text:
0x (decentralized exchange infrastructure)
Ticker symbol
Original author(s)
Will Warren
Amir Bandeali
0x: An open protocol for decentralized exchange on the Ethereum blockchain
v1.0 / 14 July 2017; 5 years ago (2017-07-14)
v4.0 / 23 January 2021; 22 months ago (2021-01-23)
Code repository
github.com/0xProject
Solidity, TypeScript, Go
0x Labs
Open-source license
0x.org
Supply limit
1,000,000,000 ZRX
0x is an open-source, decentralized exchange infrastructure that enables the exchange of tokenized assets on multiple blockchains. Developers can use 0x to incorporate exchange functionality into their applications, and market makers can use 0x to create markets for cryptocurrencies and tokens. ZRX, an Ethereum ERC-20 token, is the native governance and staking token of 0x. Individuals who own ZRX can vote on protocol changes and stake their tokens to earn liquidity rewards in Ether (ETH).[1] The project's creator and core developer is 0x Labs.[2]
2 Partnerships
Will Warren and Amir Bandeali began the development of the project in 2016, and on February 22, 2017, they released a white paper with the following abstract:[3]
We describe a protocol that facilitates low friction peer-to-peer exchange of ERC20 tokens on the Ethereum blockchain. The protocol is intended to serve as an open standard and common building block, driving interoperability among decentralized applications (dApps) that incorporate exchange functionality. Trades are executed by a system of Ethereum smart contracts that are publicly accessible, free to use and that any dApp can hook into. DApps built on top of the protocol can access public liquidity pools or create their own liquidity pool and charge transaction fees on the resulting volume. The protocol is unopinionated: it does not impose costs on its users or arbitrarily extract value from one group of users to benefit another. Decentralized governance is used to continuously and securely integrate updates into the base protocol without disrupting dApps or end users.
The project conducted an initial coin offering (ICO) on August 15, 2017 where it sold half of the total supply (500M) of its ZRX token in just over 24 hours, raising a total of $24M.[4]
In April 2018, David Sacks, former COO of PayPal, joined 0x's advisory board.[5]
On October 11, 2018, ZRX was the first Ethereum ERC-20 token to begin trading on the US-based cryptocurrency exchange Coinbase.[6]
On June 22, 2020, 0x announced the formation of 0x Labs stating, "As we continue to decentralize control of 0x protocol, the platform will take on an identity of its own and our organization will transition into one of the many productive stakeholders moving the ecosystem forward."[7]
On February 17, 2021, Bitwise, creator and manager of the world's largest crypto index fund, included the ZRX token among its portfolio of cryptoassets for their DeFi Crypto Index Fund.[8]
When Warren, 33, and Bandeali, 31, met six years ago, they shared a belief that all forms of value, be it traditional assets such as fiat currencies, stocks and bonds or digital collectibles like video game items, would eventually be tokenized. "We envisioned a future where there are billions of these different types of tokens," says Warren. With this idea in mind, he and Bandeali started 0x Labs, which enables developers and businesses to create new markets for their tokens on major blockchains, including Ethereum and Avalanche. The San Francisco-based firm also operates decentralized exchange (DEX) aggregator Matcha, a search engine of sorts that helps traders optimize costs by showing the best prices across a number of exchanges. Last month, Matcha handled approximately $1 billion of the total $5.2 billion in DEX aggregator trading. In April, 0x partnered with Coinbase, the largest cryptocurrency exchange in the U.S., to power Coinbase's new marketplace for NFTs.[9]
0x Labs, the architect of Web3 exchange infrastructure 0x, has raised $70M in a Series B round led by Greylock. Other investors in the round include Pantera, Sound Ventures, A.Capital, Jump Crypto, OpenSea, Coinbase, Brevan Howard, Reid Hoffman, and Jared Leto.
The funding will fuel the continued growth of the 0x Labs team and its product and service offerings, including Matcha, the search engine for tokens; 0x API, supplying multi-chain aggregated liquidity as a service; and 0x Protocol, the open-source, global backbone for decentralized exchange. The company also plans to continue integrating new chains, including non-EVM ones such as Solana, invest in cross-chain functionality, expand its newly introduced support for NFT swaps, and deliver an even higher level of support to integrators.
0x currently supports 7 major blockchains: Ethereum, Polygon, Fantom, Avalanche, Optimism, BNB Chain, and Celo, and its ecosystem has been rapidly expanding. With integrations across all of the top wallets and apps, including MetaMask, Coinbase Wallet and Coinbase NFT, Polygon Wallet, Brave, Matcha, dYdX, Zapper, Zerion, and Shapeshift, 0x is fast becoming the trusted standard for all decentralized exchange. To date, 0x has enabled over $158B in tokenized value to flow across 43M+ trades. There are 3.5M+ users across all wallets and app integrations that are using 0x for their P2P exchanges.
Sarah Guo, Partner at Greylock, says, "All verticals of Decentralized Exchange exploded in 2021. What's exciting is that we are still very early on the DEX adoption curve. 0x Labs is at the forefront of that development and is perfectly positioned to lead the Web3 charge as more and more value is tokenized and needs a standard to be moved and exchanged. The 0x Labs team have been around since the early days of Ethereum and play such a significant role in the broader web3 ecosystem. We are really excited to work with the 0x Labs team as they level up Web3."
Developers use 0x to easily incorporate exchange functionality into their applications and create new markets for all tokenized assets and value, including cryptocurrencies, DeFi tokens, and NFTs.
Amir Bandeali, Co-founder and Co-CEO of 0x Labs says, "0x Labs helps businesses eliminate the complexity of accessing decentralized markets across all layers of the Web3 exchange stack. We provide solutions that make it easy for app developers to incorporate exchange functionality and deliver the best selection of tokens at the best prices to their users. By using 0x technology, businesses will have more time to focus on what matters: their product."
Will Warren, Co-founder and Co-CEO of 0x Labs, says, "We put our ecosystem of integrators first, because if they succeed, we all succeed. Many of the top crypto companies already use and trust 0x, and we're ready to take the next big step in our mission to 'build a tokenized world where all value can flow freely' by onboarding the next 100x wave of users, businesses, and institutions to web3."
0x Labs has a mission-driven and diverse team composed of top-tier talent from Coinbase, Google, Meta, Bitso, Microsoft, Citi, Spotify and other top companies. The company is remote-first and fully distributed, with team members located across Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North American, and South America. Early pioneers in the space, 0x Labs has made significant technical contributions to various Ethereum standards over the years, including helping to establish the NFT token standard (ERC721).
0x raised $15M in a Series A round in 2021, led by Pantera Capital. [10]
↑ "0x Protocol" (in en). https://www.investopedia.com/terms/1/0x-protocol.asp.
↑ "Andreessen Horowitz Lands Latham Partner for Crypto-Focused Job" (in en). https://news.bloomberglaw.com/business-and-practice/andreessen-horowitz-lands-latham-partner-for-crypto-focused-job.
↑ Warren, Will; Bandeali, Amir (2017-02-21). "0x: An open protocol for decentralized exchange on the Ethereum blockchain". https://0x.org/pdfs/0x_white_paper.pdf.
↑ "0x lets any app be the Craigslist of cryptocurrency" (in en-US). https://social.techcrunch.com/2018/07/16/0x/.
↑ "Security Tokens Get a Boost as PayPal Vet Joins 0x Board" (in en). https://fortune.com/2018/09/06/0x-harbor-blockchain/.
↑ "Coinbase now lets you buy and sell ZRX" (in en-US). https://social.techcrunch.com/2018/10/16/zrx-coinbase/.
↑ "Introducing 0x Labs and Periscope Trading" (in en). 2020-06-22. https://blog.0x.org/introducing-0x-labs-and-periscope-trading/.
↑ "Bitwise Launches World's First Decentralized Finance ("DeFi") Crypto Index Fund" (in en). Bloomberg.com. 2021-02-17. https://www.bloomberg.com/press-releases/2021-02-17/bitwise-launches-world-s-first-decentralized-finance-defi-crypto-index-fund.
↑ Feldman, Amy. "Next Billion Dollar Startups 2022" (in en). https://www.forbes.com/sites/amyfeldman/2022/08/16/next-billion-dollar-startups-2022/?sh=66b23b865308.
↑ Conwell, Seamus. "0x-Labs-Raises-70M-Led-By-Greylock-to-Continue-Expanding-Web3" (in en). https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20220426006160/en/0x-Labs-Raises-70M-Led-By-Greylock-to-Continue-Expanding-Web3%E2%80%99s-Core-Exchange-Infrastructure.
Cryptocurrency tumbler
Cryptographic hash function
Proof of authority
Proof of space
Proof of work
Proof of work currencies
SHA-256-based
Counterparty
MazaCoin
Titcoin
Ethash-based
Scrypt-based
Auroracoin
Bitconnect
Coinye
Equihash-based
CryptoNote-based
X11-based
Lyra2-based
Primecoin
Zcoin
Proof of stake currencies
Gridcoin
EOS.IO
ERC-20 tokens
KodakCoin
BitShares
BitLicense
Complementary currency
Crypto-anarchism
Cryptocurrency bubble (2018 cryptocurrency crash)
Initial coin offering
Initiative Q
Token money
Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/0x (decentralized exchange infrastructure). Read more
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Ashcroft Surgery is committed through its friendly, supportive and collaborative culture to provide an environment where staff can feel they can raise concerns or explore areas of difficulties, uncertainties and unknowns. This includes significant events. It is important to review significant events because often there is something we can learn from them to help us with our patients in the future. Medical error has been defined as an unintended act (either of omission or commission) or one that does not achieve its intended outcome, the failure of a planned action to be completed as intended (an error of planning) or a deviation drom the process of care that may or may not cause harm to the patient. Patient harm can occur at the individual or system level. And medical errors can contribute up to a third of all deaths. Learning points can be for the individual or for the organisation as a whole. In discussing significant events, we are not trying to apportion blame but instead help individuals and the organisation learn and thus continue to professionally develop. Such discussions may help to prevent further errors on an individual and system level thus protecting other patients. Ashcroft Surgery is an organisation which pays high regard to its educational and learning environment because we know it is that which enhances patient safety.
At Ashcroft, we have a system to record significant events as they occur within our clinical system, SystmOne, to ensure we capture these as early as possible. This process works – we have used this system since July 2010 and we have a documented numerous significant events since this date. Our process is a multi-disciplinary one – involving doctors, nurses and other groups where relevant. We are aware that the discussion of specific events can provoke powerful emotions which can adversely affect learning if not properly handled. However, the same emotions can be harness to achieve change and we do that by providing space for such discussions in a culture that avoids allocating blame and instead focuses on understanding and an opportunity to do things better. Lessons and actions points are shared with relevant others, electronically or face-to-face to capture those not in attendance.
A recent example of this was the development of "Non-visible haematuria" pathway. A case discussion from an individual patient highlighted the need to improve the current system. A team discussion led to the development of a SystmOne protocol-driven template. This template, at the click of a button, identifies if there are any previous recorded entries of non-visible haematuria in the patient's medical record and positively prompts the staff to repeat the test and follow the protocol. This process has worked well and a further follow-up team discussion led to another modification – which was to extend this feature to other clinical areas such as the monitoring requirements for shared care drugs.
Logic dictates that this system should minimise risks to the patient and we a proud to say that we believe this additional and effective safety feature is unique to Ashcroft Surgery. This example illustrates how our group proactively uses highlighted incidents and potential near misses as learning tools and through a collaborative team review process how we achieve continuous development – at both an individual and organisational level. The ultimate aim, of course, is to enhance patient safety. However, it doesn't just stop there! Ashcroft Surgery is one which believes in a culture of learning within a community – helping others, not just ourselves – derived from principles set by Wenger in his 1998 book 'Communities of Practice: learning, meaning and identity'. In this endeavour, we have met with other local practices (at the regular regional clinical IT group) and presented our 'new tools' so that practices can learn from each other, share the resources developed and promote new learning energy rather than continuing to reinvent the old.
A significant event is an incident which led to unexpected outcomes. Most people refer to significant events when things go wrong. In other words, when something bad happens. However, it can be when something unexpectedly good happens?
Why do we have to look at Significant Events?
If something bad has happened, it will help you work out what needs to be done immediately to sort the problem out.
Then, once the immediate stuff is sorted, you can then focus on the long term and try and think what measures can be put in place to stop it from happening again.
If something good has happened, we can analyse that good event and work out what specific things led to that good outcome. In doing so, if we do more of those specific things, then the more likely it is good things will happen.
In doing all of these things, we enhance patient safety and care.
And not only that, but we learn ourselves and develop through the process of doing it.
A significant event meeting held once a month in the practices Protected Learning Time (PLT) programme. All doctors and nurses are invited. For non-clinical issues, the relevant admin people will be invited too.
All doctors and nurses should understand the importance of raising significant events – i.e. to improve patient safety and as a valuable tool to learn and develop from. We have a no-blame culture in the practice.
When a doctor or nurse becomes aware of a significant event, the process and outcome is recorded on our clinical management system (SystmOne) under a dummy patient called 'Mr Significant Event' . SERs should be logged as soon as an incident or near miss is felt to have occurred.
For relatively new staff – a proforma is available for those who are new to the process. The copy of the proforma is available as a download on this page for reference (but use the one in SystmOne). The person filling out the form will keep as much information anonymised as possible. Use the NHS number rather than patient name.
For more experienced users – we initially used the significant event proforma to record the event and subsequent actions. However the process of filling in a proforma reduced reporting of adverse events hence we changed the system so that we now write a free text note within the body of the new journal. The final part of the significant event cycle (with reflections, learning points and actions) can either be recorded as an amendment to the initial entry in Mr Significant Event's record OR the proforma filled in and uploaded next to that medical record entry.
That doctor or nurse who recognises the significant event is responsible for ensuring the necessary immediate actions are taken to ensure patient safety and do the right thing (which is part one of the proforma SER template).
We aim to have SEA every month, but as a bare minimum every 3 months, in our 2h Protected Learning Time (PLT), the clinical team will go through all significant events listed under 'MR Significant Event' since the last review. The meeting review the minutes of the last SEA to ensure actions have been taken and look at more long-term solutions to enhance patient safety, practice development and individual/group learning.
Anonymised information may be shared with the PCT to: a) give them peace of mind that we are engaging in such powerful learning activity to make things better for the future and b) so that they can share some of our learning points with other practices in the neighbouring area.
So, let's say you go on a home visit to Mrs. Evelyn Pritchard, but you find that she didn't request a home visit and is certainly not short of breath as stated. You go back to the surgery and find that there are two Evelyn Pritchards and the wrong one was scribbled down. You go and visit the right Mrs. Pritchard only to find that she has now deteriorated so much you need to admit her as an emergency because she has developed LVF.
We will develop a "home visit Request Proforma" encouraging all staff to ask for the patient's name, address, DOB and reason for the request. You decide you will develop this within the next week.
You also decide in 2 week's time at the practice learning time event you will raise this particular event to all staff and circulate the proforma and get opinions and hopefully get everyone on the same wavelength.
Every time a home visit proforma is completed, it is stapled to the home visit book: duty of receptionist taking the call and for it to be stapled immediately after the request to ensure it doesn't get lost.
a significant event, occurring when a patient may have been subjected to harm, had the circumstance/outcome been different (near miss).


