation}
	p_z=\mathbf{\hat{z}} \cdot \mathcal{R}_{\alpha\beta\gamma} \mathbf{\hat{z}}=\cos \alpha + (1-\cos \alpha) \,  n_z^2
	\label{eq:b4}
	\end{equation}

	and

	\begin{equation}
	p_x=\mathbf{\hat{z}} \cdot \mathcal{R}_{\alpha\beta\gamma} \mathbf{\hat{x}} = \sin \alpha \, n_y + (1-\cos \alpha ) \, n_x n_z \,.
	\label{eq:b5}
	\end{equation}

	We can treat $p_z$ and $p_x$ as the Cartesian components of an unit vector $\mathbf{\hat{p}}=\mathcal{R}_{\alpha\beta\gamma}^{-1} \mathbf{\hat{z}}$ with $p_y=\sqrt{1-p_x^2-p_z^2}$. Since $\mu_1,\mu_2$ and $\mu_3$ can all be expressed in terms of $\mathbf{\hat{p}}$, we use $B^s(\mathbf{\hat{p}},k_1,\mu,t)$ to denote the orientation dependence of the redshift space bispectrum. Note that the entire $\alpha,\beta,\gamma$ dependence is contained within $\mathbf{\hat{p}}$ (Equations~\ref{eq:b4} and \ref{eq:b5}) which rotates as the orientation of the triangle is changed. We use spherical harmonics $Y^m_{\ell}(\mathbf{\hat{p}})$ to quantify the orientation dependence or anisotropy of $B^s(\mathbf{\hat{p}},k_1,\mu,t)$.

	We define the multipole moments  of the redshift space bispectrum  $B^s(\mathbf{\hat{p}},k_1,\mu,t)$ as

	\begin{equation}
	\bar{B}^{m}_{\ell}(k_1,\mu,t)= \sqrt{\frac{(2 \ell+1)}{4\pi}}  \frac{\int_{\mathcal{O}} [Y^m_{\ell}(\mathbf{\hat{p}})]^{*} B^s(\mathbf{\hat{p}},k_1,\mu,t) \, d^3 \mathcal{R}_{\alpha\beta\gamma} } {\int_{\mathcal{O}} \mid Y^m_{\ell}(\mathbf{\hat{p}}) \mid^2  \, d^3 \mathcal{R}_{\alpha\beta\gamma} } \,.
	\label{eq:b7}
	\end{equation}

	The normalization here has been chosen such that for $m=0$ we have

	\begin{equation}
	\bar{B}^{0}_{\ell}(k_1,\mu,t) = \frac{\int_{\mathcal{O}} \mathcal{P}_{\ell}(\mu_1) B^s(\mathbf{\hat{p}},k_1,\mu,t)  \, d^3 \mathcal{R}_{\alpha\beta\gamma} }{\int_{\mathcal{O}} [\mathcal{P}_{\ell}(\mu_1)]^2   \, d^3 \mathcal{R}_{\alpha\beta\gamma}}
	\,.
	\label{eq:b8}
	\end{equation}

	which are exactly analogous to the multipole moments of the power spectrum defined in Equation~(\ref{eq:b0}).
	In the absence of redshift space distortion the monopole matches the real space bispectrum $(\bar{B}^0_0(k_1,\mu,t)=B^r(k_1,\mu,t))$,
	and all the higher multipole moments are zero ($\bar{B}^m_{\ell}(k_1,\mu,t)=0$ for $\ell >0$).

	Note that the  integration here is over all possible orientations of the triangle. From the observational point of view, we need to identify the set $\mathcal{T}$ of all triangles $(\mathbf{k_1},\mathbf{k_2},\mathbf{k_3})$ which correspond to a fixed shape and size $k_1,\mu,t$, these essentially sample all possible orientations of the triangle. For each triangle, we  determine  $\mathbf{\hat{k}_1}=\mathbf{k_1}/k_1=\mathcal{R}_{\alpha\beta\gamma} \mathbf{\hat{z}}$ the unit vector along $\mathbf{k_1}$ and $\mathbf{\hat{k}_{1 \perp}}=\mathcal{R}_{\alpha\beta\gamma} \mathbf{\hat{x}}$ the unit vector perpendicular to $\mathbf{k_1}$ in the plane of the triangle $(\mathbf{k_1},\mathbf{k_2},\mathbf{k_3})$. We then have $p_z=\mathbf{\hat{z}} \cdot \mathbf{\hat{k}_1}$ and $p_x=\mathbf{\hat{z}} \cdot \mathbf{\hat{k}_{1 \perp}}$, and we can use

	\begin{equation}
	\bar{B}^{m}_{\ell}(k_1,\mu,t)= \sqrt{\frac{ (2 \ell+1)}{4 \pi}} \frac{ \sum_{\mathcal{T}} [Y^m_{\ell}(\mathbf{\hat{p}})]^{*} B^s(\mathbf{\hat{p}},k_1,\mu,t)}{\sum_{\mathcal{T}} \mid Y^m_{\ell}(\mathbf{\hat{p}}) \mid^2}
	\label{eq:b8}
	\end{equation}

	to estimate the various multipole moments. The present paper focuses on theoretical predictions and we do not apply the analysis to observational data here. We plan to address this in future work.

	Considering the theoretical perspective, we note that $\mathbf{\hat{p}}=\mathcal{R}_{\alpha\beta\gamma}^{-1} \mathbf{\hat{z}}$ uniformly samples all possible directions if we consider the set of rigid body rotations $\mathcal{O}$. We can theoretically estimate the multipole moments using

	\begin{equation}
	\bar{B}^{m}_{\ell}(k_1,\mu,t) =\sqrt{\frac{(2 \ell +1)}{4 \pi}} \int [Y^m_{\ell}(\mathbf{\hat{p}})]^* B^s(\mathbf{\hat{p}},k_1,\mu) \, d\Omega_{\mathbf{\hat{p}}}
	\label{eq:b9}
	\end{equation}

	where  the $d\Omega_{\mathbf{\hat{p}}}$ integral is over  $4 \pi$ steradians.  In other words, instead over integrating over various orientations of the triangle $(\mathbf{k_1},\mathbf{k_2},\mathbf{k_3})$ we can theoretically predict the various multipole moments by considering a fixed triangle $(\mathbf{\tilde{k}_1},\mathbf{\tilde{k}_2},\mathbf{\tilde{k}_3})$ in the $x-z$ plane and integrating over all possible orientations of  $\mathbf{\hat{p}}=\mathcal{R}_{\alpha\beta\gamma}^{-1} \mathbf{\hat{z}}$. In order to check that Equations~(\ref{eq:b7}) and (\ref{eq:b9}) give the same results,
	we have explicitly  evaluated  several of the multipole moments $\bar{B}^m_{\ell}(k_1,\mu,t)$ using both these equations for the linear theory  considered in the next section.

	Like the power spectrum, here too the odd multipoles $(\ell=1,3,5,...)$  are all zero because the anisotropy only involves even powers of  $\mu_1,\mu_2$ and  $\mu_3$ in the plane parallel approximation. Further, since $B^s(\mathbf{\hat{p}},k_1,\mu,t)$ is a real valued function with no explicit $p_y$ dependence, we have
	$ \bar{B}^{-m}_{\ell}(k_1,\mu,t) = (-1)^m \bar{B}^{m}_{\ell}(k_1,\mu,t)$ where $\bar{B}^{m}_{\ell}(k_1,\mu,t)$ are all real. Considering
	linear triangles $(\mu=1)$,  the vectors $\mathbf{k_1},\mathbf{k_2}$ and $\mathbf{k_3}$ are aligned in the same direction and we have $\mu_1=p_z=-\mu_2=-\mu_3$. In this case the redshift space bispectrum $B^s(\mathbf{\hat{p}},k_1,\mu,t)$ has no
	$p_x$ dependence, the anisotropy is completely quantified by the $m=0$ multipole moment and  the multipole moments with $m \neq 0$ are all zero. We however need both the $m=0$ and $m \neq 0$ multipole moments to completely quantify the anisotropy of $B^s(\mathbf{\hat{p}},k_1,\mu,t)$ when the three vectors $\mathbf{k_1},\mathbf{k_2}$ and $\mathbf{k_3}$ are not aligned  {\it i.e.} $(\mu <1)$.

