text:
Philippines, Country of the Filipinos or Pinoys
7,107 Islands
The Philippines, a democratic country in Southeast Asia that declared
its independence from Spain on June 12, 1898 but only obtained its full
sovereignty on July 4, 1946, has a total land area covering 300,000
square kilometers (115,830 sq. miles) and distributed in 7,107 islands.
According to the National Mapping and Resource Information Authority,
15,854,922 hectares or 53 percent of the country's total land area were
forestlands while the remaining 14,145,078 hectares or 47 percent were
alienable and disposable lands as of December 2000. The three major
island groupings are Luzon (7 regions, 38 provinces), Visayas (3 regions,
16 provinces), and Mindanao (6 regions, 25 provinces).
World's 17th Largest Island
Luzon, with a total land area of 104,688 square kilometers is the world's
17th largest island (excluding continental masses of lands). Listed
as the 19th largest island is Mindanao, with a land area of 94,631 square
kilometers. The world's largest islands are Greenland (a Danish territory),
with a total land area of 2.18 million square kilometers; New Guinea,
820,033 square kilometers; and Borneo, 743,107 square kilometers.
267,000 Square Kilometers of Coastal Waters
The coastal zones of the Philippines are composed of 11,000 square kilometers
of land and 267,000 square kilometers of coastal waters.
41,960 Barangays
The National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB) reported that as
of December 2001, the Philippines had 16 regions, 79 provinces, 114
cities, 1,496 municipalities and 41,960 barangays or villages. The newest
province was Zamboanga Sibugay in western Mindanao while the newest
city was Gapan in Nueva Ecija province. The most populated province
as this was being written remained Cebu, with over 3 million residents
while the least populated was Batanes, with less than 20,000 inhabitants.
The largest province in terms of land area was Palawan, with 14,896
square kilometers while the smallest province was Batanes, with 209
square kilometers.
According to the Liga ng mga Barangay, the Philippines now has 41,960
barangays or villages. Each barangay in a municipality represents at
least 2,000 people while each barangay in a highly urbanized city represents
a minimum of 5,000 residents.
Metro Manila, 0.2 Percent of Land Area
Metro Manila, a conglomerate of 12 cities and five municipalities, has
a total land area of 636 square kilometers and a population of over
10 million people, excluding transients or passing individuals. In proportion
to the country's land size, the metropolis covers only 0.2 percent of
the total land area of the Philippines but is the site of more than
half of the country's largest companies. In 1999, Metro Manila contributed
34.7 percent to the country's gross domestic product (GDP); Southern
Tagalog, 13.9 percent; Central Luzon, 8 percent; and the rest of the
country, 43.4 percent.
200 Volcanoes
There are 200 volcanoes in the Philippines, 22 of them are said to be
active. The archipelago also sits on the Philippine fault zone, a 1,300-kilometer
active left-lateral strike-fault from Luzon to Mindanao. This is why
earthquakes occur in the country.
20 Typhoons Each Year
Situated between latitude 21°25'N and 4°23'N and longitude 116°E and
127°E, the Philippines is a tropical country with an average year-round
temperature of 27°C (82°F). The Philippine time is Greenwich Mean Time
(GMT) plus eight hours. According to the Philippine Atmospheric,
Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), about
20 typhoons visit the Philippines between June and October each year.
In 1993, the Philippines had 32 typhoons, the highest in many years.
500 Dialects
According to the National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA),
there are 78 language groupings and over 500 dialects in the Philippines.
While Filipino is regarded as the national language, it was mainly based
on Tagalog (from the local phrase taga-ilog meaning residents near the
river) language. The main language of instruction is English and the
country's laws are also recorded in this language. Filipinos are said
to be the world's second largest English-speaking people, after the
Americans. This, of course, is subject to debate since only a few Filipinos
actually talk in English on the street. Philippine Trivia
Filipino World Champions in Sports
Philippine Disasters
Oldest in the Philippines
Next story Trivia, Information, Records About the Philippines
Previous story Valentine Text Messages or SMS on Valentine's Day – For Valentines


When you stay at La Quinta Inn & Suites Clovis in Clovis, you'll be near the airport and within a 5-minute drive of North Plains Mall. This hotel is 2.8 mi (4.5 km) from Hillcrest Park Zoo and 4.2 mi (6.7 km) from Norman Petty Studios.
Make yourself at home in one of the 66 air-conditioned rooms featuring refrigerators and microwaves. 32-inch flat-screen televisions with cable programming provide entertainment, while complimentary wireless Internet access keeps you connected. Private bathrooms with shower/tub combinations feature complimentary toiletries and hair dryers. Conveniences include desks and coffee/tea makers, as well as phones with free local calls.
Enjoy recreational amenities such as a spa tub and a fitness center. Additional features at this hotel include complimentary wireless Internet access and a fireplace in the lobby.
La Quinta Inn & Suites Clovis is pet friendly. Guests are welcome to bring 2 pets no more than 50 kilograms of pet. Pets stay free.


text:
Progressive Paradise, National Nightmare
The state and federal political outlooks contrast sharply. It's time for Delaware to act.
Andrew Galvin · March 6, 2021
It's a virtual love-in in the Delaware General Assembly right now, as newly elected progressive members canoodle via Zoom with another bunch of progressives first elected just two years earlier. Both groups owe their seats, in part, to energized voter turnout among left-leaning locals traumatized by the national nightmare of the Trump presidency.
But even as these new General Assembly members exchange deserved congratulations for the hard work exerted on winning campaigns, even as they prepare a slew of welcome worker- and justice-focused initiatives they plan to make law here in Delaware, another dark storm gathers on the national horizon as the Right again exploits the flaws in our archaic U.S. Constitution to grab power over us all.
Delaware has a responsibility to act. The U.S. Senate, which is about to torpedo a much-needed voting rights bill passed by the U.S. House of Representatives, is Delaware's fault. The conservative jurists — hand-picked by Republican senators — who will uphold new voter-suppression measures adopted by red states are also, it follows, Delaware's fault.
In 1787, when Delaware's Gunning Bedford Jr. argued for equal representation for all states in the U.S. Senate, he had a point. A fledgling nation composed of former colonies with little experience of shared government had good reason to erect legislative bulwarks against one another, to put strong checks on a tyranny of the majority.
More than 230 years later, it seems we have the opposite problem. We have just emerged from a tyranny of the minority, one enabled largely by Gunning Bedford's argument. We may be headed for another. Today, it is in the federal government, not the states, where real power is vested. It alone had the ability, a decade ago, to begin changing our healthcare system so millions could finally access care. It alone has the ability to confront climate change on a scale that could make a difference. And yet it is warped by a flawed Constitution — Delaware's fault — that could again bite our little progressive paradise in the ass.
It's time for Delaware to stand up and admit times have changed. It's time for us to walk back Gunning Bedford's argument. It's time for both houses of Delaware's General Assembly to pass resolutions calling for the abolition of the U.S. Senate.
Andrew has worked as a journalist and editor for Bloomberg News and the Orange County Register (California). He is active in local progressive advocacy and serves on our editorial team as well as contributing regularly. Andrew lives in North Wilmington. Read more from Andrew Galvin.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Quick post for you today as I'm in-between a bazillion things at the moment. Another one from last Summer.
Exposure time: ? My phone died and I had to use the force. Honestly no clue what the exposure time was for this.
This feels like a memory. Wonderful!


Variable and constant are two commonly used mathematical concepts. Simply put, a variable is a value that is changing or that have the ability to change. A constant is a value which remains unchanged. Even though the concepts are fundamental in many aspects of mathematics, in elementary levels, it is used in algebra predominantly.
Since the concepts are an integral part of modern mathematics, each and every application of this may include variables and constants in many forms. The concepts have stemmed out into other fields, such as physics and computer science for this reason.
In the mathematical context, a variable is a quantity which has a changing or a variable magnitude. Commonly (in algebra), it is represented by an English letter or a Greek letter. It is common practice to call this symbolic letter the variable.
Variables are used in equations, identities, function, and even in geometry. Few of the use of variables are as follows. Variables can be used to represent unknowns in equations such as x2-2x+4=0. It also can represent a rule between two unknown quantities like y=f(x)=x3+4x+9. In probability and statistics, a random variable is a variable that can assume different states or events in the considered set of events. In mathematics, it is customary to emphasize the valid values for the variable, which is called the range. These limitations are deduced from the general properties of the equation or by definition.
Variables are also categorized based on their behaviour. If the variable's changes are not based on other factors, it is called an independent variable. If the variable's changes are based on some other variable(s), then it is known as a dependent variable. In statistics, independent and dependent variables are termed as Explanatory variable and Response variable respectively.
The term variable is used in the field of computing too, especially in programming. It refers to a block memory in the program where different values can be stored.
In mathematics, a constant is a quantity that does not change its value. Constants are also symbolized by an English or a Greek letter. Usually it represents a real number which has special properties in the context of the problem or the scenario it is used.
It can also be used to represent decimals or irrational numbers of interest, or very large numbers, which are not easily manipulable in a mathematical expression, in its numerical. For example, consider π and e. Avagardro's constant (L) represents a very large number, which is 6.022 ×1023 mol-1.
What is the difference between Variables and Constants?
• Variables are quantities with changing magnitude, hence can assume different values based on the application.
• Constants are quantities with unchanging values, and used to represent numbers with significance.
• Both constants and variables are represented algebraically by English or Greek letters.
• Constants are used to represent quantities in nature which are fixed, and the variables are used to represent unknowns.


Majority of businesses today are always considered to have failed simply because they may not be in a position to generate revenue constantly and sometimes, this can be a very big challenge. Being profitable is something that is always considered to be very difficult especially given that you may want to consider marketing your services and also trying to satisfy your customers and still dont find a solution to the profitability. When you conduct a research on different kinds of residential architectural firms, you will realize that they may be facing a lot of challenges with regards to becoming more profitable. It is always important understand that there are quite a number of ways you can be able to make more money from your architecture company. If you want to make you architectural business to be more profitable, you need to ensure that you follow some of the tips discussed below.
It is always recommended that you consider determining which particular business model that you want to use because that is what drives your business. Majority of architectures tend to lose a lot of money simply because they do not have a perfect pricing structure and therefore, you need to ensure that you can your pricing structure. It is always advisable that you go for a specific business model that is perfect in the sense that you dont drain from your residential architectural company and at the same time, you serve your clients satisfactorily. The moment you have made your business model to go up, one of the most important things that you need to ensure that you do is making your rates to go up and you should not fear some clients going away. One of the most effective ways you can be able to make more money from your residential architecture business is when you consider having more clients because the moment you have more clients, there is a high probability that you will increase your venue.
One of the most effective way you can be able to get quite a number of glands is when you consider search engine optimization. The minute you engage in the content marketing can also prove to be very beneficial especially in scenarios whereby you want to ensure that you improve the amount of money that you make. Content marketing is very important because people will definitely get reason why you should visit your website again. Getting different kinds of products at a wholesale price and selling them to customers directly can also be very important that way of making more money.


