text:
\section{Introduction}
Annihilation between an antinucleon and a nucleon or nucleus defines
one of the basic aspects in antimatter-matter interactions. Over the years
there have been many experimental measurements \cite{Arm87,Ber97,H1,H2,H3,H4,FI,NA,
Bia11,Bia00a,Bia00b,D2,D3,He1,He2,He3,C,Ne, Al, Kle05, asacusa18} and
theoretical studies \cite{Kle05,Lee14,Lee16, Mah88,Kuz94, Car93,Car97,
Bia00,Gal00,Bat01,Fri14, Fri15, Gal02,Gal03,Gal08,Gal11,Gal11PL,
Gal12,Gal13,Gal14,Gal15} about antinucleon annihilation on nucleons
and nuclei. However, most of the work was carried out with the
antiproton $\bar p$ projectile. Experimental and theoretical investigations
using the antineutron $\bar n$, on the other hand, are still relatively limited.
Theoretical work has also been carried out on the relationship between $\bar nn$ oscillation
and the $\bar nA$ interaction potential \cite {dover83, Kondratyuk,Gal}.
Recently, it has also been suggested that $\bar nA$ annihilation
can be used to prepare an apparatus for $\bar nn$
oscillations \cite{nnbarOsc} detection.

On the experimental side, one representative investigation is the measurement of the
$\bar n$-Fe annihilation cross section from 100 to 780 MeV/$c$ \cite{Agnello88, Barbina97, Ableev94}.
The experiment was carried out with the LEAR facility at CERN using the $\bar p p$ $\rightarrow$ $\bar n n$
charge-exchange reaction. Another  investigation, by the OBELIX group of Astrua {\it et al} \cite{NA}, measured the
annihilation cross section of $\bar n$ on C, Al, Cu, Ag, Sn, and Pb nuclei in
the $p_{\rm lab}$ range from 50 to 400 MeV/$c$. These experiments give clear evidence
about the dependence of the antinucleon-nucleus absorption cross section on the mass
number $A$ and about the momentum dependence which exhibits the prominent absorption feature
of inverse-momentum dependence at low-energies. They are also useful to test the theories
of antinucleon-nucleus interactions.

In response to the experimental efforts, Friedman
derived an optical model potential for $\bar p$-nucleus interaction by accounting for both the
neutron and proton densities \cite{Fri15} to examine the annihilation cross sections for $\bar p$
and $\bar n$ on all the six targets at seven energies studied in Astrua {\it et al} \cite{NA}.
The calculated cross sections for $\bar p$ and $\bar n$
were compared with experimental annihilation cross sections for $\bar n$.
The study indicated that the $\bar p$ induced annihilation cross sections increase
much more steeply in the low momentum  $p_{\rm lab} <$ 200 MeV/$c$ region in comparison to
the case for the $\bar n$ projectile. It also elucidated that the larger $\bar p$ annihilation cross sections
match the experimental data closely, but surprisingly not for $\bar n$ annihilation
cross sections. Above 250 MeV/$c$, the $\bar n$ annihilation cross sections are found to be reasonably
close to the experimental cross sections. However, below 100 MeV/$c$, the cross sections
 are found to be significantly smaller than the experimental cross sections.
Furthermore, the predicted $\bar n$ annihilation cross sections display the feature of decreasing
and shifting to lower and lower momenta as the size of the nuclear target increases
and thus deviate from the behavior suggested by the experimental cross sections. It is important to
note that the very same density-folded optical model potential was checked and
tested previously, by the same author of Ref.\cite{Fri15}, to reproduce very well the
angular distributions for elastic scattering of $\bar p$ by C, Ca and Pb at
300 MeV/$c$ \cite{Fri14}.

The fact that $\bar n$ induced annihilation cross sections
are smaller than for $\bar p$ can be easily understood  because the incoming electrically
neutral projectile will naturally experience negligible Coulomb attraction from the target nucleus.
But, it is perplexing that, experimentally there is a notable absorption feature of $1/p_{\rm lab}^\alpha$-like
dependence, akin to the effects of Coulomb focusing for $\bar n$ annihilation cross sections
at the lower momenta, and the microscopic optical potential predicted that these cross sections
decrease and shift to lower and lower momenta as $A$ increases.

Recently, we have extended the Glauber model for nucleus-nucleus collisions
\cite{Gla59, Gla70, Won84,Won94} to study the nuclear annihilation cross sections
by antinucleons. The extended Glauber model for the calculation
of the $\bar p A$ annihilation cross section \cite{Lee14, Lee16} considered
the nucleon-nucleus collision as a collection of binary collisions, and took into account
the appropriate shadowing and the inclusion of initial-state and in-medium interactions.
The basic ingredients are the elementary $\bar p p$ and $\bar p n$ annihilation
cross sections, $\sigma_{\rm ann}^{\bar p p}$ and $\sigma_{\rm ann}^{\bar p n}$,
together with initial-state Coulomb interactions and the change of the momentum of
the antinucleon inside the nuclear medium. We note that in our
earlier study \cite{Lee14}, the basic $\bar p p$ annihilation cross section,
$\sigma_{\rm ann}^{\bar p p}$, was parametrized semi-empirically
as $1/v$, and employed in our investigation of the stability and the properties of matter-antimatter
molecules \cite{Lee11, Lee08}. In our subsequent study \cite{Lee16},
we improved the $\sigma_{\rm ann}^{\bar p p}$ and $\sigma_{\rm ann}^{\bar p n}$
formulas by considering the anti-particle transmission through a
nuclear potential and the $\bar p p$ Coulomb interaction, thereby the nuclear
annihilation cross sections can be properly evaluated in a simple analytical form. The
expressions are rigorous enough and therefore we amend our
earlier simple approach of a $1/v$ function to parametrize the
basic $ \sigma_{\rm ann}^{{\bar p p}}$ and $ \sigma_{\rm ann}^{{\bar p n}}$
cross sections. The strong absorption model formulated decomposes the
incoming plane waves into a sum of partial waves of given orbital
angular momentum $L$ and assumes that these partial waves transmitted to the
nucleon surface $S$ lead to an annihilation reaction.  It is shown that the
cross sections for nuclear annihilation by $\bar p$ and $\bar n$ are
simple functions of the momentum of the incident particles. Across the
momentum range considered, contrasting it to the $ \sigma_{\rm
  ann}^{{\bar n p}}$ annihilation cross section, the $ \sigma_{\rm
  ann}^{{\bar p p}}$ annihilation cross section is significantly
enhanced by the Coulomb interaction for the $p_{\rm lab}$ momenta of
the incident particle below 500 MeV/$c$. As the $p_{\rm lab}$
increases, the two annihilation cross sections become almost
identical, approaching the Pomeranchuk's equality limit \cite{Pom56} at $p_{\rm
  lab}$ $\sim$ 500 MeV/$c$. In addition, the calculated annihilation
cross sections agree well with the experimental data. With the improved
$ \sigma_{\rm ann}^{{\bar p p}}$ and $ \sigma_{\rm ann}^{{\bar p n}}$,
we also reproduced the general map of annihilation cross sections,
$ \sigma_{\rm ann}^{{\bar p A}}$, as a function of nuclear mass
numbers $A$ and collision energies.

With encouraging results from the particle transmission theory to describe the
$ \sigma_{\rm ann}^{{\bar p p}}$, $ \sigma_{\rm ann}^{{\bar p n}}$ and
$ \sigma_{\rm ann}^{{\bar p A}}$ annihilation cross sections, we employed
the very same theory to examine the $ \sigma_{\rm ann}^{{\bar n A}}$.
But there was an inadvertent error that arose through the Coulomb trajectory modification
considered in the extended Glauber model, making our $ \sigma_{\rm ann}^{{\bar n A}}$
to agree with the experiment data. We re-examined and re-evaluated our $\sigma_{\rm ann}^{{\bar n A}}$
cross section, and found, in the absence of additional Coulomb effects, that the rectified $ \sigma_{\rm ann}^{{\bar n A}}$
cross sections are significantly ``flat" and relatively lower than the experimental data for $p_{\rm lab}$ $<$ 200 MeV/$c$,
yielding a far from satisfactory agreement between our calculations and experiment of Astrua {\it et al}.

Anticipating that new and better experiments \cite{FAIR09, Pan13, Mau99} will be performed in the coming years, here
we attempt to explore an alternative theoretical method to rectify our previous
annihilation cross section results for $\bar nA$. Moreover, it appears that a comparative
study of the absorption cross sections induced by neutrons, antineutrons and antiprotons
has not yet been made.

The content of this paper is as follows. In Section II, we present
the phenomenological optical model potential (OMP) we obtained to examine
the $\bar n A$ annihilation cross sections. In Section III, we assess our
phenomenological theory by comparing our numerical results to the available
experimental
$\bar n A$ annihilation cross section, $n A$ reaction cross section, and $\bar p A$ annihilation
data. Finally, we conclude the present study with some discussions
in Section VI.

\section{Phenomenological momentum-dependent optical model potential}

The Glauber model is known to work best at high energies in
which the extend individual nucleon can be treated as an isolated scatterer.
For low-energy collisions, such a description may not be as appropriate,
and the traditional optical model potential analysis may be more suitable.
For this reason we adopt a phenomenological analysis to study the
energy-dependence of the
OMP on $\bar n A$
annihilation cross section.
Moreover, the method of OMP is well-tested and long-established
for treating complicated interactions between
an incoming nucleon and a nucleus \cite{Varner91, Koning03}.

In the present analysis, we consider the collision between an
antinucleon and a nucleus, and their effective interaction strength without
spin-orbit interaction  is represented generally by a momentum-dependent optical model potential
\begin{eqnarray}
U(r) = V_C(r) - V_V(r,p) -i(W_V(r,p) + W_D(r,p)),
\end{eqnarray}
where subscripts ``$V$" and ``$D$" denote the volume and surface terms, respectively; and
\begin{eqnarray}
V_V(r,p) &=& V_o(p) f(r, r_V, a_V),   \\
W_V(r,p) &=& W_o(p) f(r, r_W, a_W), \\
W_D(r,p) &=& -4a_{W_D}W_{o_D}(p) \frac{d}{dr}f(r, r_{W_D}, a_{W_D}).
\end{eqnarray}
As usual the $f(r, r_x, a_x)$ is a Wood-Saxon form factor
\begin{eqnarray}
f(r, r_x, a_x) = \frac{1}{(1+\exp[(r-r_x)/a_x])},
\end{eqnarray}
where $x~\equiv~V, W, W_D$. The Coulomb term $V_C(r)$ is naturally zero for an
electrically neutral projectile. Otherwise,
\begin{eqnarray}
V_C(r) =
    \begin{cases}
\frac{Z_A Z_p e^2}{2r_c}\left(3-\frac{r^2}{r^2_c}\right) & \quad \text{for~} r \leq r_c, \\
\frac{Z_A Z_p e^2}{r}~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~& \quad \text{for~} r  > r_c, \\
    \end{cases}
\end{eqnarray}
for a charged projectile with $Z_A$ and $Z_p$ being the target and projectile nuclear charges,
respectively, and $r_c = r_oA^{1/3}$ is the Coulomb radius with $r_o$ being 1.25 fm.

