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Ledger Nano S Btg Wallet
July 10, 2022 by local
Download the Ledger Live app mobile app to get started with your Ledger Nano X. You can download it from the Ledger website or via the app on your smartphone. The app allows you to manage your wallet, and you can also buy cryptocurrencies from third-party support.
One of the best ways to protect your cryptocurrency is with a Ledger Nano S wallet. It's not only simple to set up, but it also protects your funds from theft. It is also extremely affordable. It supports a variety of cryptocurrencies including Litecoin and Dogecoin as well as Ethereum Classic. It's compatible with Windows and Linux.
The safest place to keep your crypto is in a Ledger Nano S wallet. It protects your private keys and is deterministic. This means that it generates all keys from a secure random source.
You will need to connect your Ledger NanoS Wallet to a computer using a micro USB cable. You'll also need to download a companion app called Ledger Manager, which will help you configure your wallets. It's available in Chrome or as a Chrome extension.
Nano S wallet includes a 24-word recovery phrase. You should keep this phrase safe, though. It's also the only way to access your funds if you lose your device or forget your PIN.
Ledger Nano S Plus stands out among the many hardware wallets available. It's affordable, secure, and supports a large number of coins. The improved display is a major plus. Ledger Nano S Plus is also compatible with mobile phones.
The Ledger Nano S Plus is capable of storing up to 5 000 digital assets. It has a certified secure chip, which adds a layer of protection. The device is compatible with a wide range of supported coins, including bitcoin, ethereum, litecoin, and more. It also has a Type-C USB port. It also works with the Ledger Live App.
Ledger Nano S Plus is easy to set up. It comes with a manual. Two buttons are located at the top of your device. These buttons aren't the best for hiding your wallet, but they work well.
Ledger Nano S Plus is equipped with a CCEAL5+ chip. This is a new type of chip, which guarantees a certain level of security. This is a great way for digital assets to be protected in the event that a security breach occurs on your PC.
Ledger Nano X can be used with any device and supports more than 100+ cryptocurrencies. The device also features Bluetooth and USB-C cable connectivity. This hardware supports the FIDO(r), Universal Second Factor standard that allows users to verify transactions using compatible online services.
Users may encounter some problems despite the Ledger NanoX's high level of security. Uploading keystore files online is a risky business. Users should also be cautious with the seed phrase that they enter.
The device is also not ideal for crypto enthusiasts who have a diverse portfolio of coins. The internal storage space of the device is small and can hold only 3-5 cryptocurrency wallets at once. It's best for investors who have a limited number of digital coins.
Security researchers from Kraken Security Labs discovered several security flaws in Ledger Nano X wallets. These flaws could allow malicious actors to hijack a Ledger Nano X and steal funds stored in the device. They could also gain control of computers connected to the wallet.
Supply chain attacks are possible with the Ledger Nano X wallet. These attacks can occur when a device's firmware is altered before it ships from its manufacturer. The firmware of a non-secure microcontroller chip found in Ledger Nano X wallets could be modified to allow it to act as a keyboard. You can modify the firmware to send keystrokes directly to the host computer. This could compromise the computer.
Kraken Security Labs claims that the Ledger Nano X wallet can be hacked by compromising the firmware of a nonsecure microcontroller. This would allow the attacker to run malicious code in stealth mode, without being detected. The attacker could also install malware to steal funds from the wallet.
Having a Ledger Nano X is like having a bank vault. This high-security device can store a variety of cryptocurrency and is designed to protect private cryptographic keys from the Internet. It is protected by a secure Element chip, which is resistant to tampering.
When you first purchase a Ledger Nano Wallet, you will receive a box containing a hardware wallet, a keychain strap, stickers, and a USB C cable. A hardware wallet should only be ordered from an authorized retailer. Private sellers should not be your preferred source for wallets. Because thieves could steal your coins, this is why you should never buy your wallet from a private seller.
A manual is also included in the box. You can reach the Ledger customer service team by email or through their official website if you need assistance setting up your Ledger Nano Wallet.
Using a hardware wallet, you can keep your crypto assets safe. If you are unsure of the best wallet for you, there are many options available. One of the most popular hardware wallets is Ledger.
Ledger Nano S is the world's most popular hardware wallet. It offers the security of a wallet but with the convenience of a USB stick. It has a sleek design and is available in several colors. The TREZOR One is the main competitor to Nano S. It is more costly and has more storage.
Ledger Nano S is easy to use. Its design makes it a good choice for beginners. The device is compact and transparent. Two buttons allow you to set up the device. You can also lock your BTC in Nano S vault.
It also contains a 24-word seed phrase, which acts as a secret key. You should write down this seed phrase safely. This seed phrase will be necessary to restore your BTC if you lose the device.
One of the best ways you can keep your crypto assets safe is to get a Ledger Nano Wallet. These wallets are secure and tamper-proof. Ledger is the world's largest manufacturer of hardware wallets, and they offer wallet support for more than 1,800 altcoins.
The Ledger Nano S wallet is one of the most well-known on the market. This hardware wallet uses a secure chip and a proprietary operating system to keep your digital currency safe. It has a display for viewing your account balance and transactions. You can view your funds from your computer, smartphone, or Ledger Live.
The Ledger Nano S Plus, an upgraded version of the Nano S, features a CC EAL5+ Secure Elements Chip that adds additional security to your coins. It also offers a larger display and more memory than the original Nano S. This makes it a better option for users looking to store more than three currencies.
Another great choice for crypto assets storage is the Ledger Nano X. The device has Bluetooth connectivity and a larger screen. This device is a great choice for active traders who have a diverse portfolio.
Trezor has fewer features than Ledger, which includes a mobile application and a desktop app. Ledger also has a wallet incorporated in their desktop application, making it easier for users to manage their digital assets. You can also stake your digital assets.
Trezor's main interface is called the Trezor Suite. It allows users to manage their portfolios, and it includes a crypto exchange. You can also use it to lend and stake. It is also available for iOS and Android devices.
Ledger Live Nano Wallet is a great way to manage your private keys, whether you are a beginner or an experienced crypto enthusiast. Whether you're using a desktop computer, iOS device or Android smartphone, you'll be able to keep your private keys safe. This hardware wallet is designed to prevent hackers from stealing crypto. It can also be used as a second-factor authentication device that helps to prevent remote interaction from your crypto.
Ledger Live's interface is well-designed and makes it simple to manage multiple wallets. The dashboard also helps you visualize your usage. There are several features to help you get started, including short quizzes.
To ensure your safety, you must create a backup copy of your recovery phrase. This will prevent you from accessing your cryptoassets. The recovery sheet included with your Ledger Nano will help you find the correct word-seed.
Another step is to read the Ledger's Privacy and Terms of Use policies. The Ledger recommends that you install the following apps. The app lists over 5,500 coins and tokens, including popular Proof of Stake assets. A public wallet address is also displayed in the app for Ethereum tokens.
Buying a Ledger Nano Wallet is not only a good investment, but also a good way to safeguard your crypto investments. The Ledger Nano Wallet is one of the best Bluetooth wallets available and offers many features. You can purchase crypto with credit cards or other fiat payment methods. It can also be used with your smartphone and computer.
Ledger is an established brand with millions of users worldwide. It was founded by eight experts in crypto and internet security. It offers a variety of tools for managing your crypto, including cold storage and access to popular DeFi apps. It also claims to be able to support over 5,500 different tokens.
Ledger, a French company, has offices in Paris and San Francisco. It employs 80 people and specializes in internet security. It provides hardware wallets as well as wallet apps and has a strong reputation for security. It also has a well-laid out app that lets users manage their crypto.
Earlier this year, Ledger launched their flagship product, the Nano X, a device that can store private keys to a large variety of digital assets. Ledger users have the ability to access their balances and make transactions. They can also send cryptocurrencies. In addition to its portable cold storage, Ledger Nano X also supports Bluetooth connectivity, making it an ideal choice for mobile users.
Ledger Nano X is designed to securely store private keys to over 5,500 digital assets. The device uses a secure architecture based on the ST33 secure element chip. This chip is also used in passports, credit cards and SIM cards. The chip is used to verify all information before you sign a transaction.
Bluetooth is a state-of the-art protocol used to encrypt data using AES-based encryption. Ledger NanoX features Bluetooth. Bluetooth can also be used to prevent Man-In-The-Middle attacks.
Ledger Nano X is compatible with various web apps. You can use it with your mobile device or connect to your desktop computer using a USB-C cable. You can also pair the device with Ledger Live software, which provides access to the Nano X's balances and transaction information.
It doesn't matter if you are looking for an app or a hardware wallet, it is important to understand how long each one lasts. The best hardware wallets can last for up to three weeks if they are not in use. If you're looking for a wallet with a battery that's sure to last, Ledger Nano X is a good choice.
Both the Ledger Nano S X and X hardware wallets can hold more than three currencies. These wallets allow you to store your private keys securely. These wallets can be used for secure transactions. A Ledger device can actually protect Bitcoin worth up to $25,000
The Ledger Nano X is a more advanced version of the Nano S, offering a larger display, more apps, and more storage space. It can also support up to 100 cryptocurrencies. It is compatible with Android and iOS devices.
Investing in cryptocurrencies is a high risk business. You could lose your funds or get hacked. It is crucial to protect your private keys. The Ledger Nano Wallet is one of the most trusted and safest ways to store your crypto.
The Ledger Nano S is a popular wallet for hardware. Ledger NanoS is secure and easy to use. This is a great choice for beginners. It has a built-in display panel, allowing you to check your accounts. You can also buy or sell crypto assets using the Nano S.
Nano S is a hardware wallet which looks like a USB flash drive. It supports hundreds of cryptocurrencies. It also has two layers of protection. It has a chip that prevents tampering.
Ledger's Nano S is available for purchase with Paypal or credit cards. You can also buy a used version online. It is important to shop only at reputable retailers. The Ledger customer service page has additional information.
Using a Coupon Code for Ledger Nano Wallet is a great way to save money and get a discount. You can save up to 30% or 40% on your order.
