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Psychology > Developmental Psychology > Developmental Psychology Research Methods
Developmental Psychology Research Methods
The topic of research methods in developmental psychology encompasses an array of methodological and statistical issues that arise when attempting to study development. or change in behavior as a function of time. To organize ideas about research methods. it is useful to distinguish among three domains—the design of developmental research. measurement issues that are of particular relevance in developmental work, and the statistical models and methods that characterize research efforts in the field.
Developmental Research Designs
The topic of developmental research designs has been broached many times during the past 75 years. As Wohlwill (1973) argued, the most basic aim of developmental science is to study change in behavior (B) as a function of time {T), or B = J(T). Hence, developmental research designs should promote the modeling of change in behavior across time. Time can, however, be measured in many ways (Schroots & Birren, 1990), and different ways of indexing time have important implications for representing and understanding behavioral change. Because researchers are typically interested in the ontogenetic development of behaviors, the most common index of time is chronological age, or time since birth. Under this approach, the goal of developmental psychology is the determination of the relationship between a behavior of interest and the chronological age of participants, often symbolized as B = f A), reflecting the assumption that behavior (B) is a specifiable function of age (A). But, Schroots and Birren offered many other indicators of psychological age or time that are related to chronological age but that may govern, or at least better track, developmental change, so chronological age should be considered only an approximation of the optimal time dimension along which behavioral development should be charted.
One option that must be faced when designing a developmental study is whether the same individuals or different individuals will be measured at the multiple ages. Most researchers recognize the benefits of assessing the same individuals at the several times of measurement, as this allows the direct determination of age changes. or the age-related change in a given behavior by each individual (Baltes & Nesselroade. 1979). Of course, this approach can slow the progress of research if the aim of the investigation is to portray behavioral change across a considerable age span. To tackle this issue, Bell (1953) presented a method of approximating long-term age changes by means of shorter term study of several samples. This could be accomplished by assessing multiple groups of subjects belonging to different birth cohorts across more restricted age spans and then organizing the partially overlapping trends as a function of chronological age. This notion was formalized by Schaie (1965) as a general developmental model that recognized the potential influences on behavior of the chronological age (A) and birth cohort (C) of the individual as well as the historical moment or period (P) at which measurements are taken. The resulting conception was organized around the potential effects on behavior of age, period, and cohort, signified as B = fiA. P. C), and the interpretation of these effects on behavior, as will be discussed below.
Clear distinctions among three simple developmental designs are possible, based on considerations of age, period, and cohort effects. The most commonly used simple developmental design is the cross-sectional design, in which all measurements are obtained at a single time or period of measurement. Two or more samples of participants who differ in chronological age are obtained, and empirical results are arrayed as a function of the chronological age of the samples of participants. But, year of birth, or birth cohort, is perfectly correlated with, and therefore perfectly confounded with, chronological age in a cross-sectional design, so cohort effects are viable alternative explanations for any age-related trends in data.
Furthermore, because the performance of different samples is compared, cross-sectional designs can provide, at best, information on age-related differences, or age differences, as opposed to assessing directly changes with age. Several assumptions must be met in order to have confidence that age differences from a cross-sectional design represent trends that would likely result from individuals changing or developing across the age span of the study. Chief among these is the assumption that comparable sampling of participants was conducted for each of the samples. Even unintended differences in sampling may distort trends, yielding mean aging trends that no individual person would exhibit. For example, consider drawing random samples of students in school in grades 6, 8, 10, and 12. Students who drop out of school tend to perform at lower levels on many variables (for example, school achievement) than do students who remain in school through the completion of high school. Thus, a random sample of sixth graders would likely be more representative of all 11-year-olds than would a random sample of twelfth graders selected to be representative of all 17-year-olds, given the progressive dropout of students during junior and senior high schools.
Even if one could verify equal representativeness of sampling at each age level, a cross-sectional design cannot yield information about the stability of individual differences from age to age, because different individuals are assessed at each time of measurement. Given the importance of understanding both the general developmental trend for any behavior of interest as well as individual differences around this trend, the inability to study individual differences in change is an important shortcoming of the cross-sectional design.
A second common design is the longitudinal design, in which all measurements are obtained from a single sample of participants, persons who are usually of a single birth cohort. This single sample is then observed at two or more times of measurement. Results from longitudinal studies are often arrayed as a function of the chronological age of the sample at the several times of measurement. But, historical time or period is perfectly correlated with, and hence completely confounded with, chronological age of participants at the different times of measurement, so historical period effects are alternative explanations of any purported age-related trends in data.
The longitudinal design has one major advantage over the cross-sectional design: the longitudinal design allows the researcher to study age changes, as changes in behavior by individuals are assessed directly by tracking the same subjects at two or more ages. This allows the modeling of individual differences about the developmental trend in addition to charting the mean developmental trend. Unfortunately, the typical longitudinal design also must confront at least two important methodological problems. The first of these involves retesting effects. Simply testing subjects a second time on a particular test often leads to some change in scores. In most longitudinal studies, participants are assessed at three or more times of measurement, increasing the likelihood that retesting will confound results of age changes. For example, Nesselroade and Baltes (1974) presented evidence that retesting effects explained approximately one half of the mean age changes on several dimensions of mental ability. The second problem concerns sample representativeness and the presence of the differential dropout of participants across time. Often, participants willing to commit to participation in a longitudinal design are not representative of the population at large, and later dropping out of a longitudinal study is usually nonrandom. Both of these problems limit the generalizations that may be made from longitudinal studies.
The time-lag design is a third simple developmental design, although it is rarely used. In the time-lag design, measurements are obtained from participants all of whom are the same age, but who are tested at different points in historical time. That is, one could study 10-year-olds in 2010, 2020, and so on. In a time-lag design, cohort and period are perfectly confounded. Further, because age is held constant, the time-lag design is most useful for tracking secular trends. Because developmental psychology has a primary goal of studying age-related trends and because age is held constant in this design, the time-lag design has less direct relevance for the field than do the other two simple designs, but timely applications of the time-lag design should not be overlooked.
Returning to the general developmental model proposed by Schaie (1965), three more complex developmental designs are possible within this framework. These are (a) the cohort-sequential design, obtained by the factorial crossing of cohort and age; (b) the time-sequential design, arising from the factorial crossing of period (or time of measurement) and age; and the cross-sequential design, defined by the factorial crossing of cohort and period (or time). Although Schaie initially contended that the effects of age, cohort, and period could be identified separately, subsequent commentators (for example, Mason & Fienberg. 1985) have concluded that the influences of age, cohort, and period cannot be disentangled in a simple mathematical way. The lack of separate identification of these effects is portended by the dependence among age, period, and cohort in any of the three designs discussed by Schaie. For example, consider the cohort-sequential design, in which cohort and age are crossed factorially. In this design, the time of measurement (or period) is fixed by the need to assess a given cohort at a particular chronological age (for example. children born in 2000 and assessed at 10 years of age must be assessed in the year 2010). Thus, one cannot vary factorially and independently all three factors of age, period, and cohort in a single design; once levels of two of these factors are fixed, the levels of the third are fixed as well.
Because effects of the three factors of age, period, and cohort cannot be estimated separately, the choice of a design should be dictated by theory regarding which factors will have important influences on change. For example, the effects in a cohort-sequential design, in which cohort and age are crossed, are interpreted most simply under the assumption that period (or historical time) has no influence on the behavior of interest. If this assumption is accurate, the cohort-sequential design yields age trends for each of several cohorts, enabling the researcher to study the form of general age trends and how these are moderated by cohort. Similar conditions hold for the two remaining designs: the time-sequential design offering clear interpretations if cohort effects are negligible, and the cross-sequential design yielding unconfounded interpretations if age effects are assumed to be zero. Given these considerations, the cross-sequential design appears to be the least adequate of the three complex designs, as age effects must be assumed to be zero, and the cohort-sequential design is the most optimal, because both age and cohort are explicitly included in the design. Ironically, the cross-sequential design has been the most widely used of the designs (for example, Nesselroade & Baltes. 1974). and the cohort-sequential design has arguably been the least used of the designs. The reasons for the differential use of designs are clear, as the cohort-sequential design takes a longer number of years to complete and yields developmental functions across a smaller number of age levels. Still, the cohort-sequential design deserves wider use in the future to corroborate and place on firmer empirical footing the findings generated by other designs.
Measurement Issues
Measurement involves the assignment of numbers to observations (for example, persons) to represent the magnitude of a particular characteristic for each observation. Thus, one may use a ruler to assign numbers on any of a set of numerical units—for example, inches, feet, or centimeters—to represent the height of each of a set of individuals. Here, the measuring device is the ruler, the characteristic of interest is height, and a direct ratio mapping exists between the length on the measuring scale and the numbers to be assigned to observations.
Measurement is a crucial. if undervalued, aspect of all research endeavors in psychology, with profound implications for representing relations among variables and hence for the theories designed to account for these phenomena. Nowhere is the importance of measurement more obvious than in developmental psychology. When attempting to study the relation of behavior to age. as B = f(A), measurement is paramount, for one must ensure that the units of a measurement scale are comparable across the age span and that one is assessing the same characteristic at all ages for the function related behavior and age to have any interpretation. Researchers frequently assume that their measurements embody desiderata such as comparability of units across age levels but rarely are these assumptions tested directly.
Scales of measurement are often discussed in terms of the well-known classification into nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio scales. Numbers on a nominal scale serve only to identify the class into which a person falls and do not imply an ordering of individuals on any continuum. In contrast, numbers on the remaining three scales provide an ordering of individuals: an ordering with unequal intervals using an ordinal scale, with equal intervals on the interval scale, and with both equal intervals and a nonarbitrary zero point with a ratio scale.
Cross-cutting the preceding classification, at least partially, is the distinction between qualitative and quantitative variables. A nominal scale clearly represents qualitative differences among persons, but the relations between the three remaining scale types and the qualitative-quantitative distinction are less clear. For example, an ordinal scale might represent an ordered categorical or qualitative variable, with numbers representing different, qualitatively distinct, and hierarchically ordered stages. Or, the ordinal scale may represent an initial, unrefined attempt to assess a quantitative continuum. The confusion between scale types and the qualitative-quantitative distinction has been muddied by researchers in certain domains (for example, moral development, ego development) who have argued for the viability of qualitative, hierarchically ordered stages in the particular domain, but these same researchers have provided instruments with scoring options that yield scores that seemingly fall on interval scales, suggesting the presence of a quantitative dimension. Complications of this sort continue to concern the field of developmental psychology.
Early longitudinal studies, such as the Berkeley Growth Study by Bayley (1956; Bayley & Jones, 1937) employed measures from multiple domains, and many of the variables had either ratio or at least interval status, for example. Bayley (1956) displayed charts of growth in height and weight, which are usually assumed to meet the stipulations of a ratio scale. These scales enabled the fitting of informative age functions to data but were of greater utility in portraying physical growth than psychological development. For psychological development, Bayley developed an interesting approach to constructing derived scales for psychological variables (for example, her 16-D scale was normed to the mean and standard deviation exhibited by a sample of 16-year-olds) that would allow one to study changes in both mean and variance across age levels. However, the idea never took hold, and measurement concerns have a less central role than in the past. Most contemporary work uses measures designed for use with participants in fairly restricted age ranges, circumventing problems of comparability across extended age ranges and, in the process, hindering the study of developmental changes across these broader age levels. Moreover, the only measures that tend to be used across a wide range of ages during the developmental period from infancy through adolescence are measures of intelligence. These measures typically provide an IQ, which is normed in a nondevelopmental fashion—to yield a mean of 100 and standard deviation of 15 in the population at each age level. Hence, modeling the mean developmental trend is hazardous or impossible given the measurement properties of most measures used in current research.
One dependent variable that may provide a common metric across age levels and is widely used in studies of cognitive processes is reaction time, a variable that appears clearly to have ratio scale properties. In aging work, several meta-analyses have been performed on the general slowing hypothesis. Under general slowing, the rate of mental processes may slow (Birren, 1965) or information may be lost in a consistent fashion (Myerson, Hale, Wagstaff, Poon, & Smith, 1990) during the aging period. Regardless of the basis for the effect, various mathematical and statistical models have been fit to reaction time data to represent the extent and consistency of the slowing. Some work has been done to model the speeding up of processing, represented by reductions in reaction time, during childhood and adolescence. The basis of the speeding up of processing during the developmental period, however, is treated as a quantitative improvement in performance, and this is clearly a problematic assumption, as it may be for slowing during aging.
For example, in the domain of numerical processing (for example, addition. subtraction), children appear to proceed through a series of qualitatively distinct stages, representing different strategies for solving problems of a given type. Regardless of whether strategy choice continues unabated throughout life or a person finally adopts his or her optimal strategy and uses this strategy consistently, the qualitative advances in strategies may underlie the quantitative improvements in reaction time (Widaman, 1991). Thus, researchers may misconstrue the research problem as the understanding of the form of the function relating the quantitative reaction time variable to age, whereas the important developmental finding is the qualitative changes producing the quantitative improvements in performance. This is but one example of the measurement problems arising in developmental contexts. Future advances in both substantive theory and measurement theory may lead the way to clearer thinking about such problems—studying the measures of behavior that matter the most, rather than studying measures of behavior that are easiest to amass.
Statistical Models and Procedures
During the 1950s and 1960s, Wohlwill (1973) detected a clear "invasion of the experimentalists" into developmental psychology. This invasion took the form of researchers trained in experimental studies of mature persons, usually college students, opting to design studies that included multiple age groups, to test whether similar results would be found at all points on the age continuum. This invasion had both strengths and weaknesses. For example, the rigor of developmental research was perhaps improved, and research topics certainly were expanded in interesting directions, but, the results generated often had less relevance to traditional issues that defined the field than did typical research results.
Experimentalism has become firmly ensconced as one approach to developmental science. Statistical methodologists, however, have brought to the field the most modern analytic techniques available. Nevertheless, the standard methods of statistics—including correlation, regression, and the analysis of variance (ANOVA)—continue to be the most commonly used in developmental studies and will likely be the standard for some time to come.
Before discussing the newer methods of representing and analyzing developmental data, some comments should be made about the kinds of questions traditionally framed within developmental theories. The standard techniques of ANOVA and correlation and regression analysis are frequently used in developmental research and are often used as intended, but these techniques are subject to misuse and may fail to capture certain important aspects of developmental data. For example, ANOVA, designed to analyze mean differences across levels of qualitative independent variables, is used to test developmental changes as a function of age in many contexts. However, when used with longitudinal, repeated measures data, researchers cannot model the pattern of individual differences over time, as these are relegated to the within-group covariance matrices, which are frequently ignored and almost always unreported in research publications.
With correlation/regression methods, crucial tests of differences across groups often are not conducted, leaving the research literature in disarray. For example, when investigating gender differences in development, researchers commonly test whether correlations or regression weights differ significantly from zero, and they do this separately for samples of males and females. If a correlation or regression weight is significant for one group and not for the other, this is construed as evidence of a difference in the development of the genders. The crucial tests of the difference between the correlations (or regression weights) for the two groups, however, might reveal nonsignificance, suggesting a lack of difference across genders in developmental processes. Tests of the significance of the difference between independent correlations are often viewed as unpowerful, however, failure to utilize the proper tests results in a research literature that is open to many, conflicting interpretations.
Regardless of their inadequacies and potential misuse, ANOVA and correlation and regression analysis have helped frame statistically the important questions asked in developmental research. ANOVA emphasizes the understanding of the mean developmental trend, and correlation and regression analysis are used to study individual differences about the mean trend. Indeed, correlational measures were the mainstay for investigations of the differentiation of abilities and other processes during childhood and adolescence. The invasion of the statistical methodologists may be seen as an attempt to introduce new methods of analysis that correct problems in both ANOVA and correlation/regression analysis and that represent more adequately developmental processes and developmental change.
In a special issue of Child Development published in early 1987, several researchers promoted the utility of structural equation modeling (SEM) for developmental psychology, although others offered rational concerns about how the techniques would be used and interpretations would be drawn. Despite misgivings, the manner in which SEM can structure ideas and results cannot be discounted. Indeed, ways of addressing many key problems—including the distinctions between state and trait constructs as well as the proper causal lag in longitudinal studies—are uniquely applied with SEM. These benefits have been so clearly realized that applications of SEM in developmental research are becoming quite common.
One way of using SEM informatively in developmental research is multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to study the factorial invariance of a set of measures (Widaman & Reise, 1997). Using this multiple-group CFA approach, the investigator can test whether a consistent relation holds between the underlying factors and their observed indicators across age levels. Factorial invariance of this type is evidence that the same theoretical constructs are assessed at the different age levels. Moreover, researchers may then investigate differences in mean level and variance on the latent variables identified, as well as the structural relations among the latent variables. In the future, applications of item response theory methods, which are related to CFA models (Reise, Widaman, & Pugh, 1993), offer hope of establishing the comparability of the metric of measured variables across age levels, a problem that continues to plague the field.
Another application of SEM that has special relevance to developmental research is the specification of growth curve models. Under this approach, data from multiple times of measurement are the primary measured variables, and the latent variables that are specified represent both initial level at the first time of measurement and growth since the first time of measurement. Because individual differences in both level and growth are identified in this manner, variance on these latent variables may be predicted from other variables in the model. In this way, the investigator may find the key explanatory variables that account for individual differences in initial level and subsequent growth in a particular behavior of interest. Contributions in this vein continue to mount. and fruitful approaches for dealing with planned or unplanned missing data, a common woe in longitudinal studies, are being developed.
Yet another approach to the identification of level and growth factors within longitudinal data is a generic approach often identified as hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) (Bryk & Raudenbush, 1987, 1992). HLM recognizes the hierarchical structure of data. For example, children are nested within families, families are nested within socioeconomic strata, and so forth. In a longitudinal study, measurements at different ages are nested within individuals, so initial level and growth can be represented in HLM models, along with predictors of both initial level and subsequent growth. Whether SEM or HLM models are able to it easily or well growth data in which individuals may have different intercepts, growth rates, and asymptotes is a topic for future research.
Another statistical model that will be of increasing importance for developmental psychology goes by the name of survival analysis (Willett & Singer, 1997). Here, an important transition or event—such as dying or dropping out of school—is the outcome variable.
The survival model represents the likelihood or probability of the event as a function of age, and covariates may be added that affect the likelihood of occurrence. Although survival modeling is rare in developmental research, applications of the method are almost certain to increase in the future.
Advances have been made in representing qualitative developmental advances as well. For example, Collins and Cliff (1990) discussed a longitudinal extension to the Guttman scale for representing unitary, cumulative development. In 1997, Collins and colleagues (Collins, Graham, Rousculp, & Hansen, 1997) developed computer programs and analytic procedures for latent class analysis and latent transition analysis (LTA). LTA is useful for representing the unidirectional changes that characterize certain domains of behavior, such as stages of drug use or stages of arithmetic competence. LTA yields probabilities of making the transition from one level or stage to another more advanced stage and can test assumptions of lack of regressions to earlier levels or stages. Moreover, covariates can be included that explain individual differences in probabilities of stage transition.
One common requirement of all of the preceding new methods of analysis is the need for large sample sizes. This is perhaps the single largest stumbling block to widespread, confident use of these methods, as the standards in the field—given the temporal and monetary expenses associated with longitudinal studies—are for sample sizes that are not optimal for the application of sophisticated methods of analysis. With the elegant methods of analysis that have been and are being developed, the field of developmental psychology will be well equipped to understand growth, stability, and decline across the life span in unprecedented ways if a solid commitment is made to collection of adequate measurements on samples of adequate size.
The research methods used in developmental psychology are undergoing tremendous change, abetted by the invasion of the statistical methodologists. Continuing advances in the design of studies, the construction of measures and their proper scoring, and the methods used to analyze data promise exciting advances in the substantive understanding of the growth and development of individuals across the life span.
Baltes, P. B.. & Nesselroade, J. R. (1979). History and rationale of longitudinal research. In J. R. Nesselroade & P. B. Baltes (Eds.). Longitudinal research in the study of behavior and development (pp. 1-39). New York: Academic Press.
Bayley, N. (1956). Individual patterns of development. Child Development, 27, 45-74.
Bayley, N., & Jones, H. E. (1937). Environmental correlates of mental and motor development: A cumulative study from infancy to six years. Child Development, 8, 329-341.
Bell, R. Q. (1953). Convergence: An accelerated longitudinal approach. Child Development, 24, 145-152.
Birren, J. E. (1965). Age changes in speed of behavior: Its central nature and physiological correlates. In A. T. Welford & J. E. Birren (Eds.), Behavior, aging, and the nervous system (pp. 191-216). Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.
Bryk, A. S., & Raudenbush, S. W. (1987). Application of hierarchical linear models to assessing change. Psychological Bulletin, 101, 147-158.
Bryk, A. S., & Raudenbush, S. W. (1992). Hierarchical linear models: Applications and data analysis methods. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Collins, L. M.. & Cliff, N. (1990). Using the longitudinal Guttman simplex as a basis for measuring growth. Psychological Bulletin, 108, 128-134.
Collins, L. M., Graham, J. W., Rousculp, S. S.. & Hansen, W. B. (1997). Heavy caffeine use and the beginning of the substance use onset process: An illustration of latent transition analysis. In K. J. Bryant. M. Windle, & S. G. West (Eds.), The science of prevention: Methodological advances from alcohol and substance abuse research (pp. 79-99). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Mason, W. M.. & Fienberg, S. E. (Eds.). (1985). Cohort analysis in social research: Beyond the identification problem. New York: Springer-Verlag.
Myerson, J., Hale, S.. Wagstaff, D., Poon, L. W., & Smith, G. A. (1990). The information-loss model: A mathematical theory of age-related cognitive slowing. Psychological Review, 97. 475-487.
Nesselroade, J. R.. & Baltes, P. B. (1974). Adolescent personality development and historical change: 1970-1972. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 39 (1. Ser. No. 154).
Reise, S. P., Widaman, K. E. & Pugh, R. H. (1993). Confirmatory factor analysis and item response theory: Two approaches for exploring measurement invariance. Psychological Bulletin, 114, 552-566.
Schaie, K. W. (1965). A general model for the study of developmental problems. Psychological Bulletin, 64, 92-107.
Schroots, J. J. E, & Birren, J. E. (1990). Concepts of time and aging in science. In J. E. Birren & K. W. Schaie (Eds.). Handbook of the psychology of aging (3rd ed.. pp. 45-64). San Diego: Academic Press.
Widaman, K. F. (1991). Qualitative transitions amid quantitative development: A challenge for measuring and representing change. In L. M. Collins &J. L Horn (Eds.). Best methods for the analysis of change: Recent advances, unanswered questions, future directions (pp. 204-217). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Widaman, K. E. & Reise, S. P. (1997). Exploring the measurement invariance of psychological instruments: Applications in the substance use domain. In K. J. Bryant, M. Windle, & S. G. West (Eds.), The science of prevention: Methodological advances from alcohol and substance abuse research (pp. 281-324). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Willett, J. B., & Singer, J. D. (1997). Using discrete-time survival analysis to study event occurrence across the life course. In I. H Gotlib & B. Wheaton (Eds.), Stress and adversity over the life course: Trajectories and turning points (pp. 273-294). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Wohlwill, J. F. (1973). The study of behavioral development. New York: Academic Press.
Back to Developmental Psychology
History of Developmental Psychology
Developmental Psychology Theories
Criterion-Referenced Tests
Cross-Sectional Research
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Ethical Standards Of Research
Experimental Group
Experimental Method
Framingham Study
Generalizability
What is Longitudinal Research?
Prenatal Development and Infancy
Childhood and Adolescence Development
Adult Development and Aging
Death, Dying, and Bereavement
Developmental Psychopathology
Family Psychology
Gender and Sexual Orientation
Personality and Intelligence
Physical Development and Growth


