Santa Clara, Cuba, Jun 25 (Prensa Latina) A fire reported in one of the venues of the Telecommunications Company of Cuba (ETECSA) in this central city causes today severe damages to the coverage of cell phones on the island.
According to a press release issued by the entity, the incident occurred in a technological site of the Telecommunications Center of Villa Clara, which provokes serious damage to the cellular network in the west and center of the country.
The provinces of Villa Clara, Cienfuegos and Sancti Spiritus, in the center, as well as the western Pinar del Rio remain totally without cell coverage, ETECSA reported.
In addition, the number of services for mobile phones that begin with 54, 55 and 56 from any region of the country can be affected, according to the telecom company's statement.
Local radio reports point out that the source of the fire has not yet been clarified, which occurred in one of the most central buildings in Santa Clara, the capital of Villa Clara province, some 250 kilometers east of Havana.
At this moment, the causes are being identified and the contingency measures are taken, according to the authorities.
ETECSA will continue to inform the population through the mass media and the usual channels of information, as well as telephones 118 and 52642266, the company points out.
The Telecommunications Company of Cuba (ETECSA) reinforces and facilitates communications for the families of the victims of the Boeing 737-200, which crashed on Friday with 113 people on board.
Quick and executively, following the guidelines of the Executive President of the Telecommunications Company of Cuba (ETECSA), Engineer Mayra Arevich Marín, ETECSA freed the calls made from the public phones, where these people stayed, as well as the medical staff, authorities and specialists linked to the clarification of the sad event.
ETECSA workers at Tulipán Hotel, which accomodates the relatives of the victims of the plane crash that killed 110 people.
Likewise, and as it was right in such a circumstance, in which they all join shoulders, the company gave these people a recharge GSM (mobile recharge coupon) coupon free of charge.
"In every hand that we reached out to deliver a coupon, we tried to leave the warmth of our solidarity", pointed out on his Facebook, Javier Ferreira Herrera, head of the Commercial Department of the North Territorial Management of the Havana Division.
Like him, other ETECSA workers decided to support the mourners with the logistical possibilities of the company from that first night. That was, for example, the case of Leidy Díaz Castillo, commercial executive of the Mini Sale Spot of Cerro and Boyeros.
"She hadn't had time to reach her house back from work", she tells Cubasi, when a call indicated to her that a new mission awaited her, this time at the Legal Medicine Institute. Firstly there and then at Calixto Garcia Hospital, she delivered the free cards that would allow those people overwhelmed by the tragedy to continue making phone calls.
From that night, Leidy recalls the faces of silent pain that watched her, when she offered them that aid, minimal compared with such huge losses. "I watched their speechless faces and thought about my 20-year-old daughter", she says.
From social networks, many ETECSA workers have echoed both solidarity and support: "I did not expect less from our enterprise, giving support to those who need it, I am proud of being part of it, thank you!!!", Eddy David Amaya Abreu says.
Zaymi Blanco Javier, on behalf of all Cubans is grateful for the attention that is offered right now to the victims' relatives and adds: "I am sure that all commercial executives of the company are willing to collaborate at any time they need us. My condolences to the relatives and thank you again".
Among the condolences and support phrases that continue to flood Facebook people can also read the one posted by another ETECSA worker, Elisa Alfaro, which could well summarize the feeling that encourages all Cubans today: "In Havana, in Holguin and throughout #Cuba, ETECSA joins the pain of all and as always it puts its resources and services in terms of those who need them before an event of this magnitude. We facilitate services, doctors fight to save the survivors, the people acted with discipline, the press informs minute by minute…., this is #Cuba, this is #ETECSA, this is how we are. #StrengthCuba".
Cuba's Telecommunications Company ETECSA announced on Thursday that the number of active cell phone lines has reached five million thus confirming the incrase of that service over the past few years.
According to statistics released by the company, some 43 thousand cell phone lines were active in December 2003, a figured that increased to 223 thousand by April 2008.
The numbers grew to reach one million lines in June 2010, two million in March 2014 and three million in April 2015, while in December 2016, the figured reached four million active lines.
The Telecom company has noticeably expanded its services including internet rooms and wifi hotspots throughout the island, as well as still limited home-based adsl connections.
Along with the state services, private workers have spread cell phone repair and sale businesses in many areas, what has helped Cubans enjoy the use of smart phones for their communication in different modalities.
The local telecommunication enterprise of Cuba has worked intensely in a series of programs to increase the access to internet.
With these advances the nation already has 1552 areas for the internet access and there are 595 Wifi with the presence in all the municipalities of the national territories and 755 internet areas with other parts and that is to say the Joven Club center, units of emails and hotels.
Elisa Alfaro Díaz, who is the specialist of communication of ETECSA, pointed out that the efforts have not only centered on the increase of the points of access, as well as the technical and trade actions to increase the speed of internet.
For the current year, the expansion would continue the services, promoting the telephone incorporation and the data by using the fixed and mobile networks, as well as developing the display of the nation´s wide band.
The official highlighted that there were 1000.000 and 586000 related account in use for the use of internet and it is commercialized over $ 27000.000 of temporary cards.
Another of the positive results reached by the local ETECSA enterprise in 2017 was the connection of all the nation's university to the optic fiber, besides, the wide of the band. There were 39 senior students, 27 professional technical schools, 170 High Schools and 8 Nursery centers.
The connection to the nation's most important hospitals throughout its Faculties Medicines and it was extended that service to over 200 Policlinics and 190 drugstores and out of 50 ones in the capital city which allows a much better control and localizing of medicines.
Elisa Alfaro Díaz, confirmed that the Cuban people would be able to have access on internet in the current year through the mobile data and the related terminal should be technically compatible.
The local Nauta Hogar service has had many acceptation even when the rates are a bit high and there are 14634 Cuban homes have that provision and the ETECSA has planned to install 52500 new services.
The computerization process of Cuban society had a very significant moment in 2017, and in 2018, one of the main challenges, already announced, of the Telecommunications Company of Cuba (ETECSA), is the launch of data service for Cubans to have Internet service on their cell phones.
On a tour with executives and specialists of ETECSA's Mobile Services Division through base stations in different levels of operation in the east of the Cuban capital, it was known that this is a process that kicked off strongly in 2015 and reached a greater boom in 2016 and 2017.
According to Frank Pavón Carbonell, Central Director of this Division, the company has been developing a very intensive process in the deployment of mobile base stations throughout the country, with major emphasis in the capital, because it gathers almost half of the mobile clients.
"It is important to create the bases and that fast technological deployment ETECSA is carrying out at present will positively influence offering a service with higher quality and efficiency to our clients".
In the old silence zones in which 2G and 3G technologies already coexist, voice call is improved and data service is allowed, guaranteeing there is no interference or signal loss.
Each base station already comes out with two services to provide greater solutions to voice calls and strengthen data service –assures José Leonardo Rubio, head of the Operations and Maintenance Department of Mobile Network in Havana-, so when it is decided to expand the service to the population, to clients, it becomes a quality service, and it will always be necessary to have a good investment plan so the client's feeling is good.
"Opening a service solves nothing, if it is bad later. It's preferable to dedicate a little more time to the implementation of the new sites so everything comes out with the quality you want to offer".
Regarding the technology that is being used and the flexibility of the process, Rubio points out it has an optimum quality and is at a level comparable with any country in the world.
"It's a technology already proven in our country and has provided very good results. We will continue to work in this moment, "firstly to launch the service in the two authorized technologies and then we will continue the development plan, in both sites and technologies to achieve that our clients really feel satisfied with the service the Company wants to offer them", he asserts.
With the installation of 279 base stations across the island in 2017, there were more than 400 at the end of the year. On this matter, Yudith Toledo, Director of the Territorial Division in Eastern Havana, confirms this is a complex process in which the Company has progressed significantly, so everything is ready in due season and the service can come out with the necessary quality.
"And ETECSA's workers and all those who are committed with the service process are working with a great sense of belonging, with great responsibility, always forward".
For his part, Frank Pavón, Central Director of the Mobile Service Division, summarized: "ETECSA and the Ministry of Communications (MICOM) of our country are carrying out very intensive actions to open mobile services at their best to all the Cuban people.
"Despite the US blockade, we are working and we will accomplish it".
ETECSA's team in charge of 3G technology installation. The journalists in each corner.
Cubans and visitors to Cuba will have additional access to reliable and uninterrupted connectivity throughout the main island of Cuba as ETECSA, Cuba's national telecommunications operator, signed a deal with SES Networks for satellite services, SES announced today.
SES Networks will augment ETECSA's existing terrestrial infrastructure with its high-performance fibre-like medium earth orbit (MEO) capacity and improve connectivity for end-customers of the Cuban operator.
"By working with SES Networks, we are ensuring that our customers across the main island will have a new way to access high-performing Internet at all times through this innovative satellite system. Our collaboration with SES Networks highlights ETECSA's mission of providing telecommunications services that meet the current and future needs of Cuban citizens and our customers, as well as contributing to the country's socio-economic growth," said Ing. Mayra Arevich Marín, executive president of ETECSA.
ETECSA provides public telecommunications services throughout the territory of the Republic of Cuba.
The computerization process of Cuban society consolidates and marked a standard for our economic and social development in the year that has just concluded.
At the end of 2017, Wilfredo González, Deputy Minister of the Ministry of Communications (MINCOM), reiterated that there's no limitation from the political point of view for Cubans' access to the Internet, but a willingness to increase both their access and the basic products and services that use new technologies for the benefit of the population.
The Cuban vice minister highlighted the effort of the Telecommunications Company of Cuba (ETECSA) in terms of institutional connectivity, as a basis for the computerization of the country and how it is working with national entities, Central State Administration bodies and Software development enterprises in creating conditions and infrastructure capacity. This is a step that allows processes that are computerized within these entities not only to benefit them, but the population as well.
According to the deputy minister of the Ministry of Communications, it has been necessary to organize and build more infrastructures for the creation of digital contents and there are outstanding actors in that process, such as the Youth Computer and Electronics Clubs across the country or CubaEduca Portal, of the Ministry of Education (MINED), positive experiences that have been widely accepted and that should continue expanding in 2018.
As Wilfredo González states, the Telecommunications Company of Cuba continued the expansion of its services in the year that has just concluded, dynamically inserting itself into the computerization process and establishing itself as main axis for the development of society as a whole.
In conversation with Mayra Arevich, ETECSA executive president, she reiterated the priority the company grants to the individual wellbeing and development of Cubans. She said that 600,000 mobile phone lines have been activated in 2017 alone, for a total of 4.5 million in the country and works are underway to surpass 50 percent of telephone density with this service.
There are already more than 500 public WiFi hotspots in all municipalities and the marketing of the highly demanded Nauta Home service began last September 9, with more than 11,000 accesses now.
ETECSA worked on the expansion of other services linked to important institutional networks that later become welfare for the population: all universities were connected and their bandwidth was increased by high reliability fiber optic link; the connection to the most important hospitals of the country with their medicine faculties was completed and it was extended to more than 200 polyclinics and 190 pharmacies, 50 of them in the capital.
For 2018, Mayra Arevich announced the expansion of the access of the educational sector at all levels, the start of Internet marketing via cell phone and the collection and payment gateway jointly with the National Bank of Cuba –what is known in the world as Mobile Bank– so customers can pay for such services as water, electricity, telephone itself, among others, via their cell phones.
"We have a high commitment with the mission the Revolution has given us with telecommunications development, of being able to contribute to the development of the country and the wellbeing of the population. (…) This is a sector that progresses very quickly and there's a high commitment with the people", she stated.
The more than 600 Youth Computer and Electronics Clubs (JCCE) that are scattered throughout the country continued bringing the use of new technologies closer to the Cuban family in 2017. Thus, there stood out products like "Mochila" (Backpack), an important entertainment option that operates as a non-traditional TV cannel and that can be acquired in all Youth Clubs facilities free of charge.
The collaborative Encyclopedia Ecured consolidates today as Cuba's best positioned website on both web 2.0 and the main Internet search engines, and continues to provide universal knowledge in dominium.cu to the largest possible number of customers with a current rate of 250,000 to 300,000 daily visits.
For its part, "Reflejos" (Reflections) platform, blog creation space with almost 4000 active blogs, more than 23,000 users and 300,000 daily visits, continued providing a large amount of content to Red Cuba (Cuba Network) based on our identity, interests, tastes and demands of the society.
According to Danays Moreno, director of Youth Clubs Programs, the main challenges of these facilities that are celebrating 30 years of their creation, focused on the community and the family, are the modernization of this national network and the continuous boosting of the products that are offered and to make them sustainable over time.
The University of Computer Sciences reached its 15th anniversary in 2017 and celebrated it with more than 14,000 high-profile graduates in the area of computing. More than 50 percent of all computing graduates of the country have graduated from this university, created by Cuban Revolution leader Fidel Castro with the idea that all the country's territories were represented there.
"We are now in a better position to provide services with an eye on citizens jointly with entities, (…) to take that step more visible, more noticeable by Cubans, and that has to do with infrastructure issues, but we're in better conditions, along with the institutions, which we're working with, because we have cleared a path within the institution, in information management. Now, we should continue to consolidate the offers and services to the population", Rosado specified.
This year, the Union of Computer Specialists of Cuba has consolidated too and now has more than 8,000 members across the national territory. For its president, Aylin Febles, the entity has achieved important socialization, exchange and learning spaces based on a system of activities carried out throughout the country, has identified more than 100 applications that could have been developed by the individual initiative of a technology professional, private workers, universities, technology companies or from any other sector, but there is already a bank that can be made available for the computerization process.
"In 2018, the computerization process of Cuban society will enter, undoubtedly, a higher phase. The application of the policy approved in the cybersecurity field will be an important challenge to protect not only the benefits of the Revolution, but also the data of Cuban citizens who access the Internet", stated Wilfredo Gonzalez, Deputy Minister of the Ministry of Communications.
In terms of access capacity, content development and digital services, the deputy minister considers it is necessary to seek greater affordability of the population, a much more agile organization of the process and to work on what constitutes today the main barrier Cubans have, and not only those of our country, but also those from Latin America: the absence of a relevant digital content in the networks.
Citizen participation as part of a principle of the Socialist Revolution, through the so-called e-government is another big challenge, so that citizens can suggest, share and form part of the process of socio-economic construction of the country, by means of their interaction with territorial bodies and governments via online.
Import substitution and export stimulation is something in which we also have to make progress as long as the industry inserts itself into the process –and not only through the state enterprise– to position a larger number of digital services in the Internet environment in our country and to reorganize the industry of computer applications.
"I think this is even a duty we have with the Commander in Chief, with the view the Commander in Chief had regarding this industry", the Cuban DM summed up.
Cuba progresses in the safe computerization of society, aware that the Internet era and new technologies should be a learning space, with firm development steps, inclusive and safe in order to guarantee the invulnerability of the Revolution, the defense of culture and the prosperous and sustainable socialism that our people are building.
The Telecommunications Company of Cuba, S.A., ETECSA, announced that, from December 8, 2017, from any mobile phone in Cuba, it will be possible to send international messages (SMS) to any mobile phone in the United States.
Until today, the United States was the only country Cubans were not able to send the SMS, though they could make phone calls both to cell phones and landlines. The cost of this service will be 0.60 CUC, similar to the rest of the international destinations.
For the sending of text messaging to the United States, the user must, at the time of entering the telephone number, dial, the "+" sign, the United States code, 1, the locality code and the cellular number.


