Making Music: Adding a D to A Controller gives digital ECHO and a host of sound manipulating effects.
Echo times of two seconds at a bandwidth of about 7kHz; choice of delay time in intervals of one millisecond; choice of bandwidth allowing over five seconds delay for voice and similar applications; freezing of sounds or phrases up to the delay length set; single shot replay; sequencing of sounds created or captured which may then be shifted in pitch prior to playback manually or using virtually any low frequency oscillator; forwards or backwards playback from memory; and Fourier synthesis of sounds. Seems like a dream effects unit? Well, these are some of the additional facilities now available by adding a digital to analogue converter to the analogue to digital converter described last month. In fact the system contains a number of unique features and because many of the capabilities are generated with software there is remarkably little hardware in addition to the Sinclair 'Spectrum' microcomputer and its usual ancillaries.
For readers who may have missed Part 1 in the July 1983 issue of E&MM we will give a very brief summary of the objectives for the series. First, digital techniques are becoming commonplace and it behoves musicians to have a working knowledge of these techniques. Next, digital processing is becoming increasingly associated with microprocessor techniques, as distinct from hardware manipulation, and our main objective is to encourage exploration of micro techniques using a learning by doing approach. The software developed for the series is completely accessible to the user and additional information is provided with the cassettes containing the programs. Likewise the hardware is made as flexible as possible, particularly at the interfacing level, so that the more experimentally orientated users can add additional parts to suit their specific interests. Last, but by no means least, our emphasis will be on music making techniques as shown by the facilities described above.
Figure 1. Circuit diagram of the D/A Controller.
The overall arrangement of the signal processing scheme was shown in the Block Diagram in Part 1 but the processing of audio signals should also become clear by reference to the simplified circuit for the Digital to Analogue Controller, as shown in Figure 1. The signal to be treated is connected to J1 and amplified by IC2A using the Gain control, RV2. This amplifier will cope with line level inputs as well as most microphones. After amplification the signal is split two ways with part going to IC2B which connects with the analogue to digital converter described last month. This puts the signal into the memory of the microcomputer where it may be manipulated to provide a variety of effects, for example, delaying the signal in memory to produce an echo. After manipulation, the digital information has to be converted back to analogue form using, believe it or not, a digital to analogue converter which is described later. The reconstituted analogue signal returns, via a low pass filter, to IC2C which again allows the signal to be split. For repeat echo, and similar effects, a proportion of the signal may be re-cycled using the feedback control, RV3, connected to IC2B. The treated signal may also be mixed with the original signal by means of RV4 and IC2D. The output of the latter is connected to an amplifier. The Digital to Analogue Controller described above is in fact a fairly conventional 'front end' of the type found on most digital and analogue delay units. Another feature often found on digital units is the HOLD push button, S2, which is used for 'freezing' samples in memory. In the current design, however, it should be observed that this push button connects with one of the inputs of Port C of the 8255 PPI and so its function may be varied, by the software, to suit particular requirements.
The signal from the microprocessor, via the D to A converter need not originate from a signal applied to the input at IC2A. For example, in the A to D system described in Part 1 the program allowed samples of sound to be stored on cassette. Now these samples may be replayed from cassette and the signals will come via the memory of the micro direct to the D to A converter. In this situation only IC2C and IC2D are in use. We may also generate waveforms mathematically - more on this next time - and again only the D to A signal path is used.
Figure 2. Illustration of Quantisation error.
In view of the growing use of digital processing techniques it is worth mentioning some of the main features of digital to analogue converters in respect of their influence on performance/quality. Perhaps the first consideration is the number of bits used. The early digital delay units were based on 8 bits, as are the majority of low cost microcomputers available today. An 8 bit converter can only provide 28 (256) discrete steps whereas an original analogue signal will have infinite resolution. The difference between an original signal and the digitised reconstitution is shown in Figure 2. The black area between the voltage of the digital output and the original analogue voltage, shown by the smooth line, is known as the quantisation error and it manifests itself in much the same way as white noise in analogue systems. A little thought will make it obvious that if the width of the step is decreased then the 'volume' of the error (noise) will be reduced. In fact it can be proved that the maximum signal to noise ratio of a digital converter is equal to 6dB times the number of bits. Thus an 8-bit converter will give a signal to noise ratio of 48dB. This may seem very low but it is better, or comparable to, many recordings and AM broadcasts.
The choice of converter is not governed by the word (bit) size of the microprocessor. For example, we could use a companding 8-bit digital to analogue converter, as employed in the E&MM 'Digital Delay' and 'Transpozer' projects, and thus provide a theoretical 72dB signal to noise ratio. In other words such a converter has a performance comparable to a 12-bit D to A device and maintains a 35dB S/N ratio over a 35dB signal input range. This companding type DAC is not, however, very convenient for some of the applications provided with this project. The alternative would be to use, say, a straight 12-bit DAC and many such devices are designed for easy interfacing to eight bit micros. Such a converter would nevertheless reduce the sampling rates - which we cannot afford to do with the 'Spectrum' - and it would also effectively halve the amount of free memory available for storage or treatment. In view of these latter problems we have kept to the normal 8-bit type since they are capable of providing satisfactory quality for many situations.
We have stressed the point that the theoretical signal to noise ratio for a DAC represents the best performance that could be obtained and there are several aspects of conversion which can detract from its performance. The most serious is the lack of headroom in the conversion processes with the result that overloading immediately causes clipping and invariably this will result in severe distortion as modulation products are formed (this may be verified with the unit described in this article since it contains a precise overload indicator). There are also other sources of noise in digital conversion and most of it is of high frequency. The result is that although a digital effect unit may have a measured signal to noise ratios of, say, 72dB in practice it may not sound any better than an analogue unit with a S/N ratio of some 60dB.
Figure 3. Circuit diagram of the D/A Converter.
The actual digital to analogue converter system used is shown in Figure 3. The data bits come from Port A of the 8255 PPI on the interface board described last month. The ZN 425 used has an on-chip voltage reference whose output at pin 16 is connected to the reference input at pin 15. C5 is for decoupling. The output of the ZN 425 goes to the non-inverting amplifier built around IC2. This has a fixed gain of about 1.55 to produce about 15mV per step, or about 3V8 full scale. RV1 is provided so that the offset of the op amp may be cancelled out and this is necessary when the converter is used for synthesiser control applications. In the latter event the D to A output is taken to a separate controller where, amongst other things, the output is further amplified to give 83.33 mV/step, ie., 1 step per semitone.
Signal overload indicators are provided on the digital inputs thus ensuring a very accurate response. IC 4 is connected to the two high bits and so the green LED, D2, will illuminate when these two bits are 'ON'. When lit it means that three quarters of the maximum signal input is present and so there is less than 3dB of headroom left prior to clipping. IC 3 is connected to the highest seven bits and so when the red LED, D1, illuminates the input is either clipping, or within one step (0.39% of total signal capability) of clipping.
Output 2 of Port C of the 8255 goes to the comparator IC 5 to generate a positive going gate pulse of about 10V5. Input 4 of Port C is used to accept the 'HOLD' input from the D to A Controller. These latter items are located on the D to A PCB so as to facilitate their connection to the PPI on the interface board.
Figure 4. Output from the A/D.
Figure 5. Output from The D/A.
When a signal is converted to digital form it may be represented as shown in Figure 4, that is, a series of pulses whose number will depend on sampling rate while the width of the pulse depends on conversion time. When this same signal is output from a D to A converter the waveform is continuous, as shown by Figure 5, since its output remains constant until new digital data is supplied. The waveform therefore contains high frequency components, which are related to the sampling frequency, and these components have to be removed by low pass filtering to leave the smooth waveform, shown by the dotted line in Figure 5. Removal of these high frequency components is essential, irrespective of the sampling rate, since even if they are not audible they can create problems with audio equipment, such as overheating of speakers. Filtering becomes even more important when some of the output is fed back into the analogue to digital converter for repeat effects and the like. In the latter circumstances the higher frequencies can form cross products with the sampling frequency to produce sounds within the audio spectrum which are not harmonically related to the signal input.
Figure 6. Circuit diagram of The 24dB/Octave Low Pass Filter.
It will be evident from the foregoing that a filter with a steep cut-off will allow the widest signal bandwidth. The circuit diagram for a 24dB/octave filter used in the D to A Controller is shown in Figure 6. It is based on the CEM 3320 voltage controlled filter IC produced by Curtis Electromusic Specialties. It is a low noise, low distortion device and its use greatly simplifies design as well as providing some useful features for the user. A single potentiometer, RV1, allows the cut-off frequency to be adjusted anywhere between 20Hz and 20kHz whereas most digital effect units often only provide one output filter with a fixed cut-off frequency. The latter approach may be somewhat lower in cost but they are often restrictive in use. For example, the delay time is a function of memory capacity and sampling rate and in many units the latter is reduced to provide a long delay. If, therefore, only one filter is used then it must be set to limit bandwidth for this slowest sampling rate whereas the bandwidth could be increased for shorter delays. Similarly, manufacturers usually set the cut-off frequency of the filter significantly lower than dictated by sampling theory this being a trade off between cut-off rate and the type of signals that may be encountered. For some signals the filter cut-off could be set higher. In the software controlled system described in this article we have the capability to alter sampling rates over a wide range and so a variable filter is especially useful.
Another feature of the CEM 3320 is that it contains a separate gain cell whose output is connected to the input of the filter and this facility is often used to control resonance. In the present application resistor, R16, feeds a proportion of the output signal to the gain cell and by applying a current, via R17, the filter will oscillate at, or close to, its cut-off frequency. The current is obtained by closing switch S1 which connects +12 volts to R17. One of the programs provided allows the measurement of frequency, as described in Part 1, and so by putting the filter into oscillation the user can set the filter to specific cut-off frequency points. This is an extremely useful feature for those wishing to understand the mechanics of digital signal processing.
The final piece of hardware is another filter which is incorporated into the A to D Controller described in the previous issue. It was mentioned at that time that the signal entering the A to D converter should not contain any components with a frequency greater than half the sampling rate. Failure to observe this rule will result in foldover distortion and we will discuss this effect in a later article. The filter used is exactly the same as that described for the D to A converter so that it may be set to provide maximum bandwidth for specific circumstances. Fitting of the filter is only required when the system is used for treatment of audio signals. It does not have to be fitted for the storage oscilloscope nor when the A to D is used for DC or Keyboard sequencing applications. In fact, the filter would be bypassed for the latter.
Figure 7. Component overlay for The D/A.
Construction of the three parts described above is very straightforward so long as the usual care is taken with orientation of the IC's and the electrolytic capacitors.
First, for the Digital to Analogue Converter PCB, whose component overlay is shown in Figure 7. Install and solder the components in order of increasing height. The wire links may be made with unscreened tinned copper wire so long as the links are taut so that there is no likelihood of them touching one another. Orientation of the LED's is indicated in Figure 7 by the 'flat' on one side of the component representation which corresponds to the 'flat' on the lens of the LED. The final component to be soldered is the 10-pin Molex connector which should be properly seated onto the PCB. Now carefully check the underside of the PCB for potential shorts caused by solder blobs and splashes. If everything is satisfactory then solder the fifteen wires at the rear of the board. 1/0.6mm wire is preferred for this step and each piece should be about 6 to 7 cms. long. The D to A PCB is now mounted above the interface PCB using plastic mounting pillars. The pointed end of these pillars go into the four holes in the interface PCB and the D to A board sits on these pillars and is secured with four plastic studs which should be firmly pressed home. Lastly, neatly bend, cut and strip the free ends of the fifteen wires so that they may be neatly soldered to the corresponding holes in the interface board. There are two rows of holes on the latter and those furthest from the edge should be used so as to facilitate other additions. The positions of the holes on the D to A PCB line up with those on the interface PCB but double check the connections by reference to Figure 7 and to Figure 4 of Part 1. Placing the D to A above the interface board has been made in such a way as to allow easy access to the latter if required.
Figure 8. Component overlay for The D/A Controller.
The component overlay for the D to A Controller is shown in Figure 8 and the only additional point to observe is ensuring that the potentiometers are properly seated on the PCB prior to soldering. After installation of the components on the PCB then prepare a piece of 10-way ribbon cable, about a metre long. At one end, six of the wires are soldered to Molex pins and inserted into a 10-way Molex shell. The selection of wires and their sequence is shown by the component overlay of Figure 7 and note that no connections are made to the 'GATE' pin or to pins marked 'NC' and these represent the four unused wires which may be shortened. The other end of the ribbon cable passes through a slot made in the rear of the case and the later should be about 12 to 15 mm wide and in the middle of the case on the curved portion. The free ends of the wire connect up with the appropriate holes on the Controller PCB. These connections are in the same sequence as those on the D to A PCB so there should not be any crossing or twisting of wires. Next place an extra nut on each of the four potentiometers and secure to the panel - the component side of the PCB faces towards the top of the panel. Very little wiring remains: a connection from the points shown in Figure 8 to the corresponding jack sockets: a ground wire to each of the four sockets; a wire from '+12V TO S1' to switch S1 and the return wire to the point marked 'FROM S1'; and a wire from point marked '+5V TO S2' and a return wire to 'HOLD FROM S2'.
Figure 9. Component overlay for The Low Pass Filter.
Lastly, if the anti-aliasing filter is being installed into the A to D Controller then the components should be installed on the PCB in accordance with the overlay shown in Figure 9. Including power there are seven connections to be made and it will be easier if the wires are connected to the filter PCB prior to using the potentiometer, RV1, to secure the unit to the panel. The power supplies are readily accessible on RV4 (see Figure 6 of Part 1) while the 0V is available on the A to D Controller PCB (see Figure 5 of Part 1) or at the ground of the jack sockets. Wiring of the 'IN', 'OUT', 'RES 1' and 'RES 2' is to switches S4 and S5 which should already be installed in the Controller, the exact connections shown in Figure 6 of Part 1.
The completed DAC controller board.
1. The interface remains as in Part 1 and if a printer is available it could be usefully connected up since the programs contain facilities for plotting and printing of the waveform in memory, or at least the first few hundred bytes of memory. The A to D Controller should be connected to Channel A on the interface board (normal position).
2. The D to A Controller is connected to the Molex on the D to A PCB (check orientation). At this time set trimmer, RV1, on the latter board to its mid position.
3. Connect a signal source, such as a microphone or musical instrument, to the INPUT of the D to A Controller and turn the GAIN control anti-clockwise. The approximate setting of the GAIN control will quickly become a matter of experience and in use its setting can be adjusted by reference to the LED's on the D to A board. In general the green LED should be 'ON' most of the time but illumination of the red LED should be intermittent and for very short duration. Set the MIX control mid-way at this time so that you will hear both the original and the treated signal. Start with the FEEDBACK control anticlockwise and FILTER f control at about setting 6. The OSC(illator) switch, S1, should be off. The remaining connections are from OUTPUT to an amplifier and from 'TO ADC' to the input of the A to D Controller. The filter on the latter should be switched to 'ON' and the frequency again at position 6 to begin with. The input of the A to D Controller should be set to AC, its attenuator to 2V full scale, and the 'ZERO' and 'f TEST' switches off.
Screened cable should be used for all signal leads, although, if a 'hum' occurs it is likely to be due to a ground loop being formed with the two Controllers. In this event remove the screened wire from one of the plugs making the connection between the two Controllers.
Check that the power is connected to the interface board and the usual connections (power, cassette, TV, etc.) made to the 'Spectrum' and switch on all power simultaneously. The copyright message should appear on the TV screen. If not switch off quickly and re-check connections.
The combination of analogue to digital and digital to analogue converters together with their Controllers provides extremely versatile and flexible hardware. Additionally, the DIGISCOPE 3 programs described fully last month plus the DIGISOUNDER 3 programs this month provide a wealth of software. There is in fact a danger of users being overwhelmed and so discussion is confined to using the 'echo' program on the DIGISOUNDER 3 cassette. This program is ideal since it allows full experimentation of the various controls. Note, however, that these latest programs will only operate with a 48K 'Spectrum'.
With the system connected up as described above load the DIGISOUNDER 3 program by entering LOAD " " followed by ENTER. After a successful load a menu will appear on the screen and selecting "e" will initialise the echo program. The screen will display the messages: 'real time echo'; 'sample rate = 14.8kHz'; 'delay = ms'; and at the bottom a response is required to 'delay (1 to 2000ms)'. The required delay time is entered and after pressing ENTER the screen will now display the delay time and also show the message 'press HOLD to return'. To start with we suggest you enter the maximum delay, ie., 2000 (milliseconds) since the effect of the controls will be most obvious with a high delay time. At any time, however, the delay program may be terminated by pressing the HOLD button on the D to A Controller. If you then re-enter "e" a new delay time may be set. The cassette also contains a routine for altering the sampling rate which in turn will affect the maximum delay time. This and the many other features will be fully discussed in Part 3 but in the meantime you can become familiar with the effect of the various hardware controls including filter settings. Have fun!
The Digital to Analogue Converter, Controller and the DIGISOUNDER 3 programs are available from Digisound Limited, (Contact Details) for £43.10 inclusive of P&P and VAT. The inclusive price for the antialiasing filter is £8.05. The kits include all parts noted in the components lists plus the PCB's. For information on ready-built units, using other micros and other sales enquiries then write to Digisound Limited at the above address or telephone (Contact Details).


