An invaluable source of policy and consultation documents, and news items – the only reliable way of keeping up with changing government planning policy.
My friends and family are aware of my passion for music, in particular for guitars of all shapes, kinds and amplification. My website of choice for idle fantasy therefore has to be this one. I may not buy many guitars, but I can always dream!
The increasing concern over Barton Willmore's carbon footprint led me to this site, which is an interesting guide to the best performing cars in terms of carbon dioxide emissions.
This site keeps me in touch with the latest ventures of my younger son, who is an A&R manager with this Leeds-based record label.


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The blue footed what? The blue-footed booby is a marine bird.
Don't miss the blue footed booby mating dance video link below!
1.	The male shows off his blue feet to the female when courting her. The bluer the feet, the more attractive he is to his potential mate.
3. The blue-footed booby is 32-34 inches (81-86cm) high with a wingspan of 5 feet (1.5m). It weighs 3.25 pounds (1.5kg).
4. Blue-footed boobies are expert hunters at sea. They will often dive from 80 feet high to catch fish underwater. They can also dive from a sitting position.
5. Both parents care for their chicks. They usually have 1-3 chicks at a time. A parent will cover their chick with their webbed feet to keep them warm.
6. Nestlings that are bullied go on to live happy and productive lives (they are easy to study because they have no natural predators and humans have never hunted them).
7. Blue-footed boobies live off the west coasts of Central and South America, with half the breeding pairs living in the Galapagos Islands.
8. Young blue-footed boobies have darker blue feet.
9. Their name is thought to come from the Spanish word "bobo" which means "stupid" or "clown." They may look clumsy on land, but they far from stupid (maybe a bit bird-brained though).
10. Most blue-footed boobies will live and breed within dozens of feet of where they were born.
This entry was posted in Seabirds and tagged 10 facts, seabirds. Bookmark the permalink.


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Buchanan Commission approves bid for Third Street repairs
By Debra Haight
BUCHANAN – It did not take long for Buchanan City Commissioners to decide who they want to make Third Street infrastructure repairs. After a special meeting Monday to hear from the two bidders on the project, commissioners took only a half hour to accept the bid from Selge Construction of Niles.
Selge was awarded the contract for the work although their bid was higher than the one submitted by Green Construction of Buchanan. Mayor Sean Denison noted that the two bids were only $20,000 apart for most of the work, with Selge at $281,000 and Green at $260,000.
It was their estimates for replacing manholes where the bids greatly diverged. Denison said Green had put down $6,000 for that work while Selge said it would cost $43,000. Both bids had included replacing the four-inch sewage pipes with eight-inch pipes.
Scott Riley of Selge said their bid was higher because they expect that it will be a "several day process" to complete the manhole part of the project. Mack Green of Green Construction said their bid was lower because he doesn't think the manholes will be that difficult to do. He said it would have to be a "totally unforeseen circumstance" to cost much more.
Last week, commissioners had delayed awarding the contract when they had questions about the two bids received. They questioned the wide disparity between the two bids and wanted to make sure the bids were pricing the same items and met the city's specifications.
The storm sewer on a 300-foot long section of Third Street off of Red Bud Trail collapsed in late June after heavy rains and is yet to be repaired. The street has remained close for two months as city staff has worked to gather information on what has to be done and solicit quotes.
Monday, commissioners questioned both Green and Selge, but quickly settled on Selge as the company they preferred. The vote was unanimous from the four commissioners in attendance and City Manager Heather Grace said absent commissioner Larry Money also favored Selge.
Denison said he meant no disrespect to Green, but he felt Selge knows more and has more experience and ability to do this type of project.
Green did not challenge the commission's decision after the vote, but did ask about the process and why the commission didn't give bid totals. He said the project wasn't bid out "apples to apples" with plans and specifications set out. Grace said the city didn't have an engineer to do a formal request for bids but that both firms were given the layout of the work needing to be done.
Grace said the city has enough money in the water-sewer and local street funds to cover the cost of the project. The work is expected to start by mid-September depending on getting state permits for the work and being able to get the materials needed.
Another piece of news came at the end of the meeting. When former commissioner Dan Vigansky questioned whether the commission was setting a precedent by allowing Green to appear via Zoom for the meeting, Denison said city staff are working to upgrade equipment in City Hall to once again allow people to attend meetings virtually. That could come as soon as September.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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The Cognitive Tom Fuckery that Explains the Embarrassment of Impeachment Defense
By CalicoJack on 22 January 2020 • ( 6 Comments )
Call UR MoC: Demand a Fair Impeachment Trial
One of the big take aways from day one of the Senate impeachment trial was how poorly prepared the lawyers for the Ol' Pussy Grabber were. Say what you will about them because I don't know a darn thing about them other than they agreed to work for the Ol' Pussy Grabber. Anyone who is working for him in year four of his narcissacracy has got to have no self respect and completely consumed by self-serving avarice.
The question I want to answer here is, why would they be prepared? So many pundits are expressing surprise, My goodness, George, I can't believe how unprepared they are! And, they're telling falsehoods and making huge mistakes. Seriously? After four years of watching bumblefuck blunder his way across the world stage, you're surprised that his lawyers can't get this right?
Impeachment Support and Collective Intelligence
What incentive would they have to come in as prepared as Schiff and the Dems are? First, they know that #MoscowMitch is going to acquit. If it's controlled by Mitch, they will acquit. They know that no matter what they do, that's the outcome. They could stand up there and read Green Eggs and Ham or fart the alphabet or show their pet pictures or explain why the Ol' Pussy Grabber is guilty in great detail, and he would still be acquitted. It's not like its a real trial or anything like they actually have a chance at losing.
They're old folks, and they're already going to be kept up to 3:00 AM and expected back at 1:00 PM the next day! How is that even fair? How much effort are they going to put into this? Hunh?
Since the fish rots from the head down, you wouldn't expect them to be any more prepared than the Ol' Pussy Grabber was for anything he's ever done, so zilch-o.
Explaining Opposition for Impeachment 2/3
As complete and satisfying of answer as that is, there is more to the story. I have to think Pat Cipollone is a professional and has some sense of professional pride and stuff. Hell, even the likes of Jay Sekulow and Pam Bondi have to have some kind of pride. Let's face it Kenneth Starr left is pride on the Bill Clinton's cum-stained blue dress.
What would it be like actually preparing for this trial? They would have to think about the charges and evidence against the Ol' Pussy Grabber, and they would have to think of the arguments that the House impeachment managers would make. Then, they would have to think of ways of refuting them, which would mean that they would have to think about the law and the Constitution. In short, they would have to consider (a) how guilty he is because there ain't no gettin' 'round that one, (b) how much they were aiding and abetting a traitor to our country because there's no getting around that, and (c) the pure evil that they are working for. And, that my friends is where cognitive dissonance comes in.
Gaslighting: Ukraine & Impeachment
We can all do amazingly bad and wrong things as long as we don't think about it too much. The ability of the mind to rationalize all of the atrocities ever committed on a human being by another makes your head spin when you realize that if you ask the atrocity-committer, they did it for very good reasons. But, this would be different. They would have to walk through the details of each and every crime. They would have to confront the evil that the Ol' Pussy Grabber and his admin, i.e. Cipollone, has done. Then, they would have to see how it matched up with each and every charge, and then think of some way to refute that. How do you refute traitorous evil?
There's a degree of cognitive dissonance necessary for someone who has just a shred of decency left in them that may be a bridge too far for someone like Cipollone. In pressuring the Ukraine to announce that they were opening a fake investigation — no real investigation necessary just like a real trial isn't necessary — in exchange for legally granted aide money, the Ol' Pussy Grabber has made himself into one of the most immoral self-dealing crooks to have ever squatted in the Oval. Not only that, but there is solid evidence that this is the fourth try at getting her done. This is the fourth quid pro quo exchange that they've tried to make with Zelensky having previously whiffed on a visit by Mother Pence, the highest-breasted queen to have ever graced Blair House (allegedly), at his inauguration and a visit to the WH.
You're Endorsing Who?
Cognitive dissonance is the cognitive trick that we play on ourselves when our behavior does not match our beliefs or values. Imagine your average American citizen finding herself, as Pat Cipollone has, in a position to help an active traitor. You don't realize it at first. You take a job at the White House because you're near the top of your profession, but, also, because you have some love of country. It's an honor to serve your country by working in such a singular place. Little by little it dawns on you that the person you work for is not only a shit but also a traitor. He's selling out the country for personal gain.
Wow! Talk about conflicts. How do you reconcile the patriotism that persuaded you to work for your country with damaging your country by doing so? Most of us cannot admit that kind of mistake to ourselves. The error is of too great of a magnitude. Most of us would become adept at ignoring all of the signs that we are actively damaging the country we love. Unless of course, you're a psychopath like so many successful business people and politicians are, then it is whatever serves you best.
For grasping shallow people like Pam Bondi who find themselves in the pit of vipers working at the WH, it might be met with a shrug and a grind of the teeth, but Cipollone may be a cut above that. And, he may be desperate to continue the thinly veiled fiction that he is still a patriot working to better his country while aiding and abetting and colluding with the perfidious bunch that the Ol' Pussy Grabber has surrounded himself with.
I'll be unkind to Bondi. It probably hasn't even dawned on her, yet, what exactly is going on and how badly she's being used. But, Cipollone leads the show. They do what he says and follow his lead. And, he may be tying himself in knots right about now to convince himself that what he's doing is right or at least okay. If you were trying to not admit to yourself that you are actively being seditious, then you might, when put in a place to defend the sedition, not examine it too closely, especially, if you didn't have to, to defend it. You know, you might just ignore the whole big stinking pile of putrefying morass in the middle of the room.
If given the opportunity to just mail it in, I think you would. I think that's what we're seeing here. The lawyers defending the Ol' Pussy Grabber just mailing one in for the team because it beats actually doing the job they were sent in to do. Also, the Ol' Pussy Grabber has probably told them what he wants them to say, so why go beyond that brief? Everything that's been said and done so far in his defense smacks of his narcissistic lack of reasoning and understanding of the real world.
After all is said and done with this sorry chapter in our history in whatever survives this dystopian moment in our history — I don't think we'll have the proud democracy that was flawed but trying to be a more perfect union that we once had; we'll be a disgraced democracy, at best, trying to pick up the pieces and find our way in the world — someone will be able to write a hellva dissertation on the all the cognitive Tom fuckery that was needed to cow the entire GOP, politicians and rank and vile alike, into submission, the groupthink, cognitive dissonance, motivated reasoning, and what have you.
The image was found using a Creative Commons search. It was found on WikiCommons Media, File: Elephant's tea party, Robur Tea Room, Sydney, 24 March 1939 – Sam Hood (3529604677). It is from the State Library of New South Wales collection. It was taken from Flikr's The Commons, which has determined that no known copyright exits.
Categories: Cognitive Psychology
Tagged as: #MidnightMitch, Adam Schiff, Cognitive Dissonance, Cognitive Tom Fuckery, Fair Trial, Impeachment, Jay Sekulow, Kenneth Starr, Mitch McConnell, Pam Bondi, Pat Cipollone
MEME: Mooing at Nunes
The Great Civics Lesson: Yo! Yo! Yo! Voting Matters, Yo! — Updated
francese D Wilocox says:
I am laid soooo low that crawling out of bed now requires 20 minutes or more before my feet will listen to my head. Having said that…. it is a new day, and with any luck today will better………..well shit …….I'll just hope that …. However …..it could be worse… and it could be better…. I'll vote for BETTER ! ……..I am fat our dumbfounded that no one has put him out of his misery…..
Howdy Fran!
I'm sorry to hear that you have been laid low. I hope that you're getting better. The way the national news is going, it is enough to lay anyone low, though. I'm feeling more and more like my grandmother who lived in the Appalachian Mtns of Tennessee: we can only pray that this time next year, Trump won't be in office and a new president will have been sworn in.
We're off school for two weeks for Chinese New Year (that's this Friday and it's the year of the rat!), so I've been able to spruce up the blog. I'm feeling particularly productive.
Happy Year of the RAT! Seems apropos, don't it?
Calico Jack – Unprepared? Why bother?
Trump would, I think, instantly fire any lawyer in his employ who gave a clear sign of taking the charges or the process seriously enough to try to construct a real defense (or, find one where it doesn't exist). After all he has spoken the only "truth" they need to know, that it is all a cruel hoax by jealous little people.
I think that at this point the task of the prosecution is twofold. They have to try to convince at least four GOP Senators that they would really like to hear from some witnesses and read some documents (even if they still think they are bound to vote to acquit), and, if at all possible thereby, extend the trial to at least one day past the State Of The Union speech so that Trump mounts that podium with the verdict just a little uncertain. Although, if he is acquitted before the speech, his triumphal gloating and sense of invulnerability to say and propose anything that enters his mind (like prosecuting the impeachers for treason, which he would love to do) will be on full display for all to see.
Howdy Bob!
The more I think about it, the more I cannot understand why any self-respecting lawyer would take the biggest case of their lives tried in the most visible venue ever, and just mail it in. Then again, most of these lawyers have no self-respect. I mean most of them have been shown up to be amoral incompetent grasping grifters. Pam Bondi? Really?
Trump will be acquitted, but it won't end well for him. The GOP is being so obvious about their complete disregard for anything even remotely resembling a fair trial that many in the electorate are now very motivated to vote in November. My call your senators post has been getting a lot of traffic and clicks on the links. I've been getting feedback on Twitter that senator voicemail boxes are full. I've seen a few news reports that senators are being inundated with calls.
I think it doesn't end well for Trump, the GOP, or the US, really. But, at least, it will be over, and we can start to rebuild.
Having been rebuilt in the very image of Trump, the GOP has adopted the stance of openly no giving a dam about appearing fair or un-corrupt. No, they have decided, like their leader, to fly their pirate flag proudly.
Part of the reason for the resistance to bringing in more witnesses and evidence is that being seen to hear and read the mass of evidence and still acquit would make their status a co-conspirators too overwhelmingly obvious.


