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Justin Tranter Reveals The Heart Behind His Hits For Cardi B, Ariana, Halsey, And More
The prolific songwriter breaks his process down to MTV News: 'Let's talk and find out what the truth is'
MTV News Staff mtvnews 10/16/2019
By Rob LeDonne
One of the most successful and prolific songwriters in modern pop, Justin Tranter has worked with a litany of the most important names in the genre today. Zig-zagging between helping bring to life confessional tracks from Halsey and Ariana Grande, pop confections from Justin Bieber, and the irreverent cuts from Cardi B, Tranter has constructed a chart-topping career on a crucial bedrock: a type of songwriting therapy session where he uses the deepest part of an artist's emotions to craft relatable smashes. "That's my approach to everything: Let's talk and find out what the truth is," Tranter told MTV News. "And the more specific we can be in our work and our lyrics, the more universal it becomes."
Tranter got his start as a member of the band Semi Precious Weapons before trading the microphone for a pencil, parlaying his talent into behind-the-scenes songwriting success. His interest in the human side of the industry is now extending into other endeavors. In an effort to discover and foster fresh acts, he recently launched his own record label and publishing company called Facet, with an overarching goal to empower artists. In addition, Tranter is busy with philanthropic efforts, including his annual GLAAD fundraiser timed to the organization's anti-bullying initiative dubbed Spirit Day. (This year's festivities kick off October 16 in Los Angeles.)
Jean Baptiste Lacroix/WireImage
In celebration of the launch of Facet and his latest cut, the King Princess rock ballad "Ain't Together," Tranter took MTV News into the heart of some of his most notable hits.
King Princess: "Ain't Together" (2019)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sLJbYJzD-Y0
The context: Crafted for the singer-songwriter's upcoming album Cheap Queen (out October 25), Tranter and the 20-year-old crooner first connected shortly after her piano-driven breakout, "1950," became a viral hit. "I was shown the video after it had been out for about four days and was like, 'Oh my God. Who the fuck is this?'" Tranter said. "You could tell off the bat what a musician and songwriter she is, and she's obviously proudly queer, which is important to my whole life as well."
The heart: The song, concerning the ruminations of being in an undefined relationship, was crafted a week later. "I don't want to speak for her or her personal life, but I think it's pretty fair to say that that is what she was going through at the time," Tranter said. "I said, 'Well, that has to be the song.'" Oddly enough, much of the discussion about the lyrics took place on a pickup truck outside the studio. "We needed some fresh air, and if an artist is talking about something that's super personal, I'll suggest to change environments. Plus, a lot of studios are dark and weird because people think that's what musicians want."
Ariana Grande: "Fake Smile" (2019)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XTZigwkcJhw
The context: How does one collaborate with a superstar whose personal life is regular tabloid fodder? "When everything about a singer is out there, it doesn't make it easier or harder," Tranter said of working with Grande. Crafted in New York City during a "just fucking cool and inspiring" experience, "Fake Smile" and its subject matter came out of a conversation on the last night of a week-long session. "It was just one of those things when the song fell out. Ari's a legitimate co-writer on the song, and at one point she said, 'Stop playing, I'm getting in the booth right now. And boom! She sits down and recorded the vocals herself, which I've never seen a singer ever do."
The heart: Tranter harkens back to translating the specific emotion to a universal feeling. "We wanted to address the pressures of being a public person, but I think we handled it in a very relatable way," he said of the irony. "At some point, everyone is like, 'Fuck this fake smile,' whether it's at work or at a Christmas party or with your best friend's new boyfriend. I think we got specific enough that it became universal in its specificity."
Cardi B: "Thru Your Phone" (2018)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6C_wxlp_QS0
The context: "This one is 100 percent based on personal experience," Tranter said of the biting cut from Cardi's debut album Invasion of Privacy. "The last serious relationship I had, many years ago, when it was close to the end, I went through his phone when he was in the shower and found what I knew I was going to find: He was cheating."
The heart: Built on that painful experience, Tranter and co-writers Andrew Watt, Benny Blanco, and Ali Tamposi, penned the track's pre-chorus and chorus. "Then the verses were left open and Cardi did her thing on them," he said. The song actually breaks an unwritten rule of Tranter's: It alludes to modern technology in his lyrics. "The word 'text' will be in a song, or whatever it is, and it will make me cringe a bit. This is a little more modern in terms of the reference, but it feels super honest and real, so I think we got away with it."
Janelle Monáe: "Make Me Feel" (2018)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tGRzz0oqgUE
The context: This cut from Monáe's acclaimed third studio album, Dirty Computer, lyrically took on a life of its own. "When we were writing it and me and [co-writer] Julia Michaels referenced 'sexual bender,' we weren't thinking of it as gender-bending or bisexuality, but rather a sexual or drinking bender," he said. Lo and behold, when the video came out, Tranter was pleasantly surprised that the phrasing took on a whole new meaning. "The video has bisexual storylines, and turned into something we were not even thinking of."
The heart: Tranter gives full credit to Monáe, whom he calls "an artist's artist," for the interpretation. "That's when you're a fucking artist like Janelle Monáe: when your cowriters aren't even thinking of something and you turn it into an important statement in [the guise of] a party song."
Halsey: "Bad at Love" (2017)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xdYFuCp3m9k
The context: When it comes to this anti-romance pop ballad, which hit No. 1 on the Dance Charts in 2018, Tranter calls back to songwriting as therapy where "you try to create the safest and most confident space to be in." The result was this heartfelt ear worm on which Tranter helped Halsey pen the chorus and pre-chorus; Halsey handled the verses.
The heart: "This is another one I see myself in," he said. "In my twenties, I was so fucking bad at love. I probably still am, which is why I married myself. It makes for a much easier relationship." The track also utilizes both male and female pronouns, making it a low-key bisexual anthem. "I don't know if there's another song like it, with male and female pronouns, to reach No. 2 on radio."
Justin Bieber: "Sorry" (2015)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fRh_vgS2dFE
The context: According to Tranter, his "whole fucking life motto is forgive and finesse, because forgive and forget is bullshit." Thus, "Sorry," the Bieber smash that became one of the most ubiquitous songs of 2015, was born. "The goal was to 100 percent tell a piece of Bieber's story he felt needed to be told," Tranter, who co-wrote the track with Michaels, said.
The heart: "That song is saying, 'We both fucked up and I need to say sorry too.'" One of the biggest songs of both Bieber and Tranter's careers, "Sorry" is a prime example of a hit he couldn't get away from if he tried. "If pop radio is on in a Lyft, I'll hear one of my songs, which can be super fun, because I'm sitting in the back of a car and the driver is singing a song I co-wrote and they have no idea," he explained. "It's a very weird thing when it's your work; you have to listen to it. If the song comes on and I'm alone, it feels amazing."
DNCE: "Cake by the Ocean" (2015)
The context: No, this isn't an anthem about cake. "It's about eating ass," Tranter said with a laugh. "Cake is slang for ass." Written for Joe Jonas's funky side-project DNCE, the track came about after Tranter had two thoughts after writing with the Jonas Brother. "I was thinking, this guy is really fun and really hot, so I knew we needed to write a song that was fun and sexy. On that day, in that moment, that was me trying to get him to that truth." The result turned into a Top 10 hit in 2016, despite its tawdry subject matter.
The heart: "We aren't writing these songs for ourselves, or else we would never release them," Tranter said. "The goal is that everyone hears these stories or metaphors, makes it their own, and decides what it means for them." So whether a listener thinks the song is about sex or eating literal cake, that's up to them to decide. It's probably why the song was later recorded by, um, Kidz Bop. "And it's one of their highest earners!"
Justin Tranter


