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19 fascinating people in Louisville in 2019 – plus 3 to keep an eye on
As we look ahead to 2019, keep an eye on these people who could help shape Louisville, the state and our image.
19 fascinating people in Louisville in 2019 – plus 3 to keep an eye on As we look ahead to 2019, keep an eye on these people who could help shape Louisville, the state and our image. Check out this story on courier-journal.com: https://www.courier-journal.com/story/news/local/2018/12/27/louisville-notable-people-watch-2019-politics-business-sports-entertainment/2335312002/
Courier Journal staff Published 6:51 a.m. ET Dec. 27, 2018 | Updated 9:05 a.m. ET Dec. 27, 2018
A pilot completes a heart over the Louisville skyline during the 2018 Thunder Over Louisville air show.(Photo: Matt Stone, Courier Journal)Buy Photo
We saw brutal fights over the state pension system in 2018, wholesale changes in administration and coaching at the University of Louisville, a school shooting and opponents of Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell who delighted in ruining his dinner with his wife.
But 2018 is over, and we're looking ahead to a new and hopefully better year in Kentucky — one in which we get a handle on problems that have plagued us and unite for the common good despite our political differences.
With help from readers, we've picked 19 people (and three bonus people) who we think could help shape Louisville, the state and its image in 2019. The names come from a wide range of fields, from politics and business to sports and Louisville's vibrant arts and entertainment scene. They range from high-profile politicians like Gov. Matt Bevin and U.S. Rep. John Yarmuth, to a middle school principal and a librarian who works closely with immigrants.
Here are our 19 people to watch in 2019 — and three more you might want to keep an eye on.
JULIE RAQUE ADAMS
Republican caucus chair in the Kentucky Senate
WHY: Adams upset longtime caucus chairman Dan Seum, of Louisville, to become the only woman to hold a leadership position in the state Senate.
A generation younger than the 78-year-old Seum, Adams brings strong credentials after having served as chairwoman of the Senate Health & Welfare Committee and on the Louisville Metro Council. She's the first woman on the Senate majority's leadership team since Katie Stine, R-Southgate, retired in 2015.
ADAMS SAYS: "One of the things we haven't done really well with is to have better communication with our districts. … We have a tremendous amount of issues that need to be fixed and we can do it in a bipartisan manner, but we need to show people that Frankfort is not a scary place and we really can get things done."
ABOUT ADAMS: "One of the things I value most about Julie is that she is able to find common ground with everyone. It doesn't matter what it is, once she is able to find some common ground, she's able to really grow and expand on it. … I expect great things not only for Louisville, but the whole state." — Cathe Dykstra, president and CEO of Family Scholar House
More headlines:3 pension reform questions before the Kentucky legislature starts
NEELI BENDAPUDI
President of the University of Louisville
Neeli Bendapudi (Photo: Michael Clevenger/Louisville Courier Journal)
WHY: When Bendapudi joined U of L in May, many Louisville fans and alumni hoped her arrival would mark the end of a turbulent period in the school's history.
Bendapudi's optimism and experience in academia, most recently as provost of the University of Kansas, earned her a warm reception. She spent much of her first six months on the job seeking input from professors, donors and students. She plans to develop a new strategic plan next year, among other initiatives.
She already has made history as the first woman and the first person of color to serve as U of L's permanent president.
BENDAPUDI SAYS: "I came to U of L with the goal of making the university a great place to learn, to work and in which to invest. In the coming year, we will be engaging the entire campus community in a strategic planning process that will set a course for the future and ensure that we can reach our lofty goals. ...Our best days truly lie ahead."
ABOUT BENDAPUDI: "Neeli is a dynamic leader with crystal-clear purpose. While she and her team are addressing needs in the short term, she already has her eyes on the strategic horizon for the University of Louisville. She has made a significant impact in just six months ... and I fully expect her to continue that velocity into 2019 and beyond." — Kelly Hodges, chair of the board of directors for U of L's alumni association
From Bendapudi:Exposing kids to arts education helps them and our community
Governor of Kentucky
Matt Bevin (Photo: Michael Clevenger/Courier Journal)
WHY: Bevin is heading into his re-election year with a feeling of confidence after a teacher's movement failed to curtail Republican supermajorities in the legislature.
The governor's bellicose style fueled his rise in 2015, and he has taken his case on the road by holding a series of forums with constituents across the state. But it's still unclear if he will keep Lt. Gov. Jenean Hampton as his running mate or pick someone new, which would signal a turn in his administration.
BEVIN SAYS: Bevin's office did not respond to a request for a quote.
ABOUT BEVIN: "Obviously 2019 is a big year for the governor simply due to the election calendar. But outside of the election, I would expect to see him continue on his current trajectory. He'll remain focused on economic development and setting Kentucky's financial house in order. I expect him to be more aggressive selling the record-breaking economic development, increased workforce participation and lower unemployment rate that his administration has fostered over the last three years." – Les Fugate, Republican consultant
Recent headlines: Gov. Matt Bevin dares would-be challengers to 'get in' 2019 race
RUSSELL COLEMAN
United States Attorney for the Western District of Kentucky
Russell Coleman (Photo: Coleman provided)
WHY: In office for a year, the former FBI agent and Western Kentucky native is credited with rallying law enforcement to go after major drug suppliers and violent criminals. Coleman's crackdown is expected to intensify in 2019 as his office seeks maximum prison sentences for felons caught with guns, gang members and even small-time dealers who sell drugs that lead to overdoses.
He has helped secure extra prosecutors and federal agents in Paducah to tackle meth's grip on the Purchase and Pennyrile regions. Coleman also has promised justice to the family of slain Bardstown Police Officer Jason Ellis, a priority for 2019.
COLEMAN SAYS: "Every fiber of my body is dedicated to working as one with our local, state and federal partners to be relevant, to have an impact on violent crime and the poison that's being brought into our community. If you are member of a violent gang in Louisville, I would be worried in 2019."
ABOUT COLEMAN: "He was bound and determined to ensure that he could assist with our goal — which is to keep people alive every day — not just for one side of the city, but people all over. This is a high-level official who has stuck to his word to work to bring peace to this community and who has not wavered." — Louisville Metro Police Maj. Billy Hibbs, commander of the Ninth Mobile Division
From November:Federal gun prosecutions skyrocket in Louisville, west Kentucky
JUSTIN CORNWELL
Actor ("Training Day," "We Are Boats," "Empire" and "Chicago P.D.")
Justin Cornwell (Photo: Credit: Maarten de Boer)
WHY: Prior to his big break, Cornwell's acting resume was pretty short and included a few roles in school productions at Crosby Middle School, Eastern High School and the University of Louisville. He moved to Illinois and joined the Chicago Shakespeare Theater, but even then the roles were sparse. Then a big opportunity came his way: the chance to co-star with the late Bill Paxton in the CBS drama "Training Day." The series was canceled after 13 episodes when Paxton died suddenly in 2017. Since that time, Cornwell has steadily worked in the film industry and been home as a guest of the Kentucky Derby Festival.
CORNWELL SAYS: "I'm excited for my upcoming project with Patty Jenkins — the TNT thriller 'I Am the Night.' That project is slated to come out Jan. 28. It was an incredible experience shooting this real-life story and being a part of such an artistic process with that team. (Next year) will also see the premiere of my newest show I star in. It's a supernatural crime drama called 'The InBetween.' "
ABOUT CORNWELL: "I heard great things about Justin prior to working with him and was very glad when it all turned out to be true. It's been an absolute pleasure working and collaborating with Justin on 'The InBetween.' For best results in this biz, it's all about leaving the ego at the door and discovering and creating together. Justin does that brilliantly." — Paul Blackthorne, Academy Award-nominated actor ("Lagaan: Once Upon a Time in India," "Arrow")
More:Actor Ryan Devlin ditches Hollywood to start a forest preschool in Kentucky
RUSSELL COX
President and chief executive officer of Norton Healthcare
Russell Cox (Photo: provided)
WHY: Cox became the top executive at the 14,000-employee health system in January 2017 when many hospitals and health care provider groups were struggling. The headwinds are astounding — cuts in federal reimbursements, the push for value-based care models that mean keeping patients well and out of hospitals, and soaring costs for talent and the latest technical innovations, to name a few.
Norton's numbers, however, are trending in the right direction. During the first half of 2018, it recorded operating income of $46.7 million on revenues of $1.12 billion. That's a nice increase over operating income of $44.6 million on revenues of $1.1 billion during the first half of 2017.
The health system now has 300,000 patients using an online system called MyNortonChart to renew prescriptions, get lab results and communicate with doctors. It's also begun doing Saturday colonoscopies. Extended hours at primary care offices and round-the-clock hours at some immediate care centers is on the horizon.
COX SAYS: "I don't think people hate anything more than waiting … We're trying to do a lot of those things" that make it easier and quicker for people to get the care they need.
ABOUT COX: "Russ brings a combination of vision and a very solid foundation of executive leadership … He knows Norton upside-down and sideways because he's been there for years." – Larry Prybil, professor, University of Kentucky's College of Public Health
Other news:Kentucky grants $1.3 million for health care hub in Louisville
ASIA DURR
Louisville women's basketball senior guard
Asia Durr (Photo: Scott Utterback/C-J )
WHY: Durr is one of the most explosive basketball players in the college game and ranks among the top scorers in Louisville history. She broke a school record by scoring 47 points against Ohio State in the second game of the 2017-18 season before propelling the Cardinals to the Final Four. Now in her senior season, Durr is a contender to be named National Player of the Year and a projected first-round pick in the 2019 WNBA Draft.
