In order for a Resource to be selected when you create appointments on jobs the Resource must have a relevant service (skill) assigned to their account.
This differs from Team Services because a Resource Service can be added to services as Primary or Secondary services. Primary services are those that the Resource is highly skilled in, Secondary services cover work the Resource is capable of completing but that they wouldn't normally complete.
You can assign individual rates against services to identify the hourly rate for the Resource. If you only have one rate and have already assigned it to the team, you do not need to repeat it on the Resource. If the cost is different to the team then you will need to continue with this step. If you do not do so your jobs will not calculate your labour time. Service Rates for Jobs will use the Resource cost by default but if it's null it when then look at Team service rates.
Teams - Edit [EDIT_TEAMS] - Controls the option to modify an existing team and the ability to create a new team.
Teams - Edit Resources [EDIT_TEAM_RESOURCES] - Ability to edit and create new resource accounts.
Resources - View Services [VIEW_RESOURCE_SERVICES] - View the services assigned to a resource but unable to see the rates allocated against each service. To see the rates the user would need the right below for edit services.
Resources - Edit Services [EDIT_RESOURCE_SERVICES] - This right will display the rates against the services and the option to make alterations. The user will need the View services right above to see this tab against resource.
Resources - Delete All Services [DELETE_ALL_RESOURCE_SERVICES] - Controls if the delete all services button is available on the resource skill page.
Select Teams under the Teams section.
Click on the Team your Resource has been assigned to.
Select the Resource tab and click on the Resource you would like to edit.
Select the services that are applicable from the drop down list and click on the "Add Service" button. Ensuring that the relevant radio button is selected (to the left of the drop down) for Primary or Secondary service.
Primary Service will be the Services your Resource will be available for regularly.
Secondary service can be selected for Services the Resource will only need to cover in case of an emergency or infrequent use. When you create or reschedule appointments the user will have the option to include secondary services. By default it will only use primary services.
If the Resource can cover all Services, click on the "Add All Services" button to automatically assign all Services to the Resource.
Rates should only be applied to Resource Services if the Resource has a different rate to that of the team, otherwise leave the rate fields blank (as long as the rates have been populated against the services on the team).
To add an hourly rate to the service either select the A button next to the Rate Type, or click on the pencil icon at the end of the service line to amend all Rate Types at once.
Click the A button to add the rate, then click the green tick to save.
To view any changes to Resource Services click on the [view history] option on the Services/Rate tab.
This shows what action was taken (e.g. add, update, delete), against which service and field and who and when they completed the task.
Efficiency ratings can be stored against each Resource service. The efficiency rating is then used to adjust appointment durations. It does this by using the activity durations held against the appointment and adjusting them based on how efficient the resource is at the service.
This allows users to adjust the efficiency rating for a resource if they are quicker/ slower at performing certain services. A negative efficiency figure will increase the appointment duration and a positive efficiency will decrease the duration.
The team efficiencies will be used if the efficiency for the service held against the resource is set to "None", otherwise the resource efficiency is used.
NOTE: If an efficiency rate is applied to a resource and a team for a service, then the two rates will be added.
To enter an efficiency rating click on the pencil icon next to the service.
Alternatively you can click the A on the main screen.
To apply the same efficiency rating against all Services, enter the rating in the efficiency box at the bottom of the screen and select the Update All button.


Humble Violet's Florist aim to add a touch of charm and elegance to any occasion through our beautiful flower arrangements.
Humble Violet's believe strongly on our motto ' In joy or sadness flowers are our constant friends' when looking for a team of florists for your special events, count on Humble Violet's. Our flower arrangements can be customised according to your unique tastes and preferences. We will work closely with you and follow your requests down to the last detail. Whatever your ideas, trust us to deliver great results.
Breathtaking display of flowers for my wedding anniversary. Shows great innovation and a passion for the job. Went out of his way to deliver too. Will never use interflora again.
Thank you humble violet in being so considerate in meeting my order at such short notice. Besides that, the flowers were arranged nicely with a professional touch. Price was reasonable coupled by your friendly staff who took my order and the guy that delivered.
I will surely come again when the need arises and I will definitely recommend you to friends & family.
I have used this flower shop a couple of times now and the florists always surprise me with their hand tied bouquets. This mother's day I needed two bouquets and I needed both delivered, one on Saturday and one on Sunday plus I paid a premium for a set time and they were both on time which is remarkable in this day and age. Both my mum and wife were so happy with the flowers. I would definitely recommend this shop as the flowers are fresh and also have long life span plus I have loyalty card which is a very good incentive. The girls are always polite too so I never feel intimidated.
Great service from this friendly local florist. Despite it being a very busy valentines period, at short notice, they were able to put together a stunning birthday bouquet and even provide a special request of a rainbow rose.
Offered delivery but we opted to pick up as we were in the area and handily accept card or cash.
My daughter was thrilled with your choice of gorgeous flowers which followed my wishes to perfection.
Thank you so much 'Humble Violet's Florist'.
Called the shop spoke to a lovely lady who was extremely helpful and very knowledgeable, she arranged my flowers beautifully and delivered them on time. The gentleman who delivered them was very polite and friendly, also dressed very very smart. I would definitely recommend this business too others who are looking for the perfect flower shop. Thanks Humble Violets see you again soon.
Fantastic bunch of flowers. Really good quality and I left them in my black car accidentally on a hot day and they still lasted and looked great.
Excellent service, flowers will delivered in very good time.
Was VERY surprised about the value for money, was expecting to get a lot less for the money I paid.
Would highly recommend this place to all!
Perfect valentines gift. I ordered a gorgeous bunch of roses from Humble Violets. Not only did they arrange the flowers beautifully, but the presentation, the card and prompt delivery oozed professionalism.
I would be more than happy to recommend their services to friends and family.


GrossGrade BETA is available to download!
The first BETA-version of GrossGrade for Windows is available to download. It is raw and could be unstable. Go to downloads page now.
The free BETA is scheduled to debut on May 2016. So let's look forward.
Copyright © 2019 GrossGrade. All Rights Reserved.


When Joy Montrose received her commission to paint a mural depicting the healing miracles of Jesus at Good Samaritan Hospital, she never anticipated forming a close friendship with Evan Marshall. But the bond between the talented young artist and the gifted surgeon has grown, even though their lives are worlds apart. Now, with the family estate falling suddenly and unexpectedly into Joy's hands, she finds herself sifting not only through the memorabilia of generations but through her own heart and aspirations. Is it truly love that she feels for Evan? If so, can she at all reconcile it with the wounded healer's lack of faith in God or with her personal need for freedom to pursue her calling as a painter? In this final book in Jane Peart's beloved Brides of Montclair series, the faith and lives of an American dynasty wind to a poignant, present-day culmination as a young woman struggles with choices of love and obedience that will shapes the years to come.
Jane Peart was a best-selling novelist in both the secular and Christian markets. Her beloved Brides of Montclair Series is one of the longest continuous series on the market. She also published the American Quilts Series, and the Orphan Train Trilogy.
I'm the author/artist and I want to review A Montclair Homecoming - eBook.


Indian Patents. 280001:"ORAL COMPOSITIONS AND USES THEREOF"
"ORAL COMPOSITIONS AND USES THEREOF"
The present invention is directed to oral compositions comprising an orally-acceptable carrier and a silica abrasive comprising a precipitated amorphous silica compound having an average particle size of from 5 µm to 20 µm, oil absorption of from 60 cc/100 g to 120 cc/100 g, and an Einlehner hardness of from 4 to 11, and methods of use thereof.
300 PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10022 U.S.A.
1 NOWAK ANDREW 249 TANGLEWOOD DRIVE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08854 U.S.A.
2 PILCH SHIRA 909 SOUTH PARK AVENUE, HIGHLAND PARK, NJ 08904 U.S.A.
3 MASTERS JIM 1 STEPHEN COURT, RINGOES, NJ 08551 U.S.A.


What you're after is a Refraction pass. I am not intimately familiar with Cinema's Multi-pass, but I did some searching and there is plenty of info in past threads here.
I don't think the refraction pass does the trick here. If I understand correctly he wants to distort the pictures on the cards behind the glass in front. For that he would need a per pixel vector value of the areas that have refraction. The refraction pass only shows what has been refracted in the render. If the pictures are not there during render, the pass won't help with anything.
Now, I'm not too familiar with After Effects but it might be possible to distort the cards in post with a normalmap, as that texture saves 3D coordinates in the RGB channels. You could theoretically convert your displacementmaps to normalmaps and use those in post to distort the final textures.
I doubt it'll look as good as real distortion though, so I'd only use that in the worst case scenario if it's possible at all.


text:
The Crisis in Ukraine and Gas from Russia
Lecture on July 7, 2014, at Freie Universität Berlin on Consequences of the Ukraine Crisis for the European Gas Market
№ 234/2014 from Jun 25, 2014
On July 7, 2014, Professor Jonathan P. Stern will give a lecture at Freie Universität Berlin. He will analyze the effects that the ongoing crisis in Ukraine will have on Russian gas deliveries to the European Union. The chairman of the Gas Research Programme of the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, Stern will speak on The Russian Gas Matrix - how markets are driving change. The event is being organized by the Centre for Caspian Region Studies at Freie Universität Berlin. The lecture will be held in English. The event is open to the public, and admission is free.
Professor Stern will discuss in detail the consequences of the Ukraine crisis for the security of Europe's energy supply. The background of the lecture is that in the past there have repeatedly been tensions in the "gas relations" between Russia and the EU. The tension was partly due to transit disputes between Ukraine and Russia, as well as dramatic changes in the gas markets and the impact of the single European energy market and climate policy for the gas supply. "The current situation is anything but transparent," says lecturer Dr. Lutz Mez, a political scientist at Freie Universität Berlin. Mez assumes, however, that Russia will strongly defend its role as the largest gas supplier in Europe, and particularly Germany.
Monday, July 7, 2014, 9 a.m. to 10:30 a.m.
Freie Universität Berlin, Assembly Hall of the Academic Senate, Henry Ford Building, Garystr. 35, 14195 Berlin; subway station: Thielplatz (U3)
PD Dr. Lutz Mez, Berlin Centre for Caspian Region Studies, Freie Universität Berlin, Tel.: +49 30 838-55585, Email: lutz.mez@fu-berlin.de
Berlin Centre for Caspian Region Studies

