Affordable and attractive, these Suede Leather Equitation Chaps from Tough-1® are perfect for the show arena.
Premium quality suede leather. Material may vary slightly for each individual pair, due to it's leather material.
Note: Due to manufacturing, the zipper may vary in color (Gold or Silver) for each individual pair.
The legs looked nice. The buckle part was not made as nice as the rest. I did send them back, as they were too small.
Fit great and nice quality for the price. Just wish the front buckle was a little nicer. Would purchase again.
Beautiful chaps, perfect fit other than the top waist. It hangs a bit low due to the leather is too weak to tighten at the belt. I would recommend a heavy leather piece to snug them to stay up around waist line.
Really good for the money.
I thought these were surprisingly good. My barn mate had just been to the Congress and ordered a pair of custom chaps. Ours came on the same day. Mine fit just as well. His had a nicer concho... that's about all I could tell that the extra $250 got him. I ordered the large and it fits me very well. I don't even bother to unzip them. Just pull them on slowly over a close fitting pair of riding breeches of the same color, buckle the front and go. Although he is short, so maybe the Tough 1's are more for average height people. I'm 5'7". Weigh around 168. Don't know yet how they'll hold up.
The suede was super soft and lightweight, but as some others have said, the fit was odd. The waist was generously sized, but the legs not, especially at the calf where they tapered narrower. I first ordered the size I usually need, an xs, and I thought I may need to punch an extra hole to tighten the waist just a bit, but thighs were a perfect slightly snug fit over pants. The calf however was a struggle to zip in my bare feet, would not at all over boots. Had to send them back for a small which are almost loose in the thigh, but will work, would fortunately go over my boots, but I will have to adjust the waist a lot in the back and front, and I am not oddly shaped—in between a slim and regular in most things such as English boots. If you are at the bigger thigh measurement listed in the chart for a particular size, go up to save yourself return shipping, and be sure you have a leather punch. Oh, and sand is more of an off-white than the tan in pic, while brown is a rich chocolate.
loved the chaps. They fit perfect and are great quality for the price.
I order the size it suggested but they were three sizes to small.
These chaps are much nicer than I expected for what I paid. Heavyweight, good quality suede leather. Fit well.
Great chaps at a great price. They are good quality, soft, and fit was perfect.
Perfect fit and great quality!! Adjusted the back by adding 2 more holes. The XS fit my daughter perfectly! Looks great with her boots and saddle. Definitely would recommend this.
I purchased the Chaps, in hopes of Getting an Jacket to match, But when ordering the jacket and Chaps, of - course the Jacket came in Brown, and the Chaps in Tan, LOL, so I still don't match, The Chaps are real nice, though, If you are not trying to match any other part of an outfit,LOL ""
Ok they are nice, however I am a truly American made girl. I am 5'5" 140#. I usually wear a small in everything. I went one size larger and I though they would be a perfect to near perfect fit. The thighs are so tight!!! I have difficulty zipping them up. I'm thinking about taking them to a leather person to have them adjust the size for the thigh. The length is perfect. They look great on if I can get them zipped. If I would have known that they were made in India I might have thought twice about buying them.
Great chaps for someone starting off showing! Worked really well for IHSA, and fit great!
I haven't shown in these yet the quality is cheap but so was the price so I wasn't expecting much. They are VERY thin and I would say they won't last long but I believe they will work for the time being. Good starter chaps. I ordered the lighter color and it's ok not quite what I was expecting it had more of a yellow tint vs the tan in the picture.
Beautiful chaps at a great price but fit isn't great.
Unfortunately, they are a little big in the waist and tight around the calf making it hard to zip them down over boots. My daughter is tall and thin (just under 100 pounds at 5'4") so she is able to wear a small on the tightest hole, but the calf is very tight. Length is good, overall she is very happy with them.
Very happy with shipping time and product. Would order from company again!
I am 5' 3" and 110 lbs. I ordered the XS and they fit pretty true to size. However, you must wear something thin under these or they were too snug. They're almost too short in the length, too. I would have liked them to be a little bit longer. I didn't send them back for the small, but if you're any bigger than my size, I recommend ordering up.
Bought these chaps for my 13yrs old daughter.xsmall . The size is a little big but thats find because she is growing. She showed in them this past weekend and loved them. I'm sure we will get a couple more yrs out of them..Great buy!!
This is a good product. However i am only 5'2" and it is a little long because i had to order a larger size because of my waist and hip size.
I think these are pretty decent quality for an excellent price. I'm 5'9 and a woman's size 12. I ordered a large and they were to tight through the thighs, and an XL fit good.
I bought these chaps to show in my reining classes. Well, when they arrived I couldn't believe the quality and fit. I am 5'5" and 125 lbs and I ordered a small. They fit perfect.
Bad fit. For the price, the quality of the leather was acceptable, the zippers are of a good quality, and the length is great. Although the concho is made of plastic, it can be replaced with something more substantial. The overall fit is sloppy, though. There are odd gaps at the top of the legs and not enough leather to make it the chaps come up high enough to buckle. I am 5'4" so I'm thinking these must be based on a kids' measurement.
They ran tighter than the measurement. I had to return them. For the price the leather and construction was good. They are a thick and stiff chap which would require some breaking in.
We purchased these chaps for my son, he is just starting out showing in Western Equitation. The price was great and the quality was great too.
We loved the look and feel of the chaps but the run very small. We will be returning our small size for a medium pair!
Purchased for client that was going to his first AQHA show. Chaps fit true to size and for the price they worked!
About the quality you would expect for the price. Little tighter in the thighs than I expected but with a little wear should stretch perfectly. If your looking for a set of chaps for open shows this is a great deal for a starter set. The back concho was slightly rusted when I received it and took some extra work to unscrew initially. If you need something fairly sturdy I would recommend replacing that concho. It is very cheap and flimsy.
The chaps are made of heavy weight nice material but the belt is held together in the back by a small clasp that surely will break. Just bad design, wished they just made the belt solid leather all the way around instead of making it in two pieces that uses a small metal clasp to hold it together in the back. The front clasp is fine, just no reason to weaken the integrity with this gimmick in the back.
I was so impressed about these chaps! They were good quality and a good price! I got them for my boyfriend to wear to a Halloween party and to use while riding his horses!
fit is excellent, but snug in the thighs. Size chart is accurate though. suede, like any leather will conform to wearer with time and use. I wear 30/32 jeans. waist is perfect, using 2nd to smallest hole. length is spot on.
I got these and they are bigger than the size chart recommended. The fringe is also very fragile. The price is fair so the might've been good for local shows but not what I was looking for.
They are not bad quality chaps for money but for a size 30 waist in ladies I bought the large. They gap huge in the waist and barely zip around a bare calf. I doubt they would fit with jeans and still I need them hemmed and a dart put in the waist. Not a money saver. Regardless of quality they don't fit.
Poor sizing. Only a partial refund. Will never do business with you again and will spread the word.
Have had these about 2 months now. Husband wore them to three shows. He's 5'9", 190lbs, 36" waist, 30" inseam. He purchased the large. They are a perfect size for him. They could have easily gone on a larger waisted person but not much taller than maybe 5'11". He wears them over his wranglers. Zipper is strong and well made, but it was a bit stiff so we ran zipper wax over them and now they are perfect. We did have an issue with the snap that holds the buckle to the waist. It was broken off when we opened the package. It was easy enough to press both ends of the "grommet" back together with pliers to put the buckle back.
I was not expecting high quality in this price range. I was not disappointed. The quality is awful. Very dry feeling leather.I was not expecting them to be so poorly made that the fringe fell off even when gently handled. The zippers did work better than expected but not well enough to keep these chaps. I have 20 year old chaps in better condition. Much lighter in color than shown as well.They definitely run small so order a size up if you decide to gamble on these. I am returning mine.
I ordered the dark brown and the quality is fine. But I wonder if the people who make these know you wear jeans and boots under them? I can barely get them zipped over super tight jeans and there is no way I could ride in them right now.The size 14 regular Wrangler Aura jeans I ordered at the same time are roomy in the legs so a large should easily fit. I definitely should have ordered the extra large and hoped they were larger all over. Keep this in mind if you order - and if you wear an extra large and can't order a larger size (because x-large is the largest size available), unless you have very thin legs they probably won't fit.
I bought these chaps just to school in and they are great. I was worried when I read reviews about them running small. I am 5'3 and weigh 97 lbs (size 0 or 00 in pants) and the waist is still HUGE on me. The legs fit tighter but they are great for me. I ordered an XS. I would definitely recommend these!
Just getting back into local shows after many years away. Chaps are great quality for the price but they do run small. Returning the medium for a large and I'm a woman who wears a size 10 in jeans.
Looking for decent pair of chaps that wouldn't break the bank.
Style and the very reasonable price.
I purchased 2 pair of brown ones a few months ago and really like them so I ordered a black pair.
I needed a second pair of chaps in a different color for upcoming shows, hoping these will fit the bill.
Price was right. Customers that had purchased had good comments on the product.
Have been wanting chaps for some time.
My daughter needed reasonably priced show chaps.
Overall good reviews from people who have bought these chaps.
Need schooling chaps for weekly riding.
Need this for a fair competition.
I chose these chaps because of the great reviews and the price. I think they will look great in the show ring.
Did not like the fit or look of these chaps. I am of normal size. I am a 9/10, so I think they should have fit and looked better. Just not right for me.
Price and comment that the quality was good and they have a roomy waist but fit around the legs well. We'll see.
Cheap dry leather. Poorly made. Returned.
they look great on my wife!