text:
Pedro Montt Montt  (Santiago de Chile, 29 de junio de 1849 - Bremen, 16 de agosto de 1910) fue un abogado y político chileno, presidente de la República entre 1906 y 1910 y ministro de Estado en las presidencias de Domingo Santa María, Jorge Montt y José Manuel Balmaceda.

Fue el líder indiscutido del Partido Nacional, que pasó de apoyar el autoritarismo presidencial a ser defensor del sistema parlamentario, participando Montt del bando revolucionario contra Balmaceda en la guerra civil chilena de 1891.

Presentó infructuosamente su candidatura presidencial en 1901. En 1906 fue elegido presidente, liderando un movimiento conocido como el "regeneracionismo", presentándose a la ciudadanía como el único hombre capaz de terminar con los excesos del régimen parlamentario y la crisis moral que se denunciaba en la época.

Como presidente, Montt buscó infructuosamente el regreso al sistema de patrón oro y poner fin a las emisiones monetarias. La falta de apoyo político, los efectos del terremoto de 1906, una crisis económica internacional y su progresivo deterioro físico supusieron el fracaso de su esfuerzo regenerador, cuyo mayor síntoma fue la matanza de la Escuela Santa María de Iquique en 1907.

Su mayor legado material fue el ferrocarril longitudinal, que unió el norte de Chile con las provincias del sur hasta Puerto Montt. El presidente no alcanzó a verlo terminado, pues falleció antes de concluir su periodo presidencial.

Primeros años de vida

Hijo del presidente y senador Manuel Montt Torres y de Rosario Montt Goyenechea, hermano de los parlamentarios Luis y Enrique Julio Montt Montt.

Estudió en el Instituto Nacional y en la Universidad de Chile, titulándose de abogado en 1870.

Ingresó a la Sexta Compañía del Cuerpo de Bomberos de Santiago en 1868, sirviendo los cargos de secretario, capitán y secretario general de la Institución. Sirvió en la Sexta Compañía, desde el 29 de agosto de 1868 hasta el día de su muerte.

Se casó con Sara del Campo Yávar el 3 de enero de 1881, no tuvieron descendencia.

Diputado, senador y ministro

Fue elegido en 1876, como diputado suplente por Petorca, por el periodo 1876-1879. Durante ese periodo participó activamente en la Comisión de Hacienda, redactando un informe en que se enumeraban todas las contribuciones del país, con el fin de ponerles orden.

Al ser opositor al gobierno, postuló a dos diputaciones en 1879, Petorca y Castro, para asegurar su elección. Ocuparía el escaño por Petorca, que mantendría hasta 1900. En este periodo presentó una reforma al sistema carcelario. Buscó incluir dentro del presupuesto de la Cámara fondos para mejorar la Biblioteca de la Cámara, que en 1883 pasó a llamarse Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional.

En esos años realizó un viaje a Europa, recorriendo Inglaterra, Francia, Escocia, Irlanda, Países Bajos, Dinamarca, Suecia, Noruega, Rusia, Austria, Portugal, España y Turquía. Durante su trayecto recolectó estudios sobre educación, régimen parlamentario, estadística, reforma penal y escuelas agrícolas. En 1885 tuvo un papel destacado en la reforma de la ley del régimen interior.

Elegido como presidente de la Cámara de Diputados entre el 24 de noviembre de 1885 y el 23 de noviembre de 1886, debió enfrentarse a la minoría de la Cámara que obstruía la aprobación de la ley del cobro de contribuciones. Intentó realizar gestiones conciliatoria, pero estas fracasaron, por lo que declaró cerrado el debate, ante las estruendosas protestas de la minoría.
En 1886 integró el primer gabinete del presidente José Manuel Balmaceda como ministro de Justicia e Instrucción Pública. Propuso una reforma al plan de enseñanza, buscando la implantación del sistema concéntrico, y fundó escuelas para la formación de profesores.

En junio de 1887 se convirtió en el primer ministro de Industrias y Obras Públicas, iniciando los trabajos de la canalización del Mapocho y despachando un proyecto para construir 400 km de vías férreas, defendiendo la idea de la línea longitudinal en contra de la construcción de vías transversales. Dejó el cargo el 1 de mayo de 1889.

El 23 de octubre de 1889 fue designado por el presidente José Manuel Balmaceda como ministro de Hacienda, proponiendo la supresión de la contribución de herencias y una rebaja en los derechos de aduana.

A pesar de haber participado en su gobierno, fue opositor a Balmaceda y apoyó al bando sublevado en la guerra civil de 1891. Fue nombrado por el bando revolucionario como su agente diplomático en Washington, siendo elevado tras la derrota de Balmaceda al cargo de ministro plenipotenciario, debiendo enfrentar los primeros problemas derivados del caso Baltimore.

Ocupó el cargo de ministro del Interior durante el gobierno del presidente entrante, Jorge Montt, realizando una importante reforma de la Beneficencia.

Líder indiscutido del Partido Nacional, volvió a presidir la Cámara de Diputados el 14 de octubre de 1899. En 1900 fue elegido senador por la provincia de Cautín, por el periodo 1900-1906.

Integró la Comisión Permanente de Relaciones Exteriores; la de Instrucción Pública; la de Constitución, Legislación y Justicia; y la de Presupuestos. Fue senador reemplazante en la Comisión Permanente de Gobierno; en la de Hacienda y en la de Industria y Obras Públicas. Fue miembro de la Comisión Conservadora para el receso 1903-1904; 1904-1905 y 1905-1906, siendo reelegido en 1906 por Santiago, integrando la Comisión Permanente de Gobierno. Tras ser electo presidente de la República, el 25 de julio de 1906, no concluyó su periodo y fue remplazado por Joaquín Walker Martínez, cuyos poderes se aprobaron el 12 de enero de 1907.

Ejerció su profesión de abogado representando a firmas extranjeras, siendo abogado jefe de la Casa Grace y Co. Fue miembro del Comité de Sanidad (1887), del Consejo de Instrucción Pública (1896-1902) y de la Caja de Ahorros de Santiago (1902).

Paralelamente, entre 1895 y 1906 fue administrador de la Casa de Orates, periodo durante el cual modernizó y amplió la institución.