	\section{Linear Redshift Space Distortion}
	\label{sec:linear-RSD}
	Here we consider the linear theory of redshift space distortion \citep{hamilton-98-rsd-review} where the fluctuations in redshift space $\Delta^s(\mathbf{k_1})$
	is related to the corresponding fluctuation $\Delta^r(\mathbf{k_1})$ in real space  as

	\begin{equation}
	\Delta^s(\mathbf{k_1})=(1 + \beta_1 \mu_1^2) \Delta^r(\mathbf{k_1})
	\label{eq:c1}
	\end{equation}

	with $\beta_1=f(\Omega_m)/b_1$ being the linear redshift distortion parameter. Here $f(\Omega_m)$ is the linear growth rate of density perturbations and $b_1$ is the linear bias parameter.
	We then have

	\begin{equation}
	B^s(\mathbf{\hat{p}},k_1,\mu,t)= (1+ \beta_1 \mu_1^2) (1+ \beta_1 \mu_2^2) (1+ \beta_1 \mu_3^2)  B^r(k_1,\mu,t) \,.
	\label{eq:c2}
	\end{equation}

	Considering sufficiently large length scales which are in the  linear regime, Equation~(\ref{eq:c2}) is a valid model for the bispectrum arising from primordial non-Gaussianity \citep{bartolo04-PNG-rev}. We can define the enhancement factor

	\begin{equation}
	\bar{R}^m_{\ell}(\beta_1,\mu,t)=\frac{\bar{B}^m_{\ell}(k_1,\mu,t)}{B^r(k_1,\mu,t)}
	\label{eq:c3}
	\end{equation}

	which only depends on $\beta_1$ and the shape of the triangle.
	We can calculate this using

	\begin{eqnarray}
	\bar{R}^m_{\ell}(\beta_1,\mu,t)&=& \sqrt{\frac{(2 \ell +1)}{4 \pi}}
	\int  d\Omega_{\mathbf{\hat{p}}}  \, [Y^m_{\ell}(\mathbf{\hat{p}})]^* \nonumber \times \\ && \, (1+ \beta_1 \mu_1^2) (1+ \beta_1 \mu_2^2) (1+ \beta_1 \mu_3^2) \,.
	\label{eq:c4}
	\end{eqnarray}

	As mentioned earlier, only the even multipole moments are non-zero. In this case only the first four even terms $\ell=0,2,4,6$ are non-zero.

	\begin{figure}
		\centering
		\includegraphics[width=0.47\textwidth,angle=0]{R00.eps}
		\caption{This shows the monopole enhancement factor $\bar{R}^0_0(\mu,t)$ for triangles of different shapes.}
		\label{fig:R00}
	\end{figure}

	Considering the monopole first, we have

	\begin{eqnarray}
	\bar{R}^0_0(\beta_1,\mu,t) &=& 1+\beta_1+\frac{3 \beta_1^2}{5}+\frac{\beta_1^3}{7}-\nonumber\\ &&  \frac{4 \beta_1^2 (3 \beta_1+7) \left(1-\mu ^2\right) \left(t^2-\mu  t+1\right)}{105 \left(t^2-2 \mu  t+1\right)} \,.
	\label{eq:c5}
	\end{eqnarray}

	Figure~\ref{fig:R00} shows $\bar{R}^0_0(\beta_1,\mu,t)$ for different triangle shapes considering $\beta_1=1$.  We see that redshift space distortion enhances the bispectrum monopole $(\bar{R}^0_0(\beta_1,\mu,t)>1)$ for  triangles of all shapes. This enhancement is maximum  for linear triangles.  This corresponds to the first term in the $r.h.s.$ of Equation~(\ref{eq:c5}) which is independent  of $t$, the second term having value zero when $\mu=1$.  The value of the enhancement factor  $\bar{R}^0_0(\beta_1,\mu,t)$ falls off  away from the  $\mu=1$ line {\it i.e.} the three vectors $\mathbf{k_1},\mathbf{k_2},\mathbf{k_3}$ are no longer aligned, and it is  minimum for $\mu=0.5$ which corresponds to equilateral triangles. However, the difference between the maximum value ($96/35$) and the minimum value ($81/35$) is not very large $((96-81)/81\approx 18 \%)$ for $\beta_1=1$, and it is smaller  for other values $\beta_1<1$. Figure~\ref{fig:Rlm_beta} shows $\bar{R}^0_0(\beta_1,\mu,t)$ as a function of $\beta_1$ for the two extreme triangle shapes $\mu=1$ and $\mu=0.5$ respectively.

	\begin{figure}
		\centering
		\includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth,angle=0]{Rlm_beta_dependence.eps}
		\caption{This shows $\beta_1$ dependence of $\bar{R}^0_0(\beta_1,\mu,t)$, $\bar{R}^0_2(\beta_1,\mu,t)$   and $\bar{R}^2_2(\beta_1,\mu,t)$ for the specific triangle configurations indicated in the figure.}
		\label{fig:Rlm_beta}
	\end{figure}

	\begin{figure*}
		\centering
		\includegraphics[width=1\textwidth,angle=0]{R2m.eps}
		\caption{This shows the three quadrupole moments $\bar{R}^0_2(\beta_1,\mu,t)$, $\bar{R}^1_2(\beta_1,\mu,t)$ and  $\bar{R}^2_2(\beta_1,\mu,t)$ as functions of $(\mu,t)$ for $\beta_1=1$.}
		\label{fig:R2m}
	\end{figure*}

	We now consider the different $\ell >0$  multipole moments which characterise the anisotropy of the redshift space bispectrum. From Equation~(\ref{eq:c2}) we see that
	in linear theory all of these  are expected to be polynomials of the form $a \beta_1 + b \beta_1^2 + c  \beta_1^3$  where $a,b,c$   depend  on $\ell,m$ and the shape of the triangle $(\mu,t)$. The multipole moments with $m=0$  are only sensitive to $p_z=\mu_1$. These multipole moments with $m=0$ are all expected to have the maximum value for linear triangles $(\mu=1)$  where  $\mathbf{k_1},\mathbf{k_2},\mathbf{k_3}$  are aligned and $\mu_1^2=\mu_2^2=\mu_3^2=p_z^2$  (Equations~\ref{eq:b1}, \ref{eq:b2} and \ref{eq:b3}),  and they are expected to have the minimum value for equilateral triangles $(\mu=0.5)$.
	The multipole moments with $m \neq 0$ quantify the joint $p_z,p_x$ dependence of $B^s(\mathbf{\hat{p}},k_1,\mu,t)$. The  linear triangles  have no $p_x$ dependence, and in this case    the multipole moments with $m \neq 0$ are all predicted to be zero.  Further,
	the highest power of $p_x$ in Equation~(\ref{eq:c2}) is $p_x^4$, and this implies that the multipole moments with $m>4$ are all zero.

	The  quadruple $\bar{R}^m_2(\beta_1,\mu,t)$ has  three independent terms $m=0,1$ and $2$ for which
	the results are presented below.

	\begin{eqnarray}
	\bar{R}^0_2(\beta_1,\mu,t) &=& \frac{2}{21} \beta_1 \left(5 \beta_1^2+18 \beta_1+21\right) -
	\frac{\beta_1 \left(1-\mu ^2\right)}{21 \left(t^2-2 \mu  t+1\right)}\nonumber\\
	&&\times\Big[9 \beta_1^2+22 \beta_1+2 t^2 (\beta_1^2\left(2 \mu ^2+5\right)+20 \beta_1\nonumber\\
	&&+21)-2 \left(7 \beta_1^2+20 \beta_1+21\right) \mu  t+21\Big]\, ,
	\label{eq:c6}
	\end{eqnarray}

	\begin{eqnarray}
	\bar{R}^1_2(\beta_1,\mu,t) &=& \frac{1}{21 \left(t^2-2 \mu  t+1\right)}\sqrt{\frac{2}{3}} \beta_1 \sqrt{1-\mu ^2} (2 \mu  t-1)\nonumber\\
	&&\times \Big[t \left(\beta_1^2 \left(2 \mu ^2+3\right)+18 \beta_1+21\right)\nonumber\\
	&& -\left(5 \beta_1^2+18 \beta_1+21\right) \mu \Big]\, ,
	\label{eq:c7}
	\end{eqnarray}

	\begin{eqnarray}
	\bar{R}^2_2(\beta_1,\mu,t) &= & \frac{1}{21 \sqrt{6} \left(t^2-2 \mu  t+1\right)}\beta_1 \left(1-\mu ^2\right)\nonumber\\
	&& \times\Big[\beta_1 (\beta_1+6)+2 t^2 (\beta_1 \left(2 \beta_1 \mu ^2+\beta_1+12\right)\nonumber\\
	&&+21)-6 (\beta_1 (\beta_1+4)+7) \mu  t+21\Big]\, .
	\label{eq:c8}
	\end{eqnarray}

	Considering $\bar{R}^0_2(\beta_1,\mu,t)$  (Equation~(\ref{eq:c6})) and left panel of Figure~\ref{fig:R2m}), we see that, like the monopole, and  as expected,  this  is maximum for the linear triangle $(\mu=1)$ independent of $t$. This corresponds to the first term in the $r.h.s.$ of Equation~(\ref{eq:c6}) which is independent  of $t$, the second term having value zero when $\mu=1$. The value of   $\bar{R}^0_2(\beta_1,\mu,t)$ falls off away from the line corresponding to  $\mu$=1, and it is  minimum for $\mu=0.5$ which corresponds to equilateral triangles.
	Unlike the monopole, we find a rather large difference between the maximum value ($88/21$) and the minimum value ($61/84$) of  the  quadrupole component  $\bar{R}^0_2(\beta_1,\mu,t)$ for $\beta_1=1$. Figure~\ref{fig:Rlm_beta}  shows the $\beta_1$ dependence of $\bar{R}^0_2(\beta_1,\mu,t)$ for the two extreme triangle shapes $\mu=1$ and $\mu=0.5$ respectively.

	Considering the two other quadrupole components $\bar{R}^1_2(\beta_1,\mu,t)$  and $\bar{R}^2_2(\beta_1,\mu,t)$ respectively presented in Equations~(\ref{eq:c7}) and (\ref{eq:c8}) and shown in the center and right panels of Figure~\ref{fig:R2m},  we see that unlike $\bar{R}^0_0(\beta_1,\mu,t)$ and $\bar{R}^0_2(\beta_1,\mu,t)$, these are zero for linear triangles $(\mu=1)$ independent of the value of $t$. Further,  $\bar{R}^1_2(\beta_1,\mu,t)$  is also zero for the S isosceles triangles $(2 t \mu=1)$  and the equilateral triangle $(\mu=0.5)$. We see that $\bar{R}^1_2(\beta_1,\mu,t)$  has negative values in the  lower right  region $\mu > t$ corresponding to obtuse triangles. We have  $\bar{R}^1_2(\beta_1,\mu,t) \approx 0$ around the line $\mu=t$ which corresponds to right-angle triangles. However the exact curve

	\begin{equation}
	t=\frac{5 \beta_1^2 + 18 \beta_1 + 21}{(2 \mu^2 +3) \beta_1^2 + 18 \beta_1 +21}
	\label{eq:c7a}
	\end{equation}

	along which $\bar{R}^1_2(\beta_1,\mu,t)=0$ is slightly above $\mu=t$ and it also encompasses  some of the acute triangles. $\bar{R}^1_2(\beta_1,\mu,t)$ has positive values for  most of upper left  region
	$\mu <t$ which corresponds to  acute triangles. We also note that the difference between the maximum and the minimum values of $\bar{R}^1_2(\beta_1,\mu,t)$  is of the order of unity for $\beta_1=1$, this will be less for lower values of $\beta_1$.

