text:
Songwriter Interviews
They're Playing My Song
Songfacts Pages
Songwriting Legends
Songfacts Podcast
Amanda Flinner
April Fox
Bruce Pollock
Carl Wiser
Corey O'Flanagan
Dan MacIntosh
Ed Pearce
Jeff Suwak
Jess Grant
Leslie Michele Derrough
Maggie Grimason
Nicole Roberge
Roger Catlin
Shawna Ortega
Trevor Morelli
by Dan MacIntosh
When Chris Knight sang, "There ought to be a town somewhere/Named for how I feel" on his song "It Ain't Easy Being Me" off his debut album, it was obvious from the get-go this man was something special. Over the years, Knight has continued to write wonderful, personal songs. As he puts it, he always writes from his gut. And it shows.
His Little Victories album is one of the finest reflections of America's difficult economic times. With John Prine on the album's title track, it's a reminder that both men are cut from the same cloth; they both have an eye for human emotional detail.
One of Little Victories' pleasant surprises is a song about romantic betrayal, which Knight co-wrote with the "I Hope You Dance" diva (in the best sense of the term) Lee Ann Womack. (Who knew this great singer was also such a fine writer?)
Knight is a humble, friendly guy who speaks with a thick Southern accent. As we learned, he's not afraid to question our questions.
Dan MacIntosh (Songfacts): Let's dig right in and talk about some of your songs and songwriting. I wanted to start with a song off the new album, which is the one that you wrote with Lee Ann Womack, "You Lie." Is it rare for you to write with other songwriters?
Chris Knight: No, not really. I've co written quite a few songs. It's just whatever's going on. If I've got somebody I can write a song with, I'll sit down and write with them.
Songfacts: Can you tell me about writing that song, did one of you write the music and the other one wrote the lyrics, or did you work on both together?
Knight: We wrote it all together.
Songfacts: And who came up with the idea?
Knight: What difference does it make? Songwriters usually don't talk about that. Sometimes you're just in the room and you still have the song, and other times somebody else is in the room and you write the whole song. But everybody gets half.
Songfacts: I see.
Knight: You understand? I'm not going to sit and pick apart every song that I've written and tell you what parts I did and what parts they did.
Songfacts: That's perfectly fine. I think of her as a great singer.
Knight: Oh, yeah.
Songfacts: But you got to see a side of her that's a songwriter. Do you think she's underrated as a songwriter?
Knight: Yeah. Probably. Yeah, I'd say she is.
Songfacts: There are some other interesting folks that appear on this new album. You sing with John Prine on "Little Victories." And you've been compared to him in the best possible way. I think you have a lot of the same great characteristics as a songwriter. Describe the feeling that you felt when you were able to have him sing on your album.
Knight: You know what, I've always admired John Prine, he was a great guy in the studio, would come and sing on my album, you know. As far as the feeling I had, it's pretty cool. That's the guy I listened to and idolized when I was 13 years old just picking up a guitar, learning how to play and sing and discovering myself. And I copied his style when I first started playing. So it was a good deal to have him come down. I was really glad to have him. Glad he thought enough of the song to come down and sing on it.
I mean, I wasn't giddy as a 13 year old girl at a Justin Bieber concert. [Laughing] I can't tell you that. I just was glad to have him. He's a great guy. He's just like you'd think he would be.
Songfacts: Since you're a songwriter, what is it do you think makes John Prine such a great songwriter?
Knight: What do I think makes John Prine a great songwriter? I don't know. I mean, I'd say that he thinks more than most people do. I'd say it's what songwriters do, go around thinking about stuff that other people don't think about. And they find that stuff that they're thinking about to be important.
I think John Prine wrote a lot from his heart and his gut. And I kind of think that's the same way I did. That's the reason I didn't have a lot of Top 40 success- because I can only write from my gut and my heart. And that might be why he is.
Songfacts: Well, it's interesting that the song "She Couldn't Change Me," I didn't even realize it was your song when I first heard it on the radio. And it really sounds different from the way that you did it. Were you happy with how Montgomery Gentry recorded your song?
Knight: Absolutely. That was the 7th most played song in 2002. It only went to #2. So that's got to tell you something. So evidently they did a bang up job on it.
Songfacts: Do you have any favorites of other people that have done your songs that you like particularly well?
Knight: I like 'em all. Yeah, anytime anybody records one of my songs, I'm happy. That's what I started writing songs for, actually. You know, these songs, they're not my kids. I hear people say that they're like kids, you like all of them. They're just songs. I write 'em and I've wished somebody else would record every song that I ever did.
Songfacts: The new album, Little Victories, kind of reflects the hard economic times that we've been through. Do you agree with me that maybe because if you listen to country radio, you're not really going to get the impression that we're still in a recession. They tend to kind of sugarcoat the way things are.
Knight: Yeah. Well, they've always done that. Any popular music, it's going to get played on major radio stations, can't really say anything. You can't upset anybody. That's the way it's always been basically. Except for maybe late '60s when all the hippies were recording music. But I don't know. I have no idea. That's what they think they've got to do to sell records. And, you know, they're selling records to 13 year old girls. A 13 year old girl don't want to hear about hard times.
Songfacts: I wonder if the fact that you still live in a small town, that if you think that helps you better connect with how, let's say, the common man feels about the world today?
Knight: It probably does. People like my music, there's a lot of them, I've got a wide demographic. I've got little kids all the way up to 75 year old, 80 year old people come to my shows. I guess in some ways I'd say they all identify with it. There may be some that just hear it and think, 'Oh, that so and so likes this, so I guess I like it, too.' You know what I mean? One of my favorite artists likes this guy, or whatever. So I guess I like it too, then. Instead of actually identifying with the music. So I don't know how that works.
Songfacts: Let's go back to your early career. There are some really great songs. And one of them that's been covered quite a bit is "It Ain't Easy Being Me." Do you remember writing that song and maybe what inspired you to write it?
Knight: I don't know what inspired me to write it, but I remember sitting down and hollering out the first couple of lines one morning before I went to work. I'd get up early in the morning and I'd get me a cup of coffee and I'd start writing. And I remember hollering out saying the first couple of lines of "Ain't Easy Being Me," and then setting it aside. And then I took it down and showed it to Craig Wiseman and then we just took off from there. He liked the idea and everything, so we went from there.
Songfacts: The new album is produced by Ray Kennedy. What was it like to work with him?
Knight: It was good. I always wanted to do a record with him. He actually engineered half of my previous record, Heart of Stone. He recorded half of that record, or maybe even more than that. And he mastered the whole record. So I've been in the studio with him and working with him, and we just got to talking. And I told him, "I'd like to just cut a record here, a solo acoustic record." Or cut one with my road band, you know. And he was all for it. Just took a while to get hooked back up. But I've been working with him off and on all during the period between Heart of Stone and Little Victories. Been going in doing guitar, vocals, and just talking to him about this and that. And it finally all came together. Everybody got their heads together we got the time schedule figured out and made it happen.
I met Ray way back in '98 or '99. And we hit it off pretty good. But I didn't see a lot of him. I always admired the records that he did with Steve Earle and all that. I just felt like I could work with him pretty good.
Songfacts: What kind of a producer is he? Does he kind of let you do your thing and just try to capture it, or does he give you a lot of input and give you suggestions?
Knight: Well, he'll give you input when he thinks it's necessary. He's more bare bones kind of guy. If you're doing your thing, he'll get it. But if you're not doing your thing, he gets that, too, and he'll tell you what he thinks. But for the most part, he just wants to capture what the artist is doing. But he's got a lot of good ideas and I got a lot of input on this. Because I asked him a lot of times, "What are we going to do here?" Just steer, steer this guy in the right direction, or steer me in the right direction.
Songfacts: Was it his idea to bring in Buddy Miller to sing some of the harmony vocals?
Knight: It probably was. But I'd worked with Buddy before. I don't know whether Ray absolutely come up with that idea or whether I threw it out. Because Buddy sang on my first album, and he actually did some tracking on my second album, which didn't get released when I first started cutting it. And he played a couple of shows with me, played guitar on my first record. I think he went to Farm Aid with me, played on stage with me at Farm Aid. I've been to festivals and stuff that he was on. Buddy, he's excellent. He's like an unbelievable singer.
Songfacts: Yeah. He's one of those guys that unfortunately the general populace doesn't really know his work. But those that have worked with him love him.
Knight: Yeah. Frank Liddell knew Buddy, when we were working on my first album, he come in and sing on it, because he sang high harmonies on "Afraid," and so Frank knew him for a good while, I guess.
Songfacts: You mentioned Steve Earle earlier. And I wonder, have you guys ever crossed paths and has there ever been talk about maybe you guys writing together?
Knight: No. Not really. We did a festival in Eastern Kentucky. I played right before him and we met. And my guitar player was an original Duke, Mike McAdam, and so I've had guys playing with me who know him real well. We hadn't really talked about writing or doing any shows or anything. I mean, he's a huge influence on me, but I don't know. I don't know how cool that would be, really. It might be extremely cool.
Songfacts: Well, I wanted to wind things up and talk more about the Little Victories album. Did it come together quickly for you? Did you have songs written quickly or did it take a while to come up with the songs that eventually made the album?
Knight: I had the songs ready. I had to just pick and choose over 13, 14 songs about which I was going to put on there. But I was ready to record a year before we recorded. I picked up some older songs that I had already passed by and they sounded pretty good to me at the time, so we went on and put those on there, too. As far as new songs, I wrote those in between Heart of Stone and Little Victories.
Songfacts: Are you a pretty fast writer when it comes to writing songs?
Knight: It just depends. I mean, I write some of them in 30 minutes. Hang on, man.
(Yelling at someone/thing.)
Songfacts: I hope that's a pet and not a person.
Knight: It's a horse.
Songfacts: Oh, it's a horse?
Knight: It's a horse and my eight year old daughter is out there bugging him. She won't leave him alone and I'm just trying to get her to put a little distance between them. I think he loves her, but I'd feel a little safer right now with her on this side of the fence. But anyway, what we were oh, yeah. Some of the songs come really quick. I've written songs in an hour or 30 minutes, even, and some of them take three months or six months, or some of them is even like you got an idea, you might have a verse, but you can't go anywhere with it. And then all of a sudden a year later you finish it up. I think that's probably the way a lot of songwriters work.
Songfacts: I would be remiss if I didn't focus a little bit on the single, the first single I think is "In The Meantime," is that right?
Knight: Yeah. They released that to Americana radio, I guess, of Texas.
Songfacts: And can you tell me about how that song came together?
Knight: We had a new president inaugurated, everybody was flipping out over the economy and politicians and also we had a terrible ice storm here in western Kentucky that shut everything down for a month or two here. We were out of electricity for three weeks. A lot of people out here were out for a month. And people were standing in lines outside of the hardware stores, because they didn't have anything, they weren't prepared. They didn't have nothing. They had to go to church gymnasiums and live, because they didn't have any way to take care of themselves when a disaster struck. And it's like, what the heck, people?
And then two months after the ice storm all these generators started showing up in the classifieds for sale. People went out and bought generators to get through the ice storm and then two months later they go and sell them. Like it's never going to happen again. So it's like dadgum, people.
Songfacts: Get prepared and stay prepared.
Knight: Yeah. And you don't have to be radical about it. But good lord, at least be able to cover your ass when the electricity goes out.
Songfacts: I'll bet you have a generator.
Knight: Yes, I do. I was ready to go. When our electricity went off, I already had the fireplace going and had the generator all oiled up and ready to go.
Songfacts: I'm glad you're prepared.
Knight: We couldn't even get out our drive, we couldn't really get out for about a week. We live out in the real wooded area and there were trees down. I had to take a chainsaw and cut about three tenths of a mile down one way with the chainsaw to clear the road out. And then still couldn't get out once we went on down the road another half mile, it was all blocked off, too. So after about a week we got all that cleared up. You go up and down the road, get out and go 30 miles down the road and get some gasoline or something, if you need it, wash your clothes.
Songfacts: So all of those experiences inspired you to write the song?
Knight: Yeah. It was kind of like what I was thinking about and what I was feeling at the time. What I thought maybe other people were feeling, too. A lot of other people.
Songfacts: You said in the past that there's a little bit of you in a lot of the songs. Like you may be one of the characters. Do you try to put yourself in the heads of other people when you write songs?
Knight: Yeah. Well, it's kind of like I can identify with anything that I've written. There's a piece of me that can identify with all of that stuff. Just one bad decision or one rash decision that you make, or getting revenge on somebody. I think everybody feels stuff like that, but I don't know if other people want to feel it. But Johnny Cash didn't have no problem writing from that, even though he never shot a man just to watch him die, he probably identified with the dude that did. I would say that. These people think that you just write stuff, you're way back away from everything you write, but you've got to know a little bit about it, or at least how it feels, even identify a little bit.
Songfacts: It's better to write a song about it than do it.
Knight: Yes, it is. Yeah.
Songfacts: And maybe do you think writing songs has kept you out of trouble?
Knight: I don't know. That's a possibility that it did. But I probably could have avoided killing anybody even if I hadn't written about it, you know. (Laughing) I probably wouldn't be in jail right now if I hadn't written those songs.
Songfacts: That's good to know. I'm glad to know that you're a peaceful man and that you're not a killer.
Knight: No, I'm not a killer. Just only in my mind. Yeah, only in my head.
January 4, 2013. Get more at chrisknight.net.
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Orah Rose from Brooklyn, NyChris Knight is my favorite songwriter bar none. I think of him as the Country Bruce Springsteen only more unspoiled. Love his mini- stories -- they're so visual -- each one could be a full-length film -- and I especially love his "bring-it-on/get-'er-done/don't run SOB" characters who to me embody the brave independent spirit that made this country of ours great. G-d bless him and them, and o G-d please save America from these crazy head-in-the-sand before they run our now-limping land completely into the ground!!
Dayton from VegasGreat job, a wonderful songwriter and performer.
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text:
Kim and Kanye buying $14M luxury condo in Miami
December 27, 2018 | 9:16pm
Kanye West and Kim Kardashian, and the Faena House tower Getty;Shutterstock
Publishing heir accused of punching woman in the face
Still-married ex-Google CEO gifts younger gal pal huge ring
Friars Club members hit up ex-director's sentencing in a 'party bus'
Rudy Giuliani and Wilbur Ross bust out dad dance moves at Hamptons bash
Kim Kardashian and Kanye West have quietly bought a $14 million apartment at Miami's gleaming "billionaire beach bunker," sources exclusively tell Page Six.
KimYe have bought into the 18-story luxury beachfront tower Faena House, designed by Norman Foster and home to masters of the universe including Goldman Sachs chairman Lloyd Blankfein, hedge-fund billionaire Ken Griffin and Faena co-developer Len Blavatnik.
While reps for Kim and Kanye didn't comment, sources said KimYe purchased unit 5A, the condo of Alex Blavatnik, the brother of energy billionaire Len, for about $14 million.
The four-bedroom, 5 ½-bath, 4,700-square-foot apartment with a wraparound terrace at 3325 Collins Ave. had originally been listed for $15.5 million.
In late 2017, Alex sold his other Faena House condo, unit 6A, for $13 million to an unknown buyer.
The building has all the amenities desired by the superrich: a private gym, spa, pool, concierge and underground parking.
Citadel founder Griffin famously paid a Miami record of $60 million for two Faena penthouse units, which boast a pool and 360-degree terraces — and then never moved in.
Faena HouseGetty Images
The source said, "Kim and Kanye have been spotted viewing the property in the last month, and they are now in contract to buy it for $14 million. The sale is expected to close in January."
Save big on home improvement with an Overstock coupon code, available from the New York Post
The couple, whose main residence is a sprawling mansion in Hidden Hills, Calif., has long-standing ties to Miami Beach, the original location for the Kardashians' Dash store.
Kanye is a regular at December's annual Art Basel Miami Beach, and the rapper is said to be down with Faena's links to the artistic and cultural community.
Argentine Faena mastermind Alan Faena told New York magazine in 2016 of the design of the property, which also includes a five-star hotel and a Rem Koolhaas-designed arts center: "From the macro to the 'meekro,' the level of love and detail is the same. It's not just design. It's based on truth, on a story."
Kanye got Kim a $1M 'push present'
Filed under celebrity real estate , kanye west , kim kardashian , miami , real estate
Judge in 'To Kill a Mockingbird' case attends opening nigh...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
from __future__ import unicode_literals