Sketch where Ray and Colin argue over football and the use of the word 'we' when discussing it. Season 2 Episode 6 of That Mitchell and Webb Look.
One of the funnest clips.
Mitchell & Webb take the mick out of sky sports. enjoy!
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The American Red Cross Nursing Service  was organized in 1909 by Jane Arminda Delano (1862-1919). A nurse and member of the American Red Cross, Delano organized the nursing service as the reserve of the Army Nurse Corps to be ready just before the entry of the United States into World War I.  Key wartime decisions were made by  Delano along with Mary Adelaide Nutting, president of the American Federation of Nurses, and Annie Warburton Goodrich, dean of the Army School of Nursing.

See also
 History of nursing in the United States

Notes

American Red Cross
Nursing organizations in the United States

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Sonic the Hedgehog (2020): 'Your Blue Friend' – A Film Review
In recent years a huge amount of controversy and speculation has been around the use of CGI. We've seen more and more family films entirely in CGI, whilst magic, super powers and other effects are increasingly completely in CGI. Two controversies seems to have arisen from all this, above all else, Disney's CGI live action remakes and the depiction of Sonic the Hedgehog in the first film about him. Upon first look, audiences weren't happy, so he was reportedly changed ahead of the film's release. A fact that became, at least, a talking point, at most, a controversy. The filmmakers responded to what audiences wanted? Should audiences be able to change a film mid production? What would serve as a good use of CGI? What should Sonic look like? Despite these questions, this controversy has managed to bring Sonic the Hedgehog a lot of free attention and publicity. Regardless of whether the film is good, you're going to know it's out.
The Hedgehog in the Room
So, with all the controversy, it is perhaps warranted that we start right with the little blue animal. After all that has been said: Sonic looks… okay. The kind of film that Sonic the Hedgehog is looking to be, he's got the soft and nice animal look, which isn't realistic but quite cute and animated. Bringing him to have a bit more of a Roger the Rabbit within Who Framed Roger Rabbit kind of function. Despite anything that's been said, this depiction is perhaps appropriate for the family friendly film about friendship. It is meant as a simple and nice film and it very much is both of those things. It's quite obvious and almost sickening, over emotionally gripping, but it is nice enough.
The Room around the Hog
Around Sonic, we have performances by actors such as James Marsden and Jim Carrey. Here, James Marsden is doing his best Paul Rudd impression, whilst the film is doing its best The Smurfs impression. It comes off as an unfortunate cheap knock off. It is strange that so many family films, based upon characters and environments outside of our reality, see fit to go down the same route: a fish out of water on earth and subsequently bleeding the humour out of it. The set up provides some interest, only to switch this out for our planet earth. Given the storyline and background of sonic, it doesn't feel too out of place, just overdone already. However, going back to Jim Carrey, we have a largely enjoyable actor in a pretty contrastingly jarring position. Perhaps a poor man's The Mask or Riddler from Batman Forever could have worked in a sonic film, but it feels out of place amongst the other more serious and grounded characters.
Sonic the Hedgehog doesn't quite deserve the attention it'll get from the controversy. It is ok and just that. The likability of Sonic and the heart that they're going for, isn't too far from the mark, but it all sits far too simply and far too awkwardly within the rest of the film. Dr. Robotnik makes for an odd placement within the film, when he could have been much more if done with a little more subtlety. It's strange to have to look for a more subtle Jim Carrey, he does the ridiculously obvious so very well. He is perhaps just miscast here, or else, the vision of Sonic the Hedgehog is oddly confused. Not quite sure where it wants to take us but wanting to have the heart and Sonic the Hedgehog makes damn sure you know it.
Sonic is in hiding on earth, when he accidentally lets out some electricity, which wipes out the power in the surrounding area and suddenly alerts everyone that some thing is about. Dr. Robotnik is then assigned to discover just what Sonic is, whilst Sonic tries to find his rings to get back home.
Predictability:
A Note on My Reviews
Please read 'On Reviews' for a guide to how I write film reviews. Any spoilers are appropriately marked and, though I personally prefer to know little about a film before seeing it, there is a synopsis below the review for any who wish to see one.
Films Mentioned
Batman Forever (d. Joel Schumacher USA/UK 1995)
Sonic the Hedgehog (d. Jeff Fowler USA/Japan/Canada 2020)
The Mask (d. Chuck Russell USA 1994)
The Smurfs (d. Raja Gosnell USA/Canada/Belgium 2011)
Who Framed Roger Rabbit (d. Robert Zemeckis, Richard Williams USA 1988)
rottentomatoes.com
Jim Carrey Interview
Cast Interview
Jeff Fowler Interview
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Situated in the city of Patan, Gujarat, the North Gujarat University was established in the year 1986. The university caters the academic and societal needs of the region. It also has collaboration with international universities namely, California State University, USA, West Chester University, USA, Penn State University, USA, GSW University, USA and De'Montford University, UK. The National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) has accredited 'B' grade to the university.
The university comprises of the following departments in which the undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral courses are offered.
Department of Master of Pharmacy.
The admissions are awarded through merit basis and entrance test. But generally, an individual should have intermediate education in order to be able to apply for the admissions in the undergraduate programs and a bachelor's degree is necessary for those who wish to apply for postgraduate programs. University conducts Gujarat Common Entrance Test (GCET)to get admission in management sciences and conducts admission test for all other programs.


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Home Entertainments Know About Swedish Golfer Anna Nordqvist Husband Kevin McAlpine Who Is A Former Caddie Of Lexi Thompson
Know About Swedish Golfer Anna Nordqvist Husband Kevin McAlpine Who Is A Former Caddie Of Lexi Thompson
Born as Anna Maria Nordqvist and professionally known by the stage name Anna Nordqvist is a Swedish professional golfer. Besides, Anna plays on the US-based LPGA Tour and the Ladies European Tour. Apart from this, the 34-year-old, Swedish golfer has won three major championships in her career including, the 2009 LPGA Championship, the 2017 Evian Championship, and the 2021 Women's British Open. Moreover, Anna is only the non-American to have won a major championship in three different decades. In this article, we will be discussing on Anna Nordqvist's husband Kevin McAlpine.
The Eskilstuna, Sweden origin, Anna Nordqvist has started her professional golf career in 2008. Later, she joined the LPGA tour in 2009. To date, she has 12 professional wins which include 9 LPGA tours, 4 Ladies European tours, and one other. Likewise, Anna has also been awarded the Swedish Golfer of the Year Award twice in 2009 and 2017. In her debut year, she has won the LET Rookie of the Year award in 2009. Most recently in August 2021, she has won her third major championship, the AIG Women's Open in Scotland. Without further delay, here are some interesting facts on Anna Nordqvist's husband Kevin McAlpine.
Know About Anna Nordqvist Personal Life and Relationship
Following Anna Nordqvist's personal life, she is currently in a marital relationship with her husband, Kevin McAlpine. Furthermore, Anna Nordqvist's husband Kevin McAlpine is a former Scottish Amateur champion. As of now, Kevin is Martin Laird's full-time caddie. Besides, Kevin is the son of former Dundee United goalkeeper Hamish. Kevin McAlpine has been working as a caddie for a long time. Apart from being a full-time caddie of Martin Laird, he has also worked predominantly on the LPGA Tour. Moreover, Anna Nordqvist's husband Kevin McAlpine has also tasted victory with both Lexi Thompson and Amy Yang.
Moreover, Anna and Kevin started dating for a long time. Later, the couple announced their engagement in 2018. In December 2018, Kevin purposed to his longtime girlfriend Anna, while going on a vacation in Steamboat Spring, Colorado. Anna revealed the news of her engagement through Instagram. Moreover, the couple has planned their wedding for 11 July 2020, however, due to COVID-19, they had to postpone their marriage. Later, she announces to her fans and followers that she has shared her wedding vows with Kevin in 2021 with the presence of close friends and family.
Anna Nordqvist and Kevin McAlpine tied their engagement knot in 2018. Picture Source: Pinterest.
Who Is Anna Nordqvist Husband Kevin McAlpine?
As mentioned earlier, Anna Nordqvist's husband Kevin McAlpine is a former Scottish Amateur Championship. Apart from this, Kevin is also popular for being the son of a soccer player, Hamish. Nonetheless, Kevin is also popular for being a caddie of one of the most successful American female golfers, Lexi Thompson.
Moreover, Anna Nordqvist's husband Kevin McAlpine is of Scottish descent. Moreover, Kevin completed his graduation from Colorado State University. In the beginning, Kevin also used to sell kids golf equipment which he quits later to be the caddie of Thompson.
Kevin McAlpine Is A Caddie
The former Scottish Amateur Champion, Kevin McAlpine started working as a caddie after leaving his professional golf career. Moreover, Kevin has a career record of 10-under 62 at the Old Course at St. Andrews. In 2017, Anna Nordqvist's husband Kevin McAlpine started his career as a caddie. He started caddying Lexi Thompson before the ANA Inspiration Championship in 2017.
Moreover, McAlpine helped Thompson in navigating a four-stroke penalty in the final round of ANA Inspiration. Apart from this, he has also participated in numerous other golf tours as a caddie. However, Kevin quits his job as a caddie of Lexi Thompson in 2018 during the CME Group Tour Championship in Naples. Additionally, Kevin has worked predominantly on the LPGA tour and tasted victory with both Lexi Thompson and Amy Yang.
Kevin McAlpine Is Now A Caddie of Martin Laird
As of 2021, Kevin is a full-time caddie of Martin Laird. After four years on the LPGA, Kevin has joined Martin Laird. Furthermore, Kevin and Martin have competed with each other in a Scottish Youth Championships at Crail back in their old days. Later, they became team-mates at Colorado State University. Moreover, Martin also helped Kevin to get his scholarship and played together for two years.
Anna Nordqvist's husband Kevin McAlpine is a full-time caddie of Martin Laird. Picture Source: Pinterest.
Moreover, Anna Nordqvist's husband Kevin McAlpine started his caddying career at Old Collier in Florida. As of now, he is caddying Martin Laird and also sharing a good partnership.
Kevin McAlpine Tied Engagement Knot in 2018 With Anna Nordqvist
The longtime lovebirds, Kevin and Anna dated nearly for a decade before they tied their engagement knot. At the end of 2018, Nordqvist took a month-long leave from her golf career to enjoy her vacation with her long-time boyfriend Kevin McAlpine. The couple went to Steamboat Spring, Colorado. On 13 December 2018, Kevin purposed his partner, Anna with a diamond-embedded ring while skiing in Steamboat.
Eventually, she said yes to his proposal and soon announced the news to her fans through the Instagram post. After two years of their engagement, the couple decided to take a step forward in their relationship. Both Anna and Kevin planned their wedding ceremony and take a wedding vow as per the European culture on 11th July 2020. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the couple has to postpone their marriage date to 2021. Additionally, Anna and Kevin could not walk down the aisle in July 2020. Later, she posted some of her pictures with her soon-to-be husband Kevin on Instagram notifying that they will be celebrating their wedding ceremony in 2021 with their close friend and family.
Anna Nordqvist
Kevin McAlpine
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Yes! I will also begin to host Weddings in 2017.
Documentary, photographing natural and honest emotions 100%. I encourage you to spend some time on my website, you should be able to get a good idea of my style from my galleries.
This is one of those questions I encourage you to invest a little time in to no matter if you book with me or someone else. It's very important that you are on the same page as your photographer when it comes to how well you'll work with one another on your wedding day. So I'll start by telling you a little bit about what I look for in regards to if I think we will work well together.
I appreciate all the inspiration that social media such as Pinterest and Instagram have to offer. I, however, am not a Pinterest photographer. And by that I mean, I don't want to be given an inspiration board of someone else's work to replicate. As artists, our best work is done when we are given the go ahead to "just do what you do". My hope would be that you would choose me based on my work and ability to create images that are as honest and unique as you both are.
I love a marriage focused couple who aren't too caught up in the details of the day should things not go completely as planned. An open mind and willingness to be up for anything (within reason, lol) is a plus.
My approach is documentary in style, capturing real moments in an artful but non obtrusive way. I do very little posing. I will, however, give you direction and promise to make you feel as comfortable as possible.
And last, the images you receive will be fully edited, but I do not overly process my photos. Again, take a look at my galleries to see my editing style.
Bottom line is I want to create images that will help you remember what it felt like on your wedding day, not just what it looked like.
I have a full line of Canon cameras and lenses. Canon 5D II, 5D III and 5D IV SLR Digital Cameras. Canon Prime lenses, 35mm, 50mm, 100mm 135mm.
Shoot me over an email to hello@darcydempster.com or fill out the contact form and I will send you over a PDF with information about my packages and pricing.
WE'D LOVE FOR YOU TO PHOTOGRAPH OUR WEDDING, HOW DO WE BOOK YOU?
Awesome! It truly is a great honor that you have chosen me to take part of such a symbolic day. To secure your date, I require a non refundable deposit and a signed contract.


