When making a decision to develop a LLC you will certainly need to look at all the alternatives that are readily available to you. First is the understanding that all services, whether they are corporations, LLCs, sole-proprietorships, or collaborations can deduct their business expenses. You do not should form an entity to have the advantage of deducting your expenditures. Having the status of LLC or Company could limit your direct exposure to audit, however it does not supply more tax deductions as compared to a sole proprietorship. For instance, a sole proprietorship could subtract any type of genuine overhead; such as cellular phone, automobile miles, gas utilized for service traveling, aircraft fare for company traveling, etc. Get in touch with your CPA to verify that this is true for your details circumstance.
company register details With either a LLC or an S Firm, all of the business revenues and losses will pass-through to the owners of business yearly. When you submit your individual taxes, your accountant should give you with a K1 for your organisation and also consist of the profit or loss statement within your individual income tax return. This is different from that of a c company because a c firm exists as a lawful as well as different entity from its investors. The officers & supervisors are accountable for taxes, not the investors. The c-corporation is accountable for writing the federal government a check for every one of the earnings earned within the tax year. The investors would certainly consist of on their tax returns any type of rewards or income obtained from business in the year, as well as not the specific income made by the company.
Articles of Organization need to be submitted with your Secretary of States Corporation Bureau. The Majority Of Assistant of States internet site provide in-depth guidelines on how you can submit, where to submit, what does it cost? to pay, and also the annual requirements if any type of. For instance, the State of The golden state requires all LLCs to file a yearly Statement of Details specificing the participants of the entity. This kind is likewise required for corporations.
Appears rather easy doesn't it? Well setting up the LLC usually is easy, specifically if you are preparing to run a solitary or two members LLC. The even more facility your company plan, the a lot more complicated both the operating contract as well as write-ups will certainly end up being. If you are intending on setting up a service as an LLC with members which you do unknown, you ought to think about consulting with a lawyer to safeguard your legal rights. There are lots of examples of company register detailsservices that do not do well, as well as instances of organisations that have monitoring issues and differing opinions in between participants. Safeguard your rate of interest by spending the extra time and money and ensure that you have protected your possessions. An attorney will certainly be able to direct you and also inform you to any kind of risks that might occur.
There are numerous solution companies offered and this could be an excellent course for you if you are planning on establishing a single participant or multi member LLC. Before you file, do your homework and also ensure that you could trust your companions which you have the proper write-ups and also operating contract in position.
As stated earlier, you can develop a LLC by self-filing your posts, pay a service provider, seek advice from an attorney, and even speak with your accountant. Despite which declaring method you prefer and even select, you must think about your LLC from a tax point of view. When you have actually chosen that an L.L.C. or firm is appropriate for you, the major determining aspect need to be to lower your overall tax obligations. Each state will have various tax needs and also tax prices so get in touch with your accountant as well as ask which is finest for you. Some short articles or web sites will certainly declare that is better than the various other, but its beyond the scope of a write-up to earn this insurance claim.
Several States currently provide online declaring approaches for beginning your LLC. Filing online in numerous states is very easy and also takes just a few mins. You will certainly should have a major credit card or debit card to finish the procedure of establishing your LLC. When you place your order online, the state will certainly evaluate it as well as commonly respond within 1-5 service days.
Initially, you will should look for name accessibility. This procedure is normally very easy as many states offer web sites to look for offered names. You can use the openly supplied devices to search for available names within your state.
You should watch your operating contract as a roadmap for your LLC and also an overview of handle the challenging questions. The function of having a well-detailed operating contract is to define how the members and even more notably business should react to particular situations. An operating contract is required for all LLCs no matter state. An operating agreement adds less worth for a 1 member LLC due to the fact that there is no probability of difference in between the participants.company register details However, if you have 50 members in an LLC, it will be essential to plainly information an operating arrangement. A well written running contract will certainly work as a guideline for solving numerous tight spots. If your operating arrangement doesn't define what to do in a particular situation you could want to call an unique conference of the participants to change the operating agreement.
An LLC, like a firm, could exist in perpetuity, or otherwise have an ending date. An LLC could also be configuration with an end day for dissolution. company register details If you want to liquify your LLC you may wind up having your service audited by the Internal Revenue Service. It is a truth that several companies obtain investigated when they dissolve, so choose to begin as well as close your service carefully. Constantly check with your accounting professional prior to liquifying a business.
In some scenarios, dissolving an LLC can be rather simple, and it is finished in the majority of states by filing a simple type alerting the state of the objective to liquify.
Forming an LLC is easy and while you can do it yourself, you may be far better off looking for expert aid when establishing your organisation. In some circumstances you will require the assistance of an attorney, accountant or both. Ideally after reviewing this you have a far better concept about the requirements and also some of the possible mistakes of establishing and running your very own LLC. While this article is not meant to have every one of the solutions, it will hopefully give you an excellent basis for progressing with the development of your new LLC.
LLC represents a limited responsibility company. LLC's operate similar means as a corporation, because it is a lawful entity that could perform business under its very own name. Increasingly more local business owner' are electing to form LLC's annually however why precisely are a lot of local business owner now doing this?
. By creating an LLC, preserving as well as running it effectively, you along with other members (owners of an llc are called members) involved need to not be held directly liable for points that may go wrong during the program of organisation or any of the debts that are come across. This suggests that individual assets of the members are safeguarded as well as won't be used as a means of clearing up business financial obligations.
So simply how exactly do you tackle creating an LLC? Believe it or not if you want to create an LLC you will certainly locate it to be a rather simple process and also it might be among the best things that you ever provide for your service. Actually all you really have to do is the complying with making it lawful as well as a truth:.
First you will certainly have to select a name for your service. There are 2 essential variables when it concerns doing this. The apparent one is you need to make certain the name you desire is available as well as secondly you should ensure that it complies with your state's restricted liability company laws such as finishing with LLC. Further, some words may be prohibited by your state such as bank or insurance.
Next you need to submit formation papers with the state. These are usually referred to as the write-ups of company or a certification of formation, There is a charge to submit the files with the state as well as could range between $50 to $500. As soon as your LLC filing has been accepted by the state you should then produce an LLC operating contract. Within this agreement you should set out the rights as well as duties of each of the LLC members.
Finally a few states call for that you publish notice that the LLC development has actually been completed. See to it to inspect if this is called for by your state. As soon as this is finished you after that just need to obtain a Federal Tax obligation ID Number (FEIN) along with any licenses as well as allows that may be needed for your kind of service.
LLC's or a Limited Obligation Company is a sort of entity that you have the ability to sign up in various states. You have the ability to register a LLC through the Assistant of States' office in the state that you want to create an LLC within.
LLC's are developed for various reasons and one significant reason can be the tax benefits that can be gotten. Tax Obligations for Restricted Liability Business are done utilizing something called go through taxation. This means that the earnings made by the service in addition to tax obligations for the business would be reported by the members of the Minimal Obligation Company, it would not be separate from the person.
An advantage that Restricted Obligation Business also use is the liberty to run your business without the problem of consistent reporting. Unlike corporations, LLC's are not called for to maintain a document of conference mins e.t.c. This makes it a lot simpler to run an LLC, specifically for brand-new local business owner that won't have time to invest making sure they did the ideal paper job.
Utilizing a third party to sign up new LLC's, can be helpful as well. Not only does it get rid of the worry of paper work, yet it likewise gives you the guarantee that the documentation is done properly, eliminating any kind of possibility of issues in the future.
C-Corp: You are planning to increase outdoors funding from a group of investors, think your company will certainly expand to be an industry and also possibly go public one day, or you 'd favor to have all taxation handled at the corporate level instead of passed thru to private shareholders including on your own.
LLC: You anticipate your organisation to be smaller and not have as numerous investors, and also to raise little (if any type of) outside resources. You do not anticipate to go public but think it is most likely you will want to pay the revenues made by the company out to investors on a regular basis.
LLC– Limited Obligation Company. These entities were produced to make it possible for local business owner to set-up a lawful entity that provides them private legal and economic defenses (thinking you do not co-sign for the LLC's obligations) while keeping a tax reporting structure that allows the business proprietor to tape earnings and also losses on their individual tax obligations. Thus, LLC's are thought about "Pass Via" entities for tax purposes, indicating that the taxable profits or losses for business are passed thru to business owners, that tape-record these as component of their personal tax obligation filings. The LLC does not pay corporate tax obligations commercial and also does not accumulate losses for future tax offsets. All this is passed thru to owners.