Although the main focus here is the $\bar nA$ optical model potential,
our knowledge of the $\bar pA$ optical model potential is more extensive. To gain
some intuitions about the shape and size of our desired OMP, knowledge
of the $\bar p A$ OMP is valuable as it could shed some light on the construction
of $\bar n A$ OMP. There are at least two families of the $\bar p A$
potential, and these families and their ambiguity were studied by
one of the present authors in \cite{Wong84}. One family, so-called $S$,
has a much more shallow imaginary potential with $W$ of order 15$-$45 MeV,
associated with a deep real potential with $V$ of order 200$-$350 MeV.
The other one, so-called $D$, has a real well-depth $V$ of order 100 MeV
and a deep imaginary part $W$ of order 100$-$200 MeV. On the other hand,
the neutron-nucleus ($n A$) optical potential is also well-established.
From Koning and Delaroche \cite{Koning03}, we learned that the $n A$
optical potential has a real well-depth $V$ of the order of 60 MeV and
considerably shallower imaginary potential with $W$ of the order of 15 MeV
for many nuclei across the periodic table, but with $A$-value greater than 23.
This potential family is quite different from that of $\bar p A$.

The optical model potential of Koning and Delaroche has many advantages
because of its simplicities and systematic variations. However, as it has not taken
into account the effects of static and dynamical deformation of the nuclei, it has
its limitations and its application to $^{12}$C as we do here will exhibit an expected
deficiency.

It is desirable to have a simple, ``flexible'', and yet rich enough ({\it i.e.,} applicable
in the very low momentum region) forms of optical model potential for $\bar nA$ that could also
be useful for $\bar pA$ annihilation. We therefore concocted a momentum-dependent
phenomenological optical model potential \begin{eqnarray}
V_o(p_{\rm lab}) = V'_o\times\left(\frac{\cosh(\sqrt{(b_0+p_{\rm lab})}-\sqrt{b_0})}{\cosh(\sqrt{(b_1+p_{\rm lab})}-\sqrt{b_1})} \right),
\label{POMP}
\end{eqnarray}
where $b_0 $ and $b_1$ are two adjustable parameters. We choose this form so that
$V_o$ $\rightarrow$ $V'_o$ as $p_{\rm lab}$ $\rightarrow$ 0, and we use the $\rm cosh$
function such that $V_o(p_{\rm lab})$ decreases monotonically and gradually with $p_{\rm lab}$. In addition,
we also want our $V_o(p_{\rm lab})$ to behave similarly to the functional dependence of $V_V(E)$
of Koning and Delaroche  plotted in Fig.\ 1 of Ref.\cite{Koning03}. We also assume that
our absorptive potentials, $W_o(p) = W_o$ and  $W_{oD}(p) = W_{oD}$, do not  vary with the projectile momentum.
Table~\ref{t1} lists the optical model potential well depths and the $b_0 $ and $b_1$
parameters used in the calculations.

\begin{table} [h]
\caption{Antineutron optical model potential well depths, $V'_o$ and $W_{(o,oD)}$,
and the $b_{(0,1)}$ free parameters, are in MeV, and $V_D = 0$. The $W_{(o,oD)}$ parameters
are independent of the projectile momentum.}
\begin{tabular}{cccccccc}
\hline
\hline \\
Nucleus &  $^{12}$C & $^{27}$Al &  $^{56}$Fe & $^{63.6}$Cu & $^{107.9}$Ag & $^{118.7}$Sn & $^{206}$Pb \\
\hline
\hline \\
  $V'_o$  &  52.00 & 66.00 &  56.00 & 60.00 &  82.00 &  90.00 & 110.00   \\
  $W_o$   & 12.00 &  3.50 & 9.00  & 4.33  &  4.10 & 4.30 & 2.80  \\
  $W_{oD}$ & 5.98 & 5.98 & 5.98 & 5.98 & 5.98 & 5.98 & 5.98 \\
   $b_0$  & 14.04  &  31.86  &  67.20 & 75.52  & 127.29  & 140.08 & 243.08    \\
   $b_1$  & 7.92  &   16.90  &  39.00 & 37.70  & 61.10  & 65.00 & 106.60    \\
\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\label{t1}
\end{table}

With regard to the radius parameter in the optical potential, we use
the following procedure to estimate its approximate value before more
refined search and adjustment.  From the experimental annihilation cross section at
high energies at which a geometrical approximation is a reasonable
assumption, we estimate a radius $r_R$ given by
\begin{eqnarray}
\sigma_{\rm ann} = \pi (r_R A^{1/3})^2.
\end{eqnarray}
This radius defines a sharp cut-off distribution for the collision process.  The
equivalent Wood-Saxon optical model potential with a radius parameter
of $r_V$ and a diffuseness $a_V$ can be estimated by \cite{Hasse}

\begin{eqnarray}
r_V = r_R\left(1-\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{\pi a_V}{r_RA^{1/3}}\right)^2\right)
\label{rv}
\end{eqnarray}
for each nuclei. For example, even though the $\bar n$C experimental annihilation cross section
at $p_{\rm lab} > $ 500 MeV/c is not readily available, according to Pomeranchuk's
equality at the high-energy limit \cite{Pom56}, both the $\bar n$C and $\bar p$C annihilation cross sections
should be identical. Therefore, it is reasonable to make use of the experimental data to determine the value
of $\bar p$C annihilation cross section at 900 MeV/$c$ and use this value to determine
the $r_R$, which turns out to be 1.653 fm. Concerning how one guesses the value of the diffuseness parameter $a_V$,
its initial estimate is deduced from the clues given by Friedman \cite{Fri14}, in which the $a_V$
for antineutron may be about a factor of 2-3 times of that for the neutron. To search for the optimal
value of $a_V$, several iterative calculations for annihilation cross section have to be performed at
a fixed momentum of 900 MeV/$c$ for both the $\bar n$C and $\bar p$C until both their
annihilation cross sections closely satisfy the Pomeranchuk's equality.
Once the $r_R$ and $a_V$ values are determined,
Eq.(\ref{rv}) gives the corresponding value of $r_V$.
The same procedure is also applied to the case of iron nuclei.

\begin{table} [htp]
\caption{The estimated annihilation cross sections at 400 MeV/$c$ and 900 MeV/$c$,
and their corresponding values of $r_R$.}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
Pair            & $p_{\rm lab}$(MeV/$c$) & $\sigma=\pi (r_RA^{1/3})^2$(fm$^2$) & $r_R$(fm)   \\
\hline
$\bar p$C  &        900                           &          45.0                              &     1.653       \\
$\bar n$Al  &       400                           &          100.0                             &    1.881      \\
$\bar p$Fe  &       900                          &           100.0                            &     1.475     \\
$\bar n$Cu  &       400                         &            180.0                          &      1.893     \\
$\bar n$Ag  &      400                          &             240.0                          &       1.840      \\
$\bar n$Sn  &      400                          &             265.0                          &       1.868      \\
$\bar n$Pb  &       400                          &            400.0                          &        1.911
\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\label{t2}
\end{table}

With respect to the Al, Cu, Sn and Pb nuclei (e.g., see Fig.\ 5 in Ref.\cite{Bia11}),
despite the fact that there are $\bar p$ experimental data are available at around 1 GeV/$c$,
they were not measured at a common momentum point. As a result, we are afraid that they
can complicate the consistency of our estimations for the $r_R$ and hence $r_V$
values for each element. To be safe, we choose to use the experimental $\bar nA$
annihilation cross section values at 375 MeV/$c$ and extrapolate them
to 400 MeV/$c$. Note that the same iterative $a_V$-search procedure is
also considered for these elements. Table~\ref{t2} presents the annihilation cross sections at 400 MeV/$c$ and 900 MeV/$c$,
and their corresponding values of $r_R$. The subsequent antineutron radial and diffuseness parameters
for the POMP as a function of mass numbers are given in Table~\ref{t3}. Fig. \ref{fig8}(a) illustrates the variation
of the strength of $V_o$ as a function of mass numbers and antineutron momentum.
In general, their behaviors bear similarity with the momentum functional form of $\sigma^{\bar nA}_{\rm ann}$.

\begin{table} [ht]
\caption{Optical model potential parameters for $\bar n A$ and $nA$ interactions.
The neutron optical model potential parameters are from Ref.\cite{Koning03}. The geometry
parameters $r_x$ and diffusiveness parameters $a_x$ are in fm. It is assumed
that $r_W$ = $r_V$, $a_W = a_V$, $a_{V_D} = a_{W_D}$ and $ V_D = 0$.}
\begin{tabular}{ccccccccc}
\hline
\hline \\
 Nucleus & & $^{12}$C & $^{27}$Al &  $^{56}$Fe & $^{64}$Cu & $^{108}$Ag & $^{119}$Sn & $^{206}$Pb \\  [0.5ex]
\hline\hline \\
   &$r_V$    & 1.234 & 1.577 & 1.307 & 1.649 & 1.663 & 1.681 & 1.785 \\
  &$r_{W_D}$ & 1.260 & 1.260 & 1.260 & 1.260 & 1.260  & 1.260 & 1.260 \\
 \raisebox{1.5ex}{$\bar n$} & $a_V$ & 1.050 & 1.250 & 1.050 & 1.500 & 1.500 &  1.600 &  1.600  \\
  &$a_{W_D}$ &0.590 &0.590 &0.590 &0.590 &0.590 &0.590 &0.590 \\ \\
\hline\\
   &$r_V$    & 1.127 & 1.162 & 1.186 & 1.203  & 1.219  &  1.221 & 1.235   \\
  &$r_{W_D}$ & 1.306 & 1.290 & 1.282 & 1.279 & 1.267 & 1.264 & 1.249 \\
 \raisebox{1.5ex}{$n$} & $a_V$ & 0.676 & 0.665 & 0.663 & 0.668 & 0.662  & 0.660 & 0.647 \\
  &$a_{W_D}$ & 0.543 & 0.538  & 0.532  & 0.534 & 0.527 & 0.525 & 0.510 \\ \\
\hline
\hline
\end{tabular}
\label{t3}
\end{table}

In order to obtain the $nA$ reaction cross section, we adopted the optical model potential
by Koning and Delaroche \cite{Koning03}. To avoid later confusion, we shall use the
phenomenological optical model potential (POMP) to denote the antinucleon-nucleus
interactions $U(r)$ of eq.(\ref{POMP}). On the other hand, we shall use the
Koning-Delaroche's optical model potential (KD-OMP) to denote the $nA$
optical potential described in Ref.\cite{Koning03} .