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
How has Covid-19 affected the informal economy?
A new AHRC funded project 'Vulnerabilities to Modern Slavery? Predicting the presence and location of informalised workplaces in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic' begins at NTU
This project carried out by the Work, Informalisation and Place (WIP) Research Centre will explore the impact that the Covid-19 pandemic has had on a range of businesses within the informal economy sector and help identify the extent of modern slavery that occurs as part of their operation. WIP provides methodologically innovative interdisciplinary studies of contemporary work and employment in sectors such as hand car washes, nail bars, and small-scale garment manufacturing.
Informalised workplaces present a unique challenge when assessing the impact that the Covid-19 pandemic has on their workplace practises. Without a universal framework of enforceable regulation and inspection, workers are more vulnerable to having their rights eroded by employers. Recent headlines of the garment industry based in Leicester have highlighted factory owners overlooking the rights of their workers in order to profit in an increasingly lucrative fast fashion industry. Although the informal economy constitutes some 2.5 million workers and contributed 12% of Britain's GDP since 2016, many within in the sector suffer from wage theft, lack of holiday pay and pension contributions and unsafe working conditions.
In response to the measures to Covid-19, many businesses have either shut or moved their workers out of public spaces such as offices and shops in order to help isolate. This had led to a fall in scrutiny by the public of the worker's conditions and coupled with the increased demand in some sectors of the economy that is driven by informal labour many are facing an even greater risk of exploitation.
The informal economy poses several risks for workers making them vulnerable to the forces of modern slavery. Exploitative, and in some cases unlawful, employer practices include wage theft, long working hours, child labour, unsafe environments, and a coercive relationship between the employer and employee. Migrant workers are particularly vulnerable to the informal economy and modern slavery if they lack legal documents and are thus ineligible for protection under UK employment law.
The project aims to understand the impact of restrictions on movement associated with Covid-19 on unregulated informal business activity and associated employment practices. The methodology uses Google Street View and Ordnance Survey Points of Interest to collect data on informal business locations. Using Google and Apple mobility data, the project compares the patterns of movement of people before and during the lockdown. The pre-lockdown data is used as the baseline and is compared with the lockdown data to produce + and – figures using logistical regression analysis. By mapping the location of informal businesses and calculating the changes and continuities in population movement, the study will produce predictions of those areas that are likely to see continued or growing unregulated informal work and risks to modern slavery.
In addition to the changes in population movement during the lockdown, the project looks at understanding the socio-economic factors and levels of deprivation of different areas that relate to the presence of informal work and make certain areas more vulnerable to modern slavery. The economic impact of lockdown on local economies, businesses, and household incomes is an important factor to consider in predicting the presence of unregulated informal work and employment.
The project aims to predict the location of unregulated informal businesses in order to inform policymakers. Furthermore, by highlighting the socio-economic profile of different localities, the project aims to inform policymakers on those areas where funding and support should be allocated.
The project aims to contribute to the existing body of research projects under the Modern Slavery Policy and Evidence Centre. The approach used will build on the knowledge of the informal sector developed during previous projects and will help form the framework on which mapping variables are based on.
This project will further the understanding of regulatory bodies such as the Office of the Director of Labour Market Enforcement, The Gangmaster's Labour Abuse Authority, Independent Anti-Slavery Commissioner, Public Health England, HMRC and Regional Organized Crime Units and offer a critical perspective.
Written by Jack Barratt and Nidhi Sharma
Jack Barratt and Nidhi Sharma are AHRC|MSPEC funded Research Fellows for this project. Prior to this Jack was a Research Assistant at NTU mapping the location of hand car washes and nail bars across the UK. He has an MA from NTU in Criminology. Nidhi Sharma has recently completed a Masters exploring unpaid internships. Jack and Nidhi are both exploring PhD ideas linked to the informal economy and will be sharing information about their experiences via these news pages and our Twitter account.
For further information contact us online via @WIP_research
Browse our news Experts directory Communications team The Conversation - Expert Opinion Awards


text:
WIP writing
Caught 10ish
By Cara Thereon on Tuesday, July 12, 2016
His cock hardened to its full length and settled between her thighs. She slung her leg over his, opening her body to his advances. Her finger continued its caress, pressing and dipping lightly, causing him to thrust forward just a little with each pass. Moving her mouth along his chest and neck, Gazelle memorized his taste and smell. He tasted of spice, salt, and strong man; her body hummed as she breathed in his unique musk.
"You're avoiding the conversation," he moaned as her mouth latched on to his erect nipple. His hips bucked when she bit down on the pebbled flesh, his cock bumping her clit and sending delicious sensations through her. "What are you so afraid to talk about, Gazelle?" The husky sound of his voice made her smile.
"Nothing," she breathed out. "I just want to taste and touch you, Hunter. I just want to be in this moment with you." There was no hiding the tremor in her voice so she swirled her tongue around his nipple, hoping to distract them both from the emotions brimming up inside of her. "Please." Her lips trailed across his chest to capture his other nipple; her fingertip breached the crinkle of his anus and swirled around.
"Gazelle," he gasped, his hands gripping her hip reflexively. Every ounce of her fatigue melted away as she focused her attention on his body, as she loved him with mouth and hands. Gazelle pressed, feeling a perverse satisfaction as the ring of muscle gave way allowing her finger deeper, his tortured groan empowering. She gave his nipple another playful bit before kissing down his to his stomach. The faint trail of hair tickled her lips, the muscles contracting as she teased his skin with her teeth.
When her gaze drew level with his engorged cock, her breath almost left her. The shaft was thick and pulsing, standing tall, pre-cum leaking from the red head. Licking her lips, she leaned forward and engulfed the tip in her mouth. His hips bucked, but he was trapped between her questing finger and hot mouth. She continued the push and swirl between his firm cheeks, her mouth moving further down his cock, swallowing him whole. The satiny texture of his skin as her tongue slid over him intoxicated her, the steely feel of the flesh beneath sent hot arousal shooting between her thighs.
While she'd felt arousal tending to those men during the games, there was nothing better than the taste of Hunter. Servicing him in this way, pleasing him with any part of her body, filled her with excitement. Her pussy throbbed with need, but she wanted to give to him. She felt an undeniable hunger for him that no one else could satisfy, and she found herself bobbing along his rigid flesh desperate for him.
The tension running along his body and his grunts as she continued to bob along his length sent raw power through her. The frantic jerking of his hips told her how close he was to the edge and she wanted to push him over it.
"Stop," he gritted out. "I want to come in my pussy."
He pulled hard at her hair causing her to cry out in painful surprise. She was hauled back up and flipped on her back before she could utter a protest. He slid one finger along her wet slit before lining up the bulbous head of his cock and driving home.
A hard pace was set as he thrust inside of her. His mouth bruised hers, as he possessed her body with a frenzy that stole her breath. He moved his lips away and buried his mouth in her neck, his breath scolding as he rode her. The friction was exquisite, every thrust filling her with a pleasure that wanted to overwhelm her senses. She felt invaded and possessed. Conquered.
"This is my pussy," he said, each word punctuated with an advance that propelled her forward. "Mine to tease, taste, and fill with my cum. Say it."
Gazelle was so lost in her own pleasure, her hips slamming against his to find her release, that she didn't hear his question. Hunter jerked her face around, forcing her to stare into his eyes. A wild look made him seem dark and untamed. His blue eyes were the color of midnight as they held her gaze.
"Whom does this pussy belong to?" His question cut through her sexual haze. "Tell me, Elle."
Her body clenched at the softly spoken command. His frantic pace hadn't abated; he drove deeper, touching her womb with his advances. Her mind was too fuzzy to examine her words before she said them.
"You, Master. Only you."
Hunter stared at her for a long moment before he captured her lips again. This kiss held was full of tenderness that nearly brought her to tears, his lips so soft and seeking on hers. He explored her mouth, his tongue sliding in and out, tasting her. Gazelle couldn't help opening up to him, allowing him to take the lead on the kiss that threatened to rock her world. As it was, she clung to his body.
The rhythm of his thrusts changed. He slowed, the crown touching her g-spot with each slide until she found herself spasming hard around him. Her eyes stayed open, watching the look in his eyes as he reached for his own completion. Hunter's face was the picture of supreme pleasure, the twist of his mouth and the tension of his eyes lovely as she let him find his relief. The beautiful heat of his cum as it flooded her body, as he bathed her with his essence, triggered smaller explosion inside of her.
He lay panting on top of her; his body heavy, but she welcomed the weight of him. Gazelle wanted to hold him inside of her, just like this, for the rest of her life. She opened her mouth to tell him how she felt, but closed it without saying a word. Some stupid part of her wanted to hear the words from him first and she didn't think she would. Her heart gave a painful squeeze as she realized how deeply he'd affected her.
She felt stupid for allowing him to steal her heart after so little time, but came back to the fact that she'd always been in love with him. It was fear and pride that made her run from him the first time. Now that those things were stripped from her, now that the only thing she had left was her feelings, she was naked before him and love had finally revealed itself. Gazelle knew she had to walk away again; that was the only choice she had left.
Sadness threatened to choke her, but she pushed it away. She let her hand smooth down his bronzed back as his breathing evened out. Their bodies remained connected and she savored the feel of him, as he lay soft inside of her. She'd hold him for as long as she could.
They'd managed to sleep until late in the evening. When he'd woken to find himself still buried deep in her body, Hunter couldn't resist taking her again. Urgency existed between them that he couldn't quite put his finger on. Even as Gazelle climaxed beneath him, he could feel the sadness touching her. It sparked something that made him uncomfortable. He wasn't used to being out of control and all of his senses told him that he had no control over Gazelle. He needed to put his plan into action.
He sent her off to shower; reluctance to let her out of his sight even for a moment had him hesitating when she asked him to join her. "I've got a few things to take care of. I'll send up some dinner and come back for you later."
The fact that she'd simply tossed him a sleepy smile before she'd disappeared into the bathroom astonished him. The curve of her back and her full ass swaying stayed in his mind's eye as he went in search of Luke. Hunter had a few guesses as to where the man could be, and after checking the kitchen, he located the darker man in the pool.
Decorated in tones of yellow and blue, the large tiled room with its stylish white loungers tended to be the place that tended to draw people when he held his parties. The lone presence of Luke doing laps in the crystal clear water would've been odd if Hunter didn't know how much Luke valued his personal space. Hunter perched on the edge of a lounger and waited patiently while the man stroked up and own the length of the pool.
He was taking a risk going to his friend for help in this way. Muscles in his jaw clenched as he contemplated what he planned. He wanted Gazelle at his side for longer than a weekend and he knew Luke could help him keep her with him. It required asking Luke to know her on a much more intimate level.
Hunter knew he was being juvenile wanting every part of her to himself, but there those feelings were. She was his, all his, and sharing her, even to keep her, rubbed him wrong. The fact that he had this reaction spoke volumes and he realized denying how he felt seemed ridiculous. He pushed his hands through his hair, the truth plain to him.
Water splashed across his face, jolting him out of his thoughts. Luke stood over him, toweling his hair off, his customary smirk on his face. "You look like you've seen a ghost."
Ignoring his comment, Hunter stood up so they were toe to toe. He looked Luke right in the eye. "I need your help."
"You've got it. Just give me the details and I'll do it." Luke tossed his towel at him and walked over to a glass table where he pulled on a white t-shirt. He ruffled his wet hair, sending more water flying.
"You don't even know what it's about," Hunter called after him, angry with both of them for some unknown reason. He blew out a frustrated breath, his emotions flying out of control.
Luke tossed an exasperated look over his shoulder. "I've known you for a long time, Hunter, I know whatever you're about to ask me has to do with Gazelle."
"I love her, Luke," he blurted out. Looking away, he swallowed down the lump in his throat. "I love her and I don't her to get away like she did the last time."
He turned back to find Luke with his hip propped on the table. If he expected to see surprise, Hunter was disappointed. If anything, Luke's usual smirk was absent, replaced by a look of longing so acute Hunter almost looked away again. "I know you love her. I know you're worried I'm a threat to that."
Hunter pushed a hand through his hair, embarrassed he could be seen so easily. "Luke—"
A simple shrug stopped his words. "I understand, Hunter." Luke pushed away from the table and walked back toward him. "Contrary to what you think, I'd never poach no matter how tempting. Like I said, whatever you need me to do, I'll do it."
Hunter searched his face for a long time before he nodded. Something unknotted inside of his chest and he felt a little bit of hope blossom. "I'll owe you one, man."
The longing gone from his face, Luke gave him a devilish smile. "Oh, I have a feeling I'll enjoy whatever it is you have me doing."
I'll never publish it never ending story someday my prince will come story unedited
January Jump Start writing
#Boobday Work Attire