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By Alan Green in Tertiary Minerals (TYM) on 13th December 2017 .
Tertiary Minerals #TYM, the AIM traded company building a strategic position in the fluorspar sector, is pleased to announce audited results for the year ended 30 September 2017.
Recent investor interest in the Company resulted in a successful placing on 6 December 2017, which raised £500,000 before expenses.
Commenting today, Managing Director, Richard Clemmey said: "Whilst the Storuman Mine Permit re-assessment process continues to progress slowly, we are really pleased with some notable developments in the Company this year".
I am pleased to present the Company's Annual Report and Financial Statements for the year ended 30 September 2017.
We have continued to advance our three main fluorspar projects during the year, albeit at a slower pace than in previous years. Partly this reflects the status of our lead fluorspar project at Storuman in Sweden, which is experiencing delays in permitting and partly it reflects a not-unrelated decline in our share price which has limited our appetite for dilutive fundraising and constrained our expenditure.
I am pleased, however, to see a significant increase in investor interest and a sharp increase in our share price and trading liquidity in recent weeks.
The Swedish Mining Inspectorate's re-assessment of our Storuman Fluorspar Project Exploitation (Mine) Permit has continued throughout the year at a frustratingly slow pace and with constantly changing goal posts. Our fellow mine developers are having the same experience and we will not be investing further funds in the project until the situation is favourably resolved. The project retains the support of key stakeholders with the exception of the Sami reindeer herding community.
At our MB Project in Nevada, scoping study level metallurgical testwork is in progress for our 86 million tonnes JORC compliant Mineral Resource with the aim of producing acid grade fluorspar and also by-product mica, whilst at our Lassedalen Project in Norway we have continued the environmental and legal due diligence associated with the acquisition of land from Norwegian aluminium producer Hydro which will help secure our mineral rights in the longer term.
Whilst we have seen falling fluorspar prices over the past 6 years I am pleased to report that there has been a significant upturn in the benchmark (FOB China) price of fluorspar also in 2017. The price of fluorspar appears to be returning to its long-term upward trend and demand is now forecast to grow over the next few years. Whilst there has been a shakeout in the fluorspar industry with a number of mines closed, new mines that were on the drawing board for some years are now progressing after finding financial and offtake support.
This is also our own experience, having just recently announced the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding with leading global commodities trading group, Possehl Erzkontor GmbH & Co. KG. This paves the way for a definitive offtake agreement, subject to further negotiation and agreement of commercial terms, and partial pre-financing of project working capital needs and/or capital investment and is a critical building block in our quest to becoming a leading supplier of fluorspar to the global markets.
Given the delays being experienced at Storuman, in January this year we announced that we would be looking at acquisition opportunities for the Company targeting an earlier cash flow than is foreseen for our existing projects, whilst maintaining fluorspar as our principal target. Genuine opportunities are hard to find but we have evaluated a number during the year, shortlisted a few, and one is now at a reasonably advanced stage of evaluation. The arrangement with Possehl will strengthen our hand in considering such opportunities.
A notable achievement in the year has been the sale of our two legacy gold projects in Finland to TSX-V listed Aurion Resources Ltd for cash and a share consideration, which we have now sold at a profit post year end. We also retain the right to advance royalty payments when mineral resources are defined and an ongoing production royalty. The value of our residual interest was boosted by the recent discovery by Aurion at their Risti Project, in the same district, of boulders containing free gold and spectacular gold grades.
I would like to pay tribute to our small management team whose professionalism was recognised when the Company received the 2017 US Bureau of Land Management's Hardrock Small Operator Award for outstanding and innovative reclamation of its exploration activity on the MB Project. This is quite an achievement for a relative newcomer to the US. I would also like to record the Board's great sadness in the passing in November 2017 of David Whitehead who, for 15 years as a non-executive director, made a great contribution to the Company.
As we head into 2018, with rekindled investor interest in the Company, we have a number of irons in the fire and so look forward to reporting further progress and encourage shareholders to attend our next Annual General Meeting to be held on Wednesday 31 January 2018 at 2.30 p.m.
To become a reliable long-term and competitive supplier of high quality fluorspar to world markets.
To acquire and develop large fluorspar deposits located close to established infrastructure and key markets in stable, democratic and mining friendly jurisdictions.
To be revenue generating in the near term.
The Group currently operates with a low-cost base to maximise the funds that can be spent on exploration and development – value adding activities. The Company has five full time employees including the Managing Director who work with and oversee carefully selected and experienced consultants and contractors. During the year the Board of Directors comprised two independent Non-Executive Directors, the Managing Director and the Executive Chairman.
Administration costs are reduced via an arrangement governed by a Management Services Agreement with Sunrise Resources plc, whereby Sunrise Resources pays a portion of Tertiary's office costs. As at the date of this report Tertiary is a significant shareholder (as defined under the AIM Rules) of Sunrise Resources plc, holding 6.88%.
However, as a consequence of the Supreme Court's decision to overturn the grant of a third-party mining company's Mine Permit in the south of Sweden (Norra Karr Mine Permit – rare earth element project, owned by Leading Edge Minerals) the government returned the Storuman Mine Permit case, along with many other cases, back to the Swedish Mining Inspectorate for re-assessment in December 2016. The re-assessment is intended to consider the impact of mining in the concession area on a wider surrounding area. Earlier this year the Swedish Mining Inspectorate requested additional information from the Company relating to the original Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and the wider area. The Company provided the additional information to the Swedish Mining Inspectorate in the form of an updated EIA in May 2017. The additional information was accepted by the Mining Inspectorate which subsequently invited all stakeholders to provide comments on the application and additional information, with the deadline for responses being 27 October 2017.
Bench scale metallurgical testwork is progressing at SGS Lakefield to ascertain if commercial grade acid-spar and mica can be produced from the ore. This is the first critical step in the preparation of a Scoping Study for the project. The results of the testwork will determine the next steps in the development of the MB Fluorspar Project. The ore presents some metallurgical challenges and the Company has therefore engaged the services of one of the world's leading fluorspar metallurgists to assist with the testwork.
Following successful completion of the metallurgical testwork, the Company will progress with modelling various production scenarios and optimisation of the transport method/cost from mine to USA market and port. These work programmes should enable the Company to work towards completion of a Scoping Studyfor the project in 2018. Further work required for the completion of the Scoping Study may include an additional phase of drilling to target higher grade mineralisation, in line with the recommendations received from the appraisal of the MB deposit from world renowned economic geologist, Dr Richard Sillitoe.
Given the commitments on its other fluorspar projects and acquisition targets, and in the absence of expenditure obligations, further exploration at the Lassedalen Project has been a lower priority in 2016/2017.
In 2016 the Company entered into a Heads of Terms with the global aluminium company, Hydro, to acquire the land and historic mine workings for the project (purchase price of 1 Norwegian Krone), subject to successful due diligence. The seasonal environmental testwork required as part of the due diligence has recently been completed by Niva and data review is underway. Following satisfactory data review the Company is planning to progress with the technical and legal due diligence prior to taking ownership of the Hydro land position, expected completion in the first half of 2018.
In January this year the Company updated the market on its business strategy and, whilst the Company remains committed to its fluorspar business and the development of its fluorspar assets, it has, since then, been reviewing complementary project acquisition opportunities capable of generating revenue and profits in a shorter timescale. Finding quality projects is not an easy task, but following the shortlisting of a number of projects for further evaluation the Company is engaged in discussions and technical due diligence with the owners of such fluorspar projects, with discussions being reasonably advanced on one particular project. There is, however, no guarantee that any deal will be successfully executed at this point.
The Company has signed a Memorandum of Understanding ("MOU") with leading global commodities trading group, Possehl Erzkontor GmbH & Co. KG ("Possehl"), a wholly owned subsidiary of CREMER, a global specialist for the trade, processing and transport of agricultural, raw, basic materials and oleochemical products, including fluorspar.
In March 2017, the Company successfully completed the sale of two legacy gold assets, Kaaresselkä and Kiekerömaa in Finland, to TSX-V listed Aurion Resources Ltd. The Company was paid £100,000 initial consideration for the projects, £15,000 in cash and £85,000 in Aurion Shares. The Company also retains a pre-production and production royalty interest in the projects, therefore providing the opportunity for potential income in the future.
Aurion has recently announced the discovery of a new bonanza gold zone, called Aurora, at its 100% owned Risti project. The Kaaresselkä project is located in the same regional deformation zone, to the south of Risti, where 133 rock grab samples collected from predominantly large and angular sub-cropping quartz-tourmaline blocks assayed from nil to 1,563.5 g/t Au, including 36 samples which assayed greater than 31 g/t Au (1 ounce per tonne). The average grade of all 133 samples is 74.3 g/t Au. In September this year Kinross Gold Corporation completed a private placement with Aurion resulting in Kinross owning 9.98% of the issued and outstanding share capital of Aurion.
The project continues to be on hold pending the issue of a new exploration licence.
No Group company has had or been notified of any instance of non-compliance with environmental legislation in any of the countries in which they work. As detailed in the project review, the Company has received a prestigious award for its innovative reclamation and sustainable mineral development work on its MB project in Nevada, USA.
Fluorocarbons, e.g. refrigerant gases, propellants, etc.
The current fluorspar price does not impact the Company's long-term strategy as it is not yet in production and the positive macroeconomic drivers for future price increases remain essentially unchanged.
*The information in this Fluorspar Market Summary is drawn from various sources, including Industrial Minerals Magazine, United States Geological Survey, Roskill, IHS, UN Comtrade, industry sources and CRU. CAGR – Compound annual growth rate.
The Group reports a loss of £395,532 for the year (2016: £473,506) after administration costs of £550,229 (2016: £558,857) and after crediting interest receivable of £277 (2016: £1,712). The loss includes expensed pre-licence and reconnaissance exploration costs of £30,617 (2016: £25,343) and impairment of available for sale investment (the Company's share in Sunrise Resources plc) of £55,987 (2016: £81,142). Administration costs include £11,396 (2016: £25,785) as non-cash costs for the value of certain share warrants held by employees as required by IFRS 2.
Revenue includes £204,110 (2016: £190,124) from the provision of management, administration and office services provided to Sunrise Resources plc, to the benefit of both companies through efficient utilisation of services, and £36,914 arising from a compensation payment from American Assay Laboratories for part sample loss.
The financial statements show that, at 30 September 2017, the Group had net current assets of £177,723 (2016: £461,018). This represents the cash position after allowing for receivables and trade and other payables. These amounts are shown in the Consolidated and Company Statements of Financial Position and are also components of the Net Assets of the Group. Net assets also include various "intangible" assets of the Company. As the name suggests, these intangible assets are not cash assets but include this year's and previous years' accrued expenditure on minerals projects where that expenditure meets the criteria in Note 1(d) accounting policies. The intangible assets total £4,508,015 (2016: £4,429,261) and the breakdown by project is shown in Note 2 to the Financial Statements.
In the reporting period impairment reviews have been undertaken by the Directors to ascertain whether the decline in fair value of the investment in Sunrise Resources plc could be considered to be significant or prolonged, as required under IAS 39.
Whilst the overall Available for Sale Revaluation has been negative since 5 November 2012, in the context of this entity, this is not considered prolonged given the timescales of the associated projects. Furthermore, due to the inherent volatility in the nature of the investment during the life cycle of the projects, and taking into account the Directors' detailed knowledge of the business of Sunrise Resources plc, the decline in fair value is not considered of significance to the underlying business nor its share price.
However, for Interim Accounts for the six month period to 31 March 2017, it was decided that the decline in fair value was likely to be deemed significant under the requirements of IAS 39; therefore an amount of £55,987 was impaired and charged to the Consolidated Income Statement, thereby increasing the loss for that period. An increase in fair value, due to an increase in share price, for the subsequent period to 30 September 2017, has been recognised in the Available for Sale Investment Reserve in equity (see Note 1(f) and Note 10 in the Notes to the Financial Statements).
An additional Available for Sale Investment was acquired in the period by way of shares in Aurion Resources Limited, as consideration for the sale of Finnish exploration licences. The increase in fair value, due to an increase in the share price of Aurion Resources Limited shares, has been recognised in the Available for Sale Investment Reserve in equity at year end.
During the 2017 financial year the Company raised a total of £300,000, before expenses, as shown in Note 14 of the Financial Statements.
The Directors prepare annual budgets and cash flow projections that extend beyond 12 months from the date of this report. Given the Group's cash position at year end (£159,278), these projections include the proceeds of future fundraising necessary within the next 12 months to meet the Company's and Group's overheads and planned discretionary project expenditures and to maintain the Company and Group as going concerns.
Following the financial year end, the Company has successfully raised £500,000 before expenses on 6 December 2017.
A bi-annual review is carried out by the Directors to whether there are any indications of impairment. The bi-annual impairment indication reviews were conducted in March 2017 and October 2017 and the directors do not consider that there are any indications of impairment in the intangible assets.
This Strategic Report was approved by the Board of Directors on 13 December 2017 and signed on its behalf.
During the year the Board of Directors comprised the Executive Chairman, Managing Director and two Non-Executive Directors. The Board considers that this structure is suitable for the Company having regard to the fact that it is not yet revenue-earning.
Non-Executive Director, Donald McAlister, has served in excess of nine years and under the terms of the Code would not now be formally regarded as independent. However, it is proposed that he should continue to seek annual re-election rather than every third year as per the Articles of Association. The Company has been fortunate to secure the services of Donald McAlister during that time and he continues to provide valuable advice based on his long experience of the mining industry.
Due to the untimely death of Non-Executive Director, David Whitehead, in November 2017, the Company will seek to appoint a suitable replacement in due course.
Notwithstanding that Donald McAlister is not considered to be independent under the terms of the Code, he is considered by the Board to be independent of management and free from any business or other relationship which could materially interfere with the exercise of his independent judgement. Directors have the facility to take external independent advice in furtherance of their duties at the Group's expense and have access to the services of the Company Secretary.
