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Justia › US Law › Case Law › Nebraska Case Law › Nebraska Supreme Court Decisions › 1956 › Peterson v. Vasak
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Peterson v. Vasak
76 N.W.2d 420 (1956)
162 Neb. 498
Lloyd M. PETERSON, Appellant, v. Gerald M. VASAK et al., Appellees, Floyd Paynter et al., Interveners-Appellees.
No. 33927.
Supreme Court of Nebraska.
*422 Arthur J. Whalen, Omaha, for appellant.
Edward F. Fogarty, Bernard E. Vinardi, Neal H. Hilmes, Omaha, for appellee Vasak.
Frost, Peasinger, Myers & Farnham, Omaha, for appellee Paynter.
Heard before SIMMONS, C. J., and CARTER, MESSMORE, YEAGER, CHAPPELL, WENKE and BOSLAUGH, JJ.
BOSLAUGH, Justice.
The subject of this controversy is an application of appellant to the building department of the city of Omaha for a certificate of occupancy authorizing him to improve real estate in the 1st residence district as designated by the zoning ordinance of the city for residential purposes. The description of the land involved is the north 169 feet of Block 10, Ridgewood Addition, in Douglas County. It is outside of but within 3 miles of the city and is unimproved. An ordinance of the city prohibits vacant land within the reach of the ordinance to be occupied or used or a building to be erected thereon until a certificate of occupancy is issued by the building department.
Appellant bound himself to purchase the land from the owner thereof subject however to the ability of appellant to secure a certificate of occupancy, hereafter designated a certificate, permitting him to erect a house of not less than 12,000 square feet upon the premises. He applied to the building department of the city for a certificate in manner and form as the ordinance required. The application was rejected and a certificate was denied him. He timely and in legal manner prosecuted an appeal from the refusal and denial of the building department to the board of appeals of the city. Section 14-410, R.R.S.1943; Roncka v. Fogarty, 152 Neb. 467, 41 N.W.2d 745. The board heard the matter and approved the action and decision of the building department. Appellant within the time granted by law filed a petition in the district court setting forth that the decision of the board of appeals was illegal because it or the city had no authority over building beyond the limits of the city; that the real estate was not within the provisions of the zoning ordinance; that the land was owned by the vendor, who had contracted to sell and convey it to appellant, prior to the passage of the ordinance; that the land was prior to the time the ordinance was passed owned of record by Adah E. Ward and had been since in the same and identical situation, location, and condition; that the refusal to issue a certificate sought by him was the taking of property without compensation, contrary to the Constitution of Nebraska; that section 14-418, R.R.S.1943, attempts *423 to confer upon the city power to regulate all building within 3 miles of its limits; that the statute is unconstitutional; and that it violates the provisions of the Constitution of Nebraska that no bill shall contain more than one subject and the same shall be clearly expressed in the title. Appellant implored the district court to decree that the action of the building department was illegal and that it be required to issue to him a certificate for the erection of a dwelling on the real estate.
The members of the board of appeals and the chief engineer of the building department were named by appellant as defendants in the district court. They by answer admitted that appellant had made application for a certificate for the premises; that it was refused by the building department and the board of appeals; and that the action of the former and the decision of the latter were each reasonable and in accordance with the charter and ordinances of the city. The owners of real property adjacent to or near the real estate concerned in these proceedings intervened and asserted that appellant did not not have a valid contract for the purchase of the real estate for which he sought a certificate; that his application was denied because said real estate had less than 20,000 square feet as the ordinance required; that the building appellant proposed to construct thereon did not and could not conform to the setback requirements of the ordinance; and that the decision of the board of appeals was regular, legal, and a valid exercise of the authority vested in it. The district court found that it had not been shown that the board of appeals acted illegally in sustaining the action of the building department in refusing to issue the certificate sought by appellant and it rendered a judgment of dismissal of the cause. The defendants and intervenors will be collectively spoken of herein as appellees.
The property for which appellant seeks a certificate is without the city of Omaha but it is within 3 miles of the limits of the city. Appellant asserts that the part of the act of the Legislature intended to authorize the city to restrict the use of the property concerned in this case is invalid. The act referred to was passed in 1925. Laws 1925, c. 45, p. 178; sections 14-401 through 14-418, R.R.S.1943. The section of the act upon which the authority of the city to zone the property involved in this cause rests provides that the powers granted by the act may be exercised over all territory not over 3 miles beyond the limits of the city. Laws 1925, c. 45, section 12, p. 186; section 14-418, R.R.S.1943. The specific claim of invalidity of this part of the act is that the subject matter thereof had no proper designation or suggestion in the title of the bill and that it contained more than one subject when it was passed and therefore violated the constitutional prohibition that no bill shall contain more than one subject and the same shall be clearly expressed in the title. Art. III, section 14, Constitution of Nebraska.
If the hypothesis of appellant in this respect is correct the ordinance of the city cannot limit or restrain the use of the property. A city is a political subdivision of the state, created as a convenient agency for the exercise of such governmental powers of the state as may be entrusted to it by constitutional provision or legislative act. Interstate Power Co. v. City of Ainsworth, 125 Neb. 419, 250 N.W. 649; Hanson v. City of Omaha, 157 Neb. 403, 59 N.W.2d 622, supplemental opinion, 157 Neb. 768, 61 N.W.2d 556; State v. Kubik, 159 Neb. 509, 67 N.W.2d 755. A municipality has no inherent power to enact a zoning ordinance. The power to do so results from statutory or constitutional authorization. The governmental authority known as the police power is inherently an attribute of state sovereignty and belongs to subordinate governmental divisions when and as conferred by the state either through its Constitution or by valid legislation. Pettis v. Alpha Alpha Chapter of Phi Beta Pi, 115 Neb. 525, 213 N.W. 835; City of Omaha v. Glissmann, 151 Neb. 895, 39 N.W.2d 828; Clements v. McCabe, 210 Mich. 207, 177 N.W. 722; Krajenke Buick Sales v. Hamtramck City Engineer, 322 Mich. 250, 33 N.W.2d 781; Annotations, 86 A.L.R. 659, 117 A.L.R. 1117; 58 Am.Jur., Zoning, § *424 7, p. 943; 37 Am.Jur., Municipal Corporations, § 277, p. 902.
The statute to which the objection of appellant is made was passed in 1925. The title did not mention the subject matter of the section assailed. In 1943 the act without the title was a part of the authorized revision of the statutes of the state. The revision was legally adopted by an act of the Legislature. This fact prevents any reference to or consideration of the title of the original bill in a present determination of the constitutionality of the act. In McGraw Electric Co. v. Lewis & Smith Drug Co., Inc., 159 Neb. 703, 68 N.W.2d 608, 610, it is said: "If an act as originally passed was unconstitutional because it contained matter different from that expressed in the title, or referred to more than one subject matter, it becomes valid law, if otherwise constitutional, on adoption by the Legislature and incorporation into a general revision without reference to title as originally enacted."
Appellant is barred by his acts from asserting that the statute referred to above or any part of it is invalid. The ordinance of the city could have no effectiveness or validity in the absence of the statute. Appellant has invoked the provisions of the ordinance in these proceedings and by his solicitation of this court to order the city to issue the permit he seeks to erect a dwelling on the land. A litigant who invokes the provisions of a statute may not challenge its validity. He may not seek the benefit of it and at the same time question its constitutionality. State ex rel. Sorensen v. Southern Nebraska Power Co., 131 Neb. 472, 268 N.W. 284; Federal Farm Mortgage Corp. v. Hughes, 137 Neb. 454, 289 N.W. 866; Fremont Joint Stock Land Bank v. Morse, 137 Neb. 659, 290 N.W. 907; Lackaff v. Department of Roads & Irrigation, 153 Neb. 217, 43 N.W.2d 576.
The land with which this cause is concerned is generally triangular in shape. The width of it at its south boundary is 141 feet. Each of its side lines is 169 feet and they converge at the north of the tract not in a point but in a rounded portion which forms a circular terminus with a 14-foot 6-inch radius where Loveland Drive, which is west of the land, and Ridgewood Avenue, which is east thereof, merge and form an intersection, the south part of which is adjacent to the north part of the land. Immediately south and adjoining it is a residential property.
The parties disagree as to whether or not the land involved herein is a lot within the meaning of the ordinance. The relevant part of the definition of a lot as stated therein is: "Land occupied or to be occupied by a building and its accessory buildings together with such open spaces as are required under this ordinance and having its principal frontage upon a public street or officially approved place." The land is not a platted lot but it is the remainder of a platted block after the other parts of the block were sold and conveyed during or before August 1939. Appellees say that a lot within the meaning of the ordinance means a platted lot. This is contrary to its terms. Its language is that a lot is land occupied or to be occupied by a building with open spaces required by the ordinance and with the principal frontage upon a public street or officially approved place. The location concerned in these proceedings is land substantially surrounded by public streets and it is all open space. Whether or not a residence building can be constructed on it with the open spaces required by the ordinance is a problem presented by this cause. The words of a municipal zoning ordinance are interpreted according to their natural import in common and accepted usage. Commissioners of Public Works v. Cities Service Oil Co., 308 Mass. 349, 32 N.E.2d 277; Foster v. Mayor of City of Beverly, 315 Mass. 567, 53 N.E.2d 693, 151 A.L.R. 737; City of St. Paul v. Haugbro, 93 Minn. 59, 100 N.W. 470, 66 L.R.A. 441, 106 Am.St.Rep. 427, 2 Ann.Cas. 580; 37 Am.Jur., Municipal Corporations, § 187, p. 826. The ordinance was not intended to be restricted in its operation to land that had been formally platted as a lot or lots.
*425 The ordinance requires a minimum lot area of 20,000 square feet per family except a lot having less than the minimum area of record at the time of the effective date of the ordinance may be occupied by a single family dwelling if all the applicable yard regulations are observed. The land concerned in this cause has existed in all respects as it is now since August 1939. It is and has been owned by and of record in the name of Adah E. Ward subject only to the contract for the sale of it to appellant. The ordinance became effective March 1, 1945. The area of the land is 13,619 square feet. Appellant desires and seeks permission to build thereon a single-family dwelling. It is clear therefore that if appellant can comply with applicable yard requirements he should be issued a certificate allowing him to occupy this land by a single-family dwelling. The regulations of the ordinance in this respect are generally that there should be a front yard with a minimum depth of 75 feet, a rear yard of not less than 25 feet, and "* * * there shall be a side yard of not less than 25 feet in width on each side of the building; Provided, However, that a lot having a width of 110 feet, or less, and of record at the time of the effective date of (the) Ordinance * * *, there shall be a side yard on each side of the building equal to not less than 15 per cent of the average width of the lot, but in no case less than ten feet." The part of the quoted provision following the semicolon has no relevancy to this cause.
The record exhibits a drawing by an architect depicting an area of the land 63 feet wide at the south, 63 feet in length from south to north, and 21 feet wide at the north. It is 75 feet from the north terminus of the land to the north line of the area, 25 feet from its east line to the east property line, 25 feet from its west line to the west property line of the land, and 35 feet from the south line of the area to the south line of the land. The drawing shows the floor plan for a single-family dwelling and a garage within the area depicted on the drawing and described above.
Appellees argue that if the north terminus of the land in question is considered its north boundary it does not have its principal frontage upon a street or an officially approved place; that the rounded portion of the triangular tract of land though it is bounded by an intersection of streets cannot be said to be fronting on a street or an officially approved place; neither can it be considered the principal frontage since either side of the land is greater in length than the portion of the land at its north terminus. This argument is not convincing. The front of the property or the principal frontage thereof is not required to be the north part of it. The principal frontage spoken of in the ordinance is related to the land and has no application to the front of any building placed thereon. The ordinance speaks of the land to be occupied by a building "having its principal frontage upon a public street or officially approved place." The land has all of its frontage on streets or an intersection of streets, except the south boundary. This property has an east frontage on Ridgewood Avenue of 169 feet and a west frontage of equal distance on Loveland Drive. It has principal frontage on two streets. The ordinance recognizes that the provision concerning principal frontage of a lot has no relation to the front of a building thereon by the provision of the ordinance, in another connection, that the front yard shall be adjacent to the street upon which the front of the building faces. The ordinance makes no requirement that the front of the building shall face the principal street frontage of the lot.
It is insisted by appellees that the land is on the intersection of two streets and is therefore a corner lot; that the requirements of the ordinance are applicable thereto that when a corner lot is used for residence purposes, without regard to the way the dwelling faces, one street side yard shall comply with the front yard setback requirements of the district and the other street side yard shall be not less than one-half of the front requirement for residences fronting upon such street; that one street *426 side yard would have to be not less than 37½ feet; and that it is impossible for appellant to satisfy this requirement. The foregoing is contrary to what was produced at the trial. The record was made by the appellees to say that the land involved in this cause is not strictly a corner lot but that it is a sort of hybrid; that the ordinance was written with an eye to lots of regular shape and that is quadrilateral and not triangular; that the situation presented by this lot is a typical one for which the law provides a board of appeals to treat the peculiar problems that arise on a lot which is not quadrilateral; and that it is proper to have equal side yards in a case like this. The ordinance does not describe or define a corner lot. It is a permissible conclusion that the land is not, within the meaning of the provisions of the ordinance, a corner lot.