DURR SAYS: "I've really embraced that, being the go-to player. I want to be the player where, when the game is on the line, coach draws up the play for me. I'm challenging myself to take that notch up every single night. Playing, and showing everybody, that I could possibly be one of the best players in the country."
ABOUT DURR: "I think she's proven that she can play big on a big stage. ... She's special. She can put the ball in the basket, she makes big shots and she's fun to watch. That's why fans come out to watch us. We've had Angel (McCoughtry), we've had Shoni (Schimmel) and now it's Asia Durr." — Louisville coach Jeff Walz
Read this:Spectacular is the new normal for Louisville women's basketball and Asia Durr
Director of the Kentucky Resources Council
Tom FitzGerald (Photo: File/The CJ)
WHY: FitzGerald has been working in Frankfort for 40 years to stop legislation that could dirty our streams, pollute our air and trash our state. He's also carved out a niche trying to protect property owners from overzealous utility companies he believes trample their rights.
The lawyer who has an expertise in environmental law has come to earn the respect of legislators on both sides of the aisle. And while he used to push for legislation he thought was beneficial to the environment, in recent years he has largely played defense to stop the legislature, with its pro-business bent, from rolling back progressive environmental laws.
FITZGERALD SAYS: "Certainly, the utilities are going to continue their effort to devalue solar energy that is fed onto the grid … and another one of the issues is going to be whether the KentuckyWired project is going to run over landowners' rights in an attempt to get their wires hung. … We can't have a healthy economy if we don't protect the land, the air, the water and the people."
ABOUT FITZGERALD: "I can't imagine how bad Kentucky's environment, public health and utility rates would be without Fitz. Because he can sue if the legislature goes too far, he's earned everyone's respect. That he's so polite doesn't hurt." — Sarah Lynn Cunningham, environmental engineer and president of the Kentucky Conservation Committee
See also: Mayor Greg Fischer: Louisville needs to move forward on equity
DEMETRIUS GRAY
Co-founder and CEO of WeatherCheck
Demetrius Gray (Photo: Courtesy of WeatherCheck)
WHY: Gray is a rising star in Louisville's startup scene. He describes himself as a serial entrepreneur. He previously worked for a roofing company and realized there's big value in providing pinpoint data on where hailstorms have caused damage to roofs.
WeatherCheck created a proprietary algorithm that Gray and investors envision will disrupt the insurance industry. The service allows property owners to get a damage report, so they can file claims.
WeatherCheck will begin lifting off in 2019. Gray and co-founder/chief technology officer Jermaine Watkins are headed to San Francisco to participate in an accelerator program during the first quarter of 2019, where they'll also spend time recruiting more than two dozen people for their technical team. Being a minority-owned company, Gray says, the seed capital of $878,000 trails that of other startups, but with revenues of $4.5 million a year already, people are taking notice.
GRAY SAYS: "What's most exciting is the company…is seen as a potential unicorn (a privately held startup valued at more than $1 billion). We'll be getting the chance to pull back the curtain on our company."
ABOUT GRAY: "Demetrius has several characteristics that will be invaluable as he builds WeatherCheck: He has direct industry experience with property insurance and roofing. He's a great communicator. He's curious and energetic, and he knows how to motivate people. He's also tenacious and hardworking. I ran into him recently outside the WeatherCheck office as he was leaving work, at 9 p.m." — Greg Langdon, entrepreneur and startup mentor
More reading:Drugs, gangs and gunfire: Elite LMPD unit pursues the city's worst
ROBERT GUNN
Principal, W.E.B. DuBois Academy
Robert Gunn, career educator (Photo: JCPS provided)
WHY: As the leader of Jefferson County's newest public school, Gunn has a lot to celebrate. The DuBois Academy, an all-boys school that opened in August with an inaugural sixth-grade class, has received widespread community support. And with a curriculum grounded in African-American history and culture, the school is putting to action the district's pledge to improve racial equity.
The new year will bring several challenges for Gunn. His students, who hail from nearly 70 different elementary schools, will take standardized tests in the spring along with their peers at other district middle schools. When test results are returned next fall, eyes will be on DuBois to see if the district's $2.2 million investment is paying off.
GUNN SAYS: "I tell parents, I'll tell you, I tell everyone: At the end of eighth grade, they're not going to want to leave us, we're not going to want them to leave, and their parents aren't going to want them to leave. So, the push for me is to make sure that we are continuing to be successful, continuing to change the narrative of what it means to be a young male in our community, whether you're a male of color or not, and just forging our own way and our own path."
ABOUT GUNN: He "may just be the most inspirational leader I've come across in quite some time. ... He's just a take-charge leader. And the way he inspires a crowd — you walk away with, 'What can I do to help our youth?' And I just find that extraordinary." — Audwin Helton, president of Spatial Data Integrations, a company that provides geospatial services
From October:DuBois Academy supports its 'young lions' with mentoring program
JENNIFER HANCOCK
President and CEO of Volunteers of America Mid-States
Jennifer Hancock (Photo: Provided)
WHY: Hancock advocates for individuals and families affected by addiction as she leads one of the region's largest and most diverse nonprofits. She has pushed for new approaches to battle the region's addiction crisis, such as mobile needle exchanges and increased availability to the heroin and opioid antidote — including at area drugstores.
In the spring, the agency is expanding addiction treatment with the opening of Freedom House in Manchester for expectant women and mothers and their young children. The VOA also will become the first non-government agency to team with Kentucky Organ Donor Affiliates to register donors throughout the state.
HANCOCK: "We have several high-impact partnerships to announce next year. We will, in the first quarter, announce that we have acquired another nonprofit. It will pair our mission with another to deliver a unique service and retail experience to the community."
ABOUT HANCOCK: "She's a highly skilled leader. She cares passionately about the mission and works hard to be a connector in our community, focused on lifting people up." — Metro Council President David James
From Hancock:Hope for the Holidays brings cheer in tough times - with your help
Jack Harlow (Photo: Scott Utterback/CJ )
WHY: Harlow has been raising eyebrows since he was wandering the halls at Atherton High School, delivering acrobatic raps filled with stellar wordplay and biting humor. He's been predicting big things for himself ever since, and 2019 is when it all happens.
In August, he signed with Atlantic Records and will release an album on the label's Generation Now imprint, which is headed by Atlantic Records talent scout and artist developer DJ Drama. Harlow's reputation has grown exponentially outside the Louisville area, where he's wildly popular, and his trademark curls and knowing smirk are now going nationwide.
HARLOW SAYS: "I plan on challenging myself in every way in 2019. I want to really hone in on my craft and be as good of a writer as I can. I plan on dropping hit records that make people want to dance and go crazy, but also provide something that resonates with them on a personal level."
ABOUT HARLOW: "The world needs to watch out for Jack Harlow in 2019 because everything leading up to this point has been a warm-up. In 2019, Jack will get on fire and it will be almost impossible for anything to cool him down. The flames might actually go to dangerous levels, which is exciting because the music he is preparing to deliver will be nothing less than scorching." — DJ Drama
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GERRON HURT
Winner of Fox's "MasterChef," Season 9
Gerron Hurt (Photo: Scott Utterback/Courier Journal )
WHY: The Louisville native gained national attention when he won the televised competition for home cooks hosted by Gordon Ramsey. He learned his way around a kitchen cooking next to his mother in their Newburg home. His Southern style of cooking ultimately won the high school English teacher $250,000 and the title of Master Chef.
HURT SAYS: "I have plans to make sure that Chef Gerron becomes a heavy-hitting name. In 2019, I plan to launch my website Familyonaplate.com on Jan. 3 and develop an interactive-style restaurant in Nashville, Tennessee. I will also continue traveling the world doing food demonstrations, speaking engagements, guest appearances, hosting dinner parties, leading cooking classes and more. Trust me, 2019 is my year."
ABOUT HURT: "I've watched and experienced life with this man since 2014, so I'm no stranger to what he's truly capable of. He's strong, resilient, hard-working and driven... Gerron is authentic. He not only feeds your stomach but your soul too. In 2019, if you're not watching Chef Gerron, you're missing out. — Brandi Beckman, Hurt's manager and fiancée
Meet Gerron Hurt: Get to know the season nine winner of Fox's 'MasterChef'
SOPHIE MAIER
Immigrant services librarian
Sophie Maier (Photo: provided)
WHY: Based at the Louisville Free Public Library's Iroquois branch, Maier for years has run English conversation clubs and festivals that have acted as a critical bridge between immigrants and their neighbors in a part of Louisville that is home to residents from Cuba to Somalia.
On any given day, Maier might present programs such as a film from Kurdistan, a showcase of music from Burundi or a discussion series. As immigration continues to be a contentious issue in 2019, Maier's plans include growing partnerships with local colleges that bring students for cultural programs and one-on-one conversations with immigrants. The goal is to increase knowledge, context and critical thinking about the issue.
MAIER SAYS: "The hope is that their views will be more informed through those conversations and through that experience of hearing someone's story, such as someone who came from Honduras. If you're talking with a Somali woman who is talking about her desire to be reunited with her children (separated because of immigration restrictions), that's different from hearing a pundit from any side spin it. That's reality, that's what's going on."