Candidato presidencial de la Coalición (nacionales y conservadores) en la elección de 1901, fue derrotado por Germán Riesco Errázuriz, abanderado de la Alianza Liberal. El desprestigio en que cayó el gobierno de Riesco hizo aumentar las esperanzas puestas en Montt, que se volvió a presentar en las elecciones de 1906, aunque ahora como abanderado de la Unión Liberal. Fue elegido con 164 electores contra los 97 de su rival, Fernando Lazcano Echaurren.

Pensamiento

A pesar de ser un decidido defensor del sistema parlamentario, realizó severas críticas al régimen. Al respecto advertía: "Todo sistema de Gobierno tiene inconvenientes que es menester corregir conservando sus ventajas. El sistema parlamentario no está exento de esta ley general, y es deber nuestro corregir sus defectos guardando sus beneficios. La acción del gobierno se ha debilitado y es preciso robustecerla". Concebía la causa de esta situación en la acción de algunos políticos que desean "que la Cámara asuma la plenitud del poder público y en adelante no solo ejerza funciones legislativas, que son las que menos ejerce, sino también funciones administrativas y judiciales".

Argumentaba que sin partidos fuertes y organizados no podía haber política estable, manifestando su deseo de que en Chile no hubiese más que dos grandes partidos, en contraste con la falta de homogeneidad que provocaba continuas rotativas ministeriales. Consideraba como negativa la capacidad de las minorías de realizar obstrucción parlamentaria.  Criticó la actitud del Parlamento en la aprobación de las leyes de presupuesto, en que argumentaba se sacrificaba en la discusión el interés general para satisfacer intereses particulares, y llegó a apoyar, antes de ser presidente, una iniciativa parlamentaria que limitaba la iniciativa del Congreso en materia de gastos públicos.

Durante su candidatura de 1906, expuso que la institución presidencial había venido sufriendo desde 1892 un sucesivo despojo de sus facultades:

Por ello propuso en el manifiesto de la Unión Liberal: facultar al presidente, con acuerdo del Senado, para disolver la Cámara de Diputados; reformar el sistema de elección del Senado y quitarle su condición de cámara política y convertirla en revisora; aumentar el período presidencial y de los parlamentarios; restringir las compatibilidades parlamentarias; reformar el sistema de elección presidencial, y prohibir al Congreso votar aumentos de gastos en los presupuestos.

Ya en la presidencia, sus cartas privadas reflejan una profunda decepción por los vicios del sistema parlamentario y su desengaño por no medir las verdaderas posibilidades que el cargo le otorgaba.

Presidencia

Política interna

Montt tuvo el deseo de iniciar su gobierno con los partidos que lo elevaron a la presidencia, liberales doctrinarios, nacionales, montanas y radicales, confiando la organización de su primer ministerio a Ismael Valdés Vergara. Sin embargo se presentó un conflicto entre radicales y conservadores por la elección de Valentín Letelier como rector de la Universidad de Chile.  Montt dio un golpe de autoridad y, junto con ratificar la designación de Letelier, organizó su primer gabinete sin conservadores, con cuatro liberales y dos nacionales, encabezado por Javier Ángel Figueroa. La elección del conservador Raimundo Larraín Covarrubias como consejero de Estado provocó la primera crisis ministerial.

Ansiaba la estabilidad ministerial y sabía imposible conseguirla confiando en el Partido Liberal Democrático. Este grupo, viendo el intento del Presidente por aislarlos, buscaron separar a los conservadores "montanas" del gobierno mediante la agitación de cuestiones doctrinarias. Así obligarían al mandatario a gobernar con sus rivales políticos, lo que en la jerga de la época se denominaba como "embotellar".

A lo largo de su mandato el presidente sufrió desde el parlamento una oposición feroz. En particular un grupo de diputados conocido como los «tres mosqueteros», Arturo Alessandri Palma, Alfredo Irarrázaval Zañartu y Ramón Rivas, se encargaron de interpelar, censurar y retardar leyes, sin más objetivo que recordarle al mandatario que era solo un hombre y que estaba sujeto a la voluntad de las volubles mayorías parlamentarias.

El gobierno encargó a Vicente Santa Cruz Vargas la formación de un gabinete universal de todos los partidos, que juró el 29 de octubre de 1906. El ministerio defendió el proyecto de ferrocarril longitudinal, a fin de conectar las provincias del norte con los valles transversales. El proyecto fue encargado a firmas extranjeras, con el fin de evitar la corruptora influencia de las empresas nacionales, lo que motivó continuos ataques de la oposición parlamentaria,  que defendía la formación de una flota mercante nacional para conectar el país.

Manifestaciones de la clase obrera del salitre
El gabinete cayó producto de la restructuración de la Coalición alrededor de los conservadores reunificados, liberales lazcanistas y liberales democráticos, con mayoría en ambas cámaras. Debió formar un nuevo gabinete con los elementos de la Coalición, que juró el 12 de junio de 1907, con Luis Antonio Vergara como ministro del Interior. Vergara era el rival de Juan Luis Sanfuentes por el liderazgo dentro del balmacedismo, por lo que la nueva Coalición se desintegró por conflictos internos del Partido Liberal Democrático, debiendo Montt formar un nuevo gabinete de administración a cargo de su amigo Rafael Sotomayor. El ministerio juró el 25 de octubre de 1907, el que debió enfrentar se a diversos problemas,
la crisis económica, el colapso del Banco Mobiliario, el caso de la Casa Granja y por sobre todo la efervescencia social en Iquique.

Matanza de la Escuela Santa María
Al igual que la mayoría de los gobiernos durante el parlamentarismo, este evitaba entrometerse en las negociaciones salariales entre empleadores y trabajadores. Sin embargo, cualquier manifestación pública que estuviese acompañada de protestas era duramente reprimida. En este sentido, el gobierno ordenó al general Roberto Silva Renard reprimir duramente a la huelga general de obreros del salitre en la ciudad de Iquique.

El episodio, que llegaría a ser conocido como la Matanza de la Escuela Santa María, provocó una cantidad altísima de víctimas, además de reprimir toda posibilidad de desarrollo del movimiento obrero en Chile por más de diez años.

Inestabilidad política
A pesar de las críticas de la oposición al gobierno por la matanza de Iquique, el gabinete cayó producto del escándalo de la Campaña Salitrera Granja, la que había conseguido un préstamo por seiscientas mil libras esterlinas de fondos fiscales, alegando que la cesantía aumentaría si no se satisfacía su demanda. Antes de dimitir el gabinete, la Casa Granja devolvió el dinero.

El 29 de agosto de 1908 juró un nuevo gabinete, encabezado por Javier Ángel Figueroa y compuesto con liberales, balmacedistas, nacionales y radicales. El debate político se centró en el intento del parlamento por aprobar una ley que postergaba la conversión metálica, a lo que el presidente declaró su cerrada oposición. Por ello el ministerio encontró una fría reacción en las cámaras y tuvo una actuación estéril, no pudiendo aprobar la ley de presupuestos.

El 22 de enero de 1909  asumió un nuevo ministerio con Eduardo Charme como ministro del Interior, que prometió la más absoluta prescindencia en las elecciones parlamentarias de ese año. Después de realizadas las elecciones y en pleno debate por la postergación de la conversión, el partido balmacedista declaró que recobraba su libertad de acción. Tras ello el presidente organizó, sin consultar a los jefes de los partidos, un ministerio presidencial de nacionales y liberales, encabezado por Enrique Alberto Rodríguez, que asumió el 15 de junio.

Montt esperaba que con un gabinete dúctil de amigos personales lograría la conversión metálica, pero no se cumplieron sus esperanzas, puesto que el proyecto de postergación fue aprobado por mayoría absoluta en ambas cámaras. Pedro Montt presentó un veto, a sabiendas de que sería rechazado, pero el ministro de Hacienda no lo firmó y provocó la crisis del ministerio. Como solución se nombró a Agustín Edwards Mac-Clure en Hacienda.

El 15 de septiembre asumió un nuevo ministerio con Ismael Tocornal en Interior, continuando Edwards en Hacienda. Durante este periodo se agravó la enfermedad del Presidente, que las continuas contrariedades políticas aceleraban. Sufrió el desprendimiento de la retina de un ojo, obligando a dictar una ley especial para ahorrarle la firma de decretos de menor importancia.

En mayo de 1910 el presidente viajó a Argentina con motivo de las celebraciones de su independencia, dejando a Tocornal en la vicepresidencia.

El ascenso político de Edwards alarmó a varios políticos liberales. Estos convencieron a la directiva liberal para que reclamase la reorganización del gabinete, sobre la base de tener dos carteras. Montt aceptó, pues ello le permitía instalar a un nacional en interior.  Al sector anti Edwards no les molestaba que Montt presentase a Edwards como ministro del Interior, pues contaban con que Sanfuentes le negaría los votos en la directiva balmacedista, ejemplo que seguiría el Partido Liberal. Más, Sanfuentes no cumplió su palabra y el 20 de junio Agustín Edwards organizó un nuevo gabinete.

El propósito de Montt era dejar a Edwards en la vicepresidencia al realizar su programado viaje a Europa. En el Parlamento se atacó a Edwards, acusándolo de ser representante de la oligarquía bancaria. El 29 de julio el presidente sufrió un ataque cerebral que lo mantuvo una hora inconsciente. Al recuperarse, ordenó extender un decreto delegando el mando en el ministro del Interior, a lo que se opuso su círculo íntimo. Finalmente Montt cedió, renunciando Edwards a Interior, siendo remplazado por Elías Fernández Albano, hombre de carácter conciliador, quien juró el 8 de julio.

Relaciones exteriores

Durante su carrera política había sido permanente pacifista, apoyando sin ambages los Pactos de Mayo firmados por el presidente Riesco. Ello le hizo uno de los estadistas chilenos más apreciados en Argentina, por lo que durante su mandato la relación entre ambos países se mantuvo cordial y si bien no se renovó el desarme naval, se avisaron por anticipado las respectivas compras marítimas.

Como momentos culmines de la relación se encuentran la inauguración, el 5 de abril de 1910, del ferrocarril trasandino, y el viaje realizado por el presidente en mayo del mismo año a Argentina con motivo de las celebraciones del centenario del vecino país.

Tampoco existieron conflictos con Bolivia, en vista de que aún se estaba construyendo el Ferrocarril Arica-La Paz. La pacificación de estos dos frentes de conflicto permitió al gobierno disminuir los gastos en las Fuerzas Armadas, lo que motivó a futuro un estancamiento de las instituciones y un resentimiento hacia la clase política que se manifestó en los golpes militares de 1924 y de 1925.