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Kigoda Consulting
We provide succinct insight on industry news and regulatory developments
ESG implications of South Africa's 2019 Election: what's next?
South Africa's 2019 election result, which saw the ANC win 57.5% of the total votes, is largely positive for investors. The picture would probably have looked very different had Cyril Ramaphosa not managed to narrowly secure the ANC presidency in December 2017, and replaced Jacob Zuma as president in early 2018. While ANC's electoral support cannot be explained by any single factor, Ramphosa's popularity, particularly among constituencies that were deserting the party under Zuma, appears to have played a major role in convincing voters to give the ANC another chance. Ramaphosa's promises to address corruption, unemployment, inequality and policy uncertainty have resonated, especially amid voter scepticism of what opposition parties offer, despite the fact that he will still face considerable opposition from within the ANC to his proposed reforms.
From an environmental, social and governance (ESG) perspective, South Africa faces numerous challenges. Here are a few of the ESG areas we will be monitoring in the weeks and months following the election.
While the ANC and DA election manifestos were clear in their support for investment in offshore oil and gas exploration and, in the DA's case, for fracking, the election campaign and party manifestos barely touched on environmental issues, particularly climate change. This is despite the draft National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy, which was published for public comment on 6 May 2019, reporting that "There is evidence that extreme weather events in South Africa are increasing, with heat wave conditions found to be more likely, dry spell durations lengthening slightly and rainfall intensity increasing" and that "climate zones across the country are already shifting, ecosystems and landscapes are being degraded, veld fires are becoming more frequent, and overused natural terrestrial and marine systems are under stress."
As Ramaphosa's drive to attract R100bn of foreign direct investment over the next five years gets back into swing after the election, investors will need to remain aware of potential environmental risks as there is little indication, apart from the long-awaited introduction of the Carbon Tax on 1 June 2019, that these issues will see greater attention that under previous administrations. Meanwhile, civil society will fill the accountability vacuum as demonstrated by recent appeals against a water transfer project, that will supply water to a number of existing and new coal mining and power projects in the water-scarce Waterberg region; and litigation against government's plan to double the amount of sulphur dioxide (SO2) companies are allowed to emit.
The updated and finalised Integrated Resource Plan for Electricity (IRP2019) is one of several policy decisions being keenly awaited by investors. Despite the Department of Energy (DOE) and Minister of Energy Radebe repeatedly stating that the IRP would be finalised by March 2019, this did not happen. The IRP has now been tabled at the National Economic Development and Labour Council (Nedlac) for consideration. Once the Nedlac process is concluded, the IRP will be sent to cabinet which could make further policy adjustments before the IRP is finally gazetted.
The latest IRP draft proposes an energy mix that includes 48% coal, 9% gas (or diesel), and 28% renewable energy in 2030. This is a significant adjustment from the 2018 proposed mix of 72% coal and 7% renewable energy. However, delays to finalising the IRP will affect the timing of the respective procurement programmes. The renewable energy sector, for example, is waiting for Bid Window 5 of the Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Procurement Programme (REIPPPP) to open. In previous bids, it has generally taken around 18 months from the time the RFP was issued until financial close. With Eskom's operations deteriorating and problems at its new 4,800MW power stations, new capacity is seen to be increasingly urgent, and frustration is building at delays.
However, the IRP and the government's plan to unbundle Eskom into separate companies for generation, transmission and distribution are likely to come under considerable pressure from unions and those with vested interests, particularly in coal mining. Unless the social consequences of the transition are addressed, investors can expect ongoing uncertainty over energy policy, with associated operational risks resulting from unreliable power supply.
One of Ramaphosa's greatest challenges will be to address governance issues, within government and state-owned companies. As revealed repeatedly during testimony at the Commission of Inquiry into State Capture, led by Deputy Chief Justice Raymond Zondo, corruption and patronage thrived during Zuma's tenure. The way in which Ramaphosa's government and the prosecuting authority deal with the commission's finding will be important in rebuilding investor confidence.
Ramaphosa will also need to fulfil promises not to appoint those involved in state capture to cabinet, and take further steps to steps to restore good governance at state-owned companies if he is to meet investor expectations. While at some state-owned companies, such as Eskom and SAA, credible (if not effective) changes have been made to the boards and executive, many others, like those under the Central Energy Fund (CEF) are operating under a conveyer belt of acting directors. The Mpati commission of inquiry into allegations of impropriety at the PIC, which is due to submit its final report at the end of July 2019, will also present Ramaphosa with an opportunity to address governance failures at a key institution.
While these reforms will start to reverse the decline in governance standards under Zuma, it is expected that Ramaphosa will also need to overcome significant opposition including from compromised factions within the ANC, which still have a strong influence within the ANC's National Executive Committee. To tackle difficult issues such as unbundling Eskom, Ramaphosa will need to make concessions and balance divergent interests. This is likely to mean that progress will be more haphazard than the current optimistic reaction to the election result suggests.
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Luggage will be taken strait from the start of the day walk to the guesthouse where you will be staying in the Atlas Mountains, for the next days to the desert , you will have everything on the car which will go with you all the way.