I just gotta get this off my chest. How stoopid and shortsighted is our government? I can't believe they didn't thoroughly think through the implications of changing daylight savings time. It's like adding a 13th month! It just shows how far behind the people are that run our country are. 20 years ago, maybe, its wouldn't have mattered. Everyone manually change their clocks. Today, we have many devices that automagically adjust for DST. Many are hard-coded and won't be able to adjust to the new dates. So not only do you have to adjust them this Sunday, but you'll need to adjust them back when the device thinks DST started. AND…you'll need to do the same thing when it ends. Stoopid. Stoopid. Stoopid.


text:
class CountryData
	UNITED_STATES_COUNTRY_CODE = '840'
	attr_accessor :name, :human_name, :data, :dates, :max_usa

	def initialize(name, data, dates, human_name)
		@name = name
		@data = data
		@dates = dates
		@human_name = human_name

		if (data)
			@max_usa = @data.inject(0) { |memo, datum| memo > datum[1].to_f ? memo : datum[1].to_f }
		else
			@max_usa = 999
		end
	end

	def normalize_data
		raise "bad @max_usa" if @max_usa > 100

		@data = @data.map { |datum| datum[0].to_f / max_usa }
	end

	def data_hash
		@dates.zip(@data).inject({}) { |memo, (date, data)| memo[date] = data; memo }
	end

	def merge_data(country_data)
		if (country_data.name == UNITED_STATES_COUNTRY_CODE)
			max_value = 0
			country_data.data.each { |datum| max_value = (datum[1].to_f > max_value ? datum[1].to_f : max_value) }
			if max_value < 100
				return
			end
		end

		puts "Name mismatch: #{@name} #{country_data.name}" if @name && @name != country_data.name
		@name = country_data.name

		data1 = data_hash
		data2 = country_data.data_hash

		merged = data1.merge(data2)
		@dates = merged.keys.sort
		@data = @dates.map { |date| merged[date] }

		update_max_usa(country_data)
	end

	def data_for(specific_date)
		# Find data lines before and after the date
		@after = @dates.index { |date| date >= specific_date }
		# puts "Warning: BorderingDate: date #{specific_date} is out of bounds" unless @after
		@after = @dates.length - 1 unless @after
		# raise "BorderingDate: date #{specific_date} is out of bounds" unless after
		@exact = (@dates[@after] == specific_date) ? @after : nil

		if (@after < 1)
			# raise "CountryData: date #{specific_date} is out of bounds for country #{@name}"
			return 0
		end
		interpolate(specific_date)
	end

	def interpolate(date)
		if @exact
			return @data[@exact]
		end

		prior_date = @dates[@after - 1]
		after_date = @dates[@after]
		s = interpolant(date, prior_date, after_date)

		line1 = @data[@after - 1]
		line2 = @data[@after]
		linear_interpolate(line1, line2, s)
	end

	private

	def interpolant(date, prior, after)
		d = Date.parse(date, '%y-%m-%d')
		p = Date.parse(prior, '%y-%m-%d')
		a = Date.parse(after, '%y-%m-%d')

		interp = 1.0 - (a - d).to_f / (a - p).to_f
		if (interp < 0.0 || interp > 1.0)
			#puts "bad interpolant #{interp} for dates prior=#{p}, after=#{a}, specific=#{d}"
			interp = (interp < 0) ? 0 : interp
		end
		interp
	end