import copy

# Ensure 'assert_raises' context manager support for Python 2.6
import tests.backport_assert_raises  # noqa
from nose.tools import assert_raises

import boto3
import boto
from botocore.exceptions import ClientError
from boto.exception import EC2ResponseError
import sure  # noqa

from moto import mock_ec2, mock_ec2_deprecated

@mock_ec2_deprecated
def test_create_and_describe_security_group():
    conn = boto.connect_ec2('the_key', 'the_secret')

    with assert_raises(EC2ResponseError) as ex:
        security_group = conn.create_security_group(
            'test security group', 'this is a test security group', dry_run=True)
    ex.exception.error_code.should.equal('DryRunOperation')
    ex.exception.status.should.equal(400)
    ex.exception.message.should.equal(
        'An error occurred (DryRunOperation) when calling the CreateSecurityGroup operation: Request would have succeeded, but DryRun flag is set')

    security_group = conn.create_security_group(
        'test security group', 'this is a test security group')

    security_group.name.should.equal('test security group')
    security_group.description.should.equal('this is a test security group')

    # Trying to create another group with the same name should throw an error
    with assert_raises(EC2ResponseError) as cm:
        conn.create_security_group(
            'test security group', 'this is a test security group')
    cm.exception.code.should.equal('InvalidGroup.Duplicate')
    cm.exception.status.should.equal(400)
    cm.exception.request_id.should_not.be.none

    all_groups = conn.get_all_security_groups()
    # The default group gets created automatically
    all_groups.should.have.length_of(3)
    group_names = [group.name for group in all_groups]
    set(group_names).should.equal(set(["default", "test security group"]))

@mock_ec2_deprecated
def test_create_security_group_without_description_raises_error():
    conn = boto.connect_ec2('the_key', 'the_secret')

    with assert_raises(EC2ResponseError) as cm:
        conn.create_security_group('test security group', '')
    cm.exception.code.should.equal('MissingParameter')
    cm.exception.status.should.equal(400)
    cm.exception.request_id.should_not.be.none

@mock_ec2_deprecated
def test_default_security_group():
    conn = boto.ec2.connect_to_region('us-east-1')
    groups = conn.get_all_security_groups()
    groups.should.have.length_of(2)
    groups[0].name.should.equal("default")

@mock_ec2_deprecated
def test_create_and_describe_vpc_security_group():
    conn = boto.connect_ec2('the_key', 'the_secret')
    vpc_id = 'vpc-5300000c'
    security_group = conn.create_security_group(
        'test security group', 'this is a test security group', vpc_id=vpc_id)

    security_group.vpc_id.should.equal(vpc_id)

    security_group.name.should.equal('test security group')
    security_group.description.should.equal('this is a test security group')

    # Trying to create another group with the same name in the same VPC should
    # throw an error
    with assert_raises(EC2ResponseError) as cm:
        conn.create_security_group(
            'test security group', 'this is a test security group', vpc_id)
    cm.exception.code.should.equal('InvalidGroup.Duplicate')
    cm.exception.status.should.equal(400)
    cm.exception.request_id.should_not.be.none

    all_groups = conn.get_all_security_groups(filters={'vpc_id': [vpc_id]})

    all_groups[0].vpc_id.should.equal(vpc_id)

    all_groups.should.have.length_of(1)
    all_groups[0].name.should.equal('test security group')

@mock_ec2_deprecated
def test_create_two_security_groups_with_same_name_in_different_vpc():
    conn = boto.connect_ec2('the_key', 'the_secret')
    vpc_id = 'vpc-5300000c'
    vpc_id2 = 'vpc-5300000d'

    conn.create_security_group(
        'test security group', 'this is a test security group', vpc_id)
    conn.create_security_group(
        'test security group', 'this is a test security group', vpc_id2)

    all_groups = conn.get_all_security_groups()

    all_groups.should.have.length_of(4)
    group_names = [group.name for group in all_groups]
    # The default group is created automatically
    set(group_names).should.equal(set(["default", "test security group"]))

@mock_ec2_deprecated
def test_deleting_security_groups():
    conn = boto.connect_ec2('the_key', 'the_secret')
    security_group1 = conn.create_security_group('test1', 'test1')
    conn.create_security_group('test2', 'test2')

    conn.get_all_security_groups().should.have.length_of(4)