ABOUT MAIER: "In 2019 the immigrant story will be in the news, and no one personifies the struggles better than Sophie Maier. She has so many connections throughout the community, all of which help her to connect people who can help other people. Our immigrant population is here, going to school, working and struggling to learn the language and becoming good citizens of the commonwealth. Sophie is helping every step of the way. She is definitely a person who will drive change in Louisville and throughout the state in 2019." — Bill Stone, businessman and volunteer
See also: Why Bonnie Prince Billy is trading his microphone in for a library card
TYLER MCKENZIE
Lead pastor of Northeast Christian Church, also known as the Love The 'Ville Church
Tyler McKenzie (Photo: Northeast Christian Church)
WHY: McKenzie has led a community service effort at Northeast Christian Church and beyond called the Love The 'Ville movement. It started as a day of service, grew into a summer of service and is now a year-round initiative involving thousands of people.
The volunteers help support teachers' needs and fund initiatives at nine partner schools. They also created a mobile summer reading program by converting a trailer into a classroom, allowing them to help kids in the partner schools improve their reading. Love The 'Ville, in partnership with community groups, also provides 150 meals each week to the homeless, sponsors families through Kentucky Refugee Ministries and offers programs in Kentucky's prisons.
In 2019, Love The 'Ville will add partners in western Louisville and focus on mental health partnerships. It also will help other cities create versions of its effort.
MCKENZIE SAYS: "Sometimes I wonder if we like talking about love in our country more than actually doing anything about it. ... What I think should excite folks about the Love The 'Ville movement is that we are doing something about it."
ABOUT MCKENZIE: "Tyler's message for loving all and servant leadership are truly a blessing to this community that should be shared widely and often." — Chris Rutherford, member of Northeast Christian Church and Love The 'Ville volunteer
Read more:Condemned by Vatican, women priests demand place at Catholic altar
THERESA RENO-WEBER
CEO of Metro United Way
Theresa Reno-Weber (Photo: Provided by Theresa Reno-Weber)
WHY: Reno-Weber took over as president and CEO of Metro United Way two years ago on the cusp of the organizations 100th birthday, but since then she's focused her energy on defining the organization for the century ahead. She's worked to overcome Metro United Way's image as a payroll deduction nonprofit that the baby boomers support to creating new ways to reach the next generation, such as mobile donations and go fund me campaigns. Under her leadership the organization raised more than $36 million in 2017 and making Metro United Way's goal of raising a $1 billion in 100 years.
She has a passion for collaboration, and that's evident in the initiatives Metro United Way has pushed in the past two years. The Ready for K Alliance, which facilitates conversation with agencies focused on early childhood education, has seen a 7 percent hike in kindergarten readiness over the past three years.
In 2019, though, Metro United Way will launch United Community, a technology-based platform that's focused on creating a communitywide system where individuals are matched with services based on their needs in health, education and social services. The idea is to simplify referrals, create an open dialogue and find long-term solutions for people and children in need.
RENO-WEBER SAYS: "I'm really excited about getting to action and implementation on a vision of connecting our community in a way that we've talked about for a number of years, and now we're really ready to act on."
ABOUT RENO-WEBER: "I think Theresa brings a collaborative spirit to her role. She is working hard to pull others together to find solutions rather than working in silos." — Elizabeth McKune, vice president of health integration for Passport
From December:JCPS to attack achievement gap with new summer learning program
SADIQA REYNOLDS
CEO of the Louisville Urban League
Sadiqa Reynolds (Photo: Louisville Urban League)
WHY: Reynolds has a vision for revitalizing Louisville's West End. It starts at the corner of 30th Street and Muhammad Ali Boulevard. The Louisville Urban League is developing a $35 million indoor track and sports complex there, and Reynolds is pushing for all funding to be secured for the project by the end of 2019.
REYNOLDS SAYS: "To have this kind of opportunity for impact, I think 2019 is going to be an amazing year."
ABOUT REYNOLDS: "You never forget where you came from. You remember the struggle. You remember how hard it was. And I think that Sadiqa is driven by her own life, what she's seen in her own life and saying, 'We can do this. We can do things for ourselves, but we need help.' Our communities need investment by people who care about us and not just take the money and run." — Betty Bayé, a former Courier Journal columnist and Sadiqa Reynolds' longtime mentor
From Reynolds:Your donation to the Louisville Urban League can change lives
STEVE RITCHIE
CEO of Papa John's International
Steve Ritchie (Photo: Michael Clevenger/Courier Journal)
WHY: Steve Ritchie found himself in the middle of a crisis after Forbes reported in July that Papa John's founder and chairman John Schnatter had used the N-word during a media training conference call. The world's third-largest pizza maker saw a 10 percent drop in sales, the ouster of Schnatter, and, hardest of all, a battle to regain the trust of franchisees and customers.
It's been Ritchie's job to steady the ship, even as company leaders seek out Wall Street investment advisers Lazard and Bank of America to navigate a potential sale or partial takeover. Ritchie has emphasized that reinventing the brand and helping beleaguered franchisees hit hard by the debacle is the core mission.
RITCHIE SAYS: "2019 is probably our most anticipated year ever. We have an opportunity to paint a picture and vision. ... People must remain the No. 1 priority. That's what's going to differentiate the brand."
ABOUT RITCHIE: "He has not just applied makeup to hide the challenges, but he has begun the reconstructive work of education for the team, from top down. ... The transformation is beginning and it must be significant enough to rebuild trust with pizza customers, because at the end of the day, if trust in the brand isn't rebuilt, there will be nothing left. I think Steve can do it." — Sadiqa Reynolds, CEO of the Louisville Urban League
About Steve Ritchie:Papa John's embattled CEO braces for fight: 'Pizza is my life'
SCOTT SATTERFIELD
University of Louisville football coach
Scott Satterfield (Photo: Sam Upshaw Jr./Courier Journal)
WHY: The native of Hillsborough, North Carolina, will try to lead the Louisville football program out of the doldrums. So far he has cleaned house on the coaching staff and brought in some new faces, started work on his first recruiting class and hired a strength coach to lead winter workouts. Can he put together enough improvement to make it show at Cardinal Stadium in 2019?
SATTERFIELD SAYS: "I always want to treat people with respect because I want to be treated with respect. I think I'm going to be who I am, and hopefully we'll have a lot of success. Throughout my whole career, it's been very successful. Not to say there hasn't been any downs — there has been. But I think just be true to who you are. I think that's how you have success, and not try to be somebody else."
ABOUT SATTERFIELD: "He's got Nick Saban's passion to win, but he's got Dabo Swinney's character to do it the right way." — Mark Speir, an assistant coach with Satterfield at Appalachian State and now the head coach at Western Carolina
On Louisville's coach: Scott Satterfield leaves home, and a coaching dream rolls on
KELLIE WATSON
Chief equity officer for Louisville Metro Government
Kellie Watson (Photo: Provided)
WHY: Watson's family was hit by tragedy in 2018 when her father, Maurice Stallard, was one of two African-Americans shot and killed at the Jeffersontown Kroger in what's been charged as a hate crime. But long before, Watson had dedicated herself to diversity, inclusion and equity — lifting up everyone in the city — in work that she said she's always been drawn to.
As the city's first chief equity officer, Watson is tasked with creating a culture of equity throughout Louisville, a priority for Mayor Greg Fischer's administration. In 2019, that work will include continuing to review both city policies and external structures and systems that prevent residents from achieving their full potential. It will also involve a new initiative, Lean Into Louisville, meant to encourage people to come together, gain some understanding of discrimination and divisions within history and create a community where everyone can thrive and be successful together.
WATSON SAYS: "In 2019, the mayor and I have really begun to focus on equity. There'll be some big announcements with some things regarding Lean Into Louisville, which is really a big movement that we're trying to do around looking at the historical impacts of discrimination on the community and the nation, and really trying to make this city a place where everyone can thrive and reach their full potential."
ABOUT WATSON: "Kellie was already a champion for equity, way before the tragedy took place with her dad. … As the saying goes, this makes it kind of personal. And so, I'm sure she's going to do a great job – and I look forward to seeing how our city reacts to all of these initiatives as well." — Mayor Greg Fischer
More reading:40 years a pastor, Louisville's Kevin Cosby still at war with Jim Crow
Peace activist and director of No More Red Dots
Eddie Woods (Photo: By Michael Clevenger, The Courier-Journal)
WHY: Woods has worked for decades to break cycles of violence. A big part of his job is teaching peace and helping people find a better way to live. Louisville's recent spike in homicides and shootings, which broke modern records, underscored the need for such work.
Working with the city's Office for Safe and Healthy Neighborhoods, Woods and his growing team seek to quell retaliatory violence, stopping today's shooting from leading to tomorrow's homicide. He often says he's helping break people from their addiction to "the bang," the sound of the gun. In 2019, backed with city funding, Woods said he's looking to help keep Louisville's homicides trending downward.
WOODS: "You gotta engage the shooter, you gotta engage the guys with the guns. The risk reduction model is basically getting a person to see what they're doing in terms of activities that keeps them in the conditions that they're in and showing them to use protective factors to change their lives."
ABOUT WOODS: "Dr. Woods has devoted his life to the work of saving our young people and eliminating violence from their lives and our neighborhoods. (He) is the real deal. He has seen results in the number of lives he's turned around and who have enrolled in college and careers and who work with him in giving back to our community." — Cheri Bryant Hamilton, long-serving former Louisville Metro Councilwoman
Read this:1 in 5 Louisville kids lives in poverty, and a report says it's holding the city back
JOHN YARMUTH
U.S. representative for Kentucky's 3rd Congressional District
John Yarmuth (Photo: Jeff Faughender/CJ)
WHY: The Bluegrass State's lone Democrat in Washington will chair the House Budget Committee in 2019. It means Louisville and the state will have another national power broker, along with Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell.