	Considering $\bar{R}^2_2(\beta_1,\mu,t)$, we see that it has values in the range $0 \le \bar{R}^2_2(\beta_1,\mu,t)$, and it has a  maximum value of $61/(28 \sqrt{6})$ for equilateral triangles. Figure~\ref{fig:Rlm_beta}  shows the $\beta_1$ dependence of $\bar{R}^2_2(\beta_1,\mu,t)$ for equilateral triangles.  We note that both $\bar{R}^0_2(\beta_1,\mu,t)$ and $\bar{R}^2_2(\beta_1,\mu,t)$  show very similar $\beta_1$ dependence for equilateral triangles. Also, the contour plots corresponding to $\bar{R}^0_2(\beta_1,\mu,t)$ and $\bar{R}^2_2(\beta_1,\mu,t)$  (the left and right panels of Figure~\ref{fig:R2m} respectively) show very similar patterns, though the values are quite different.

	We next consider the hexadecapole $\bar{R}^m_4(\beta_1,\mu,t)$ for which we have five independent terms $m=0,1,2,3,4$.  We only discuss  the  first three hexadecapole moments  $(m=0,1,2)$
	for which the results are shown in Figure~\ref{fig:R4m} for $\beta_1=1$.
	The other haxadecapole moments $(m=3,4)$ have relatively small values  $\mid \bar{R}^m_4(\beta_1,\mu,t)\mid <0.1$,  and for completeness we have presented these in Appendix~\ref{appendix1}. Considering  $\bar{R}^0_4(\beta_1,\mu,t)$ (Equation~(\ref{eq:c9}) and left panel of Figure~\ref{fig:R4m}), as expected, we see that  this has the maximum value ($384/385$ for $\beta_1=1$) for linear triangles. This corresponds to the first term in the $r.h.s.$ of  Equation~(\ref{eq:c9}), and the second term in the $r.h.s$  is zero for $\mu=1$. The values of $\bar{R}^0_4(\beta_1,\mu,t)$ falls off away from the line corresponding to $\mu=1$, and it is minimum for equilateral triangles where it has a value $81/1540$ for $\beta_1=1$.

	\begin{eqnarray}
	\bar{R}^0_4(\beta_1,\mu,t) &=&\frac{24}{385} \beta_1^2 (5 \beta_1+11)- \frac{\beta_1^2 \left(1-\mu ^2\right)}{385 \left(t^2-2 \mu  t+1\right)}\times\nonumber\\
	&&\Big[8 (17 \beta_1+33)+t^2 (3 \beta_1 \left(65 \mu ^2+47\right)\nonumber\\
	&& +385 \mu ^2+319)-16 (21 \beta_1+44) \mu  t\Big]
	\label{eq:c9}
	\end{eqnarray}

	We next consider the multipole moments $\bar{R}^1_4(\beta_1,\mu,t)$ and $\bar{R}^2_4(\beta_1,\mu,t)$ for which the results are presented in Equations~(\ref{eq:c10}) and (\ref{eq:c11}) and  shown in the center and right panels of Figure~\ref{fig:R4m} respectively.  As expected, both of these are zero for linear triangles $(\mu=1)$. Further,  $\bar{R}^1_4(\beta_1,\mu,t)$  is also zero for the S isosceles triangles and  equilateral triangles. This multipole moment has predominantly negative values with the minimum value occurring near the stretched triangle configuration, and the difference  between  the maximum and minimum values is around $0.5$ for $\beta_1=1$. Considering $\bar{R}^2_4(\beta_1,\mu,t)$, we see that this is predominantly positive
	with maximum value near the squeezed triangle configuration and   small negative values near the stretched triangle configuration.
	The difference between  the maximum and minimum values gets smaller as we go to larger values of $m$, and considering   $\bar{R}^2_4(\beta_1,\mu,t)$ it is around $0.25$ for $\beta_1=1$.

	\begin{eqnarray}
	\bar{R}^1_4(\beta_1,\mu,t) &= &\frac{1}{77 \sqrt{5} \left(t^2-2 \mu  t+1\right)}\beta_1^2 \sqrt{1-\mu ^2} (2 \mu  t-1)\nonumber\\
	&&\Big[t \left(\beta_1 \left(37 \mu ^2+3\right)+77 \mu ^2+11\right)\nonumber\\
	&& -8 (5 \beta_1+11) \mu \Big]
	\label{eq:c10}
	\end{eqnarray}

	\begin{eqnarray}
	\bar{R}^2_4(\beta_1,\mu,t) &=& \frac{1}{77 \left(t^2-2 \mu  t+1\right)}\sqrt{\frac{2}{5}} \beta_1^2 \left(1-\mu ^2\right) \Big[6 \beta_1+\nonumber\\
	&& t^2 \left(\beta_1 \left(31 \mu ^2+5\right)+77 \mu ^2+11\right)-\nonumber\\
	&& 4 (9 \beta_1+22) \mu  t+22\Big]
	\label{eq:c11}
	\end{eqnarray}

	\begin{figure*}
		\centering
		\includegraphics[width=1\textwidth,angle=0]{R4m_0-2.eps}
		\caption{This shows the three quadrupole moments $\bar{R}^0_4(\beta_1,\mu,t)$, $\bar{R}^1_4(\beta_1,\mu,t)$ and  $\bar{R}^2_4(\beta_1,\mu,t)$ as functions of $(\mu,t)$ for $\beta_1=1$.}
		\label{fig:R4m}
	\end{figure*}

	\begin{figure}
		\centering
		\includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth,angle=0]{quad_by_mono_beta_dependence.eps}
		\caption{This shows the quadrupole ($\bar{B}^0_{2}$) to monopole ($\bar{B}^0_{0}$) ratio as a function of $\beta_1$ for both linear as well as equilateral triangles, in addition to the quadrupole ($P^s_2$) to monopole ($P^s_0$) ratio for the redshift space power spectrum.}
		\label{fig:quad_by_mono_beta}
	\end{figure}

	The multipole moments with $\ell=4$ and $m=3,4,5$, and all the multipole moments with $\ell=6$  have small values $\mid \bar{R}^m_{\ell}(\beta_1,\mu,t) \mid <0.1$ and we have shown these in the Appendix for completeness.

	\section{Discussion}
	\label{sec:discussion}
	Here we have proposed a method to quantify the redshift space bispectrum by decomposing it into  multipole moments  $\bar{B}^m_{\ell}(k_1,\mu,t)$. In this work we have carried out a detailed analysis of the situation where the bispectrum is produced by primordial non-Gaussianity, and is assumed to evolve according to linear theory. We provide explicit analytical expressions relating   all the non-zero multipole moments to the real space bispectrum $B^r(k_1,\mu,t)$. Considering the monopole (Equation~(\ref{eq:c5}))
	we find that this is enhanced with respect to $B^r(k_1,\mu,t)$, the enhancement factor depending on the shape of the triangle and the value of $\beta_1$. The enhancement factor is maximum $(1+\beta_1 +(3/5)  \beta_1^2 +(1/7)\beta_1 ^3)$ for linear triangles and minimum $(1+\beta_1 +(3/10)  \beta_1^2 +(1/70)\beta_1 ^3)$ for equilateral triangles, and has values in between these for triangles of other shapes.

	 The bisprectrum measured from redshift surveys will, in general, be a combination of  the bispectrum of  primordial non-Gaussianity (PNG) and the bispectrum  induced by the non-linear gravitational evolution (NG). The PNG parameter $f_{\rm NL}$  is tightly bound  by the bispectrum of the CMB temperature and polarization anisotropies \citep{planck18png},  and one expects the measured bispectrum to be dominated by the NG contribution at the  length-scales of the  Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) and smaller.  The analysis presented in this paper, which is the first in a series of papers, is restricted to the PNG bispectrum. The  same formalism can be used to quantify the redshift space distortion of the NG bispectrum which will be presented in  a subsequent paper. It may be noted that the relative contribution from the PNG bispectrum becomes significant at high redshifts and  at $k \le k_{eq}$    where  $k_{eq}$ is the comoving wave-number corresponding to  epoch of matter radiation equality.
	The enhancement due to $\bar{R}^0_{0}(\beta_1,\mu,t)$  (Figure~\ref{fig:Rlm_beta}) increases the prospects of detecting the PNG bispectrum  using redshift surveys. Considering a future scenario where 	we have a measurement of the PNG bispectrum
	$\bar{B}^{m}_{\ell}(k_1,\mu,t)$ 	from redshift surveys, 	it is necessary to account for the fact that this will yield an estimate of $\bar{R}^0_{0}(\beta_1,\mu,t) \times f_{\rm NL}$ which depends on $\beta_1$ and the shape of the triangle.
	It will be important to account  for this  enhancement in order to infer   a precise  $f_{\rm NL}$ value.