Well described product with excellent reviews from prior purchasers.
The only reasonable source for these.
Needed chaps and did not want to spend a great deal of money.
Reviews that are listed helped me know what size to order. That is why I picked this merchant.
they cover the boot .
you offered more sizes that were "true" sizes.
How do you size these types of chaps? There is no sizing chart?
BEST ANSWER: Well, my twelve yr old was too tall for the kids XL, so I got her the woman's XS and I'm no petite flower, so I went for the XL myself. Had to take in the waist a little, but otherwise, that's about how I did it. Hope it helps. Stateline is pretty good about returns though if it doesn't.
I may have found a sizing chart somewhere else online. I has read these chaps are small, order larger. I think I ordered a large. They snugly fit my calves, I have some room in the thigh, the waist is huge (and that's really saying something because I'm apple shaped with small hips.)I have to say, I'll definitely buy another pair. They were ALOT nicer than I expected.
I looked at the sizing chart of other tough-1 chaps and based it off that. I also tried on a few different types of chaps at differeng horse shows to figure out my size.
If you scroll down the page of the chaps you will find a product summary. To the right of the product summary is a link to the tough-1 sizing chart. Hope that helps.
if i have a 32 inch inseam would the 30 inseam be long enough because everyone says they run big?
BEST ANSWER: I have a 32" inseam and the Large chaps were plenty long. In fact, they were extra long which was helpful when you got into the saddle! Hope this helps.
Can you please verify what size you are thinking about purchasing?
What size is large and extra large compare to normally?
BEST ANSWER: I bought the extra small thinking she would just be getting into the adult sizes.. I should have bought bigger, we barely got one show out of the ones we bought...did not get a second year's wear... bummed.. loved the quality though.
I wear a 5/6 x 34 jeans, and I had to order the Large because they are EXTREMELY SMALL in the thighs and calves.
Large is approx 36-38 waist.
what size would you recommend for someone with a 30" waist but a 32" inseam?
BEST ANSWER: I'm honestly not sure. As far as sizing goes, base your decision on the the hip, thigh and calf sizes. It seems to me most of their inseams would fit 30 or 32". And keep in mind, these are equitation chaps so they will hang asymmetrically to cover your boot with the inseam being the shorter of the sides. I have a 30" inseam and ride with 32" inseam jeans to cover my boots while I'm in the saddle. I wanted to be sure I covered my jeans in the show arena so I bought a 34" inseam. I should have gone with a 32". I think I ended up with maybe 3 more inches on the outside. But the quality is pretty nice and with the price I can afford to buy another pair...which I will!
These chaps are very nice but they run VERY small in the thighs and calves. I usually wear 28x34 jeans but I had to order a large to get a good fit in the legs. Had to have a leather shop adjust the waist since the strap was way too big! They are Still a great buy for the money!!
I purchased a Medium. I have about a 30" waist and a 35" inseam. I am 5'9" so the length is good and long but they are slightly baggy.
The 2nd pair I purchased were custom made from Woods. Very expensive but they fit perfectly.
My wife bought a pair and they run small and are very tight in the thigh area. My wife is a 30" waist and she ordered the large which fit but are very snug ad create some siscomfort when mounting ad dismounting her horse.
They run small and are tight in the thigh area. My wife has a 30" waist and ordered a large. They are snug fitting causing discomfort when mounting or dismounting her horse.
BEST ANSWER: Keep dirt from damaging chaps by gently brushing them clean with a soft bristle grooming brush or horsehair hat brush (don't use these brushes for anything else).
I use a seude cleaner/brush and that works great. They are thick, quality chaps. I LOVE mine!
do we need two, one for each leg?
All you have to do is buy one set both legs are attached.
No, chaps like most pants are 2legged!!
No, comes as a full set.
are the zippers on the inside or the back of the leg?
The zippers are on the outside leg seam of the chaps. The zipper is hidden by the fringe of the chaps. The are very easy to zipper up also, if you were wondering. Both my daughter and I have a pair and we really like them. Hope this helps you.
Hi Abby, The zipper is on the back of your leg not on the inside.
The zipper is behind the fringe.
are there zippers on the back or the inside of the leg?
BEST ANSWER: The zippers are located on the outside of the legs towards the back. If you look at the pic they zip right behind the fringe. For the price they are great for show chaps.
They are on the back of the leg, where the fringe is located.
Nope, just the one zipper down the outside of the leg.
What is fit on these, true to size? What is return policy?
Returns may be made within 30 days of receipt so long as items are in new, unused condition with the original product tags and packaging. Please call our Customer Care team for assistance. We are available 8AM-8PM weekdays, Eastern time at 888-809-0751, or you are welcome to email using the Customer Service link at the bottom of our web pages.
I liked the weight for Texas heat but found them snug at the top of the leg.
BEST ANSWER: I think they use generic sizing. They run tight, so go an extra size or even two.
Adult. The chaps look good and were a good price -- they have held up for 2 years now. The only problem was. When I was helping my daughter zip them up and I grabbed onto the fringe -- unfortunately I pulled out a handful! So be careful zipping them up!
They were adult size. My daughter was around 5'4"-5'5" and a bit chunky at the time.
what size for a 28" inseam?
I LOVE these chaps; however, they run EXTREMELY SMALL in the thighs and calves!! My jeans size is 5/6x34 and I had to order a Large to get them to fit. I had to have the waist strap taken up and they are long, but I don't mind the length since they help to protect my jeans and boots. Hope this helps!
When we bought these, my daughter was 12 and wore a size 9 jean. They were actually a little snug in the thigh (not enough to be uncomfortable though over her Qbaby jeans) but would have been better over show pants. So, if I were you I would get the medium to wear over jeans or the small to wear over the thinner show pant.
I have a 9 year old girl to buy chaps for, she wears a wears 8-10 children. She has long legs. What size would work for her?
These run big. I bought x-small for my granddaughter who wears size 0/1 juniors & they were too large for her.
She is 5'1 & 95 lbs. Hope this helps.
There web site has a measuring guide.
I am concerned about size. My daughter wears a size 4 in jeans or a 27. will a small fit her?
BEST ANSWER: I wear a 2-4 in pants and bought the medium. They are too big. I used them already so I can't return them. I have seen zipper inserts in riding apparel catalogs that can increase the size of chaps that are too small. They even have a stretch fabric in between the two zippers. This would allow for a snug comfortable fit and a better look. I am probably going to reorder these chaps (great deal for the price) in a small and if I need to will purchase adjustment zipper:) Hope this helps someone!
A small should fit ok. If she is growing I would get a M. They do run small.
MY SON WEARS A SIZE 16 PANTS. WHAT SIZE CHAPS WOULD I NEED?
BEST ANSWER: Probably an XXL....i wear a size 14 jeans and I couldn't find a size to fit me.
what is the difference between Equitation Chaps and regular chaps? What makes them "equitation chaps"?
BEST ANSWER: You will typically find that you can get batwing chaps which buckle at the thigh only and are loose at the rest of the leg or equitation chaps that have a zipper at the back going all the way down the leg. Equitation chaps also tend to be cut at an angle and hang past the heel of the boot when ridding.
I am 5'10' and 175 lbs...What size chaps should i get?
BEST ANSWER: Measurements for sizes are not related to your height and weight. Please click on the size chart under product summary to determine the appropriate size.
I am 5'2" and weigh 140 lbs. I got a medium and they fit tight on my thighs but fine for showing.
would these be good for trail riding or some ranch work?
Yes. However, definitely go a size larger than you typically would.
BEST ANSWER: I haven't worn these, but I've worn similar in the past and they generally have very little stretch. There are exceptions that you can buy and add to the chaps that are stretchy if you need just a little more wiggle room.
Not at all. Very stiff and uncomfortable. The Schneider Saddlery Chaps were such better quality.
Can i use these for bull riding?
BEST ANSWER: These are equitation chaps designed for the horse show ring. They will not give you the leg mobility you will need to ride bulls. They also are not designed to take the abuse they will likely receive in the rodeo ring. Finally, because they are show chaps, they are designed to be longer than the boot (notice how they hang past the heel) and would not be safe for motorcycle riding either.
Are these adult or youth?
BEST ANSWER: They are adult sizes.
I am a size 16 womens jeans will the XL be big enough?
BEST ANSWER: I'm not sure as I was buying for small high school girls but I can tell you that returning and exchanging was very easy if they do not fit.
I am a 14 and they are fine in the waist, but tight in the thighs.
How long does it take them to get to my house??
how do you alter these chaps if they don't fit? If they're too long, can you cut them off? If they're too big around the waist, how do you tighten them?
BEST ANSWER: I had to expand the waist and that was easy by putting a belt extension in the back portion.
The problem is I have big legs so I found a leather smith to insert a gusset in both legs on the inside.
I don't care about the lengthleather dragging the grounddoes not bother me.
We were able to shorten them by about two or three inches with out having to do anything to the zipper. That is the only alteration we made.
Is the lightest color pictured Tan? The ad I am viewing appears to have one light brown and 2 black.
BEST ANSWER: I believe you can get these chaps in either tan (which is a fawn/camel color) or black. I have the tan chaps and use a seude cleaner/brush and it works great to clean them. These chaps are thick, quality chaps! I highly recommend them; however, just buy 2 sizes larger than you normally would as they run EXTREMELY SMALL through the thighs and calves!!
The first picture shows the sand, the second shows the black, the third shows the brown.