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Commodore OS, voller Name Commodore OS Vision, war eine Linux-Distribution, die vom Startup-Unternehmen Commodore USA entwickelt wurde und als Betriebssystem für die von diesem Unternehmen zusammengestellten PCs gedacht war. Commodore OS basierte auf Debian und Linux Mint, war ausschließlich erhältlich für x86-64-Prozessoren und nutzt die Desktop-Umgebung Gnome 2. Die erste öffentlich zugängliche Beta-Version wurde am 11. November 2011 veröffentlicht.

Commodore OS wurde seit seinem Erscheinen auf jedem von Commodore USA verkauften Rechner fertig installiert mitgeliefert oder konnte kostenlos von der Hersteller-Website heruntergeladen werden. Bis dahin wurde Ubuntu als Betriebssystem genutzt.

Commodore USA deklarierte Commodore OS als Software im Beta-Stadium. Da das System primär auf die Komponenten der vom Hersteller verkauften Retro-PCs ausgerichtet ist, wurde für die Kompatibilität mit anderen Standard-x86-64-PCs keine Garantie gegeben, da evtl. Treiber fehlten.

Nach dem Tod des Firmengründers im Dezember 2012 wurden in den folgenden Monaten sämtliche Aktivitäten von Commodore USA eingestellt.

Umfang
Commodore OS stellte neben der unter Linux üblichen Standard-Software das Emulatorpaket VICE zur Verfügung, so dass klassische Software für Commodore 64, Commodore C128, CBM-II, Commodore PET, Commodore VIC-20, Commodore Plus/4 entsprechend dem Entwicklungsstand der einzelnen Emulatoren genutzt werden konnte, die ROMs der einzelnen Computermodelle wurden mit der Distribution allerdings nicht mitgeliefert. Des Weiteren war DOSBox und VirtualBox enthalten. Eine Emulation des Amigas war nicht möglich, ein entsprechender Emulator wie UAE war in der Distribution nicht enthalten. Commodore USA hatte nur die Namensrechte an den Commodore-Computermodellen auf Lizenzbasis erworben, dies jedoch im Bereich des Intellectual Property unterlassen.

Design
Commodore OS wurde entworfen, um das klassische Aussehen und die Bedienbarkeit älterer Commodore-Computer nachzuempfinden und soll als eine Art Huldigung der Tastatur-Computer gedacht gewesen sein.

Kritik
Es gab eine Menge Kritik bezüglich des von Commodore USA geschaffenen Hypes und der Behauptung, sie hätten ein "neues Betriebssystem für unsere Computer" erschaffen, während man sich lediglich einer bereits existierenden Linux-Distribution bemächtigt hat. Kritik gegenüber CUSA kam auch besonders von Linux-Experten, die behaupteten, die Entwicklungszeit könnte kaum länger als zwei Wochen gedauert haben, um ein paar Skripte zu schreiben und die Standard-Mint-Grafiken durch ihre eigenen zu ersetzen.

Einzelnachweise

Commodore
Eingestellte Linux-Distribution


Persons born "on the line" between two Zodiac Signs of Taurus-Gemini or Gemini-Cancer partake of qualities found in both Signs or, more strictly speaking, have a blend of traits that may compose an individual nature. Due to variations in astrological calendars, this may became apparent during the last few days of a departing Sign, but the "cusp" (as it is termed) pertains chiefly to the first week of the incoming Sign. While the new Sign is gaining its ascendancy, the influences of the old will persist but gradually loses its hold day-by-day until, by the seventh day, the new Sign is in complete control.
Earth meets Air for those born on the Taurus-Gemini Cusp, and it's quite a dust storm of activity these individuals can kick up. If you were born between the signs of Taurus and Gemini, from about May 17 to May 23, you're one of the most youthful and go-getting cuspers of 'em all.
Those born on the Taurus-Gemini Cusp have the bonus of being both physically strong and mentally agile, which makes them stable and driven, as well as clever and communicative. Such traits give these cuspers the ability to adapt to many different situations and people, and to want to do it all - and to do it a lot.
In fact, burning the candle at both ends to the point of fatigue could become a problem for Taurus-Gemini because they're having so much fun they don't want to stop. Finding balance will be important to these individuals so they don't wear themselves out.
A few other areas to watch for are not overindulging in food and drink - Taurus and Gemini are both such pleasure-loving signs - and to try to be sensitive to the feelings of others. If these highly charged cuspers can learn to sit back and listen from time to time instead of just charging and chatting ahead full force, they'll be quite successful and have more friends to the end.
When flirty, social butterfly Gemini combines with caring, sensitive and traditional Cancer it results in something special, which will inspire other people. Caring and devoted, those born on the Gemini-Cancer cusp bring to their world a lighthearted kindness. They are also very expressive and have great imagination. They love to learn and will also generously share what they've learned with others.
They can be super-emotional, so they prefer to live their lives surrounded by family and friends and if they have no-one to devote themselves to, this can lead to depression and self-destructive behaviour. But because they are so friendly and gregarious it is rare to find a Gemini/Cancer alone for long.
The energy of Gemini may seem at odds with slower Cancer, but it actually results in someone who, while they can be moody at times, is generally bright and airy and also capable of deep emotional attachments. Protective of those they love, Gemini/Cancers won't stand by when they are threatened. They often have many friends and acquaintances and what you see is what you get – their emotional honesty is amongst the strongest in the Zodiac.
This starsign combination results in individuals who have close family ties with their siblings. They are lovers of people and their varied interests and pursuits make them interesting to converse with. Their strong interest in food and their willingness to always try something new makes them excellent cooks.
One of their strongest attributes is their ability to understand the difficulties of others and what they need to do to work through it. Totally affectionate, the Gemini/Cancer combination makes them among the most caring characters of the Zodiac.