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Lee Evans dies after stroke: a fist for justice
Oliver Adey 20 May 2021 0
Lee Evans dies after a stroke
A fist for justice
The iconic protest against racial discrimination at the 1968 Olympic Games is followed by a less well-known one: Lee Evans raises his fist for Black Power after his victory in the 400 meters – and experiences a different fate. Now Evans has passed away at the age of 74, but his legacy lives on.
400-meter Olympic champion and world record holder Lee Evans is dead. The former world-class athlete from the USA died at the age of 74 in the Nigerian metropolis of Lagos, the national association USATF announced. A week earlier, Evans, who was still a coach, had suffered a stroke there.
The athlete, who was born in Madera, California, made history at the 1968 Olympic Games in Mexico City: Evans, then 21, achieved a milestone in 43.86 seconds, becoming the first 400-meter sprinter to stay under 44 seconds. "I was so tired that I knew I had done something I had never done before," Evans once told NBC Sports about the seconds after his record run for a film about the 1968 Games. "I wasn't sure I won. Nobody told me I won, they just said, 'Lee, you bastard.' I asked, 'Who won?' "
"Like circus horses rewarded with peanuts"
Then caused a stir at the award ceremony: like his compatriots Tommie Smith and John Carlos before at the 200-meter award ceremony, he protested against racial discrimination in the USA: Evans, a member of the Olympic Project for Human Rights (OPHR), wore the Pedestal a black beret as a symbol of the Black Panther and black stockings. Smith and Carlos, both running for the same college as Evans, had been cracked down on and removed from the Olympics after their famous and iconic protest. In a statement, the two later announced, among other things: "As long as we do what the whites want, they treat us as good boys. In reality, however, they see us as circus horses that are rewarded with peanuts."
Evans initially wanted to boycott his run in protest, but his running colleagues are said to have convinced him to start. Before the race, an official warned him not to protest like Smith and Carlos because there was fear that the entire US team would be kicked out, Evans said. Nevertheless, the 21-year-old used the moment of victory in Mexico for another demonstration of resistance and black power. Since the USA was still looking to win the 4 × 400 meter relay, Evans was not sent home. And he actually won gold in this discipline afterwards.
Lee Evans' 400 meter world record was only broken 20 years later, on August 17, 1988, by his compatriot Butch Reynolds (43.29 seconds). The fight of the sprinter and activist against racial discrimination and police violence in the USA continues to this day, especially in the context of the Black Lives Matter movement, many athletes take part.
Tagged athleticsdiesdiscriminationEvansfistJusticeLeepolice violenceracismSportsstrokeUnited States
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
class Movement_Class
  def initialize (body)
    @body=body
    if @body
      puts "You're looking well today!"
    else
      raise ArgumentError.new ("Must have body to take class!")
    end
  end