La disputa con el Perú por Tacna y Arica se agudizó durante el periodo, producto de las discrepancias sobre el modo y fecha de la realización del plebiscito que decidiría el destino de estas provincias. En 1908 el ministro chileno en Lima, José Miguel Echeñique, producto de un desaire, regresó airado a Chile. Poco después se declaró persona non grata al cónsul chileno en El Callao. A eso se sumó un curioso incidente que involucró el robo de unos documentos desde la sede de la Cancillería en Santiago, que llevaron a la detención de los involucrados, uno de los cuales era una mujer peruana capturada en el restaurante "Eleuterio Ramírez" de la capital.

Enturbio aún más la relación el conflicto por los curas peruanos de Tacna y Arica, los que se resistían a la chilenización, lo que provocaba la molestia de los feligreses chilenos. El fracaso de las gestiones para permitir a sacerdotes chilenos actuar en la región motivó a su gobierno a expulsar en 1909 a los curas peruanos del territorio. Como respuesta, el Perú suspendió sus relaciones diplomáticas con Chile.

Las relaciones con los Estados Unidos habían mejorado hasta que este país apoyó en 1909 la reclamación de Alsop y Cia, por una deuda originada en la Guerra del Pacífico. El conflicto se resolvió mediante el arbitrio de la corona británica, que falló en 1911 en contra de Chile, fijando el pago en 191.000 libras. El impase enfrió las relaciones entre las dos naciones, por lo que cuando en la cuarta Conferencia Interamericana los Estados Unidos buscaron una especia de oficialización para la doctrina Monroe, Chile se opuso, alegando la necesidad de mayores estudios.

Las relaciones con Inglaterra fueron cordiales, solo tuvieron momentos de tensión cuando ocurrió la huelga de las salitreras, las cuales eran explotadas por compañías británicas. El rey Eduardo VII envía un buque de guerra a Iquique con órdenes de intervenir si las autoridades chilenas no fueran capaces de proteger las vidas y propiedades de los súbditos del Imperio Británico.

El ministro de relaciones exteriores Agustín Edwards Mac-Clure intentó modernizar la Cancillería, que había sufrido la filtración de documentos confidenciales, siendo publicados en la prensa peruana. Buscó estructurar modernamente el ministerio, otorgándole una dirección política, una subsecretaria y una sección de archivo y biblioteca. Se buscó crear una efectiva carrera diplomática reglamentando los ascensos y el número y las sedes de las legaciones. Sus iniciativas legales no fueron aprobadas en el Parlamento y solo se materializaron parcialmente.

Economía

En 1904 se promulgó una ley que postergaba la conversión monetaria y autorizaba una emisión de 30 millones de pesos en papel moneda. Esta emisión provocó una grave crisis especulativa, producto del aumento del circulante y la expansión del crédito. La crisis estalló en enero de 1906, con la quiebra de varias compañías, por lo que se recurrió nuevamente a una emisión monetaria como solución. Si bien Montt disminuyó el número de emisiones, de cualquier manera el Parlamento aprobó otra emisión de billetes en 1907.

Montt se propuso vetar la ley, pero sus ministros le dijeron que lo seguirían y presentaron sus renuncias. Montt les pidió que guardasen el secreto de su dimisión hasta que encontrase un nuevo gabinete que lo respaldara, pero no encontró a ninguno, por lo que debió resignarse, quedando abortada la crisis ministerial.

Los efectos de las continuas emisiones se reflejaron en una altísima inflación. Entre 1903 y 1907 los porotos tuvieron un 36% de aumuento de precio, el trigo un 110% y la carne hasta un 125%.

A esta situación se le añadió una crisis económica internacional y los efectos del terremoto de Valparaíso, lo que repercutió desfavorablemente en la balanza de pagos y en la caída del tipo de cambio. El término de la crisis en 1908 permitió que los dos últimos años de Montt tuvieran cierta holgura en los precios externos, volúmenes exportados, divisas y en las rentas fiscales provenientes del salitre e impuestos de internación.

La industria salitrera tomo una curva ascendente, que coincidió también con una mayor presencia de capitales chilenos, que pasó del 14% al 37% entre 1901 y 1912. También las industrias fabriles experimentaron cierta prosperidad, resultado del fomento a las obras públicas.

El cuatrienio de Montt se caracterizó por un constante déficit presupuestario, producto de su ambicioso plan de obras públicas. Era acusado de derrochador en la Cámara, lo que le llevó a decirle a un cercano: "¿Qué quieren que haga con la plata? ¿Qué se las deje, para que se la roben y la distribuyan a los amigos en forma de empleos y contratos?".

Durante el gobierno de Montt se aumentó la deuda externa en un 19%, alcanzando a 25.000.000 libras esterlinas. La deuda interna por su parte aumentó un 20%, hasta llegar a los 179.000.00 pesos.

En el gobierno de Montt se debía restablecer el régimen de patrón oro, pero la mayoría parlamentaria deseaba una nueva postergación hasta enero de 1915, a lo que se oponía el presidente, que presentó infructuosamente un veto a la nueva ley.

Obras públicas

Durante su gestión puso todo su esfuerzo y energía en las obras públicas, reconstruyó Valparaíso, su puerto y el de San Antonio, construyó escuelas para 100.000 alumnos de primaria, terminó la Escuela y Museo de Bellas Artes, la Escuela de Farmacia, el Instituto Comercial, el Instituto de Educación Física y Técnica, la Escuela Normal de Preceptoras de La Serena, etc.

Una de las áreas beneficiadas fue la ferroviaria, con la aprobación en 1908 del proyecto para la construcción del ferrocarril longitudinal, que conectaría el territorio desde Tacna hasta Puerto Montt. Asimismo, dispuso construir la línea férrea desde Ancud hasta Castro, obras que terminaron en 1913. Incluso, Montt inauguró, en 1910, el Ferrocarril Transandino, que unía Los Andes con Mendoza. La muerte le quitó al presidente el sueño de verlo concluido.

Legislación
Entre las principales leyes de su gobierno destacan: Ley de Descanso Dominical,  N.° 1990 promulgada el 29 de agosto de 1907, que estableció el descanso dominical obligatorio para mujeres y menores de 16 años, si bien para el resto era un derecho renunciable.

La Ley de Alcantarillado Público, N.° 2.106 de 5 de marzo de 1908, que lo autorizó para contratar en licitación pública la construcción de alcantarillados en las ciudades con más de diez mil habitantes. La Ley de transformación de la ciudad de Santiago, del 16 de septiembre de 1909, en que se regulaba la construcción de edificios, apertura, ensanche, unión, prolongación o rectificación de calles, avenidas y plazas,  junto con la creación de nuevos parques y jardines en la ciudad de Santiago.

La creación de la Caja Nacional de Ahorros por la Ley, 2.356, en que se fusionaban las diversas cajas de ahorros y se les colocaba bajo la administración de la Caja Hipotecaria, estando abierta a todo individuo o institución.

Muerte

Montt estaba enfermo de arteriosclerosis y arritmia cardíaca, enfermedades que cada día se iban agravando. En 1902, fue a Río Bueno a consultar por ayuda al Padre Tadeo de Wiesent, famoso por su sistema de sanación hidroterápico, pero se guio solamente por lo que le dijeron sus médicos, haciendo caso omiso a los consejos de Tadeo, y por esta razón, el 16 de julio de 1910, el se embarcó hacia Alemania, junto a su mujer y su médico, esperando que los médicos alemanes pudieran conferirle una mejoría. Dejó a cargo, como vicepresidente de la República, a Elías Fernández Albano. Su barco llegó a Panamá y de allí tomaron un barco a Nueva York, y desde allí tomaron otro a Alemania. El viaje fue muy agotador y debilitó las últimas fuerzas del presidente.

Llegó a Bremen el 16 de agosto. Se alojaron él y su corta comitiva en un hotel. Cerca de la medianoche de ese día se levantó para ir al baño. Su secretario privado, al notar que no volvía después de mucho tiempo, se levantó a buscarle. Al llegar al baño lo encontró muerto, siendo causas probables de su deceso un ataque cardíaco o un derrame cerebral. El 25 de agosto se realizó una ceremonia fúnebre en la Catedral Metropolitana a la cual asistió el vicepresidente Elías Fernández Albano. Se señaló que Fernández Albano contrajo un resfrío durante dicha ceremonia, la cual sería la causa de su muerte el 6 de septiembre.

Sus restos fueron llevados a Chile, donde se celebraron sus funerales en febrero de 1911, donde asistió una multitud para darle un último adiós. Emiliano Figueroa, que se desempeñaba como titular de la cartera de Justicia e Instrucción Pública, correspondiéndole a éste presidir las ceremonias del centenario.

Referencias

Bibliografía
 Calderón Arancibia, Amanda, Biografía de don Pedro Montt Montt, Memoria de prueba, Facultad de Filosofía y Educación, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 1951.
 Castedo, Leopoldo, Chile: vida y muerte de la república parlamentaria (de Balmaceda a Alessandri), Santiago de Chile, Editorial Sudamericana, 2001.
 González Valenzuela, Jorge, Análisis Político del primer año de Gobierno de Pedro Montt Montt, Memoria de prueba, Facultad de Filosofía y Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 1966.
 Rivas Vicuña, Manuel, Historia política y parlamentaria de Chile, tomo I, Eds. Biblioteca Nacional, 1964.
 Ovalle Castillo, Francisco Javier, Don Pedro Montt: expresidente de la República de Chile, Santiago, 1918.
 Tácito, Cornelio, Don Pedro Montt: el axioma presidencial, Santiago, Imprenta, Litografía y Encuadernación "La Ilustración", 1906.
 Vargas Cariola, Juan Eduardo, "Notas sobre el pensamiento político de Pedro Montt" en Estudios de Historia de las Instituciones Políticas y Sociales de Chile, N.º2, 1968.
 Vial Correa, Gonzalo, Historia de Chile, Editorial Portada, 1981.