During the year, the Audit Committee, composed entirely of Non-Executive Directors, meets at least twice a year and assists the Board in meeting responsibilities in respect of external financial reporting and internal controls. The Audit Committee also keeps under review the scope and results of the audit. It also considers the cost-effectiveness, independence and objectivity of the Auditor taking account of any non-audit services provided by them.
During the year, the Remuneration Committee also comprised the Non-Executive Directors. The Remuneration Committee meets at least once a year to determine the appropriate remuneration for the Company's executive directors, ensuring that this reflects their performance and that of the Group, and to demonstrate to shareholders that executive remuneration is set by Board members who have no personal interest in the outcome of their decisions.
The Board is aware that Donald McAlister is not considered to be independent under the terms of the Code if he holds warrants to buy shares in the Company and so he no longer participates in the issue of warrants.
During the year the Nomination Committee comprised the Chairman, Managing Director and the Non-Executive Directors. The Nomination Committee meets at least once per year to lead the formal process of rigorous and transparent procedures for Board appointments and to make recommendations to the Board in accordance with best practice and other applicable rules and regulations, insofar as they are appropriate to the Group at this stage in its development.
At 30 September 2017, Tertiary Minerals plc held 7.56% of the issued share capital of Sunrise Resources plc and the Chairman of Tertiary Minerals plc is also Chairman of Sunrise Resources plc. Tertiary Minerals plc also provides management services to Sunrise Resources plc, in the search, evaluation and acquisition of new projects.
The Company received the Bureau of Land Management's (BLM) 2017 Hardrock Small Operator Award (National award) for outstanding and innovative reclamation and sustainable mineral development work on the MB Project.
The Group recognises that the goodwill of its contractors, consultants and suppliers is important to its business success and seeks to build and maintain this goodwill through fair dealings. The Group has a prompt payment policy and seeks to settle all agreed liabilities within the terms agreed with suppliers. The amount shown in the Consolidated and Company Statements of Financial Position in respect of trade payables at the end of the financial year represents 8 days of average daily purchases (2016: 14 days).
36 years' experience in mineral exploration.
31 years' experience in public company management.
Founder of the Company, Dragon Mining Ltd, Archaean Gold NL and Sunrise Resources plc.
24 years' experience in developing and managing mining/quarrying projects worldwide for Derwent Mining, Lafarge, Hargreaves (GB) Ltd, Marshalls plc and CFE.
Board Director since May 2012.
Previously Finance Director at Mwana Africa plc, Ridge Mining plc and Reunion Mining.
23 years' experience in all financial aspects of the resource industry, including metal hedging, tax planning, economic modelling/evaluation, project finance and IPOs.
Founding director of the Company.
During the last financial year David Whitehead operated as a non-executive director but he sadly passed away in November 2017.
Previously Corporate Finance Director of Kleinwort Benson, Partner and Head of Corporate Finance at Rowe & Pitman (SG Warburg Securities) and Assistant Company Secretary at the London Stock Exchange.
Held a number of non-executive directorships including Merrydown plc, African Lakes plc and Manders plc.
The Directors are pleased to submit their Annual Report and audited accounts for the year ended 30 September 2017.
The Directors prepare annual budgets and cash flow projections that extend beyond 12 months from the date of this report. Given the Company's cash position at year end (£159,278), these projections include the proceeds of future fundraising necessary within the next 12 months to meet the Company's and Group's overheads and planned discretionary project expenditures and to maintain the Company and Group as going concerns. Although the Company has been successful in raising finance in the past, there is no assurance that it will obtain adequate finance in the future. This represents a material uncertainty related to events or conditions which may cast significant doubt on the Group and Company's ability to continue as going concerns and, therefore, that they may be unable to realise their assets and discharge their liabilities in the normal course of business. However, the Directors have a reasonable expectation that they will secure additional funding when required to continue meeting corporate overheads and exploration costs for the foreseeable future and therefore believe that the going concern basis is appropriate for the preparation of the financial statements.
This expectation is strengthened by recent investor interest in the Company, resulting in a successful placing on 6 December 2017, which raised £500,000 before expenses.
In addition, Mr D Whitehead (now deceased) was a non-executive director during the financial year.
Subsequent to the year end, on 6 December 2017, there was an allotment of 41,666,670 ordinary shares of 0.01p by way of conditional placing at 1.2p per share for a total consideration of £500,000 before expenses. The issue of the Placing Shares is conditional, inter alia, on their admission to trading on AIM ("Admission"). Application has been made for the Placing Shares to be admitted to trading on AIM and Admission is expected to occur on or around 20 December 2017.
On 29 November 2017, the Company announced that it has signed a Memorandum of Understanding ("MOU") with leading global commodities trading group, Possehl Erzkontor GmbH & Co. KG ("Possehl"), a wholly owned subsidiary of CREMER. Possehl and Tertiary intend to enter into a definitive purchase and sales agreement ("Offtake Agreement") under which Tertiary will agree to sell to Possehl and Possehl will commit to purchase a minimum of 70% of commercial grade acid-spar to be produced at Tertiary's three fluorspar projects. As a condition of the Offtake Agreement Possehl will provide part of the pre-financing to Tertiary, where funds will be advanced by Possehl to Tertiary to assist the Company in meeting its working capital needs and/or its capital investment needs for the development of its fluorspar projects.
The Aurion shares issued to Tertiary earlier in the year as part consideration (£85,000) for the sale of the two legacy gold assets in Finland, were sold in November 2017 resulting in net proceeds of £116,264 and a £31,264 profit.
The Company's Annual General Meeting is convened for Wednesday 31 January 2018 at 2.30 p.m.and we hope shareholders will attend.
The financial information set out in this announcement does not constitute the Company's Statutory Accounts for the period ended 30 September 2017 or 2016. The financial information for 2016 is derived from the Statutory Accounts for 2016. Full audited accounts in respect of that financial period have been delivered to the Registrar of Companies. The Statutory Accounts for 2017 will be delivered to the Registrar of Companies following the Company's Annual General Meeting. The auditors have reported on the 2017 and 2016 accounts. Neither set of accounts contain a statement under section 498(2) or (3) the Companies Act 2006 and both received an unqualified audit opinion. However, there was an emphasis of matter in relation to a requirement that the Company raise funds in the future to continue as a going concern.
The Company reported a loss for the year ended 30 September 2017 of £366,439 (2016 – £441,591).
These financial statements were approved and authorised for issue by the Board of Directors on 13 December 2017 and were signed on its behalf.
The Directors prepare annual budgets and cash flow projections that extend beyond 12 months from the date of this report. Given the Group's cash position at year end (£159,278), these projections include the proceeds of future fundraising necessary within the next 12 months to meet the Company's and Group's overheads and planned discretionary project expenditures and to maintain the Company and Group as going concerns. Although the Company has been successful in raising finance in the past, there is no assurance that it will obtain adequate finance in the future. This represents a material uncertainty related to events or conditions which may cast significant doubt on the Group and Company's ability to continue as going concerns and, therefore, that they may be unable to realise their assets and discharge their liabilities in the normal course of business. However, the Directors have a reasonable expectation that they will secure additional funding when required to continue meeting corporate overheads and exploration costs for the foreseeable future and therefore believe that the going concern basis is appropriate for the preparation of the financial statements.
This expectation is strengthened by recent investor interest in the Company resulting in a successful placing on 6 December 2017, which raised £500,000 before expenses.
In accordance with section 408 of the Companies Act 2006, Tertiary Minerals plc is exempt from the requirement to present its own Statement of Comprehensive Income. The amount of the loss for the financial year recorded within the financial statements of Tertiary Minerals plc is £366,439 (2016: £441,591).
A bi-annual review is carried out by the Directors to consider whether there are any indications of impairment in capitalised exploration and development costs. The bi-annual impairment reviews were conducted in March 2017 and October 2017.
Available for sale assets include a holding in Sunrise Resources plc as described in Note 10. In the Interim Financial Statements for the six month period to 31 March 2017 a reduction in share price from cost was considered significant in terms of value and as a result the asset was treated as impaired in line with the requirements of IAS 39. This treatment is despite the fact that directors do not believe that the underlying business of Sunrise Resources plc is impaired either economically or commercially. A subsequent increase in share price in the period to 30 September 2017 has been recognised in equity (see Note 1(f)).
The above remuneration amounts do not include non-cash share based payments charged in these financial statements in respect of share warrants issued to the Directors amounting to £7,509 (2016: £19,308) or Employer's National Insurance contributions of £25,985 (2016: £27,530).
The above remuneration amount for R H Clemmey includes a bonus of £4,097 (2016: £15,977).
Pension contributions made during the year on behalf of Directors amounted to £258 (2016: £Nil).
The Directors are also the key management personnel. If all benefits are taken into account, the total key management personnel compensation would be £235,213 (2016: £257,458).
After recharge to Sunrise Resources plc, if all benefits are taken into account, the key management personnel net compensation cost to the Group would be £142,449 (2016: £168,403).
No liability to corporation tax arises for the year due to the Group recording a taxable loss (2016: £Nil).
The tax credit for the period is lower than the credit resulting from the loss before tax at the standard rate of corporation tax in the UK – 19% (2016: 20%). The differences are explained below.
The Group has total losses carried forward of £5,714,426 (2016: £5,351,834). This amount would be charged to tax, thereby reducing tax liability, if sufficient profits were made in the future. The deferred tax asset has not been recognised as the future recovery is uncertain given the exploration status of the Group. The carried tax loss is adjusted each year for amounts that can no longer be carried forward.
The registered office of Tertiary Minerals US Inc., is 241 Ridge Street, Suite 210, Reno, NV 89501, USA.
Although there were no indications of impairment under IFRS 6, the value of investment in and due from the subsidiary was in excess of the market value of the group at year end indicating a potential impairment per IAS 36 12(d). The directors have therefore prepared an impairment review of the carrying value of the investment in Tertiary Gold Limited. For the impairment review the Directors have used previous independent Scoping Study cashflow analysis as a basis for their assessment. The directors have then made various assumptions, which they consider reasonable at this stage, with regard to any material changes to key inputs which may affect project economics, notably fluorspar price, Mineral Resource grade and operating costs. The result of this review, together with the fact that there had been no impairment of the underlying assets held by Tertiary Gold Limited, indicated that no impairment was required in the carrying value of the investment in Tertiary Gold Limited.
Additions to available for sale investments are a combination of shares issued in lieu of cash payment for settlement of outstanding invoices to Sunrise Resources plc for management fees, and shares acquired in Aurion Resources Limited for part settlement of consideration on disposal of Finland gold assets.
The fair value of each available for sale investment is equal to the market value of its shares at 30 September 2017, based on the closing mid-market price of shares on its equity exchange market.
An issue of 132,720 1.0p ordinary shares at 1.025p per share to a director, in satisfaction of directors fees, for a total consideration of £1,360 (31 January 2017).
An issue of 50,000,000 0.01p ordinary shares at 0.6p per share, by way of placing, for a total consideration of £270,000 net of expenses (26 May 2017).
During the year to 30 September 2016 a total of 79,084,996 1.0p ordinary shares were issued, at an average price of 1.458p, for a total consideration of £1,045,133 net of expenses.
The total amount of transaction fees debited to the Share Premium account in the year was £30,000 (2016: £107,588).
The warrants outstanding at 30 September 2017 had a weighted average exercise price of £0.08 (2016: £0.09), a weighted average fair value of £0.02 (2016: £0.03) and a weighted average remaining contractual life of 2.01 years.
In the year ended 30 September 2017, warrants were granted on 31 January 2017. The aggregate of the estimated fair values of the warrants granted on this date is £3,404. In the year ended 30 September 2016, warrants were granted on 11 March 2016. The aggregate of the estimated fair values of the warrants granted on these dates is £4,603.
There were no warrants exercised in the year ending 30 September 2017.
The Company recognised total expenses of £11,396 and £25,785 related to equity-settled share based payment transactions in 2017 and 2016 respectively.
The Company rents office premises under an operating lease agreement. The current lease term is for one year expiring on 30 November 2017. No contingent rent is payable. The lease is eligible for renewal on expiry.
Lease payments recognised in loss for the period amounted to £20,239 (2016: £19,727).
The Directors have no beneficial interests in the shares of the Company's subsidiary undertakings as at 30 September 2017. The Directors of the Company are the Directors of all Group companies.
During the year the Company charged costs of £204,110 (2016: £190,124) to Sunrise Resources plc being shared overheads of £24,874 (2016: £23,488), costs paid on behalf of Sunrise Resources plc of £4,646 (2016: £4,288), staff salary costs of £69,957 (2016: £61,866) and directors' salary costs of £104,633 (2016: £100,482), comprising P L Cheetham £104,324 (2016: £99,775) and R H Clemmey £309 (2016: £707). All salary costs include employer's National Insurance and Pension contributions.
At the balance sheet date an amount of £61,275 (2016: £64,724) was due from Sunrise Resources plc.
At 30 September 2017, the Group's and Company's financial assets consisted of available for sale investments, trade receivables and cash and cash equivalents. At the same date, the Group and Company had no financial liabilities other than trade and other payables due within one year and had no agreed borrowing facilities as at this date. There is no material difference between the carrying and fair values of the Group and Company's financial assets and liabilities.
The Group holds cash balances in Sterling, US Dollars, Swedish Kronor and Euros to provide funding for exploration and evaluation activity, whilst the Company holds cash balances in Sterling, US Dollars and Euros. The Group and Company are dependent on equity fundraising through private placings which the Directors regard as the most cost-effective method of fundraising. The Directors monitor cash flow in the context of their expectations for the business to ensure sufficient liquidity is available to meet foreseeable needs.
Sensitivity analysis shows that the Sterling value of its US Dollar denominated financial assets at 30 September 2017 would increase or decrease by £806 for each 5% increase or decrease in the value of Sterling against the Dollar.
Following an audit of the Tertiary Gold Sweden Branch by the Swedish tax office, Skatteverket, an assessment of SEK 288,256 (approximately £26,467) was levied in February 2017 in respect of tax year 2013/14. The Skatteverket assertion of an incorrect tax return submission has been strongly contested by the Company's Swedish tax lawyer and the case is currently in appeal with an expectation based on professional advice that the appeal is likely to succeed.
Subsequent to the year end, on 6 December 2017, there was an allotment of 41,666,670 ordinary shares of 0.01p by way of a conditional placing at 1.2p per share for a total consideration of £500,000 before expenses. The issue of the Placing Shares is conditional, inter alia, on their admission to trading on AIM. Application has been made for the Placing Shares to be admitted to trading on AIM and Admission is expected to occur on or around 20 December 2017.