    # Deleting a group that doesn't exist should throw an error
    with assert_raises(EC2ResponseError) as cm:
        conn.delete_security_group('foobar')
    cm.exception.code.should.equal('InvalidGroup.NotFound')
    cm.exception.status.should.equal(400)
    cm.exception.request_id.should_not.be.none

    # Delete by name
    with assert_raises(EC2ResponseError) as ex:
        conn.delete_security_group('test2', dry_run=True)
    ex.exception.error_code.should.equal('DryRunOperation')
    ex.exception.status.should.equal(400)
    ex.exception.message.should.equal(
        'An error occurred (DryRunOperation) when calling the DeleteSecurityGroup operation: Request would have succeeded, but DryRun flag is set')

    conn.delete_security_group('test2')
    conn.get_all_security_groups().should.have.length_of(3)

    # Delete by group id
    conn.delete_security_group(group_id=security_group1.id)
    conn.get_all_security_groups().should.have.length_of(2)

@mock_ec2_deprecated
def test_delete_security_group_in_vpc():
    conn = boto.connect_ec2('the_key', 'the_secret')
    vpc_id = "vpc-12345"
    security_group1 = conn.create_security_group('test1', 'test1', vpc_id)

    # this should not throw an exception
    conn.delete_security_group(group_id=security_group1.id)

@mock_ec2_deprecated
def test_authorize_ip_range_and_revoke():
    conn = boto.connect_ec2('the_key', 'the_secret')
    security_group = conn.create_security_group('test', 'test')

    with assert_raises(EC2ResponseError) as ex:
        success = security_group.authorize(
            ip_protocol="tcp", from_port="22", to_port="2222", cidr_ip="123.123.123.123/32", dry_run=True)
    ex.exception.error_code.should.equal('DryRunOperation')
    ex.exception.status.should.equal(400)
    ex.exception.message.should.equal(
        'An error occurred (DryRunOperation) when calling the GrantSecurityGroupIngress operation: Request would have succeeded, but DryRun flag is set')

    success = security_group.authorize(
        ip_protocol="tcp", from_port="22", to_port="2222", cidr_ip="123.123.123.123/32")
    assert success.should.be.true

    security_group = conn.get_all_security_groups(groupnames=['test'])[0]
    int(security_group.rules[0].to_port).should.equal(2222)
    security_group.rules[0].grants[
        0].cidr_ip.should.equal("123.123.123.123/32")

    # Wrong Cidr should throw error
    with assert_raises(EC2ResponseError) as cm:
        security_group.revoke(ip_protocol="tcp", from_port="22",
                              to_port="2222", cidr_ip="123.123.123.122/32")
    cm.exception.code.should.equal('InvalidPermission.NotFound')
    cm.exception.status.should.equal(400)
    cm.exception.request_id.should_not.be.none

    # Actually revoke
    with assert_raises(EC2ResponseError) as ex:
        security_group.revoke(ip_protocol="tcp", from_port="22",
                              to_port="2222", cidr_ip="123.123.123.123/32", dry_run=True)
    ex.exception.error_code.should.equal('DryRunOperation')
    ex.exception.status.should.equal(400)
    ex.exception.message.should.equal(
        'An error occurred (DryRunOperation) when calling the RevokeSecurityGroupIngress operation: Request would have succeeded, but DryRun flag is set')

    security_group.revoke(ip_protocol="tcp", from_port="22",
                          to_port="2222", cidr_ip="123.123.123.123/32")

    security_group = conn.get_all_security_groups()[0]
    security_group.rules.should.have.length_of(0)

    # Test for egress as well
    egress_security_group = conn.create_security_group(
        'testegress', 'testegress', vpc_id='vpc-3432589')

    with assert_raises(EC2ResponseError) as ex:
        success = conn.authorize_security_group_egress(
            egress_security_group.id, "tcp", from_port="22", to_port="2222", cidr_ip="123.123.123.123/32", dry_run=True)
    ex.exception.error_code.should.equal('DryRunOperation')
    ex.exception.status.should.equal(400)
    ex.exception.message.should.equal(
        'An error occurred (DryRunOperation) when calling the GrantSecurityGroupEgress operation: Request would have succeeded, but DryRun flag is set')

    success = conn.authorize_security_group_egress(
        egress_security_group.id, "tcp", from_port="22", to_port="2222", cidr_ip="123.123.123.123/32")
    assert success.should.be.true
    egress_security_group = conn.get_all_security_groups(
        groupnames='testegress')[0]
    # There are two egress rules associated with the security group:
    # the default outbound rule and the new one
    int(egress_security_group.rules_egress[1].to_port).should.equal(2222)
    egress_security_group.rules_egress[1].grants[
        0].cidr_ip.should.equal("123.123.123.123/32")

    # Wrong Cidr should throw error
    egress_security_group.revoke.when.called_with(
        ip_protocol="tcp", from_port="22", to_port="2222", cidr_ip="123.123.123.122/32").should.throw(EC2ResponseError)

    # Actually revoke
    with assert_raises(EC2ResponseError) as ex:
        conn.revoke_security_group_egress(
            egress_security_group.id, "tcp", from_port="22", to_port="2222", cidr_ip="123.123.123.123/32", dry_run=True)
    ex.exception.error_code.should.equal('DryRunOperation')
    ex.exception.status.should.equal(400)
    ex.exception.message.should.equal(
        'An error occurred (DryRunOperation) when calling the RevokeSecurityGroupEgress operation: Request would have succeeded, but DryRun flag is set')

    conn.revoke_security_group_egress(
        egress_security_group.id, "tcp", from_port="22", to_port="2222", cidr_ip="123.123.123.123/32")

    egress_security_group = conn.get_all_security_groups()[0]
    # There is still the default outbound rule
    egress_security_group.rules_egress.should.have.length_of(1)

@mock_ec2_deprecated
def test_authorize_other_group_and_revoke():
    conn = boto.connect_ec2('the_key', 'the_secret')
    security_group = conn.create_security_group('test', 'test')
    other_security_group = conn.create_security_group('other', 'other')
    wrong_group = conn.create_security_group('wrong', 'wrong')

    success = security_group.authorize(
        ip_protocol="tcp", from_port="22", to_port="2222", src_group=other_security_group)
    assert success.should.be.true

    security_group = [
        group for group in conn.get_all_security_groups() if group.name == 'test'][0]
    int(security_group.rules[0].to_port).should.equal(2222)
    security_group.rules[0].grants[
        0].group_id.should.equal(other_security_group.id)

    # Wrong source group should throw error
    with assert_raises(EC2ResponseError) as cm:
        security_group.revoke(ip_protocol="tcp", from_port="22",
                              to_port="2222", src_group=wrong_group)
    cm.exception.code.should.equal('InvalidPermission.NotFound')
    cm.exception.status.should.equal(400)
    cm.exception.request_id.should_not.be.none

    # Actually revoke
    security_group.revoke(ip_protocol="tcp", from_port="22",
                          to_port="2222", src_group=other_security_group)

    security_group = [
        group for group in conn.get_all_security_groups() if group.name == 'test'][0]
    security_group.rules.should.have.length_of(0)

@mock_ec2
def test_authorize_other_group_egress_and_revoke():
    ec2 = boto3.resource('ec2', region_name='us-west-1')

    vpc = ec2.create_vpc(CidrBlock='10.0.0.0/16')

    sg01 = ec2.create_security_group(
        GroupName='sg01', Description='Test security group sg01', VpcId=vpc.id)
    sg02 = ec2.create_security_group(
        GroupName='sg02', Description='Test security group sg02', VpcId=vpc.id)

    ip_permission = {
        'IpProtocol': 'tcp',
        'FromPort': 27017,
        'ToPort': 27017,
        'UserIdGroupPairs': [{'GroupId': sg02.id, 'GroupName': 'sg02', 'UserId': sg02.owner_id}],
        'IpRanges': []
    }

    sg01.authorize_egress(IpPermissions=[ip_permission])
    sg01.ip_permissions_egress.should.have.length_of(2)
    sg01.ip_permissions_egress.should.contain(ip_permission)

    sg01.revoke_egress(IpPermissions=[ip_permission])
    sg01.ip_permissions_egress.should.have.length_of(1)

@mock_ec2_deprecated
def test_authorize_group_in_vpc():
    conn = boto.connect_ec2('the_key', 'the_secret')
    vpc_id = "vpc-12345"

    # create 2 groups in a vpc
    security_group = conn.create_security_group('test1', 'test1', vpc_id)
    other_security_group = conn.create_security_group('test2', 'test2', vpc_id)

    success = security_group.authorize(
        ip_protocol="tcp", from_port="22", to_port="2222", src_group=other_security_group)
    success.should.be.true

    # Check that the rule is accurate
    security_group = [
        group for group in conn.get_all_security_groups() if group.name == 'test1'][0]
    int(security_group.rules[0].to_port).should.equal(2222)
    security_group.rules[0].grants[
        0].group_id.should.equal(other_security_group.id)

    # Now remove the rule
    success = security_group.revoke(
        ip_protocol="tcp", from_port="22", to_port="2222", src_group=other_security_group)
    success.should.be.true

    # And check that it gets revoked
    security_group = [
        group for group in conn.get_all_security_groups() if group.name == 'test1'][0]
    security_group.rules.should.have.length_of(0)

@mock_ec2_deprecated
def test_get_all_security_groups():
    conn = boto.connect_ec2()
    sg1 = conn.create_security_group(
        name='test1', description='test1', vpc_id='vpc-mjm05d27')
    conn.create_security_group(name='test2', description='test2')

    resp = conn.get_all_security_groups(groupnames=['test1'])
    resp.should.have.length_of(1)
    resp[0].id.should.equal(sg1.id)

    with assert_raises(EC2ResponseError) as cm:
        conn.get_all_security_groups(groupnames=['does_not_exist'])
    cm.exception.code.should.equal('InvalidGroup.NotFound')
    cm.exception.status.should.equal(400)
    cm.exception.request_id.should_not.be.none

    resp.should.have.length_of(1)
    resp[0].id.should.equal(sg1.id)

    resp = conn.get_all_security_groups(filters={'vpc-id': ['vpc-mjm05d27']})
    resp.should.have.length_of(1)
    resp[0].id.should.equal(sg1.id)

    resp = conn.get_all_security_groups(filters={'vpc_id': ['vpc-mjm05d27']})
    resp.should.have.length_of(1)
    resp[0].id.should.equal(sg1.id)

    resp = conn.get_all_security_groups(filters={'description': ['test1']})
    resp.should.have.length_of(1)
    resp[0].id.should.equal(sg1.id)

    resp = conn.get_all_security_groups()
    resp.should.have.length_of(4)