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Functional limitations among older American Indians and Alaska natives: findings from the census 2000 supplementary survey.
BY: Fuller-Thomson E, Minkler M Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor Street West, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. esme.fuller.thomson@utoronto.ca Am J Public Health. 2005 Nov;95(11):1945-8. Epub 2005 Sep 29.
Electrophysiological responses to affective stimuli in American Indians experiencing trauma with and without PTSD.
BY: Ehlers CL, Hurst S, Phillips E, Gilder DA, Dixon M, Gross A, Lau P, Yehuda R. The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Road, CVN-14, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. cindye@scripps.edu Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006 Jul;1071:125-36.
Prevalence and correlates of mental disorders among Native American women in primary care.
BY: Duran B, Sanders M, Skipper B, Waitzkin H, Malcoe LH, Paine S, Yager J. Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA. bonduran@unm.edu Am J Public Health. 2004 Jan;94(1):71-7.
Use of biomedical services and traditional healing options among American Indians: sociodemographic correlates, spirituality, and ethnic identity.
BY: Novins DK, Beals J, Moore LA, Spicer P, Manson SM; AI-SUPERPFP Team. douglas.novins@uchsc.edu Med Care. 2004 Jul;42(7):670-9.
Smoking cessation and its determinants among older American Indians: the Strong Heart Study.
BY: Henderson PN, Rhoades D, Henderson JA, Welty TK, Buchwald D. American Indian and Alaska Native Programs, Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado, USA. pnhenderson@bhcaih.org Ethn Dis. 2004 Spring;14(2):274-9. Comment in: Ethn Dis. 2004 Spring;14(2):185-8.
Adverse childhood exposures and alcohol dependence among seven Native American tribes.
BY: Koss MP, Yuan NP, Dightman D, Prince RJ, Polacca M, Sanderson B, Goldman D. Division of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman Arizona College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA. mpk@email.arizona.edu Am J Prev Med. 2003 Oct;25(3):238-44.
Alcoholism and co-morbid psychiatric disorders among American Indians.
BY: Westermeyer J. Veterans Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN and Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA Am Indian Alsk Native Ment Health Res. 2001;10(2):27-51.
Cultural connection and transformation: substance abuse treatment at Friendship House.
BY: Edwards Y. J Psychoactive Drugs. 2003 Jan-Mar;35(1):53-8.
Factors affecting American Indian adolescent tobacco use.
BY: Yu M, Stiffman AR, Freedenthal S. George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University, Campus Box 1196, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA. msy1@wustl.edu Addict Behav. 2005 Jun;30(5):889-904.