As we begin a new year, the officers and Directors of our club wish you all the best for 2004. Our club had a great year in 2003 and we look forward to an even better 2004.
I would like to thank everyone who participated in our November auction. We raised a record $1,076.00. All proceeds go to the JHS German Student Exchange Program. It was great to see the students and parents participating and contributing along with our loyal club members.
At our January meeting we will have our annual wine and beer tasting party. We will also have the nomination and installation of our Board of Directors. Please plan on attending. This year make an effort to invite a friend to a meeting. Also consider getting your children or grandchildren involved. We always welcome guests and new members.
The Jasper Deutscher Verein held its annual fundraising auction benefiting the Jasper High School German Student Exchange Program at Veterans of Foreign Wars Post 673 on November 20 th . Over 100 members, guests, and JHS students were in attendance.
Rich and Rachel Vonderheide greeted guests as they arrived.
Dan Gutgsell, president of the Jasper Deutscher Verein, welcomed all present and opened the meeting with a prayer. Members, guests, and JHS students then enjoyed an appetizer and dessert buffet.
Mr. Gutgsell then reminded members of the Jasper Deutscher Verein (German Club) German Heritage Endowment of the Dubois County Community Foundation and encouraged all members to make year-end gifts to the Endowment, which provides funds to benefit German heritage projects.
German. The cost for the buffet and entertainment is $10.99 plus tax and beverage per person. Reservations may be made by calling 812-486-4900.
Bob Dilger, Vice President, announced that the annual German Club Christmas Party will be held at the Jasper Country Club on Thursday, December 11 th . Gathering time will be at 6:00pm with a meal of fried chicken and trimmings at 6:30pm. Entertainment by the Jasper High School Show Choir will be at 7:30pm. Cost is $10 per person and reservations must be made by December 4 by calling Rita Egler at 634-9068 or Bob Dilger at 482-9149.
The annual wine and beer contest will be on Thursday, January 15 th , at the Veterans of Foreign Wars Post #673. Members are encouraged to enter their homemade wines and beers in the judging contest.
Rita Egler, Treasurer, gave the financial report.
Dave Prechtel announced that the Guadalupe Center in Huntingburg will sponsor an International Coffee House on Saturday, March 20 th , at the Dale Parish Center. They are requesting club members provide German desserts or help with entertainment pertaining to Germany or donate items for a silent auction. Members may contact Dave Prechtel for additional information.
Matthias Hilger, president of the Jasper Partnership Commission, then presented a Jasper-Pfaffenweiler Sister City Sign to the Dubois County Museum. The sign was accepted by Lowell Glendening, Fred Hollinden, and Janet Kluemper, members of the Deutscher Verein and Sister Cities and board members of the Dubois County Museum.
JHS students in the JHS German Exchange Program attended the November meeting of the Deutscher Verein. Pictured are 1 st Row L - R: Ross Fleck, Liz Book, Andy Kohls; 2 nd Row L - R: Alex Stemle, Nathan Humbert, Jennifer Kunkel, Kristina Denton, Cassie Humphrey.
Students present from Jasper High School who are participating in the Exchange Program were recognized. Members and guests brought items to be auctioned with proceeds going to the Jasper High School German Exchange Program. Dan Hoffman was the auctioneer and he was assisted by the JHS students. The auction was very entertaining and successful with a record amount being raised for the Exchange Program.
Attendance prizes were won by Martina Eckert, Vic Knies, and Andy Kohls. Linda Wehr won the ½ pot attendance prize.
The remainder of the evening was spent socializing.
The Jasper Deutscher Verein held their Christmas Dinner and Program at the Jasper Country Club on December 11 th . Over 90 members and guests were in attendance.
Rich Vonderheide greeted members and guests as they arrived and Rachel Vonderheide provided Christmas music for those in attendance.
Dan Gutgsell, president of the Jasper Deutscher Verein, welcomed all present. Father John Boeglin and Father John Breidenbach led the group in prayer before the meal.
Bob Dilger, Vice President, announced that the annual German Club Wine and Beer Judging-Tasting will be held at the Veterans of Foreign Wars Post #673 on Thursday, January 15th. Members are encouraged to enter their homemade wines and beers in the judging contest. There will be more information in the club newsletter.
Rita Egler, Treasurer, is accepting payment for 2004 club dues. Single membership is $5 and couple membership is $10. Dues may be sent to Jasper Deutscher Verein, Attn: Rita Egler, P. O. Box 15, Jasper, IN 47547-0015.
Members of the Jasper High School Choral - Performing Arts Department under the direction of Stephanie Burns entertained all present with Christmas music and recitations.
Attendance prizes were won by Bonnie Sergesketter, Cletus Hopf, Rich Meyer, Edward Wening, Bernie Weidenbenner, Sydney Bachman, Rita Egler, Ken Heim, Jonathan Dilger and Monica Jahn. Father John Boeglin won the ½ pot attendance prize.
The club will provide cheese, beer and soft drinks. Linus Lechner will also be making some of his bean soup. Come prepared to have a couple of bowls!
Members will be allowed one entry in each category and certificates will be awarded for 1 st , 2 nd and 3 rd place in the grape wine category and 1 st and 2 nd place in the non-grape / other wine and beer categories.
While the judges determine the winners in each category, the audience will hear a presentation by Ron Flick on the Eckert Mill. As an active member of ROJAC and professional architect, Ron has learned extensively about its history and the current plans to rebuild this Mill.
Come prepared for a fascinating and fun evening!
President Bob Verkamp conducted the German Club meeting on Thursday, May 14, at the Schnitzelbank Restaurant in Jasper.
Jutta Eisenring of Stauffen, Germany, who has spent this school year in Jasper, spoke to the club members about her year in America. She spoke mainly about the differences between German and American schools and in the ways of life. Matt Hilger, also from Germany and who will be working in Jasper for the next 18 months, was introduced.
Ron Kieffner reported that this year's Strassenfest will have a definite German flair with some high energy entertainment scheduled throughout the weekend.
The Jasper-Pfaffenweiler Sister City signs will be erected along the highways leading in Jasper. The signs will be up before the 1987 Strassenfest.
Ruth and John Wibbels will be in charge of the annual family picnic, which will be held on September 19 at the 4-H fairgrounds. Mr. and Mrs. Bernie Vogler and Mrs. and Mrs. Ed Zoglman will be in charge of the German dance which will be held on April 16, 1988 at the Holiday Inn in Jasper.
The souvenir committee reported that it will have plates, trivets, and pins available for tourists in the very near future. Items will be sold in the various gifts shops in Jasper.
Claude Eckert is arranging transportation of the Pfaffenweiler guests and said that they will be arriving in Jasper on July 28 th .
The rest of the lights for the murals on the east side of the Gamble building will be completed in time for the Strassenfest, according to Danny Wehr. Work is being done by E & K Electric Co.
Judy Bennet has drawn the plans for changing the looks of the Strassenfest stand. Jim Corn will help in the construction.
It was announced that Dan Hoffman and Chuck Burk will take charge of this year's German Strassenfest float.
Bob Verkamp presented slides of Alaska. There will be no German Club meeting in June, July, or August.
The Deutscher Verein applied for a grant through the general grant making process and was granted $300 to update and reorganize the website. We want to utilize the Internet to provide educational information about us and our partnership to the rest of the world. The grant has to be used before June 30th, 2004. Plans are on hand for actions to be taken.
Sister Cities of Jasper, Inc. also applied for a grant through the general grant making process and received a grant for $500 to help defray expenses of the JHS German Student Exchange Program.
Monies for these grants come through the unrestricted endowments of the Dubois County Community Foundation.
The Deutscher Verein and Sister Cities of Jasper, Inc. are grateful to the DCCF for the monies received to further their projects.
The Jasper Deutscher Verein (German Club) German Heritage Endowment was eligible to grant out $100 and that money was put back into the Income portion of the Endowment for future projects.
Remember, the Jasper Deutscher Verein (German Club) German Heritage Endowment is an excellent way to honor or remember someone special. And will also benefit future German Heritage projects.
A group meets one half hour prior to the regular meeting to review conversational German skills.


A 66-year-old man found a new way to honor those who lose their lives fighting for our country.
Gary Marquardt from Minnesota who is now almost 70, "started playing the trumpet after attending a military funeral, where he heard Taps played on a recording instead of live," according to Liftable.
Feeling that a simple recording of the military song to commemorate fallen soldiers did not do justice for the funeral, Marquardt decided to help make sure these heroes got the funeral they deserved. Marquardt walks around a local cemetery every day looking for headstones with a flag so he can honor the soldiers.
"I love to hear Taps echo through the cemetery. I'm doing something for these guys. It's kind of like being among friends," he said in an interview with KARE 11. The news source that Marquardt visits the cemetery every day to pay homage to military men and women who lost their lives.
Marquardt says the soldiers name, plays Taps, and leaves a penny on the headstone. The penny is meant to be a "symbol of the pittance of his service compared to theirs." He also volunteers with Bugles Across America around 100 times a year to play Taps at military funerals.
"I don't play perfect every time – I really try to, but I'm there representing all of us and it comes from the heart," he said.