The LLC structure is normally best for smaller companies where there are a couple of owners who are proactively involved in the business operations (owners of an LLC are separated into active and also easy proprietors, and also passive owners receive substantially less tax advantages from an LLC framework. To be thought about "Active" you have to be satisfy the IRS's definition of being meaningfully involved in the procedures of business). LLC's in many states are limited in regards to the number of shareholders they could have, although this is transforming and also there are methods around these limitations, yet once more, LLCs are developed for smaller organisations so as you grow and your investor base expands, you could run up against several of these constraints.
LLC's are likewise an excellent choice in scenarios where you anticipate the company with have considerable revenues and you intend to pay those out to shareholders on a regular basis. Due to the fact that they are "Pass Through" entities, LLC's are not strained for the profits and rather this is done at the private owner degree. As a result, any type of money from earnings in the LLC has actually been spent for in regards to tax obligations currently by the proprietors, and also can be dispersed to owners with no added tax obligation due. This is various from a C-Corporation that faces exactly what is referred to as "Dual Tax" because the company pays tax obligations for its revenues, and then shareholders pay taxes for any type of distributions (rewards) paid to them. It is important to keep in mind that LLC's do not need to disperse revenues to shareholders. You can elect to keep earnings in the company instead to reinvest in business (or simply keep for a wet day). Each owners share of these profits is tracked in their capital account (component of the equity item of your annual report).
We do not have data to show it, yet have actually learnt through some people that they believe LLC's get discounted worths to some extent in a purchase, in particular if the acquirer is a C-Corp (note: basically every public company in the United States is a C-Corp). There are 2 probable disagreements for this sight. First, since LLCs are not taxed, they are more likely to have some funky things going on when it pertains to resources accounts, retained revenues, etc. Since C-Corp finance groups do not comprehend LLCs also, they could be naturally mindful, which could influence the assessment paid. The 2nd reason is that it is regarded as being much easier for a C-Corp to get an additional C-Corp, whether it is the procedure of handling superior stock alternatives, taking care of tax issues for the stub year of the procurement or various other aspects, there is possibly some practical disagreement below. Again, we do not have data to back this up, however it is worth mentioning as you think about the very best framework for your business.
One last note on LLCs. If you have any kind of strategies to elevate cash from institutional investors, DO NOT form a LLC. There is a straightforward description for this. The majority of venture funds are forbidden from investing in LLC's because these entities could create UBTI (unconnected company gross income) for the endeavor fund, and also consequently for the funds limited companions. The majority of endeavor fund limited companions are charitable entities, as well as one of the simplest methods to mess up this category is to get UBTI. As a result, venture fund papers go to wonderful lengths to ensure they will certainly not remain in a situation where they might handle UBTI. Before you write a comment listed below, yes, you are correct, there are a lot of instances of venture companies buying LLCs (delay, but you said …). NEVERTHELESS, in these cases, the funds in fact bought something called a "blocker corp", which is a C-Corp developed for the express objective of investing in a LLC. This "blocker corp" successfully blocks UBTI from coming into the fund, because it is managed within the blocker corp's C-Corp framework. So, yes, they CAN make an investment in an LLC, it is an annoyance for venture funds to do this as well as they would significantly like you have a C-Corp. We 'd also say that going in to pitch a venture fund with a LLC structure will certainly reveal you as being somewhat naïve regarding firms and venture financing, which might not be a major knock, yet is still a knock. Considered that, why offer a feasible factor for a potential investor to look somewhere else?
C-Corporation. C-Corporations are just what we take "normal" service entities due to the fact that these are the sorts of entities we see as well as work with on a daily basis. C-Corps are taxed business entities, suggesting that every year they report their profits/losses and also pay tax obligations (state as well as government) when they earn a profit, and tape-record a tax loss carryforward when they have a loss (these could generally be applied against future year revenues for tax obligation purposes). Shareholders in C-Corps have no tax obligation effects from revenues or losses as a result of owning shares in the entity, and also would just need to pay tax obligations if they were to receive a returns repayment from the company or were to market their shares for a revenue. Furthermore, the 'Company Shroud' of C-Corps is really strong in lawful scenarios, meaning it is essentially unheard of that an investor of a company would have any legal responsibility for the activities of business because of simply being an investor. While LLCs have similar defenses, they are much less checked in the courts and since these entities are frequently related to individual services, it is in some situations possible for plantiffs to "pierce the corporate veil". There is a large amount of legal precendent for C-Corporations, which is a vital factor to consider, particularly as you company grows as well as the likelihood of some jerk attempting to bilk cash from you for some phony lawful claim boosts (do you get the feeling we do not like trial legal representatives?).
The main negatives for a C-Corp is that they are rather extra costly to preserve from a legal as well as tax filings viewpoint, and also face "dual taxation" when dispersing revenues to investors. This second item is the most important, as well as is best explained with a fast instance. Take a company that pays 25% in taxes on every buck of revenue, with shareholders that each pay taxes at a 30% effective rate. The company reports earnings of $1,000 for the year, and pays $250 of that in tax obligations. The company makes a decision to pay the rest to investors, so pays $750 in rewards. Investors report these returns and also income, and also are tired on them at the 30% price (not at the lower Capital Gains tax obligation rate), so of the $750 in returns paid out, $225 mosts likely to pay tax obligations. So, with a C-Corp, of the $1,000 in earnings, $475, or 47.5% is paid in tax obligations. If the entity were a LLC, business would pay no tax on the $1,000 profits. Rather, people would pay taxes on these revenues at their individual tax obligation rate, so in this instance, $300 would go in the direction of taxes, as well as the various other $700 would certainly be paid to investors. This is a 17.5% tax obligation pinch hit having a C-Corp framework, which is big (and in our view an absurd process, however we doubt this obtains changed anytime quickly, or ever).
Here is the good news. If you are preparing to elevate equity capital or money from Angel financiers, it is unlikely you will ever before pay dividends anyways, so you should not let the double tax concern trouble you excessive. Financiers anticipating making multiples on their first financial investment are mosting likely to have a tough time earning an acceptable price of return based upon returns repayments. While every chosen financing framework we have ever before seen has dividends as part of the deal, these are non-cumulative (or should be) and also are truly only in position as a defense mechanism for investors (to avoid usual owners from paying out every one of the resources in a service to themselves).
On balance, we would certainly recommend you opt for a C-Corp unless you are a local business or have a small team of owners. This is one to discuss with your founders and legal experts, however if you would check any one of the boxes in the quick recap above for C-Corp, we 'd suggest going that route.
Quick note: It is feasible to transform an entity from a LLC to a C-Corp. It could be a pain to do this, yet it can be accomplished, so do not stress if you are already developed as a LLC, you could transform it in the future– we 'd recommend you intend to do it together with an outdoors funding round as it is not an inexpensive procedure. Letting prospective investors recognize you are a LLC however plan to transform with the financing could aid with the minor knock we believe you'll get for being a LLC to begin with.
Second quick note: If you plan to self-fund the business for a few years before raising outdoors funding and enjoy optimum tax obligation preparation (as well as have a great tax obligation and also company attorney), think about structuring as an LLC in order to acknowledge very early year losses directly before you elevate outside loan. Strategy to convert when your business begins to create a revenue or when you elevate outdoors resources (whichever comes first). This only works if you are self financing with a significant quantity of loan, and also will certainly call for additional work (as well as legal charges), so we question this is the best path for concerning 97% of individuals reading this write-up, however we such as tax obligation optimization so figured we would certainly state it for the 3% of you around.
. Possible consumers could really feel that a firm is a lot more considerable and also a lot more "genuine" than an LLC.
Could be structured to resemble a company, but that includes added intricacy and cost.
To your 2nd inquiry, you are better off working with an attorney to do it for you if there is more than someone (meaning you will certainly require an Operating Arrangement) or there is any type of intricacy.
I concur that maybe one of the most fundamental part is preparing a good operating agreement, services like lawful zoom will not provide you with a custom-made Operating Arrangement and also accountants do not actually like preparing regulating records.
An operating contract that is customized to your LLC ought to be prepared and submitted by your company attorney so that it is precise and total.
When making a decision to create a LLC you will certainly have to look at every one of the options that are available to you. First is the understanding that all services, whether they are corporations, LLCs, sole-proprietorships, or partnerships can deduct their business expenses. You do not should create an entity to have the benefit of deducting your expenses. Having the standing of LLC or Corporation could restrict your exposure to audit, but it does not give even more tax reductions compared to a single proprietorship. For example, a single proprietorship can subtract any kind of reputable business expense; such as cell phone, automobile miles, gas utilized for company traveling, aircraft price for organisation travel, and so on. Consult your CPA to verify that this holds true for your particular circumstance.
company register details With either a LLC or an S Firm, all of the business profits and also losses will pass-through to the proprietors of the business each year. When you submit your personal tax obligations, your accountant needs to supply you with a K1 for your service and include the profit or loss declaration within your individual income tax return. This is various from that of a c corporation because a c corporation exists as a legal as well as different entity from its shareholders. The policemans & supervisors are accountable for taxes, not the investors. The c-corporation is in charge of composing the government a look for every one of the revenues gained within the tax year. The investors would consist of on their income tax return any type of returns or income obtained from business in the year, as well as not the specific earnings earned by the business.