text:
Dabs Myla – Life is Never Dull – Artist Profile
For Dabs and Myla, life is never dull. On any given day, you might find them traveling to some far-flung corner of the world to paint a mural, creating artwork for a film set, or building an installation that transfigures a gallery's conventional white walls into an three-dimensional wonderland. Most often, you will find them in their studio, heads bowed over a pair of paintings that they pass back and forth to each other across their shared work table, in a perpetual collaborative exchange punctuated by playful banter, music selections and tasty treats. But the one constant that you can always rely on is that you will find them side by side. Since they moved to Los Angeles from Australia in 2009, Myla and Dabs have never been apart for more than a few hours.
Despite their harmonious dynamic, chaos is a constant in their lives. One day, they might be at home madly grinding away to meet an illustration deadline, and the next morning be jetting off to Mexico City to paint a mural through the night, only to return to Los Angeles the following day—fueled on sugar, caffeine and the few moments of sleep they could catch in transit—to greet throngs of fans lined up outside a gallery exhibition of their paintings. They have been invited to paint murals in places as various as Rio de Janeiro, London, Detroit, Norway and Tahiti, and it's a rare month that doesn't find them in an airplane on a rendezvous with a box of spraypaint. Accomplished illustrators, Dabs Myla have been invited to lend their unique aesthetic to many large apparel and housewares brands, including Adidas and Sanrio. Recently, they were commissioned to bring their vision to life on a massive scale by designing the set, logo and award statuette for the 2015 MTV Movie Awards.
If you were to ask Dabs or Myla to reveal the secret of their success, they might say they live by the old adage, "The harder I work, the luckier I get." Their art is inspired by their life as a married couple, their travel around the world, and the beautiful pandemonium of everyday experience. Few relationships could bear the pressure of such intensity and proximity, but Dabs and Myla have developed a collaborative rapport that elevates their individual contributions into something greater than the sum of its parts. Myla thrives in the realm of precision, painting photorealistic representations of the cityscapes they encounter while traveling, and laying out playful patterns with mathematical exactitude. Dabs brings life to their buoyant, rambunctious characters, inspired by graffiti, mid-century illustration and theatrical cartoons from the Golden Age of animation. As Dabs Myla have grown together as a creative team, their individual aesthetics have converged to complement each other. Stimulating each other's creative growth provides the driving force of their partnership, and since they joined forces, their aesthetic has evolved constantly. What they're doing is much more than a collaboration of art—it's a collaboration of two people's lives, full of love and play and the genesis of fantastic things.
"We never stop painting in some form. Pretty much all day of every day we are painting something. When we start feeling tired of being inside painting we paint a wall outside which is usually pretty exhausting so we are happy to be back inside working on paintings again!!…Its a nice balance and keeps things fresh!" – Dabs (dirtyface)
"When we first start working on a painting we talk for a while about what we would like the piece to look like and then we find the reference that we will use and usually we work everything around the buildings. It takes a while for us to work out the painting and we always work on two paintings at the same time…so this process of drawing takes a few days. Then we both start on one of the paintings and once each of us are pretty much done we switch the paintings over and start working on that piece….we keep passing the paintings back and forth until we are finished. It seems really complicated but it's pretty straightforward!" – Myla (dirtyface)
dabsmyla.com
Artist Profiles, Collaboration, Dabs Myla, Murals, New Contemporary Art, Painting


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text:
Voyager, Season 1: Phage
Voyager, Season 1
"Phage"
Airdate: February 6, 1995
4 of 168 produced
4 of 168 aired
Neelix is attacked by mysterious aliens who steals his lungs. The Doctor manages a makeshift cure, but it may be worse than the problem. The crew races to find the thieves, but once they are found, the reason for their crime is something the crew could never have imagined.
alt.neelix.die.die.die
Kevin: This is a great episode, no two ways about it. As much as Matt and I debate the relative merit of character versus sci-fi for an episode, we agree the best episodes have both, and this one has it in spades. The science fiction is strong with the novel length science can go to save a life and the impact a disease can have on a society. I have a few lingering questions about how holographic alveoli can bond real oxygen to hemoglobin, but that's a nitpick if ever there was one. Not only is the Vidiian plot a neat interpretation of the urban legend of organ thieves, the idea of being unable to move more than two microns is really upsetting. More than even TNG's "Ethics," it starkly portrays the difficult choices life sustaining technologies pose. The Vidiians themselves were also portrayed as more than one dimensional villains. I interpreted the line, "We were educators and explorers," to directly invoke the image of the Federation. Even the internal disagreement between the two Vidiians helped give dimension to their story.
Matthew: It is Star Trek to the core to take zombie organ thieves and turn them into a sympathetic victim of circumstance. In this way, this episode is very much in the tradition of "The Devil In The Dark." The dialogue given to Motura was really evocative, not only of the Federation, but of the way we fancy our present Western industrialized civilization. I think there is a clear AIDS parallel here, too, imagining what it would be like had the epidemic spiraled out of control. As you mentioned, the medical ethics story also is quite germane to contemporary viewers. I also really liked how they resolved the story - the Vidiians, having fought this disease for two millennia, would naturally have the technology to graft otherwise incompatible organs into a new body. As such, it doesn't seem like a Deus Ex Machina to me at all, at least not an egregious one.
Kevin: I like the character development here as well. Neelix's panic is credible as is Kes' concern. I liked seeing the doctor flounder at the increasing demands placed on him. Crisis tends to tell us a lot about people and this story certainly demonstrates that.
Matthew: I appreciate the writers' willingness to make Neelix a real person in the face of his malady. He isn't just a martyr. He's petty, jealous, and unreasonable, just as many people with terminal illnesses can be. Whatever my problems are with Neelix's general portrayal (especially his relationship with Kes), it can't be said that he isn't being written consistently. And it works here.
Kevin: I particularly liked Janeway's speech in the transporter room. It was a lovely summary of the conflict of Federation values and Delta Quadrant reality. I liked how sharply the decision was drawn. There was no middle ground. It was either murder him to save Neelix or let them go. It makes the test of Janeway's morals really meaningful. I also like how emotional Janeway becomes. Particularly for a female captain, I like that Janeway is not written as lacking emotions to reinforce the idea of a woman in power. Her outrage read as real and credible, even if it may have been portrayed more explicitly than with other captains.
Matthew: I think that scene was excellent, though I might have liked a bit more time to be spent with the Vidiians. It's too bad that it basically all took place in one transporter room conversation. Janeway could have been given more time to ruminate, she could have had an argument or two with some crew mates (not to mention Neelix). I think they could have cut the hall of mirrors stuff in order to give us more backdrop for the Vidiians, especially since what we did get was so interesting.
Kevin: My complaints are few otherwise. The hall of mirrors effect was a little much. I can buy reflective surfaces in the asteroid, but not ones buffed to a shine. The fact that the Kazon were chosen as the villains rather than the Vidiians is the series' fault, not this episode's.
Matthew: Is this like some common trick for the Vidiians? Do they buy it at Asteroids-R-Us? Didn't a scanner pick it up from outside? The asteroid bugged me generally. How many asteroids have oxygen-nitrogen atmospheres and earth-equivalent gravity? How did no one know about this besides Neelix, and how did he know just enough to get them there but not enough to know of the organ stealing zombies therein?
Kevin: Mulgrew gives her best performance to date, and that is saying something. Verge of tears is hard to do, and she delivers in spades. I bought her outrage and resolve. I appreciate that she played Janeway as emotional. It never reads as "over-emotional" or as if she can't handle the job.
Matthew: Yep. She is excellent. I think she is vaulting into the rarefied air of Shatner-Stewart territory, and she is doing it quickly. I think she does comedy well, too. Her scenes with Ethan Phillips in the mess hall were funny, as was her banter with Robert Beltran. So she really is a double threat.
Kevin: As much as I get annoyed by Neelix, the actor is never at fault. His gallows humor and his panic all play as completely genuine and affecting. The two Vidiians also did a bang up job. They really gave the Vidiian moral struggle some life.
Matthew: This episode was well acted all around. Ethan Phillips' struggling to breathe was gut wrenching, literally and figuratively. Even someone like Robert Duncan McNeill was effective in portraying haplessness in his sickbay scenes. The whole cast, along with all guest stars, have been pretty uniformly excellent so far in the series.
Production Values
Kevin: I loved the Vidiian props. The scanner/transporter had a nice heft and solidity. The makeup was amazing. It really looked like a patchwork of skin. What impressed me was how mobile it was. Fine movements around the mouth and eyes were really nicely done. It was a real coup from both a design and technical standpoint.
Matthew: Definitely, the makeup was Emmy-worthy. It didn't get nominated, but whatever. It didn't look like a rubber helmet, which some of these sorts of appliances can look. I think the Vidiian ship was a bit mundane. I guess this culture is sort of haphazardly organized because of the phage, so maybe they have an assortment of ships. I just like seeing a technology reflect its culture.
Kevin: The mirror effect was technically well done but doesn't work from a plot point. I did like a lot of the camera work in sickbay. It was tight and claustrophobic.
Matthew: The effect of Paris slapping the Doctor was neat. It was a funny moment in the script, but it was made even funnier by adding that sci-fi touch. I wish we had seen the process of creating holo-organs with a bit more grisly detail. The "blood gas infuser" looked like a decoration from a dentist office in the early 90s.
Kevin: This is a 5. The very idea of the Vidiians is compelling. The personal cost to Neelix is haunting and well portrayed. The addition of bad guys who are not merely bad elevates this episode to a highlight of the first season.
Matthew: I agree on the 5 for a total of 10. The sci-fi is very strong, both on the Vidiians as well as on the Neelix medical story. The character development for Neelix and Janeway are also excellent. The production values are very solid, the performances are good, and the pace is exciting. This is definitely the best episode of Voyager so far.
Posted by Kevin at 9:00 AM
Labels: Phage, podcast, Star Trek, VOY Season 1, Voyager
Even though it's just a small moment, I really like the part on the bridge when Tuvok knows what Janeway is going to do. I like how Tuvok portrays genuine friendship, but still in a very vulcan sort of way. That one scene in Caretaker is another example
matthewweflen August 1, 2013 at 8:08 PM
I love that scene in Caretaker. It's a perfect crystallization of what makes Voyager great (deep, organic characterization), and it happens in the first episode.
Sara August 1, 2013 at 10:27 AM
I haven't seen this episode since it first aired, and it still haunts me. I might have to re-watch it with the podcast when I'm feeling braver.
Let us know if our first Voyager 10 was deserved!
poppy August 17, 2014 at 12:39 AM
I am sorry, I am really surprised at this rating. I found this episode to be so boring and I always skip it on rematch. I cant place my finger on it but it just does not do anything for me. I like Janeway's admonishment of the Vidiian in the end but overall this episode just bores me.
DS9 Season 1 (20)
DSC Season 1 (16)
Is Star Trek Dead? (1)
Rating system (1)
Recap (24)
Round Table Discussion (2)
TAS Season 1 (17)
TAS Season 2 (7)
TNG Season 1 (27)
Top 5 Trek (6)
TOS Season 1 (32)
Trek Interviews (3)
VOY Season 1 (16)
Why I Love Star Trek (9)
Why Star Trek Is Better Than... (1)
Voyager, Season 1: Time and Again
Voyager, Season 1: Parallax
Voyager, Season 1: Caretaker
DS9 Season 3 Recap
No changelings were harmed in the recording of thi...
Deep Space Nine, Season 3: The Adversary
Deep Space Nine, Season 3: Facets
Deep Space Nine, Season 3: Shakaar
Deep Space Nine, Season 3: Family Business
matthewweflen
phoenixbeth