These optical model potentials are then employed in the Schr\"{o}dinger equation, and
the standard distorted wave method provided in the ECIS97 computer program \cite{Raynal97}
is used to solve the Schr\"{o}dinger equation to obtain the reaction cross section.  For each individual nucleus,
we use a fixed value for $V_o$ evaluated at $p_{\rm lab}$ = 200 MeV/$c$ for
$p_{\rm lab} \ge$ 200 MeV/$c$, as $V_o$ becomes almost constant in the high-energy limit.
Furthermore, we also check the sensitivity of the cross section at $p_{\rm lab}$ = 200 MeV/$c$
with respect to the small variation ($\sim5\%$) of $V_o$ and make sure that the changes in the cross section
is not more than $\sim5\%$.

\section{Results and Discussion}

In this section, we first evaluate our $\bar nA$ annihilation cross section results
by comparing with the available experimental data. Second, we discuss the differences between the $\bar nA$ annihilation
and $nA$ reaction cross sections, and compare their corresponding optical model potential parameters.
Third, we consider the $\bar pA$ annihilation. Lastly, we analyze the power laws
of the $\bar p$ and $\bar n$ annihilation cross sections.

\subsection{$\bar nA$ annihilation cross sections}

\begin{figure}[!htp]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=0.325]{nbarC.eps}
\caption{(Color online)  Comparison of $\bar n$C,  $\bar p$C annihilation cross
sections and the $n$C non-elastic reaction cross section as a function of the projectile
momentum in the laboratory frame. The dash-dot-dotted line
refers to the $n$C reaction cross section obtained using the KD-OMP;
the dotted line and the scattered triangles are the $n$C reaction
non-elastic data from Brookhaven National Laboratory's National
Nuclear Data Center \cite{BNL}.}
\label{fig1}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

In our previous study \cite{Lee16}, we examined the $\bar n p$ annihilation
cross section as a function of the antineutron
momentum by considering the transmission through a nuclear potential. Although
the  annihilation cross section data for $\bar n p$ still remain rather sparse to date
in comparison to $\bar p p$ and contain significant degrees of uncertainty, a good
agreement is achieved between our analytical results and experimental data from the OBELIX
Collaboration \cite{Ber97} and from Brookhaven National Laboratory \cite{Arm87}. Similarly,
a good way to verify and validate the present optical model potential model
in describing the mass $A$ and momentum dependencies of $\bar n$
annihilation (and of $n$ reactions) is to benchmark against the
available experimental data.

\begin{figure}[!htp]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=0.325]{nbarFe.eps}
\caption{(Color online) Comparison of $\bar n$Fe, $\bar p$Fe annihilation cross
  sections and the $n$Fe non-elastic reaction cross section as a function of the projectile
  momentum in the laboratory frame. The symbols are experimental data
  of $\bar n$Fe annihilation. The dash-dot-dotted line
refers to the $n$Fe reaction cross section obtained using the KD-OMP;
  the dotted line is the $n$Fe reaction non-elastic data from
  Brookhaven National Laboratory's National
Nuclear Data Center \cite{BNL}.}
\label{fig2}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

Fig.\ 1 shows a comparison of $\bar n$C annihilation cross sections against
several sets of data. From a quantitative perspective,  the predicted cross sections appear to obey the
momentum dependence behavior suggested by the experiment in the low-momenta region.
As $p_{{\rm lab}}$ proceeds to increase beyond 500 MeV/$c$, the theoretical and experimental
cross sections continue to remain in agreement, indicating that the annihilation cross section decreases
as momentum increases.

\begin{figure}[!tbp]
\begin{center}
\subfloat[Cross section.]{\includegraphics[width=8cm, height=12cm]{nbarAll.eps}\label{fig:f1}}
  \hspace*{-0.77cm}

\subfloat[Cross section ratio.]{\includegraphics[width=8cm, height=12cm]{nbarAll_ratio.eps}\label{fig:f2}}

\caption{(Color online)(a) Cross
  sections for $\bar nA$, $\bar pA$, and $nA$, as a function of the projectile momentum in the laboratory
  frame. The solid line is for $\bar nA$, the dashed line is for $\bar pA$, and the dash-dot-dotted line is for $nA$.
  The circles are experimental data from Astrua {\it et al} \cite{NA}. The diamond is from Bianconi {\it et al.} \cite{Bia11}.
  (b) Cross section ratios. The solid line represents the theoretical $\sigma^{\bar nA}_{\rm ann}$/$\sigma^{nA}_{\rm rec}$,
  the dashed line represents the theoretical $\sigma^{\bar pA}_{\rm ann}$/$\sigma^{\bar nA}_{\rm ann}$ and
  the solid circle represents the ratio of the experimental $\sigma^{\bar nA}_{\rm ann}$ to the theoretical $\sigma^{nA}_{\rm rec}$.}
\label{fig4}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

In Fig.\ 2, we examine the $\bar n$Fe annihilation cross sections along
with several data sets. Similarly, the calculated $\bar n$Fe annihilation cross
sections also appeared to be in good agreement with the experimental data which
indicate a much larger cross sections (in comparison to the case of $\bar n$C
annihilation) below $p_{\rm lab}$ of 400 MeV/$c$ and the absorption feature becomes
progressively smaller as one goes up in $p_{\rm lab}$.

Fig.~\ref{fig4}(a) shows that the predicted $\bar nA$ annihilation cross sections
for the Al, Cu, Ag, Sn and Pb nuclei rise considerably as the projectile momentum
continues to decrease. These theoretical cross sections also describe the experimental
data \cite{NA} relatively well in the momenta region where the data are available for comparison,
except at $p_{{\rm lab}}$ of 76 MeV/$c$ where the calculations underestimated the
experiment by about 15-20$\%$ for Ag, Sn and Pb targets. In regard to the
finding of Ref.\cite{Fri15} where $\bar n$ annihilation cross sections shift
to lower and lower momentum as nuclear size increases, inspecting the change
of $\sigma^{\bar nA}_{\rm ann}$ cross sections as a function the nuclear mass
number $A$ displayed in Fig. \ref{fig4}(a), we do not notice any sign of
reduction of $\bar nA$ annihilation cross sections and shift of such kind.

\subsection{$nA$ reaction cross sections}
\begin{figure}[!htp]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=10cm, height=8cm]{nAll.eps}
\caption{(Color online) The $nA$ non-elastic reaction cross section as a function of the projectile
  momentum in the laboratory frame. The solid-line refers to the present results obtained using
  the KD-OMP. The symbols are the data recommended by the
  Brookhaven National Laboratory's National
Nuclear Data Center \cite{BNL}.}
\label{fig7}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

The energy dependence of $nA$ reaction cross sections have been relatively well studied for many elements
across the periodic table over the years. Therefore, it is meaningful to compare the $\bar nA$ annihilation cross section
against  the $nA$ reaction cross section as a function of incoming projectile momentum. But before we
do that, it is worthwhile to examine the quality of the present neutron reaction cross sections
based on the KD-OMP. Displayed in Fig. \ref{fig7} is a comparison between the present
results and the BNL recommended non-elastic reaction cross section data for C, Al,
Fe, Cu, Ag, and Pb nuclei \cite{BNL}. It is shown that the overall agreement between
the calculated cross sections and recommended data is reasonably good.
Note that we intentionally left out the Sn results in the plot because, to our best knowledge,
we could not find the available BNL data to make a comparison.

\begin{figure}[!tbp]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=0.5]{C_Fe_ratio.eps}
\caption{(Color online) Cross section ratios as a function of the projectile momentum in the laboratory frame.
(a) The ratios of $\sigma_{\bar n}/\sigma_{n}$. The solid line represents the theoretical
$\sigma^{\bar n \rm C}_{\rm ann}/\sigma^{n \rm C}_{\rm rec}$, the dashed line
represents the theoretical $\sigma^{\bar n \rm Fe}_{\rm ann}/\sigma^{n \rm Fe}_{\rm rec}$, and the solid circle represents
the ratio of experimental $\sigma^{\bar n \rm C}_{\rm ann}$ to the theoretical $\sigma^{n \rm C}_{\rm rec}$.
Note that there are no experimental $\sigma^{\bar n \rm Fe}_{\rm ann}$ available at the common momentum
points of carbon. (b) The ratios of $\sigma_{\bar p}/\sigma_{\bar n}$. The solid line represents the
theoretical $\sigma^{\bar p \rm C}_{\rm ann}/\sigma^{\bar n \rm C}_{\rm ann}$ and the dashed line represents
the theoretical $\sigma^{\bar p \rm Fe}_{\rm ann}/\sigma^{\bar n \rm Fe}_{\rm ann}$.}
\label{fig3}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

Since both the $\bar nA$ and $nA$ interactions are free from initial-state Coulomb interactions, it is valuable
to compare the momentum dependence of the cross sections of these two interactions. One can clearly see,
from figures \ref{fig1}, \ref{fig2}, \ref{fig4}(a), that the $\bar n$ annihilation cross sections
of all targets are significantly larger than that of the $n$ reaction. To better appreciate their
differences in the cross sections between the $\bar n$ and $n$ projectiles,
we plot the $\sigma^{\bar nA}_{\rm ann}$/$\sigma^{nA}_{\rm rec}$ ratios
as a function of the projectile momentum for carbon and iron nuclei in Fig.~\ref{fig3}(a).
In general, the curves for carbon and iron nuclei depicted a similar behavior. In the same plot,
we also include the ratio of experimental $\sigma^{\bar n \rm C}_{\rm ann}$ to the
theoretical $\sigma^{n \rm C}_{\rm rec}$, which we shall denote as  the experimental ratio.
It is interesting to see the shape of the curve of experimental ratios also resembles the behavior
of the theory even though the agreement between the theoretical predicted and the experimental ratios
is not that satisfactory. The disagreement may be attributed to the calculation not taking
into account the effects of static and dynamical deformation of the carbon nuclei.

Examining Fig.~\ref{fig3}(a) more closely, one finds that the theoretical
$\sigma^{\bar n \rm C}_{\rm ann}$/$\sigma^{ n \rm C}_{\rm rec}$
ratio is about 1.5 at $p_{\rm lab}$ $\simeq$ 160 MeV/$c$ whereas the experimentally suggested
value is about 1.3 and at a slightly higher $p_{\rm lab}$ of 165 MeV/$c$. Moving to higher $p_{\rm lab}$ $\simeq$
400 MeV/$c$, this ratio is about 2.3. It should be noted that in this low-energy region
we have assumed that most of the $nA$ non-elastic reaction are due to the absorption process. We
also restrict our analysis to the lowest momentum of 100 MeV/$c$ to
avoid any complications due to contributions from the low-energy resonances.

