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Home > Find Alumni in Illinois > Find Alumni listed in Downers Grove, Illinois
Find Alumni Listed in Downers Grove, Illinois
Listed below are alumni from schools in Downers Grove, Illinois. Click on any of the schools below to view those alumni currently listed and to search for others not yet listed. Find out what alumni from Downers Grove are doing now.
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All Schools Listed in Downers Grove, Illinois
Community High School Dist 99-north High School
Community High School Dist 99-south High School
Downers Grove South High School
Marquett Manor Baptist High School
Marquette Manor Baptist Acad
Ombudsman Downers Grove
Power Think
Latest Downers Grove, IL Alumni
Lisa Reynolds Downers Grove South High School
Amy Bauer Downers Grove South High School
Nancy Davis Downers Grove South High School
Nancy Mcgovern Downers Grove South High School
Ronald Dancho Ombudsman Downers Grove
Linda Mrv Downers Grove South High School
Kat Kes Downers Grove South High School
Robert Peirce Downers Grove South High School
John Boudreau Downers Grove South High School
Chisele Ibarra Downers Grove South High School
Daniel Finn Downers Grove South High School
Todd Hep Downers Grove South High School
Jim Laurick Downers Grove South High School
Steve Salzbrunn Downers Grove South High School
Amy Hicks Downers Grove South High School
Joseph Schumacher Downers Grove South High School
Michelle Aaa Downers Grove South High School
Tracy Myers Downers Grove South High School
Wendy Schiller Downers Grove South High School
Victor Tschaika Downers Grove South High School
Rose Sav Downers Grove South High School
Bob Partridge Downers Grove South High School
Lynn Plyucinski Downers Grove South High School
Jon Urgello Downers Grove South High School
Robert Johan Downers Grove South High School
Jane Armstrong Downers Grove South High School
Sal Palacios Downers Grove South High School
Karen Cominsky Downers Grove South High School
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Fri., Aug. 3, 2018, 11:13 a.m.
SEATTLE – Celebrity fishing boat captain Sig Hansen has paid an undisclosed sum of money to get an Uber driver to drop a lawsuit stemming from Hansen's assault of the driver after a night of drinking in Seattle's Ballard neighborhood last year.
Hansen, 52 – the Norwegian-American skipper of the Seattle-based crabbing boat the Northwestern and star on the reality TV series "The Deadliest Catch" – declined to comment about the lawsuit's settlement this week.
Lawal's assault-and-battery lawsuit emerged in August 2017, three months after the Uber driver's encounter with Hansen and his family following a celebration in Ballard of Syttende Mai – Norway's Constitution Day.
Earlier this week, Hansen was dealt a legal blow in a separate civil case. On Monday, the state Court of Appeals denied Hansen's appeal seeking to halt a separate sexual assault lawsuit brought against him last year by his estranged daughter, Melissa Eckstrom. The ruling allows that case to proceed to trial.
Published: Aug. 3, 2018, 11:13 a.m.


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Q: Save the CheckBox state I need to know if is possible to save the state of a CheckBox in C#? I mean if I check the CheckBox and close the program, once I restart the program the CheckBox will still stay checked. Is it possible to?

A: This is rather a general question. You need to serialise the state yourself somehow, but how, and where to depends on a lot of things.
Possibly take a look at a Settings file for a simple start.

A: For this, you will need to record the state of the CheckBox yourself. For example, you could  store the value in an XML document that would contain your application's UI states. An example, in a very simplistic form, you could do the following:
// ... as the application is closing ...
// Store the state of the check box
System.IO.File.WriteAllText(@"C:\AppFile.txt", this.CheckBox1.IsChecked.ToString());

// ...

// ... as the application is being initialized ...
// Read the state of the check box
string value = System.IO.File.ReadAllText(@"C:\AppFile.txt");
this.CheckBox1.IsChecked = bool.Parse(value);

As you can see, this simply stores the value in a file and reads it back in during initialization. This is not a great way of doing it, but it demonstrates a possible process to follow.

A: The easiest way of doing this would be to use a config XML file. You can add this very easily through visual studio, there is no need to use registry and it can be used if the app is portable as the settings are saved with the program. A tutorial of how to set this up is here:
http://www.sorrowman.org/c-sharp-programmer/save-user-settings.html

A: If you are using Web application cookie enabled and storing the information in cookie then it is possible.
You can checkout http://www.daniweb.com/web-development/aspnet/threads/30505
http://asp.net-tutorials.com/state/cookies/

A: In C# you can use the Settings file. Information how to use it can be found here : http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa730869%28v=vs.80%29.aspx

A: If you wanted to save this to the Registry you could do something like this
RegistryKey Regkey = "HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\MyApplication";
RegKey.SetValue("Checkbox", Checkbox.Checked);

but personally I would save it to the .Config file
Here is an example of how to do it using the Config File if you so desire
private static string getConfigFilePath()
{
    return Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location + ".config";
}
private static XmlDocument loadConfigDocument()
{
    XmlDocument docx = null;
    try
    {
        docx = new XmlDocument();
        docx.Load(getConfigFilePath());
        return docx;
    }
    catch (System.IO.FileNotFoundException e)
    {
        throw new Exception("No configuration file found.", e);
    }
}
private void rem_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    if (rem.Checked == true)
    {
        rem.CheckState = CheckState.Checked;
        System.Xml.XmlDocument docx = new System.Xml.XmlDocument();
        docx = loadConfigDocument();
        System.Xml.XmlNode node;
        node = docx.SelectSingleNode("//appsettings");
        try
        {
            string key = "rem.checked";
            string value = "true";
            XmlElement elem = (XmlElement)node.SelectSingleNode(string.Format("//add[@key='{0}']", key));
            if (elem != null)
            {
                elem.SetAttribute("value", value);
            }
            else
            {
               elem = docx.CreateElement("add");
                elem.SetAttribute("key", key);
                elem.SetAttribute("value", value);
                node.AppendChild(elem);
            }
            docx.Save(getConfigFilePath());
        }
        catch (Exception e2)
        {
            MessageBox.Show(e2.Message);
        }
    }
}

A: I would use Settings like this:
Assuming a boolean setting called boxChecked has been created.
//if user checks box
Properties.Settings.Default.boxChecked = true;
Properties.Settings.Default.Save();

//...

//when the program loads
if(Properties.Settings.Default.boxChecked)
{
    checkBox1.Checked = true;
}
else
{
    checkBox1.Checked = false;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
AMD admits to neglecting budget chips during the ongoing silicon shortage
Duh, but d'oh.
During a J.P. Morgan conference this week, AMD CEO Lisa Su admitted what we all knew was happening anyway: Amidst a crippling industry-wide silicon shortage, AMD is prioritizing supplies of higher-end (and thus higher margin) CPUs and graphics cards.
When J.P. Morgan's Harlan Sur asked if the company could be shipping more if it had more fabrication capacity available, Su (partly) replied that "I think like most of the semiconductor companies, we would say that demand exceeds supply. That's certainly true...There is some compute that we're leaving under serviced. I would say—particularly, if you look at some of the segments in the PC market, sort of the lower end of the PC market, we have prioritized some of the higher-end commercial SKUs and gaming SKUs and those kinds of things."
It's a tacit admission but not a surprising one. AMD's kick-ass Ryzen 5000 desktop CPUs launched all the way back in November yet still suffer from availability issues, and there aren't even any affordable Ryzen 3 processors announced (much less shipping) yet.
The $1,000 Radeon RX 6900 XT sure is pretty.
AMD also started with an enthusiast focus on the GPU side of things. The company's new RDNA 2-based Radeon 6000-series graphics cards include the $1,000-plus Radeon RX 6900 XT, but the most modest current GPU available is the $380 Radeon RX 6700 XT—well above the $250 or so segment widely considered to be the mainstream market. (We called it "a good GPU that—understandably—costs too much" given the current GPU drought.)
On the plus side, you've been able to buy those high-end Ryzen 5000 CPUs more frequently in recent weeks, and AMD already teased a lower-end Ryzen 3 APU with onboard Radeon graphics for later this year. Su also said that "I do believe that you will see more and more capacity come online as we go through the next couple of quarters."
Fingers crossed. For now, however, budget PC builders are much better off going with an Intel 10th- or 11th-gen Core processor, as our guide to the best gaming CPUs advises—a stunning reversal of the norm for the past decade or so.
This story, "AMD admits to neglecting budget chips during the ongoing silicon shortage" was originally published by PCWorld.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Anyone else get this problem with Malawis ?
i've got a 300l tank with sump - but this cr@p all collects on the base and I have to clean it out pretty much every day. If I leave it, it binds to the sand and everything has to come out.
Should I get a wavemaker or powerhead or something for the bottom or use a different tank with a different filter ?
Last edit: 27 Oct 2015 21:33 by Jim (Jim Lawlor).
That's common with white sand. I changed mine for black gravel, still have some for sale if you interested look in sale section.
I had a poo problem in my tank.... added 2 powerheads to come on at alternating times and problem solved!!!!