text:
Abellio (transport company)
Abellio operates public transport services in Europe, with both bus and rail networks. It was founded as NedRailways in 2001, before being renamed Abellio in October 2009. Abellio is wholly owned by the Dutch national rail operator Nederlandse Spoorwegen.
Abellio
Jeff Hoogesteger (CEO)
Abellio Deutschland
Abellio London
Abellio ScotRail
Greater Anglia (60%)
Merseyrail (50%)
WestfalenBahn
West Midlands Trains (70%)
www.abellio.com
Czech RepublicEdit
Abellio bought Probo Bus and ran its network in the Czech Republic in 2009. It consisted of regional bus transport in the Beroun District and surroundings and some long-distance bus lines between Prague and South and West Bohemia.
Abellio CZ founded in July 2011. In spring 2012, Abellio CZ lodged an extensive complaint about wrong assignment of the tender to running of fast train line Ostrava – Krnov – Olomouc. The complaints were completely rejected.
In November 2013, Abellio sold Abellio CZ and Probo Bus to Arriva with 110 buses.[1][2]
GermanyEdit
Abellio Deutschland was formed by the Essen public transit company in 2004. In December 2005, British investment company Star Capital Partners purchased a 75% share in Abellio from the City of Essen.[3] In December 2008, both sold their shares to NedRailways.[4][5] The Abellio brand was later rolled out to replace the NedRailways brand internationally.[6]
BusEdit
In April 2013, Abellio Deutschland announced it would focus on rail transport and sell its three bus companies. In November 2013 VM and Werner were sold to Transport Capital with 220 buses.[7][8] The remaining KVG business was sold to Rhenus Veniro and the District of Bautzen in October 2014 with 84 buses.[9]
RailEdit
As at December 2016, Abellio Deutschland operated 18 lines over 978 kilometres with a fleet of 86 trains.[10] Abellio Deutschland owned a 25% share in WestfalenBahn that was founded in 2005.[10][11] In July 2017 this was increased to 100%.[12]
The NetherlandsEdit
Qbuzz was founded in 2008 by two former Connexxion directors with Abellio having a 49% shareholding.[13] Abellio purchased the remaining 51% in April 2013.[14][15]
In March 2015, Qbuzz was awarded a 15-year concession to operate services in the province of Limburg from December 2016. However, after the discovery of irregularities during the tender process, the contract was awarded to Arriva.[16][17][18] In July 2016, Nederlandse Spoorwegen announced its intention to sell Qbuzz.[19] In July 2017 it was sold to Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane subsidiary Busitalia.[20]
A pair of Abellio Surrey Dennis Darts in November 2009
Abellio Greater Anglia train at Ipswich station in June 2014
BusesEdit
In May 2009, Abellio purchased the Travel London and Travel Surrey businesses from National Express and rebranded them Abellio London and Abellio Surrey in October 2009.[21] The latter closed in September 2018.[22]
Abellio has a 50% shareholding in Serco-Abellio that has bid for a number of rail franchises. The joint venture has operated the Merseyrail franchise since July 2003.[23] Serco-Abellio also operated the Northern Rail franchise from December 2004 until March 2016.[24] Serco-Abellio also lodged unsuccessful bids for the Wales & Borders, West Midlands and Tyne & Wear Metro franchises.
Abellio has also bid for a number of franchises in its own right, lodging bids for the South Western franchise (in partnership with FirstGroup), London Overground, South Central, InterCity West Coast, Essex Thameside, Thameslink, Southern and Great Northern and Northern franchises.[25][26][27]
In February 2012, Abellio Greater Anglia commenced operating the Greater Anglia franchise.[28] In 2016, Abellio successfully bid to retain the renamed East Anglia franchise until 2025.[29] In January 2017, Abellio sold a 40% stake in the business to Mitsui.[30]
In April 2015, Abellio ScotRail commenced operating the ScotRail franchise.[31][32][33]
In December 2017, West Midlands Trains, a joint venture with East Japan Railway Company and Mitsui in which Abellio owns 70%, commenced operating the West Midlands franchise.[34][35]
In February 2018, Abellio withdrew from a bid for the Wales & Borders franchise. This bid had been undertaken in partnership with Carillion, but the liquidation of the latter left it without an infrastructure partner.[36]
In August 2019, Abellio will commence operating the East Midlands Railway franchise.[37]
^ Deutsche Bahn purchases Czech companies from Abellio Archived 2016-04-02 at the Wayback Machine Deutsche Bahn 29 November 2013
^ Arriva acquires Abellio's Czech operations Bus & Coach Buyer 4 December 2013
^ Star Capital Partners completes two new German investments Archived 2016-09-11 at the Wayback Machine Star Capital Partners 27 January 2006
^ Contracts Railway Gazette International 13 December 2008
^ Abellio Archived 2016-04-03 at the Wayback Machine Star Capital Partners
^ Company History Abellio
^ Completion of sale of Hessen bus Abellio
^ Luther advises Transport Capital AG on the acquisition of two bus companies from the Abellio Group Luther 11 November 2013
^ Abellio sells the Dreiländereck to Oberlausitz Abellio 29 October 2014 (German)
^ a b Welcome to Abellio Archived 2017-08-10 at the Wayback Machine Abellio February 2017
^ The Company WestfalenBahn (German)
^ Abellio takes full ownership of WestfalenBahn as market gets more competitive Railway Gazette International 18 July 2017
^ Connexxion, Arriva and Qbuzz NRC Handelsblad 2 September 2011 (Dutch)
^ NS obtains remaining share in Qbuzz Archived 2014-08-25 at the Wayback Machine Nederlandse Spoorwegen February 2014
^ Qbuzz Archived 2017-08-10 at the Wayback Machine Abellio
^ NS uncovers tendering irregularities Railway Gazette International 29 April 2015
^ Arriva wins re-awarded Limburg operating contract Railway Gazette International 3 June 2015
^ Arriva delighted as it profits from scandal at rival Abellio The Daily Telegraph 9 June 2015
^ NS puts Qbuzz up for sale Railway Gazette International 11 July 2016
^ Busitalia buys Qbuzz, Dutch public transport services company Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane 13 July 2017
^ National Express Group plc agreement to sell Travel London[dead link] National Express Group 21 May 2009
^ "Falcon Coaches to take over Abellio's remaining Surrey route" Coach & Bus Week issue 1357 28 August 2018 page 11
^ Merseyrail franchise goes Dutch The Daily Telegraph 24 April 2003
^ Serco-NedRailways Announced as Preferred Bidder for new Northern Rail franchise Strategic Rail Authority 1 July 2004
^ Short Listed Bidders for Greater Anglia and InterCity West Coast Rail Franchises Department for Transport 24 March 2011
^ Bidders to oversee improvements on rail franchises announced Department for Transport 29 March 2012
^ Shortlist for Northern and TransPennine operators revealed Department for Transport 19 August 2014
^ Greater Anglia rail franchise announcement Department for Transport 20 October 2011
^ Better journeys for rail passengers and boost for Derby train industry as new East Anglia franchise announced Department for Transport 10 August 2016
^ Abellio to sell 40% stake in Greater Anglia to Mitsui Railway Gazette International 17 January 2017
^ Dutch firms wins ScotRail franchise from FirstGroup BBC News 8 October 2014
^ Abellio awarded ScotRail franchise Railway Gazette International 8 October 2014
^ Abellio awarded contract to operate Scotland's National Railway, ScotRail Abellio
^ More seats for rail passengers as nearly £1 billion is invested in Midlands services Department for Transport 10 August 2017
^ West Midlands Trains announced as winning bidder for West Midlands franchise Abellio 10 August 2017
^ "Abellio ends rail bid after Carillion collapse". BBC News. BBC. 23 February 2018. Retrieved 23 February 2018.
^ More seats and services and state of the art trains for passengers on new East Midlands railway Department for Transport 10 April 2019
Media related to Abellio (transport company) at Wikimedia Commons
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abellio_(transport_company)&oldid=895461401"


Elegance Large Waffle Weave Drying Towel - 18" x 36"
This is the most cost effective and best performing waffle weave towel we've found after years of trying and searching. It turns out in the microfiber world, you don't always get what you pay for, but in this case, you definitely do. This towel's absorption capabilities are beyond even that of greats such as the Adam's Great White, but at a fraction of the cost.


How do cells package vast lengths of DNA into chromosomes and, in eukaryotes, into the nuclear volume? How is DNA sequence protected against environmental insults? How are chromosomes distributed to the two daughter cells during mitosis? How do cells and multicellular organisms regulate gene activity and how is this dynamically controlled in response to environmental changes and through development? What is the role of chromatin? and how does post-transcriptional regulation of RNA contribute to gene regulation?
These are amongst the key questions actively addressed by the labs in the Chromosomal and RNA biology section. We tackle these questions by using a range of different model organisms and by innovating and applying cutting edge methods and technologies. For example, we employ system-wide approaches such as sequencing and proteomics to elucidate the genome of cells and organisms, as well as the RNAs and proteins derived from it. We use advanced imaging technologies to visualise the chromosome and chromatin organisation, transcription dynamics, as well as RNA and protein localisation. For this, we employ the newest approaches and equipment in live-cell imaging, super-resolution microscopy, single-molecule tracking, and ultrastructural studies. Last but not least, we apply biochemistry and biophysics to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying chromosome and RNA biology. Our work is facilitated by state-of-the-art facilities such as sequencing, proteomics, advanced microscopy (MICRON) and biophysics, combined with shared expertise and infrastructure for computational analysis. Moreover, the scientific community across the wider Oxford area, provide us with great opportunities for collaboration in innovative and multidisciplinary projects.


The Leaders of Israel vilify Jesus every chance they get. Instead of seeing Jesus as their Messiah and the spiritual and physical savior of their nation, they only see him as a threat to their power and authority over the people. They only care about themselves. This has been going on for at least 600 years so they are not about to change. They have connected themselves to the dead vine of the religiosity and traditionalism of their progenitors.
As Jesus confronts them on various issues, they resist any possibility that they may be in the wrong. They are fools who will not listen to anyone of lesser status than they.
Jesus has been going through the nation healing thousands, casting out innumerable demons and other miracles such as feeding of the 5,000. Everywhere He went there were great crowds that followed Him because He offered them hope in a dark land. He had been showing Israel sign after sign, all pointing to the fact that their Messiah was in their midst.
After approximately two years of traveling throughout Israel giving thousands of signs to draw the Little Flock to Himself, the Pharisees have the audacity to ask Jesus for a sign. They have been confronted many times with proof that Israel's Messiah was right there in front of them yet they choose not to believe and each sign given seems to provide the leaders the impetus to exterminate Him.
Christ was very willing to give signs to those whose heart was willing to believe but for those whose hearts had rejected the Gospel of the Kingdom time after time, He wasn't willing to give them any more light. Even after His resurrection He demonstrated many signs (John 20:30) but not for the unbelievers. This is why in Mark 8:11—12 He refused to give the Pharisees a sign. According to Luke 11:29 there would be no more signs for those Pharisees who were part of the generation of unbelieving and evil leaders. This generation went back at least 600 years before Jesus to the time of Isaiah (Isaiah 59).
In verse 39 Jesus gives them only one sign, that of Jonah. Just as Jonah was in the belly of the great fish for three days and three nights, so shall the Son of Man be in the heart of the earth. This of course was pointing to Jesus dying then rising back to life on the third day.
Jonah is usually portrayed as being alive in the belly of the fish for three days. Most assume there was enough air in the belly for Jonah to survive the ordeal. I've always heard his skin would have been bleached from the stomach acid. However, a more plausible alternative is that Jonah actually died then brought back to life. Jonah 2:2 very specifically says Jonah cried out from the belly of Sheol (place of the dead). Verse 4 says Jonah was cast out of the Lord's sight but the he was looking forward to seeing the Temple (in the Millennial Kingdom). Verse 6 says God brought Jonah's life from the pit. So it would seem that while Jonah's body was in the fish for three days his soul was in Sheol.
This is what happened to Jesus when He died. He went down to the lower parts of the earth, usually understood to be Hades (Sheol in the Old Testament). Then resurrected three days later. Jonah died then rose back to life and preached to the Ninevites. Jesus, interestingly, died and went and preached to the disobedient spirits who were in prison (1 Peter 3:18—20). He definitely would not be preaching the Gospel of the Kingdom since it would be too late to change their mind (Hebrews 9:27). Perhaps he preached the victory of His death burial and soon-to-come resurrection. He then takes the Paradise side of Hades to heaven (Ephesians 4:8—10; 2 Corinthians 12:4). According to Luke 16:19—31 Hades is made up of two parts, Paradise and the place of torment.
So far Israel's leaders condemned themselves by what they said (Mathew 12:24, 36) and condemned by Jesus for their unbelief and rejection of Christ (Matthew 23). Now we will see two others who condemn these Leaders.
The Queen of Sheba (1 Kings 10) is also mentioned as one who condemns the leaders of Israel through her actions. She was an extremely rich queen from northern Africa who had heard about the God of Israel and the wisdom of Solomon and decided to visit him. She asked him many hard questions and he was able to answer them all. She understood that all of Solomon's possessions and wisdom were from God and she blessed him and acknowledge the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. Since she blessed Israel, she herself was also blessed according to the Abrahamic covenant (Genesis 12:3). She was able to see God behind Solomon while the Pharisees couldn't see God behind (or in) Jesus. They were blind while she could see.
The Pharisees have rejected Jesus as a Prophet, a Priest and their King. In verse 6 Jesus says something greater than the temple was with them; a reference to the priesthood. In verse 40 Jesus says something greater than Jonah was with them. He was greater than the great prophet Jonah. Verse 41 says something greater than Solomon was there. This of course was a reference to Jesus as King. The Jewish leadership rejected each office Jesus was to hold, a complete and absolute rejection.
Christ, the stronger man, was going through Israel casting out Satan, the strong man (verse 29). Satan had taken possession of Israel and no person was able to break his stranglehold. Now the housecleaning had begun as Jesus was loosening the bonds that held Israel for so long. Once the house (of Israel) was clean, Israel could make a decision to be filled with God. It would not be possible for Israel as a nation to accept Christ as Messiah until Satan was forced out. The house of Israel could now freely choose to follow Christ into the Kingdom if they decided to do so.
The problem and danger was that if they did not fill their house with God that Satan would be able to go back into the newly-cleaned house and take it over. However, the real problem was they would be seven times worse off because seven times more demons will take residence. This is what will be experienced during the Tribulation. I believe if Israel had accepted Jesus as their Messiah that there still would have been a Tribulation to fulfill all the Old Testament prophecies. The purpose of the Tribulation will be to purify Israel and get rid of any unbelievers. It's possible that the Tribulation would not be as severe if they had accepted the offer of the Kingdom because the house (of Israel) would have been filled with God instead of Satan and therefore seven times more demons would not be able to fill Israel.
While Jesus is presenting Israel's future certain of the Jews interrupted Him to say that His mother and brothers were outside and wanted to talk with Him. This was probably a satanic distraction to cause the group to refocus on something trivial instead of their future. Jesus turns it into an opportunity to tell them about the Kingdom. He says His real mother and brothers are those who do the will of the Father. It's the Father's will that Israel come to Christ (John 6:39—40). He changed the conversation from His physical family to His spiritual family.