Again, as illustrated in Fig.~\ref{fig3}(a), the $\sigma^{\bar n \rm Fe}_{\rm ann}$/$\sigma^{ n \rm Fe}_{\rm rec}$
ratio is also turned out to be about 1.4 to 1.6 between $p_{\rm lab}$ values of 120 and 400 MeV/$c$.
For the rest of the targets shown in Fig. \ref{fig4}(b), one finds that the $\sigma^{\bar nA}_{\rm ann}/\sigma^{ nA}_{rec}$
ratios vary between the order of 1.5 and 3.8 in the region where comparisons are possible,
and also depend on both the momentum and the $A$ values. Notice that their momentum dependency of cross section ratios
resembles their cross section behaviors, which are also quite different from those of the iron and carbon nuclei seen earlier in Fig.~\ref{fig3}(a).
Comparing to the case of carbon nuclei, Fig.~\ref{fig4}(b) indicates a much better agreement between the
predicted and the experimental $\sigma^{\bar nA}_{\rm ann}$/$\sigma^{nA}_{\rm rec}$ ratios for all targets.
The better agreement is understandable since the theoretical and experimental $\sigma^{nA}_{\rm rec}$
are also in a much closer agreement (e.g., see Fig.~\ref{fig7}).

\begin{figure}[!htp]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=0.4]{potv_A.eps}
\caption{(Color online) The variation of $V_o$ as a function of projectile momentum and atomic mass.}
\label{fig8}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

Now we consider the optical potential parameters for both $\bar nA$ and $nA$ interactions.
The values of the initial (or starting) potential depth $V'_o$ for all the target elements are given in Table \ref{t1}.
The $V'_o$ value, in general, increases from 52 to 110 MeV as the $A$ value goes from 12 to 206.
But with KD-OMP \cite{Koning03} calculations, this trend is reversed for the case of the $nA$ reaction.

\begin{figure}[!htp]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=0.4]{potw_A.eps}
\caption{(Color online) Neutron optical model potential well depth, $W_{(o,o_D)}$, as a function of projectile momentum.}
\label{fig9}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

The corresponding real parts of the central potentials $V_o$ for $\bar nA$ and $nA$ interactions, as a function of momentum,
are shown in Figs.~\ref{fig8}(a) and \ref{fig8}(b), respectively. Although the depth of $V_o$ based on POMP for every nuclei
decreases with increasing momentum according to Eq.(7), as shown in Fig.~\ref{fig8}(a), the antineutron's potential curves
do not display any form of systematic order as a function of mass number $A$. At larger momentum (i.e., $p_{\rm lab}>$ 100 MeV/$c$ ),
the potentials gradually become less sensitive to the increment of the projectile momentum.
In contrast, in Fig.~\ref{fig8}(b), the neutron's $V_o$ obtained from KD-OMP  \cite{Koning03} for each nucleus does show
a systematic decrease as the nuclear size increases and an almost linear decrease as a function of momentum,
especially for $p_{\rm lab}>$ 200 MeV/$c$.

The imaginary terms, W$_o$ and W$_{o_D}$, the volume and surface absorption POMP components,
are also quite different from the KD-OMP prescribed values. First of all, they do not depend
on projectile momentum. Second, as shown in Table~\ref{t2}, even though our W$_o$ for $\bar nA$
varies from 12.0 to 2.8 MeV with respect to carbon and to lead nuclei,
there is no systematic change in W$_o$ as the nuclear size increases. In comparison to the case of $nA$,
Fig.~\ref{fig9}(a) shows that the KD-OMP determined W$_o$ decreases as $A$ value increases,
but increases as $p_{\rm lab}$ increases. Third, the antineutron's surface absorption W$_{o_D}$
 for $\bar n A$ is chosen to be a constant of 5.98 MeV for all targets. However,
the neutron's surface absorption values W$_{oD}$ do depend on momentum and their functional forms are
displayed in Fig.~\ref{fig9}(b). It should be noted that for neutrons, at low incident energy,
the absorption is dominated by the surface component W$_{o_D}$. Beyond about 250 MeV/$c$,
the volume term W$_o$ can no longer be ignored, and at higher energies the absorption
can be completely dominated by W$_o$.

We compare the geometrical parameters $r_x$ and diffusiveness parameters
$a_x$ for $\bar nA$ and  $nA$ interactions in Table \ref{t3}. Similar to $nA$ interactions,
with the case of iron nuclei as an exception, we have in the case of $\bar nA$ that the radii $r_W$ = $r_V$
and they increase as $A$ increases. But the present $r_V$ values for the antineutron
are significantly larger than those for the neutron. For example, the $r_V$ of 1.785 fm for $\bar n$Pb annihilation
is about 45 $\%$ larger than the $r_V$ of 1.235 fm for the $n$Pb reaction. Also, in the $\bar nA$ case, even though
the $r_{W_D}$ values for $\bar nA$ and $nA$ are not that different, we have a constant value
of $r_{W_D}$ = 1.26 fm for every nuclei, whereas the $r_{W_D}$ associated with  the $nA$ reaction
decreases from the C target with $r_{W_D}$ = 1.306 fm to Pb with $r_{W_D}$ = 1.249 fm.
A similar pattern is also found with the $\bar nA$ diffusiveness parameters $a_W$ = $a_V$
and $a_{W_D}$. The diffusiveness parameters $a_V$ for $\bar nA$ also happen to be at
least a factor of 2-3 larger than those for the $nA$ interactions. Nevertheless, this set of POMP
parameters enables us to obtain theoretical cross sections that complement the experimental
annihilation cross sections across a wide momentum range.

\subsection{$\bar pA$ annihilation cross sections}

As an adjunct to predicting the $\bar nA$ annihilation and $nA$ reaction cross sections,
we further predict the $\bar pA$ annihilation cross section. We base our prediction on the
simplest assumption that both $\bar pA$  and $\bar nA$ interactions
have the same nuclear optical model potential but differs only in the long-range Coulomb interaction.
The goal here is to examine the dependence of the annihilation cross sections on the projectile
charge and to provide a benchmark for comparison against which the $\bar nA$ and
$\bar pA$ interaction potentials may differ.

In comparison to the neutral $\bar n$ projectile, according to the annihilation cross sections
depicted in figures \ref{fig1}, \ref{fig2} and \ref{fig4}(a), it is within our expectation that
the charged $\bar p$ projectile shows relatively larger annihilation cross section. As a matter of fact,
because of the additional effects from Coulomb focusing, the $\bar p$ annihilation cross
sections for all the nuclei feature a steeper rise than that of the $\bar nA$ interaction as the
projectile momentum goes down. As the projectile momentum continues to increase,
the effects from Coulomb focusing also gradually diminish. As a result, the annihilation
cross sections for both $\bar n$ and $\bar p$ merge
at $p_{\rm lab}$ $\sim$ 500 MeV/$c$, and eventually reaches Pomaranchuk's equality,
in which their cross section ratio becomes unity at $\sim$1.0 GeV/$c$. These plots also evidently
indicate that the $\bar pA$ annihilation cross sections are sensitive to the target mass number $A$.

To better understand the differences in annihilation cross sections due to $\bar p$ and $\bar n$ projectiles,
we examine the $\sigma^{\bar pA}_{\rm ann}$/$\sigma^{\bar nA}_{\rm ann}$ ratios
as a function of momentum for carbon and iron nuclei in Fig. \ref{fig3}(b). The plots show that
their behavior is similar to the momentum dependence of their annihilation cross sections, and
their slopes are remarkably steep in the region where the momentum goes to zero.
Comparing the magnitude of the iron's ratio curve to that of carbon, one clearly sees a stronger Coulomb
focusing effects for the heavier nucleus and this long-range effect weakens in the limit of large momemtum.
In addition to that, Fig.~\ref{fig3}(b) also reveals a contrasting energy-dependent in the behavior
of $\sigma^{\bar pA}_{\rm ann}$/$\sigma^{\bar nA}_{\rm ann}$ ratios in comparison
to those of $\sigma^{\bar nA}_{\rm ann}$/$\sigma^{nA}_{\rm rec}$ ratios shown in Fig.~\ref{fig3}(a) .

Fig.~\ref{fig4}(b) displays a collection of the behaviors of
$\sigma^{\bar pA}_{\rm ann}$/$\sigma^{\bar nA}_{\rm ann}$ ratios
for all target nuclei as a function of momentum. The featured behavior is consistent
with $\sigma^{\bar nA}_{\rm ann}$/$\sigma^{nA}_{\rm rec}$
where comparisons are possible, expected that the $\sigma^{\bar pA}_{\rm ann}$/$\sigma^{\bar nA}_{\rm ann}$
ratios are smaller by roughly a factor of 2. Again, all the $\sigma^{\bar pA}_{\rm ann}$/$\sigma^{\bar nA}_{\rm ann}$
ratios show strong momentum dependence at low momenta.

Recently, the ASACUSA's Collaboration took a new measurement of the $\bar p$C
annihilation cross section at a low energy of 5.3 MeV or $p_{\rm lab} =$ 100 MeV/$c$
\cite{asacusa18}. Their cross section value of 1.73 $\pm$ 0.25
barns is also plotted in Fig.~\ref{fig1}. The datum clearly touches our prediction. In addition to that,
we have also plotted the one and
only experimental datum for $\bar p$Sn at 100 MeV/$c$ in Fig.~\ref{fig4}(a4).
The down side of this case are that there is no other comparable
experimental measurements for $\bar p$ and $\bar n$ as in the
case of protons. Therefore, at this point, we will not surmise
the energy dependence of the $\bar p$Sn
cross section.

\subsection{The power laws and annihilation cross sections}

\begin{figure}[!htp]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=0.35]{nbar_anncrs_A_at_50n100MeVc.eps}
\caption{(Color online) Antineutron annihilation cross sections as a function of atomic
mass number $A^{2/3}$ at $p_{{\rm lab}}$ = 50 and 100 MeV/$c$.
The scattered points are results from POMP calculations.
The solid and dashed lines are results from
the fitting to the expression $\sigma^{\bar nA}_{\rm ann}$ = $\sigma^{\bar nA}_o A^{2/3}$.}
\label{fig5}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

Since it is of interest to find out whether $\sigma^{\bar nA}_{\rm ann}$ $\propto$ $A^{2/3}$ at low energies,
we plotted $\sigma^{\bar nA}_{\rm ann}$ at $p_{\rm lab}$ = 50 and 100 MeV/$c$ against the corresponding
mass number of $A^{2/3}$ in Fig. \ref{fig5}. The scattered points are the POMP predicted results.
They are fitted with an expression of $\sigma^{\bar nA}_{\rm ann} = \sigma^{\bar nA}_o A^{2/3}$. The fitting is rather good.
It indeed indicates that $\sigma^{\bar nA}_{\rm ann}$ has a linear dependence on $A^{2/3}$ at low energies. Apart from these,
Fig.~\ref{fig5} additionally reveals that the $\bar n$Fe annihilation cross sections appear to peculiarly deviate
from this linear dependence. Perhaps future experiments can reinvestigate this anomaly in the low-momentum region where $p_{\rm lab}$
is less than 100 MeV/$c$.