text:
Treating Psychosis With Typical Antipsychotics
More in Bipolar Disorder
Early Generation Drugs Still Used in First-Line Therapy
Marcia Purse
Marcia Purse is a mental health writer and bipolar disorder advocate who brings strong research skills and personal experiences to her writing.
Updated on August 18, 2019
Purestock / Getty Images
Typical antipsychotics sometimes referred to as first-generation antipsychotics, are a class of psychotropic drug used to treat the symptoms of psychosis. Psychosis is defined as a behavior in which a person loses touch with reality, often manifesting with hallucinations and delusions.
Typical antipsychotics have largely been supplanted in recent years by a newer class of drug known as atypical antipsychotics. Atypical antipsychotics were first introduced in the 1990s and generally have fewer side effects than their predecessors.
However, evidence suggests that atypical antipsychotics are not as unencumbered by side effects as once believed. In fact, they are more likely to cause type 2 diabetes, weight gain, and tardive dyskinesia (a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary, repetitive body movements). By contrast, typical antipsychotics are more likely to cause Parkinson disease-like rigidity and spasticity (sometimes permanent).
Despite the possible side effects, typical antipsychotics still have their place in the first-line treatment of certain mental illnesses as well as in subsequent therapies when other drugs fail.
Conditions Associated With Psychotic Episodes
Psychosis can be caused by psychiatric or physical illnesses that affect the brain and behavior. The mental illnesses most commonly associated with a psychotic episode include:
The physical conditions most commonly associated with psychosis include epilepsy, advanced HIV infection, Parkinson's disease, stroke, brain tumors, aging-related dementia, and methamphetamine abuse.
Approved Typical Antipsychotics
Typical antipsychotics were first developed in the 1950s to treat psychosis. The usage of the drugs has since been expanded to include acute mania, agitation, and other serious mood disorders.
Depending on your symptoms, the doctor may choose to use a low-potency, medium-potency, or high-potency typical antipsychotic. Generally speaking, high-potency antipsychotics are more effective than low-potency ones since the latter require higher doses to achieve the same effect. This is not always the case, of course, and the choice of drug depends as much on its appropriate use as its potency.
In the end, typical antipsychotics are not one-size-fits-all. As such, treatment should always be individualized, although it may take several attempts before you hit upon the right drug combination.
Low-potency typical antipsychotics include:
Serentil (mesoridazine)
Thorazine (chlorpromazine)
Truxal ( chlorprothixene)
Medium-potency typical antipsychotics include:
Loxitane (loxapine)
Moban (molindone)
Navane (thiothixene)
Trilafon (perphenazine)
High-potency typical antipsychotics include:
Clopixal (zuclopenthixol)
Compro (prochlorperazine)
Depixol (flupentixol)
Haldol (haloperidol)
Majeptil (thioproperazine)
Mellaril (thioridazine)
Orap (pimozide)
Prolixin (fluphenazine)
Stelazine (trifluoperazine)
Side Effects of Antipsychotics
Side effects can vary based on the drug or combinations of drug used. Some of the side effects may be mild and short-lasting; others can compound over time and increase the risk of other undesirable effects.
The biggest concern is the risk of extrapyramidal side effects (EPS), the tell-tale side effects that affect body movement and speech. In the past, the term "Thorazine shuffle" was coined because of the impact the drug had on movement and muscle control.
The range of EPS can vary and may include:
Acute dyskinesias (movement disorders characterized by involuntary muscle movements, tics, and diminished voluntary muscle control)
Akasthisia (a feeling of inner restlessness and inability to stay still, often referred to as the "rabbit syndrome")
Akinesia (loss or impairment of voluntary movement)
Dystonic reactions (intermittent and involuntary contractions of the muscles of the face, neck, trunk, pelvis, and extremities)
Parkinsonism (a group of neurological disorders that cause movement problems similar to Parkinson's disease, including tremors, slow movement, and stiffness)
Tardive dyskinesia (often involving involuntary and repetitive facial movements, including sticking out one's tongue, grimacing, or making chewing motions)
Other, less debilitating side effects include upset stomach, weight gain, dry mouth, blurry vision, constipation, vomiting, drowsiness, and orthostatic hypotension (low blood pressure when standing up).
In rare cases, a life-threatening drug reaction, known as neuroleptic malignant syndrome, may occur, causing high fever, muscle rigidity, altered mental state, and dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system (which regulates heart rate, breathing rate, body temperature, digestion, and body sensations).
Overall, EPS will affect three in five typical antipsychotic users to some degree. By contrast, atypical antipsychotics will cause EPS in one in four users.
Similarly, high-potency typical antipsychotics are more likely to cause EPS, orthostatic hypotension, and drowsiness than low-potency one. While low-potency typical antipsychotics generally have fewer EPS symptoms, they are more likely to affect the parasympathetic nervous system, causing abnormally slowed heart rate, low blood pressure, blurry vision, dry mouth, and breathing constriction.
Combination Therapy
When used to treat mental illness, antipsychotics are usually prescribed in combination with other drugs, such as mood stabilizers, antidepressants, and anti-anxiety medications.
Mood stabilizers are used to help alleviate manic or hypomanic episodes. Options include Tegretol (carbamazepine), Depakene (valproic acid), Lithobid (lithium), and Depakote (divalproex sodium).
Antidepressants are used to treat depression and may include any one of six classes of drug: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), and atypical antidepressants.
Anti-anxiety medications, also known as benzodiazepines, can help with sleep and anxiety problems but are generally prescribed for a short period of time. Options include Klonopin (clonazepam), Valium (diazepam), Ativan (lorazepam), and Xanax (alprazolam).
In addition, the first two-in-one pill called Symbyax (fluoxetine/olanzapine), which combined a typical antipsychotic with an SSRI antidepressant, was approved in 2006 to treat depression caused by bipolar disorder.
Dealing with racing thoughts? Always feeling tired? Our guide offers strategies to help you or your loved one live better with bipolar disorder. Sign up for our newsletter and get it free.
Divac, N.; Prostan, M.; Jakovcevski, I. Second-Generation Antipsychotics and Extrapyramidal Adverse Effects. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:656370. DOI: 10.1155/2014/656370.
Zhang, J.: Gallego, J.; Robinson, D. et al. Efficacy and Safety of Individual Second-Generation vs. First-Generation Antipsychotics in First-Episode Psychosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Neuropsychopharm. 2013;16(6):1205-18: DOI: 10.1017/S146114571200127.
Cunningham Owens, D. (2014) A Guide to the Extrapyramidal Side-Effects of Antipsychotic Drugs (Second Edition). Cambridge (GB): Cambridge University Press. ISBN-10: 110702286X.
Kasper, D.; Fauci, A.; Hauser, S. et al. (2011) Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine (18th Edition). New York: McGraw Hill Education, 2015. ISBN-10: 007174889X.
Common and Rare Risperdal Side Effects
How Doctors Choose Between an Atypical and Typical Antipsychotic
How Psychosis Can Be Treated With Antipsychotics
Treatment for Extrapyramidal Side Effects of Antipsychotic Medications
Urgent Side Effects to Look Out for If You're Taking Haldol
How to Know If Facial Tics Are a Sign of Tardive Dyskinesia
Common and Serious Side Effects of Trilafon (Perphenazine)
Diagnosing a Mixed Episode in Bipolar Disorder
Will I Gain Weight If I Take Zyprexa for My Bipolar Disorder?
Should You Take Geodon for Bipolar Disorder?
Side Effects of Thorazine for Bipolar Disorder
Delusions and Hallucinations in Bipolar Psychosis
How Mood Stabilizers Are a Cornerstone of Bipolar Treatment
Understanding Your Bipolar Treatment Plan
How Delusions Can Be a Symptom of Psychosis in Bipolar Disorder
Antipsychotics Black Box Warning for Elderly With Dementia