Yarmuth has served in Congress for eight years in the minority after a brief stint in the majority. He plans to turn the committee into a forward-thinking forum on a series of issues that impact spending, from climate change and technology to immigration, which could be a major point of contention with the Trump administration.
YARMUTH SAYS: "The kind of thing we're going to be doing in the Budget Committee is going to be unique and unprecedented in the Congress. We're going to have a series of hearings that are going to be future-oriented as to how certain topics are going to affect the U.S. budget both near-term and long-term, and that's what never happens here."
ABOUT YARMUTH: "Yarmuth has stated he wants to seek common ground, especially with his colleagues across the aisle. Also, he will have challenges with his own caucus, which now includes a coalition of liberals, moderates and conservative Democrats. However, we should look for great things from Congressman Yarmuth … he is a sharp and experienced member of Congress." — Dewey Clayton, University of Louisville political science professor
More coverage:John Yarmuth elected chairman of House Budget Committee
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Planned Parenthood free to seek abortion license


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FrontLines Year in Review: Fighting Modern Day Slavery
Posted by FrontLines on Friday, January 11th 2013
This is part of our FrontLines Year in Review series. This originally appeared in FrontLines January/February 2012 issue.
The opportunity was too good to pass up. Shantos was 20 years old when a group of men came to his village in Bangladesh. They promised him a job in India, a little less than $100 for 50 days of work as a mason. He believed them. It was only after leaving home that he realized what was going on. He came back scared and desperate, but wiser, after 28 months in an Indian jail, arrested after he could not produce his passport to a local police officer.
For Sonaly, who was only 16 when she was sold to a brothel, there was no place to come home to.
Fatema, at 22, was locked up in a room and tortured for 14 days before she found the courage to escape.
With USAID's help, Shantos, Sonaly, and Fatema, three victims of human trafficking, have found new lives.
Human trafficking is today the third most profitable crime in the world after illicit drug and arms trafficking, resulting in an estimated $30 billion to $32 billion in profits worldwide each year.
USAID's Actions to Combat Trafficking-in-Persons program works closely with the Government of Bangladesh to help survivors of human trafficking through counseling and life skills training. Photo credit: Winrock International
Since 2005, USAID and the Government of Bangladesh have collaborated to address human trafficking on two fronts: by preventing it and by alleviating the suffering of its victims.
Bangladesh is a major source and transit country for men, women, and children subjected to both forced labor and sex trafficking. Men typically are fraudulently recruited to work overseas, especially to the Middle East and Gulf countries, and are subsequently exploited under conditions of forced labor or debt bondage. Bangladeshi children and women are trafficked for commercial sexual exploitation, domestic servitude, and forced labor.
For the past three years, Bangladesh has been included on the Tier 2 Watch List in the Department of State's Annual Trafficking in Persons (TIP) Report. Under State's tier placement system, rankings are determined based on the extent of a government's actions to combat trafficking: Tier 1 signifies the highest degree of government action, and Tier 3 is the lowest ranking. Countries on the Tier 2 Watch List, like Bangladesh, are those whose governments do not fully comply with the minimum standards of the U.S. Government's Trafficking Victims Protection Act, but are making significant efforts to comply.
Protection and Prosecution
In Bangladesh, USAID's anti-trafficking program is implemented by Winrock International under the Actions to Combat Trafficking-in-Persons program (ACT), a four-year initiative that began in 2009 to reduce trafficking in men, women, and children in that country.
"The ACT program's prevention efforts focus on protection and prosecution. The program works with government institutions to identify and prosecute perpetrators, empower survivors of trafficking and those at risk, provide viable economic alternatives to unsafe internal and cross-border migration, and expand public awareness and prevention efforts to include labor migration abuses and victimization of men," said Habiba Akter, USAID/Bangladesh's human rights and rule of law adviser, who manages the ACT program.
Still, the legal and justice systems need updating. Cases of human trafficking are seldom filed, and perpetrators are rarely sentenced for their crimes. In addition, the existing legal framework on trafficking ignores labor and internal trafficking, and acknowledges only women and children as potential victims. Sometimes law enforcement agencies prefer not to file a trafficking case due to mandated investigation timelines. Out-of-court settlements between perpetrators and victims' families also hinder prosecution.
Since 2009, USAID's ACT program has been working closely with the Government of Bangladesh to develop a comprehensive gender-sensitive, national anti-trafficking law and action plan on trafficking. The draft version of the law, with expected parliamentary passage in January 2012, is endorsed by Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina and her cabinet, an indication that the government is committed to preventing trafficking and punishing those convicted of the crime. An action plan for 2012-2014 is under development, and will guide monitoring to combat human trafficking in the country. [continued]
Read the rest of the article in FrontLines.
USAID's anti-trafficking efforts worldwide
Historic MTV Exit Concert in Myanmar
Ending Human Trafficking is Within Our Reach
If you want an e-mail reminder in your inbox when the latest issue of FrontLines has been posted online, please subscribe.
« FrontLines Year in Review: Children's Saviors on the Front Lines
Public, Private, and Civil Society Partnerships in Action »
Categories: Asia · Cross-Cutting Programs · Democracy and Governance · USAID
Tags: Actions to Combat Trafficking-in-Persons · Anti-trafficking · Bangladesh · Department of State · Frontlines · Human Trafficking · India · Live in Myanmar · Modern Slavery · MTV Exit · Trafficking in persons · Trafficking Victims Protection Act

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Youth wing of the Communist Party USA
Anti-capitalism, anti-American
Aims to "abolish capitalism and establish a socialist society based on common ownership and democratic control, drawing on the ideas of Marx, Engels, and Lenin."
The Young Communist League (YCL) was founded in 1922 as the Young Workers League. Initially the organization recruited thousands of urban, mostly second-generation ethnic radicals who were either children of socialists, or friends of socialists' children. As of 1925, the League claimed a membership of about 4,000. By the early years of the Great Depression, the figure had reached about 10,000.[1] In 1929 the group changed its name to the Young Communist League. Though it serves as the youth wing of the Communist Party USA (CPUSA), YCL is organizationally independent of the latter and determines its own agendas and activities.
In 1943, YCL and CPUSA were temporarily dissolved because then-CPUSA chairman Earl Browder was confident that the wartime unity between the United States and the Soviet Union would continue indefinitely. CPUSA reestablished itself two years later, but YCL did not reemerge until 1984.[2] In the interim, such groups as American Youth for Democracy, the Labor Youth League, and the Young Workers Liberation League filled the void left by YCL.
Today YCL defines itself as a "mass public organization of young people in the United States … dedicated to the revolutionary cause of the working class of our country, the transformation of the United States through mass democratic struggle into a socialist society." Seeking "to abolish capitalism" and establish an economy "based on common ownership and democratic control," the League "draw[s] on the ideas of Marx, Engels, Lenin and others as well as on the experience of socialist countries since 1917." Its priorities are:
to "defend and strengthen public services, the welfare state and [socialized medicine]";
to promote the idea "that everyone has the right to free and inclusive secular education including nursery care, schools, universities, community colleges and adult education centers"; and
to unite "the struggle for socialism" with "the struggle to protect the natural environment, which is being willfully damaged by corporations and capitalist governments in their drive for short-term profit."
The Preamble to YCL's Constitution articulates its members' commitment to "become Communists" who "learn to struggle through studying Marxism-Leninism," a process that equips them to help "eliminat[e] capitalism and the evils that grow out of it—racism, discrimination, sexism, class exploitation, poverty and war." Charging that "capitalists gain their wealth from the labor of others—not from their own work," YCL contends that "the workers who actually create the wealth … should get a fair share" of it. Toward that end, the League aims to "lea[d] the people against big business to socialism."
YCL defines socialism as "the step between capitalism and communism"—a step "that will pave the way for a communist society by setting a foundation of co-operation and sharing of all things in common." Embracing the premise that "fairness is a function of how wealth is distributed," YCL explains: "Under capitalism, workers receive only a small percentage of the wealth that they create. Under socialism, workers receive a larger share. Under communism, workers (all people) will receive everything." Putting it yet another way, YCL states that "socialism is 'from each according to their ability and to each according to their DEEDS,'" whereas "communism is 'from each according to their ability and to each according to their NEEDS.'" (Emphasis in original.)
By YCL's reckoning, the fall of the Soviet Union (which the organization says was a socialist, not communist, entity) occurred because "capitalist countries were able to spend more on the Cold War." "Overall it is very hard for a socialist country to survive with imperial powers breathing down their necks," says YCL.
Describing the regime of Cuba's longtime former president Fidel Castro as a "strong central government" but not a dictatorship, YCL says that "relatively few" Cubans sought to leave their island nation during Castro's rule, and that most of their hardships were a result of America's longstanding "blockade."
YCL has staked out an active role in the American political process, aligning itself with the Democratic Party. In the summer of 2004, for instance, League representatives organized a "YCL Election Summer Program," traveling to swing states in the American Midwest to urge students to vote for the John Kerry–John Edwards presidential ticket. Also in 2004, many YCL members actively helped elect Barack Obama to the U.S. Senate. Four years later, the League was a strong backer of Obama's presidential campaign.
A 2007 report by then-YCL National Coordinator Erica Smiley said: "[E]ven though the ultra-right is in retreat … they still haven't been defeated. As Communists, we have to finish the task of isolating the ultra-right and completely removing them from power—using the Democrats to finish the job."
In 2011, YCL supported the agendas of the Occupy Wall Street movement.
For additional information on YCL, click here.
[1] Mari Jo Buhle et al., Encyclopedia of the American Left (Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1992), pp. 872-3.
[2] Ibid., pp. 874-5.