When you really boil it down, it all comes down to trust.
Enough to let Him organize my day? Do I trust Him to give me that half-hour with that friend if it's really part of His plan for me, His plan for her?
Do I trust Him enough to let go of that idea for that blog post I was going to write, when the baby has an extra blow-out and won't go down for her nap, and it eats up the 20 scant minutes I was going to use to catch the idea on paper? Do I trust Him that if it's really important in His list of what He wants me to say, He will bring it back to my mind and open up the time to write it down?
What is it for you? What's that thing sitting desperately on your want-to-do list, that thing you think will refresh your heart, revive your soul, make you feel better? Saner. Calmer.
For me, it's clean counter-tops. Connecting with a friend. Writing down my thoughts. Drinking in the Word. Devouring a great book. Having a nap.
Idol is an ugly word. But I can feel its truth in my heart. The fact of the matter is that Jesus really does own all 24 hours of my time, every day. So shouldn't it actually be up to Him how I spend it? Who really sets my priorities, Him or me? What does it actually mean in real life to have Someone Else as LORD over my life?
The book I'm longing to finish. The baking I want to do for my neighbors. The writing, or emails, or dishes, or craft or… you name it, when I am holding more tightly to that thing than to Jesus, it's an idol. And once I see it for what it is, I'm finally able to open my hands and let it go, as if it burned me.
Instead of exploding, I can take a deep breath. Let it out again, slow. I can remember that Jesus is the One ordering my day, and that I. can. trust. Him. If it's on His agenda, it will get done. If not, does it really matter? Really. I mean, Who's actually the wiser one, here? Who's priorities will always be Kingdom-oriented? Eternal? Don't I want that, anyway?
In that moment, if I make the choice to trust instead of explode, the panic loosens its squeeze around my heart. I can unclench my fists, and open my arms to my tumbling, squabbling boys with a smile and a welcome in my heart.
Here's the thing: I do not want to look back in 10 years, when my kids are 15, 13, and 10, and think, I missed it.
That I was so busy squeezing this in here and that in there, ekeing out a half-hour for this and 10 minutes for that, wildly resenting any unexpected interruptions, that I missed the moments. The precious, irreplaceable moments with my kids that I can never live again.
and receive Yours for me instead.
You'll make the time for me to do it.
And if it's not of You, it's not worth doing anyway.
as a gift. From You. For me.
help me cup my hands around it and enter in with joy.
Have you ever been giving advice to somebody, and as it's coming out of your mouth you realize you need to take your own advice?
I've been feeling really tired and discouraged. Lack of routine, coping for almost five months on broken sleep, clusters of things swirling around in my head that I want to do, be: memorize Scripture. Exercise regularly. Drink more water. Read a verse with the boys in the mornings. Be more patient. Serve my husband better… the list goes on.
I just plugged in to the ScriptureTyper community a couple days ago, and yesterday, I quietly posted my first prayer request, timidly stepping out into this new community.
Thirteen people I've never met. Thirteen hearts are graciously lifting up my quest for routine, my sleep depravation, my walk with God. Thank you so much.
During my naptime yesterday, I couldn't put this down. I checked email (bad idea at naptime), and my Dad had sent this pre-Easter link. I was supposed to be sleeping, but I just couldn't stop scrolling. The words held me all the way to the very end, scrolling down through pure Truth. It was like my soul took in great draughts of fresh, clean air. By the end, Jesus was pulsing in front of me in all His glory.
I got up with my heart full of Jesus. (Probably more refreshed than if I'd slept!) I made a cup of tea, went out in the hall to let housekeeping know we were up from our naps.
Now, not all of the Thai cleaning ladies in our hotel can speak English, but yesterday the lady on duty could speak more than most. As she came into our room to make up our bed, I was sitting down changing Ruby on the floor. She smiled at Ruby, so while she was plumping the pillows and changing the sheets, I asked her if she had any children of her own. Just making conversation.
"Fifteen," she said, glancing over at me as she snapped the sheets into place.
She doesn't know where her baby's father is. She raised him all by herself.
The thought flits through my mind: How. blessed. I. am.
I ask if her son lives with her. She says no, he lives with her mother in North Thailand. She only sees him for his two-month summer break every year. Her son can't live with her. She only sees him two months out of twelve. She has to stay in the big city to earn a wage that's enough to support all three of them: herself, her son and her mother. So she works and lives alone, and sends money home so her son can eat and go to school.
"I worry because... my son no speak English." English is the ticket to a good future. She makes a wry face. "He have many girls talk to him." She laughs, shrugs her shoulders, but there's a tinge of frustration. Helplessness. She's not there to do anything about it.
I nod. Listen. Ask simple questions. I fight the urge to offer platitudes, try to fix her life. I can't fix anything. I can just be here with her, sitting on the floor with my baby, while she makes the bed. I'm feeling a little helpless myself.
She coos at Ruby, makes her smile. "Your baby very cute." She's not bitter at me for having three children. For having a loving husband. For being from a country where life is relatively easy. My heart is breaking for her, but she's resigned. This is her life. It's just the way it is.
I go into the other room, ask James whether I should tip her. I'm longing to help her in some tiny way. He agrees, and I pray, bide my time, wait until she's done mopping the floor, pick my moment. I pray again. Lord, give me Your words.
I follow her to the door. I make eye contact, ask her name, avoiding a glance at her name tag. I'm asking her as a person. As a woman.
"Hom," she says. Home, without an 'e'.
I look her in the eye and slip a small bill into her apron pocket. "Khap-kun-kaa," I say, "thank you." And then, I go on, my words tumbling over each other.
"You know," I say, "I want to tell you something." I hold her eyes, bravely. "God sees you. And He loves you. He loves you." I try to hug her with my eyes. Something wobbles behind hers.
"And when you feel… weak," I drop my arms limply by my side, charades, "He is strong, for you." I make muscles, laugh. Still holding her eyes with mine. I want her to know, really know.
"Do you… have you ever read - the Bible?" I'm hesitating. Unsure of her English level, unsure of myself, out on a limb.
"We believe Buddha," she says simply. "We good people." How can I argue with that. I can simply offer what I know.
Just then, another foreigner walks by in the hall, en route to his room. I'm suddenly acutely aware of my non-PC-ness. Standing in the doorway sharing the gospel. Who really does that? And how shallow am I that I can be suddenly flooded with shame over offering this Most Glorious Gift to this needy heart?
She's meant to be cleaning his room… she blushes, thanks me, nods, bows, smiles again apologetically… I ask her quickly if she'll be cleaning our room again next week, and she says she switched shifts with someone just for today. Just today.
I smile at her, say goodbye, close the door quietly. Let my breath out. Thank God for Hom.
Lord, bless Hom. Water Your seeds. Make them take root in her heart. Forgive me for being ashamed of you in front of that foreigner… maybe he needs You too.
Gungor's music accompanies my beating heart, and I realize: I've been needing to take my own advice. Come to Me, and I will give you rest.
When I get back from exercising, the boys have finished breakfast. I dole out vitamins, flip the kitchen verse calendar I dug out of the suitcase last week to the page for today. My heart skips a beat.
A promise for Hom. And me.
I woke up from my nap, checked for this Friday's prompt while we're still in Thailand with fast internet, waiting to go back to our current "home"... and the prompt was this word. This cryptic, loaded, elusive word. Home. Home is a word that encompasses familiar, that wraps you around like a blanket, that hugs your heart.
Home is where the heart is. And in this life of sojourning (whether, like us, you travel continents and live out of suitcases, or whether you've lived your whole life in one house - you are still a sojourner, you know. We all are...) it's important to know where Home is.
For me, Home is Heaven. Home is Jesus. "Home" on this earth is where all the members of my new immediate family: my husband, my two sons, and my gorgeous baby daughter: are gathered in one place. "Home" for me used to be where my parents live, but not any longer... and that's as it should be. I'm creating a new "home", for my new family. My children will say "home" is where we are - Mom and Dad - and that's as it should be. But my Home? My true Home?
Is just simply nowhere in this world. With every year that passes, and every airplane flight we take, the world gets smaller. And feels less and less like it fits around me. Maybe when I'm 80, I'll just be so loose in my body that I'll just simply slip it off and float away... Home.
And that's when I'll see Him face to face for the first time, and my heart will know... Home is where my heart is, and my heart has been with Him since I was 6 years old. He is my Home. Every sojourning heart needs His Home-ness to truly feel like you belong. He's calling you Home today.
No, I feel dry and helpless.
Someone else has my baby, my boys are parked in front of the TV, I've just packed up our bags for the umpteenth time, and my heart feels so dry. I felt like I just couldn't do one more thing (pack lunches, pack dinners, do something creative with the boys) until I wrote down some of how I'm feeling.
I'm dying to be a good Mom. I'm dying to not have "stress spikes" that make everyone else in my family miserable. I'm dying to memorize Ann's Romans passages, to start exercising again. My heart feels thin and my tummy feels fat and flabby.
I feel like I have to put my life on hold, to live my life. Like, in order to obediently complete the life God has asked me to live, I have to put all the things I long to do on hold. I know in my heart that's not really true, but today, as we contemplate getting on yet another plane, with 11 more days, and then an international journey, 2 more weeks of yet another country, and a grueling all-nighter to get back to our house - which will probably be filled with cobwebs and freezing cold… as I look at that, my heart sinks within me. I quail. I can't do this! I don't want to live this day, this life! How can this possibly be good for us?
What about the healthy rhythms? How in the world do I maintain those, when my baby is still waking up 2-3 times every night, and I despair of going to sleep because I know I will not feel any more refreshed or rested in the morning. I lie there with eyes open, aching, frustrated.
I feel like I have to wait to start exercising again, memorizing Scripture, creating music, cooking creatively, until we get back to our "settled" life. But that's another whole month away, and we've already been 5 months in transition. When I think those thoughts I feel like screaming.
So what's really going on here? What's pushing me? Ann's beautiful blog, maybe? Ok, well, what do I see when I read her blog? Health. Contentment. Peace. Fulfillment. Rest. Intentionality. Creativity. Beauty. All the things I long for and desire. All the things I'm craving this morning, none of which I feel is true of me right now. My socks don't match my shirt. My muffin-top tummy sticks out over my pants. My hair is frizzy, boring, pulled half up, exactly the way it always is. My face is unmade-up and blotchy with tear stains. I'm sitting on the floor in the guest room with our borrowed bedding piled next to me, our borrowed bed behind me, the carpet still dented with the wheels of our suitcases.
Sometimes this life just doesn't make sense.
I do not feel like that is true today. I feel like despair came with this morning.
But the reality is: It IS true. Those words ARE true, whether I feel like they are or not.
I will give thanks to you forever!
In order that my glory may sing praise and not be silent (oh, how I feel like being silent!), I need to give thanks.
Thank You that my baby girl has almost doubled her birth weight in four months and is plump and happy, unlike the starving babies I read about this morning in Christianity Today.
Thank You that my boys are happy, healthy and learning how to be holy, despite all my weaknesses and failings.
or what lies in front of me to do.
but also, full of joy. Freshness. A new daughter to love. Waking up to her each morning feels like Christmas every day - the opposite of ordinary. My two little boys, precious, unique - ordinary in their underpants and buzz cuts, getting dressed every morning and changed into jammies every evening... they're both big brothers now, and that feels anything but ordinary.
What exactly is ordinary? Mundane? Does it mean "the things we do every day"? Lately, we go down to a buffet breakfast every morning at our hotel here in Bangkok, and that's starting to feel ordinary because we've been here so long, but a buffet breakfast in Bangkok is anything but ordinary in most people's lives! I think for me the ordinary is becoming precious, because I miss the little mundane details of our life in Central Asia (finally!)... never thought I'd say that after we left 6 months ago and I couldn't wait to leave, to have a break, to be taken care of... but the day has finally arrived.