Ledger, an innovative company, creates hardware wallets as well as crypto solutions. It is based out of Paris, France and has offices in San Francisco. The company aims to provide a secure microenvironment for your transaction. It offers hardware and software protection for crypto assets.
It is easy to use and supports two-factor authentication. Ledger has a referral program that offers 20% off your next purchase. You can also earn $50 for referring your friends.
The Ledger Nano X is the latest hardware wallet from Ledger. It can store more than 1,200 tokens. You can also store coins such as Litecoin, Bitcoin Cash, and Zcash.
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Using a Ledger Nano Wallet is a great way to store your digital currencies. You can store, purchase, and protect your crypto assets with these devices.
Ledger Nano X, unlike other crypto hardware wallets is Bluetooth enabled. This allows you to securely manage your crypto assets anywhere and anytime. Professional traders who need more control of their money will love this device. Secure chip on Ledger Nano X means that you can trust your keys to the device.
Ledger NanoX can store and manage your private keys for over 5 000 different crypto assets. The device has two types of connectivity – Bluetooth and USB. You can also use the Ledger Live mobile app to manage your funds.
Download the Ledger Live app mobile app to get started with your Ledger Nano X. You can download it from the Ledger website or via the app on your smartphone. Once you install the app, you can manage your wallet and buy cryptocurrencies directly from supported third parties.
Using a Ledger Nano S Wallet is one of the easiest ways to secure your cryptocurrencies. It's not only simple to set up, but it also protects your funds from theft. It is also extremely affordable. It supports a variety of cryptocurrencies including Litecoin and Dogecoin as well as Ethereum Classic. It's compatible with Windows and Linux.
The Nano S wallet comes with a 24-word recovery phrase. You should keep this phrase safe, though. This is the only way to get your money if your device is lost or you forget your PIN.
Among the many hardware wallets on the market, Ledger Nano S Plus is a standout. It's affordable, secure, and supports a large number of coins. Its improved display is also a big plus. Ledger Nano S Plus is also compatible with mobile phones.
Ledger Nano S Plus is easy to set up. The manual is included with the device. Two buttons are located at the top of your device. These buttons aren't the best for hiding your wallet, but they work well.
Ledger is a well-known brand in the crypto space. Ledger offers a secure hardware wallet, which is supported by a large community.
The device is also not ideal for crypto enthusiasts who have a diverse portfolio of coins. Its internal space is limited and can only hold up to 3-5 crypto wallets at a time. It's best for investors who have a limited number of digital coins.
Supply chain attacks are possible with the Ledger Nano X wallet. These attacks can occur when a device's firmware is altered before it ships from its manufacturer. The firmware of a non-secure microcontroller chip found in Ledger Nano X wallets could be modified to allow it to act as a keyboard. The firmware can be modified to send keystrokes to the host computer, potentially compromising the computer.
Kraken Security Labs has detected two supply chain attacks against Ledger Nano X wallets. These attacks look similar to the Rubber Ducky and BadUSB attacks.
Kraken Security Labs claims that the Ledger Nano X wallet can be hacked by compromising the firmware of a nonsecure microcontroller. The attacker could then run malicious code in stealth mode without being detected. The attacker could also install malware to steal funds from the wallet.
A Ledger Nano X can be compared to a bank vault. This high-security device can store a variety of cryptocurrency and is designed to protect private cryptographic keys from the Internet. It uses a secure Element chip that is tamper resistant.
A special paper is included with the Ledger Nano X. It contains a recovery phrase. You can use this phrase to restore your device from a backup. The phrase will only be displayed once so make sure to save a backup.
You will need the PIN code to your Ledger Nano Wallet before you can contact the Ledger Nano Wallet Support team. It can be four or eight digits long. You should never reveal this PIN code to a stranger.
The Ledger Nano S hardware wallet is the most widely used in the world. It has all the benefits of a wallet, but the convenience of a USB drive. It has a sleek design and is available in several colors. The main competitor to the Nano S is the TREZOR One. It is more costly and has more storage.
The Ledger Nano S is simple to use. Its design makes it a good choice for beginners. It is small and transparent. Two buttons allow you to set up the device. You also have the option of locking your BTC in the Nano S vault.
It also contains a 24-word seed phrase, which acts as a secret key. This seed phrase should be kept safe. If you lose the device, you will need this seed phrase to restore your BTC.
Ledger Nano S Plus, an upgraded version of the Nano S, is available. It has a larger screen as well as more memory. The Nano S Plus is compatible with Android 7+. The second screen is also tamper-proof.
Getting a Ledger Nano Wallet for storing your coins is one of the best ways to keep your crypto assets secure. These devices are tamper-proof and protect your private keys. Ledger is the largest manufacturer of hardware wallets in the world. They offer wallet support for over 1,800 altcoins.
The Ledger Nano S Plus, an upgraded version of the Nano S, features a CC EAL5+ Secure Elements Chip that adds additional security to your coins. It has a larger display and has more memory than the original Nano S. This makes this a more attractive option for those who want to store multiple currencies.
Ledger Nano X is another great option for storing your crypto assets. The device has Bluetooth connectivity and a larger screen. This device is a great choice for active traders who have a diverse portfolio.
Trezor is a distinctive looking product that comes in a variety of colors and finishes. It can also be used with different interfaces. It's available for Windows, Mac and Linux. It has a password manager that allows users to keep their most important accounts secret. It is also easy to use.
Ledger has more features than Trezor, including a mobile app and a desktop application. Ledger's desktop app also includes a wallet, which makes it easier to manage digital assets. It also has a staking feature.
The Trezor Suite is Trezor's main interface. It allows users to manage their portfolios, and it includes a crypto exchange. You can also use it to lend and stake. It is also available for iOS and Android devices.
Trezor's touchscreen allows users to interact and control their crypto assets. Its display is larger and more intuitive than the Ledger Nano X. It features a LCD screen measuring 240×240 pixels.
Ledger Live Nano Wallet is a great way to manage your private keys, whether you are a beginner or an experienced crypto enthusiast. Whether you're using a desktop computer, iOS device or Android smartphone, you'll be able to keep your private keys safe. This specialized hardware wallet helps prevent hackers from stealing your crypto. It can also be used as a second-factor authentication device that helps to prevent remote interaction from your crypto.
One of the most important steps you'll need to take to ensure the safety of your crypto assets is to create a backup of your recovery phrase. This will prevent you from accessing your cryptoassets. The recovery sheet included with your Ledger Nano will help you find the correct word-seed.
You should also read the Ledger Privacy and Terms of Use policies. The Ledger recommends that you install the following apps. The app has over 5,500 coins and tokens. This includes popular Proof of Stake assets. A public wallet address is also displayed in the app for Ethereum tokens.
Ledger Nano Wallets are a smart investment that will protect your crypto investments. This device is one of the most secure Bluetooth wallets on the market, and it offers a wide range of features. You can purchase crypto with credit cards or other fiat payment methods. It can also be used with your smartphone and computer.
Ledger has millions of users around the world and is a well-known brand. It was created by eight experts in internet security and cryptography. It provides a range of tools to manage your crypto including cold storage and access the most popular DeFi apps. The company also claims to support more than 5,500 different tokens.
Ledger, a French company, has offices in Paris and San Francisco. It employs 80 people and specializes in internet security. It offers hardware wallets and wallet apps, and it has a reputation for being secure. It also has a well-laid out app that lets users manage their crypto.
It is simple to get started with Ledger. Download the Ledger Live App on your Android or iOS device. Once you have the app installed, you can purchase crypto, sell it, and stake it. The app has several crypto management features that will help you make your crypto investments a success.
Ledger's flagship product, Nano X, was launched earlier this year. This device can store private keys for a wide range of digital assets. With the Nano X, Ledger users can access their balances, make transactions and send cryptocurrencies. In addition to its portable cold storage, Ledger Nano X also supports Bluetooth connectivity, making it an ideal choice for mobile users.
The Ledger Nano X can securely store keys for over 5,500 digital assets. The device uses a secure architecture based on the ST33 secure element chip. This chip is also used in passports, credit cards and SIM cards. The chip is used to verify all information before you sign a transaction.
Ledger Nano X is compatible with various web apps. It can be used with a mobile device, or connected to a desktop computer with a USB-C cable. You can also pair the device with Ledger Live software, which provides access to the Nano X's balances and transaction information.
Whether you're looking for a hardware wallet or an app, it's important to know how much battery life is included in each one. Some of the best hardware wallets on the market can last up to three weeks when idle. If you're looking for a wallet with a battery that's sure to last, Ledger Nano X is a good choice.
Both the Ledger Nano S X and X hardware wallets can hold more than three currencies. These wallets offer secure storage of your private keys. They can also be used to make secure transactions. A Ledger device can actually protect Bitcoin worth up to $25,000
The Ledger NanoX is an upgraded version of the Nano S. It offers a larger display and more apps. It can also support up to 100 cryptocurrencies. It is compatible with Android and iOS devices.
The Ledger Nano X also has Bluetooth connectivity, making it easier to access your funds on the go. It also allows you to manage your accounts remotely.
It is risky to invest in cryptocurrency. Your funds could be lost or stolen. It is crucial to protect your private keys. The Ledger Nano Wallet is one of the most trusted and safest ways to store your crypto.
Ledger Nano S is one of the most popular hardware wallets on the market. Ledger NanoS is secure and easy to use. This is a great choice for beginners. You can check your accounts with the built-in display panel. The Nano S can be used to buy and sell crypto assets.
The Nano S is a hardware wallet that resembles a USB flash drive. It supports hundreds of cryptocurrencies. It also has two layers of protection. It uses a chip to prevent tampering.
Ledger is an innovative company that creates hardware wallets and crypto solutions. It is based in Paris, France, and has offices in San Francisco. The company aims to provide a secure microenvironment for your transaction. It provides hardware and software protection to crypto assets.
Ledger's latest hardware wallet, the Ledger NanoX, is now available. It can store more than 1,200 tokens. You can also store Bitcoin Cash, Litecoin and Zcash coins.
Ledger offers a variety of products, including an email list. This email list offers exclusive discounts. To join, simply fill out the form at the bottom of the Ledger website.