  def howd_it_go?
    puts "As always, class was classy : )"
  end
end

class Yoga_Class < Movement_Class
  def initialize (advanced)
    @advanced=advanced
    if @advanced
      @rounds=8
    else
      @rounds=1
    end
  end

  def begin
    if @advanced
      puts "Ready for inversions?  Let's go!"
    else
      puts "OK--let's start in child's pose."
    end
  end

  def instruction
    @rounds.times do
      puts "Jump forward.  Now jump back."
    end
    puts "Well done EVERYONE!"
  end
end

level2 = Yoga_Class.new(false)
level2.begin
level2.instruction
level2.howd_it_go?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Magnat, persona que posseeix una gran riquesa per l'exercici de la indústria, el comerç o altres activitats lucratives.
 Magnat (alta noblesa), denominació donada als membres de l'alta noblesa en alguns estats europeus en l'Edat Mitjana i començaments del Renaixement.
 Magnat (pel·lícula), 1987 pel·lícula històrica polonesa
 Magnat, marca d'audiosistema de l'empresa Audiovox
 Magnat, marca de cervesa de l'empresa Dojlidy Brewery
 Magnat, marca de cervesa de l'empresa Obolon CJSC

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Happy Birthday Billy Graham – I saw you once somewhere in the middle of Kansas – when some friends of mine were trying to straighten me out.
Martin walked to Obama could run.
Happy 90th birthday Rev. Billy Graham. May God bless you!
Mr. Graham. Congratulations on your 90th birthday.
What do you think of Barrack Obama in the white house? God sure works in mysterious ways. You have been a pastor of many presidents and have been outspoken on issues. What do you think of the Bush doctrine? What strikes me is that you, and many Christians, favour the aggression of several administrations to strike at people and regimes you don't agree with over dialogue and respect. Like the the Vietnam war, you supported, which killed countless of people. A useless war which should not have happened. You should have listened to Jesus then if I may say so. Wasn't Jesus a peacemaker, who chose dialogue and love over fight?
The reason I mention this is because you still have a lot of influence over people. Sometimes more than a president. Many happy returns, strength and peace.
Larry, you asked where we've seen a president standing with the press behind him.
Obama may have taken a page from George Bush, who had the leaders of other developed countries stand behind him in a line, as he tried to regain the confidence of America with his plans to revive the economy.
I own two GM dealerships. My entire life and assets are invested in this enterprize. GM is building cars and trucks people want, contrary to the press that has tried to kill the American auto industry. My company and its 130 employees are on the verge of collapse. That means 130 unemployed people with homes in foreclosure, and I loose my home and entire net worth after 30 years of work and devotion to the industry I love. The Industry is more than a bunch of plants and auto execs. It is 12,000 dealerships and 2.5 million employees. The banks cannot and will not help. We need the government now. January will be too late for most of our industry.
I like watching your show, but I cannot stand the flasing of the "logo", the 2 stars and the microphone. Politics is King.
Sometime you flash those buttons.
Is very annoying and it does not enhance the show in any way.
I think Ben Stein's comments a bit 'mean spirited', regarding what was accomplished today. President-Elect was straigthforward in saying, "there is only one President of the United States". I think it positive that Mr. Obama gathered such an impressive team to start seeking a solution. Ben, chill out!
Perhaps you should make my previous blog annonomys for obvious reasons..
Someone should explain to Ben Stein that Obama is not the President until january 2009. Why does he not understand this? He is not a moron?
A Great Man of God and Advisor to Presidents-Shows what the Fathers of the Country meant when they wanted Cohesion of Church and State for the betterment of all-Instead of Separation of Church and State for the profit of the few!
Reply to Lee Denny-It is not the press that is killing the Auto Industry, It is the President and the greed of Big Oil! Once the gasoline prices hit the $4.00 mark, the big gasoline tank ceased to exist and so did the vehicle it was attached to. I notice that Big Oil is now assuming a very low profile and showing nicey, nicey, commercials and President Bush hasn't really had much to say about his failure to take any action to prevent the demise of the last of America's strong Industries. Ben Franklin said , "An ounce of Prevention is worth a Pound of Cure!' Believe me, it is going to take a lot of pounds to cure the Economy of a President so derelict in his duties!
NEVER rush Maya. NEVER rush Will.i.am.
An airplane flies overhead, disrupting peace.
Let not the progress of time alter my reality.
I am a being of life ; as simple as a tree.