Enlaces externos

Nacidos en Santiago de Chile
Fallecidos en Bremen
Pedro
Alumnado de la Universidad de Chile
Alumnado del Instituto Nacional General José Miguel Carrera
Abogados de Chile
Masones de Chile
Candidatos a la presidencia de Chile
Ministros de Estado de Jorge Montt
Ministros de Estado de José Manuel Balmaceda
Ministros de Hacienda de Chile
Ministros de Justicia de Chile
Ministros de Obras Públicas de Chile
Ministros del Interior de Chile
Presidentes de Chile
Presidentes de la Cámara de Diputadas y Diputados de Chile
Hijos de presidentes de Chile

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text:
Experimental base
IGR Reactor
IVG.1М Reactor
Tokamak KTM
EAGLE Test-Bench
Lava-B test-bench
Nuclear Industry Development
Thermonuclear Research
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Publications and inventions
Mayak hotel
Water-cooled IVG.1M reactor was established in 1990 as a result of the high temperature gas-cooled IVG.1 reactor upgrading, which was commissioned in 1975 and initially devoted to test fuel elements and FAs of NRE. In the course of upgrading, gas-cooled reactor core was replaced with water-cooled one.
Technical specifications of the IVG.1M reactor
Designed thermal output …………………………………….. 72 MW
Core effective diameter …………………………..………….. 548 mm
Core height……………… …………………………………… 800 mm
U-235 charge in the core …………………………………….. 4.6 kg
Thermal neutron flux density ………………………………… 3.5х1014 n/cm2s
Water flow through the reactor……………………………….. up to 380 kg/s
Peak water temperature at the reactor outlet …………………. 95°С
The main scope of testing (relevant to NRE) was implemented in IVG.1M reactor, where four pilot cores have been tested, equipped with technological channels of various structural modifications.
The results (full preservation of integrity and almost complete retaining of original strength of fuel elements) demonstrated high performance of NRE's standard fuel elements.
The major research lines ongoing at the IVG.1M reactor to date are as follows:
studying permeability parameters and hydrogen isotopes accumulation in structural materials under reactor irradiation at the "Liana" test-bench;
studying the behavior of a fusion reactor first wall materials under emergency situation simulation;
radiation effect simulation on biological objects;
conversion of the IVG.1M reactor to low-enriched uranium fuel and many other things.
Loading of ampoule device into central channel of IVG.1M reactor
LIANA test bench
Spraying of manganese dioxide powder irradiated in IVG.1M reactor, into containers with test animals to simulate radiation exposure of living organisms after surface nuclear explosion
Extraction of container with teat animals from chemical box to estimate their irradiation level by manganese dioxide activated in IVG.1M reactor
05.03.2019 admin Experimental base, IVG.1М Reactor
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They are also attracted to molecules of other substances called adhesion. I think that a lot of people discount water and its ability to flush toxins out of the body. This unusual negative thermal expansion below 4 °C 39 °F is also observed in molten. High Heat of Vaporization - Water requires a large amount of energy to change it into a gas. A covalent bond isformed between the oxygen group 6 and two hydrogen atoms group1.
Water molecules are attracted to each other, and therefore, they show the property of cohesion. This means that it keeps ourbodies as close to 37 degrees most of the time. Adhesion means that water also sticks very well to other things, which is why it spreads out in a thin film on certain surfaces, like glass. I live next to a pond, and I have seen giant sheets of ice only an inch thick floating on top of the pond before. Good Solvent — almost anything dissolves readily in water. Water 2 is a that is at a tasteless and odorless , which is nearly colorless apart from.
H 2S is a gas at , in spite of hydrogen sulfide having nearly twice the molar mass of water. Water Polarity When the two hydrogen atoms bond with the oxygen, they attach to the top of the molecule rather like Mickey Mouse ears. So despite its small molecular weight, water has an incredibly big boiling point. This polarity allows it to dissociate in salts and bond to other polar substances such as alcohols and acids, thus dissolving them. Either way, it makes for a really pleasant time to swim.
This denser salt water sinks by convection and the replacing seawater is subject to the same process. Water is a very strong solvent, referred to as the universal solvent, dissolving many types of substances. When it freezes the solid ice is lower density than the liquid which is extremely unusual. I have to wait until about the second week of June for the water to become warm enough for me to tolerate it. In nature this only rarely occurs in extremely hostile conditions. Water has a high surface tension. The hydrogen atoms have partially positive charges δ + and the oxygen atoms havepartially negative charges δ -.
Approximately 70% offreshwater is consumed byagriculture. If I press down on the ice with my foot, it sinks a little and starts rocking back and forth. Water molecules are attracted to other molecules that contain a full charge, like an ion, a partial charge, or polar. Oils and fats do not have a charge, and the water molecule is more attracted to itself than the fat and so will pool to one area. Even if the pond did freeze more deeply, I would be terrified of the ice breaking under the pressure of my body weight.
Over land, evaporation and transpirationcontribute to the precipitation over land. Ice has a relatively open structure — more space between the molecules. Liquids with stronger intermolecular interactions are usually more viscous than liquids with weak intermolecular interactions. Even though water seems boring — no color, taste, or smell — it has amazing properties that make it necessary for supporting life. An example of a nonionic solute is. Water is fundamental for all life; without it every living thing would die. Water's high heat of evaporation is basically the amount of heat energy needed to change a gram of liquid into gas.
Visible steam and clouds are formed from minute droplets of water suspended in the air. The hydrogen bonds are more stable and will maintain its crystal-like shape. The cohesiveforces of water are related to the property of strong adhesion. When an ionic or polar compound enters water, it is surrounded by water molecules. This property is true especially in case of hydrocarbons that have C-H bonds. Non-polar molecules stay together in water because it is energetically more favorable for the water molecules to hydrogen bond to each other than to engage in with non-polar molecules. While the physical properties of water is an important thing to know the truth is that it's more important to know what water can do for you and the planet.
In general, ionic and polar substances such as , , and are relatively soluble in water, and non-polar substances such as fats and oils are not. It has a hydrophilic nature. This is analogous to related compounds such as , , and heavy water. Temperature relatesto the amount of kinetic energy that the molecules within asubstance have. Water is a tasteless, odorless liquid at ambient temperature and pressure.
The increased density of the sea water beneath the forming ice causes it to sink towards the bottom. Vaporization occurs when a liquid changes to a gas, which makes it an endothermic reaction. We don't collect information from our users. One more up and you find that H 2S hydrogen sulfide has a boiling point at -62°C. For example, if the vapor's is 2% of atmospheric pressure and the air is cooled from 25 °C, starting at about 22 °C water will start to condense, defining the , and creating or. The boiling and freezing points of water enable the molecules to be very slow to boil or freeze, this is important to the ecosystems living in water. This molecular structure gives the water molecule polarity, or a lopsided electrical charge that attracts other atoms.


The final report was released on May 5th (click here to view the final report). It acknowledges our input in relation to the link between disadvantage and higher rates of chronic disease as well as our views on the most cost-effective health promotion interventions and a number of other examples. It makes a number of recommendations including in relation to performance indicators.


Last November, ComingSoon.net exclusively revealed an animatic for director Josh Boone's The New Mutants movie which features Wolfsbane, Magic and Cannonball facing Demon Bear. Now, Boone has shared art from illustrator Ashley Guillory featuring the long-rumored Maisie Williams (Game of Thrones) as Wolfsbane. A Scottish mutant, Wolfsbane possesses the ability to transform into a wolf or into a transitional state somewhere between human and wolf.
While Williams has yet to be confirmed by 20th Century Fox for the film, the actress previously talked to EW about the X-Men film.
Previous casting rumors also pointed to Anya Taylor-Joy (Split, The Witch) playing Magik and Nat Wolff (The Fault in Our Stars) appearing as Cannonball. Dani Moonstar, aka Cheyenne/Mirage, Sunspot and Warlock will also be part of the team.
The New Mutants adapts the monthly comic book series of the same name that launched in 1982. Created by Chris Claremont and Bob McLeod, The New Mutants follows on a group of teenage mutants as heroes in training in the Marvel Universe. The feature is expected to be a departure from the sci-fi-action spectacle of other X-Men films and is instead being described as a "Stephen King meets John Hughes"-style horror movie. A comparison that might make people think of this the Netflix hit series Stranger Things, albeit with even more super powers.


FRANKFURT, Feb 8 (Reuters) - German banks are seeking to blunt any fresh U.S. sanctions against Russia so they can continue existing business with Russian clients, according to an internal briefing paper prepared by a financial industry lobby group.
The document, dated Dec. 3 2018, outlines key points for bankers to raise with U.S. officials. It reflects the consensus view of the association, which represents 180 banks, including Deutsche Bank, Commerzbank and foreign lenders with units in Germany, such as Italy's Unicredit .


text:
[Test Blu-ray 4K UHD] Pulp Fiction – ParamountPictures
by Stephen Juarez
4K picture: 4.5/5
Palme d'Or 1994 and cult film, pulp Fiction has been restored. The film was shot on 35MM film (Arriflex 35-III, Panavision Panaflex Gold II, Panavision Panaflex Lightweight and Panavision Panaflex Platinum) and the 4K Blu-ray, in the respected 2.39:1 format, is therefore from a 4K master with HEVC compression and Dolby Vision (or HDR10) presentation. Regarding the definition, it is almost flawless. First, all film defects have been erased (hair, cracks, etc.). The grain of the film is present while remaining light, very fine, homogeneous and not fixed. No presence of DNR. Compared to Blu-ray, we clearly gain in sharpness and details on the faces (the actors' makeup), sets (the dinner scene) and costumes. Is it a rediscovery? No, but it's a nice update to the movie. Image depth is very good.
No new calibration found. The film is rather consistent with our memories and old editions on that side. . The film being in a fairly realistic style, it's not an explosion of colors that we have here. We will still remember the dinner scene, whose colors stand out well. In any case, concerning the colors in general, these are saturated as it should be. Blacks are not clogged, even in the darkest scenes or at night. We will remember the costumes of Jules and Vincent, which go beautifully with Dolby Vision. The contrasts are excellent. The whites have been slightly enhanced (Mia's clothes). The tints of the faces are also more realistic. A beautiful restoration. Some small compression problems, with some very slight jerks, were detected during viewing, but nothing serious. A very good master, which we warmly recommend to fans of the film.
Sound: 2.5/5
Paramount Pictures France offers us an English track in DTS-HD Master Audio 5.1. Same as Blu-ray. Very powerful, well distributed, precise and ample, it also has some good effects that surprised us. For the latter, even if we have few action scenes, the shots or the scene where Butch overthrows Marsellus are well mixed and pass very well. But where we were stunned is that some dialogue also comes through the rear channels. We could take for example the scene where Vincent arrives to look for Mia and that she speaks to him through the speakers. The dialogues are clear, the music and songs used do the job on all channels. The subwoofer is also little but well used, always at the right times. An effective mix, which is more than enough for the film.
The French track is in Dolby Digital 2.0. This is the only big downside. The French dubbing blends in well with the original mix. The effects and the music are also well mixed, but it is still very limited. Too bad we don't have better than the track we already had on the DVD dating back to 2001…
Bonuses: 3/5
Not the usual boring chatter to get to know each other (43′)
Here are some facts about fiction (20′)
Behind the scenes of filming with Tarantino (10′)
Banner with anecdotes, during the film
We start the bonuses with Not the usual boring chatter to get to know each other in which John Travolta, Samuel L Jackson, Tim Roth, Rosanna Arquette, Amanda Plummer and Eric Stoltz recount their meeting with Quentin Tarantino, the reading of the script, the casting process, the rehearsals, the filming, the consecration at Cannes, the success of the film, and the legacy of pulp Fiction. A really interesting module dating from 2011, with a lot of anecdotes from the actors. In Here are some facts about the fiction, American critics discuss the film and what they thought of it the first time they saw it. Friendly. Finally, Behind the scenes of filming with Tarantino is the making-of, featuring raw footage from the filming of the diner scenes and the scene where Butch knocks down Marsellus Wallace.
LG 49UH60 4K UHD TV
Samsung UBD-M8500 4K UHD Blu-ray Player
Yamaha 4K UHD YHT-1840 amplifier
The bloody and burlesque odyssey of petty thugs in the Hollywood jungle through three intertwining stories.
Palme d'Or 1994, pulp Fiction is a small nugget. A scenario playing on different temporalities depicting us thugs with a scathing humor and chiseled dialogues like the famous Ezekiel.25 verse 10 recited by Samuel L Jackson, extraordinary, or the famous monologue by Christopher Walken. The cast is not to be outdone, with real stars confirmed or in the making at the time. A puzzle work that will offer us cult scenes such as the dance of Uma Thurman and John Travolta to the music of Chuck Berry. The songs used are all perfectly appropriate for the scenes where they appear and explain why the soundtrack has become cult. The direction is good, but sometimes still a little shaky, which did not prevent the film from becoming cult.
We want to say thanks to the writer of this post for this awesome material
Categories Palme D'or Tags Bluray, fiction, ParamountPictures, Pulp, UHD
THE GOOD STARS (Review)
In old age, Bob Dylan unfolds his youth – Forbes Spain