Leslie Cagan
Sam Marcy
Tanya Reinhart
Quentin Young
Disarm/Global Health Partners (DGHP)
World Festival of Youth and Students (WFYS)
Thomas Merton Center (TMC)
Astorians for Peace and Justice (APJ)
School of the Americas Watch (SOAW)
Voices in the Wilderness (VW)
Green Party of the United States (GPUSA)
GRACE Communications Foundation (GCF) (Formerly: Global Resource Action Center for the Environment)
Traprock Peace Center (TPC)
Code Pink: Women for Peace
American Friends Service Committee (AFSC)
Left Turn (LT)
Occupy Wall Street (OWS)
Environmentalists Against War (EAW)
Democratic Party (DP)
Public Citizen (PC)


Great location to be within easy reach of all things we enjoy to do in Cornwall. Malcom and Margaret are welcoming owners.
Great location to be within easy reach of all things we enjoy to do in Cornwall. Malcom and Margaret are welcoming owners. We will back again I am sure.
The perfect place to explore much of the Pointy End of Cornwall. After a 10,000 mile flight we recharged in this beautiful place.
1½ miles inland from both Carbis Bay and St Ives, peacefully in farmland, a single-storey cottage, semi-detached from the owners' house.
Plenty of outdoor space; own patio and garden area looking on large courtyard with fishpond.
Beyond are the friendly owners' 7 acres of fields with cattle and geese, which you are welcome to wander.
Good-sized living/dining room with ceiling to apex, French windows to courtyard and TV/DVD.
Fitted kitchen (dishwasher, washer-drier, microwave, fridge-freezer, electric cooker); back door.
Two bedrooms - a double plus single bed with en suite shower-room (suite), and a twin.
A very comfortable home-from-home in a quiet location, yet within easy reach of interesting towns, villages and beaches. Carbis Bay: resort village (pub, two shops, supermarket) with big sheltered sandy beach, 1½ miles from St Ives.
On railway (single track branch line to St Ives from main line at St Erth).
All ground floor. Two bedrooms: 1 x twin, 1 x family room double with additional single bed and ensuite shower room. Bathroom with bath, shower over, basin and WC. Kitchen. Sitting room with dining area.


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Career Pathway > Editorial > English > Editorial Today (English)
Editorial Today (English)
Category: Editorial English
In this section, we are presenting our readers/aspirants compilation of selected editorials of national daily viz. The Hindu, The live mint,The Times of India, Hindustan Times, The Economic Times, PIB etc. This section caters the requirement of Civil Services Mains (GS + Essay) , PCS, HAS Mains (GS + Essay) & others essay writing competition.
1.Put a lid on ugly shows of strength
The unpleasantest truth about politics is that misfortunes and tragedies make for fodder in this 'professional' sport of one-upmanship. The death of four people in Sitalkuchi village in West Bengal's Cooch Behar on polling day on April 10 when Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) personnel opened fire on a mob can add 'misunderstanding' to the recipe of political blame-gaming. How trained members of central forces killed – instead of shooting in the air or to injure – locals reportedly trying to snatch their guns will, hopefully, be answered in a report. But the tragic incident is not an anomaly in the larger scheme of things of Bengal polls. Nor is it likely to be the last 'collateral' in an ugly turf war. This is not how elections in any decent democracy are held.
The tu-tu mein-mein of words between defender Trinamool Congress (TMC) and challenger BJP may make for low, risible entertainment. But the other tit-for-tat — or tat-for-tit, it doesn't matter after a point — is grisly, less visible and murderous. Central forces must be now doubly capable of protecting those whom they have been brought in to protect. Political violence is not new in this so-called state of the bhadralok (genteel man). But 'ashol poriborton' must come while polls are underway, if elections are not to be made a byword for terror for Bengal's voters once again.
Cadres from both TMC and BJP have turned this eight-phase election into a banal war for Lebensraum. Politicians on both sides must desist from fuelling this fire, even rhetorically. For, the same cadres will remain in the state long after the battle is lost and won. A lid should be put firmly now on this open show of violence being flaunted as a show of strength, not be put back in a box on May 2 for a later day.
2. Mining Policy: The wrinkles that remain
It ain't over till the fat lady sings. In the case of mining reform, strains of the relevant trill indicating the end of the process would be the clanging of machinery as new mines open up and imports of the very same minerals that lie buried under Indian soil cease. The recent amendments to the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act (MMDRA) do go a long way in removing hurdles in the path of making good on the country's mineral wealth. However, niggles such as unrealistic pricing norms abort local mining and extend dependence on imports, as in the case of bauxite, the raw material for aluminium.
Among other things, the amended MMDRA puts an end to new captive mines that can only be used to feed one specific end-user, and transfers, when a lease changes hands, the assorted clearances that a mine requires to operate to the new lease-holder. Both are immensely useful reforms. Existing captive mines can sell up to 50% of their output to third parties. These reforms are welcome. Some have criticised the carry-over of clearances to new operators on the ground that it does not take into account the changes and their environmental impact since the commencement of mining.
This objection really is not to transfer of clearances when ownership changes but to the absence of periodic renewal of environmental clearances. It would be a good idea to incorporate environmental impact assessment (EIA) as an ongoing process. It would minimise environmental hazards, protect health and lives. It would benefit mining companies as well, averting the sort of penal damages global mining major Vale had to suffer, after the dam storing its iron ore waste burst and killed 270 people in Brazil.
The same principle applies in the case of holding mandatory public hearings in earnest and carrying local communities along. With environmental, social and governance (ESG) factors weighing heavily on allocation decisions of not just small ethical investors but of large institutional capital pools, it will pay to strengthen the relevant legal provisions and make them stick.
3.Our Sputnik moment: India must quickly scale up vaccine manufacturing capacity through advance payments
Russian vaccine Sputnik V is on the verge of getting emergency use approval in India. This development comes in the backdrop of states reverting to lockdowns to cope with India's second wave of coronavirus. This period has also seen a ramp up in vaccination, with a cumulative 104.52 million doses given till Sunday night. To put this data in context, Israel and the US have fully vaccinated about 54% and 22% of their population respectively, while India is at around 1%.
Expanding vaccination coverage is the best and quickest way to limit the pandemic. The government must leverage India's famed vaccine production capability and work to make more vaccines available quickly. Bharat Biotech plans to enhance its production capacity to more than double its monthly output by July. Separately, Indian manufacturers of Sputnik V are likely to increase manufacturing capacity. Avoiding regressive measures like lockdowns, which extract a huge economic cost, depends on the speed with which vaccines can be brought into play. Here, the 2020 experience is worth revisiting.
Time is of the essence in combating a pandemic. Therefore, vaccines need to have their development cycles compressed to minimise damage. The US government launched Operation Warp Speed in May last year to underwrite the financial risks in vaccine development. The $18 billion effort allowed manufacturers to build capacity even before vaccines had received regulatory approval. This shortened the time to kick off vaccination drives. Similarly, the multilateral Covax alliance tied up with Serum Institute through advance payments before the AstraZeneca clinical trials were completed. Covax locked in a price of $3 to $3.15 a dose.
India's large vaccine manufacturing capacity puts us in a unique position as we can fully vaccinate the adult population faster than most countries. Covaxin was a good effort which brought together Bharat Biotech and ICMR. Now, there is a pressing need for government to step on the gas. Upfront investment in manufacturing capacity will allow for smooth rollout of vaccination at a fast clip. The government can lock in both quantity and price for its advance payments, which will allow vaccination to progress in a stable environment. These investments will generate manifold returns through an end to lockdowns and resumption of full economic activity. Not to mention the priceless benefit of an end to the suffering caused by the pandemic.
4.Future shock: India must quickly develop capabilities to respond to cyberattacks
Iran has expressed outrage over a blackout at its underground Natanz atomic facility, which it called an act of nuclear terrorism. Coming just as Iran and the US were beginning to engage in indirect talks over reviving the Iran nuclear deal, the blackout is being attributed to a cyberattack, with the needle of suspicion pointing to Israel. While this could once again raise tensions in the Middle East, the episode also highlights the reality of cyberwarfare today. In fact, with conventional weapons of mass destruction having reached frightening proportions, this has incentivised cyberwarfare which requires fewer resources and can be carried out discreetly.
Cyberwarfare by its very nature is well-suited for grey-zone warfare – where offensive activities are carried out below the threshold of all-out war – and asymmetric attacks. India faces both these classes of threats from the China-Pakistan axis. The Union home ministry recently informed Parliament that cyberattacks rose by almost 300% last year amid the Covid pandemic. Additionally, the Union power ministry has admitted that state sponsored Chinese hacker groups have tried targeting India's critical power infrastructure. One such group called Red Echo is believed to have been behind the Mumbai power outage last year.
Just imagine the chaos that could be caused by a Chinese or Pakistani cyber strike on an Indian nuclear facility. In such a scenario, Delhi must cultivate both defensive and offensive cyberwarfare capabilities. CDS General Bipin Rawat recently revealed that the country is taking steps to counter China's cyberwarfare through risk mitigation strategies, building firewalls and recovery systems, and integrating the three services' cybersecurity resources. But India remains way behind China in this domain. To bridge the difference, New Delhi must work closely with the US and other democracies to quickly upgrade its cyber tech. This is surely another arena where the Quad nations can fruitfully coordinate.
5. Stop public rallies, now
India is in the middle of its most serious public health emergency — more serious and severe than last year, when the coronavirus pandemic first struck. Each day brings in a new record of the number of cases (on Sunday, daily cases crossed 170,000). Each day brings in a new set of alarming figures from some of India's largest, politically sensitive, and economically crucial states. Each day brings in more reports of the impact of the new variants of Sars-Cov-2. And each day brings in tragic stories of human suffering, isolation, even fatalities, devastating for those who have lost their loved ones to Covid-19.