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Kam Taghizadeh Week 2
1 Template
2 Purpose of the Week 2 Assignment
3 Methods and Results
3.1 Methods
3.2 Results
4 Scientific Conclusion
5 Acknowledgments
Kam Taghizadeh's Template can be Found Here
Purpose of the Week 2 Assignment
The purpose of this week's assignment is to utilize models to infer how to properly analyze and treat pandemics such as Covid-19.
Methods and Results
Watched the The role of applied math in real-time pandemic response: How basic disease models work You Tube video and recorded two questions regarding the material.
After recording two questions, I read the information on this website The SIR Model and interpreted the following questions:
What happens if initial I = 0?
What does it mean that the red line increases so rapidly?
What does it mean that the green line also rises rapidly, but not as rapidly?
What does it mean that the green line reaches nearly 1,000?
Visited SIR disease modeling website Epidemix and chose the model type "Stochastic Spatial IBM" because it shows the average amount of people in each state of infection over time.
Took a screenshot of the original graph shown, without tampering with the parameters, and explained what it is showing.
Changed some of the parameters, listed below. Each change was noted along with its variation from the original graph.
Edited the "Choose Control Strategy" and changed the vaccination unit from .5 to .8.
Edited the "Define infection and transmission features" and changed the length of symptomatic infectious period (days) from 10 to 20 days.
Edited the "Define host population features" and changed the population from 100 to 1000.
Edited the "Set simulation parameters" and changed number of days from 100 to 365.
Edited the "Select infection states to consider" and changed the infection states to only include infectious-symptomatic and recovered.
Edited the "Define spatial specific population and transmission parameters"and changed it to spatial.
Edited the "Define host population features" and changed the population size to 75.
Edited the "Define spatial specific population and transmission parameters" and changed the side length to 50.
Edited the "Define host population features" and changed the population from closed to open.
Read this article"Modelling the COVID-19 epidemic and implementation of population-wide interventions in Italy" and based on the figure 1, answered the following questions:
How did the authors modify the simple SIR model to take into account features of the COVID-19 pandemic?
What public health policy implications does their model have?
Viewed comic on University COVID Model and noted why it is funny.
Wrote scientific conclusion which included a summary of the research done for this week's assignment.
Questions noted regarding the The role of applied math in real-time pandemic response: How basic disease models work YouTube video.
How would one be able to incorporate the rate at which a virus mutates within this type of model?
How will models look if we only have partially working vaccines?
Questions from The SIR Model
If initial I=0, then that means that there are 0 people who have recovered from the virus, and 0 people who have died, since one who does not have the virus can neither get killed or recovered from it.
A rapidly increasing red line means that the number of infected people is rising, as the the virus is highly contagious.
The green line represents recovered people. The line rises rapidly but not as rapidly because the time it takes to get infected is a lot shorter than the time it takes to recover.
When the green line reaches nearly 1,000, it means that mostly all of those who were infected have recovered.
Figures from Epidemix, the model type chosen is Stochastic Spatial IBM, due to its display of the average amount of people in each state of infection over time.
Figure 1: Initial graph from the Stochastic Spatial IBM Model
This graph shows the initial conditions, without any changes in the parameters. It is displayed that susceptible cases go down as infectious-symptomatic goes up. Furthermore, recovered-immune rapidly rises as susceptible cases rapidly decline.
Figure 2: Stochastic Spatial IBM Model with changed parameter within "Choose Control Strategy"
This graph shows a parameter changed within the "choose control strategy" category, where the vaccination unit was changed from .5 to .8. In comparison to the initial conditions, by changing the parameters in this way, the new graph shows the susceptible line, and the infectious-symptomatic line as completely flat.
Figure 3: Stochastic Spatial IBM Model with changed parameter within "Define infection and transmission features"
This graph shows a parameter changed within the"Define infection and transmission features" category, where the length of symptomatic infectious infectious period (days) was changed from 10 to 20. When comparing to the initial conditions graph, it can be seen that the number of infectious-symptomatic people rises when the length of their infectious days increased to 20. At 20 days in the initial condition, there are around 45 infectious-symptomatic units. In the graph with changed parameters, at 20 days, there are around 83 infectious-symptomatic units.
Figure 4:Stochastic Spatial IBM Model with changed parameter within "Define host population features"
This graph shows a parameter changed within the "Define host population features" category, where the population was changed from 100 to 1000. In comparison to the initial conditions graph, this graph displays many more units (up to 1000) than the 100 units that the initial graph displays. The changed parameter graph shows all 1000 units as infectious symptomatic for a period of 15 days, while the 100 unit graph shows only half of the population as infectious-symptomatic.
Figure 5:Stochastic Spatial IBM Model with changed parameter within "Define infection and transmission features"
This graph shows a parameter changed within the "Define infection and transmission features" category, where the length of symptomatic infectious period (days)changed from 10 to 30 days. It can be seen that the decline of infectious-symptomatic units takes a much longer time than the initial conditions graph, as well as the recovered-immune line.
Figure 6:Stochastic Spatial IBM Model with changed parameter within "Set simulation parameters"
This graph shows a parameter changed within the "Set simulation parameters", where the number of days was changed from 100 to 365. In comparison to the initial conditions graph, the data is more skewed to the left, due to more time being added on the x axis. The infection states remain the same however.
Figure 7:Stochastic Spatial IBM Model with changed parameter within "Select infection states to consider"
This graph shows a parameter changed within the "Select infection states to consider" category, where only the infectious-symptomatic was selected to be displayed. There is a difference between what is shown for infectious-symptomatic in the initial graph and what is shown in the changed parameter graph. It appears that in the changed graph, the infectious-symptomatic seems to flatten but not decline. In the initial graph, it shows that it does decline.
Figure 8:Stochastic Spatial IBM Model with changed parameter within "Define spatial specific population and transmission parameters"
This graph shows a parameter changed within the "Define spatial specific population and transmission parameters" category, where the parameter was changed from clustered to spatial. It can be seen that infectious-symptomatic has increased in the changed graph.
This graph shows a parameter changed within the "Define host population features", where the population size was changed from 100 to 75. In the graph, it can be seen that the proportions have remained the same as the initial conditions graph.
Figure 10:Stochastic Spatial IBM Model with changed parameter within "Define spatial specific population and transmission parameters"
This graph shows a parameter changed within the "Define spatial specific population and transmission parameters" category, where the side length was changed to 50 from 100. The data goes up to 100 units for each infection state.
Figure 11:Stochastic Spatial IBM Model with changed parameter within "Define host population features"
This graph shows a parameter changed within the "Define host population features" category, where the population was changed from closed to open. This means that the simulation is affected by other conditions that would otherwise not be present in a closed model. So, in this graph, it can be seen that the recovered-immune line has declined greatly, and the infectious-symptomatic line has increased.
Questions from the article "Modelling the COVID-19 epidemic and implementation of population-wide interventions in Italy".
The authors modified the simple SIR model by distinguishing between detected and undetected cases of covid-19 infection, along with severity of one's illness. SIDARTHE is the name of their model, which includes: S-susceptible,I-infected,D-diagnosed,A-ailing,R-recognized,T-threatened, H-healed, and E-extinct.
Their model can provide policymakers methods in which they could predict the outcome of certain circumstances. Based on these tools, they have confirmed that strict social distancing, contact tracing, and lockdown are mandatory to help slow the spread of the virus.
Why is the University COVID Model so funny?
This model was funny because the physics major underestimated how often college students go out to party. When they're out, they increase risk of contracting the virus.
Scientific Conclusion
This week's assignment highlighted the importance of models when it comes to pandemics and epidemics. Models can provide tools to predict the outcome of various circumstances, which can be extremely crucial for making any positive step forward. The SIR model can display the rate of recovery, infection, and death, which are all important factors when navigating how to deal with a global pandemic. Therefore, it is important for government bodies to recognize the work of researchers and their models, to help society conquer this virus.
Copied syntax from BIOL368/F20 Week 1 Page
Copied syntax from Nathan R. Beshai
Copied instructions and websites from BIOL368/F20 Week 2 Page
Watched this video and wrote two questions The role of applied math in real-time pandemic response: How basic disease models work
Read "The SIR Model" and answered questions regarding it
Copied the Stochastic Spatial IBM model from Epidemix
Worked with Taylor Makela. We collaborated through text, and discussed various parameter changes on our models.
OpenWetWare. (2020). BIOL368/F20:Week 1. Retrieved September 16, 2020, from https://openwetware.org/wiki/BIOL368/F20:Week_1
Fefferman, N. (2020, April 1). The role of applied math in real-time pandemic response: How basic disease models work. [Youtube Video]. NIMBioS. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ewuo_2pzNNw&feature=youtu.be.
Epi-Interactive. (n.d). Epidemix Version 2. Retrieved September 16, 2020, from https://www.epidemix.app/#.
Giordano, G., Et. Al. (2020). Modelling the COVID-19 epidemic and implementation of population-wide interventions in Italy. Nature Medicine, 30,855-860. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0883-7.
Retrieved from "https://openwetware.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Kam_Taghizadeh_Week_2&oldid=1089345"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


A motorcycle rider suffered a leg fracture in an accident and reported to Cayuga Medical Center in Ithaca. The center referred him to an orthopedic specialist for additional treatment. However, the failure of his medical providers to timely diagnose and treat an infection ultimately led to the patient having his leg amputated below the knee. We helped this patient obtain a very fair confidential settlement.
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Short description Special computer algebra system for the computation in commutative and non-commutative rings and modules. The central method is Buchberger's algorithm and its generalizations to non-commutative rings, in particular to free k-algebras and algebras of solvable type. Among the implemented applications there are syzygy computations and basic ideal operations. Felix provides a complete programming language which in standard mode is interpreted but also on-line compiler and linker are included.


The reading of the KJV "the handwriting of ordinances that was against us" is interpreted by many to refer to the Torah, however the Greek actualy means "the certificate of debt consisting of decrees against us" which is actually referring not to the Torah, but to the record of our sins.
and fastened it on His gallows.