text:
StarCycle Teams up with Accurate Franchising, Inc. to Manage Franchise Expansion
WEST PALM BEACH, FL, May 25, 2021 /24-7PressRelease/ — StarCycle®, a network of indoor cycling studios and a fiercely supportive community, has teamed up with Accurate Franchising, Inc., an affiliate of the United Franchise Group (UFG), the global leaders for entrepreneurs, to grow the StarCycle brand worldwide. StarCycle provides 45-minute cardio rides, where everybody is welcome.
Based in Lake Oswego, OR, StarCycle was developed after co-founder and CEO, Dionne Del Carlo, was having a hard time finding a class that fit her needs. The barre classes didn't offer enough cardio, the other indoor cycling classes were too abrasive, and she did not want to compete or deal with the overwhelming feeling of having to track her stats in every class. StarCycle was developed as an inclusive alternative, offering on-site childcare, which was a must for Dionne. The workouts deliver results, transforming the body with high intensity, low impact workouts. The studios will transform your mind, with a welcoming environment that lets you focus on yourself. And you will be surrounded by a strong community of people supporting and cheering you on every step of your fitness journey.
"We are very excited to have established this strategic relationship with the StarCycle brand. The fitness sector is a fast-growing sector in franchising and with StarCycle's unique offering and proven model, we are looking forward to its rapid expansion throughout North America and other global markets," said Tipton Shonkwiler, Accurate Franchising President.
The brand is currently seeking domestic individual unit franchisees, domestic multi-unit franchisees and master license franchise candidates for Canada. StarCycle offers comprehensive corporate training and support for our studio owners throughout the process and tailored to every market, including in-depth instructor training, support with real-estate, design, construction, marketing, merchandising, and much more. The brand's initial franchise fee is $40,000 and the total investment cost ranges from $265,000 to $460,000.
For information about franchising opportunities with StarCycle®, visit StarCycle.
About StarCycle
StarCycle was co-founded by Dionne Del Carlo who wanted to create a new experience which was more inclusive, provided results and was built on community. StarCycle is a whole body workout with a 360 focus on the real person riding the bike. With studios in 12 cities, StarCycle knows the power of their workouts and their community.
About Accurate Franchising, Inc.
Accurate Franchising is the only franchise development consulting firm that actually owns and operates its own franchise brands. The company has first-hand experience with franchising, giving it an intimate understanding of what a franchisor needs to succeed. Accurate works with clients to help their franchises grow and thrive, while also working with its affiliated companies—Signarama, Fully Promoted, and others—to keep those franchise brands strong. Accurate Franchising has worked with more than 200 brands, domestically and internationally. For more information, visit AccurateFranchising.com
This advertisement is not an offer to sell a franchise. Any offer to sell this franchise will be made by a Franchise Disclosure Document and only the following registration by Parlay Café in any state requiring registration prior to sale.
In New York: This advertisement is not an offering. An offering can only be made by prospectus filed first with the Department of Law of the State of New York. Such filing does not constitute approval by the Department of Law.
In California: These franchises have been registered under franchise investment law of the State of California. Such registration does not constitute approval, recommendation or endorsement by the Commissioner of Business Oversight nor a finding by the Commissioner that the information provided herein is true, complete and not misleading.
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"Just wanted to take the time to say "Thanks Again" to Ed who went above & beyond to get me a great deal as well as making sure detector was shipped to me lightning fast...If you are looking for both a great deal and customer service, I highly recommend Treasure Mountain... Happy Customer. - Scooter(Scott) on Mar 23, 2013"
"Ed is A+. I was posting on a lot of forums about needing an X-1 probe for my E-trac and once Ed knew he was going to be getting one in he contacted me to let me know it was mine if I wanted it. He gave me a great deal and we made a quick transaction. It is now on its way to me. I can see him being my go-to guy now if I ever need to buy something. - Bobby on Feb 19, 2015"
"Another great deal from Ed. Thank you again sir. Never a disappointing deal from you. Will be in touch again soon I'm sure. - Devilpookie on Nov 22, 2014"
"Got my new Etrac from Ed Huffman, thanks for the fast shipping and the great price. - Pitcher on Nov 20, 2014"
"Thank you Ed. Great deal on the headphones. Have purchased from in the past and will purchase from again. Thank you. - Devilpookie on Nov 11, 2014"
"Used Killer B Wasp Headphones from Treasure Mountain. Very fast shipping, and the phones are actually in better shape than he indicated. I am very pleased. -The Silver Pirate on Sep 30, 2014"
"Thanks for the pinpointer, Ed. The Deteknix XPointer is one awesome device. For it's price and abilities, I've seen nothing that places it second best. Thanks for all your help, Ed. - Dan on Aug 21, 2014"
"Ordered metal detector friday 5-30-14 and received it on monday 6-2-14' very pleased about how quickly it came. Excellent shape just as represented,Great doing business with you Ed. You'll be hearing from me in the future for other items I may need.Thanks. - Metal Head on Jun 03, 2014"
"Thanks Ed, 100 % a pleasure to work with! Great deal on my new V3i. Thanks very much Ed for the great deal on my new White's V3i! Very easy to do business with! - Rich on Jun 11, 2014"
"Thanks Ed. Great to deal with and fast shipping from Treasure Mountain Detectors. - DirtAngler on Jun 23, 2014"
"Good Headphones. Ed carries good killer bees strait from Alabama, I bought the new one ear cup ones and used them tonight they work really well. sent in the warranty for them as well. 2-day shipping. on time arrival. Recommended! - Goldnrelics on May 16, 2014"
"Thanks Ed For The Great Deal!Great deal from Ed at Treasure Mountain Metal Detectors on a new Teknetics Eurotek Pro. (Mothers Day present for my mum.) This is my third detector from Ed in the past year and I couldn't be happier with the prices and the service I get from him. Very knowledgable with his advice and willing to answer any questions you have. Thanks Again Ed! - Fella on May 12, 2014"
"Excellent service and good deal. Thanks Ed for a good deal and your honesty in helping me choose the right detector. - TonyAD on May 06, 2014"
"Ed at Treasure Mountain is the MAN! If I need anything metal detecting related Ed is the guy I call! I now buy most all of my detectors from him from him and I am VERY pleased as always. I have purchased many other items from his also. He ships really fast and has the best service and support around. He is my #1 go to guy! - Heath on Apr 25, 2014"
"Another Great Deal & More Excellent Service! Thanks Ed! Thanks again Ed for hooking me up with the 5" coil for my CZ-3D! I'll keep you updated on results! - Fella Oct 01, 2013"
"Another happy (repeat) customer! Once again Ed gave me the best deal that I could find on accessories. A1 top notch service. - Mark V on Mar 13, 2014"
"First class service. There isn't anything better then a good vendor that you know instead of ripping you off will take real good care of you. Ed is a first class vendor who has helped me out many of times without hesitation and makes me speechless everytime. If you want a straight up no gimmick vendor that will do what he can to make you feel like you are the only customer he deals with and is willing to go very far to do so look no further give em a call you won't regret it. - Christo000 on Feb 21, 2014"
"Want 1st Class Service? Call Ed at Treasure Mountain! Ed, thanks so much for working with me on the Gold Cube. It's just what was needed to get this small gold up here! If you are "shopping around", and looking for a good store that will offer you the best in both price and service....just call Ed. - DizzyDigger on Feb 10, 2014"
"Great experience with treasure mtn detectors. A big thanks to Ed for hooking me up with and AT Pro. Definitely the place to shop. - Nockbuster on Feb 04, 2014"
"Thanks so much, great price and support! Thanks Ed and Treasure Mountain Metal Detectors, I'm looking forward to getting my Fisher Gold Bug Pro. - Bill on Oct 23, 2012"
"Thank You Treasure Mountain Detectors !!!! I want to thank Ed over at treasure mountain detectors! after speaking to Ed , told him what I was looking for and decided on the XP Deus... I have not turned my other machines back on ..... its that good. I had a few questions for Ed ,called him from the old park I was hunting and went from picking up foil to picking up coins... Eds always there for ya but if hes not he will call you back...... thanks Ed.. since I bought the deus from treasure mountain detectors and loved the service I bought another machine from Ed... Thank you Thank you Thank you... I cant say enough about you!!!! - Russ on Dec 12, 2013"
"Two Thumbs Up for Ed at Treasure Mountain Metal Detectors. Ed was able to get me a great deal on a new metal detector and ship real fast also. When you are shopping for a metal detector or any supplies for the hobby you might want to check with Ed when you get done with the other vendors. He will come through with a great deal. - Swinging1266 on Dec 07, 2013"
"Ed is the Man. Ed is definetly a vendor u wanna call he will get u what u need at a price that will be hard to beat. - Christo000 on Nov 19, 2013"
"A business man that really cares for his customer. I won't go into all the details but Ed gave me an amazing deal on my ace 250 and the shipping was very very fast and I know he had to pay the extra fee it would cost to get to my house that quickly. I can tell that Ed really cares about his customers. The Treasure MTN water bottle was a nice extra aswell. Thanks Ed! You will always have my business when it comes to metal detecting! - Damian77 on Nov 14, 2013"
"Ed is a fantastic person to deal with he will follow up to make sure your absolutely happy with your detector or accessory. Thanks. - JimJim on Nov 04, 2013"
"Ed is the man! I just wanted to express my experience with Ed. I had talked to numerous dealers on doing a trade in for my E-Trac to pick up a brand new Deus. No dealer came even close to the deal that Ed had given. I wont give the specifics of it but all I can say is after the amazing deal I literally could not pass it up. You will not find a better person to deal with who gives you an amazing trade in value for your machine. Ed has won himself a customer for life. Thanks Ed! - Ballaholyk84 on Nov 04, 2013"
"Thanks AGAIN Ed! Great service, great deals, and super fast shipping! I'll be calling again. - Johnnoh on Nov 03, 2013"
"Thanks Ed from Treasure Mountains! love my new XP Deus. I just wanted to report my business transaction with Treasure Mountains metal detectors,,,i recently purchased an XP Deus from Treasure Mountains and it arrived in the mail today nicely packed,,i cant believe how nice this thing is made im very very impressed with my new detector they really put alot of thought into this device and the quality shows.. buying a high caliber metal detector such as an XP Deus isnt cheap and being new to the hobby i wanted to pick a supporting vendor i felt i could trust and would be there in the future if i had a problem and after contacting this vendor with a variety of questions i felt confident through our communications that he would stand behind what he sells,,and i'll always be loyal to a company until they do me wrong so i look forward to dealing with Treasure Mountains in the future for any needs i may have..thanks again Ed for the great deal on my XP Deus it was wonderful dealing with you. - Showstopper on Oct 24, 2013"
"Just wanted to say thanks again. Couldn't have been more pleased with the deal or the service. That is what keeps me coming back. Appreciate all the advice and will keep ya informed on how the T2 does. - Mark on Sep 24, 2013"
"Thanks for the excellent deal! Great service, super fast shipping and more than a fair deal for my trade. Thanks Ed! You will be hearing from me again at some point . . . - Johnnoh on Sep 17, 2013"
"Ed's da man! Thanks again Ed for the great detector and an easy deal. This CZ-3D is just what I was looking for and it didn't disappoint. What a beast! Anyone looking for a great deal and/or knowledgeable service, talk to Ed at Treasure Mountain Metal Detectors. You'll be treated right! - Fella on Sep 04, 2013"
"Thanks for the supplies. Ed, it was a real pleasure meeting you today and thanks for the supplies. Garrett Pro Pinpointer, Jolly Rogers Headphones, Lesche Digging Tool, and a Collection Pouch. I would not hesitate to buy from you again. Look forward to doing business with you soon! - Airgrabber on Sep 03, 2013"
"Thanks from Brazil!! I bought an AT PRO from Ed and it was a great deal! I´d recommend Ed to anyone who wants to buy a MD at a great price...and you can be sure you´ll have an excellent customer service as well. Now I just need to learn how to use the MD I bought...lol Cheers! - Everton on Sep 02, 2013"
"Just got my scoop in. Only 4 days after I ordered it. Ed was great to work with. Looks like a heavy duty scoop, can't wait to try it out. - JJG70 on Jul 28, 2013"
"Let me tell you about treasure mountain metal detectors. I was in the market for a stealth 720 scoop, I got a pm from Ed, from treasure mountain metal detectors with a quote on a scoop, it was a very good price for what I wanted, so I ordered the scoop off Ed, now I had contacted sunspot scoops, (the company that makes the stealth 720 scoop for those that don't know) about two week prior to talking to Ed and tried to purchase the scoop off them and was told I would be put on a waiting list- they were out if stock, so when Ed contacted me I thought he had them in stock, 4 days later and I had a package from sunspot on my porch, but it was the wrong scoop, they sent me a stealth-8, I pmed Ed right away and he got on it, I guess sunspot figured I would be happier with a stealth-8. After almost a week of back and forth pm's with Ed giving me updates on my order, and asking me if he could get me a different brand scoop, which I declined because I wanted a stealth 720, I got an Email from Lyndia from sunspot to tell me i was next up for a scoop, so I sent the wrong scoop to Ed, which he paid the shipping, and I asked for a refund, which was in my PayPal in minutes after the request. So even though I ended up not buying anything off Ed, his customer service and fight to make things right after I was sent the wrong scoop told me a lot about treasure mountain metal detectors and what kind of business man Ed is, and that is why the next time I need to order a new detector, or another treasure hunting item, I will be checking with Ed first, because I know he really cares about your overall satisfaction with your purchase and he will do what it takes to make it right if your not. Ed, again thank you for trying to get me that scoop, Im sure we'll do business again in the future. - Chris Jul 25, 2013"
"Thanks to Ed from Treasure Mountain Metal Detectors! Ed, Thank you for shipping out the Garrett Pro-pointer as quickly as you did. Shocked me how fast it arrived. Your customer service was truly appreciated! Most sincerely, Gregg - ATGoldGuy on Jul 23, 2013"
"Thanks Ed @ TMMD On My New Deus Purchase! Great Deal and Wicked fast shipping. Thanks for taking the time with me! We'll do more business in the future! Those of you looking for great deals and friendly, knowledgeable service. Ed Hoffman at Treasure Mountain Metal Detectors is your guy! Thanks Again! - Fella Jul 17, 2013"
"Good deal and good customer service. I tried to get a Garret Pro Pointer and Lesche T-handle from BBH but they were on back order then tried NED but I think they are out of business or something. I looked around on here and TMMD seemed to have a good rep so I called and wasn't disappointed. They had what I needed in stock and gave me a good price. Friendly guy. Right on. Thanks. - Devilpookie on Jun 20, 2013"
"Thanks Ed at Treasure Mountain metal detectors. Thanks Ed for the great deal and outstanding serves! - Swingbot on Jun 23, 2013"
"Treasure Mountain Detectors - Fantastic customer service … Also amazing prices. Quick shipping. Ordered Friday afternoon, shipped same day and received my AT Pro Tuesday afternoon. If your in the market for a new detector you can't go wrong with Ed. I will definitely be a return customer the next time I am in the market for a detector or accessories. Thanks again Ed. New AT Pro Adventure pack Owner. - Krazyace on May 28, 2013"
"Ed is my go to guy. Gave two friends of mine great deals on new detectors/packages. If you value great customer service and a vendor who will always go the extra mile, Ed can't be beat..........and we didn't "ask" for a discount but Ed gave us the best deal without having to ask. - Fast Ed on May 23, 2013"
"Awesome service and a pleasure to deal with. Thank You very much Ed for the Xp Deus actually for the 2 of them....my friend loves his too !!!!! - Ozbach on May 23, 2013"
"1st Class customer service. Ed Huffman's deals simply can't be beat at Treasure Mtn Detectors – HawkRock on Apr 14, 2013"
"Great Deal. Ed at Treasure Mountain Detectors gave me a great deal on an At pro. Really nice guy and the transaction was hassle free. I recommend TMD. - Ky Red on Mar 08, 2013"
"True gentleman. What a pleasure it is to do business with Ed Huffman. I was struggling with a sand scoop choice and finally decided on a Stealth 720i. Ed said if it proved to be too heavy for me he would gladly take it back for a full exchange on my second choice. That is pretty much unheard of these days. If I could give Treasure Mountain 6 Stars I would....Thanks again Ed. - Fast Ed on Mar 21, 2013"
"The T2 is as good as you said. liked the G2 I had a lot but the T2 definitely goes deeper. thanks for recommending it and your service is great! - Lumpsums on Jan 31, 2013"
"Great Deal of V3i. Just bought a new tector from Ed at Treasure Mountain! An absolutely no hassle seamless transaction and great price to boot. Highly recommend Treasure Mountain for all your detector needs and check out one of their treasure hunter expeditions, that would be a nice little family get away! Thanks again for the great deal Ed and I look forward to my next purchase from Treasure Mountain. - 1Radr4lf on Jan 30, 2013"
"Thanks for speedy delivery of my new detector and great price,hope to enjoy it soon. - Jerry Hunter on Jan 26, 2013"
"Great Service from Ed. I just purchased a F5 from Treasure Mountain and the service from Ed to some one that lives on the other side of the world was excellent!! Thanks Ed. - Drover on Dec 20, 2012"
"Smoooooth...no hassle. That's what it's like to deal with Ed!! VERY easy hassle free transaction. Thanks Ed!!! - CousinEddie on Dec 13, 2012"
"Nothing but excellent customer service from Ed! I contacted Ed right are Thanksgiving to work out a trade in for a new detector. He was honest, straight forward and VERY helpful. I received My package today in great shape! I couldn't be more happy with his level of customer service. I would HIGHLY recommend Ed at Treasure Mountain Detectors and I will, without a doubt, shop with him again! Thanks Ed. - James on Dec 05, 2012"
"Cant say enough good things about TMD and Ed Huffman! I followed a link to Treasure Mountain Detectors and eventually came away a very satisfied customer! After speaking to Ed on the phone, I knew I had finally found someone that would be easy to deal with. Thanks to Ed for setting me up with a new Tesoro Vaquero, Jolly Rogers headphones, and Lesche digger at a very reasonable price. Cant wait for the Fed Ex truck to show up now! - Dtektor on Nov 25, 2012"
"Ed Rocks! Bought my first detector and some other gear from Ed at Treasure Mountain. Took a lot of time to answer my questions and give advice. Also got a great deal. Had a good feeling about doing business with him from the start. I definitely recommend Treasure Mountain. - DeeHerd on Nov 14, 2012"
"Ed Huffman is great to deal with at treasure mountain detectors! Hey folks if your looking for a great deal on a detector give Ed a try he'll work with you and trade up or down depending on the deal! - Vaquero44 on Nov 03, 2012"
"So you want to Buy a V3I? I have had my eye on the new Whites V3Iever since it hit the market. I have used a Whites (DFX) Detector for years and I am very happy with the technology ,Software, and service. Now that it was time to finally upgrade, I started shopping around. I checked lots of prices on line and made many, many calls to metal detecting shops and stores not only in my state but all over the east coast and a few on the west. When it comes to looking for a deal I don't hand over my hard earned money until I know I am paying the lowest price on the market for the best product on the market. I like to buy American Made, while at the same time keep my money as close to home as I can. When I called Ed at Treasure Mtn Detectors I had to ask him if the price he was giving me was for a used detector. He said "no it not used." So then I had to ask if it was a display model or a factory refurbished item. Again he said the price I just gave you is for a brand new Unit still in the box never used, never even put together. The price was so great I went ahead and ordered and also added an extra smaller coil (5.3 V Rated Eclipse) Come to find out Ed sold me the coil cheaper than anywhere I had found it. Ed did everything he said he would do andthen some. The price was right, the tax were right, the shipping was right, the detector was perfect. It's good to find people who still know how to do business. If you're in the marketfor a metal detector give Ed at Treasure Mtn Detectors a call. Not only does he know how to sale metal detectors he also knows how to use them. Call Ed, you want be sorry you did. - Kermit on Nov 03, 2012"
"Best prices. Great guy. If your thinking about picking up a new detector the FIRST person you should call is Ed. His prices can't be beat and he's a great guy to boot! Thanks so much Ed. I'm like a kid on Christmas eve waiting for my Tek Omega to arrive. - Oct 26, 2012"
"FANTASTIC Company GREAT Trade for me!!! Hello All, I have been o here for a while and have done some trading and buying form members and other companies.......by far I am absolutely pleased with Treasure Mountain Detectors. Ed called me to go over the trade we had set up. He is really a pleaseure to talk to....knows this hobby and really goes up and beyond. He gave me a great deal on a Tesoro product that I needed and NO ONE could beat his price. As for me I will bee doing my future deals with Ed. Thanks again Ed. - ColoSprings73 on Oct 16, 2012"
"Great Deal Honest Man!! Thanks so much for the great deal on my e-trac! You are an honest person and have quick shipping and a great customer service way about you! Please if there is anyone looking to buy a detector, get in touch with Ed first! Thanks again and I will let you know all the things I find with my new e-trac! - Chuck on Oct 12, 2012"
"Thanks For The Great Deal!!!! Ed, I just wanted say thanks again for the purchase of my new detector! You were a pleasure to deal with and quickly answered all my questions and emails. I compared your price to the other sponsors on this forum and you beat them hands down! You have created a loyal customer out of me. If anyone out there is thinking about buying a new detector, Ed is the guy you want to talk to. - Canuck on Sep 29, 2012"
"I called a couple detector suppliers today including one of the MAJOR dealers. Ed was able to beat everybody's price by major money-for me. Also, throwing in some free stuff. It was a pleasure to deal with Ed. Can't wait to get my new detector. - JP on Sep 13, 2012"
"Excelent Company. I recently ordered a White's Coinmaster as my first detector and am very pleased with the service I received> I will definitely be using Treasure Mountain again in the future. Thanks again Ed. You have a heck of a business. :-) - Akia22 on Sep 12, 2012"
"Best service you could ask for. Seldom in today's world do you find a dealer that goes out of their way for anything. Treasure Mountain is as good as it gets. Just wanted to thank Edd for all he has done for me. For those who don't know a simple call will get you some of the best prices and package deals out there and a dealer that will go out of his way to help if you need him. He has truly went above and beyond to take care of me. Hope you guys will give him a try. - TNGuns Sep 06, 2012"
"My search for a decent metal detector came to an abrupt halt recently when, I found that my job had been outsourced to India. As I had been negotiating with Ed about a Fisher F75, I had to say sorry that I would not be able to afford it now. Ed replied that he was sorry to hear that and, offered me an incredibly "generous deal", that no one has ever come close to matching. That also included free postage to New Zealand. Ok I see a lot of detector shops will post for free in the States, but I am in New Zealand. The cheapest I could find was $250 postage!! Ed said that he would cover that and still managed a "monster deal" on the F75 ltd. He kindly went the extra mile. I just hope that I can return the favor one day. I know that there are a lot of good dealers out there and Ed is certainly one of them! - Pete on Sep 04, 2012"
"I wrote a post in another area, unsure of where to write this since I'm new to this site. I traded my V3I in for a XP Deus with Ed at Treasure Mountain Detectors. I got an incredible deal and great service. I contacted many other retailers/dealers and none gave my the deal I got with Ed. My local dealers in CT didn't come close. I couldn't be happier. Thanks Ed for a great deal and fast service. I also appreciate the extras that you provided and the personal service was second to none. Looking forward to further business with you in the future. Your a man of your word and you make metal detector dreams come true. - Ggolds5 on Aug 30, 2012"
"Excellent Service! I recently purchased a Garrett AT Gold from these guys, and I am extremely pleased with the transaction. A+ seller and highly recommended! - Akgoldnuggs on Aug 17, 2012 Very Happy with the service at Treasure Mountain. Hi, I live in Australia and have been trying to get the Teknetics G2. It was proving difficult for quite some time until I contacted Ed at Treasure Mountain. Through his patience and prompt responses I got the G2 at my door without any hassles. Package was very competitive and response times are far superior to his Australian counterparts ?? Many thanks. - Projeanant on Jul 30, 2012"
"Had another great transaction with Ed @ Treasure Mountain Detectors. I'm stoked, you cannot beat this kind of service anywhere. Another detector and some accessories. Check Ed out @ TMD, great guy and excellent communicator and service. Thanks. - Jack on Jul 25, 2012"
"Happy Camper. Just wanted to let the rest of the folks know how great Edd at Treasure Mountain has been to work with. About as good an experience as you could have. His knowledge and input on what may work best for your particular needs is second to none. Great ,and I mean great, deals on detectors and accessories. Got a killer deal and made a friend .....what more can you ask for. - TNGuns on Jul 23, 2012"
"Ed, You did great. It was a pleasure doing business with you. Actually, it didn't feel like business at all. More like two buddies talking about our hobby. I got a great deal on a DFX with the 9.5" coil, a 4x6 DD coil, headphones, numerous battery packs and the list keeps going. I will be back when I need a pin pointer. Thanks again, Treasure Mountain Detectors. - Pete on Jun 15, 2012"
"Great Company to deal with.… Just purchased 2 Garrett ace 350's from treasure Mountain Detectors. Ed Huffman is a great guy to deal with, very friendly and easy to talk to. real fast service and returns calls fast. I shopped around for about a month and got the best deal, by far, from him plus free shipping. If you are in the market to get a Metal Detector you should give him a call. Thanks Ed I look forward to dealing with you in the future.... - Nightowl on Jun 14, 2012"