Samuel Sang Hoy Lee, 81, of Mililani, a retired U.S. Foreign Service officer and former state representative, will be remembered in services 2 p.m. Saturday at Christ Lutheran Church, 95-1361 Meheula Parkway, Mililani. Lee died in Mililani. He was born in Honolulu. He is survived by wife Marilyn; sons John, Thomas and Andrew; daughter Kammy; brothers Tin Hoy and Chew Hoy; sister Sally Taitano; and six grandchildren. Visitation: 1 p.m. Saturday at the church. Aloha attire.


text:
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Bayonne Community Mental Health Center
Trinitas Department of Behavioral Health and Psychiatry's primary mission is the same as it was 50+ years ago – to address the mental health care needs of individuals, families, and institutions in the City of Bayonne and surrounding communities.
For decades, our center has provided essential mental health programs to the residents of Bayonne and neighboring communities, including child, adolescent, and adult outpatient psychiatric services, child and family therapy programs, child abuse and domestic violence programs, crime victims' services, partial care programs for adults with serious mental illness, adult and outpatient addictions services, and a variety of successful community awareness and outreach programs.
Our specific aims are to:
Reduce the severity of the psychological symptoms which diminish individuals' ability to live freely and productively in their home and community
Help individuals develop their psychological and social strengths to improve personal and social functioning
Help individuals experience a greater sense of self-determination, satisfaction, and connection with others
Trinitas Department of Behavioral Health and Psychiatry provides effective behavioral health services delivered by exceptional staff who work together with respect and compassion for the patients they serve. Our wide range of behavioral health treatments help patients face the stress of daily life, the challenges of aging, and finding alternatives to chemical dependency. We offer our comprehensive services to children and adults in a diverse range of settings, from our mobile crisis unit to our emergency department, as well as in inpatient and outpatient settings. Our multidisciplinary, bilingual staff includes board-certified psychiatrists, psychologists, licensed clinical social workers, substance abuse counselors, creative art therapists, and other expert support staff.
In the spirit of continued and future success, our center plans to invest significant funding with the intention of upgrading important elements of administration, including electronic medical records, computerized registration and billing software, and high-speed telecommunications equipment.
We are staffed by licensed clinicians in several disciplines including social work, psychiatry, and marriage and family. A variety of modalities are utilized, including Family Therapy, Individual Therapy, Group Therapy, Psychiatric Evaluations, and Medication Monitoring.
Outpatient Service
Our outpatient offerings include:
Child and family services
Domestic violence and sexual abuse counseling
The Outpatient counseling department is a dynamic, integral component of the Bayonne Community Mental Health Center. Services include Adult Services, Child and Family Services, Domestic Violence and Sexual Abuse Counseling, and Psychiatric Services. A variety of modalities are utilized, including Family Therapy, Individual Therapy, Group Therapy, Psychiatric Evaluations, and Medication Monitoring.
We provide individual counseling and additionally offer several groups, including Anxiety Management, Anger Management, Introduction to Family Therapy, and Difficult Relationships. Everyone is eligible to apply for services and our professional staff will work to provide the most appropriate services in a timely and therapeutic manner.
Partial Care - New Horizons
The philosophy of New Horizons' Partial Care Program is a holistic approach to a healthy mind, body, and spirit. The focus is on the healing and recovery of the person as a whole being and not on the label of mental illness. New Horizons Partial Care Program provides daily group activities, including music therapy, spirituality and recovery, stress reduction, groups for men and women, multicultural awareness, cinema therapy, and more.
Bayonne, NJ 07002
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Partial Care
Bayonne Community Mental Health Center Outpatient Center
Office Location 95 Old Short Hills Road
West Orange, NJ 07052


VAC has established after-school EEC Enrichment Program through collaboration with Castleton Elementary School. Our multiage, five day a week Enrichment Program offers school-age children an opportunity to develop social / emotional and academic skills in a safe and nurturing environment. The VAC at Castleton Afterschool Program serves children in kindergarten through 5th grade, from 3 pm. to 5:30 pm., following the school calendar.


3) In terms of prospects for the future, whether this system is in danger of breaking down - which would be a positive development for the US and for the whole world - or whether the Deep State and its related media arm will risk unleashing what might be the final war in human history in an attempt to preserve its power, privileges, and wealth.
Let us start with the first part, the behavior of the media. Anybody who has been paying attention during the last 25 years, perhaps longer, is familiar with some of the methodologies of how the American major media carry water, so to speak, for government policy in the area of war and peace. Think, for example, of the recent strike on the Syrian aid convoy, or so-called "Aleppo Boy" few weeks ago. When an event occurs somewhere in the world, American and other western officials immediately, within minutes, are making accusations as what happened and who is to blame, based on little or no facts, just assertion. That story then goes around the world, over all the major prestigious media instantly, all reporting the same story in the same way to pin the blame on the somebody being targeted. Only after that happens, people may start to ask questions - what really happened there? Is this story true? What are the facts?
However, by that time the story moves on, the media are not interested anymore. Any factual challenges end on the back pages somewhere if reported at all. We saw this in Bosnia, in Kosovo, during the Gulf War, and so on. This is just one of the many methodologies that are detailed in the study about how the media serves as a transmission belt to simply sell the pro-war story to a public, especially here in the United States.
Tactics of this sort are facilitated by the fact that most Americans know little about the outside world, a kind of blank canvas on which information can be painted. For example, in 2014 there was a study done about how many Americans could locate Ukraine on a map without the names marked on it. Only one out of six people polled could even locate in the general neighborhood of Ukraine where Ukraine actually was. Some thought it was in a middle of the Atlantic Ocean, some thought it was in the middle of the United States. Interestingly, the less people knew about Ukraine or where it was, the more convinced they were through the media narrative that the United States needed to do something forcefully in Ukraine.
There are many aspects of how media transmission belt works. This study tries to lay out the various methodologies and then links them to the underlying government entity in the service of which these methodologies are employed.


