text:
Our Library is Ireland's leading research centre for the study of art and art history. It holds the country's most extensive bibliographic collections relating to the national and international development of the visual arts. Our books range from the latest publications on visual art to rare books that date back as far as the 16th century--all of which are searchable via our online catalogue. Learn more about our selection of books below.
Monographs or "a detailed written study of a single specialised subject or an aspect of it" relates to books which have been published about one artist. For example, a book which discusses the life and artworks of Vincent van Gogh is therefore known as a monograph. On many occasions, monographs contain photographic reproductions of key works held in the National Gallery of Ireland and are the first 'port of call' for researching the work. The collecting of monographs on artists has been a long-standing commitment kept by the gallery since its foundation in the 19th century to this day, with the library staff continuing to catalogue newly received publications of a daily basis. As such the library holds many publications on key artists.
Catalogue Raisonnés
A catalogue raisonné is a comprehensive, annotated listing of all the known works of an artist. It acts as a reliable source when gathering information including title and title variations, dimensions, dates of the work, medium, current location/owner at time of publication, provenance (history of ownership), exhibition history and more. Consulting such publications can save a huge amount of time compared to piecing together the same information from various sources. We hold a large collection of catalogue raisonnés such as the works of Vermeer, Caravaggio, Guercino and Velázquez. Simply use search terms like 'catalogue raisonné' or 'complete works' and the artists name to find sources.
Our reading rooms are closed at present but our staff are still available to assist you with your research needs.
library@ngi.ie
© 2020 NGI Library and Archives


text:
Review: X-Men #120
Cover by Bob Budiansky and Terry Austin
X-Men #120
Published and © by Marvel, April 1979
Title: "Wanted: Wolverine! Dead or Alive!"
Synopsis: The X-Men's return flight from Japan is mysteriously rerouted to Canada for a showdown against a new superteam – Alpha Flight.
Writer (plot): Chris Claremont and John Byrne
Writer (script): Claremont
Penciler: Byrne
Inker: Terry Austin
Review: While the pace of creation had slowed for much of Marvel since the Silver Age, Chris Claremont's X-Men assumed the role of reliable creative engine. Seemingly inspired by a series of gifted artists as partners, the writer regularly unleashed a flood of new characters and concepts. This was particularly true during his collaboration with Canadian artist John Byrne, with this issue's debut of Alpha Flight serving as a great example of their work. It would take awhile for the new characters to be fully fleshed out, but their potential is obvious right away. Fun stuff from an exceptional creative team.
Second opinion: "It seems like Claremont doesn't want to clear up existing subplots nor tell a story in a single issue. (This series) is, nevertheless, one of the best published. … 8/10." – Roger Caldwell, AFTA #3, April 1979 … "With its ambience of menace, disciplined pacing, and deft character touches, X-Men #120 is the start of the second phase in the Claremont/Byrne partnership." – Jason Powell, "The Best There Is at What He Does: Examining Chris Claremont's X-Men," 2016 … "X-Men I rate particularly high and a glance through (X-Men #120) should tell you why." – Les Chester, Comic Media News International #39, May-June 1979 … "A story rich with atmosphere and suspense." – Jim Johnson, The Comics Buyer's Guide to the X-Men (Comics Buyer's Guide Presents), 2003 … Recommended by The Slings & Arrows Comic Guide (second edition), 2003.
Cool factor: Alpha Flight!
Not-so-cool factor: The Canadian government's pursuit of Wolverine is pretty dang fascist. And rude!
Notable: First appearance of Alpha Flight, albeit "off camera." … According to the annual statement of ownership on the "X-Mail" letters page, X-Men had an average total paid circulation of 115,260 for the 12 months preceding Sept. 25, 1978.
Collector's note: According to the Grand Comics Database, there is a 12p British variant of this issue. … According to MyComicShop.com, there is also a Mark Jewelers variant.
Character quotable: " If anyone on Earth has a prayer of corralling Wolverine, it's Alpha Flight." – Vindicator, AKA "Major Maple Leaf"
A word from the writer: "Included in that story, a cameo by then-Premier Pierre Elliott Trudeau, a guest appearance the gained the book nationwide press coverage – in print, radio and TV – north of the border." – Chris Claremont, from "Harmony of Vision," a 2004 essay collected in "Uncanny X-Men Omnibus Vol. 1," 2006
Editor's note: This review was written March 24, 2022.
Bob Budiansky
Terry Austin
Comics a Unique Window Into America's Past
Review: World's Finest Comics #208
Review: The World of Krypton #1

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Category: FILM & TV NEWS
Watch this space! Brad Pitt in Ad Astra
by Amy Flower | FILM & TV NEWS
A new trailer has popped out for the upcoming Brad Pitt space adventure Ad Astra. Pitt plays...
Cue the music – it's a first look at Jay & Silent Bob Reboot
Kevin Smith has hit SDCC 2019 armed with a trailer for the upcoming Jay & Silent Bob Reboot,...
Cats entertainment! Take a look at the Cats people
As promised, a trailer has dropped for the upcoming movie version of the Andrew Lloyd Webber...
Top Gun: Maverick swoops in
Amongst all the fun of the Comic-Con fair, Tom Cruise popped by to unleash the first Top Gun:...
SDCC 2019 – Terminator: Dark Fate
by Scott Hocking | FILM & TV NEWS
The first big panel in Hall H revealed more about the new Terminator movie, along with special guests Arnold Schwarzenegger and Linda Hamilton…
SDCC 2019 – It Chapter Two
The annual Scarediego horror night kicked off San Diego Comic-Con with a new trailer and footage from the highly anticipated IT Chapter Two
Cats preparing to take over cinemas
It's a feline musical invasion, as Cats prepares to dazzle cinema-goers this December. The...
Hustlers takes on sleazy Wall Street types
Absolutely nothing to do with this year's The Hustle, Hustlers is a new dramedy that was...
John Cena is Playing with Fire
John Cena is starring as a firey in upcoming kids comedy Playing with Fire. Heading our way from...
Avengers get game for Avengers Endgames
No, that isn't a typo – prepare yourselves for Avengers Endgames, with the original...
Prepare for Stranger Things from The Simpsons
The next Treehouse of Horror episode of the never-ending animated series The Simpsons is taking on...
Heading into The Kitchen for a final look
The Kitchen, starring Melissa McCarthy, Tiffany Haddish and Elisabeth Moss, is heading our way via...
The Emmys 2019 nominations are out
All the nominations for the 2019 Primetime Emmys have dropped, in a whopperous 65-page (!) press...
Phwoar! Taika Waititi returning for more Thor
There will be a fourth stand-alone Marvel Cinematic Universe Thor film, and Taika Waititi will...
Click! Spielberg's filming West Side Story
Steven Spielberg is taking on the classic musical West Side Story and, as footage below reveals,...
A hot new look at Rob Zombie's 3 from Hell
If you're itching to get your peepers on Rob Zombie's new 3 from Hell, it's...
Baz Luhrmann tracks down Elvis
The latest project for Strictly Ballroom and Moulin Rouge! creator Baz Luhrmann is a...
Putting The King's Man story together
A first look has arrived for The King's Man, the prequel to Matthew Vaughn's two...
Putting the 3D into Spider-Man Far From Home
If you've ever wondered how they go about making the 3D version of a movie, then this look...
Prepare for a five star boutique experience in The Hunt
We see so many trailers, so to have one with just a slightly off-kilter spin is always a welcome...
Another peek inside The Lion King
Disney's remake of The Lion King bounds into cinemas this week, and we're reaching...
BOMP! BOMP ! BOMP! Space Invaders movie still a thing
Space Invaders, the video game that swallowed countless 20 cent pieces at the beginning of the...
Ghostbusters 2020 is gho- erm, go!
It's fair to say that we're not the only ones excited for what's currently known...
Don Cheadle gets game for Space Jam 2
The upcoming sequel – some quarter of a century later – to Space Jam has bagged itself...
Flintstones, meet the Flintstones… again!
In what may or may not be a case of "Yabba dabba don't", a new animated...
Momo movie mo-moving into production
Remember that dumb 'Momo Challenge' hoax a while back that was supposed to end...
Feel good with Fisherman's Friends
If you love your British feel good, underdog stories then have we got a fishy tale for you –...
Samuel L Jackson set to Saw!
We've finally got our heads around news that Chris Rock is rebooting the Saw franchise, now...
Jessica Chastain gives the lowdown on 355
Jessica Chastain is bringing her idea for a female-led spy action movie to life in 355, and...
Follow the map to Dora and the Lost City of Gold
Have you been searching for another look at the upcoming Dora the Explorer movie? OK then!...
Win a tambourine signed by Spoon and vinyl goodie bag
Win the ultimate Xbox gaming pack
Win one of three 'Shazam!' merch packs
Win a signed script from The Good Doctor Season 2
Score Stephen King's Pet Sematary book


text:
Argoud est un nom de famille français notamment porté par :

Par ordre alphabétique
 Antoine Argoud (1914–2004), militaire français ;
 Gilbert Argoud (1937–2011), helléniste française ;
  (née en 1960), actrice américaine ;
 Pierre Argoud (1763–1804), général français ;
 Pierre Joseph Argoud (mort en 1730), officier de plume français.