If the limitations and requirements of the ordinance are applicable to the land involved and have the effect ascribed to them by appellees, the land is rendered by the ordinance unusable, is deprived of any practical economic use, and has no value. Appellees do not dispute this result but they comment "* * * that the situation is not very pleasant * * *"; that Adah E. Ward, the vendor of appellant, owned this and other land in the block; that she sold and conveyed all of it but the land involved in this cause which she retained for speculative purposes; that she thereby caused the situation; and that neither she nor her vendee has any escape from the disaster. This is not quite the situation. This land was separated from the other land in 1939. It was then owned of record by Adah E. Ward and has since been in identical condition and ownership, except for the contract of sale. The ordinance became effective March 1, 1945. The predecessor in title of appellant did not take and hold the title with notice, constructive or otherwise, that an ordinance would be passed thereafter that would render her land without value or use. It may not be said that appellant or his predecessor in title acquired a tract of land and thereafter made such use of a part thereof as left the remainder unavailable for economic use under the then effective zoning ordinance. Appellant and his vendor, as the situation now exists, are deprived of any practical use or value of the land. This is an unnecessary hardship, not of their making, and the deprivation does not bring to other properties a commensurate advantage. It does not necessarily follow that the ordinance should be for that reason adjudged invalid. The statute makes provision for appropriate relief in such a specific case. Section 14-411, R.R.S.1943. Permission for the proposed use of the land will not be contrary to the public interest or welfare. It will be in harmony with the intent of the ordinance and it will not alter the essential character of the neighborhood. The record is not made to proclaim that the value of the other property will be prejudiced by the proposed use of the land or that the rights or interests of other persons will be injuriously affected.
The criterion of unnecessary hardship is that the use restriction, viewing the property in the setting of its environment, is so unreasonable as to constitute an arbitrary and capricious interference with the basic right of private property; or that there is convincing proof that it is impossible to use the property for a conforming purpose; or that there are factors sufficient to constitute such a hardship that would in effect deprive the owner of his property without compensation. An unnecessary hardship exists when all the relevant factors taken together convince that the plight of the location concerned is unique in that it cannot be put to a conforming use because of the limitations imposed upon the property by reason of its classification in a specific zone. Annotation, 168 A.L.R. 13; 58 Am. Jur., Zoning, § 203, p. 1050.
The purpose of a provision authorizing the granting of relief in a specific case of hardship is to permit the amelioration of the rigors of necessarily general regulations by eliminating the necessity of a slavish adherence to the precise letter of the limitations where in a given case little or no good on the one side and undue hardship on the other would result from a literal *427 enforcement and to protect the ordinance against attack on the ground of unreasonable interference with private rights. Lee v. Board of Adjustment, 226 N.C. 107, 37 S.E.2d 128, 168 L.R.A. 1; Annotation, 168 A.L.R. 13.
Schaible v. Board of Adjustment, 134 N.J.Law 473, 49 A.2d 50, 52, was concerned with the situation that the owners of real estate made application for and were refused a permit under a zoning ordinance to construct a building on their premises for office and storage purposes to be used in the conduct of their business. The real estate without the permit was unusable, had no practical economic use, and was substantially without value. The refusal of the permit by the board of adjustment was determined by the court to have been arbitrary and capricious and it directed that a permit be issued to the applicants. The opinion of the court contains the following: "Prosecutors acquired title to the property on January 6, 1945, for the purpose of doing that which they now ask permission to do. They took with constructive knowledge of the ordinance restrictions as amended in 1936, but their predecessors in title who acquired the rear lands in 1926 did not so take. It may not be said that prosecutors, or any of their predecessors in title, acquired a tract of land and thereafter made such use of a part thereof as left the remainder unavailable for economic use under the then effective zoning ordinance. * * * It is prosecutors' contention that the zoning provisions enacted in November of 1936 so restrict the lands as to amount to a practical confiscation. * * * As things now are, prosecutors are deprived of any practical economic use of their propertyan unnecessary hardship because the deprivation does not bring to other properties a commensurate advantage. It does not necessarily follow that the ordinance is, for that reason, void. Provision is made for such a specific case by R.S. 40:55-39, subd. d, N.J.S.A. * * *. That authority is discretionary, but the Board sits in quasi judicial capacity and its acts or omissions are subject to review when they so violate the demands of right and justice as to constitute an abuse of discretion. Brandon v. Board of Com'rs of Town of Montclair, 124 N.J.L. 135, 11 A.2d 304, affirmed 125 N.J. L. 367, 15 A.2d 598. We think that the moving of prosecutors' business a distance of 200 feet to a structure built in accordance with the submitted plans and to be used as forecasted by the proofs will not be contrary to the public interest and will not seriously impair the pleasurable and profitable use of the neighborhood residence properties; that, on the contrary, owing to the special conditions, a literal enforcement of the provisions of the ordinance will result in unnecessary hardship and that the spirit of the ordinance will be observed and substantial justice done by allowing the variance."
The circumstances of this case showing a deprivation of the value and use of valuable real property establish a specific instance of unnecessary hardship within the meaning of the statute. Section 14-411, R.R.S.1943.
The appeal in this court is tried de novo upon the record. This court must reach an independent conclusion. The board of appeals is vested with discretion in the disposition of matters within its province to decide but the acts of the board are in their nature judicial and they are subject to review and reversal when they constitute an abuse of discretion and are arbitrary. Section 14-414, R.R.S.1943; Roncka v. Fogarty, supra; Schaible v. Board of Adjustment, supra; Lee v. Board of Adjustment, supra; 58 Am.Jur., Zoning, § 229, p. 1061. The action of the board of appeals in this case was an abuse of discretion, arbitrary, and illegal.
The judgment should be and it is reversed and the cause is remanded with directions to the district court for Douglas County to render a judgment reversing the decision of the board of appeals of the city of Omaha in this cause and ordering it to grant and issue to appellant a certificate of occupancy of the land involved herein, authorizing appellant to construct a single-family dwelling on the part of the land designated on the drawing of the architect in evidence in this cause as exhibit 3 and *428 described thereon as 63 feet wide at the south, 63 feet long from south to north, and 21 feet wide at the north, except, if appellant desires, he may construct the south part of the dwelling 25 feet north of the south boundary line of the land instead of 35 feet north of said boundary line as it is indicated on the drawing.
Reversed and remanded with directions.
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8 Best Coffee Shops in Palm Beach and West Palm Beach
ByMark Updated on September 20, 2022 Reading Time: 7 minutes
If you're looking for the perfect java jumpstart, look no further than the Palm Beaches' vibrant coffee shops. Whether you need to fine-tune your focus or elevate your energy, the area is brimming with a wide assortment of shops to explore and enjoy. Whether your tastes lean toward a classic cuppa or an artisan brew, you'll find it here. We recommend eight popular coffee shops for that invigorating high-octane boost.
1. Chik Monk Coffee
Image courtesy of Chik Monk Coffee
Neighborhood: Palm Beach
Address: 139 N. County Road, #12, Palm Beach, FL 33480
Best For: Authentic specialty coffee grown in India
If you're looking for specialty coffee that's sustainably grown in India, pop into Chik Monk Coffee Shop. The cozy shop, managed by husband and wife team Nandini Jaysaprasad and Devid Beil, serves award-winning coffee that has pleasantly low acidity and a smooth taste. Beans grown at high, shady altitudes produce their coffee's unique, enticing hints of citrus and spice.
Chik Monk sources its superb coffee from their family estates, and it's roasted locally every week by an elite roaster. It can hold its own next to some of the best restaurants in Palm Beach. Can't drop by the café for coffee in Palm Beach? Don't panic! You can make sure you're still only a mug away from Chik Monk coffee by buying it from their convenient online store.
2. Hive Bakery and Café
Image courtesy of Hive Bakery and Café
Neighborhood: West Palm Beach
Address: 1603 S. Dixie Hwy., West Palm Beach, FL 33401
Best For: Decadently delicious baked goods
It's no wonder that the Hive Bakery and Café is located near the Norton Museum – its pastries are works of art! Casually high-end, the brightly lit café boasts utmost attention to detail, from its buoyant lime green accents to its meticulously crafted sweets. We dare you to keep your eyes from rolling back in your head as you sample confections such as their cherry cheesecake, apricot ginger scones, or blueberry lemon muffins – all made from scratch.
Piloted by Executive Chef extraordinaire Jay Felton and virtuoso Executive Pastry Chef Amber Felton, the Hive also offers scrumptious breakfast, lunch, and dinner items, including shrimp and grits, wood-grilled hamburger, and beef tenderloin. And don't forget to grab one of their specialty cold brews, lattes, or espressos for a perfect pairing.
3. Candid Coffee
Image courtesy of Candid Coffee
Neighborhood: Warehouse District
Address: 1142 Okeechobee Rd., #1142, West Palm Beach, FL 33401
Best For: Quality cold brew
Open Saturdays and Sundays from 9 a.m. to 1 p.m., Candid Coffee is a great weekend destination among coffee shops in West Palm Beach. Known for its delicious, all-cold brews, Candid Coffee keeps things fun and interesting with a creative, rotating menu. In addition to their nitro, iced, and protein brews, their specialty drinks will wake up and shake up your taste buds with surprising, adventurous flavor combinations. Try the Elvis (banana-peanut butter-almond milk) or the Bloom (strawberry-vanilla-lavender cold foam). Extra smooth and easy to drink, their coffees are complemented by the shop's charming, airy atmosphere. According to the owner, Lorenzo Castillo, his coffee is "Filter-free and non-pretentious, honest and straightforward."
When you're drinking one of Candid Coffee's thirst-quenchers, you're also being environmentally conscious: their drinks meet high standards for environmental sustainability and farmer compensation.
4. Capital One Café
Image courtesy of Capital One Café
Address: 701 S. Rosemary Ave., #101, West Palm Beach, FL 33401
Best For: An unusual bank-and-café experience
What's in your wallet? If it's a Capital One credit or debit card, you can get 50 percent off any coffee order any day at Capital One Café. The Café is a unique concept: a hybrid of a bank and a coffee shop. Anyone is welcome, whether a cardholder or not. A very stripped-down version of the bank, it has ATMs and electronic kiosks but no tellers. Instead, knowledgeable Ambassadors can answer questions about savings accounts, checking accounts, and money markets.
Get comfortable and hang out, or get down to business in one of their workspaces and nooks equipped with free WiFi and numerous charging stations.
The friendly staff serves up scrumptious Peet's coffees and food options, including BLTs, salads, and organic cookies. Grab your food and java, and settle into one of the café's couches, chairs, tables, private nooks, or workstations. And WiFi is on the house.
5. Blue Mountain Coffee House
Image courtesy of Blue Mountain Coffee House
Neighborhood: Downtown West Palm Beach
Address: 540 Clematis St., West Palm Beach, FL 33401
Best For: Authentic Jamaican coffee
Jamaican owner-manager, Allison Boettcher, has brought the flair of her country to Blue Mountain Coffee House. Importing beans from the peaks of Jamaica's Blue Mountain, as well as her own family-owned estate, she has created specialty coffees prized for their super-smoothness, lack of bitterness, and bold aroma infused with lush floral notes.
The coffee shop in West Palm Beach is charming and cozy, and Allison will treat you like family. While sipping your fresh-brewed coffee, you can enjoy delicious foods, including organic pancakes, sandwiches, and salads, and genuine Jamaican dishes such as Jamaican patties, ackee and saltfish, and curried chicken with rice and peas. One of the best things to do in West Palm Beach is to swing by the Blue Mountain Coffee House to quench your thirst and satisfy your appetite.
Be sure you leave room for one….or two….or three of Blue Mountain's mouth-watering pastries. Baked on-site, they're not only gorgeous to look at but a bit of euphoria for your palate.
6. Clematis Café
Image courtesy of Clematis Café
Address: 319 Clematis St., #101, West Palm Beach, FL 33401
Best For: Affordable food and drink served in a chic, relaxing atmosphere
When we found out that the Clematis Café used to serve edible cookie dough, we knew we'd hit gold! Although the indulgent treat was only offered for a limited time, their regular menu had equally delectable items. The café features a pleasing selection of lunch bowls, grilled paninis, avocado toast, flatbreads, made-to-order breakfast sandwiches, and acai bowls. They also serve yummy pastries and fresh-brewed coffee. In addition to espressos, cappuccinos, and lattes, the Clematis Café offers specially made smoothies, plant-based milkshakes, and cold-pressed juices.
You can enjoy your food in a quiet atmosphere where music is unobtrusive, and copper ceiling fittings and neutral colors create a soothing ambiance. Outdoor seating for coffee in West Palm Beach is also available for avid people-watchers.
7. Pumphouse Coffee Roasters
Image courtesy of Pumphouse Coffee Roasters
Address: 1016 Clare Ave., #5A, West Palm Beach, FL 33401
Best For: High-quality coffee served by super-friendly owners
Pumphouse Coffee Roasters' motto is, "If you hate bad coffee, we should be friends." We bet they have lots of friends! Tucked away in the Grandview Public Market, Pumphouse is a cozy, casual boutique shop that sources coffee from Central America, South America, Southeast Asia, Mexico, and Africa. Brothers-owners Christian and Alex Le Clainche offer freshly roasted craft coffee and cold brew, as well as tea, tasty smoothies, and pastries.
Pumphouse isn't a hipster café. With sky-blue walls and a beachy vibe, it's a perfect spot to chill with a morning eye-opener or a mid-day pick-me-up. Outdoor seating is also available if you want to hang out with your furry friend. And the café is open seven days a week to curb your caffeine craving whenever it hits.
8. Composition Coffee House
Image courtesy of Composition Coffee House
Address: 2606 Florida Ave., West Palm Beach, FL 33401
Best For: Meticulously crafted coffee
In the one year it's been open; Composition Coffee House has already established itself as one of the premier West Palm Beach destinations for a superior cup of java. The shop, helmed by owner-barista Josh Korman, offers specialty coffee that reflects his meticulous attention to detail, right down to the pH of the water. The coffee, sourced from Ethiopia, Burundi, El Salvador, Brazil, and Colombia, is consistent, quality brew.
The shop has a simple, inviting design featuring rich, coffee-colored décor with toasty natural wood tables and plants galore. Kick back at one of the tables and chairs, or sink into their super-comfy couch while you sip your drink. A good place for business or pleasure, the Composition Coffee House thoughtfully plays background music; that's just that: background music. In addition to coffee, the café offers natural and sparkling wines.
Mark lives with his partner and two small dogs in Wilton Manors, Florida, right in the center of Fort Lauderdale's vibrant LGBT scene. When Mark isn't out exploring all South Florida has to offer, he's out chasing authentic Peruvian cuisine, catching picture-perfect beach days, and thinking of plants he could add to his garden.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Strut your stuff in the Jasmine set for no-nonsense look that will have you looking and feeling like a total boss babe. The slightly cropped fit of the Jasmine Blazer skims the top of the skirt. The neutral brown color is the perfect fall tone. Secures in the front with a single button.