text:
Der Taekwondowettkampf im Mittelgewicht der Frauen (bis 67 kg) bei den Olympischen Sommerspielen 2020 wurde am 26. Juli 2021 in der Halle A der Makuhari Messe in Chiba ausgetragen.

Titelträger

Ergebnisse

Turnierplan

Hoffnungsrunde

Weblinks
 Ergebnisse (englisch)

Mittelgewicht Frauen
Sportveranstaltung in Chiba


Decorated like a display, this charming brick home conveniently located in quiet South City neighborhood with superb curb appeal that you really have to see to believe! Sun-filled living room, spacious bedrooms, freshly painted with refinished gleaming hardwood floors, new windows and new hot water heater, and updated plumbing, new electrical panel.... the home is move-in ready. The basement is clean and dry, one car detached garage, peacefully fenced level back yard is great for BBQ party and lots of summer fun. What an irresistible value!


Joe B. Colclasure, MD is board certified in Otolaryngology.
Miller, J J, Md - Arkansas Otolaryngology Ctr is board certified in Otolaryngology and has 23 years of experience.
Arkansas Otolaryngology Center: Morris Barbara K MD is board certified in Otolaryngology.
Jeffrey L. Barber, MD is board certified in Otolaryngology.
Colclasure, Chris, Md - Arkansas Otolaryngology Ctr specializes in Otolaryngology and has 19 years of experience.
Dickins, John R E, Md - Arkansas Otolaryngology Ctr is board certified in Otolaryngology.
Hi! Sign in to let us know how Barber, Jeffrey L, Md - Arkansas Otolaryngology Ctr was?
by KRoller at Citysearch Jul 28 .
Fixed my deviated septum that had caused me problems for almost 30 years. I have taken allergy meds my whole life and after being on his operating table for less than 1 hour I haven't taken a single pill or nasal spray since (1 year later) I recomend him to everyone I know. Someone else I work with also went to him and had a great experience also.
Mary M. Jul 28 .
This doctor's office is really clean and state of the art. They do their ambulatory procedures here such as tubes and tonsillectomies which my children have had. The doctors I have used are all really good.
by lazisusann at Citysearch Jul 28 .
After visiting numerous doctors for almost a year - Dr. Dickins was finally able to diagnose AND treat me. He has a nice manner about him which makes him easily approachable.
Very thorough doctor, easy to talk to. Office staff is great!
Pros: Easy parking, short wait, great nurses and staff!
If you've been to or used Barber, Jeffrey L, Md - Arkansas Otolaryngology Ctr, leave a review.


text:
Franciszek Józef Pey, fr. François-Joseph Pey (ur. 1759 w Solliès-Pont, zm. 2 września 1792 w Saint-Germain-des-Prés) – francuski duchowny, błogosławiony Kościoła katolickiego.

Po studiach odbytych w Aix-en-Provence i Paryżu, będąc już wyświęconym kapłanem podjął działalność duszpasterską w diecezji paryskiej. W 1785 roku mianowany został kanonikiem przy katedrze Notre-Dame w Paryżu. Zasiadał w Stanach Generalnych. Gdy w rewolucyjnej Francji nasiliło się prześladowanie katolików, pod koniec sierpnia 1792 został uwięziony w opactwie Saint-Germain-des-Prés. Zginął z rąk tłumu, który wcześniej wymordował przewożonych z merostwa do opactwa więźniów, w czasie masakr wrześniowych.
Nie skorzystał z możliwości ucieczki, a podług relacji świadków w więzieniu był przykładem opanowania.

Franciszek Józef Pey został beatyfikowany 17 października 1926 wraz z 190 innymi męczennikami francuskimi przez papieża Piusa XI.

Zobacz też
 sytuacja Kościoła katolickiego we Francji w czasie rewolucji francuskiej
 wolność religijna

Przypisy

Franciszek Józef Pey
Francuscy duchowni katoliccy
Ofiary prześladowań antykatolickich (rewolucja francuska)
Urodzeni w 1759
Zmarli w 1792
Franciszek Józef Pey


text:
// FbString.cc for fluxbox
// Copyright (c) 2006 Henrik Kinnunen (fluxgen at fluxbox dot org)
// Copyright (c) 2006 Simon Bowden    (rathnor at fluxbox dot org)
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
// copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
// to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
// the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
// and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
// Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
// THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
// FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
// DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

#include "FbString.hh"

#ifdef HAVE_CERRNO
  #include <cerrno>
#else
  #include <errno.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_CSTRING
  #include <cstring>
#else
  #include <string.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_CSTDLIB
  #include <cstdlib>
#else
  #include <stdlib.h>
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_CSTDIO
  #include <cstdio>
#else
  #include <stdio.h>
#endif

#include <langinfo.h>
#include <locale.h>

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

#ifndef HAVE_ICONV
typedef int iconv_t;
#endif // HAVE_ICONV

#ifdef HAVE_FRIBIDI
  #include <fribidi/fribidi.h>
#endif

#ifdef DEBUG
using std::cerr;
using std::endl;
#endif // DEBUG

namespace {

const iconv_t ICONV_NULL = (iconv_t)(-1);

#ifdef HAVE_FRIBIDI
FbTk::FbString makeVisualFromLogical(const FbTk::FbString& src) {

    FriBidiCharType base = FRIBIDI_TYPE_N;

    // reuse allocated memory for reencoding / reordering
    static std::vector<FriBidiChar> us;
    static std::vector<FriBidiChar> out_us;
    static FbTk::FbString result;

    const size_t S = src.size() + 1;
    const size_t S4 = S * 4;

    if (us.capacity() < S)
        us.reserve(S);
    if (out_us.capacity() < S)
        out_us.reserve(S);
    if (result.capacity() < S4)
        result.reserve(S4);

    us.resize(S);
    FriBidiStrIndex len = fribidi_charset_to_unicode(FRIBIDI_CHAR_SET_UTF8,
            const_cast<char*>(src.c_str()), S - 1,
            &us[0]);

    out_us.resize(S);
    fribidi_log2vis(&us[0], len, &base, &out_us[0], NULL, NULL, NULL);

    result.resize(S4);
    len = fribidi_unicode_to_charset(FRIBIDI_CHAR_SET_UTF8, &out_us[0], len, &result[0]);
    result.resize(len); // trim to currently used chars

    return result;
}

#endif

} // end of anonymous namespace

namespace FbTk {

BiDiString::BiDiString(const FbString& logical)
#ifdef HAVE_FRIBIDI
    : m_visual_dirty(false)
#endif
{
    if (!logical.empty())
        setLogical(logical);
}

const FbString& BiDiString::setLogical(const FbString& logical) {
    m_logical = logical;
#if HAVE_FRIBIDI
    if (m_logical.empty()) {
        m_visual_dirty = false;
        m_visual.clear();
    } else {
        m_visual_dirty = true;
    }
#endif
    return m_logical;
}

const FbString& BiDiString::visual() const {
#if HAVE_FRIBIDI
    if (m_visual_dirty) {
        m_visual = ::makeVisualFromLogical(logical());
    }
    m_visual_dirty = false;
    return m_visual;
#else
    return m_logical;
#endif
}

namespace FbStringUtil {

enum ConvType {
    FB2X = 0,
    X2FB,
    LOCALE2FB,
    FB2LOCALE,
    CONVSIZE
};

static bool s_inited = false;
static iconv_t s_iconv_convs[CONVSIZE];
static std::string s_locale_codeset;

/// Initialise all of the iconv conversion descriptors
void init() {

    if (s_inited)
        return;

    s_inited = true;
    setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");

#ifdef HAVE_ICONV
#ifdef CODESET
    s_locale_codeset = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
#else // openbsd doesnt have this (yet?)
    std::string locale = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
    size_t pos = locale.find('.');
    if (pos != string::npos)
        s_locale_codeset = locale.substr(pos+1);
#endif // CODESET

#ifdef DEBUG
    cerr << "FbTk::FbString: setup converts for local codeset = " << s_locale_codeset << endl;
#endif // DEBUG

    s_iconv_convs[FB2X] = iconv_open("ISO8859-1", "UTF-8");
    s_iconv_convs[X2FB] = iconv_open("UTF-8", "ISO8859-1");
    s_iconv_convs[FB2LOCALE] = iconv_open(s_locale_codeset.c_str(), "UTF-8");
    s_iconv_convs[LOCALE2FB] = iconv_open("UTF-8", s_locale_codeset.c_str());
#else
    memset(s_iconv_convs, 0, sizeof(s_iconv_convs));
#endif // HAVE_ICONV