If you'd like to get in touch with us, or any of our authors, the best method is to use the contact form below – just fill in your details, your message, and send away.
Q: Do you accept unsolicited submissions directly from authors?
A: We are accepting submissions, you can submit your manuscript to us here.
Q: Are there any employment opportunities at Crystal Peake Publisher?
A: We are fully staffed at present, and we do not have an intern programme in place as of yet. However, if you are looking for a start in the publishing world we do appreciate volunteers. Otherwise, new opportunities will be announced in the newsletter as they arise.


Companies are turning to the public cloud for all the ways it makes life easier for developers. The business side of the house likes it too, since it shortens the time from idea to implementation. But the shift to any new technology must be handled with care. Learn hard-earned insights from Intuit's gradual migration to the public cloud. Read more.


A lot of plays and musicals are set in small towns. That is why Grosh Backdrops and Drapery makes sure to have stage backdrop designs that depict generic small town, iconic towns, and everything else in between.
We've made sure that our collection includes colorful pieces that will catch the attention of your audience. Among our selection of backdrop rentals are streets that depict the 1800s and 1890s. We also have town streets in different seasons, New York storefronts in various colors and configurations, and stylized depictions of Baltimore Street.
Order a small town themed stage backdrop for your production today. Simply choose from Grosh's online gallery, then give us a call at 877-363-7998 or send us a message at our contact page.
Our company delivers to customers all over the U.S.


text:
Cardiff North è un collegio elettorale gallese rappresentato alla camera dei Comuni del parlamento del Regno Unito. Elegge un membro del parlamento con il sistema maggioritario a turno unico; l'attuale parlamentare è Anna McMorrin del Partito Laburista, che rappresenta il collegio dal 2017.

Estensione
1950–1974: i ward del County Borough di Cardiff di Cathays, Central, Gabalfa, Penylan e Plasnewydd.
1974–1983: i ward del County Borough di Cardiff di Cathays, Central, Penylan e Plasnewydd.
1983–2010: i ward della città di Cardiff di Gabalfa, Heath, Lisvane and St Mellons, Llandaff North, Llanishen, Rhiwbina e Whitchurch and Tongwynlais.
dal 2010: le divisioni elettorali di Cardiff di Gabalfa, Heath, Lisvane, Llandaff North, Llanishen, Pontprennau and Old St Mellons, Rhiwbina e Whitchurch and Tongwynlais.

Il centro cittadino di Cardiff fu compreso in Cardiff North dal 1950 al 1983, mentre da allora è incluso in Cardiff Central.

Membri del parlamento

Elezioni

Elezioni negli anni 2010

Elezioni negli anni 2000

Risultati dei referendum

Referendum sulla permanenza del Regno Unito nell'Unione europea del 2016

Note

Cardiff North

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Reading: Historical dictionary of American radio - Donald G. Godfrey and Frederic A. Leigh (eds), 1998
Historical dictionary of American radio - Donald G. Godfrey and Frederic A. Leigh (eds), 1998
Huub Wijfjes
Review of: Historical dictionary of American radio. Donald G. Godfrey and Frederic A. Leigh (eds), Westpon, Londen (Greenwood Press), 1998, 485 p.
How to Cite: Wijfjes, H., 2018. Historical dictionary of American radio - Donald G. Godfrey and Frederic A. Leigh (eds), 1998. Journal for Media History, 2(1), pp.152–153.
Published on 14 Aug 2018.
Wijfjes, H., 2018. Historical dictionary of American radio - Donald G. Godfrey and Frederic A. Leigh (eds), 1998. Journal for Media History, 2(1), pp.152–153.
Wijfjes H. Historical dictionary of American radio - Donald G. Godfrey and Frederic A. Leigh (eds), 1998. Journal for Media History. 2018;2(1):152–3.
Wijfjes, H. (2018). Historical dictionary of American radio - Donald G. Godfrey and Frederic A. Leigh (eds), 1998. Journal for Media History, 2(1), 152–153.
Wijfjes H, 'Historical Dictionary of American Radio - Donald G. Godfrey and Frederic A. Leigh (eds), 1998' (2018) 2 Journal for Media History 152
Wijfjes, Huub. 2018. "Historical Dictionary of American Radio - Donald G. Godfrey and Frederic A. Leigh (eds), 1998". Journal for Media History 2 (1): 152–53.
Wijfjes, Huub. "Historical Dictionary of American Radio - Donald G. Godfrey and Frederic A. Leigh (eds), 1998". Journal for Media History 2, no. 1 (2018): 152–53.
Wijfjes, H.. "Historical Dictionary of American Radio - Donald G. Godfrey and Frederic A. Leigh (eds), 1998". Journal for Media History, vol. 2, no. 1, 2018, pp. 152–53.
Published by Netherlands Institute for Sound and Vision

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Nominal gilt yields fell sharply during 2011 Q3, with rates on average around 90 basis points lower than at the end of 2011 Q2, with a larger decrease in medium maturities.
The average daily aggregate value of gilts lent by the Asset Purchase Facility to the Debt Management Office during the three months to 30 September 2011 was £2.6 billion, slightly more than the £2.4 billion lent on average during the previous quarter.
As gilt yields decreased, spreads on UK non-financial investment-grade corporate bonds increased markedly over the period, with levels in line with those seen in March 2008 but still well short of the peak reached at the end of 2008.


text:
Inaugural Freda Jacob scholarship and ILC scholarships awarded
ILC Strategic Projects Manager Francine Snadden has been awarded the inaugural Freda Jacob scholarship.
Freda Jacob AM was the inspiration, founder and driving force behind the development of the Independent Living Centre WA (ILC). The Freda Jacob scholarship, announced by the ILC Board in 2017 in memory of Freda, aims to acknowledge an individual who demonstrates the same determination, compassion and commitment to all people that Freda showed.
Valued at $5,000, the scholarship will enable Francine to undertake a Project Management accredited course. Francine is responsible for a range of projects at the ILC and she is enthusiastic about undertaking this training so that she can continue to efficiently and effectively deliver projects.
"I'm currently working on a range of projects that are aimed at improving individuals' lives by giving them the tools and support they need to be more independent, safe and well. This may be through assistive equipment, technology, home modifications or allied heath support.
"My aim is to deliver these projects in the best way possible so that people with disability and those who are ageing can access the right supports they need in the simplest and most timely manner," said Francine.
A further three ILC scholarships were awarded to Speech Pathologist Tanith Brien, Physiotherapist Lauren Noble and Occupational Therapist Nicola Seafield.
The scholarships aim to provide employees with the opportunity to develop in an area that will enable them to further support people with a disability and the frail aged, their carers and families.
Tanith's scholarship will enable her to undertake work to become certified as a PODD (Pragmatically Organised Dynamic Display) trainer, enabling her to support people with complex communication needs, their carers and support people.
Communicating when you can't speak can be a big challenge. People with complex communication needs communicate in a range of ways other than speech, including pointing, gestures, sign, communication books, boards and electronic communication devices.
PODD is a way of organising language in a communication book or speech generating device that enables people with complex communication needs to 'have a voice'.
Tanith said she applied for the ILC scholarship to enable her the opportunity to be able to train people in using PODD communication systems so that people with complex communication needs are benefited from these language systems.
"Being able to communicate is a basic human right and I'm passionate about helping people who are unable to speak to communicate in other ways. Through providing training in PODD communication systems I hope to support people, including health professionals, carers, other support people and family members, how to set up and effectively use these language systems," said Tanith.
Lauren's scholarship will enable her to attend a PD Warrior course, an intensive, exercise-based program designed to drive neuroplastic change in people with Parkinson's, helping to slow the Parkinson's down. It is in stark contrast to the compensatory movement and cueing strategies employed in current clinical practice.
Launched in April 2012, PD Warrior is a nationally recognised program in Australia and is now licensed in four countries. As part of her studies, Lauren will undertake both online learning and practical workshops.
Lauren said she applied for the ILC scholarship because "it provides the opportunity to attend a course which could dramatically change the way in which she supports people with Parkinson's.
In my role at the ILC, I work with many clients who have Parkinson's. I believe evidence based practice is of the utmost importance, hence why further training in this area would enable me to better support people who have Parkinson's."
Nicola's scholarship will enable her to undertake a 12-month distance learning program called 'Brain Tree Training' so that she can better support people with cognitive issues and dementia.
Nicola said she wants to be able to provide the best possible support for people with cognitive issues, including providing accurate assessments and having an increased knowledge of specific interventions that could benefit people.
"The course offers a great opportunity for me to further develop my skills in working with people with cognitive issues; and at the end of the day to better assist people to be able to support themselves and live independently and safely, which is what my role is all about," she said.
ILC Chief Executive Officer Steve Glew congratulated the recipients on being awarded their scholarships.
"The Independent Living Centre is committed to providing employees with ongoing and interactive learning opportunities that will enhance their development.
"The studies the recipients will undertake will not only contribute to their professional development, but will also benefit the ILC and people with a disability and older people which is why they were chosen to receive the scholarship.
"The ILC has a high calibre of health professionals and we are very proud of their endeavours to continually improve the services we offer," he said.
The total value of the scholarships awarded in 2018 is $13,700.
Gail Stacey