There are only two known ways to beat the pand-emic. The first is vaccination. More vaccines need to be approved (one was on Monday, and not a moment too soon), more demographic groups need to be able to access the vaccine, more data needs to be transparently disclosed, and manufacturing capacities need to be expanded. The second is Covid-19-appropriate behaviour — which either stems from a strong sense of citizen responsibility or government diktats, or both. With enhanced restrictions in key urban centres, the State is now trying to nudge citizen behaviour back to the norms of the past year.
But this will not work out unless India's national leaders — political figures who inspire citizens, who have the power to take life-altering decisions, and who have political organisations at their disposal with unprecedented mass outreach — can credibly communicate the need for social distancing. This credibility is today missing, either because governments have happily allowed mega religious congregations or because political leaders are still — even in the middle of this nightmarish pandemic — addressing hundreds of thousands of people, many of whom are unmasked and jostling for space with each other, in public rallies. To be sure, democracy is a non-negotiable and so is the right of citizens to elect their representatives at regular intervals and the right of political parties to propagate their views. But political communication must happen in ways that don't risk people's lives, and send out a message of complacency and irresponsibility at a time when caution and responsibility needs to be exercised. Lives are at stake. An all-party consensus on reconfiguring the tools of campaigning for the remaining phases of Bengal's polls to make it Covid-19-appropriate is worth considering.


Virgil's works, principally the Bucolics, the Georgics, and above all the Aeneid, were frequently read, translated and rewritten by authors of the French Renaissance. The contributors to this volume show how readers and writers entered into a dialogue with the texts, using them to grapple with such difficult questions as authorial, political and communitarian identities. Rather than simply imitating them, the writers are shown as vibrantly engaging with them, in a "conversation" central to the definition of literature at the time.
In addition to discussing how Virgil influenced questions of identity for such authors as Jean Lemaire de Belges, Joachim du Bellay, Clément Marot, Pierre de Ronsard and Jacques Yver, the volume also offers perspectives on Virgil's French translators, on how French writers made quite different appropriations of Homer and Virgil, and on Virgil's reception in the arts. It provides a fresh understanding and assessment of how, in sixteenth-century France, Virgil and his texts moved beyond earlier allegorical interpretations to enter into the ideas espoused by a new and national literature.
"This is a beautifully produced, illustrated volume in Sarah Kay's ongoing series of monographs and essay collections on medieval and Renaissance French literature and the arts. [...] Lovers of the poet of the three modes will want to ensure that they do not neglect this important contribution to the study of the intertext between Virgil and the art and literature of one of France's most justly celebrated centuries. The volume and series editors are to be congratulated for an achievement that will, we may hope, encourage Virgilians to investigate more closely the literary and artistic treasures of the le moyen français."


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Home > News > Data & Research > Investment Policy Statements Can Protect Advisers from DOL Scrutiny
Data & Research June 21, 2016
Investment Policy Statements Can Protect Advisers from DOL Scrutiny
In the wake of the DOL rulemaking, a financial advisory firm acts at its peril if it overlooks the prudent investor rule, a new research paper says.
By Rebecca Moore
Concerned about conflicts of interest among financial advisers to retirement savers, in April 2016 the Department of Labor (DOL) finalized a rulemaking that imposes Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) fiduciary status on any person who provides "investment advice or recommendations" to retirement savers or retirement plans.
A discussion paper written by Max M. Schanzenbach, from Northwestern University – School of Law, and Robert H. Sitkoff, from Harvard Law School, notes that fiduciary status under ERISA imposes not only a duty of loyalty but also a duty of care. As the DOL acknowledged, a financial adviser to a retirement saver will now be subject to "trust law standards of care" in addition to "undivided loyalty."
According to the authors, the fiduciary standard of care is governed by the "prudent investor rule," which is grounded in modern portfolio theory and requires an overall investment strategy having risk and return objectives reasonably suited to the purpose of the investment account. Under the prudent investor rule, no type or kind of investment is categorically permissible or impermissible. Instead, a fiduciary must evaluate the principal's risk tolerance and investment goals, choose a commensurate level of overall portfolio market risk and expected return, and avoid wasteful diversifiable risk.
Because of the multiplicity of relevant considerations—including the investor's risk preferences, age and health, family status and obligations, and other asset holdings and sources of income—application of the prudent investor rule is specific to an investor's particular circumstances, the paper notes. Accordingly, the rule permits a wide variety of investment techniques, including active investment strategies, provided that the result is an overall portfolio with risk and return objectives reasonably suited to the investor. The rule is principles-based rather than prescriptive.
NEXT: Successfully complying with prudent investor rule
Application of the prudent investor rule to financial advisers to retirement savers creates new litigation risk for those advisers. "In the wake of the DOL rulemaking, therefore, a financial advisory firm acts at its peril if it overlooks the prudent investor rule," the authors write.
However, they contend that compliance with the rule is feasible with the tools already in use by other fiduciaries, such as bank trust departments, that have long been subject to the prudent investor rule. The centerpiece of bank trust department compliance with the prudent investor rule is the "investment policy statement." Such a statement sets forth the individualized investment program created to match the account's purpose and risk tolerance with a diversified portfolio having an appropriate balance of risk and expected return.
The authors point out that an investment policy statement will normally specify the account's risk tolerance" as well as its investment goals and return requirements in light of the particular circumstances of the account. An investment policy statement will also normally specify asset allocation guidelines, and facilitates rebalancing to maintain proper diversification.
Finally, the authors note, an investment policy statement also provides a paper trail in the event of an audit, litigation, or a dispute, and it facilitates selection of an appropriate performance benchmark against which to compare the account's performance.
The discussion paper may be downloaded from here.
Tagged: Advice, DoL, Fiduciary adviser
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What You Need to Know About 403(b)s


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Microb Pathog. 2000 Nov;29(5):267-78.
Perturbation of mitochondrial structure and function plays a central role in Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin-induced apoptosis.
Korostoff J1, Yamaguchi N, Miller M, Kieba I, Lally ET.
Department of Periodontics, Leon Levy Research Center for Oral Biology, University of Pennsylvania, 4010 Locust Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6002, USA. jkorosto@pobox.upenn.edu
Certain pore-forming bacterial toxins, including the leukotoxin (Ltx) produced by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, induce apoptosis in susceptible target cells. Although binding to the target cell surface represents the first step in the initiation of this process, the downstream events leading to toxin-induced apoptotic cell death have not been identified. Perturbation of mitochondrial function has been shown to have a major role in regulating progression of apoptosis initiated by exposure to numerous stimuli. Using Ltx as a model, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether induction of apoptosis by pore-forming toxins follows a similar paradigm. After exposure to Ltx, Epstein-Barr virus transformed B cells (JY cell line) exhibited the classical morphological features of apoptosis including decreased cell size, plasma membrane blebbing, selective alterations in plasma membrane permeability and condensation of nuclear DNA. The morphologic changes were accompanied by swelling of the mitochondria, a decrease in mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Psi(m)), hyperproduction of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs) and release of cytochrome c from the intermembrane space. Subsequently, we detected activation of the c ysteine asp artate-specific prote ases (caspases)-3 and -9, cleavage of the nuclear DNA repair enzyme, poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation. These results indicate that perturbation of mitochondrial structure and function, in concert with activation of specific caspases, initiate the effector phase of Ltx-induced apoptosis.
Copyright 2000 Academic Press.
10.1006/mpat.2000.0390
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/drug effects*
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/physiology
Apoptosis*
Caspases/analysis
Cytochrome c Group/analysis
Cytosol/enzymology
Cytotoxins/pharmacology*
Enzyme Activation
Exotoxins/pharmacology*
Intracellular Membranes/drug effects
Membrane Potentials/drug effects
Mitochondria/drug effects*
Mitochondria/physiology
Mitochondria/ultrastructure
Permeability/drug effects
Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases/analysis
Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases/drug effects
Cytochrome c Group
Cytotoxins
Exotoxins
leukotoxin
DE12305/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/United States


The combined Likud Beytenu party keeps dropping, getting just 33 seats in the latest poll. Yesh Atid, Movement both rise.
The Likud Beytenu party continued to drop in the polls Friday. A survey published by the Hebrew-language daily Yediot Aharonot showed the front-running party getting just 33 seats.
The party was formed by a merger between Likud and Yisrael Beytenu, which have 27 and 15 seats in the current Knesset, respectively.
The poll showed Labor in second place with 17 seats and Habayit Heyehudi (Jewish Home) in third with 12. Shas, Hatnua (Movement), and Yesh Atid followed with 11 seats each.
Political expert Professor Asher Cohen warned Tuesday that the Likud Beytenu merger was a mistake that will cause the parties to lose support to the Jewish Home party. Likud's decision to focus criticism on Jewish Home head Naftali Bennett this week just made things worse, he said.
Likud higher-ups also criticized another coalition party, Shas, with Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu (Likud) stating that Likud would take over the Housing Ministry, currently in Shas' hands, and would succeed in lowering prices as Shas did not. Former Foreign Minister Avigdor Lieberman needled Shas as well, stating that Likud Beytenu would take the Interior Ministry from the party and would do a better job.