}

void shutdown() {
#ifdef HAVE_ICONV
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < CONVSIZE; ++i)
        if (s_iconv_convs[i] != ICONV_NULL)
            iconv_close(s_iconv_convs[i]);

    memset(s_iconv_convs, 0, sizeof(s_iconv_convs));
    s_inited = false;
#endif // HAVE_ICONV
}

/**
   Recodes the text from one encoding to another
   assuming cd is correct
   @param cd the iconv type
   @param msg text to be converted, **NOT** necessarily NULL terminated
   @param size number of BYTES to convert
   @return the recoded string, or 0 on failure
*/
std::string recode(iconv_t cd, const std::string &in) {

#ifdef HAVE_ICONV
/**
  --NOTE--
  In the "C" locale, this will strip any high-bit characters
  because C means 7-bit ASCII charset. If you don't want this
  then you need to set your locale to something UTF-8, OR something
  ISO8859-1.
*/

    // If empty message, yes this can happen, return
    if (in.empty())
        return "";

    if (cd == ICONV_NULL)
        return in; // can't convert

    size_t insize = in.size();
    size_t outsize = insize;
    std::vector<char> out(outsize);
    char* out_ptr = &out[0];

    size_t inbytesleft = insize;
    size_t outbytesleft = outsize;

#ifdef HAVE_CONST_ICONV
    const char* in_ptr = in.data();
#else
    char* in_ptr = const_cast<char*>(in.data());
#endif
    size_t result = (size_t)(-1);
    bool again = true;

    while (again) {
        again = false;

        result = iconv(cd, &in_ptr, &inbytesleft, &out_ptr, &outbytesleft);

        if (result == (size_t)(-1)) {
            switch(errno) {
            case EILSEQ:
                // Try skipping a byte
                in_ptr++;
                inbytesleft--;
                again = true;
            case EINVAL:
                break;
            case E2BIG:
                // need more space!
                outsize += insize;
                out.resize(outsize);
                if (out.capacity() != outsize)
                    again = true;
                outbytesleft += insize;
                out_ptr = (&out[0] + outsize) - outbytesleft;
                break;
            default:
                // something else broke
                perror("iconv");
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    // copy to our return string
    std::string ret;
    ret.append(&out[0], outsize - outbytesleft);

    // reset the conversion descriptor
    iconv(cd, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);

    return ret;
#else
    return in;
#endif // HAVE_ICONV
}

FbString XStrToFb(const std::string &src) {
    return recode(s_iconv_convs[X2FB], src);
}

std::string FbStrToX(const FbString &src) {
    return recode(s_iconv_convs[FB2X], src);
}

/// Handle thislocale string encodings (strings coming from userspace)
FbString LocaleStrToFb(const std::string &src) {
    return recode(s_iconv_convs[LOCALE2FB], src);
}

std::string FbStrToLocale(const FbString &src) {
    return recode(s_iconv_convs[FB2LOCALE], src);
}

bool haveUTF8() {
#ifdef HAVE_ICONV
    if (s_iconv_convs[LOCALE2FB] != ICONV_NULL)
        return true;
#endif // HAVE_ICONV

    return false;
}

} // end namespace StringUtil

#ifdef HAVE_ICONV
StringConvertor::StringConvertor(EncodingTarget target) : m_iconv(ICONV_NULL) {
    if (target == ToLocaleStr)
        m_destencoding = FbStringUtil::s_locale_codeset;
    else
        m_destencoding = "UTF-8";
}
#else
StringConvertor::StringConvertor(EncodingTarget target) { }
#endif

StringConvertor::~StringConvertor() {
    reset();
}

bool StringConvertor::setSource(const std::string &encoding) {
#ifdef HAVE_ICONV
    std::string tempenc = encoding.empty() ? FbStringUtil::s_locale_codeset : encoding;

    if ((tempenc == m_destencoding) && (m_iconv == ICONV_NULL)) {
        return true;
    }

    iconv_t newiconv = iconv_open(m_destencoding.c_str(), tempenc.c_str());
    if (newiconv == ICONV_NULL)
        return false;
    else {
        if (m_iconv != ICONV_NULL)
            iconv_close(m_iconv);
        m_iconv = newiconv;
        return true;
    }
#else
    return false;
#endif
}

FbString StringConvertor::recode(const std::string &src) {
#ifdef HAVE_ICONV
    return FbStringUtil::recode(m_iconv, src);
#else
    return src;
#endif
}

void StringConvertor::reset() {
#ifdef HAVE_ICONV
    if (m_iconv != ICONV_NULL)
        iconv_close(m_iconv);
    m_iconv = ICONV_NULL;
#endif
}

} // end namespace FbTk


1MB is proud to launch one of our newest sites for Vancouver based realtor Sayona Kahnamooei. Â You can view the site here: SayonaK.com.
The site is powered by 1MB's next generation site manipulation software, ShopBuilder. Â The site is also hosted on 1MB Corporations' hosting platform. Â Another end to end solution completed on time, on budget by the 1MB team.


text:
« STRYPER – "EXTENDED VERSIONS" IS A LIVE AND ROCKIN' GOOD TIME CD
ZZ TOP "ANTENNA" WAS MY RAINY DAY CD TODAY »
A HEAVY METAL MUSIC FLASHBACK FROM 1987!
Now this is a flashback of Heavy Metal history. This is a promotional advertisement from 1987 for the Monsters Of Rock (festival) at Donington Park out in the U.K., the lineup of bands was obviously powerhouse! This huge Heavy Metal event took place on August 22, 1987. Metallica was just on the rise, (sounds weird saying that), with their unreal great, 1986 Master Of Puppets album, which catapulted them to historical Metal heights. Cinderella was still promoting their debut album Night Songs. Anthrax was supporting their Among The Living album, a great Thrash Metal album indeed. DIO being on the bill was perfect timing, with Dream Evil being released on July 21, 1987. W.A.S.P. was a hot ticket for this Monsters Of Rock, after their Inside The Electric Circus album's release in November of 1986. Then there was the headliner, Bon Jovi, being almost a year to the date of the Slippery When Wet album release of August 18, 1986.
Would these same bands actually be included in a Heavy Metal festival like this in 2009? I doubt it, especially when you look at the direction in which Bon Jovi has taken musically. Anthrax and Cinderella are not in the spotlight currently. DIO is touring, only not at a level of intensity of the late 1980's, nonetheless, Ronnie James Dio and his band would be a solid compliment to a Heavy Metal jamboree anywhere today. Metallica would be the headliner in 2009, without question!! W.A.S.P. would be a perfect band for any Heavy Metal event in 2009, not a second thought about that one!
Over the years, um, decades, I have seen Cinderella, DIO and Metallica live. Memorable Metal moments for me, each one. I would still be ecstatic to see W.A.S.P. someday live… man, that would be the Metal icing on the cake for me. W.A.S.P. is definitely my favorite band out of this group. I would gladly accept a chance to see Anthrax live somewhere in the future as well, regardless of who is at lead vocals. The artwork on this promo is, in my Metal opinion, old school 1980's Heavy Metal. Neat stuff.
This entry was posted on November 30, 2009 at 1:48 am and is filed under 1980's hair metal bands, 1980's heavy metal albums, 1980's hair metal music, 1980's heavy metal bands, 1980's heavy metal music, 1980's thrash metal, 1987 heavy metal music, 1990's heavy metal bands, classic heavy metal, current heavy metal bands, heavy metal albums 1987, heavy metal bands, heavy metal concert posters, heavy metal festivals, heavy metal history, heavy metal memorabilia, heavy metal music, metal music, metal odyssey, Music, old school heavy metal, old school thrash metal music, rock music, thrash metal albums, thrash metal bands, thrash metal legends, vintage heavy metal albums, vintage heavy metal bands, vintage thrash metal bands with tags 1980's thrash metal bands, 1980's heavy metal bands, 1980's heavy metal music, anthrax thrash metal band, Blackie Lawless, bon jovi, cinderella heavy metal band, dio, heavy metal bands 1987, heavy metal flashback 1987, heavy metal music, metal odyssey, Metallica, monsters of rock 1987, monsters of rock promo advertisement, Music, old school heavy metal bands, w.a.s.p. heavy metal band.	You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.


text:
Q: Is it possible to set a LESS mixin parameter to a variable? This could have a very simple answer that I probably have missed, but if you had a mixin like so...
.mixin(@param1: 'foo'; @param2: #bbaarr); {
    font-family: @param1;
    color: @param2;
}

...would you be able to replace the values of @param1 and @param2 with other pre-defined, global variables (as shown below)?
@foo: 'foo';
@bar: #bbaarr;

.mixin(@param1: @foo; @param2: @bar); {
    font-family: @param1;
    color: @param2;
}

If I have any basic syntax errors, please understand. I literally learned LESS about an hour ago. :)

A: Simply remove ; at the end of mixin heading.
Please see the following:
@foo: 'foo';
@bar: #fff;

.mixin(@param1: @foo; @param2: @bar) {
    font-family: @param1;
    color: @param2;
}

.foofoo {
 .mixin;
}

that compiles into:
.foofoo {
  font-family: 'foo';
  color: #fff;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: How can I display javascript object for paypal api? I would like to display the details of the payment after users have make a purchase using paypal api. I realised the data is stored in console.log(details) How do I view the console.log(details) in another html page and insert it in the payment database? Here is my codes for the paypal api:
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>My Orders</title>
<link rel=" stylesheet" href="~/styles/StyleSheet2.css">
<script src="https://www.paypal.com/sdk/js?client-id=AchXBKgrx7hxmn4m87StLCAuDD76_D4vX0vMqV2XAEyhhiHmO5bwB7O6uyZ3bW8KiyjVdnJdgW0aCh8e"></script>
<script>
   paypal.Buttons({
        createOrder: function(data, actions){
          return actions.order.create({
            purchase_units: [{
                amount: {
                    value: '0.01'
                }
            }]
          });
        },

       onApprove: function (data, actions) {
           return actions.order.capture().then(function (details) {
               console.log(details)
               window.location.replace("http://localhost:62941/Product/Success")
           });
       },

       onCancel: function (data) {

           window.location.replace("http://localhost:62941/Product/Unsuccessfulpayment")

       }

    }).render('#paypal-button-container');

</script>

A:
How do I view the console.log(details) in another html page and insert it in the payment database?