May I stream, record and upload gameplay of 12 orbits, or use it at public events, without any restrictions whatsoever?
Can I request keys for that purpose?
Indeed! You can request keys using keymailer, woovit or distribute(). You can also contact me via games@romanuhlig.com. Please use a verifiable email address to do so, for example one that can be found on your website or YouTube account. This is the internet, so stating your name unfortunately won't do.


Each year, the staff of the Margate City School District collaborates with the Board of Education and the stakeholders within the community to present a comprehensive curriculum to meet the needs of all our students preparing for success in the 21st Century.
The links to the left provide further information and resources related to curriculum, instructional technology, and assessment.
Please feel free to ask questions or post comments.
This resource is useful for information on national education issues and topics.
This national organization provides a multitude of information for educators and researchers.
This site offers information and training related to the infusion of technology into the schools and the curriculum.
This national group advances the education and welfare of individuals with disabilities.


Community consultation included selected stakeholders and wide-ranging open houses.
Our campus is a place to study, to live and to work, as well as to visit and enjoy. We're proud to host many diverse academic and demographic groups at Brandon University and in our community, and it was essential to have all of this diversity represented in our Campus Master Plan.
Many different stakeholder groups were consulted and engaged through a highly inclusive and collaborative process to develop a Campus Master Plan that will continue to support Brandon University as a vibrant and welcoming environment.