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Q: How to use eval function in python correctly? I'm new to coding, stuck with a normal issue but can't get it:
a=list(input("enter some values"))
b=eval(input("enter some values"))
print (a)
print (b)
c=eval(4+3)
print(c)

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:/Users/ABC/Desktop/adadad.py", line 5, in <module>
    c=eval(4+3)
TypeError: eval() arg 1 must be a string, bytes or code object

What's causing the error and how do I correct it?

A: the expression given in the eval function should in form of a string.
Like this eval("4+3"). Also keep in mind that eval function takes only one arguments(here on string)

A: 4+3 yields an int object ("integer"; a number). Then you're sending that into eval(), which does not accept ints; only strings (text), bytes (binary data), or code objects (functions or lambdas).
So that's what's causing your error.
To fix it, you could do two things: c = eval("4+3") or c = 4+3. You should choose the latter. Let me explain why:
eval() takes some text, parses it as code, and executes it. This can sometimes be useful for running "dynamic" code, that is code that for whatever reason couldn't be part of your original program (e.g. user input). It is generally discouraged, because it's not safe for uncontrolled inputs.
Just writing c = 4+3 directly is simpler, safer, and faster.
You should also remove the eval() around your input() call at the top. In fact, try entering print(a) or raise Exception() when the second "enter some values" prompt appears, and you'll see what I mean.

A: Here, the 3+4 is evaluated at compile-time (converting python code to byte codes) and replaced by 7. Here's the byte code of this piece of code eval(3+4):
  1           0 LOAD_NAME                0 (eval)
              2 LOAD_CONST               0 (7)
              4 CALL_FUNCTION            1
              6 POP_TOP
              8 LOAD_CONST               1 (None)
             10 RETURN_VALUE

So you're executing eval(7) which does not make sense. You can give the expression as a string to the eval to make it work.
>>> eval("3+4")
7

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Albanian crisis: after the storm
Agreement reached, Albania will vote on June 25th 06/06/2017
Albania: new government, old drill 05/09/2017
Albania, the justice reform 04/08/2016
Clueless and ranting: the press according to Edi Rama 09/11/2017
To vote or not to vote in the Rama era? 10/07/2017
Tirana - zkorb/flickr
After the violent riots on January 21st, fear reigns in the streets of Tirana. Many fear a new 1997 and the return to a past that seemed gone. Meanwhile, premier Berisha and Edi Rama, leader of the main opposition party, do not seem intent upon negotiating a solution to the crisis. An article by our correspondent
26/01/2011 - Marjola Rukaj	Tirana
Tirana is silent. Citizens try to carry on with their daily lives as before, but can hardly mask the shock and the fear. When the sun goes down, the city is deserted – all that is left of its famous night life are a few pubs and cafés where small groups of men talk quietly, with dark glances and lowered heads. Everyone talks about the demonstrations of January 21st, the three dead people, the one still struggling between life and death, the 50 injured civilians and police, the political struggle that has become exasperated in the last few days, and the future – that no one can predict, but everyone hopes will not be a new '97. You only meet few people on the streets, but the stern looks of many policemen leave you with a sense of anxiety and you instinctively hasten your pace.
"I am appalled – says Eno, a student of the Academy of Arts – I was there, taking part in the demonstration, I knew it would be long and animated, but I would never have thought it would end in such violence and three deaths. I do not think I will go to the next, although in this country you would have reasons to take to the streets every day". A young man comes close, asks me the name of the newspaper I write for, and starts telling me about his experience. His name is Gledi, he is 23, and he studies film direction at the Marubi film school. "A friend of mine was injured, the bullet just missed his heart, it is a miracle he's alive. He had been demonstrating, because of course, after all that has happened, citizens ask for the resignation of a government that no longer represents them. At the end of the demonstration, when most people were gone, they fired and he was hit".
"Shame on them – says a 50-year-old lady – sacrificing citizens in order to keep power. It is exactly like in 1997". "I am extremely upset – says a young law student, Marsi – we were becoming a normal country. People my age, between 20 and 30, feel European. We have finally been included in the Schengen white list. We used to go around Europe and complain that in Brussels nobody knows us, that we are not the same as we were in the nineties, that we are much more European than the EU would think. But now, when we will meet people abroad, we will be asked about the situation in the country, if the war is still on, if we go to the disco...it is terrible".
The rhetoric of the day after
The game is not over – this is what emerges from the many press conferences of politicians on the Albanian TV. Reciprocal accusations and martyrisation of victims coming from both political sides. Opposition leader Edi Rama, of the socialist party, declares that nothing will stop him from reaching his goal: sending premier Berisha home and organising free, democratic elections. Rama's position is accompanied by less moderate statements such as those by his ally Spartak Ngjela, who asserted his determination to continue demonstrations aimed at Berisha's ousting will go, should it take "3, 3,000, or 13,000 deaths". Strong statements also on Berisha's side: "We will respect the law and the institutions. If Edi Rama acts like a bandit, he will be treated like one".
Berisha's party accuses Rama of provoking the police with violent demonstrations. Both now need to deal with the death of three people. Attorney general Ina Rama issued an order of arrest for 6 police officials considered responsible for the deaths. Yet, the police refused to comply and the attorney was publicly lynched by Sali Berisha and his party, that accused her of siding with Edi Rama's "coup". In fact, state guard officials will receive a bonus in the sum of one month's salary as a sign of gratitude by the premier, while the 17 injured officials will receive as many as four salaries.
As anticipated, the demonstration was not peaceful. Many filmed excerpts show demonstrators turning umbrellas and protest signs into primitive weapons to hit policemen, while others set fire to private cars and those belonging to TV stations close to Berisha. In turn, demonstrators denounce unjustifiable reactions by the police with many aggressions even to passers-by or in bars close to the main boulevard, and physical abuse of demonstrators. The events are too complex for the media alone to handle and premier Berisha has proposed the creation of a parliamentary committee to deal with the investigations.
In the meanwhile, he also announced the intention to organise a pacific counter-demonstration. Edi Rama replied by confirming his determination not to let go and invited citizens back to the streets on January 28th.
Tirana is back in the international spotlight and representatives of Western embassies are again perceived as unquestionable authorities able to solve the situation. "We need to ask the US State Department or the Congress to intervene", stated Sabri Godo, Albanian politician and historian. "Only foreigners can solve the crisis, as in '97", is the opinion of many passers-by in Tirana. But so far international representatives have remained neutral and limited themselves to invite parties – so far, unsuccessfully – to keep calm and negotiate possible solutions.
The Albania of citizens
There is a lot of fear among citizens. The violence of January 21st reminded Albanians that the country's political class has not changed much since 1997 – the sadly notorious period that it took so much effort to overcome. Three deaths, dozens of injured, and the ghost of a civil war is all it takes to distance oneself from all right- and left-wing politicians. On the one hand, Berisha – authoritarian, with a past of corruption and nepotism, and a serious, mismanaged economic crisis; on the other, Rama – a charismatic politician, but inconsistent, lacking viable alternatives, and seemingly willing to instigate violence in order to come to power. Civil society is not in any better shape and is currently absent from any political debate.
However, Albanians have changed since the nineties and try to deal with the gap in active democracy through the social networks. Since January 21st, while demonstrators clashed with the police, many Facebook groups of citizens against violence have formed. In the next days some of them are organising a peaceful demonstration open to all citizens of all political orientations. The demonstration should take place around the Pyramid (ex mausoleum of Hoxha) and will consist in symbolic embraces in the square, sending politicians a message of peace and tolerance. "We do not want another '97" and "I do not deserve this Albania, do you?" are some of the groups that promote a petition to ask for the resignation of both Berisha and Rama, considered equally responsible for the country's state of crisis, for the three deaths of January 21st, and for what could happen in the next days.


