text:
Boondall
Celtic Thunder
Tue 29 Jan 2013, 7:30pm
Where: Brisbane Entertainment Centre, Melaleuca Drive, Boondall, Queensland
Silver: $99.00
Platinum: $149.00
Gold: $119.00
Celtic Thunder Experience: $299.00
Listed by: beth9
By popular demand international music phenomenon Celtic Thunder is returning to Australia for an extensive capital city and regional tour in January and February 2013 - with tickets on sale Thursday August 30 at 9am.
This world renowned musical ensemble has even had the honour of performing for President Obama at the White House in 2009. The group are just about to embark on their fifth tour of the US this September before returning to Australia to wow their audiences again. "We had so much fun earlier this year, we can't wait to come back. Next year's tour is going to be even bigger and better!" said Celtic Thunder's Keith Harkin. "There's songs that appeal to people who know Celtic music but most people just come along for the music itself," he continued.
Formed in 2008, Celtic Thunder has celebrated worldwide sales approaching 2 million units and have a string of platinum and double platinum discs, with their recent DVD release 'The Show' having just gone triple platinum in Australia. This year they have gone on to become Universal Music Australia's highest selling artist on DVD for 2012. Globally they've sold over half a million concert tickets and their official YouTube channel 'Thunder Tube' has received over 28 million views since its inception in 2008 – certainly testament to the phenomenon that is... Celtic Thunder!
Celtic Thunder is comprised of five diverse performers who are each a powerhouse in both their solo and ensemble songs. The group is backed by the dynamic Celtic Thunder Band with their eye-catching choreography and dramatic lighting, staged within a setting that mimics ancient depictions of Celtic lore.
Celtic Thunder 2013 will feature the band's popular playlist; their own take on rock ballads and modern pop classics, plus plenty of stirring Irish tunes.
Brisbane Entertainment Centre, Boondall, Queensland
Tool In Concert: SOLD OUT
Thu 20 Feb 7:30pm
Backstreet Boys – DNA World Tour 2020
Wed 20 May 7:30pm
So Pop 2020
Fri 24 Apr 5:00pm
Iron Maiden – Legacy of the Beast Tour
Tue 5 May 7:30pm


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Mark Podwal (* 8. června 1945, New York) je americký spisovatel, ilustrátor a lékař. Věnuje se především židovské kultuře – historii, legendám a tradicím.

Dílo v češtině

Externí odkazy

 Oficiální stránky
 Mark Podwal - video z cyklu České televize Na plovárně

Američtí spisovatelé 20. století
Američtí spisovatelé 21. století
Američtí ilustrátoři
Američtí lékaři
Narození v roce 1945
Narození 8. června
Narození v New Yorku
Žijící lidé
Muži

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The Cornell Daily Sun (https://cornellsun.com/2002/04/11/shuler-to-head-new-biomedical-engineering-department/)
Shuler to Head New Biomedical Engineering Department
For the first time in its history, the University's College of Engineering will soon have an undergraduate curriculum in Biomedical Engineering. Michael Shuler, the Samuel B. Eckert professor of chemical engineering, has been named to lead the program.
The program will integrate life sciences into the engineering curriculum, and will exist at both the graduate and undergraduate levels.
"The curriculum will consist of an undergraduate minor and a Master of Engineering (M. Eng.) in biomedical engineering. It will provide students the breadth and depth they need to be successful in the biomedical engineering profession," said Shuler. "I think our philosophy is that students in this profession will be most served by the combination of these degrees."
"It's the first time we've had a program for a biomedical engineering curriculum. It's a very important component [of the] engineering department," said Prof. Donald Bartel, mechanical and aerospace engineering. "I think it will be very important in attracting new students to Cornell."
Shuler's new position will be as the director of the cross-campus program in biomedical engineering (BME).
"[My job] will be to establish a successful curriculum and to hire faculty that will make our program among the top ranked in the country."
In 1993, Shuler was director of the first program to offer a bioengineering option in the College of Engineering. In 1998 he became director of the School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering within the engineering college.
"What we have at Cornell right now reflects Mike Shuler's vision, and the fact that we've gotten this far is a credit to him," said Prof. Marjolein van der Meulen, mechanical and aerospace engineering.
Van der Meulen is co-chair of the Bioengineering Bridge Search Committee and is involved in the selection of faculty candidates for the program.
"We're looking for people who are able to teach courses in the minor at the interface between the disciplines," she said.
The program will differ from previous versions of bioengineering in the engineering college in that it will be offered by a college, not by a department, and will present a unified curriculum that will build on itself successively. It will also avoid unnecessary overlap between parallel classes in engineering and biology.
"We're working on creating an undergrad minor that will consist of Bio G110, biochemistry and four new bioengineering classes that go from the molecular to the physiological systems level."
These new courses will be offered at the 400 level and will commence next fall with Chem E (later BME) 401, Molecular Principles of Bioengineering. In addition, Bio G110 will feature a one-credit supplement that will consist of an extra lecture and lab taught by an engineering professor.
"We'll be learning as we go with these classes. We think that eventually these classes will involve team teaching by biology and engineering professors," Shuler said.
The Masters of Engineering program in BME will not begin immediately, as approval is needed at both the state and college level.
"We hope to get approval from New York State in perhaps two years to offer the M. Eng. program," Shuler added.
The program will also receive space in Kimball Hall for a laboratory which will be equipped with the help of a $400,000 grant from Intel Corporation. Instruction will be provided in four core areas: drug delivery, nanobiotechnology, biosensors and bio-micro-electro-mechanical systems.
Shuler sees one of the main strengths of the new program in the diversity of instruction available at Cornell.
"We'll have students come out of this that will be very attractive to employers. We currently have great strengths in the areas of biomechanics, biophysics and instrumentation, drug delivery and metabolism and biomaterials. We'd like to augment these strengths, and we'll be looking to hire strategically to get the best qualified faculty we can."
Though the program will only be offered to engineering students initially, as other colleges approve the curriculum it will become available to an increasing number of students across the University. The BME program will also cooperate with a number of other departments.
"We'll be working with the Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering in the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, the Weill Medical College in New York and the Department of Neurobiology and Behavior. We want to become a bridge between the life sciences and some of the more traditional areas of engineering," Shuler said.
Archived article by Jennifer Frazer
Baseball Prepared for Second Ivy Weekend
This weekend, the baseball team (9-14, 1-4 Ivy) will travel to Brown and Yale to play its second round of Ivy contests. Cornell's endurance was tested early this week as its Saturday doubleheader with Dartmouth was postponed until Monday for inclement weather. It was unsuccessful in a twinbill against Harvard, split the following day with the Green, and 24 hours later traveled to Binghamton and swept a pair of games 6-5 and 9-1. Head coach Tom Ford did not think, however, that the string of games took a toll on the team. "They are young guys and they know what they are doing," he said. "Hopefully they are in good enough shape to be able to do that." What the team does hope to get out of its wins over the Bearcats is momentum going into tomorrow's games. "That kind of thing always gets you going a little bit," senior centerfielder Andrew Luria commented. "We hope we can grab some momentum from [those games]. We played some pretty good baseball and played well defensively," Ford agreed. "So, hopefully we can build upon that, but each time you go out, you definitely have to do it again." The weekend's first challenge will come against Yale (6-14, 1-3). The Bulldogs are coming off a tough stretch. Last weekend, it lost two games to Columbia and split with Penn, then lost a single game to Iona College on Wednesday 8-2. Despite the losing record, six of the Bulldogs' defeats have come by only one run. Outfielder Chris Elkins is leading the team with a .372 average. He also has one home run on the year, a grand slam two weeks ago in the team's 14-2 win over New Haven. Second baseman Stephen Duke has a .333 average and is the only other player on the team hitting above .300. "They have been playing pretty good defense and are getting pretty good pitching and it seems like their bats are coming around a little bit lately too," Ford said. On Sunday, Cornell will then travel to Providence, R.I., to face Brown (11-13, 2-2). Winners of five of its past seven games, the Bears split two doubleheaders with Penn (6-18, 2-6) and Columbia (13-12, 3-1) last weekend. On Wednesday, Brown also split with the University of Rhode Island. In game one, John Cappello (1-1) threw a two-hit complete game shutout with two walks and six strikeouts for a 6-0 victory. The Bears dropped the nightcap 6-5 in extra innings. Offensively, catcher Greg Metzger is leading the team with a .352 average. In last weekend's league games, he was 9-for-13 with a home run, two doubles and six RBI. For his efforts, the catcher was named co-Ivy League player of the week. In the team's win against Rhode Island, Metzger was 2 for 4 with a double and two RBI and he enters the weekend riding an 11-game hitting streak. The Red will likely also face pitcher Jonathon Stern (4-2). He was the victor in the team's 2-1 win over Penn last weekend giving up the run on two hits with six strikeouts. He owns a 3.99 ERA with a team high 26 strikeouts. He was also named Ivy League Pitcher of the Week earlier this season. "Brown is an all-around good baseball team with good pitching, they have some good hitters and they like to run, so it will be a good challenge," Ford scouted. "We know they are a good team." For Cornell, senior Brendan McQuaid (2-2) will take the mound in the first game against Yale and freshman Conor Kelly (0-2) will pitch in the nightcap. On Sunday, senior Erik Rico (1-3) will pitch in the first contest and sophomore Dan Baysinger (1-2) will wrap up the weekend's play in the final game. "It has been good at times, and sometimes we have faltered a bit, but for the most part, the starters have done a good job keeping us in the game," Ford said of the starting pitchers' effort thus far in the season. "Two of our four starters are older guys (Rico and McQuaid) and have been starters for four years, so I think that helps a lot with their experience and leadership, and the younger guys have been following in their footsteps," Luria explained. "The pitchers have pitched pretty well, but we beat ourselves when we don't make good defensive plays and it costs us the game." The Red has struggled for consistent fielding this season, and will continue to work on that aspect of its game this weekend. "Of course defense, that's the thing that's going to get us the wins and it's what has killed us in the past," Luria said of the team's goals. "The offense has been there pretty much consistently through the season, so we can usually count on that. If everybody does his job, we will be successful." Contributing significantly to Cornell's success from the batter's box is Rico. Named both co-Ivy League Offensive Player of the Week and ECAC Player of the Week for his outstanding play against Penn and Dartmouth, the pitcher/right fielder dominated in all aspects of the game. Including the team's earlier loss to Penn State and the two double headers last weekend, Rico went 10-for-17 with two doubles, two triples, a home run and six RBI. He was also the winning pitcher in the 3-2 victory over Dartmouth, throwing six innings and striking out nine. "He is swinging the bat really well. It is nice to see because he works really hard at it," Ford said. The head coach and senior both took similar overall views of the weekend's matchups, encompassing the team's one-game-at-a-time mentality. "It's going to be like any other weekend. We just have to go out and play the way we know how to play," Luria concluded. "This league is pretty tough and everybody is evenly matched, so it's just a matter of how you execute on game day," Ford encapsulated. "It would be nice to get on a roll here."Archived article by Katherine Granish
Greeks Clean Up Collegetown
Members of the various fraternities and sororities under the Interfraternity Council (IFC) and Panhellenic Association (Panhel) combined their efforts on Sunday, April 7 to clean up Collegetown. Close to 250 students participated in Collegetown Clean Up, an annual event in which members of the Greek system clean up the streets of Collegetown in the morning. The area cleaned ranged from Route 79 to Oak Street and from Stewart Avenue up to Elmwood. The volunteers collected over 100 bags of trash in the area. "Helping the community is nothing new for the Greek system, but it's never bad to do a little more, said Gabriel Slater '04," a member of Phi Psi fraternity. The City of Ithaca sponsored the event by providing trash bags, a trash compactor and a truck free of charge to take the garbage away from Collegetown. The Nines, a restaurant in Collegetown, provided space for the event as the central point where the students met to get their street assignments and receive free t-shirts as a reward for their participation efforts. This year, the fraternities that had the highest number of volunteers participating in the clean-up were Zeta Psi, Kappa Sigma and Sigma Epsilon Phi. The Delta Delta Delta and Delta Gamma sororities had the most participants for the sororities. "It was very beneficial and it was very well run. It did a lot for the community. It had a really good turn-out and the work wasn't hard. It was probably allocated to just enough people so it was simple to do," said Mario Rivera '04, vice president of the Zeta Psi fraternity. "This event is important because [we are] members of the Cornell community," said Paul El-Meouchy '03. "We all use Collegetown, we go out in Collegetown and we don't realize the mess that we leave this neighborhood in. I am really proud of the Greek community for showing their support for this event because the Greeks represent a fraction of the residents of Collegetown, yet they are the ones coming and cleaning up the neighborhood." "There were a few girls who participated from our house. I think it's a really great way for the members of the Greek system to positively influence the community. Also, it's a good way for us to meet members outside of our houses in the Greek system," said Michelle Sarlo '02, a sister of the Kappa Delta sorority. Some students disapproved of the way the event was constructed. "I fundamentally disagree with the concept of Collegetown Clean Up because it implies that people in frats an sororities are littering Collegetown," Katherine Klein '03 said. "I would have no problem cleaning up areas of North and West campus where frats and sororities hold parties, or if both non-Greek and Greek people jointly participated in Collegetown Clean Up. I think that the non-Greek people hold more house parties in Collegetown and should participate more in Collegetown clean up," she said. Archived article by Veronika Belenkaya