Don't. Do not use actions.order.capture() on the client side and then store information in a database.
If you want to store information in a database, do the capture on a server.
Here is the approval flow to use: https://developer.paypal.com/demo/checkout/#/pattern/server
Pair this with two routes on your server, one for 'Create Order' and one for 'Capture Order', documented here.


Irving Aaronson and his Commanders are remembered primarily today for their wonderful version of Cole Porter's "Lets Misbehave". The Commanders were one of the most popular dance bands of the 1920s and early 1930s. Irving Aaronson employed several future jazz greats in his orchestra, most notably Gene Krupa, Claude Thornhill and Artie Shaw.
Thanks to Uncle Dave Lewis, Bob Palmer, Owen Miller, Scott and Mark of Vintage Music Company and James Gallup, for their help with the recordings on this page.
Ah! But Is It Love?
What Good Is Good Morning?


text:
Home » Don't harm patients with high-alert drugs
Don't harm patients with high-alert drugs
Don't let tubing errors harm patients in your ED
Physicians slow to intervene with high-risk patients
Things We Don't Like to Know: The High Cost of New Cancer Treatment
(Editor's note: This is the first in a two-part series on high-alert medications in the ED. This month, we give specific practice changes to avoid errors. Next month, we'll address how to avoid dosage errors involving heparin, a high-alert drug that is frequently involved with errors in the ED.)
If a physician gave you a verbal order for ".8 morphine" for an infant with a fracture, would you think in terms of volume? One ED nurse did, and gave the child 0.8 cc of a 10 mg/mL syringe of morphine, which amounted to 8 mg.
The child suffered a respiratory arrest and had to be resuscitated, which resulted in a prolonged hospitalization.
This is a true example of a high-alert drug error in an ED, reported to the Huntingdon Valley, PA-based Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP). ED patients are at high risk for all types of drug errors, due to such factors as higher volumes and acuity, according to Susan F. Paparella, RN, MSN, director of consulting services for ISMP and former director for critical care and emergency services at Mercy Suburban Hospital in Norristown, PA.
"The frequency of errors with high-alert drugs isn't necessarily greater, but when errors do occur, the harm to patients with these medications is just so great," she says. "Also, we commonly use a lot of high-alert drugs in the ED, such as neuromuscular blocking agents, thrombolytic agents, and insulins."
To avoid high-alert medication errors, follow these proven practices:
• Limit access to high-alert drugs.
This limited access doesn't mean that you won't be able to get the drugs when you need them. The goal is to limit variety and multiple concentrations.
"Instead of 10 neuromuscular blockers, you might have two or three," says Paparella. "This helps you to become familiar with the proper doses and the effects of particular products."
At Sioux Valley Hospital-University of South Dakota Medical Center, concentrations for high-risk infusions such as heparin, insulin, and vasopressors are now standardized, says Monica Huber, RN, director of emergency, trauma, and intensive air services. For example, the ED recently standardized insulin drips to 1 unit/ml concentration, and you must have a written physician order to change the concentration, she reports.
• Store high-alert drugs separately.
Neuromuscular blockers might be left on counters where they can be mistaken for saline or another drug, warns Paparella. She recommends segregating refrigerated products such as succinylcholine in a plastic box with a breakaway lock, clearly labeled, "Caution — Paralyzing Agents."
"We have heard of errors that occur when these vials get mixed together in refrigerated storage with other items such as tetanus or vaccines," she says.
If you obtain drugs from an automated medication dispensing cabinet, draw attention to high-alert drugs by using colored tape to differentiate them from others, advises Paparella.
The automated medication dispenser gives warnings when high-alert drugs are removed, says Huber. For example, an auxiliary warning label is placed on all neuromuscular blocking agents stating "Danger-Muscle Paralyzing Agent. Patient must be intubated and mechanically ventilated."
• Label high-alert medications.
Have you ever brought an unlabeled medication to a patient's bedside, gotten distracted, and put it down for just a moment? These can be given to the wrong patient or mistaken for a saline flush or other medication, notes Paparella.
"Most nurses would say, That would never happen to me,' but unfortunately, those are the kind of errors we hear about all the time," she says. "Although it may take extra time, the labeling is well worth the effort."
• Perform an independent double check.
Should nurses do an independent double-check for every drug?
"No," says Paparella. "Nurses are too busy, and that would be an unrealistic expection. But you must do it for certain high-alert medications that would really cause harm if given in error."
Use these practices, she suggests:
Even when using a premixed product, bring a second practitioner to the bedside with a copy of the original order to verify the correct patient, drug, dose, concentration, frequency, and route.
For drugs administered by an infusion pump, double-check the pump setup and rate of infusion.
Instead of having another person check your calculation, have them independently calculate the same dosage and compare results.
At Brandon (FL) Regional Hospital, all insulin given by infusion is double-checked, says Catherine Ochab, RN, director of emergency services. "The nurse gets the order and draws up the insulin in the syringe," Ochab says. "A second nurse comes and checks the chart, medication, and dose."
• Use computerized calculations for weight-based infusions whenever possible.
Nurses frequently use dosage-calculation programs available on the bedside monitors, says Huber. "Pharmacy also will print an infusion rate chart for individual patients if nursing provides them with the patient's weight and drug," she says.
• Only use verbal orders for truly emergent situations.
Orders for high-risk drugs should be written when possible, or repeated and confirmed when taken verbally, says Ochab. "EDs are not always able to have everything written immediately due to emergent situations."
Paparella recommends preprinted standing order sets for high-alert medications such as thrombolytics. "If you absolutely, positively have to take that verbal order, write it down and read it back," she says. "Spell drug name and numbers as clarification. Sixteen can sound like 60."
For more information about preventing high-alert drug errors in the ED, contact:
Monica Huber, RN, Director of Emergency, Trauma and Intensive Air Services, Sioux Valley Hospital-University of South Dakota Medical Center, 1305 W. 18th St., Sioux Falls, SD 57117-5039. Telephone: (605) 333-6687. E-mail: HUBERM@siouxvalley.org.
Catherine Ochab, RN, Director of Emergency Services, Brandon Regional Hospital, 119 Oakfield Drive, Brandon, FL 33511. Telephone: (813) 571-5158. E-mail: catherine.ochab@HCAhealthcare.com.
Susan F. Paparella, RN, MSN, Director of Consulting Services, Institute for Safe Medication Practices, 1800 Byberry Road, Suite 810, Huntingdon Valley, PA 19006. Telephone: (215) 947-7797. Fax: (215) 914-1492. E-Mail: spaparella@ismp.org.
The ISMP has recently updated its list of high-alert drugs and drug categories. To obtain the current list, go to www.ismp.org. Under "Medication Safety Alerts," click on "Recent Articles." For the date 12/18/2003, click on "ISMP's list of high-alert medications." To voluntarily and anonymously report a medication error to ISMP, go to www.ismp.org. Click on "Error Reporting."
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text:
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    name=models.CharField(max_length=20, primary_key=True )
    age=models.IntegerField()

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

class Like(models.Model):
    user=models.ForeignKey(Profile,on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    choice_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    like=models.IntegerField(default=0)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.choice_text

in python manage.py shell command:
    from database.models import Profile, Like
    p=Profile(name='test', age=66)
    p.save()
    p.id

AttributeError                            Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-35-25ec00f2e4bf> in <module>
----> 1 p.id

But if you follow the example on www.djangoproject.com , you will get to see result of p.id is 1.
Any help will be appreciated to understand the databases as I never worked on the databases.

A: You model has the primary_key field name.
So if you save() your model it won't have a field called id as this is a default primary_key-field if you didn't define any.
You can access the primary_key by obj.pk (or obj.name in your case).

A: This message is also found when primary key in database is not called "id"
It must be up to user to name primary key (particularly if database is old)
Following model definition gives error
examination_id=models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
Following model definition corrects error without change in database PK
id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True,db_column='examination_id')
Note that django is happy with "id", mysql is free with whatever primary key is named.
In this scenario, if examination_id is used as foreign key in another table, there is further complication. Now, django want "examination_id_id" field in referenced table.
This message can be solved by defining foreign key in referred table as follows
examination_id = models.ForeignKey(Examination, models.DO_NOTHING, db_column='examination_id')


The North Peninsula Jewish Community is honored to welcome Rabbi Sharon Brous, a leading voice in reanimating religious life in America, working to develop a spiritual road map for soulful, multi-faith justice work. Rabbi Brous is the senior and founding rabbi of IKAR, which has quickly become one of the most influential Jewish congregations in the country. Her 2016 TED talk, "Reclaiming Religion," has been viewed by more than 1.2 million people. Rabbi Brous was named #1 on the Newsweek/The Daily Beast list of the most influential Rabbis in America, and serves on the faculty of the Shalom Hartman Institute-North America.
When religion in the public square is seen as hate-filled, exclusionary, narrow-minded, and sometimes even violent, what would it take to reclaim a soulful, purposeful, inclusive vision of religious life?
Sorry, this dinner has been cancelled.
Do we act with urgency and immediacy or work toward longer term, more strategic solutions? We'll explore a tension between two perhaps contradictory spiritual and moral imperatives—rooted in the Talmud and the teachings of Dr. King—of critical importance to us as Jews and human beings in the world in this moment: the fierce urgency of now, and the fact that the arc of the moral universe, though it bends toward justice, is long.
Life is dialogical. Jewish practice is designed to pull us out of our existential loneliness and give us back access to the beauty and meaning in life.
Genesis chapters 1 and 2 paint two very different world views: one in which man and woman are created together, as equals, and one in which woman is created to serve and give pleasure to a powerful, dominant man. Both visions are possible in God's creation, and we're asked to choose: equality, or patriarchy. Our tradition struggles to reconcile these two narratives, even as our human community continues to build systems and structures that perpetuate the latter.
The Virtue of Dis/Unity: How Big is the Jewish Tent?
Ours is a tradition that honors dissent. And yet, our communal discourse often belies a kind of terror around breaking scripted norms. How do we manage the fine line between unity and uniformity? Join us for this exploration of traditional Jewish ideas around unity and community, and our willingness to make space for voices we disagree with.
Funded in part by Peninsula Jewish Community Center, Peninsula Temple Beth El, Peninsula Temple Sholom, Peninsula Sinai Congregation, Congregation Beth Jacob, Ronald C. Wornick Jewish Day School, and the Jewish Community Federation of San Francisco, the Peninsula, Marin and Sonoma Counties. Funded primarily by the Koret Foundation and the Taube Foundation for Jewish Life & Culture.