Articles of Company must be filed with your Secretary of States Company Bureau. Many Secretary of States website provide comprehensive guidelines on the best ways to submit, where to submit, what does it cost? to pay, as well as the yearly demands if any type of. For example, the State of The golden state needs all LLCs to submit an annual Declaration of Information detailing the members of the entity. This kind is also required for corporations.
Appears pretty very easy doesn't it? Well establishing the LLC generally is simple, particularly if you are planning to run a solitary or two members LLC. The more complicated your organisation plan, the extra intricate both the operating agreement as well as write-ups will certainly come to be. If you are intending on establishing a service as an LLC with members which you do not know, you ought to think about consulting with a lawyer to shield your legal rights. There are lots of instances of company register detailscompanies that do not do well, and also instances of services that have monitoring issues and also varying opinions in between members. Protect your interest by investing the extra time and money as well as make certain that you have actually shielded your possessions. A lawyer will have the ability to guide you as well as inform you to any type of mistakes that might take place.
There are many solution companies offered as well as this might be a good route for you if you are planning on setting up a solitary participant or multi participant LLC. Before you submit, do your research as well as make certain that you could trust your companions and that you have the appropriate short articles and operating agreement in place.
As mentioned earlier, you can form a LLC by self-filing your short articles, pay a company, consult an attorney, and even talk to your accounting professional. Regardless of which filing method you like and even choose, you must think about your LLC from a tax perspective. As soon as you have actually determined that an L.L.C. or company is best for you, the significant determining variable should be to decrease your general tax obligations. Each state will certainly have various tax requirements and also tax obligation rates so get in touch with your accountant as well as ask which is finest for you. Some write-ups or web sites will certainly declare that one is far better than the other, however its outside of the extent of a write-up to make this insurance claim.
Several States now use on-line declaring approaches for beginning your LLC. Filing online in numerous states is simple and also takes just a couple of mins. You will should have a major bank card or debit card to finish the process of setting up your LLC. Once you put your order online, the state will certainly review it as well as usually respond within 1-5 company days.
First, you will certainly have to look for name availability. This procedure is commonly easy as a lot of states offer web sites to look for readily available names. You can utilize the openly given tools to look for readily available names within your state.
You need to watch your operating agreement as a roadmap for your LLC as well as a guide to manage the tough questions. The function of having a well-detailed operating agreement is to specify just how the participants and more significantly the business should respond to certain scenarios. An operating contract is needed for all LLCs no matter state. An operating arrangement adds much less value for a 1 participant LLC since there is no probability of disagreement in between the members.company register details Nevertheless, if you have 50 members in an LLC, it will be essential to plainly information an operating arrangement. A well created running contract will certainly act as a guideline for dealing with lots of difficult situations. If your operating contract doesn't define what to do in a certain situation you might wish to call an unique conference of the participants to change the operating arrangement.
An LLC, like a firm, could exist , or not have a finishing day. An LLC could additionally be setup with an end date for dissolution. company register details If you want to liquify your LLC you may end up having your business audited by the Internal Revenue Service. It is a fact that lots of companies get investigated when they liquify, so opt to begin and also shut your service carefully. Always talk to your accountant before liquifying a company.
In some scenarios, dissolving an LLC can be rather easy to do, as well as it is completed in a lot of states by filing an easy kind alerting the state of the purpose to liquify.
Forming an LLC is easy and while you can do it yourself, you may be far better off seeking expert help when establishing your service. In some situations you will need the assistance of an attorney, accountant or both. With any luck after reading this you have a much better suggestion concerning the demands and also some of the prospective mistakes of establishing and also running your personal LLC. While this write-up is not indicated to have every one of the solutions, it will hopefully give you a great basis for moving on with the formation of your new LLC.
LLC stands for a limited liability company. LLC's operate much the same means as a corporation, in that it is a lawful entity that could conduct service under its very own name. More and more local business owner' are electing to create LLC's annually but why precisely are so many company owner currently doing this?
. By developing an LLC, preserving as well as operating it correctly, you along with other participants (proprietors of an llc are called members) included ought to not be held directly responsible for points that could go wrong throughout the training course of business or any one of the debts that are run into. This indicates that individual possessions of the participants are shielded as well as won't be made use of as a means of resolving service financial debts.
So simply how precisely do you deal with forming an LLC? Believe it or not if you want to develop an LLC you will certainly locate it to be a rather basic procedure as well as it may be among the most effective things that you ever do for your service. Actually all you actually have to do is the complying with to earn it legal and a reality:.
First you will have to pick a name for your company. There are two crucial elements when it concerns doing this. The apparent one is you have to see to it the name you desire is offered as well as secondly you should see to it that it follows your state's restricted liability company statutes such as ending with LLC. Further, some words could be prohibited by your state such as bank or insurance.
Following you have to submit formation files with the state. These are usually described as the short articles of company or a certification of formation, There is a fee to file the papers with the state and also can vary between $50 to $500. Once your LLC declaring has actually been accepted by the state you must after that develop an LLC operating contract. Within this contract you ought to set out the rights and also responsibilities of each of the LLC participants.
Last but not least a couple of states call for that you release notification that the LLC development has actually been completed. Make certain to inspect if this is called for by your state. Once this is completed you after that merely need to obtain a Federal Tax obligation ID Number (FEIN) along with any licenses as well as permits that could be required for your type of business.
LLC's or a Limited Responsibility Company is a sort of entity that you are able to register in different states. You are able to sign up a LLC through the Assistant of States' workplace in the state that you intend to develop an LLC within.
LLC's are produced for various factors and one significant factor can be the tax obligation benefits that can be acquired. Tax Obligations for Limited Liability Business are done utilizing something called pass through taxation. This means that the revenue gained by the company along with taxes for business would certainly be reported by the participants of the Minimal Responsibility Company, it would certainly not be different from the individual.
A benefit that Limited Obligation Business additionally supply is the freedom to run your business without the hassle of constant reporting. Unlike firms, LLC's are not needed to keep a record of conference minutes e.t.c. This makes it a great deal simpler to run an LLC, particularly for brand-new business owners who won't have time to invest making sure they did the right paper work.
Making use of a third party to sign up brand-new LLC's, can be valuable as well. Not only does it eliminate the burden of paper job, yet it additionally gives you the guarantee that the documentation is done correctly, eliminating any opportunity of issues in the future.
C-Corp: You are planning to raise outside funding from a team of investors, believe your company will grow to be a big business and potentially go public one day, or you would certainly prefer to have all tax handled at the corporate degree instead of passed thru to private shareholders including on your own.
LLC: You expect your company to be smaller and also not have as many shareholders, and to increase little (if any) outside resources. You do not anticipate to go public however believe it is more probable you will certainly want to pay the earnings made by the company out to shareholders regularly.
Still cannot determine? We'll specify each entity type in more detail which ideally assists with your decision making.
LLC– Limited Obligation Company. These entities were produced to enable company owner to set-up a lawful entity that supplies them individual lawful and also financial securities (thinking you do not co-sign for the LLC's responsibilities) while maintaining a tax coverage framework that allows business owner to videotape revenues and also losses on their individual tax obligations. Thus, LLC's are thought about "Pass Thru" entities for tax obligation purposes, meaning that the taxable earnings or losses for the business are passed thru to the business owners, who tape these as part of their personal tax filings. The LLC does not pay corporate taxes for profits and also does not accumulate losses for future tax offsets. All this is passed thru to owners.
The LLC framework is normally best for smaller companies where there are a couple of owners that are actively involved in business operations (owners of an LLC are split right into energetic and also easy owners, as well as passive proprietors receive significantly less tax obligation benefits from an LLC structure. To be taken into consideration "Active" you need to be fulfill the Internal Revenue Service's meaning of being meaningfully associated with the operations of the business). LLC's in most states are restricted in regards to the number of investors they can have, although this is altering and also there are methods around these restrictions, but once more, LLCs are designed for smaller sized businesses so as you grow as well as your shareholder base grows, you could run up against several of these restraints.