	The quadrupole and the other higher multipole moments explicitly quantify the anisotropy introduced by redshift space distortion. The leading multipole here is the quadrupole component  $\bar{B}^0_{2}(k_1,\mu,t)$. Expressing this in terms of  $B^r(k_1,\mu,t)$, we find that this has a a maximum value of  $\frac{2}{21} \beta_1 \left(5 \beta_1^2+18 \beta_1+21\right)$ for linear triangles and a minimum value of $\frac{1}{84} \beta_1 \left(\beta_1^2+18 \beta_1+42\right)$ for equilateral triangles, and has values in between these for triangles of other shapes. We see that $\bar{B}^0_{2}(k_1,\mu,t)$ has a strong $\beta_1$ dependence (Figure~\ref{fig:Rlm_beta}), particularly for linear triangles. This holds the possibility of allowing us to use measurements of the redshift space bispectrum to estimate
	$\beta_1$, analogous to the $\beta_1$  estimates from the redshift space power spectrum. To illustrate this we consider a situation where the measured bispectrum is dominated by the contribution from primordial non-Gaussianity, the induced bispectrum caused by the non-linear evolution making a subdominant contribution. Figure~\ref{fig:quad_by_mono_beta} shows the quadrupole ($\bar{B}^0_{2}$) to monopole ($\bar{B}^0_{0}$) ratio as a function of $\beta_1$ for both linear as well as equilateral triangles, in addition to the quadrupole to monopole ratio for the power spectrum. We see that this ratio is more sensitive to $\beta_1$ for  linear triangles  as compared to the power spectrum, whereas for equilateral triangles it is less sensitive than the power spectrum. This ratio is sensitive to both  $\beta_1$ and the  shape of the triangle, and it should be possible to improve the $\beta_1$ estimates by jointly modelling the power spectrum and the bispectrum \citep{gilmarin17-PS-BS-RSD} instead of using the power spectrum alone.  RSD

	The multipole moment $\bar{R}^m_{\ell}(k_1,\mu,t)$ shows a very interesting shape dependence where  it is positive for acute triangles and negative for obtuse triangles. The various other multipole moments each  shows a  very distinctive shape dependence.  Several of these $(\ell,m)=(2,1),(2,2),(4,0))$ show variations of order unity  if the shape of the triangle is changed for $\beta_1=1$. A  couple more  $(\ell,m)=(4,1),(4,2)$ show
	variations of order $\sim 0.4$. These characteristic  variations, if measured, will  impose further constraints on $\beta_1$. Further, such characteristic   shape dependencies may also prove to be a distinctive feature of linear primordial non-Gaussian fluctuations.

	The present paper is entirely restricted to a linear theory analysis of the bispectrum arising from primordial non-Gaussianity. We however expect the induced bispectrum arising from non-linear evolution to dominate,  particularly at low redshifts. We plan to address the theoretical predictions for this scenario in future work.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
import sbt._
import Keys._
import play.Project._

object ApplicationBuild extends Build {

  val appName         = "treasehunt"
  val appVersion      = "0.1-SNAPSHOT"

  val appDependencies = Seq(
//    "be.objectify"  %  "deadbolt-java_2.10" % "2.0-SNAPSHOT",
//    "be.objectify"  %  "deadbolt-java"      % "2.1-SNAPSHOT",
    "be.objectify"  %%  "deadbolt-java"      % "2.1-RC2",
//    "be.objectify"  %  "deadbolt-java"      % "2.1-07022012",
//    "be.objectify" %% "deadbolt-core" % "2.1-RC2",
    "com.feth"      %%  "play-authenticate"  % "0.2.5-SNAPSHOT",
    "postgresql"    %   "postgresql"        % "9.1-901-1.jdbc4",
    javaCore,
    javaJdbc,
    javaEbean
  )

  val common = play.Project(
    appName + "-common", appVersion, appDependencies, path = file("modules/common")
  ).settings(

  )

  val website = play.Project(
    appName + "-website", appVersion, appDependencies, path = file("modules/website")
  ).settings(

  ).dependsOn(
      common
  ).aggregate(
      common
  )

  val admin = play.Project(
    appName + "-admin", appVersion, appDependencies, path = file("modules/admin")
  ).settings(

  ).dependsOn(
      common
  ).aggregate(
      common
  )

  val main = play.Project(appName, appVersion, appDependencies).settings(

    resolvers += "Local Play Repository" at "file:///D:/DEVEL/ide/play-2.1.0/repository",

    // must be build locally (clean, publish-local)
//    resolvers += Resolver.url("Objectify Play Repository (release)", url("http://schaloner.github.com/releases/"))(Resolver.ivyStylePatterns),
//    resolvers += Resolver.url("Objectify Play Repository (snapshot)", url("http://schaloner.github.com/snapshots/"))(Resolver.ivyStylePatterns),

//    resolvers += Resolver.url("play-authenticate (release)", url("http://joscha.github.com/play-authenticate/repo/releases/"))(Resolver.ivyStylePatterns),
//    resolvers += Resolver.url("play-authenticate (snapshot)", url("http://joscha.github.com/play-authenticate/repo/snapshots/"))(Resolver.ivyStylePatterns),

//    resolvers += Resolver.url("play-easymail (release)", url("http://joscha.github.com/play-easymail/repo/releases/"))(Resolver.ivyStylePatterns),
//    resolvers += Resolver.url("play-easymail (snapshot)", url("http://joscha.github.com/play-easymail/repo/snapshots/"))(Resolver.ivyStylePatterns)

    // prevent from forking tests (Debug Tests via IDE)
    sbt.Keys.fork in Test := false

  ).dependsOn(
      website, admin
  ).aggregate(
      website, admin
  )

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Botany and production: The Bay laurel, Laurus nobilis of the Lauraceae family, is the only representative of this family in our part of the world. It is a dioecious tree, 2 to 10 meters high, with evergreen leaves. The female plant produces small yellow flowers followed by black or deep violet shiny fruits. The Bay laurel originates from Greece, where its ancient use is reported from Delphi. In the casting of the oracles, the place was cleaned by the smoke of laurel leaves, and it was regarded the sacred Herb of Apollo, the god of enlightenment poetry and music.
Today, it grows spontaneously all around the Mediterranean Basin, and its essential oil is available from North Africa, Spain, Italy and Yugoslavia as well.
In Crete, its essential oil has been produced traditionally in the villages of Apokorona, called "Karabassi" and been used mainly for toothache and hair-care, however, today this village production has sadly ceased. In 1992 we met one of the last people producing Karabassi in a village in sub mountainous Apokoronas. An old man, he came riding on a donkey, shouting 'Karabassi', and would sell the oil measured in 'oka', using a bullet-shell to measure out the small amount. It is still in this area, that we are collecting laurel from large wild growing populations.
All parts of the tree contain essences, but the leaves most. We distill the essential oil from the young shoots in the summer months, in the stage of fruit ripening, and the fruits, though yielding a very small amount of oil, do give an interesting, delicate aroma to the oil. The leaves have to be comminuted, cut, immediately before distillation to truly liberate their oil. Laurus nobilis, steam distilled for 4-5 hours, yields approximately 0.5-0.7% essential oil. Our oil has a truly wonderful round, warm, full and rich scent, and the collection of Laurel and the distillation process itself is an illuminating experience for us again and again.
Chemical Analysis The main components of our Laurus nobilis oil from Apokoronas are: 1.8 cineole (40%), terpinyl acetate (13%), eugenol (6%) linalool (3%), α-pinene (4.5%), β-pinene (3.8%), sabinene (6%), terpinen-4-ol (4%), a-terpineol (2.5%), methyl eugenol (1.3%), γ-terpinene (1%), along with about 0.5% each of geraniol, bornyl acetate, neryl acetate, trans-caryophyllene, α-humulene, α-thuyene, camphene, α-terpinene and aromadendrene.
Safety: The essential oil of Laurus nobilis is tested non-toxic.
Principle of action: Regenerating, illuminating, clearing. Prevents physical aging and psychological weakness. A poly-valent oil, efficient even at low doses.
Properties: An excellent remedy for hair and scalp, stimulates growth, clears dandruff, helps to heal scars, acne and pimples. Stimulates digestion, helps flatulence and loss of appetite. Like many essential oils it shows antibacterial and fungicidal activity. Laurus nobilis is a mild broncho-pulmonary disinfectant; it's tonic to the kidneys and the reproductive system and helpful with oral infections and toothache. A few drops of Bay Laurel essential oil can be used to flavor foods, soups and seasonings instead of the often dry and aroma-poor bay leaves commercially available.
Apollo, the god of music, prophesy, intellectual pursuits and healing, poetry and philosophy, associated with the sun, loved Laurel, Daphne in Greek, a nymph transformed into this beautiful plant by her father Peneus so that she could avoid the courting of the god. Apollo hence wore a wrath of laurel leaves to have his love near, and Delphi, his oracle site is still today amidst Laurel trees. Laurel was considered as holy, and only Apollo's priestess Phytia was allowed to pick the shiny leaves in Delphi, to chew them, be fumigated by their smoke and purified during the ritual oracles at Delphi. Throughout antiquity and history, laurel was associated with victory, nobility and illumination, with wisdom and protection.
Laurel leaves have been known for their medicinal properties since antiquity. Dioscurides, the ancient Greek physician, botanist and pharmacologist mentions Laurel leaves in his famous work 'De Materia Medica' dated around 75 AD, a work considered one of the most influential herbal books in history, in continuous use well into the 17th century. He mentions that the leaves are warming and emollient and thus beneficial in sit-baths for indications such as infections of the bladder or the womb. The crushed leaves 'heal bee- and wasp stings' and 'any kind of inflammation' if applied externally he notes.
Evaporated in an aroma lamp, sniffed to directly from the bottle, or used as a perfume this oil has an uplifting, illuminating effect, vitalizes and strengthens a tired mind and body and combats degeneration. A mental stimulant which favors clarity of mind and concentration, it is a good companion when creative work is to be accomplished. It helps us in moments of depression, psychic weakness and fear. The fragrance helps us to turn out our 'noble' side, to feel integrity and give out the best in an artful way.
Laurel stimulates the lymphatic system and disperses lymphatic congestion. Can be used in compresses for swollen lymphatic glands, or in a vegetable oil for massaging legs or other areas with swelling due to congestion in the lymphatic system.
When suffering from a cold or respiratory problems, evaporate the oil in an aroma lamp in the bedroom, or use it diluted in a massage base oil at 3% or 4-5 drops in a small glass of alcohol to rub on chest and back. It is a mild treatment in cases when colds are accompanied with general weakness and exhaustion. Laurel is a good oil to use in times of recovering from illness, used diluted in vegetable oil (3%) and massaged onto the area affected.
Laurel stimulates digestion, counteracts flatulence and relieves stomach ache, and a drop or two can be taken in a small glass of alcohol after food. Taken this way before food, it stimulates the appetite. We can also add some drops of oil to soups and foods.
The oil is a valuable ingredient in skin care products, as it has a regenerating activity. You can add a few drops to your daily cream, which should be little or non- perfumed, to a skin tonic, or an aftershave. To mix a body oil for use after bath, you can use 100ml of jojoba, almond, or olive oil, add 3ml of laurel oil, or a mixture of oils like wild carrot seed, myrtle and laurel (3% total). Smooth into skin when still moist. Laurel oil strengthens and beautifies hair. Give a few drops of oil onto your fingertips and massage your hair and scalp after washing. It not only strengthens it, but also makes it shine. You can also add some drops to your shampoo or balsam.
An excellent mask for truly healthy and shiny hair we make by beating a raw egg with approximately 30 ml of olive- and/or avocado oil into a kind of mayonnaise and adding 8 drops of each laurel- and rosemary essential oil. If you have longer hair, you might have to make a larger portion. This is then well applied to dry hair, covered with cling film and then a towel. Leave for about an hour, then wash well out. We have seen excellent results. You can almost feel your hair growing out towards the light.
Our Laurus nobilis leaf oil is one of the most all-round oils, and we use it in many different situations. We always have a bottle of it with us. In our experience, it's also an oil which almost everyone loves and responds to. An oil that will cleanse the atmosphere or the surroundings in many circumstances and many places.
We feel the greatest affinity with what Apollo represents, as god of the arts such as music and poetry, of wisdom and learning, of healing and philosophy. All the fine qualities which truly express what human beings can contribute to life as it is on this planet, a sign of true victory, of true expression of human possibilities and qualities. The scent of Laurus nobilis reminds us of all that what is truly noble, creative and compassionate in us. Of all that we are able to contribute with to the universe, if in alignment with ourselves and our purpose.
We have been to Delphi, which is still beautifully preserved in its natural environment, surrounded by the most splendid Laurel trees and bushes. The place still has an atmosphere of serenity, sacredness and inspiration. After thousands of years...The ancient Greeks believed that Delphi, the sanctuary of Apollo, was the center of the world.
We have chewed the leaves there, have imagined the oracles taking place, have drunk from and washed by the still running spring, the Castalia, close to the sanctuary. The spring the Pythias drank from back then, the spring where every visitor had to wash, at least, his/her hands before entering the sanctuary.
The Castalia spring in Delphi. The sanctuary from the amphitheater and the remains of Apollo's sanctuary.
We went late march and had the privilege to have the place to ourselves. In the summer as well as in the winter months, the place is crowded with tourists and visitors.
We truly cherish this plant and its fragrance.