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Home » COMPARING GREEN CHEMICAL METHODS AND CHEMICAL METHODS FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF TITANIUM DIOXIDE NANOPARTICLES
COMPARING GREEN CHEMICAL METHODS AND CHEMICAL METHODS FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF TITANIUM DIOXIDE NANOPARTICLES
Shabnam Taheriniya* and Zahra Behboodi
Faculty of Plasma Physics, Islamic Azad University - Science & Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
ABSTRACT: Metal nanoparticles are usually synthesized using various chemical methods such as chemical reduction, Solvo-thermal reduction, electrochemical techniques and photochemical reaction in reverse micelles. All these methods are divided into two categories chemical and green chemical. Each having certain advantages and disadvantages. In this study we have tried to give a few examples of these methods for the synthesis of Titanium dioxide nanoparticles and further discussed to compare the two.
Green Chemical Methods and Chemical Methods, Synthesis, Titanium Dioxide
INTRODUCTION: Recently, nanoparticles are issues in many fields such as industrial applications, environmental studies and human health impacts, due to their unique physical and chemical characteristics 1-2. In the industrial field, nanomaterials made from metals such as titanium, silver, gold, cerium, and aluminum have been widely used for commercial purposes. Because of its high stability, anticorrosiveness, and photocatalytic properties, Titanium dioxide in nanoparticle form may be one of the most important materials for photocatalysts 3, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals 4. Traditionally most of the metal and metal oxide nanoparticles were routinely synthesized by various physical and chemical methods. Some of the commonly used synthetic methods are non-sputtering, solvothermal, reduction, sol-gel technique and electrochemical technique 5-8.
But these methods are costly, toxic and potentially hazardous, not to mention the difficult separation procedure, high pressure and energy requirement 9. Metal and metal oxide nanoparticles have high surface area and high fraction of atoms giving them their fascinating properties such as antimicrobial, magnetic, electronic and catalytic activity 10-13. The synthesis of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles has attracted considerable attention in physical, chemical, biological, medical, optical, mechanical and engineering sciences where novel techniques are being developed to probe and manipulate single atoms and molecules.
Recently nanoparticle synthesis were achieved with bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes 14-16 and use of plant extract such as neem, camellia sinensis, coriandrum, nelumbo lucifera, ocimum sanctum and several others compatible with the green chemistry principles 17-19. Among the various biosynthetic approaches, the use of plant extracts has advantages such as availability, safe handling and possess a broad viability of metabolites. The main phytochemicals responsible for the synthesis of nanoparticles are terpenoids, flavones, ketones, aldehydes amides etc. In continuation of the efforts for synthesizing Titanium dioxide nanoparticle, here we report a facile, green and one pot synthesis using the leaf extract of Nyctanthes. Nyctanthes was chosen because of its functional anti inflammatory, antioxidant, antifungal, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antileishmanial, antipyretic and antinociceptive activity 20-22. The biosynthetic route for preparing various nanoparticles has not yet been extended to the synthesis of Titanium dioxide nanoparticles especially with Nyctanthes. According to the aforementioned criteria, chemical and green chemical methods of synthesizin Titanium dioxide nanoparticles will be the focus of discussion in this paper.
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles:
Among the various metal oxide nanoparticles, Titanium dioxide nanoparticles have wide applications in air and water purification, DSSC due to their potential oxidation strength, high photo stability and non-toxicity 23-25. Moreover Titanium nanoparticles possess interesting optical, dielectric, antimicrobial, antibacterial, chemical stability and catalytic properties which leads to industrial applications such as pigment, fillers, catalyst supports and photocatalyst 26-29.
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles are produced abundantly and used widely because of their high stability, anticorrosive and photo catalytic properties 30. Some have attributed this increased catalytic activity of Titanium dioxide nanoparticles to their high surface area, while others attribute it to Titanium dioxide nanoparticles being predominantly anatase rather than rutile 31-32. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles can be used in catalytic reactions, such as semiconductor photo catalysis, in the treatment of water contaminated with hazardous industrial by-products 33, and in nanocrystalline solar cells as a photoactive material 34. Industrial utilization of the photocatalytic effect of Titanium dioxide nanoparticles has also found its way into other applications, especially for self-cleaning and anti-fogging purposes such as self-cleaning tiles, self-cleaning windows, self-cleaning textiles, and anti-fogging car mirrors 35.
In the field of nanomedicine, Titanium dioxide nanoparticles are under investigation as useful tools in advanced imaging and nanotherapeutics 36. For example, Titanium dioxide nanoparticles are being evaluated as potential photosensitizers for use in photodynamic therapy (PDT) 37. In addition, unique physical properties make Titanium dioxide nanoparticles ideal for use in various skin care products. Nano-preparations with Titanium dioxide nanoparticles are currently under investigation as novel treatments for acne vulgaris, recurrent condyloma accuminata, atopic dermatitis, hyperpigmented skin lesions, and other non-dermatologic diseases 38. TiO2 nanoparticles also show antibacterial properties under UV light irradiation 38-39.
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles possess different physicochemical properties compared to Titanium dioxide fine particles (FPs). These properties likely influence bioactivity. Based on this fact, adverse health effects and environmental bio-safety of Titanium dioxide nanoparticles should be carefully evaluated even if Titanium dioxide fine particles have been demonstrated to have low toxicity. It is recommended that researchers carefully characterize the physicochemical properties of Titanium dioxide nanoparticles not only in the bulk form but also as delivered to the test system.
Green chemistry for the synthesis:
Green chemistry for chemical synthesis addresses our future challenges in working with chemical processes and products by inventing novel reactions that can maximize the desired products and minimize by-products, designing new synthetic schemes and apparatus that can simplify operations in chemical productions, and seeking greener solvents that are inherently environmentally and ecologically benign. Over the past two centuries, fundamental theories and reactivity in chemistry have been soundly established. Such theories and reactivity have provided the foundations for the chemical enterprise that generates critical living needs such as food for the world's population, achieves various medical wonders that save millions of lives and improve people's health, and produces materials essential to the present and future needs of mankind. Just less than two centuries ago, organic compounds were believed to be only accessible through biological processes under the influence of vital forces 40. Today, many molecules of great complexity can be synthesized readily. The total syntheses of natural products with extremely high complexity such as Vitamin B12 41 and polytoxin 42 in the laboratory are testimonials of achievements comparable to the construction of the great pyramids at the molecular scale. However, despite such enormous achievements, we are facing great challenges in future chemical synthesis. The present state-of-the-art processes for synthesizing chemical products are highly inefficient. The concept of atom economy 43 was created to emphasize the importance of this inefficiency. The E factor 44 provided a quantifiable measure of such inefficiency and showed that, for every kilogram of fine chemical and pharmaceutical products produced, 5–100 times that amount of chemical waste is generated. Such low efficiency in state-of-the-art organic syntheses presents great challenges in resource conservation and draws environmental and health concerns related to the chemical wastes.
The application of the twelve principles of green chemistry in nanoparticle synthesis is a relatively new emerging issue concerning the sustainability. This field has received great attention in recent years due to its capability to design alternative, safer, energy efficient, and less toxic routes towards synthesis. These routes have been associated with the rational utilization of various substances in the nanoparticle preparations and synthetic methods, which have been broadly discussed in this review paper. This paper is not meant to provide an exhaustive overview of green synthesis of nanoparticles, but to present several pivotal aspects of synthesis with environmental concerns, involving the selection and evaluation of nontoxic capping and reducing agents, the choice of innocuous solvents and the development of energy-efficient synthetic methods.
Green chemistry for the synthesis of Titanium dioxide nanoparticles:
Santhoshkumar et al (2014) introduced a paper titled Green synthesis of Titanium dioxide nanoparticles using Psidium guajava extract and its antibacterial and antioxidant properties.
Synthesized TiO2 NPs were tested by disc diffusion method against human
pathogenic bacteria. The total antioxidant activity and phenolic content (Folin-Ciocalteau
method) of synthesized TiO2 NPs and aqueous plant extract were determined. The scavenging
radicals were estimated by DPPH method. The synthesized TiO2 NPs were characterized by XRD, FTIR, FESEM and EDX. Results: FTIR spectra of synthesized TiO2 NPs exhibited prominent peaks at 3 410 cm-1 (alkynes), 1 578 cm-1, 1 451 cm-1 (alkanes), and 1 123 cm-1(C-O absorption). The morphological characterization of synthesized TiO2 NPs was analyzed by FESEM which showed spherical shape and clusters with an average size of 32.58 nm.