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text:
Nashville Area
Plant where 4 died to resume production
GALLATIN (AP) — A Gallatin, Tenn., chemical plant where four workers have died in fires this year will resume partial production this week.
Officials at the Hoeganaes plant did not specify which day and said production in other areas of the facility is expected to restart over the coming weeks after reviews.
The four died in three flash fires, most recently in late May. The company employs about 180 in the manufacture of metal powder for automotive and industrial uses.
The company said in a news release Wednesday that it has made a complete safety review of the plant.
Hoeganaes, based in Cinnaminson, N.J., has blamed an electrical fault, a hydrogen leak and other factors for the fires. Independent investigators said flammable dust contributed.


Alex Tart Architects have successfully obtained planning approval and seen through to completion the complete re-planning, refurbishment, internal remodelling and extension of a property on Dunollie Rd in Camden. The project successfully responds to the client's initial brief of extending to the side and also to the rear of the property, despite the planner's initial reluctance to permit this extent of development. Planning approval was made possible by demonstrating a well-conceived, high-quality design which visually separates the extensions whilst responding to the rhythm and pattern of adjacent properties. On the ground floor, the living and dining areas have been opened up to the garden to create lighter, more welcoming social spaces. The alterations to the upper levels include the creation of a new master suite and provide improved accommodation throughout.


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I always find very interesting to get to know people from other cultures and countries so I thank you for sharing some of your thoughts. I like your blog and the way you have written and managed it. I haven't been to Belgium yet but it's definitely on my bucket list!
P.S. I'll be dreaming about those waffles.
Yes, thank you! Having this opportunity to live in Europe has definitly opened my eyes to many new cultures (and dietary habits). The waffles in Belgium are definitly something to dream about. They were unlike anything I have ever had before. Simply amazing!
As someone who is non-coeliac gluten sensitive, I couldn't have the waffles in Belgium but the chocolate and mussels (not on the same plate) were fabulous and didn't upset my system!
I really like the hunger scale that you've included in your post, and the non-dieting information as well. It's hard for most to modify diets to fit their needs, mainly because most believe that diet plans have all that is best for them, which of course isn't true. Every person is different and their nutritional needs vary, as I pointed out in my Cleanse: Day 6 post. Thanks for the like! I'm looking forward to reading more from your blog.
I definitely agree wholeheartedly with this post! The problem I have with food is that I eat too much. For some reason, I think that the food is going to sprout legs and walk away from me if I don't eat it right then and there! However, I need to remind myself that my stomach/body is more important than the food. Besides, I can always bring food home as leftovers.
When you're next in Belgium, there are definitely some local food as iconic and special to me as the classic waffles, frites, beer and chocolate, which are more savoury and meal-orientated. For example, tomato crevette – thiny brown shrimps stuffed inside a hollowed-out tomato (light in taste and good for summer); mosselen (moules, basically), sweet juicy mussels in garlicky broth; watercress soup (delicous and herbal) and even something like endive gratin, not light by any means but delicious, filling and more nutritious than other options.


Jorge Eielson often described himself as belonging to four cultures: Spanish, Italian, Swedish and Nazca. Born in Lima to a Peruvian mother and Scandinavian father, Eielson exhibited multidisciplinary artistic tendencies early on; he played the piano, wrote poetry and drew feverishly. At the end of his secondary school studies, Eielson met anthropologist and writer, José María Arguedas. Recognizing his young student's talent, Arguedas introduced him to the artistic and literary circles in Peru and exposed him to ancient Peruvian history, a subject that was largely unknown to Eielson as a result of his colonial education.


text:
Mike Stapleton: Dark And Deep (Twangri-La Records)
Mike found me, I didn't find Mike. About a year and a half ago, I got a message on Facebook from Mike about his music. I get a lot of music and it runs the gamut. Some is fantastic, but most of it really isn't my style. I try not to say "good or "bad" since it is just a matter of taste and opinion. So when I got the package from Mike with his first two CDs, my expectations weren't too high. Once I listened, I was a convert. I couldn't believe my ears. The singing, songwriting, musical composition, and overall sound was fantastic. I ended up putting Mike's first two albums on Twangri-La Radio, where they remain in full rotation.
When I was starting the record label, Mike was one of the first people to reach out and offer his support. When he told me he wanted to put an album out on Twangri-La Records, I was ecstatic. Once I heard the demos, I knew we had a winner. The songs are great and the subject matter is dealt with so eloquently.
Mike has had issues with depression and anxiety his entire life. As a fellow sufferer of such ailments, I know how debilitating it can be. Rather than retreat, Mike decided to become a musician and tell his story through his songs. It is incredibly inspirational to see someone with these obstacles not only work past them, but completely destroy them. I know Mike's main hope is that his music can comfort people and get them through some of life's tougher moments.
The first single off the album is Worst of Me and it is about ego and those times when our ego gets bruised and causes us to make decisions that we probably will regret at some point. Stapleton eloquently explores this subject and even adds a touch of humor to describe something that is by any measure very difficult to articulate. Mike doesn't have any problem. He can be our collective voice. The opening guitar riff for this song is absolutely gorgeous and seems to be right out of the alternative music playbook from 88 through 92.
There are no shortage of sad songs on Dark And Deep, but that isn't a bad. Country music and folk music is supposed to evoke emotions. On My Own evokes enough emotion for three songs. It is value packed full of emotion. You need to be ready. Once you make it to the end of the 2 minute and 53 second song, you will definitely feel better. Sometimes a good tear purging is all we need.
Things aren't always what they seem. Take the song Leather Cross, for instance. The title song has a split personality. The music is very peaceful and serene, but the words reveal a different story. This story is about a man running from his past and making leather crosses for people almost as a way to heal his soul. Mike dedicated this album to his deceased father. It is a wonderful song that reveals pain and sadness.
This isn't necessarily party music. This music is deep (hence the album title, Dark And Deep) and is not to be taken lightly. Mike's soothing voice is our tour guide through this 15 song experience. It's the voice that keeps us from completely losing it. As I have stated before, Mile has a voice that everyone can love. Once you listen, it will be difficult not to get smitten with Mike Stapleton.
Note: Twangri-La and Twangri-La Records are wholly owned subsidiaries of Twangri-La Media
on October 29, 2020 October 13, 2021 </a	by Twangri-La
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I know it's an extremely unpopular opinion, but I very much love taxes. In 2011, I worked for the IRS for a short stint during tax season. A year later, I worked at H&R Block as an editor in a temporary capacity in the Learning Department for several months. Almost exactly a year after my first day, I was rehired there in a similar position, which only lasted a couple months. I applied for these jobs very much on purpose, and only don't still do them, because I was just a temp, and they weren't going anywhere. Now, why would I like taxes? They're a pain to fill out, and "that's my hard-earned money". Well, that's true. You did earn that money, so the question is now, what are you going to do with it? Are you going to buy more guns? Cigarettes? Tiki torches? Or do you want to spend it on improvements to your community? Libertarians would say, "hell no" to the latter, and "you should be able to, if you want," to any other option. If you think spending a day or two filling out tax forms each year is a huge hassle, you are in for a real treat, if we ever get rid of them. Let's go on a hypothetical walk, and take a look around. You're on a sidewalk, next to a road. Let's say it's the evening, which means there are streetlights, lighting your way, along with traffic lights keeping cars from killing you. There's a county hospital. That's a public a school. Right across the street from that police station is a fire station. Wave hello to that postal worker, on his way to delivering your paycheck. Oh, now we're in a not so great neighborhood. These people are struggling to get by, but fortunately, the government helps them out. They provide them with a little bit extra, to make their lives easier, so they have some money left over, which they spend on goods and services, which stimulates the economy. Which helps us all. See that house with a flag in the front, still in "bad" neighborhood? A marine once lived there. Not anymore, though. She was killed in action fighting for your freedom, and is survived by her husband, and two little children. Your taxes paid for her gear, and then it paid for her memorial services. Your taxes paid for that road, sidewalk, and lights. It paid for police protection, fire safety, health care, community education, and mail. It even paid some welfare, and other assistance programs.
Some of things I've discussed you like, and some you don't. Some you use, and some you don't. But I guarantee you know at least one person who has, at some point, benefited from each of these things. An educated populace is a prosperous one, and I think it would be difficult to argue against the idea of safety and health. You may want these individual services to be paid for by the consumer on an as-needed basis. You may want everything to be privatized, so that companies compete for your business. That's what capitalism is about, so why wouldn't we use it for this? Well, because that would be hell. I don't want to have to pay a toll every time I switch from one street to the next. L.A. traffic would look like racetrack compared to how that would be. Maybe we simplify it, by adding stickers to your car that indicates which streets you've paid for, and which you haven't. Could you imagine the amount of manpower it would take to regulate this, however you set it up? A labor shortage would put this nation into just as much turmoil as unemployment has in recent history. You may hate taxes, but they are the most efficient means of distributing wealth across the whole country. I'm not saying it's a perfect system. There are so many ways we can make it better. I don't understand why I fill out any forms at all. The government should know where I work, how much money I earned, and even what I did with it. Just take what you need, send me a statement, and give me back my Aprils. I also don't always agree with what they spend my tax dollars on, but the solution to this is not to simply eliminate the concept completely. The solution is to vote for civil servants who I believe will change laws according to what's best for society. If you agree with this sentiment, then come the next two elections...#votethemout.