text:
U.S. Wants IAEA Chief Out At Term's End
WASHINGTON – The Bush administration wants to oust the head of the U.N. nuclear watchdog agency after his second term ends next summer.
No public criticism is being directed at Mohamed ElBaradei, (search) an Egyptian diplomat who has run the International Atomic Energy Agency (search) since 1997.
State Department spokesman Richard Boucher cited as the sole U.S. reason for trying to remove him an informal agreement among some 14 countries that heads of U.N. and other international bodies should serve no more than two terms.
"There is nothing exciting, there is nothing dramatic about it," Boucher said Monday.
The Washington Post said Sunday that the administration has dozens of intercepts of ElBaradei's telephone calls with Iranian diplomats and is scrutinizing them for information to support his ouster.
ElBaradei reported progress in U.N. weapons inspections in Iraq last year while the administration was trying to rally U.N. support for the war that overthrew President Saddam Hussein (search).
Secretary of State Colin Powell dismissed the report of progress at the time as "all process, not substance."
Currently, ElBaradei is pursuing a measured approach to Iran's suspected nuclear weapons program.
Boucher's account avoided suggesting any U.S. dissatisfaction with the 62-year-old former international lawyer.
"Our view has always been two terms is enough," he said. Other countries in the so-called Geneva group share in that general policy, he said.
Daryl Kimball, president of the private Arms Control Association, said the two-term stance was not "written in stone" and that the administration was irritated with ElBaradei, whose main job is monitoring the 1970 nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.
More than 180 countries have signed the treaty, which serves as a cornerstone in efforts to limit the spread of nuclear weapons and weapons technology.
"Key states do not agree with the U.S. that it is time for ElBaradei, who has been fair but tough, to depart the scene," Kimball said in an interview.
"He has done a good job, and the agency has been aggressive" in promoting compliance with the treaty, Kimball said.
Also, he said, two past directors of the U.N. agency, Hans Blix and Sigvard Eklund, each served four terms.


The MT2000 Series combines the simplicity of a scanner with the intelligence of a mobile computer, providing advanced 1-D/2-D barcode, DPM and image capture, as well as the ability to key in and view data. 802.11a/b/g, Bluetooth, corded and batch connectivity options provide the flexibility to meet a wide range of applications, and the ergonomic yet rugged design offers comfortable, reliable operation throughout your environment. Built on the .Net platform for easy application development, the MT2000 Series also comes pre-loaded with inventory software and an MCL client to facilitate porting of new and legacy applications.
Sr Imager Ce 320x240/21 key/Blk/Ww. Interface cables and charging cradles sold separately. Single slot Bluetooth charging cradle (Part# STB2078-C10007WR) requires power supply (Part# PWR-BGA12V50W0WW) and AC Line cord (Part# 23844-00-00R). Quad charging cradle kit (Part# KT-STB2000-C4US).
SCANNER ONLY. 1D Laser Scanner, Windows CE 5.0, Wi-Fi/Bluetooth, Color Display, Numeric Keypad, MCL Capable. Interface cables and charging cradles sold separately. Single slot Bluetooth charging cradle (Part# STB2078-C10007WR) requires power supply (Part# PWR-BGA12V50W0WW) and AC Line cord (Part# 23844-00-00R). Quad charging cradle kit (Part# KT-STB2000-C4US).
SCANNER ONLY. 2D Imager, High-Density, Wi-Fi/Bluetooth, Windows CE 5.0, Color Screen, Numeric Keypad. Interface cables and charging cradles sold separately. Single slot Bluetooth charging cradle (Part# STB2078-C10007WR) requires power supply (Part# PWR-BGA12V50W0WW) and AC Line cord (Part# 23844-00-00R). Quad charging cradle kit (Part# KT-STB2000-C4US).
SCANNER ONLY. 2D Imager, Wi-Fi/Bluetooth interfaces, Direct Part Mark (DPM) capable, Windows CE 5.0, Color Display, Numeric Keypad. Interface cables and charging cradles sold separately. Single slot Bluetooth charging cradle (Part# STB2078-C10007WR) requires power supply (Part# PWR-BGA12V50W0WW) and AC Line cord (Part# 23844-00-00R). Quad charging cradle kit (Part# KT-STB2000-C4US).


Thursday 21st March 2019 Drive c: is locked by the system administrator in our company. The LayoutEditor Installer does not allow to change the installation location. How to get the LayoutEditor running?
Thursday 21st March 2019 Please download the ZIP package of the LayoutEditor. This package will be visible after pressing on *View all LayoutEditor packages* on the download page. To install this ZIP package just unzip it at any location on your disc and call 'LayoutEditor.bat' to start. That's it. No administration rights on your system required. In some rare cases you need to install the Microsoft Runtime Package that is included in the '3rd-party' folder. This is usually only required on a fresh system without any Microsoft application installed or any other application created with the Microsoft compiler.


Investment Banking Transactions - D.A. Davidson & Co.
We bring a unique and customized approach to each engagement, an approach which we've delivered throughout countless successful transactions.
We know that your needs are unique and that overcoming your challenges demands more than a "one size fits all" solution. Our decades of experience serving the middle market and deep industry expertise — backed by the power of our full-service platform and commitment to your success — enable us to deliver straightforward, customized advice when you need it most.


text:
/**
 * \file texenv.c
 *
 * glTexEnv-related functions
 */

#include "main/glheader.h"
#include "main/context.h"
#include "main/enums.h"
#include "main/macros.h"
#include "main/mtypes.h"
#include "main/state.h"
#include "main/texenv.h"
#include "main/texstate.h"

#define TE_ERROR(errCode, msg, value)				\
   _mesa_error(ctx, errCode, msg, _mesa_lookup_enum_by_nr(value));

/** Set texture env mode */
static void
set_env_mode(struct gl_context *ctx,
             struct gl_texture_unit *texUnit,
             GLenum mode)
{
   GLboolean legal;

   if (texUnit->EnvMode == mode)
      return;

   switch (mode) {
   case GL_MODULATE:
   case GL_BLEND:
   case GL_DECAL:
   case GL_REPLACE:
   case GL_ADD:
   case GL_COMBINE:
      legal = GL_TRUE;
      break;
   case GL_REPLACE_EXT:
      mode = GL_REPLACE; /* GL_REPLACE_EXT != GL_REPLACE */
      legal = GL_TRUE;
      break;
   case GL_COMBINE4_NV:
      legal = ctx->Extensions.NV_texture_env_combine4;
      break;
   default:
      legal = GL_FALSE;
   }

   if (legal) {
      FLUSH_VERTICES(ctx, _NEW_TEXTURE);
      texUnit->EnvMode = mode;
   }
   else {
      TE_ERROR(GL_INVALID_ENUM, "glTexEnv(param=%s)", mode);
   }
}

static void
set_env_color(struct gl_context *ctx,
              struct gl_texture_unit *texUnit,
              const GLfloat *color)
{
   if (TEST_EQ_4V(color, texUnit->EnvColorUnclamped))
      return;
   FLUSH_VERTICES(ctx, _NEW_TEXTURE);
   COPY_4FV(texUnit->EnvColorUnclamped, color);
   texUnit->EnvColor[0] = CLAMP(color[0], 0.0F, 1.0F);
   texUnit->EnvColor[1] = CLAMP(color[1], 0.0F, 1.0F);
   texUnit->EnvColor[2] = CLAMP(color[2], 0.0F, 1.0F);
   texUnit->EnvColor[3] = CLAMP(color[3], 0.0F, 1.0F);
}

/** Set an RGB or A combiner mode/function */
static void
set_combiner_mode(struct gl_context *ctx,
                  struct gl_texture_unit *texUnit,
                  GLenum pname, GLenum mode)
{
   GLboolean legal;

   switch (mode) {
   case GL_REPLACE:
   case GL_MODULATE:
   case GL_ADD:
   case GL_ADD_SIGNED:
   case GL_INTERPOLATE:
      legal = GL_TRUE;
      break;
   case GL_SUBTRACT:
      legal = ctx->Extensions.ARB_texture_env_combine;
      break;
   case GL_DOT3_RGB_EXT:
   case GL_DOT3_RGBA_EXT:
      legal = (ctx->Extensions.EXT_texture_env_dot3 &&
               pname == GL_COMBINE_RGB);
      break;
   case GL_DOT3_RGB:
   case GL_DOT3_RGBA:
      legal = (ctx->Extensions.ARB_texture_env_dot3 &&
               pname == GL_COMBINE_RGB);
      break;
   case GL_MODULATE_ADD_ATI:
   case GL_MODULATE_SIGNED_ADD_ATI:
   case GL_MODULATE_SUBTRACT_ATI:
      legal = ctx->Extensions.ATI_texture_env_combine3;
      break;
   case GL_BUMP_ENVMAP_ATI:
      legal = (ctx->Extensions.ATI_envmap_bumpmap &&
               pname == GL_COMBINE_RGB);
      break;
   default:
      legal = GL_FALSE;
   }

   if (!legal) {
      TE_ERROR(GL_INVALID_ENUM, "glTexEnv(param=%s)", mode);
      return;
   }

   switch (pname) {
   case GL_COMBINE_RGB:
      if (texUnit->Combine.ModeRGB == mode)
         return;
      FLUSH_VERTICES(ctx, _NEW_TEXTURE);
      texUnit->Combine.ModeRGB = mode;
      break;

   case GL_COMBINE_ALPHA:
      if (texUnit->Combine.ModeA == mode)
         return;
      FLUSH_VERTICES(ctx, _NEW_TEXTURE);
      texUnit->Combine.ModeA = mode;
      break;
   default:
      TE_ERROR(GL_INVALID_ENUM, "glTexEnv(pname=%s)", pname);
   }
}

/** Set an RGB or A combiner source term */
static void
set_combiner_source(struct gl_context *ctx,
                    struct gl_texture_unit *texUnit,
                    GLenum pname, GLenum param)
{
   GLuint term;
   GLboolean alpha, legal;