Distributors of Hi-Fi and other audio equipment in Japan - audiotools.com.
Please note that things work a bit differently in Japan than in most other countries, there is a thin and sometimes invisible line between business agents and distributors. This means that most companies that handle local distribution for smaller Japanese companies also handle exports on behalf of them.
Aedio, 46 Minami-Enoki-Cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo.
Tel: +81 3 32661071. Fax: +81 3 32661072. E-Mail: aedio at eal.or.jp.
Tel: +81 47 336 2604. Fax: +81 47 336 3669. E-Mail: apollon at h4.dion.ne.jp.
Japanese export and import agent, primarily handles the export of audio related parts including those from New Japan Radio Co. but is also the USA export agent for SAEC and the local importer of Audiodesksysteme Gläß, Camelot Technology, Stein Music and Supra Cables. Please note that their homepage has never had any content on it and is included here just for completeness sake.
Askom Inc., Mitaka Takagi Building. 4F, 1-15-5 Nakacho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-0006, Japan.
Tel : +81 422 54 3031. Fax : +81 422 53 1181. E-Mail : kagami \at\ askom.co.jp or mail /at\ askom.co.jp.
Audio Reference Inc., 3-16-9 Nishihara-Cho, Fuchu-Shi, Toyko 183-0046, Japan.
Tel: +42 574 3185. Fax: +42 574 3186.
Audio Union, 2-3 Kanda Awajicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0063, Tel: +03 5295 8822. Fax: +03 5295 8943. E-Mail: info at audiounion.jp.
Distributes Acoustic Energy (AE), Acoustic Plan, Ayre Acoustics, Finite Elemente, FM Acoustics, Kharma, Krell, Thiel, Transparent Cable, Wadia and Wilson Audio locally in addition to handling the worldwide distribution of Phase Tech and TAOC.
Axiss Corporation, 2-34-27 Jingumae, Shibuya-Ku, Tokyo 150 Japan.
Phone: +81 35410 0071. Fax: +1 35410 0622. E-Mail: post ]at- axiss.co.jp.
Cayin Laboratory Japan, 49 Kanda Neribei-cho, Chiyodaku Tokyo, 101-0022 JAPAN.
Tel: +03 5298 7735. Fax: +03 5298 7736. E-mail: info at cayinlabo.com.
Car audio specialist, distributes BRAX, DLS, Dynamat, EFX, Helix and USD.
CLASS A Co Ltd, 30-24 Sakaecho 2 chome Kodaira-shi, 187-0034 Tokyo, Japan.
Tel: +81 42 342 7419. Fax: +81 42 342 6822. E-mail: office at class-a.co.jp.
Combak Corporation, 4-20, Ikago 2-Chome, Zusi-shi, Kanagawa-pref. 249-0003, Japan.
Conduct Company, 304 Lune-Mamakura-Ueki, Kamakura-si. Kanagawa-ken 247, Tokyo.
Tel: +81 4 6743 6522. Fax: +81 3 5210 9390. E-Mail: kenshowkojima at conductcompany.com.
Distributes Adam Audio, Analysis Plus, Aurum Cantus, Braehler, Carver Professional, Charteroak, CTC Builders, Dolby Laboratories, EAW, Elysia, Figueras, Groove Tubes, Hyperion Sound Design, Ivie, Lonero Engineering, Norma, Pendulum Audio, Radio Design Labs, Seriegraph, Shenzhen Shanling, TacT and Zingali.
Continental Far East Inc., Continental Bldg., 3-18-9 Roppongi, Minatoku, Tokyo 106-0032, Japan.
Tel: +81 3 3583 8451. Fax: +81 3 5572 6742. E-Mail: info at cfe.co.jp.
Deluge Audio Supply, 151-2 Takaragaoka Meitou-ku, Nagoya 465-0043, Japan.
Tel: +052 772 3478. E-Mail: DELUGE at synnet.or.jp.
Electori Co. Ltd., 2-19-6 Kanamecho,Toshima-Ku, Tokyo, Japan 171-0043.
Tel: +81 3 3530 6190.
Fühlen Coordinate, 2-19-3 Sotokanda, Ochanomizu Kimura BLG 4fl., Chiyodaku, Tokyo 101-0021, Japan.
Tel: +81 3 5256 7031. E-Mail: info at fuhlen.jp.
Hi-Fi Renaissance Ltd. Co., 3-19-4 Shimootiai, Tyuuou-ku, Saitama-City, Saitama-ken, 338-0002 Japan.
Tel: +81 (0)48 858 0606. Fax: +81 (0)48 858 0607. E-mail: hfr at gol.com.
Distributes Audiovector, Musical Fidelity, Rega and Soundstyle.
H & K Corporation Ltd., 1-12-11 Shojida, Okazaki, Japan.
Tel: +815 6453 1775. Fax: +815 6453 1491. E-Mail: heinz at hideho.co.jp.
J-Voxx, Sunahara Bd. 5F, 1-21-13 Takadanobaba, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0075.
Tel: +(81) 03 3209 5055. E-mail: info at j-voxx.com.
Phone: +03 5821 1321. Fax: +03 5821 1325.
Knicom Co. LTD., Unane 718, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki 213, Japan.
Phone: +81 33 777 3570.
Sales agency, handles all overseas sales of Air Tight and Acoustic Masterpiece products.
KT International Ltd, Hyogo, Japan.
Tel: +81 727 66 3375. Fax: +81 727 66 5035.E-Mail: ktinter [at] nifty.com.
MBL Kyoto, Holiday Inn Kyoto 3F, 36 Nishi-hirakicyo, Takano Sakyoku, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan.
Tel: +075 712 1700. E-Mail: info at mbl-japan.com.
Japanese export agent, handles the worldwide sales of a number of smaller Japanese companies including Acoustic-Revive, CSE, fo.Q, Leben, Musica, Oyaide, SAEC and Spec Corporation, please note their homepage has never had any content on it even though its been up for the best part of a decade and is included here only for completeness sake.
Muson Project Inc., 1-5-7, Nishi-hommachi, Nishi-ku, Osaka 550-0005, Japan.
Tel : +81 (0)50 3387 8543. Fax : +81 6 6535 1766. E-Mail : y-hontani /at/ musonpro.com or muson \at/ leto.eonet.ne.jp.
Noah Corporation, 70-8 Wasedamachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0042, Japan.
Tel: +81 3 52724211. E-mail: yrl04603 at nifty.com.
Network Japan Corporation, 2-8-12 Higashi Kagaya Suminoe-ku, Osaka, Japan.
Tel: +06 6686 6355. Fax: +06 6681 5734. E-Mail: info at network-jpn.com.
Ortofon Japan Co. Ltd., Ochanomizu Fujiya Miura Bldg. 6 Fl., 2-2-6 Yushima Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0034.
Phone: +81 3 3818 5243. Fax: +81 3 3818 5899. Email: ortofon_jp at nifty.com.
Local and export distributor, handles the worldwide distributuion of ZYX, Final, Furuyama Audio Lab (FAL), Mactone, Micro Components, Audio Note/Kondo, TAOC, Winds, Zerodust and 47 Laboratory and in some cases local distributuion as well. Distributes KR Audio Electronics in Japan.
Sibatech, Inc., 2-17-3-202 Nihonbashi Kayabacho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0025 Japan.
Japanese export agent, handles Seiden, Seisin Engineering and Takman Electronics amongst others.
Solidgreen Trading Co., Sakae Bldg. #203, 1-18-41, Naka, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-0004, Japan.
Tel: +81 42 505 4350..
Japanese export agent, distributes Bakoon Products and Seiden.
Tachyon Limited, 2F Azuma building 4-13-7, Sotokanda , Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0021, Japan.
Tel: +81 03 5296 9265. Fax: +81 03 5296 9266..
Distributes Avalon Acoustics, Cardas, dCS, Jeff Rowland, Nagra Audio and RPG Diffusor Systems. Company run by Mr. Sheen Uchida.
Taiyo International, 2-12-9 Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan.
Tel: +81 (0)3 6225 2777. Fax: +81 (0)3 6225 2778..
In addition to beinging a large manufacturer on its own (née TEAC) the company also handles the distribution of a number of mostly high end brands locally including Aragon, Avantgarde Acoustic, Avid Hi-Fi, Bell'o, Grand Prix Audio, Rel Acoustics, Tannoy, Van Den Hul and WBT.
Distributes American Recorder, Caig, Goldring, Keith Monks Sound Systems Monitor, In-Akustik, Michell Engineering, Milty, Pickering, QED and Sound Organisation.
Tosy Corp., Shibuya-Ku, 150 Tokyo.
Tel: +81 (3) 54235511. Fax: +81 (3) 54235515. E-mail: akane.urata at tosy-corp.com.
Distributes Eastern Electric amongst others.
TRN Company Limited, White House, 3-2-5 Miyanodai, Sakura, Chiba, 285-0857, Japan.
Tel: +81 043 460 6355. Fax: +81 043 461 0450. E-Mail: maik at peach.ocn.ne.jp.
Ving Co. Ltd. , 21-51 Chome Kami-Ohsaki Shingawa, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan.
Tel: +81 3 5423 3281. Fax: +81 3 5423 3288. E-Mail: ving at zag.att.ne.jp.
Yukimu Corporation, 1-41-9 Ohi Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo 140-0014.
Tel: +81 (3) 57 436 202. Fax: +81 (3) 57 430 057. E-Mail: info at yukimu.com.
Japanese business that locally distributes Aesthetix, AudioMachina, CH Precision, Ocean Way Audio, Organic Audio, Viola Audio Labs and Zellaton. Company is owned by Stella Inc..
Zephyrn Inc., Nakamaru cho 51-10, Itabashi ku, Tokyo 173-0026, Japan.
Tel: +03 5917 4500. Fax: +03 3958 9324..
See also: Amtrans (Lundahl), Asia Theatre Engineering (Rossner & Sohn), Denon (Dali, Infinity, Arcam & Kimber Kable), CEC (Vienna Acoustics) and Orpheus Laboratories Switzerland (Orpheus).


Tourism is turning up to be an instrument of social, cultural and economic development world-wide as one of the fastest growing sectors. In country like India, rich natural beauty, cultural heritage, archaeological heritage sites, its diverse culture, languages, ethnicity, climatic conditions there is an enormous scope for tourism promotion. Manipur, "land of jewel" is one of the seven sisters in the North Eastern state of India with pleasant climate, rich nature, wildlife, cultural heritage, unique flora and fauna and vibrant and colourful festivals is a potential tourist destination. It has over 50 tourist spots, which can attract lots of tourist word-wide. Despite having so much to explore, tourism sector has not played its best to attract tourist. The objective of the study is to explore the reasons which is affecting the growth of tourism in Manipur by using fish-bone analysis and pareto analysis.
	Ateeque Ahmad and Shabina Hussain, Department of geography, Aligarh Muslim University U.P. India on 'the problems and prospects of the tourism industry in Manipur'. International journal of current research, 17583- 17587 (2015).
	Manipur tourism department (2018) record of the domestic and foreign tourist traffic.
	Prasanta bhattacharya. 2008. Tourism development in the north east India. European bulletin of Himalayan research 32: 143-161.
	SibiArasu 'Cultural trips in Manipur' 8-40 (2016) publication.
	SibiArasu 'Short escapes from Imphal' 10-40 (2016) publication.
	Susmita Mohanty and Pradhan, B.B. 2016. An empirical study on tourism potential of koramput district, Serials publications, 13(7): 2819-2838.
SANASAM, Lonashree; PRADHAN, Bibhutibhushan; MOHANTY, Sasmita. An Empirical Study on Tourism Potentiality of Manipu. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, [S.l.], v. 9, n. 6, p. 1303-1311, feb. 2019. ISSN 2068-7729. Available at: <https://journals.aserspublishing.eu/jemt/article/view/2676>. Date accessed: 22 apr. 2019. doi: https://doi.org/10.14505//jemt.9.6(30).20.


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{{Infookvir nacionalna vojska
| naziv = Jugoslavenska narodna armija
| država genitiv = Jugoslavije
| izvorni naziv =
| slika =
| opis = Grb JNA (1951.–1991.) i grb JNA (1991.–1992.)
| utemeljena = 22. prosinca 1941. (kao armija partizanskog antifašističkog pokreta)1. ožujka 1945. (kao službeno državno vojno tijelo Jugoslavije)
| sadašnji ustroj =
| raspuštena = 20. svibnja 1992.
Nasljednici: Vojska Jugoslavije, Vojska Republike Srpske, Vojska RSK
| grane =  Kopnena vojska JNA  Jugoslavenska ratna mornarica  Jugoslavensko ratno zrakoplovstvo
| stožer=
| vrhovni zapovjednik = Josip Broz Tito  Predsjedništvo SFRJ (poslije Titove smrti)
| vrhovni zapovjednik titula =
| ministar = Popis ministara obrane SFRJ
| ministar titula = Savezni sekretar za narodnu obranu
| zapovjednik =Popis načelnika GŠ JNA
| zapovjednik titula =Načelnik Generalštaba JNA
| povijest =
| činovi = Činovi u oružanim snagama SFRJ
| slika2 =
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Jugoslavenska narodna armija (skraćeno JNA; srp.: Jугословенска народна армиja/Jugoslovenska narodna armija, slo.: Jugoslovanska ljudska armada, mak.; Југословенска народна армија)  (22. prosinca 1941. – 20. svibnja 1992.) bila je dio jedinstvenih oružanih snaga SFRJ do njezina raspada. Službeno je ukinuta 20. svibnja 1992. godine.

Partizanske snage pod kontrolom Komunističke partije Jugoslavije, NOVJ preimenovane su krajem II. svjetskog rata u Jugoslavensku armiju (JA); da bi 1951. godine nastavila ta vojska postojati kao Jugoslavenska narodna armija (JNA).

JA je branila suverenitet i teritorijalni integritet Jugoslavije; u završnim borbama protiv Nijemaca i njegovih snaga na kraju II. svjetskog rata – među kojima su bile i oružane snage NDH – uspostavila je kao dio pobjedničkih savezničkih snaga vlast nad cjelokupnim teritorijem ranije Kraljevine Jugoslavije, te nad dijelom etničkog hrvatskog i slovenskog teritorija koji je nakon prvog svjetskog rata bio pripao Italiji; ti su teritoriji danas dijelovi Hrvatske i Slovenije. U postupku uspostavljanja kontrole nad teritorijem Jugoslavije počinile su snage JA cijeli niz ratnih zločina protiv civila i zarobljenih neprijateljskih vojnika – od pokolja na otoku Daksi kod Dubrovnika u listopadu 1944. do zločina na Bleiburgu i Križnom putu 1945.