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Roger Bresnahan
Catcher / Outfielder / Manager
Born: (1879-06-11)June 11, 1879
Died: December 4, 1944(1944-12-04) (aged 65)
Batted: Right
Threw: Right
MLB debut
August 27, 1897, for the Washington Senators
Last MLB appearance
October 3, 1915, for the Chicago Cubs
MLB statistics
Runs batted in
Managerial record
Winning %
As player
Washington Senators (1897)
Chicago Orphans (1900)
Baltimore Orioles (1901–1902)
New York Giants (1902–1908)
St. Louis Cardinals (1909–1912)
Chicago Cubs (1913–1915)
As manager
Chicago Cubs (1915)
World Series champion (1905)
Member of the National
Baseball Hall of Fame
Election method
Roger Philip Bresnahan (June 11, 1879 – December 4, 1944), nicknamed "The Duke of Tralee", was an American player and manager in Major League Baseball (MLB). As a player, Bresnahan competed in MLB for the Washington Senators (1897), Chicago Orphans (1900), Baltimore Orioles (1901–02), New York Giants (1902–1908), St. Louis Cardinals (1909–1912) and Chicago Cubs (1913–1915). Bresnahan also managed the Cardinals (1909–1912) and Cubs (1915). He was a member of the 1905 World Series champions.
Bresnahan began his MLB career as a pitcher. He also served as an outfielder, before becoming a regular catcher. For his MLB career, Bresnahan had a .279 batting average in 4,480 at bats and a 328–432 managerial win–loss record. Bresnahan popularized the use of protective equipment in baseball by introducing shin guards, to be worn by catchers, in 1907.[1][2] He also developed the first batting helmet.
After retiring as a player, Bresnahan remained active in professional baseball. He owned the minor league Toledo Mud Hens and coached for the Giants and Detroit Tigers. He was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1945 by the Veterans Committee.[3]
Bresnahan was born on June 11, 1879, in Toledo, Ohio. He was the seventh child of Michael and Mary Bresnahan, who had immigrated to the United States from Tralee, Ireland. Bresnahan used to claim that he was also from Tralee, and early in his life, he earned the nickname "The Duke of Tralee".[4]
Bresnahan began playing baseball in grade school, becoming one of the best known sandlot baseball players.[5] He continued to play baseball at Toledo's Central High School.[6]
Early career (1895–1902)
At 16, Bresnahan signed with a semi-professional team from Manistee, Michigan. After he graduated high school, Bresnahan signed with Lima of the Ohio State League, where he played primarily as a pitcher, but also as a catcher in 1895 and 1896.[5][6]
Bresnahan with Toledo, date unknown.
On August 10, 1897, the Washington Senators of the National League (NL) in Major League Baseball (MLB) purchased Bresnahan from Lima. He began his MLB career as a pitcher, throwing a six-hit shutout in his MLB debut against the St. Louis Browns on August 27, 1897, recording three strikeouts and walking two batters.[5][6] He had six hits in 16 at bats (a .375 batting average) and had a 4–0 win–loss record for the 1897 Senators. However, the Senators released Bresnahan after the season over a salary dispute, when he attempted to hold out for more money.[6][7] The Senators offered Bresnahan $2,000 ($65,144 in current dollar terms), but Bresnahan wanted $2,400 ($78,173 in current dollar terms).[8]
Bresnahan played for the Toledo Mud Hens of the Interstate League and the Minneapolis Millers of the Western League in 1898, and the Millers and Buffalo Bisons of the Western League in 1899. Bresnahan appeared in two games at catcher for the Chicago Orphans of the NL in 1900, which served as a tryout.[6][7]
With the formation of the American League (AL) as a competitor to the NL, Bresnahan, among others, jumped to the AL from the NL.[9] John McGraw, manager of the Baltimore Orioles of the AL saw Bresnahan pitch for Chicago, and decided to sign him for the Orioles before the 1901 season. For the Orioles, Bresnahan filled in at catcher behind Wilbert Robinson, and also appeared in the outfield. A faster baserunner than the average catcher, Bresnahan had two inside-the-park home runs on May 30, 1902.[8]
With the Orioles reportedly in significant debt, part-owner John Mahon purchased shares of the team from star players Joe Kelley and John McGraw, who had resigned from the team and signed with the New York Giants of the NL, becoming the majority shareholder. On July 17, 1902, he sold his interest in the Orioles to Andrew Freedman, principal owner of the Giants, and John T. Brush, principal owner of the Cincinnati Reds, also of the NL. That day, Freedman and Brush released Bresnahan, Kelley, Joe McGinnity, Jack Cronin, Cy Seymour, and Dan McGann from their contracts. Brush then signed Kelley and Seymour to the Reds, while Freedman signed McGinnity, Bresnahan, Cronin, Gilbert, and McGann, joining McGraw, his new player-manager, on the Giants.[10][11]
Bresnahan (third from right) with the New York Giants before playing in the 1905 World Series
With Frank Bowerman and Jack Warner established as the Giants' catchers, McGraw played Bresnahan as the center fielder for the Giants.[8] In 1903, Bresnahan batted .350, trailing Honus Wagner's .355 average atop the NL.[8] Bresnahan batted .284 in the 1904 season, playing 96 games in the outfield, ten games at first base, four games at shortstop, and one game apiece at second base and third base, as the Giants were champions of the NL.[12]
Bresnahan shifted to catcher full-time in 1905, as Bowerman became less effective and Warner left the Giants.[6] Christy Mathewson preferred pitching to Bresnahan.[12] Bresnahan caught all five games in the 1905 World Series, including three shutouts by Mathewson, and one shutout thrown by Joe McGinnity.[13] Bresnahan led the Giants with a .313 batting average in the World Series.[13]
Bresnahan had a memory almost as good as [Christy] Mathweson or [Joe] McGinnity. He never had to be told twice. Once we had discovered a weak spot in the opposition and had discussed a plan for attacking it I could depend absolutely on Bresnahan to carry it out. He did not forget. His whole mind was concentrated on winning that particular game and it was rarely that he overlooked anything.
– John McGraw[14]
On Opening Day in 1907, Bresnahan began to experiment with protective gear. Though Negro league catcher Chappie Johnson wore protective gear and Nig Clarke wore similar gear in MLB in 1905, most catchers did not wear any protective equipment at that time.[15] Bresnahan practiced in shin guards that are worn in cricket during spring training, and debuted them on April 11, 1907.[16] Fans, used to seeing catchers play without protective equipment, threw snowballs on the field, and without police at the game, umpire Bill Klem called off the game, with the Giants forfeiting to the Philadelphia Phillies. The press also criticized the use of shin guards. However, other catchers began to adopt Bresnahan's idea.[17] Though Pittsburgh Pirates manager Fred Clarke protested Bresnahan's gear to the league, the protest was denied and the equipment was approved. Bresnahan caught a career-high 138 games in 1908, batting .283 and leading the NL in walks.[17][18]
Bresnahan also developed the first batting helmet. He was hit in the head with a pitch by Andy Coakley of the Cincinnati Reds on June 18, 1907.[17] Bresnahan was unconscious, and a Catholic priest read him his last rites.[17] Bresnahan was hospitalized for ten days, during which time he developed schematics for a plastic batting helmet, though this piece of equipment did not become commonplace until the 1940s.[18] Bresnahan was also the first catcher to wear a padded facemask while catching.[17]
The Giants obtained younger and faster players in 1909; McGraw had Chief Meyers ready to succeed Bresnahan at catcher.[18] Stanley Robison of the St. Louis Cardinals became interested in hiring Bresnahan to be a player-manager. As McGraw did not want to block Bresnahan from the opportunity, the Giants traded Bresnahan to the Cardinals for Red Murray, Bugs Raymond and Admiral Schlei after the 1908 season.[19] Bresnahan led the Cardinals, who won only 49 games in 1908, to 54 wins in 1909 and 63 wins in 1910.[18] Attendance increased from 205,000 fans in 1908 to 299,000 fans in 1909, and 355,000 fans in 1910.[20]
Miller Huggins (left) and Bresnahan with the St. Louis Cardinals
Grateful for the improvement at the box office, Robison signed Bresnahan to a five-year contract to manage the team for a salary of $10,000 per season ($290,821 in current dollar terms), plus ten percent of the club's profits.[6] Robison died in March 1911, and ownership of the team transferred to Helene Hathaway Britton, his niece.[6]
On July 11, 1911, with the Cardinals only three games out of first place, the team was involved in a train wreck while riding the Federal Express from Philadelphia to Boston.[21] Fourteen passengers were killed after the train derailed and plunged down an 18-foot (5.5 m) embankment outside Bridgeport, Connecticut.[21] None of the Cardinals were seriously injured, due to a fortuitous pre-trip change in the location of their Pullman car, requested by Bresnahan. The Cardinals helped remove bodies and rescue the injured.[21]
Bresnahan and Britton feuded publicly in 1912, as the Cardinals fell to sixth place in the NL. The Cardinals fired Bresnahan after the 1912 season due to various arguments Bresnahan had with Britton, including over Bresnahan's desire to sell Miller Huggins to another franchise.[22] Britton cited decreased profits as a sign that Bresnahan was uninterested in the job.[23] Huggins succeeded Bresnahan as Cardinals' manager, as she preferred Huggins' "gentlemanly" manner, as opposed to Bresnahan's rougher personality.[24] Brenahan hired an attorney to obtain the remainder of his salary.[25] He eventually settled the lawsuit against Britton for $20,000 ($561,586 in current dollar terms).[6]