BEST ANSWER: I LOVE these chaps; however, they run EXTREMELY SMALL through the thighs and calves. I wear a 5/6x34 jeans, and I had to order a Large to get them to fit. I had to take up the waist strap and they are long. An XS would probably fit a 6-10 year old skinny girl!!
I wear a 30 waste and a 34 length what size do I need?
Please look over item size chart.
Are these chaps for women?
BEST ANSWER: Yes, I have purchased many pairs of these chaps for our cowgirl drill team.
I wear 38x36 jeans and I'm 6'3, what size do I need?
BEST ANSWER: Please refer to the size chart in the link below for sizing information.
I am looking at the State Line Equitation Show Chaps for my son who wears a size @32 waist x 30 to 32 inseam jean, what size chaps would you recommend? Thanks in advance for your help!


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text:
How EA turned a big win into a metropolis
Robin Johnson
06/22/2021 Editors note: Updated links. To see more recent posts, go here.
SimCity 5 sold 1.1 million copies in the first two weeks of its launch in March 2013. 50% of sales were digital downloads.
For EA, A/B testing was an integral to the release's digital success. Here is the story of how the product team at Maxis, who managed SimCity's release, used Optimizely to amplify sales.
"Optimizely helped us learn a lot about our users – what's working and what's not – so we could make changes on our site to optimize our conversion percentages. In the end, this translated to higher revenue for us."
-Mike Burk, Senior Online Product Manager, Maxis
As EA prepared to release the new version of SimCity — a launch they knew would attract significant hype — the digital marketing team managing the campaign worked on ways to optimize the SimCity microsite where visitors would purchase or download the game.
The Maxis digital marketing team opted to extend a promotional offer in order to drive more pre-orders of the game on SimCity.com. The offer was displayed as a banner across the top of the pre-order page and as part of the ad creative in paid media buys. This prominent placement put the promotion in front of many potential buyers, but according to the Maxis team, was not driving the increase in SimCity pre-orders they had expected.
While many site visitors were seeing the promotional banner, it's large size moved the actual call-to-action button down on the page.
The Maxis team hypothesized that simply moving the call-to-action higher on the page by changing the way the promotional offer was displayed could drive more purchases and increase revenue generated from SimCity.com.
The Maxis team set up an A/B test pitting the original SimCity pre-order landing page against several variations that displayed the promotional offer in different ways. Each variation corresponded with a hypothesis the team had set beforehand regarding placement, color, and display of the promotional offer. One variation removed the promotional offer from the page altogether.
After building each variation in Optimizely's visual editor, the team set their experiment goal — clicks on the "Pre-Order" button — to track purchases generated from the test. They allocated 100% of site traffic to the experiment in order to find an optimized solution as quickly as possible during the high-traffic SimCity launch period.
The Maxis digital marketing team quickly discovered shocking results – the variation with no offer messaging whatsoever drove 43.4% more purchases.
"We found that the variations with the promotional offer actually performed worse than just a clean version of the page. This was really surprising to us, but it had a pretty significant impact," Burk said.
Now knowing that the promo banner actually hurt conversions, the Maxis product team decided to apply this information across a larger scope. A follow-up test on EA's paid media creatives that mirrored the initial test (removing promotional text from each ad) also increased conversions from highly-qualified ad traffic.
Question assumptions. An A/B testing tool provides real, actionable data to help you better understand how your web properties are performing. Even if think you've optimized your site, test it out. In EA's case, the common belief was that promotional offers drive more purchases — this turned out to be false. Testing gave them the information needed to maximize revenue in a way that would not have been otherwise possible.
Apply lessons across channels. Testing arms you with information that can increase conversions beyond just your website. EA applied the lessons from the experiment on the SimCity pre-order page to their paid advertising campaigns, yielding exponential results.
Turns out people just wanted to buy the game, no extra promo incentive necessary.
Find out how Optimizely's split testing tool can increase conversions on your website.
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Optimizing the Future: CEO Interview
Why is the function of marketing team changing, and how can companies compete with digital natives like Facebook and Amazon? Alex Atzberger shares his thoughts.
The complete guide to big data analysis in travel
Discover how big data analysis in the travel industry can improve revenue management, targeted marketing, reputation management, social media management and more.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
US House Democrats Struggle over Rebuke to Lawmaker for Israel Comments
Democrats in the U.S. House of Representatives are struggling to decide how or whether to rebuke a new Democratic lawmaker, a Somali-American Muslim who has criticized Israel in ways that many find offensive.
The House could vote Thursday on a resolution that condemns both Islamophobia and anti-Semitism, a statement that at first was clearly aimed at Congresswoman Ilhan Omar, one of two Muslim women who were elected to the 435-member House last November and took office in early January, but does not name her.
But the debate over the resolution about the 37-year-old lawmaker from the midwestern state of Minnesota has evolved into questions into over whether the statement was needed at all, whether she as a Muslim, a distinct religious minority in the U.S., was being unfairly singled out or whether her remarks about Israel needed to be disavowed since the House had already recently adopted a statement condemning anti-Semitism.
Omar has incensed many fellow Democrats for her comments calling into question long-held U.S. support for the Jewish state that has been a bedrock belief of Republican and Democratic lawmakers alike since the country's inception in 1948. Numerous Democrats, with a few exceptions, say her comments are anti-Semitic and have condemned them as well beyond the realm of normal political debate in the U.S.
While the majority Democrats in the House struggled to offer a response to the controversy, President Donald Trump chided them.
"It is shameful that House Democrats won't take a stronger stand against Anti-Semitism in their conference," Trump said Wednesday on Twitter. "Anti-Semitism has fueled atrocities throughout history and it's inconceivable they will not act to condemn it!"
Omar set off the discussion last weekend by referring to pro-Israel advocates in the U.S. as supporting "allegiance to a foreign country." Omar previously had drawn the ire of top Democratic lawmakers and Republicans for questioning the financial clout of the American Israel Public Affairs Committee, a highly influential lobby in the U.S. supporting Israel.
"It's all about the Benjamins baby," Omar tweeted, referring to pictures of Benjamin Franklin, a U.S. Founding Father whose picture is on $100 bills. She apologized and joined in voting for an earlier resolution condemning anti-Semitism.
AIPAC does not make campaign contributions to U.S. lawmakers, but many of its members individually do.
In one version of the resolution rebuking her said the "myth of dual loyalty … has been used to marginalize and persecute the Jewish people for centuries for being a stateless people."
The statement said that "accusing Jews of dual loyalty because they support Israel, whether out of a religious connection, a commitment to Jewish self-determination after millennia of persecution, or an appreciation for shared values and interests, suggests that Jews cannot be patriotic Americans and trusted neighbors, when Jews have served our nation since its founding, whether in public life or military service."
Citing past hate attacks on Jews in the U.S., including last October's killing of 11 Jews inside a synagogue in Pittsburgh, the resolution said the House "recognizes the dangerous consequences of perpetuating anti-Semitic stereotypes and rejects anti-Semitism as hateful expressions of intolerance that are contradictory to the values that define the people of the United States."
Nearly a dozen pro-Israel groups called for House Speaker Nancy Pelosi to oust Omar from membership on the House Foreign Affairs Committee, but top Democrats in the House leadership have stopped short of that action.
Jonathan Greenblatt, the chief executive of the Anti-Defamation League, called on the House to reject what it said was Omar's "latest slur."
One Jewish lawmaker, Democratic Congresswoman Nita Lowey of New York, demanded Omar apologize for her comments referring to American Jews' supposed "allegiance to a foreign country."
"No member of Congress is asked to swear allegiance to another country," Lowey said. "Throughout history, Jews have been accused of dual loyalty, leading to discrimination and violence, which is why these accusations are so hurtful."
Omar replied, "Our democracy is built on debate, Congresswoman! I have not mischaracterized our relationship with Israel, I have questioned it and that has been clear from my end."
Not all Democrats have condemned Omar's comments, with at least two other new House lawmakers, progressive Democrats Rashida Tlaib of Michigan, the first Palestinian-American congresswoman, and New York's Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, coming to her defense.
Others questioned why Omar should be singled out when Trump refused initially to condemn anti-Semitic hate speech at a 2017 white nationalists' rally in Virginia, saying there "fine people" on both sides.
Tlaib said Omar had been "targeted just like many civil rights icons before us who spoke out about oppressive policies."
But as the resolution was being debated among the Democratic majority in the House, language was added to also condemn anti-Muslim bias.
One Democratic leader, Congressman Steny Hoyer, said, "The sentiment is that it ought to be broad-based. What we're against is hate, prejudice, bigotry, white supremacy, Islamophobia and anti-Semitism."
Photo "Ilhan Omar" by Ilhan Omar.
News, Uncategorizedanti-Semitism, Democrats, Ilhan Omar
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2 Thoughts to "US House Democrats Struggle over Rebuke to Lawmaker for Israel Comments"
Must respect the law everywhere, Because the one who gives the right to freedom and helps to stop crime.
These politics things make me crazy, I don't know what is the governments doing because there are s lot of actions opposite to words they have said.


text:
'I still think Gwen is incredible'
The Voice UK's new judge Gavin Rossdale opens up about his 'worst days' following his split from Gwen Stefani and the pressure he's under from his kids to find love again
From his painful divorce to co-parenting and those cheating rumours, The Voice UK judge Gavin bares his soul and reveals he's loving every moment of his 'rebirth'
By NATALIE EDWARDS
22 Jan 2017, 0:15
LESS than five minutes into our chat, Gavin Rossdale is proudly showing off pictures of his children.
"I have to show you these," he beams.