The synthesized TiO2 NPs showed more antibacterial activity than the standard antibiotic disk, tetracycline which drastically reduces the chances for the development of antibiotics resistance of bacterial species. The plant aqueous extract and synthesized TiO2 NPs were found to possess maximum antioxidant activity when compared with ascorbic acid. The content of phenolic compounds (mg/g) in leaf aqueous extract and synthesized TiO2 NPs were found to be 85.4 and 18.3 mgTA/g, respectively 45.
Hojatkashani (2013) introduced a paper titled green synthesis of Titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Synthesis of chemical compounds using materials which are compatible with environment, non-toxic and safe, is one of the principles of green chemistry. In this paper, a vast veriety of green chemistry principles along with two new methods for the green synthesis of Titanium dioxide nanoparticles has been collected. Titanium dioxide is a photo catalyst which has various applications especially in green chemistry. This paper is about synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles first by using Nyctanthes Arbor-Tristis leaves extract and then by a bacteria called Planomicrobium sp. Then the size and morphology of the synthesized nanoparticles by two methods are compared by their scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images 46.
Paskalis (2014) introduced a paper titled a validation for Green Synthesis Protocol using Hibiscus Flower. In this study TiO2 nanoparticles have been synthesized from Titanium Oxysulfate solution using Hibiscus flower extract. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and FTIR. The XRD pattern with sharp peaks describes the crystallinity and purity of Titanium dioxide nanoparticles. The
shape and morphology of TiO2 nanoparticles were studied by SEM analysis, the results clearly represent that the flower extract capped Titanium dioxide nanoparticles were dispersed and disaggregated. FTIR spectrum discloses the information about the interaction between the functional groups of the phytochemicals in the flower extract and the TiO2 47.
Chemical synthesis:
Chemical synthesis is a purposeful execution of chemical reactions to obtain a product, or several products 48. This happens by physical and chemical manipulations usually involving one or more reactions. In modern laboratory usage, this tends to imply that the process is reproducible, reliable, and established to work in multiple laboratories. A chemical synthesis begins by selection of compounds that are known as reagents or reactants. Various reaction types can be applied to synthesize the product, or an intermediate product. This requires mixing the compounds in a reaction vessel such as a chemical reactor or a simple round-bottom flask. Many reactions require some form of work-up procedure before the final product is isolated.
The amount of product in a chemical synthesis is the reaction yield. Typically, chemical yields are expressed as a weight in grams (in a laboratory setting) or as a percentage of the total theoretical quantity of product that could be produced. A side reaction is an unwanted chemical reaction taking place that diminishes the yield of the desired product.
Chemical synthesis of Titanium dioxide nanoparticles:
García (2012) introduced a paper titled Synthesis of Titanium oxide nanoparticles by plasma. This work presents a study about the evolution of Titanium dioxide particles synthesized with glow discharges of water and Tetra Titanium Propoxide (TTP). The syntheses involved sequential changes of TTP from solid, liquid and vapor phases under resistive glow discharges at 13.56 MHz, 0.5-0.8 mbar and 100 W with reaction times between 60 and 240 min. The
reaction of TTP and water between the electrodes originated Titanium dioxide powder composed of white particles with diameter between 106 and 695 nm and different geometries depending on the time of synthesis. These materials may have environmental applications in the sorption of toxic contaminants 49.
Sharmila Devi (2014) introduced a paper titled Synthesis of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles by Sol-Gel Technique. Nanosized Titanium dioxide (TiO2) powder was synthesized via sol-gel method using Titanium Tetra isopropoxide (TTIP) as the precursor. It prepared nano powder was used for further characterization. The phase transformation was investigated by an X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The anatase structure of Titanium dioxide was obtained after calcination. The microstructure was characterized using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) 50.
Jiye (2016) introduced a paper titled a facile synthesis of rutile-rich Titanium dioxide nanoparticles using reverse micelle method and their photocatalytic applications. In this work flower-like shaped rutile-rich TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by the reaction of HCl with Titanium diisopropoxide bis(acetylacetonate) immobilized in reverse micelles composed of oleic acid, water, and xylene. Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) analysis showed large surface area of the synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles of 177.8m2/g. It investigated the effect of Ti precursor concentration and oleic acid's role in the formation of TiO2 nanoparticles. Rutile-rich TiO2 nanoparticles with large surface area showed better photocatalytic activity in decomposing methyl orange under visible-light irradiation than anatase and rutile mixed phase TiO2 particles.
Conclusion: Alternate methods are also adopted for the synthesis of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles utilizing bacteria, fungi and plant extracts as reducing agents. In recent years, the development of metallic and metal oxide nanoparticles in an eco-friendly manner using plant materials has attracted considerable attention. The biogenic reduction of metal ions to the base metal is quite rapid and more efficient than conventional methods. This method is eco-friendly, can be conducted readily at room temperature under sunlight conditions, and is also scaled up easily. The reducing agents involved include various water-soluble metabolites (e.g., alkaloids, terpenoids, polyphenolic compounds) and coenzymes. Noble metals (Silver and Gold) have been the main focus of plant-based synthesis. These green synthesized nanoparticles have a range of shapes and sizes compared to those produced by other organisms. The advantages of using plant-derived materials for nanoparticle synthesis have attracted the interest of researchers to investigate the mechanisms of metal ions uptake and bio-reduction by plants. Moreover, green synthesis generates nanoparticles with high disparity, high stability and narrow size distribution.
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Schraml-Marth, K.L. Walther, A .Wokaun, "Porous silica gels andtio2/sio2 mixed oxides", J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 1992; 143: 93-111.
M. Pajonk, "Aerogel Catalysts", Appl. Catal., 1991; 72, (2): 217-266,
Dusi, T. Mallat, A.Baiker, J. Molec, Catal. A: Chem 1999; 138(1): 15-23.
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Mahshid, M. Askari, and M.S. Ghamsari "Synthesis of tio2 nanoparticles by hydrolysis and peptization of Titanium isopropoxide Solution", J.Mater.Process.Tech., 2007; Vol.189, No.1-3,pp. 296-300.
Plesch, M. Gorbar, U.F. Vogt, K. Jesenakand M. Vargova, "Reticulated macroporous ceramic foam supportedtio2 for photocatalytic Applications," Materials Letters.2009; Vol.63, No.3-4, pp.461-463.
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Ahluwalia V.K., Green Chemistry Environmentally Benign Reactions, published by India books, 2nd
edition, 2006, 1-10.
Choo J. L. and Trost B.M., Green Chemistry for chemical synthesis PNAS 2008; 105 (36), 13197- 13202.
Thirunavukkarasu Santhoshkumar, Abdul Abdul Rahuman, Chidambaram Jayaseelan, Govindasamy Rajakumar, Sampath Marimuthu, Arivarasan Vishnu Kirthi, Kanayairam Velayutham, John Thomas, Jayachandran Venkatesan, Se-Kwon Kim, Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, Volume 7, Issue 12, December 2014, Pages 968-976.
Hojatkashani Leila, Green Synthesis Of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles (TiO2), The Application Of Chemistry In Environment Summer 2013 , Volume 3 , Number 11; Page(S) 7 To 13.
Paskalis Sahaya Murphin Kumar, Arul Prakash Francis, Thiyagarajan Devasena, Comparative Studies on Green Synthesized and Chemically Synthesized Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles. A Validation for Green Synthesis Protocol using Hibiscus Flower, J. Environ. Nanotechnol. 2014; Volume 3, No.4 pp. 78-85.
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González–Salgado F., Olayo M. G., Cruz G., Gómez L. M., Ordoñez E., García–Rosales G. Synthesis of Titanium oxide nanoparticles by plasma Superficies y Vacío 2012; 25(1) 56-59, marzo de
Sharmila Devi, Venckatesh, Rajeshwari Sivaraj, Synthesis of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles by Sol-Gel Technique, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 2014; Vol. 3, Issue 8,
Jiye Noh, Minyoung Yi, Sinyoung Hwang, Kyung Min Im, Taekyung Yu, Jinsoo Kim, A facile synthesis of rutile-rich Titanium oxide nanoparticles using reverse micelle method and their photocatalytic applications Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 2016; 33(25): 369-373.
Taheriniya S and Behboodi Z: Comparing green chemical methods and chemical methods for the synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2016; 7(12): 4927-32.doi: 10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.7(12).4927-32.
All © 2013 are reserved by International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research. This Journal licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
Cited By: 22
Authors: Shabnam Taheriniya* and Zahra Behboodi
Authors Address: Faculty of Plasma Physics, Islamic Azad University - Science & Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
Email: ShabnamTaheriniya@gmail.com
Received: 26 May, 2016
Revised: 25 June, 2016
Accepted: 28 September, 2016
DOI: 10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.7(12).4927-32
Published: 01 December, 2016