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


When he finally managed to get a go on his older brother�s brand new ZX Spectrum, unbeknownst to Sam he was embarking on a lifetime love of games and being British. When Sir Clive Sinclair stopped making computers Sam had to admit that he needed to buy some consoles made further afield and he has not looked back since; owning every single console since the Super Nintendo.
As one of four, he learned fast to share a multi-tap and play games such as �Bomberman� and �Snowboard Kids�. Now as a Librarian he believes in world peace and harmony, shunning the world of competitive gaming in favour of co-op. You can find him online in a variety of places from shooting terrorists in �Rainbow 6 Vegas� to tending his garden in �Viva Pi�ata: Trouble in Paradise�.
As a Librarian, Sam is also an avid reader and would encourage you all to try a book once in a while (and keep him in a job).
Dead Rising 4 has been out for a while on Xbox One and PC, but what about PlayStation 4 owners? Come December 5th they need wait no more as the game is getting a release on Sony's console, but Frank's Big Package offers more.
The original The Escapist was a great game, but lacked a certain something . . . co-op! This is rectified in the upcoming The Escapists 2 as up to 4 players can use drop in online/offline co-op to help each other break free from the Clink. To celebrate the release date of August 22nd, a new trailer has been released.
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The Golf Course Study Committee makes recommendations to the City Council about operations of the Heritage Oaks Golf Course, including how to improve its financial performance.
Heritage Oaks Golf Course is now offering a new way to book Tee-Times online!
The mission of the Harrisonburg Department of Parks and Recreation is to enhance the quality of life and meet the needs of every citizen by providing comprehensive leisure service opportunities and to develop and maintain a safe system of open space and public facilities for the use and enjoyment by the public.


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Lady Ferns
Great Spangled Fritillary Butterfly on Butterfly Weed
Central is located on US Highway 41 about five miles east of Phoenix, Michigan. Central Mine was organized in 1854 to mine a vein of copper exposed by a pit dug by earlier Ojibwa Indian miners. One of the most noteworthy Central, or Central Mine, a village that once was the home for over 1,200 people, and the site of one Keweenaw's most successful mines. The mine, opened in 1854, produced nearly 52 million pounds of copper by the time it closed in 1898. It closed in 1898, having paid dividends of nearly two million dollars on an original investment of $100,000.
Keweenaw County Historical Society, 670 Lighthouse Road, Eagle Harbor, MI 49950
Keweenaw Peninsula Chamber of Commerce, 902 College Avenue, Houghton, MI 49931, Phone: (906) 482-5240
Copper Harbor Michigan Snowmobile Trail Report
Keweenaw County Michigan Snowmobile Trail Map
Keweenaw Peninsula Michigan Snowmobile Trail Report
Hancock Community Based Outpatient Clinic [VA Medical Facilities], 787 Market Street, Hancock, MI 49930-1495, Phone: (906) 482-7762


Just a quick note to folks lucky enough to get their hands on a Retina Macbook Pro. A small number of users have mentioned an issue with their Windows Virtual Machine not maintaining a constant screen resolution. We are here to report the quick fix.
From the applications folder right click on VMware Fusion, and select: "get info".
Then from the info window check the box titled: "Open in low resolution"
Once this box has been selected, you are good to go. Windows will match the screen resolution of OS X just like you would expect.
This entry was posted in Uncategorized on July 24, 2012 by Thor Juell.
Any word of a version with Retina support?
– render to fullscreen using all resolutions exposed by OSX, a set of HiDPI ones and native ones.
I agree with Jason's comment. 1:1 mapping would be nice.
This hardly qualifies as "optimizing" Fusion for the display, as the Mountain Lion post claims.
optimize: to make as effective, perfect or useful as possible; to make the best of.
My experience was that my VM was virtually unusable until I checked that little box… so I think the statement was pretty accurate.
I tried this and as I havent got version VM 5 It does not give the option you refer to ?
Retweet Favorite powered by socialditto ChrisRReganChris ReganSarah Palin on Today show.
of clay and water and left to dry before final smoothing and sanding ' the choice is yours. Garden sheds are no longer just a dreary collection of loose boards hidden away at the back of the garden.
This etchings are the book that you reads a lot above his Earth. I want to create action packed patches! Blast. Just think that we got a hold of your blasting while he are made to yell to you that they are a smile man.