LLC's are additionally a great option in scenarios where you expect the company with have significant profits and you prepare to pay those bent on shareholders regularly. Because they are "Pass Through" entities, LLC's are not taxed for the profits and rather this is done at the individual owner degree. Consequently, any kind of cash from profits in the LLC has actually been paid for in terms of taxes currently by the owners, and could be distributed to owners without any added tax due. This is various from a C-Corporation that encounters just what is referred to as "Double Tax" because the company pays tax obligations for its earnings, then shareholders pay tax obligations for any kind of circulations (rewards) paid to them. It is essential to keep in mind that LLC's do not have to disperse revenues to shareholders. You can elect to maintain profits in the company instead to reinvest in business (or just maintain for a stormy day). Each owners share of these earnings is tracked in their capital account (part of the equity piece of your balance sheet).
We do not have information to show it, yet have heard from some people that they think LLC's obtain discounted worths to some degree in a purchase, in particular if the acquirer is a C-Corp (note: basically every public company in the US is a C-Corp). There are 2 probable disagreements for this view. First, because LLCs are not exhausted, they are most likely to have some cool stuff taking place when it concerns resources accounts, maintained incomes, etc. Because C-Corp money groups do not recognize LLCs as well, they might be naturally mindful, which could impact the evaluation paid. The 2nd reason is that it is regarded as being less complicated for a C-Corp to purchase one more C-Corp, whether it is the process of handling exceptional stock choices, taking care of tax obligation issues for the stub year of the purchase or various other variables, there is possibly some practical argument below. Again, we do not have data to back this up, yet it is worth stating as you think about the most effective structure for your company.
One last note on LLCs. If you have any plans to increase cash from institutional investors, DO NOT create a LLC. There is a straightforward explanation for this. Most endeavor funds are banned from investing in LLC's since these entities could create UBTI (unrelated business taxable income) for the endeavor fund, and also for that reason for the funds minimal companions. The majority of venture fund limited partners are charitable entities, and also among the most convenient methods to screw up this category is to get UBTI. As a result, venture fund papers most likely to terrific lengths to ensure they will not be in a scenario where they may handle UBTI. Before you compose a comment listed below, yes, you are right, there are lots of instances of venture firms purchasing LLCs (delay, yet you said …). HOWEVER, in these instances, the funds in fact purchased something called a "blocker corp", which is a C-Corp developed for the specific objective of buying a LLC. This "blocker corp" successfully blocks UBTI from coming into the fund, since it is handled within the blocker corp's C-Corp structure. So, yes, they TIN make a financial investment in an LLC, it is an annoyance for endeavor funds to do this and they would greatly prefer you have a C-Corp. We would certainly likewise say that going in to pitch a venture fund with a LLC structure will certainly show you as being somewhat naïve regarding corporations and endeavor funding, which might not be a significant knock, yet is still a knock. Considered that, why supply a possible factor for a potential financier to look in other places?
C-Corporation. C-Corporations are what we consider "regular" organisation entities because these are the kinds of entities we see and deal with every day. C-Corps are taxable business entities, indicating that yearly they report their profits/losses and pay tax obligations (state and also federal) when they earn a profit, and also record a tax loss carryforward when they have a loss (these could usually be used against future year profits for tax obligation purposes). Shareholders in C-Corps have no tax effects from earnings or losses as an outcome of possessing shares in the entity, and would just need to pay taxes if they were to get a reward settlement from the company or were to offer their shares for an earnings. In addition, the 'Corporate Veil' of C-Corps is extremely strong in lawful circumstances, suggesting it is essentially unusual that an investor of a company would have any lawful liability for the activities of business because of just being an investor. While LLCs have similar securities, they are less tested in the courts as well as due to the fact that these entities are frequently pertaining to individual companies, it remains in some cases possible for plantiffs to "puncture the company veil". There is a large amount of lawful precendent for C-Corporations, which is an essential consideration, particularly as you company expands and the likelihood of some jerk attempting to swindle cash from you for some bogus legal claim rises (do you get the sense we do not such as test legal representatives?).
The main negatives for a C-Corp is that they are somewhat extra pricey to preserve from a legal and also tax obligation filings perspective, as well as face "dual taxes" when distributing profits to shareholders. This second piece is one of the most important, and is ideal discussed with a quick instance. Take a company that pays 25% in tax obligations on every buck of profit, with shareholders who each pay tax obligations at a 30% efficient price. The company reports revenues of $1,000 for the year, as well as pays $250 of that in tax obligations. The company decides to pay the remainder to shareholders, so pays out $750 in dividends. Investors report these dividends and also income, as well as are tired on them at the 30% price (not at the reduced Funding Gains tax rate), so of the $750 in rewards paid, $225 goes to pay taxes. So, with a C-Corp, of the $1,000 in revenues, $475, or 47.5% is paid in tax obligations. If the entity were a LLC, business would pay no tax on the $1,000 earnings. Instead, people would certainly pay taxes on these revenues at their personal tax price, so in this instance, $300 would certainly go to taxes, and also the various other $700 would be paid to investors. This is a 17.5% tax hit for having a C-Corp structure, which is big (as well as in our view an unreasonable procedure, but we doubt this gets altered anytime quickly, or ever before).
Here is the bright side. If you are planning to elevate venture capital or cash from Angel financiers, it is unlikely you will ever before pay returns anyways, so you need to not allow the dual taxation problem trouble you too much. Investors expecting to make multiples on their initial investment are going to have a tough time making an appropriate rate of return based upon dividend repayments. While every preferred financing framework we have actually ever seen has dividends as component of the offer, these are non-cumulative (or need to be) and also are really only in position as a defense reaction for investors (to avoid usual owners from paying out all of the funding in an organisation to themselves).
On balance, we would suggest you opt for a C-Corp unless you are a local business or have a small group of proprietors. This is one to talk about with your founders and legal advisors, yet if you would check any one of packages in the fast recap over for C-Corp, we 'd advise going that route.
Quick note: It is possible to transform an entity from a LLC to a C-Corp. It can be a pain to do this, however it could be completed, so do not worry if you are already developed as a LLC, you could change it later on– we would certainly recommend you plan to do it combined with an outside financing round as it is not an economical process. Allowing prospective investors recognize you are a LLC but plan to transform with the funding could assist with the mild knock we think you'll obtain for being a LLC to begin with.
Second fast note: If you intend to self-fund the business for a few years prior to elevating outdoors capital as well as enjoy optimal tax obligation planning (and also have an excellent tax obligation as well as corporate attorney), consider structuring as an LLC in order to acknowledge very early year losses personally prior to you increase outside money. Plan to convert when your service begins to form an earnings or when you increase outside resources (whichever comes first). This only works if you are self financing with a meaningful amount of loan, and will call for additional job (as well as lawful charges), so we doubt this is the right path for about 97% of individuals reading this short article, yet we like tax optimization so figured we would certainly state it for the 3% of you available.
. Prospective customers may feel that a firm is a lot more significant as well as much more "actual" compared to an LLC.
To your second concern, you are much better off working with a lawyer to do it for you if there is more than a single person (definition you will certainly need an Operating Contract) or there is any intricacy.
I concur that maybe one of the most vital part is composing a great operating contract, services like lawful zoom will certainly not provide you with a personalized Operating Arrangement as well as accounting professionals do not truly like composing governing documents.
An operating agreement that is customized to your LLC should be prepared as well as filed by your organisation attorney to make sure that it is accurate as well as complete.


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Home › 'Snake Dancer' by Bergman
'Snake Dancer' by Bergman
An impressive early 20th Century Austrian cold painted bronze study of a young Oriental beauty dancing with a snake coiled around her arms, with excellent detail and fine colour, signed with the Bergman 'B' in an amphora vase.
Bergman
Bergman is celebrated for his great attention to detail and wonderful vibrant colours, Franz Xavier Bergman (1861-1936) is, arguably, the most famous of the Viennese cold-painted bronze artists, delighting in producing Oriental, Arab bronze and animal subjects, including Harem beauties, Arab tradesmen, Scribes and Arab Warrior and almost every animal subject that was known at the time.
Bergman Lamp
The advent of the wide use of electricity, coupled with an interest in the Middle East, spurred the creation of large lamps depicting Arabs in various settings and occupations. These intricately crafted bronzes, which became popular throughout the world, were made to illuminate the depicted scene, not to light up a room. Prices of these lamps have skyrocketed recently, perhaps tripling or quadrupling in the last five years.
From the 17th Century onwards it was customary for the young Victorian gentleman to go on the obligatory tour of the East – the Grand Tour – as an educational rite of passage. Visiting countries and experiencing customs they had only ever heard about in stories, these young men were keen to show their families mementos of their experience, especially the lavish subjects of the Middle Eastern Arab world like the Bergman Arab with his pipe. The return trip would usually include a visit to Vienna, and here the 'souvenir' shops supplied a plethora of beautifully crafted sculptures with an Orientalist Arab flavour. These were often acquired to show their friends and families images of their travels. Bergman was noted for his detailed and colourful work and he produced a huge number of Orientalist subjects to cater for this market including this Arab bronze Coffee Vendor.