text:
<?php

namespace Oro\Bundle\AttachmentBundle\Entity\Manager;

use Doctrine\Common\Persistence\ObjectManager;

use Symfony\Component\Security\Acl\Domain\ObjectIdentity;
use Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Exception\AccessDeniedException;

use Oro\Bundle\AttachmentBundle\Manager\AttachmentManager;
use Oro\Bundle\AttachmentBundle\Manager\FileManager;
use Oro\Bundle\AttachmentBundle\Model\FileContentProvider;
use Oro\Bundle\SecurityBundle\SecurityFacade;
use Oro\Bundle\SoapBundle\Entity\Manager\ApiEntityManager;

class FileApiEntityManager extends ApiEntityManager
{
    /** @var SecurityFacade */
    protected $securityFacade;

    /** @var AttachmentManager */
    protected $attachmentManager;

    /** @var FileManager */
    protected $fileManager;

    /**
     * @param string            $class
     * @param ObjectManager     $om
     * @param SecurityFacade    $securityFacade
     * @param FileManager       $fileManager
     * @param AttachmentManager $attachmentManager
     */
    public function __construct(
        $class,
        ObjectManager $om,
        SecurityFacade $securityFacade,
        FileManager $fileManager,
        AttachmentManager $attachmentManager
    ) {
        parent::__construct($class, $om);
        $this->securityFacade    = $securityFacade;
        $this->attachmentManager = $attachmentManager;
        $this->fileManager = $fileManager;
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    public function serializeOne($id)
    {
        list($fileId, $ownerEntityClass, $ownerEntityId) = $this->attachmentManager->parseFileKey($id);

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            'fields'         => [
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            ],
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                $this->postSerializeFile($result);
            }
        ];

        return $config;
    }

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     */
    protected function postSerializeFile(array &$result)
    {
        $result['content'] = new FileContentProvider($result['filename'], $this->fileManager);
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
What legacy did Justice Scalia leave on the Supreme Court?
Feb 14, 2016 6:17 PM EST
PBS NewsHour PBS NewsHour
https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/what-legacy-did-justice-scalia-leave-on-the-supreme-court
Marcia Coyle, chief Washington correspondent for the National Law Journal and Jamal Green, vice dean at Columbia Law School join William Brangham to discuss Justice Scalia's role and influence on the Supreme Court.
WILLIAM BRANGHAM:
The body of Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia is expected to be flown home to Virginia over the next 48 hours following his sudden death yesterday in Texas.
To honor Scalia, President Obama ordered American flags to fly half-staff today at the Supreme Court in Washington and at federal buildings around the nation. Like so many other political leaders, President Obama has offered his condolences to Scalia's family, but he's also promising to fill the vacancy on the high court.
In an early sign of a possible bitter confirmation battle ahead, the Senate Republican majority leader and Republicans running for president all say the Scalia vacancy should be filled only by the next president. When Scalia died yesterday of natural causes at age 79, he had been on the Supreme Court for 30 years.
From the moment he took his seat on the high court in 1986, Scalia was a forceful, eloquent, and sometimes controversial voice for conservative issues. His influence and opinions extended into many areas of American life and politics.
Scalia was in the 5-4 majority in Bush v. Gore, which ended the 2000 presidential election recount and sent George W. Bush to the White House. He also voted with the majority in striking down campaign finance laws as a restriction on free speech.
Scalia shaped landmark majority decisions, like the Second Amendment case that enshrined the right of individuals to own a gun for self-defense, and cases affirming the Sixth Amendment right of criminal defendants to confront witnesses against them.
Scalia was equally caustic and witty when he was on the losing side, often writing colorful dissents. He was in the minority when the court struck down a Virginia military academy's policy of admitting only men, and decided Guantanamo prisoners could challenge their detention.
He opposed decisions upholding abortion rights, same-sex marriage and President Obama's health care plan. The cornerstone of Scalia's legal philosophy was known as originalism, a strict interpretation of the Constitution as the framers wrote it in back in the 1780s.
ANTONIN SCALIA, Associate Justice, U.S. Supreme Court:
They never took out these issues: abortion, homosexual conduct. Nobody ever thought that they had been included in the rights contained in the Bill of Rights, which is why abortion and homosexual sodomy were criminal for 200 years.
Scalia often said the Constitution wasn't a — quote — "living document" to be reinterpreted by judges to fit changing times.
In a 2012 interview with the "NewsHour"'s Margaret Warner, Scalia explained his unwavering view of the Constitution.
ANTONIN SCALIA:
It doesn't have to evolve over time. If it — if it was up to the courts to make it evolve over time, there wouldn't have been a provision for amendment. It contains a provision of amendment precisely because the framers understood that they may find some provisions in the future are not good and additional provisions are needed.
Scalia was a devout Roman Catholic who leaves behind his wife, nine children, and 36 grandchildren. The only child of Italian immigrants, Scalia was proud of being the first Italian-American Supreme Court justice, as he told a 2015 PBS documentary.
When my confirmation was final, I got cartloads of mail from Italian-Americans just expressing their pride in my appointment. I had no idea that it meant that much.
After growing up in Queens, New York, Scalia graduated first in his class at Georgetown University and then with high honors from Harvard Law School.
Put your left hand on the Bible.
After working in the Justice Department and as a federal judge, Scalia reached the pinnacle of the legal profession when President Ronald Reagan nominated him to fill the vacancy left by retiring Chief Justice Warren Burger. The Senate confirmed him unanimously 98-0.
When he died yesterday, Scalia was the longest serving of the nine Supreme Court justices.
For more on Justice Scalia's role and his influence on the court, I am joined from Washington, D.C., by Marcia Coyle, the chief Washington correspondent for "The National Law Journal," and Jamal Greene, a professor and a vice dean at Columbia University Law School here in New York.
Thank you both very much for being here.
Marcia, I would like to start with you. Just give me your take on Scalia's lasting legacy.
MARCIA COYLE, "The National Law Journal": Well, William, I think his legacy will be in several areas.
First of all, and perhaps most importantly, is his approach to constitutional interpretation, as well as intention of statutes. He was, what he said, called himself, an originalist, in that when he interpreted the Constitution, he would look at how the words of the Constitution were understood at the time of the framers.
He also was a textualist, meaning he would look at the words in the statute and, if the meaning was clear, that was the end for him. I think both approaches really have been taken to heart by a whole generation of young legal scholars and others as well, practitioners, even politicians.
He was a force in conservative legal thought. And then also I think his legacy will be felt in certain areas where he led the court, for example, two areas. One, he reinvigorated the meaning of the confrontation clause in the Sixth Amendment. That is the clause that says a criminal defendant has the right to confront his or her accusers.
He would accept no surrogates. The accuser — whoever, for example, tested the DNA blood in a case had to be there on the witness stand. And, secondly, he also reinvigorated the role of juries in trials, criminal trials. They were the fact-finders. They were the ones who had to — the prosecution had to prove beyond a reasonable doubt any facts that would increase a sentence.
Jamal Greene, I know you have said this in the past, that Scalia's influence was really perhaps greatest outside of the court and less so on the actual rulings themselves.
Can you explain why that's the case?
JAMAL GREENE, Vice Dean, Columbia University Law School:
Well, he did have a number of majority opinions that he wrote that were significant, as Marcia mentioned, so in the area of the Second Amendment, in the area of the confrontation clause and so forth.
But I think where Justice Scalia's legacy really lies is in kind of popularizing constitutional theory. So, when we talk about originalism, we don't just talk about it among law professors or just among judges. People and talk show hosts, journalists, politicians are talking the language of constitutional interpretation.
And this wasn't a popular theory when he first came in.
JAMAL GREENE:
In fact, I think within the academy, we all thought it was dead in the middle of the 1980s. But he really played a major role in reinvigorating originalism, both within the academies — so there are lots of scholars now who call themselves originalists, including liberal scholars like Jack Balkin at Yale Law School, who is most famous for this — and outside of the academy, so that, at the Federalist Society, politicians talk about originalism as a kind of starting point in constitutional interpretation.
Marcia, I know one of the things that will be etched on his stone is his incredible wit and erudition and the relish he seemed to take in the intellectual jousting back and forth.
You must have seen him argue many a time. What was it like?
MARCIA COYLE:
Oh, it was always fun, sometimes surprising, startling.
You will find that lawyers who regularly argue before the court have said that he really created the model for oral argument. That was very vigorous, fast questioning. And, sometimes, his comments or questions could be quite barbed. He could direct those barbs to his colleagues as well.
I know that whenever Justice Breyer, for example, mentioned legislative history and interpreting a law based on its legislative history, which Justice Scalia didn't believe in, Scalia would send a barb over to Breyer. But Justice Breyer would just roll his eyes, like, here we go again.
And his writing style,too, he will be remembered for. He really took great care in how he crafted his opinions, particularly his dissents, which he felt very strongly he was writing for the future.
Jamal Greene, this — if President Obama — and it is still a big if — if Obama gets to select the next justice, this could be a potentially seismic shift in the court, right?
Maybe as big a shift as there has ever been in the court in terms of a single justice being replaced.
Now, of course, the Senate Republicans will do their best to make sure that that doesn't happen. But if you were to have President Obama pick a justice who was congenial to President Obama's views of the Constitution and views about law, he would have one of the rightmost justices in the history of the court being replaced by someone on the left.
And that's — that would change any number of areas, some of which are dear to Justice Scalia's heart. So, you think about the Second Amendment, for example, that would be — his ruling in District of Columbia vs. Heller would be in jeopardy were he to be replaced by someone on the left side of the court.
Rulings like Citizens United could potentially be in jeopardy as well. So, you could have an enormous shift. But, of course, everyone knows what those stakes are. And so the Republicans will try their best to make sure that doesn't happen.
Marcia, what about — I understand that some of the cases in the Supreme Court's current term are as divisive as you can get. There is abortion. There is contraception. There is unions. There is immigration.
What does his absence now mean for those cases going forward?
Well, it does create some difficult problems for the court. It all depends on what stage some of those cases were in.
Generally, the justices sit down after oral argument rather quickly to take at least a preliminary vote on the outcome. If they — Justice Scalia voted on a case, and that case has not yet been publicly decided, his vote will be void. If it should leave a 4-4 split on the court and the court does issue a 4-4 decision, then the lower court's ruling will stand.
But it will set no precedent for the rest of the nation. It will only be a precedent in that particular court circuit. The justices also have the option of asking for a re-argument in certain cases. That has been done in the past.
Depending on — for example, there are three cases that I'm going to be watching that have not even yet been argued, but also are very high-profile. The abortion case is scheduled for March 2. Another challenge to contraceptive health insurance is scheduled for the end of March. And then there's the challenge to President Obama's executive action on immigration, which probably will be argued in April.
All those — those three cases also have the potential to divide 4-4. So there's going to be some difficulty for the court. The court may find narrower ways to decide some of those cases in order to have a majority vote. We're just going to have to wait to see.
All right, Marcia Coyle, Jamal Greene, thank you both very much for being here.
My pleasure, William.
Read remembrances and reactions to the death of Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia. Visit us online at PBS.org/NewsHour.
PBS NewsHour from Feb 14, 2016
Supreme showdown: Replacing Scalia will put divided government to the test
Fact check: The ninth Republican debate