Probably buying 2 of these for the living room.
Maybe 2 more for 2 other bedrooms.
I say, first test them out first ,then buy second one.
I hope this means playing the same music or listening to the same media on HomePods throughout the house, and changing the playback for all of them, if desired, from any of them.
I'm really looking forward to HP. I'll get two for two different rooms. But I'll try two none room to see how that sounds.
Jobs said he replaced his high-end audio gear after getting the HiFi. While it may have sounded as good or the same to him, it did not sound as good as any high-end gear I've ever heard. But managing expectations, it sounded pretty good.
I don't expect the HP to have audiophile level sound, but I expect that it will sound more than good enough for music listening and it'll have constant access to Siri. I don't use my Echo Dot much but I'm impressed at how well it hears me. It just doesn't work well for me.
It has to work w/ AppleTV, right?
...so if Apple advocates privacy, why does any of this need an Apple ID or iCloud...?
Is this one reason why vinyl is experiencing a resurgence...?
Compressed middling fidelity from Music and Siri which is still pretty awful to use. This product having to mostly depend on these two services is going to hobble the full potential of this seemingly impressive device.
It makes logical sense to me. It could probably be hacked to serve as a standard Bluetooth/ WiFi speaker.
Middling fidelity from... Siri? That's a problem— how? Apple music I understand, though given the purpose of this speaker, I'm not too concerned. It wouldn't be my primary source for critical listening.
If the Echo/Alexa universe worked well for me, I'd just plug in some better powered speakers and save some money. But I want Siri access as easily as Alexa. The music fidelity aspect would still be satisfactory only for casual, impromptu listening.
I'm still unclear as to whether or not Siri will control my iTunes music library. I'll be watching the innertubes for objective evaluations once it starts shipping.
Can't wait for these. First one is going in the kitchen. Glad I resisted even trying Amazon and Google's tinny toys.


The brother of a fallen emperor ascends to the throne of the Cerani Empire in the second installment of the Tower and Knife trilogy.
After a lifetime locked in his tower room, Sarmin has come into his own. He is the crowned emperor; he has wed Mesema of the horse tribes; the Pattern-Master is dead. Everything should be happy-ever-after.
But war ignites in the north, and in the palace, Sarmin's new baby brother is seen as a threat to Mesema's unborn child. Scheming courtiers surround the Petal Throne, and when a peace envoy is invited, their plots blossom. Sarmin has no royal assassin as proof against their treachery; no one to whom he can give the twisted Knife.
Those whom Sarmin saved from the Pattern-Master's curse, unsure how to live without the Many, turn to Mogyrk, the god of their ancient foe, for comfort. And Sarmin has not been left alone: the remnants of the Many haunt his thoughts; he hears their voices in the darkness of his room. The worst damage left by the Pattern-Master is about to take Sarmin unawares . . .


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Home » Market News » IMC Announces Major Investment In High Point Market
IMC Announces Major Investment In High Point Market
International Market Centers (IMC) announced a $33.5 million capital investment in its High Point Market properties, including a dynamic new arrival experience for the International Home Furnishings Center (IHFC) Commerce entrance as well as customer-facing renovations and refurbishments to several of its other downtown High Point properties. These enhancements, which are part of IMC's broader three-year, cross-campus capital investment strategy, reflect IMC's longstanding commitment to growing and enriching High Point Market and the surrounding community.
"Re-investment is essential to drive continual growth, relevance and the value proposition of attending Market," said Bob Maricich, chief executive officer for IMC. "Our recently announced initiatives in Las Vegas, Atlanta, and now High Point, underscore IMC's mission to create exceptional markets of enduring value for the furnishings, home décor, gift and apparel industries."
The cornerstone of the initiative is a $14.4 million remodel of IHFC – High Point Market's largest property which features hundreds of the industry's biggest brands in 3.5 million square feet of permanent showrooms and the celebrated InterHall temporary collection. Plans include a gracious and modernized arrival experience featuring a reimagined façade, an open and inviting lobby, and a more functional registration area. Other planned IHFC enhancements include the addition of new state-of-the-art meeting and lounge facilities, upgrades to the IHFC Main food court and office areas, renovation of the 11th Floor Ballroom, and refurbishment of common areas and restrooms throughout the building's 14 floors. The IHFC upgrades have already begun and will be implemented over several phases with all scheduled for completion by the Fall 2021 Market.
"With its positioning at the nexus of the Transportation Center and its high-profile roster of 450 exhibitors, IHFC attracts significant and sustained Market traffic," said Scott Eckman, President of Furniture and Home Décor for IMC. "The planned improvements will better serve the needs of the buyers and suppliers doing business there."
In addition to this new capital commitment, since its founding in 2011, IMC has invested more than $80 million in High Point Market and the surrounding community. This figure includes new construction and acquisitions, renovations and refurbishments to existing properties, leasehold improvements, as well as overall infrastructure enhancements and upgrades.
High-impact projects in recent years have included: construction of 129 S. Hamilton St. (Eichholtz building); acquisitions of the C&D Building, 300 E. Green St. and the coming acquisition of 121 N. Hamilton St.; and renovation and refurbishments to IHFC, Showplace, C&D Building, 200 N. Hamilton St. and 300 E. Green St.
"We are thrilled to participate in the economic development occurring in the City of High Point, not just through capital improvements to our own properties, but also through community engagement and investment," added Maricich. "Through our support of projects such as the entrepreneur center HP365 and the BB&T Point baseball stadium in downtown High Point, IMC reinforces its deep commitment to the home of the home furnishings industry."
The nearly 20 local charitable organizations supported by IMC's volunteer activities and monetary donations include: Always a Lady, American Heart Association, A Simple Gesture, Big Brothers Big Sisters of the Central Piedmont, Boys and Girls Clubs of Greater High Point, High Point Regional Hospital, Hospice of the Piedmont, JDRF, March of Dimes, Open Door Ministries, Pink Cares Piedmont, Reading Connections, Salvation Army Backpack Campaign, Theatre Art Galleries, United Way, West End Ministries, Women in Motion of High Point and YWCA.
IMC's $280 million capital investment plan – announced in January 2019 – includes category enrichment and extension, launch of new verticals, strategic remerchandising of existing resources, digital and mobile platform enhancements, and physical improvements in arrival areas and public spaces across its three campuses in High Point, Las Vegas and Atlanta. Related projects include construction of the EXPO at World Market Center Las Vegas, a new 315,000-square-foot exhibition tradeshow facility on its Las Vegas campus and "Atlanta Next," a multi-stage capital and strategic investment plan that will transform the Atlanta business through enrichment of all categories and improvements to all three AmericasMart buildings. IMC also will launch a unified CRM system that will enable IMC to better capture, manage and analyze audience data across all of its markets.
High Point Market is the largest furnishings industry trade show in the world, with more than 2,000 manufacturers in 11.5 million square feet of showroom and exhibit space in multiple buildings in downtown High Point, North Carolina. Each Market attracts tens of thousands of retail home furnishings buyers, interior designers, architects, and others in the home furnishings industry. International Market Centers owns the vast majority of the prime High Point Market showroom and exhibit real estate, which contain seventy percent of the exhibitors, including the majority of the top 500 manufacturers. Fall 2019 High Point Market runs Oct. 19 – Oct. 23, 2019. For more information, visit http://www.imchighpointmarket.com.


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Spotlight on Centurions – Jen Houston
Jen Houston is a senior vice president and community relations manager for UMB Financial Corporation. As a member of Centurions, Jen is the chairman for the Centurions' Spring Cohort's Environmentalism Task Force, and she has served on the steering committee. Jen has a bachelor of journalism degree and a bachelor of arts degree in Spanish from the University of Missouri, and a master of business administration degree from UMKC. She and her husband, Brad Rentfrow, live in Blue Springs, Missouri.
2019 Spring Centurions Steering Committee Members: Andrew Lang, Jen Houston, Lindsay Jarquio, Jessica Blubaugh, Derek Klaus, Libby Bane, and Leanne Breiby
Also featured in the September 19, 2020 issue of The Independent
Spotlight on Centurions – Zack Donnelly
Children's Mercy – Virtual Red Hot Night
Spotlight on Centurions – Demetrius Peterson
Cheers to Volunteers! – Chris Elkins MacFaden
Cheers to Volunteers! – Kellie Sullivan
Zack Donnelly is a member of the Centurions Class of 2021. He serves on the legacy project committee and is a member of the Tourist In Your Own Town Task…
Children's Mercy's Red Hot Night will be a virtual affair on February 20th. Randy Pope and Walter Porter are serving as co-chairmen of the 17th annual event. The evening promises…
Demetrius Peterson is an attorney at Husch Blackwell, where he conducts investigations for schools on alleged violations of the institution's policies and federal civil rights law, including sexual misconduct, racial…
Chris Elkins MacFaden started volunteering at The Folly Theater three years ago. Since then, she has become an integral part of the team. Chris has served on the volunteer council…


Just a handful of ingredients go into this quick pasta tossit's a great way to take advantage of a bumper crop of zucchini.
1 of 2 Cook pasta following package directions. Drain; keep warm. In large skillet, heat oil over medium-high heat. Add garlic; cook, stirring, about 30 seconds or until lightly browned.
2 of 2 Increase heat to high. Stir in zucchini, salt and pepper. Cook, stirring often, about 3 minutes or until tender. Add cheese and Alfredo sauce; heat through. Transfer to large bowl; toss with pasta. If desired, garnish with basil.


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Louis Pasteur (Dole, 27 december 1822 – Saint-Cloud, 28 september 1895) was een Franse scheikundige en bioloog, vooral bekend vanwege de naar hem vernoemde pasteurisatietechniek en door zijn ontdekking van het vaccin tegen hondsdolheid.

Biografie
Louis Pasteur werd geboren in Dole, in de Franse Jura, als derde kind van Jean-Joseph Pasteur en Jeanne-Étienne Roqui in de Rue des Tanneurs. Zijn vader was leerlooier van beroep.

Pasteur studeerde scheikunde en biologie. Zijn wetenschappelijke carrière begon in 1848 met onderzoek aan wijnsteenzuurkristallen. Hij ontdekte dat er twee vormen van wijnsteenzuur bestaan waarvan de kristallen elkaars spiegelbeeld zijn. Ook ontdekte hij dat de ene vorm wel, maar de andere vorm niet door bacteriën kon worden gebruikt als voedsel. Daarmee is hij een van de eersten die macroscopische effecten van de ruimtelijke bouw van moleculen beschreven, en de vader van de stereochemie.

In 1854 werd Pasteur tot hoogleraar in de scheikunde aan de Universiteit van Rijsel benoemd. In 1857 werd hij directeur voor natuurwetenschappelijk onderzoek aan de École normale supérieure in Parijs.