text:
RWJF Culture of Health Prize Winners
Durham, NC: 2014 Culture of Health Prize Winner
An Emerging Culture of Health
Watch the video to learn how Durham, NC, embraced the role of education and training in improving the health and well being of its residents.
The Durham Way
Once the heart of America's tobacco and textile production, Durham County, N.C., is now home to burgeoning biotechnology and medical sectors. Unfortunately for many residents of the "City of Medicine," the changing landscape has not translated to better health outcomes. For decades, Durham County has struggled to overcome both racial and socioeconomic inequities and the community continues to face high rates of obesity, heart disease, diabetes, sexually transmitted diseases, increasing unemployment, high poverty and low high school graduation rates.
Despite these challenges, the community has a rich history and incredible modern assets to draw upon in its transformation. Today, Durham County leaders, health care partners and residents are responding as one, and are forging a new approach to prosperity and equity known as "The Durham Way."
Community-Led Effort
Since 2004, the Partnership for a Healthy Durham has worked to connect the world-class medical resources in the community with the residents who need them the most.
The Partnership now has over 500 members, including government agencies, workers from many settings and community members representing a wide range of interests. The Partnership, staffed by a fulltime coordinator from the Durham County Department of Public Health, is a convening group for conversations and action around the physical, mental and social health and well-being of Durham's residents. In 2012, it decided to begin tackling issues of poverty and education based on input from the community.
"We're all in this together," said Gayle Harris, director of the Durham County Department of Public Health. "That's what I like about Durham. If there's a problem, people come together, voice their opinions and work toward a solution."
The Partnership has also joined forces with two leading community groups—Durham Congregations, Associations, and Neighborhoods, and the Latino Community Credit Union—and the community's two leading medical facilities—Duke University Health System and Lincoln Community Health Center—to improve access to specialty medical services for the low-income, uninsured population in Durham County, making sure everyone in the community could benefit from the world-class research institutions and high-quality medical care that already existed in the county. Through a program called Project Access of Durham County, more than 700 clinicians have volunteered their time to serve more 4,340 patients through a network of clinics and private providers, laboratories, pharmacies and hospitals over the past four years. Durham County Government provides nearly $350,000 each year to the program's infrastructure and to date, value of the donated medical care to Project Access is calculated at about $14 million.
Durham Family Waiting
A Durham family waits to see a health care professional. Through Project Access, more than 4,000 patients get specialty care from medical professionals who volunteer their time at a network of clinics.
The Durham Clinic Pharmacy
The Partnership for a Healthy Durham has worked to connect the world-class medical resources in the community with the residents who need them the most.
Durham Patient Visit
Lincoln Community Health Center, a federally qualified health center that serves about 40,000 individuals, 80 percent of whom are uninsured.
Durham Dental Exam
Durham is working to connect its esteemed medical sectors with a community in need.
Project Access serves patients receiving primary care at Lincoln Community Health Center, a federally qualified health center that serves about 40,000 individuals, 80 percent of whom are uninsured. "The role that Lincoln plays cannot be overstated. Our community has become a community that knows how to partner, so not only does Lincoln offer services within the walls of the building, they have nine other locations in the community," said Harris.
The largest employer in Durham County, Duke University and Health System, is also a major stakeholder and partner in the overall wellness efforts. Leaders within the Duke University Health System are actively involved with the Partnership for a Healthy Durham and have been integrally involved in launching and supporting school health clinics and the Durham County Department of Public Health's Tooth Ferry mobile dental clinic, which travels to local schools to provide dental care.
Beyond Access to Care to a Healthy Environment
"Improving the health of the community is not just about access to care, it's about having a healthy environment," said Harris.
The Durham Bicycle and Pedestrian Advisory Commission plays a critical role in the county's Comprehensive Bike Transportation and Pedestrian Plans and participates in the review of site plans to ensure that pedestrian and bicycle amenities are included in new developments. Their efforts have helped to create 32 miles of dedicated bike lanes in Durham County. Based on community health assessment results demonstrating that many residents prefer to exercise within their neighborhood, two marked "Healthy Mile Trails" have been created to provide exercise opportunities to underserved communities and more are in progress.
Providing these opportunities for exercise also helps create strong social bonds across the community. Again, focused in the county's most historically under-served neighborhoods, Bull City Play Streets events are literally opening the streets to increase physical activity and social connectedness. The project was born through many community partners including the Partnership for a Healthy Durham, Clean Energy Durham, Triangle Transit and Durham CAN. The Partnership for a Healthy Durham later wrote a grant to support the City in managing the events along with support from County staff. Play Streets use community volunteers to provide activities and healthy food during weekend festivals, linking residents to running, biking, badminton, Zumba and other new forms of healthy activity.
Community leaders are also focusing on expanding access to healthy foods. The community's two farmers' markets accept EBT cards from the SNAP program, and Durham Public Schools converted an empty plot of more than 30 acres of land into the Farm Hub — a hands-on learning environment where students can grow and harvest healthy food, hike, bike and explore nature in a directed educational environment. A "Veggie Van" works with churches, childcare centers, community organizations and other nonprofits to deliver boxes of fresh, locally-grown fruits and vegetables to people who have limited access to these products.
"These programs are an opportunity to give people more choice, more access and in turn create healthier options," said Harris.
Durham County's most ambitious achievement in recent years has been the passage of a Board of Health Smoking Rule that limits smoking in many outdoor areas. In a region where tobacco sales were once the engine of the local economy, the new rule prohibits outdoor smoking on city and county property and abutting sidewalks and bus stops. It has been called one of the most progressive rules in the Southeast United States.
Reducing Unemployment and Improving Education
Durham Children Learning
East Durham Children's Initiative is designed to put children on a path to success from a very young age.
Durham Children Exercising
Durham gives its community's children the opportunity to get healthy while having fun.
Durham is home to a thriving economy and strong employer base, but a lot of residents are not trained for the high-skilled jobs that are available.
East Durham Children's Initiative (EDCI) is designed to put children on a path to success from a very young age. Modeled after the Harlem Children's Zone, EDCI is providing home-based parent support to families living in the zone and has helped to raise test scores of elementary school children in the program, particularly at Y.E. Smith Elementary School—one of the lowest performing schools in Durham Public Schools.
"What you see today is a dramatic turnaround in what Y.E. Smith was not too long ago. Now, you not only have engaged, excited children learning, but you also have the parents of those children area equally excited and engaged," said David Reese, president and CEO of EDCI.
The county has seen a steady improvement in high school graduation rates over the past five years—now at 80 percent, equipping students with the education and self-efficacy needed for careers and higher education opportunities post high school. Located in the same community as EDCI, Holton Career and Resource Center houses a virtual high school with onsite mentoring, a performance center and a career center that exposes students to careers ranging from cosmetology to computer engineering, reinforcing those opportunities for life-long success and good health.
Education and public sector leaders, business CEOs and community advocates are also participating in the Made in Durham Task Force to create a pipeline of education and training opportunities for local high school students to gain employment in Durham's thriving economy.
Working for the Greater Good
From increasing access to specialty medical care to improving educational outcomes, Durham's culture of health is built upon a collaborative effort driven by all aspects of the community. The efforts are paying off—in 2013, County Health Rankings data show that the teen birth rate, preventable hospital stays and the adult smoking rate have declined for each of the past four years. Finally, fewer lives are cut short by premature death.
"Bringing people together is not always easy, and voices have to be heard whether it's of your opinion or not," said Harris. "I heard once that true partnerships mean that people come together, they put their thoughts on the table and then they take their hands off. They allow people to work through things until they morph into something for the greater good."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