	# linear interpolate between x and y
	def linear_interpolate(x, y, s)
		return 0 if (s > 1.5) # When dates are too far out of range, just report no data.
		s = (s > 1.0) ? 1.0 : s
		x + (y - x) * s
	end

	def update_max_usa(country_data)
		# Take the smaller value between the data sets when merging
		@max_usa = (@max_usa < country_data.max_usa) ? @max_usa : country_data.max_usa
	end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Cedar Rapids News Talk Sports
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University of Iowa Football Media Conference
KIRK FERENTZ: Good afternoon, everybody. As you might imagine, it was a tough trip for last the weekend. Coming back, was just tough to go through. We do as we do every Sunday, came in and looked at the tape, dissect it, and then hopefully learn from it. Now as we turn our attention towards this week, it's all about us trying to improve on very obvious points right now.Just going down the list, obviously ball security, the turnover issue is something we're going to have to address, handling the blitz, and then just overall developing a kind of confidence and grit it takes to be successful home or away. But that was our first away game in Big Ten, and I don't think handled the whole thing very, very well. That's part of the equation with some newer players. I'm certain that factored into it a little bit, and we're going to have to get over that and learn how to play a little bit better, so that's the next challenge for us.Now moving on to Illinois, the first thing on the list is that we have to get ready to play every game in the Big Ten. Conference play, you expect it to be challenging and tough, and that's got to be our approach certainly. Obviously we've got to be a better fundamental football team this week. That's something we'll work on like we do every week in practice. Take every rep and hopefully start building a little cumulative advantage on that, and then the other part is just being ready mentally to go kick off. I'm not sure that we were last Saturday for whatever reason, so that's a challenge, and that's something we'll have to learn, as well, but it's all about being ready, preparing during the week, giving ourselves a chance to be fundamentally sound, and then most importantly be ready to kick off and execute and handle whatever challenges pose at us.It's good to be back in Kinnick certainly. Excited about that. We're looking for our first Big Ten victory, as is Illinois, and that's really what it gets down to at this point.Our captains this week, we'll have Josey Jewell, Matt VandeBerg, Parker Hesse, and Kevin Ward. Manny Rugamba hasn't practiced yet. I think he's improving. We'll see how it goes the rest of the week. At this point, O.J. will start and then we'll just kind of take it from there.
Q. You didn't face them last year, but you have tape on Jeff George, Jr. How is he different from Chase Crouch and what does he bring to the Illinois offense?
KIRK FERENTZ: You know, Crouch caught our attention last year, I believe it was in the Purdue game he came in and really ran the ball effectively. So you know, that's probably the best thing he does. George was more of a thrower, so we got to see him last year, and then he played the second half or most of the second half of the South Florida game. He throws the ball well. They've got a couple good receivers, they've got Dudek back, No. 18 is a really good player, No. 4 is a good freshman, they've got some good skill players, and we don't have a lot to tape to base it on, but we'll have to just be ready for everything and my guess is maybe be ready for multiple quarterbacks.
Q. How much of a concern is that that you really haven't been able to hit the deep ball in stride and you've had a lot of good opportunities so far?
KIRK FERENTZ: We've had some that have been really close, long foul ball is what most defensive backs call those things. But that's just one aspect of improvement that we need to make, and hopefully we'll start connecting on a few of those. I like the fact that we're throwing it down there. I like the fact that we've been close, and at some point you've got to start executing it, though, and we've gotten away with some, but other ones have come back and hurt you, so at some point we need to start hitting those, and it'll be a good thing. It's just like anything else, we've just got to keep practicing and hopefully get that timing down that it takes.Q. What do you guys coach Josh to do inside the 10 when he's receiving a punt? What is that instruction?KIRK FERENTZ: I don't want to get into specifics, but as you might imagine, we try not to field the ball on the 1. That's pretty obvious. There are certain parameters that you give every player, and in that circumstance certainly they were well-spelled out. I think what you saw there was just inexperience there, too, so we're paying for that a little bit. But he's doing a good job back there.
Q. What makes you say you weren't sure if your team was mentally ready Saturday? Was it the errors?
KIRK FERENTZ: I thought we got off to a slow start. They took the ball and drove it right down the field. It really doesn't matter, a touchdown is a touchdown, but to start the game that way is not what you're looking for certainly, and we had that same issue up there in '03. We chose to kick to them because of the wind, and they drove the ball (75) yards into the wind back then. We kicked the ball to the end zone because we had the wind at our back, but they took it 80 methodically. I think they ate about seven, eight minutes up on the clock and scored a touchdown. It's just kind of a demoralizing fact. And it's going to happen so you've got to come back from it, it doesn't decide the game. But you'd like to start out with a little bit better tempo and try to force them to punt the ball and give you a little bit of better field position.
Q. What's the key to the run game not being where you need to be the last couple weeks? What do you see as the key for getting that back on track?
KIRK FERENTZ: Just repetition and keep working on it. There's no magic formula. In part, it's two defenses that are really good against the run. Michigan State has been building on that since 2007, and they did a good job taking that away from us, made us play left-handed the other day, and the week before we hit our hit-and-miss type plays in that game. It's just all about trying to develop more consistency, being able to sustain a little bit, and part of that is we've just got to keep working and get our lineups settled in and get the guys working together a little bit more cohesively.
Q. I'm sure CJ had an open book when it came to plays, but how much is available to Nate?
KIRK FERENTZ: A fair amount. You can't play with handcuffs on totally, but we're probably not asking him to do as much as we will later in the season or certainly next year moving down the road, that type of thing. It came up on conversation, I think, last week, maybe on the teleconference, whatever, my flashback moment to CJ was burning two timeouts on the goal line to Pittsburgh. Those things happen with young quarterbacks. It was in a goal-line formation, there's only so many things that can happen on the goal line, and we still burned two time-outs, but I think it's just kind of emblematic, if you will, or symbolic of what happens with young quarterbacks sometimes.I think Nate has done a pretty good job overall with that stuff. Handling things, feeling things, that should improve with each week, too.
Q. I know the situations aren't exactly the same, but in 2004 you guys weren't able to run the ball, but you showed that you can move it through the air and be a pass-first team, how did that come about, that season?
KIRK FERENTZ: Yeah, that year we didn't really have much option. As the season went on, we had injuries up front, we were pretty thin up front, and then the running back situation, I know we had, I think, three ACLs if I'm not mistaken that year. So Sam Brownlee ended up being our premier back, and his yards per attempt was roughly -- it was probably a little better than mine in high school, but that's nothing to write home about. But he did a good job in terms of pass protection, all those kinds of things, and was secure with the football.But I don't envision us being on that path right now, and our goal is to be balanced. It always has been. You go with what you have to go with and whatever is working, and if you're in a game where you just can't run it, and that happens sometimes, then you'd better be able to throw it or you're going to be in trouble, and sometimes it goes the other way, too. But over the course of the season, our goal is still to be balanced, and at this given point I don't see any reason why we shouldn't be or couldn't be.
Q. How deep do you think you are on the offensive line right now? Are you getting more comfortable with maybe going to Tristan Wirfs or somebody like that?
KIRK FERENTZ: Well, you've probably been paying attention. We're not as deep as we thought we'd be or hoped to be. We're down -- obviously Ike is not coming back this year, so that's a loss. Cole Croston is gone. Boone is not at 100 percent or he'd be playing every snap, and we lost James for a little bit, too. We're going through a little bit of a shuffle, if you will. But we'll keep pushing. We've got enough there and we've got the right guys and all that type of thing, so it's just a matter of pushing forward, and we're open to anything right now to help the team in any phase. We're looking at every possibility.
Q. How is Tristan coming along? Now that you've played him, does it feel like he's making progress?
KIRK FERENTZ: He's getting better. Every week in practice you see him improve. The biggest challenge for him was when he got injured in camp. I can't remember if he was out there for the kids' day scrimmage. I think he was. I can't remember. But anyway, he missed about probably eight, ten days in camp, and that's like missing two months. That really kind of pushed him backwards, but I think we've seen him improve now the last couple weeks.
Q. Some of the players have kind of a mantra for the defense off a turnover when they have a short field. Do you remember when that started here and kind of who was --
KIRK FERENTZ: I'm sorry, defensively? Yeah, that was Norm's catch phrase, put out the fire. Norm had a lot of them, but that's one that really kind of says it all. That is your job on defense. You can't predict what's going to happen, and I alluded to the opening drive. Now it's the offense's job to come back and answer, and we've done a pretty good job responding this year, up until Saturday. We weren't real good at that. But that's a big part of games in particular, if you look at games, the ball gets turned over or a big kick return, something of that nature, big play, defense has to get back out there and do what they're supposed to do. They can't dwell on the circumstances. That's kind of what our team has to do right now, too. We're coming off two disappointing losses, so we've got to compartmentalize that and worry about doing all this Saturday.
Q. Back to the line, Boone looks like he got pulled in that series the other day. Would there be some advantage to maybe giving him some time off to see if that ankle can get better?
KIRK FERENTZ: We'll see. We're working with our medical people, obviously, hand in hand with them, but it's a tough thing because nobody wants to be out there more than Boone, and Boone is one of our best players coming back this year. He's trying, everybody is trying. It's just not quite there the way it needs to be, and it's tough. It's toughest for him just because he's got so much pride and he's worked so hard. It's like Ike sitting out; he's a senior who can't help our football team right now. You can imagine the emotions he's feeling right now, too. Injuries are tough to deal with.
Q. Do you see Brandon Snyder coming back this week?
KIRK FERENTZ: He's been cleared. He was cleared last week, so we're trying to move him forward. We'll see what the week brings here. He's doing a good job in practice, and I think it's fair to say he may be out there. How much, I don't know yet.
Q. You've had a good amount of guys come through that were lightly recruited and turned into really good players after they left here. Does it surprise you anymore when you have a guy like Josey that barely made it here, had one offer, and all of a sudden he's turning into an All-American?
KIRK FERENTZ: The thing that -- I'm just thankful that we didn't totally blow it. We tried to, but we finally decided at the end that we needed to give Josey a shot and the rest has been history, so to speak. But that's the neat thing about sports in general. I don't know as much about the other sports, but in football you hear -- at least I've heard about things in baseball where a guy is 28 years old, been in the minors, and then all of a sudden, boom, he hits stardom or whatever. Pujols. I think he was the 402nd pick, only because that's a clinic point for me, the year he got drafted, so I don't know about the other 400 guys in front of him. But those are things that make sports kind of interesting. Josey is a really good story, and what a good football player he is.
Q. The punter, have you made any progress there in practice this week, any determination?
KIRK FERENTZ: Yeah, we're keeping an open mind to everything right now, and we'll let the guys compete again in practice, see how it goes, and then just kind of push forward.
Q. Is Levi close to playing?