@mock_ec2_deprecated
def test_authorize_bad_cidr_throws_invalid_parameter_value():
    conn = boto.connect_ec2('the_key', 'the_secret')
    security_group = conn.create_security_group('test', 'test')
    with assert_raises(EC2ResponseError) as cm:
        security_group.authorize(
            ip_protocol="tcp", from_port="22", to_port="2222", cidr_ip="123.123.123.123")
    cm.exception.code.should.equal('InvalidParameterValue')
    cm.exception.status.should.equal(400)
    cm.exception.request_id.should_not.be.none

@mock_ec2_deprecated
def test_security_group_tagging():
    conn = boto.connect_vpc()
    vpc = conn.create_vpc("10.0.0.0/16")

    sg = conn.create_security_group("test-sg", "Test SG", vpc.id)

    with assert_raises(EC2ResponseError) as ex:
        sg.add_tag("Test", "Tag", dry_run=True)
    ex.exception.error_code.should.equal('DryRunOperation')
    ex.exception.status.should.equal(400)
    ex.exception.message.should.equal(
        'An error occurred (DryRunOperation) when calling the CreateTags operation: Request would have succeeded, but DryRun flag is set')

    sg.add_tag("Test", "Tag")

    tag = conn.get_all_tags()[0]
    tag.name.should.equal("Test")
    tag.value.should.equal("Tag")

    group = conn.get_all_security_groups("test-sg")[0]
    group.tags.should.have.length_of(1)
    group.tags["Test"].should.equal("Tag")

@mock_ec2_deprecated
def test_security_group_tag_filtering():
    conn = boto.connect_ec2()
    sg = conn.create_security_group("test-sg", "Test SG")
    sg.add_tag("test-tag", "test-value")

    groups = conn.get_all_security_groups(
        filters={"tag:test-tag": "test-value"})
    groups.should.have.length_of(1)

@mock_ec2_deprecated
def test_authorize_all_protocols_with_no_port_specification():
    conn = boto.connect_ec2()
    sg = conn.create_security_group('test', 'test')

    success = sg.authorize(ip_protocol='-1', cidr_ip='0.0.0.0/0')
    success.should.be.true

    sg = conn.get_all_security_groups('test')[0]
    sg.rules[0].from_port.should.equal(None)
    sg.rules[0].to_port.should.equal(None)

@mock_ec2_deprecated
def test_sec_group_rule_limit():
    ec2_conn = boto.connect_ec2()
    sg = ec2_conn.create_security_group('test', 'test')
    other_sg = ec2_conn.create_security_group('test_2', 'test_other')

    # INGRESS
    with assert_raises(EC2ResponseError) as cm:
        ec2_conn.authorize_security_group(
            group_id=sg.id, ip_protocol='-1',
            cidr_ip=['{0}.0.0.0/0'.format(i) for i in range(110)])
    cm.exception.error_code.should.equal('RulesPerSecurityGroupLimitExceeded')

    sg.rules.should.be.empty
    # authorize a rule targeting a different sec group (because this count too)
    success = ec2_conn.authorize_security_group(
        group_id=sg.id, ip_protocol='-1',
        src_security_group_group_id=other_sg.id)
    success.should.be.true
    # fill the rules up the limit
    success = ec2_conn.authorize_security_group(
        group_id=sg.id, ip_protocol='-1',
        cidr_ip=['{0}.0.0.0/0'.format(i) for i in range(99)])
    success.should.be.true
    # verify that we cannot authorize past the limit for a CIDR IP
    with assert_raises(EC2ResponseError) as cm:
        ec2_conn.authorize_security_group(
            group_id=sg.id, ip_protocol='-1', cidr_ip=['100.0.0.0/0'])
    cm.exception.error_code.should.equal('RulesPerSecurityGroupLimitExceeded')
    # verify that we cannot authorize past the limit for a different sec group
    with assert_raises(EC2ResponseError) as cm:
        ec2_conn.authorize_security_group(
            group_id=sg.id, ip_protocol='-1',
            src_security_group_group_id=other_sg.id)
    cm.exception.error_code.should.equal('RulesPerSecurityGroupLimitExceeded')

    # EGRESS
    # authorize a rule targeting a different sec group (because this count too)
    ec2_conn.authorize_security_group_egress(
        group_id=sg.id, ip_protocol='-1',
        src_group_id=other_sg.id)
    # fill the rules up the limit
    # remember that by default, when created a sec group contains 1 egress rule
    # so our other_sg rule + 98 CIDR IP rules + 1 by default == 100 the limit
    for i in range(98):
        ec2_conn.authorize_security_group_egress(
            group_id=sg.id, ip_protocol='-1',
            cidr_ip='{0}.0.0.0/0'.format(i))
    # verify that we cannot authorize past the limit for a CIDR IP
    with assert_raises(EC2ResponseError) as cm:
        ec2_conn.authorize_security_group_egress(
            group_id=sg.id, ip_protocol='-1',
            cidr_ip='101.0.0.0/0')
    cm.exception.error_code.should.equal('RulesPerSecurityGroupLimitExceeded')
    # verify that we cannot authorize past the limit for a different sec group
    with assert_raises(EC2ResponseError) as cm:
        ec2_conn.authorize_security_group_egress(
            group_id=sg.id, ip_protocol='-1',
            src_group_id=other_sg.id)
    cm.exception.error_code.should.equal('RulesPerSecurityGroupLimitExceeded')

@mock_ec2_deprecated
def test_sec_group_rule_limit_vpc():
    ec2_conn = boto.connect_ec2()
    vpc_conn = boto.connect_vpc()

    vpc = vpc_conn.create_vpc('10.0.0.0/16')

    sg = ec2_conn.create_security_group('test', 'test', vpc_id=vpc.id)
    other_sg = ec2_conn.create_security_group('test_2', 'test', vpc_id=vpc.id)

    # INGRESS
    with assert_raises(EC2ResponseError) as cm:
        ec2_conn.authorize_security_group(
            group_id=sg.id, ip_protocol='-1',
            cidr_ip=['{0}.0.0.0/0'.format(i) for i in range(110)])
    cm.exception.error_code.should.equal('RulesPerSecurityGroupLimitExceeded')

    sg.rules.should.be.empty
    # authorize a rule targeting a different sec group (because this count too)
    success = ec2_conn.authorize_security_group(
        group_id=sg.id, ip_protocol='-1',
        src_security_group_group_id=other_sg.id)
    success.should.be.true
    # fill the rules up the limit
    success = ec2_conn.authorize_security_group(
        group_id=sg.id, ip_protocol='-1',
        cidr_ip=['{0}.0.0.0/0'.format(i) for i in range(49)])
    # verify that we cannot authorize past the limit for a CIDR IP
    success.should.be.true
    with assert_raises(EC2ResponseError) as cm:
        ec2_conn.authorize_security_group(
            group_id=sg.id, ip_protocol='-1', cidr_ip=['100.0.0.0/0'])
    cm.exception.error_code.should.equal('RulesPerSecurityGroupLimitExceeded')
    # verify that we cannot authorize past the limit for a different sec group
    with assert_raises(EC2ResponseError) as cm:
        ec2_conn.authorize_security_group(
            group_id=sg.id, ip_protocol='-1',
            src_security_group_group_id=other_sg.id)
    cm.exception.error_code.should.equal('RulesPerSecurityGroupLimitExceeded')

    # EGRESS
    # authorize a rule targeting a different sec group (because this count too)
    ec2_conn.authorize_security_group_egress(
        group_id=sg.id, ip_protocol='-1',
        src_group_id=other_sg.id)
    # fill the rules up the limit
    # remember that by default, when created a sec group contains 1 egress rule
    # so our other_sg rule + 48 CIDR IP rules + 1 by default == 50 the limit
    for i in range(48):
        ec2_conn.authorize_security_group_egress(
            group_id=sg.id, ip_protocol='-1',
            cidr_ip='{0}.0.0.0/0'.format(i))
    # verify that we cannot authorize past the limit for a CIDR IP
    with assert_raises(EC2ResponseError) as cm:
        ec2_conn.authorize_security_group_egress(
            group_id=sg.id, ip_protocol='-1',
            cidr_ip='50.0.0.0/0')
    cm.exception.error_code.should.equal('RulesPerSecurityGroupLimitExceeded')
    # verify that we cannot authorize past the limit for a different sec group
    with assert_raises(EC2ResponseError) as cm:
        ec2_conn.authorize_security_group_egress(
            group_id=sg.id, ip_protocol='-1',
            src_group_id=other_sg.id)
    cm.exception.error_code.should.equal('RulesPerSecurityGroupLimitExceeded')

'''
Boto3
'''

@mock_ec2
def test_add_same_rule_twice_throws_error():
    ec2 = boto3.resource('ec2', region_name='us-west-1')

    vpc = ec2.create_vpc(CidrBlock='10.0.0.0/16')
    sg = ec2.create_security_group(
        GroupName='sg1', Description='Test security group sg1', VpcId=vpc.id)

    ip_permissions = [
        {
            'IpProtocol': 'tcp',
            'FromPort': 27017,
            'ToPort': 27017,
            'IpRanges': [{"CidrIp": "1.2.3.4/32"}]
        },
    ]
    sg.authorize_ingress(IpPermissions=ip_permissions)

    with assert_raises(ClientError) as ex:
        sg.authorize_ingress(IpPermissions=ip_permissions)

@mock_ec2
def test_security_group_tagging_boto3():
    conn = boto3.client('ec2', region_name='us-east-1')

    sg = conn.create_security_group(GroupName="test-sg", Description="Test SG")

    with assert_raises(ClientError) as ex:
        conn.create_tags(Resources=[sg['GroupId']], Tags=[
                         {'Key': 'Test', 'Value': 'Tag'}], DryRun=True)
    ex.exception.response['Error']['Code'].should.equal('DryRunOperation')
    ex.exception.response['ResponseMetadata'][
        'HTTPStatusCode'].should.equal(400)
    ex.exception.response['Error']['Message'].should.equal(
        'An error occurred (DryRunOperation) when calling the CreateTags operation: Request would have succeeded, but DryRun flag is set')

    conn.create_tags(Resources=[sg['GroupId']], Tags=[
                     {'Key': 'Test', 'Value': 'Tag'}])
    describe = conn.describe_security_groups(
        Filters=[{'Name': 'tag-value', 'Values': ['Tag']}])
    tag = describe["SecurityGroups"][0]['Tags'][0]
    tag['Value'].should.equal("Tag")
    tag['Key'].should.equal("Test")