He is known as "the Vicar of Baghdad". He used to work with Syrian President Bashar al-Assad in the UK and has survived "lots"of attempts on his own life in Iraq.
Few priests in the world have lived quite as dangerously as Canon Andrew White (53). And he has done so with multiple sclerosis for the past 20 years.
He was in Dublin on Monday to lobby the Department of Foreign Affairs in relation to support for peace efforts in the Middle East.
He lived in Baghdad from 2003 as vicar at St George's Church, the only Anglican church in Iraq, until instructed to leave for safety reasons by Archbishop of Canterbury Justin Welby in November 2014. He is now based in Jordan.
Where Islamic State is concerned Canon White is unequivocal. "I believe that the only way of dealing with them is to have troops on the ground. I don't believe in just bombing from the sky," he said.
Under Saddam Hussein, "Christians had a brilliant deal", he said, because Saddam also belonged to a minority. Once the Americans withdrew, "within eight months [Islamic State] is formed and our people were then seriously persecuted".


A Texas official has been indicted on federal charges for allegedly conspiring to provide driver's licenses to illegal aliens.
A federal grand jury has issued a six-count indictment against 53-year-old Jose A. Ytuarte, a former Texas Department of Public Safety (DPS) employee in Hondo, Texas, and 44-year-old Azeez Mistry of San Antonio, Texas.
According to the indictments, the two conspired from May 2013 to July 2015 to transfer drivers licenses knowing the identification was produced without lawful authority.
The charges include: one count for conspiracy to transfer false identification documents, one count of transfer of false identification documents, and four counts of use of an interstate communication facility in aid of unlawful activity.
The indictment charges Mistry brought undocumented and documented aliens who could not get a driver's license legally to Ytuarte. Mistry allegedly charged these individuals $1,000 to $5,000 for each license and paid Ytuarte a portion of that fee to bribe him. Ytuarte is accused of using the DPS computer system to put materially false information into the system (that the applicants were born in the United States) in order that a driver's license could be issued to the illegal aliens. The defendants allegedly conducted the activity over the lunch hours when other DPS employees were not present.
Federal officials in San Antonio, Texas, arrested these two men and according to court documents both defendants are out on a $25,000 bond.
Ytuarte's arraignment is set for November 3rd. Mistry and his attorney signed a form wherein Mistry waived personal appearance at arraignment and he has directed that a plea of not guilty be entered for him. A federal public defender has been appointed for Ytuarte.
The pair face fifteen years in federal prison if convicted. The charges against the defendants are felonies.


If you're a book lover, getting an e-reader is both exciting and vexing. True, you can have hundreds of books ready to read at a whim. But the downside is that no one else knows what you're reading (but then again, maybe that's a good thing).
Etsy user NovelCreations came up with the perfect solution — book purses! See if your favorite old or new classic has been turned into a e-reader transportation device.
Of course the purses aren't specifically for e-readers, but it's still a fun idea. They seem fairly customizable, so don't feel shy asking the seller if she can make your favorite the way you like. And in case you were wondering, she recycles the inside pages of the books but says, "If you want the inside pages from your purchase, select the inside pages shipment from my website."
Would you opt for a classic book like Jane Eyre or go for a modern best-seller like The Hunger Games? Tell us in the comments below.


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The Rapid Rise and Fall of Doja Cat in the Era of "Cancel" Culture
The singer's "Mooo" became a viral hit out of nowhere. Then, problematic tweets from her past resurfaced, making her neither the first nor last sudden celebrity to suffer a social media reckoning. Are we building them up too quickly or are we too quick to tear them down?
By Micah Peters Sep 3, 2018, 6:15am EDT
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Doja Cat YouTube/Ringer illustration
It's none of my business how much time you spend looking at your phone, but if you have at all in recent weeks, and if you like music, there's a good chance you've heard about Doja Cat. She's originally from Tarzana, California, but for all intents and purposes, she's from the internet. Or at least, until very recently, she was so good at cultivating fame online that it seemed that way.
Should we start with "Mooo"? Let's start with "Mooo." If you haven't been acquainted with the song yet, I'm surprised at least one of your friends hasn't recommended it to you. I'm personally sick to death of talking about what the Song of the Summer is or was or wasn't, but as a point of reference, if "In My Feelings" were the glossy official issue, this one — "Mooo" — isn't accessible without the jailbreak. You may have guessed already that it is a song about cows; specifically being one, though you can plainly see that Doja Cat is a human. With its lethargic, chill study beats–core production, and absurd, low-rent videography that pairs nicely with its equally absurd lyrics (Bitch, I'm a cow / Bitch, I'm a cow / I'm not a cat, I don't say 'Meow'), "Mooo" has more than 11 million views on YouTube.
In the video there are bouncing anime boobs, bouncing real boobs, and one precious still of Doja Cat in her cropped and splotchy bovine top — the impetus for the song — with matching ear headband, fries lodged stupidly up her nose. It's allusive, self-referential, ridiculous, and exactly the sort of thing that the internet eats up, regurgitates, and eats again. Everything here is memeable. Please meme it.
"Moo" is less of a traditional "song" than a troll single meant to signal you toward the fact that Doja Cat's major-label debut, Amala (her given name is Amala Zandile Dlamini), arrived in March. She's been milly rocking in Luigi hats, piecing together dream pop in her bedroom, and uploading to her Instagram genuinely hilarious reminders to buy her album; the album rollout is, in effect, happening in reverse.
It's been deliriously fun, but if you're just now showing up, I regret to inform you that the fun may already be over. If anyone was clocking it, Doja Cat has been Milkshake Ducked in record time.
Wtf is this :( @DojaCat pic.twitter.com/mXYEtAqQcZ
— joan (@fucktrevito) August 28, 2018
This is the way it goes with internet obsessions. We scrape together something close to world peace as you, me, and hundreds of thousands of strangers fawn over the thick congeniality of Ken Bone's red sweater, or the dark, brainy comedy of Rick and Morty, or Guardians of the Galaxy Vols 1 & 2. Then we come to find that the people we're doting upon were different before we got to know them. Or rather, we're left to wonder whether they've actually changed: Their old tweets or Reddit posts are resurfaced, and we're forced to contend with what they mean relative to an overabundance of things. How much does intent matter? Age? Gender? Sexual preference? Race?
Surely The New York Times' Sarah Jeong saying "white men are bullshit" doesn't equate to Milwaukee Brewers reliever Josh Hader tweeting that "gay people freak me out." Much how Eminem hurling "faggot" as an insult at the age of 45 is quite different from tweeting the epithet when you're a teenager. All things considered, it might be best that this occurred before Doja Cat reached mainstream popularity. The amount of trust and goodwill built up over the course of 14 or so business days might be easier to rebuild than that which was built up over a decade. (*Cough* Kanye Omari West *cough*.) Nevertheless, there is no hard-and-fast rule for accountability, no easy guide through the swaying thicket of grievance politics.
So far, we're only sure of the wrong ways to go about making amends, which are pretty clear:
Doja Cat deleted the slur-ridden tweet, and then issued a Notes app apology, then deleted that, too, along with all the rest of her tweets, save for one announcing her tour. She wasn't the only rapper to be Milkshake Ducked just last Wednesday — Asian Doll and Yung Miami of City Girls were also forced into damage control over anti-gay tweets. Yung Miami, who tweeted in 2013 that she would beat the homosexuality out of her future son, half-apologized, noting the comment was "insensitive" but that she still "personally I wouldn't want my son to be gay." Asian Doll tweeted all the way through it and landed in a pretty promising place:
I can admit I was wrong & I can admit I was YOUNG but behavior like that starts in your home parents will teach you that "being gay is bad" but once I grew up & experienced life on my own being openly Gay means you are a STRONG FEARLESS BEAUTIFUL INDIVIDUAL
— Asian Da Brat (@ImAsianDoll) August 29, 2018
I've learned in 2018 to appreciate all good people no matter they're sexuality or living situation a Good person is a gift from god
Each of these teenagers would have been of high school age when the offending tweets were sent, when neither I, nor them, nor you were perfectly politically correct. Let me be very clear: I absolutely condemn the language used and the thoughts presented within them, but I'm less interested in how and why those specific tweets are popping up now, than in what our response to them should be.
Is there a perfect amount of nuance that we should display? A way for us to strike the right balance between contempt and empathy? If there is historical precedent, there can't be any that's survived into this era of increasingly packaged pop culture, when celebrities emphasize certain parts of their character and remove certain barriers between themselves and their fans. We are constantly connected despite being worlds apart, and discourse is muddied with all the voyeurism and impenetrable narrowness of experience that implies. Your options are still the same. You can either (a) embrace that behind these brands are people who are flawed and changeable, neither all good nor all bad with a few notable exceptions, or (b) "cancel" them altogether.
For now let's just say the moral of the story is: If you are set down the yellow-brick path to fame — and if you're really lucky, fortune — the very first thing you should do is delete your tweets. And if you're confronted with those tweets that should have been deleted, my only advice to you is: Do whatever you'll regret the least. Amala is a fun listen, by the way.
Next Up In Music
Depeche Mode, the Synth-Pop Gods Who Shaped the Decade
'Like..?,' Neal Stephenson, and 'Resident Evil 6'
Shakira's Jam, New York Times' Nikki Finke Article, 'Break Point' and More
David Crosby Never Cut His Hair
Shakira's Diss Track, the Met Gala's Cochairs, and Madonna's Tour Announcement
Liz Phair Didn't Need Guyville As Much As Guyville Needed Her