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Indigo, which has 43.4 per cent market share in the domestic market, has very aggressive fleet expansion plans.
Apart from the Rs 2 lakh, the BCCI ombudsman also asked them to deposit Rs 10 lakh each in the fund to promote cricket for the blind.
The collage has been shared on Facebook, Twitter and messaging plaforms alike.
On Friday, a 35-year-old former woman staffer of the Supreme Court came out with allegations of sexual harassment against the Chief Justice of India Ranjan Gogoi.
The woman has written to 22 judges of the Supreme Court on Friday about the sexual assault and the harassment that her whole family had allegedly been subjected to, when she refused the CJI's alleged advances.
The World Health Organization said that 213 people have been killed and 1,009 others injured in the fighting between the UN-backed Libyan government and the east-based Army in and around Tripoli.
Sadhvi Pragya Singh Thakur said that former Mumbai Anti-Terrorist Squad chief Hemant Karkare had treated her badly and died because of her "curse".
While many factors are responsible for male infertility including "chronic health problems and lifestyle choices", it's genetics that play a major role.
The Geneva-based European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) of the god particle fame will be bringing the largest particle accelerator in the world to India.


Watch out America, you too may run into Sysazzle's purple squirrel!
Purple Squirrel [pur-puh l skwur-uh l] adj.
A term used to describe a job candidate with precisely the right education, experience, and qualifications that perfectly fits a job's multifaceted requirements.
In theory, this prized "purple squirrel" could immediately handle all the expansive variety of responsibilities of a job description with no training and would allow businesses to function with fewer workers.
So, we are not at all about finding our clients a purple squirrel or a pink unicorn, etc., etc.
We are all about helping our clients clarify and verify their needs, set reasonable expectations in finding that consultant or employee…and then focus on the business of filling the need.


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text:
Introduction to Cognitive Radio Networks and Applications
Geetam Tomar
Ashish Bagwari
Jyotshana Kanti
Published September 28, 2016 by Chapman and Hall/CRC
324 Pages 182 B/W Illustrations
Published October 3, 2016 by Chapman and Hall/CRC
Cognitive radio is 5-G technology, comes under IEEE 802.22 WRAN (Wireless Regional Area Network) standards. It is currently experiencing rapid growth due to its potential to solve many of the problems affecting present-day wireless systems. The foremost objective of "Introduction to Cognitive Radio Networks and Applications" is to educate wireless communication generalists about cognitive radio communication networks. Written by international leading experts in the field, this book caters to the needs of researchers in the field who require a basis in the principles and the challenges of cognitive radio networks.
Introduction to Cognitive Radio Networks. Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks. Layers in Cognitive Radio Networks. Routing algorithms for Cognitive Radio Networks. Challenges in Cognitive Radio Networks. Applications of Cognitive Radio Networks.
Dr. Geetam Singh Tomar received his UG from Institute of Engineers Calcutta, PG from REC Allahabad, and PhD from RGPV Bhopal in electronics engineering and he has also completed Post-Doctoral in computer engineering from the University of Kent, Canterbury, UK. He is the director of THDC Institute of Hydropower Engineering and Technology (Government of Uttarakhand), Tehri, India and is also the director of Machine Intelligence Research Labs, Gwalior, India. Prior to this, he served in the Indian Air Force, MITS Gwalior, IIITM Gwalior, and other institutes. He also served at the University of Kent, UK, and University of West Indies, Trinidad. He is a senior member of IEEE, Fellow of IETE and IE(I), and Member of ACM, CSI, and ISTE. He received the International Plato award for academic excellence in 2009 from the International Biographical Centre (IBC), Cambridge, UK. He was listed in the 100 top academicians of the world in 2009 and 2013 and was also listed in Who's Who in the World for 2008 and 2009. He has organized more than 20 IEEE International conferences in India and other countries. He is a member of IEEE/ISO working groups. He has delivered the keynote address in many conferences abroad. He is the chief editor of 5 International Journals, has filed 1 patent, published 79 research papers in international journals, 85 papers in IEEE conferences, has written six books, and contributed five book chapters in CRC and IGI USA. He has more than 100 citations per year. He is associated with many other universities abroad as a visiting professor.
Ashish Bagwari received B. Tech. (Hons.), M. Tech. (Hons. and gold medalist), and PhD degrees in electronics and communication engineering in 2007, 2011, and 2016, respectively. He is currently head of Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, Women's Institute of Technology (WIT) Dehradun, Constituent College of Uttarakhand Technical University (State Government Technical University), Dehradun, India. He has more than 7.5 years' experience in industry, academic, and research. He received the Best WIT Faculty award in 2013 and 2015 and Best Project Guide Award in 2015. Dr. Bagwari also received the Corps of Electrical and Mechanical Engineers Prize from the Institution of Engineers, India (IEI), in December 2015 and was named in Who's Who in the World 2016 (33rd Edition). Dr. Bagwari has published more than 60 research papers in various international journals (including ISI/SCI indexed) and IEEE international conferences. His current research interests include robust spectrum-sensing techniques in cognitive radio networks. He is a member of IEEE USA, MIR Laboratories India, IETE, ACM, and IAENG. He has also been an editor, an advisor, and a reviewer of several well-known international journals published by IEEE, Taylor & Francis, Springer, Elsevier, IJCCN, ISTP, IJATER, JREEE, JCSR, and JNMS, CICN-2011, 2013, 2015, 2016, CSNT-2014, 2015, ICMWOC-2014, I4CT'2014, and ICEPIT-2014. Dr. Bagwari has filed one patent. He has written one book and a few book chapters in CRC Press publications.
Jyotshana Kanti received B. Tech. (Hons.) and M. Tech. degrees in computer science and engineering from Uttarakhand Technical University, Dehradun, India. She has published three research papers in reputed international journals (Indexings SCI/ISI indexed) and conferences, including the IEEE international conferences.
Networking Communication


My favourite recipes are super simple to make, look totally gorgeous, nourish your body and taste amazing. That's not easy I know but this mango and coconut chia pudding recipe has it all!
It's a beautiful breakfast delight that's not only stunning to look at, it's also so super healthy. It's, somewhat perplexingly, both light and filling at the same time, and I always feel full of energy after a gorgeous bowl. It's also vegan, gluten free and refined sugar free.
I love making this mango and coconut chia pudding recipe on our Cornwall yoga retreats, sprinkling the jewel like fresh berries and jaunty mint leaves over bowl after bowl. I also love the looks of surprise and intrigue on the faces of the retreat yogis who've never seen or tasted chia pudding before – it's totally different to any other breakfast out there!
Mash the banana in a large bowl. Add half the mango, chia seeds, coconut milk, date nectar and vanilla essence. Stir well to combine, cover and place in the fridge over night.
In the morning give the chia pudding a really good stir to make sure everything is well combined then split in to two bowls or jars. Top with the remaining mango, berries and dates.
Toast the coconut flakes in a dry frying pan for a few minutes until browned on the edges. Sprinkle the toasted coconut over the chia pudding before garnishing with mint leaves and a sprinkle of cinnamon.
This keeps really well for breakfast the next day so if you're making this to serve one I'd still make the full amount and save half for breakfast or a snack the following day.
If you don't have date nectar you can use honey, maple syrup or another sweeter but use less (around 2 tsp) as date nectar isn't as sweet as most other natural sweeteners.
I often use frozen mango chunks for this recipe. You can add them to your chia pudding frozen and let them slowly defrost in the mix overnight.
It's the carton drinking type kind! I think the canned milk would be a bit too rich. Thanks for checking. I hope you make and love this. Let me know what you think!