1 Timothy 2:11-12 has been used as a "clear" mandate to silence women in the church for over 1500 years. And enough is enough!
In What's With Paul & Women? Unlocking the Cultural Background to 1 Timothy 2, Jon Zens, author of A Church Building Every ½ Mile, exposes the fallacies of this interpretation, and opens up the meaning of 1 Tim.2:9-15 using insights gleaned from the Artemis-saturated Ephesian culture where Timothy was left to stand against false teaching (1:3).
Going beyond 1 Tim.2, this book covers the major issues in gender inequality with three Appendices: one on the Ephesian social world in which 1 Timothy was written, another on 1 Corinthians14:34-36 and an extensive review of John Piper's What's the Difference? Manhood & Womanhood Defined According to the Bible.
author of The Gospel:For Here Or To Go?
"This passionate, well-researched work is not only a fair treatment of the subject, but one that is biblically sound, drawing from the entirety of the Word of God. Intelligent, captivating, covering new ground — a must read!" ~Stephanie Bennett, Ph.D.
Jon earned his B.A. from Covenant College (1968), an M.Div. from Westminster Theological Seminary (1972), and a D.Min. from the California Graduate School of Theology (1983). He became the editor of Searching Together in 1978. Since 1979, he and his wife, Dotty, have traveled world-wide sharing with assemblies their insights about living under grace and extending grace to others.
What's With Paul and Women? Unlocking the Cultural Background to 1 Timothy 2 by Jon Zens will be released in paperback by Ekklesia Press during the first week of April, 2010.
The book is now available for preorder at www.jonzens.com!
This entry was posted on Monday, February 15th, 2010 at 5:14 pm	and tagged with 1 timothy 2, book review, gender inequality, jon zens, manhood and womanhood in the bible, paul on women, role of women, subjugation of women, the bible and women, the new testament and women, what's with paul and women?, women in ministry and posted in Christianity, Church, Religion & Spirituality, Reviews, Theology.	You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed.
I might just have to read this one. Have you read Gene Edwards' book "The Christian Woman. . . Set Free"? Gene really exposes how scripture has been carefully mistranslated so as to hide the respected position women had in the Church–contrary to much of the culture at the time.
Whoa, he is a former Westminster grad, now supporting women. interesting.
Jon Zens has obviously done his homework! With Scripture used in its proper context, this study of 1 Tim. 2 offers a broader panoramic view than any I have read. One cannot rightly deny the clear image which Jon paints of the Artemis cult and its tremendous impact on the church in Ephesus. With our lenses cleared of distorted interpretations we are enabled to clearly picture 1 Tim. 2 in this context; our understanding of God's Kingdom will be changed forever!
My heart leaps with excitement as I consider the freedom soon to be experienced and expressed by our brothers and sisters set free through God's Truths in What's with Paul & Women!
I was always troubled with the fact that numerous christian brothers and sisters have confirmed a speaking gift in me. So if God gave me a speaking gift, why would He then tell me to shut up. Never made much since. Grateful to Jon for his scholarly work in this area.
Do you have a link where this book can be bought?
There is a link at the end of the review.
Thanks for this review David. This is something I was thinking about just the other day.
This looks great. So glad to see men in positions of leadership and influence write about this…I have to add a however though….
I really, really do appreciate books like this. But again, where are the women to write such works and have them published? Just saying….
I don't understand your concern for Jon not taking on a female co-author. How can there be anything critical to be said of this dear brother's efforts to set the record straight from his own personal study? It's not less credible because it comes from a man. If anything, in this one major way, it may be more credible… since it is MEN that have oppressed women in the church for many years.
So… don't wait on women to write the books. Set your sights on taking on the task or writing a female theologian near you.
Thanks for your reply. Like I said, I do not mean to pick on this brother specifically. It's just another case of where's the woman?
You're right…I have Why Not Women? (gave five copies away when it came out!!) and yes, Janice helped with the crafting of the manuscript, but her POV is not a part of the content. I LOVE that book, especially being a former YWAMer.
I recognize that I am likely overly sensitive, as many women are, about this particular issue. And you are so right : I can sit here and complain about it or I can help be a part of the solution. Totally.
I am not familiar with the Grenz and Kjesbo book. I'll look for it at Amazon.
You know, I think I need to lighten up about whether it's a man a woman or whoever…if someone is writing about liberty among the genders then a great big YAY is needed. Harriet Beecher Stoww, a white middle-class woman, daughter of a minister, became a catalystic voice in the movement towards the abolishment of slavery when she wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin. Here she was, a white woman, able to capture the POV of a black slave in such a way that more than one nation was moved by her novel. Her voice, a non-black-non-slave voice became prophetic.
I need to remember that and not react out of my own frustration with the long history or gender inequity in the evangelical tradition. My frustration will keep me paralyzed. And really, I like to walk and run. Alot.
Ok. Recalibrated. Yay for Jon and this book of his. I will totally put it on my wish list of books and when I can get it, I will review it.
I ordered it! Only I guess it'll be a few weeks. Since I was at Jon Zens' site, I also ordered a couple of other things, and he was nice enough to write back and say he'd already sent them, but the new one wouldn't be available until sometime in March. (sigh) He does have a DVD of a talk on the same subject, so I'm looking forward to that! And I thought it was great of him to go ahead and send the rest of the order instead of waiting.
I'm not a theologian. I barely speak English, let alone Biblical Greek. I can only bring to the table my experience which is – when we remove all of the constructs of the modern church – and bring it back to a family, a meal, and a kitchen table – it really clears up a lot of these controversies. Dear sister can you pass me the bread and tell me what is on your mind?
Context context context… So many people who read this big compilation of a book forget that it was a bunch of letters (ok, Paul's letters were letters) pulled together for a group of specific people and citing a specific topic or issue. And get all uppity over one verse which is the be all that is the end all. The Bible doesn't mention modern conveniences but we have embraced them. Even the Amish make modifications, depending on their churches. Bending the rules. But can't go against our dear lord Paul. He founded our church after all! I've had many a heated debate with the men-in-power at my old church over these verses and listened to the wimminfolk-in-leadership defend them, saying they really didn't want to lead or be pastors anyway. So be it. I shake the dust off my feet and move on. Those who will not hear won't. It's a minor point. But I'll still go toe to toe with them if they get in my face and insist my place is in the kitchen or nursery and there only.
I 'm glad no one has said the cover art (with actual idol of Artemis/Diana of the Ephesians) disturbed them…as the designer, I was a bit worried it might put off some people, and asked Jon about possibly using a different image. Still, it is dramatic. Thoughts? input?
Hey, Mark. I love the cover! I even made a remark to Timothy about how well it was designed. Great job, bro.
This is definitely a book I'll want to get and read. The foreword was written by my pastor, Wade Burleson, who has taken a lot of grief from his SBC brethren. Thanks for the review!
Interesting. Does he challenge the viewpoint of John Piper and Wayne Grudem's book. I'm not sure that they teach a second-class citizenship (if that's what the book is getting at). Clearly there is a hierarchy in marriage and home – even in the Trinity. This does not lead to second-class. It is hard to see how this structure at home would not be reflected in anyway in the church.
But there I go, talking about a book I have not read. Oh well… Forgive me.
Hey Jared, I would argue (as does this book) that there is certainly "order" within the family (as well as the Trinity). I don't recall all of Piper or Grudem's specific views, but I'm sure it is in keeping with the SBC view I learned growing up. The challenge this book brings is done so while concerned with the biblical text within its historical context. I think you will enjoy the dialogue in conjunction with the thoughts of Piper and Grudem. There are also plenty of scholarly treatments of the Trinity as ordered relationship as opposed to what Jesus would call a Gentile (Roman) hierarchy. Miroslav Volf and Stanley Grenz are the first that come to my mind.
Mark, I love the cover! I helped edit this book and Jon sent a preview of this cover before the book went out. My first thought was, "WOW! This grabs my attention! I think it's perfect! Good job!