\begin{figure}[!htp]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=0.325]{yexponent.eps}
\caption{(Color online) The exponent $\alpha$ expressing the dependence of
$\sigma^{\bar nA}_{\rm ann}$, and $\sigma^{\bar pA}_{\rm ann} $ on $p_{\rm lab}$
as $\sigma^{\bar nA}_{\rm ann}$ $\propto$ 1/p$^{\alpha}_{\rm lab}$, as a function of the target mass number $A$.
The scattered points are results from the present POMP calculations.
The dashed line marks $\alpha$ = 0.530 (an average over all the targets) for the $\bar n$ projectile whereas the dotted line marks
$\alpha$ = 1.494 (an averaged over all the targets) for the $\bar p$ projectile.}
\label{fig6}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

It is also informative to examine the inverse power law of $\bar nA$ annihilation.
In the limit of low-energy, parametrizing the theoretical annihilation cross section
in an inverse power law form, $\sigma^{\bar nA}_{\rm ann}$ $\propto$ 1/p$^{\alpha}_{\rm lab}$,
in the range between 40 and 100 MeV/$c$, the $\alpha$ exponential value can
be easily determined by setting $\alpha = \partial \ln(\sigma_{\rm ann})/\partial  \ln(p_{{\rm lab}})$.
Fig.~\ref{fig6} gives the variation of $\alpha$ exponential values as a function of mass number $A^{2/3}$.
Taking an average over all the nuclear targets yields a value of $\alpha = 0.530$. This
consequently suggests that the $\sigma^{\bar nA}_{\rm ann}$ may be proportional to 1/$p^{1/2}_{{\rm lab}}$
for targets with $A~\ge$ 6. This finding appears to be far from what we learned in our
previous work \cite{Lee16}. There we found in the case of $\bar n p$, the exponential
value $\alpha$ = 1.08 in the momentum range between 30 and 95 MeV/$c$. This exponential
value is very close to the expected $\alpha$ = 1.0 value, a clear indication of the $1/p_{\rm lab}$
behavior. However, in our previous study \cite{Lee16}, the nuclear potential was assumed to be a constant there.
Here, in contrast, the nuclear optical potential depends on the projectile momentum,
causing the $\sigma_{\bar n A}$ to deviate from the $1/p_{\rm lab}$ law.

At the low-energy limit, we can see that the cross section slope for the $\bar p A$ interaction is much
steeper than the one of $\bar n A$. Therefore, it is also meaningful to check the inverse
power law form, $\sigma_{\rm ann}^{\bar p A}$  $\propto$ 1/p$^{\alpha}_{\rm lab}$, of $\bar pA$ annihilation.
Similar to what we have discussed earlier with respect to $\bar nA$ annihilation in Fig. \ref{fig6},
parametrizing the theoretical  annihilation cross section in a power law form in the range between
40 and 100 MeV/$c$ allows one to obtain the $\alpha$ exponential value. In our previous investigation
on $\bar p p$ interaction \cite{Lee16} , we found that $\alpha$ = 1.544 in the momentum range between 30 and 50 MeV/$c$.
Displayed in Fig. \ref{fig6} is the variation of $\alpha$ as a function of mass $A$. Similarly, averaging
these values over the seven nuclear targets yields a value of $\alpha$ = 1.494. As opposed to the case of $\bar n A$,
this value is close to what we found previously in the case of $\bar p p$ annihilation. This also means the
Coulomb effect is dominant at the low-energy limit and cannot be neglected. The extracted $\alpha$ = 1.494 is not quite
equal to $\alpha$ = 2.0 as expected at the very-low-energy limit \cite{Wig48,Lan58}.
This means that the approach to the lowest energy limit of $\alpha=2$ will occur at much lower energies
than the range of low energies considered here.

\section{Summary and Conclusions}
The purpose of this contribution is two-fold. The first one is to revisit and rectify our
previous annihilation cross section results for $\bar nA$ in \cite{Lee16}. The second one is
to pursue a phenomenological analysis of $\bar n$ annihilation cross section
as a function of projectile momentum $p_{\rm lab}$ and mass number $A$.

Previously, we used the extended Glauber theory \cite{Lee16}
to examine the experimental annihilation cross section data for $\bar n$
on C, Al, Fe, Cu, Ag, Sn, and Pb in the momentum range
below 500 MeV/$c$.  But an inadvertent
error arose through the Coulomb trajectory modification,
causing the results to agree with the experimental data. After amending
the theory, the re-evaluated results turned out to be in disagreement with the experimental data.

The Glauber theory is well known to be valid for high-energy collisions
in which the extend individual nucleon can be treated as an isolated scatterer.
For low-energy collisions, such description may not be as appropriate
and the traditional optical model analysis may be more suitable. For this reason
we adopt the optical model potential to analyze the momentum dependence
of $\bar n A$ annihilation cross section.

The use of a microscopic optical model potential method was previously attempted
by Friedman \cite{Fri14, Fri15} to investigate the momentum dependence of $\bar n A$ annihilation cross sections.
The investigation found that the annihilation cross section of $\bar n$ on nuclei cannot be described
by a microscopic optical potential that fits well the available data on the $\bar p$ interactions with nuclei.
Nevertheless, inspired by the works of Friedman and Koning and Delaroche \cite{Koning03},
we explored a new form of momentum dependent optical model potential to
describe the $\bar nA$ interaction. Even though it is phenomenological and local,
the presented optical model potential of Eq.(7) is quite different
from that of the Koning and Delaroche and that of Friedman. It is simple, as well as
comprehensive enough to treat very-low-momentum $\bar nA$
and $\bar pA$ annihilations. We employed the momentum-dependent optical model potential
in the Schr\"{o}dinger equation and the equation is solved using
the standard distorted wave method provided in the ECIS97 computer
program \cite{Raynal97} to evaluate the annihilation cross sections for $\bar nA$ and $\bar pA$.
Similarly, we have also applied the Koning-Delaroche's momentum-dependent
optical model potential to examine the $nA$ non-elastic reaction
cross sections on on C, Al, Fe, Cu, Ag, Sn, and Pb. We showed that the
calculated cross sections are in reasonable agreement with the recommended
data from Brookhaven National Laboratory's database.

Although, in this study, we found that the present $\bar nA$ annihilation cross sections
fit the experimental data rather well, this does not mean that we have
fundamentally understood the neutral $\bar nA$ annihilation
mechanism. In fact, the opposite is true.
For a start, even though both the $\bar nA$ and $nA$ interactions are Coulomb-free,
why does the $\sigma^{\bar nA}_{\rm ann}/\sigma^{ nA}_{\rm rec}$
cross section ratio appears to be so large (almost by a factor of 2)? From a simple
geometrical argument,  in comparison to the
incoming neutron $n$, why does the antineutron $\bar n$ seems to have a
larger ``effective area" for the target nuclei to react? Further theoretical and
experimental efforts are necessary to address these fundamental questions.

In the low-energy range considered here, we have demonstrated and verified that $\sigma^{\bar nA}_{\rm ann}$
is indeed approximately proportional to $A^{2/3}$. We have illustrated that for neutral or
Coulomb-free $\bar n A$ interactions the annihilation $\sigma^{\bar nA}_{\rm ann}$ $\propto$ 1/$p_{\rm lab}^\alpha$.
In addition, we have also shown that the $\alpha$ value for charged $\bar p A$ interactions is significantly larger
than the $\alpha$ value for the neutral $\bar nA$ interactions. We presume that this is likely
due to the additional Coulomb effects on top of nuclear interactions for charged $\bar p A$ interactions.
In conclusion, we have calculated the $\bar n A$ annihilation cross section based
on the simplest assumption that both $\bar n A$ and $\bar pA$ interactions
have the same nuclear optical potential but differ only in the long-range
electrostatic interaction. Any deviation from such a simple model extrapolation
in measurements will shed new and desirable information on the difference between $\bar nA$
and $\bar pA$ potentials.

\vspace*{0.1cm}
\centerline {\bf Acknowledgment}
\vspace*{0.2cm}
The authors thank Drs.~Robert Varner, Yuri Kamyshkov and Luca Venturelli for helpful
discussions and communications. The research was supported in
part by the Division of Nuclear Physics, U.S. Department of Energy
under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725.

\vspace*{-0.3cm}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
FROM ubuntu:14.04

MAINTAINER Luke Nimtz <luke.nimtz@gmail.com>

ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND noninteractive

# install dependencies
RUN dpkg --add-architecture i386
RUN apt-get update
RUN apt-get install -y libstdc++6:i386 libgcc1:i386 libcurl4-gnutls-dev:i386

# install steam
WORKDIR /root/steamcmd
ADD https://steamcdn-a.akamaihd.net/client/installer/steamcmd_linux.tar.gz ./
RUN tar -xvzf steamcmd_linux.tar.gz

# download and install dst (this part can take a while)
ADD dst-update.sh /bin/dst-update.sh
RUN chmod +x /bin/dst-update.sh
RUN /bin/dst-update.sh

ADD entrypoint.sh /bin/entrypoint.sh
RUN chmod +x /bin/entrypoint.sh

# add server configs
ADD configs/ /root/.klei/DoNotStarveTogether/Cluster_1/

VOLUME /root/.klei/

# expose master port (only master will listen on this)
EXPOSE 10889

# run server
# this entrypoint will accept a -shard run option for the server
# (see docker-compose file)
WORKDIR /root/dst/bin
ENTRYPOINT ["/bin/entrypoint.sh"]

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The tee adapter connects to the water supply shutoff valve. It needs to fit the threads on your valve, but make sure one of the outlets is 1/4-inch O.D. (outside diameter) for the new refrigerator water supply line.... 1/4" Fridge Water Filter Pipe /... 1/4" Inch Water Filter Pipe / Tubing. Price is per metre, any custom length is available. Suitable for connecting Fridges with water dispensers, such as Samsung, LG, Daewoo, GE SmartWater and others.
SAMSUNG RF4287HARS USER MANUAL Pdf Download.
If you have access to the lines in the basement, I'd tee off them and install a wall hookup for the fridge, like this. Then you just have to thread on the (replacement stainless steel braided) line …... Hello, We purchased a new Samsung 28 Cubic Foot Refrigerator w/ Counter Height Freezer Drawer -- Model RF4287HARS yesterday. When we were setting it up we noticed that the plastic tubing for the water line was missing a part.
22/10/2014 · The installation guys weren't able to install the ice maker line, since the line was torn (our last fridge didn't have an ice maker, but there was one behind the fridge.) The spare one they brought was too short, so they suggested I repair the one already in place. I tried, and failed. Help! Details inside.... Get a container to catch water from the tube and test the water line by pushing on the water dispenser switch. If water comes out of the tube, the problem is a frozen line in your door. If water does not come out of the tube, your frozen line is in the refrigerator.
• The water supply to this refrigerator must only be installed/connected by a suitably qualified person and connect to a potable water supply only. • In order to operate the ice maker properly, water pressure of 138 ~ 862 Kpa is required.
Looking for someone to help with shifting big Samsung fridge ( french door/ double door - with water/ice dispenser on one door)from Garage to Kitchen .As the fridge is unable to pass through the entry/ side door due to small entrance of the house, need to dismantle the fridge doors and take inside and then assemble the doors again.