text:
UK business activity surges back to growth – PMI
UK business activity returned to growth in March, powered by stronger consumer confidence and rebounding sales ahead of a planned lifting of the Covid-19 lockdown, a survey showed.
The initial reading for the IHS Markit/CIPS UK composite purchasing managers' index jumped to 56.6 from 49.6 a month earlier. The increase was the fastest since August, supported by the first rise in new orders since September. The total figure was well ahead of the 50 mark that indicates no growth.
Services drove the improvement with a forecast-beating reading of 56.8, up from 49.5 in February as the UK's dominant sector returned to expansion. Analysts had on average expected a score of 51. Manufacturing also outstripped expectations with a score of 57.9, up from 55.1.
March was the first time services outpaced manufacturing. The trend was supported by a surge in demand for residential property services, fuelled by a sharp rise in house sales during the Chancellor's stamp duty holiday for the first £500,000 of a purchase.
The survey was conducted after Boris Johnson announced plans for a phased reopening of the UK economy on 22 February with the aim of lifting all restrictions by 21 June. Britain's successful vaccine programme and falling death and infection rates underpinned the plan, which remains in place.
Chris Williamson, IHS Markit's chief business economist, said: "The UK economy rebounded from two months of decline in March, with business activity growing at its fastest rate since last August as children returned to schools, businesses prepared for the reopening of the economy and the vaccine roll-out boosted confidence."
Companies reported new orders on a scale exceeded only once in almost four years, and business expectations for the year ahead surged to the highest since comparable data were first available in 2012. Employment rose for the first time since the pandemic struck as firms hired workers to respond to inflows of work and the brighter outlook.
Williamson said the results suggested the economy would only contract mildly in the first quarter of the year with business holding up much better than in the first Covid-19 lockdown.
"Worries persist though, especially in relation to near-record supply chain delays, a continued fall in exports and sharply rising prices, all of which are making life difficult for many companies," Williamson said.
Categories: Business


text:
Home / Noel Gallagher / Blast From The Past: Noel Gallagher
Blast From The Past: Noel Gallagher
Wednesday, July 14, 2021 Noel Gallagher
On July 14th 2012 Noel Gallagher's High Flying Birds played at the FIB Benicàssim in Benicassim, Spain.
Watch highlights from the gig below.
On July 14th 2015 Noel Gallagher's High Flying Birds played at The Marquee in Cork, Ireland.
Watch a number of videos from the gig below.
On July 14th 2016 Noel Gallagher's High Flying Birds played at the Mount Currie Festival Grounds in Pemberton, Canada.
On July 14th 2018 Noel Gallagher's High Flying Birds played at the Bilbao BBK Live in Bilbao, Spain.
Blast From The Past: Noel Gallagher Reviewed by stopcryingyourheartout.com on Wednesday, July 14, 2021 Rating: 5


In both browsers all four attributes are available on the jQuery Event object. But layerX/layerY is only filled in Firefox and offsetX/offsetY only in in IE. So I have to consider the browser to find out which attribute to use to find the relative click position within the target.
Please provide a working testcase. Thank you!
This should be re-opened. At least one of these coordinate sets (either layer or offset) needs to be added to the normalized list. As is, there is no normalized equivalent for this frame of reference.


Educational Qualification: Graduate preferably from biology stream and in case the candidate with desired qualification is not available, a graduate with science in class Xll shall be considered. Experience candidates in health related programme shall be given preference. The candidates should have a valid two wheeler driving licence.
Age Limit: Minimum 21 years and Maximum 35 years.


As clouds amass overhead and rain starts to pour, ten little woodland animals hurry to find shelter. Count from one to ten as Bird, Mouse, Squirrel, and their friends run for cover in a cozy hollow. The animals are all safe for the night, but who else is hiding in the cave with them? They'll find out in the morning—and readers can count from ten to one as the animals scurry out of the hollow and into a big, beautiful day.
Ages 2-8 years, 32 pages.


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Mayor Eric Adams Appoints New Members To New York City Districting Commission
New York City Mayor Eric Adams today announced seven mayoral appointees to the New York City Districting Commission. The commission — comprised of seven members appointed by the mayor and eight members appointed by the City Council — will be tasked with redrawing council district boundaries in advance of the upcoming City Council elections in 2023.
"An independent, impartial redistricting process is critical to a healthy democracy," said Mayor Adams. "This impressive array of public servants will serve the city well and truly reflect New York's growing diversity. I thank them for answering the call to service and working to 'Get Stuff Done' for New Yorkers."
The City Charter requires the City Council and the mayor to appoint an independent Districting Commission every 10 years, following the decennial census.
The process ensures council districts continue to reflect population and demographic changes.
After the commission is constituted, commission members and their staff will begin meeting to review all relevant laws, regulations, and the most recent census data.
After a series of public hearings and meetings, the commission will develop a final plan, which must be submitted to the City Council by the end of the year.
Mayor Adams' appointees are
Hon. Marilyn D. Go
Marilyn D. Go served as a federal magistrate judge for the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York from 1993 to 2019. She previously worked as an assistant U.S. attorney in the Civil Division of the Eastern District of New York from 1978 to 1982.
She then joined the law firm Baden Kramer Huffman Brodsky & Go, where she became a partner in 1984. Go began her career as a clerk for Court of Common Pleas Judge William Marutani
Maria Mateo, Esq.
Maria Mateo, Esq. is a solo practitioner based in Queens, New York. She founded her firm in 2011. Previously, Mateo worked at the Immigration Tenant Advocacy Project in 2010 and Sanctuary for Families in 2009.
Before that, she worked in the Department of Domestic Violence at the Queens District Attorney's Office. Prior, Mateo worked for the Presidency of the Dominican Republic as a bilingual attorney. She belongs to several organizations, including the Latino Lawyers Association.
Joshua Schneps
Joshua Schneps is the CEO and publisher of Schneps Media — a family-run business — which publishes dozens of local newspapers, magazines, and local websites in New York City, Long Island, and Westchester.
Previously, Schneps was a sales representative with the Forum Courier, a Queens-based local newspaper publisher. He earned a B.S. from Indiana University.
Lisa Sorin
Lisa Sorin serves as president of the New Bronx Chamber of Commerce. Previously, Sorkin was executive director of the Westchester Square District Management Association.
Prior to that, she was head of LAS Consulting Services, Inc. Sorkin holds a B.A. and an M.S. in Business Leadership from Concordia College.
Msgr. Kevin Sullivan
Monsignor Kevin Sullivan is executive director of Catholic Charities of the Archdiocese of New York. He previously served as chair of the 9/11 United Services Group, co-founded the Washington Heights-Inwood Coalition and the Northern Manhattan Improvement Corporation, and served as co-chair of the Partnership for the homeless. Before that, Monsignor Sullivan was a parish priest at St. Elizabeth's Church.
Dennis M. Walcott
Dennis M. Walcott has served as president and CEO of Queens Public Library since 2016. Prior to that, Walcott served as the state-appointed monitor of the East Ramapo School District.
In 2014, he was named an Honorary Distinguished Fellow at the University of the West Indies and he has been an adjunct professor at Fordham University's graduate program, The Fordham Center for Nonprofit Leaders.
Walcott previously served as chancellor of the New York City Department of Education.
Prior to his appointment as chancellor, he served as deputy mayor for education and community development.
Kai-Ki Wong
Kai-Ki Wong is a career civil servant who, most recently, served as assistant chief plan examiner at the New York City Department of Buildings (DOB).
Before that, he was a plan examiner for DOB. He holds a B.A. and an M.A. in Architecture from Ecole Speciale d'Architecture.
Find more New York City Districting Commission information here.
Mayor Adams, TLC, Senator Schumer Celebrates $350 Million In Debt Relief
Op-Ed: Liability Bill Will Undermine Hochul's Vision For The Future
New York City, politicsEric Adams, New York City


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Real eyes realize real lies, so I'll just lay it out. Going to the dentist is a REALLY personal experience. And it's scary for most people. I feel you.
Which is why you should 100% know who your dentist is, both professionally and personally, and know what makes his or her practice not just different from others in the industry – but a unique, personal experience for you and the fam to dig and look forward to. Or at the very least, we'll make sure your dental anxiety is alleviated.
So, this is how we represent on the daily; four things that make Lineberger Dentistry, well…Lineberger Dentistry.
We've designed an unforgettable vibe.
We're in a relationship. There. I said it.
I cherish the relationships I form with my patients. I've met so many cool people and families through dentistry, many of whom I hang out with personally. They're friends. They're family. I want every person who walks through our doors to feel as close as family. It's THE integral part of our practice philosophy that I'm not sure I could do without, or would want to for that matter.
We stand for the 704.
I love being a proactive stand for this community – whether that's the Elizabeth neighborhood or Charlotte as a whole.
I think it's dope to be able to see patients out and about, get to know them personally, and I love to support or sponsor local events or organizations that are critical to Charlotte's growth.
I am the guy you see on #socialmedia.
As my boy Drake wisely states, "Know Yourself". This whole process has allowed me to sit back, and create something that reflects who I am personally and become something I can be proud of, and it's been flames – I'm the voice and vision behind all Lineberger Dentistry social media, and take pride in what I put out there.
I've been able to connect with some amazing people through Charlotte's social media scene – Instagram, in particular. It's a simple, fun (not to mention it's free) way for potential patients/friends to get to know me on a more personal level, as well as a dentist. What a time to be alive. My IG is all me.
Get to know us here. Then, hit us up to say yo or to schedule an appointment.