For a further selection of sculptures by this artist click on Franz Bergman Sculptures

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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'Parents are not expected to teach': Key takeaways from townhall with Central Okanagan education officials
Canadian Cases
The Symptoms
By Megan Turcato	Global News
Posted April 1, 2020 3:30 pm
Updated April 1, 2020 7:50 pm
2:28 SD23 answers questions from parents in virtual meeting
SD23 answers questions from parents in virtual meeting – Apr 1, 2020
With spring break now official over, but in-person classes still canceled amid the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a lot of uncertainty for parents, students and educators.
Central Okanagan Public Schools board chair Moyra Baxter and superintendent Kevin Kaardal took public questions about the issue in an online video forum Tuesday night.
Here are some key take away from the Q and A.
Parents are not expected to teach their kids
The district superintendent point out that while most kids will be at home parents won't be required to home school their children.
Superintendent Kevin Kaardal said teachers will be "providing quality learning" mainly using a variety of online platforms and software.
"Parents are not expected to teach their children. Our teachers will be figuring out how to do that. In the most extreme cases where there is just not an opportunity for online support we will be providing some traditional methods around instruction and connection through either phone support or paper-based support," said Kaardal.
READ MORE: Coronavirus: Okanagan schools planning to continue learning through pandemic
Families should expect to hear from their childrens' teachers directly in the coming days.
The district plans to phase in the alternate learning programs as to not overwhelm students, parents or educators.
1:29 Dr. Bonnie Henry encourages 'new form of learning' in B.C. education system
Dr. Bonnie Henry encourages 'new form of learning' in B.C. education system – Mar 30, 2020
Graduation or promotion to the next grade won't be automatic
Just because in-person classes are canceled doesn't mean kids are on vacation.
The school district said that there will not be automatic promotion to the next grade or graduation if students don't participate in the alternative learning programs.
Kaardal said that "teachers will be providing quality learning" and his message to students is that there is that "there is work to be done."
"We really encourage our young people and families to be engaging with their teachers who are working very hard to plan and then provide a quality education service," Kaardal said.
Kaardal said that with local schools only about a third of the way through their semester the district doesn't believe any student is in a position to graduate without further engagement.
"If they engage with our teachers and do the work they are supposed to do then, yes, we belive that every one of them will graduate," Kaardal.
READ MORE: Okanagan international school trips in question amid COVID-19 outbreak
Kaardal said in cases where teachers aren't able to connect with a student or a student isn't engaged with the alternate learning the district "will be looking at how we support them with councillors and others to try to connect them to the learning that is required."
Officials still working on details of Grade 12 graduation and transitions to post-secondary
Graduating from high school and moving to post-secondary can be a challenging transition under normal circumstances and doing so during a global pandemic has raised a host of other questions.
Central Okanagan Public Schools is providing alternate learning programming so students can graduate.
Asked if universities and colleges will recognize credits that come out of Grade 12 this year, Kaardal said he is in touch with UBC Okanagan and Okanagan College to look a solutions that create a smooth transitions for students.
Kaardal said that the district is still figuring out what school transcripts will look like this year but said that students will receive final grades and final report cards.
Kaardal said that the district is in discussion with the province about graduation requirements involving work experience which might not be possible as society implements physical distancing.
He said he expects that officials will be very flexible as they come up with alternate solutions for students to meet that requirement.
Grade 12 students will still be able to take advance placement exams as an online, open-question exam has been developed. Students will hear directly from their teachers about the details.
2:02 B.C. parents look for education direction as 'spring break' comes to an end
B.C. parents look for education direction as 'spring break' comes to an end – Mar 27, 2020
Graduation ceremonies may have to be cancelled
If the same physical distancing requirements that are in place now are still in place at the end of the school year, the typical graduation events can't go ahead in their normal form.
School board chair Moyra Baxter acknowledged this would be very upsetting for graduating students.
"Graduation is so important to our students. They look forward to this for years and it will be very disappointing if they have to be cancelled," said Baxter.
"We are following the direction of (provincial health officer) Dr. Bonnie Henry who has told us not to have large groups meeting … We will just have to wait and see when we get to that time of year."
Asked if graduation ceremonies could be held later in the summer if physical distancing restrictions are lifted, Baxter said that was something school communities could look into.
"If [after the end of June] it was lifted then I think then obviously our secondary schools would be working with parents and their grad councils to see if there would be some way that they could recognize the achievements of their Grade 12 students," Baxter said.
"It really depends on what we are being told is right way to behave."
The district may need to take special precautions before sending physical learning resources to students homes
While most of the alternate learning will take place online, the school district is working with Interior Health to determine whether it will need to take special precautions before sending materials home to students.
The extra caution is being considered over concerns about how long the virus can live on objects.
READ MORE: Police in Princeton, B.C., issue warning following report of person impersonating health official
"It may be that we have to actually package materials using gloves and then keep them for 72 hours before sending them out through the mail," said superintendent Kevin Kaardal.
"We are looking for those kinds of solutions where we are required to provide a resource physically. Most resources, however, will be provided online."
The school district will be providing some supervision for children of essential workers
The school district is still working on plans to provide or facilitated supervision for the children of essential workers.
It is expecting that supervision will be provided both by organizations like the YMCA and the Boys and Girls Club and by the school district.
The service is expected to roll out by Monday for most of the 550 families whose parents work in the first tier of essential services.
In cases where students are coming into schools they will be limited to six students to a classroom and be provided with separate workstations to allow for physical distancing.
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Andrew Patton
Associate Professor of Economics, Duke University
Andrew Patton is an Associate Professor of Economics at Duke University, and has previously taught at the University of Oxford and the London School of Economics and served as an Academic Consultant to the Bank of England. Patton completed his undergraduate studies in finance and economics at the University of Technology, Sydney, and his PhD in economics at the University of California, San Diego. Patton currently serves on the editorial boards of the Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, the Journal of Applied Econometrics, and the Econometrics Journal.
Patton's research interests lie in financial econometrics, with emphasis on forecasting volatility and dependence, forecast evaluation methods, and the analysis of hedge funds. His research has appeared in such journals as the Journal of the American Statistical Association, Journal of Econometrics, Journal of Finance, Journal of Financial Economics and Review of Financial Studies, and has been supported by grants from INQUIRE UK, the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (UK) and the Leverhulme Trust. His research papers are available at http://econ.duke.edu/~ap172/research.html.
Articles by andrewpatton0
Should hedge funds be more open?


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Montpelier () is a village and a townland in east County Limerick, Ireland, on the east bank of the River Shannon. It is connected to O'Briensbridge across the river in County Clare by a 14-arch stone bridge. The first bridge across the river here was built in 1506 by Turlough O'Brien, First Earl of Thomond and his brother, the Bishop of Killaloe.

This 16th-century bridge was in turn replaced or rebuilt c. 1750. The five arches on the west side of the bridge date from this period. The six arches on the east side were replaced by the Shannon Commissioners in 1842. The first arch on the west side was replaced by the present navigation arch when the Shannon Scheme was built downstream in 1925–29. The bridge carries the R466 roadway.

The ancient river-crossing here is believed to be identical with Áth Caille (meaning "Ford of the Wood"): one of the three fords mentioned in the Triads of Ireland, the others being Áth Clíath (Dublin) and Áth Lúain (Athlone).

See also
 List of towns and villages in Ireland
 O'Briensbridge-Montpelier

References

Towns and villages in County Limerick
Populated places on the River Shannon

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Buying an engagement ring and wedding band for a man might seem like a bigger task than choosing a woman's wedding ring, but this misconception can lead to a lack of preparation and overall confusion when the decision needs to be made. Knowing a few things about buying a man's wedding band before go shopping can help simplify the process and make a smart choice. Traditional metals like gold and platinum are easily scratched, and silver requires some occasional maintenance, as it can tarnish.
Titanium is extremely durable and lightweight, although it doesn't offer the same shine as other metals. Likewise, tungsten is a good choice for a ring that will last a lifetime. It will resist scratches and tarnish, but it is heavier than most options. Some men opt for ceramic instead, since it has a bit of shine, is lightweight and doesn't tend to get scratched. However, it is not as common and is considered less impressive by some.
Platinum wedding rings have been growing in popularity as people shift away from traditional gold rings. When compared to gold, platinum is a much stronger metal. However, it is less durable than other metals, such as titanium. It is a heavy metal, so want to try a platinum ring on for comfort before settle on a wedding ring made of this metal. Platinum is hypoallergenic, so it will not cause any allergic reactions. Platinum has a bright white color, which will never fade. It is, however, significantly more expensive than other metal choices, such as gold.