Joshi (left) is stepping down, while Bradley (right) will take over combined PC and printing business unit.
The rumour mill kicked into high gear Tuesday afternoon, and by Wednesday morning, it was confirmed – HP will once again combine its Personal Systems Group and Imaging and Printing Group into a single entity.
The computing giant announced Wednesday morning that it will combine the two businesses under the Printing and Personal Systems Group banner, and under PSG chief Todd Bradley. The company said that IPG chief Vyomesh Joshi is retiring.
In a statement announcing the changes, the company said the realignment will "rationalize HP's go-to-market strategy, branding, supply chain and customer support worldwide," and will result in cost savings.
This isn't the first time HP's gone this route, of course. Former CEO Carly Fiorina made the same move in 2005, although that time it was Joshi who was tasked with managing the combined business. That experiment lasted all of half a year, with the decision to combine the businesses being reversed by new CEO Mark Hurd, who brought in Bradley to head up PSG.
On the positive side, if done right, the deal could reduce overhead for both divisions, and create a more tightly integrated story and message between its PC and printing businesses. That could be particularly powerful in the consumer field, driving up attach rates between PC and printer sales.
But there are some caveats. While the deal may strengthen the transactional side of the printing business, HP executives have been touting the message to make print contractual and not transactional. Will the combined business unit be able to continue to turn up the volume on the managed print business? That will definitely be something to keep an eye on as the groups come together.
The relatively radical move also seems to fly in the face of Whitman's "steady hand on the tiller" message.
There are also a number of unanswered questions posed for the company's channel partners, and its subsidiary businesses worldwide. In Canada, for example, the company has business leaders (Leyland Brown and Lloyd Bryant) and channel leaders (John Cammalleri and Patrick Harrison) for PSG and IPG, respectively. Will that structure continue in subsidiaries, or will the printing business in Canada also be rolled up into PSG?
Changes are inevitable in business. Still, it's more than a little sad to see the executive most responsible for making IPG into a money-making machine for HP for most of a decade – and the company's last strong personal connections to founders Hewlett and Packard – leave at a time when the printing business is less profitable than it was in years gone by.


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A bead using a D rating will quite possibly have some noticeable flaws with it. That include scratches or blemishes, or off colour. Just make sure of what you wish to order…..
Infections kill very good tissues and leaves lifeless necrotic tissue at the rear of. Bacterial infections can pass on pretty rapid from gentle tissue to bone and joints and also into the blood provide. Infections may be lifestyle threatening…..