Početkom 1990-ih godina je JNA – čiji je zapovjedni kadar bio nadproporcionalno popunjen etničkim Srbima – u cijelosti preuzela ulogu instrumenta agresivne velikosrpske politike i odigrala ključnu ulogu u agresiji na Republiku Hrvatsku u Domovinskom ratu. Razdoblje prikazivanja da je posrijedi doista "jugoslavenska", a ne srpska vojska dovršeno je raketiranjem Banskih dvora u Zagrebu 7. listopada 1991., kojemu je očiti cilj bio ubijanje novoizabranog hrvatskog predsjednika Franje Tuđmana, tadašnjega hrvatskog predstavnika u predsjedništvu Jugoslavije (i kasnijeg predsjednika RH) Stjepana Mesića i tadašnjeg premijera Jugoslavije (i također Hrvata) Ante Markovića, koji su u vrijeme napada imali sastanak u Banskim dvorima: dan nakon tog pokušaja ubojstva hrvatskog političkog vodstva, proglasio je Hrvatski sabor osamostaljenje od Jugoslavije, donošenjem Odluke o raskidu državnopravnih sveza s ostalim republikama i pokrajinama SFRJ.

Povijest
Svoje korijene JNA vuče iz Narodnooslobodilačke borbe i partizanskih odreda Jugoslavije. Nakon oružanih partizanskih ustanaka, pod rukovodstvom Komunističke partije Jugoslavije, 22. prosinca 1941. u mjestu Rudo (BiH) osnovana je 1. proleterska brigada Narodnooslobodilačke vojske Jugoslavije, od četiri srpska i dva crnogorska bataljuna, što je kasnije bio službeni praznik osnivanja oružanih snaga Druge Jugoslavije.

Pred sam kraj Drugog svjetskog rata, 1. ožujka 1945. godine, NOVJ dobiva naziv Jugoslavenska armija (skraćeno JA).

U povodu proslave desetgodišnjice razvoja, 22. prosinca 1951., Jugoslavenska armija je preimenovana u Jugoslavensku narodnu armiju (JNA), čime je, kako je objašnjeno, i formalno naglašen njen narodni, socijalistički i revolucionarni karakter.

Najdosljednija je provoditeljica titovske jugoslavensko-komunističke politike. JNA je krajem svoga postojanja počinila javnu veleizdaju svih nesrpskih naroda u Jugoslaviji.

1960. – 1970.
Krajem studenoga 1968. je JNA prvi put intervenirala radi "smirivanja" naroda. Albanci su u Prištini i inim gradovima na Kosovu na 27. studenoga, koji je bio državni blagdan susjedne Albanije, Dan zastava, masovno izašli na ulice. Zahtijevali su da AP Kosovo postane republikom (poznati slogan: Kosovo republika!). Milicija i JNA su brutalno reagirale i tako ugušile nemire. Sličan scenarij se ponovio za vrijeme albanskih prosvjeda na Kosovu 1981. godine.

1970. – 1980.
Za vrijeme hrvatskoga proljeća 1971. JNA je, na graničnom području SR Hrvatske i SR Slovenije organizirala najveće združene vojne vježbe u svojoj povijesti, pod nazivom Sloboda '71 kojima je bio nazočan i Tito osobno. Te su vježbe imali funkciju pritiska i zastrašivanja na tadašnje disidentsko hrvatsko rukovodstvo i javno mnijenje.

Poslije Titove smrti JNA počinje voditi samostalnu politiku i Predsjedništvu SFRJ, kao ustavnoj osmočlanoj Vrhovnoj komandi, sve manje polaže račune.

1980. – 1990.
U rano proljeće 1981. JNA je, prvi puta u svojoj povijesti, oružano intervenirala na prostoru SFRJ, kada je uporabom borbenih sredstava i strahovitom demonstracijom sile, te provedbom neproglašenog izvanrednog stanja, uz civilne žrtve prekinula albanske demonstracije na Kosovu. Nakon tih događaja, na Kosovu je osnovan 52. korpus kroz koji će, na zapovjednim mjestima, proći brojni visoki časnici JNA što su 1990-ih slijedili politku Velike Srbije i provodili je diljem prostora nekadašnje SFRJ, poput Blagoja Adžića, Ratka Mladića, također i generali Dragoljub Ojdanić i Nebojša Pavković (optuženi za ratne zločine pred Međunarodnim sudom za ratne zločine počinjene na području bivše Jugoslavije), itd. Oružano interveniranje JNA na Kosovu je potaklo spekulacije, u zemlji i svijetu, kako bi JNA mogla preuzeti vlast u zemlji nakon što se sustavna kriza, poslije Titove smrti, nadalje komplicirala.

"Na XII. Kongresu SKJ (1982.) u Centralni komitet SKJ ušlo je 16 aktivnih generala. Tisuću časnika bilo je u svakom času na raznim političko-partijskim dužnostima izvan redovnog vojnog ustroja, ostvarujući na taj način kontrolu nad civilnim insitucijama i zadovoljavanje političkih i materijalnih interesa JNA, koja je kontrolirala i mnoge državne funkcije pa je tako 14 generala i admirala bilo postavljeno za veleposlanike SFRJ u drugim zemljama. Prvo kolektivno Predsjedništvo SFRJ (od svibnja 1980. godine, nakon Titove smrti, do 1984. godine), koje je prema Ustavu imalo funkciju vrhovnog zapovjednika oružanih snaga, brojilo je osam članova, a svi su bili pričuvni generali ili pukovnici".

Generali JNA kontrolirali su vojnu industriju, veoma važnu kariku jugoslavenskoga gospodarstva. Više od 550 tvornica je u SFRJ bilo sustavnim dijelom vojnoindustrijskoga kompleksa. U razdoblju od 1981. do 1990., vrijednost izvoza naoružanja i vojne opreme iznosila je 11,77 milijardi USD. Za financiranje JNA izdvojeno je u 1986. godini 4,79 %, u 1987. 4,61 %, u 1988. 4,21 %, u 1989. i 1990. godini 4 % sredstava iz jugoslavenskoga proračuna (ili za 1990. oko 2,5 milijarde USD). Gospodarski i financijski aspekt moći JNA ilustrira i podatak da je njena pokretna imovina 1990. procijenjana na 70 milijardi USD.

JNA je obnovila vojnu intervenciju na Kosovu početkom 1989. za vrijeme novih albanskih prosvjeda na Kosovu. Opet je bilo ubijenih civila Albanaca.

Preustroj JNA

Obrambeni sustav SFRJ od usvajanja Koncepcije općenarodne obrane 1968. godine čine JNA i TO, a ova koncepcija ONO i DSZ osnažena je Ustavom iz 1974. godine koji je decentralizirao Jugoslaviju, odnosno republike i pokrajine su dobile prevlast nad saveznom državom. Decentralizirane republike bez Titovog diktatorskog nadzora 1980-ih su se nastojale demokratizirati, počele su sporu transformaciju prema demokratskim društvima. Vojni vrh JNA je u Sloveniji i Hrvatskoj vidio najveću opasnost, protiveći se, nakon kraja hladnoga rata neminovnim promjenama u SFRJ i većoj samostalnosti republika. Općenito, na riječima, zauzimali su se za "ravnopravnost naroda i narodnosti".

U realnosti, JNA se osamostalila i postala samostalan čimbenik. Samostalna JNA odnosno njeni čelnici (Mamula i Kadijević) željeli su potpuni nadzor nad oružanom silom, te im je Teritorijalna obrana smetala jer se u biti radilo u slabijoj, ali republički nadziranoj postrojbi, iako su njeni zapovjednici formalno bili podložni lokalnim zapovjednicima JNA. Stoga je 1986. predložena, a u veljači prihvaćena inicijativa o preustroju JNA pod kodnim imenom vojišne organizacije Jedinstvo. Preustroj JNA stvorio je četiri vojne oblasti:
 Vojnopomorsku oblast sa sjedištem u Splitu - koju su ugrubo činili dio Istre, Primorje, Dalmacija i otoci, te crnogorsko primorje
 5. VO sa sjedištem u Zagrebu, koja su činile Slovenija i manji dio Hrvatske, tj. Hrvatska zapadno od crte Virovitica-Karlovac-Karlobag bez onoga uključenog u Vojnopomorsku oblast
 1. VO sa sjedištem u Beogradu koju je činio ostatak Hrvatske (istočno od crte Virovitica-Karlovac-Karlobag), BiH, Vojvodina i dio Srbije
 3. VO sa sjedištem u Skoplju koju je činio ostatatak Srbije, Crna Gora, Kosovo i Makedonija

Paralelno kako se JNA preustrojavala i spremala za rat, u Srbiji početkom rujna 1987., nakon 8. sjednice Centralnog komiteta SK Srbije Milošević preuzima potpunu vlast u Srbiji, generali JNA su bili sumnjičavi prema Miloševiću i njegovoj politici. No, već sredinom 1988. godine, po svjedočenju generala Veljka Kadijevića, armijski je vrh nudio Miloševiću da, uz podršku JNA, postane novi premijer SFRJ. Potkraj 1980-ih pojačava se politička srbizacija JNA te ona početkom 1990-ih postaje oruđe velikosrpske politike srbijanskog predsjednika Slobodana Miloševića i sudjeluje u agresiji na Sloveniju, agresiji na Hrvatsku i agresiji na Bosnu i Hercegovinu.

U knjizi "Slučaj Jugoslavija", objavljenoj 2000. godine u Podgorici,  Branko Mamula potvrđuje kako je armijski vrh SFRJ planirao i izvodio aktivnosti koje su za cilj imale uspostavu vojne diktature (državnog udara) u Jugoslaviji i to znatno prije negoli su sjeverozapadne republike pale u ruke "nacionalistima", pa i prije nego što je u Srbiji kormilo preuzeo Milošević:

"Poznato je da je JNA, barem njezin značajan dio, do posljednjeg trenutka ostao čvrsto na pozicijama komunizma i čvrste jugoslavenske federacije. No, kako se opcija čvrste federacije u svojoj biti poklapala s najvažnijim ciljevima miloševićevskog velikosrpstva ("svi Srbi u jednoj državi") sasvim je razumljivo da je JNA ubrzo postala i njegovom snažnom braniteljicom".

Nacionalna struktura

Jedno vrijeme uspjela se u redovima časničkog kadra JNA održavati ravnopravna zastupljenost svih naroda Jugoslavije. Kada nakon Hrvata Ivana Gošnjaka kao ministra obrane dolazi 1967. godine na to mjesto Srbin Nikola Ljubičić, on protežiranjem svojih ljudi počinje mijenjati nacionalnu strukturu u vojnim vrhovima i prestaje se poštovati Zakon o ravnomjernom sudjelovanju svih naroda u popuni profesionalnog kadra u JNA.

*Najveći nesklad očitovao se od 1986. do 1990. - nakon memoranduma SANU i preustroja OS SFRJ udio Srba u časničkom zboru prelazi 70%.