KIRK FERENTZ: Levi? He's probably in the top seven right now, I think, based on our situation. He missed some time, he's back, and he's fine physically now, it's just a matter of -- he's in the equation for sure.
Q. Why have 1st downs the last couple weeks been such a struggle on offense, to get chunks of yards?
KIRK FERENTZ: Yeah, we're searching for that answer. If we could have found it a week ago, we would have hopefully shown better progress. But that was definitely a factor Saturday. Our 1st down efficiency was not good. It really wasn't all that bad at Penn State, but last week it was -- it hurt us and put us behind the 8-ball.
Q. T.J. Hockenson seems like he really belongs. Did he start stepping up in the spring or has it been an evolution the whole time he's been here?
KIRK FERENTZ: I would say we started to notice him on the scout team last year, and talk about some players that just kind of pop up, Ross Reynolds kind of made his move last December during bowl prep, really started to show some signs. I think T.J. is a guy who caught our eye last year, just working against our defensive football team. He did some really good things, made some good grabs and catches. He's got a good attitude, good enthusiasm. Had to grow physically, and that's just ongoing with him.But we saw that, and then in spring ball he did a good job with the opportunities he had, and he just keeps on climbing with every week actually, so I think he's got a really good future.
Q. You said James Butler was out for the bye week; is that still where you're at?
KIRK FERENTZ: Yeah, they're going to reassess it next week and see where it's going to go, but it could be a couple more weeks I'm guessing, yeah.
Q. When you look at the passing game on Saturday, there seemed to be a lot of times when Nate was making good passes. Is it close? Is it just that people are concentrating too much on the overthrows and long passes, that he's actually hitting a lot of really good targets?
KIRK FERENTZ: Yeah, I'm not sure what people are concentrating on. We've all seen some of those near misses on the long balls, the deep balls, and you'd like to think in time -- you're never going to hit 100 percent of those. That's probably unrealistic. It's like three-pointers in basketball. But we'll improve in that area. I've got every reason to think that we will.But I think he's done a lot of good things. He's made a lot of really good throws and some tough throws and done a lot of good things from the checks and all those types of things that you talked about earlier. It's part of the process, and there's certainly obviously some plays that he would like to have back. And then how that affects momentum, and really I alluded to the start of the game the other day, we did not start well offensively, and just as a team we didn't start well the other day.But if you can take away what you can't, that's not football. You're not allowed. But it we can clean up our ball security issues -- we had two opportunities there in the second half, two drives, get the ball down on their side of the field and hope you come away with points, at least three points if not a touchdown that first time, and then you've got a chance for 3 or 7 on the next one. But those turnovers just kill you, and those are really hard to overcome. In a game like that -- Big Ten games are going to be tight, they're going to be competitive, and if you're turning the ball over, it's like the NFL, you're just going to have a hard time unless you're that much better than your opponent, hard to survive those.Then what's that do to affect the momentum in the second half? That's the other part of the equation. None of us can ever answer. We'll never know the answer to that one. But I just know from experience, turnovers really -- they make the degree of difficulty that much tougher, so that's something we've just got to focus on, and we're going to work on. Traditionally it's been something we've been pretty good at. Our bad teams have been good ball security wise, but hopefully that's not going to be -- we'll get this, hopefully it'll turn.
Q. Speaking of the receivers --
KIRK FERENTZ: Ironically we've probably worked harder on ball security, like going back to spring, than we ever have, so maybe that's where we're screwing this whole thing up. Maybe I'll just say, hey, the hell with it and throw it out there, have some fun.
Q. Speaking of those, Brandon Smith, how has he responded to what happened?
KIRK FERENTZ: He's been fine in practice. He had a really good practice today. Again, that's -- and not to write it off as being a young player, but young players are going to have some bad experiences. That's at least been my experience, and it bothered him certainly and should bother you, and then you move on, just like the team has got to do from that game.
Q. When you start off the way that you didn't want to start, 0-2 in the Big Ten, is a lot of it keeping the guys up mentally as much as physically?
KIRK FERENTZ: Well, hopefully nobody was looking big picture. They shouldn't be. We don't need to be. The best we can do is come out of this thing with one win before the bye, and that's our goal. That's the best we can do this week regardless. We just need to -- we need to worry about this Saturday, playing better football, first and foremost, and then if we do that, hopefully we can come out with a victory. And then, you know, to me the conference stuff, you worry about that in November, at least you start being more aware of that. But it's really simple. If you're doing well in the conference early, that gives you a chance to be there in November. If you don't start gaining some traction, that's going to be a discussion for somebody else.What we need to do is just worry about getting our on feet and doing a better job this week, coaching and playing.
Q. Were there enough positives and enough things going right, you're not at the point where you're reassessing the quarterback, are you?
KIRK FERENTZ: Well, we're assessing everything, but I think all of us are really impressed and pleased with what he's done so far. He's working hard, he's conscientious, he's made some errors that are going to come with inexperience in my mind, and that's kind of been our judgment. So yeah, there's no reason to hit the -- get worried about him right now. I think it's just a matter of what can we do to clean him up, and Tyler keeps improving behind him, so that's what we're focused on there.
Q. When you look at the series historically between you and Illinois, the '80s was a really competitive rivalry, maybe one of your more intense series, then it's fallen off from time to time, then you didn't play them for a while. What's kind of your assessment of Illinois, the program, historically since you've been involved and just the series?
KIRK FERENTZ: To your point, it's interesting, especially since we're border states and schools. But I do feel discombobulated that way. You feel like Wisconsin and us, we have a pulse for each other. It kind of goes back to the fact that we played there in '08, I believe it was, when we had that big gap, so it's almost like we're in separate divisions, right? I can't keep track of that stuff. But it just felt like, yeah, there's some separation there, and I can't explain it. You just kind of play what's in front of you, and they haven't been in front of us, so I think they were over here and we were over there. It's kind of strange actually if you just think about it from a geography standpoint, but that's a byproduct of expansion and progress.
Q. With Brandon, it's been less six months since he tore his ACL. What's he done to --
KIRK FERENTZ: Well, as you might well imagine, the medical guys downstairs and the guys that come over here and work with our players and really are the ones who are signing off, the hospital folks, the doctors, that's their level of expertise. That's what they do, and they work with our strength staff. So every player goes through certain protocol to get back from any injury. They've got a very specified plan that everybody follows. I think when we talk about injuries in general -- might be two weeks, might be four weeks, all that kind of stuff, but everybody is different, you just never know what's going to happen. So obviously Brandon must be a quick healer. He works really hard and has worked hard in the rehab part of it. But, he's cleared the hurdles a little faster than the average person, so at least he's going to affect those numbers when they're doing their studies. But everybody goes through a really extensive protocol, and that's way out of my realm. I just listen, and they tell me what's okay, what's acceptable, what isn't acceptable, those kinds of things, and we've been tuned in here for about a month on this thing.
Q. You seemed a little bit irritated Saturday that Manny got out of the locker room against Penn State without you guys detecting it.
KIRK FERENTZ: I was irritated about other stuff but not that. Yeah, and that kind of ties in with that question. He experienced the injury in the first or quarter, I believe, somewhere in there, and played the whole game, and then it didn't really present itself. It was kind of a weird thing. So full disclosure here, it was more like mid-week where he just wasn't responding, and much like Greg Mabin, if you remember last year, we thought Mabin was coming back, and then by mid-week it wasn't, so now I was fearful that maybe Manny had what Mabin had, and when they did further studies, after a couple things aren't responding the way they should, now they dig a little deeper and found like a really random type injury that one presented itself. So now you're starting to think mid-week, okay, has Manny got that same deal. Good news is they did the test, everything is fine, so it's just a matter of soft tissue healing.Injuries are really hard to predict.
Q. You have such a good history of sending players to the NFL. A lot of times they're unheralded two-star recruits. Micah Hyde is leading in the NFL in interceptions now. Do you keep in contact with him in the off-season much, and what's kind of your level of pride over somebody like that's growth?
KIRK FERENTZ: Yeah, you're really happy for those guys. In the last 48 hours I was talking to somebody about Jovon Johnson. But Jovon, Micah, and Desmond King, three guys that were a little bit alike in that. Jovon didn't quite have the physical attributes that they wanted in the NFL, last-cut guy a couple times I think with the Steelers. Still playing in Canada. He's like 45 years old, right, and playing in Canada. I guess you stay colder up there, it keeps you preserved, right, physically? (laughter) But anyway, those guys, just they're football players, and they just did things -- they caught balls, got their hands on balls, all that kind of stuff, and certain things you can't teach, and that's really what Micah brought to us. He was under-drafted in my opinion. I think Desmond was under-drafted, and he'll have a really nice career, too. So yeah, you're really happy for those guys.And then on the other side, though, there's a lot of other people doing really neat things, too. Jay Bickford is teaching somewhere, I think Eastern Illinois. I don't want to screw that one up. Will Lack is over somewhere doing a mission; he and his wife were doing a mission in Mongolia maybe. I got an email maybe about a month and a half ago from him. I think he was at the game two weeks ago out here. And Will got beat up, and it's kind of funny when Fred Barr was talking about Will Lack and how much respect he had -- okay, Fred is a starting linebacker, four-year starting linebacker, the respect he had for Will Lack, who basically got beat up every day by him and Colin Cole. So those are the neat things. So you've got guys like Colin and Fred that really had prominent careers, but a guy like Will Lack, who just being part of the team was so important to him, and now you look at what he's doing, he does a lot of good things, he and his wife are really community oriented, that type of thing. So happy for all the guys that come through here. We've had a lot of really good stories. Not all of them get to play in the NFL, but they do a lot of neat things.
Q. I know you've kind of blown past the fact that James was in your plan, he was getting 10, 15 touches a week. How much has that left a hole in what you guys want to do?
KIRK FERENTZ: It's just a matter of shifting things around. The other backs have to get involved and more involved as we move forward. The receivers, same way. So you just kind of spread those touches around and just got to improvise. That's part of coaching, though.
Q. The lack of experience with the other two backs --
KIRK FERENTZ: Well, it's just like you hate to lose a guy like Ike Boettger, who's an established offensive tackle in the Big Ten, a really good one. You lose those guys, you don't have them sitting on the shelf, and a guy James Butler who's really played well at the college level, same thing, you don't have another guy just like him. But with that comes opportunity for somebody else to step up and hey, where did this guy come from, or boy, we didn't see that coming, that type of thing.That's part of coaching. You never know what the challenges are going to be during the course of the season, but you know they're going to be there, and how we can navigate through those things, that's going to be the things that's going to determine our success this year.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Joseph A. "Lonny" Bereal is an American R&B singer, songwriter and producer. He is also a member of Flipmode Squad with other rappers such as Busta Rhymes, Spliff Star and Reek da Villian.