text:
A Family of Givers
on July 1, 2010 in Stories by Melissa Currence
Rich Boehne described it as "voluntary redistribution." He and his wife, Lisa, find it natural to share what they have with their community." Both of us are from blue-collar families, we're first-generation college-educated," he said.
Rich Boehne described it as "voluntary redistribution." He and his wife, Lisa, find it natural to share what they have with their community." Both of us are from blue-collar families, we're first-generation college-educated," he said. "Somehow I ended up the vice president of a company. (Boehne is President and CEO of The E.W. Scripps Company.) We give back because you should."
As Northern Kentucky residents, the Boehnes said they focus on "our side of the river." They also use their donor advised fund at GCF to benefit faith-based organizations that provide basic human needs.
"We give to a lot of small churches and organizations that are struggling," Lisa said.
"The larger organizations are so good at raising money and so many small ones don't have the means," Rich added. "We try to find those that are off the general radar screen. We can help them do something specific."
The Boehnes' teenage sons have taken their example to heart. Jake and Luke, 15 and 18, are active volunteers. Both boys worked at a Mexican orphanage with their youth group. Jake tutors students at Highlands High School. Luke's classmates call him for advice on where to do community service hours. When asked what they wanted for Christmas, both boys chose to sponsor children with AIDS in Africa.
"They really are givers," Lisa said.
The Boehnes encourage their sons to volunteer at some of the organizations the family supports financially. The boys have worked at New Hope Street Ministry in Newport, the Isaiah Project of Highland Hills Baptist Church and the Freestore Foodbank in Cincinnati. The Boehnes believe it's important that children growing up in suburbia be exposed to what they might not see otherwise.
In the future, Jake and Luke will be encouraged to give to their favorite charities using the family fund at GCF.
"We believe you should give back and GCF makes it easy," Lisa said.
The Boehnes established a donor advised fund in 2001 and in 2004, set up a field of interest fund for Northern Kentucky.
*This story was originally published in GCF's 2004 Annual Report to the Community.
Nonprofits awarded $403,011 to support Environmental Sustainability
"We do not inherit the Earth from our ancestors; we borrow it from our children."
This time-honored concept — even more urgent today — is a vital component of the cultural heritage of our beloved community. To help, Greater Cincinnati Foundation is investing in Environmental Sustainability. Through strategic support of innovative collaborations, GCF is partnering with forward-thinking organizations generating ecological stewardship for generations to come.
These grant funds will be used to increase and restore natural and green spaces, reduce landfill waste, monitor and improve water quality, increase energy efficiencies in buildings and foster education opportunities. They will also inspire higher participation rates in outdoor recreation and environmental volunteer efforts.
The funds dedicated to improving Environmental Sustainability came from endowments created by donors. We are honored to help these generous individuals continue their legacy to our region's environment. To amplify their impact, GCF inspired current donors to join this mission and collectively we increased the total contribution to these outstanding organizations by $96,620, for a total impact of $403,011 towards building a more vibrant community.
2018 Ensuring Environmental Sustainability Grantees
Brick Gardens
$25,000 for the St. Aloysius Bond Hill Urban Farm
Cincinnati Nature Center*
$25,000 for Beyond Removal: Collaboration to Restore Native Habitats
Civic Garden Center of Greater Cincinnati
$25,000 for Environmental Education for Everyone
Easter Seals TriState*
$25,000 for Building Value Lumber Processing project
Enright Urban Ecovillage
$21,000 for the Beautify Land and Expand Opportunities for Increased Local Organic Produce project
Great Parks Forever
$25,000 for Preparing to Restore Sharon Lake at Sharon Woods
Green Umbrella
$24,421 for Partnering with the Avondale Community to Increase Opportunities for Outdoor Activity and Education project
Groundwork Cincinnati/Mill Creek*
$25,000 for the Sustainable Pathways project
$19,600 for the Branching Out Expansion project
Joy Outdoor Education Center Foundation Inc.*
$12,500 for the Zero In Ten: Camp Joy Goes Big on Sustainability project
Keep Cincinnati Beautiful
$25,000 for Cincinnati is Beautiful
Life Learning Center, Inc.
$18,573 for the Environmental project
New Life Furniture*
$10,000 for Diverting and reducing solid waste while furnishing empty houses
New Prospect Baptist Church
$25,000 for the Compost to Produce project
Northside Community Council/Northsider LLC
$25,000 for the Northside Composting Pilot
Outdoor Adventure Clubs of Greater Cincinnati, Inc.
$25,000 for Ecological Education through Wilderness Exposure
Renaissance Covington
$25,000 for The Zero Waste Way: Transforming Our Public Events project
Urban Blooms
$25,000 for GROW Cincinnati
*Fully funded by anonymous foundation partner
GCF's Mission
As a trusted and connected partner, we inspire generous people to invest in a more equitable and vibrant region, now and for generations to come.
CINCINNATI (March 5, 2016)—The Greater Cincinnati Foundation has developed this family philanthropy toolkit for you and your family to cultivate your own giving legacy.
Create a Family Philanthropy Plan in 5 Steps:
Step 1: Know Your Giving Style
Step 2: Involve Your Family
Step 3: Create a Giving Plan
Step 4: Create Your Philanthropic Mission Statement
Step 5: Plan for the Future
We invite you to explore these tools with your family. If you are interested in working with The Greater Cincinnati Foundation to develop your family's philanthropy, contact a member of the Giving Strategies Team or call 513-241-2880.
The Greenlight Fund and The Greater Cincinnati Foundation Make $2.4 Million Investment to Bring Family Independence Initiative to Cincinnati
Pictured from the left: Jesus Gerena, Family Independence Initiative (FII); Vashti Rutlege, FII; Ellen M. Katz, GCF; Tara Noland, Greenlight Fund
CINCINNATI (August 14, 2017) —The Greenlight Fund, in partnership with The Greater Cincinnati Foundation, announced today a multi-million-dollar initiative to fight family poverty in our region. Together, they are investing $2.4 million to bring the Family Independence Initiative—and its innovative model of trusting and investing in family solutions—to Cincinnati and Northern Kentucky. This includes a $1.8 million grant from The Greater Cincinnati Foundation and its donors, the single largest grant in the history of the Foundation.
"We know that thousands of families are struggling with poverty, and we need to rethink how we invest in families and their upward mobility," said Tara Noland, Executive Director of GreenLight Cincinnati. "We are excited to have the Family Independence Initiative bring their model to our region and learn from their data on what Cincinnati families in our community need to escape poverty."
"As our region's community foundation, our role is to create a community where everyone can thrive," said Ellen M. Katz, president and CEO of The Greater Cincinnati Foundation. "Our region is literally bursting with new energy and progress, yet we still have many in need. GCF and its donors are seeking new and innovative programs to help families in Greater Cincinnati and Northern Kentucky who have yet to benefit from that progress. FII is one such program and we're excited to ensure we can rapidly deploy FII in our community."
Founded in 2001, The Family Independence Initiative brings a new approach to fighting poverty by trusting and investing directly in low-income families across the nation so they can work individually and collectively to achieve prosperity. Families that partner with FII set goals they want to achieve, such as purchasing a home or continuing their education, and work together to help each other meet those goals. FII provides them with the technology platform to track their progress and then gives them access to resources, including cash, to accelerate the solutions that they've discovered themselves.
With sites in seven cities across the country, FII has partnered with more than 2,000 families investing in their solutions to escaping poverty. On average, during two years of engagement with FII, families report: a 23 percent increase in monthly income, 60 percent decrease in subsidies such as TANF and SNAP, a doubling of their annual income and assets, and increased education outcomes from their children.
Over the next four years, FII will work with community based organizations and other partners to reach 500 families in multiple neighborhoods across Cincinnati. They will be convening a launch team to help identify the neighborhoods they should focus on as well as families they should recruit.
"All families across America should have access to the resources and opportunities needed to achieve their dreams and we look forward to doing just that right here in the region," said Jesús Gerena, Chief Executive Officer of The Family Independence Initiative. "While our initial goal is to reach 500 families, we hope to find more partners to double or triple that goal. Cincinnati benefits when all its families are economically thriving."
In addition to the multi-year investment made by the Greenlight Fund and The Greater Cincinnati Foundation, FII's expansion to Cincinnati is also supported by contributions from The Mayerson Foundation and SC Ministry.
Learn more about GCF's investment in the Family Independence Initiative
Watch the August 14 press conference video
Having trouble? View on Facebook.
About The GreenLight Fund
The GreenLight Fund transforms the lives of children, youth and families in high-poverty urban areas by creating local infrastructure and a consistent annual process to: identify critical needs; import innovative, entrepreneurial programs that have a significant, measurable impact; and galvanize local support to help programs reach and sustain impact in the new city. Working in Boston since 2003, Philadelphia and the San Francisco Bay Area since 2012, Cincinnati since 2015 and most recently Charlotte in 2017, GreenLight aims to grow a national network of GreenLight sites that learn and work collaboratively to find and spread proven nonprofit solutions that achieve meaningful and measurable impact in our communities on the issues that matter most. Founding investors in GreenLight Cincinnati include the Deaconess Associations Foundation, Bethesda Inc., the Cincinnati Regional Business Committee, Interact for Health, Procter and Gamble, United Way of Greater Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's, Duke Energy Foundation, the Cincinnati Business Committee, Bank of America and a number of individual investors.
One of the nation's leading community foundations, The Greater Cincinnati Foundation helps people make the most of their giving to build a better community. We believe in the power of philanthropy to change the lives of people and communities. As an accredited community foundation, GCF creates a prosperous Greater Cincinnati by investing in thriving people and vibrant places. An effective steward of the community's charitable resources since 1963, the Foundation inspires philanthropy in eight counties in Ohio, Kentucky, and Indiana. At the end of 2016, GCF had net assets of $563 million.
(August 17, 2017)—The Greater Cincinnati Foundation recently made the largest grant in its 54-year history to the Family Independence Initiative (FII) for $1.8 million. GCF and its partner, the GreenLight Fund, held a press conference with FII to announce this investment.
Read the media coverage about this historic investment:
Organization announces initiative to end family poverty, WKRC (August 14, 2017)
COLUMN: Here's why she's the perfect person to help put us on the map for reducing poverty, WCPO.com (Aug. 14, 2017)
Family Independence Initiative to partner with 500 impoverished families, Cincinnati Enquirer (Aug. 14, 2017)
Poverty-fighting organization FII is starting operations in Greater Cincinnati, WCPO.com (Aug. 14, 2017)
New Poverty-Fighting Initiative Launched In Cincinnati, WVXU (Aug. 14, 2017)
Fund created by Cincinnati business leaders invests $2.4M in family initiative, Cincinnati Business Courier (Aug. 15, 2017)
Joan and Wm. T. (Bill) Robinson III Awarded 2018 Devou Cup
The Northern Kentucky Fund of the Greater Cincinnati Foundation, celebrating its 20th anniversary this year, was delighted to name Joan and Wm. T. (Bill) Robinson III as recipients of the 2018 Devou Cup during the Northern Kentucky Chamber of Commerce Annual Dinner on September 20.
The Devou Cup honors the generosity of individuals who make a profound difference in the quality of community life in Northern Kentucky, now and into the future. Named for 19th century philanthropist William Devou, the Cup has been awarded to exemplary philanthropic leaders since 2004.
"Joan and Bill Robinson created a charitable legacy in our region that endures and inspires," said Ellen Katz, president/CEO of GCF.
The long list of their civic and philanthropic leadership demonstrates the depth of their commitment to our community, and especially to children and adults with disabilities as reflected by five decades of partnership with Redwood School and Rehabilitation Center. In honor of his and Joan's dedication to human services and the arts, Bill served on numerous charitable boards and committees including the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra, Taft Museum of Art, Freestore Foodbank, YMCA of Greater Cincinnati, United Way of Greater Cincinnati. And they ardently supported Thomas More College, where they first met.
The Member-in-Charge of Frost Brown Todd's Northern Kentucky office until his passing in 2017, Bill gained national prominence as President of the American Bar Association (2011-12). He also championed economic development in Northern Kentucky.
The Greater Cincinnati Foundation salutes their leadership and generosity in our region.
About The Northern Kentucky Fund
The Greater Cincinnati Foundation and its donors have granted more than $40 million to Northern Kentucky nonprofit organizations in the last two decades. The Northern Kentucky Fund brings together donors with the common goal of enhancing the quality of life in in Boone, Campbell, and Kenton counties.
To learn more: www.nkyfund.org.
As the region's leading community foundation, the Greater Cincinnati Foundation connects people with purpose in an eight-county region in Ohio, Kentucky and Indiana. GCF is leading the charge toward a more vibrant Greater Cincinnati for everyone – now, and for generations to come. As of 2017, GCF is the 35th largest U.S. community foundation with net assets of $649 million.
$1.8 Million Investment in Family Independence Initiative Reaps Life-Changing Returns
In 2017, Greater Cincinnati Foundation, together with its generous donors, made the single largest investment in its history: $1.8 million to partner with the Greenlight Fund to bring the Family Independence Initiative (FII) to Greater Cincinnati and Northern Kentucky. The commitment is a reflection of GCF's new focus on building a more equitable community and connecting people with purpose. GCF believes in the innovative FII model because it trusts and empowers families to determine their goals to move themselves out of poverty, individually and collectively through cohort groups. Cincinnati is the eighth U.S. city to participate in the FII program. Its two-year, data-driven process, backed by technology that tracks results, produces significant — even life-changing — outcomes.
A year after FII's launching here, GCF's deep, concentrated stake is paying powerful financial and social dividends. To date, more than 179 families — from Middletown to Alexandria, and Northgate to Bethel — have enrolled in FII, exceeding the program's first-year goal.
FII - Cincinnati families are reporting that during the first six months of engagement, on average:
In addition to financial progress, the cohort groups harness the value of social capital exchanges — help they give to and receive from friends, family and neighbors through such activities as child care, preparing meals and providing transportation. To date, Cincinnati-FII families have exchanged an estimated $34,000 in such social capital exchanges; that figure increases as their community engagement and relationship building grow.
Marcia Worsham and Carla Belcher, two single mothers enrolled in FII here, have made tremendous strides. "The fire inside of me has been reignited since I have been setting my goals in my monthly journal," said Marcia. Completing those goals — including paying off debt, building emergency savings, enrolling her two children in gymnastics and obtaining a life insurance policy — has been empowering. "That just makes you want to move on to the next goal and continue to chip away at the things that seemed like mountains before."
Carla, an artist, was inspired by her participation at the PolicyLink Equity Summit in Chicago, especially its Mobilizing Arts and Culture in the Equity Movement workshop. "I had always wanted to start my own business, not just to sell my work but to spark social change in North College Hill," she said. "Bouncing ideas off of other workshop attendees taught me that equity can begin with subtle changes. I was inspired to go home and make my dream a reality."
GCF's initial investment accelerated the original commitment from 200 to 500 families. FII Cincinnati's new goal, thanks to GCF's substantial commitment along with its generous donors, is to partner with 1,000 families over four years.
Here are ways to join GCF in advancing the transformative success of FII-Cincinnati:
The GreenLight Fund Cincinnati will celebrate FII at its Cinnovation: An Evening of Innovation and Inspiration event from 5:30 to 8:30 p.m. Oct. 18 at Rhinegeist Brewery, 1910 Elm St., Over-the-Rhine. To attend Cinnovation as our guest, please call Venita Turner at 513-768-6162 or email Venita.Turner@gcfdn.org.
To learn more about supporting FII families, contact our Donor and Private Foundations Services staff. A contribution of $2,500 will directly fund a family's participation for two years.
Tagged With: Donors, Northern Kentucky