Jurors now have the attitude that marijuana possession is not an offense that should be dealt with inside a courtroom.
Texas is often considered one of the toughest states when it comes to bringing down the furious hammer of justice on those busted for marijuana-related offenses.
A new report, however, indicates that prosecutors in counties that make up the majority of the state's population are now dismissing more cases involving minor possession.
According to a recent analysis by the Austin American-Statesman, five of the most highly populated areas of the Lone Star State – Bexar, Dallas, Harris, Tarrant and Travis – have been experiencing a decline in criminal prosecutions for petty pot offenses over the past five years, mostly because prosecutors are getting tired of dealing with these cases on a daily basis.
"Nobody goes through three years of law school and becomes prosecutors so they can rap the knuckles of someone for smoking a joint," said Shannon Edmonds with the Texas District and County Attorney's Association.
This trend appears to be happening more in the northern part of the state, where, in Dallas County, for example, 18 percent of the pot-related cases were dismissed in 2011. That number has since risen to 41 percent.
Unfortunately, while more prosecutors are moving to dismiss minor marijuana cases, it appears that law enforcement agencies all across the state are continuing to take people into custody for this offense at a record breaking pace. In 2011, there were 61,182 arrests for marijuana possession, according to data provided by the National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws. This number increased to 71,069 the following year.
One of the biggest reasons for the increase in dismissals for marijuana cases appears to be public opinion.
Travis County prosecutor told the Statesman that many jurors now have the attitude that marijuana possession is not an offense that should be dealt with inside a courtroom.
Although various municipalities have attempted to run cite-and-release programs for small time pot offenders, the inability to find some level of synergy with respect to these programs has prompted more cases to be dealt with in court. The sad but true fact of the matter is most cases involving pot possession are still being treated as a criminal offense, complete with the potential for jail time and thousands of dollars in fines.
Yet, if the trend continues, the tides could see a shift in the coming years, with the majority of the pot possession cases resulting in dismissal. This will give state lawmakers no choice but to decriminalize the herb or legalize it in a manner similar to what's happening right now in Colorado. In fact, the word on the street is that lawmakers and activists are planning to make another push in early 2017 to eliminate the criminal penalties for simple possession.
Legislation is expected to be pre-filed in the coming months.