Career
Bereal is the cousin of songwriter and producers Charles and Kenneth Bereal. Having started off as a drummer, Bereal got his first break as a background vocalist for John P. Kee, K-Ci & JoJo and Kelly Rowland. He began collaborating as a writer with singer Tank and has since worked as a songwriter and vocal producer with several artists like Chris Brown, Jamie Foxx, Snoop Dogg, Keri Hilson, and Keyshia Cole. In 2007, his credit on Tank's single "Please Don't Go" earned Bereal an ASCAP Award and a Grammy Award nomination. In 2010, he was nominated again for a Grammy Award for Best R&B Song for his contribution on Pleasure P's single "Under".

Bereal became part of the Notifi Music Group, a St. Louis based independent label, in early 2011. His debut album The Love Train includes contributions by Busta Rhymes, Trey Songz, Tank, Chris Brown, and Johnta Austin. The album's first single "Favor", a collaboration with singer Kelly Rowland, was released in May 2011.

Discography

Studio albums

Singles

References

External links
 Official website

21st-century African-American male singers
American contemporary R&B singers
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Devices being installed on Lexington County emergency vehicles will help them maneuver through Sunse
Lexington, SC (Paul Kirby) - The $2 million traffic signal synchronization expansion project recently approved by the City of West Columbia, the Town of Lexington, Lexington Medical Center, Lexington County and the SCDOT will soon have added features to help Lexington County's emergency vehicles get to and from the hospital faster. Some of the county's ambulances and fire trucks will utilize onboard traffic-signal emitters to safely and efficiently move through intersections with improved, up-fitted traffic lights. The emitters communicate with the updated signals to ensure that all the traffic lights turn green ahead of ambulances or fire trucks when running their emergency lights and sirens. Officials say this will reduce the time it takes to get emergency vehicles on and off the hospital's main campus near Sunset Boulevard (Hwy 378) and I-26.
Currently, there are 12 Lexington County ambulances outfitted with traffic-signal emitters. Lexington County EMS has already budgeted for four additional ambulances to be outfitted with the devices in the upcoming fiscal year. The cost of outfitting an emergency vehicle with these is approximately $4,200. It is the county's goal to eventually put one of these on each of their 28 ambulances.
Additionally, the Lexington County Fire Service has already outfitted seven of its fire trucks that respond to emergencies along the Sunset Boulevard (Hwy. 378) corridor with the traffic-signal emitters. The City of West Columbia Fire Department will also have the capability of outfitting their fire trucks with these same devices.
The expansion of the current synchronized signal system, which is being funded by Lexington Medical Center, is aimed to improve traffic signals along Highway 378 from Lott Court to Hummingbird Drive. Synchronized traffic signals already in place in Lexington have been proven to reduce red light times, thus making traffic flow faster.
West Columbia's Mayor Bobby Horton praised the system which will cost their city nothing. "We are proud to be a partner in this project with the Town of Lexington, SCDOT, Lexington County, and Lexington Medical Center to increase the flows of traffic on Sunset Boulevard from the City of West Columbia towards Lexington. This project will facilitate EMS Services in reaching emergency care at Lexington Medical Center."
The upgrade that will start being added soon will also include the installation of other helpful devices. These include traffic detection cameras, Bluetooth travel time monitoring devices,and pre-emption control devices. These monitor real-time traffic flow patterns and adjust traffic signal timing for fewer red-light times.
"The traffic signal improvements along Highway 378 are a testament to what happens when government and business work together for the betterment of the people," Lexington County Council Chairman Scott Whetstone said. "This is a product of a great intergovernmental partnership, and we are grateful for all of the hard work that was put into this project."


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Comedians find new courage in latest season of Rosehaven
Luke McGregor and Celia Pacquola return as Daniel and Emma in season three of Rosehaven. ABC-TV
by scronin
Seanna Cronin APN Entertainment Editor
A US ex-pat, Seanna has been writing about the Australian entertainment industries for the past six years and is also a documentary producer, photographer and scuba diver.
THREE seasons into Rosehaven and stars Luke McGregor and Celia Paquola have relaxed into their roles.
The comedians and best mates created the comedy series, which is set in Tasmania and based on a fictionalised version of their friendship.
"We were a little braver with having the characters be the focus as opposed to a specific plot point," McGregor says.
"Rather than have something big happen that sent them here and there, we try to let it be a bit more about their story.
"In episode four we've just got them on a road trip and for a lot of it it's just Emma and Daniel in the car chatting about dumb stuff. We let the characters sit in the scene a bit longer.
"In season one we were so scared if they weren't always doing something people would switch off. Now we know what each character would do in different situations. I would know exactly what Daniel or (his mum) Barbara would say."
In the first episode of the new season, McGregor enjoyed the novelty of writing a pet pig into the storyline.
"When we wrote it we were like 'Yeah I'm sure a pig can do all this stuff'. We got lucky this animal sanctuary had a pig, Ned, who they were training to be on camera," he says.
"Our episode was their first crack at having an on-camera pig.
Luke McGregor, Celia Pacquola and Ned the pig in a scene from Rosehaven. Michael Brook
"Ned was good, but there were a few times when his continuity was thrown out the window.
"Celia and I are in the edit and I said 'If you think you're getting rid of my best take because the pig has turned around then you're sadly mistaken'."
Working with animals also comes with its perils.
"I had a moment where Ned was leaning on my shoulder in the car - he got to know Celia and I pretty well - and he sneezed right in my mouth. It was pretty gross," McGregor says.
In season three, Daniel is happily living with his girlfriend Grace (Katie Robertson), while Emma is still housemates with Barbara (Kris McQuade) - until she sells the family home without telling anyone.
This leads to a visit from her sister, Jenny (Genevieve Picot), the only person who can come close to getting under Barbara's skin.
"Genevieve was someone we auditioned for (the role of ) Barbara. We really liked her but she wasn't quite what we wanted but we wanted to use her somehow," McGregor says.
"It's great we could make her Barbara's sister. We've been trying to find something for her ever since season one.
"(Her character) Jenny is less harsh than Barbara and much better in social situations, but they don't get along at all."
Dustin Clare also makes a cameo as farmer Dan, Emma's new love interest.
"I tried not to stand next to him at any point for too long because he's so handsome," McGregor says. "I knew him from Spartacus and I thought it would be cool to work with him.
"Every time he was on set I would try to act a bit cooler."
Season three of Rosehaven premieres on Wednesday, January 30 at 8.30pm on ABC-TV.
abc-tv
abc-tv television