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ONE Group main products includes Korea HKT split bearings, Products widely used in metallurgy, mining, electricity generation, cement, paper, machinery, petroleum, chemical industry, automation equipment and other industries.


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McALLEN — Authorities in South Texas have made 16 arrests in recent weeks as part of a nationwide crackdown on health-care fraud, U.S. Attorney Kenneth Magidson said Thursday.
The investigations in McAllen, Brownsville and Laredo involved a range of home health-care businesses and medical professionals complicit in defrauding the government out of nearly $8 million, officials said.
Four people were arrested in Brownsville on health-care fraud and identify theft charges for children's therapy services that were not provided. In a separate investigation, four others were arrested in Laredo on charges of conspiracy to pay and receive kickbacks, health-care fraud and harboring undocumented immigrants in a scheme totaling nearly $3 million.
Across the country, law enforcement agencies have targeted hundreds of people in schemes to defraud the government out of $712 million using false billing schemes to the Medicare and Medicaid programs, authorities said.
Attorney General Loretta E. Lynch said during a Thursday news conference in Washington D.C. that Medicare Fraud Strike Force operations in 17 cities have netted charges against 243 people, including 46 doctors, nurses and other medical professionals.
Since its inception in 2007, the strike force has charged more than 2,300 people for false billings of more than $7 billion to the Medicare program.