When selecting a wedding ring for a man, one of the most important decisions to make is the metal that will be used for the ring. Rings can be made from a variety of different metals. Silver is a soft, white metal that is occasionally used for wedding rings. Although it is significantly more affordable than other metals, silver requires extensive care. The metal itself is extremely soft, which makes the ring prone to scratches. Additionally, silver can become tarnished or discolored quite easily, so it is not recommended for everyday wear.


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Expansion of Conservative Views in Ukraine
According to the research of Analytical Center RATING Pro, Ukrainians are inclined to strengthen their conservative views. In their opinion, the most prohibited should be: access to soft drugs, same-sex relationships, free sale of weapons, and prostitution. More loyalty is displayed toward abortions.
The dynamics (since 2012) demonstrates an increase of support for the ban of access to soft drugs, free sale of weapons to citizens, same-sex relations, and employment of migrants from other countries. Attitude toward liberalization of erotic films demonstration on TV and prostitution has not changed. Instead, attitude toward abortions and death penalty abolition has become more loyal. The overall trend remains as follows: the younger the person, the higher the level of his/her income and education, the more liberal views he/she demonstrates. Moreover, women and rural residents are generally more conservative in their beliefs.
Thus, 11% of respondents support full access (or, at least, not a restrict) to the free sale of weapons to citizens, 17% - believe that it should be significantly limited but not prohibited, while the majority (69%) stands for a total ban. The dynamics show a decrease of support for the free sale of weapons to citizens among women, older people, and people with lower education level; an increase is seen among young people.
22% of respondents believe that Ukraine should not restrict employment of migrants from other countries, 28% - consider that it should be significantly limited but not prohibited, while the majority (39%) stands for a total ban. The dynamics has recorded deterioration of attitude toward employment of migrants in Ukraine, in terms of all socio-demographic groups, except for young people and residents of Donbas and West who are more loyal.
31% of respondents believe that we should not restrict the abortions in Ukraine, 27% - believe that it should be significantly limited but not prohibited, while a quarter stands for a total ban. In dynamics, an increase of loyalty toward abortions has been recorded mainly among men, young people, and rural residents. Meanwhile, women are generally more liberal toward abortions as compared to men. Considering regional aspect, the most negative attitude toward abortions is recorded in the West, especially in Galicia, where more than a half of respondents stand for a total ban.
Only 3% of respondents consider it reasonable not to limit soft drugs (such as marijuana) in Ukraine, 10% - agree with significant restrictions, but not a prohibition, while the vast majority (85%) supports a total ban. In dynamics, the level of support for legalization of soft drugs has worsened among women, older people, people with lower education level, and urban residents. Instead, young people's support has increased.
15% of respondents believe that we should not limit erotic films demonstration on TV, 32% - think that it should be significantly limited but not prohibited, while almost a half (46%) supports a total ban. In dynamics, men, younger and middle-aged people, people with higher educational level and rural residents have become more liberal on this issue. Less loyalty is demonstrated by women and people with primary education.
12 % of respondents believe that we should not limit the prostitution in Ukraine, 21% - agree with significant restrictions, but not a prohibition, while 53% stand for a complete ban. Despite the fact that in dynamics rural residents have become more loyal toward the liberalization of prostitution, support in the cities still remains higher. Traditionally, more loyal attitude toward prostitution is demonstrated by men, younger and middle-aged people while among women the trend of prostitution prohibition is strengthening.
Only 8 % of respondents believe that there is no need to limit same-sex relations in Ukraine, 15% - think that there should be a significant limit but not a prohibition, while the majority (69%) supports a total ban. In dynamics, attitude toward same-sex relations has deteriorated in terms of all socio-demographic groups. The trend remains as follows: the older age and the lower education level, the more support for the ban. More liberal views – among young people, people with higher education and income.
31% of respondents support a total ban on the death penalty in Ukraine, 20% - stand for a significant limit but not a prohibition, 14% - consider that it should not be limited, the same quantity (14%) stands for the full restoration of the death penalty in Ukraine. Women are more likely to support death penalty ban as compared to men. Moreover, a clear trend is recorded: the higher the income of a person, the more he/she supports death penalty ban. Instead, the restoration of the death penalty is more supported in the Center and South of the country, primarily by older people and rural residents.
The survey is conducted by Sociological Group «Rating» on the order of Analytical Center RATING Pro.
During 21-28 June 2016, 2200 respondents in all the regions of Ukraine (except for Crimea and uncontrolled territories of Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts) were interviewed. The margin of error does not exceed 2,1%.
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Le Crac
Buildings of the Order of St.John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes and of Malta, at the Convent and in the provinces.
Lindos, Rhodes
The Acropolis of Lindos was one of the first castles to be captured by the Order of St.John during their long campaign to conquer Rhodes. Initially the Knights had been concerned only to disrupt the pirates who used the island's harbours to attack Christian shipping in the Aegean. In 1306 Master Foulques de Villaret, who had been the Order's first Admiral , sailed for Rhodes (from Cyprus) with two galleys and some transport vessels carrying 35 Knights and 500 infantry. En route they were joined by a Genoese buccaneer Vignolo de' Vignoli and two more galleys. The city of Rhodes easily beat off their assault but in November they managed to capture the fortress of Philermo.
The Knights of St.John reacted with great speed to the catastrophe that befell the Order of the Temple. In September 1307 Clement V confirmed the Hospitallers in their possession of Rhodes, only a few weeks before Philip IV moved against the Templars. The pope made the grant to Villaret in person who had traveled to the papal court where he was to spend the two years trying to raise a crusade to complete the conquest of the island.
Meanwhile in October, 1307, the Hospitallers captured the fortress of Lindos. The stronghold occupies a triangular outcrop of rock with harbours on two sides and only accessible form the north. This easily defensible position had meant that Lindos was settled as early as 2500 BC and by 1000 BC there was a temple to Athena. Lindos became one of the three important cities on the island whose citizens founded colonies at Naples in Italy and Gela on Sicily. After the three cities combined to found the city of Rhodes in 408 BC Lindos lost its importance. However during the Byzantine era the acropolis was maintained as a fortress.
Once the Hospitallers had taken Lindos they took advantage of the existing fortifications to turn it into one of their strongest castles on Rhodes. The castle was large enough to accommodate the citizenry and their livestock and possessions when the Turks raided the island, which happened frequently. Lindos also housed a prison where malefactors and knights who had fallen foul of the Rule were incarcerated.
Master Foulques de Villaret at the head of a small crusade completed the conquest of Rhodes in 1310. The occupation of the island minded the Pope to grant the Hospitallers most of the Templar's estates in 1312. In a few years de Villaret had led his Order from the depth of despair following the loss of the holy Land to a position of unprecedented wealth and power. It seems that this dazzling trajectory effected his judgement. Seemingly secure in his pre-eminent position on Rhodes he adopted the dictatorial ways of the despot, he was accused of womanizing and of drinking. Things came to a head for him in 1317 when the brethren rebelled, led by the elderly and embittered Draper, Fra' Maurice de Pagnac who tried to murder him. But de Villaret managed to escape, to the acropolis of Lindos where he was besieged by his fraternal enemies who elected de Pagnac Master in his stead.
In 1319 Pope John XXII confirmed Fra' Foulque as Master but immediately induced him to abdicate and he retired to a commandery in Languedoc. Fra' Maurice was sent to defend the Order's properties in Armenia, and under papal direction the Order elected Fra' Helion de Villeneuve as their new Master. But Fra' Foulques legacy was that the members of his Order would become known as the Knights of Rhodes, for two hundred years.
Posted by Jimmy Graham at 11:13 No comments:
Labels: Dodecanese, Knights of Rhodes, Knights of St John, Lindos, Order of St John, Rhodes, Rhodes castle
'Les Tenture des Indes', Valletta
One day, in the summer of 1710, one of the many pirate ships that patrolled the Straits of Sicily at that time, attacked and captured a brigantine belonging to the navy of the Order of St. John. Among the booty taken were four bales containing the ten wonderful tapestries known as the 'Tenture des Indes' that now hang in the Council Chamber of the Magistral Palace in Valletta. The ransom asked by the pirates was apparently, equal to the cost of their manufacture.
When your eyes have become accustomed to the dim light in the Council Chamber you are surrounded by a feast of the exotic: ten tapestries depicting the legends of the 'Indes Galantes' and the 'Noble Savage' - a rich display of hunters, fishermen and Indian princes set against backgrounds of teeming tropical abundance, small animals, exotic birds, fish, reptiles, fruit and luxuriant vegetation. Products of a time when exploration and the wonders of distant unknown lands had captured the romantic imagination, and the accuracy with which the hitherto unknown species were depicted is incredible.