After a difficult 18 months, Gavin Rossdale can see the light at the end of the tunnelCredit: Fabulous
"The best thing about my children is that they're really cool, interesting, sweet and kind."
It's not what we were expecting at all from the notoriously private rock star, who is perhaps most famous for his marriage to – and subsequent split from – No Doubt singer and all-out style queen Gwen Stefani, 47.
The pair, who have three children together, Kingston James McGregor, 10, eight-year-old Zuma Nesta Rock and Apollo Bowie Flynn, nearly three, shocked the showbiz world when they split in August 2015 after 20 years together.
Gavin and Gwen Stefani's divorce after 20 years together shook the showbiz worldCredit: WENN
Gwen filed for divorce on the grounds of "irreconcilable differences" amid allegations Gavin had a three-year affair with the couple's nanny.
It's understandably been a difficult period of adjustment, and one that Gavin has not spoken candidly about before now.
"[Divorce] was completely opposite to what I wanted. Really not…" he sighs and stares at the floor.
"But here we are.
"Apart from death, I think divorce is one of the hardest, most painful things to go through."
One thing that has kept his spirits up is landing a coveted judging role on ITV's The Voice UK alongside Sir Tom Jones, Will.i.am and Jennifer Hudson.
Another is undoubtedly his children.
You get the feeling they've helped the 51 year old – who is also father to model Daisy Lowe, 27, after an affair in the late 1980s with her mum Pearl, who was married at the time – see the light at the end of the tunnel.
"The one thing – the only good thing, because everything else is not good – is we care about the children and it's about them. So we do everything to make this life change as seamless as possible."
Gavin landed a job as a coach on ITV's The Voice this yearCredit: ITV
Gavin and Gwen met in 1995 when No Doubt were on tour supporting Gavin's alternative rock band Bush – famous for their Billboard No.1 album Razorblade Suitcase.
They married in September 2002 at St Paul's Church in Covent Garden, London, where Gwen wore a custom-made white and pink ombré Christian Dior dress designed by her friend John Galliano.
Two weeks later, they had a second wedding in LA, attended by A-list pals including Brad Pitt, Jennifer Aniston and Ben Stiller.
So 18 months after the breakdown of their 13-year marriage, is Gavin ready to date again?
"I've so much going on, that's not a factor right now," he says, shaking his head.
The same cannot be said of Gwen, who has moved on with American country singer Blake Shelton – her co-judge on The Voice in the US.
Their romance is constantly at the centre of engagement and pregnancy rumours.
Gavin says Gwen's happiness has meant he is under pressure from his sons to find love himself.
"They want me to get a girlfriend and examine me if a name pops up on a text," he laughs.
"I think Kingston is going to be in the CID when he grows up.
"They obviously see a complete set-up with their other home, and it's really busy [with] all the family.
Gavin reveals the children from his marriage to Gwen, Kingston James McGregor, 10, Zuma Nesta Rock, eight, and Apollo Bowie Flynn, nearly three, want him to get a new girlfriendCredit: Fabulous
"When they come to me – unlucky, it's just me! I always feel a bit like: 'Sorry about that.' So we have a lot of play dates and the [other] parents come round and have big dinners.
"Zuma is really into dressing up and we have a lot of capes, which he wears all the time. To him, it's Halloween his [whole] life. I really try and make every day festive and fun for them."
When they were together, the couple kept their relationship out of the spotlight as much as possible and – unlike some other celebrity couples – they are trying to do the same with their divorce for the sake of the boys.
"It was shocking for everyone. For me, it was about being solid for them, and silent but respectful of Gwen. That's what I'll be forever. Those days were the worst days ever. It's all a bit of a blur.
"You have to try and be as compassionate as possible. It was weird because I had to go and make a home from scratch that could compare to the great one they already have.
"That was the challenge for me as a dad."
The couple share joint access of the children, with Gwen remaining in LA, and Gavin moving to nearby Studio City.
Gavin and Gwen were married for 13 years and split amid rumours Gavin was having an affair with their nanny, Mindy MannCredit: Getty Images
Now back on his home turf for a stint on The Voice UK, Gavin plans to fly back and forth, depending on work commitments.
It's clear that he's determined to make sure his boys come through the split as unaffected as they possibly can be. And it's not hard to understand why.
Gavin's own parents – Douglas, a doctor, and Barbara – divorced when he was 11 years old.
He and his sisters Lorraine and Soraya were raised by their dad, while their mum remarried and moved to Florida.
"The one thing I took from that was that kids spell love as T-I-M-E.
"They're a bit feral around me and like jumping off the balcony on to the big white sofa, flying around with Nerf guns and having pillow fights.
"My favourite thing is when they go round to other people's houses and I'm told they're so polite with their pleases and thank yous.
"They are like new and improved versions of me. When a grown man pours them water [at a restaurant], I'm really insistent they look into his eyes and say thank you. I don't want them to take it for granted."
Despite his years in LA, Gavin wants his sons to grow up appreciating their British heritage.
"I'm very proud of being British, so found it really easy to maintain who I am," he says.
"We were always going to have our kids in England, but as soon as a girl gets pregnant every decision is hers. She wanted to be in America with her doctors and her mum. That's the only reason really [we lived in America].
Gavin and Gwen had three children together and are based in the States - but he's happy to be back on home turf for his stint on The Voice UKCredit: Splash
"[My children] have such a different life [compared to me growing up]. With their mum they live behind two gates."
When Gavin got his role on The Voice UK, Gwen immediately congratulated him.
"What's weird is that for the last year and nine months, I have always adapted to The Voice in the US and submitted [my] schedule [to Gwen].
"So the irony of all ironies is that she wrote to me and said: 'Congratulations on getting The Voice, you must be so excited,' and
I said: 'Thank you so much. I'm mainly stressed about the schedule with the boys. Thank you in advance for [your] rough schedule'.
"The tables have turned a bit. You have to be really adaptable and helpful to co-parent."
It's hard not to feel for Gavin. He's softly spoken, charming and comes across as endearingly vulnerable.
But there are many who would lay the blame for the split from Gwen squarely at his feet.
Rumours have abounded that he had an affair with the couple's full-time nanny, 20-something Mindy Mann, which carried on even while Gwen was pregnant with Apollo.
If the rumours are true, then it certainly appears that Gavin – who no longer employs a nanny – is remorseful.
Gavin is open about his regrets and says it's 'human' to sometimes wish you had done things differentlyCredit: Fabulous
So with the power of hindsight, does he wish he'd behaved differently?
"I mean, obviously. I know we all wish that, but we can't, so I have to deal with reality. You can't not have regrets and be human at the same time.
"There are lots of scenarios [I'd like to change]. I'd like to have had 10 No.1s in England, but unfortunately I can't rewrite my career.
"We had 20 years together and that in itself is pretty incredible. It's a lifetime. I still think she's incredible. It was a lovely 20 years and we have three amazing children. There were a lot of positives, and with time they'll become more and more obvious."
Someone who has been there every difficult step of the way has been Gavin's eldest child Daisy.
"The unconditional love she shows me is so powerful," he smiles.
"It's one of the greatest gifts and I'm grateful for her every day.
"Her support has been incredible through all of this. She's so perceptive and smart and knew I was vulnerable."
It's a remarkable place for the father and daughter to be in, considering their troubled history.
Daisy was just 15 years old when she realised that she didn't share a blood type with either her mum or her mum's ex husband Bronner Handwerger, who she believed to be her father.
Pearl confessed she suspected that Gavin, who was Daisy's godfather, might actually be her dad.
This led to a DNA test, and although Gavin initially refused to cooperate, it was later proved that he was Daisy's biological father. Gavin has since cut ties with Daisy's mum Pearl.
"Daisy and I have worked hard on [our relationship]. I try and be the best I can for her and keep in constant contact.
Despite a turbulent start to their relationship, Gavin and his daughter Daisy Lowe are close now and he credits her for helping him get through a tough timeCredit: Instagram
"I often think that it could have gone the other way, and she could have been a very difficult person."
But one relationship Gavin is not up for discussing is his affair with cross-dressing singer Marilyn, 54, back in the 1980s.
Former mutual pal Boy George revealed the relationship in his 1995 memoir Take It Like A Man. Gavin responded by insisting they were "just friends", until he admitted to the affair in a 2010 interview and described it as "experimentation."
Today, Gavin's eyes open wide when asked about it and he scrambles to find the words to respond.
"I don't know anything about that. I don't… I was 17. I don't even know, it's like, like 30 years ago, I have no idea… It was so confusing to me… like, I just don't get it."
We quickly move on to easier subjects.
Mainly his new gig on The Voice UK – which launched earlier this month on ITV after the channel paid £355million to poach it from the BBC – and which has seen him form a bromance with Tom Jones, 76.
"I've bonded with Tom so much. It feels very paternal, and he respects the fact that I'm a professional," Gavin says.
"I'm really competitive and like a challenge. I have [found] a superstar and five other people who are all really close."
However, he confesses that before joining the show he didn't know too much about it.
"I used to watch the bits of Gwen [on the US version] and then fast-forward," he admits.
Gavin says he and co-judge Tom Jones have developed a real 'bromance'Credit: Fabulous
#TEAMGAVIN
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"I helped mentor Gwen's team [in 2014] and didn't realise how emotionally invested you get with the contestants. That's what made my decision, along with the obvious exposure and opportunities that would come with it.
"I'm grateful for my rebirth and, for most people, my introduction. I'm a realist and know that I've been reduced to three sentences: being in America, ex husband of Gwen and seen with his kids a lot."