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Q: Year value error from PHP date() Given a start and end date, I need to generate an array with year and week values.
For example:
Start Date: 2013-01-01
End Date: 2013-02-23
Generated Array:
Array ( [0] => Array ( [week] => 01 [year] => 2013 )
[1] => Array ( [week] => 02 [year] => 2013 )
[2] => Array ( [week] => 03 [year] => 2013 )
[3] => Array ( [week] => 04 [year] => 2013 )
[4] => Array ( [week] => 05 [year] => 2013 )
[5] => Array ( [week] => 06 [year] => 2013 )
[6] => Array ( [week] => 07 [year] => 2013 )
[7] => Array ( [week] => 08 [year] => 2013 ) )
Here is the code I'm using to generate this:
public static function getYearWeekRange($startdate, $enddate) {
    $array = array();
    $starttime = strtotime($startdate);
    $endtime = strtotime($enddate);
    while ($starttime <= $endtime) {
        $year = date('Y', $starttime);
        $week = date('W', $starttime);
        $array[] = array('week' => $week, 'year' => $year);
        $starttime = strtotime('+1 week', $starttime);
    }
    return $array;
}

My problem is that when I generate certain date ranges, I don't get the correct year value at the start of the 2013 year. For example:
Start Date: 2012-01-01
End Date: 2013-02-23
In this case, where it should have an subarray with year = 2013 and week = 01, it actually has it's year value equal to 2012.
If I were to switch the start date to 2013-01-05 for example, then there is no problem.
Can anyone offer a solution that would guarantee that my year and week values are always correct?

A: I was able to fix my problem using the following:
public static function getWeekRange($startdate, $enddate) {
    $array = array();
    $p = new DatePeriod(
        new DateTime($startdate),
        new DateInterval('P1W'),
        new DateTime($enddate)
    );
    foreach ($p as $w) {
        $array[] = array('year' => $w->format('o'), 'week' => $w->format('W'));
    }
    return $array;
}


Following a brief delay, NASA's InSight lander broke ground on the surface of Mars last week.
On Feb. 28, the German Aerospace Center's (DLR) Heat Flow and Physical Properties Package (HP3) burrowed into Martian soil for the first time.
A self-hammering spike, known as "the mole," penetrated some 7 to 20 inches into the ground over a period of four hours.
It wasn't all smooth sailing, though.
"On its way into the depths, the mole seems to have hit a stone, tilted about 15 degrees, and pushed it aside or passed it," the project's principal investigator Tilman Spohn said in a statement.
Boasting about 1,000 hammer blows per hour, the device continued excavating, shoving even more rocks out of its way. After a cooling off period, researchers conducted a second four-hour session.
Here's to hoping there are no more unexpected road blocks: If the machine encounters a large rock before reaching at least 10 feet, the team will need a full Martian year (two Earth years) to filter out the noise.
Over the coming weeks, researchers hope to reach a target depth of 16 feet—further than any previous mission to the Red Planet.
The HP3 tool looks like an automobile jack with a vertical metal tube to hold the 16-inch-long mole.
"You can imagine the Mars mole functioning like a large nail that has a built-in hammer," Torben Wippermann, of the DLR Institute of Space Systems, explained.
It features 14 temperature sensors that measure the soil's thermal conductivity, or how easily heat moves through the subsurface.
Scientists hope this mission will help them better understand how much energy it takes to build a rocky world.