Production Co.: Victor Film Company. Distributor: Universal. Producer/Director: Harry Myers. Story: Samuel Greiner. Cast: Harry Myers (Mr. Cherub), Rosemary Theby (Mrs. Cherub), Nora Cecil (Mrs. Gossip). Transfer Note: Copied at 18 frames per second from a 35mm print preserved by the Library of Congress from source material provided by EYE Filmmuseum. New Music: Ben Model. Running Time: 15 minutes.
Harry Myers is remembered today for playing the drunken millionaire in Charlie Chaplin's City Lights (1931), but few know that he was something of a Chaplin himself in the teens, when he produced, directed, wrote, and starred in a series of sophisticated domestic comedies with his screen partner Rosemary Theby. He even designed some of the sets.
After getting started at Lubin, the couple moved around quite a bit; their first stop was the Victor Film Company. The company had been formed in 1912 by star Florence Lawrence and her husband Harry Salter, and had become part of Universal Pictures' umbrella of brands. A Model Husband was made for Victor and was shot at Universal's facility in Fort Lee, New Jersey, which gives the film a different look from that of the regular Hollywood-made comedies. East Coast actors were used, and the standout performer is Nora Cecil, who plays the snooty Mrs. Gossip. Cecil was an Irish-born actor who specialized in gossips, girls' school matrons, and mean landladies. Around the time that A Model Husband was made she also appeared in Mary Pickford's Poor Little Rich Girl (1917) and Tillie Wakes Up (1917), with Marie Dressler, and she continued her cinematic reign of terror well into the sound era with films like Stagecoach (1939) and I Married a Witch (1942).
Myers and Theby stayed at Victor for a year and a half before switching their popular series to the Vim Film Corporation in Jacksonville, Florida. When Vim closed in early 1917 they took over the studio facilities for their own Myers-Theby Productions, which were distributed by Pathe. A team in the minds of their public, they appear to have been a couple off-screen, too, but didn't marry until the latter 1920s, as Myers had a wife and children in Philadelphia.
By 1918 they dissolved their formal partnership, and each moved into starring roles in features, although they memorably reteamed for the 1921 film version of Mark Twain's A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court. Having stopped directing and writing, Myers became a busy character comedian with plum roles in The Marriage Circle (1924), Zander the Great (1925), Exit Smiling (1926), and The Girl in the Pullman (1927), while Theby's films included Kismet (1920) and So Big (1924).
By the end of the decade their careers had waned, and after his last hurrah opposite Chaplin in City Lights, Myers descended to walk-ons in sound films until his death in 1938. Theby took small roles in features and shorts; her best-known later role was as Ma Snavely in W.C. Fields' The Fatal Glass of Beer (1933). She was working as an extra at the time of Myers' death and left Hollywood after remarrying. She died in 1973.
—Steve Massa, film historian and author of Lame Brains and Lunatics: The Good, the Bad, and the Forgotten of Silent Comedy.
A Model Husband was preserved in 2015 at Colorlab Corp using a 35mm nitrate print from EYE Filmmuseum. The intertitles were translated from the Dutch and are modern recreations. The work was supervised by the Library of Congress with funding provided by the National Film Preservation Foundation.
A resident accompanist at the Museum of Modern Art and the Library of Congress' Packard Campus Theater, Ben Model has performed live scores for silent films over the past 30 years at film festivals, universities, museums, and historic theaters around the country. He is also the producer and co-founder of The Silent Clowns Film Series in New York City. For more information about his work, please visit his website.


text:
I want to get an Account
I need to Login
Disavowed Comic
Name: Disavowed
Alternate Name: Disavowed 2000
Author: Brandon Choi, Michael Heisler
Genre: DC Comics, Mystery
Latest Disavowed Issues
Start Reading Disavowed
Facebook Twitter Google Plus Reddit
Read Disavowed Comic Online
Like his law-enforcer father and grandfather before him, FBI Special Agent Dalton Morrell has a remarkable gift: he possesses the memories of his ancestors. Now joins others with gifts of their own in a common cause — saving the world from a mysterious, chillingly malevolent force — in DISAVOWED, an ongoing HOMAGE COMICS series thats a creepy, shudder-inducing excursion into the supernatural. Written by Brandon Choi (GEN13) and Michael Heisler (DV8), with atmospheric art and covers (the first four of which fit together to form a single, powerful image) by Tommy Lee Edwards (The Blair Witch Project, WILD TIMES: DEATHBLOW), DISAVOWED begins with Dalton haunted by nightmares of the distant past...nightmares revolving around a vicious murderer whose crime spree seems to have lasted for nearly a century, continuing into the present. But s not alone in combatting the Killer with a Thousand Faces for long, as hes soon joined by other strangely-powered entities — among them a magician with true mind-over-matter powers and a Russian-born empath trained by I.O. — who have had run-ins of their own with the secret power that lurks behind this supernatural killer. Joined by a surprising fourth member, these heroes stand together against an evil that is nearly impossible to define — and even harder to defeat — struggling to foil its plans for global annihilation as the end of the Millennium approaches.
Disavowed Chapter (Issue) List
Disavowed #1 11/10/18
Following Comics
You need login to follow comics.
Disavowed
Copyright © Comic Online Free | All Right Reserve!
Recent Comic Issues
Completed (Finished) Comics

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Flexicon launches new French language website
Flexicon has launched a new 223 page French language website, www.flexicon.fr detailing the company's bulk handling equipment and systems utilised across industries that fill, discharge, weigh batch or convey bulk solid materials.
"The new website improves online access to information on Flexicon equipment and engineered systems by our French-language customers and prospects in France, Canada and elsewhere," says Greg Slack, Vice President Global Sales, adding: "Those located in France will additionally benefit from Flexicon's new factory-direct sales office in the Dijon region led by Emmanuel Decoeur, Regional Sales Manager."
The new website details Flexicon's mechanical and pneumatic conveyors; bulk bag conditioners, dischargers and fillers; bag dump stations; drum, box and container tippers; and weigh batching systems – a total of 108 equipment configurations including integrated plant-wide systems with automated controls available to industrial, food, dairy and pharmaceutical standards.
The site also lists 1575 bulk materials handled by Flexicon equipment, and details the company's full-scale test laboratories and lifetime performance guarantee.
Flexicon operates manufacturing facilities in the United States, United Kingdom, Australia and South Africa, and maintains factory-direct sales offices in Spain, Germany, Singapore, Indonesia, Chile, and now France.
Read the article online at: https://www.drybulkmagazine.com/product-news/21082019/flexicon-launches-new-french-language-website/
Rapp Advertising, Inc.


Deb Vevea lets the customer's priorities drive the consultation to ensure their visit is based on their agenda. She provides strategic options and therapies that have evidenced-based benefits. A creative problem solver, Deb Vevea always thinks about options and new ways to approach problems.
Deb Vevea has 30 years of experience in nutrition and diabetes and is a registered dietitian, certified diabetes educator and licensed nutritionist – registered in the state of Minnesota.
Deb Vevea enjoys helping people feel better. She likes researching family history and has traveled to Poland, where she found her grandmother's home and several cousins who still live there.


text:
James Comey still won't admit the truth
By Post Editorial Board
December 15, 2019 | 9:49pm	| Updated December 15, 2019 | 10:18pm
Former FBI director James Comey AP
So former FBI chief Jim Comey finally admits the glaringly obvious: "I was overconfident as director in our procedures" in getting a warrant to wiretap a Trump campaign aide and the bureau's behavior "was not acceptable."
Comey came to this belated mea culpa during a tough Sunday interview by Fox News' Chris Wallace, after a damning report from Justice Department Inspector General Michael Horowitz, which slammed "the entire chain of command" under Comey for major "performance failures."
Yet, while Comey has accepted the basic facts Horowitz uncovered — even saying, "He's right, I was wrong" — he is still in deep denial on key IG findings.
Notably, he's still insisting the FBI didn't rely all that much on the notorious Steele Dossier, even as he claims that Steele was somehow credible. In fact, Horowitz showed that the dossier was "essential" to the bureau's getting the warrant — and that the FBI's own checking showed that Steele was highly unreliable, and even that his sources didn't back up his claims about what they'd said.
Ted Cruz rips FBI, DOJ officials as 'Beavis and Butt-Head'
Texas Sen. Ted Cruz tore into the FBI agents and...
When Wallace pushed on whether he had been falsely minimizing the investigation's reliance on Steele, Comey eventually gave the non-apology, "If I was, then I'm sorry that I did that."
The ex-lawman says his claim that the IG "vindicated" the investigation refers only to the way he says it undercut President Trump's charges that the probe was improper. Comey repeatedly insisted the investigation had been opened by the book and claimed Horowitz had only exposed "mistakes and negligence," not actual misconduct.
Yet all the "negligence" ran in the same direction. Horowitz didn't find smoking-gun evidence of bias, but the overall record speaks for itself.
Deceiving the court that OKs counterintelligence eavesdropping so that you can spy on a presidential campaign, continuing that investigation even as none of the evidence checks out and allowing repeated leaking to the press of falsehoods about the new president all add up to more than "mistakes."
It's clear that Comey considers himself the most honorable man in the world, yet now it's proven he's made a mess of both the Hillary Clinton and Trump investigations. At best, Comey was played by other Obamaites and by his own agenda-driven subordinates into boosting an all-out drive to completely derail and delegitimize the new administration. At worse, he was complicit. Either way, he made a mockery of the FBI.
Filed under editorial , fbi , james comey
Democrats don't see the diversity that's staring them in t...


Beautiful 4 bed 2 bath plus study. Spacious kitchen with granite countertops, stainless steel appliances and sink, walk-in pantry. Large master suite, vaulted ceiling, jetted soaking tub, separate shower, dual sink vanity, and large walk-in closet. Covered patio overlooking spacious fenced backyard. A must see!!
Please contact me about 401 Pacific Crest Trail.