   /*
    * Translate pname to (term, alpha).
    *
    * The enums were given sequential values for a reason.
    */
   switch (pname) {
   case GL_SOURCE0_RGB:
   case GL_SOURCE1_RGB:
   case GL_SOURCE2_RGB:
   case GL_SOURCE3_RGB_NV:
      term = pname - GL_SOURCE0_RGB;
      alpha = GL_FALSE;
      break;
   case GL_SOURCE0_ALPHA:
   case GL_SOURCE1_ALPHA:
   case GL_SOURCE2_ALPHA:
   case GL_SOURCE3_ALPHA_NV:
      term = pname - GL_SOURCE0_ALPHA;
      alpha = GL_TRUE;
      break;
   default:
      TE_ERROR(GL_INVALID_ENUM, "glTexEnv(pname=%s)", pname);
      return;
   }

   if ((term == 3) && !ctx->Extensions.NV_texture_env_combine4) {
      TE_ERROR(GL_INVALID_ENUM, "glTexEnv(pname=%s)", pname);
      return;
   }

   assert(term < MAX_COMBINER_TERMS);

   /*
    * Error-check param (the source term)
    */
   switch (param) {
   case GL_TEXTURE:
   case GL_CONSTANT:
   case GL_PRIMARY_COLOR:
   case GL_PREVIOUS:
      legal = GL_TRUE;
      break;
   case GL_TEXTURE0:
   case GL_TEXTURE1:
   case GL_TEXTURE2:
   case GL_TEXTURE3:
   case GL_TEXTURE4:
   case GL_TEXTURE5:
   case GL_TEXTURE6:
   case GL_TEXTURE7:
      legal = (ctx->Extensions.ARB_texture_env_crossbar &&
               param - GL_TEXTURE0 < ctx->Const.MaxTextureUnits);
      break;
   case GL_ZERO:
      legal = (ctx->Extensions.ATI_texture_env_combine3 ||
               ctx->Extensions.NV_texture_env_combine4);
      break;
   case GL_ONE:
      legal = ctx->Extensions.ATI_texture_env_combine3;
      break;
   default:
      legal = GL_FALSE;
   }

   if (!legal) {
      TE_ERROR(GL_INVALID_ENUM, "glTexEnv(param=%s)", param);
      return;
   }

   FLUSH_VERTICES(ctx, _NEW_TEXTURE);

   if (alpha)
      texUnit->Combine.SourceA[term] = param;
   else
      texUnit->Combine.SourceRGB[term] = param;
}

/** Set an RGB or A combiner operand term */
static void
set_combiner_operand(struct gl_context *ctx,
                     struct gl_texture_unit *texUnit,
                     GLenum pname, GLenum param)
{
   GLuint term;
   GLboolean alpha, legal;

   /* The enums were given sequential values for a reason.
    */
   switch (pname) {
   case GL_OPERAND0_RGB:
   case GL_OPERAND1_RGB:
   case GL_OPERAND2_RGB:
   case GL_OPERAND3_RGB_NV:
      term = pname - GL_OPERAND0_RGB;
      alpha = GL_FALSE;
      break;
   case GL_OPERAND0_ALPHA:
   case GL_OPERAND1_ALPHA:
   case GL_OPERAND2_ALPHA:
   case GL_OPERAND3_ALPHA_NV:
      term = pname - GL_OPERAND0_ALPHA;
      alpha = GL_TRUE;
      break;
   default:
      TE_ERROR(GL_INVALID_ENUM, "glTexEnv(pname=%s)", pname);
      return;
   }

   if ((term == 3) && !ctx->Extensions.NV_texture_env_combine4) {
      TE_ERROR(GL_INVALID_ENUM, "glTexEnv(pname=%s)", pname);
      return;
   }

   assert(term < MAX_COMBINER_TERMS);

   /*
    * Error-check param (the source operand)
    */
   switch (param) {
   case GL_SRC_COLOR:
   case GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_COLOR:
      /* The color input can only be used with GL_OPERAND[01]_RGB in the EXT
       * version.  In the ARB and NV versions they can be used for any RGB
       * operand.
       */
      legal = !alpha
	 && ((term < 2) || ctx->Extensions.ARB_texture_env_combine
	     || ctx->Extensions.NV_texture_env_combine4);
      break;
   case GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA:
      /* GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA can only be used with
       * GL_OPERAND[01]_(RGB|ALPHA) in the EXT version.  In the ARB and NV
       * versions it can be used for any operand.
       */
      legal = (term < 2) || ctx->Extensions.ARB_texture_env_combine
	 || ctx->Extensions.NV_texture_env_combine4;
      break;
   case GL_SRC_ALPHA:
      legal = GL_TRUE;
      break;
   default:
      legal = GL_FALSE;
   }

   if (!legal) {
      TE_ERROR(GL_INVALID_ENUM, "glTexEnv(param=%s)", param);
      return;
   }

   FLUSH_VERTICES(ctx, _NEW_TEXTURE);

   if (alpha)
      texUnit->Combine.OperandA[term] = param;
   else
      texUnit->Combine.OperandRGB[term] = param;
}

static void
set_combiner_scale(struct gl_context *ctx,
                   struct gl_texture_unit *texUnit,
                   GLenum pname, GLfloat scale)
{
   GLuint shift;

   if (scale == 1.0F) {
      shift = 0;
   }
   else if (scale == 2.0F) {
      shift = 1;
   }
   else if (scale == 4.0F) {
      shift = 2;
   }
   else {
      _mesa_error( ctx, GL_INVALID_VALUE,
                   "glTexEnv(GL_RGB_SCALE not 1, 2 or 4)" );
      return;
   }

   switch (pname) {
   case GL_RGB_SCALE:
      if (texUnit->Combine.ScaleShiftRGB == shift)
         return;
      FLUSH_VERTICES(ctx, _NEW_TEXTURE);
      texUnit->Combine.ScaleShiftRGB = shift;
      break;
   case GL_ALPHA_SCALE:
      if (texUnit->Combine.ScaleShiftA == shift)
         return;
      FLUSH_VERTICES(ctx, _NEW_TEXTURE);
      texUnit->Combine.ScaleShiftA = shift;
      break;
   default:
      TE_ERROR(GL_INVALID_ENUM, "glTexEnv(pname=%s)", pname);
   }
}

void GLAPIENTRY
_mesa_TexEnvfv( GLenum target, GLenum pname, const GLfloat *param )
{
   const GLint iparam0 = (GLint) param[0];
   struct gl_texture_unit *texUnit;
   GLuint maxUnit;

   GET_CURRENT_CONTEXT(ctx);
   ASSERT_OUTSIDE_BEGIN_END(ctx);

   maxUnit = (target == GL_POINT_SPRITE_NV && pname == GL_COORD_REPLACE_NV)
      ? ctx->Const.MaxTextureCoordUnits : ctx->Const.MaxCombinedTextureImageUnits;
   if (ctx->Texture.CurrentUnit >= maxUnit) {
      _mesa_error(ctx, GL_INVALID_OPERATION, "glTexEnvfv(current unit)");
      return;
   }

   texUnit = _mesa_get_current_tex_unit(ctx);

   if (target == GL_TEXTURE_ENV) {
      switch (pname) {
      case GL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE:
         set_env_mode(ctx, texUnit, (GLenum) iparam0);
         break;
      case GL_TEXTURE_ENV_COLOR:
         set_env_color(ctx, texUnit, param);
         break;
      case GL_COMBINE_RGB:
      case GL_COMBINE_ALPHA:
         set_combiner_mode(ctx, texUnit, pname, (GLenum) iparam0);
	 break;
      case GL_SOURCE0_RGB:
      case GL_SOURCE1_RGB:
      case GL_SOURCE2_RGB:
      case GL_SOURCE3_RGB_NV:
      case GL_SOURCE0_ALPHA:
      case GL_SOURCE1_ALPHA:
      case GL_SOURCE2_ALPHA:
      case GL_SOURCE3_ALPHA_NV:
         set_combiner_source(ctx, texUnit, pname, (GLenum) iparam0);
	 break;
      case GL_OPERAND0_RGB:
      case GL_OPERAND1_RGB:
      case GL_OPERAND2_RGB:
      case GL_OPERAND3_RGB_NV:
      case GL_OPERAND0_ALPHA:
      case GL_OPERAND1_ALPHA:
      case GL_OPERAND2_ALPHA:
      case GL_OPERAND3_ALPHA_NV:
         set_combiner_operand(ctx, texUnit, pname, (GLenum) iparam0);
	 break;
      case GL_RGB_SCALE:
      case GL_ALPHA_SCALE:
         set_combiner_scale(ctx, texUnit, pname, param[0]);
	 break;
      case GL_BUMP_TARGET_ATI:
         if (!ctx->Extensions.ATI_envmap_bumpmap) {
	    _mesa_error( ctx, GL_INVALID_ENUM, "glTexEnv(pname=0x%x)", pname );
	    return;
	 }
	 if ((iparam0 < GL_TEXTURE0) ||
             (iparam0 > GL_TEXTURE31)) {
	    /* spec doesn't say this but it seems logical */
	    _mesa_error( ctx, GL_INVALID_ENUM, "glTexEnv(param=0x%x)", iparam0);
	    return;
	 }
	 if (!((1 << (iparam0 - GL_TEXTURE0)) & ctx->Const.SupportedBumpUnits)) {
	    _mesa_error( ctx, GL_INVALID_VALUE, "glTexEnv(param=0x%x)", iparam0);
	    return;
	 }
	 else {
	    FLUSH_VERTICES(ctx, _NEW_TEXTURE);
	    texUnit->BumpTarget = iparam0;
	 }
	 break;
      default:
	 _mesa_error( ctx, GL_INVALID_ENUM, "glTexEnv(pname)" );
	 return;
      }
   }
   else if (target == GL_TEXTURE_FILTER_CONTROL_EXT) {
      if (pname == GL_TEXTURE_LOD_BIAS_EXT) {
	 if (texUnit->LodBias == param[0])
	    return;
	 FLUSH_VERTICES(ctx, _NEW_TEXTURE);
         texUnit->LodBias = param[0];
      }
      else {
         TE_ERROR(GL_INVALID_ENUM, "glTexEnv(pname=%s)", pname);
	 return;
      }
   }
   else if (target == GL_POINT_SPRITE_NV) {
      /* GL_ARB_point_sprite / GL_NV_point_sprite */
      if (!ctx->Extensions.NV_point_sprite
	  && !ctx->Extensions.ARB_point_sprite) {
	 _mesa_error( ctx, GL_INVALID_ENUM, "glTexEnv(target=0x%x)", target );
	 return;
      }
      if (pname == GL_COORD_REPLACE_NV) {
         if (iparam0 == GL_TRUE || iparam0 == GL_FALSE) {
            /* It's kind of weird to set point state via glTexEnv,
             * but that's what the spec calls for.
             */
            const GLboolean state = (GLboolean) iparam0;
            if (ctx->Point.CoordReplace[ctx->Texture.CurrentUnit] == state)
               return;
            FLUSH_VERTICES(ctx, _NEW_POINT);
            ctx->Point.CoordReplace[ctx->Texture.CurrentUnit] = state;
         }
         else {
            _mesa_error( ctx, GL_INVALID_VALUE, "glTexEnv(param=0x%x)", iparam0);
            return;
         }
      }
      else {
         _mesa_error( ctx, GL_INVALID_ENUM, "glTexEnv(pname=0x%x)", pname );
         return;
      }
   }
   else {
      _mesa_error( ctx, GL_INVALID_ENUM, "glTexEnv(target=0x%x)",target );
      return;
   }

   if (MESA_VERBOSE&(VERBOSE_API|VERBOSE_TEXTURE))
      _mesa_debug(ctx, "glTexEnv %s %s %.1f(%s) ...\n",
                  _mesa_lookup_enum_by_nr(target),
                  _mesa_lookup_enum_by_nr(pname),
                  *param,
                  _mesa_lookup_enum_by_nr((GLenum) iparam0));