text:
Devin Kanach
Johnson Boys Lacrosse
Class: Senior | Pos: A
2010-2011 9 15 36
Career Totals: 9 15 36
FOS-Taken
FOS-Won
FOS-Win%
04/01/2011 vs. Westfield L 5-6 — 1 — — — — —
04/06/2011 @ St. Peter's Prep W 8-7 2 3 — 3 — — —
04/09/2011 vs. Clifton L 9-10 1 2 — 1 — — —
04/11/2011 vs. Summit L 3-16 — 1 — — — — —
04/13/2011 vs. Millburn L 7-17 — 1 — 1 — — —
04/14/2011 vs. New Providence W 13-4 — — — 2 — — —
04/16/2011 vs. Montclair Kimberley L 4-5 — — — 2 — — —
04/18/2011 vs. West Windsor South L 5-11 1 1 — 3 — — —
04/20/2011 vs. Scotch Plains L 11-12 — — — 3 — — —
04/25/2011 @ Madison L 5-16 — — — 1 — — —
04/27/2011 @ Morristown-Beard W 17-11 — 2 — 1 — — —
05/02/2011 vs. Columbia W 11-8 1 — — 3 — — —
05/04/2011 vs. Caldwell L 8-14 — — — 2 — — —
05/06/2011 vs. Scotch Plains W 19-13 1 1 — 4 — — —
05/09/2011 @ Oratory W 13-11 1 2 — 3 — — —
05/17/2011 @ Oratory W 12-10 — 1 — 3 — — —
05/19/2011 @ Gov. Livingston W 12-9 1 — — 4 — — —
05/19/2011 @ Gov. Livingston W 12-9 1 — — — — — —
Season Totals: 9 15 24 36 — — —
2010-2011 Featured Stats


Click logo for all RapidRun categories.
Designed for in-wall HDMI audio/video installations using pre-terminated break-away flying leads and wall plates with an in-wall runner.
Ideal for high resolution displays utilizing HDMI, this wall plate transmits HDMI signals through an Optical Runner cable and features VGA, 3.5mm Stereo Audio, and USB pass through ports.
*Each complete RapidRun Optical solution requires a break-away flying lead or wall plate to terminate each end of the runner cable. Each runner requires (2) break-away flying leads, (2) wall plates, OR (1) break-away flying lead and (1) wall plate.
*RapidRun Optical Runners are directional cables that require the TX to be installed at the source side and the RX to be installed at the display side.


The Pennsylvania Land Trust Association produced the 2014 publication Nature Play: Nurturing Children and Strengthening Conservation Through Connections to the Land. Authors Ken Finch and Andrew M. Loza explain how nature play enhances children's cognitive and emotional development. On pages 30 and 31, they provide lists of age-specific nature-related activities for children. Finch and Loza explain the connection between immersion in nature during childhood and the decision as an adult to serve as a steward of the natural world. They discuss the importance of unstructured nature play, along with the design of natural playscapes. The publication also addresses safety and liability concerns.
Finch, Ken, and Andrew M. Loza. Nature Play: Nurturing Children and Strengthening Conservation Through Connections to the Land. Harrisburg: Pennsylvania Land Trust Association, 2014. Copyright 2014 Pennsylvania Land Trust Association.


Cloudy in the morning, then off and on rain showers during the afternoon hours. High 52F. Winds SSE at 10 to 15 mph. Chance of rain 40%..
Rain showers early with overcast skies late. Low 47F. Winds SSE at 10 to 15 mph. Chance of rain 50%.
The 2019 Red Rolfe Male Athlete of the Year Award recipient, Timberlane wrestler Connor McGonagle, poses with Pam and Bill Pickford, accepting on behalf of their daughter, 2019 Jenny Thompson Female Athlete of the Year winner Amanda Bickford. Bickford, of Salem, starred for the Saint Anselm softball team.
Former award recipient Ahntwan Harris, his former NHTI assistant coach Simon Keeling and current NHTI assistant basketball coach Irvin Harris talk prior to the awards.
Red Rolfe Male Athlete of the Year Connor McGonagle, a Timberlane star wrestler, poses with Nick Vailas of the Board of Judges.
The Union Leader and the New Hampshire athletic community celebrated their annual sports banquet with The Leaders: A Celebration of New Hampshire Sports Champions at the Doubletree Hilton Manchester downtown hotel Sunday afternoon. John R. Clark Officials Award recipients were, from left, Butch Munce and Nancy Eastman. At far right are the grandsons of the late Lou Athanas, who was honored posthumously.
William Loeb Scholar-Athlete Award recipients Corinne and Julia Robitaille, star runners at Manchester West, pose with New Hampshire Union Leader President Brendan McQuaid.
Mary Hogan Mallon and Mike Moffett chat during Sunday's Leaders celebration.
Lizzie DiCroce, niece of Walter A. Smith Coaches Award winner Robert Mullen, and Robert Mullen's daughter, Mary Mullen, enjoy some time prior to the awards.
From left, Steve Hall, athletics official, Chris Sanborn, head football coach at Plymouth High, and Mo Bilodeau, retired high school basketball official, talk prior to the event.
Bob Mullen, Walter .A Smith Coaches Award recipient, Peter Cofran, director of athletics at Newfound and Chairman of the Board of Judges, and Bill Goodrich, Walter A. Smith Award recipient, get together for a photo prior to the ceremony.
The New Hampshire Union Leader and the New Hampshire athletic community celebrated accomplishments with the annual sports banquet, "The Leaders: A Celebration of New Hampshire Sports Champions" at the Doubletree Hilton Manchester downtown hotel Sunday. Among the award recipients were Walter A. Smith Coaches Award winners, from left, Robert Mullen, Ken Howe, Bill Goodrich, Mim Ryan, Steve Van Der Beken and Skip DuBois.
MANCHESTER — Less than two hours after receiving his award at the New Hampshire Union Leader's "The Leaders: A Celebration of New Hampshire Sports Champions" banquet Sunday, Paul Hogan was on the NHTI court coaching the Lynx men's basketball team.
Before donning his coaching whistle, Hogan, who is also NHTI's director of athletics, attended the Leaders event at the DoubleTree by Hilton Manchester downtown hotel to accept the James W. Desmarais Special Recognition Award, which is given out at the discretion of the New Hampshire Union Leader Board of Judges.
Hogan, who became NHTI's AD in 1999, transformed the school's sports programs from club to intercollegiate level.
Hogan said he moved the original time of NHTI's home game against the College of St. Joseph Sunday to make the annual event, which is sponsored by Apple Therapy Services, Express MED and Bedford Ambulatory Surgical Center.
Along with the special recognition award, the 2018 Union Leader Athlete of the Month and Athlete of the Year recipients, officials and coaches were also honored.
Timberlane of Plaistow wrestler Connor McGonagle, who was the March Athlete of the Month, received the Robert "Red" Rolfe Male Athlete of the Year award. May Athlete of the Month Amanda Bickford, who played softball at Saint Anselm College, was named the Jenny Thompson Female Athlete of the Year.
The Athlete of the Month and Athlete of the Year award winners are chosen by the New Hampshire Union Leader Board of Judges.
Then a junior at Timberlane, McGonagle won both the National High School Coaches Association Junior National Championship and New England Championship in the 132-pound weight class last March. Timberlane coach Barry Chooljian believes McGonagle, a Danville resident, is one of two New Hampshire high school wrestlers to ever win a national championship.
Then a senior at Saint Anselm, Bickford batted .395 (17 of 43) with seven runs scored, five RBIs and one walk last April. The Salem resident collected eight hits over five games in the NCAA Division II tournament in Salem, Va., where the Hawks finished as the runner-up. She graduated with the program record for career hits (237) and hits in a single season (88).
Bill Boynton, Michelle Pritchard, Nancy Eastman, of Newmarket, Butch Munce, of Berlin, and the late Lou Athanas, Sr., of Laconia, received the John R. Clark Officials Award.
The 2018 Walter A. Smith Coaches Award recipients were Keene State College baseball coach Ken Howe, former Sanborn of Kingston and current Timberlane field hockey coach Mim Ryan, former Gorham High School boys' soccer coach and current AD Bill Goodrich, Manchester Swim Team coach Steve Van Der Beken, Franklin High School softball coach Skip DuBois and Merrimack Valley of Penacook track and field co-coach Bob Mullen.
Mullen's father, Donald, who coached at Concord High School, received the same award in 1986.
"I'd like to thank the athletes — the young men and women that I've coached through the years — because they are what helped make me look so good," DuBois said.
Manchester West seniors and twin sisters Corinne and Julia Robitaille both received the William Loeb Scholar-Athlete Award, which honors athletic and academic performance. The Dartmouth-bound identical twins both run track and cross-country at West, hold leadership roles in both the National Honor Society and student council and will graduate as co-valedictorians of their senior class.
Lifelong Manchester resident John H. Trisciani was posthumously honored as the 49th recipient of the Carl Lundholm Award, which is presented annually to a New Hampshire citizen for their volunteer efforts to sustain athletic programs in their community.
Trisciani, who died this past September at age 82, began his coaching career with the Manchester Pony League in 1963, serving as either the league's president or as one of its coaches for 13 years. He was also the first coach of the Manchester West Rockets football team and went on to serve as the line coach for the Manchester Vikings football team.
"If my father was here, what he would probably say is he was just a guy who enjoyed helping other people's kids and giving them opportunities to be in first-class athletic programs," said Trisciani's oldest of four children, John C. Trisciani, who is an assistant coach with the Saint Anselm football team.