Godine 1985. indeks zastupljenosti Crnogoraca u aktivnom časničkom i dočasničkom kadru u odnosu na postotak stanovništva Jugoslavije bio je 204 (5,82%, a u ukupnom stanovništvu 2,58%), Srba 157, Makedonaca 113, Hrvata 63, Muslimana-Bošnjaka 41, Slovenaca 34, Albanaca samo 14. Procjenjuje se da je od 70.000 profesionalaca u JNA, njih 50.000 ili oko 70% bili Srbi ili Crnogorci (prema statistici iz 1985. godine bilo ih je 63%), a na vodećim mjestima taj postotak bio je još i viši. Prema podacima koje navodi Branko Mamula (Slučaj Jugoslavija, str. 335. – 336., CID, Podgorica, 2000.) 1985. godine, generalski kor činilo je 0,29 % od ukupnog broja djelatnih vojnih osoba. Crnogoraca je među generalima i admiralima bilo 11,1 %, Hrvata 19 %, Makedonaca 4,9 %, Slovenaca 10,4 %, Srba 46,5 %, Muslimana 2,8 %, Albanaca 1,4 % i Jugoslavena 4,9 %. Po republičkom podrijetlu struktura je bila sljedeća: iz Bosne i Hercegovine 15,28 %, iz Crne Gore 11,11 %, iz Hrvatske 30,56 %, iz Makedonije 3,47 %, iz Slovenije 9,72 %, i iz Srbije 28,47 % od toga 18,06 % iz Srbije, 5,56 % s Kosova i 4,86 % iz Vojvodine.

JNA i KOS
Snažnu polugu svoje moći, generali JNA su imali u KOS-u, tajnoj vojnoj službi sigurnosti, koja je provodila operacije nadzora nad čimbenicim političkoga i javnoga života. KOS je imao široku mrežu konfidenata.

JNA i Milošević
Nakon 14. kongresa (20. do 22. siječnja 1990.) i raspada SKJ, generali su 19. studenoga 1990. u Beogradu osnovali Savez komunista — Pokret za Jugoslaviju (SK-PJ), s malim brojem članova izvan JNA. Oko 75.000 registriranih članova SK-PJ bili su djelatni časnici i dočasnici, kao i građani na radu pri JNA. Za vrijeme prvih višestranačkih izbora u Srbiji 9. prosinca 1990. generali su kroz SK-PJ podržali Miloševićevu Socijalističku partiju Srbije (SPS).

Miloševićev SPS se, poput JNA,  protivio gospodarskoj reformi proliberalnog jugoslavenskog premijera Ante Markovića. Nadalje, ono što ih je spajalo, bilo je kruto inzistiranje na Jugoslaviji kao isključivo federalnoj zajednici. Milošević je računao da će na temelju brojčane dominacije Srba kao većinskoga naroda, uvođenjem princima jedan čovjek-jedan glas, sustavno legalizirati srpsku dominaciju nad ostatkom Jugoslavije.

Za takvu su dominaciju bili zainteresirani brojni Srbi, djelatni i utjecajni umirovljeni generali JNA, najprije intimno a potom i sasvim javno. Na drugoj strani, JNA je u federalnom kontekstu vidjela sebe i s privilegiranim i nepromijenjenim monopolima, političkim i gospodarskim.

Miloševićeva žena, Mirjana Marković, je bila član Saveza komunista — Pokreta za Jugoslaviju. Ova je partija 1994. promijenla ime u Jugoslavenska ljevica (JUL) a Markovićeva je bila predsjednica JUL-a. U drugoj polovici 1990-ih JUL će biti koalicijski partner SPS-u.

Tijekom velikih cjelodnevnih prosvjeda 9. ožujka 1991. srpske oporbe, koje su uzdrmale Miloševića, JNA je u večernjim satima izvela tenkovske postrojbe na ulice Beograda u znak podrške Miloševiću.

Ratni ciljevi JNA
U siječnju 1991. godine se oglasila Politička uprava Saveznog ministarstva obrane (SSNO-Savezni sekretarijat za narodnu obranu) internim priopćenjem koje je trebalo biti imperativnim temeljem djelovanja JNA u predstojećim događajima. Najprije su, u spomenutom priopćenju, prognozirali da će SSSR nastaviti igrati ključnu ulogu na globalnoj sceni, te da su se "Sovjeti počeli pribirati". "Ni u Jugoslaviji socijalizam nije dokrajčen i bačen na koljena", objasnili su generali. Oni su odbacili mogućnost očuvanja kao konfederalne zajednice (savez suverenih država) jugoslavenske zajednice i zatražili da se JNA uključi u političke rasprave o budućnosti zemlje:

"...Naša iskustva govore da Jugoslavija može postojati jedino kao država. Ako nije država, nije Jugoslavija, onda je nešto drugo. Ono što neki nude u Jugoslaviji kao konfederaciju, to faktički nije država, niti može biti...Naš osnovni zadatak mora biti stvaranje pretpostavki za funkcionisanje federalne države. To najprije znači likvidirati proboje koji su izvršeni u području jedinstva oružanih snaga; realizirati zadatke razoružanja i likvidirati paravojne organizacije u Jugoslaviji....Sada posebno treba paziti na osiguranje visokog stupnja borbene spremnosti jedinica i funkcionalnosti i sigurnosti sistema rukovođenja i komandovanja...Usporedo se svi moramo zalagati u konstituiranju i osposobljavanju Saveza komunista - pokreta za Jugoslaviju".

Sve do listopada 1991. godine u vrhu JNA prevladavala je "jugoslavenska" opcija (bez Slovenije), te opcija očuvanja neznatno modificiranog komunističkog sustava, ali su slomom planiranih ofenziva u tom razdoblju definitivno odbačene.

Glavna JNA publikacija, tjednik Narodna armija je 23. listopada 1991. objavila, bez ikakva komentara, izgled novih obilježja i simbola JNA bez petokrake zvijezde, kao prepoznatljivoga komunističkog obilježja JNA. U naredna će dva mjeseca, tijekom agresije na Hrvatsku te u vrijeme priprema agresije na Bosnu i Hercegovinu, u konačnom je i izvršena nova simbolička prekompozicija JNA koja je kao novu oznaku dobila modificiranu srpsku kokardu.

"Namjesto petokrake na kapama je, kao i na vojničkim zastavama, pečatima, dokumentima, od prvih dana 1992. trebalo da se nalaze trobojne oznake (štitovi, kokarde) u jugoslavenskim bojama".

Početkom 1992. godine SFRJ napušta, najprije Makedonija, a potom i BiH. Vrh JNA je, u međuvremenu, etapno priješao put od zagovornika SFRJ na ogoljenu inačicu Velike Srbije, kroz formu tkz. Treće Jugoslavije. Na tom putu JNA sve više odbacuje krinke i postaje u biti srpska vojska.

Ustroj JNA
JNA se sastojala od Kopnene vojske, Ratnog zrakoplovstva i protuzračne obrane i Ratne mornarice. Godine 1968. dolazi do stvaranja Teritorijalne obrane SFRJ (TO).

Vojni rok
U početku je vojni rok u JA trajao dvije, tri ili četiri (RM, osim obalne obrane) godine, takvo je stanje vrijedilo do 1952. godine, kasnije se obavljao dvije godine, u određenim rodovima, iznimno tri godine. Osobe sa završenom srednjom ili njome izjednačenom školom, te s višim obrazovanjem, imale su pravo vojni rok obavljati tijekom jedne godine. Vojni leksikon spominje 15 mjesečni vojni rok, u RM 18 mjeseci. U završnoj fazi, vojni rok je trajao godinu dana, osim za osobe koje iz vjerskih razloga odbiju držati oružje, koje su vojni rok služile 24 mjeseca.

Ratne operacije JNA

Još u travnju 1990. godine, kada se vidjelo da HDZ pobjeđuje, a Ivica Račan odbija izvršiti udar, JNA je hrvatskoj Teritorijalnoj obrani (TO) oduzela sve naoružanje (za oko 200.000 vojnika). Slovenija je uspjela djelomično spriječiti preotimanje naoružanja njihove TO, tako da u ratu u Sloveniji nisu bili nenaoružani.

JNA je ispočetka zauzela prividno neutralno stajalište, no još ljeta 1990. se je izravno stavila na stranu srpskih pobunjenika, neposredno nakon izbijanja balvan-revolucije. RH je tad iskusila grubi zador u svoj suverenitet, kad je zrakoplovstvo JNA (JRV) interveniralo protiv hrvatskog MUP-a. To je bilo kad je 17. kolovoza 1990. MUP RH poslao prema Kninu 3 helikoptera s policajcima radi gušenja velikosrpske pobune, a iznad Ogulina su ih presreli 2 zrakoplova MiG-21 JNA (JRV) koji su zaprijetili helikopterima da će ih srušiti, ako ne skrenu s predviđene rute i ne vrate se u Lučko.

Nakon kratkotrajna rata u Sloveniji koncem lipnja 1991. godine, za čiji je povod uzet izgovor kontrole međunarodnih graničnih prijelaza - a koji se okončao potpunim evakuiranjem JNA s teritorija Slovenije -  glavni strategijski cilj JNA je postao teritorijalno komadanje Hrvatske. Pod objašnjenjem da "JNA štiti srpski narod u Hrvatskoj", organizirala je JNA vojničke postrojbe Srba u okviru tkz. Krajine. JNA je, sredinom 1991. godine, kako tvrdi general Veljko Kadijević, Srbima u Hrvatskoj "pomogla da se vojnički, pa i politički pripreme za događaje koji će slijediti".

Kako je izgledala strategijska zadaća JNA napada na Hrvatsku? O tome izvješćuje general Kadijević u svojoj knjizi tiskanoj 1993. u Beogradu:

"Strategijsku zadaću izvesti u dvije faze. U prvoj, pretežno protuvudarima taktičkog značaja na više pravaca dok se Hrvatska jače ne uključi (napad na kasarne), uz pojačano organiranje i pripremu srpskih pobunjenika, a u drugoj, jedinstvenom strategijskom napadnom operacijom poraziti hrvatsku vojsku... Zamisao manevra snaga: Potpuno blokirati Hrvatsku iz vazduha i mora. Pravce napada glavnih snaga direktnije vezati za oslobađanje srpskih krajeva u Hrvatskoj i garnizona JNA u dubini hrvatske teritorije. U tom cilju ispresjecati Hrvatsku na pravcima Gradiška-Virovitica, Bihać-Karlovac-Zagreb, Knin-Zadar i Mostar-Split (znači, sve do slovenačke granice). Najjačom grupacijom oklopno-mehanizovanih snaga zauzeti istočnu Slavoniju, a zatim nastaviti djelovanje na zapad, spojiti se sa snagama u zapadnoj Slavoniji i produžiti prema Zagrebu. Istovremeno, jakim snagama iz Herceg-Novog i Trebinja blokirati Dubrovnik, s kopna izbiti u dolinu Neretve i na taj način sadejstvovati snagama koje nastupaju s pravca Mostar-Split. Nakon dostizanja određenih objekata, osigurati i držati 'granicu Srpske krajine' u Hrvatskoj, izvući preostale dijelove JNA iz Slovenije i poslije toga pomoći JNA iz Hrvatske".

Kraj JNA
JNA je službeno ukinuta krajem svibnja 1992. kada iz njeznih ostataka nastaju Vojska Jugoslavije, Vojska Republike Srpske i Vojska RSK. Ostatak Vojske Jugoslavije preimenovan je 2003. godine u Vojska Srbije i Crne Gore, a nakon 2006. godine ta je vojska dobila naziv Vojska Srbije iako je bilo i prijedloga da se oružane snage Srbije nazovu Srpska vojska.

Ministri obrane

Savezni sekretar za narodnu obranu (ministar obrane) je po ustroju, činu i ovlastima bio najistaknutije djelatno vojno lice, dok je i Generalštab JNA (Glavni stožer JNA) bio u formacijskom sastavu Saveznog sekretarijata narodne obrane (SSNO) kao najviše stručno i stožerno tijelo. Formalno je savezni ministar obrane bio član Savezne vlade SFRJ (Savezno izvršno vijeće).

Savezni ministri obrane su po pravilu, odmah iza maršala Tita, imali najviše generalske činove (četiri zvjezdice): general armije ili admiral flote.

Popis saveznih ministara obrane od 1945. do 1992. godine:

Načelnici Generalštaba JNA
Popis načelnika Generalštaba (Glavnog stožera) JNA do 1945. do 1992.