Gavin is doing himself a bit of a disservice.
After leaving Westminster School aged 17, he created his first band Midnight before going on to form Bush.
While the rock band only achieved marginal success in the UK, it was a different story in the US.
Their debut album Sixteen Stone was certified as six times multi-platinum and they went on to sell 20 million records.
"I achieved the level of success in England that [equalled] bands I was inspired by, including the Pixies and The Smiths, such as playing five nights at Brixton Academy.
"I never liked how my success elsewhere was shoved down everybody's throats."
After a difficult 18 months, things are certainly looking up for Gavin.
There's a new Bush album in the pipeline, as well as his clothing line Sea of Sound, a deal with Jay Z's Roc Nation label to write for other artists, and discussions to host a cookery show.
Earlier behind the scenes of our shoot, a topless (and very ripped) Gavin had teased: "Make me look good – I'm single!"
Somehow, we don't think he'll be lonesome for much longer.
Watch Gavin on The Voice UK, Saturdays, ITV.


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This bundle includes the Ultimate Edition of the Chronicles of Crime base game, as well as the rest of that same Kickstarter package! Both expansions – Noir and Welcome to Redview – are included! Also included are the VR glasses that were produced as part of the campaign. Visit the original Kickstarter page *here* if you'd like to see the details.
Chronicles of Crime… this is going to be fun!
David Cicurel and the team at Lucky Duck Games really have a HIT on their hands with Chronicles of Crime!!! The integration of the app with the boardgame is fantastic! And, the use of the VR glasses to explore scenes really amps up the cooperative aspect to the game; as the person exploring for clues tries to work collectively with the rest of the team! I. LOVE. IT!
Player using VR Glasses: "OK… there's a large bookcase in the back of the room… I'm going to try and see if any of the book titles might be clues."
The rest of the group: "Do you see a knife?" "No no… we need to find the groundskeepers rake!" "Wait, I thought the groundskeeper was innocent? "Are we supposed to call out clues while we're exploring an area?" "Is there a Stephen King book about a renegade clown in the bookcase?"
Player using the VR glasses: "This is SO cool! Can I always be the one to explore the rooms? Did you guys say something?"
The rest of the group: "Hurry up! You're wasting time!! We only have 30 seconds left!"
Yeah… it is awesome!
Basic game play
Straight out of the gate one of the really cool aspects to having a game that runs through an app is that there isn't a lot of teaching to do before you jump in. Set up the board and cards… play through the tutorial… and it's GAME ON!
Lay out the Scotland Yard location… arrange the forensic contacts (an assortment of standard characters in the game who are available at any time to help you investigate certain clues)… pick a case… and start exploring!
Everything in the game has a QR code that can be scanned with the app. As you progress through your investigation the different locations, informants, pieces of evidence, etc. etc. will tell you anything you need to know about game play! Most locations will allow you to explore (using the VR glasses) and search for more clues. Informants will share information (uh, of course)… and so on.
Special Items versus Evidence
The special items deck contains items that the game will specifically tell you to reveal once you've found them. These don't require any additional investigative work as the game will tell you, for example, "you found the artist's paintbrush – Item 15."
However, when you're searching through a location or crime scene, the player using the VR glasses will describe what they are seeing as the other players go through the evidence deck to see if something fits the description.
This part requires a little individual interpretation as the bits of evidence aren't specifically called out like the special items are. For example, if someone describes a bag of cement and the evidence card says "construction material" it would be spot-on to go ahead and scan the "construction material" evidence card. But if the person exploring the room sees a bicycle, it might not be appropriate to say, "OK cool! I think we've got the "office supplies" evidence card locked down!" You get the idea…
Does the game just hand you the case?
No! Although the game is designed to keep things rolling along… your investigative mettle will be key to solving the crime! As you explore the locations, talk to the informants, and reveal clues or potential evidence, you'll need to arrange the different facts in a way that helps you determine your next steps. This iterative aspect to the game is WONDERFUL and generates a lot of dialogue with the group! For me, this is an exceptionally well done choose-your-own-adventure with some really fantastic depth!! This game is SOLIDLY cooperative and engaging!! Although admittedly this is also a game I would enjoy playing solo – and that is saying something as I almost never play solo!
As the game unfolds you'll be cross-referencing locations, asking different informants or forensic contacts about objects or parts of the storyline, and re-visiting items/people discovered earlier to see if there's more information available. This aspect of the game has a very sand-box feel to it and it is really fun!!
As you locate clues (the app will confirm when this happens), you'll place them on the game board in the center of the table. Informants are placed on their locations, or if no location is indicated, they go onto the informant section of the game board. This way everything is organized and easy to find if you need to re-check anything. Type-A personalities rejoice! 😉
Once you think you have enough clues to win the game, you select "Solve the Case" and answer a series of questions using the clues you collected… Have the right clues and you solve the case. If not, it's back to the investigation!!
The expansions
The Noir expansion comes with 4 new "atmospheric" scenarios, a wonderfully imaginative 1950s Los Angeles Noir setting, and some new action card mechanisms that are designed to add even more depth to the game!!! This kit comes with 15 location boards, 30 character cards, 10 special item cards, 4 action cards… and of course… the rules 🙂 I know I alluded to this above, but it needs to be said again – The artwork in these games is fantastic and, not surprisingly, creates a wonderfully immersive experience!
The Welcome to Redview expansion comes complete with 4 new "exciting" scenarios, a new immersive 1980s small American town setting, and a new dice rolling "RPG-like" mechanism!! The box contains 15 location cards, 6 character boards, 30 character cards, 10 special item cards, 12 energy cards, 4 dice… and of course, the rule book. 😉
Both of these expansions are included with this bundle!!
The VR glasses (also included with this bundle)
You don't need the VR glasses to play the game… but they add a really great immersive experience to the exploration aspect of the game. Honestly, I've played both ways (without the VR glasses when I first demoed the game at BGG CON and with the glasses after receiving my copy)… and I REALLY enjoy having the VR glasses available! If you already own more advanced VR goggles, Lucky Duck has that covered! They added VR goggle support to the app during the Kickstarter campaign as one of the stretch goals. I can't comment on how well this works since I don't have VR goggles… but at the very least, that's a nice option.
Solo play
As you might imagine, the use of the app as such a critical piece to gameplay means that solo play is FANTASTIC!! This game has been well received by solo players and that's not surprising! Grab your VR glasses, set up the game, and solve that crime!
This is a FANTASTIC release by Lucky Duck Games! The artwork is wonderful, the app integration really adds thematic depth, and the VR glasses allow for an immersive experience as you search for clues, talk to informants, and solve the case! The game plays beautifully in team-mode or solo-play mode with no adjustments to gameplay required. The themes are seamlessly connected to game mechanics and game play.
This is an uncategorical WIN and a must-have for all you Upstarts out there!
Play Time: 60 – 90 minutes
Designer: David Cicurel
Publisher: Lucky Duck Games
SKU: LUCKY DUCK 001
$110 on Ebay (US) as separate items.
As of this listing (MARCH 2019), base
game with VR glasses – $50.
Noir and Welcome to Redview are
listing at $30 each. Some sellers
are located outside the U.S. [I only
mention this for shipping implications :)]
Link to BGG:
Noir Expansion
Welcome to Redview Expansion
SKU LUCKY DUCK 001 Category Boardgame Shop Tags Variable Player Powers, Cooperative Play, Time Track, Story Telling
Chronicles of Crime! Noir! Welcome to Redview! VR glasses from the Kickstarter!!
In the city of London, a team of forensic experts are sent out to crack the unsolvable cases. Homicides, robberies, and the unimaginable crimes will not go unpunished. Proof of evidence and motive is key to locking the suspect behind bars. Find the hidden clues in the crime scene to uncover the trail to the truth.
Mobile phone app required to play!
Chronicles of Crime requires a free app, which you can download from Apple's App Store or Google Play. You only need the app installed on one phone or tablet to play. It's impossible to play without the app (once downloaded, the app doesn't require any internet connection during gameplay). The language can be changed within application.
Once the game is set, launch the app and select the scenario and episode you want to play.
NOTE: Try the short tutorial investigation to get familiar with the game. Instructions are explained in this scenario to understand how the game works.
Scan, scan, scan!
You progress in Chronicles of Crime by scanning Locations, Characters and Evidence Category cards. When the scan window is displayed, point at any QR Code on a card or board. Wait for the code to become green, then tap anywhere to trigger the scan.
As you work your way through the game you have a variety of options that help you in your investigation. You can:
Scan a Location card: this allows you to move to this location in the game.
Scan a Character card: this allows you to interrogate the character.
Once scanned, the character will answer questions about any other characters or evidence. To do so, simply scan these cards and the character will speak about them.
You can exit interrogation mode by pressing the "good bye" button.
Scan an Evidence Category card: allows you to pick up a clue that you have spotted. Extra details become available and, if it's important, it indicates that you should put it on the evidence board.
Scan a Forensic Contact: allows you to call your contact.
When calling your contact, every other scan will make your contact speak about the topic.
You can exit the call by pressing the "goodbye" button.
Search for Evidence
Some Locations (like crime scenes) allow you to search for Evidence. Press the "SEARCH THE SCENE" button to enter the search mode. You can either search for Evidence in 3D (to do so, place the glasses in the middle of the screen over the yellow line on the phone) or In panoramic view (select this to experience the crime scene without extra devices). This won't be an issue with your Upstart package as you'll be getting a copy of the VR glasses with your game!!