Pasteur ontwikkelde de theorie dat de oorzaak van veel ziekten een minuscuul levend wezen was, een 'micro-organisme'. Zijn "theorie van de ziekteverwekker" of "microbe-theorie" is een van de belangrijkste ontdekkingen in de medische geschiedenis.  Hij bestudeerde variolatie wat uiteindelijk, op zijn initiatief, leidde tot de ontwikkeling van een vaccin en vaccinatie. Hij introduceerde nieuwe concepten als sterilisatie van instrumenten en wondverbanden.

Pasteur ontdekte dat er verschillende soorten gistcellen voorkomen en dat niet alle gisten even geschikt zijn voor een goede gisting, en bijgevolg een optimale smaak van wijn en bier.

Hij toonde op overtuigende wijze aan dat bedorven voedsel geen micro-organismen voortbrengt, maar dat rotting en gisting daarentegen worden veroorzaakt door micro-organismen die in de lucht aanwezig zijn. Hij was de uitvinder van het pasteuriseren, het proces waarin schadelijke microben in aan bederf onderhevige voedselproducten worden vernietigd door het voedselproduct kortstondig te verhitten, zonder het product te beschadigen.

In 1867 kreeg Pasteur een aanstelling bij de Sorbonne als hoogleraar in de organische chemie. In 1873 werd hij verkozen tot lid van de Académie nationale de médecine. In november 1874 kreeg hij van de Royal Society of London de Copley Medal en in 1881 werd hij ook verkozen tot lid van de Académie française. In 1881 kwam hij in opspraak door zijn rol in wat men het Geheim van Pouilly-le-Fort noemde.

Hondsdolheid
Pasteur ontwikkelde een virus-vaccin tegen de ziekte hondsdolheid. Hij slaagde erin een hond immuun te maken, en hij behandelde paarden. Op 6 juli 1885 bracht men de negenjarige Joseph Meister uit de Elzas, die door een dolle hond was gebeten, bij Pasteur. Pasteur begon de behandeling met behulp van door hem ontwikkelde inentingen, iets wat voor hem persoonlijk riskant was, omdat hij geen erkend geneesheer was. Na wekenlange behandeling van de jonge patiënt, die hoogrood was aangelopen door de koorts, genas de jongen en kon Pasteur met recht zeggen de hondsdolheid te hebben overwonnen.

Pasteur stond bekend als een vroom christen, die dagelijks intensief bad, waaronder de rozenkrans. Hij overleed op 72-jarige leeftijd en werd begraven in de kathedraal van Notre-Dame van Parijs, maar zijn lichaam werd vrij snel daarna verplaatst naar een crypte van de katholieke kapel in het Pasteur Instituut te Parijs.

Pasteur en Generatio spontanea

Pasteur raakte bij de discussie over de "Generatio spontanea" betrokken. Generatio spontanea wil zeggen dat organismen spontaan ontstaan uit dode organismen of uit levenloze materie.

In 1668 toonde Francesco Redi aan, dat alleen levende vliegen verantwoordelijk waren voor de vliegen uit kadavers. Hij vulde een paar grote potten met vlees en dekte een paar ervan af. Alleen in de niet afgedekte potten 'ontstonden' maden. Desondanks geloofde men tot aan de ontdekking van Pasteur in 1860, dat bacteriën vanzelf ontstonden. Het onderzoek van Pasteur toonde aan, dat leven niet kan ontstaan uit "niet-leven", maar dat alleen levende wezens leven kunnen voortbrengen. Hij deed een experiment waarbij hij iets verhitte, waarna er geen sprake meer was van de Generatio spontanea; door verhitting worden de bacteriën immers gedood.

Een stukje uit het dagboek van Pasteur:

Pasteur had echter een rivaal, Pouchet, die meende te hebben aangetoond dat primitieve levende organismen spontaan ontstaan in mengsels van niet-levende organismen. Pasteur daagde Pouchet uit om een openbare demonstratie te geven, in het bijzijn van de pers en van de commissie van de Franse Academie. Pasteur wilde laten zien dat microben (bacteriën) pas beginnen te groeien in ontsmette oplossingen, nadat deze aan de buitenlucht zijn blootgesteld. Pouchet zelf echter werkte niet met bouillon, maar met een aftreksel van hooi. Het is de vraag of gesteriliseerde hooi-oplossing hetzelfde resultaat oplevert als gesteriliseerde bouillon.

Literatuur
 H. Harris, Things come to life, Spontaneous generation revisited, (Oxford university press: 2002), Ch. 10
 H. Kamminga, "De waagstukken van Pasteur". In: B. Theunissen, C. Hakfoort e.a., Newtons God en Mendels bastaarden. Nieuwe visies op 'helden van de wetenschap', (Meulenhoff: 1997), p. 123- 152
 H.C. de Wit, Deel 2b 'Ontwikkelingsgeschiedenis van de biologie', P. 1238/1239
 Joseph Gal: Louis Pasteur, Language, and Molecular Chirality. I. Background and Dissymmetry, Chirality 23 (2011) 1−16

Frans bioloog
Frans scheikundige
Microbioloog
Lid van de Académie française
Humanitair activist
Lid van de Académie des sciences

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Orlando Bloom, Elizabethtown ,2004. Auteur Cameron Crowe's first misstep in six films. He wrote shoe-designer (!) Drew Baylor for Bloom. When he was committed to Kingdom of Heaven,Crowe read other possibles: Evans, James Franco, Colin Hanks, Christopher Masterson, Sean William Scott - and chose Ashton Kutcher (!) until he projected zero chemistry with co-star Kirsten Dunst. Bloom be came free, created shoes yet little magic with Dunst. Far from Tom Cruise-Renée Zellweger Mk II.
Casey Affleck, Gone Baby Gone, 2006. Five years before becoming Captain America, Evans tested for Patrick Kenzie, half of the Boston bed and business partners cum-private eyes. Michelle Monaghan is the other half. Instead of starring, Ben Affleck co-wrote and fully directed this version of Dennis Lehane's fourth book about what Chicago critic Roger Ebert called babes in the woods. They not into guns or heavy lifting and yet "end up with crucifixion murders, kidnapped babies and, as always, people who are not who, or what, they seem."
James Franco, Milk, 2007. Director Gus Van Sant had first planned a film in the early 90s about the first openly gay man elected to US public office – assassinated for it (with San Francisco Mayor George Moscone) in 1978. Van Sant's main candidates back then to play Harvey Milk's lover, Scott Smith, were Bradley Cooper… and Evans: "I really wanted to be a part of Milk,but I lost out to James Franco.. I guess if you've got to lose, he's the guy to lose to." Or not…. Three years later, Evans took over Franco's role in The Iceman, 2011.
Casey Affleck, Gone Baby Gone, 2007 Brother Ben considered starring (as well as writer-directing). Evans, the future Captain America then auditioned for Boston private dick Patrick Kenzie. Finally, guess who won? Ben's bro, bien sur.
Channing Tatum, GI Joe: The Rise of Cobra, 2008. Evans, Lost TV star Matthew Fox Mark Wahlberg Sam Worthington were in the loop for Duke in Hollywood's crazy toys-as-source-material movies. Rolling Stone critic Peter Travers skewered this one: "I don't know what to say about the acting, writing and directing… because I couldn't find any." As Captain America, Evans later proved that a Marvel comic hero gave better action than a Hasbro toy.
Ray Liotta, The Iceman, 2011. First plan of Del Toro and James Franco later became Liotta and Chris Evans - on the sidelines of the true story of the Polish-American serial killer Richard Kuklinski. When caught in 1986, he admitted killing more than 100 people,then again… maybe 250. Michael Shannon stole all but the actual screen in the title role.
Jonah Hill, The Wolf of Wall Street, 2012. Auditioned for Danny Porush, pal of Leonardo DiCaprio's titular eco-criminal - Leo's fifth collaboration with Martin Scorsese. And nothing to do with the 1929 film with the same title: first US film, as Scorsese would tell you, to have one actor (Paul Lukas) dubbed by another (Lawford Davidson).
Jack Huston, Kill Your Darlings, 2012. An excellent debut from ex-Yale and NYU director John Krokidas revealing many a secret (murder, included) of the the pre-Beat Generation years of Allen Ginsberg, William Burroughs, Jack Kerouac and their friend Lucien Carr - Daniel Radcliffe, Ben Foster, Jack Huston and Dane DeHaan. Three Beats were changed during a financial delay in shooting. Radcliffe survivied a risky return to glasses and schooldaze a mere two years after graduating from Hogwarts.
Justin Theroux, The Girl on the Train, 2016. Never any question in producesr Marc Platt's mind about who would be The Girl - Emily Blunt, from his Into The Woods. But Tom only became Theroux when Evans proved committed to Gifted. He was lucky to miss the messy Hitchcock wannabe. Never came close.
Ewan McGregor, Doctor Sleep, 2018. What, asked so many Stephen King fans at book signings, happened to Danny Torrance? King would joke had wed Firestarter Charlie McGee, Then, he got to think – and what about Jack Torrance, and Wendy and Hallorann? The answers are in his sequel novel and its movie that had to please all factions. Those who love and deplore Kubrick's film (and disregarded the TV series), vice-versa. (Or can't read). New horror king Mike Flanagan (born two years after Carrie) checked into the Overlook Hotel. So, who could be Nicholson's shining son, now the titular hospice orderly? Almost inevitably the top choices were Captain America, Hawkeye, Doctor Who and Downton's Abbey's Matthew Crawley (oh yes!). Chris Evans, Jeremy Renner, Matt Smith and Dan Stevens were all floored by Obi-Wan Kenobi… in the 273rd of King's staggering 313 screen credits since Carrie in 1976. Flanagan was due for a prequel, Hallorann, But Sleep snored.
James Marsden, Sonic the Hedgehog, 2019. For the new movie version of the video game, 15 actors jostled for Tom Wachowski, the Montana cop helping the speedy blue blur alien from another planet in his fight against Jim Carrey's Dr Robotnik. They were: Evans, Jack Black, Ansel Elgort, Bill Hader (also up for voicing Sonic), Ed Helms, Jake Johnson, Michael B. Jordan, Adam Pally (also seen for Sonic, he wound up as Wade, Tom's deputy), Chris Pratt, Paul Rudd, Jason Segal, Justin Timberlake, Milo Ventimiglia, Owen Wilson and Marsden, who was ready for "as many as they want to make. it was so much fun to see Jim enjoying himself again."
Gerard Butler, Greenland, 2019. "The sky's on fire!" No less than Captain America was due to save his family from a lethal comet, called Clarke (!), with South African Neil Blomkamp directing. Their schedules interferred but Butler's interlocked perfectly with Ric Roman Waugh, the stuntman-turned-director, who helmed Butler's previous hairy thriller, Angel Has Fallen.