In the original Aramaic Paul is actually saying that it is by the Torah that "the handwriting of our debts which were against us" were blotted out. In both the Aramaic and the Greek it is not the Torah which was blotted out in Col. 2:14, but the record of our sins.


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text:
Top 10 Notorious B.I.G. Jams [RIP BIGGIE SMALLS]
Alex Jones | Mar 9, 2011 5:53 pm
On March 9th, 1997, the world lost an icon, an entertainer, a father, a beloved member of the hip hop community, a visionary, a lyrical genius, and a true urban legend. That was the day Christopher George Latore Wallace, but known to many as Biggie Smalls, aka Frank White, aka the Notorious B.I.G. died and the hip hop world has not been the same since he left, but his legacy will live on forever.
Every March 9th, real hip hop heads sit back, reminisce, and "remember back in the days, when niggaz had waves, gazelle shades, and corn braids, pitchin pennies, Honeys had the high top jellys, mothaf#%kers was all friendly, lougin at barbeques, drinkin brews, with the neighborhood crews, sittin on the avenues," and embrace the masterpiece that was Biggie Smalls.
Here are my top 10 Notorious B.I.G. songs of all time. RIP Big.
[youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rEaPDNgUPLE&w=590]
#10) "PARTY AND BULLSH*T"
This was the first time I heard Big. It was on the "Who's the Man?" soundtrack. Big was just raw back then. He was a SOURCE Unsigned Hype emcee who went from Uptown records w then A &R Sean "Puffy" Combs, over to Bad Boy Records, Combs label that he started once he left Uptown. "Party and Bullshit" was the first solo record that was released under his name.
[youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JOQVSXy1XI0&w=590]
#9) MACHINE GUN FUNK"
This is one of my favorite records off "Ready to Die." "So you wanna be hardcore…." Is how the song starts with a beat that just gets you going. Produced by Easy Mo Bee, this is one of Big's many lyrical gems.
[youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ktDeFS8KZPs&w=590]
#8) "SKY'S THE LIMIT"
This is one of Big's most underated songs. Produced by Clark Kent, Big goes in on this banger of the second disc of "Life After Death." The hook features the R&B group 112. This song is a B.I.G. motivational tale. Big spits, "To protect my position, my corner, my layer, While we out here, say the hustler's prayer, If the game shakes me or breaks me, I hope it makes me a better man, Take a better stand, Put money in my mom's hand, Get my daughter this college plan, So she don't know no man, Stay far from timid, Only make moves when ya heart's in it, And live by the phrase Sky's the Limit, Mothaf#%kers, see you chumps on top." Classic. And it has one of my favorite videos, directed by Spike Jonze, starring kids in roles that play out people in BIG's life.
[youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U4N2sSnH1Us&w=590]
#7) "ONE MORE CHANCE" (REMIX)
"First things first, I poppa, freak all the hunnies, dummies, playboy bunnies, those wanting money…" Ummmm banger. Hear this in the club and everybody breaks out into a smile. If you can't groove with a shorty to this track then you got two left feet. One of the best remixes that I have ever heard, along with the "hip hop" remix to this track, Big turned one of the "on the low" hot "Ready to Die" joints into a club phenomenon.
[youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y7yQwQtSN7M&w=590]
#6) "WHO SHOT YA"
This is one of Big's most memorable songs and one that is talked about in close relation to the Tupac Shakur shooting. Some have claimed that it is a diss track aimed right at Shakur, mocking his robbery and shooting in New York City. I think its pure hip hop genius. "Who Shot ya, Separate the weak from the ob-solete, Leap hard to creep them Brooklyn streets, It's on n#gga, f#%k all that bickering beef, I can hear sweat trickling down your cheek…." Hard lyrics.
[youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ihPOTDxMfE&w=590]
#5) "TEN CRACK COMMANDMENTS"
Gotta love it with Biggie and DJ Premier team up. The end result is always damn near perfection. "Ten Crack Commandments" is another standout from the "Life After Death" album. On this banger, Biggie breaks down his ten philosophies of life. You stick by these rules and you're good. I love #7: "This rule is so underrated, Keep your family and business completely separated, Money and blood don't mix like two d*cks and no bitch, find yourself in serious sh*t." Hahaha, way to tell 'em, Big.
[youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b6v1O50nL0c&w=590]
#4) "JUICY"
Beats, rhymes, and life are the true calling of this Big classic. This is Big's ultimate tale. It's probably his most well known song and one that will go down in hip hop history. It's one of Biggie's most commercial records and is his rags to riches story. Produced by Sean "Puffy" Combs, "Juicy" is a song that most people in the mid 90's could relate to in one way or another. It was a song that made you feel good and smile. "Birthdays were the worst days, now we sip champagne when we thirsty, Uh, Damn right I like the life I live, cause it went from negative to positive and it's all good…and if you don't know" Then now you know.
[youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6df0rha_Opw&w=590]
#3) "I GOT A STORY TO TELL"
Have you ever heard a smoother beat than this one? Produced by Buckwild and backed with a sample of Al Green's "I'm Glad Your Mine," this song closes out the great first disc of Big's "Life After Death." This song is rumored to be about an ex New York Knick. Whatever the case may be, Big hits on all cylinders in this classic. The lyrics are a little too graphic for me to mention in this piece, but please give this track a listen and a head nod, and thank Big for the storyteller that he was.
[youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H6HC4SpqyCo&w=590]
#2) "WARNING"
This is the quintessential homicide narrative from Mr. Christopher Wallace. Produced by Easy Mo Bee and sampling Issac Hayes "Walk On By," "Warning" is a lyrical masterpiece. Two and half minutes of straight lyrical venom letting his pray know what's going to happen as he's about to die. "Call the coroner, there's gonna be alot of slow singin' and flower bringin', if my burgular alarm starts ringi'n, Whatcha think all the guns is for? All purpose war got the rottweilers by the door, and I feed 'em gun powder so they can devour, The criminals tryin' to drop my decimals, DAMN… niggaz wanna stick me for my C.R.E.A.M., Man it ain't a dream, things ain't always what it seem."
[youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=es-B_PCFyDc&w=590]
#1) "UNBELIEVABLE"
It was extremely tough to pick my favorite Biggie Smalls song because there are so many to choose from. But this song has always been the crown jewel when it comes down to my favorite rap songs. "Unbelievable" is pure brilliance. It's got everything I want in a great hip hop track. Sick beat, (check) tight lyrics, (check) tight production, (check) and the very important likability factor; (check) the song has it all. It's a fun song to listen to and it's a rapper's delight. Big spits on this track and he throws darts all over this DJ Premier gem. This is another classic of "Ready to Die." That album is what gazillion rappers would die to make. Christopher Wallace made one of the most likable and appreciated albums of all time and it was his coming out party. I will end this article with his lyrics that are simply, unbelievable.
"Live from Bedford–Stuyvesant, the livest one, Representin' BK to the fullest, Gats I pull it, bastards duckin' when Big be buckin', Chickenheads be cluckin' in my bathroom f***in', It ain't nuttin', they know Big be handlin', with the mac in the Ac' door panelin', Bandaging MC's, oxygen they can't breathe, Mad tricks up the sleeve, wear boxers so my d*ck can breathe, Breeze through in the Q-45 by my side, lyrical high, And those that rushes my clutches get put on crutches, Get smoked like dutches from the master, Hate to blast ya, but I have ta, you see I smoke a lot, Your life is played out like Kwame, and them fuckin' polka dots, Who rock the spot? Biggie! You know how the weed go, unbelievable."
Rest in peace, Christopher Wallace.
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text:
Convergents as solutions for Pell's equation
We know that convergents of $\sqrt 2 $ offer solutions for Pell's equation of the format ${x^2} - 2{y^2} = 1$. I wonder how rational approximations of an irrational number become integer solutions for the above equation?
Also why only some convergents are integer solutions and why some or not? For example, $\boxed{\frac{3}{2}},\dfrac{7}{5}$, $\boxed{\frac{17}{12}},\dfrac{41}{29}$, . . . only some of the above are solutions and some are not. Is there any rule that governs which convergents become solutions? Can any one throw some light?
diophantine-equations
pell-type-equations
janmarqz
Ramakrishna SRamakrishna S
$\begingroup$ carry on en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pell%27s_equation $\endgroup$
– janmarqz
$\begingroup$ the others give $x^2 - 2 y^2 = -1.$ $\endgroup$
– Will Jagy
Here's a statement of results, completely without proof:
If you calculate the continued fraction for $\sqrt n$, where $m^2<n<(m+1)^2$, you'll find that it takes the form $m+\frac1{a_1+}\frac1{a_2+}\cdots\frac1{a_2+}\frac1{a_1+}\frac1{2m+}\cdots$, and the whole symmetric sequence repeats infinitely after that.
It happens too that all the $a_i$ are in the range $1\le a_i\le m$, and in fact $a_i=m$ happens (if it does at all) only in the very middle of the sequence of $a_i$'s. At any rate, your solutions of the Pell Equation $X^2-nY^2=\pm1$ come only from the convergents that you get by cutting off your continued fraction just before the appearance of the $2m$.
As an example, the expansion of $\sqrt{14}$ is $3+\frac1{1+}\frac1{2+}\frac1{1+}\frac1{6+}\frac1{1+}\frac1{2+}\frac1{1+}\frac1{6+}\cdots$, and to get your solutions of Pell, you cut off just before the $\frac16$. The first one is $3+\frac1{1+}\frac1{2+}\frac11=\frac{15}4$, and surenough, $X=15$, $Y=4$ is a solution.
Want to get only the solutions $X^2-nY^2=+1$? Depends on the length of the repeating part of the expansion. If it's even, all the valid convergents give solutions, while if it's odd as with $\sqrt2=1+\frac1{2+}\cdots$, the first valid convergent gives $-1$, the second gives $+1$, the third valid convergent gives $-1$, and so on.