Notes et références

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
"Afrin massacre reflects the extent of Erdogan's hostility to the Kurdish people"
NEWS DESK- The Joint Presidency of the Executive Body of the Northern Syria Democratic Federation of Syria said that Erdogan has committed massacres in Afrin on the same day that Saddam had committed the massacre Halabçe reflecting the degree of hostility to the Kurdish people.
The Joint Presidency of the Executive of the Northern Syrian Federation issued a written statement regarding the massacre perpetrated by the Turkish occupation army against civilians in Afrin in conjunction with the 30th anniversary of the Halabçe massacre.
"Erdogan committed the Afrin massacre on the same day that Saddam committed the Halabçe massacre in 1988," he said. Erdogan's dictatorship did not withstand the resistance of the people of Afrin for 56 days against all types of NATO weapons. "
The statement pointed out that the people of Afrin stood steadfast against all kinds of practices by Erdogan. "Erdogan promised to seize Afrin within three days, but the iron will of our people and our heroes led to the defeat of the second army in NATO and Erdogan's withdrawal of NATO countries to help him is the best proof of that."
"Erdogan's act of cowardice on the anniversary of Halabçe massacre reflects the degree of hostility to the Kurdish people to the level of brutality reached by the outbreak of the Turkish government. However, just as Saddam was unable to eliminate the Kurdish people, Erdogan also will not be able to eliminate the existence of the Kurdish people and just as Saddam was tried in the conscience of all mankind, the day also will come on which he is tried."
The Turkish occupation army and its mercenaries committed today a massacre in the Mahmodiya neighborhood of Afrin city, due to the brutal shelling of heavy weapons. Twenty-one civilians martyred in addition to dozens of the wounded, and this number is likely to rise as a number of civilians remain under rubble.
The Joint Presidency of the Executive Committee of the Northern Syria Democratic Federation blamed the international community for what Erdogan has committed in Afrin, in the silence to the massacres committed by Erdogan's army in Afrin. It called on the world to support the resistance of Afrin people whose home and land were stolen by the Turkish fascism and to stand in the face of the Daesh-supporting Erdogan's policies.
J.O


Gossec, Le Chant du 14 Juillet; Gossec, Hymne à la Liberté; Cherubini, Hymne au Panthéon; Cherubini, Sonata for two organs; Rouget de Lisle, Marseillaise; Mehul, Chant du Départ; Catel, Marche Militaire. The musical soundtrack to the French Revolution was characterised by song, and most famously by the singing of the Marseillaise.
Composers also wrote a range of music for the new, state-sponsored religion, and we will reconstruct a revolutionary 'Fete de la Raison', similar to that celebrated in 1793 – complete with processions, drums and rousing choruses!
Running time 90 mins approx. Refreshments available.


text:
AeroGuard Flight Training Center Signs Long Term Agreement With Cathay Pacific, Plans to Train Hundreds of Cadet Pilots at Its Phoenix, Arizona Campus
December 5, 2022 Asean, Press Releases
PHOENIX, Dec. 05, 2022 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — AeroGuard Flight Training Center, one of the largest global flight training academies in the U. S., is excited to announce the signing of a long-term agreement with Cathay Pacific as part of the airline's plans to train several hundred new pilots per year in Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A.. AeroGuard […]
Nasdaq Completes Migration of the First U.S. Options Market to AWS
The Successful Migration of MRX Marks a Major Milestone in Building the Global Capital Markets Infrastructure of the Future The New Cloud-Enabled Market Infrastructure Delivers a 10% Performance Improvement for Market Participants NEW YORK, Dec. 05, 2022 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — Nasdaq, Inc. (Nasdaq: NDAQ) today announced it has successfully completed the migration of the core […]
Mc Aesthetics Innovations Award for Turkish President; High Level Aesthetic and Burn Center Honored
Prof. Dr. Ahmet Ali Altintas was honored as Presidential Doctor Prof Dr Altintas honored by University Ashgabat BERLIN, Dec. 05, 2022 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — The Mc Aesthetics Group, with its 10 clinics in Europe, honors outstanding and innovative concepts in plastic surgery. One of the largest aesthetic and burn centers in Asia has opened in […]
BioLumic and Curio Wellness Team Up to Bring Light Treatments to Maryland
Commercial collaboration between two cannabis innovators will incorporate BioLumic's proprietary Light Treatments into Curio Wellness's leading cultivation operation NEW YORK, Dec. 05, 2022 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — Curio Wellness, a vertically integrated medical cannabis company and market leader of health and wellness products derived from cannabis, announced today its commercial collaboration with BioLumic, a biotechnology company […]
Tusk Limited Announces the Market's Largest Deal
LONDON, Dec. 05, 2022 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — Tusk Inc Limited (tusklimited.com), one of the world's leading manufacturers of solar modules and complete solutions, recently launched new products such as the T.640 Solar Unit, T.150 Solar Panel with Crypto miner (complete), T.640 Solar panel with Crypto Miner, and so on. And these have piqued the interest […]
The Region of Piedmont and IFSE Fly to Chicago and Orlando for 'A Taste Of Piedmont'
Piedmont's Food and Wine Excellence in the Spotlight A Taste of Piedmont CHICAGO, Dec. 05, 2022 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — "A Taste of Piedmont" is back, an event promoting and enhancing the food and wine of Piedmont, promoted by the Region of Piedmont, in collaboration with Visit Piedmont, conceived and organised by the IFSE Academy of […]
Ukrainian Singer Shares Her Powerful Performance of a Holiday Classic
Watch the video that captures the wonder of the season and the reality of war in her country. Usanova TORONTO, Dec. 05, 2022 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — Undoubtedly you've heard carolers sing "Carol Of The Bells" every holiday season. You may also remember this song from the cult classic film "Home Alone", but most will not […]
STACK Infrastructure and ESR expand their APAC partnership into Japan with a 72MW data center development in Osaka
STACK Expands into Osaka SINGAPORE, Dec. 04, 2022 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — STACK Infrastructure ("STACK"), the digital infrastructure partner to the world's most innovative companies and a leading global developer and operator of data centers, and ESR Group Limited ("ESR" or the "Company", together with its subsidiaries as the "Group"; SEHK Stock Code: 1821), APAC's largest […]


text:
Q: Open and Close on a single click Modal I have created a dialog popup on click to show - I would like to click the same link to close the dialog popup:
Here is a working example: http://jsfiddle.net/zidski/4ASft/
Code below:
$(document).ready(function(){

    $('ul').each(function() {
        $(this).find('li').click(function() {
            var listItem = this;
            alert($(listItem).text());
        });
    });

    $('.activate_modal').click(function(){
       //get the id of the modal window stored in the name of the activating element
       var modal_id = $(this).attr('name');
       //use the function to show it
       show_modal(modal_id);
    });

    $('.close_modal').click(function(){
        //use the function to close it
        close_modal();
    });
});

//THE FUNCTIONS
function close_modal(){
    //hide the mask
    $('#mask').fadeOut(500);
    //hide modal window(s)
    $('.modal_window').fadeOut(500);
}
function show_modal(modal_id){

    //set display to block and opacity to 0 so we can use fadeTo
    $('#mask').css({ 'display' : 'block', opacity : 0});
    //fade in the mask to opacity 0.8
    $('#mask').fadeTo(500,0.8);
     //show the modal window
    $('#'+modal_id).fadeIn(500);
}

A: http://jsfiddle.net/Z5RH2/
$('#'+modal_id+',#mask').fadeToggle(500);

That should do it.

A: Here you go
http://jsfiddle.net/4ASft/2/

A: My solution: http://jsfiddle.net/4ASft/3/
$('.activate_modal').click(function(){
   //get the id of the modal window stored in the name of the activating element
   var modal_id = $(this).attr('name');
   //use the function to show it or close it
    if($('#'+modal_id).is(":visible")) {
       close_modal();
    } else {
       show_modal(modal_id);
    }
    return false;
});

A: You can use jQuery's toggle event to switch between the two states.
http://jsfiddle.net/4ASft/4/

A: if($('#modal_id').is(':visible'))
  $('#modal_id').hide();
else
 $('#modal_id').show();
  return false;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
//
// Diese Datei wurde mit der JavaTM Architecture for XML Binding(JAXB) Reference Implementation, v2.2.5-2 generiert
// Siehe http://java.sun.com/xml/jaxb
// �nderungen an dieser Datei gehen bei einer Neukompilierung des Quellschemas verloren.
// Generiert: 2014.02.04 um 12:22:03 PM CET
//

package org.onvif.ver10.schema;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAccessType;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAccessorType;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAnyAttribute;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAnyElement;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlElement;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlType;
import javax.xml.namespace.QName;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;

/**
 *

 * Java-Klasse f�r PTZPresetTourPresetDetail complex type.
 *
 *

 * Das folgende Schemafragment gibt den erwarteten Content an, der in dieser Klasse enthalten ist.
 *
 *

 * <complexType name="PTZPresetTourPresetDetail">
 *   <complexContent>
 *     <restriction base="{http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema}anyType">
 *       <sequence>
 *         <choice>
 *           <element name="PresetToken" type="{http://www.onvif.org/ver10/schema}ReferenceToken"/>
 *           <element name="Home" type="{http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema}boolean"/>
 *           <element name="PTZPosition" type="{http://www.onvif.org/ver10/schema}PTZVector"/>
 *           <element name="TypeExtension" type="{http://www.onvif.org/ver10/schema}PTZPresetTourTypeExtension"/>
 *         </choice>
 *         <any processContents='lax' maxOccurs="unbounded" minOccurs="0"/>
 *       </sequence>
 *       <anyAttribute processContents='lax'/>
 *     </restriction>
 *   </complexContent>
 * </complexType>
 *

 *
 *
 */
@XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.FIELD)
@XmlType(name = "PTZPresetTourPresetDetail", propOrder = { "presetToken", "home", "ptzPosition", "typeExtension", "any" })
public class PTZPresetTourPresetDetail {

	@XmlElement(name = "PresetToken")
	protected String presetToken;
	@XmlElement(name = "Home")
	protected Boolean home;
	@XmlElement(name = "PTZPosition")
	protected PTZVector ptzPosition;
	@XmlElement(name = "TypeExtension")
	protected PTZPresetTourTypeExtension typeExtension;
	@XmlAnyElement(lax = true)
	protected List<java.lang.Object> any;
	@XmlAnyAttribute
	private Map<QName, String> otherAttributes = new HashMap<QName, String>();

	/**
	 * Ruft den Wert der presetToken-Eigenschaft ab.
	 *
	 * @return possible object is {@link String }
	 *
	 */
	public String getPresetToken() {
		return presetToken;
	}

	/**
	 * Legt den Wert der presetToken-Eigenschaft fest.
	 *
	 * @param value
	 *            allowed object is {@link String }
	 *
	 */
	public void setPresetToken(String value) {
		this.presetToken = value;
	}