text:
Headers footers columns and templates
From Web Education Community Group
2 The stylist's critical process steps
2.1 Gathering objectives
2.2 Content classification
2.3 Collaborative sketching and composite creation
2.4 Establishment of inter- and intra-document structure
3 Requirements, classification, and element nesting in more detail
3.1 Defining business objectives
3.2 Defining and meeting visitor objectives
3.3.1 Source order: accessibility and other considerations
3.4 Container element, class, and id assignment
4 Single column layout implementation
4.1 Centering the layout
4.2 Is a document-wide container strictly necessary?
5 Double column layout implementation
5.1 Composition issues vis-a-vis single and double column layouts
5.1.1 Placing #sidebar to the left in spite of its source order
5.1.2 Faux columns: using a background image to even up column lengths when the length of their content differs
5.1.3 Moving the primary navigation into the second column while preserving source order
6 Triple column layout implementation
6.1 The biggest pitfall of three-column designs, and its easy solution
7 Taking in a broad view of headers and footers
7.1 Personal site: Cindy Li
7.1.1 Identity
7.1.2 Contrast
7.2 Social networking: Facebook
7.3 Enterprise marketing and customer service: BNSF Railway
7.3.1 Identity revisited
7.4 Header and footer design: the low level details
7.4.1 More about implementing navigation layout
8 Sites with varying numbers of columns: cheating with classes and display
10 Exercise questions
11 Bibliography
To this point, the articles in the Web Standards Curriculum have focused on single topics, ranging from soft concepts like typography and colour, to hard technical instruction on subsets of CSS 2.1. This article takes on broader focus; its purpose is to show the reader how to take the material covered so far, and use it to build a complete site template.
The principal assumption of this material is that you are already familiar with the CSS float, display, and position properties.
Self directed learners who want to leap straight into the meat of the CSS are reluctantly invited to skip to section IV of this article, "Single column layout implementation" — but should note that in doing so, they will neglect discussion of how successful project planning leads to the layout and implementation of a Web site.
Those same impatient souls who disregard the caveats given in the preceding paragraph will also want to download the single, double, and triple column templates that are provided with this article, and will be linked to again at its conclusion.
Note: you can download all of the sample code in one convenient package, to experiment with it on your local machine.
A properly built site typically results from a deliberate, mostly serial process, even if the site is built by one or two people rather than an entire team of specialists. A fairly elaborate rendition of such a process is outlined in Figure 1, and of the ten steps described there, this article focuses on four in particular:
Gathering of requirements based upon business objectives and the consequent visitor objectives
Content classification
Collaborative sketching and composite creation
Establish the structure of the documents to be used on the site
Once those four steps are completed, the stylist possesses most of the information he needs to build the site layouts, which will typically have one, two, or three columns. Regardless of the general form of the layout, there will be differences from one section of a site to the next, which will in turn influence how certain elements and style selectors are made part of the overall site design.
Even after the design and structural choices have been made, there remains the question of how production will be handled if the site is to be built atop a Content Management System (CMS) such as Wordpress or Drupal.
This article underscores the importance of the four steps mentioned above; provides a simple framework for content classification; and describes how to lay out a site with complete headers, footers, and columns.
The stylist's critical process steps
The following two sections are provided as embellishment to other articles in this curriculum, with an an emphasis on planning and process rather than implementation. Their central message is "look before you leap" — in other words, form a clear understanding of what you are going to implement before you start on markup, stylesheets and code!
Figure 1: Ten common steps of the sitebuilding process. Those that are especially relevant to this article are presented in inverse.
Gathering objectives
Good CSS relies on a chain of dependencies:
CSS relies on structure to work;
Structure is informed by content;
Content needs scope;
Content scope is ultimately defined by likely visitor objectives; and
In their turn, visitor objectives travel hand in hand with business objectives.
The point to this chain of requirements is that the needs of your visitors will point directly to the structure you need to create for your site, and thereby drive the selectors and techniques applied in your styles.
When the requirements gathering process is handled poorly, stylists can expect to face challenges that might include:
Missing assets
Lack of guidance as to the relationship between layout behavior and window geometry
No definition of platform support tiers
Frequent change requests, as requirements are cobbled together during the implementation process
Lack of current tools
Once you've determined the scope of your site content, you need to define its importance to the site as a whole, and decide what navigation aids you will provide for visitors to find it.
There is also the question of what to do with matter such as advertising, link lists, galleries, and comments.
Once classified, content can then be associated with the site's navigation and given weight. Content weighting will be discussed here in a primary/secondary/tertiary context, since a content block's importance should be reflected by its position in a document's source order.
If you are working on a project where graphic design and style implementation are roles assigned to different people — which is often the case in commercial projects — the graphic designer should rely on sitemap diagrams and wireframes (if available) to start creating the look and feel of the site. It can be valuable to start out with simple sketches, as a way of defining things like the site's general motif, its consistent features, and the details that might complicate the markup or the class and id assignment.
With sketches agreed upon, the graphic designer can then move onto the finished composites, which should be similar to screen captures that might be generated in the development browser after the site is put into production.
Henceforth in this article graphic design will be getting short shrift, as it has already been discussed in the curriculum articles about wireframes and composites/mockups.
Establishment of inter- and intra-document structure
With the composites in hand, the stylist can start writing the markup and CSS. The first step of doing that work is to decide upon the content order, element nesting, classes, and ids that will be used on the production site — work that can only be done at its best if the stylist has a complete understanding of the content to be served on the site, and the manner in which it is to be laid out.
Requirements, classification, and element nesting in more detail
If one follows modern best practices and adopts the User Centered Design (UCD) paradigm for driving design and development decisions, then visitor objectives inform every step of the design process.
However, the objectives of the site's sponsor (or publisher) actually take precedence from a design team's perspective, because without knowledge of those goals, the design team has no way to anticipate visitor goals.
Defining business objectives
The "business" objectives of the site will fall under one or more of the following general definitions:
Directly generate revenue (e-commerce)
Provide publishing, messaging, and/or storage services via a Web interface (eg, Blogger, Flickr, Scribd, YouSendIt, Basecamp)
Market a product or service
Provide information
Entertain the visitor
Once the general objectives have been established, there will be further refinement based upon any of a number of factors, like demographics, conversion goals, and design constraints imposed by the project's budget or the nature of the content itself (as might be the case with something like Flash video).
Experience is by far the best teacher when it comes to guiding this part of the requirements gathering process.
Defining and meeting visitor objectives
With business objectives established — "this is what we want our visitors to see and do" — the next step is to attract and lead visitors to those destinations and types of functionality that best suit them.
The principal assumption of this part of the design process is "visitors hate obstacles." The best ways to meet that assumption are:
Define and design navigation that best suits the most likely visitor wayfinding strategies. These strategies can include fulltext search, traditional taxonomically-driven lists of links, or "tagging" (whether moderated or user-defined). Note that a site can cater to more than one wayfinding strategy.
Always provide cues to indicate a visitor's position within the site as a whole. Common means of doing so include "breadcrumb trails," links to related content, and visual cues such as context-dependent navigation link design.
Enforce visual and writing style as rigidly as you can, without hewing to a foolish consistency. This practice is closely tied to the need to give the visitor consistent cues about location; the difference is that where colour and navigation layout offer a user their bearings within an entire site, consistent presentation across pages is essential to providing bearings within a single page.
Always indicate in plain language the consequences of following a link or making a form submission. Sometimes this is as simple as labelling a submit button with the word "Search" but sometimes you might need to provide a note to give site visitors more instruction.
Provide a clear distinction between design elements that will respond to user interaction, and everything else. Styles that make links barely distinguishable from normal copy, inconsistent button design, and atypical cursor styles are all common, and all confusing. High contrast colours, thoughtful use of padding (to enlarge the footprints of interactive design elements), and informative titles are typically more effective.
Minimize the amount of user interaction (especially the number of link or button clicks) required to achieve a common goal, such as a purchase, or serving of popular resources. In practice, this usually requires roleplaying and analysis of visitor choices. Unless and until those tasks can be completed, the shortcut to following this guidance is to obey the spirit of the KISS (Keep it simple, stupid) Principle.
When it comes to markup and stylesheets, there are a few simple techniques to follow that make these rules easy to follow:
When drawing up your stylesheet, assign as many properties as possible in rules with simple element selectors. ids by definition are unique, and to be useful classes are best reserved for uncommon cases (or presentation requirements that cannot be properly supported in legacy browsers without them). However, by moderating their use attentive stylists become alert to instances where the graphic designer is insisting upon potentially expensive levels of detail in their designs.
Assign an id to the body of every page. If individual documents (and not just sections of a site) are assigned stylesheet tokens, unique presentation cases become much easier to handle. Another benefit of putting an id on the body of each page is that when used in tandem with similarly weighted navigation elements, the stylist can then provide visual cues in the primary navigation for things like the currently viewed section or site, without needing to resort to verbose server-side logic.
Avoid designs that place high demands on a visitor's fine motor control. A harsher way to describe this guidance is "avoid flying menus like those created by use of Suckerfish techniques (see here for a different set of Suckerfish techniques), also known as drop down menus. There are clear use cases for such designs, and they all involve large sites that rely on one- and two-column layouts, but they are often avoidable. On the other hand, inexperienced and motor-control-impaired users often find drop down menus problematic:
In order to be effective such elements often require the links they contain to be smaller than the default size for bodycopy type — a counterintuitive visual cue that makes the menu items seem less like links than other surrounding page elements.
The extent of fine motor control required to use these elements easily frustrates inexperienced, casual, and impaired visitors.
The range of possible destinations available within a given section of the site is hidden until the visitor interacts with such elements; this limits their ability to maintain a sense of location within the site until they've gained experience with using it.
Once you've worked out the scope of the content to be served on the site, you can give it an architecture. A site's architecture can be worked out in various ways (see an earlier article for some examples).
Generally, you'll be able to assign priority to your content that will inform likely layouts:
Primary content is the matter around which individual destination documents are built, such as articles, photo albums, or datasets.
Secondary content includes human-readable metadata attached to the primary content, and sidebar content (e.g. expository copy; review excerpts; links to related articles on the site; lists of charts, maps, or tables).
Tertiary content encompasses outgoing links to related material (such as a blogroll), persistent snapshots of content from other sources such as social networking sites or comment feeds, and advertising.
In addition to content, your layout will almost certainly include two other sections:
The header will include the site title (which often links to the topmost page on the site), the primary navigation, links to user account metadata (in an application), and finally the main content search form (if deployed).
The footer contains the copyright statement, at bare minimum. Links to documents composed of metadata (such as RSS feeds, sitemaps, and site meta-content part from contact info) also find their way into a site's secondary navigation, which is typically made part of the footer.
A site's primary navigation and title are nearly always part of (or flush to) its header in a visual context; it is left up to each implementer to decide if they should be made part of the site's header at the markup level.
Source order: accessibility and other considerations
An early step of designing site templates is to decide upon the source order of its content, which should be consistent across the site as a whole.
Document source order that reads properly without the benefit of stylesheets is essential for reasons of accessibility and cross-media support. In the case of the former, vision-impaired users can use what are called screen readers: software suites that read content aloud to the visitor, content which makes little or no sense if it's ordered willy-nilly for the sake of presentation.
And just as source arranged in the optimal order for screen display probably wants for clarity when read aloud, it might prove impossible to style in other media such as print or mobile displays. In that event the outcome is usually duplicate content, which offers a number of drawbacks:
At minimum, additional View layer logic must be implemented to account for the fact that output from a single database record can be served in more than one fashion.
In a worse case, content is duplicated not only in the visitor-facing environment, but also in the database or host filesystem. The result will be doubling of some upkeep requirements.
Thus, it's most common to arrange the outermost sections in the following order:
Title [preferably links back to top/home/landing page]
Primary content
Body copy
Tertiary content
Additional bits (eg, copyright notice)
The manner in which these sections are nested will depend upon any number of variable requirements, the most common of which is the number of static columns in the site layout.
Container element, class, and id assignment
Putting aside questions of taxonomy, we can assume that any given site will cover a range of related subjects within an understood scope — be it the operations and products of a company, specific types of events, or specific kinds of entertainment, to name a few examples that can usually be counted upon to arouse appeal in non-technical audiences.
Therefore, the stylist will likely find themselves associating stylesheet tokens with both structural elements of the site contents — eg navigation bits, header, bodycopy — and ranges of content, whether narrow or broad.
Practices vary, but the author usually assigns the following layout tokens to his templates, tokens that will see use in this article:
#main content canvas h1 (unique) site title ul#nav site navigation #breadcrumb breadcrumb trail (if used) #bodyCopy main article #bodyCopy>h2 (unique) primary document title #sidebar secondary content #footer footer ul#secondaryNav secondary navigation
In addition to — and more importantly — than these, an id is added to the body of each page (as mentioned above) that gives some indication of the scope of the primary content associated with the whole document. Some projects also generate a requirement for the assignment of classes to body elements, as well.
Single column layout implementation
Figure 1: The elements of a single column layout; the markup will likely be nested as shown here.
Figure 1 shows that #main is immediately within body, and in turn contains all of #header, #bodyCopy, and #footer.
Centering the layout
Centering the content canvas is a matter of inserting (in this case) #main { width: 960px; margin: auto; } into your stylesheet. (The width value chosen is arbitary.)
Is a document-wide container strictly necessary?
In a site that relies entirely upon single column layouts, it is not an absolute requirement to include #main; one could as easily apply the same layout property/value pairs used above to #header, #bodyCopy, and #footer in combination. However, there's nothing semantically wrong with including #main, and its inclusion offers the stylist more flexibility with respect to things like rules, gutters, background images, and building the prominence of certain elements into the structure of the template.
Double column layout implementation
Figure 2: The elements of a double column layout; the markup will likely be nested as shown here, with the understanding that #sidebar will actually follow #bodyCopy in the source order.
The difference between single and double column layouts lies in the addition of a second container element for the secondary content (#sidebar, which actually follows #bodyCopy in the source order), and some changes to the stylesheet likely to be used for a single column layout.
Composition issues vis-a-vis single and double column layouts
The changes to the markup needed to convert a single column template into a double column template are straightforward, but in many circumstances the new style rules needed are not.
Placing #sidebar to the left in spite of its source order
There are two procedures for doing this; one will work regardless of the length of either column, while the other requires #bodyCopy to be longer than #sidebar.