@mock_ec2
def test_security_group_wildcard_tag_filter_boto3():
    conn = boto3.client('ec2', region_name='us-east-1')
    sg = conn.create_security_group(GroupName="test-sg", Description="Test SG")
    conn.create_tags(Resources=[sg['GroupId']], Tags=[
                     {'Key': 'Test', 'Value': 'Tag'}])
    describe = conn.describe_security_groups(
        Filters=[{'Name': 'tag-value', 'Values': ['*']}])

    tag = describe["SecurityGroups"][0]['Tags'][0]
    tag['Value'].should.equal("Tag")
    tag['Key'].should.equal("Test")

@mock_ec2
def test_authorize_and_revoke_in_bulk():
    ec2 = boto3.resource('ec2', region_name='us-west-1')

    vpc = ec2.create_vpc(CidrBlock='10.0.0.0/16')

    sg01 = ec2.create_security_group(
        GroupName='sg01', Description='Test security group sg01', VpcId=vpc.id)
    sg02 = ec2.create_security_group(
        GroupName='sg02', Description='Test security group sg02', VpcId=vpc.id)
    sg03 = ec2.create_security_group(
        GroupName='sg03', Description='Test security group sg03')

    ip_permissions = [
        {
            'IpProtocol': 'tcp',
            'FromPort': 27017,
            'ToPort': 27017,
            'UserIdGroupPairs': [{'GroupId': sg02.id, 'GroupName': 'sg02',
                                  'UserId': sg02.owner_id}],
            'IpRanges': []
        },
        {
            'IpProtocol': 'tcp',
            'FromPort': 27018,
            'ToPort': 27018,
            'UserIdGroupPairs': [{'GroupId': sg02.id, 'UserId': sg02.owner_id}],
            'IpRanges': []
        },
        {
            'IpProtocol': 'tcp',
            'FromPort': 27017,
            'ToPort': 27017,
            'UserIdGroupPairs': [{'GroupName': 'sg03', 'UserId': sg03.owner_id}],
            'IpRanges': []
        }
    ]
    expected_ip_permissions = copy.deepcopy(ip_permissions)
    expected_ip_permissions[1]['UserIdGroupPairs'][0]['GroupName'] = 'sg02'
    expected_ip_permissions[2]['UserIdGroupPairs'][0]['GroupId'] = sg03.id

    sg01.authorize_ingress(IpPermissions=ip_permissions)
    sg01.ip_permissions.should.have.length_of(3)
    for ip_permission in expected_ip_permissions:
        sg01.ip_permissions.should.contain(ip_permission)

    sg01.revoke_ingress(IpPermissions=ip_permissions)
    sg01.ip_permissions.should.be.empty
    for ip_permission in expected_ip_permissions:
        sg01.ip_permissions.shouldnt.contain(ip_permission)

    sg01.authorize_egress(IpPermissions=ip_permissions)
    sg01.ip_permissions_egress.should.have.length_of(4)
    for ip_permission in expected_ip_permissions:
        sg01.ip_permissions_egress.should.contain(ip_permission)

    sg01.revoke_egress(IpPermissions=ip_permissions)
    sg01.ip_permissions_egress.should.have.length_of(1)
    for ip_permission in expected_ip_permissions:
        sg01.ip_permissions_egress.shouldnt.contain(ip_permission)

@mock_ec2
def test_security_group_ingress_without_multirule():
    ec2 = boto3.resource('ec2', 'ca-central-1')
    sg = ec2.create_security_group(Description='Test SG', GroupName='test-sg')

    assert len(sg.ip_permissions) == 0
    sg.authorize_ingress(CidrIp='192.168.0.1/32', FromPort=22, ToPort=22, IpProtocol='tcp')

    # Fails
    assert len(sg.ip_permissions) == 1

@mock_ec2
def test_security_group_ingress_without_multirule_after_reload():
    ec2 = boto3.resource('ec2', 'ca-central-1')
    sg = ec2.create_security_group(Description='Test SG', GroupName='test-sg')

    assert len(sg.ip_permissions) == 0
    sg.authorize_ingress(CidrIp='192.168.0.1/32', FromPort=22, ToPort=22, IpProtocol='tcp')

    # Also Fails
    sg_after = ec2.SecurityGroup(sg.id)
    assert len(sg_after.ip_permissions) == 1

@mock_ec2_deprecated
def test_get_all_security_groups_filter_with_same_vpc_id():
    conn = boto.connect_ec2('the_key', 'the_secret')
    vpc_id = 'vpc-5300000c'
    security_group = conn.create_security_group(
        'test1', 'test1', vpc_id=vpc_id)
    security_group2 = conn.create_security_group(
        'test2', 'test2', vpc_id=vpc_id)

    security_group.vpc_id.should.equal(vpc_id)
    security_group2.vpc_id.should.equal(vpc_id)

    security_groups = conn.get_all_security_groups(
        group_ids=[security_group.id], filters={'vpc-id': [vpc_id]})
    security_groups.should.have.length_of(1)

    with assert_raises(EC2ResponseError) as cm:
        conn.get_all_security_groups(group_ids=['does_not_exist'])
    cm.exception.code.should.equal('InvalidGroup.NotFound')
    cm.exception.status.should.equal(400)
    cm.exception.request_id.should_not.be.none

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


SAN FRANCISCO – The U.S. surpassed France as the world's largest wine-consuming nation in 2010, with wine shipments to the U.S. from California, other states and foreign producers growing 2% from the previous year to nearly 330 million cases, a record high for the industry, according to wine industry consultants Gomberg, Fredrikson & Associates in Woodside. The estimated retail value of these sales was $30 billion, up 4% from 2009. Total French consumption was 320.6 million cases in 2010.
California wine accounted for a 61% volume share of the total U.S. wine market with sales at 199.6 million cases, up 1% from the previous year. Retail value was $18.5 billion. California's total wine shipments worldwide to all markets in the U.S. and abroad (including exports) were 241.8 million cases, up 2% from the previous year.
"U.S. wine market conditions remain highly competitive, but we are optimistic that this growth trend will continue. Americans are increasingly interested in a lifestyle with wine and food, demonstrated by the presence of wineries in all 50 states and 17 consecutive years of growth in U.S. wine consumption," said Robert P. (Bobby) Koch, President and CEO of Wine Institute.
"This year we will celebrate the 20th anniversary of the CBS TV 60 Minutes news broadcast on French Paradox news report which expanded awareness of how moderate wine consumption can be part of a healthy lifestyle. Wine consumption is still a low 2.6 gallons per capita, but the adult population is growing every year as echo boomers come of age and adopt wine just as their baby boomer parents did," said Jon Fredrikson of The Gomberg-Fredrikson Report. Many new creative wines were introduced last year to keep consumers excited, including value-priced Moscato, Pinot Grigio, Riesling and off-dry wines, as well as affordable Pinot Noir from inland California regions. Sales of high-end wines remained challenging, but marketers used social media technology to reach increasingly wired consumers, said Fredrikson.
Fredrikson estimates for California bottled table wine volume to the U.S. market by varietal were led by Chardonnay, up 5% to over 53 million cases. Cabernet Sauvignon also grew rapidly, rising 6% to nearly 33 million cases. Other California bottled varietals growing notably in sales included Pinot Noir, Zinfandel, Riesling and Muscat.
Sparkling Wine/Champagne Sales in the U.S.
Sparkling wine and champagne had a remarkable year, up 10% in the U.S, suggesting that consumers may be broadening their use of these wines beyond special occasions. The category's 15.4 million cases represent 4.6% of all wine sales in the U.S., of which the majority is produced in California, according to The Gomberg-Fredrikson Report.
In 2010, U.S. wine exports, 90 percent from California, jumped 25.6% in value to an estimated $1.14 billion in winery revenues. Volume shipments rose 1.9% to 47.3 million nine-liter cases, according to U.S. Department of Commerce data. U.S. wine export volume has nearly doubled in the last decade.
Thirty-eight percent of U.S. wine exports by value were shipped to the 27-member countries of the European Union, accounting for $435 million of the revenues, up 14% from 2009. Volume shipments to the EU reached 27.6 million cases in 2010, up 11% from the previous year. Changes in the dollar exchange rate, a gradually recovering economy and California's effective marketing and high wine quality have helped exports rebound. Other top markets were: Canada, $308 million; Hong Kong, $116 million; Japan, $76 million; and China, $45 million.
Estimated Retail Value of CA Wine to U.S.
1 Includes table, champagne/sparkling, dessert, vermouth, other special natural, sake and others. Excludes foreign bulk shipped by California wineries. Source: Gomberg-Fredrikson & Associates and Wine Institute.
Sources: Volume—Wine Institute, Department of Commerce, Estimates by Gomberg, Fredrikson & Associates. Preliminary.
1 Includes all still wines not over 14 percent alcohol; excludes Canadian malt coolers.
2 Includes all still wines over 14 percent alcohol and sake. History revised based on TTB reports.


I've tried all the ports and different devices and still same issue. I can get all the way to the option of hitting play, but as soon as I do it turns fuzzy(snow)????
Know this has been a fews days! The only time I've seen the snowy picture as you describe is when I tried to watch my google play paid content movies on YouTube! It has to do with video settings! or You don't have needed updates of software to play content! You will also get this if your device does not have HTML5 to play video. Also If You are using a LInux Operating system the video will not play. Do an update on Your device and see if that helps? Regards!
Question I need to connect my Firestick to a projector, but want the sound to come through my receiver.
RCA TV no picture or sound watching TV yet I can pull up my DVR screen and watch a saved show. What gives?
Home cinema blu ray sound set up help.
I am unable to get my surround sound Dennon to work with my Samsung Smart TV while on Netflix. Can you help me?