	/**
	 * Ruft den Wert der home-Eigenschaft ab.
	 *
	 * @return possible object is {@link Boolean }
	 *
	 */
	public Boolean isHome() {
		return home;
	}

	/**
	 * Legt den Wert der home-Eigenschaft fest.
	 *
	 * @param value
	 *            allowed object is {@link Boolean }
	 *
	 */
	public void setHome(Boolean value) {
		this.home = value;
	}

	/**
	 * Ruft den Wert der ptzPosition-Eigenschaft ab.
	 *
	 * @return possible object is {@link PTZVector }
	 *
	 */
	public PTZVector getPTZPosition() {
		return ptzPosition;
	}

	/**
	 * Legt den Wert der ptzPosition-Eigenschaft fest.
	 *
	 * @param value
	 *            allowed object is {@link PTZVector }
	 *
	 */
	public void setPTZPosition(PTZVector value) {
		this.ptzPosition = value;
	}

	/**
	 * Ruft den Wert der typeExtension-Eigenschaft ab.
	 *
	 * @return possible object is {@link PTZPresetTourTypeExtension }
	 *
	 */
	public PTZPresetTourTypeExtension getTypeExtension() {
		return typeExtension;
	}

	/**
	 * Legt den Wert der typeExtension-Eigenschaft fest.
	 *
	 * @param value
	 *            allowed object is {@link PTZPresetTourTypeExtension }
	 *
	 */
	public void setTypeExtension(PTZPresetTourTypeExtension value) {
		this.typeExtension = value;
	}

	/**
	 * Gets the value of the any property.
	 *
	 *

	 * This accessor method returns a reference to the live list, not a snapshot. Therefore any modification you make to the returned list will be present inside the JAXB object.
	 * This is why there is not a set method for the any property.
	 *
	 *

	 * For example, to add a new item, do as follows:
	 *
	 *

	 * getAny().add(newItem);
	 *

	 *
	 *
	 *

	 * Objects of the following type(s) are allowed in the list {@link Element } {@link java.lang.Object }
	 *
	 *
	 */
	public List<java.lang.Object> getAny() {
		if (any == null) {
			any = new ArrayList<java.lang.Object>();
		}
		return this.any;
	}

	/**
	 * Gets a map that contains attributes that aren't bound to any typed property on this class.
	 *
	 *

	 * the map is keyed by the name of the attribute and the value is the string value of the attribute.
	 *
	 * the map returned by this method is live, and you can add new attribute by updating the map directly. Because of this design, there's no setter.
	 *
	 *
	 * @return always non-null
	 */
	public Map<QName, String> getOtherAttributes() {
		return otherAttributes;
	}

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Turn on Reatha Grey twice today!
Reatha Grey today on The Carl Nelson Show http://woldcnews.com at 1PM P/T, 4PM E/T and a new Betty White's Off Their Rockers, 8PM on NBC. Check it out!
Happy Valentine's Day! Hope you get to spend time with the one you love today!
Me and all of the Betty White's Off Their Rockers pranksters will be on the 4th hour of the Today Show in 24 hours. That's Friday morning, Febuary 15, with Kathy Lee and Hoda at 10 AM on NBC. Lou Beatty Jr. and I actually prank Kathy Lee and Hoda at the top of the show, so don't miss it!
California Girls! KLG and Hoda are heading to LA - KLG and Hoda Betty White's Off Their Rockers Gang, including me, will be taping the noon show on Sunday. Come on out to cheer us on!
Betty White's 2nd Annual 90th Birthday Special Airs Tuesday, February 5 on NBC Celebrate with Betty tonight at 8 PM.


PSC commissioner Celia Kiram (from left), PSC chairman Butch Ramirez, DepEd undersecretary Revsee Escobedo, PSC Commissioner Charles Maxey and PSC deputy executive director Simeon Rivera during yesterday's press conference in Davao City.
Davao City - The Department of Education and the Philippine Sports Commission yesterday lauded the start of their collaboration, citing the two-day national sports planning workshop that was set to close here at the Pinnacle Hotel and Suites yesterday afternoon.
DepEd assistant secretary Revsee Escobedo praised the national sports agency for the initiative and efforts to unify the country's grassroots sports development program.
"This collaboration is a brainchild of our Chairman (William "Butch" Ramirez) and Secretary (Leonor) Briones. We welcome this major step and development in our grassroots program especially for the benefit of our athletes of Deped," Escobedo said.
He also said that through the partnership, PSC will help Deped develop and train its athletes and coaches. This, he added, will raise the level of standards and capabilities of the athletes and coaches not just for national competitions but in the international stage as well.
Ramirez thanked Briones, sharing that the DepEd-PSC collaboration was initiated when they talked during the Philippine National Games (PNG) 2018 opening ceremonies in Cebu last summer.
"This is a milestone development, for we believe without Deped there will be no grassroots sports program," the PSC chief said.
The collaboration with Deped and local government units (LGUs), according to him, will be vital in pushing for a genuine grassroots sports development program.
He proposed that both government agencies agree on focus sports, which are aligned in the Olympics and Asian Games roster of events, to maximize both their resources.
Ramirez also heard that the 2019 Southeast Asian (SEA) Games that the country will be hosting will have a total of 56 sports. But he said South Korea and Australia only have focus sports which their respective governments are funding.


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A grey Snowmass Peruvian Casanova daughter who is extremely fine, Cancion is the product of crossing her sire's and dam's Championship lineages. Cancion's dam (Patagonia's Clara) is the 2001 AOBA Blue Ribbon winner and AOBA Brown Color Champion! Cancion herself has an excellent show record that includes a Blue Ribbon and a Reserve Color Championship, as well as Third Place at the 2006 AOBA Nationals in a very competitive juvenile grey class! In keeping with the tradition of criating outstanding greys for the NEXT generation.
Grey Casanova daughters are a real treasure and we believe that Cancion's genetics will throw Champions for many years to come! Price comes with a free breed to any Triple Diamonds Herdsire.


text:
Q: Strange Pointers Behaviour in C I was experimenting with pointers. Look at this code:
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

int numba = 1;

int *otherintptr = &numba;

printf("%d\n", otherintptr);
printf("%d\n", *otherintptr);

*otherintptr++;

printf("%d\n", otherintptr);
printf("%d\n", *otherintptr);

return 0;
}

The output is:
2358852
1
2358856
2358856

Now, I am well aware that (*otherintptr)++ would have incremented my int, but my question is not this.
After the increment, the memory location is correctly increased by 4 bytes, which is the size of an integer.
I'd like to know why the last printf instruction prints the memory location, while I am clearly asking to print the content of memory locations labelled 2358856 (I was expecting some dirty random content).
Note that the second printf statement prints the content of memory cell 2358852, (the integer 1) as expected.

A: What happens with these two lines
int numba = 1;
int *otherintptr = &numba;

due to the fact the C compiler will generate a sequential memory layout, otherintptr will initially point to the memory address corresponding to the numba variable. And this is relative to the stack frame allocated when main was called.
Now, the next position on the stack (actually the previous if we consider that the stack grows down on x86 based architectures) is occupied by the otherintptr variable. Incrementing otherintptr will make it point to itself, thus you see the same value.
To exemplify, let's assume that the stack for main begins at the 0x20 offset in memory:
0x20: 0x1      #numba variable
0x24: 0x20     #otherintptr variable pointing to numa

After executing the otherintptr++ instruction, the memory layout will look like this:
0x20: 0x1      #numba variable
0x24: 0x24     #otherintptr variable now pointing to itself

This is why the second printf's have the same output.

A: When you did otherintptr++, you accidentally made otherintptr to point to otherintptr, i.e. to itself. otherintptr just happened to be stored in memory immediately after your numba.
In any case, you got lucky on several occasions here. It is illegal to use an int * pointer to access something that is not an int and not compatible with int. It is illegal to use %d to print pointer values.

A: I suppose you wanted to increment the integer otherpointer points to (numba). However, you incremented actually the pointer, as ++ binds stronger than *
see here.
So otherpointer pointed past the variable. And as there is no valid variable, dereferencing the pointer is undefined behaviour. Thus, anything can happen and you just were lucky the program did not crash. It just happend by chance otherpointer itself resided at that address.


In a post-apocalyptic, sci-fi/fantasy world, one man believes there's hope for restoring the world to what it once was, while everyone else has abandoned hope and are just doing the best they can.
Think Mad Max in Middle Earth, with a Walking Dead atmosphere (but not as dour), and the sensibilities of Firefly.
This is Cliff Bailey's first major student film, a production of the Academy for Creative Media at UH-Manoa and Phazon Media (you're already here!).
We successfully shot, and wrapped production on Nov. 18! Check out the teaser below!
For more info on the project, please visit the blog and follow Phazon Media on Instagram and/or Facebook!