NAPOMENA: Generalštab JNA ustrojen je kada i Jugoslavenska armija, 1. ožujka 1945., a preimenovan je u Generalštab Oružanih snaga SFRJ 29. rujna 1989. godine.

JNA i unutarnja politika
Tijekom svoga postojanja, kroz JNA se djelatno provodila marksistička izobrazba, a ideološki je kriterij bio dominantan. Malo koji časnik je bio izvan Saveza komunista Jugoslavije. U JNA je postojala posebna Organizacija SKJ, u rangu s osam republičkih i pokrajinskih partijskih organizacija. Šef Organizacije SKJ JNA, po činu general, bio je članom najvišeg jugoslavenskog partijskog organa Predsjedništva Centralnog komiteta SKJ.

Zanimljivosti
U JNA je od saveznoga Ustava 1963. do saveznih ustavnih amandmana (1971.) u uporabi "srpskohrvatski" jezik - što se provodi uglavnom na način da se koristi srpska ekavica pri pisanju službenih dokumenata, izdavanju zapovjedi te u vojnim tiskovinama. Od saveznih ustavnih amandmana 1971. navodi se osiguravanje prava na ravnopravnost jezika i pisama naroda i narodnosti u SR i SAP, kao i osiguravanje upotrebljavanja jezika naroda i narodnosti u dijelovima JNA. Ustavnim amandmanom XLI, točkom 4. od 8. srpnja 1971. ne navodi se više srpskohrvatski jezik, nego se omogućava donošenje saveznoga zakona kojim bi se odredilo jedan od jezika naroda i narodnosti kao zapovjedni jezik, kojim bi se obavljala i obuka u JNA. Od saveznoga Ustava 1974. godine događa se postupno oslobađanje od stege srpskohrvatskoga jezika tako što je omogućeno zapovijedanje na slovenskome jeziku i makedonskome jeziku, a bilo je dopušteno govoriti i pisati jezicima naroda i narodnosti, kao što su mađarski i albanski iako se tim jezicima nisu izdavale zapovjedi niti su se na njima objavljivali vojni listovi. U Enciklopediji Jugoslavije (2. izd., 6. sv., 1990., str. 242.), August Kovačec navodi kako se u jedinicama teritorijalne obrane potiče uporaba jezika socijalističkih republika, socijalističkih autonomnih pokrajina, općina i sl.

Pismo u uporabi unutar JNA bilo je većinom latinično pismo, a pojedine su vojne novine od 1945. pa nekoliko narednih godina bile tiskane ćiriličnim pismom.

Danas u Hrvatskoj, prema podatcima za 2011. godinu, 11.540 umirovljenih kadrova JNA prima mirovinu u prosjeku od 3.028,84 kn.

Pogledajte i
Činovi u Oružanim snagama SFRJ

Literatura
 Davor Marijan, "Slom Titove armije", Golden marketing-Tehnička knjiga - Hrvatski institut za povijest, Zagreb, 2008.,

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Jugoslavenska narodna armija - važnija obilježja, Davor Marijan
Yugoslav Army's Central Intelligence Unit: Clandestine Operations Foment War
HercegBosna.org - Raspad SFRJ i priprema agresije
 Dusan Bilandžic: Hrvatska moderna povijest, Golden Marketing, Zagreb, 1999 - Epilog: Što je bila Jugoslavija
 Ivan Aralica: Zadah ocvalog imperija, Znanje, Zagreb, 1991 - Laž i kornjačevina
 Davor Domazet-Lošo: Hrvatska i veliko ratište, Udruga Sv.Jurja, Zagreb 2002 - Preoblikovanje JNA kao vojske tipa ideološke jednakosti u srpsku imperijalnu silu

Oružane snage SFRJ

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Upgrade to Green Creative's 57837 T5 plug-and-play LED linear tube and retrofit the lighting in your commercial spaces without any inconvenience. No rewiring or ballast bypass required! Featuring a frosted glass lens and micro-designed driver, this 4 ft. dimmable lamp will produce 270 degrees of diffused light from end-to-end in a 3500 Kelvin, halogen white color temperature.


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Digital Safety Resources for Families
Families and caregivers are the best at helping their young people know what online behavior is acceptable in their lives and homes. Adult family members can help the youth in their lives stay safe online and become responsible digital citizens by making their household values and expectations known, being aware of what their young people are posting, watching, reading, and participating in online and by educating themselves on internet safety and trends. There are numerous resources and opportunities to help.
Parents' Ultimate Guides | Common Sense Media
23 Great Lesson Plans for Internet Safety | Common Sense Education
Protect Kids Online [PKO] Podcast | Wisconsin Department of Justice (state.wi.us)
FTC resources on filters and tools available.
FTC information about protecting kids online.
Internet Safety and Digital Responsibility resources from the Colorado School Safety Resource Center
ConnectSafely nonprofit nonprofit organization dedicated to educating people about safety, privacy, security and digital wellness
Digital Futures Initiative teaches digital citizenship to today's youth
Internet Filters at Schools and Libraries
Colorado schools and public libraries that receive federal funding comply with the Children's Internet Protection Act and the Neighborhood Internet Protection Act. These laws place restrictions on the use of funding that is available through the Library Services and Technology Act, Title III of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, and on the Universal Service discount program known as the E-rate. These restrictions take the form of requirements for Internet safety policies and technology which blocks or filters certain material from being accessed through the Internet. Internet filters are software programs that block access to content that is considered inappropriate for viewing in a public place. Filtering software protects against the visual depiction of pornography, obscenity and child pornography. No filtering software is totally accurate. Filters may falsely block material that is appropriate in a school or public library setting or they may fail to block access to illegal or objectionable material. Customers may send requests to block or unblock a specific site to the school or public library that is providing filtered access to the internet.
While the Colorado Department of Education is sensitive to the concerns of customers about Internet content, no one, including CDE, can control information available on the Internet.
State Library Home
Adult Library Services
Early Learning and Literacy in Libraries
Institutional and Prison Libraries
Library Laws, Policies and Standards
Literacy and Youth Services
Resource Sharing and Web Services
Our Libraries:
State Publications Library
Talking Book Library
Colorado Historic Newspapers Collection
Colorado Virtual Library
Libraries Learn
Library Jobline
Library Research Service (LRS)
Projects administered by the Colorado State Library are made possible in part by grant funds from the Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS).


text:
Taranaki Harbours Act 1965
Before its repeal, this Act was administered by: Ministry of Transport
Taranaki Harbours Act 1965: repealed, on 3 June 2017, by section 3(1) of the Statutes Repeal Act 2017 (2017 No 23).
View whole (60KB)
1 Short Title and commencement
This Act may be cited as the Taranaki Harbours Act 1965.
This Act shall come into force on 1 September 1965.


The Romblon National Institute of Technology (RNIT), formerly known as the Alcantara National Trade School (ANTS), underwent a third cycle of accreditation with the on-site visit of the APACC team to its premises from July 9-10, 2018. The activity was embarked with the hopes of RNIT renewing its APACC accreditation, a status it held from 2012 until 2014.
The APACC team is composed of the Team Leader and CPSC Faculty Specialist, Ms. Therese Tan-Lee; APACC Team Member and CPSC Faculty Consultant, Dr. Chithral Ambawatte and APACC staff and Research, Publications and Information Officer, Mr. Rae Emmanuel Echaveria. They were warmly welcomed by the RNIT faculty and staff led by their vocational school administrator, Engr. Israfel L Manqui.
In his opening speech, Engr. Manqui motivated the RNIT faculty and staff to "regain the lost glory" of the institution and gear it up to international expectations through subjecting their processes to the audit and scrutiny of APACC. In response, the APACC Team Leader, Ms. Lee, reaffirmed APACC's commitment to assist in the development of VET institutions in the region through the implementation of quality assurance process in its systems and operations.
During the two-day activity, RNIT was audited based on the seven components of APACC namely: (1) Governance and Management, (2) Teaching and Learning, (3) Human Resources, (4) Research and Development, (5) Image and Sustainability, (6) Other Resources and (7) Support to Students. During this process, an extensive review of their documents and evidences were examined by the APACC team to validate the scores that they indicated in their self-study report.
RNIT is an autonomous Vocational Training School located in Brgy. Poblacion, Municipality of Alcantara, Province of Romblon, Philippines. It was created under the provisions of the Republic Act 4581 which was approved on June 19, 1965. On May 23, 2016, the Republic Act 108491 was enforced, changing its former name to the present.


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The Inspiring Story Of Chargebee Founders: Scripting Success From Chennai To San Francisco
Shivangi Asthana
Founders of Chargebee have an inspiring story that restores your faith in the age-old saying that there is no substitute for hard work.
Funding Analysis: Urban Company Gets A Booster Shot As It Outraces Rivals For Lockdown Gigs
The home services firm Urban Company has been valued at $2 billion after it rose $190-million through Prosus Ventures. Being backed by Ratan Tata and Kalyan Krishnamurthy, Urban Company is the twelfth Indian start-up to join the unicorn club of 2021.
Unicorn Startup? Byju's Is Busy Acquiring Its Tag As India's First EdTech Conglomerate
Byju's is on its way to becoming an educational conglomerate. The company bought Aakash Educational Services for $950-million in a cash-and-stock deal.
Hero Group Set To Disrupt The Indian EdTech Ecosystem
Teachers being the unsung hero during a pandemic, education space became more prominent during this time and became the catalyst of change. Last year, 4,440 ed-tech platforms raised funding of more than $1.1 billion, which is four times more than what was raised in four years previously.
Startup Case Study: Oyo And Nestaway Lead The Change In Travel Tech
In this uncertain economy, age-old businesses have laid off their employees by drastic margins, giving way for an abrupt terrain for employees and businesses to sustain in the start-up ecosystem. India is seeing waves of changes in the transitioning of the travel tourism sector in 2021.
Zomato's IPO Is Not Good But Great News For Swiggy
Shaghil Bilali
Even if we take $3.4 billion valuation into account, Zomato looks likely to take the driver's seat from Swiggy after the launch of the IPO. If it happens, it will be no mean feat for Zomato which was far behind Swiggy till two years back. Zomato started turning its fortunes around in the beginning of this year.
Zomato Aims To Catch Up With Swiggy In A Race of Cloud Kitchens And Cash Burn
Amit Parhi
Social restrictions compelled by the pandemic have created enormous opportunities for food delivery apps like Zomato and Swiggy. These businesses, successful and in-demand now, experienced some initial hiccups in the first phase of the lockdown, but orders then grew exponentially as the days passed. Now Zomato is looking to raise $100 million from US investment firm Tiger Global Management to further its market size.
Flipkart set to fight while Bansal looks to decamp
DKODING
Flipkart co-founder and former CEO Binny Bansal has sold $14 million worth of shares in the company to New York hedge fund Tiger Global, according to regulatory filings accessed through data intelligence platform Paper.vc.
UrbanClap raises $75 million led by US-based investment fund Tiger Global
The company had raised $50 million in November last year led by Steadview and Vy Capital. This was the Series E round led by US-based investment fund Tiger Global Management.


Peacebuilding in 2017 . . . who's with me?
December may be the easiest month of the year to be intentional about your Peacebuilidng efforts. Around every corner is a red kettle, toy donation box, or literal sign stating "Peace". Whether you celebrate a holiday in December or not, you can't deny that good things are happening all around. The homeless are being fed, children receiving gifts, and even T.V. commercials become somehow peaceful.
I'll admit, I got a little misty-eyed the first time I saw that commercial. After nearly a year of conflict filled political commercials, it was refreshing to see true partnership and love between two people that disagree on many of the fundamental issues that define who they are.
When They Go Low, We Go High..."