After Trump's shocking victory, many of our professors began class with an opportunity for us to voice any fears or feelings we were harboring. One of my professors spoke about how studying linguistics is a way to study what unites us as humans: this strange ability called "language." Despite all of our languages looking and sounding different, all humans have this amazing ability to learn complex rules and thousands of words in our first few years of existence. Moreover, we do this without being prodded to learn and without much explicit instruction. Language is something that should, at its core, unite us, not divide us.
Earlier this week, Google Research announced a breakthrough in "one-shot" machine translation. What this means is that Google Translate can now perform translations on unseen pairs of languages. Typically, a machine translation algorithm needs to be trained on each language pair, e.g. English <–> French and French <–> Spanish. But Google's latest results can perform translations from, e.g., English <–> Korean by only being trained on pairs of other languages (see Google's visual representation below). In essence, they are only training the machine on the "gist" of language or language relationships, rather than a specific pairing.
The Google team calls this "interlingua." For linguists, this underlying abstract form has been the basis of their field since Chomsky's earliest writings. "Deep Structure" or D-structure, is distinct from "Surface Structure," or S-structure; where Deep Structure is something like the Platonic form, the S-structure is the concrete realization in the phonetic sounds of a sentence. For example, the sentences I love New York and New York is loved by me both have essentially the same meaning. According to Chomsky, the D-structure of both of these sentences is the same, and the deep structure is transformed in different ways en route to the different respective surface realizations.
The field of generative syntax has been primarily concerned with elucidating the rules and constraints that each and all languages undergo during this transformational process. If we can unwind these transformations, peeling back layer upon layer of surface structure, then we can uncover the deep structure underlying all of language.
And now, it's my turn to be speculative: For the last 20 years, computational linguists have been trying to apply the rules and constraints of generative syntax to the computational tasks of natural language understanding and translation. However, rules-based accounts have been less successful than the more flexible probability-based algorithms. The result has been that many "language engineers" have become dismissive of the rules-based Chomskian community.
But if we (speculatively) assume that Google's algorithms have uncovered an underlying interlingua, then perhaps this means that Chomsky's notion of D-structure has been right all along, we've just been going about the process of uncovering it in the wrong way. Whereas generative syntacticians base most of their findings on patterns in a single language or single collection of languages, maybe the real findings lie in the space between languages, the glue that binds it all together.
Of course, the findings of many deep learning-based systems are notoriously difficult to suss apart, so we don't really know what the features of this possible interlingua look like. While this is frustrating, I suppose it also means there is still plenty of work left for a budding computational linguist. And if we can start to elucidate the ties that linguistically bind us, maybe we can elucidate the ties that bind humanity, as well.
In the past 6 weeks, I have interviewed or attended Open Houses at 8 different schools around the country. Don't get me wrong, I am flattered and humbled by the positive responses I received from my PhD applications.
Nonetheless, it provided an opportunity to try out different captioning systems and see what captioning is like in places that are not New York City.
First off, at every school I visited, I was able to secure captioning accommodations. It's a good lesson that as long as you're proactive and explain exactly what you need, most schools are able to comply. Thank you to all of the administrators and coordinators who helped set this up.
That being said, all captioning is not created equal. The experience made me realize that I've been pretty spoiled in New York City, with a relative abundance of well-qualified captionists at my disposal. The following bullet points are largely to serve as a comparison of CART captioning and C-Print, because after extensive googling I found zero qualitative comparisons.
The first observation is not a comparison. Rather, it is a direct experience with the phenomena of "discount captioners," as described by Mirabai Knight, one of the most proficient and strongly activist captionists I've used. So-called "CART firms" will troll court reporting schools for mid-level students and use them to charge cash-strapped schools extremely low rates. The result is a terrible experience for students, and a blemish on the reputation of CART captioning.
At one school, I actually pulled a professor aside as we were changing rooms and said, "I'm going to have to rely 100% on reading your lips, because I have literally no idea what the captioner is writing." As Mirabai's article explains, this is unfortunately all too common, as many schools do not realize that only highly-proficient, highly-trained captioners can provide a sufficient experience for deaf and hard-of-hearing students.
Mirabai provides a bunch of great reasons why C-Print can fall short of CART captioning. I only used C-Print twice, whereas I've been using CART multiple times a week for the better part of 3 years. I'd strongly encourage anyone interested to check out Mirabai's article.
C-Print does not advertise itself as a literal, word-for-word transcription. Rather, they only "ensure" that the most important things are transcribed. But "importance" is completely at the discretion of the captioner. There were a few occasions where I know the C-Print captioner did not transcribe words that I would consider important, such as the name of an institution where a researcher was located.
A C-Print captionist uses a QWERTY keyboard, and depends on a program where they type many abbreviations that the program expands to full words. This usually works well enough, but C-Print is definitely at least 1-2 seconds slower than CART. While 1-2 seconds may not sound like a long time, I would defy you to try having a conversation with someone where things lag 1-2 seconds behind. You'll quickly see just how significant 1-2 seconds can be.
C-Print can be advantageous in noisy situations where an in-person captioner is not available. I used C-Print at a lunch, in an environment that definitely could not have used remote captioning. In this case, a slower, more summarizing transcription is better than a word-for-word transcription that cannot eliminate a high level of background noise.
tl;dr: C-Print captioning is an okay substitution when in-person captioning is not available. But in no way should an institution feel that providing C-Print captioning is the equivalent of providing the transcription provided by CART captioning.
Over the holidays I've been emptying my digital pockets and finding all sorts of fun nick-nacks. In particular, Jessie Daniels describes how to be a scholar now, when peer-reviewed articles can begin as Tweets and blog posts. Taking up her clarion call, I thought I'd give it a shot.
I've been meaning to study variation in language production, specifically on a word-by-word basis. For example, how does one typist or one population of typists produce the word giraffe versus another typist or population of typists?
The first thing to note is that pauses before a word are much longer than pauses within a word. This finding is well-established, though.
More interesting (to me, at least) is what happens at syllable boundaries. In the two compound words because and someone, the pause at the syllable boundary is more pronounced. An unpaired t-test shows a significant difference in pause times between syllable-liminal and syllable-internal pause times (p < 0.01), whereas differences between other syllable-internal pauses are not significant.
In typing research, a more pronounced pause time indicates "more cognition" is happening. There is some process, such as downloading a word into the lexical buffer, that causes a slowdown in figuring out which key to strike next. It is possible that we are observing a phenomenon where lexical retrieval occurs at the syllable level when a word is made up of multiple words, even if those words do not "compose" the compound word.
Specifically, the word someone can reasonably be decomposed into some + one. It might make sense that someone is downloaded syllable-by-syllable, and we see that delay in typing as the next word/syllable is retrieved.
More surprisingly, though, we do not think of because as being composed of be + cause, even though these are two perfectly good words. Nonetheless, we see _something_ happening when the next word/syllable is retrieved.
None of these delays, though, are observed in the words people and about, although I supposed about = a + bout.
tl;dr: Something fun is going on with multisyllabic, compound words. It needs a lot more investigation, and I plan on doing just that over the holidays.
This is a continuation of a series of posts exploring the process of relearning language and sound processing with my new hearing implants, Auditory Brainstem Implants. The first two posts can be found here and here. Although it's difficult to distill my experiences down to a single theme, I am slowly realizing that a vast amount of understanding speech comes down to making useful discrimination of phonemes.
What is an phoneme, you might ask?
Great question! A phoneme is one of the most basic units of sound within phonology. The word red, for instance, consists of three distinct phonemes: /ɹ/, /ɛ/ and /d/. However, there is not always a one-to-one correspondence of letter to phoneme. For example, the word through also consists of only three phonemes, corresponding to th, r, and oo. (/θ/, /ɹ/ and /u/ in IPA).
At the most basic level, we can discriminate between two different words if there is at least one different phoneme. When only one phoneme differentiates the pronunciation of two different words, these words are known as a minimal pair. The words knit (nɪt) and gnat (/næt/) are a minimal pair, because they only differ by one phoneme, the middle vowel.
If some sound discrimination really isn't all that useful, then what is useful? The ability to discriminate between phonemes that have a high neighborhood density. And what is neighborhood density? From a recent paper by Susanne Gahl and colleagues: "two words are considered neighbors if they differ by deletion, insertion, or substitution of one segment" (Gahl, et al. 2012). For instance, the word tad has a bunch of phonological neighbors, such as rad, fad, dad, toad and add. The word osteoporosis, on the other hand, has no phonological neighbors.
For me, the important thing is to relearn how to discriminate between phonemes that often live in the same phonological neighborhood. This is something that normal hearing individuals do effortlessly, and our very sophisticated auditory system is an expert at differentiating between these different frequencies in a sound signal.
For my limited auditory system, consisting of an ABI that replaces tens of thousands of hair cells with a few dozen electrodes, this discrimination is a nontrivial task. This hit home for me during a therapy session in which I could not, for the life of me, differentiate between the sounds /oo/ and /mm/. For my ABI, both of these sounds activated the exact same electrode pattern.
When I am practicing phoneme discrimination, my therapist covers his mouth, so I cannot also use lipreading. When I can use lipreading, discriminating between /oo/ and /mm/ becomes easy. Moreover, /oo/ and /mm/ rarely are phonological neighbors. That is, there are very few words where /oo/ could be replaced with /mm/, and this would result in a different, intelligible word. The only exception might be an addition/deletion, such as zoo and zoom. Nonetheless, zoo and zoom are not contextual neighbors, i.e. I cannot think of a sentence where zoo and zoom could be used to fill the same slot (The rhinoceros at the zoo stole my lollipop vs *The rhinoceros at the zoom stole my lollipop).
Probably not. What's remarkable about human communication and information transmission is that we find ways to adapt and filter out the most critical information. For instance, Esteban Buz and Florian Jaeger (Buz & Jaeger, 2012) found that context also plays a significant role in how much or how little we articulate or hyper-articulate certain words. And as long as you're not a "low talker," I should be fine.


Children mentoring teachers in ICT :does it work?
Gronn, D T. (2005). Children mentoring teachers in ICT :does it work?. 1Brian Samways. 1-7. Cape Town, South Africa: International Federation for Information Processing.