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From the earliest stages of pregnancy up through a child's first year, there is so much to learn! Each Earn While You Learn appointment includes a 20-30 minute video with high quality education about the baby's development, each trimester, preparation for labor, delivery, and breastfeeding, and transition into parenting. Each mom views this video with a Client Coordinator, available to talk with her and answer any of her questions. Interested in volunteering as a Client Coordinator? Download a Volunteer Application.
Free non-diagnostic, keepsake ultrasound is offered to women as an opportunity to see their baby between 10-14 weeks gestation. This service is not only a bonding experience for mother and baby in those early weeks, but it has also been an ordained opportunity when offered to an abortion vulnerable woman following a positive pregnancy test. That little heartbeat is incredible!
A nurse is always available to answer medical and reproductive questions, as well as give expecting moms more time outside of their typical OBGYN appointments to talk about any pregnancy-related concerns. Every nurse consultation is another way to express how important each woman and her overall health is to us. Are you a Registered Nurse interested in volunteering? Download a Volunteer Application.
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El parque nacional Tingo María (PNT) es una reserva ecológica ubicada en el departamento de Huánuco, Perú. Se encuentra en el valle del Huallaga y protege una bella zona de montañas en la cadena conocida como la Bella Durmiente, visibles desde la ciudad de Tingo María, que cuenta con una frondosa vegetación selvática y un complejo sistema de cavernas subterráneas.
 Ley de creación: Ley N.º 15574
 Superficie: 4 777,80 ha
 Ubicación: Distrito de Mariano Dámaso Beraún, provincia de Leoncio Prado, departamento de Huánuco.
 Ecorregión: Selva alta (Yungas).

Reseña histórica
Por Resolución Suprema N° 033 del 4 de enero de 1940, se aprobó la lotización de la pequeña y mediana propiedad agrícola en Tingo María, en la que
se designaban 4 lotes destinados a formar un parque nacional que involucraba a la quebrada que da lugar a la "Cueva de las Pavas".
Mediante el Decreto Supremo N° 061 del 16 de octubre de 1950 se declaró Reserva Nacional, al refugio de vida silvestre conocido con el nombre de "Cueva
de las Lechuzas ".

El Parque Nacional Tingo María fue creado, repentinamente, por la Ley No 15574 promulgada en el año 1965, sin el proveído del entonces servicio Forestal y de Caza, única entidad competente de la administración general de los Parques Nacionales y Reservas Equivalentes en el país. Según dicha ley, que no fija límites definidos, se incluyen dos formaciones naturales: La Bella Durmiente y la Cueva de las Lechuzas.

En 1967, un grupo de personalidades locales, viendo la destrucción acelerada del parque nacional y de otras áreas naturales de la región, conformaron el lago Comité para la Protección de las Bellezas Naturales de Tingo María, que viene actuando desde entonces.

Objetivos
Proteger un conjunto de montañas cubiertas por bosques pertenecientes a la cadena conocida como la Bella Durmiente. Entre sus atractivos principales destacan la llamada Cueva de las Lechuzas, abertura principal de un complejo sistema subterráneo de cavernas que se encuentra dentro del macizo de la Bella Durmiente, varias fuentes de aguas termales y paisajes de gran belleza. Conservar la excepcional flora y fauna silvestres. Garantizar el desarrollo socioeconómico de las poblaciones aledañas y fomentar el turismo local.

Especies que protege
Numerosas especies de flora como de importancia económica como el cedro de altura, la quina azufre, el tulpay, la palmera poma y huasai, entre otras; y especies de fauna como los guácharos (Steatornis caripensis) y otras especies silvestres ya desaparecidas de gran parte de la selva central. Entre la gran cantidad de especies animales que existen en el distrito de Tingo María están:
Ocelote, perezoso de 3 dedos, sachavaca, venado rojo, sajino y tigrillo.
Gallito de las rocas. También hay animales como los patos de las rocas.

Cueva de las Lechuzas

El nombre de "lechuza" se debe a una tradicional malinterpretación de las aves más características de su interior, que en realidad son guácharos (Steatornis caripenis) y no lechuzas. Esta cueva, a la que se accede por una imponente entrada de unos 20x25 m situada a 673 m de altitud, es probablemente el mayor atractivo turístico del parque nacional Tingo María y tiene también un gran valor de conservación. Se trata de una caverna kárstica de grandes dimensiones con bellas formaciones rocosas, cuyas galerías aún no han sido totalmente exploradas. Alberga una importante población de guácharos, además de varias especies de murciélagos, que conviven con loros o pihuichos (Aratinga leucophthalmus) y cotorras (Pionus menstruus), golondrinas y otras aves. Como los guácharos utilizan sus potentes voces para orientarse en la oscuridad a modo de sonar, dentro de la cueva hay un griterío casi ensordecedor. La cueva está acondicionada para las vistas turísticas en un recorrido acotado que no genera problemas a las especies silvestres. En el entorno inmediato de la cueva hay baños fluviales y otras áreas adaptadas para la recepción de visitantes.

Además de los vertebrados mencionados, habitan en este sistema espeleológico una comunidad de artrópodos raros y endémicos que viven directa o indirectamente de las semillas llevadas por los guácharos y de sus deshechos. Arácnidos, coleópteros, quilópodos, diplópodos, crustáceos, hongos y bacterias prosperan sobre los nutrientes aportados principalmente por los guácharos.

La Bella Durmiente

Como se ha explicado en la introducción del artículo, el parque nacional nació en la Bella Durmiente, la cadena de montañas que domina la ciudad de Tingo María que vista desde esta ciudad recuerda a la silueta de la joven doncella tumbada sobre la hierba. Según la tradición local ella vela por los tingaleses y sus bosques. Dicen también que, a veces, el malvado dios recuerda su desgracia y lanza terribles lluvias sobre la ciudad. Suenan los truenos y los ríos se cargan amenazantes pero siempre vuelve la calma. Los pobladores de la zona se preguntan: ¿será que se está resignando a contemplar su belleza desde lejos...?.

Ubicada a poco más de 600 , Tingo María es una ciudad típicamente tropical que se enmarca en un bello escenario de selva alta dominado por el paisaje de la ceja de montaña. Ésta es una región de montañas de roca calcárea que forman acantilados, grutas, cascadas y sumideros que, literalmente, se tragan ríos enteros para escupirlos luego, transparentes y claros como pocos, desde lo más profundo de la floresta. Ésta es también una de las ciudades más jóvenes de la Amazonía.

La ciudad
La historia de su fundación está íntimamente ligada a la ocupación de los yungas o selva alta, que se inicia en la década de los años 40 del siglo XX. Como una consecuencia de la activa política de expansión desarrollada por el Estado, la selva era considerada una fuente inagotable de tierras agrícolas y extraordinariamente rica en materias primas de exportación como pieles y maderas finas. Tingo María era, pues, la puerta de entrada al inmenso llano amazónico. Así, la recién fundada ciudad se convirtió prontamente en un puesto de avanzada y eje de ocupación de la Amazonía central.

Característica agrícola
Con una temperatura media anual de 24.5 °C y una precipitación anual promedio a los 3500 mm, Tingo María se ubica en una de las zonas más lluviosas del país. Este es, qué duda cabe, el reino de los helechos y las flores silvestres, un ecosistema de gran valor natural (y vital para el mantenimiento del equilibrio hídrico de la región) pero que sufre el constante deterioro por parte de malas prácticas agrícolas.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Tingo Maria
Sitios relevantes para la observación de aves en Perú
Áreas protegidas del departamento de Huánuco
Tingo María