LubinLubin
This is $\sqrt 2$ and $x^2 - 2 y^2.$ $$ \small \begin{array}{cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc} & & 1 & & 2 & & 2 & & 2 & & 2 & & 2 & & 2 & & 2 & & 2 & & 2 & & 2 & \\ \frac{0}{1} & \frac{1}{0} & & \frac{1}{1} & & \frac{3}{2} & & \frac{7}{5} & & \frac{17}{12} & & \frac{41}{29} & & \frac{99}{70} & & \frac{239}{169} & & \frac{577}{408} & & \frac{1393}{985} & & \frac{3363}{2378} & & \frac{8119}{5741} \\ \\ & 1 & & -1 & & 1 & & -1 & & 1 & & -1 & & 1 & & -1 & & 1 & & -1 & & 1 & & -1 \end{array} $$ ......................................
For other positive, squarefree $n,$ the convergents have $x^2 - n y^2$ alternating signs, giving values with absolute value smaller than $2 \sqrt n$
This is $\sqrt 3$ and $x^2 - 3 y^2.$ $$ \small \begin{array}{cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc} & & 1 & & 1 & & 2 & & 1 & & 2 & & 1 & & 2 & & 1 & & 2 & & 1 & & 2 & \\ \frac{0}{1} & \frac{1}{0} & & \frac{1}{1} & & \frac{2}{1} & & \frac{5}{3} & & \frac{7}{4} & & \frac{19}{11} & & \frac{26}{15} & & \frac{71}{41} & & \frac{97}{56} & & \frac{265}{153} & & \frac{362}{209} & & \frac{989}{571} \\ \\ & 1 & & -2 & & 1 & & -2 & & 1 & & -2 & & 1 & & -2 & & 1 & & -2 & & 1 & & -2 \end{array} $$
This is $\sqrt {14}$ and $x^2 - 14 y^2.$ $$ \small \begin{array}{cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc} & & 3 & & 1 & & 2 & & 1 & & 6 & & 1 & & 2 & & 1 & & 6 & & 1 & & 2 & \\ \frac{0}{1} & \frac{1}{0} & & \frac{3}{1} & & \frac{4}{1} & & \frac{11}{3} & & \frac{15}{4} & & \frac{101}{27} & & \frac{116}{31} & & \frac{333}{89} & & \frac{449}{120} & & \frac{3027}{809} & & \frac{3476}{929} & & \frac{9979}{2667} \\ \\ & 1 & & -5 & & 2 & & -5 & & 1 & & -5 & & 2 & & -5 & & 1 & & -5 & & 2 & & -5 \end{array} $$
Will JagyWill Jagy
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Integer points on a hyperbola
Continued fractions: convergence of fraction expansion
Solving Pell's equation: algorithm to converge $\sqrt n$
Form of solutions Pell's equation
Solving Quadratic Diophantine Equation with initial solutions.
Transforming Diophantine quadratic equation to Pell's equation
Inverting the solutions of Pell's equations
How to describe the solutions of a Pell equation which contains a rational number
Problem (perhaps trivial) with the continued-fraction approach to (generalized) Pell-solutions


I suggest not creating a brownpaper-r2, but rather replacing the old version with the new one. There is no need keeping the old one around. If yo usend in such a PR I'd merge it.
Topic: massive spam ... how do you handle this ?


Description : Rajan Malhotra and Raju Malhotra are poles apart. Rajan Malhotra (Tusshar Kapoor) is a proverbial bookworm, forever lost in studies and completely oblivious to the frolicking of a college dude. He hails from a well to do background and his parents are constantly worried due to his somber nature and his lack of interest in any extra curricular activities.


text:
HomeTroubled AreasAfghanistanThe Painful Story of the Mahmand Valley Ranger Raid: How Two Rangers Died, and Two F-16 Pilots Saved the Rest.
The Painful Story of the Mahmand Valley Ranger Raid: How Two Rangers Died, and Two F-16 Pilots Saved the Rest.
May 25, 2020 Afghanistan, Military Aviation, Troubled Areas
Tom Demerly
Rick Herter's illustration of the F-16 from the USAF 79th Fighter Squadron flown by Capt. Salvador A. Cruz in the close air support mission of April 26/27, 2017 during the raid on Mahmand Valley. (Photo: Courtesy of Rick Herter) In the box, Army Rangers Sgt. Cameron Thomas, 23, of Kettering, Ohio and Sgt. Josh Rodgers, 22, of Bloomington, Illinois. Both men died in the April 26/27, 2017 raid on Mahmand Valley. (Photo: U.S. Army)
Tragedy, Valor and Heroism.
"The first casualty of war is innocence. I assure you, war is ugly."
–Paraphrased from Legacy by SL Buckley.
"…the righteous are bold as a lion" Proverbs 28: 1-28.
Fifty Army Rangers were completely surrounded in the dark valley hamlet, taking heavy enemy fire from all sides. The April 26/27, 2017 Mohmand Valley Raid in Afghanistan's Nangarhar Province instantly descended into chaos. From chaos, it collapsed to tragedy. And from tragedy, redemption.
When the raid was over, Sgt. Josh Rodgers, 22, of Bloomington, Illinois and Sgt. Cameron Thomas, 23, of Kettering, Ohio, both from the Army's elite 3rd Battalion, 75th Ranger Regiment at Ft. Benning, Georgia, were dead.
Official U.S. Army photos of Army Rangers Sgt. Cameron Thomas, 23, of Kettering, Ohio and Sgt. Josh Rodgers, 22, of Bloomington, Illinois. Both men died in the April 26/27, 2017 raid on Mahmand Valley. (Photo: U.S. Army)
Then it got worse. Concerns of a chaotic death for Sgt. Rodgers and Sgt. Thomas by "fratricide", or friendly fire, began to emerge. Those concerns were later confirmed. But in confirmation of a chaotic and tragic death, a grieving family's grace elevated the tragic losses to become a true-life legend of heroism and selfless sacrifice.
And in the final act of this nearly mythical tragedy, two guardian angels emerged and slayed an evil despot wanted for the heinous 2017 terrorist attack on doctors and nurses in a downtown hospital that killed 49 and wounded 63.
Afghan security forces land special operations troops on the roof of Sardar Mohammad Daoud Khan National Military Hospital in Kabul, Afghanistan in response to the terrorist suicide attack on March 8, 2017 planned by Abdul Hasib. (Photo: Via BBC World News)
The target in the April 26, 2017 raid, Abdul Hasib, was truly evil. Only weeks earlier, on March 8, 2017, he masterminded a daylight suicide attack by terrorists dressed as doctors on the most modern hospital in Afghanistan, Sardar Mohammad Daoud Khan National Military Hospital in Kabul. Hasib's reign of terror as the leader of ISIS-Khorasan began in July, 2016. But thanks to Army Rangers and a pair of heroic F-16 pilots, Hasib's leadership would be terminated that April night in Mohmand Valley.
Sgt. Josh Rodgers and Sgt. Cameron Thomas were in the raiding force of 50 Army Rangers that hit Mohmand Valley at 10:30 PM local time. Almost immediately upon arrival of the Ranger strike force and their Afghan special operations counterparts, the raiding party was surrounded, taking heavy fire from all directions.
The Rangers called on a pair of U.S. Air Force F-16s from the 79th Fighter Squadron, the "Tigers", for support. What the pilots initially heard was so chaotic it was difficult to achieve accurate situational awareness of the massed firefight evolving in the dark valley below them. But the two F-16 pilots, Capts. John J. Nygard and Salvador A. Cruz, were able to conduct precision air strikes that broke the back of the enemy resistance and enabled the evacuation of Rangers Sgt. Josh Rodgers and Sgt. Cameron Thomas before they died. Thanks to the heroic flying of Capt. Nygard and Capt. Cruz, the two Rangers would not die in enemy hands.
F-16 pilots Nygard and Cruz were flying their second to last and last combat missions on their deployments after having been in the region for six months. It turned out to be their most significant, earning the two pilots a pair of Distinguished Flying Crosses, one of the Air Force's highest awards for valor.
At the ceremony awarding the two F-16 pilots their DFCs, Capt. Salvador A. Cruz told the gold-star mothers of Sgts. Joshua Rodgers and Cameron Thomas, "I can't imagine what it's like, but I can tell you what Joshua and Cameron mean to me. I'll never forget your sons. I promise you. As long as I'm alive and I pass this story along to my family, there's not a day that goes by that I don't think about them or you and what you did for me. I try to live my life in a way that honors their sacrifice. I tell their story so that other pilots, the new guys, are ready when their number is called."
At their DFC award ceremony, Capt. Salvador A. Cruz stood on stage next to Capt. Nygard while the award citation was read by their commanding officer. Cruz had tears in his eyes, shed for the loss of Sgt. Josh Rodgers and Sgt. Cameron Thomas, a tragic sacrifice that no military award could redeem.
USAF F-16 pilots Capt. John J. Nygard and Capt. Salvador A. Cruz receive the Distinguished Flying Cross for their air support mission over Mahmand Valley on April 26/27, 2017. (Photo: Kayla Roberts/The Sumter Item)
No clear photos of the F-16s' airstrikes in support of the Rangers on the ground in the darkness of April 26, 2017 exist. No visual, historic record. The action was too chaotic and the conditions too extreme for photos of the F-16s that flew the strikes. Only some night vision targeting video survives. Through a mutual contact in the Air Force, air combat illustrator Rick Herter spoke with Capt. Salvador Cruz, callsign "Viper 62". Herter wanted to create an accurate visual record of the chaotic mission that somehow depicted the heroism and sacrifice while honoring the memory of Sgt. Josh Rodgers and Sgt. Cameron Thomas.
Aviation artist Rick Herter told TheAviationist.com, "Capt. Cruz remarked to me that even from an altitude of 20,000 feet the volume of tracer fire and RPG directed toward the Rangers was something he'd never seen before. Over the following hours both Vipers expended all their bombs and 20 mm as they laid down fire in an effort to suppress and break the back of the enemy below. Taking numerous casualties and with two soldiers killed, the ground commander had his JTAC call for several strikes 'danger close'. Both pilots had the added hazard of the high mountains surrounding the valley which limited their ability to get down into the weeds. This made their precision from altitude even more critical while targeting and employing their weapons."