Does anyone have experience capturing and archiving WeChat data? I am working with a research group that wants to capture text conversation, emoticon usage, as well as shared audio clips.
Using the WeChat client for Windows running inside an emulator such as qemu might give the best results. You then archive the harddisk image. As far as I know, the WeChat client uses a caching directory where it stores all data it receives. But conserving the software is as important.


text:
"Riddled with Deceit: A Martha's Vineyard Mystery" Review
Jesse Metcalfe (ABC's Desperate Housewives) was back in another Martha's Vineyard Mystery! This time, Jeff (Metcalfe) is called in to help oversee the movement of some very expensive emeralds. That are also supposedly cursed! Keep reading for our Riddled with Deceit: A Martha's Vineyard Mystery review!
Jeff Stole Our Hearts Again
We already knew that we loved Jeff. But we were so happy that he was once again being called out of retirement. We completely understand how his injury could keep him out of the big city. But, we think Martha's Vineyard is the perfect place for him. Jeff is a total asset to the police force and his ability to take charge of just about any situation is extremely impressive. Though it is slightly concerning that what forced him into retirement in the first place may be more sinister than it seemed. What also worries us about Jeff is that we know he will push himself to solve a case no matter what.
Image via Hallmark
While this should be encouraging instead of worrisome, we don't want to see Jeff get hurt. His injury still clearly bothered him this time around, but Jeff once again pushed through it. He's a damn good detective and we completely understand his need to jump into whatever is happening where there are people he cares about the most. This is why even though we knew Jeff deserved the job offer he received, we were happy and unsurprised when Jeff turned the offer down. He knows exactly where he needs to be and we loved hearing that he had no plans on leaving any time soon.
Zee and Jeff are truly a perfect pair. They understand each other on a pretty deep level and work off each other flawlessly. Jeff and Zee are able to challenge each other's ideas and we think it's part of what makes these movies great. It was made clear in A Beautiful Place to Die (you can read our review of that movie right here) that the two would do anything to protect one another. The only thing different this time around is that the bond between them has only deepened since then.
And while we get that there are more movies to come in this series (there better be!), we still want to see Zee and Jeff get together sooner rather than later. Though it is clear that this is definitely going to be a slow burn romance. But we're kind of okay with that too. Watching Jeff and Zee interact and have dinner together is a beautiful thing. Almost as beautiful as watching the two of them fall deeper in love every moment they spend together. Also, in order for us to accurately decide which one of them actually makes the better tartar sauce, we will need to try both of them. So if Hallmark could set that up for us, that would be great.
We absolutely love Britt's character and our hearts broke for her and what she went through. It must have been absolutely terrifying and she easily could have died. Not only are we happy that she made it through everything okay, but we hope we get to see her character in future movies from this series. It was nice to see Britt have a little bigger a role this time around. She plays such an important role in Zee's life and those are the kind of characters we need to see more of.
We also got to see the return of Jackie. People from the press tend to be the villains in stories like this. But Jackie seems to generally stay on the up and up. Plus, we can't help that we love Jackie and her wit. She is a genuinely good reporter and she has a lot of integrity. Probably the biggest reason why Jeff never seems to mind working with her. Jackie always seems to turn out to be an extremely valuable resource. It was great to see the chief again as well. We absolutely love his relationship with Jeff and he's an important staple to these movies.
Another Whodunit
Once again, we had a lot of suspects when it came to who stole the emeralds. While there were plenty of people with all different kinds of motives, we also had to consider other options. Britt did go around wearing the brooch, and there were plenty of people who saw it and admired it. Maybe someone got what they thought was a brilliant idea to steal the brooch. But we kind of figured that wasn't the case. Though we were still surprised by who the actual culprit was, and the fact that there were two of them. Willard was on our suspect list until he got murdered. So we were a little surprised that he was the one who stole the brooch. He just ended up being a victim of Regina and Freddy and their greed.
What did you think of the latest Martha's Vineyard Mystery? Did you wonder who the culprit was until the end? Or did you have a feeling about who it was all along? Are you excited for the next movie in the series? Find and follow us on Twitter @capeandcastle to join the Martha's Vineyard Mystery conversation! Be sure to also check out our site for more articles on all things Disney, Marvel, Star-Wars, and more!
A Martha's Vineyard Mystery, Hallmark, Hallmark Drama, Hallmark Movie, Hallmark Movies and Mysteries, Jesse Metcalfe, Riddled with Deceit, Riddled with Deceit Review, Sarah Lind
"Ruby Herring Mysteries: Prediction Murder" Review
"Mystery 101: An Education in Murder" Review
"A Beautiful Place to Die: A Martha's Vineyard Mystery" Review


text:
, född 16 juli 1961 i Shizuoka prefektur, är en japansk före detta fotbollsspelare och tränare.

Oki började sin karriär 1984 i Fujitsu. Han avslutade karriären 1991.

Oki har efter den aktiva karriären verkat som tränare och har tränat Ventforet Kofu, Shimizu S-Pulse, Kyoto Sanga FC och FC Gifu.

Källor

Japanska fotbollsspelare
Japanska fotbollstränare
Spelare i Kawasaki Frontale
Tränare i Ventforet Kofu
Tränare i Shimizu S-Pulse
Tränare i Kyoto Sanga FC
Tränare i FC Gifu
Tränare i Roasso Kumamoto
Födda 1961
Levande personer
Män
Personer från Shizuoka prefektur
Japanska idrottare under 1900-talet
Japanska idrottare under 2000-talet