text:
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Over the past two years, I've come to believe that a good 80% of our physical well-being (healthy weight, freedom from aches and pains) depends upon our diet. Six years ago, at the nadir of alcoholism, my weight had ballooned to 165 pounds, and I was miserable in every sense of the word. The early years of sobriety that followed brought little relief from the weight gain, as I remained trapped by addiction; only now to sugar.
It was only by making consistent, healthy food choices that I overcame my cravings for sugar. I lost 50 pounds without increasing my exercise (and the exercise I get is mainly incidental, from housework, gardening, and the like), and I began to feel better. In fact, I felt great. Recovery actually felt like recovery.
My travels to Costa Rica this past year have reinforced my thoughts about diet and well-being. While Costa Rica is not known for fancy cuisine, the Tico (native Costa Rican) lifestyle encourages a simple diet based on fresh food. It's sensible and sustainable, it's balanced and healing.
I'm not discounting the reality of disease. Dietary changes are not a cure-all, merely a solid foundation from which our bodies are better able to self-regulate. My hubby, for example, suffers from gout, and there are several healthy foods he must avoid. But, short of those select items, a more 'green' diet alleviates the lion's share of his gout triggers, and an herbal supplement helps him halt flare-ups when they occur.
My own commitment to a greener, fresher diet (by minimizing intake of processed and preserved foods – I'm neither Vegan nor Vegetarian) not only helped me shed a lot of weight, it effectively corrected my hypothyroidism, for which I'd been on medication the past fifteen or so years. My metabolism has revved up so much, it's become a challenge to put weight on.
There are even more benefits to eating green. When fruits and vegetables are fresh, they are more flavorful. Not only does the body enjoy the nutrition, the taste buds receive a treat. I can say that the meals I've enjoyed most have been in one of two places: Five-star restaurants, and Costa Rica. Imagine it…fruits and vegetables, fish and seafood, harvested the very day you eat them, or at most, the day before. Eating isn't just refueling. It's an experience of pleasure that satisfies body and soul.
I've come to appreciate, too, how 'living green' and connecting with nature has influenced my emotional and spiritual well-being. And it finally dawned on me, this simple truth that has stared me in the face my whole life: whenever our choices bring us closer to the source of our sustenance, we flourish.
By extending my dietary principles to other areas of my life, I can say my life has improved in ways I couldn't anticipate. The time I spend in Costa Rica renews my sense of contentment with life and my passion for it. And in the middle of a Minnesota winter, (when there's no birdsong at home, no frogs, or crickets), vacationing in a rainforest teeming with life is like taking a fast-acting anti-depressant…minus the drugs.
– sitting in a boat and watching wild dolphins play – so close you could touch them if you dared.
These experiences don't merely feed us; they change us.
The intimate connection of our well-being to the natural resources of our world should come as no surprise. It also stands to reason that anything artificial would have the opposite effect on our health; an allergic reaction, if you will, in mind, body, and spirit. Thus, if we disconnect our lives from nature, we suffer. And, in more ways than one.
If there is one resolution I'd urge you to make for 2018, it's to connect with your source, engaging all your senses. Even if all that changes are the foods you eat, you'll be transformed.


The Shelley and Johnny Show – A little blog about projects, lessons and reflections.
A little blog about projects, lessons and reflections.
How do we get students to invest in their learning? One way is to involve them in the planning process.
Whilst this is a fantastic way to get students energised about a project, it can also be daunting. It helps if you have a clear idea about the parameters of the project. Consider what skills/content you are required to cover, these are your non-negotiable. And where can you afford to be flexible? Discuss the parameters with your class and brainstorm the possibilities. If you're studying Shakespeare, would they be most invested in a play? Film? Satire? Invite them to be creative. This process can take anywhere from 10min to an entire lesson, depending on the class. From this point you can design the project based on the information you've gained.
Designing the criteria for success not only ensures students understand the criteria, but that is reflects what they view to be a quality project. This can be created with the entire class or by a group who expresses interest. If it's the latter, I like to ensure the rest of the class views the criteria whilst it's still a draft and gives it the seal of approval. This maintains the view that we're a team and everyones voice matters.
If the first two options seem a little too chaotic, this is a nice simple addition to any project. Form student teams to look after specific aspects of the project. This might be event planners for the presentation, or a curation crew to oversee the design of a large scale product. Whatever it is, giving students specific roles and the autonomy to fulfil this role helps them to own the project, and by extension, their learning.
I know we don't always have time to do this, but when we do we should. Arguably, this is the part of teaching we need make time for. An entry event is designed to get students excited about their learning, and the excitement can start long before the event itself. Delivering teasers and cryptic clues before a project commences can generate buzz amongst your students and make them more receptive to the project once it finally arrives.
Create a simple 'coming soon' sign where your product will eventually be curated.
This will not only get your students talking, but the rest of the community who walks by. Once students are 'in the know' on the project, they can even take over and update the sign with teasers of their own.
Get creative in the way you promote your project. In this project about mosquito eradication, pictures of mosquitos and the slogan "what's the buzz?" written on windows had students talking in the days leading up to the Entry Event.
Posting photos, clues or even short clips on your class communication page can also get students thinking. This could be you setting up your resources for the entry event. One past project involved filming envelopes being sealed with wax. The enigma of such posts should be enough to get students asking questions, and one step closer to buying into the project without even realising it.
This was one of my goals this year. I wanted to run a Presentation of Learning (POL), High Tech High style. Post experience, it's got to be one of the most valuable things I've done in years.
The day started off pretty rough – students pulling out, panel members not showing up etc. Then, our first speaker gets up. She's shaking. The moment she starts speaking, all of my expectations go out the window. This is not an academic speech. She tells us about how she was a year ago, about how her personal confidence has grown as a result of this class and lists the factors that have built her as a person. She breaks down crying, and it's not long before the class follows. She was amazing.
She set the trend for the day. Students who had pulled out or never volunteered were suddenly asking to do impromptu speeches. Whilst most of our speakers discussed their academic growth, four others delved into the more personal throughout the day and had the audience in tears. The kids took over the Q+A section, praising the speakers and asking questions throughout. The atmosphere shifted into this beautiful space, we had bonded from the shared experience. It was amazing.
Whilst I don't believe every POL would be like this, how could it? I do feel that when you give students time and a platform, when you say we want to hear about YOU, you never know where the experience will go. And that in itself is powerful.
From what I can gather High Tech High shuts down for a day and devotes their time to their POL's. Parents come in and students are allocated a session for their presentation. I wanted to replicate this as best I could, and my amazingly supportive head teacher backed the attempt.
All about you: take time to consider yourself as a learner, what works for you and what doesn't.
A safe place to practice speaking skills, take risks with the worlds most supportive audience.
As an incentive, we made up Golden Tickets that would grant participants entry into the class of their choice in 2018. This proved a massive draw card. I also catered the day to make it feel a little exclusive.
We had a panel to mark the girls and add an air of formality to the occasion. I contacted the University of Wollongong and they sent out an invite to their pre service teachers.
One of the pieces of evidence a lot of the girls referred to was their goal setting. I hadn't realised how powerful this experience was for them. We'd had several growth coaching sessions over the term, and as part of this they'd made little goal sheets as a visual reminder. On them, they wrote questions they wanted people to ask them to remind them of their goals.
Entry Events – let's not forget the fun!
I've gotten a little slack lately, and my entry event's have been the victim.
In my time-poor state, I've been classifying team planning sessions as Entry Events. They're not. Let's not kid ourselves.
So last week, I decided to inject a little fun back into the process and kicked off Year 7's picture book project with some craft and finger painting! Welcome to our hour of fun!
Station 1: Finger painting! This was a double station, meaning they could stay here for 20min rather than 10. Seemed to make sense with the mess.
Station 2: Picture book scavenger hunt. I set out a bunch of picture books, from tactile toddler books to Shaun Tan. They searched through to find symbolic items.
This week has been massive! We have two very cool projects about to launch (I've just added them to Project Cards – House of Cards and Mosquito Project). Johnny and I have spent a rainy Sunday holed up project planning – feels like the good ol' days. Anyway, we've got very some cool Entry Events planned which I'll get back to soon, and I'm experimenting with some gurilla advertising trying to get the kids buzzing before it begins. Exciting stuff!
Welcome to my ah ha moment. I've just figured out why my gallery walks haven't always been so successful; the ones that have worked have been spontaneous, springing from a genuine need for feedback. The ones that haven't have been neatly scheduled moments in my program. Today was one of the more successful moments.
I ran a refining workshop with Johnny's class – they're still in the early days of gallery walks, so I showed them my three drafts and gave a verbal artistic statement, what I liked and what I was struggling with. Then invited them to help me. Whilst they hesitated at first, they ended up giving me some fantastic ideas that will really improve my work. From there we placed their work around the room and moved around giving as much kind, helpful and specific feedback as we could. The beauty of this is the students who had done a rushed job don't need to be told, looking around they knew their work isn't up to scratch.
On reflection they said they really appreciated the process. Some commented that writing the feedback made them feel they were less likely to offend their peers. My feedback came with some diagrams to help me understand their meaning, a touch that really added to the quality and was quite thoughtful.
So my personal lesson? PBL procedures are not a checklist. No one is giving me bonus points for being a good girl and scheduling them in. They're just tools to use to help us in our journey. Oh yeah, and always do the project yourself!
What you like a story with that?
I've already posted about our 50 word stories, (here and here) they've since become a staple with all my classes. But what I haven't covered is how we share these with the world. Cue today's blog.
The next step? No more handwriting. There is little joy in hand-printing 20 sleeves per child, we're hoping to figure out a way to print them next time round!


Whole Life was so perfectly crafted that after a Civil World, Two World Wars, Recessions, Depressions, and many economic downturns, this product remains strongly positioned among the most comprehensive financial strategies of all times.
For those who can not afford a whole life policy for the full amount of protection they need, they should consider a combination option to supplement their protection with an additional Term Insurance Policy. This is how we arrive to our concept of maximum protection and maximum wealth accumulation according to your budget.
It is important to make sure that the Term Insurance policy has a conversion provision that allows for the policy to be converted into a whole in the future without proof of insurability should their economic conditions improve.
There are three parties in a life insurance transaction: The Insurer, The Insured, and The Owner of the policy (policyholder), although the owner and the insured are often the same person.
Another important person involved in a life insurance policy is the beneficiary. The beneficiary is the person or persons who will receive the policy proceeds upon the death of the insured.
Life insurance may be divided into two basic classes – Permanent and Term.
Whole life insurance Is a permanent life insurance which provides for a level premium, and a cash value table included in the policy and guaranteed by the insurance company.
Mortality and Expense charges will not reduce the cash value shown in the policy.
Universal life insurance (UL) is a relatively new insurance product intended to provide permanent insurance coverage with greater flexibility in premium payment and the potential for a higher internal rate of return. A universal life policy includes a cash account. Premiums increase the cash account.
If you want to buy a whole life, universal life, or other cash value policy, you should plan to hold it for at least 15 years. Cancelling these policies after only a few years, can increase your pure protection costs.
Check the National Association of Insurance Commissioners website (www.naic.org/cis ) or your local library for information on the financial soundness of insurance companies.