Rick Herter's illustration of the F-16 from the USAF 79th Fighter Squadron flown by Capt. Salvador A. Cruz in the close air support mission of April 26/27, 2017 during the raid on Mahmand Valley. (Photo: Courtesy of Rick Herter)
While it may have already been too late to save the two wounded Army Rangers, Sgts. Rodgers and Thomas, the two F-16 pilots, Cruz and Nygard, continued to fly air cover for the medical evacuation and provide protection for the remaining friendly forces still locked in a desperate battle in the darkness on the ground. Herter's depiction provides a haunting visual record of this desperate close air support mission.
In an epilogue to the tragic loss of Army Rangers Rodgers and Thomas, the father of Josh Rodgers told journalist David Proeber of the Pantagraph File in a December, 2017 interview that, ""We are very heartbroken for his Ranger brothers. There is no animosity on our side. We are completely at peace with what has happened."
A year later in December 2018, a legislative bill called "H.R. 4326" introduced by U.S. Congressman Darin LaHood passed the United States Senate. In a fitting tribute to one of the many heroes of the desperate battle for Mahmand Valley, the bill proposed to rename the U.S. Post office at 200 West North Street in Normal, Illinois after U.S. Army Sergeant Joshua Rodgers. While a humble gesture, it became just one of many that honor the memory of Sgt. Josh Rodgers and Sgt. Cameron Thomas. This, along with the visual history provided by Rick Herter of the two heroic F-16 pilots, Capts. John J. Nygard and Salvador A. Cruz, have become fitting memorials to two fallen heroes who define the ideals of American character and courage in the face of extreme adversity.
About Tom Demerly
Tom Demerly is a feature writer, journalist, photographer and editorialist who has written articles that are published around the world on TheAviationist.com, TACAIRNET.com, Outside magazine, Business Insider, We Are The Mighty, The Dearborn Press & Guide, National Interest, Russia's government media outlet Sputnik, and many other publications. Demerly studied journalism at Henry Ford College in Dearborn, Michigan. Tom Demerly served in an intelligence gathering unit as a member of the U.S. Army and Michigan National Guard. His military experience includes being Honor Graduate from the U.S. Army Infantry School at Ft. Benning, Georgia (Cycle C-6-1) and as a Scout Observer in a reconnaissance unit, Company "F", 425th INF (RANGER/AIRBORNE), Long Range Surveillance Unit (LRSU). Demerly is an experienced parachutist, holds advanced SCUBA certifications, has climbed the highest mountains on three continents and visited all seven continents and has flown several types of light aircraft.
Mahmand Valley Ranger Raid
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First Greek F-16V Performs Maiden Flight After Block 72 Upgrade
January 20, 2021 Military Aviation
Stefano D'Urso
The F-16V will continue flight testing before being ferried to the U.S. for final upgrades and certification. The first F-16V of the Hellenic Air Force flew for the first time after the end of the […]
NATO Special Operations Command: Taliban "Red Unit" Commander Killed in Air Strike. Here's The Video.
December 7, 2017 Afghanistan, Troubled Areas
Air Strike Hits Vehicle of Taliban Commander in Helmand Province, Afghanistan. The NATO Special Operations Component Command, Afghanistan has announced that the Taliban "Red Unit" (special operations) commander in Helmand province, Mullah Shah Wali, alias […]
What About A "Stealth Little Bird"?
May 25, 2011 Aviation, Military Aviation, Osama Bin Laden raid, Stealth Black Hawk
We discuss the possible existence of a quieter "Stealth Little Bird", based on a true story about the silent OH-6 used during the Vietnam War. I've already written a lot about the Stealth Black Hawk […]
Bill Proffin says:
> The target in the April 26, 2017 raid, Abdul Hasib, was truly evil. Only weeks earlier, on March 8, 2017, he masterminded a daylight suicide attack by terrorists dressed as doctors on the most modern hospital in Afghanistan, Sardar Mohammad Daoud Khan National Military Hospital in Kabul.
What's evil about that?
Get the fuck out of the country that belongs to the Pashtun, American scum, and let them deal with the ISIS scum you created in collusion with the kikes.
Red Baron says:
How many years, how much treasure, and how many dead American troops before the idiots in Washington decide it is enough?
Oh, wait, there's lots of money being made. We're probably good for another 20 years.


Originally posted on WUWT on Christmas day, and by the Lord Monckton Foundation (link) on Boxing day, this article by Lord Monckton explores the notion, and ways, of providing alarmists with a face saving way to bow out of the CAGW scam so as to minimise the time involved in the transition to a post CAGW scare world.
In the closing minutes of the final plenary of the U.N.'s Doha climate summit, when no one else had anything further to add, I spent a few seconds telling the delegates something that the bad scientists and the malicious media have done their level best to conceal. There has been no global warming for 16 years.
In the real world, this surely welcome news would have been greeted with cheers of relief and delight. Since the beginning of 1997, despite the wailing and gnashing of dentures among the classe politique, despite the regulations, the taxations, the carbon trades, the windmills, the interminable, earnestly flatulent U.N. conferences, the CO2 concentration that they had declared to be Public Enemy No. 1 has not stabilized. It has grown by one-twelfth.
Yet this startling growth has not produced so much as a twentieth of a Celsius degree of global warming. Any warming below the measurement uncertainty of 0.05 Cº in the global-temperature datasets is statistically indistinguishable from zero.
The much-vaunted "consensus" of the much-touted "ensembles" of the much- heralded "models" has been proven wrong. The much-feted "modelers" had written in 2008 that their much-cited "simulations" ruled out, to 95% confidence, intervals of 15 years or more without global warming. To them, 16 years without warming were as near impossible as makes no difference.
Yet those impossible years happened. However, you would never have known that surely not uninteresting piece of good news from reading the newspapers or watching ABC, BBC, CBC, NBC, et hoc genus omne. The media are not in the business of giving the facts or telling the truth any more.
Precisely because journalists no longer bother to provide the inconvenient truth to their audiences, and because they are no longer willing even to provide the people with the straightforward facts without which democracy itself cannot function, the depressingly ill-informed and scientifically-illiterate delegates in Doha can be forgiven for not having known that global warming stopped a long while back.
That is why they should have been excited and delighted when they heard the news – nearly all of them for the very first time.
But this was the alternative reality that is the corrupt, self-serving U.N. Howls, hoots and hollers of dismay and fury greeted my short, polite announcement. This absurdly inappropriate reaction raises a fascinating question.
How are we to dig a rat-hole wide enough to allow the useful idiots and true-believers to escape as each passing year makes it more and more obvious that their fatuous credo has all the plausibility of the now somewhat discredited notion that the world was to be snuffed out at this year's winter solstice?
Every student of the arts of diplomacy in the civil-service and staff colleges of the U.K. hears much about the rat-hole problem. How does one let the other side off some hook on which they have imprudently impaled themselves, while minimizing their loss of face?
A cornered rat will fight savagely, even against overwhelming odds, because it has no alternative. Give the rat a way out and it will instinctively take it.
The first step in digging a diplomatic rat-hole is to show that one understands how one's opponents came to make their mistake. One might make a point of agreeing with their premise – in the present instance, the long-proven fact that adding a greenhouse gas to an atmosphere such as ours can be expected, ceteris paribus, to cause some warming.
Then one tries to find justifications for their standpoint. There are five good reasons why the global warming that they – and we – might have expected has not occurred for 16 years: natural variability in general; the appreciable decline in solar activity since the Grand Maximum that peaked in 1960; the current 30-year cooling phase of the ocean oscillations, which began late in 2001 with the transition from the warming phase that had begun in 1976; the recent double-dip la Niña; and the frequency with which supra-decadal periods without warming have occurred in the instrumental record since 1850.
The next trick is to help them, sympathetically, to focus the blame for their error on as few of their number as possible. Here, the target is obvious. The models are to blame for the mess the true-believers are in.
We must help them to understand why the models got it so very wrong. This will not be easy, because nearly all of our opponents have no science or math at all.
We can start our deconstruction of the models by pointing out that – given the five good reasons why global warming might not occur for 15 years or more at a time – the modelers' ruling out periods of 15 years or more without warming shows they have given insufficient weight to the influence of natural variability. We can poke gentle fun at their description of CO2 as " the tuning-knob of the climate", and help them to put things into perspective by reminding them that Man has so far altered only 1/10,000 of the atmosphere, and may alter 1/3000 of it by 2100.
We cannot altogether avoid the math. But we can put it all in plain English, and we can use logic, which is more accessible to the layman than climatological physics. Here goes.
The fundamental equation of climate sensitivity says temperature change is the product of a forcing and a climate-sensitivity parameter.
The modellers' definition of forcing is illogical; their assumptions about the value of the climate-sensitivity parameter are not Popper-falsifiable; and their claims of reliability for their long-term predictions are empirically disproven and theoretically insupportable. Let us explain.
The IPCC defines a forcing as the net down-minus-up flux of radiation at the tropopause, holding surface temperature fixed. Yet forcings change that temperature. A proposition and its converse cannot simultaneously be true. That is the fundamental postulate of logic, and the models' definition of forcing manifestly offends against it.
No surprise, then, that since 1995 the IPCC has had to cut its estimate of the CO2 forcing by 15%. The "consensus" disagrees with itself. Note in passing that the CO2 forcing function is logarithmic: each further molecule causes less warming than those before it. Diminishing returns apply.
We can remind our opponents that direct warming is little more than 1 Cº per doubling of CO2 concentration, well within natural variability. It is not a crisis. We can explain that the modelers have imaginatively introduced amplifying or "positive" temperature feedbacks, which, they hope, will triple the direct warming from CO2.
Yet this dubious hypothesis, not being Popper-falsifiable, is not logic and, therefore, not science. If a hypothesis cannot be checked by any empirical or theoretical method, it is not – stricto sensu – a hypothesis at all. It is of no interest to science.