Film News at THN Welcome to our film news section here on THN. As you know, we update daily with all of the latest film news from Hollywood and around the world. Whether it's the latest trailers, posters or casting film news, you'll see it right here!
'E.T. – The Extra Terrestrial' at London's Royal Albert Hall. Best yet?


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Holiday Romance Series
One small town,
Six great stories!
Boxed Set includes
CUPID'S BILLIONAIRE BET
HER MOTHER'S DAY MIRACLE
HERS FOR THE SUMMER
ONE MOONLIT NIGHT
ONE CHRISTMAS KNIGHT
THE BEST MAN'S BABY
Cupid's Billionaire Bet (Book 1)
Lucias Creed can't believe his best friend is married. He'd thought they were a team, free and easy till the end. Particularly with amazing women like Josey Gribbe on the scene. Thankfully not every girl wants to get married.
Josey is happy for her married friends, but she is over being the bridesmaid. One day, she'll find her own Mr. Perfect. Have the home and family she longs for. But at this latest wedding reception, Josey won't cry into her champagne. Tonight, she's going to party!
Her Mother's Day Miracle (Book 2)
Nothing will stop Riley Mathis from giving his infant daughter a safe and stable life growing up. After his wife passed away during childbirth, Riley moved to Point St. Claire, Maine, where families are close and people simply care. So, who had he ticked off to be lumped with this neighbor from hell?
Aster Lawrence could do without her friendly, happy, handsome new neighbor poking around in her business. This time last year, her world was shot down in flames. She'd been keeping her head above water before Riley Mathis introduced her to his baby. How could she keep her distance—keep surviving—when they were both so easy to love?
Hers For The Summer (Book 3)
Ten years ago, Melanie Beachmere had been given the responsibility of her life: assume legal guardianship of her much younger sister. Melanie is still determined to make all the right choices for high school senior Phoebe…even the unpopular ones linked with a seventeen-year-old bad boy who recently breezed into town.
When a lawyer from Portland brings news of an inheritance left to Phoebe by a stranger, and a scandal from the past, Melanie's world is rocked. Then her sexy lawyer crosses the boundary from business to the bedroom, and Melanie discovers…attorney Logan Taylor has some dark secrets all his own.
One Haunted Moonlit Night (Book 4)
Former dot-com success Jack Mason doesn't believe in ghosts or goblins. He hadn't bought this old lighthouse and keeper's cottage in Maine because of its eerie past, but to indulge a childhood dream. Then photographer Sammy Briar blows onto the scene.
Sammy's story, delivered the night before Halloween at the site of a haunted grave, would raise the hair on the back of anyone's neck. Jack is intrigued, and not only by her tale. Everything about Sammy is captivating, mesmerizing, including her kiss. It's as if...
Well, it's as if they'd met before.
One Christmas Knight (Book 5)
Five days before Christmas, Emma Bagwell's structured existence spirals out of control. Her wayward sister has blown into town with a six-week-old who needs an emergency sitter for a week. Emma knows zip about babies, but after one look, she falls in love. And being a substitute mom is a great diversion from the one problem she can't seem to solve.
Doctor Damon Knight is even more infuriating than he is hot. Emma can't decide which she'd sooner forget…their no-holds-barred public argument or his very private bone-melting kiss. But when the baby comes down with a fever, then an alarming rash, Emma doesn't hesitate. Dropping his festive out-of-town plans, Damon comes to the rescue, and in more ways than one.


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Share this Story: CZECH POINTS: Here comes the Grey Cup
CZECH POINTS: Here comes the Grey Cup
Paul Svoboda
Feb 01, 2017 • February 1, 2017 • 2 minute read
Football's oldest trophy will appear next month in Belleville.
The Grey Cup will be on display at Northway Restaurant during a special fundraiser for Hospice Quinte on Friday, Feb. 24 from 6-8 p.m. For a donation, local CFL fans are being invited to attend the event and have their photo taken with the venerable gridiron chalice which was first awarded in 1909.
Braun Gheller, a videographer for the 2016 Grey Cup champion Ottawa Redblacks, is bringing the trophy to Belleville. A native of Hamilton, Gheller graduated in 2007 from Loyalist College where he studied television and media production planning.
Gheller's Quinte region uncles — Doug Elmore and Ben Vanderkooi — pitched him the idea of turning his visit into an event, while also assisting a local charitable organization.
"Braun brought it to us that he was planning to bring the Grey Cup to Belleville on his way home to Hamilton," said Elmore. "He thought if he was passing by Belleville he might as well stop here and let us have a look at it anyway. Ben and I then got the idea to make this an event and a fundraiser for a community organization."
After that, said Vanderkooi, "the idea kind of snowballed" and that's where the Northway came in. Planning to meet Gheller for supper anyway, and being friends with Ken Pappas of the Northway, the event suddenly had a venue.
"Ken was on board right away," said Vanderkooi.
Gheller joined the Redblacks in 2014 when the CFL returned to Ottawa after an absence of almost 10 years. Prior to that, he had spent two years as a video operator for his hometown Hamilton Tiger Cats.
With the Grey Cup champion Redblacks, Gheller is responsible for taping practices and home games for the coaching staff, plus analyzing game tape for off-season player recruitment and the annual CFL draft.
Before joining the Cats and then moving on to the Redblacks, Gheller worked four years for Rogers Media, editing broadcast film for Sportsnet and also piecing together show outlines, game highlights, information and commercials.
Elmore says Gheller is truly in his element in the CFL.
"He always wanted to work for a pro sports team," said Elmore.
• Need to know: The Redblacks' 2016 CFL title ended a 40-year Grey Cup drought in Ottawa.
CZECH POINTS
The mystery of the missing banners has apparently been solved.
Last week in this space, it was reported that — according to information gleaned from the Belleville rec department — OHL divisional, conference and championship banners belonging to the Belleville Bulls were taken when the club was sold and moved to Hamilton in 2015.
Latest reports received from the rec department this week indicate the banners have since been found and are in storage. Including the club's 1999 OHL championship, the Bulls banners might eventually be hung at the Belleville Sports Hall of Fame which is being relocated to the lounge area in the east wing of the Sports Centre.
This latest news also means this reporter owes an apology to former Bulls owner, wealthy Uxbridge businessman Gord Simmonds. It was jokingly suggested in this space last week that perhaps he had hung the Bulls banners in his own home.
Sorry, Gord.
CZECH POINTS: Here comes the Grey Cup Back to video


With a blossoming music and cultural scene, Nottingham is one of the most exciting cities in the world for live entertainment. The birthplace of blues rock band Ten Years After, the city has placed third in a UK survey of the very best live music venues.
At Entertainment Nation we've compiled all of the most polished and professional corporate entertainment in Nottingham. Take a look at our wide variety of acts below, whether you're looking for a soul and Motown band or an acoustic duo; a pop group or a big band, you'll find the sleekest in corporate entertainment here.


In Paper > Maps > Show & Tell.
This is a 1956 United States wall map from National Geographic Magazine.
Compiled by the cartographic section of the National Geographic Society in Washington, D.C. - A supplement to the September 1956 issue, stored in an acid-free plastic envelope, never unfolded or hung. - Also shows some sections of Canada and Mexico - only 48 U.S. states at printing time.


"Your own positive future begins in this moment. All you have is right now. Every goal is possible from here." – Lao Tzu – Do you live life in the moment or are you dwelling in the past? I am very grateful to have received this beautiful picture frame from FramedArt. I love seeing this quote every day because it's a reminder for me to live life in the moment! I am reminded that I have this exact moment to make things happen, become a bit better, and reach for my next goal. The past is in the past, so we shouldn't dwell or think of it. It doesn't do us any service to be thinking of past issues or pains. It's so important to focus on living life in the exact moment! If we focus on the tasks at hand, it will get us closer to our goals for our future! I want to share a few tips and reasons why it's important to live in the moment.
Remember that you are not your thoughts. I remember reading the line "you are not your thoughts" in a book and it struck a chord for me. Re-stating that line helped me to remember to focus on the now. So for instance, if I was having no welcoming thoughts, instead of focusing on them, I would pop in a funny movie or read an uplifting book and about 8 out of 10 times it would get me out of the negative mind frame and put me in the actual moment.
Appreciate what you have right now. Of course we need goals for our futures and we need to plan ahead for our future. You can read my two posts on goals here and here. It's crucial to appreciate what we have in the moment. If we are eating a piece of chocolate, really enjoy that bite instead of thinking about the chocolate cake you had yesterday that was 'better.' Savor and cherish each precious moment.
Being present helps you to be free. When I am in the present moment I feel more alive and free. For example, when I'm playing with my niece or dancing with her, I am in pure joy and freeness.
Living in the present helps release stress. When you are truly living in the present moment you are not thinking ahead or behind and just being. Your worries are gone and you are focusing on every breath, sound and smell. Short meditations can help relieve stress tremendously.
Reading helps you be in the present moment. When you read, you are thinking of only those words and living in the present. Reading has really helped me focus on the present moment. I especially love to read positive quotes. I encourage you to check out FramedArt for more inspiration on picture quote frames! They have a ginormous selection to choose from and you can't beat the prices!
I hope you enjoyed this post! Comment below with your favorite quote or a link to your favorite art work from FramedArt.com.


At this moment Orenburg from Russia on last 27 matches played, wins 21 times (77%), draws 4 times (14%) and loses 2 times (7%).
They scored 1.74 goals/match and and take approximative 0.37 goals/match.
In same manner, Krasnodar from Russia on last 28 matches played, wins 11 times (39%), draws 4 times (14%) and loses 13 times (46%).