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Home / Blog / Who Pays for Damages in a Multi-Vehicle Pile-Up?
Who Pays for Damages in a Multi-Vehicle Pile-Up?
Nearly six million motor vehicle crashes occur in the U.S. every year, according to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Nearly one-third of those crashes are multi-vehicle collisions, also known as pile-ups, which are defined as crashes involving three or more vehicles. Liability for these accidents — which often result in extensive vehicle damage, physical injury and even death — is often shared by the drivers according to their degree of fault.
Determining fault in a multi-vehicle accident can be extremely difficult, requiring the assistance of an experienced car crash attorney. Accident reconstruction experts may have to be called in to figure out how the crash unfolded. Which vehicle started the chain of events? Was the driver of that vehicle being negligent or reckless? Or maybe the whole thing started with something as simple as a blown tire. Weather conditions or road conditions also could have played a role. What about drivers later in the chain — could they have avoided colliding with the other cars?
Answering these questions is crucial because in Florida, fault is assigned according to a pure comparative negligence system. That means in a personal injury lawsuit, an injured party's compensation will be reduced by the percentage of that party's fault. If a jury finds a plaintiff sustained $100,000 in damages but finds the plaintiff was 20 percent at fault, the plaintiff will receive $80,000.
In a multi-vehicle pile-up, liability for damages could be assigned to several parties. Insurance adjusters will review police reports, medical records and other evidence. From there, the insurance company may offer payouts, which are usually lower than could be recovered in a lawsuit. In multi-vehicle scenarios, every driver could have a different insurance company and a different level of insurance. Some may have no insurance at all, as Florida law does not require all drivers to carry liability coverage. Insurers typically will fight to pay out as little as possible, often by trying to assign blame in a variety of ways. That's why injured people may need to assert their rights through personal injury lawsuit.
There is no easy way to determine who will pay for damages in a multi-car pile-up. Chances are, multiple parties (or their insurance companies) will be liable for portions of the damages. You can best protect yourself by retaining an experienced Florida lawyer as soon as possible after the accident.
Based in Tampa, the trial attorneys as Frank Charles Miranda, P.A. are dedicated to representing injured people. We have handled many cases involving multi-car collisions and we're ready to hear your story. To speak with our trial attorneys, please call 813-254-2637 or contact us online today.
By Frank Charles Miranda | Published February 15, 2021 | Posted in Tampa Personal Injury | Tagged liability, liability coverage, multi-vehicle pile-up, pure comparative negligence


Time for a break?? Registrations Open for Tech-A-Break 2019. 13 Events | 30 Days. Open for employees of Technopark Phase.1, Phase.2 Phase.3 & Kollam Technopark. Contact your respective HR for details and enrollment.
Maximum duration of the performance will be 7 minutes and 3 minutes for setting the stage.
A participating team has to ideate and execute a live project that addresses one of the pressing needs in our community. The project should be socially relevant in the context of its applicability and execution.
Each team should manage the end-to-end execution including generation of sufficient funds for the project.
The project should not be an active/live project run by an organization or individual, and the expectation is to successfully complete the project during the competition period.
Each company can register a maximum of one team for the program. There is no restriction on the no of participants in the team.
If there are more than 15 teams, NATANA may resort to a screening mechanism based on the relevance of the idea.
There will be two rounds for the event. You can start the project immediately after the confirmation of your participation from NATANA, followed by a presentation round.
A team can present the project by using a power point presentation, Video clips, charts, models, etc.
Some of the best projects/ideas may be further supported using funds from willing patron organizations even after the completion of Tech-A-Break.
Participants are expected to bring their own brushes, paint, and other supporting materials. Only the paper/sheet will be provided by NATANA.
Each team will be allotted a total time of 15 minutes on the stage including arrangement of the properties, entry and exit time from stage.
Each team can have additional 4 handlers to assist arrangement of properties on stage; they cannot enter the stage during time of performance.
The list of properties (if any) should be informed to NATANA organizing committee and approval sought, (by email) as soon as you finalize them. Props like powdered substances, fire, water, oil, loose flowers etc. are strictly not allowed. Any supersized prop with odd physical dimension should ideally be avoided.
Costumes should not be inappropriate and should conform to the general guidelines of public display. Vulgarity is strongly prohibited. Any form of obscenity will lead to debarring the team from the contest.
Each team will be allotted a total time of 10 minutes on the stage including arrangement of the properties, entry and exit time from stage.
Any organization with a workforce of above 100 employees would come under "General Category" by default. Your eligibility for a particular category shall be cross verified by Technopark.
The competition is restricted to 30 teams based on first come first serve basis. This would include 18 teams under general category and 12 teams under SME category.
The total no of participants should not exceed 100 and all the participants should form part of the theme.
Vehicles – Restricted to one vehicle (LMV/HCV) and a maximum of two motor cycles per team. Vehicles under the LMV/HCV category should mandatorily have fitness certificate, pollution certificate, registration certificate, and the driver in possession of a valid license. The above documents should be submitted to the organizing committee when requested.
Props – The props used in the rally should strictly follow green protocol. Plastic, Flex and Thermocol/Polystyrene should be avoided. The props should be handled by team members except for the above said LMV/HCV's. Strictly no fireworks/crackers during the rally. No props should be left behind during the rally or after the rally. The above will be monitored and any non-adherence will attract negative points.
Participants – Teams have to ensure that the participants in the rally are medically fit and physically capable of participating in the event. Participants are expected to refrain from consumption of alcohol or any other illicit substance/drugs. Use of abusive language, dangerous substances & misbehavior to the public will amount to disqualification of the team.
Choreography - Visual appeal in terms of synchronization, rhythm, group maneuver, and alignment.
Your participation is confirmed only after the successful online registration and payment of the registration fee and review of the initial storyline/script.
The skit should largely draw inspiration from popular movie scenes but the storyline/dialogues adapted for the Technopark community.
Each team will be allotted a performance time of 15 minutes.
Creativity in dialogues and synchronization.
Capture the Flag is an online contest that takes you through a series of mind-bending puzzles in an online portal where questions are plotted across a map. You have to click on a country from the map to see the puzzle to capture the flag of that region. Submit what you think the answer to the puzzle is in the 'Answer' box and submit. If you submit a correct answer, you will be able to capture the flag of that country.
The team who captures the flag of a country first will get bonus points.
A team should consist of 20 participants with at least 5 women participants.
Each round consists of 5 distinct tasks (similar to minute to win games) that need to be completed sequentially to progress to the next round.
In every round a specific no of teams will be eliminated based on the time taken to complete the tasks.


Nature's remedies are becoming more and more popular with people who are steering away from prescription drugs for one reason or another. Many people are turning toward natural vitamin supplements and holistic treatments, particularly regarding conditions such as arthritis. Natural arthritis remedies are one of many alternative alternatives gaining increased popularity.
Natural supplements are an important aspect in order to holistic health and have also been developing in popularity over the recent past. Baby boomers are increasingly turning to supplements as a way to fight off diseases such as arthritis. Flexcin with cetyl myristoleate (CM8) is one of the most well respected natural arthritis remedies on the market. It can do wonders for joints by reversing the damage caused by arthritis. Acting like a WD-40-like lubricant for joints, CM8 can promote optimal joint health by helping stimulate the lubricating fluid in the joints, support more powerful cartilage and increase total mobility.
Vitamin supplements are becoming more popular as a replacement in order to prescribed pain medications simply because they are less expensive, there's no need to maneuver around confusing health insurance, and there's no dangerous side effects since these are manufactured with all-natural ingredients.
Glucosamine is one of the most popular natural substances used to take care of joint pain and inflammation. It can be a compound that is found naturally in the body. It's made from sugar and the amino acid glutamine. It is needed to produce glycosaminoglycan, a molecule used in the formation and repair of cartilage and other body tissues. As we get older, the production of glucosamine slows down substantially. This may be one reason why more seniors find success with natural supplements that include glucosamine as one of the main ingredients. People dealing with various forms of joint pain and cartilage damage are turning in the direction of glucosamine as it is available in a variety of vitamins and minerals. The general consumer can easily believe it is in health food stores and many drug stores. In many of these supplements, you may find that glucosamine is actually combined with methylsulfonylmethane, or even MSM.
Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) is offered as a natural source of sulfur by the health supplement and health food business. Some researchers have suggested that MSM has anti-inflammatory effects. It occurs naturally in some plants and is present in small amounts of various foods and drinks. MSM is sold as a dietary supplement and is commonly used (often in conjunction with glucosamine and/or chondroitin) for helping to treat or avoid osteoarthritis.
It functions in three different ways. First, it acts as a highly effective lubricant in the joints, muscles along with other tissues, allowing them to move smoothly. Decrease or loss of early morning stiffness is often noted shortly after starting out treatment. Next, CM8 functions as an anti-inflammatory. Relief from swollen joints is often seen after the 4th or 5th 7 days of treatment. Third, it is also an immune system modulator, which can be effectual against autoimmune diseases, such as arthritic conditions. CM8 relieves joint pain at its source, reducing inflammation and irritation of the joints and tissues. It also has been helpful for many sufferers of muscle tension and fibromyalgia. All of these characteristics make CM8 the most important ingredient in Flexcin, a leading arthritis supplements.
Addition to vitamin supplements, a common type of medication when dealing with arthritis is arthritis pain relief creams, also known as topical painkillers. These come in creams, gels and lotions. These medications are applied to the skin in the areas where there is significant joint pain. They are not intended to take the place of your joint disease remedy of choice, but they can help you find temporary relief from painful flare-ups in addition to soothe your aching joints on a daily basis.
Here are some different forms of arthritis pain relief creams that are most commonly used today.
Creams, Lotions and Gels: These products are referred to as counterirritants because they contain ingredients that make your skin feel hot or cold in order to soothe the pain.
A few topical analgesics contain salicylates, the same ingredients that give aspirin its pain-relieving high quality. But there are some issues with making use of these types of products. If you are allergic to aspirin or are taking blood thinners, you could have complications with these rubs. It's very important to be able to check with your doctor before using topical drugs that contain salicylates.
These creams are good for minor aches and pains. They contain a compound called capsaicin, an component found in hot peppers. Capsaicin causes the small blood vessels in the skin to open up therefore increasing blood flow to the area. That results in the region heating up as well as creating a soothing feeling.
The primary component of Flexcin & FlexPet is CM8, that relieves joint pain at its source, reduces inflammation and irritation of the joints and tissues. It has been ideal for many individuals with arthritis, gout, bursitis, sports injuries and fibromyalgia. Flexcin and FlexPet are proudly made in the United States in a state of the art facility beneath strict guidelines of the FDA's Good Manufacturing Practices.