The first and most common approach is to use float:
Assign a width value to #bodyCopy.
Add to that rule a float value of right.
Assign an appropriate width to #sidebar.
Assign margin and padding values as needed to #bodyCopy and/or #footer by way of ensuring that the desired gutter exists between the two elements.
Assign clear: both; to #footer.
Both columns have width values specified so that both will have consistent margins.
In the case where #sidebar instead lies at the right margin of the layout, the steps already described should still be followed, except that the float value of #bodyCopy should instead be set to left. The width value assigned to #sidebar should be replaced with an appropriate margin-left value.
It is also possible to assign a large margin-left or margin-right value (as needed) to the un-floated element, in lieu of width.
A second approach less likely to trigger bugs in Internet Explorer 6 is to assign a large margin-left or margin-right value to #bodyCopy as appropriate, and absolutely position #sidebar. However, this approach is less flexible, since cases in which #sidebar is longer than #bodyCopy will cause the former element to bleed into #footer.
Faux columns: using a background image to even up column lengths when the length of their content differs
Closer examination of column implementations using the float property reveals that when differing background colours or vertical rules between columns are desired, they cannot be counted upon to run down the length of the main content area when applied with background-color or border properties.
The easiest solution to this problem is to create and specify a background image (usually one pixel in height) on one of the columns' ancestor elements which — because of its assignment to that ancestor element — will always repeat from the top to the bottom of the tallest related column. Thus:
#main {
background-image: url(images/bg_2column.gif);
background-repeat: repeat-y;
If bg_2column.gif is composed of two bands of highly contrasted colours that correspond more or less precisely to the widths assigned to your content columns, the result will be two columns that appear to have the same height… but actually don't, as would be discovered if one then goes on to insert the following rules:
#bodyCopy {
background-color: #ccc;
Taking this step does not necessarily remove the need to apply color or background-color properties to a given column; if the default text colour is unreadable against one or both columns, their background and foreground colours should be explicitly specified in the stylesheet as a fail-safe against the possibility of the browser failing to load background images.
Moving the primary navigation into the second column while preserving source order
Once a second column has been added to the layout, it will probably seem natural to place the primary site navigation at the top of that column… but how does one do so when that navigation rests in a different part of the template structure?
The answer to that question lies in positioning:
If overflow: hidden; is assigned to #header, Make #nav a direct descendant of #main. In almost all cases, it will be possible to do this without mangling the desired source order.
Assign position: relative; to the immediate ancestor of #nav, and position: absolute; to #nav itself.
Since the absolute position of #nav will place it at the top left corner of its ancestor by default, adjust the left and top values of #nav as desired under the circumstances.
Adjust the margin-top or padding-top value of #sidebar (as appropriate) to reflect the expected height of #nav. In cases where the height of #nav changes from one page or section to the next, it will be necessary to write multiple rules, perhaps with multiple selectors in each — thus the advice supplied above to assign a content-scope-referent id (and perhaps a class also) to the body of each document on the site.
Triple column layout implementation
Figure 3: The elements of a triple column layout; note the two new container elements and the differing id assignment.
The principal markup differences imposed by the addition of a third column are:
A container encloses two adjacent columns, usually the first and second; and
The third column is placed within its own container.
Once the markup has been laid down, getting the desired layout is a question of ordering float values properly. Don't forget that the non-floated containers require margin adjustment to line up properly.
Note that with respect to Figure 3, the dual column and tertiary container elements are best assigned ids that offer some clue of context, rather than the generic ids suggested in the diagram itself.
Float assignment to each column in a three column layout.
Desired presentation
Container contents
1+2 left right none none
2+3 left none left none
1+2 right left none none
1+2 left left none none
2+3 right none right none
Table 1: float values of the four container elements of a three column layout according to order of appearance from left to right.
The biggest pitfall of three-column designs, and its easy solution
The most flexible three column layout introduces a container element that's semantically meaningless; the alternative is to enforce conventions of content length or source order that will create an onerous burden, placed either upon maintainers (in the case of content length requirements), or upon visitors (in the case of source order limitations).
The introduction of that "meaningless" container can also pose problems when it comes time to redesign a site. Consider the following scenario:
A site when first designed is laid out with its columns in a 2–3–1 order of presentation, but is later redesigned with its columns in a more traditional 2–1–3 order. The dual-column container element will need to be moved so that it encompasses different column containers. What then?
In such a case, the outcome is easy to achieve; if the site is truly template-driven, then there are (probably) few files to change. If — on the other hand — all of the documents on the site simply uses the same markup framework, search-and-replace must be used. However, this won't be difficult.
The overall markup arrangement of containers will take one of the two following forms:
<div id="#container"><div id="primary">…</div><div id="secondary">…</div></div><div id="tertiary">…</div>
<div id="primary">…</div><div id="#container"><div id="secondary">…</div><div id="tertiary">…</div></div>
In those two examples, the bits relevant to search-and-replace have been displayed in boldface. Since those ids will be unique in your document, and since the location of the double closing tags can be predicted (either adjacent to a third closing tag, or to #tertiary), writing a search-and-replace operation to alter them is a relatively light challenge.
Taking in a broad view of headers and footers
Up to this point there's been discussion of the matter that ought to go into headers and footers — logo/logotype, sitewide search, links to user account information, site metadata — but header/footer effectiveness and attractiveness has been little discussed outside the Curriculum articles about wireframes and composites/mockups.
Since it's poor to immerse the reader in pontification, a better idea might be to take three sites that are notable — either for their popularity, or for the prominence of their publishers — and take a look at their various particulars of design.
Personal site: Cindy Li
Figure 4: There are two matters of note especially worthy of discussion here: identity and contrast.
"Identity" is a term that takes on special meaning in the realms of advertising and marketing, where it refers to trademarks and other design elements that are particular to the presentation of a commercial enterprise and its products. Cindy Li's site enforces this at a personal level by featuring a caricature of her facial profile into the site header, and a distinctive typeface to set her site title and primary navigation.
The manner in which identity is enforced on enterprise sites will be discussed in more detail below,
On cindyli.com, it's obvious to the visitor at first glance what things are: the identity, content canvas, and primary content are all placed within footprints made discrete through their background colours. In addition, the site title and navigation are given high contrast against their background.
Now for the site footer:
Figure 5: Cindy Li's footer is somewhat sparse: there are a copyright statement, a link to the marketing site for the publishing platform she uses (which is probably required under the terms of its use license), and a link to a syndication feed of the articles she publishes.
Unlike the other sites presented in this article, Cindy's site doesn't offer fulltext search, probably for technical reasons. However, since the site is a blog, its design allows the assumption that most readers confine their interest to new content.
Social networking: Facebook
Figure 6: Facebook, like many social networking destinations, enforces its identity through its use of layout and colour, since the application itself is the destination.
Like many commercial sites, Facebook offers both fulltext search and a categorized approach to site navigation.
Figure 7: Like its header, Facebook's footer is also small, even once the persistent application widget at the very bottom is taken into account. The one thing of interest seen here is next to the copyright statement: a widget for changing the user's default language.
Another common practice exemplified by the Facebook footer is that while links of use to user wayfinding go into the header, the footer contains all of the links about the site operator, and the site itself.
Enterprise marketing and customer service: BNSF Railway
Figure 8: Like most "enterprise" sites, the highest contrast of the header features is enjoyed by the site publisher's logo… and the only hue present is the same as that used in the logo.
Identity revisited
With respect to distinct logos, logotypes, and other design tropes that enforce commercial identity, consider the following, which are all ubiquitous marks of enterprises that do business with Opera Software:
Samsung Group and Samsung Electronics
Beyond these four, other similar examples of graphic design are well known: the Nike Swoosh (the name of which is actually registered with the authorities), the AT&T "Death Star" logo, the FedEx logotype (and the arrow in the whitespace enclosed by its last two letters), and "UPS Brown" are all examples of corporate identity that are almost universally known to the general public (at least in the USA).
Any site operator who takes the trouble to develop a distinctive visual identity is well served to integrate that identity into the design of their site, an action which has a strong impact on the nature of the stylist's work.
As for other elements in the BNSF site header apart from the logo, the most notable is the use of two wayfinding modes (as is the case at Facebook).
Figure 9: The BNSF site has the most "traditional" footer layout of these three sites, in that little effort is made to place the secondary navigation within a distinct visual plane with horizontal rules or a differing background colour.
Header and footer design: the low level details
In taking a broader view of header and footer design, the following commonalities become clear:
Enterprise and application destinations tend to lay out their primary navigation in a row along the top margin of the browser canvas. This fact distinguishes them from news and e-commerce sites, which often use a more columnar approach to navigation layout.
Just as horizontally oriented primary navigation is common, so is the use of discrete secondary navigation in the footer. Furthermore, the destination-versus-site-metainfo division described early in this article is pretty commonly enforced.
Where fulltext search is present, its input fields tend to be placed near the right margin of the header. This is due in no small part to the fact that well-implemented fulltext search is just as valid a way to navigate through a site as are traditional, taxonomically-driven navigation links — and likely to be abused by a subset of your site's visitor population, likely to be among the least technically-inclined of your users.
More about implementing navigation layout
Before there's any dive into details, the reader should first consult the [1], an application hosted at Accessify.com that creates navigation elements with simple styling, ready for insertion into any page layout.
Beyond the matter of tools that do the work for you, there are two basic approaches to navigation layout:
The navigation is made integral to the site header (visually if not literally) and oriented horizontally. In this case, the display value of the individual links will likely be changed to block, and their containing list items will be assigned a float value of left.
The navigation is oriented vertically and placed to the left of the primary content, either in its own column or just above non-primary content. In this case, you're most likely to see some kind of non-static positioning put to use.
Sites with varying numbers of columns: cheating with classes and display
Some sites might well have pages with one or two columns, others two or three; flexibility is one of the strengths of CSS, and one of the hobbyhorses that graphic designers unwittingly ride in their lustful quest for ironfisted control over the user experience.
Normally, such cases are handled in part with includes: site scripting that allows persistent bits to be added to a page programmatically, rather than being repeatedly copied.
However, even with includes stylists still encounter differences in layout; how best to handle these?
The most straightforward approach is to attach a class to the body of any page that might need it. These might take on an ordinal nature that corresponds to some series of layouts suggested in identity guidelines, or relate back to content and result in multiple-selector rules like the following:
.about #bodyCopy,
.contact #bodyCopy,
.privacy #bodyCopy {
float: none; width: auto;
.about #sidebar,
.contact #sidebar,
.privacy #sidebar {
The one drawback to taking this approach without the benefit of include statements (a poor man's way of making content disappear or reappear, if you will) is that search engine operator policies might well reduce the weight of those pages in results — or in the case of spectacularly clumsy implementations, delist sites that use them, altogether. For this reason (among too many others to count), any hosting arrangement you obtain should support some sort of include functionality.
While it's tempting — particularly if you're still a beginner — to just sit right down and get to writing markup and code, such a process does not lend itself to especially attractive, useful, or maintainable sites.
However, by taking into careful consideration the content that will go onto a site and the manner in which it ought to be arranged, you can pour any site into the framework that derives from its requirements.
Basic templates:
triple column
Exercise questions
Given a list of possible links provided by your instructor, divide those into primary (header) and secondary (footer) links. Justify your assignments by relying on examples provided in this article.
Take a composite created by a classmate and identify:
the number of columns to be employed in the design;
the widths of those columns; and
the float/width/margin
the float/width/margin scheme, if any, that should be used to implement the presentation of those columns.
Given a logotype, a list of requirements, and an architecture, design a site header.
If you cannot prove the use of the Golden Section in the composition of the header designed in the previous exercise, alter its composition appropriately and subjectively evaluate the attractiveness of the result.
Relying solely on search engine results, obtain the reason why lists are preferable to collections of divs (or other elements) for structuring navigation elements. Reference the characteristics of screen reader software in your answer.
From memory, revise one of the provided template files so that it supports a different number of columns. Also alter significantly the composition of the primary navigation, in comparison to what was found in the original template file.
BNSF Railroad. 2006. (last accessed 13 January 2009).
Facebook. 2008. (last accessed 13 January 2009).
Henick, Ben. 2006. Avoid edge cases by designing up front. A List Apart. (last accessed 13 January 2009).
Li, Cindy. 2008. The Adventures of Cindy Li. (last accessed 13 January 2009).
Morville, Peter, and Rosenfeld, Louis. 2006. Information architecture for the world wide web, 3rd edition. Cambridge, Mass.: O'Reilly Media.
Note: This material was originally published as part of the Opera Web Standards Curriculum, available as 38: Headers, footers, columns, and templates, written by Tommy Olsson. Like the original, it is published under the Creative Commons Attribution, Non Commercial - Share Alike 2.5 license.
Retrieved from "https://www.w3.org/community/webed/wiki/index.php?title=Headers_footers_columns_and_templates&oldid=417"
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News Archive - Dec 21,2015
By Scott LaFee on December 21, 2015
Protein-Protein Interaction Activates and Fuels Leukemia Cell Growth
Building upon previous research, scientists at University of California, San Diego School of Medicine and UC San Diego Moores Cancer report that a protein called Wnt5a acts on a pair of tumor-surface proteins, called ROR1 and ROR2, to accelerate the proliferation and spread of chronic lymphocytic leukemia…
By Inga Kiderra on December 21, 2015
Confidence Counts: Accuracy of Eyewitness IDs Increases With Degree of Certainty
When it comes to accurately identifying a criminal suspect, it makes a difference how sure an eyewitness is, finds a study led by a memory expert at the University of California, San Diego. The American justice system should take note of eyewitness confidence, but only at the time of the initial identification…
Research Society & Politics Alumni Faculty Leadership Staff Students Social Sciences
By Cynthia Dillon on December 21, 2015
UC San Diego Launches Institute of Arts and Humanities
The University of California, San Diego Division of Arts and Humanities is growing to better address important global issues. One of its new enterprises is the Institute of Arts and Humanities (IAH), a centripetal hub established to unify several existing programs that have been operating independently…
Arts & Culture Campus & Community Alumni Faculty Leadership Staff Students Arts and Humanities General Announcements
By Dolores Davies on December 21, 2015
Beyster Family Donates Papers of SAIC Founder J.R. Beyster to UC San Diego Library
Papers of the late J. Robert "Bob" Beyster, founder of Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC), and a business innovator who developed a successful blueprint for entrepreneurial, employee-empowered companies, are being donated to the UC San Diego Library by the Beyster family
Business & Economics Campus & Community Philanthropy Research Library General Announcements
By David Wang on December 21, 2015
Kolibri Crowdfunding Campaign Flies Past Goal, Reaching 203 Percent
Learning Equality, a non-profit organization based at the University of California, San Diego Qualcomm Institute, has successfully funded a crowdsourcing campaign to launch Kolibri, an offline education application that aims to enable universal education in areas of the world without Internet access.
Campus & Community Philanthropy Science & Engineering Society & Politics Qualcomm Institute / Calit2 International Affairs General Announcements