Not one of the imagined feedbacks is empirically measurable or theoretically determinable to a sufficient precision by any method. As an expert reviewer for the IPCC's Fifth Assessment Report, I have described its strongly net-positive feedback interval as guesswork – and that, in logic and therefore in science, is exactly what it is.
There is a powerful theoretical reason for suspecting that the modellers' guess that feedbacks triple direct warming is erroneous. The climatic closed-loop feedback gain implicit in the IPCC's climate-sensitivity estimate of 3.3[2.0, 4.5] Cº per CO2 doubling falls on the interval 0.62[0.42, 0.74], though you will find no mention of the crucial concept of loop gain either in the IPCC's documents or – as far as I can discover – in any of the few papers that discuss the mathematics of temperature feedbacks in the climate object.
Process engineers building electronic circuits, who invented feedback mathematics, tell us any loop gain much above zero is too near the singularity – at a loop gain of 1 – in the feedback-amplification equation. At a gain as high as is implicit in the models' climate-sensitivity estimates, the geological record would show violent oscillations between extremes of warming and cooling.
one moment and a hothouse Earth the next, but they are altogether too small to be consistent with a feedback loop gain anywhere near as close to the singularity as official estimates imply, for homeostatic conditions prevail.
The atmosphere's lower bound, the ocean, is a vast heat-sink 1100 times denser than the air. Since 3000 bathythermographs were deployed in 2006 no significant ocean warming has been found.
The upper bound of the atmosphere is outer space, to which any excess heat radiates harmlessly away.
Homeostasis, then, is what we should expect, and it is what we get. Accordingly, the climatic loop gain – far from being as impossibly high as the IPCC's central estimate of 0.62 – cannot much exceed zero, so the warming at CO2 doubling will scarcely exceed 1 Cº.
It is also worth explaining to our opponents the fundamental reason why models cannot do what the modelers claim for them. The overriding difficulty in attempting to model the climate is that it behaves as a chaotic object. We can never know the values of its millions of defining parameters at any chosen moment to a sufficient precision to permit reliable projection of the bifurcations, or Sandy-like departures from an apparently steady state, that are inherent in all objects that behave chaotically. Therefore, reliable, very-long-term prediction of future climate states is known a priori to be unavailable by any method.
The modelers have tried to overcome this constraint by saying that the models are all we have, so we must make the best of them. But it is self-evidently illogical to use models when reliable, very-long-term weather forecasting is not available by any method.
This fundamental limitation on the reliability of long-term predictions by the models – known as the Lorenz constraint, after the father of computerized or "numerical" weather forecasting, whose 1963 paper Deterministic Non-Periodic Flow founded chaos theory by examining the behavior of a five-variable mini-model of the climate constructed as a heuristic – tells us something more, and very important, about the climate.
Bifurcations (or, in our opponents' intellectual baby-talk, "tipping-points") in the evolution of the climate object over time are not a whit more likely to occur in a rapidly-warming climate than in a climate which – like our own – is not warming at all.
Sandy and Bopha, and the hot summer in the U.S., could not have been caused by global warming, for the blindingly obvious reason that for 16 years there has not been any.
However, there are many variables in the climate object other than CO2 concentration and surface temperature. Even the tiniest perturbation in any one of these millions of parameters is enough, in an object that behaves chaotically, to induce a bifurcation.
Nothing in the mathematics of chaos leads one to conclude that "tipping-points" are any more likely to occur in response to a large change in the value of one of the parameters (such as surface temperature) that describe an object than in response to an infinitesimal change.
The clincher, in most diplomatic discussions, is money. Once we have led our opponents to understand that there is simply no reason to place any credence whatsoever in the exaggerations that are now painfully self-evident in the models, we can turn their attention to climate economics.
Pretend, ad argumentum, that the IPCC's central estimate of 2.8 Cº warming by 2100 is true, and that Stern was right to say that the GDP cost of failing to prevent 3 Cº warming this century will be around 1.5% of GDP. Then, at the minimum 5% market inter-temporal discount rate, the cost of trying to abate this decade's predicted warming of 0.15 Cº by topical, typical CO2-mitigation measures as cost- ineffective as, say, Australia's carbon tax would be 48 times greater than the cost of later adaptation. At a zero discount rate, the cost of action will exceed the cost arising from inaction 36 times over.
How so? Australia emits just 1.2% of Man's CO2, of which Ms. Gillard aims to cut 5% this decade. So Australia's scheme, even if it worked, would cutting just 0.06% of global emissions by 2020. In turn, that would cut CO2 concentration from a predicted 410 μatm to 409.988 μatm. It is this infinitesimal change in CO2 concentration, characteristic of all measures intended – however piously – to mitigate future warming that is the chief reason why there is no economic case for spending any money at all on mitigation today.
The tiny drop in CO2 concentration would cut predicted temperature by 0.00006 Cº. This pathetic result would be achieved at a cost of $130 billion, which works out at $2 quadrillion/Cº. Abating the 0.15 Cº warming predicted for this decade would thus cost $317 trillion, or $45,000/head worldwide, or 59% of global GDP.
Mitigation measures inexpensive enough to be affordable will be ineffective: measures expensive enough to be effective will be unaffordable. Since the premium exceeds the cost of the risk, don't insure. That is a precautionary principle worthy of the name.
When the child born in Bethlehem ~2012 years ago grew up, He told His audience the parable of the prodigal son, who had squandered his inheritance but was nevertheless welcomed by his father with a fatted calf when he returned and said he was sorry.
However vicious and cruel the true-believers in the global-warming fantasy have been to those few of us who have dared publicly to question their credo that has now been so thoroughly discredited by events, we should make sure that the rat-hole we dig for their escape from their lavish folly is as commodious as possible.
If all else fails, we can pray for them as He prayed looking down from the Cross on the world He had created.
Root Cause Analysis reveals politicians as the source of this massive fraud – not scientists. Some so-called scientists went along with politicians by willingly accepting political largesse. But politicians' need for a cause celebre caused the deception. Mencken wrote "The whole aim of practical politics is to keep the populace alarmed (and hence clamorous to be led to safety) by menacing it with an endless series of hobgoblins, all of them imaginary."
In the 1980's the East Anglia University did Margaret Thatcher's bidding. Her speech to the Royal Society on 27th September 1988 kicked off this alarm. As someone with a Chemistry Degree (polymer chemistry) her hidden agenda was gaining recognition on the international political stage by becoming the champion of Global Warming.
In Australia the likes of Flannery, Steffen and Karoy and others have prostituted their professions to satisfy Gillard's need to remain in favour with The Greens to retain power.
Don't attack the modellers. Sure they are wrong but hardly anybody notices it.
Remove Labor at the next election for its carbon tax fiasco and scare the daylights out of the Coalition with its ridiculous policies of Direct Action and adherence to the Renewable Energy Target. This will be best achieved by slashing both major parties' primary vote, especially for the Senate. A bunch of Independent Senators all committed to ridding our nation of this fraud will be the most effective emetic.
Rather poor show though, a climate sceptic website whose available fonts don't stretch to being able to print degrees Celsius in some recognisable fashion.


Shane Portfolio is Senior Vice President of Technical Operations and Engineering for Comcast Cable's West Division, with responsibility for engineering, technical operations and advanced services for more than six million customers. Shane oversees the Division's fiber network and IP-based infrastructure. He also leads the Division's technical operations and engineering teams responsible for testing and deployment of new technologies and resources to deliver innovative new products and services as well as a reliable network and customer experience.
Shane is a 14-year veteran of the U.S. Army, where he was a Platoon Sergeant recognized as a Top Gun for Colorado and served as a leadership instructor for Combat Arms Units. Shane is also a lifelong learner; after earning his Bachelor of Science at Metropolitan State University of Denver in Computer Information Systems and Management Science, he went on to earn several advanced degrees, including master's degrees in Organizational Leadership from Regis University and in Telecommunications from Denver University.


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'Strike Back' Star Alin Sumarwata on Finding Your Characters Through Yourself (and Vice Versa)
By Ashley Steves | Apr. 10, 2018, 07:30 PM | Last Updated: Apr. 16, 2018, 02:37 PM
Photo Source: Liam Daniel/Cinemax
After the birth of her two daughters and a starring role on Australia's long-running soap opera "Neighbours," actor Alin Sumarwata was certain she was ready to switch into a stay-at-home role and back away from future auditions.
But, of course, life instead led Sumarwata to eight-hour boot camp auditions, then high-intensity military training in Jordan, then getting her head shaved for her current role as Lance Corporal Gracie Novin on Cinemax's "Strike Back: Retribution," the reboot of the popular military action series.
It wasn't the first time her acting passion has yelled at her—she initially put her career on hold to pursue degrees in Laws and Commerce before landing a gig on the Indonesian soap opera "Kenapa Ada Cinta"—and, now, with a major role on "Strike Back," renewed for a sixth season just before its Season 5 finale, Sumarwata is listening closely to that voice. She hopped on a call with Backstage to discuss her character Novin, honoring the "Strike Back" franchise, and going to extremes to make a role your own.
Novin was as far out of her own reality as could have been written, which made the character all the more attractive.
"I felt like everything stood still for a moment. I'm reading this character breakdown about this soldier had a background in engineering and tough-talking and a gearhead— basically, everything opposite to what I am (laughs). As I was reading it, and I remember my husband came home that afternoon and I'm sitting there, still in my robe, breastfeeding one, trying to feed the other, disheveled. And I said, 'This audition came through...it's a soldier! It's a military action show.' I was in a totally different world of storybooks and organic food for children and playgrounds! You couldn't put two more polar elements together."
Getting into character required both physical and mental endurance.
"I was conscious about my state of fitness and weight, so I was thinking of weight loss, weight loss, weight loss. When I went to the boot camp, the day when we basically put on tests to see who would die, I realized really quickly this had nothing to do with weight loss, it was all about strength and agility and stamina and endurance—mentally, especially, and physically. When I did change my focus to those elements of training, it gave me a different motivation altogether. Everyone was pretty athletic and I was just like, 'Man, I just need to get through it, not give up. I'm not as fast, I'm not as strong as everyone here, but I need to get through it.' That was my mantra through the day."
Find a version of yourself in your characters.