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The Olympians
Kiyoshi Tomizawa
Dreams of Carrying an Olympic Torch in Fukushima: My Quest to Honor the Legacy of Family Past
Roy at his ancestral home by the sea – Murakami, Odaka-ku, Fukushima, 20 kilometers north of Fukushima Dai Ichi Nuclear Power Plant.
日本語は英語の後に続きます。
I see myself running, carrying a torch.
I see myself, two weeks ago, running past untended rice fields in Odaka-ku, Fukushima, other rice fields covered with solar panels, piles of black bags stacked with radioactive soil, and 20-meter high barriers to protect the land from the massive power of the sea – legacies of 3.11.
Solar panels growing on rice fields near my ancestral home in Fukushima.
I see myself, 30 years ago in the hot August sun running past the Shiga Barber Shop in Odaka-machi, vast swaths of verdant rice fields, the tombstones of my ancestors on my right and the Pacific Ocean just meters away, when I first discover the land of my ancestors.
The tombstones of the Tomizawas in 1989 in Murakami, Odaka, Fukushima, being tended to Takashi Shiga, the grandson of Kiyo Tomizawa.
I see myself, 130 years ago, running past the old Tomizawa home in Murakami, Soma-gun, Seiga Tomizawa, showing a young Kiyoshi Tomizawa, my grandfather, how to ride a horse, while holding a bow and shooting an arrow true.
As thousands will carry a torch throughout Japan in the Olympic torch relay from March 26 to July 24 as a run-up to the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, I hope to carry one as well. I hope to carry a torch on the first day of the nationwide relay which starts in Naraha, Fukushima before ending the day in Minami Soma, Fukushima.
In between Naraha and Minami Soma, about 13 kilometers south of the relay's end point for the day is my ancestral home of Odaka, where I'd like to run, and carry a torch. Just as the Olympic torch is ignited in Athens Greece to symbolize the Olympic flame's connection to its ancestral roots, I want my Olympic torch to be ignited in Fukushima to symbolize the connection to my ancestral roots.
If not for my grandfather, Kiyoshi Tomizawa, the dozens of descendants of the Tomizawa's in America would not exist.
My grandfather was born into a samurai family. His grandfather had the imposing name of Tomizawa Hachirozaemon Minamoto no Takakiyo. My grandfather's father was the Soma Clan minister of religion. But after the Meiji Restoration, when the Emperor was restored as the symbolic center of power in Japan, the Meiji rulers centralized control over the domains previously ruled by the samurai daimyos.
As I understand it from my Aunt Hiroko (whom I knew as Auntie Grace), the Tomizawa's no longer had the financial stability they had enjoyed under the Tokugawa Shogunate. So in 1890, the Tomizawa patriarch at the time, Seiga Tomizawa, decided to send two of his three children off for adoption: my grandfather Kiyoshi off to the Kataoka family, and his younger sister, Kiyo, off to the Miura family. (Kiyo would go on to marry Chozo Shiga, who established the oldest barber shop in Odaka.)
Chozo and Kiyo Shiga, who opened the first barber shop in Odaka. Kiyo was my grandfather's younger sister.
According to my aunt, Kiyoshi was unhappy in the Kataoka household, and she remembered being told that, after a while, Kiyoshi was no longer living with the Kataoka's, and that his brother would leave food and clothes for Kiyoshi wherever he was staying. The records show that Kiyoshi formally returned to the Tomizawa household in 1897.
A year later, Kiyoshi enrolled at Tohoku Gakuin University in Sendai, where he met a man named Dr. John Mott, who was on a two-year world tour as a part of an organization he co-founded in 1895 called the World Student Christian Federation. Sometime during that two-year trip, Dr. Mott was in Japan and visited Tohoku Gakuin University.
Dr. Mott, who would go on to become the 1946 Nobel Peace Prize winner for his work with the YMCA, clearly inspired my grandfather. Kiyoshi decided to move to the United States, first studying English at the Seisoku English Language School in Tokyo, and then borrowing money from his uncle so he could take a long boat ride to America.
My grandparents, Kiyoshi and Fumi, in the early 1960s.
My grandfather established residence in San Francisco in 1903. After working odd jobs and building his English capability, he enrolled in Miami University of Ohio, graduating in 1912. Six years later, he became the first executive director of the Japanese YMCA in San Francisco.
With a dream to build a permanent home for the Japanese YMCA, Kiyoshi travailed through 12 years of anguish raising funds in Japan and America, during the Great Depression, to build a stand-alone and wholly owned YMCA building for Japanese in San Francisco. And Kiyoshi prevailed. The Japanese Y was finally opened on January 12, 1936. That YMCA, one of my grandfather's legacies, is now called the Buchanan YMCA, and still contributes to the J-Town community in San Francisco.
Soon after the attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, the Japanese YMCA was taken over by the American government, and the process of incarcerating over 100,000 Japanese into internment camps began. My grandfather, a Japanese is-sei thoroughly investigated by the FBI, was offered, quite fortunately, the opportunity to serve as a Japanese instructor for the Naval School of Oriental Languages in Boulder, Colorado, where such famous translators as Edward Seidensticker and Donald Keene studied during the war. My grandfather wisely took the offer and taught officers Japanese writing. The alternative was imprisonment in an internment camp for the entire family.
Class at Naval Oriental Language School_Kiyoshi Tomizawa third person standing from the left
Thanks to the work ethic of my grandparents, my father, Thomas, who attended Boulder High School, went on to get his Masters in Journalism at Northwestern University, wrote for the American military paper, the Pacific Stars and Stripes, in Tokyo from 1957-58, and eventually joined NBC News, where he was on the news team that broadcasted the 1964 Tokyo Olympics back to the US. On October 10, 1964, when I turned 1 in New York City, my father was in Tokyo helping to broadcast the opening ceremonies of the Tokyo Olympics. My father went on to become a three-time Emmy Award winning news producer with NBC.
My father, Thomas, with NBC reporter, Frank McGee, in Vietnam during filming of 1967 documentary entitled, Same Mud, Same Blood.
Fifty-five years later, I am, in some small way through my book, hoping to honor the legacy of my lineage, which goes all the way back to Fukushima in the Edo Period.
On March 26, 2020, I hope to honor that legacy again.
I see myself running, carrying a torch, across the land of my ancestors…
…for the ties that bind my homes, the United States and Japan, and
…for Japan and the resilience and values of its people.
Roy with 1964 Tokyo Olympic Torch
福島でオリンピック聖火を掲げて走るという夢:私の一族が残した遺産を讃える旅
聖火を掲げて走る私が見える。
1か月前、3.11が遺した福島県小高区の荒れた水田、ソーラーパネルで覆われた水田、放射能汚染土が詰まった黒い袋が積み上げられた水田、海の巨大な力からこの地を守る高さ20メートルの防波堤の横を走る私が見える。
30年前、8月の暑い太陽のもと、小高町の志賀理髪店、青々とした広い水田の横を走る私が見える。右手には先祖の墓が、ほんの20メートル先には太平洋が見える。この時初めて私は先祖たちがいた土地を見つけたのだ。
130年前、相馬郡村上の冨沢家の古い屋敷の横を走り抜ける私が見える。冨沢清賀が私の祖父である若き冨沢清に、馬上で弓をつがえ的に命中させる術を教えている。
3月26日から7月24日にかけて2020年東京オリンピックの聖火リレーが行われ、数千人もの人が聖火を掲げて日本の地を走ります。私もぜひこれに参加し、全国を巡るリレーの初日、福島県楢葉町からスタートし同県南相馬市までを走る初日に聖火を運びたいと思います。
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July 1, 2019 Olympics, Tokyo 1964, Tokyo 2020
The Path to the 1940 Tokyo Olympics Part 2: Inspiring Japanese Americans
The flag of the rising sun
Went up the main mast.
It is no longer a dream.
On the scoreboards for each nation
Japan's points are rising fast.
Gloriously, truly gloriously
Several Japanese flags are fluttering
Against Los Angeles' blue sky.
My body shakes with emotion.
Tears of joy well up in my eyes.
Victories extol victories.
Sayoko Ishikawa, "Hirugaeru Nisshoki," Rafu Shimpo, August 11, 1932 (a newspaper in America for Japanese)
My grandfather and grandmother, Kiyoshi and Fumi Tomizawa
My grandfather was 53 when the Olympic Games came to Los Angeles in 1932. He was an Issei, a Japanese who emigrated to the United States in 1903. After graduating from Miami University of Ohio in 1908, he went on to become the director of the Japanese YMCA in San Francisco.
He was proud of living in America and contributing to his community through his service in the YMCA, but it was not easy for Japanese at that time. The passage of the Immigration Act of 1924 put a ban on immigration to America for essentially one race – the Japanese. This dispelled hope for many Japanese issei, like my grandfather, of ever becoming accepted by the rest of American society, let alone gaining citizenship. But my grandfather never gave up hope, and during the Great Depression, he helped raise funds to establish a building that would become the home of the Japanese YMCA in 1936. (The Buchanan YMCA still stands today.)
During the difficult times in his quest to develop the YMCA building, I am sure he was lifted by the 1932 Olympics in Los Angeles. After all, the Japanese team exploded for 18 medals, including 7 gold. The Japanese were particularly strong in swimming events, as swimmers took two thirds of all medals for Japan. In one instance, Japan swept the podium, going 1,2,3 in the men's 100-meter backstroke.
An AP article from August 13, 1932 proclaimed the following: "With the swimming championship beckoning to the sturdy sons of Nippon, Japan stood on the brink of its first Olympic team title today in the finals of the international aquatic carnival."
No doubt Japanese communities all across America were following the exploits of the Japanese team in Los Angeles with tremendous pride. Julie Checkoway, author of the brilliant book, The Three-Year Swim Club: The Untold Story of Maui's Sugar Ditch Kids and Their Quest for Olympic Glory, stated that the achievements of the Japanese at the 1932 Olympics not only transfixed the Japanese in America, they transformed them.
Both Issei and Nisei in California had spent more than $100,000 on tickets to watch events, and again and again they saw the Japanese flag rise over the stadium, an image filled with symbolism. The Japanese sports commentators had even ventured to say that the sporting world of the West was now firmly at the feet of the Empire. After years of being second-class citizens, experiencing prejudice, alienation and racism, those of Japanese ancestry in California and across the US were buoyed with pride. Suddenly, too, other Americans had a new vision of Japan as both friendly and competent, and it seemed as though the tide might turn on the Mainland and a wave of acceptance might come. Famously, one Nisei in Los Angeles told the story that since the Games, white men no longer literally stoned him in the street, and he could look, he said, into his reflection in a shop window and feel, for the first time, respect even for himself.
Checkoway's book was a biography of swim coach Soichi Sakamoto, who would go on to become one of America's most successful and revolutionary swim coaches. Sakamato was an elementary school teacher in Hawaii, who in 1932 did not know how to swim. In his time away from teaching he oversaw the safety of children playing in plantation irrigation ditches. He looked at their joyful faces, many of them of Japanese descent like himself, and began to have a thought. Maybe these kids had the talent too.
Riding the excitement and pride of a new bar set by the Japanese team in LA, Sakamoto allowed a dream to take form in his heart. As Checkoway wrote, "Soichi Sakamoto had no good reason to do it, not right to, no knowledge of how to, but he called out to the children, nonetheless, 'How 'bout I teach you something about swimming, eh?'"
For Japanese in Japan and in the United States, the 1932 Los Angeles Games were a revelation and inspiration. I'm sure my grandfather took heart. The mayor of Tokyo certainly did. He had an idea – how about bringing the Olympics to Tokyo.
October 27, 2016 Economics, Geo-politics, Japan, Other Olympics, Swimming
Advanced Referrals for the Book "1964: The Greatest Year in the History of Japan"
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Home » BLOG ARCHIVES » Should Marketing Campaigns Target Households or Individuals?
The household is often the central focus of ad targeting efforts for companies selling items shared by family members or products and services centered around life events. But as one-to-one audience targeting becomes more common, marketers find themselves with that household data in one bucket, and individual device data in another.
Ad targeting, and specifically more advanced forms such as cross-device targeting, is top of mind for marketers. The Interactive Advertising Bureau (IAB) and Winterberry Group found the greatest portion of US senior marketing professionals surveyed between December 2017 and January 2018 cited cross-device audience recognition as the marketing topic that will command most of their attention this year.
Marketers are turning to identity management firms and data onboarders to either identify or combine the necessary data sets for ad targeting. A marketer might take known customer information such as phone numbers and household addresses and look to match these to email addresses to power a more individual-level ad targeting approach. But the reverse is also true: A marketer may look to take individual-level identifiers and match them to households, so as to capitalize on direct mail or other household-level targeting initiatives.
For the majority of marketers, however, a blend of both is increasingly required to tie together the holistic customer view—across both addressable and nonaddressable media.
Chobani is one such firm continually looking to balance individual- and household-level targeting throughout their campaign efforts. The marketing team looks at basic demographic overlays, such as a mother living in suburban Chicago. From there, Chobani may also use a variety of first-, second- or third-party data sources to further develop and segment audiences. Once those segments are identified, Chobani weighs the feasibility of targeting those audiences at the individual- vs. household-level against the capabilities of the desired targeting channels.