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Sir Digby Jones, Director-General of Britain's largest employers' organisation, the CBI, will be spending 24 March 2006 working in the post room rather than the rather more comfortable surroundings of the boardroom.
But his move downstairs is all in a good cause. His staff are sponsoring him to roll up his sleeves to sort through their letters and packages in aid of Marie Curie Cancer Care's brand new initiative, Back to the Shop Floor.
And Sir Digby is encouraging other British managers to get behind Back to the Shop Floor to support the vital work of Marie Curie Nurses, who last year nursed more than 18, 000 people with cancer in their own homes.
If you are interested in taking part in the Back to the Shop Floor initiative – or want to putt your boss forward to get involved this March, please visit www.mariecurie.org.uk/backtoshopfloor or call 0800 716 146.


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Faith + Works Speaker Fidalis Buehler Finds Meaning, Inspiration in His Past
Home » Faith + Works Speaker Fidalis Buehler Finds Meaning, Inspiration in His Past
In College of Fine Arts and Communications, Department of Art, Lectures
Faith + Works Speaker Fidalis Buehler Finds Meaning, Inspiration in His Past2020-01-042020-01-04/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/cfac-logo-dark.svgBYU College of Fine Arts and Communicationshttps://cfac.byu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/web_2019benjaminwilliams_fw-lecture_fidalis-buehler-6_edit.jpg200px200px
Buehler encouraged students to explore and embrace their personal histories
For art professor Fidalis Buehler, the experiences and interactions of his childhood are more than memories — they are a permanent and deeply influential part of his identity.
Fidalis Buehler shares stories and lessons learned from his past, inviting students in the to explore their own personal histories. (Ben Williams)
In his Dec. 5 Faith + Works lecture, Buehler shared stories and lessons learned from his past, inviting students in the College of Fine Arts and Communications to explore their own personal histories — an undertaking which can at times, he acknowledged, be difficult or even frightening.
"I was always afraid of experiencing my culture when I was growing up," said Buehler. "You have to learn to accept the side of you that's just you and embrace that. When we go home at night, we put on a different hat, but why can't the person who dances in front of a mirror also dance in public? What is that fear? Why am I afraid to let that fear get confronted?"
Part of Buehler's initial hesitancy to explore and accept his own identity stemmed from a feeling of being stranded between two seemingly conflicting worlds, particularly in the liminal space between his Euro-American and Pacific Island heritage and between his Catholic upbringing and his baptism into the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in 1999.
"With one foot in Christianity and the other in my Pacific Island upbringing, it was no wonder that life would be peculiar," said Buehler. "The decision to be baptized marked the turning point in my life as I tried to make sense of my new faith. I had the false idea that my entire life up until that point needed to be suppressed or forgotten, and this became my way of life for the next five years. But it came back — it came back in the words of my mom, in the words of my brothers, in the words of people that I served my mission with. It was clear that I needed to look back at my past."
Once he began "mining memories" and recognizing the wide range of influences in his life, Buehler's past became inseparable from his career as an artist. During his lecture, he shared pieces from his body of work and the stories that inspired them — from his brother playing football to his mother frantically working to counter what she believed to be black magic.
Buehler shares pieces from his body of work and the stories that inspired them. (Ben Williams)
Today, Buehler continues to preserve his past and heritage as he works to connect his children to the stories of their ancestors and build up their personal banks of memories through family traditions and collaborative art projects.
"My children get involved in making my work; they make marks that maybe I wouldn't make, so a reinvention happens through them," said Buehler. "When I make art, I oftentimes think of those who are with us and ways to make a more collaborative experience."
While Buehler tries to stay present and aware of the unique perspectives and abilities of the people around him, he also often finds himself drawn to those who are no longer with us.
"When I paint, I put myself into a method of creative process where I try to embody the character that I'm thinking about," said Buehler. "In some ways, this is to pay homage to the past, to give a voice to people who haven't had the chance to share. Sometimes they act as spectators — they're watching us, looking in. Sometimes they act as messengers to provide information and teach us."
This strengthened connection with the people, experiences and beliefs that make up Buehler's personal history has brought additional meaning to his work and purpose to his life.
"Our past isn't our weakness — it's a strength," said Buehler. "My mother has a saying. She says, 'I hear you in my bones, for written on the bones are the words.' Like words etched on our bones, we cannot divorce ourselves from our personal histories. We can try, but eventually the words rise to the surface. They can awaken at any time, triggered by a sound, a smell, a color, a dream, a smile, a cloud, a pattern, a taste."
Faith + Works, Fidalis Buehler
Martha Duzett
Martha is a writer for the College of Fine Arts and Communications. She majored in Media Arts at BYU and graduated with an MA in Screenwriting and an MFA in Creative Writing from Wilkes University.
Scott Christopherson to Speak on Using Spiritual Guidance to Represent Others Through Documentary Filmmaking
Alexander Woods Shares 'The Work of Translation: the Violin as a Seer Stone' in Faith + Works Lecture
Fidalis Buehler Will Explain the Relationship Between His Faith and Practice as Part of the 2019-2020 Faith + Works Lecture Series
2019-2020 Faith + Works Lecture Series Opens with Adept Violinist Alexander Woods
Inspired By Children's Media, Students Aim To Engage Infants And Adults AlikeDepartment of Art, Experiential Learning
Scott Christopherson to Speak on Using Spiritual Guidance to Represent Others Through Documentary FilmmakingCollege of Fine Arts and Communications, Department of Theatre and Media Arts, Lectures