It is hard to believe that these ten panels are tapestries and not paintings, and that the wonderful intensity and variety of expression on the faces of the animals has been achieved with only twenty shades of wool and the one shade of yellow silk that is used for the highlights in the water, and for the background skies. They also have a provenance as exotic as their subject matter.
Count John Maurice of Nassau, a cousin of the Prince of Orange who was known as the 'Brazilian', made various expeditions to Africa, South America and the West Indes between 1636 and 1644, when he was governor of Brazil. On these voyages, aimed at scientific and anthropological research, he took with him two artists, Francois Post and Albert Eckhout, who made drawings and paintings of the people, animals and plants they encountered.
In 1679 the Count gave these paintings to Louis XIV, and they inspired the King to have them woven into tapestries on the royal looms at Gobelins. He gave the work to his Painter in Ordinary, Charles Lebrun, who was also director of the Gobelins, and was to make ten cartoons from the paintings.
When the first set of 'Tenture des Indes' was produced in 1692 the novel subjects, luxuriant vegetation and 'Indian' figures introduced a new theme into late 17th century Gobelins manufacture. They were so much in demand that by 1693 the celebrated animal painter Francois Desportes was asked to retouch the original cartoons for use on the high- warp looms. Later he was asked to paint new versions of eight of the original designs. Thus there are two versions of the tapestries, those like the ones in Malta, which are the only complete set existing, made before 1725, and those after 1725, which are better known in France.
Fra. Raymond Perellos y Roccaful was elected Grand Master of the Order of St. John on 7th February 1697; and he gave as part of his Goia (an obligatory dowry to the Order on his election), two sets of valuable tapestries. A Flemish set with a religious theme went to the Conventual Church of St. John in Valletta, the other set, the 'Tenture des Indes' he gave to adorn the Council Chamber of the Magistral Palace, a room sixty-five feet long, twenty-five feet wide and twenty-seven feet high. Three pieces hang each side of the room between the windows and at each of the four corners a piece is hung to cover the ends of the room before the door cases begin. As they all have the arms of Perellos woven into the borders at the top it is likely that they were woven specially to these measurements. For 268 years this wonderful room was where the Council of the Order of St. John met.
Labels: 'Les Tenture des Indes', Council Chamber, Gobelins tapestries, Knights of Malta, Knights of St John, Magistral Palace, Malta, Order of St John, Perellos y Roccaful, Valletta
Assumption of Our Lady, Birkirkara
The Church of the Assumption of Our Lady is the old parish church of Birkirkara. The church was designed by Vittorio Cassar around 1600 and in plan is laid out on the Latin Cross. The carved interior is one of the richest on the island.
The finest part of the building though is the facade which was designed by the young Tommasso Dingli and begun in 1617. The facade is based on a classical temple front and is said to have been the first use of giant Corinthian capitals in Malta. The exquisite carving of the interior is repeated on the facade to wonderful effect. The delicacy and detail of the ornamentation that would never be equaled in Malta again.. A probably apocryphal story is that the carving was the work of a Sicilian criminal who had sought sanctuary in the church.
In 1753 the Church of St.Helen was built and this replaced the Assumption of the Virgin as the parish church of Birkirkara. The unused church was allowed to deteriorate, until during the earthquake of 1856 the dome and the roof collapsed.
Labels: Assumption of Our Lady Birkirkara, Knights of Malta, Knights of St John, Malta, Malta parish church, Order of St John, Tommaso Dingli, Vittorio Cassar
Temple Manor, Strood
The manor of Strood near the River Medway in Kent was given to the Order of the Temple by Henry II in 1159. The hall was built at the beginning of the 13th century to provide accommodation for their knights and other dignitaries travelling to Dover and on to the Holy Land. By the 14th century the estate had been farmed out to tenants and the income was used to support the military activities of the Order in the East.
When in 1312 the Order of the Temple was suppressed in England, all their assets including Temple manor passed to the Order of St.John. An inventory of 1313 at Strood lists a hall, a chamber a chapel and a barn. Some years later the Prior of St. John complained that the King was still occupying former Templar properties, including Strood. The protest had no effect and in 1324 Strood, although legally the property of the Order of St.John, had to be ceded to the King. In 1342 Edward III granted it to the Countess of Pembroke who gifted it to support her nunnery at Denny in Cambridgeshire, another former Templar property.
The brick fireplace was inserted into the hall in the 17th century when the manor was used as a farmhouse.
Labels: England, Kent, Knights of Rhodes, Knights of St John, Knights Templar, Order of St John, Order of the Temple, Strood, Temple Manor
Our Lady of Victory, Valletta
The first building in the new city of Valletta was the small church dedicated to the Nativity of Our Lady. The church was re-named Our Lady of Victory as the Great Siege of 1566 had been raised on 7th September, the eve of the Feast of the Nativity of Our Lady. That year, a Chapter General of the Order decided that henceforth the 8th of September the Feast of the Nativity of Our Lady would be celebrated, in perpetuity, with great pomp and ceremony to commemorate the victory over the Turks.
After the death of the hero of the siege, Grand master Fra. Jean de la Valette he was laid to rest in the Church, the first person to be buried in the city he had founded and was named after him..When the Church of St. John had been completed, his remains and those of Grand Master del Monte were reinterred in the crypt of the new church.
In 1617 Our Lady of Victory was raised to a Parish Church of the Order and the paintings of St. Anthony the Abbot and St. Anthony the Confessor which the Knights had brought with them from Rhodes and which had been kept at St. Anthony in Birgu (Vittoriosa) were moved to the church.
Originally simple, the facade of Our Lady of Victory was remodeled in the Baroque style and the campanile was added in 1752. Grand Master Perellos commissioned the bronze bust of Pope Innocent XII that was placed on the facade, in recognition of his successful intervention in the dispute between the Bishop of Malta and the Prior of St.John's.
Labels: Knights of Malta, Knights of St John, Malta, Order of St John, Our Lady of Victory, Valletta, Valletta churches
St.James, Valletta
The Church of St. James the Apostle in Merchants Street (formerly Strada San Giacomo or St. James Street) Valletta was the conventual church of the Langue of Portugal, Castile and Leon. The first church dedicated to St.James was a much more modest structure built in the early days of the city. One hundred years later in 1710, the Church of St.James was rebuilt in the latest Baroque style, the first in Malta to be influenced by Bernini's work in Rome. The architect was Romano Carapecchia who had joined the Order as an architect and water engineer, St. James was his first building. The cost of the building was met by the Priory of Castile, by Cardinal d'Arias and other generous benefactors.
The facade has two stories, and though richly carved, the stone follows the restraint of the Roman example rather than the overblown style found in Spain and Sicily. The doors, windows and niches produce a dramatic chiaroscuro effect in the bright Mediterranean sun. A magnificent cartouche over the central window frames a coat of arms. The church is crowned by an unusual elliptical cupola. Inside, the altar is notable for its dramatic width and height and it has a painting of St. James by Arcangela Paldini (1599-1622) as its centerpiece. A niche under the painting contains a 'miraculous' image of the Madonna of Soledad brought to Malta by a Spanish member of the Order.
When it was finished the Prior of the Conventual Church of St.John's placed St. James into the care of a secular priest of the Maltese Diocese who acted as Sacristan and he was provided with accommodation nearby. Another priest, a Conventual Chaplain was appointed as the Church's Beneficiary.
The festivities by which Langue of Portugal, Castile and Leon honoured the Feast Day of their patron began on the eve of the feast when after prayers were offered in St.John's. Then the Grand Master, with the Knight's Grand Cross and other Palace officials processed to St. James. A service was held there assisted by two Conventual Chaplains of the Langue and the congregation was often said to spill out onto Merchants Street.
On the morning of the Feast Day, July 25th, at about 8am, the Grand Master, accompanied by his retinue of Grand Crosses and the Palace entourage, processed with all the accustomed pomp and pageantry to St. James. A solemn Choral High Mass was celebrated as on the eve, by the Beneficiary and the Conventual Chaplains of the Langue. At the conclusion of the High Mass a procession led by the Vice- Prior of the Conventual Church left St. John's with Ostensory and Relic of St.James. A motet was sung in praise of the saint before the procession returned through the streets to St.John's with the Relic, followed by the grand Master and attendant dignitaries.
At St. John's the Prior of the Church then entered wearing the pontifical robes surrounded by his assistants and the Antiphon of the Feast was chanted. The Relic was then censed and the ritual prayer of the Saint was intoned by the Prior who then placed the Relic on the High Altar. The pontifical ceremony of the Feast then got under way in the presence of the Grand Master and the assembled Knights.