text:
Tag: internationallaw
Why Should International Law of Tomorrow be Different From Today?
22 Oct 2020 22 Oct 2020 weeracentre
Nizamuddin Ahmad Siddiqui* & Nithin Ramakrishnan** | Oct. 22. 2020
The following blog-post is a backgrounder to the yearlong Extended Lecture Series beginning October 2020 on 'Alternative Approaches to International Law'. The Lecture Series is jointly organised by Weeramantry Centre for Peace, Justice and International Law, and Chinmaya Vishwavidyapeeth, Kerala. The first talk will be delivered by Dr. Celine Tan, University of Warwick, UK on the topic – Towards A New Architecture of International Public Finance in the COVID-19 Era on 30 October 2020. In case you find this blog-post relevant and further wish to attend the lecture, please register by clicking here.
Pandemic Grips the World
The onset of the Corona Pandemic since December 2019 has taken the world by surprise. The way the virus spread and the manner in which it impacted the lives of the people is known to everyone. The infection, which started to spread in China soon engulfed the whole world, and by March 2020, the Indian government had to announce a major lockdown throughout the country (see here). While the Coronavirus cases continue to soar and the world engages in finding a cure for it, the lives of people on the ground have been affected much more than we could have imagined. In India alone, the number of cases has drastically gone up and the no. of reported deaths stand more than 114,276 (with more than 7.5 million cases, as of October 18, 2020. See here). The loss of jobs in the informal sector is estimated to be around 119 million while the overall rate of unemployment rose from 8.4% to 23.8% (see here). According to the World Bank estimates, the lockdown from initial phases impacted around 40 million internal migrants in India (see here and here). The UN Secretary-General recently has identified the pandemic as a 'generational catastrophe' affecting more than a billion students in 160 countries; with over 300 million school students in India alone (see here). Meanwhile, the Indian government has announced a 20 lakh crore rupee stimulus package for the economy, which comes close to 10% of the GDP (see here and here).
As the pandemic of COVID-19 grips the world there is a huge economic fallout of this White Swan event (and not Black Swan, see here and here). COVID-19 seems to have not only impacted the economy in the short run; its repercussions are expected to be more pronounced in long run as well. The problems highlighted by Harvard Business Review demonstrate that the COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the entire supply chain; shrunk consumer demand; has led to a large number of job losses; and, has put a heavy burden on medical infrastructure (see here and here). The impact it has made over millions of daily workers, ending them jobless, and triggering their migration across the cities, has been vividly on display across all media sources in India. It seems that the pandemic will impact the small and medium scale industries the most; and, we do not know how much, yet (see here and here).
Gaps in International Law
The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed the existing gaps within the development process. It has posed a loud question that cannot be anymore ignored. In developing countries, where the development is concentrated in city hubs, COVID-19 has proved that the distance between a nearby village to its town is more than the difference between geographically distant cities. It has proved that the call for an 'internal globalisation' is long due (see here). Internal migrants walking their homes hundreds of miles away; being arranged in groups with sanitizer sprayed at them from a distance; and of thousands of people gathered on bus stations only to be taken away, remained a normal sight for everyone sitting at home and watching news on television channels (see here, here and here). In a large country like India, by geography and demography, this is not unpredictable. The diffusion of development is a long-drawn process that requires the luxury of time. COVID-19 has delivered the lesson to the global south that it remains a rather unaffordable luxury.
International Law has a big role to play in this context. While it seems that the World Health Organization (WHO) or even the UN General Assembly, much like EU and other agencies have been unable to contain any of these implications, it also remains true that International Law remains our only hope (see Jouannet here; see Koskenniemi's earlier disagreement here). It is only through the agency of International Law that we could eradicate poverty, apply stringent health regulations, more accessible knowledge systems and above all, better lives and better means of livelihood (see here). However, that does not seem possible in the current state of affairs, especially the way International Law has been structured and applied in its formal make-up. The language in which International Law finds its construction remains contested both in its literary style (see here) as well as in its core constituents (see here and here).
It has also been debated that International Law is hegemonic. It is argued that the inherent core of International Law, i.e., it's very sources, remains contested in the language of cultural, ethical and moral domination (see the chapter by Reut Yael Paz here). Moreover, it is also argued that International Law has to a greater extent being hijacked by entities for their interests; having the ability to coerce the system to perform to its tunes through the emergent transnational capitalism (see here). The problematic institutionalization of International Law can also be fathomed from its treatment of subjects like migration and refugee protection from the European context; while tales from the South, specifically the developing world, including South Asia, remain largely unheard (see chapter by B.S. Chimni here).
Utopia of Moving Forward
Indeed, International Law cannot perform to its full potential unless it also incorporates interests and knowledge from the developing part of the world. COVID-19 pandemic is a glaring example of that. Therefore, what has led the WHO (or any other international organization) to underperform does not merely stem from the deeply flawed argumentative structure of the international legal system but also from its systemic flaw and institutional design, and ill-appreciation of the realities about ground-level situations in countries like India. It is also due to self-righteous hypocrisy of the euro-centric knowledge of law and development, assuming altogether that the other parts of the world have nothing to contribute to the normative enrichment of the international law and global order. The British response to the India-South Africa TRIPS waiver request in the context of COVID-19 response at the WTO's TRIPS Council is the latest example of this difference in the normative systems (See here and here).
It is here that Judge Christopher Gregory Weeramantry's call in the preface to his treatise Universalizing International Law, becomes ineluctably relevant.
It [International Law] urgently needs to be universalised in regard to its constituency, for it needs the active support of a far wider group than its immediate votaries. It requires a vision that takes in the vast panorama of global cultures, as a source of enrichment of its principal concepts and underlying philosophies. It needs to take in the wisdom of the past and attune itself to the problems of the future. (see here)
International Law cannot fathom the diversity of the societies of the world, nor can it provide access to the promise of global peace and security (with the topping of justice), unless it also incorporates the regional aspirations and imbibes the local necessities of human existence. The diversity of this planet has not merely provided fodder for conflict but also food for prosperity for many centuries now. However, that has been made possible only with the vision of a prosperous future in times of crises such as the present one.
* Nizamuddin Ahmad Siddiqui is Senior Research Fellow and Ph.D. Candidate at Jindal Global Law School, OP Jindal Global University, Haryana, India. ✉ nasiddiqui@jgu.edu.in
** Nithin Ramakrishnan is Assistant Professor of International Law at Chinmaya Vishwavidyapeeth, Kerala, India. ✉nithin.ramakrishnan@cvv.ac.in
Tagged covid19, globalsouth, internationallaw
PERSONALITY REVIEW: Chanakya as an International Legal Scholar
Moumita Mandal* | Aug. 23, 2020
Chanakya, also known as Kautilya or Vishnugupta was a great ancient Indian scholar, economist and politician- all rolled into one. People came to know about his works after the publication of Kautilya's Arthasastra by Dr. R. Shamasastry Mahamahopadyaya of Mysuru in 1909. Apart from publishing, Dr. Sastry is also credited with discovering and translating Kautilya's work for the first time.
Historical accounts show that Kautilya was the mind behind uprooting Nandas from power and was also instrumental in placing Chandragupta Maurya on the throne of Magadha in 321 BC. The time of the composition of Arthasastra, is therefore, assumed to be somewhere falling in that part of the fourth century BC.
About Arthasastra
Arthasastra holds the distinction of being one of the earliest statecraft-based treatises authored on the diverse issues of diplomacy, war, peace, intelligence, security, and political economy. Originally written in Sanskrit, it was later translated by different scholars all over the world in many other languages.
R.P.Kangle describes Kautilya's magnum opus as a work of science that lays principles for the acquisition and protection of the earth. He observes that Arthasastra:
...is composed as a guide to acquire and secure this and the other world. In the light of this Sástra one can not only set on foot righteous, economical, and aesthetical acts and maintain them, but also put down unrighteous, uneconomical and displeasing acts. This Sástra has been made by him who from intolerance (of misrule) quickly rescued the scriptures and the science of weapons and the earth which had passed to the Nanda king
'Artha' means the sustenance or livelihood issues of humans, which are fundamentally economic in nature. The term acquires a wider import when understood in the context of Arthasastra. In the ancient Indian philosophy, apart from dharma (truth or law) and karma (action), artha (wealth) is considered as one of the trivargas (the three goals) of human existence. Therefore, Arthasastra does two things: firstly, it guides the ruler about protecting his territory and effectively administering the State; and secondly, it lays down the principles of territorial acquisition as a matter of foreign policy.
Johann Jakob Meyer, the German ideologist and translator of Arthasastra from Sanskrit to German in 1927, saw Arthasastra as not just a book but a 'library' of ancient India and early Indian treatise on statecraft covering the issues of diplomacy, war, peace, intelligence, security, and political economy. According to Adam Watson, it contains a 'major theoretical analysis of international relations' as an integral component of the problems of statecraft, a fusion unparallel in any extant literature'. Many Indian commentators are also convinced that a good part of Kautilya's propositions remains relevant even today and that there is a need to understand and study his works in order to analyse and examine the contemporary world events.
Predating Machiavelli's The Prince by more than 1500 years, Arthasastra continues as one of the most recognised works on political theology. It consists of 15 Books or adhikaranas, 150 chapters, 180 sections and 6,000 slokas. The first five books deal with tantra or the internal administration of the States; the next eight with avapa or the relations with neighbouring States, and the last two cover miscellaneous topics.
Arthasastra, like the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 1961 engages elaborately with the conduct of envoys, their qualifications and duties (Book I, Chapter XVI). It mentions that the State envoy should make friends with the enemy's officers, such as those in charge of wild tracts, boundaries, cities, and country parts. The envoy shall also contrast the military stations, sinews of war, and strong-holds of the enemy with those of his own master. Thus, the primary duties are:
Transmission of missions, maintenance of treaties, issue of ultimatum (pratápa), gaining of friends, intrigue, sowing dissension among friends, fetching secret force; carrying away by stealth relatives and gems, gathering information about the movements of spies, bravery, breaking of treaties of peace, winning over the favour of the envoy and government officers of the enemy,—these are the duties of an envoy (dúta).
Professor Ved P. Nanda points out in his work that if we consider the provisions of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, 1969 and compare them with Kautilya's masterpiece, one could be startled to see that Arthasastra also deals with in detail and explains the critical principles relating to treaty-making, treaty obligations especially (on the lines of) pacta sunt servanda and ramifications of a breach of the treaty.
The method of territorial determination is also covered. The king may construct a village either on a new site or on old ruins (bhútapúrvamavá). The lower cap for the population of each village should be not less than a hundred families. Boundaries of the villages will be denoted by geographical markers like:
a river, a mountain, forests, bulbous plants (grishti), caves, artificial buildings (sétubandha), or by trees such as sálmali (silk cotton tree), samí (Acacia Suma), and kshíravriksha (milky trees) (Book II, Chapter I).
Kautilya further touches vital areas of modern international trade and economic law such as the determination of forms of agreements; administration of legal disputes; non-performance of agreements; recovery of debts; rules regarding labourers etc. (Book III, Chapter II). He even attempted an exposition on the constituents of a sovereign. He notes:
the king, the minister, the country, the fort, the treasury, the army, and the friend are the elements of sovereignty (Book VI, Chapter I).
Many are aware that the premise of the United Nations today is based on the principles of respect and equality among sovereign nation-states. A part of the modern-day 'sovereignty' is based on classical Austinian understanding about the 'determinate human superior'. Religion has little or no role to play. It is interesting how Kautilya could isolate religion in his supposedly orthodox times to extract the determinate elements in the sovereign.
Arthasastra encompasses detailed discussions around war, encampment, the march of the camp, protection of the army in times of distress and attack, the politics of fighting and battle-fields, the work of spies in a siege and so on (Books X, XII, XIII, XIV). It is also submitted that Kautilya's counsel to the King regarding his duties during peace and war are reflected directly or indirectly in the International Humanitarian Law as we know it today. There are specific techniques recommended to end the war if in the interest of the State: 'sama (quiet), sandhi (agreement of peace), and samadhi (reconcilement)" are some of them (Book VI, Chapters XIII and XVII). Kautilya exhorts the State to adopt six-fold State policies- peace (sandhi), war (vigraha), observance of neutrality (asana), marching (yana), alliance (samsraya), and making peace with one and waging war with another. These techniques, Kautilya argues would lead the King to pass from the state of deterioration to that of stagnation and from the latter to that of progress (Book VII, Chapter I). He advocates the nature of alliances in a way that one should prefer peace when the advantages of peace and war look the same. Also, war brings a lot of disadvantages such as the loss of power and wealth, sojourning and sin. Peace must be preferred. Alliance with a stronger State is preferred. In peace or war, when a king finds neither loss to his enemy nor gains to himself, he should observe neutrality (Book VII, Chapter II and III). In Arthasastra, Kautilya breaks down neutrality (as a legal concept) into three aspects and defines them as:
keeping quiet, maintaining particular type of policy is sthana: withdrawal from hostile actions for the sake of one's own interest is asana: and talking no steps or strategic means against the enemy is upeksna.
Finally, Arthasastra also covers dealing with providential calamities like fire, floods, and the epidemic (maraca). It also chalks the duties of a king with regards to appointing officials and superintendents in several departments along with adopting other necessary measures to cope with such calamities (Book VIII). This part of Kautilya's work is quite close to today's idea of disaster governance and management; and, international health and environmental law, which help provide mechanisms to tackle pandemics, environmental disasters, etc.
The contribution of Kautilya to international relation theory (with significant international law overlapping) is so rich that a blog post can hardly do justice to his phenomenal work. He wanted his King to be endowed with all the necessary capabilities to be in power and protect it from external interventions. There may be debates regarding Kautilya's propositions, but his inimitable contribution continues to be relevant in the present time.
Aunindyo Chakravarty, Why Celebrating Chanakya & 'Chanakya Niti' Goes Against Democracy, The Quint, 28 November 2019, available at https://www.thequint.com/voices/opinion/chanakya-niti-amit-shah-sharad-pawar-indian-democracy-maharashtra-election-drama.
Definition of dharma and karma sourced from the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary; https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/dharma
P.K Gautam, One Hundred Years of Kautilya's Arthasastra, IDSA Monograph Series No. 20 July 2013, pp. 7- 37.
Prathama Banerjee, Chanakya/Kautilya: History, Philosophy, Theater and the Twentieth-century Political, 2:1 History of the Present 24-51 (2012).
R. Shamasastry translated Kautiliya Arthasastra, V. Narain (ed.), (Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratishthan, 2005).
R. Shamasastry, Kautilya's Arthashastra, (Government Press, 1915).
R.P Kangle, The Kautiliya Arthasastra, (Motilal Banarsidas Pvt. Ltd, 1965).
S.N.Bhagirath, Dr. R. Shamasastry Mahamahopadyaya of Mysuru Who Discovered The Lost Treatise Arthashastra!, Start of Mysuru, 20 February 2018 available at https://starofmysore.com/dr-r-shamasastry-mahamahopadyaya-mysuru-discovered-lost-treatise-arthashastra/
Charter of the United Nations, 1945.
Ved P. Nanda, International Law in Ancient India in Mark W. Janis & Carolyn Evans (eds.), Religion and International Law, 53 (Martinus Nijhoff, 2004).
Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 1961.
Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, 1969.
*About the Author:
Moumita is a Ph.D. in International Law from the Centre for International Legal Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India. She thanks her teacher Prof. Bharat H. Desai for his support and guidance. She also thanks Mr. Dev Kumar Jhanj, a doctoral candidate at the Centre for Historical Studies, JNU for his inputs.
✉ mousupernova2010@gmail.com
Tagged ancientindia, chanakya, internationallaw