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What are human rights? Donate
OHCHR > English > Countries > Africa Region > UN Human Rights in Sudan
Sudan overview
(over 3 years old)
Reports on Sudan
UN Human Rights Report 2020
OHCHR Management Plan 2018-2021
Human Rights in Action (PDF)
A Handbook for Civil Society (PDF)
OHCHR in Sudan
On 25 September 2019, a landmark Host Country Agreement was signed by UN High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Government of Sudan, paving the way for the establishment of a fully mandated UN Human Rights' office in Sudan including four field offices in Darfur, Blue Nile, South Kordofan, and East Sudan. OHCHR received the full support of the Government of Sudan for the swift deployment of the start-up team to Khartoum from December 2019. The Deputy High Commissioner declared OHCHR country office in Sudan operational during the Human Rights Council 44th session on 16 July 2020. The Human Rights Council resolution 45/25 of 6 October decided to end the mandate of the Independent Expert, and requested OHCHR to submit a written report to the 48th session of the Council under item 10. OHCHR Country Office works in Sudan on six key areas that match the Government's priorities and the vision laid out in the 2019 Constitutional Document; which frames the transition period in Sudan. See below the six key areas of work.
UNAMID Human Rights component based in Darfur region works in close coordination with OHCHR Country Office. The UN Security Council resolution 2525 (2020) adopted on 3 June 20220 decided that UNAMID to close down by 31 December 2020.
The UN Security Council also adopted resolution 2524 (2020) on 3 June 2020 establishing the UN Integrated Transition Assistance Mission in Sudan (UNITAMS) with a human rights mandate. OHCHR looks forward to implementing a coherent and integrated human rights program in Sudan that ensures the continuing work of my country office and implementation of UNITAM's mandate.
Type of engagement
Country Office
Khartoum and sub offices in Darfur, Blue Nile, South Kordofan, and East Sudan
Number of staff
Currently 12 staff with the aim to have 70 staff by 31 December 2021
Annual budget needs
Incorporation of human rights-based approaches into the Sudan peace process: OHCHR Country Office; in coordination with UNAMID and UNITAMS, plans to provide technical assistance to the accountability and transitional justice mechanisms provided at the peace agreement to address the past crimes.
Institution building and transitional justice: OHCHR provided technical advice with the Government on the recent law reforms adopted in July 2020 as well as on the draft law on the establishment of the Transitional Justice commission and the reforming of the National Human Rights Commission.
Access to justice and promotion of accountability: OHCHR continues to monitor and follow up on with the office of the Attorney General and the judiciary on the work of the investigations committees established to investigate on cases of grave human rights violations committed in Sudan since 1989 including Darfur crimes, and the violent dispersal of the peaceful sit-in in Khartoum on 3 June 2019. OHCHR advocate for the delivery of justice to the victims, and fair trails.
Women's rights: OHCHR continues to provide technical advice to the Government efforts on law reforms including on provisions related to the protection of women. The Office also established partnerships with key women groups. UNAMID Human Rights Section in Darfur also continues to build the capacity of security forces, lawyers, community paralegals and IDPs in Darfur to address SGBV/CRSV, in particular on the survivor-centered approach.
Ratification of treaties: Through its legal mapping project, UNAMID Human Rights Section in Darfur and OHCHR Country Office encouraged Sudan to continue the ratification of some of the core international human rights treaties such as the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW). On 6 October, the Council of Ministers endorsed the ratification of the United Nations Convention against Torture (UNCAT) and the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance.
Universal periodic Review: OHCHR Country Office and UNAMID Human Rights Section in Darfur has provided technical support to Sudan's preparations for the UPR, including hosting consultations with civil society and organizing specialized workshops and trainings to help implement recommendations it has accepted.In May 2016, Sudan accepted 180 out of 244 recommendations of the UPR process. Sudan also committed to fight impunity and investigate all cases of human rights violations. OHCHR hosted consultations with civil society on tracing the implementation of Sudan's Universal Periodic Review recommendations.
Partners: Government of the Sudan, UN agencies, international and regional organizations, civil society groups, academic institutions, women groups, victims groups, diplomatic community in Sudan.
Donors: Canada, EU, Germany, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, USA.
UN Human Rights Focus Areas
Thematic pillars
Mechanisms: Increasing implementation of the international human rights mechanisms outcomes
Development: Integrating human rights in sustainable development
Accountability: Strengthening rule of law and accountability for human rights violations
Prevention and protection: Preventing violations and strengthening protection of human rights
Participation: Enhancing and protecting civic space and people's participation
Leave no one behind: Enhancing equality and countering discrimination
Spotlight populations
Last reviewed: November 2020
Field Operations and Technical Cooperation Division (FOTCD)
Contact in Geneva, Switzerland.
Africa Branch
Tel. + 41 22 928 9360
PO Box 1358, Gereif West, Manshiya, Block # 3, Hara 1/D, Omak Street
East Khartoum, Sudan
Sudan: Considerable reforms but major challenges remain- independent expert
Launch of a new global platform for a progressive dialogue on economic and social rights and the right to development
African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights
African Court of Justice
Note: OHCHR is not responsible for the content of external links.
Human Rights Components of Peace Missions
Human Rights Advisors
National Human Rights Institutions


Shipman & Goodwin LLP is pleased to offer this complimentary forum for higher education professionals to engage with government attorneys to discuss emerging trends and enforcement actions nationally.
Assistant United States Attorneys Vanessa Roberts Avery and Ndidi Moses will join Attorneys Leander A. Dolphin and Linda L. Yoder, who represent public and private colleges and universities, to discuss recent DOJ enforcement actions, as well as the investigation and resolution process, emerging trends and common pitfalls.
To address your particular areas of interest and concern, panelists will solicit questions both before and during this discussion.
The general session will be followed by two simultaneous breakout sessions focused on ADA accessibility issues for students and faculty.
In this interactive session, Attorneys Leander Dolphin and Melika Forbes will address best practices regarding accessibility and accommodation issues of students in the higher education context.
In this interactive session, Attorneys Linda L. Yoder and Peter Murphy will focus on both accessibility and requests for accommodation by faculty as well as faculty involvement with student accommodation requests.
For detailed event information, parking and agenda, click here.
Who should attend: Presidents, General Counsels, Human Resources Personnel, ADA Coordinators, Disability Resources/Services Directors, Deans of Faculty, Provosts, Ombuds, Deans of Student Life, Deans of Student Activities, and Diversity Officers/Directors.
This forum is complimentary, and we invite you to bring a guest or colleague. Please register by September 30th. If you invite a guest, please be sure to register your guest separately.
Lunch will be served and there will be an opportunity for discussion with forum participants during the lunch break.


A crash on the 1000 block of Andy Devine Avenue in front of the Ramblin' Rose Motel Wednesday morning might have thrown some commuters for a loop.
Originally Published: December 21, 2016 11:24 a.m.
KINGMAN - A crash on the 1000 block of Andy Devine Avenue in front of the Ramblin' Rose Motel Wednesday morning might have thrown some commuters for a loop.
According to Kingman Police Deputy Chief Rusty Cooper, the accident occurred shortly after 8 a.m. when an eastbound semi-truck driven by a Kingman man changing lanes clipped a maroon Chrysler 200 driven by a 19-year-old Kingman man. The Chrysler had sped up to get out of the trucks path and a collision spun the car 180 degrees into the path of a white Nissan Altima in the westbound lane.
There were no serious injuries reported. The driver of the Chrysler was transported to Kingman Regional Medical Center for minor pain. A woman passenger in the Nissan was also transported for minor injuries. The investigation is ongoing. The Arizona Department of Public Safety was called to do a commercial vehicle inspection on the semi-truck.
Traffic returned to normal shortly after 9 a.m.