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Colorado court gives no relief to baker who declined to serve gay wedding
Credit: Alex Grichenko (CC0 1.0).
A Colorado baker has lamented the Colorado Court of Appeals' ruling handed down Thursday that he illegally discriminated when he declined to make a wedding cake for a same-sex couple. Jack Phillips of Masterpiece Cakeshop said that in his view the ruling means that the court created an exception to the First Amendment that wrongly affects his family-run bakery. "You're entitled to believe, but not entitled to act on those beliefs," he said in an Aug. 13 statement. "You're not free if your beliefs are confined to your mind," Phillips objected. "What makes America unique is our freedom to peacefully live out these beliefs." He had appealed the decision of Colorado's Civil Rights Commission that he violated the state's anti-discrimination law when he declined to create a wedding cake for a same-sex couple. The unanimous Aug. 13 ruling from the Colorado Court of Appeals said, "discrimination on the basis of one's opposition to same-sex marriage is discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation." The ruling rejected the cake shop's other defenses, including its stated willingness to serve gay and lesbian customers who requested birthday cakes, cookies, and other "non-wedding cake products." Phillips' bakery in Lakewood, Colorado no longer bakes wedding cakes, after the civil rights commission ruled against his shop. In 2012, he had declined a request from two men who wanted him to bake a cake for a same-sex wedding reception. Phillips said making the cake would violate his religious beliefs. In response, the two men filed a legal complaint against him. The civil rights commission ordered Phillips and his staff to undergo anti-discrimination training and to submit quarterly reports on how he is changing company policies. Phillips has decided not to make any wedding cakes, his only legal option to continue his business without violating his beliefs. At the time of the controversy, Colorado law did not recognize same-sex marriage. The Colorado appeals court cited the June 2015 decision mandating nationwide recognition of such unions, noting that the Supreme Court equated laws that preclude same-sex marriage to "discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation." Another Colorado man reacted to the ruling against the bakery by filing complaints against three other bakeries that refused to make his requested cakes, which included religious imagery and loosely paraphrased Biblical phrases about sin and homosexuality. His claims that these bakeries discriminated against him were rejected by the Civil Rights Division of the Colorado Department of Regulatory Agencies. That case was mentioned in the ruling against Masterpiece Cakes. The court said that the bakers "did not refuse the patron's request because of his creed, but rather because of the offensive nature of the requested message." The court claimed that because the state anti-discrimination law forbids all businesses from discrimination, it is "unlikely that the public would view Masterpiece's creation of a cake for a same-sex wedding celebration as an endorsement of that conduct" and a reasonable observer would consider that the behavior is not a reflection of its own beliefs. Philips objected that the court's logic mean different treatment for citizens who hold "government approved views on same-sex marriage" and those who do not. According to the latest ruling, the law would bar the bakery from notifying customers that it refuses to provide services for a same-sex marriage, though the decision said the bakery could post a disclaimer saying that providing its services for such an event does not constitute an endorsement. A strict application of state and local anti-discrimination laws and policies have begun to constrict the freedom of businesses and organizations with moral objections to homosexual acts and relationships. Catholic-run adoption agencies in some states have been forced to close, because the law would require them to place children with same-sex couples against their religious beliefs.
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