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Following NICE 2008: a practical guide for health professionals on community engagement with local black and minority ethnic (BME) community groups
Pauline Lane PhD BA (Hons) RMNH NNEB1*, Rachel Tribe BSc (Hons) MSc MBA PhD C Psychol AFBPsS FRSA2
Regional Programme Manager for the Joint Improvement Partnership for the East of England, North Essex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Essex, UK
School of Psychology, University of East London, London, UK
*Corresponding Author:
Professor Rachel Tribe
School of Psychology, University of East London
Water Lane, London E154NO, UK.
Received: 2 January 2010
Community participation and engagement are now meant to be at the heart of health and social care services. In 2008, the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) developed guidelines entitled Community Engagement to Improve Health (National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, 2008). However, although these guidelines do recognise that many black and minority ethnic (BME) communities often have specific needs, they do not offer detailed advice on how to consult with these diverse communities. Therefore, while health organisations and providers are increasingly recognising the value of community engagement, health practitioners often lack experience of this process and may not know how to start or progress it. This practical guide to community consultations with BME groups builds on the NICE 2008 guidelines on how to conduct community engagement. The recommendations have evolved as part of aniterative and critical learning process through the authors' experiences of consulting with a range of BME community groups over many years. Although this guide is certainly not definitive, it is hoped that it will encourage the development of positive practice to ensure that the voices of BME community members and other under-represented communities are heard and integrated into the development, planning and delivery of health services, to help to create more inclusive and person-centred services.
What is known on this subject
• Community engagement is expected to play an increasingly important role in service development in health and social care services.
• Community consultation and engagement are often not undertaken adequately.
• The concept of community affiliation is fluid and may be self-defined, as people are members of multiple different communities.
What this paper adds
• It provides a practical guide for health professionals on community engagement with under-represented communities, and builds upon the NICE 2008 guidelines on community engagement.
• It offers a four-stage process model of community consultation and engagement.
• It encourages the representation of marginalised communities in the planning and provision of health and social care services.
BME elders, community participation, engagement, NICE guidelines, practice
Introduction: NICE and community engagement
With the rise of the personalisation agenda and the growth of new community consultation processes, such as Local Involvement Networks (LINks) and the Joint Strategic Needs Assessment (JSNA), there is now a growing movement towards offering local communities an opportunity to say how they want their local health and social care services to be planned and delivered. Effective community consultations must give diverse and marginalised communities the opportunity to have their voices heard and also to have their expertise recognised and supported. The role of community engagement in the development of services has been recognised by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, which has developed guidelines on community engagement with the aim of 'supporting those working with and involving communities in decisions on health improvement that affect them.' Within these guidelines, NICE defines community engagement as 'the process of getting communities involved in decisions that affect them. This includes the planning, development and management of services, as well as activities which aim to improve health or reduce health inequalities' (Popay, 2006; National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, 2008). However, there are some difficulties with this definition, because NICE (2008) has identified community engagement and community development as two complementary but different terms, suggesting that 'lack of detailed evidence meant it was not possible to make recommendations which distinguish between them.' Therefore, for the purpose of the NICE guidelines, the umbrella term community engagement was used, and this term will also be used in this article.
The NICE guidance emphasises the 'importance of identifying and taking into account the needs of those who are under-represented and/or at increased risk of poor health'when implementing the recommendations. This may include people from black and minority ethnic communities, people of a certain age, those with HIV or a disability and those living in rural communities' (National Institute for Health andClinical Excellence, 2008, p. 12). Although there may be many shared experiences within many under-represented communities in relation to health, and although much of what is stated in this paper could be applied more widely, there are specific issues with regard to theBME community. For example, the role of genetics in specific areas of health (e.g. sickle-cell disorders) and related community engagement programmes have established an impressive history. An example of this is a study by Atkin et al (2008), which examined the complexity and interplay between an individual's cultural and religious identity within a context of a range of individual, family and social relationships. It is important to remember that genetic arguments have also been used as a reactionary or reductionist force within health (e.g. in relation to debates over IQ tests).
However, the NICE guidelines do not offer any additional information on how to consult with BME communities, hence the need for some practical guidance on this issue. This paper examines the concept of community engagement, and then proposes a fourstep guide for community engagement with BME communities.
Theoretical considerations
Underlying the concept of community engagement are several theoretical assumptions. Primarily, the approach centres on the discourse of defining a community. Debates concerning community engagement, democratic processes and community research methodologies have developed. Although the authors do not intend to examine these debates in detail, it may be useful to be aware of some of the interwoven theoretical assumptions that underpin the concept of community engagement.
Defining community
The origins of community engagement in health can be traced back to theWorld HealthOrganization (1978), in which context it has a long tradition within the development field linked to anti-poverty programmes, development and community capacity building.Within the health field, community engagement is seen as pivotal to service development and delivery, and it is now embedded within a range of policy documents (Rifkin et al, 2000; Wallerstein, 2006), as well as in activities that aim to reduce health inequalities (Popay, 2006). Although research suggests that some form of group or community life in itself has a positive impact on individual well-being (Portes, 1998), the definitions of a community vary widely. NICE has defined community as follows:
A community is defined as a group of people who have common characteristics. Communities can be defined by location, race, ethnicity, age, occupation, a shared interest (such as using the same service) or affinity (such as religion and faith) or other common bonds. A community can also be defined as a group of individuals living within the same geographical location (such as a hostel, a street, a ward, town or region).
(National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, 2008, p. 38)
However, the very concept of inclusion and who belongs to a community implicitly suggests that some individuals are excluded. Sometimes people choose their community affiliations, and sometimes these are imposed upon them (Kretzmann and McKnight, 1993). People may choose to become a member of a community, or be ascribed membership by virtue of a social definition such as age, gender, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, employment, citizenship status or social class. As a result, individuals often belong to multiple communities at the same time. It is worth noting that BME communities, like all community groups, may manifest themselves and change in different ways. Indeed, change of membership may be a feature of the community coming together (e.g. a group learning English, a group supporting asylum seekers who hope to become refugees). It is also worth noting that established communities and emergent communities often have different needs, and this may influence approaches to community engagement. In addition, community groups do not exist in a vacuum, but are subject to internal and external forces resulting in community groups continually evolving and sometimes ending.
Community engagement and democratic processes
There is a growing body of literature relating to democracy andcommunity engagement (e.g. Institute for Public Policy Research, 2004). Some writers have suggested that community engagement can be viewed as a form of pseudo-democracy, where community consultations are seen to offer a remedy for a democratic deficit that exists in representative democracy (see, for example, Harrison and McDonald, 2008). This argument may be particularly pertinent in relation to BME communities, who rarely find their community members represented among the higher echelons of government. Another argument suggests that community participation can be seen as an end in itself, acting as a mechanism for building social cohesion and offering an antidote to social fragmentation (Gyford, 1991).
The final strand of literature that relates tocommunity engagement is that of qualitative research methods. From early anthropology to modern urban research, qualitative methods have long been used to engage with and understand the beliefs and practices of community members (Charmaz, 2001). Therefore, the use of these methods in community consultations has a long tradition and a rich research literature. In health research, health professionals have traditionally led the consultation (Oakley and Marsden, 1984). A more democratic style, in which communities can also call consultations, where both parties consult and their concerns are listened to, would seem to be vital if we are toensurethat servicesareappropriateandresponsive to the needs of all communities. Certainly the issue of apparent power differentials needs to be addressed openly to ensure a meaningful and valid interaction, rather than a pseudo-consultation (Chamberlin, 2005; Szczepura, 2005). A community empowerment or action research approach is increasingly used to enable individuals and groups to take greater control over issues that affect their health (Williams and Labonte, 2003). Action research requires engagement with people in collaborative relationships, and draws on different ways of inquiring. In practice, it involves communities in planning and developing their own research (Winter and Munn-Giddings, 2001). This approach has great potential for generating new knowledge, and the process can in itself lead to new practices (Daniel, 2000, 2001; Gustavsen et al, 2008). The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (2008) guidelines on community engagement suggest that simply consulting with communities may have only a marginal effect on people's health, although such activities may have an impact on the appropriateness, accessibility and uptake of services, as well as improving people's understanding and use of health information. Helping communities to work as equal partners may lead to more positive health outcomes and improve other aspects of people's lives. The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (2008) also suggests that this approach can give community members an increased sense of control over decisions that affect their lives, and help to build more trust in government bodies by improving accountability and democratic citizenship.
Consulting with BME communities
Community engagement with BME community groups has become increasingly important, especially in the field of mental health, where services have often failed BME communities in the past (Department of Health, 2005; Thornicroft and Tansella, 2005). There is a substantial body of research literature which suggests that, by consulting with local BME community organisations, health professionals can start to understand the needs of different communities and begin to work towards making mental health services more inclusive and culturally appropriate (see, for example, Crawford et al, 2003;Chamberlin, 2005;McCrone et al, 2005; Szczepura, 2005; Duffy et al, 2008; Fernando, 2010).
BME community groups can often speak for their communities as well as about them, and represent a huge pool of expertise that can make a significant contribution to service development and provision (Townend and Braithwaite, 2002; Fernando, 2010). However, although the value of community groups should not be underestimated, it is important not to assume that BME individuals represent the views of everyone in their community. Every community is heterogeneous, incorporating awide range of cultures, religions and individual views. Community leadersmay be asked to speak for the whole community, but this may not be appropriate. For example, many older Bangladeshi women may not speak English. Their experience of accessing health services may be very different from that of older Bangladeshi men who do speak English. It is important that community engagement does not build on the inequalities that are likely to existwithin any community.Thesemay include, but are not restricted to, issues of sexism, racism, ageism, class or education, and politics, among other factors. Anyone who is considering any kind of community consultation needs to decide how they will manage these factors in advance of any community engagement, and to plan how they can engage with all sectors of the community in a meaningful way.
The importance of community engagement is being increasingly recognised in a range of health and social care domains. These include the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), whose commissioning process clearly emphasises the importance of engagement with service users, while the Research for Patient Benefit stream within the UK NHS Service Delivery and Organisation (SDO) programme specifies the gains to be made from incorporating input from users of theNHSinto the research process. Although this is a laudable aim, it is not entirely clear howit, in common with many community consultations, will circumvent the danger of inadvertently building on current inequalities, as the more articulate, confident and powerful members of anycommunity are most likely to respond to such a request.
Community groups can also act as a conduit to statutory services. Many BME community organisations act as a bridge or pathway into statutory services, with staff or leaders acting as cultural brokers for both community members and health professionals. For example, one of the community leaders in a Somali community group in Sheffield was trying to support a family whose son was experiencing serious mental health problems. The family was reluctant to use Western medicine, but the community leader was able to explain to them the potential value of medication by relating it to the family's health belief system about Jins or spirits.
Finally, BME community groups may be service providers, particularly with the inception of personalisation and individual budgets. For example, many BME community groups provide extensive informal and formal mental health support through, for example, sharedmeals, spiritual and practical advice, networking and social events that help to promote mental health and well-being. Unfortunately, although many BME community groups provide essential services for their community members, their work frequently goes unrecognised and is often under-funded (see, for example, Beyond We Care Too, a report by the National Black Carers and Carers Workers Network, which can be found at www.afiya-trust-org.uk).