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Are Immigration Controls Racist? A Case Study of UK & European Asylum Law Essay
The Human Rights Act (HRA) 1998 does not provide a positive right for the non-citizen to remain, however it does provide that rights contained within the HRA may be breached by deportation to their state of origin. Nor does the HRA extend to other nation-states, however it does bind the UK to ensure these rights are available to all persons who enter the UK and if the UK does aim to deport an individual, it must take care that the future actions of the country of origin would not be a breach of any right contained within the HRA. In other words if there is a possible occurrence that a person may be treated in a way, in their country of origin, that would be classed as a breach of the HRA in the UK; this breach would be imputed back to the UK through its act of deportation, therefore causing a breach in the HRA. These persons are not technically asylum seekers as they are making a claim under the Geneva Convention, so for the purposes of this discussion they will be defined as asylum seekers. Persons who are looking for a safe place to enjoy their life and freedom and in some cases obtain their basic needs, e.g. food, water, education The HRA does not protect a right to basic necessities. This essay begins by focusing on founding human rights principles and the central question that will be discussed is; whether the legal framework of human rights, through the Human Rights Act 1998 (HRA) and the European Convention of Human Rights (ECHR), uphold the principles that these pieces of law were founded upon. This is a similar reaction in other European countries and the most prevalent are the Roma Gypsies and Eastern Europeans; the following discussion will consider this case study to show that immigration law can be, and has been, used to assert racist policies by classing them as economic migrants rather than asylum seekers, which means their financial status will exclude them and the persecution does not meet the standard posed by the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR).
Human Rights Theory:
Natural rights are the basis for the international human rights of today, however the theory of modern human rights is slightly different as it no longer purely concerns democratic government, but aims to ensure that gross human rights violations in the world as a whole will be held accountable and hopefully eliminated. Dworkin describes human rights as trumps (Ronald Dworkin, Taking Rights Seriously, pg. 92) that indicate a powerful set of principles individuals can rely on to protect them from abuses of these rights, yet his version is weak in the sense it was only a power over bureaucratic decisions not that of government and law. Donnelly also believes that these rights are to be supported as powerful instruments to protect the individual from abuses of a tyrannical government (J. Donnelly, The Concept of Human Rights, pp. 1-13).
Peter Jones in Rights contrasted the difference between natural and human rights (Peter Jones, Rights, pp. 72-92). The concept of natural rights is tied up in the idea where the citizens gave up to the governing body for the good of law and order and in return the governments protected and upheld within the law, e.g. Constitutions. Therefore the argument of natural rights has now become so diluted that it is no longer an effective model.
Human Rights as theory admits from the outset they are intangible and not from nature, therefore one cannot empirically observe or measure them, as Margaret MacDonald 9 Margaret MacDonald, Natural Rights, pg. 35-55) criticized the argument from nature. Human rights, as described by Jones, are prescribed by the fact of being human and part of humanity (Peter Jones, Rights, pg. 221-227). It picks up on the egalitarian theory of equality, whereby human beings are equal and therefore are afforded these basic rights. The arguments for these rights come from arguments, such as self-evidence, human worth and moral worth.
Also there is the crucial problem of non-citizens that the 20th century models try to reconcile. The 17th, 18th and 19th century models of rights were mainly concerning some sort of democratic government, where rights were a trade-off for governance. The modern models of rights are trying to extend to all persons, regardless of their origin. In modern theories there are different strands of this Kantian argument; however they are all based around a transcendental need for the autonomous nature of the individual to be free in society. There are arguments from necessity, e.g. the minimum rights and freedoms to ensure the autonomous being; yet again it seems to be just a new veneer of the Kantian ethic. This ethic was one of the most influential arguments for universal human rights, in response to Nazism, eugenics and ethnic cleansing, which can be illustrated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights with words such as inherent, inalienable and equality applied to rights and the basis of these rights are the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world.
Roma Gypsies A Case Study of Racism in European Immigration Law:
The Roma gypsies illustrate how human rights laws can be used to avoid responsibility for non-citizens. In Conka v Belgium (Conka v Belgium (2002) 34 EHRR 54) the facts of the case did not even resemble an Article 3 claim and the court found the severity of the treatment was not enough to argue ill-treatment and such a claim was manifestly ill-founded. The facts of this case was that the Conka family were repeatedly attacked and harassed by skinheads in their home country of Slovakia and the police refused to intervene, therefore they fled the country and claimed asylum in Belgium. The attacks on Mr. Conka were so severe that he had to be hospitalised; however such treatment of non-citizens in the home state was not enough to bring an Article 3 claim (ibid para O-113 pg. 25). The following study of the UK cases will discuss how severe the treatment of the applicants is; yet there is not even an Article 3 claim, therefore the applicants try to bring a claim of persecution, which is unique in Europe, to the UK; where persecution = serious harm (arguably for a Convention reason) + failure of the originating states protection. The Roma gypsy cases are all very similar and the courts themes also extend to similar Eastern European groups, so the cases of Kacaj (Klodina Kacaj v SSHD, (2002) WL 347090 (CA)), Canaj (Canaj v SSHD (2001) EWCA Civ 782) and Vallaj (Vallaj v Special Adjudicator (2001) EWCA Civ 782) will be discussed as they further illustrate the thinking of the UK courts.
Severity; Persecution; Protection; and Horvarth:
The leading case on severity and persecution is Horvarth v SSHD (Canaj v SSHD (2001) EWCA Civ 782), which is a House of Lords case. The facts of this case are that the applicant had successfully pleaded that he was in fear of persecution from skinheads in Slovakia but he had not proven that the authorities in Slovakia have not given effective protection, i.e. Slovakia has laws that protect Roma gypsies in the same manner as the rest of the populace. The case failed; the severity of the treatment was not questioned under Article 3. Therefore the question that was asked was what sort of harm needed to be present and to what extent the originating states authorities have to protect applicants before they have a successful claim in the UK. The threshold of severity proposed by some of the judges seemed to be that of non-citizen Article 3 standards, however, it would include random attacks on classes, whereas some of the judges proposed that a lesser severity would be allowable as long as the authorities were not providing sufficient and equal protection to that of the rest of the populace. This has been further illustrated in cases stemming from Horvarth.
In the case of Sona Banomova v SSHD (Sona Banomova v SSHD (2001) WL 542297 (CA)), which stems around a half-Roma gypsy whose family was subjected to a hate campaign. Their house had been invaded, the whole family tied up, and the father taken away and beaten by masked skinheads. The police were called, however, the family were threatened with death if they continued with the complaint. The father withdrew the complaint because of the threats; the police dropped the investigation without hesitation. In the application there was no question that the severity of ill-treatment would suffice for an Article 3 claim; therefore the application was based upon the Horvarth idea of persecution. In this case, persecution could not be claimed because, although the treatment by the skinheads could possibly cause serious harm, the originating state did provide a sufficient system of protection and did not have a lesser one for the Roma gypsies. Another element that cropped up, similar to other Roma gypsy cases, was because the attacks were random on all Roma gypsies and not just a threat to the particular family in question and the police have provided adequate protection for all Roma gypsies in these circumstances then there is no claim. In effect, the UK courts have avoided responsibility if there is a legal system where the authorities deal with persecution by third parties sufficiently. To narrow this down it was argued in the Horvarth case that the serious harm must be based around a Convention (Convention on the Status of Refugees 1951 Art 1A(2)) ground. This was a dissenting view where Lord Lloyd of Berwick (Horvarth v SSHD, Judgement 3 (2000) 3 AER 577) said persecution has nothing to do with state protection but the ordinary diction meaning where the severity and the means adopted which turns discrimination into persecution (Hine Lambert, The Conceptualisation of Persecution by the House of Lords: Horvarth v Secretary of State for the Home Department). This view took it to mean that one must show extreme severity in the treatment, and protection only came into it when questioning if sufficient protection was provided. The majority of the House of Lords looked at the formula as not two tiers but a symbiotic relationship (Hine Lambert, The Conceptualisation of Persecution by the House of Lords: Horvarth v Secretary of State for the Home Department), whereby the persecution is severe but the fear is further propounded by the fact that there is not sufficient state protection, although the Convention ground is still relevant, this can be seen in a more flexible manner. The whole situation is looked at, also taking more into the account that the laws of protection may be available equally to Roma gypsies but in effect may not be enforced by the authorities. Therefore they look at the merits of the case and determine whether there is a real risk/well-founded fear; which in effect illustrates that the majority view is trying to illustrate the essence of the human rights law behind protecting individuals from persecution. The Courts avoided the well-founded protection, as long as it was in the law and the authorities were willing to act then protection was sufficient, even if these actions were incompetent or inefficient. Later cases have taken the flexibility of the majority but have taken up the idea that the serious harm must be based on a Convention ground.
The Horvarth case has illustrated that the persecution the Roma gypsies suffer does not reach the grounds of Article 3 because it is inflicted on this class of people as a whole, is random and not individually based (although this should not be read as all cases), therefore restricting the Article 3 claims to a very high severity and threshold for non-citizens. Yet in relation to the idea of persecution as an asylum claim under the Refugee Convention, the House of Lords did turn in majority to read the essence of the Convention and not look at literal meanings, especially when dealing with a symbiotic relationship between protection and serious harm. The judgment was limiting on the area of protection; instead of focusing on the elimination of risk, the test of protection was that of sufficiency: i.e. laws protecting Roma gypsies [persecuted group] + state willing to protect = protection [effectiveness, incompetence are irrelevant factors]. This has posed a very difficult task for the individual from a state to argue non-protection, as most states in United States will have these laws and a system of protection but the efficiency is another question, e.g. the United States in the 1960s and the lynching of African Americans. In effect one has to argue that the UK courts have interpreted international human rights law but have found a loop-hole to avoid providing protection for non-citizens.
Kandrac (Re: Kandrac (QBD), (2000) CO/1138/2000 Transcript: Smith Bernal) illustrates this point as this was a Czech case where the applicant was stabbed in the stomach by skinheads, his children were beaten up by skinheads and he was unable to gain employment due his Roma origins. The UK courts found that the abuse definitely equalled serious harm and persecution, again there was no Article 3 claim because of the general nature of random attacks and inability to meet the high threshold set in Vilvarajah. The problem with this case was the idea of protection. The applicant did go to the police for protection, however they were positively abusive therefore he had no confidence in them and could not ask them for further assistance. In this scenario one would almost think that no protection was being afforded to the applicant, because of the biased attitudes of the police. The UK courts did not come to this conclusion and Ouseley J 9 ibid. Judgement 1 paragraph 4) pointed out that there was a legal system in the Czech Republic that is enforced in respect to Roma gypsies, therefore the persecution has protection in the originating state and therefore there was no asylum claim. In effect, although Horvarth set forth at looking at the essence of the idea of persecution and protection in the Refugee Convention, the cases following this did not have a different outcome from that of earlier cases.
Floranowicz (Floranowicz v SSHD (CA Civil Division) Transcript Smith Bernal (29/1/98)) is a case where skinheads and the police persecuted the applicant because of his Roma gypsy origins. The case failed because the UK courts saw that the country afforded the level of protection that was necessary; especially in light of the citizens ombudsman who had been set up to deal with complaints of abusive authorities. Also in the case of Stercyl (R v SSHD ex parte Stercyl (QBD), CO/0842/99 Transcript Smith Bernal) where the claim was on a two-tier basis; the fact he lost his job because his wife was a Roma Gypsy; and the wide level persecution of Roma gypsies. The persecution was dismissed on the grounds that the Czech Republic provides an adequate level of protection; also the dismissal from his job was dealt with in the same manner, because there is also adequate level of protection in the Czech Republic. The claim was based around the inability to get a job, which leads to the question of economic migrants and the UKs unwillingness to treat them as genuine refugees. Although no specific mention of economic migrants in these cases has been made, this idea will be briefly discussed later in the chapter.
Horvarth: Application Beyond Roma Gypsy Cases:
Horvarth has been applied in later cases outside of Roma gypsies, especially when dealing with Eastern Europeans because the facts are similar. The cases for Canaj and Vallaj illustrate the case of two Kosovar Albanians who no longer have protection needs because persecution of certain groups is no longer a threat as the conflict is over and the country provides the necessary protection for these groups. In effect, as sufficient protection was available for the two individuals, no refugee status was granted, which shows that persons who are given leave to remain do not get the same protection as those with refugee status and if circumstances in the level of protection change to make it sufficient then deportation will occur. This means these persons could still be at risk of persecution, i.e. the risk is not eliminated but the UK courts see a level of protection in the law, although this may not be practically carried through. The Horvarth case has theoretically introduced flexibility and the essence of International Human Rights. In fact it has done it in such a way that the cases are still determined in the same way and the persons deported are at risk, which seems to illustrate that the UK courts have used Human Rights laws to avoid protecting non-citizens. The case of Kacaj introduces some interesting insights to Horvarth being applied to Article 3 cases: it was suggested that the idea of protection could be argued against Article 3 claims. Therefore if the state provides protection against third-parties, even if the treatment satisfies the severity of Article 3 thresholds, then the person does not have a successful claim. The Immigration Appeal Tribunal (IAT) upheld this idea; it was then taken to the Court of Appeal and the Court quashed the tribunals decision but not on the grounds of the applicability of Horvarth but the IAT had not shown that risk of ill-treatment was definitely not present. This means that Horvarth could be used to restrict Article 3 claims when it comes to non-state actors and then cause Article 3 to lose its absolute quality; yet as the House of Lords decision indicated, it is the essence of the conventions that needs to be upheld. Using Horvarth this way might go against the essence of the ECHR.
Economic Migrants:
It was touched upon earlier that a lot of the Roma gypsy cases and other Eastern European cases have the theme of being unable to gain employment, through persecution. Claims such as this will be classed as economic migrants and the resistance of the UK to see these persons as in need of protection is great. This leads one back to think about fundamental human rights, which are based on arguments such as dignity, justice From basic principles it could be argued that economic and social rights may be fundamental human rights also. Is it right that a person who cannot get a job because of their ethnic origin is not described as being persecuted just because he/she does not bear physical scars of beatings? This is really an area that needs to be explored in the next chapter, however it is important to bring it up in this context as many cases concerning Romas centre around economic persecution, e.g. Conka v Belgium… This illustrates the democratic liberalist societys reluctance to see economic and social rights as fundamental human rights.
The Roma gypsy cases illustrate how the UK and European courts interpret conventions and human rights so strictly that they avoid responsibility for non-citizens. The facts of some of the cases are horrendous and in the cases considered disproved, but instead of protecting the individuals the UK courts say that it is the originating states duty to protect and if the state has the machinery to protect the persecuted group then the UKs responsibility is nullified. It was not considered whether the originating states machinery of protection was effective and whether the authorities had any real interest to protect these persecuted groups, or whether in fact the reality was that the authorities are biased against them. In truth, the essence of the Refugee Convention, one would like to argue, is that these persons should be protected outside of their originating state because claims of persecution indicate that the state is not providing sufficient protection and persons should not be returned until the risk is eliminated; as well as the use of immigration law to exclude a set of individuals which has been traditionally prejudiced against. In other words, immigration law does not follow the equality of human rights theory, rather it uses the rights to exclude certain groups through the law (delete,) when there is racist reasoning behind the legislation.
Anthias, 1992, Radicalised Boundaries: Race, Nation, Gender, Color and Class the Anti-Racist Struggle, Routledge
Upendra Baxi, The Future of Human Rights, (Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2002)
BBC News, UK Asylum System degrading UK Politics 14th May 1999 http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/368754.stm
Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France, (Hackett, Indianapolis, 1987) ed. J.G.A. Pocock
Edmund Cahn, The Sense of Injustice, An Anthropological View of the Law, (NY University Press, NY, 1949)
J. Donnelly, The Concept of Human Rights, 1985 International Organization 40(3) 599-642
Ronald Dworkin, Taking Rights Seriously, (Duckworth, London, 1978)
T. Evans, The Politics of Human Rights, (Pluto Press, London. 2001)
Michael Freeman, Human Rights: An Interdisciplinary Approach, (Polity Press, Cambridge, 2002)
C.J. Harvey, Gender, Refugee Law and the Politics of Interpretation, IJRL 2000 12(680)
Hayter, 2000, The Case Against Immigration Controls, Pluto Press
Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan, Of the First and Second Natural Laws, and of Contracts excerpts from Ed. Joseph Losco & Leonard Williams, Political Theory: Classical Writings, Contemporary Views, (St. Martins Press, New York, 1992)
Home Secretary's review: Counter-Terrorism Powers: Reconciling Security and Liberty in an Open Society February 2004, Cm 6147,
Human Rights Watch can be found at: www.hrw.org
Hussian, 2001, British Immigration Under the Conservative Government, Ashgate
International Journal of Refugee Law: Cases and Comments Horvarth v Secretary of State for the Home Department House of Lords 2000 IJRL 2001 13(174)
Michael Ignatieff, Human Rights: As Politics and Idolatry, (Princeton University Press, New Jersey, 2001)
IND, 2004, Asylum Fact Sheet May 2004
Peter Jones, Rights: Issues in Political Theory, (Palgrave, Basingstoke, 1994)
Ed. Jeffrey Jowell & Jonathan Cooper, Understanding Human Rights Principles, (Hart Publishing, Oregon, 2001)
Hine Lambert, The Conceptualisation of Persecution by the House of Lords: Horvarth v Secretary of State for the Home Department IJLR 2001 13(16)
Immanuel Kant, Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals in H. Paton(ed.) The Moral Law (Hutchinson, London, 1948)
John Locke, The Second Treatise of Government , excerpts from Ed. Joseph Losco & Leonard Williams, Political Theory: Classical Writings, Contemporary Views, (St. Martins Press, New York, 1992)
Ed. Joseph Losco & Leonard Williams, Political Theory: Classical Writings, Contemporary Views, (St. Martins Press, New York, 1992)
Margaret MacDonald, Natural Rights, in P. Laslett (ed.) Philosophy, Politics and Society, (Basil Blackwell, Oxford, 1963)
M.S. McDougal, H.D Lasswell & L.C. Chen, Human Rights and World Public Order (Yale University Press, New Haven Conn., 1980)
A. Mowbray, 2001, Cases and Materials on the European Convention on Human Rights, London, Butterworths
Andreas Pretzell & Dr. Constantin Hruschka, In Search of a Universal Definition of Human Rights in the Context of the Dublin Convention, IANL 2002 16(2)
John Rawls, The Theory of Justice (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1971)
John-Jacques Rousseau, Social Contract, Discourse on the Origins and Foundations of Inequality Among Men excerpts from Ed. Joseph Losco & Leonard Williams, Political Theory: Classical Writings, Contemporary Views, (St. Martins Press, New York, 1992)
Joshua Rozenburg, 2004, Asylum Seekers win Battle for Food and Shelter, The Telegraph 23rd May 2004
S. Ruxton & R. Karim (2001) Beyond Civil Rights: Developing Economic, Social & Cultural Rights in the UK, Oxford, Oxfam
Prakash Shah, The Human Rights Act 1998 and immigration law, INLP 2000 14(3)
Shorts & de Than, 2001, Human Rights Law in the UK, Sweet & Maxwell
Keir Starmer, European Human Rights Law: The Human Rights Act 1998 and the European Convention on Human Rights, (Legal Action Group, London, 2000)
Statement at the Special Dialogue on Poverty and the Enjoyment of Human Rights, Commission on Human Rights 56th Session, 12 April 2000
Ed. Janusz Symonides, Human Rights: Concepts and Standards, (UNESCO Publishing, Aldershot, 2000)
UNCHR, Executive Committee of the High Commissioners Programme 51st Session Note on International Protection, IJRL 2000 12(460)
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Tag: Idle Lovéll
Idle Lovéll – Surge Et Illuminare – 1984
The first of several Michael Knott (Lifesavers, LSU, Aunt Betty's) related projects to find its way onto this list, and like the previously discussed "Weber and the Buzztones," the placement of this album suffers from EP bias. By that I mean if it was a full length release, rather than just six songs, it most likely would have found its way into the upper half of the countdown. Even with that the album is worthy of consideration. It is also quite possibly the rarest of Michael Knott releases. Though listed as a "Blonde Vinyl" release, the limited nature and no national distribution makes the EP a sought after vinyl. Idle Lovell was a segue between different incarnation of the Lifesavers and LSU. The band, despite a limited run, went through a few incarnations itself with multiple musicians making up the band, though along with Knott, members included Vince Pangrazio on bass and Bradford J. Salamon on drums. Longtime friend and collaborator Brian Doidge, who also performed with Knott in multiple incarnations of the Lifesavers, LSU and the Aunt Betty's. For me, "One Sided Love Affair" is the most Lifesavers sounding song on the album, and would not have been out of place on Dream Life. This one of many attempts by Knott to reach the mainstream market. It also ended up being the first release on Knott's Blond Vinyl record label. The ultimate irony was that it was also the only Blond Vinyl release to be released on vinyl. Apparently the band wrote and worked on several more songs, but soon disbanded and those songs would find their way onto other Michael Knott related Lifesavers projects. The first real stand out for me is the opening track, "Touch Me in the Wind." A very "current" tune for the times that would and maybe should have been a hit on mainstream alternative radio stations like LA's famous KROQ. All six songs are very, very strong tunes with a darker, more dance-like goth feel. Great for fans of The Cure, The Church, Echo and the Bunnymen and the Psychedelic Furs. Two songs would later show up on Lifesaver and LSU projects. In fact, the feel and sound would play a heavy role in the future LSU incarnation with its darker edge. LSU and Lifesaver guitarist Brian Doidge would be a key band member for the live shows. One song of note is "I Can't Wait," which would appear on the following Lifesavers "Kiss of Life" project. I have always found it a bit ironic that the Idle Lovell version is much more pop and upbeat sounding to my ear than the version that appears on the much more pop and upbeat "Kiss of Life" album. Idle Lovell serves as a record keeper for the times and the progression Knott was making as a songwriter and performer. Always ahead and on the edge, Knott consistently made memorable music that was much more palatable than his reputation as some sort of avante garde artist would suggest. Hard to find, but worth the effort.
Contributor David Lowman – https://legacyccmsgreatestalbums.wordpress.com/
1 – Touch Me In The Wind – 5:02
2 – Shallow – 3:55
3 – I Can't Wait – 3:55
4 – Only – 4:05
5 – One Sided Love Affair – 3:52
6 – Drone – 5:20
Artwork [Charcoal Drawings], Layout [Cover & Insert] – Bradford J. Salamon
Backing Vocals – Bridget Knott
Bass – Vince Pangrazio
Drums – Bradford J. Salamon
Keyboards – Jim Richards
Keyboards [Additional] – John Gloudeman
Mastered By – Bernie Grundman
Photography By [Insert] – Colleen Knott
Producer, Engineer – Thom Roy
Vocals, Guitar – Michael Knott
Written-By – Michael Knott
Author David LowmanPosted on August 12, 2021 July 30, 2021 Categories AlbumsTags 1984, Idle Lovéll, Michael KnottLeave a comment on Idle Lovéll – Surge Et Illuminare – 1984