text:
Juarez Violence Spikes
A spate of murders has Ciudad Juarez once again on edge. As October drew to a close, the northern Mexican border city had racked up more than 40 homicides for the month.
While authorities downplayed the toll, arguing that the body count was far lower than the number of slayings committed during the so-called narco war of 2008-2012, when more than 11,000 people were murdered in and around Juarez, a good share of the latest violence struck hard in areas that had been considered relatively secure for more than two years-and in broad daylight.
For instance, a man described as about 45 years of age was shot to death outside the Rio Grande Mall during business hours, triggering panic among customers on October 17. A high speed automobile chase on Tecnologico Avenue in the city's Golden Zone October 23 ended with the shooting deaths of two men and a young woman, whose bodywork made her resemble Spiderwoman, almost in front of a federal court building.
The incident caused morning chaos and backed up traffic past noon in one of the most heavily transited zones of the city. The two male victims were identified as Gilberto Lopez Mendoza and Omar Antonio Ochoa Jimenez, while the female victim was tentatively named as Gabriela Figueroa, a 23-year-old bar employee who was originally from Venezuela.
Yet another killing that grabbed the public's attention-and criticism-happened on Sunday, October 26, when 44-year-old Luis Flores was shot in the face while waiting at a bus stop- again in broad daylight- in downtown Juarez. The gravely wounded man managed to run into a pharmacy amid cries for help, but was left unattended and bleeding profusely for a lengthy time until a Red Cross ambulance arrived.
Flores, whose anguished face was captured staring into a photographer's lens as he sat bleeding on the pharmacy's floor, subsequently died of his wounds.
Ciudad Juarez Civil Protection Director Fernando Mota Allen was later quoted as saying the Red Cross' ambulances had no gasoline at the time of the attack on Flores.
Meanwhile, violence surged in the rural Juarez Valley, one of the hotspots of the 2008-2012 war and an ongoing point of contention in the lucrative smuggling business that flows through the valley and into Texas, a trade that could intensify once the new Guadalupe-Tornillo international bridge is finished and opened for traffic.
On October 27, three men were pulled bound and gagged from a vehicle, forced onto their knees and executed with high-powered guns in front of the town park of San Ysidro. Earlier in the month, the leader of an Institutional Revolutionary Party branch in the Juarez Valley, Gerardo Gamez Hinojosa, fled to El Paso seeking political asylum. Accompanied by his family, Gamez claimed he had been repeatedly robbed, extorted and threatened.
In October, the U.S. Department of State updated a travel alert for Ciudad Juarez, cautioning visitors to stay within certain zones of the city and restricting the mobility of its own consular employees.
Law enforcement officials blamed October's blood on the inherent violence of the smuggling trade as well as the competition over control of the street-level drug business in Juarez.
In response to mounting public alarm, Chihuahua State Prosecutor Jorge Enrique Gonzalez Nicolas announced the redeployment of mixed state and municipal police units. The state law official placed the spike in violence in a historical context.
"This has never been a calm city, even during the past century," Gonzalez said. "(Juarez) is a border city where there is contraband and drug trafficking, putting it in a condition of violence, but the standards we maintain today give the people tranquility."
Cesar Augusto Peniche, Chihuahua state delegate for the federal attorney general's office, said "important detentions" of criminal leaders during the past two years had created friction within underworld ranks, with splintered groups lacking centralized leadership now battling each other.
"More than confrontations, what we see are internal struggles within these groups," Peniche said.
Yet, it's not completely clear to what degree the detentions this year of the two purported leaders of the underworld organizations that waged war in Juarez from 2008 to 2012, Joaquin "El Chapo" Guzman of the Sinaloa Cartel and Vicente "El Viceroy" Carrillo Fuentes of the Juarez Cartel, have to do with the latest outbreaks of violence.
Differing accounts exist over the relative power of each organization in "post-war" Juarez and, in the case of Carrillo Fuentes, whether the old capo was even still at the helm of the crime group when he was arrested in Torreon earlier this month.
One thing is certain: neither detention has put an end to the drug business or the willingness of new generations to risk life and limb for easy money, as recent seizures of drugs at the local border crossings by the U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) attest.
On October 25, the CBP seized 84 lbs. of marijuana at the Santa Teresa Port of Entry. Two days later, border inspectors uncovered 12.4 lbs. of cocaine in a car attempting to pass through an El Paso border crossing. Overall, CBP officers confiscated 664.29 lbs. of marijuana at the El Paso Port of Entry during the last weekend of October.
A 28-year-old man from Chihuahua City, David Humberto Leal Torres, was arrested in the alleged Santa Teresa smuggling attempt, while a 21-year-old El Pasoan, Petra Lizette Reyes, was detained in the cocaine case, according to the CBP.
The recent amounts of drugs reported seized by federal agents likely represent just a small fraction of the volume of illegal drug shipments crossing the Juarez-El Paso-New Mexico border.
Besides gangland-style violence, social and gender violence continued to haunt Juarez. Early on the morning of October 29, the body of an unidentified woman estimated at between 25 and 30 years of age was found on a dirt road on the southeast edge of the city. Initial reports indicated the woman had possibly been beaten to death with a large stone; at least five of October's homicide victims were women.
On October 26, music teacher and Autonomous University of Ciudad Juarez symphony member Issai Hernandez Diaz allegedly stabbed to death his 32-year-old wife, Nancy Lobo Guerrero, at the couple's home in a middle-class subdivision of the city. Two young girls, one seven years old and the other a baby of only five months, were left without parents after their mother was murdered and father jailed for the crime.
A popular teacher, Nancy Lobo taught sixth-graders at the Abraham Gonzalez Elementary School. Students, parents and staff of the school were emotionally devastated by the young educator's slaying.
"This is a very grave, regrettable act," said UACJ Rector Ricardo Duarte Jaquez. "According to the information we have, the responsible person is one with a mental disorder."
October's violence erupted at a very sensitive time for Juarez. For the first time in four years, the traditional Juarez Fair was held, with upwards of 200,000 reportedly attending the first days of the fiesta. Also for the first time in years, organized tours of the Mexican border city were launched from neighboring El Paso .
In another sign of revival, the old Juarez Market on September 16 Avenue organized a Day of the Dead event for the weekend of October 31-November 2, with a special invitation to U.S. neighbors.
In the fall of 2014, daily life in Juarez presented many contradictions, with popular restaurants doing a brisk business again and events like the tequila and jazz festivals picking up steam. Regularly, live bands played outdoors for appreciative crowds in the city's downtown.
But the recent episodes of violence rattled the public, prompting criticisms of security policies-or the lack thereof-from criminologists, political leaders and the citizenry in general.
Insisting that Juarez was continuing on the path of recuperation, Chihuahua Governor Cesar Duarte said security policies were not set in stone and could be adjusted according to the circumstances. Duarte also stressed pending business investments as the big answer to the city's ills.
"I hope to have more gains, more employment, more education," Duarte said. "This is what should be done to get at the root of the problem. There is no other solution."
In October, Duarte's administration published large, color display ads in Juarez newspapers that showed piles of guns and grenades below a headline claiming the securing of 45,675 arms. A closer reading of the message revealed that the confiscated items included about 3,000 guns or clips, 80 grenades and explosive devices and more than 42,000 bullets.
"We can now say that Chihuahua is safe," the ad proclaimed.
On Wednesday, October 29, Duarte's top cop, State Prosecutor Jorge Gonzalez, was put on the hot seat of the Chihuahua State Congress. Under sharp questioning from some legislators, whose statements broke down along party lines, Gonzalez spent hours in the session facing the music.
Gonzalez testified that the Juarez violence has not exceeded an average of 37 slayings per month, while 50 percent of the murders committed statewide are resolved.
Lawmaker Cesar Jauregui Moreno, coordinator for the National Action Party fraction in the state legislature, criticized Gonzalez for maintaining that homicide rates in Ciudad Juarez and other parts of the state are well below the numbers of 2010- the most violent year on record for Chihuahua in recent times.
"Chihuahua continues being an insecure state, distinguished by the high rate of murders in the state," Jauregui said. "They are right that (2010 and 2014) are not comparable, but Chihuahua continues being one of the most (insecure) states in the country plus ranking third place in the number of homicides."
Another lawmaker, Hortensia Aragon Castillo, representative of the left opposition, likewise took a jab at the official security posture.
"It worries us that insecurity continues being generated not only in some geographically isolated zones of the state, such as Guachochi and Guadalupe y Calvo, but precisely in Ciudad Juarez and the state capital (Chihuahua City)."
As if Aragon's concerns needed further elaboration, seven people were shot to death in two separate attacks in Chihuahua City only hours after State Prosecutor Gonzalez concluded his appearance before state legislators.
Additional sources: Arrobajuarez.com, October 31, 2014 Lapolaka.com, October 27, 29 and 30, 2014. Norte, October 19, 24, 27, 28, 29, 30, 2014. Articles by Miguel Vargas, Felix A. Gonzalez and editorial staff.
El Diario de Juarez, October 18, 24, 28 and 30, 2014. Articles by Salvador Castro, Patricia Mayorga, Francisco Chavez, L. Hernandez, M. Orquiz, and editorial staff. Kvia. com, October 24 and 25, 2014. Article by Angela Kocherga. Juarez-El Paso Now, October 2014.
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The SoM-iMX6U from EMAC is an Ultra Low Power System on Module (SoM) designed to plug into a carrier board that contains all the connectors and I/O required for a system. The recommended development/carrier board for the SoM-iMX6U is the SoM-150. A SoM is a small embedded module that contains the core of a microprocessor system.
The SoM-iMX6U is based on an industrial temperature, Freescale/NXP i.MX6 UltraLite (MCIMX6G1) Cortex A7 528 MHz system on module with 512MB of LP DDR2 RAM, 4GB eMMC Flash and 16MB of serial data flash, which allows it to run the Linux Operating System. The module has APM Sleep Mode of 3.5mA, 1x 10/100 BaseT Ethernet, 4x serial ports, 2x USB 2.0 ports, 22x GPIO (3.3V) lines, 1x SDIO SD port, 2x I2S audio ports with line in/out, 1x CAN, 1x SPI, 1x I2C, 2x timer/counters/PWMs and internal real-time clock/calendar (with external battery backup), External reset button provision and green Status LED.
The SoM approach allows clients to develop a product using a commercial off the shelf (COTS) development/carrier board for the proof of concept or production units. If the product or project has specific dimensional, I/O or connector placement requirements, a semi-custom carrier board can be created in as little as a month. Using the SoM approach, product lifecycle concerns for the processor, memory and other SoM based components are minimized.


What will Bayern Munich, Inter Milan, AC Milan, FC Tokyo, New York Jets and Home United have in common?
They all have shared stadiums or are involved in the practice of groundshare, an industry term used when clubs share facilities.
Singapore Premier League (SPL) clubs will share stadiums from 2019 onwards.
In a Straits Times report, it was confirmed that only four stadiums will be used for SPL matches from next season.
This move "provides for more optimal deployment of resources" and "also frees up the other stadiums to be adapted for greater community use", said Sport Singapore in response to queries by Straits Times.
The JSSL Professional Academy 7s will be held at the Our Tampines Hub, one of four proposed stadiums to be shared by clubs.
Bayern Munich shares the Allianz Arena with TSV 1860 Munchen while Inter Milan and AC Milan share the San Siro.
Closer to home, FC Tokyo and Tokyo Verdy 1969 share the Ajinomoto Stadium in Tokyo while East Bengal FC and Mohun Bagan share the Salt Lake Stadium.
In the United States, two New York clubs – New York Giants and New York Jets – share the MetLife Stadium in the Big Apple.
All of Singapore's SPL clubs including foreign side Albirex Niigata will have to face early adjustment issues as they start to mark out territories in venues or rebuild fan bases due to the change in their home grounds.
What also needs to be considered would be added facilities for training and also added ground maintenance if usage becomes extensive.
What groundshare does allow is the possible reinvention of the spaces used by old stadiums like Toa Payoh, Hougang and Bedok.
In resource scarce Singapore, this can only be good for the community at large.


I love to cook. Unfortunately, one can't just put ingredients on the pan as they are. I need to slice onions, dice garlic, fillet the fish and more. With all the preparation needed, I always end up with awful smelling hands. [yuck!] With ordinary soap, the odor just does not give up that easy. With this bad smelling issue, I am so thankful that my boyfriend's bought this Blomus stainless steel soap [http://www.thestainlesssteelstore.com/Blomus-Stainless-Steel-Soap-p-32.html] that works magic. After slicing, chopping, dicing and cutting, all I have to do is rub the soap in between my fingers and hands under running water and voila ~~~ goodbye odor!
Time for a Blomus wishlist!
After getting satisfied with my first Blomus product, my eyes are now set on this Blomus Stainless Steel Polished Kitchen Multi-Storage. I so want to get one for our kitchen. As of the moment, we have this kitchen paper towel holder made of wood and I really hope to replace it soon with the multi-storage. It's a lot handier to have a paper towel-, aluminum foil- and kitchen plastic wrap holders all in one place. Not to mention, it creates a more modern look for our kitchen.
Wishlist item number 2: The Blomus Stainless Steel Bread Box. We do not own a bread box and as a person who loves to bake bread, owning this [on the photo below] bread box is like a dream come true for me.
storage. At nearly $70, that foil dispenser is pretty pricey. It would last a ifetime, though, and, if I had seen it before I lost my nursing job of 21 years, I would have purchased it. I like having paper towls, foil and saran wrap so conveniently handy!
We really need a breadbox since we have leftovers most of the time. It's so untidy to have them just all over the place sometimes. With a breadbox, at least, they're just in there.. keeping the kitchen looking neat.
Have a pretty day, Carmen. Will be right at your blog in awhile. Hugs!


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Buy your Nike 7 114 002 on eyerim right now and it will be delivered free of charge directly to your door in its original protective packaging.


text:
Les Eleccions legislatives malteses de 1955 es van celebrar el 1955. Va guanyar el Partit Laborista i el seu cap Dom Mintoff fou nomenat primer ministre.

Resultats
Resum dels resultats electorals de 1955 a la Cambra de Diputats de Malta
|-
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=left colspan=2|Partits
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Vots
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|%
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Escons
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|+/-
|-
|style="width:10px" bgcolor=blue align=center |
|align=left|Partit NacionalistaPartit Nazzjonalista
|align=right | 48.514
|align=right | 40
|align=right | 17
|align=right |-
|-
|style="width:10px" bgcolor=red align=center |
|align=left|Partit LaboristaPartit Laburista
|align=right | 68.447
|align=right | 57
|align=right | 23
|align=right | -
|-
|style="width:10px" bgcolor=darkblue align=center |
|align=left| Independents
|align=right | 3.694
|align=right | 3
|align=right | -
|align=right | -
|-
|
|align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|Total (participació 81,1%)
|width="75" align=right style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|120.651
|width="30" align=right style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|100.0
|width="30" align=right style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|40'''
|width="30" align=right style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|
|-
|colspan=8|Font:
|}

Eleccions del 1955
Eleccions de Malta