A four-step practical guide to community engagement with BME community groups
This practical guide to community engagement with BME communities supports the NICE 2008 guidelines, but it also aims to add value by helping practitioners to consider some of the more subtle aspects of working with BME community groups that will result in more positive outcomes for marginalised communities.
The recommendations in this BME practical guide have evolved through the authors' experiences of community engagement and an iterative and critical learning process over many years. Between them the authors have over 30 years' experience of engaging withBMEcommunity groups, and although they have different disciplinary backgrounds (one author is a psychologist and the other is a sociologist), their shared experiences of working with BME communities, both nationally and internationally, have enabled them to identify a common approach that is now offered as a guide. This work has been informed by the underlying principles of the participatory learning and action (PLA) approach to community consultations (Pain and Francis, 2003; Reason and Bradbury, 2008). This approach uses methods that range from visualisation to interviewing and group work. The common theme is the promotion of interactive learning, shared knowledge, and flexible yet structured analysis. When it is done well, those from outside the community come as learners, conveners, catalysts and facilitators of the community's definition of needs. They then help the community to design a plan of action to meet those needs. Various approaches are used to assist communities in telling their own stories, including techniques such as the mapping of the community area and facilities, focus groups, semi-structured interviews, drawing, drama, diagrams and pictures, time line matrices, and ranking of variables, as well as direct observation. The time frame for carrying out these activities varies, but the process is most commonly completed within one to three weeks. The case study in Box 1 provides a worked example of the four-step model presented here.
Step 1: Making sure that everyone is ready for this
The NICE 2008 guidelines identify an important first step. Both the community and the departments and organisations need to be prepared for community engagement. If they are not, then whatever takes place may become merely a paper exercise, and will not result in change. The engagement must be tailored to the community, not the other way round. It is important to address any constraints facing members of the community who want to be involved (for further details, see www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/pdf/PH009 Guidance.pdf).
Be sensitive to different health beliefs and practices
Health beliefs, practices and behaviours are influenced directly by elements of our own culture (Spector, 1985; Braithwaite et al, 1994). We need to be sensitive to our own cultural beliefs, as well as to the beliefs of others, in trying where possible to understand and work in ways that are consistent with a community's cultural framework (Airhihenbuwa, 1995). Therefore, before starting a community engagement, it is often helpful to develop some understanding of the community's landscapes of ideas and beliefs, as well as its explanatory health beliefs and systems of healing (Kleinman, 1988; Weiss, 1997: Bhui and Bhugra, 2002). This can be done by spending time with the community, through research and by asking questions.
Be clear about what the community engagement is about and with whom it is to take place
Although on one level identifying a community sounds simple enough, as we have suggested above, the very concept of community is often open to interpretation. Time needs to be spent in building relationships with community groups and understanding and acknowledging cultural and linguistic diversity within and across communities (Lai, 2008). It is also important to be sensitive to the complex social and political histories of different communities, as well as the huge linguistic, cultural and spiritual variations within and across communities.
Before any new work begins, it is important to make a thorough search to find out whether relevant questions have recently been asked of the community, in order to avoid wasting people's time and asking unnecessary questions. There should be clear statements setting out the aims of the community engagement, why it is being carried out, how the results will be used, and the potential benefits to the community identified. If the latter are uncertain, this needs to be clearly explained.
Be clear about the method that you are using
It is important to identify the framework to be used, who will do the work and approximately how long it will take. Participatory methods may require extra resources. For example, an action research approach in which community members are co-researchers may require more time and funds for capacity building and training than a more traditional grounded theory approach in which the health professional conducts and analyses the investigation.
Ethical approval is not often discussed when developing community engagement, but the same rules should apply as when conducting any other research or consultation. It is important to adhere to the ethical guidelines of relevant professional bodies. The concept of informed consent may require detailed consideration to ensure that everyone understands what this means, what they will be expected to do and what will happen to the information that they provide. Adequate time should be set aside for discussing ideas about consent, what this means for community members and how best to formally record individual agreements to participate. Ensure that any information is available in appropriate languages and in a range of formats (e.g. large print). Obviously not all BME members will belong to a community organisation, so it may be necessary to make information available in a wide range of settings (e.g. GPs' surgeries, public libraries, faith centres) and to make announcements on the local language or community radio station.
Depending on the nature of the community engagement, there may be additional ethical issues that require attention before work begins (e.g. how material is to be used, whether it should be anonymised, and who will have access to it). There may also be concerns about how to deal with problems that may arise, such as abuse or neglect, and inwhat way help may be given.
Contacting local communities
A positive way to start community engagement is to find a leader or champion in a local BME group. Care is necessary here, as community leaders may or may not represent the views of all of their members. Some community members (e.g. some elders, people living with disability, people who are illiterate, gay and lesbian members, some women, and younger people) may be excluded from having a voice in a particular community group. Therefore it is important to identify the most relevant groups for the engagement. This challenge can be overcome by spending a substantial amount of time with thecommunity prior to starting a formal engagement. This allows time to build relationships and to understand some of the complexity and diversity of the community that will facilitate tailoring of the engagement appropriately and with a range of community members. This is important for ensuring that activities are presented in culturally acceptable ways. For example, in many communities women will not discuss health issues in front of men, discussing mental health openly may not be appropriate, and older Bangladeshi men may not want to talk to a younger woman.
Timing and commitment
It is important to conduct community engagement at the appropriate stage in time of any processes or service development, so that the engagement is meaningful and can have a real impact on decision making and service delivery. This means clarifying whether a short-term consultation or an ongoing commitment is required. Therefore it is important to see how community engagements fit into wider policy or practice processes, rather than just adding them as an afterthought. Tokenistic engagement will not improve community trust in health and social care services (see Box 2).
Booking an interpreter
Interpreters can make the difference between a successful community engagement and an unsuccessful one (see Box 3). Interpreters from within the community can often be helpful because they are known, which may help to build trust. However, this can also be a disadvantage ifcommunity members wish to keep certain information private and do not trust a community interpreter to maintain confidentiality. Decisions about who should interpret will need to be negotiated with the community group. Further details on working with interpreters and mental health have been provided by Tribe and Raval (2003).
In most cultures, the sharing of food is important, and may even encourage people to attend an event. It can offer a more relaxing space in which to discuss issues and socialise. Catering arrangements can be negotiated with the community so long as any arrangements for payment have been clarified beforehand.
Step 2: The consultation
Participants will need to know beforehand what will be required of them and how long each community engagement event will last. Disability access and facilities for those who require a hearing loop will need to be arranged. Gender issues and seating arrangements should also be addressed (see Box 4).
How frequently consultation events are held will depend on the topic, the time and people available, and the approach used. Whenever possible, it is better to increase the number of one-to-one sessions with participants rather than deal only with groups, in order to obtain the views of the wider community. This also prevents domination of the outcome by particular individuals with strong opinions.
Step 3: From talking to action
Reports should acknowledge the full range of views expressed during discussion, and draw attention to areas of agreement and disagreement. Community engagement is not simply a public relations exercise, in that some form of action or response should ensue. Thus agencies and organisations must be prepared to respond, and can only do so if they have been involved before the start of the community engagement and are not simply asked to comment at the end of the process. If a community group is being invited to participate in service development or delivery, they should be offered the opportunity to build on their capacity to deliver (e.g. by offering access to training or practice learning opportunities with partnership organisations). Whatever the outcome, it is important that action is seen to take place following community engagement, although the type of action will depend on the reason for the consultation.
Step 4: Feedback and follow-up
The community and participants need to hear about the results of the community engagement quickly, not years later. Ideally, they should be involved in any decisions that are made and the impact of the community engagement on those decisions. The source of the feedback will depend on the extent to which the community has been involved in the design, consultation and collection of materials, or whether the engagement was led by someone external to the group, such as a health professional. Appropriate languages and culturally acceptable formats should be used.
Depending on the nature of the community engagement, it may be useful to develop continuation sessions, as these provide the community with a space in which to voice opinions, as well as offering an opportunity for reflection and for celebration of achievements. If the community feels that it is appropriate, it might be a good idea to invite the local newspaper to the final session, as this helps to promote the contribution of community members
If the community engagement is not ongoing, it is important to acknowledge the contribution of the community in any final policy or service development documentation. It is essential to think about ways in which the community consultation can add to wider policies on inclusion and equal opportunities. It is also appropriate to undertake an evaluation process with the participants, reviewing the different stages of their participation and asking for any feedback or ideas to improve the process.
Community engagement is extremely important if health and social care services are to be appropriate and accessible to all members of the community. The NICE guidelines, set out in Community Engagement to Improve Health (National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, 2008), have described the importance of this in detail, along with other policy documents, including Shifting the Balance of Power (Department of Health, 2002). In addition, it is important to ensure that existing inequalities within communities are considered, and not ignored or replicated in any community engagement, so that the voices of marginalised subgroups are also heard.
This paper has offered a four-step process model for health professionals to use when undertaking community engagements. The authors hope that increasing consultations and dialogue between health or social care providers and BME and other under–represented communities will help to ensure that these groups play a larger role in the development and delivery of health and social care services. They also hope that these consultations will increasingly be initiated by the communities themselves, and that they will meet with a receptive response from health and social care providers. This would go some way towards ensuring that an equal two-way dialogue is established, thereby ensuring that issues of diversity are considered and integrated into service provision as a matter of course.
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Probably this is my last proper post before I get hit by bunch of examinations coming next week. Though it's always been such a perfect opportunity to wear all black culty outfit I just made this one real special since Halloween is approaching so is my birthday *cough it's 23rd of October in case any one of you want to *cough celebrate it. The famous Victorian & Albert museum held this superb fashion event featuring few free designer talk. I happen to stroll around and the schedule says that Henry Holland is giving a free lecture at 3:40 pm. Although it was just a short brief talk, still he's a really cool laid-back kind of guy I adore him more! he turn a £400 start up money into thousand and hundred pound by all determination that he has. Such a role model! it makes me realize on the importance of so called 'investment', probably I should save up some of my income instead of spending impulsively.
I know that black on black is such a bore, my first attempt to try my brand new leather trousers was a fail since it looked ridiculously plain on me (perhaps I compare it to my other bizarre outfit). I got distracted by pattern play and try to combined spotted cow print with checkered skirt that I wore repeatedly without any regret. I don't really know weather I nailed it perfectly but as long I have this grumpy face attached with me I certainly do love my mixology skill.
This entry was posted on Saturday, 19 October 2013. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0. You can Comment.
I think you mixed these prints very well as you always do. I wish you luck on your exams and Happy (early) Birthday!
youre the best when it comes to mixing things!! loving the layering ;) good luck with your exams!
ciee 2 hari lg nih ultah uhuk2 hahaha. ucuul bgt deh black & white tp gak boring at all! NAAAISSSS!
Aduh, segan nih jadinya sama mbak master of Mixology mhihii. Keren bgt! Semua keliatan "tumpah" but in a such beautiful way! The last picture of you and Suzanne is oh-so-gossip-girl, haha lucu lucuu.
I love that cow pattern shirt!!! Love your style.. Nice to meet you..
i rlly wish i can do layering like that D: tapi bakal super gerah *sigh wuhuu anyways love your cropped baseball jacket!
Love the mix... you outdone yourself!
All the different patterns complete this outfit! Love it.
and also this outfit is pretty amazing!