Okay, a lot of this has already been explained, so we will jump directly to the interesting part. First of all, we declare a couple of variables of the string type. A string simply contains text, as you can see, since we give them a value straight away. Next, we output a line of text to the console, where we use the two variables. The string is made up by using the + characters to "collect" the different parts.
Next, we ask the user to enter a new first name, and then we use the ReadLine() method to read the user input from the console and enter it into the firstName variable. Once the user presses the Enter key, the new first name is assigned to the variable, and in the next line we output the name presentation again, to show the change. We have just used our first variable and the single most important feature of a variable: The ability to change its value at runtime.
Put this in our Main method, and try it out. The only new "trick" we use here, is the int.Parse() method. It simply reads a string and converts it into an integer. As you can see, this application makes no effort to validate the user input, and if you enter something which is not a number, an exception will be raised. More about those later.
Notice the helloClass member, declared on the class scope instead of inside a method - this will allow us to access it from both our Main() method as well as our own DoStuff() method. That is not true for our helloLocal variable, which has been declared inside the Main() method and can therefore only be used inside of this specific method.
The concept of differentiating between where a variable has been declared is called scoping and it prevents your code from becoming a huge mess of variables which can be changed from too many places. Another technique that helps us with this is called member visibility (in this case illustrated with the private keyword), which we'll discuss in the chapter about classes.
Variables allow you to store data of various types, e.g. text strings, numbers or custom objects. There are local variables, which are accessible inside of the method in which it has been defined, and then there are class fields, which can be accessed from all the methods of the class and even outside of the class, if the visibility permits it.