Game Ending
When you believe you have solved the case, you can give your report to your superior.
Go back to the Home location and press "SOLVE THE CASE." A series of questions will be asked. To answer them, scan the cards that support your deductions. Your score will depend on your answers and the amount of time it took for you to solve the case! Good luck team!!
11.75 × 11.75 × 5.0 in
Everdell Collector's Edition
Deja Vu: Fragments of Memory
Montana Heritage Edition (with metal coins)
Robin Hood and the Merry Men Deluxe (with metal coins)
Architects of the West Kingdom with KS promos and metal coins!
City Of Gears Founders Edition (base game only)
Prehistory Kickstarter Edition
Western Legends with Fistful of Extras and Good, Bad, Handsome
Samsara Kickstarter Edition!
Luxor Collector's Edition (includes Expedition: Luxor!)
Rise of Tribes Deluxe
Ultra Tiny Epic Kingdoms


text:
Full-text access for editors
CONTEST'ing Chicago origins and reflections: lest we forget!
by Sarah Jane Fox
International Journal of Private Law (IJPL), Vol. 8, No. 1, 2015
Abstract: This year marks the 70th anniversary of the Chicago Convention; recognising this, this paper focuses on the origins and incentives behind the Chicago Convention. The convention identifies the role of international civil aviation as a means to 'preserve friendship and understanding among the nations and peoples of the world'. Yet, it is acknowledged that 'its abuse can become a threat to the general security'. Commentary is given on the historical roots of air law and the challenges faced by aviation as a result of such abuse. Also considered is the continuous battle between national sovereignty, security, trade and technological developments. The paper identifies contemporary and future security threats, questioning how prepared is the industry and how much has been learnt from historical events. It is concluded that the aviation framework remains fragmented and that without further uniformity there will remain unnecessary vulnerability and risk 'to peoples of the world'.
Online publication date: Sat, 03-Jan-2015
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Klaus Mueller
Founder and Chair, Salzburg Global LGBT* Forum
Klaus Mueller (kmlink Consultancy) works as an international consultant for museums, foundations and NGOs. Klaus is the founder and chair of the Salzburg Global LGBT Forum that was inaugurated in 2013, with participants from 34 countries, and issued its guiding principles to advance LGBT human rights the same year. In 2014, the German Foreign Office invited the Forum to Berlin to advise them on strengthening relations between embassies and LGBT human rights groups. At the 2015 meeting we started our three-year "Family Is…" project collecting testimonies for a global portrait of families today - ultimately producing 50 video interviews and a short film. In 2016, the Forum's first meeting in Asia took place in Chiang Rai, Thailand, to listen to and learn from a new generation of Asian leaders. In 2017 the Forum - now a network with fellows from 70 countries - focused on "Home" and refugees.
Based in Berlin, Klaus works for the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington DC as the Museum's Representative for Europe on the Museum's core themes of Holocaust documentation and education, Antisemitism today and genocide prevention. During the conception of the Museum's permanent exhibition, Klaus, an expert on the persecution of homosexuals under Nazi rule, served as a consultant, researching and overseeing the inclusion of material documenting the experiences of homosexuals under Nazism. He co-curated the Museum's exhibition on 'Anne Frank The Writer: An unfinished Story' and developed 'Do you remember when', an online exhibit on a gay-Jewish couple in Nazi Berlin. Since 2009 he is part of the US delegation to the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance. Since 2010 he serves as Chair of Salzburg Global's Holocaust Education and Genocide Prevention Initiative.
Klaus taught film history at the University of Amsterdam and worked as an independent filmmaker. He was initiator, research director, and associate producer of the award-winning film 'Paragraph 175' (2000), which profiles gay survivors of Nazi persecution, and assistant director of 'But I was a Girl' (1999), that documents lesbian Dutch resistance fighter Frieda Belinfante. Among other publications, he published two books in Dutch, portraying Dutch gay men and women in the resistance and documenting current research on the Nazi persecution of homosexuals. Based on these publications, he developed an exhibition for the Netherlands (2006-2012) which addressed the civic questions at hand and was redeveloped for the South African Holocaust & Genocide Foundation. 'In whom can I still trust?' was shown across South Africa since 2013. In June 2015, he curated 'In the Pink Triangle: a Memorial Space' for the larger exhibition 'Homosexualities' at the German-Historical Museum in Berlin. He has published many articles in museum journals and in 2005 served as guest editor for the American journal Curator's 'Special Issue on Museums and Globalization'. Klaus holds a Ph.D. in sociology and a master's degree in German literature and philosophy, both from the University of Muenster, Germany.


text:
(-) Remove <label class='research-domain' title='The Human Mind and Its Complexity'>SH4 (6)</label> filter SH4 (6)
(-) Remove Hungary (6) filter Hungary (6)
Project acronym COGTOM
Project Cognitive tomography of mental representations
Researcher (PI) Máté Miklós LENGYEL
Host Institution (HI) KOZEP-EUROPAI EGYETEM
Summary Internal models are fundamental to our understanding of how the mind constructs percepts, makes decisions, controls movements, and interacts with others. Yet, we lack principled quantitative methods to systematically estimate internal models from observable behaviour, and current approaches for discovering their mental representations remain heuristic and piecemeal. I propose to develop a set of novel 'doubly Bayesian' data analytical methods, using state-of-the-art Bayesian statistical and machine learning techniques to infer humans' internal models formalised as prior distributions in Bayesian models of cognition. This approach, cognitive tomography, takes a series of behavioural observations, each of which in itself may have very limited information content, and accumulates a detailed reconstruction of the internal model based on these observations. I also propose a set of stringent, quantifiable criteria which will be systematically applied at each step of the proposed work to rigorously assess the success of our approach. These methodological advances will allow us to track how the structured, task-general internal models that are so fundamental to humans' superior cognitive abilities, change over time as a result of decay, interference, and learning. We will apply cognitive tomography to a variety of experimental data sets, collected by our collaborators, in paradigms ranging from perceptual learning, through visual and motor structure learning, to social and concept learning. These analyses will allow us to conclusively and quantitatively test our central hypothesis that, rather than simply changing along a single 'memory strength' dimension, internal models typically change via complex and consistent patterns of transformations along multiple dimensions simultaneously. To facilitate the widespread use of our methods, we will release and support off-the-shelf usable implementations of our algorithms together with synthetic and real test data sets.
Internal models are fundamental to our understanding of how the mind constructs percepts, makes decisions, controls movements, and interacts with others. Yet, we lack principled quantitative methods to systematically estimate internal models from observable behaviour, and current approaches for discovering their mental representations remain heuristic and piecemeal. I propose to develop a set of novel 'doubly Bayesian' data analytical methods, using state-of-the-art Bayesian statistical and machine learning techniques to infer humans' internal models formalised as prior distributions in Bayesian models of cognition. This approach, cognitive tomography, takes a series of behavioural observations, each of which in itself may have very limited information content, and accumulates a detailed reconstruction of the internal model based on these observations. I also propose a set of stringent, quantifiable criteria which will be systematically applied at each step of the proposed work to rigorously assess the success of our approach. These methodological advances will allow us to track how the structured, task-general internal models that are so fundamental to humans' superior cognitive abilities, change over time as a result of decay, interference, and learning. We will apply cognitive tomography to a variety of experimental data sets, collected by our collaborators, in paradigms ranging from perceptual learning, through visual and motor structure learning, to social and concept learning. These analyses will allow us to conclusively and quantitatively test our central hypothesis that, rather than simply changing along a single 'memory strength' dimension, internal models typically change via complex and consistent patterns of transformations along multiple dimensions simultaneously. To facilitate the widespread use of our methods, we will release and support off-the-shelf usable implementations of our algorithms together with synthetic and real test data sets.
Project acronym JAXPERTISE
Project Joint action expertise: Behavioral, cognitive, and neural mechanisms for joint action learning
Researcher (PI) Natalie Sebanz
Summary Human life is full of joint action and our achievements are, to a large extent, joint achievements that require the coordination of two or more individuals. Piano duets and tangos, but also complex technical and medical operations rely on and exist because of coordinated actions. In recent years, research has begun to identify the basic mechanisms of joint action. This work focused on simple tasks that can be performed together without practice. However, a striking aspect of human joint action is the expertise interaction partners acquire together. How people acquire joint expertise is still poorly understood. JAXPERTISE will break new ground by identifying the behavioural, cognitive, and neural mechanisms underlying the learning of joint action. Participating in joint activities is also a motor for individual development. Although this has long been recognized, the mechanisms underlying individual learning through engagement in joint activities remain to be spelled out from a cognitive science perspective. JAXPERTISE will make this crucial step by investigating how joint action affects source memory, semantic memory, and individual skill learning. Carefully designed experiments will optimize the balance between capturing relevant interpersonal phenomena and maximizing experimental control. The proposed studies employ behavioural measures, electroencephalography, and physiological measures. Studies tracing learning processes in novices will be complemented by studies analyzing expert performance in music and dance. New approaches, such as training participants to regulate each other's brain activity, will lead to methodological breakthroughs. JAXPERTISE will generate basic scientific knowledge that will be relevant to a large number of different disciplines in the social sciences, cognitive sciences, and humanities. The insights gained in this project will have impact on the design of robot helpers and the development of social training interventions.