text:
Library & Archives ›
Library & Archives News
Czechoslovak Legion Photo Album Acquired By Hoover
The Radola Gajda album
Soldiers of the Twenty-First Czechoslovak Rifle with their regimental colors, France, 1918
Hoover Archives has acquired a rare album of photographs of the Czechoslovak Legion in France: volunteer units composed predominantly of émigré Czechs, as well as some Slovaks, fighting on the side of the Entente powers during World War I. The unbound album with thirty-eight photos belonged to a soldier of the first autonomous Czech army unit created in France, the Twenty-First Czechoslovak Rifle Regiment.
The volunteers' goal was to win the Allies' support for Bohemia and Moravia's independence from the Austrian Empire and of Slovak territories from the Kingdom of Hungary, then all part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Those territories would then be united into a new Czecho-Slovak state. Beginning with one company of the Second Infantry Regiment of the Foreign Legion, the Czech-Slovak unit expanded into an autonomous force and, with the help of émigré intellectuals and politicians such as Tomáš Masaryk, Milan Štefánik, and Edvard Beneš, grew into a brigade made up mostly of former Austro-Hungarian prisoners of war of Czech and Slovak nationalities. When the brigade returned home to newly independent Czechoslovakia in the fall of 1918, it was made up of nearly ten thousand soldiers. Six hundred and fifty Czech and Slovak soldiers died in France, fighting the Germans during World War I.
The Czechoslovak Legion played a significant role in Russia during the last year of the war and the Bolshevik revolution; a force of some sixty thousand, made up mostly of Czech former Austro-Hungarian prisoners of war controlled most of the Trans-Siberian Railway. The Legion was evacuated via Vladivostok during the winter of 1919-20. The Hoover Archives already is home to an opulently bound photo album that belonged to one of the most distinguished commanders of the Legion in Russia, "the Siberian Tiger," General Radola Gajda; it contains more than two hundred photos chronicling the exploits of the Czechoslovak Legion in Siberia. The album from the Legion in France complements the visual documentation of the Czech and Slovak military effort already in the Archives.
siekierski [at] stanford.edu (Maciej Siekierski)


For most of my adult life, I've been a strong supporter of the death penalty. I believed that there were certain actions so heinous, like the murdering of another person, that those who commit such actions did not deserve to be a member of the human race, PERIOD.
Then, a couple years ago, I opened my beliefs about capital punishment up to examination.