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text:
Q: When I use error? and try, err need a value Here my function that execute cmd as a Rebol instructions :
exec-cmd: func [
        cmd [ block! ] "Rebol instructions"
        /local err
] [
        if error? err: try [
                do cmd
        ] [ print mold disarm err ]
]

When I launch the function, I've encountered the following error message :
** Script Error: err needs a value
** Where: exec-cmd
** Near: if error? err: try [
    do cmd
]

How can I avoid this message and manage the error ?

A: Use set/any and get/any to handle values that regular assignment and evaluation can't.
if error? set/any 'err try [
    do cmd
] [ print mold disarm get/any 'err ]

Once the error is disarmed you can handle it normally.

A: When the Rebol default evaluator sees a sequence of a SET-WORD! followed by a "complete" expression, it will assign the result of that expression to the named word.
However, Rebol has the ability to return a special kind of "nothing" from a function called an UNSET!.  For instance:
>> type? print {What "value" does a print return?}
What "value" does a print return?
== unset!

This is different from returning a NONE! value...because if you continue the chain of evaluation, the evaluator will not allow them in assignments.
>> foo: print {This isn't legal}
This isn't legal
** Script Error: foo needs a value
** Near: foo: print "This isn't legal"

Variables cannot actually "hold a value" of type UNSET!.  UNSET! is just the "value type" that you will get if you try and access a variable that is not set.  Regardless of the philosophical equivalence of whether there is a none value or not, the mechanical consequence is that if you want to allow an unset! value to effectively be "assigned" you have to do that "assignment" using the set function and the /any refinement:
>> set/any 'foo (print {This works...})
This works...
== unset!

But to be able to read from the value, you can't just reference it as the variable is now undefined.  You need to use the corresponding get:
>> type? get/any 'foo
== unset!