"[For Novin], I went back to maybe my 15-year-old self, the time where I was probably the most ready to take on anything. That's how I can ground myself into something truthful. It's got to be a version of yourself at some point in time with those given circumstances that caused you to come to that point and what's going to motivate you to keep moving forward. Sometimes I watch things back and I'm like, 'Wow, I don't believe that's me.' She's a completely different character to who I was. There are parts of it in me."
Let go of each scene after you finish it.
"You do a scene and it's done and you've got to move on. You can't sit there and go, 'Oh, damn. Next time, I'm gonna do it this way.' I could kill myself walking out sometimes over thoughts of how I could've done it better. Those thoughts, they're not really helpful for that scene. You really got to quickly be like, 'That's what it was in that moment. Let it go. Next thing. Better next time.'"
Be grateful for even your off-periods of no work, because you can use that time to hone your skills.
"There's that great saying that a lot of people in the military use when it comes to gun battles: when things go absolutely helter-skelter, 'you fall to the level of your training.' Any skill that you have a passion for, you should follow it because it will be used in some way, somehow. You draw those roles to yourself by training in that way. Be as grateful for the times when you don't have the work, because you have the freedom to choose, 'Okay, I'm going to train myself here' and really work yourself getting your skills up, so that when the job comes, it's all there."
No matter how intense the scene you're preparing is, you need to tap into your inner calm.
"The thing you really have to dig into yourself [for] is that inner calm and peace where you can actually focus and you can see through the chaos. It doesn't matter how intense something is, you need to come from a relaxed position to be able to come out with that fire and power."
When reading a role for an audition, make a connection with it that no one else will.
"[Directors and producers] know what they've given to you; they don't want it just spat back out. They want to see a personal connection you've made to it and something unique that's you. What you have to make it special is to find a piece of you that you can just stamp on it so they can see what's the potential of what you can bring to the project and to the story and how you can embellish the story and how you can be an asset to the production."
Working with original 'Strike Back' stars Sullivan Stapleton and Philip Winchester was a dream come true.
"We knew there were whispers of it, but the chances of it happening were so slim because of their scheduling; you needed both of them. It really dawned on me when I was sitting in the makeup room and when those boys came in the way, they were embraced and loved by the crew, I just broke down crying. It was so much history there. They're just so fun, so generous, and so malleable."
Novin is exactly the character she wants to see more of on television.
"More women in physical action leadership roles. Women getting in there and getting their hands dirty and fixing and doing shit. I think it's important to see that. For young girls, they need to see that. They need to see that women are capable and those opportunities just need to be there for them to see that."
Looking to get cast? Apply to casting calls on Backstage.
Ashley Steves
Cabaret & Variety
The Virtual Performers: 'Cupid's Cabaret'
Commercials (Voiceover)
TV Spot, New Zealand Accent VO


All I had someone ask me what parts I used. Here ya go.... Keep in mind I did NOT replace my flywheel.
How many miles were on your flywheel?
Awesome thanks for the quick response. I just ordered my Sach 2.5 set and been debating on ordering a new flywheel or not. (Hit 62,000 miles exactly today). Assuming zero issues thus far?
Zero issues and I drive the F***** out of my car!
9 track days last year, ZERO issues, stage 3 Cobb tune.
'05 Boxster S Engine Failure- Warranty Will Replace Engine. Options for Engine Swap?
physical differences between GTS Engine and Turbo Engine?


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HomeSportGAAJim McGuinness: 'Donegal focus is firmly on Derry game'
JIM McGuinness says that his Donegal squad remains 'fully focussed' on the May 25th Ulster Championship opener with Derry at Celtic Park and the Glenties man is 'looking forward' to meeting Brian McIver's Division 1 finalists in three weeks' time.
Jim McGuinness: 'Donegal focus is firmly on Derry game'
Posted: 9:20 am May 5, 2014
Jim McGuinness
c.mcnulty@donegalnews.com
JIM McGuinness says that his Donegal squad remains 'fully focussed' on the May 25th Ulster Championship opener with Derry at Celtic Park and the Glenties man is 'looking forward' to meeting Brian McIver's Division 1 finalists in three weeks' time.
The departure last week of 2012 All-Ireland winner and All-Star Mark McHugh sparked concerns of unrest in the Donegal camp. The 23-year old's departure coincided with confirmation of the withdrawals of Gary McFadden, Antoin McFadden and Thomas McKinley from the panel.
McHugh outlined last week that he'd fallen out of love with the game and was quitting the panel.
"Mark has been a big part of the group since 2010 when he was with the Under-21s," McGuinness said of McHugh.
"In many respects he played in a specialised role in the team and he has been a big part of our success."
McHugh and McGuinness spoke via telephone on Tuesday of last week, when the player conveyed his decision to McGuinness.
It is understood that McHugh intimated to the manager that he felt he wasn't enjoying his football. With his final year exams at Sligo IT coinciding with the week leading into the Derry game, the player intimated that he wouldn't be able to give 100 per cent commitment at that time, while the thought of moving to America to play club football during the summer was also mooted.
McHugh has had injury troubles of late. Having missed the final group game in Division 2 away to Armagh with a hamstring injury, he started as a sub in the League final defeat to Monaghan last weekend, coming on as a sub late in the first half to make his 46th Donegal appearance.
Last year, McHugh missed a large chunk of Donegal's League campaign owing to a pelvis injury and, following a heavy collision with Monaghan's Stephen Gollogly in the Ulster final, he sustained concussion, a perforated eardrum and a quad muscle tear.
Indifferent form this campaign and the fact that Donegal played without a sweeper for much of this spring had made the player's place vulnerable.
Despite the loss of a player who was the keystone in a system that won Sam Maguire in 2012 and back-to-back Ulster Championships, McGuinness says that their clash with Derry remains ingrained to the forefront of their thoughts.
McGuinness said: "You would, in an ideal world, like to have everyone going into battle, but the squad is competitive and we're looking forward to the game. The boys are working hard at the moment. We're also starting to get our teeth into sharp work now at training which is important.
"We're looking forward to the 25th of May. Without a doubt it's a big game and Derry will present us with a big challenge. Their form has been impressive since the turn of the year. We will need to be focussed and prepared for the challenge they'll present to us in three weeks time."
Gary McFadden, Antoin McFadden and McKinley decided to step away having arrived at the conclusion that their efforts would be best channeled into their respective clubs. McGuinness said he can understand why such decisions were taken and said that the trio's departures were part of a 'natural attrition' that occurs every year between League and Championship campaigns.
He said: "It's great being part of a county squad, but at the same time every player wants to play. I understand that. It can be difficult when players don't make the 26 on match day and are not getting game time. That can be frustrating and I can empathise with that.
"This year we have had a lot less injuries than previous years and that has made picking the 26 a more difficult task.
"I'd like to thank all four players for their effort and commitment this term and over the previous terms and wish them well with their clubs during the summer."
Three weeks out from their trip to the Maiden City, McGuinness remains upbeat about his team's prospects for the summer.
He said: "We have a good winter under our belts and the squad is a lot more competitive this year. Paddy McGrath has come back into full training and he'll get games with his club over the next couple of weeks. Karl Lacey, Neil Gallagher and Christy Toye have made very good progress over the course of the National League as well which is positive heading into championship. The big challenge lies ahead in a few weeks time and our focus is now very much on that date"


A friend will be flying in for a visit to Ajijic in July. She has leased a place up the hill which she can't manage by foot. I would like to give her the use of my car while she is here that month. Can anyone tell me the Mexican car insurance ramifications of doing this?
Ask your agent. Not all companies have the same rules.
Mexican plates or imported on your FM3? If it's a local car, then it's just as rolly says, a matter of checking with your insurance agent. Iirc, if it's a US plated car, then loaning it to someone outside the family is a no-no.
The rules are now looser than that for a foreign plated car. In 2004 Article 106 was changed to allow a person outside the owner's family who has an FMT, FM2 or FM3 to drive the car.
Look here for Article 106 -- both the 2000 version with an official translation into English and the 2004 version without a translation.
The vehicles could be drived in national territory by the importer, his spouse, his ascending, descending or brothers, even though these are not foreign, by a foreigner who has some of the migratory qualities to that east interjection talks about, or by a national, whenever in this last case, travels on board of the same anyone of the people authorized to drive the vehicle and will be able to carry out multiple entrances and exits.
The vehicle may be driven in national territory by the importer, his/her spouse, ancestors, descendants, or brothers/sisters, and when one of these (spouse, ancestor, descendent, brother/sister) is not a foreigner (in other words is a mexican citizen or national), for a foreigner (who is a spouse, ancestor, descendent, or brother/sister of the importer) who has the same migratory status as the importer.
So if you are a foreigner who want to drive someone else's imported vehicle in mexico, you must still be related to the importer in the ways mentioned, and possess the same migratory status. So this excludes first cousins, aunts/uncles, distant relatives, and friends.
This is my interpretation. Comments anyone?
I take this to mean anyone with an FM*.
I would be happy to accept Jennifer Rose as the final word on this interpretation.
"por un extranjero que tenga alguna de las calidades migratorias a que se refiere este inciso" is the phrase under question here. I agree with Rolly as my understanding of this is that the "inciso" (clause, paragraph) is specifically for foreigners who bring a car into the country. Then who may drive that care is outlined as self, spouse, descendents, parents, a sibling, even is he/she is a foreigner, and foreigners who have one (alguna) of the immigration status that this "inciso" applies to.
Other Spanish speakers, how do you interpret this?
In January the Canadian Club at Chapala had a presentation and answer session with the heads of Immicracion and Customs. This question came up and they said that anyone with FMT, FM3, or FM2 could drive a foreign plated car as long as they had a letter of authorization. I was not there, but talked about it with people who were there and in fact I was just geting on line to pose this question.
If its a translation, what does Jennifer Rose say?
Would that letter of authorization need to be from the owner of the vehicle or from a Mexican governmental agency?
I think I'm as confused now as I was when I posted the original question! Ms. Rose?
From the owner. And it's a good idea in the USA as well.