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Marvel Cinematic Universe: Part 6
Today Mormon Geeks will take you far away across the galaxy (before abruptly returning) as we look at Guardians of the Galaxy and more Agents of SHIELD. This was an interesting part of the Marvel Cinematic Universe, taking on a completely different tone, compared to the other movies so far. It also greatly expanded the universe that Marvel had set up. But we'll get more into that later. First, Guardians of the Galaxy.
In 1988 shortly after his mother passes, Peter Quill is abducted by aliens. In the present day, Quill steals an artifact, known as the Orb, under the alias "Star Lord". His old pal Yondu puts out a bounty for him, which Ronan (a Kree warlord) sends Gamora (Thanos's adopted daughter) after the Orb. While trying to sell the Orb on Xandar, Star Lord, Groot (a humanoid tree), Rocket (a genetically engineered), and Gamora get in a big scuffle, which ends them all up in prison.
Using the help of Drax, the four escape the prison and go to Knowhere to sell the Orb. At Knowhere, the group learns that the Orb is one of six dangerous Infinity Stones, so they opt not to sell it, but to take it to Nova Corps. However, Drax has called Ronan in the meantime for revenge, which results in everyone getting attacked. To save Gamora, Quill lets himself get captured by Yondu's men, but they convince him to help save Xandar from Ronan's men.
So Yondu, the Nova Corps, and the "Guardians of the Galaxy" take on Ronan. Groot dies in the process, but the other four Guardians together manage to temporarily tame the Power Stone in the Orb. After defeating Ronan, the Nova Corps lets the Guardians of the Galaxy go with clean records, as Groot begins to grow again.
Random Trivia/Connections:
Members of the Kree race previously appeared in Agents of SHIELD episode "TAHITI".
Thanos previously appeared during the credits scene of "The Avengers".
The Collector also reappears after being entrusted with the Aether in the credits scene of "Thor: The Dark World".
Other Inifinity Stones had previously appeared, including the Space Stone (Tesseract) in "The First Avenger", "Thor", and "The Avengers"; the Reality Stone (Aether) in "The Dark World"; and the Mind Stone (later revealed to be in Loki's Staff) in "The Avengers". Both the Tesseract and the Aether appear in the vision about the stones.
This was a different story from the ones Marvel had told to this point. It was quite a bit lighter and while there was still plenty of action, it was probably the most humorous and light-hearted Marvel movie to that point. I don't know if Ant-Man or Deadpool would have done as well if Guardians of the Galaxy hadn't come first. As I mentioned in my intro, this movie also pushed things open a little more for the Marvel Cinematic Universe. Sure, we had seen Asgard in "Thor", but most of the action took place on Earth. In contrast, only the first scene of this movie happened on Earth. Everything else spanned light-years and lots of space travel. Finally, I've also gotta add that this movie is the one that sold me on Chris Pratt as a celebrity man-crush. He's light-hearted and super fit, with good values, and his character used dancing and friendship to save a planet. Pretty awesome.
Agent Morse and Agent Simmons escape
Hydra in "A Hen in the Wolf House".
Agents of SHIELD: Season 2 (Episodes 1-11)
1. Shadows: In 1945, Peggy Carter retrieves the Obelisk from Hydra, the original 0-8-4. In the present, Skye, May, Trip, and some hired mercenaries get ambushed trying to get Hydra intel. The ambusher is identified as Creel. Skye interrogates Ward. Creel attempts an attack on Talbot, but May intervenes. The team infiltrates an army base to get the Obelisk. Hartley dies after touching the Obelisk. Creel escapes with the Obelisk, while the team steals a Quinjet.
2. Heavy is the Head: May chases Creel, surveying him from afar. Hunter is caught by the army and offered a deal by Talbot, if he will turn in Coulsen. May witnesses the Obelisk kill another. Raina approaches Creel about the Obelisk, but contacts SHIELD when he turns her down. SHIELD tries to ambush Creel, but Hunter betrays them. Raina steals the Obelisk in the commotion and gives it to Skye's father. Coulsen has an "episode". Coulsen makes a counter-offer with Talbot, giving him Creel.
3. Making Friends and Influencing People: Hydra gets another former SHIELD agent. Coulsen checks in on Simmons. Donnie Gill hides from Hydra. SHIELD and Hydra track him to Morocco. Fitz attempts to kill Ward. At Bakshi's request, Simmons attempts to trigger Donnie's brainwashing, but he runs. Bakshi successfully triggers it to get Donnie to kill everyone on the boat, before Skye kills Donnie. Bakshi and Whitehall discuss brainwashing Simmons. Ward tells Skye that her father is alive.
4. Face My Enemy: A painting is found with Coulsen's runes on it. May and Coulsen look for clues at a party, but are discovered by Talbot. However, the government buys the painting first. May discovers that it's Bakshi and not Talbot. Agent 33 takes May's appearance. After she gets to the Bus, Coulsen discovers she's not May. Coulsen and May take down Agent 33 and Bakshi. Due to Agent 33, the Bus starts to shut down, but Fitz and Hunter manager to stop a self-destruct. Whitehall ambushes Raina.
5. A Hen in the Wolf House: Hydra attempts a massacre at a wedding. Skye's father lashes out when she interrupts him. Raina blackmails Coulsen into a meeting with her. Hydra is tipped off about a spy, but Simmons manages to evade them. Bobbi Morse questions Simmons anyway. Raina threatens to turn Simmons in, unless Coulsen agrees to let Skye go with her to her father. With Raina's evidence, Hydra goes after Simmons, but Bobbi helps Simmons escape to the SHIELD Quinjet. Coulsen sends Raina off with a tracker. Skye discovers that Coulsen's runes are a map. Skye's father teams up with Whitehall.
6. A Fractured House: Hydra masquerades as SHIELD agents to attack the UN. Bobbi and Hunter go after a Hydra scientist in Japan. Coulsen visits Senator Ward. Skye interrogates Ward about her father, before handing him over to his brother. Bobbi, Hunter, and May take down Hydra agents at a Belgian safe house. Talbot takes the Hydra agents into custody. Ward escapes his brother's custody.
7. The Writing on the Wall: While May, Bobbi, Hunter, and Trip look for Ward, a string of murders involving Coulsen's carvings pop up. Using the memory machine, Coulsen deduces that the killer must be a TAHITI subject as well. Hunter catches Ward meeting with Bakshi. The agents catch Bakshi. Coulsen discovers that the killer is a former SHIELD agent, Derik. Seeing Thompson's body, Derik and Coulsen realize the carvings are the blueprints of a city. Coulsen starts the race against Hydra to this "city".
8. The Things We Bury: In flashbacks, Whitehall is interrogated by Agent Carter and later pardoned by Secretary Pierce. In the present, Whitehall teams up with Skye's father to find the city. The SHIELD agents discover Whitehall is Reinhardt from the past. Ward captures his brother and tortures him. Bobbi interrogates Bakshi. In tracking down the city, Trip and Coulsen are ambushed by Skye's father. Later, Ward joins Whitehall.
9. …Ye Who Enter Here: May, Skye, Hunter, and Trip protect Raina from Hydra, while Bobbi, Coulsen, Mack, Simmons, and Fitz look for the city in Puerto Rico. Raina tells Skye more about the Obelisk. Fitz dwarfs shut down, heading into the city. Mack becomes infected by climbing in to the city. Ward takes Raina from SHIELD and insists on taking Skye too, who goes on her own.
Skye gets caught in the Terrigen
Mist in "What They Become".
10. What They Become: May, Trip, Hunter, and the Koenigs escape Hydra and regroup in Puerto Rico. In Ward's custody, Skye meets her father Cal, who tells her of her impending "transformation". Coulsen, May, Hunter, and Bobbi attempt to save Skye. Coulsen kills Whitehall and is attacked by Cal. Skye convinces her father to stop and he calls her by her birth name Daisy. Ward leaves with Agent 33. Skye chases Raina into the tunnels. In the temple chamber, the Obelisk opens, killing Trip and transforming Skye and Raina.
11. Aftershocks: The team grieves over Trip's death. Hydra's heads agree to a competition to destroy SHIELD. A transformed Raina attacks Simmons's team in the city. Hunter tricks Bakshi into taking him to their base. Simmons discovers that Raina's DNA has changed. Bobbi and Hunter take down three Hydra heads. Fitz lies about Skye's DNA being the same. Raina is rescued from some agents by a teleporting man with no eyes.
Peggy Carter and Captain America's comrades from "The First Avenger" appear in "Shadows".
John Garrett is revealed to be Creel's supervising agent in "Shadows".
The Chitauri, the Avengers, and the Battle of New York are mentioned in "A Fractured House".
A previous mission of Hawkeye (Barton) is referenced by Bobbi in "A Fractured House".
A Captain America propaganda poster appears multiple times in the SHIELD base.
Von Strucker, later seen in "Age of Ultron", is referenced in "The Writing on the Wall" and "Aftershocks".
Skye mentions a Rising Tide contact called "Micro" in "The Writing on the Wall". This is likely the same Micro that appears prominently in "The Punisher".
Coulsen's comment about "chasing windmills" in his madness is a reference to Don Quixote.
In the flashback of "The Things We Bury", Red Skull's demise (which happened in "The First Avenger") is mentioned to Whitehall.
Also in "The Things We Bury" flashback, it is mentioned that Whitehall was pardoned by Secretary Pierce, who was shown to be a Hydra agent in "The Winter Soldier".
The Kree (previously seen in "TAHITI" and "Guardians of the Galaxy") are referred to as "Blue Angels" in "The Things We Bury".
While infiltrating the Australian base in "The Things We Bury", Fitz's codename is "Timelord", likely a reference to Doctor Who.
In some ways this part of the story dragged on a bit. At the same time, it flowed a lot better than season one. I got a little tired of Skye's father at times and the constant running around about the runes/blueprint. However, the episodes culminating toward the end of this segment were great. Bringing in the Inhumans mixes things up for Agents of SHIELD. Instead of being just Hydra vs. SHIELD, we get more powered people. And at least up until the end of season 3, Inhumans are a core part of Agents of SHIELD mythology. In a way, this made Agents of SHIELD more legitimate as a series and part of the Marvel Cinematic Universe, since it started to include some comic book characters, like Daisy Johnson (aka Skye, aka Quake).
That's all for today. Next week I've got some prodigious coming. Also, keep an eye out for Doctor Strange, which is coming out sooner than it feels (at least to me). Expect a review after I see it.
Posted by Spencer at 1:25 PM
Labels: Agents of SHIELD, Guardians of the Galaxy, Marvel Cinematic Universe, MCU Phase 2, Spencer's Posts
What we can learn from No Man's Sky
Disneyland Souvenirs
Why Batman is Not a Good Character
Post-Conference