Find out which law firms are representing which Banking and finance clients in Isle of Man using The Legal 500's new comprehensive database of law firm/client relationships. Instantly search over 925,000 relationships, including over 83,000 Fortune 500, 46,000 FTSE350 and 13,000 DAX 30 relationships globally. Access is free for in-house lawyers, and by subscription for law firms. For more information, contact david.burgess@legal500.com.
Cains recently acted as Isle of Man counsel for Four Seasons in the amendment and restatement of a substantial loan and the restructuring of its outstanding senior bonds, led by of counsel Garry Manley and the 'very responsive' Tristan Head. In other highlights, of counsel Scott Leonard-Morgan advised Merrill Lynch and its trust company on the regulatory issues surrounding its sale to the JTC Group, and Richard Vanderplank advised a major bank on Isle of Man law regarding its ring-fencing project. Another name to note in Douglas is of counsel Steven Quayle, who teamed up with Leonard-Morgan to assist an aircraft leasing company with the Isle of Man aspects of its international restructuring of its existing financial agreements.
DQ 'is always quick to respond with close involvement from partners on all matters' and represents an enviable list of heavyweight clients such as Santander, Lloyds and Standard Bank. In recent highlights, the group was appointed by Credit Agricole and Sumitomo Mitsui to oversee their Sea Bridge joint venture, which was set up to invest up to $1bn in senior secured ship mortgage loans. Mark Dougherty represented Permanent Bank in its withdrawal from the Isle of Man and the winding down of its local branch, while Stephen Dougherty assisted an investment manager with its acquisition, refinancing and potential administration of an Isle of Man trading structure. On the contractual front, senior associate Hazel Dawson reviewed licensing, standard lending and security documentation requirements.
Keystone Law's Sally Cranshaw, Geoff Kermeen and William Margot recently advised Clearbell Capital on its acquisition of a Luxembourg SPV which holds real estate assets in Birmingham, as well as on its subsequent redomiciliation to the Isle of Man and the associated post-transaction refinancing. ING appointed the group to oversee the Isle of Man law aspects of a syndicated senior secured term loan related to the refinancing and development of a property in London, and the intra-group transfer of a portfolio of loan facilities. Margot also regularly advises a varied client base, including major banks, lender and borrowers, on the financing of Isle of Man entities such as companies, partnerships and trusts.
The banking and finance offering at Simcocks is known for its 'excellent knowledge, great practical advice, swift turnaround times and a willingness to get involved in the details of every transaction'. Recent highlights for the group include Amy Coole advising a major bank with regard to its entry into a deed of accession to a loan arrangement by an Isle of Man company, and assisting an existing client with the amendment and restatement of a high-value facility agreement. Also notable is practice head Alex Spencer, who 'understands issues very quickly and wields a proactive approach'; he teamed up with associate Peter Chemaly to represent an international bank as security trustee in relation to senior and mezzanine loan facilities provided to a local company as an acquisition vehicle. Notable clients include Barclays, Goldman Sachs, Macquarie and Santander.