MakerDAO token holders have once more voted to improve charges charged to these taking out programmatic loans on the blockchain by way of its U.S. dollar-backed ethereum stablecoin DAI.
The fourth and largest charge hike to the DAI "Stability Fee," customers who take out loans with MakerDAO to generate new DAI will quickly be required to pay a 7.5 % charge when closing out the mortgage.
No funds might be moved from the Burner contract and all MakerDAO tokens (MKR) held inside it are destroyed. The function of the charge is strictly to handle imbalances in provide and demand of the DAI token that trigger its valuation to stray away from the greenback.
Yet, since February, DAI's valuation has persistently fallen in need of $1, and as MakerDAO's head of buying and selling Joseph Quintilian famous throughout a governance name last Thursday, over-the-counter buying and selling for the DAI persists between the $zero.95 and $zero.99 vary.
During Thursday's scientific danger and governance name, danger administration lead on the MakerDAO Foundation Cyrus Younessi highlighted that final week there was an preliminary increase to DAI market worth – possible as an consequence of the two % improve to the Stability Fee – however costs once more have retracted to under the focused $1 valuation.
By elevating charges, MakerDAO token holders hope to trigger a contraction to the DAI provide relative to the continued demand and thereby push the greenback peg up to a gentle $1 valuation.
Looking forward, MakerDAO token holders will vote to ratify the choice and execute the four % Stability Fee hike into the protocol. During final week's government vote to implement a 2 percent fee raise, MKR holders have been in a position to ratify the rise in roughly 10 hours with a complete of 37 votes.
Having concluded the primary spherical of voting with roughly 40,700 MKR tokens staked in help of the proposal in the present day, the chief vote might be launched tomorrow at 17:00 (UTC).
In addition, he highlighted that a complete of 73 % of voters who staked MKR tokens voted in favor of the four % increase. Of the whole MKR tokens staked, 75.6 % have been staked in favor of the four % increase.
"There's this interesting alignment of Maker tokens staked and number of people involved…We've seen a good distribution of people signaling regardless of whether they are a whale or not, which implies we have a healthy [voting] system," stated Brown earlier than the governance ballot formally closed.


i work in a hospital as medical technologist..im a loving,caring and understanding person.im not into games as well so im not the one ur looking for.im a happy person loves to hang out with my friends.well hope i can find one here friends then who knows..?
im a simple person with a big heart iam a friendly person i love watching tv, bar happing, i love to dance cook, singing and i love to go around the world.
I`m simple, faithful/loyal, honest, sweet, kind, loving, God-loving, God-fearing, and educated woman who is seeking my destined man/best-half, wanted to have my own child or children soon through God`s continuous blessings.
i care bout other people feelings,im now more matured and now i want to find someone that can give mutual respect.
I am just a simple girl who is longing for some love and affection. I love adventure a lot. I am a down to earth type of person. I am friendly and kinda talkative..lol..
Just call me Grace , from Philippines. I am simple sweet and caring woman. I love cooking . I'm Godly and family oriented person. funny and sweet and easy going .
not perfect but i assure u i'm a good looking..


text:
Q: Should there be a "No vote, but okay" option in reviewing first posts? I'm happy to see the "first posts" facet arriving on the Beta Review system.
I like that it encourages reviewers to make a decisive move on a question or answer, but frankly, I think there should be a No vote, but okay option in addition to the I'm done and Not sure ones.  I think that there are some posts that are perfectly acceptable, but that show no demonstrable lack of effort or lack of clarity that might warrant a downvote.
I am a firm advocate for voting good quality posts up, I just think that forcing an option of voting or making the reviewer throw their work back into the pool untouched (assuming no edits or flags, etc. are needed) may be detrimental in the long term.

A: I'm sympathetic, but...
A big problem with the old /review interface was the demotivating feeling of being overwhelmed  by volume - when you're looking at a list of 30 posts, and then realizing that this page is only .01% of the total... It starts to look like you're being asked to boil the ocean. It didn't help either that there was effectively no guidance on what you were expected to do with this information. They were great "info-porn" tools (like most of the 10k tools), but not a particularly effective way of getting new folks involved in the moderation of the site.
I should mention at this point that some of you did try your hand at cleaning these stables, and put a lot of effort in - I do greatly appreciated this, but... The number of people using these tools was tiny, folks were burning themselves out, and the amount of work kept growing. Particularly on Stack Overflow, this was simply not a sustainable model for encouraging community moderation.
So the philosophy of the new Community Review Dashboard queues is simple:

*

*Bite-sized tasks to provide some feeling of accomplishment.

*Specific action items for each task.

*Task-specific guidance to help introduce new community-moderators to the tasks.

*Limits on what can go in the queues to ensure they can actually be cleared.

*Rate-limits on what any given person can do in a day to discourage folks from burning themselves out.

None of these are intended to replace the way in which most people use Stack Exchange: browsing through questions, answering, voting, editing and flagging as they go. Rather, these queues focus on specific areas that just aren't getting quite enough attention organically.
The "First Posts" queue is no different...
A new member's first action on the site - and the response it garners from the community - tends to set the tone for whatever comes next. If your first post is spam and it's destroyed within minutes, the site looks like less of an easy target. If your first post is an incredibly well-researched answer and it gets an immediate up-vote, the site looks like a good place to hang around and contribute to. Therefore, it is important that we make the most of this opportunity to provide either positive or negative feedback.
That doesn't mean you have to though. Speaking for myself, there are a lot of posts on Stack Overflow that I really don't have much of an opinion on. Either I know nothing of the subject, or I'm just bored by the specific problem that's never personally afflicted me. Sometimes I'll still edit, if I see obvious formatting, spelling or grammar corrections - but most of the time I'll just move on - "Not sure" is the proper response here - I would much rather leave it for someone who has an interest to rate, critique, or correct.

I am a firm advocate for voting good quality posts up, I just think that forcing an option of voting or making the reviewer throw their work back into the pool untouched (assuming no edits or flags, etc. are needed) may be detrimental in the long term.

Collecting "Meh" votes is completely useless, except perhaps as cathartic busywork for the voter. The bigger problem here is that if you're encountering a lot of posts that you can't see your way to acting on, we're failing to put the right tasks in front of you. There's a limit to how well we can do this, since all we really have to go on is the tags you've been active in (or specified in your preferences) - but if it turns out that folks tend to shrug their shoulders at, say, posts older than a week, or posts with an existing vote, or posts written in iambic pentameter, then we might still be able to adjust what you see.
So for now, we're tracking everything: who's using the queue and what they're doing or not doing in it. There's no point in making changes to what's in the queue until we see what folks are doing with what's in there now...
Update: A "no action needed" action was added after observing entirely too many people unable to bring themselves to click "Skip". We're still observing this (both manually and automatically), and on occasion blocking folks who use it to rubber-stamp posts that badly need action.

A: I found your question because I was about to post a similar one and was looking for duplicates.  Needless to say, I agree. ;)
Often I find myself reviewing a post where I see nothing that needs changing; the poster has done everything necessary and the quality is good. If the voting currently stands at 0 (or less), I'm happy to vote up.  But where the voting is already >0, I become less sure.  On the one hand, I want to pass this question through review, but another upvote feels like a misleading vote for the importance of the content, which is not the purpose of a review (I think).  I'm also conscious that several other reviewers may be looking at the same post; if we all hit +1 for reviewing purposes, I really feel that we're adding misleading information to the vote tally.  I would appreciate a Fit for purpose button; it could even automate the process of adding one vote if the current tally is <= 0, but otherwise just take the post out of the review queue.
Note: I think this is closely tied to the issue raised here.  I do not believe a "Fit for Purpose" option would encourage more review gaming and it might even reduce the harm done, if the gamers just switched to hitting "Fit for Purpose".

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Category «Information Management»
A bit about PURLs
By Ed Summers, 20 Jan 2022
Ed Summers, librarian, metadata expert, teacher, and computational expert, delivers an insighful lesson on the Persistent Uniform Resource Locator. PURLs were developed to make URLs more resilient and persistent over time. You could put a PURL into a catalog record and if the URL it pointed to needed to change you changed the redirect on the PURL server, and all the places that pointed to the PURL didn't need to change. It was a beautifully simple idea, and has influenced other approaches like DOI and Handle. But this simplicity depends on a commitment to keeping the PURL up to date.
Subjects: Archives, Cataloging, Digital Archives, Information Architecture, Information Management, Information Mapping, Internet Resources - Web Links, KM, Reference Resources, Search Strategies
Information Quality Resources 2022
Librarians, researchers, journalists, teachers and students are continually confronted with what can be described as a kind of information miasma when using online sites, databases, resources, images and social media. No sector or discipline is immune to misinformation, disinformation, hoaxes, lack of data quality, and biased research. This guide by Marcus Zillman highlights actionable resources to evaluate and identify online malfeasance, as well as sources to verify information and data quality that is critical to our professions. These two efforts often intersect, and require vigilance and continuing education respective to effectively confronting the challenges they present.
Subjects: Big Data, Competitive Intelligence, Education, Information Management, Internet Resources - Web Links, KM, Libraries & Librarians, Reference Resources, Search Strategies, Social Media, Technology Trends, Viruses & Hoaxes
Pete Recommends – Weekly highlights on cyber security issues, November 28, 2021
By Pete Weiss, 28 Nov 2021
Privacy and security issues impact every aspect of our lives – home, work, travel, education, health and medical records – to name but a few. On a weekly basis Pete Weiss highlights articles and information that focus on the increasingly complex and wide ranging ways technology is used to compromise and diminish our privacy and security, often without our situational awareness. Five highlights from this week: An introduction to U.S. data compliance laws; Companies ditching VPNs for zero trust architectures to secure hybrid workplaces; Research finds US adults have context-specific views on biometric technology use; Apple iOS privacy settings to change now; and Mozilla has released a new platform for privacy-focused email communications.
Subjects: Criminal Law, Cybercrime, Cyberlaw, Cybersecurity, E-Commerce, Economy, Email Security, Healthcare, Information Architecture, Information Management, Privacy, Securities Law, Shopping, Social Media, Technology Trends
Trump wants the National Archives to keep his papers away from investigators – post-Watergate laws and executive orders may not let him
By Shannon Bow O'Brien, 29 Oct 2021
Professor Shannon Bow O'Brien is a presidency scholar who focuses upon rhetoric. She discusses how the National Archives usually goes on with its work with little attention, but that is now at the center of a political fight about the public's access to the papers of former President Donald Trump.
Subjects: Archives, Criminal Law, Freedom of Information, Government Resources, Information Management, KM, Legal Research
Data privacy laws in the US protect profit but prevent sharing data for public good – people want the opposite
By Bryan M. Carson, Brian N. Larson and Hye-Chung Kum, 31 Aug 2021
Cason Schmit, Brian N. Larson and Hye-Chung Kum are faculty at the school of public health and the law school at Texas A&M University with expertise in health information regulation, data science and online contracts. U.S. data protection laws often widely permit using data for profit but are more restrictive of socially beneficial uses. They wanted to ask a simple question: Do U.S. privacy laws actually protect data in the ways that Americans want? Using a national survey, we found that the public's preferences are inconsistent with the restrictions imposed by U.S. privacy laws.
Subjects: AI, Big Data, Digital Archives, Health, Healthcare, Information Management, KM, Privacy
Pete Recommends – Weekly highlights on cyber security issues, August 15, 2021
By Pete Weiss, 15 Aug 2021
Privacy and security issues impact every aspect of our lives – home, work, travel, education, health and medical records – to name but a few. On a weekly basis Pete Weiss highlights articles and information that focus on the increasingly complex and wide ranging ways technology is used to compromise and diminish our privacy and security, often without our situational awareness. Four highlights from this week: Here's How Amazon Third-Party Sellers Reportedly Hound Customers Who Leave Bad Reviews; Microsoft Edge's 'Super Duper Secure Mode' Does What It Says; The Ethics of Data: Anonymity Vs Analytics; and Apple Can Scan Your Photos for Child Abuse and Still Protect Your Privacy – If the Company Keeps Its Promises.
Subjects: Congress, Cybercrime, Cybersecurity, Email Security, Encryption, Information Management, KM, Legal Research, Legislative, Privacy, Search Strategies
Why Informal Information Sharing is Holding Your Organization Back
By Mary Ellen Bates, 24 Apr 2021
This article by Mary Ellen Bates is an excerpt from her recent presentation "The Strategic Value of Copyright Licensing Solutions," to which she also provides a video link. Bates discusses ways published information is being used throughout organizations that you may not have considered, and the impact on copyright compliance.
Subjects: Communications, Competitive Intelligence, Copyright, Information Management, KM, Libraries & Librarians, Technology Trends, Training
The Case for Law Practice Management Software
By Nicole L. Black, 30 Mar 2021
The software that lawyers relied on to run their firms used to be premise-based, but as reported by Nicole L. Black, in 2021 cloud computing software is the most prevalent. In fact, even before the pandemic, lawyers were adopting cloud-based legal software at higher rates than ever before. According to the 2020 ABA Legal Technology Survey Report, 59% of lawyers surveyed were already already using cloud-based software pre-COVID. Notably, the results of another survey conducted by MyCase in mid-2020, showed the social distancing requirements of the pandemic have only served to accelerate this trend.
Subjects: Case Management, Communications, Information Architecture, Information Management, KM, Legal Technology, Technology Trends
New Normal Start Up Resources 2021
By Marcus P. Zillman, 28 Feb 2021
As we collectively work toward establishing a post-coronavirus future, there is a need to go beyond identifying operational goals, objectives, products and services tied to work in physical locations. For both existing organizations and startups, effectively pivoting to a future that includes routine remote work and online collaboration that drives all facets of management, development, marketing, and communications. This guide by Marcus P. Zillman identifies a wide range of actionable resources that can help empower new companies and established public and private sector organizations as they navigate challenges and leverage new opportunities.
Subjects: Business Research, Communications, Competitive Intelligence, Information Management, KM, Social Media
Managing Metadata: An Examination of Successful Approaches
By Amber Lee Dennis, 30 Nov 2020
If Google can deliver results across the entire internet in seconds, why do I have so much trouble finding things in my organization?" asked Jonathan Adams, Research Director at Infogix, at the DATAVERSITY® DGVision Conference, December 2019. In a presentation titled, "I Never Metadata I did Not Like" Adams outlined successful approaches to understanding and managing metadata – as reported by Amber Lee Dennis.
Subjects: Business Research, Competitive Intelligence, E-Discovery, Information Architecture, Information Management, Information Mapping, KM, Search Engines, Technology Trends