How Many DSLR Cameras Do You Need?
Complete Buyers Guide to Camera Bags - Cameras, and camera equipment comes in all different shapes and sizes, luckily so too do bags, here we give an overview of what bags are available.
Today�s mirrorless and DSLR cameras both display just how far digital camera technology has come, as both carry the ability to produce outstanding image quality with stunning performance and convenience.
21/07/2012�� A harness like that may be a bit odd looking at a formal event. One camera in your hands and the other on your hip with ease of exchange would seem to be a good way to go.


Notts County are priced at 9/2 to overcome Sheffield Wednesday in Tuesday night's Capital One Cup Round 1 encounter with Sheffield Wednesday.
The Magpies are seen as outsiders in the Hillsborough meeting against the Championship outfit but this does not mean they should be written off.
On Saturday, Notts were 5/1 to beat one of Sky Bet League 1's promotion favourites Preston North End at Deepdale and came within a whisker of taking three points back to Nottingham.
As Shaun Derry's squad are in a confident mood, why not get behind them with a £5 bet that has the potential to return £27.50.
You can also include County in your accumulator and accompanied by wins for Birmingham City (V Cambridge), Leeds United (V Accrington Stanley) and MK Dons (V AFC Wimbledon) produces odds of 21.46/1.
To sign up, visit skybet.com/nottscounty and follow the instructions.


How much 1 SunContract (SNC) in USD?
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Please arrive at camp no earlier than 4 and make sure you are collected at around 3 on Monday.
In case you were unsure Explorers IS on tomorrow night, it will be our last one before the summer.
Can I remind you all to please download, print and fill in all of the forms for camp please and bring any outstanding payments too tomorrow night.
If you are planning to come to camp and have not paid yet please bring your £40 on Tuesday along with all forms.
Camp starts at around 16:00 on Friday 24 July, please bring uniforms with you as I will be investing Ryan and Elizabeth on camp. You will need all of the usual kit plus clothing to wear in the water including shoes (not wellies, crocs or flip flops).
On Tuesday night we will be handing out tents and other kit for you to bring with you so make sure you are there.
Explorers will not be at HQ this week but instead at the Longton Rugby Club in Trentham Lakes. Please be there for 19:30 start in uniform.


Seductive and soft skirt of a cashmere and wool blend that sits on the waist and falls to below the knee. In a wrap style with side gather and curved hem, it buttons at the waist affording a glimpse of legs as you walk. This skirt has belt loops and is fully lined. It's in good condition.


Pakistan's top officials toughened on Wednesday their stand on the death sentence for an Indian national accused of espionage, saying his trial was fair and that Islamabad wouldn't bow to pressure from New Delhi.
Abdul Basit, Islamabad's top envoy to New Delhi, said Kulbhushan Jadhav, a retired Indian naval officer, was tried in a military court because he was not a civilian, a treatment that was given also to Pakistani citizens accused of similar crimes.
Basit's explanation was in response to India's questioning of the fairness of Jadhav's court-martial in utter secrecy – a trial that external affairs minister Sushma Swaraj called "farcical". India denies the charges against 46-year-old Jadhav, who was sentenced for "espionage and sabotage activities" on Monday.
"The charges against Jadhav were such that he could not be tried in a civil court… and he was also provided defence counsel," Basit said in an interview with India Today TV, adding Jadhav had been visiting Pakistan since 2003 using an original Indian passport but a fake name.
The Pakistani envoy said 270 people, including Pakistanis, were tried in these courts that deal with terrorism-related cases.
Pakistan's former president Pervez Musharraf echoed Basit.
"For anyone involved in espionage and sabotage, the case is tried in military court, a lawyer is assigned to defend the accused and the procedure is the same for Pakistanis as well as foreigners," he was quoted as saying by Pakistan's ARY TV.
Meanwhile, Indian officials said the government was working on possible legal steps to save Jadhav. It was also considering more measures to put diplomatic pressure on Pakistan, and seek consular access to the condemned man.
India and Pakistan routinely accuse each other of sending spies into their countries and it is not uncommon for either to expel diplomats accused of espionage, particularly at times of high tension. However death sentences have rarely been passed in such cases in recent years, and trials of alleged spies have largely gone through civilian courts.
As New Delhi stepped up its offensive over the death sentence, the Nawaz Sharif government deployed senior ministers to defend the action.
Pakistan's minister of state for information Marriyum Aurangzeb told reporters the country will not bow to pressure from India to release Jadhav. Federal minister Tariq Fazal Chaudhry also said no law was broken or changed to arrest or sentence Jadhav.
Earlier in the day, local media reported that Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif and his army chief Gen Qamar Javed Bajwa also agreed not to bow to any pressure over the death sentence to Jadhav.
But in a somewhat tempered message of hope, Pakistan's national security adviser Nasser Janjua spoke of the need for India and Pakistan to engage to resolve disputes.
"Pakistan and India cannot remain enemies forever," he was quoted as saying by the state-run Associated Press of Pakistan (APP).
After repeatedly turning down India's request, Pakistan foreign office made a conditional offer that New Delhi will have to investigate the "evidence" against Jadhav.
India hasn't accepted the condition as that would tantamount to accepting that Jadhav is guilty.


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Veteran HBO Marketing Exec Lucinda Martinez Exits Company
Variety Staff
14 January 2021, 3:25 pm ·3-min read
Lucinda Martinez, a veteran of HBO's marketing department, has left the company. Martinez, who spent more than two decades at the company, most recently served as exec VP of brand marketing for HBO and HBO Max.
Among her accomplishments, Martinez led marketing efforts directed toward African American, Latino, Asian and LGBTQ+ communities and worked to establish the HBO Latino brand.
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"This has been a year of reflection for me. I arrived at HBO 20 years ago excited to tackle a new job at a new company," Martinez said in a statement. "It became so much more than I could have ever wished. I'm grateful to all those, too many to name, that mentored and guided me along the way. Most importantly, I'm proud to have built and led a diverse team of supremely talented creatives and executives, proving you can equally stand for the right values and deliver across all metrics of success. We accomplished many firsts, and our work and growth together has been my greatest professional joy. Now, it is the time to write the next professional chapter (with a little family time first)."
Casey Bloys, chief content officer for HBO and HBO Max, added, " "Lucinda and I have been friends and colleagues for a long time. You only need to spend five minutes with her to see the passion she possesses for the work. I'll miss that energy, but I appreciate her desire to try something new. Her marketing expertise is exceptional so it will be exciting to see her next chapter unfold. I especially want to thank her for her partnership around HBO's multicultural success and the talented team she built that will carry those efforts forward."
The New York-based Martinez serves on the board of trustees of The Alvin Ailey American Dance Theatre and on the Advisory Board of The Hispanic Scholarship Fund.
The Hollywood Reporter broke the news of Martinez's departure.
See below a memo from Andy Forssell, exec VP and general manager, HBO Max and direct-to-consumer, announcing Martinez's departure:
"As you may have heard by now, Lucinda Martinez has decided to leave after 20 amazing years at HBO and WarnerMedia. I feel really lucky to have been able to get to know Lucinda and to work closely with her. Her energy is infectious, and her creativity and contributions are unmatched, so her departure is a great loss. But, I understand her decision to take a break, catch her breath, and think hard about what her next steps will be.
Most recently, Lucinda created the blueprint for multicultural marketing at HBO, not only increasing its awareness but also its priority inside the organization. She established HBO Latino as the premier Spanish language destination and over these past few months she guided the successful launch of Wonder Woman 1984 on HBO Max as well as the platform's new brand positioning. Lucky for us, she also built an incredibly talented team around her. This of course only scrapes the surface on all her accomplishments. I feel it is fair to say that she was instrumental to the success of HBO and WarnerMedia as a whole. Please join me in wishing her well."
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Rappers Lil Wayne and Kodak Black were among the beneficiaries of Donald Trump's wave of pardons in his last day in office on Wednesday, befitting a president who made his name in New York's tabloids and on reality TV. While the more than 140 people granted clemency included former aide Steve Bannon and major Republican Party fundraiser Elliott Broidy, Trump also used his wide ranging powers to clear people with little apparent ties to his administration. Five-time Grammy Award winner Lil Wayne, whose legal name is Dwayne Carter Jr., appeared to support Trump on the campaign trail ahead of Trump's reelection bid when Carter said he backed Trump's criminal justice reform program and economic plan for African Americans.


Capri Sun once reigned as the must-have cool pouch in a world of juice boxes. With others imitating its form, Capri Sun needed new ways to re-establish relevance and drive kid request. Kids yearn to stand out among their friends, but only go-for-it when they feel confident they'll succeed. This presented an opportunity for Capri Sun to be the one to help them, and the brand, shine.
Catapult developed an award-winning program that let kids shine on the ultimate stage - a nationally televised competition against Pro athletes, but with an unexpected twist: by competing in schoolyard sports where kids do best, we created a scenario where the kids would come out winners.
We assembled a world-class team of Pros John Cena, Steph Curry, David Ortiz and Gabby Douglas. Four teams of kids were selected through a sweepstakes and the competition aired on a 1-hour special on CBS and Nickelodeon. Plus, every kid got a chance to beat the pros with an exclusive online game they free with purchase. And limited edition player pouches ensured Capri Sun took its place once again proudly displayed on lunch tables everywhere.


text:
Jean-Benigne-Auguste-Francis Toussaint, francoski general, * 1884, † 1966.