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I've signed up for the St. Jude Walk Run to End Childhood Cancer, and I need you to help me reach my fundraising goal. Support me by making a donation or by joining my team.
Why I support St. Jude:
Families never receive a bill from St. Jude for anything – because all a family should worry about is helping their child live.
St. Jude has helped push the overall survival rate for childhood cancer from less than 20% when we first opened our doors to 80% today. St. Jude won't stop until no child dies from cancer.
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text:
United States v. O'Brien
United States Supreme Court case
Argued January 24, 1968
Decided May 27, 1968
Full case name
United States v. David Paul O'Brien
391 U.S. 367 (more)
88 S. Ct. 1673; 20 L. Ed. 2d 672; 1968 U.S. LEXIS 2910
Defendant convicted, D. Mass.; conviction affirmed, sentence vacated and remanded, 376 F.2d 538 (1st Cir. 1967); rehearing denied, 1st Cir., 4-28-67; cert. granted, 389 U.S. 814 (1967).
Rehearing denied, 393 U.S. 900 (1968).
A criminal prohibition against burning draft cards did not violate the First Amendment, because its effect on speech was only incidental, and it was justified by the significant government interest in maintaining an efficient and effective military draft system. First Circuit Court of Appeals vacated and remanded.
Court membership
Earl Warren
Associate Justices
Hugo Black · William O. Douglas
John M. Harlan II · William J. Brennan Jr.
Potter Stewart · Byron White
Abe Fortas · Thurgood Marshall
Case opinions
Warren, joined by Black, Harlan, Brennan, Stewart, White, Fortas
Marshall took no part in the consideration or decision of the case.
Laws applied
U.S. Const. art. I; U.S. Const. amend. I; 50 U.S.C. § 462(b)(3) (1965 amendment to the Universal Military Training and Service Act of 1948)
United States v. O'Brien, 391 U.S. 367 (1968), was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States, which ruled that a criminal prohibition against burning a draft card did not violate the First Amendment's guarantee of free speech. Though the Court recognized that O'Brien's conduct was expressive as a protest against the Vietnam War, it considered the law justified by a significant government interest unrelated to the suppression of speech and was tailored towards that end.
O'Brien upheld the government's power to prosecute what was becoming a pervasive method of anti-war protest. Its greater legacy, however, was its application of a new constitutional standard. The test articulated in O'Brien has been subsequently used by the Court to analyze whether laws that have the effect of regulating speech, though are ostensibly neutral towards the content of that speech, violate the First Amendment. Though the O'Brien test has rarely invalidated laws that the Court has found to be "content neutral", it has given those engaging in expressive conduct—from wearing of black armbands to burning of flags— an additional tool to invoke against prohibitions.
1 Background of the case
1.1 Draft cards under the Selective Service Act
1.2 O'Brien's protest and conviction
1.3 Appeal
2 Supreme Court's decision
2.1 Harlan's concurrence
2.2 Douglas's dissent
3 Subsequent developments
3.1 Vietnam War protests and developments in the draft
3.2 Subsequent First Amendment decisions
Background of the case[edit]
Draft cards under the Selective Service Act[edit]
In 1948, the United States instituted a peace-time draft with the Universal Military Training and Service Act (also called the Selective Service Act), which required all male American citizens to register with a local draft board upon reaching the age of 18. In 1965, Congress amended the Act to prohibit the willful destruction of "draft cards" or registration certificates. These were small white cards bearing the registrant's identifying information, the date and place of registration, and his Selective Service number, which indicated his state of registration, local board, birth year, and his chronological position in the local board's classification record.
The Act had already required all eligible men to carry the certificate at all times, and prohibited alterations that would perpetrate a forgery or fraud. The 1965 amendment, however, made it a separate crime under 50 U.S.C. § 462(b)(3) to "knowingly destroy" or "knowingly mutilate" the card. This amendment was passed at a time when public burnings of draft cards to protest the Vietnam War were a growing phenomenon, many observers (including the U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit) believed that Congress had intentionally targeted such protesters.[1]
O'Brien's protest and conviction[edit]
On the morning of March 31, 1966, David Paul O'Brien and three companions burned their draft cards on the steps of the South Boston Courthouse, in front of a crowd that happened to include several FBI agents. After the four men came under attack from some of the crowd, an FBI agent ushered O'Brien inside the courthouse and advised him of his rights. O'Brien proudly confessed to the agent and produced the charred remains of the certificate. He was subsequently indicted for violating § 462(b)(3) and put on trial in the U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts.[2]
O'Brien insisted on representing himself at his trial and argued that the Act was unconstitutional. He explained to the jury that he burned the draft card publicly to persuade others to oppose the war, "so that other people would reevaluate their positions with Selective Service, with the armed forces, and reevaluate their place in the culture of today, to hopefully consider my position". O'Brien was convicted and sentenced to the maximum of six years, as a "youth offender" under the now-repealed Youth Corrections Act, which submitted him to the custody of the Attorney General "for supervision and treatment".[3]
Appeal[edit]
On appeal, the First Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that the 1965 amendment ran afoul of the First Amendment because it singled out "persons engaging in protest for special treatment".[4] However, although O'Brien could not be convicted for protesting, the First Amendment could not protect him from being required to carry a draft card. The court believed that all the factual issues necessary for a "nonpossession" conviction had been fully litigated, and so affirmed his conviction on that basis and remanded for appropriate resentencing.[5]
Both O'Brien and the United States petitioned for review by the Supreme Court, with the government in United States v. O'Brien (No. 232) challenging the lower court's invalidation of § 462(b)(3) and O'Brien challenging in the nonpossession conviction in O'Brien v. United States (No. 233).[6] The Court decided both actions together and, in a 7–1 decision, upheld the constitutionality of § 462(b)(3), vacated the First Circuit's decision and reinstated O'Brien's sentence. O'Brien had also argued to the Court that the First Circuit had unconstitutionally sustained his conviction for a crime of which he was neither convicted nor tried, and much of the Court's questioning of the government during oral argument challenged this ruling. However, with that decision vacated, the Court did not reach that issue.
Supreme Court's decision[edit]
Chief Justice Warren's decision for the Court rejected O'Brien's argument that the 1965 amendment to § 462(b)(3) was only passed to stifle the speech of anti-war protesters. The law did not restrict speech on its face, but instead only addressed conduct that was not necessarily expressive, and applied without regard to whether the draft card was destroyed in private or before an audience. It also did not matter to the Court if Congress had passed it with the intention of stifling protest, as long as it could be justified on another basis; Chief Justice Warren declared that "this Court will not strike down an otherwise constitutional statute on the basis of an alleged illicit legislative motive".[7]
Despite finding that § 462(b)(3) only prohibited conduct, the Court continued its First Amendment inquiry to determine whether the rule was unduly restrictive of the element of O'Brien's conduct that was expressive. The Court plainly questioned whether this communicative element was "sufficient to bring into play the First Amendment" in O'Brien's case, and so this portion of the Court's opinion was effectively hypothetical musing.[8] Nevertheless, Justice Harlan, in his concurring opinion, recognized this as the "crux" of the Court's decision.[9]
Warren wrote that when a regulation prohibits conduct that combines "speech" and "nonspeech" elements, "a sufficiently important governmental interest in regulating the nonspeech element can justify incidental limitations on First Amendment freedoms". The regulation must
be within the constitutional power of the government to enact,
further an important or substantial government interest,
that interest must be unrelated to the suppression of speech (or "content neutral", as later cases have phrased it), and
prohibit no more speech than is essential to further that interest.
The Court ruled that § 462(b)(3) satisfied this test.[10]
First, the law was, to the Court, unquestionably within the "broad and sweeping" constitutional powers of Congress under Article I to "raise and support armies" by "classify[ing] and conscript[ing] manpower for military service". Under the second prong of the test, the issuance of registration certificates was regarded as a "legitimate and substantial administrative aid" in the functioning of the draft system, as were laws that insured the "continuing availability" of issued draft cards. The Court rejected O'Brien's characterization of the draft cards as nothing more than a superfluous notification of registration. Instead, the cards advanced "the smooth and proper functioning of the system" through functions such as providing proof of registration, facilitating contact between the registrant and draft board, reminding the registrant of the need to notify the board of changes of address, and further preventing fraud or forgery. Third, the registration and raising of troops was unrelated to the suppression of speech. And fourth, the Court saw "no alternative means" by which the government could ensure that draft cards would continue to be available than a law that prohibited their willful destruction.
Both the government's interest and § 462(b)(3), Warren wrote, "are limited to the noncommunicative aspect of O'Brien's conduct. The governmental interest and the scope of the 1965 Amendment are limited to preventing harm to the smooth and efficient functioning of the Selective Service System. When O'Brien deliberately rendered unavailable his registration certificate, he willfully frustrated this governmental interest. For this noncommunicative impact of his conduct, and for nothing else, he was convicted."[11]
Harlan's concurrence[edit]
Justice Harlan, though joining Warren's opinion, wrote a brief separate concurrence.[12] Harlan wished to extend First Amendment protection to instances in which, though the majority's test was satisfied, the regulation at issue additionally had "the effect of entirely preventing a 'speaker' from reaching a significant audience with whom he could not otherwise lawfully communicate". This was adopted in later cases by the Court as an additional prong of the O'Brien test, that the regulation must leave (as phrased in later decisions) "ample alternative channels" of communication. As Harlan felt that O'Brien had other means by which he could communicate his message, he had no problem affirming his conviction.
Douglas's dissent[edit]
Justice Douglas was the sole dissenter.[13] Though he did not express disagreement with the Court's First Amendment analysis, he believed that the asserted government interest was only valid when the nation was in a state of war as declared by Congress (which had not been the case since World War II). Douglas questioned whether a peacetime draft was even constitutional, and wanted to reschedule O'Brien for reargument along with two cases challenging the draft that were denied review by the Court the same day O'Brien was handed down,[14] even though the parties in O'Brien had not presented arguments or briefs on that issue.
Subsequent developments[edit]
Vietnam War protests and developments in the draft[edit]
As the Vietnam War became more unpopular, the draft became more of a focal point for opposition and, despite O'Brien, public protests involving the burning of draft cards proliferated. Though the Court has not revisited this specific issue, the Court ruled for other anti-war protesters very soon after O'Brien in Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District,[15] which involved public school students who were suspended for wearing black armbands, and Cohen v. California, in which a man was convicted for disturbing the peace by wearing a jacket that read "Fuck the Draft" in a state courthouse.[16]
Due in part to increasing domestic opposition, the United States reduced its involvement in Vietnam and completed withdrawal of its forces in 1973; the draft ended the same year. On January 21, 1977, the day after his inauguration, President Jimmy Carter signed Executive Order 11967, which granted a full pardon to anyone who had committed or been convicted of a non-violent violation of the Selective Service Act.[17] This included everyone from draft dodgers to protestors such as O'Brien. The pardon covered all such acts committed between August 4, 1964, the date of the Gulf of Tonkin Incident, and March 28, 1973, the end of American withdrawal.
In 1980, however, Congress reinstated the requirement that young men register with the Selective Service System, but without reinstating an active draft. In 1984, the Supreme Court upheld the registration requirement against a claim that it violated the privilege against self-incrimination.[18] The following year, it upheld the conviction of a man who refused to register despite his argument that this refusal constituted a political protest.[19] As of 2019[update], male citizens (and many male noncitizen residents) between the ages of 18 to 25 are still required to register for preparation should a military draft be reinstated. The same provision in § 462(b)(3) of the Act under which O'Brien was convicted remains law, though destroying draft cards is no longer a common form of protest and recent arrests for that offense are unknown.
Subsequent First Amendment decisions[edit]
For a few years following O'Brien, the decision was primarily cited to by the Court for the proposition that an illicit legislative motive would not render a law unconstitutional.[20] Finally, in 1972, the Court relied in part on O'Brien to invalidate a law that prohibited picketing outside public schools that was not related to a labor dispute. Quoting O'Brien, the Court held that the law "imposes a selective restriction on expressive conduct far 'greater than is essential to the furtherance of [a substantial governmental] interest'".[21]
Two years later, the Court declared in Spence v. Washington that the O'Brien test was "inapplicable" when the asserted government interest "directly related to expression in the context of activity".[22] Spence ruled that a man who displayed an American flag with a peace symbol taped to it was engaging in protected expression; in 1989, the Court similarly upheld the right to burn the American flag as expressive conduct in Texas v. Johnson.[23]