Image Title: Sage Green Comforter Set King Sets In Idea 17. Filename: sage-green-comforter-set-king-sets-in-idea-17.jpg. Image Dimension: 650 x 520 pixels. Images Format: jpg/jpeg. Publisher/Author: Jamir Cole. Uploaded Date: Monday - May 21st. 2018 08:34:28 AM. Category: Bedroom. Image Source: dornob.com.
Tap The Thumbnail Bellow to See Related Gallery of "Sage Green Comforter Set King Sets In Idea 17"


HASTINGS – After years of problems with the Highway 6 and Adams Central Avenue intersection, the Adams Central Public School Board approved an interlocal agreement with Adams County and the Nebraska Department of Transportation to pay 15.75 percent of the project, not to exceed $520,000, to change the intersection into a roundabout. Adams County will pay for 23.64 percent of the project, not to exceed $780,000.
Superintendent Shawn Scott says it's great to see all these entities work together.
The nice thing with that is that two local entities that worked together, hand in hand to try and find a solution for this. You look back, Adams Central has been working on this intersection and trying to make it safer for at least four decades. So when you sit down and you look at this and something finally happened, it was great. I appreciate the Adams County Board of Supervisors, the Adams County Road Superintendent, everybody working together to come up with a solution.
The project is expected to be completed by the summer of 2020.


text:
Suspect assaults driver, crashes multiple cars in SF's Mission District
by: Aaron Tolentino, Nexstar Media Wire
Posted: Nov 26, 2022 / 09:53 AM CST
SAN FRANCISCO (KRON) – A suspect was taken into custody after hijacking an articulated city bus in San Francisco on Friday night.
Police told Nexstar's KRON that the suspect boarded the San Francisco Municipal Transport bus (Muni bus) in the city's Mission District around 7:53 p.m., and assaulted the driver before taking the wheel. The suspect then took the bus on a mile-and-a-half joyride, police said.
There were no passengers on the bus when it was hijacked, according to authorities.
Tinder date accused of carjacking woman, offering to sell her the car
Video obtained by KRON shows the Muni bus crashing into a car while making a right turn. Police later confirmed that the bus struck approximately 10 vehicles while the suspect was operating it.
The bus eventually came to a stop at 19th and Guerrero Streets.
An ambulance was called to attend to another driver and the bus driver, according to SFPD. Their injuries appeared to be "non-life-threatening," officials said.
What to do if your vehicle loses traction on wintry roads
Grizzly bears haven't been in this national park since 1996: Why officials want them back


text:
Five workers injured at two construction sites
Government agencies investigating incidents
Two workers were injured following a scaffolding collapse in Ontario on Wednesday, according to a report.
The incident happened in Durham Region, at a jobsite in Courtice located in the area of Prestonvale Road and Southfield Avenue.
A scaffolding collapsed while four workers were performing work on a residential house that morning, according to the Ministry of Labour, Immigration, Training and Skills Development (MLITSD).
Emergency crews were called to the scene at 10:50 a.m.
One male sustained a non-life threatening injury and possibly three others were injured, reported Daily Commercial News.
A ministry inspector has been assigned, and the investigation is ongoing.
The incident happened just a couple of days after two workers died and two others were injured in a trench collapse at a construction site on Rossland Road, between Westney and Ravenscroft roads, in Ajax.
Ontario's Ministry of Labour is also investigating an incident that left one worker seriously injured at a residential construction project in Alderville First Nation late in July.
Meanwhile, another worker was injured at a construction site in Manitoba.
The incident happened on Aug. 8 in a construction zone on the Trans-Canada Highway at the west end of Portage la Prairie.
A 26-year-old man from Brandon was working on the site when he came into contact with a tow behind a compactor. This caused "significant injuries," according to RCMP Manitoba.
The worker was transported to hospital where he remains in stable condition.
Manitoba Workplace Safety and Health is investigating the incident.
Previously, Manitoba employer Sandhill Construction was fined $18,500 after one of its workers was injured in the workplace. The incident happened on July 16, 2018, when a worker employed by the company was helping install rafters on a two-storey garage in the Rural Municipality of Alexander.
In July, a construction worker was struck by a vehicle on Highway 28 just east of Peterborough in Ontario. The worker sustained serious injuries from the incident. The worker was transported to a Toronto-area hospital.
Also, one construction worker was injured in an industrial accident that happened as crews were spreading asphalt on the Trans-Canada Highway.
Vocal stress prevalent among actors in video game voiceover field: Report
Two bodies recovered after construction site trench collapse


text:
"My 100 Children" directed by Amalia Margolin and Oshra Schwartz
Fot. z kolekcji rodziny Kuchler
"My 100 children" directed by Amalia Margolin and Oshra Schwartz, tells the extraordinary story of Lena Kuchler, a Jewish woman who saved one hundred children orphaned during the Holocaust. After the war, Kuchler created an orphanage, and then, when it became necessary, smuggled her children across the border, bringing them to Palestine via Paris. The return of "Lena's children" to Poland after many years is an opportunity to reminisce, reflect, and hear moving, often surprising stories.
The film will be followed by a debate with:
Oshra Schwartz – director of the film,
Yaakov Guterman – painter, one of Lena Kuchler's "children",
Jean-Yves Potel – former cultural attaché at the French Embassy in Warsaw, currently a collaborator of the Mémorial de la Shoah in Paris,
Dr. Helena Datner – academic supervisor of the Museum Core Exhibition "Postwar" gallery, specializing in the history of the Jewish community in Poland after World War II and sociological research on anti-Semitism.
Tickets – 5 PLN
Lena Kuchler was born in 1910 in Wieliczka. She studied philosophy at the Jagiellonian University, specializing in psychology and teaching. In 1939, she taught at the Jewish school in Bielsk. Survivor of the ghetto in Wieliczka. She survived the war on the "Aryan" side under a false name, having escaped from a train taking her to the death camp at Bełżec. After returning to Krakow in 1945, she found several dozen Jewish orphans in an overcrowded shelter on Długa St. She proceeded to found orphanages, funded by the Polish state and the American JOINT, in Zakopane and Rabka. Over 100 children, aged between 3 and 15, found shelter and safety there. Teaching was based on methods inspired by the work of Janusz Korczak.
As a result of an anti-Semitic raid on the orphanage in Rabka, two children were killed. The communist authorities demanded that Lena break off contacts with the American JOINT. Under these circumstances, it was impossible to go on. Thanks to the help of a Jewish organization from Switzerland, Lena escaped Poland with one hundred children. Reaching Paris in the spring of 1946, the orphans were placed in the custody of the Zionist Organization for the Protection of Jewish Children (OPEJ). At the beginning of 1949, Lena brought most of the children to Israel, where she lived until her death in 1987.
Already in Paris, Lena began to write down testimony from "her children." Meine Kinder (Moje dzieci) was the book she wrote about them in Polish (published in Yiddish). This was her first attempt at the book My 100 Children, first published in Israel in 1959. The latter was a huge success, and was quickly translated into 14 languages. The author received several awards and prizes for her subsequent books on the history of the Holocaust.
Lena Kuchler never returned to Poland. In 2000, her daughter, Shira Toren, organized a voyage in the tracks of her life, whose participants included a number of "Lena's children."
Film shown as part of the cycle "Life after the Holocaust".
Screening and debate organized in cooperation with:


Call Us at 503-966-9958 to get started today!
Looking for that plumber who can get the job done and provide the best value in town? You're in the right place! Vanguard Plumbing, LLC. is your local, affordable Hillsboro, OR plumbing company committed to delivering comfort and peace of mind to all of our customers.


text:
#ifndef ALLOY_RESET_SCOPE_H_
#define ALLOY_RESET_SCOPE_H_

#include <mutex>

namespace alloy {

template <typename T>
class ResetScope {
 public:
  ResetScope(T* value) : value_(value) {}
  ~ResetScope() {
    if (value_) {
      value_->Reset();
    }
  }

 private:
  T* value_;
};

template <typename T>
inline ResetScope<T> make_reset_scope(T* value) {
  return ResetScope<T>(value);
}

template <typename T>
inline ResetScope<T> make_reset_scope(const std::unique_ptr<T>& value) {
  return ResetScope<T>(value.get());
}

}  // namespace alloy

#endif  // ALLOY_RESET_SCOPE_H_