Anyway, that's the background on why you're seeing this.  Your cmd presumably ended with a function that returned an UNSET!, like maybe print?
Here's an example that may be illustrative:
exec-cmd: func [
    cmd [block!] "Rebol instructions"
    /local err
] [
    set/any 'result (try [do cmd])
    case [
        unset? get/any 'result [
            print "Cmd returned no result"
        ]

        function? :result [
            print ["Cmd returned a function:" newline (mold :result)]
        ]

        ;-- Rebol3 only --
        ;
        ; closure? :result [
        ;    print ["Cmd returned a closure:" newline (mold :result)]
        ; ]

        ;-- Rebol3 should be changed to match Red and not require this --
        ;
        lit-word? :result [
            print ["Cmd returned a literal word:" newline (mold :result)]
        ]

        error? result [
            print mold disarm result
        ]

        true [
            print ["Cmd returned result of type" (mold type? result)]
            print ["The value was:" newline (mold result)]
        ]
    ]
]

Notice that once you've already handled the case where result might be unset, you don't have to use get/any and can just do normal access.
There is a foundational issue in the way the interpreter works, that if a word is bound to a FUNCTION! value (also the CLOSURE! values in Rebol3) then referencing that word invokes the related code.  To work around this, if you know you're in a situation where a word may hold a such a value you can use GET or the analogue of a SET-WORD! known as a GET-WORD!.  These are generally considered "ugly" so it's best if you can isolate the part of the code that needs to test for such an edge case and not wind up putting colons in front of things you don't need to!
What has been deemed a design flaw is something called "lit-word decay".  This necessitates the use of a GET-WORD! in Rebol2 if you have an actual literal word in your hand.  In that case, your program won't crash, it just won't give you what you expect.  It's explained here...it has already been changed in Red so it's certain to change for Rebol3.
Also, the concept of errors being "armed" and needing to be "disarmed" to be inspected has been eliminated in Rebol3.  That doesn't affect the error? test in Rebol2 such that you'd need to use a GET-WORD!, but affected just about everything else you could do with them.
All right.  I think I've covered all the cases here, but someone will correct me if I haven't!

(Note: if you're curious how to make your own function that returns an UNSET! like print does, just use exit instead of return)
>> nothing: func [value] [exit]

>> type? nothing 1020
== unset!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Who Forgot to Set the Prevail Option?
Events are happening too fast to keep up. The public statements of government officials on every side have to be interpreted as psy-ops or propaganda (or both). The media have spent the past five years proving themselves not just unreliable but deceptive.
So I'll be the first to admit I have no idea what's actually going on right now beyond two obvious and indisputable facts: Russia is invading Ukraine and we're apparently going to let them have it.
Not "let them have it" as in take them out to the woodshed, but "let them have it" as in let them conquer a European country.
Danish media coverage, like the coverage of most other countries, is at hair-on-fire level. Here's DR's homepage Friday morning:
TV2 News:
Berlingske:
Politiken:
Jyllands-Posten:
Ekstra Bladet:
Coverage, coverage everywhere—and not a drop to drink. That is: not a word of it to be trusted.
I'm sure there's some accurate journalism in there, little nuggets of accuracy scattered throughout the general excrement like the crunchberries in a bowl of Cap'n Crunch, but with our modern news meda, who can tell what's what?
The only certainties seem to be that Putin will get what he wants and Ukraine is screwed.
Ole Puddinhead made it very plain last night (European time): "…let me say it again: Our forces are not and will not be engaged in the conflict with Russia in Ukraine."
That was a profoundly stupid thing to say—would it hurt to have let Putin wonder if America might come storming in?—but the American president is a profoundly stupid man propped up by equally stupid advisors.
Think of it: his administration, and that of his former boss Obama, didn't think the American people were entitled to read massive legislation until after it was passed ("you have to pass it to find out what's in it"), but they think it's good policy to telegraph their geopolitical intentions out to the world with total transparency.
American citizens have no right to know what their own government is about to do to them—but Russia deserves to know that America won't do anything to prevent them from taking Ukraine.
And with China licking its lips over Taiwan, perhaps the American president could have sown some uncertainty if only for their benefit, even while throwing Ukraine under the bus. It would have required only a single sentence, something along the lines of, "America's strategic and security interests in Ukraine are insufficient to justify the involvement of our military forces—unlike our interests in other parts of the world, like the Middle East and Taiwan."
Even if it were pure bluff, it would have complicated the CCP's calculations.
What's more, Biden seems somehow proud of his having seen this coming. He even opened his statement by reminding us how very foresighted he'd been:
Sorry to keep you waiting. Good afternoon. The Russian military has begun a brutal assault on the people of Ukraine without provocation, without justification, without necessity.
This is a premeditated attack. Vladimir Putin has been planning this for months, as I've been—as we've been saying all along.
It's true: Biden has been predicting this for months. Doesn't that make it all the more damning that it couldn't be prevented? Predicting bad outcomes is a role for advisors, pundits, and taxi drivers. The president's role is to try and prevent them.
The only logical explanation for having seen it coming but not having stopped it would be a lack of either the will or the power to do so. In other words, either he tried and failed or didn't even bother trying.
Is that something any competent statesman, much less the "leader of the free world," should emphasize at a televised press conference while missiles are being fired into a European country?
Instead of wondering whether America or NATO might lash out one way or another in Ukraine's defense, and factoring that into their nervous calclations, our adversaries are secure in the knowledge that we're sitting on our hands: whether that's because we want to or because we have to is entirely academic.
All of which is only worsened by Biden's bluster that the sanctions that have not worked in the past and are not working in the present will surely work in the future. Consider some of the Q&A from his Thursday press conference:
PRESS: And—and with that—with his (Putin's) ambitions, you're confident that these devastating sanctions are going to be as devastating as Russian missiles and bullets and tanks?
BIDEN: Yes. Russian bullets, missiles, and tanks in Ukraine. Yes, I am.
PRESS: Thank you, President Biden. If sanctions cannot stop President Putin, what penalty can?
BIDEN: I didn't say sanctions couldn't stop him.
PRESS: But you've been talking about the threat of these sanctions for several weeks now—
BIDEN: Yes, but the threat of the sanctions and imposing the sanctions and seeing the effect of the sanctions are two different things.
Meanwhile, over at NATO, Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg (whose name translates to something like "the mountain of pride") offered the same kind of rhetoric—the kind of stuff derided by Churchill as "decided only to be undecided, resolved to be irresolute, adamant for drift, solid for fluidity, all-powerful to be impotent."
Just like Ole Puddinhead, Stoltenberg notes right up front that "Sadly, what we have warned against for months has come to pass."
He even backs it up immediately with an acknowledgement of impotence: this came to pass "Despite all calls on Russia to change course and tireless efforts to seek a diplomatic solution."
They called on Russia. They made diplomatic efforts—tirelessly. And the massed Russian army fought right through their Maginot Line of words.
Stoltenberg then launched into what reads like a vers-libre poem on what's going on, how awful it is, and how angry it makes NATO. He explains that NATO is moving some resources around to protect its member countries in Eastern Europe, and wraps things up much the way Biden did in his own presser.
Stoltenberg conclusion: "Democracy will always prevail over autocracy. Freedom will always prevail over oppression."
Biden conclusion: "And in the contest between democracy and autocracy, between sovereignty and subjugation, make no mistake: Freedom will prevail."
So either "we won't do anything but freedom will win" is the official western response, or Biden's fallen back on his old habit of plagiarism.
Either way, it's not a very inspiring line to take. Men of the west, sit back and let it happen!
Putin's out there threatening to rain hellfire and destruction on anyone interfering with his conquest of Ukraine, and the American President and the Secretary General of NATO are both saying, "we're not gonna do a damn thing, but trust us: freedom will win."
Allow me to humbly submit that freedom does't just "prevail." It doesn't come with a built-in Prevail option. You fight like hell to get it and you fight like hell to keep it. Tyrants aren't deterred by words, but by actions.
That's not to say America and NATO should start lobbing missiles at Russia or deploying troops to Ukraine… but at the very, very least Putin ought to have been allowed to worry that they might.
Even at this late date, with Russian forces closing in on Kiev, America and NATO could probably at least mitigate the severity of the invasion by leaving our intentions as an unknown variable for Putin to fret over.
Instead, we get "Our forces are not and will not be engaged in the conflict with Russia in Ukraine."
Translation: "Whatevs, Vlad. You're a very naughty man and you're making us very angry, but Ukraine is your oyster."
How long until we're being told our forces are not and will not be engaged in the conflict with China in Taiwan or Hong Kong?
And from there how long until we're suddenly informed that things have deterioriated so badly that we've been forced to embark upon a two-front global war with Russia and China because someone forgot to deploy the Prevail option on freedom and we must therefore scramble off to war against two nuclear powers?
It's nice to think that won't happen—but trusting freedom to prevail on its own may not be the best strategy.
Make some menacing moves in the south Pacific. Don't just put placeholder forces in Eastern Europe: arm it to the gills, with thousands of NATO troops lining every eastern border. Run drills and exercises all over. Leak confidential meeting notes in which western leaders are debating whether the use of nukes is ever justified, then deny those conversations took place because of course we would never use nukes. Move the NATO fleets around. Buzz someone's airspace. Act scary for god's sake. Start rumors of NATO deploying wild new weapons the general public has never heard of before and then deny them emphatically. We don't have to go charging off to war, but we do need to walk tall and strong, chests out, chins up, eyes steely.
Or just hand the keys over to Putin and Xi and be done with it.
CategoriesBiden, Putin, UkraineTagschina, NATO, putin, russia, stoltenberg
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