The Court revisited the necessary fit between the important governmental interest and the means to actualize that interest in Clark v. C.C.N.V., 468 U.S. 288 (1984), in which it held that the nexus need merely be reasonable. The Court also merged its doctrine of time-place-manner restrictions and the O'Brien test into an intermediate scrutiny hybrid.
List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 391
Conscription in the United States
Opposition to the Vietnam War
Symbolic speech
^ On the intent behind the amendment, the Court of Appeals wrote, "We would be closing our eyes in the light of the prior law if we did not see on the face of the amendment that it was precisely directed at public as distinguished from private destruction. In other words, a special offense was committed by persons such as the defendant who made a spectacle of their disobedience." O'Brien v. United States, 376 F.2d 538, 541 (1st Cir. 1967).
^ The facts of O'Brien's protest, arrest, and trial are summarized in the Supreme Court's opinion, United States v. O'Brien, 391 U.S. 367, 369-70 (1968).
^ This provision of the Youth Corrections Act was formerly codified at 18 U.S.C. § 5010(b).
^ 376 F.2d at 541. The court's decision was written by Chief Judge Bailey Aldrich, and joined by Judges McEntee and Coffin.
^ Id. at 541-42.
^ Solicitor General Erwin N. Griswold argued the case before the Supreme Court for the United States; he was joined on the brief by Assistant Attorney General Fred M. Vinson, Jr. (the son of the late Chief Justice Fred M. Vinson), Assistant Solicitor General Francis X. Beytagh, Jr., and Dept. of Justice Attorneys Beatrice Rosenberg and Jerome M. Feit. Marvin M. Karpatkin, an attorney for the American Civil Liberties Union, argued for O'Brien.
^ 391 U.S. at 383.
^ 391 U.S. at 376-77.
^ 391 U.S. at 388-89 (Harlan, J., concurring).
^ 391 U.S. at 389-91 (Douglas, J., dissenting).
^ Holmes v. United States, 391 U.S. 936, and Hart v. United States, 391 U.S. 956.
^ Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District, 393 U.S. 503 (1969)
^ Cohen v. California, 403 U.S. 15 (1971).
^ Executive Order 11967 —Relating to violations of the Selective Service Act, August 4, 1964 to March 28, 1973.
^ Selective Service System v. Minnesota Public Interest Research Group, 468 U.S. 841 (1984).
^ Wayte v. United States, 470 U.S. 598 (1985).
^ See, e.g., Palmer v. Thompson, 403 U.S. 217, 224 (1971).
^ Police Dep't of Chicago v. Moseley, 408 U.S. 92, 102 (1972) (internal marks in original).
^ Spence v. Washington, 418 U.S. 405, 415 n.8 (1974).
^ Texas v. Johnson, 491 U.S. 397 (1989).
Fishman, Donald A. (2003). "United States v. O'Brien". In Parker, Richard A. (ed.). Free Speech on Trial: Communication Perspectives on Landmark Supreme Court Decisions. Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press. pp. 130–144. ISBN 978-0-8173-1301-2.
Text of United States v. O'Brien, 391 U.S. 367 (1968) is available from: Findlaw Justia Library of Congress Oyez (oral argument audio)
First Amendment Library entry on United States v. O'Brien; includes list of newspaper and law review articles about the case.
United States First Amendment case law
Establishment Clause
Public displays and
Stone v. Graham (1980)
Marsh v. Chambers (1983)
Lynch v. Donnelly (1984)
Board of Trustees of Scarsdale v. McCreary (1985)
County of Allegheny v. ACLU (1989)
McCreary County v. ACLU of Kentucky (2005)
Van Orden v. Perry (2005)
Pleasant Grove City v. Summum (2009)
Salazar v. Buono (2010)
Town of Greece v. Galloway (2014)
American Legion v. American Humanist Ass'n (2019)
Accommodations and
Corp. of Presiding Bishop v. Amos (1987)
Employment Division v. Smith (1990)
Cutter v. Wilkinson (2005)
Masterpiece Cakeshop v. Colorado Civil Rights Comm'n (2018)
Everson v. Board of Education (1947)
McCollum v. Board of Education (1948)
Walz v. Tax Comm'n of the City of New York (1970)
Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971)
Mueller v. Allen (1983)
Aguilar v. Felton (1985)
Board of Ed. of Kiryas Joel Village School Dist. v. Grumet (1994)
Agostini v. Felton (1997)
Mitchell v. Helms (2000)
Zelman v. Simmons-Harris (2002)
Locke v. Davey (2004)
Arizona Christian Sch. Tuition Org. v. Winn (2011)
Trinity Lutheran Church v. Comer (2017)
Religion in
Zorach v. Clauson (1952)
Engel v. Vitale (1962)
Abington School District v. Schempp (1963)
Epperson v. Arkansas (1968)
Wallace v. Jaffree (1985)
Edwards v. Aguillard (1987)
Westside Community Board of Ed. v. Mergens (1990)
Lee v. Weisman (1992)
Santa Fe Ind. School Dist. v. Doe (2000)
Elk Grove Unif. School Dist. v. Newdow (2004)
Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School Dist. (M.D. Pa. 2005)
Private religious speech
Lamb's Chapel v. Center Moriches Union Free School Dist. (1993)
Capitol Square Review & Advisory Board v. Pinette (1995)
Rosenberger v. Univ. of Virginia (1995)
Good News Club v. Milford Central School (2001)
Internal church affairs
Jones v. Wolf (1979)
Hosanna-Tabor v. EEOC (2012)
McGowan v. Maryland (1961)
Larkin v. Grendel's Den, Inc. (1982)
Estate of Thornton v. Caldor, Inc. (1985)
Free Exercise Clause
Reynolds v. United States (1879)
Davis v. Beason (1890)
Schneider v. New Jersey (1939)
Cantwell v. Connecticut (1940)
Minersville School District v. Gobitis (1940)
Cox v. New Hampshire (1941)
Jamison v. Texas (1943)
Murdock v. Pennsylvania (1943)
United States v. Ballard (1944)
Marsh v. Alabama (1946)
Tucker v. Texas (1946)
Kunz v. New York (1951)
Braunfeld v. Brown (1961)
Torcaso v. Watkins (1961)
Sherbert v. Verner (1963)
Presbyterian Church v. Hull Church (1969)
Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)
McDaniel v. Paty (1978)
Thomas v. Review Bd. of the Indiana Employment Security Div. (1981)
United States v. Lee (1982)
Bob Jones University v. United States (1983)
Bowen v. Roy (1986)
Goldman v. Weinberger (1986)
Texas Monthly, Inc. v. Bullock (1989)
Church of Lukumi Babalu Aye v. City of Hialeah (1993)
City of Boerne v. Flores (1997)
Watchtower Society v. Village of Stratton (2002)
National Institute of Family and Life Advocates v. Becerra (2018)
Freedom of speech (portal)
Sedition and
imminent danger
Alien and Sedition Acts (1798)
Masses Publishing Co. v. Patten (S.D.N.Y. 1917)
Schenck v. United States (1919)
Debs v. United States (1919)
Abrams v. United States (1919)
Gitlow v. New York (1925)
Whitney v. California (1927)
Fiske v. Kansas (1927)
Dennis v. United States (1951)
Communist Party v. Subversive Activities Control Bd. (1955; 1961)
Yates v. United States (1957, clear and present danger)
Bond v. Floyd (1966)
Brandenburg v. Ohio (1969, imminent lawless action)
Hess v. Indiana (1973)
False speech
New York Times Co. v. Sullivan (1964, actual malice)
United States v. Alvarez (2012)
Susan B. Anthony List v. Driehaus (2014)
Fighting words and
the heckler's veto
Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire (1942)
Terminiello v. Chicago (1949)
Feiner v. New York (1951)
Gregory v. Chicago (1969)
Nat'l Socialist Party v. Village of Skokie (1977)
R.A.V. v. City of St. Paul (1992)
Snyder v. Phelps (2011)
Elonis v. United States (2015)
and public forums
Davis v. Massachusetts (1897)
Hague v. CIO (1939)
Thornhill v. Alabama (1940)
Martin v. City of Struthers (1943)
Niemotko v. Maryland (1951)
Edwards v. South Carolina (1963)
Cox v. Louisiana (1965)
Brown v. Louisiana (1966)
Adderley v. Florida (1966)
Carroll v. Town of Princess Anne (1968)
Coates v. City of Cincinnati (1971)
Org. for a Better Austin v. Keefe (1971)
Lloyd Corp. v. Tanner (1972)
Pruneyard Shopping Center v. Robins (1980)
Widmar v. Vincent (1981)
Clark v. Community for Creative Non-Violence (1984)
Forsyth County v. Nationalist Movement (1992)
Schenck v. Pro-Choice Network of Western New York (1997)
Hill v. Colorado (2000)
McCullen v. Coakley (2014)
Packingham v. North Carolina (2017)
Manhattan Community Access Corp. v. Halleck (2019)
Stromberg v. California (1931)
United States v. O'Brien (1968)
Cohen v. California (1971)
Smith v. Goguen (1974)
Texas v. Johnson (1989)
United States v. Eichman (1990)
City of Ladue v. Gilleo (1994)
City of Erie v. Pap's A. M. (2000)
Virginia v. Black (2003)
Compelled speech
West Virginia State Board of Ed. v. Barnette (1943)
Wooley v. Maynard (1977)
USAID v. Alliance for Open Society International, Inc. (2013)
Compelled subsidy
of others' speech
Abood v. Detroit Board of Education (1977)
Communications Workers of America v. Beck (1978)
Keller v. State Bar of California (1990)
Lehnert v. Ferris Faculty Ass'n (1991)
Board of Regents of the Univ. of Wisconsin System v. Southworth (2000)
Johanns v. Livestock Marketing Ass'n (2005)
Davenport v. Washington Education Ass'n (2007)
Locke v. Karass (2008)
Knox v. SEIU, Local 1000 (2012)
Harris v. Quinn (2014)
Friedrichs v. California Teachers Ass'n (2016)
Janus v. AFSCME (2018)
Loyalty oaths
American Communications Ass'n v. Douds (1950)
Garner v. Board of Public Works (1951)
Speiser v. Randall (1958)
Keyishian v. Board of Regents (1967)
Communist Party of Indiana v. Whitcomb (1974)
School speech
West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette (1943)
Tinker v. Des Moines Ind. Community School Dist. (1969, substantial disruption)
Island Trees School District v. Pico (1982)
Bethel School District v. Fraser (1986)
Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier (1988)
Morse v. Frederick (2007)
Rosen v. United States (1896)
United States v. One Book Called Ulysses (S.D.N.Y. 1933)
Kingsley Books, Inc. v. Brown (1957)
Roth v. United States (1957)
One, Inc. v. Olesen (1958)
Smith v. California (1959)
Marcus v. Search Warrant (1961)
MANual Enterprises, Inc. v. Day (1962)
Jacobellis v. Ohio (1964)
Quantity of Books v. Kansas (1964)
Freedman v. Maryland (1965)
Ginzburg v. United States (1966)
Memoirs v. Massachusetts (1966)
Redrup v. New York (1967)
Ginsberg v. New York (1968)
Stanley v. Georgia (1969)
United States v. Thirty-seven Photographs (1971)
Kois v. Wisconsin (1972)
Miller v. California (1973)
Paris Adult Theatre I v. Slaton (1973)
United States v. 12 200-ft. Reels of Film (1973)
Jenkins v. Georgia (1974)
Erznoznik v. City of Jacksonville (1975)
Young v. American Mini Theatres, Inc. (1976)
New York v. Ferber (1982)
American Booksellers Ass'n, Inc. v. Hudnut (7th Cir., 1985)
Renton v. Playtime Theatres, Inc. (1986)
People v. Freeman (Cal. 1988)
Osborne v. Ohio (1990)
United States v. X-Citement Video, Inc. (1994)
Reno v. ACLU (1997)
United States v. Playboy Entertainment Group, Inc. (2000)
Ashcroft v. Free Speech Coalition (2002)
Ashcroft v. ACLU (2002)
Nitke v. Gonzales (S.D.N.Y., 2005)
United States v. Williams (2008)
American Booksellers Foundation for Free Expression v. Strickland (6th Cir., 2009)
United States v. Kilbride (9th Cir., 2009)
United States v. Stevens (2010)
Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Ass'n (2011)
FCC v. Fox Television Stations, Inc. (2012)
Pickering v. Board of Education (1968)
Perry v. Sindermann (1972)
Board of Regents of State Colleges v. Roth (1972)
Mt. Healthy City School Dist. Board of Ed. v. Doyle (1977)
Givhan v. Western Line Consol. School Dist. (1979)
Connick v. Myers (1983)
Rankin v. McPherson (1987)
Waters v. Churchill (1994)
Garcetti v. Ceballos (2006)
Borough of Duryea v. Guarnieri (2011)
Heffernan v. City of Paterson (2016)
Hatch Act
and similar laws
Ex parte Curtis (1882)
United Public Workers v. Mitchell (1947)
U.S. Civil Service Comm'n v. National Ass'n of Letter Carriers (1973)
Broadrick v. Oklahoma (1973)
Licensing and
restriction of speech
Mutual Film Corp. v. Industrial Comm'n of Ohio (1915)
Joseph Burstyn, Inc. v. Wilson (1952)
NAACP v. Button (1963)
Virginia State Pharmacy Bd. v. Virginia Citizens Consumer Council (1976)
Hoffman Estates v. The Flipside, Hoffman Estates, Inc. (1982)
Walker v. Texas Div., Sons of Confederate Veterans (2015)
Matal v. Tam (2017)
Iancu v. Brunetti (2019)
Commercial speech
Valentine v. Chrestensen (1942)
Rowan v. U.S. Post Office Dept. (1970)
Pittsburgh Press Co. v. Pittsburgh Comm'n on Human Relations (1973)
Bigelow v. Virginia (1975)
Bates v. State Bar of Arizona (1977)
Linmark Assoc., Inc. v. Township of Willingboro (1977)
Central Hudson Gas & Electric Corp. v. Public Service Commission (1980)
Consol. Edison Co. v. Public Serv. Comm'n (1980)
Zauderer v. Off. of Disciplinary Counsel of Supreme Court of Ohio (1985)
Pacific Gas & Electric Co. v. Public Utilities Comm'n of California (1986)
Posadas de Puerto Rico Assoc. v. Tourism Co. of Puerto Rico (1986)
San Francisco Arts & Athletics, Inc. v. U.S. Olympic Committee (1987)
Lebron v. National Railroad Passenger Corp. (1995)
Florida Bar v. Went For It, Inc. (1995)
44 Liquormart, Inc. v. Rhode Island (1996)
Lorillard Tobacco Co. v. Reilly (2001)
Sorrell v. IMS Health Inc. (2011)
Campaign finance and
political speech
Buckley v. Valeo (1976)
First National Bank of Boston v. Bellotti (1978)
Citizens Against Rent Control v. City of Berkeley (1981)
Brown v. Socialist Workers '74 Campaign Committee (1982)
Regan v. Taxation with Representation of Washington (1983)
FEC v. National Conservative PAC (1985)
FEC v. Massachusetts Citizens for Life (1986)
Austin v. Michigan Chamber of Commerce (1990)
McIntyre v. Ohio Elections Comm'n (1995)
Colorado Republican Federal Campaign Committee v. FEC (1996)
Nixon v. Shrink Missouri Government PAC (2000)
Republican Party of Minnesota v. White (2002)
McConnell v. FEC (2003)
Randall v. Sorrell (2006)
FEC v. Wisconsin Right to Life, Inc. (2007)
Davis v. FEC (2008)
Citizens United v. FEC (2010)
Arizona Free Enterprise Club's Freedom Club PAC v. Bennett (2011)
American Tradition Partnership v. Bullock (2012)
McCutcheon v. FEC (2014)
Williams-Yulee v. Florida Bar (2015)
Official retaliation
Lozman v. City of Riviera Beach (2018)
Nieves v. Bartlett (2019)
Prior restraints
and censorship
Patterson v. Colorado (1907)
Near v. Minnesota (1931)
Lovell v. City of Griffin (1938)
Hannegan v. Esquire, Inc. (1946)
Lamont v. Postmaster General (1965)
New York Times Co. v. United States (1971)
Miami Herald Publishing Co. v. Tornillo (1974)
Nebraska Press Ass'n v. Stuart (1976)
Landmark Communications, Inc. v. Virginia (1978)
Tory v. Cochran (2005)
Time, Inc. v. Hill (1967)
Cox Broadcasting Corp. v. Cohn (1975)
Florida Star v. B. J. F. (1989)
Taxation and
Grosjean v. American Press Co. (1936)
Branzburg v. Hayes (1972)
Minneapolis Star Tribune Co. v. Commissioner (1983)
Beauharnais v. Illinois (1952)
New York Times Co. v. Sullivan (1964)
Curtis Publishing Co. v. Butts (1967)
Greenbelt Cooperative Publishing Ass'n, Inc. v. Bresler (1970)
Gertz v. Robert Welch, Inc. (1974)
Time, Inc. v. Firestone (1976)
Bose Corp. v. Consumers Union of United States, Inc. (1984)
Dun & Bradstreet, Inc. v. Greenmoss Builders, Inc. (1985)
McDonald v. Smith (1985)
Hustler Magazine v. Falwell (1988)
Harte-Hanks Communications, Inc. v. Connaughton (1989)
Milkovich v. Lorain Journal Co. (1990)
Obsidian Finance Group, LLC v. Cox (9th Cir., 2014)
Red Lion Broadcasting Co. v. FCC (1969)
FCC v. Pacifica Foundation (1978)
Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. v. FCC (1994)
Bartnicki v. Vopper (2001)
Copyrighted materials
Zacchini v. Scripps-Howard Broadcasting Co. (1977)
Harper & Row v. Nation Enterprises (1985)
Eldred v. Ashcroft (2003)
Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee v. McGrath (1951)
Watkins v. United States (1957)
NAACP v. Alabama (1958)
Baggett v. Bullitt (1964)
In re Primus (1978)
Roberts v. United States Jaycees (1984)
Hurley v. Irish-American Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Group of Boston (1995)
Boy Scouts of America v. Dale (2000)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_v._O%27Brien&oldid=903372857"
1968 in United States case law
United States Free Speech Clause case law
United States Supreme Court cases
United States Supreme Court cases of the Warren Court
Draft-card burning
Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2019