   /* Tell device driver about the new texture environment */
   if (ctx->Driver.TexEnv) {
      (*ctx->Driver.TexEnv)( ctx, target, pname, param );
   }
}

void GLAPIENTRY
_mesa_TexEnvf( GLenum target, GLenum pname, GLfloat param )
{
   GLfloat p[4];
   p[0] = param;
   p[1] = p[2] = p[3] = 0.0;
   _mesa_TexEnvfv( target, pname, p );
}

void GLAPIENTRY
_mesa_TexEnvi( GLenum target, GLenum pname, GLint param )
{
   GLfloat p[4];
   p[0] = (GLfloat) param;
   p[1] = p[2] = p[3] = 0.0;
   _mesa_TexEnvfv( target, pname, p );
}

void GLAPIENTRY
_mesa_TexEnviv( GLenum target, GLenum pname, const GLint *param )
{
   GLfloat p[4];
   if (pname == GL_TEXTURE_ENV_COLOR) {
      p[0] = INT_TO_FLOAT( param[0] );
      p[1] = INT_TO_FLOAT( param[1] );
      p[2] = INT_TO_FLOAT( param[2] );
      p[3] = INT_TO_FLOAT( param[3] );
   }
   else {
      p[0] = (GLfloat) param[0];
      p[1] = p[2] = p[3] = 0;  /* init to zero, just to be safe */
   }
   _mesa_TexEnvfv( target, pname, p );
}

/**
 * Helper for glGetTexEnvi/f()
 * \return  value of queried pname or -1 if error.
 */
static GLint
get_texenvi(struct gl_context *ctx, const struct gl_texture_unit *texUnit,
            GLenum pname)
{
   switch (pname) {
   case GL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE:
      return texUnit->EnvMode;
      break;
   case GL_COMBINE_RGB:
      return texUnit->Combine.ModeRGB;
   case GL_COMBINE_ALPHA:
      return texUnit->Combine.ModeA;
   case GL_SOURCE0_RGB:
   case GL_SOURCE1_RGB:
   case GL_SOURCE2_RGB: {
      const unsigned rgb_idx = pname - GL_SOURCE0_RGB;
      return texUnit->Combine.SourceRGB[rgb_idx];
   }
   case GL_SOURCE3_RGB_NV:
      if (ctx->Extensions.NV_texture_env_combine4) {
         return texUnit->Combine.SourceRGB[3];
      }
      else {
         _mesa_error(ctx, GL_INVALID_ENUM, "glGetTexEnvfv(pname)");
      }
      break;
   case GL_SOURCE0_ALPHA:
   case GL_SOURCE1_ALPHA:
   case GL_SOURCE2_ALPHA: {
      const unsigned alpha_idx = pname - GL_SOURCE0_ALPHA;
      return texUnit->Combine.SourceA[alpha_idx];
   }
   case GL_SOURCE3_ALPHA_NV:
      if (ctx->Extensions.NV_texture_env_combine4) {
         return texUnit->Combine.SourceA[3];
      }
      else {
         _mesa_error(ctx, GL_INVALID_ENUM, "glGetTexEnvfv(pname)");
      }
      break;
   case GL_OPERAND0_RGB:
   case GL_OPERAND1_RGB:
   case GL_OPERAND2_RGB: {
      const unsigned op_rgb = pname - GL_OPERAND0_RGB;
      return texUnit->Combine.OperandRGB[op_rgb];
   }
   case GL_OPERAND3_RGB_NV:
      if (ctx->Extensions.NV_texture_env_combine4) {
         return texUnit->Combine.OperandRGB[3];
      }
      else {
         _mesa_error(ctx, GL_INVALID_ENUM, "glGetTexEnvfv(pname)");
      }
      break;
   case GL_OPERAND0_ALPHA:
   case GL_OPERAND1_ALPHA:
   case GL_OPERAND2_ALPHA: {
      const unsigned op_alpha = pname - GL_OPERAND0_ALPHA;
      return texUnit->Combine.OperandA[op_alpha];
   }
   case GL_OPERAND3_ALPHA_NV:
      if (ctx->Extensions.NV_texture_env_combine4) {
         return texUnit->Combine.OperandA[3];
      }
      else {
         _mesa_error(ctx, GL_INVALID_ENUM, "glGetTexEnvfv(pname)");
      }
      break;
   case GL_RGB_SCALE:
      return 1 << texUnit->Combine.ScaleShiftRGB;
   case GL_ALPHA_SCALE:
      return 1 << texUnit->Combine.ScaleShiftA;
   case GL_BUMP_TARGET_ATI:
      /* spec doesn't say so, but I think this should be queryable */
      if (ctx->Extensions.ATI_envmap_bumpmap) {
         return texUnit->BumpTarget;
      }
      else {
         _mesa_error(ctx, GL_INVALID_ENUM, "glGetTexEnvfv(pname)");
      }
      break;

   default:
      _mesa_error(ctx, GL_INVALID_ENUM, "glGetTexEnvfv(pname)");
      break;
   }

   return -1; /* error */
}

void GLAPIENTRY
_mesa_GetTexEnvfv( GLenum target, GLenum pname, GLfloat *params )
{
   GLuint maxUnit;
   const struct gl_texture_unit *texUnit;
   GET_CURRENT_CONTEXT(ctx);
   ASSERT_OUTSIDE_BEGIN_END(ctx);

   maxUnit = (target == GL_POINT_SPRITE_NV && pname == GL_COORD_REPLACE_NV)
      ? ctx->Const.MaxTextureCoordUnits : ctx->Const.MaxCombinedTextureImageUnits;
   if (ctx->Texture.CurrentUnit >= maxUnit) {
      _mesa_error(ctx, GL_INVALID_OPERATION, "glGetTexEnvfv(current unit)");
      return;
   }

   texUnit = _mesa_get_current_tex_unit(ctx);

   if (target == GL_TEXTURE_ENV) {
      if (pname == GL_TEXTURE_ENV_COLOR) {
         if(ctx->NewState & (_NEW_BUFFERS | _NEW_FRAG_CLAMP))
            _mesa_update_state(ctx);
         if(ctx->Color._ClampFragmentColor)
            COPY_4FV( params, texUnit->EnvColor );
         else
            COPY_4FV( params, texUnit->EnvColorUnclamped );
      }
      else {
         GLint val = get_texenvi(ctx, texUnit, pname);
         if (val >= 0) {
            *params = (GLfloat) val;
         }
      }
   }
   else if (target == GL_TEXTURE_FILTER_CONTROL_EXT) {
      if (pname == GL_TEXTURE_LOD_BIAS_EXT) {
         *params = texUnit->LodBias;
      }
      else {
         _mesa_error( ctx, GL_INVALID_ENUM, "glGetTexEnvfv(pname)" );
	 return;
      }
   }
   else if (target == GL_POINT_SPRITE_NV) {
      /* GL_ARB_point_sprite / GL_NV_point_sprite */
      if (!ctx->Extensions.NV_point_sprite
	  && !ctx->Extensions.ARB_point_sprite) {
         _mesa_error( ctx, GL_INVALID_ENUM, "glGetTexEnvfv(target)" );
         return;
      }
      if (pname == GL_COORD_REPLACE_NV) {
         *params = (GLfloat) ctx->Point.CoordReplace[ctx->Texture.CurrentUnit];
      }
      else {
         _mesa_error( ctx, GL_INVALID_ENUM, "glGetTexEnvfv(pname)" );
         return;
      }
   }
   else {
      _mesa_error( ctx, GL_INVALID_ENUM, "glGetTexEnvfv(target)" );
      return;
   }
}

void GLAPIENTRY
_mesa_GetTexEnviv( GLenum target, GLenum pname, GLint *params )
{
   GLuint maxUnit;
   const struct gl_texture_unit *texUnit;
   GET_CURRENT_CONTEXT(ctx);
   ASSERT_OUTSIDE_BEGIN_END(ctx);

   maxUnit = (target == GL_POINT_SPRITE_NV && pname == GL_COORD_REPLACE_NV)
      ? ctx->Const.MaxTextureCoordUnits : ctx->Const.MaxCombinedTextureImageUnits;
   if (ctx->Texture.CurrentUnit >= maxUnit) {
      _mesa_error(ctx, GL_INVALID_OPERATION, "glGetTexEnviv(current unit)");
      return;
   }

   texUnit = _mesa_get_current_tex_unit(ctx);

   if (target == GL_TEXTURE_ENV) {
      if (pname == GL_TEXTURE_ENV_COLOR) {
         params[0] = FLOAT_TO_INT( texUnit->EnvColor[0] );
         params[1] = FLOAT_TO_INT( texUnit->EnvColor[1] );
         params[2] = FLOAT_TO_INT( texUnit->EnvColor[2] );
         params[3] = FLOAT_TO_INT( texUnit->EnvColor[3] );
      }
      else {
         GLint val = get_texenvi(ctx, texUnit, pname);
         if (val >= 0) {
            *params = val;
         }
      }
   }
   else if (target == GL_TEXTURE_FILTER_CONTROL_EXT) {
      if (pname == GL_TEXTURE_LOD_BIAS_EXT) {
         *params = (GLint) texUnit->LodBias;
      }
      else {
         _mesa_error( ctx, GL_INVALID_ENUM, "glGetTexEnviv(pname)" );
	 return;
      }
   }
   else if (target == GL_POINT_SPRITE_NV) {
      /* GL_ARB_point_sprite / GL_NV_point_sprite */
      if (!ctx->Extensions.NV_point_sprite
	  && !ctx->Extensions.ARB_point_sprite) {
         _mesa_error( ctx, GL_INVALID_ENUM, "glGetTexEnviv(target)" );
         return;
      }
      if (pname == GL_COORD_REPLACE_NV) {
         *params = (GLint) ctx->Point.CoordReplace[ctx->Texture.CurrentUnit];
      }
      else {
         _mesa_error( ctx, GL_INVALID_ENUM, "glGetTexEnviv(pname)" );
         return;
      }
   }
   else {
      _mesa_error( ctx, GL_INVALID_ENUM, "glGetTexEnviv(target)" );
      return;
   }
}