Glej tudi
 seznam francoskih generalov

Viri

 Generals.dk

Francoski generali
Francoski vojaški atašeji
Veterani druge svetovne vojne


text:
Sinogomphus pylades – gatunek ważki z rodziny gadziogłówkowatych (Gomphidae). Występuje w Chinach; stwierdzony w prowincji Fujian w południowo-wschodniej części kraju.

Przypisy

Sinogomphus
Ważki Azji
Gatunki i podgatunki zwierząt nazwane w 1939 roku


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text:
学校首页 | HEU English
| 简体中文 | English | Pусский | 한국어 | 日本語 | Монгол хэл | Việt | العربية | ภาษาไทย | Française |
About HEU
Master Candidate
General Visiting Scholar
homepage English Scholarship
Confucius Institutes Scholarship
Date:2015-11-07 Hits:758
Confucius Institutes Scholarship<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />
CI Scholarship
For the purpose of supporting the development of Confucius Institutes, facilitating international promotion of Chinese language and dissemination of Chinese culture, as well as cultivating qualified Chinese-language teachers and excellent Chinese-language learners, Confucius Institute Headquarters/Hanban (hereinafter referred to as Hanban) launches a "Confucius Institute Scholarship" program to sponsor foreign students, scholars and Chinese language teachers to study Chinese in relevant universities of China (hereinafter referred to as "Host Institutes" ).
Harbin Engineering University will enroll the following two categories at present.
1. Scholarship for One-Academic-Year Students,
2. Scholarship for One-Semester Students.
Category of Scholarship and Eligibility Criteria
The scholarship is divided into 5 categories:
1. Scholarship for Students of Master's Degree in Teaching Chinese to Speakers of Other Languages(MTCSOL),
2. Scholarship for Students of One-Academic-Year + MTCSOL,
3. Scholarship for Students of Bachelor's Degree in Teaching Chinese to Speakers of Other Languages(BTCSOL),
Applicants shall be non-Chinese citizens in good health, aged between 16 and 35 (Chinese language teachers in post shall be aged below 45, and applicants for BTCSOL scholarship should be aged below 20).
1. Scholarship for Students of MTCSOL
The scholarship is oriented at excellent students from Confucius Institutes (Classrooms), overseas local Chinese language teachers, winners of the "Chinese Bridge" Chinese Proficiency Competitions for Foreign College Students and for Foreign High School Students, excellent foreign college graduates majored in Chinese and outstanding performers on HSK exams, to undertake a Master's Degree in Teaching Chinese to Speakers of Other Languages. The scholarship winner shall begin the study in autumn 2014, and the duration of scholarship is two academic years. The applicant should have a bachelor degree or its equivalent, get a score of at least 180 on the HSK (level 5) and a score of at least 50 on the HSKK (intermediate level), and make a written commitment stating that he/she will be engaged in Chinese language teaching for at least 5 years after graduation. The applicant with a specific teaching post arranged will be given admission priority (certification by the institution he/she will teach for is required). Hanban will provide support for outstanding graduates to teach in their home countries.
2. Scholarship for Students of One-Academic-Year + MTCSOL:
The scholarship is oriented at students from Confucius Institutes in Africa and Latin America regions, who are interested in Chinese Language teaching. The applicant shall sign an agreement with the Confucius Institute or an institute he/she will teach for. The Applicant is required to have a bachelor degree or its equivalent and achieve a score of at least 180 on the HSK (level 3) and a score of at least 60 on the HSKK (primary level). Those who pass the first-academic-year assessment and score at least 180 on the HSK (level 5) can proceed with their study in China for the Master's Degree in Teaching Chinese to Speakers of Other Languages. Hanban will support graduates to teach Chinese in their home countries by recruiting them as local teachers, providing wage subsidies, etc.
3. Scholarship for Students of BTCSOL
The scholarship is oriented at students from Confucius Institutes in underdeveloped regions in Asia and Africa, who are interested in Chinese Language teaching. Scholarship winners will major in Teaching Chinese to Speakers of Other Languages (or Chinese in the direction of Teaching Chinese to Speakers of Other Languages). Time of enrollment for scholarship winners is autumn, 2014, and the duration is four academic years. Applicants should have a high school degree or above, and meanwhile get no less than 180 scores in HSK (level 3) and at least 40 scores in HSKK (intermediate level).
4. Scholarship for One-Academic Year Students
The scholarship is oriented at outstanding students of Confucius Institutes (Classrooms), overseas local Chinese language teachers, winners of the "Chinese Bridge" Chinese Proficiency Competitions for Foreign College Students and for Foreign High School Students, excellent foreign college students majored in Chinese, outstanding performers on the HSK, and those who intend to become Chinese teachers. The scholarship winner may choose to study in majors including Chinese Language and Literature, Chinese History and Chinese Philosophy. The time of entrance is autumn 2016 and the grant term is one academic year. Applicants should achieve a score of at least 180 on the HSK (level 3) and at least 60 on the HSKK (primary level).
The scholarship is oriented at excellent students of Confucius Institutes (Classrooms), winners of the "Chinese Bridge" Chinese Proficiency Competitions for Foreign College Students and for Foreign High School Students, overseas local Chinese language teachers, excellent foreign college students majored in Chinese, and outstanding performers on the HSK. The scholarship winner may choose to study in majors including Chinese Language and Literature, Chinese History and Chinese Philosophy. The time of entrance is autumn 2016 or spring 2017 and the grant term is one semester. Applicants should achieve a score of at least 120 on the HSK (level 2) and at least 40 on the HSKK (primary level).
For all categories of scholarships, priority will be given to applicants with HSK and HSKK scores. Winners of the finals of the "Chinese Bridge" Chinese Proficiency Competitions for Foreign College Students and for Foreign High School Students in China shall arrange their applications in accordance with the prize specifications. Repetitive applications are invalid.
Scholarship Coverage and Criteria
Scholarship winners are exempt from registration fees, tuition, accommodation fees on campus, and are provided with monthly living allowance, comprehensive insurance for foreign students studying in China. Monthly living allowances are provided at the following rates (CNY Yuan per month):
a. CNY 2,500 for One-Academic-Year Students and One-Semester Students.
b. CNY 3,000 for Master's Degree Students.
Recruitment Procedures
1. From the issue date of the Procedures, applicants can log on to the Confucius Institute Scholarship website at http://cis.chinese.cn, set up an individual account, read information and introduction of host institutes and majors, complete and submit the Confucius Institute Scholarship Application Form online.
2. Confucius Institutes (independently set-up Confucius Classrooms), overseas Chinese test centers, educational and cultural offices (sections) of Chinese Embassies (Consulates), host institutes and institutions of higher education in those countries with no Confucius Institutes are entrusted by Hanban as the recommending institutions. The recommending institutions shall examine the qualification and application materials of applicants, and submit the list of recommended applicants to Hanban by the beginning of May every year.
3. HEU is responsible for reviewing the qualifications of applicants and submitting the proposed enrollment name list of qualified candidates to Hanban by the mid-May.
4. Hanban will organize an expert panel to make the final selection, and publish the name list of successful applicants on the Scholarship website by the middle of June. Hanban will also inform the host institutes and the recommending institutions, and the recommending institutions will inform the applicants.
5. The host institutes will post "Admission Notice", "Enrollment Instructions", "Visa Application Form for Foreigners to Study in China" (JW202 Form) and other related materials to successful applicants through their recommending institutions by the beginning of July.
Applicants should log onto the Scholarship website, fill out the "Confucius Institute Scholarship Application Form", and attach the electronic files of the following materials:
1. Photocopy of passport photo page.
2. Photocopies of HSK、HSKK score reports.
3. Notarized highest education diploma attained(scheduled graduation proof or official proof of student status).
4. Reference letter and letter of commitment. The MTCSOL Scholarship applicants are required to submit two reference letters from professors or associate professors (in Chinese or English) and a written commitment stating that the applicant will be engaged in Chinese language teaching for at least 5 years after graduation (written in Chinese and signed). College students majored in Chinese in countries with no Confucius Institutes established shall submit a reference letter signed and issued by the university President.
5. Applicants under the age of 18 shall submit relevant legal documents of entrusted legal guardians in China.
6. Winners of the finals of the "Chinese Bridge" Chinese Proficiency Competitions for Foreign College Students and for Foreign High School Students in China shall submit the certificate of scholarship. Winners of preliminary rounds of the "Chinese Bridge" Chinese Proficiency Competitions in their countries shall submit award proof and a reference letter from the Chinese Embassy (or Consulate) in the competition area.
7. Chinese language teachers shall submit the proof of the length of time in teaching and weekly teaching hours provided by institutes they work for.
8. Those applying for scholarship of One-Academic-Year + MTCSOL are required to provide the agreement signed with the Confucius Institute or the institute which they will be working for.
Entrance and Annual Appraisal
1.The scholarship winners shall register at the host institutes before the deadline set by the institutes. Scholarships will not be reserved for those who do not register on time without reasonable cause.
2.Scholarships will be canceled for those who cannot pass the health examination.
3.Students undertaking BTCSOL or MMTCSOL (including One-Academic-Year + MTCSOL), shall be subject to an annual appraisal after being enrolled according to the "Annual Appraisal Procedures for Confucius Institute Scholarship". Only the eligible students are entitled to continue to receive the scholarships in the following year.
Confucius Institute Scholarship Website:http://cis.chinese.cn
HSK and HSKK Website:http://www.chinesetest.cn
© 2017 International Office
Address: 145, Nantong Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China Tel: 0086-451-82568266
Manitenance: International Office Support: Informationization Office