text:
using Dapper;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
using System.Data.Common;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Q = Platinum.Data.Tests.Statements.Sql;
using DER = Platinum.Data.ER;
using System;

namespace Platinum.Data.Tests
{
    [TestClass]
    public class DbErrorTest
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Does ExecuteAsync (aka: ExecuteNonQuery) do custom error handling?
        /// </summary>
        [TestMethod]
        public async Task ExecuteAsync()
        {
            try
            {
                DataConnection conn = Db.Connection( "TestDb" );

                await conn.ExecuteAsync( Q.DbError, new { } );

                Assert.Fail( "Expected exception" );
            }
            catch ( ActorException ex )
            {
                Assert.AreEqual( ER.Sql_DbError_ErrorPlain, ex.Message );
                Assert.AreEqual( App.Name, ex.Actor );
                Assert.AreEqual( 1001, ex.Code );
                Assert.AreEqual( 0, ex.Data.Keys.Count );
            }
            catch ( Exception )
            {
                Assert.Fail( "Expected actor exception" );
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Does ExecuteScalarAsync do custom error handling?
        /// </summary>
        [TestMethod]
        public async Task ExecuteScalarAsync()
        {
            try
            {
                DataConnection conn = Db.Connection( "TestDb" );

                await conn.ExecuteScalarAsync<int>( Q.DbError, new { } );

                Assert.Fail( "Expected exception" );
            }
            catch ( ActorException ex )
            {
                Assert.AreEqual( ER.Sql_DbError_ErrorPlain, ex.Message );
                Assert.AreEqual( App.Name, ex.Actor );
                Assert.AreEqual( 1001, ex.Code );
                Assert.AreEqual( 0, ex.Data.Keys.Count );
            }
            catch ( Exception )
            {
                Assert.Fail( "Expected actor exception" );
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Does QueryAsync do custom error handling?
        /// </summary>
        [TestMethod]
        public async Task QueryAsync()
        {
            try
            {
                DataConnection conn = Db.Connection( "TestDb" );

                var rows = await conn.QueryAsync<dynamic>( Q.DbError, new { } );

                Assert.Fail( "Expected exception" );
            }
            catch ( ActorException ex )
            {
                Assert.AreEqual( ER.Sql_DbError_ErrorPlain, ex.Message );
                Assert.AreEqual( App.Name, ex.Actor );
                Assert.AreEqual( 1001, ex.Code );
                Assert.AreEqual( 0, ex.Data.Keys.Count );
            }
            catch ( Exception )
            {
                Assert.Fail( "Expected actor exception" );
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// What if the exception has argument placeholders?
        /// </summary>
        [TestMethod]
        public async Task QueryAsyncWithArgs()
        {
            try
            {
                DataConnection conn = Db.Connection( "TestDb" );

                var rows = await conn.QueryAsync<dynamic>( Q.DbErrorArg, new { } );

                Assert.Fail( "Expected exception" );
            }
            catch ( ActorException ex )
            {
                Assert.AreEqual( ER.Sql_DbErrorArg_ErrorWithArgs, ex.Message );
                Assert.AreEqual( App.Name, ex.Actor );
                Assert.AreEqual( 1002, ex.Code );
                Assert.AreEqual( 2, ex.Data.Keys.Count );
                Assert.AreEqual( "32", ex.Data[ "Arg2" ] );
            }
            catch ( Exception )
            {
                Assert.Fail( "Expected actor exception" );
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// What if the exception isn't declared?
        /// </summary>
        [TestMethod]
        public async Task QueryAsyncMissingError()
        {
            try
            {
                DataConnection conn = Db.Connection( "TestDb" );

                var rows = await conn.QueryAsync<dynamic>( Q.DbErrorMissingError, new { } );

                Assert.Fail( "Expected exception" );
            }
            catch ( ActorException ex )
            {
                Assert.AreEqual( "Sql_DbErrorMissingError_MissingError", ex.Message );
                Assert.AreEqual( 1100, ex.Code );
                Assert.AreEqual( "Platinum.Data.Tests.DataDbException#Impl", ex.Actor );
            }
            catch ( Exception )
            {
                Assert.Fail( "Expected actor exception" );
            }
        }
    }
}


text:
Ameera Butt
To-Do List: What's Happening Around LA this Weekend Dec. 20-23
It's the holiday season so get out your cozy wear, sip a hot chocolate and take in any of the weekend events in Los Angeles! FRIDAY DEC 20 1. Winter Glow Grand Park's Winter Glow returns for its second annual nighttime public art display, offering an immersive experience that will span two county...
KNX 1070/Jon Baird
KNX 1070
Homeless Man Dies Outside of LA City Hall
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Detective Moses Castillo Twitter
Investigators Need Help Finding Family of Victim in Hit-and-Run in South LA
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Riverside Police Dept
Police Searching for Suspect Who Stuffed Bags of Frozen Shrimp in his Pants
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The Riverside Police department is not kidding when it released an exaggerated caricature of a suspect who stole a money bag from the artist in downtown Riverside. On Dec. 5, the caricature artist was working at the Festival of Lights when the suspect approached the victim and asked for a portrait...
Thieves Nabbing Your Packages? This Former NASA Engineer Has an Improved Glitter Bomb Trap
He became a YouTube star when his glitter bomb booby trap became a viral hit. Now former NASA engineer Mark Rober has designed a new and improved version aimed at stopping thieves from grabbing packages this holiday season. He posted video of the new device on his YouTube channel and says it...
Wildfire Risk High Due to Strong Santa Ana Winds
The risk of potential wildfires is up Monday morning as blustery Santa Anta winds continue to blow through Southern California. The National Weather Service has indicated there is a high wind advisory through 10 p.m. Tuesday night. LA Fire spokesman Brian Humphrey tells KNX the fire danger is on...
'Entourage' Star Deflects Q's on #MeToo Allegations, Talks New Stand-Up Career
A KNX In-Depth interview with an 'Entourage' star packed some serious heat Thursday. Jeremy Piven joined In-Depth to discuss his upcoming stand-up debut, past roles, and career. The conversation turned contentious after the actor, best known for his Golden Globe-winning role as viper-Hollywood...
KNX 1070 Handout
Heather Jordan
KNX Hero of the Week Kymberly Hirst
Entering the workforce after graduation can be tough. But it's often harder for a person who has a disability. That's where our KNX Hero of the Week steps in, helping high school students with special needs learn skills for employment. MHS Roasters is a coffee cart that's run by students at...
What's the Phone Number to Call for More Info on 2020 Rose Bowl?
It's only three weeks until Pasadena hosts one of the most well-known events of the year. The 36th Annual Visitors Hotline is ready to answer questions about the New Year's Day event. According to the Pasadena Star-News, hotline staff from the Pasadena Convention & Visitors Bureau will be able...