text:
After your model has been trained, you should export it to a Tensorflow
graph proto. A checkpoint will typically consist of three files:

* model.ckpt-${CHECKPOINT_NUMBER}.data-00000-of-00001,
* model.ckpt-${CHECKPOINT_NUMBER}.index
* model.ckpt-${CHECKPOINT_NUMBER}.meta

After you've identified a candidate checkpoint to export, run the following
command from tensorflow/models/object_detection:

``` bash
# From tensorflow/models
python object_detection/export_inference_graph \
    --input_type image_tensor \
    --pipeline_config_path ${PIPELINE_CONFIG_PATH} \
    --checkpoint_path model.ckpt-${CHECKPOINT_NUMBER} \
    --inference_graph_path output_inference_graph.pb
```

Afterwards, you should see a graph named output_inference_graph.pb.


NY Times Bestselling author & CEO of Harris Insights & Analytics/The Harris Poll.
Co-working spaces, chatbots that challenge parking tickets and office furniture that retracts into the ceiling at 6pm to reinforce work/life balance––these are a but a few of the small forces creating dynamic change while offering consumers greater value. From the rise of 'she-preneurs' (women-led startups) to wifi and car-sharing communities to 'Lux M.D.' (The Mayo clinic offers physicals at luxury resorts), John Gerzema, TED talker and trend expert leads social sciences team that tracks trends all over the world. As the curator for The Ford Motor Company's annual trends report, John's team uses ethnographies, influencer salons and longitudinal surveys to help companies spot the next big thing.
As CEO of The Harris Poll, one of the most respected sources of public opinion, John Gerzema oversees the pulse of the American society to help businesses understand and adapt to constant change. After immersion into the business and conference themes, each of John's speeches are customized with original Harris Poll surveys specially designed and fielded to bring fresh insight and practical takeaways that audiences can apply to their businesses.
We live in a world clamoring for leadership, connection and meaning. Rising cultural tensions, toxic politics and inequality of all kinds have eroded public faith in institutions, business and systems. At the same time, disruptive technology, generational and demographic shifts and new consumer values create opportunities for insurgents to scale faster with less resources. Today, business finds itself left to prove its corporate legitimacy and its cultural relevancy - continuously. Companies must solve social problems, foster meaningful cultures, source products from ethical supply chains while being faster, better, cheaper, more convenient, more personalized and more transparent. Being authentic means mastering multiple desires so understanding what people want is more important than ever before. This session will take leaders into the role of the social scientist; to uncover new tastes, desires and experiences formed by modern consumers, whose expectations border on the unreasonable. Using up-to-date data, you''' learn about six market forces formed by cultural trends and new consumer attitudes and values.
Once companies waded cautiously into social issues. But today a new vanguard see their calling (and their prosperity) as modern day public servants. They are filling a void of leadership by taking on issues in society that government can't (or won't). These companies are casting big meaty missions for human advancement in science, healthcare and education while leveraging their scale to exert their values on their supply chains and ecosystems. They understand reputation is now earned by what a company does, not what it says. This new moral authority––equal parts capitalist and activist–– are capturing the imagination of investors, talent and the buying public, while rewriting the rules of what a 'public company' truly means today.
As CEO of The Harris Poll, one of the most respected sources of public opinion, John Gerzema oversees the pulse of the American society to help businesses understand and adapt to constant change. Through his new proprietary study that measures hundreds of companies against 25,000 people, John will share the new rules for corporate reputation building. After immersion into the business and conference themes, each of John's speeches are customized with original Harris Poll surveys specially designed and fielded to bring fresh insight and practical takeaways that audiences can apply to their businesses.
While all the attention is on Millennials, there's a new generational cohort which will dramatically reshape shape society and the marketplace. Generation Z, those twenty and under are just entering Corporate America as summer interns. But they've announced themselves by their values, social acumen and temerity. In our Harris Poll data, Gen Z trust peer content more than traditional media and they value companies who are transparent. And they are a generation that's so over inaction and willing to challenge authority, from entering governor races to building squads to take on corrupt politicians and companies. Raised entirely on technology, Gen Z are not adaptors but professional organizers, coders and activists. With Generation Z, welcome to the age of radical transparency, one where businesses will interact to influence.
As CEO of The Harris Poll, one of the most respected sources of public opinion, John Gerzema oversees the pulse of the American society to help businesses understand and adapt to constant change. This talk leverages Harris' proprietary Gen Z study and panelist community to help any company speak the language of a new generation that is growing in esteem, influence and soon marketplace power. After immersion into the business and conference themes, each of John's speeches are customized with original Harris Poll surveys specially designed and fielded to bring fresh insight and practical takeaways that audiences can apply to their businesses.
As technology and information dramatically change our world, companies must adapt and change in unprecedented ways. And today, no one can win alone. Companies co-create with customers and vendors; they enlist their entire supply chains—sometimes even competitors—in risk management. And they assume employees, consumers and government agencies will call them out on their practices. Today, leaders must continuously engage their customers, employees and communities. They must demonstrate their personal involvement and commitment. And they must mentor a new generation of workers with very different expectations, personal and organizational goals, and engagement levels. All must learn new skills and leadership qualities from empathy and selflessness, to collaboration and transparency. These 'soft power' traits (and more) will drive success of the twenty-first century leader.
We live in the age of insurgency. The lifespan of an S&P 500 company was 60 years in 1960; it is 12 years today. Trust in brands has declined by 50% since the financial crisis. Yet consumerism drives an expanding economy putting them in the driver seat as never before. New research from The Harris Poll reveals an increasingly values-driven marketplace that seeks out brands and companies that build communities, create experiences and have a point of view on making the world a better place.