text:
Asm. Cristina Garcia to Take Unpaid Leave of Absence From Position and Committee Assignments
California State Assembly Member Cristina Garcia in a visit to Los Cerritos Community Newspaper in 2012.
Asm. Cristina Garcia Responds to Allegations of Misconduct
(Sacramento) – Assemblywoman Cristina Garcia (D-Bell Gardens) today released the following statement in response to allegations of sexual misconduct:
"Upon reflection of the details alleged, I am certain I did not engage in the behavior I am accused of. However, as I've said before, any claims about sexual harassment must be taken seriously, and I believe elected officials should be held to a higher standard of accountability. Therefore, I am voluntarily taking an immediate unpaid leave from my position in the State Assembly, including any accompanying committee assignments, so as not to serve as a distraction or in any way influence the process of this investigation. I implore the Assembly Rules Committee to conduct a thorough and expeditious investigation, and I look forward to getting back to work on behalf of my constituents and for the betterment of California."
Senator Connie Leyva who blasted Garcia in a statement yesterday, stopped short of calling for Garcia's resignation, unlike her calls for Sen. Tony Mendoza to resign.
When contacted by HMG-CN, Leyva stated, "Senator Leyva asked Senator Mendoza to resign since they are both members of the California State Senate and she has the ability to participate in a vote to expel another Senator, if that vote is necessary."
For months Assemblywoman Cristina Garcia (D-Bell) has been slamming State Senator Tony Mendoza for alleged sexual improprieties on former staffers.
Garcia has asked Mendoza to resign and has given several vitriolic quotes to the Sacramento Bee in regards to Mendoza's alleged improprieties.
But now the shoe is on the other foot.
POLITICO broke a story yesterday, which HMG-CN knew about for months but could not get sources to come forward.
It took a national news organization such as POLITICO to bring the source out, and he is a Cerritos resident.
Danny Fierro
Danny Fierro was identified as the source in an article yesterday saying that Garcia groped him at the annual Assembly softball game in Sacramento.
Fierro said that Garcia appeared drunk came up and started stroking his back, then squeezed his butt, finally attempting a "reach around" to grab his crotch.
Fierro said in the article that he never reported the incident, which occurred years before the current #MeToo movement and new whistleblower legislation was formed to protect staffers.
Another staffer, who spoke to POLITICO on condition of anonymity, is claiming harassment, once again with Garcia attempting to grab his crotch at a political fundraiser.
He said he could "smell the booze on her breath and that she was really far gone." The lobbyist said, "she looked at me for a second and said I've set a goal for myself to fuck you."
Attempts to contact Garcia went unanswered.


The owners of HD Mining are no doubt thankful that the Tory federal government has been expanding the TFWP, allowing employers in more sectors to bring in migrant workers. This move by Harper & Co. is part of their broader austerity agenda, which includes lowering wages and increasing insecurity among working people.
Officials from the International Union of Operating Engineers and the Construction and Specialized Workers' Union (CSWU) have gone to court to try to cancel the company's authorization to employ Temporary Foreign Workers (TFWs). Their rationale is clear. When interviewed on the CBC Radio One program As It Happens on November 21, Mark Olsen, the President of the Bargaining Council of BC Building Trade Unions, argued that Canadian workers should get preference for these mining jobs and that the Chinese workers already in BC should be sent home.
This kind of response to the hiring of migrant workers appeals to many people in Canada. Unemployment and the fear of having to look for a job when decent work is getting harder to find are on the minds of many. But this response is dead wrong. It's also an echo of the racist hostility to Chinese workers that was rampant among workers in BC a century ago.
In 1891 the Vancouver Trades and Labour Council (made up of craft unions, the vast majority of whose members were white male skilled workers) called for a ban on Chinese immigration. This demand for exclusion was widely supported among white people in BC in the early 20th century. It fuelled the racist hatred that exploded in the 1907 riots in BC against South Asian and East Asian immigrants.
Then, as now, the Chinese workers in question were denied citizenship rights by the state and super-exploited by employers. Then, as now, the demand to exclude migrant workers rested on the assumption that some people (British subjects then, Canadian citizens or permanent residents now) are more entitled to jobs than others (Chinese migrants).
This stance pits workers who happen to have been born in different countries against each other. Yes, people in Canada need paid work to support themselves. But so do people in China. Is it any surprise that some Chinese workers are willing to leave their homes and travel thousands of kilometres to work in a remote area of BC for wages that are higher than they would make in China? Treating some people as less deserving of jobs than others simply because they don't hold Canadian passports devalues their lives. It's an invitation to immigrant-bashing and racism.
People who say they're against employers bringing in TFWs because it drives down wages and benefits, worsens working conditions and boosts corporate profits are actually writing the recipe for that very result. The federal government isn't going to curtail the TFWP — many bosses love it. Nationalist campaigns against the hiring of migrant workers will only reinforce divisions between citizens and non-citizens and fan the flames of racism. Employers will celebrate the fact that workers are fighting each other.
Instead of trying to exclude Chinese workers, BC unions should be thinking about how to build links of solidarity with them. That's what socialists and other industrial union activists in BC did a century ago, challenging the racism of the craft unions.
But we don't have to look back a hundred years to see what needs to be done. In 2006, SNC Lavalin and SELI Canada brought in Latin American workers under the TFWP to work on the Canada Line extension of Vancouver's Skytrain light rail service and paid them less than TFWs from Europe. The CSWU organized the workers, took their case to the BC Human Rights Tribunal and won. There are plenty of Mandarin-speaking activists in BC who could be part of an innovative initiative to reach out to miners from China.
Growing numbers of employers are turning to the TFWP to get workers who are less expensive and easier to control precisely because they're not citizens or permanent residents. Unions face the same choice they did a century ago: "Exclusion or Solidarity?" Trying to exclude migrant workers did nothing to help workers in Canada challenge employers and pro-employer governments in the early 20th century. It won't do any better this time.
The alternative to calling for exclusion is to address the needs of all workers, regardless of citizenship status. A good starting point for an alternative approach rooted in solidarity is to demand "Status for all" (giving permanent resident status to migrants as soon as they arrive). This should be linked to a demand for the creation of well-paid, secure jobs doing work that reduces greenhouse gas emissions (not jobs in coal mines!) .Such a demand could bring together union, migrant justice and environmental activists.
Let's hope that some delegates on the floor at the BC Federation of Labour convention next week will challenge exclusion and argue for this kind of alternative.
David Camfield is an editor of New Socialist Webzine and author of Canadian Labour in Crisis: Reinventing the Workers' Movement.


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text:
The International 2.4mR is a one-person keelboat. The class is a development class governed by the 2.4mR rule. The rule controlled by World Sailing (formerly known as ISAF) is one of the few classes designated as an International Class. The International 2.4mR Class rule is closely related to the International 12mR class rule that was used at the America's Cup.

While there is a small but active group of amateur or professional designers and builders around the world, around 90% of the 2.4mR boats are the commercially produced Norlin Mark III designed by Swedish yacht designer Peter Norlin. Over the years, new 2.4mR designs such as the Stradivari III, the Proton and the Super 3 have come into production.

The 2.4mR boats are primarily used for racing and the class holds highly competitive national events in many countries. World and European championships can attract as many as 100 boats at a time.

The 2.4mR is ideal for adaptive sailing since the sailor barely moves in the boat, and all settings can be adjusted from a facing forward seated position. Both hand-steering and foot-steering are possible. The boat is sailed without a spinnaker, but it is equipped with a whisker-pole that is extending outward to hold the shape of the jib when sailing downwind. The boat's capability as a truly inclusive sailing boat has been demonstrated over many years at multiple Open World Championships.

History
After the 1980 America's Cup, people in the Newport, RI area started sailing boats called Mini-12s. They were named after the 12-Metre yachts that were used at the America's Cup. As the fleet started to grow, the word spread to Sweden, home of the yacht designer Peter Norlin. Peter Norlin refined the original designs, and along with other naval architects, they collectively initiated the International 2.4mR Class that we know today. Although the 2.4mR is a development class, Peter Norlin has become the dominant designer, and the class is therefore often mistaken as a one-design class.

One-design
In recent years attempts have been made to develop a one-design class based on the 2.4 Norlin Mark III. This was primarily because the competition within the Paralympics was meant to be more about the sailors' competitiveness and less about the equipment. This led to the introduction of Appendix K to the Class rules and a group of individuals started to work on a set of stand-alone one-design rules. This is still at the early stages but this effort is likely to lead to the emergence of a new one-design 2.4mR class alongside the existing development 2.4mR class.

Rating formula
As an open class rather than a one-design, all boat designs must meet the following formula.

(all measurements in mm)
 L = the "corrected" length of the hull (see rule D.6.3)
 d = the midship girth difference (see rule D.6.4)
 F = the average freeboard height (see rule D.6.5)
 S = the total rated area of the mainsail and jib combined.

Events

Open World Championships

Para World Sailing Championships

The 2.4 metre has been used a number of times as equipment for the One-Person Technical Disabled discipline which holds an annual World Championships.

Paralympics

From 2000 to 2016, the 2.4 Metre was the official single-crew class boat for sailing at the Summer Paralympics although it was used in a more one-design form utilising the Norlin Mk3 design.

References

External links

 The Official site of the International 2.4mR Class Association
 2.4mR (World Sailing)
 Malmsten Boats
 Charger 2.4
 Super 3
 Australian 2.4mR National Class Association
 Austrian 2.4mR National Class Association
 Canadian 2.4mR National Class Association
 Czech 2.4mR National Class Association
 Dutch 2.4mR National Class Association
 Finnish 2.4mR National Class Association
 French 2.4mR National Class Association
 German 2.4mR National Class Association
 Hong Kong 2.4mR National Class Association
 Italian 2.4mR National Class Association
 Norwegian 2.4mR National Class Association
 Swedish National Class Association
 UK 2.4mR National Class Association
 US 2.4mR National Class Association

Classes of World Sailing
Keelboats
Development sailing classes
Sailboat type designs by Peter Norlin


MARSDEN Margaret would like to acknowledge with gratitude the many expressions of sympathy received following the loss of Harry and to thank most sincerely the friends, neighbours and relatives who sent cards, condolence messages, flowers and donations.
A special word of thanks to Mr and Mrs M Jolly and Mr and Mrs J Rollason for their unfailing support during the past weeks.
St. Catherine's Hospice for their wonderful care of Harry.
Thank you also to Canon Grant Ashton for his support and comfort and finally to B. Livesey Ltd. Funeral Directors for their most sensitive and dignified arrangements.