Human life is full of joint action and our achievements are, to a large extent, joint achievements that require the coordination of two or more individuals. Piano duets and tangos, but also complex technical and medical operations rely on and exist because of coordinated actions. In recent years, research has begun to identify the basic mechanisms of joint action. This work focused on simple tasks that can be performed together without practice. However, a striking aspect of human joint action is the expertise interaction partners acquire together. How people acquire joint expertise is still poorly understood. JAXPERTISE will break new ground by identifying the behavioural, cognitive, and neural mechanisms underlying the learning of joint action. Participating in joint activities is also a motor for individual development. Although this has long been recognized, the mechanisms underlying individual learning through engagement in joint activities remain to be spelled out from a cognitive science perspective. JAXPERTISE will make this crucial step by investigating how joint action affects source memory, semantic memory, and individual skill learning. Carefully designed experiments will optimize the balance between capturing relevant interpersonal phenomena and maximizing experimental control. The proposed studies employ behavioural measures, electroencephalography, and physiological measures. Studies tracing learning processes in novices will be complemented by studies analyzing expert performance in music and dance. New approaches, such as training participants to regulate each other's brain activity, will lead to methodological breakthroughs. JAXPERTISE will generate basic scientific knowledge that will be relevant to a large number of different disciplines in the social sciences, cognitive sciences, and humanities. The insights gained in this project will have impact on the design of robot helpers and the development of social training interventions.
Project acronym OSTREFCOM
Project Human infants' preparedness for relevance-guided learning through ostensive-referential communication
Researcher (PI) Gergely Csibra
Call Details Advanced Grant (AdG), SH4, ERC-2009-AdG
Summary A recent hypothesis (the theory of 'natural pedagogy') proposes that an important function of human ostensive-referential communication is to allow the transmission of generic (semantic) knowledge to others. The primary potential beneficiaries of such a communication system are children, who are always novices with respect to the culture they are born into. This proposal aims to explore whether and how human infants are prepared to learn from adults through communication, what cognitive and neural systems support such learning process, and how this social learning process changes infants' perception, interpretation and representation of the world. Beyond traditional behavioural methods, we plan to use eye-tracking, electrophysiological (EEG, ERP) and optical imaging (NIRS) techniques to get insights about the online processes of perception, attention and memory during, as well as the understanding of the social and physical world through, non-verbal communication. In particular, we seek to track (1) the early development of sensitivity to various ostensive-communicative signals, (2) their relation to the understanding of referential deictic gestures, which is essential to be engaged in triadic communication, (3) how these signals modulate what infants pay attention to and preserve in their memory about objects, and (4) how the functional understanding of human-made cultural artefacts (such as tools) is affected by their demonstrated use in ostensive-referential communicative settings. The new framework theory of natural pedagogy will also provide a novel perspective to elucidate how further cognitive systems, such as the understanding of actions or causal relations, as well as the processes of imitation and word learning contribute to cultural learning by communication.
A recent hypothesis (the theory of 'natural pedagogy') proposes that an important function of human ostensive-referential communication is to allow the transmission of generic (semantic) knowledge to others. The primary potential beneficiaries of such a communication system are children, who are always novices with respect to the culture they are born into. This proposal aims to explore whether and how human infants are prepared to learn from adults through communication, what cognitive and neural systems support such learning process, and how this social learning process changes infants' perception, interpretation and representation of the world. Beyond traditional behavioural methods, we plan to use eye-tracking, electrophysiological (EEG, ERP) and optical imaging (NIRS) techniques to get insights about the online processes of perception, attention and memory during, as well as the understanding of the social and physical world through, non-verbal communication. In particular, we seek to track (1) the early development of sensitivity to various ostensive-communicative signals, (2) their relation to the understanding of referential deictic gestures, which is essential to be engaged in triadic communication, (3) how these signals modulate what infants pay attention to and preserve in their memory about objects, and (4) how the functional understanding of human-made cultural artefacts (such as tools) is affected by their demonstrated use in ostensive-referential communicative settings. The new framework theory of natural pedagogy will also provide a novel perspective to elucidate how further cognitive systems, such as the understanding of actions or causal relations, as well as the processes of imitation and word learning contribute to cultural learning by communication.
Project acronym PARTNERS
Project Tracking and evaluating social relations and potential partners in infancy
Summary In order to navigate the social world, children must understand how social interactions unfold in their society. While many recent studies have investigated how children evaluate the roles that people play in everyday interactions and what inferences they draw from their observations, to date there is no unifying account for the conceptual repertoire and computational mechanisms used by infants to analyse their social environment. Taking a new theoretical perspective on this topic, we plan to study whether and how human infants and young children are able to infer the social relations that underlie observed interactions. The theoretical background of this approach is based on the combination of two proposals: (1) that actions are analysed in terms of the costs and benefits they produce to the actors and others affected, and (2) Alan Fiske's theory, according to which human social relations could be classified into basic elementary forms. Using a variety of behavioural and neuroimaging techniques, we intend to investigate whether children infer the specific social relation that the intentional structure and the cost-benefit outcome of an observed interaction could reveal. More specifically, while resource transfer events (e.g., giving, taking) alter the distribution of goods among participants, they may also cue certain types of underlying relations that would ensure that all parties benefit, directly or indirectly, from the exchange on the long run (e.g., by reciprocity). We aim to establish whether drawing inferences to social relations enjoys the priority in the infant mind over attribution of social dispositions, whether infants predict the outcome of new, previously unobserved interactions, what information children use to choose partners for cooperative tasks, and how they track individuals across social contexts. This research will also provide a new perspective on the development of moral psychology by extending its domain from actions to social interactions.
In order to navigate the social world, children must understand how social interactions unfold in their society. While many recent studies have investigated how children evaluate the roles that people play in everyday interactions and what inferences they draw from their observations, to date there is no unifying account for the conceptual repertoire and computational mechanisms used by infants to analyse their social environment. Taking a new theoretical perspective on this topic, we plan to study whether and how human infants and young children are able to infer the social relations that underlie observed interactions. The theoretical background of this approach is based on the combination of two proposals: (1) that actions are analysed in terms of the costs and benefits they produce to the actors and others affected, and (2) Alan Fiske's theory, according to which human social relations could be classified into basic elementary forms. Using a variety of behavioural and neuroimaging techniques, we intend to investigate whether children infer the specific social relation that the intentional structure and the cost-benefit outcome of an observed interaction could reveal. More specifically, while resource transfer events (e.g., giving, taking) alter the distribution of goods among participants, they may also cue certain types of underlying relations that would ensure that all parties benefit, directly or indirectly, from the exchange on the long run (e.g., by reciprocity). We aim to establish whether drawing inferences to social relations enjoys the priority in the infant mind over attribution of social dispositions, whether infants predict the outcome of new, previously unobserved interactions, what information children use to choose partners for cooperative tasks, and how they track individuals across social contexts. This research will also provide a new perspective on the development of moral psychology by extending its domain from actions to social interactions.
Project acronym PreLog
Project Precursors of logical reasoning in human infants
Researcher (PI) Erno Teglas
Summary There is no other field that is more controversial in psychology than that of human reasoning. This project advances a novel theoretical framework focused on the nature and the origins of rationality and could potentially resolve some of these controversies. Theories targeting the mechanisms that allow rational inferences have defined rationality as a function of how much reasoning adheres to formal rules of probability calculus and logic. Classical research with adults and older children collected a large amount of data both in favor and against human rationality, suggesting that reasoning abilities follow a slow maturation. Recent findings on infants' probabilistic reasoning, including my own earlier research, however, do not support this view. Already preverbal infants seem to form expectations about probabilistic events in accordance with Bayesian rules of inference (Téglás et al, 2011). Here I argue for a similar paradigm change in a related domain, that of deductive reasoning. In contrast to earlier accounts, I propose that even preverbal infants may possess a core set of logical operations that empower them with sophisticated inferential abilities. First, I focus on the representational precursors of this competence. I argue that infants recruit specific abilities to exploit the conceptual structure of specific event categories that enable them to form logical representations. Thus, information could be stored in a format that can potentially serve as input for subsequent inferences. Further, I will investigate infants' core logical operations and test how they integrate multiple steps of inferences. This system - indispensable for integrating different bits of knowledge - helps infants to discover information that was not actually present in the input. Such investigations, informed also by adequate neuropsychological evidence would thus contribute to understand the unique nature of human rationality.
There is no other field that is more controversial in psychology than that of human reasoning. This project advances a novel theoretical framework focused on the nature and the origins of rationality and could potentially resolve some of these controversies. Theories targeting the mechanisms that allow rational inferences have defined rationality as a function of how much reasoning adheres to formal rules of probability calculus and logic. Classical research with adults and older children collected a large amount of data both in favor and against human rationality, suggesting that reasoning abilities follow a slow maturation. Recent findings on infants' probabilistic reasoning, including my own earlier research, however, do not support this view. Already preverbal infants seem to form expectations about probabilistic events in accordance with Bayesian rules of inference (Téglás et al, 2011). Here I argue for a similar paradigm change in a related domain, that of deductive reasoning. In contrast to earlier accounts, I propose that even preverbal infants may possess a core set of logical operations that empower them with sophisticated inferential abilities. First, I focus on the representational precursors of this competence. I argue that infants recruit specific abilities to exploit the conceptual structure of specific event categories that enable them to form logical representations. Thus, information could be stored in a format that can potentially serve as input for subsequent inferences. Further, I will investigate infants' core logical operations and test how they integrate multiple steps of inferences. This system - indispensable for integrating different bits of knowledge - helps infants to discover information that was not actually present in the input. Such investigations, informed also by adequate neuropsychological evidence would thus contribute to understand the unique nature of human rationality.