Labels: Baroque, Knights of St John, Langue of Portugal Castile and Leon, Malta, Order of St John, Priory of Castile and Leon, Romano Carapecchia, St James Valletta, Valletta, Valletta churches
Watchtower, Margat
The isolated watchtower known as the Burj al-Sabi, or Boy's Tower stands on the edge of the precipice above the narrow coastal strip and the main road from Banias to Tartus in Syria. It was built by the Order of St. John at the same time c.1186, as they built the enormous fortress of Margat further inland. There was a wall that stretched from Margat right down to the seashore with a gate to control movement along the main road. This was the southern frontier of the Principality of Antioch, the second largest of the Crusader States and so the tower would have been used primarily for collecting taxes and tariffs from people and goods crossing to and from the County of Tripoli to the south.
After Saladin's crushing victory at the Horns of Hattin in 1187, his army on its triumphal foray to the north passed right under the walls of the Burj al-Sabi although it made no effort to take the tower. The Buj al-Sabi remained in the hands of the Hospitallers until the fall of Margat to the army of the Sultan Baibars in 1285.
Labels: Baibars, Burj al -Sabi, Knights Hospitaller, Knights of St John, Margat, Order of St John, Outremer, Principality of Antioch, Saladin, Syria
Swingfield Commandery
Swingfield near Dover in Kent was home to some of the sisters of the Order of St. John before they were moved to Mynchin Buckland, in Somerset in 1180. After the nuns departure, the Knights of St. John established a commandery at Swingfield which they held until the Dissolution of the monasteries in England in 1540.
The only commandery building to survive is the chapel with part of the adjoining hall, although the remains of other buildings are discernible in earth works to the south and west of the chapel. The chapel was built in the thirteenth century and still has its piscine, a stone basin for washing sacred vessels and an aumbrey a cupboard for storing communion vessels. These and the three lancet windows in the east wall all survived the chapel's conversion into a farmhouse after the Dissolution.
The report into the state of the Order of St. John in England ordered by Prior de Thame in 1338, found at Swingfield Commandery a manor house with a garden valued at 6s.8d. a year, the church at £10, a share of the church at Tilmanstone at £8 and the confraria or voluntary contributions at £20. Further income came from rents in the neighbourhood bringing the total receipts of the commandery to £82 4s.4d.
The expences born by Swingfield Commandery included £11 6s. for bread, £11 for flesh, fish and other foodstuffs, and £10 for beer. 69s for robes and other necessities for the commander Fra, Ralph Basset and the brother Fra. Alan Mounceux, 20s. for the repair of buildings, 40s. for the visit of the prior for two days, and the stipends of the three chaplains, a squire, two clerks, a chamberlein, a cook, a baker, a porter, a bailiff, a mower, two grooms and a page, ammounting to a total of £52 18s. 4d. The difference was paid to the Common Treasury for the support of the Convent at Rhodes.
Labels: commandery, England, Kent, Knights Hospitaller, Knights of Rhodes, Knights of St John, Order of St John, Swingfield
Xlejli Tower, Bettina Palace
The Xlejli Tower stands in the gardens of the Bettina Palace, or Dorrel Palace as it is also known at Gudja in the south of Malta. The garde...
Sword of La Valette
One of the most precious treasures belonging to the Order of St John was the Sword and Poniard (dagger) of Grand Master Fra' Jean de La ...
Magistral Palace Armoury, Valletta
The Palace Armoury owes its origin to a Statute of Grand Master de la Sengle of 1555 which required that all arms and armour belonging to th...
Balantrodoch (Temple) Commandery
The preceptory of Balantrodoch was the principal house of the Order of the Temple in Scotland. It is eleven miles south of Edinburgh on the ...
Verdala Palace
Grand Commander Fra' Hughes de Loubenx-Verdalle, a French Knight who belonged to the Langue of Provence was elected Grand Master of the ...
Crac des Chevaliers
Crac des Chevaliers has been called the supreme example of medieval military architecture and it is one of the iconic buildings of the worl...
St Cecilia Tower, Ghajnsielem
St Cecilia Tower, at the edge of the village of Ghajnsielem is a notable landmark on the road from Mgarr Harbour to the Citadel. Built in 1...
One day, in the summer of 1710, one of the many pirate ships that patrolled the Straits of Sicily at that time, attacked and captured a brig...
Caravaggio in Malta
On 14 July 1608, the painter Fra' Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio was formally admitted as a Knight of Malta before the Council of the...
Sta.Margherita Lines (Firenzuola Lines)
The vulnerability of Vittoriosa to bombardment from the heights of Salvatore and Sta. Margherita was demonstrated in the Great Siege of 1565...
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Home » CV of Director
CV of Director
Han Thein Kyaw
Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation [BIMSTEC]
Mr. Han Thein Kyaw has joined the BIMSTEC Secretariat in Dhaka on 18 May 2018 as the first Director form Myanmar. He is a career diplomat with 20 years of Foreign Service experience. He joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Myanmar in January 1998.
He graduated with a Bachelor of Laws from the University of Distance Education, Yangon in 2003. He studied Law and Political Science at the Nagoya University in Japan and obtained a Master's degree in Law in 2011. He received professional trainings in Indonesia, Iran, the Netherlands and the United States of America.
Before joining the Secretariat, he served at the International Organizations and Economic Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From April 2016 to March 2018, he was attached to the Office of the President and served as a Personal Staff Officer (Executive Private Secretary) to His Excellency the President of Myanmar.
From 2007 to 2012, he served as Head of Branch at the South and West Asia Division of the Political Department where he handled bilateral issues of countries in that region, particularly Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal and Sri Lanka. Earlier, he was a Desk officer of the Americas Division of the same department. His first overseas posting was at the Myanmar Embassy in Phnom Penh, Cambodia from 2003 to 2006. He was posted as First Secretary at the Permanent Mission of Myanmar to the United Nations in New York from 2012 to 2015. While in New York, he served as a Legal Adviser/ Sixth Committee Officer and was also assigned as an Election Officer of the Mission. During Myanmar's ASEAN Chairmanship in 2014, he served as a coordinator of the ASEAN-New York Committee (ANYC).
He was elected as a member of Finance Committee of the International Seabed Authority (ISA) in Jamaica where he served as an independent expert for the term 2012-2015. He represented Myanmar as a member of Credentials Committee of the 23rd UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) State Parties meeting in 2013 and of the ISA for three consecutive terms starting from 2012.
He attended several international summits and conferences including the 50th Anniversary of G-77 and China Summit in Bolivia, the 27th ASEAN Summit and Related Summits in Malaysia, the First Mekong-Lancang Summit and Boao Forum for Asia in China, ASEAN-Russia Commemorative Summit in the Russian Federation, the 11th Asia-Europe Summit in Mongolia, the 8th CLMV and the 7th ACMECS Summit and the World Economic Forum on the Mekong region in Viet Nam, the Universal Health Coverage Forum in Japan among others as a Myanmar delegate. He was also part of high-level Myanmar delegations to Cambodia, India, Lao PDR, Sri Lanka and Thailand.
He has published a number of research articles on UN, diplomacy and anti-corruption measures. He was awarded the Rule of Law Medal in 2001 and the Civil Service Medal in 2014 for his dedication in the public service.
He spends his leisure hours by reading, writing and travelling. He is single.


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Saturday, November 12 • 8:00pm - 10:00pm
The Rendezvous | USA | Action/Adventure | Amin Matalqa | 92 min
Rachel, a Jewish-American doctor and Jake, an Arab-American government bureaucrat, are trying to solve the mysterious death of Rachel's treasure hunting brother. Racing around the world, they find themselves being hunted by a doomsday group called the Armageddonites who believe Rachel and Jake possess an ancient script discovered by Rachel's brother that could bring about the end of days. Caught in the middle of a plot to hasten the end of mankind, Rachel and Jake need to solve a murder, save the world, and discover for themselves that treasure is where you find it.
Trailer | IMDb
Director Amin Matalqa will be in attendance for a Q&A following the screening.
Individual ticket: $10 at the door (Cash or Credit)
All-Access Badge holders have priority access into the auditorium
Seating capacity: 69
*screening time & date subject to change
Tom Provost
Tom Provost wrote the screenplay for Under Suspicion, a thriller starring Academy Award winners Morgan Freeman and Gene Hackman, adapted from the French film, Garde A Vu. The screenplay was nominated for an Edgar Award. He wrote, directed and produced the independent feature The... Read More →
Amin Matalqa
Jordanian-American writer/director Amin Matalqa has made a career combining drama and comedy to bridge the cultural gaps between East and West through film. His first feature "Captain Abu Raed" won the Sundance Film Festival World Cinema Audience Award in 2008 along with 27 international... Read More →
Saturday November 12, 2016 8:00pm - 10:00pm CST
AMC Palace 9 - Theater 4 220 E 3rd St, Fort Worth, TX 76102