/**
 * Why does ATI_envmap_bumpmap require new entrypoints? Should just
 * reuse TexEnv ones...
 */
void GLAPIENTRY
_mesa_TexBumpParameterivATI( GLenum pname, const GLint *param )
{
   GLfloat p[4];
   GET_CURRENT_CONTEXT(ctx);
   ASSERT_OUTSIDE_BEGIN_END(ctx);

   if (!ctx->Extensions.ATI_envmap_bumpmap) {
      /* This isn't an "official" error case, but let's tell the user
       * that something's wrong.
       */
      _mesa_error(ctx, GL_INVALID_OPERATION, "glTexBumpParameterivATI");
      return;
   }

   if (pname == GL_BUMP_ROT_MATRIX_ATI) {
      /* hope that conversion is correct here */
      p[0] = INT_TO_FLOAT( param[0] );
      p[1] = INT_TO_FLOAT( param[1] );
      p[2] = INT_TO_FLOAT( param[2] );
      p[3] = INT_TO_FLOAT( param[3] );
   }
   else {
      p[0] = (GLfloat) param[0];
      p[1] = p[2] = p[3] = 0.0F;  /* init to zero, just to be safe */
   }
   _mesa_TexBumpParameterfvATI( pname, p );
}

void GLAPIENTRY
_mesa_TexBumpParameterfvATI( GLenum pname, const GLfloat *param )
{
   struct gl_texture_unit *texUnit;
   GET_CURRENT_CONTEXT(ctx);
   ASSERT_OUTSIDE_BEGIN_END(ctx);

   if (!ctx->Extensions.ATI_envmap_bumpmap) {
      _mesa_error(ctx, GL_INVALID_OPERATION, "glTexBumpParameterfvATI");
      return;
   }

   texUnit = _mesa_get_current_tex_unit(ctx);

   if (pname == GL_BUMP_ROT_MATRIX_ATI) {
      if (TEST_EQ_4V(param, texUnit->RotMatrix))
         return;
      FLUSH_VERTICES(ctx, _NEW_TEXTURE);
      COPY_4FV(texUnit->RotMatrix, param);
   }
   else {
      _mesa_error( ctx, GL_INVALID_ENUM, "glTexBumpParameter(pname)" );
      return;
   }
   /* Drivers might want to know about this, instead of dedicated function
      just shove it into TexEnv where it really belongs anyway */
   if (ctx->Driver.TexEnv) {
      (*ctx->Driver.TexEnv)( ctx, 0, pname, param );
   }
}

void GLAPIENTRY
_mesa_GetTexBumpParameterivATI( GLenum pname, GLint *param )
{
   const struct gl_texture_unit *texUnit;
   GLuint i;
   GET_CURRENT_CONTEXT(ctx);
   ASSERT_OUTSIDE_BEGIN_END(ctx);

   if (!ctx->Extensions.ATI_envmap_bumpmap) {
      _mesa_error(ctx, GL_INVALID_OPERATION, "glGetTexBumpParameterivATI");
      return;
   }

   texUnit = _mesa_get_current_tex_unit(ctx);

   if (pname == GL_BUMP_ROT_MATRIX_SIZE_ATI) {
      /* spec leaves open to support larger matrices.
         Don't think anyone would ever want to use it
         (and apps almost certainly would not understand it and
         thus fail to submit matrices correctly) so hardcode this. */
      *param = 4;
   }
   else if (pname == GL_BUMP_ROT_MATRIX_ATI) {
      /* hope that conversion is correct here */
      param[0] = FLOAT_TO_INT(texUnit->RotMatrix[0]);
      param[1] = FLOAT_TO_INT(texUnit->RotMatrix[1]);
      param[2] = FLOAT_TO_INT(texUnit->RotMatrix[2]);
      param[3] = FLOAT_TO_INT(texUnit->RotMatrix[3]);
   }
   else if (pname == GL_BUMP_NUM_TEX_UNITS_ATI) {
      GLint count = 0;
      for (i = 0; i < ctx->Const.MaxTextureImageUnits; i++) {
         if (ctx->Const.SupportedBumpUnits & (1 << i)) {
            count++;
         }
      }
      *param = count;
   }
   else if (pname == GL_BUMP_TEX_UNITS_ATI) {
      for (i = 0; i < ctx->Const.MaxTextureImageUnits; i++) {
         if (ctx->Const.SupportedBumpUnits & (1 << i)) {
            *param++ = i + GL_TEXTURE0;
         }
      }
   }
   else {
      _mesa_error( ctx, GL_INVALID_ENUM, "glGetTexBumpParameter(pname)" );
      return;
   }
}

void GLAPIENTRY
_mesa_GetTexBumpParameterfvATI( GLenum pname, GLfloat *param )
{
   const struct gl_texture_unit *texUnit;
   GLuint i;
   GET_CURRENT_CONTEXT(ctx);
   ASSERT_OUTSIDE_BEGIN_END(ctx);

   if (!ctx->Extensions.ATI_envmap_bumpmap) {
      _mesa_error(ctx, GL_INVALID_OPERATION, "glGetTexBumpParameterfvATI");
      return;
   }

   texUnit = _mesa_get_current_tex_unit(ctx);

   if (pname == GL_BUMP_ROT_MATRIX_SIZE_ATI) {
      /* spec leaves open to support larger matrices.
         Don't think anyone would ever want to use it
         (and apps might not understand it) so hardcode this. */
      *param = 4.0F;
   }
   else if (pname == GL_BUMP_ROT_MATRIX_ATI) {
      param[0] = texUnit->RotMatrix[0];
      param[1] = texUnit->RotMatrix[1];
      param[2] = texUnit->RotMatrix[2];
      param[3] = texUnit->RotMatrix[3];
   }
   else if (pname == GL_BUMP_NUM_TEX_UNITS_ATI) {
      GLint count = 0;
      for (i = 0; i < ctx->Const.MaxTextureImageUnits; i++) {
         if (ctx->Const.SupportedBumpUnits & (1 << i)) {
            count++;
         }
      }
      *param = (GLfloat) count;
   }
   else if (pname == GL_BUMP_TEX_UNITS_ATI) {
      for (i = 0; i < ctx->Const.MaxTextureImageUnits; i++) {
         if (ctx->Const.SupportedBumpUnits & (1 << i)) {
            *param++ = (GLfloat) (i + GL_TEXTURE0);
         }
      }
   }
   else {
      _mesa_error( ctx, GL_INVALID_ENUM, "glGetTexBumpParameter(pname)" );
      return;
   }
}

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gypsies in romania
[145], According to a legend reported in the Persian epic poem, the Shahnameh, from Iran and repeated by several modern authors, the Sasanian king Bahrām V Gōr learned towards the end of his reign (421–39) that the poor could not afford to enjoy music, and he asked the king of India to send him ten thousand luris, lute-playing experts. [252], Czechoslovakia carried out a policy of sterilization of Romani women, starting in 1973. There are countless reports of Roma children being abducted from their parents, women who had their ears cut off, and Romani who were branded with hot irons. Virginity is essential in unmarried women. The idea of the "cultural turn" was introduced; and this was also the time when the notion of cultural democracy became crystallized in the debates carried on at various public forums. Most of the Ciganos of Portugal, the Gitanos of Spain, the Romanichal of the UK, and Scandinavian Travellers have lost their knowledge of pure Romani, and respectively speak the mixed languages Caló,[219] Angloromany, and Scandoromani. A Comparative Analysis of Legal Mobilization by Roma and Women's Groups at the European Level", Not Always the Same Old Story: Spatial Segregation and Feelings of Dislike against Roma and Sinti in Large Cities and Medium-size Towns in Italy, "The situation of the Roma in the European Union", "Final report on the human rights situation of the Roma, Sinti and travellers in Europe", "Who we Were, Who we Are: Kosovo Roma Oral History Collection", Scandinavian Travellers (Tavinger, Romanisæl), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Romani_people&oldid=986244629, CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of August 2020, CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Wikipedia pending changes protected pages, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Pages using infobox ethnic group with unsupported parameters, Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters, Pages using collapsible list with both background and text-align in titlestyle, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from September 2015, Pages with non-English text lacking appropriate markup from July 2020, Articles containing Russian-language text, Articles containing Belarusian-language text, Articles containing Ukrainian-language text, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles lacking reliable references from September 2017, Articles needing additional references from June 2016, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2019, Articles needing additional references from February 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2018, Wikipedia articles with TDVİA identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Many countries, such as Germany, Italy and Portugal, ordered the expulsion of all Romani. [231][232], Most historians agree that Charles III pragmática failed for three main reasons, ultimately derived from its implementation outside major cities and in marginal areas: The difficulty the Gitano community faced in changing its nomadic lifestyle, the marginal lifestyle in which the community had been driven by society and the serious difficulties of applying the pragmática in the fields of education and work. Although 1385 marks the first recorded transaction for a Romani slave in Wallachia, they were issued safe conduct by Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund in 1417. There was not any option for a person to declare multiple ethnicities. I understand your point about gyspsies not being SYNONYMOUS with Romanians but I will assert that many gyspies ARE Romanian. Both Rom and Romani have been in use in English since the 19th century as an alternative for Gypsy. This shift of attitude in scholarly circles derived from concerns specific not only to ethnicity, but also to society, gender and class. [248], In Eastern Europe, Roma children often attend Roma Special Schools, separate from non-Roma children, which puts them at an educational disadvantage. (2008). Especially in Northern America, gypsy is a form of lifestyle or a type of look, not an ethnicity. Other historians believe that the Romani were enslaved while captured during the battles with the Tatars. [7 Absolutely Evil Medical Experiments].
After the wars, and into the first decade of the 18th century, Romanis were slaughtered with impunity throughout Holland. [citation needed] [99][100] This belief appears to derive from verses in the biblical Book of Ezekiel (29: 6 and 12-13) referring to the Egyptians being scattered among the nations by an angry God. The mother is deemed to be impure for forty days after giving birth.
[176], Around 1360, a fiefdom called the Feudum Acinganorum was established in Corfu, which mainly used Romani serfs and to which the Romani on the island were subservient. [112] Several million more Romanis may live outside Europe, in particular in the Middle East and in the Americas.[113]. Many of the words and grammatical rules of the Romani language are virtually identical to those of the Hindi language.
Heidenjachten, translated as "heathen hunt" happened throughout Holland in an attempt to eradicate them. Are you genetically more similar to your mom or your dad? Of course, we who are settled vastly outnumber the nomads, but this does not give us a claim to a superior mode of existence, still less to demand that Gypsies adapt to it. In Romania lived until 1989 18 different minority groups out of which Hungarians , Germans, Slovaks , Serbs , Polish, Bulgarians, Turks, Tartars, Gypsies including Italians and Arabs after the fall of the comunism settled in Romania The Tatar slaves, smaller in numbers, were eventually merged into the Roma population. Romanis, called 'heiden' by the Dutch, wandered throughout the rural areas of Europe and became the societal pariahs of the age. suggests "a limited number of related founders, compatible with a small group of migrants splitting from a distinct caste or tribal group". [239] Partly for this reason, discrimination against the Romani people has continued to the present day,[240][241] although efforts are being made to address them.
As these soldiers were defeated, they were moved west with their families into the Byzantine Empire. Reviewing the situation in 2012, one Belgian magazine observed:.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}, On International Roma Day, which falls on 8 April, the significant proportion of Europe's 12 million Roma who live in deplorable conditions will not have much to celebrate.
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gypsies in romania 2020