Project acronym REPCOLLAB
Project Representational preconditions for understanding other minds in the service of human collaboration and social learning
Researcher (PI) Agnes Melinda Kovacs
Call Details Starting Grant (StG), SH4, ERC-2011-StG_20101124
Summary The central aim of the proposed research project is to systematically explore the empirical implications of a novel theoretical approach to the early representational preconditions and the functional structure of the mechanisms dedicated for understanding other minds. We aim to explore and shed new theoretical light on the basic cognitive and brain mechanisms of the human social mind. One of these mechanisms that has received much attention by earlier approaches to 'theory-of-mind' research concerns the ability to infer and represent the mental states of others. Standard theories and research in the last twenty five years have suggested that representing other's beliefs is an effortful and late developing capacity (Wellman et al., 2001) whose main function is to explain others' behavior. Here we advance and propose to explore a new theoretical perspective according to which the mechanisms of mental state monitoring and representation involve primarily automatic and effortless processes grounded in on-line cooperative social interactions. Our approach is part of an on-going paradigm change in the field of theory-of-mind research motivated by the recent evidence showing that infants in their second year understand mental states (Onishi & Baillargeon, 2005). Our own research has gone a significant step further by demonstrating that these mechanisms are present as early as 7 month of age, and by showing that both young infants and adults seem to automatically compute others' beliefs even in situations where they are not required to do so (Kovács et al., 2010). The present project explores the functional sub-components and triggering conditions of young infants' powerful belief computation abilities and to chart their developmental unfolding. Furthermore, we shall explore the implications of the new theoretical proposal that this dedicated system presupposes as its proper domain the on-going collaborative and communicative interactions.
The central aim of the proposed research project is to systematically explore the empirical implications of a novel theoretical approach to the early representational preconditions and the functional structure of the mechanisms dedicated for understanding other minds. We aim to explore and shed new theoretical light on the basic cognitive and brain mechanisms of the human social mind. One of these mechanisms that has received much attention by earlier approaches to 'theory-of-mind' research concerns the ability to infer and represent the mental states of others. Standard theories and research in the last twenty five years have suggested that representing other's beliefs is an effortful and late developing capacity (Wellman et al., 2001) whose main function is to explain others' behavior. Here we advance and propose to explore a new theoretical perspective according to which the mechanisms of mental state monitoring and representation involve primarily automatic and effortless processes grounded in on-line cooperative social interactions. Our approach is part of an on-going paradigm change in the field of theory-of-mind research motivated by the recent evidence showing that infants in their second year understand mental states (Onishi & Baillargeon, 2005). Our own research has gone a significant step further by demonstrating that these mechanisms are present as early as 7 month of age, and by showing that both young infants and adults seem to automatically compute others' beliefs even in situations where they are not required to do so (Kovács et al., 2010). The present project explores the functional sub-components and triggering conditions of young infants' powerful belief computation abilities and to chart their developmental unfolding. Furthermore, we shall explore the implications of the new theoretical proposal that this dedicated system presupposes as its proper domain the on-going collaborative and communicative interactions.


Four 5* self-catering cottages, sleeping 12 in total.
Enjoy our hot-tub and sauna suite, with amazing views.
Explore our 1 acre garden and meet the animals.
Self-catering cottage for 6 people within five minutes' walk of the concerts in St Myllin's.
The cottage has three bedrooms. Upstairs there is one double with en-suite, one twin and separate bathroom. Downstairs there is one twin with separate cloakroom with shower. No pets and no smoking, please. All linen, fuel and wifi service is included. Our changeover day is Friday which is convenient for concert dates.
Family-run 12-bedroom coaching inn. Excellent food and warm welcome.
Pre-concert meals available from 6.00pm.
***SPECIAL FESTIVAL PROMOTION: Pre-concert meals 2 course £21.95, 3 course £23.95 from 5.30.pm.
High Street, Llanfyllin, Powys, SY22 5AQ.
Pre-concert meals from 6.00pm. Please book.
Powis Castle – 30 minutes from Llanfyllin. Stunningly beautiful castle and gardens.
Welshpool – a fine market town which you can visit en route to Powis Castle.
Town of Llanfyllin – it received its Royal Charter in 1293 and has some very fine Georgian and Victorian architecture.
Llanfyllin Workhouse – featured on BBC TV's Restoration programme, the Workhouse is being restored and turned into a centre for arts, the environment and the community www.llanfyllinworkhouse.org. Most summers it has one of the most successful small Glastonbury-style Festivals in the UK .
Llanrhaeadr Waterfall – 30 minutes from Llanfyllin. The highest waterfall in Wales and the highest single drop waterfall in the UK.
St Melangell's Church, Pennant Melangell – 30 minutes from Llanfyllin. The church stands in a round churchyard, once a Bronze Age site, ringed by ancient yew trees estimated to be two thousand years old. Parts of the building date from the 12th Century including the shrine to St Melangell which is a unique monument in Britain.


Indium Corporation announces the release of its newest informational video that describes how solder preforms can reduce voiding in bottom termination components.
This brief video, which can be found at www.indium.com/blog/phil-zarrow, features Indium Corporation Technical Support Engineer Derrick Herron as he explains to SMT expert Phil Zarrow, President and Principal Consultant for ITM Consulting, how voiding can be consistently reduced to 12 percent with the use of solder preforms.
Herron provides technical service to customers in the northeastern United States. Previously, he spent more than six years developing solder paste and flux technologies in Indium Corporation's research and development laboratory. Herron earned his bachelor's degree in chemistry from Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Okla. He received his Six Sigma Green Belt from the Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth College, and is certified in IPC-A-600 and IPC-A-610-D. He also authors a blog on engineered solders, which can be found at www.indium.com/blog/derrick-herron.


My dad told me when he was a teenager (1930's) they did the fake rope across the road gag to oncoming cars. He said it was fun until a driver got out and clocked him.
At least you didn't steal a balloon on free balloon day.
He he he. The perfect crime.
I read this in Homer Simpson's voice.
You wanna know my perfect crime? I break into Tiffany's at midnight. Do I go for the vault? No, I go for the chandelier. It's priceless. As I'm taking it down, a woman catches me. She tells me to stop. It's her father's business. She's Tiffany. I say no. We make love all night. In the morning, the cops come and I escape in one of their uniforms. I tell her to meet me in Mexico, but I go to Canada. I don't trust her. Besides, I like the cold. Thirty years later, I get a postcard. I have a son and he's the chief of police. This is where the story gets interesting. I tell Tiffany to meet me in Paris by the Trocadero. She's been waiting for me all these years. She's never taken another lover. I don't care. I don't show up. I go to Berlin. That's where I stashed the chandelier.
Or ding-dong-ditch an empty house. For weeks on end.
It's ok if he did. I've got the air, and it's just borrowing as long as you bring it back before it's missed.
Growing up my friends and I tried to sell homemade lemonade but nobody in my neighborhood wanted anything to do with it. We worked really hard manually juicing a couple hundred lemons.
Turns out we didn't know it was April 1st.
Next time use meth and gasoline to get people hooked!
"just helping to keep people safe officer"


By winning the recent US Youth Soccer New Jersey State Championships, a Mount Laurel, N.J., area soccer team has qualified to compete in the US Youth Soccer Region I (East) Championships, presented by the National Guard.
By winning the recent US Youth Soccer New Jersey State Championships, three Montclair, N.J., area soccer teams have qualified to compete in the US Youth Soccer Region I (East) Championships, presented by the National Guard.
By winning the recent US Youth Soccer New Jersey State Championships, a Marlton, N.J., area soccer team has qualified to compete in the US Youth Soccer Region I (East) Championships, presented by the National Guard.
By winning the recent US Youth Soccer New Jersey State Championships, a Madison, N.J., area soccer team has qualified to compete in the US Youth Soccer Region I (East) Championships, presented by the National Guard.
By winning the recent US Youth Soccer New Jersey State Championships, a Lincoln Park, N.J., area soccer team has qualified to compete in the US Youth Soccer Region I (East) Championships, presented by the National Guard.
By winning the recent US Youth Soccer New Jersey State Championships, two Hazlet, N.J., area soccer teams have qualified to compete in the US Youth Soccer Region I (East) Championships, presented by the National Guard.
By winning the recent US Youth Soccer New Hampshire State Championships, a Nashua, N.H., area soccer team has qualified to compete in the US Youth Soccer Region I (East) Championships, presented by the National Guard.
By winning the recent US Youth Soccer New Hampshire State Championships, two Londonderry, N.H., area soccer teams have qualified to compete in the US Youth Soccer Region I (East) Championships, presented by the National Guard.
By winning the recent US Youth Soccer New Hampshire State Championships, a Hanover, N.H., area soccer team has qualified to compete in the US Youth Soccer Region I (East) Championships, presented by the National Guard.
By winning the recent US Youth Soccer New Hampshire State Championships, seven Hampton, N.H., area soccer teams have qualified to compete in the US Youth Soccer Region I (East) Championships, presented by the National Guard.


Last summer, Third Eye Blind toured across the United States with Silversun Pickups on the Summer Gods Tour.
Each night, Stephan Jenkins and his band mates celebrated the band's breakout 1997 self-titled album, which spawned ubiquitous radio hits "Semi-Charmed Life," "Jumper," "How's It Gonna Be" and "Graduate," and set in motion a career that's endured more than two decades later.
Last week, Third Eye Blind's live album culled from recordings on this tour was released digitally. Titled Summer Gods Tour Live 2017, the set features much of the material from the self-titled album as well as other songs curated by Jenkins that went into each night of the tour.