You reckon being stupidly tall helps in downhill?
You used to be pretty picky what races you would ride I seem to remember.
So why the Pro Elite come back?
Jim laughs. "Well it's hard to be anti-elitist AND want to show everyone you're better than them at the same time.
Curtis are really looking after you.
"Yes. I get everything except a wage. A bike for each of my disciplines which is exactly right for me".
It seems to me that riders who have never had big sponsorship are best adapted to survive the decline in DH support.


Colorado's fetal "personhood" measure might have failed, but last night's election brought a host of anti-choice wins across the country. The damage done: The House of Representatives "gained at least forty-nine anti-choice members," the Senate "retained a slim but diminished pro-choice majority" and across the country "ten pro-choice governors were defeated and replaced by anti-choice candidates," according to the Center for Reproductive Rights. These are stark figures, to be sure, but what does it mean, in practical terms?
We will see almost immediately a range of efforts to focus on restricting reproductive and sexual health and rights. A House of Representatives led by the Republicans and Tea Parties will give full reign to the likes of Congressman Chris Smith (R-NJ), Mike Pence (R-IN) and Joe Pitts (R-PA) to constantly push for restrictions on women's rights in U.S. international policy. They will try to pass a law codifying a global gag rule, try to reinforce and strengthen abstinence-only until marriage funding in U.S. global AIDS funding, and turn a blind eye to efforts to pass heinous laws targeting homosexuals as criminals in places like Uganda.
What's more, she argues "there will be grandstanding on and efforts to eliminate the non-existent funding of abortion in health reform and there will immediately be pressure not to include contraceptive coverage as preventive care in the regulations to be written by the Department of Health and Human Services." And then there's Senator-elect Ron Paul, who is "chomping at the bit to introduce legislation conferring rights on fertilized eggs at the national level."
Yesterday's election was not a referendum on reproductive rights, but a reflection of voters' deep economic concerns. But reproductive rights will be collateral damage. ... On the federal front, there are already members of Congress who would use any means to block access to abortion, and they just got a slew of new allies. We anticipate that anti-choice leadership in the House, buoyed by new members, will aggressively attempt to push through anti-choice measures.
The biggest threat, though, is on the state-level, she says. In this year alone, "state lawmakers introduced more than six-hundred bills intended to restrict women's access to abortion," she reports.
I think this tweet from @EttaDevine says it best: "Hold on to your vaginas for the next two years or government will try and do it for you."


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