Later career (1913–1931)
Following his termination by the Cardinals, the NL declared Bresnahan a free agent. He signed a three-year contract with the Cubs, receiving $10,000 ($274,175 in current dollar terms) per season with a $25,000 signing bonus ($685,438 in current dollar terms).[6][26] He served as player-manager for the Cubs in 1915, but was released when his batting average slipped.[6] As the rival Federal League collapsed and the Cubs merged with the Chicago Whales of the Federal League, the Cubs decided to replace Bresnahan with Whales manager Joe Tinker.[27]
The Cubs paid Bresnahan for the remaining two years on his contract[28] and aided Bresnahan in purchasing the Toledo Mud Hens, then in the American Association, in 1916.[27][29] The club had moved to Cleveland to block the Federal League from placing a team there, but returned to Toledo under Bresnahan's control.[27] Bresnahan played for the team until 1918, when he announced his retirement.[30] He played for a semi-professional team in 1919,[30] and appeared in five games for the Mud Hens in 1921.[6] Bresnahan worked to add lights to Toledo's stadium, so that they could play night games.[31]
Bresnahan sold the Mud Hens before the 1924 season.[32] McGraw then hired Bresnahan as a coach for the Giants, a position he held from 1925 through 1928. He coached for the Detroit Tigers in 1930 and 1931.[6]
Post-baseball career
During the offseasons, Bresnahan returned to Toledo. He worked as a hotel detective at the Boody House, which he later purchased.[12] Bresnahan lost much of his money in the stock market crash of 1929. He worked as a manual laborer, as a guard at the Toledo Workhouse, and as a salesman for Toledo's Buckeye Brewing Company.[6]
Bresnahan ran for sheriff of Lucas County as a member of the Democratic Party in 1932.[29] He lost, and endorsed the victorious candidate in his reelection bid two years later.[33] Bresnahan ran for county commissioner in 1944, winning the Democratic Party nomination, but losing in the general election by a few hundred votes out of 140,000 votes cast.[6][34]
Bresnahan died of a heart attack at his home in Toledo on December 4, 1944 at the age of 65. He was survived by his wife, Gertrude, and his daughter, Marian.[35] He was buried in Calvary Cemetery in Toledo.[34]
Profile and legacy
Bresnahan tagging out a runner while Christy Mathewson and John McGraw watch in Out at Home, by Fletcher C. Ransom
In 1,446 games, he had a batting average of .279 with 26 home runs and 530 runs batted in in 4,480 at-bats. His overall managerial record was 328–432 (.432). Miller Huggins named Bresnahan the catcher on his all-time team.[36]
Bresnahan stood approximately 5 feet 9 inches (1.75 m).[5] He was described as "highly strung and almost abnormally emotional" by a reporter.[7] Bill James wrote that Bresnahan "was one of those guys that if you were on his team and played hard he was as nice to you as could be, but if you got on his bad side you'd think he was the Breath of Hell."[13]
Bresnahan was known for baiting umpires. He and McGraw were often ejected from games, suspended, and on a few occasions escorted from the field by police.[13] A 1911 directive by NL president Thomas Lynch, compelling umpires to prevent catchers from antagonizing batters with verbal abuse, mentioned only Bresnahan by name.[20]
Bresnahan was elected to the Hall of Fame the year after his death. He had received 47 votes of the 226 electors in the 1936 Hall of Fame balloting, and between 43 and 67 votes each time from 1937 through 1942.[14] In the 1945 balloting, occurring one month after Bresnahan's death, he received 133 votes, still falling short of enshrinement. However, the Permanent Committee noticed the surge in votes and elected him in April 1945.[5]
Regarding his Hall of Fame induction, James has criticized the election, saying that Bresnahan "wandered in the Hall of Fame on a series of miscalculations", and regarding his election, that "the Hall of Fame had, for the first time, selected a player who clearly had no damn business being there".[34]
Bresnahan was mentioned in the 1949 poem "Line-Up for Yesterday" by Ogden Nash:
Baseball Hall of Fame plaque
Battery mate of Christy Mathewson with the New York Giants, he was one of the games most natural players and might have starred at any position. The "Duke of Tralee" was one of the few major league catchers fast enough to be used as a leadoff man
Line-Up for Yesterday
B is for Bresnahan
Back of the plate;
The Cubs were his love,
and McGraw his hate.
— Ogden Nash, Sport magazine (January 1949)[37]
Baseball portal
List of Major League Baseball career stolen bases leaders
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Sanborn, I. E. (April 11, 1915). "Fighting Spirit Makes Catcher of Bresnahan, Once a Pitcher". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. B4. Retrieved March 24, 2012.
In-line citations
^ Suehsdorf, A. D. (1978). The Great American Baseball Scrapbook. Random House. p. 36. ISBN 0-394-50253-1.
^ Appel, Marty (Winter 2011–2012). "A Second Look at Hall of Famer Roger Bresnahan. Memories and Dreams". National Baseball Hall of Fame Official Magazine. 33 (6): 39. A pair of his shin guards is ... part of the Hall of Fame's collection . ...
^ His Hall of Fame plaque states, in part: "He was one of the game's most natural players and might have starred at any position. [He] was one of the few major league catchers fast enough to be used as a leadoff man." Appel, Marty. A Second Look at Hall of Famer Roger Bresnahan. Memories and Dreams (Vol. 33, No. 6; Winter 2011[-2012], p. 39). National Baseball Hall of Fame official magazine.
^ Fleitz, David L. (2004). "Roger Bresnahan". Ghosts in the Gallery at Cooperstown: Sixteen Forgotten Members of the Hall of Fame. Morgan & Company. pp. 32–46. ISBN 0-7864-1749-8.
^ a b c d e Fleitz, Ghosts in the Gallery at Cooperstown, p. 33
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Thomas, Joan M. "Roger Bresnahan". Society for American Baseball Research. Retrieved February 13, 2012.
^ a b c Fleitz, David L. (2009). The Irish in baseball: an early history. McFarland. p. 136. ISBN 978-0786434190. Retrieved February 13, 2012.
^ a b c d Fleitz, Ghosts in the Gallery at Cooperstown, p. 34
^ "War that Crippled National League: Ban Johnson's Campaign Swept Star Players Out of the Old Organization" (PDF). The New York Times. December 7, 1913. Retrieved March 23, 2012.
^ Dewey, Donald; Acocella, Nicholas (2005). Total Ballclubs: The Ultimate Book of Baseball Teams. Sportclassic Books. p. 37. ISBN 1-894963-37-7.
^ "Dan McGann a Suicide – Giants' Former Captain Shoots Him- self in a Hotel at Louisville". The New York Times. December 14, 1910. Retrieved April 3, 2012.
^ a b c Fleitz, Ghosts in the Gallery at Cooperstown, p. 35
^ a b Fleitz, Ghosts in the Gallery at Cooperstown, p. 32
^ James, Bill (1995). Whatever Happened to the Hall of Fame. Simon and Schuster. pp. 41–42. ISBN 0-684-80088-8.
^ Fleitz, Ghosts in the Gallery at Cooperstown, pp. 37–38
^ "Bresnahan's Ambition – Hopes to Reconstruct Cardinals Into a Championship Club". The New York Times. December 15, 1908. p. 7. Retrieved April 3, 2012.
^ a b c Tuesday, July 11 from BaseballLibrary.com
^ "Roger Bresnahan Out as Manager; Officials of St. Louis Nationals Dismiss Leader of Team – Suit May Follow" (PDF). The New York Times. October 22, 1912. Retrieved February 13, 2012.
^ "Roger Didn't Try Hard.; Woman Owner of St. Louis Club Gives Reason for Dropping Bresnahan" (PDF). The New York Times. November 26, 1912. Retrieved February 13, 2012.
^ Koppett, Leonard (2000). The Man in the Dugout: Baseball's Top Managers and How They Got That Way. Temple University Press. p. 84. ISBN 1-56639-745-6. Retrieved April 16, 2012.
^ "Interest Settles on N.L. Meeting". The Milwaukee Sentinel. December 8, 1912. Retrieved February 13, 2012.
^ "Bresnahan to Sign Chicago Contract – Cardinals' Former Manager Agrees Upon Terms with Cubs for Three Years". The New York Times. January 7, 1913. Retrieved April 3, 2012.
^ a b c "Baseball Magnates Still Chasing the Elusive Bird of Peace at Gotham Confab". Youngstown Vindicator. December 18, 1915. Retrieved April 3, 2012.
^ "Weeghman is Now Formal Owner". The Day. January 21, 1916. Retrieved April 3, 2012.
^ a b "Roger Bresnahan Runs For Sheriff: Former Mud Hens Owner Enters Democratic Lists". The Toledo News-Bee. January 23, 1932. Retrieved April 3, 2012.
^ a b "Bresnahan Drops Again". St. Joseph News-Press. July 11, 1919. Retrieved April 3, 2012.
^ "Roger Says Twilight Ball For Toledo". The Milwaukee Journal. June 22, 1919. Retrieved April 3, 2012.
^ "J.D. O'Brien Buys Toledo Ball Club – Former Secretary of Giants Obtains Controlling Interest From Roger Bresnahan". The New York Times. January 21, 1924. Retrieved April 3, 2012. (subscription required)
^ "Five Former Foes Backing O'Reilly". The Toledo News-Bee. June 8, 1934. Retrieved April 3, 2012.
^ "Gertrude Bresnahan, Widow of Baseball Star, Catcher Roger Bresnahan". Toledo Blade. January 20, 1968. p. 11. Retrieved June 19, 2012.
^ "Miller Huggins Selects All-Time Baseball Club". The Pittsburgh Press. February 5, 1929. p. 19. Retrieved June 15, 2012.
^ "Baseball Almanac". Retrieved January 23, 2008.
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