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Was Meghan Harry's Excuse To Finally Get Out?
Sarah Veldman
TheBlast January 15, 2020
Meghan Markle, Prince Harry, and their baby Archie
Much has been made about the bombshell announcement from Prince Harry and Meghan Markle a few days ago.
It's not every day that a member of the royal family chooses to step down from their duties, and we haven't seen a scandal comparable to this since Edward VIII abdicated the throne for his wife, American divorcee Wallis Simpson.
While many royal commentators have pointed the finger at Meghan, assuming she is the force behind the decision, is it possible it has been Prince Harry all along?
Celebrities At The Royal Wedding
Meghan Markle and Prince Harry's Royal Wedding Procession
The Public Has Assumed Meghan Is Behind The Decision
Meghan Markle and Prince Harry
Meghan Markle seems to be the one getting the majority of the criticism thrown at her, with most of the public assuming she was the brains behind the operation.
And, from an outside perspective, it does look like this. Prince Harry appeared to be happy and joking all the time on official engagements, he was close to his brother Prince William and sister-in-law Kate, and he was carving out a place for himself within the royal fold that was more than just a spare part.
Prince Harry Changed Drastically After They Married
However, when Meghan Markle came on the scene, things changed drastically. Prince Harry is barely speaking to his brother and Kate, he has looked sullen and serious on his royal engagements, complained about media criticism while on an official tour in Africa, and has gone from one of the most beloved members of the royal family to one of the most disliked.
But, is Meghan really to blame? Sure, the timing looks way too coincidental and she has garnered her fair share of deserved backlash, but did she tear Harry away from the royals?
Prince Harry Has Made No Secret Of His Desire To Be Normal
At the end of the day, Prince Harry wants to protect his wife and child, and would clearly do anything to make them happy. But, he has also made no secret of the fact that he wouldn't mind being just a normal person, without the royal title and responsibilities that come with it.
In an article for the Daily Mail, Sarah Vine writes, "The truth is, Harry has been very damaged by his upbringing. Even before Meghan came on the scene, it was clear there was a part of him that was very angry about what happened to his mother."
She continued, "When he and William released an HBO documentary about Diana back in 2017, on the 20th anniversary of her death, he, in particular, expressed very mixed emotions, not only towards his father but towards the institution of monarchy itself."
This is an excellent point. While his brother Prince William appears to have moved on in a healthier manner, especially considering the fact that he knows exactly what path he is on, Harry has always appeared more fragile.
Prince Harry May Actually Be The Driving Force Behind The Drama
During his time in the army, Prince Harry recalled, "I wasn't a Prince, I was just Harry." And, it's these words we must remember when we look at the explosive drama that is happening now within the royal family.
Many point the finger at Meghan, however, she may have just been the catalyst that made Harry finally say he was done being a 'senior royal' and done with everything that entails.
It may be time we finally realized that Prince Harry is as much a part of this decision as Meghan is.
Aubrey Plaza Awkwardly Attempts Jennifer Lopez's Hustlers Pole Dance: 'I Don't Want to Do This'


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Highway construction (s) and World Heritage values : roads taken and roads forsaken in the cultural landscapes of the Wet Tropics of North Queensland and Antipodean imaginary, J.P. Reser, J.M. Bentrupperbäumer and Sandra Pannell
The Resource Highway construction (s) and World Heritage values : roads taken and roads forsaken in the cultural landscapes of the Wet Tropics of North Queensland and Antipodean imaginary, J.P. Reser, J.M. Bentrupperbäumer and Sandra Pannell
The item Highway construction (s) and World Heritage values : roads taken and roads forsaken in the cultural landscapes of the Wet Tropics of North Queensland and Antipodean imaginary, J.P. Reser, J.M. Bentrupperbäumer and Sandra Pannell represents a specific, individual, material embodiment of a distinct intellectual or artistic creation found in Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (AIATSIS).
Reser, Joseph P
Pannell, Sandra N., (Sandra Norma)
Bentrupperbäumer, Joan, (Joan Marie), 1951-
Considers how roads and tracks impact on Indigenous landscapes; explains how roadmaps and 'lines' for Indigenous people are both temporal and spiritual
Highway construction (s) and World Heritage values : roads taken and roads forsaken in the cultural landscapes of the Wet Tropics of North Queensland and Antipodean imaginary
Highway construction (s) and World Heritage values
roads taken and roads forsaken in the cultural landscapes of the Wet Tropics of North Queensland and Antipodean imaginary
J.P. Reser, J.M. Bentrupperbäumer and Sandra Pannell
Conservation of natural resources -- Queensland | Wet Tropics World Heritage Area
Cultural landscapes -- Queensland | Wet Tropics World Heritage Area
Culture - Relationship to land
Environment - Conservation
Rain forests -- Queensland | Wet Tropics World Heritage Area
Roads -- Queensland | Wet Tropics World Heritage Area
Sites - Dreaming tracks
Transport - Road - Roads and tracks
Wet Tropics World Heritage Area (Qld.)
Attitudes - Indigenous perspectives
People and physical environment research,
Bentrupperbäumer, Joan
Pannell, Sandra N.
Conservation of natural resources

 Data from Highway construction (s) and World Heritage values : roads taken and roads forsaken in the cultural landscapes of the Wet Tropics of North Queensland and Antipodean imaginary, J.P. Reser, J.M. Bentrupperbäumer and Sandra Pannell - Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (AIATSIS)

Data Citation of the Item Highway construction (s) and World Heritage values : roads taken and roads forsaken in the cultural landscapes of the Wet Tropics of North Queensland and Antipodean imaginary, J.P. Reser, J.M. Bentrupperbäumer and Sandra Pannell


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The Language Gallery
10 fun facts about the beautiful game
Anisa Choudhary
To many around the world, football is more than just a game; it's their way of life. This post will take you on a journey throughout history and reveal quirky facts about this sport.
1) Brazilian football legend Pele was the first to coin the phrase: 'the beautiful game'.
2) Astronaut Neil Armstrong wanted to take a football with him to the moon - but NASA felt this would be un-American and didn't allow it.
3) The largest number of people to attend a football match is 199,854. The match was played between Brazil and Uruguay in the 1950 World Cup in Rio de Janeiro.
4) The world's first football club was founded in 1857 by two British Army Officers. The club was called the English Sheffield Football Club.
5) FIFA has more member countries than the United Nations.
6) One of the largest football tournaments in the world took place in 1999. A total of 5,098 teams participated and more than 35,000 players took part.
7) The most goals scored by one football player in a single match is 16 from the year 1942. They were scored by Frenchman Stephan Stanis who played for club Racing Club de Lens.
8) Greenland cannot join FIFA as not enough grass grows there for a football field to be created.
9) Nearly 50% of the globe watches the World Cup.
10) European countries have featured in all World Cup final matches – apart from two.
If you'd like to spend a summer playing football, you're in the right place. Take a look at our Football Summer Camp.
Tips and Vocabulary


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BURLINGTON, NJ – AstaReal USA has announced it has obtained NSF International Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) registration for its processing facilities in Moses Lake, Washington, making the supplier the first and only manufacturer of natural astaxanthin that has this registration.
Earning GMP registration from NSF International verifies that AstaReal's facility has the proper methods, equipment, facilities, and controls in place for producing dietary supplement products. NSF GMPs were developed in accordance with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) 21 CFR part 111 regulations for the manufacturing, packaging, and distribution of dietary supplements. Utilizing GMP guidelines assists companies in developing and maintaining proper controls in their manufacturing process so that products are processed, manufactured and labeled in a consistent manner, and meet quality standards.
Nair pointed out that AstaReal's plant and manufacturing facility had to undergo rigorous tests and quality assurance before NSF International considered the company to move forward to achieve GMP registration status.
AstaReal USA's combined expertise and experience in the production of microalgae (and specifically Haematococcus pluvialis) allows the company to offer the highest amount of astaxanthin per kilogram of biomass. H. pluvialis is grown in stainless-steel photobioreactors under carefully and fully controlled indoor conditions that enable a more effective, cleaner and safer process.
American Health Organization/World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center on Food Safety, Water Quality and Indoor Environment.
The NSF Health Sciences Division offers training and education, consulting, auditing, GMP and GLP analytical testing, DNA testing, certification, R&D, regulatory guidance and corporate compliance for the pharma biotech, medical device, dietary supplement and bottled water/beverage industries throughout the product lifecycle. NSF wrote the only accredited American National Standard (NSF/ANSI 173) that verifies the health and safety of dietary supplements and also tests and certifiesproducts to this standard.


All guestrooms come equipped with modern amenities, including Wifi internet access. Each room also has a private balcony or a terrace where you can enjoy a slow pace of life in this city. Savour the authentic taste of Italian and Scandinavian cuisines at the two onsite restaurants. Attentive service from the hotel's friendly staff will ensure that your stay at Chateau Dale Boutique Residence Pattaya is a comfortable and memorable one.


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The Fellow designation recognizes individuals who have made significant contributions to the field of contracting and to NCMA. It is the second highest award given by the Association. The first three Fellows (Stuart Davidson, Bert DuMars, and Sy Gottlieb) were approved by the Executive Council on January 9, 1967. Although the specific criteria have evolved over time, the broad categories of service required for selection as an NCMA Fellow have remained the same.
Click here to see a current list of NCMA Dulles Corridor Chapter Fellows.
Fellows Charge
Continuous support in a leadership role for NCMA and the contract management profession;
Participation as a member of the Council of Fellows and as an active member of your local chapter;
Contributions to efforts to enhance and expand the professional acceptance of NCMA membership and certification;
Mentorship for the development of new NCMA leaders.
Council of Fellows
All new Fellows become members of the Council of Fellows. All Fellows are encouraged to participate as members of the Council. While the specific activities of the Council may change over time, the overall charter and mission of the Council of Fellows is expected to remain essentially as follows:
Channel resources for use by NCMA's National President and President-Elect toward the fulfilment of the Association's goals and objectives;
Offer opportunities to participate in and guide the Association's future direction and to assist in establishing and administering criteria and standards for Fellows;
Foster a forum for roundtable discussions of issues affecting the contract management profession.
Applies to all NCMA members.
Presentation and Award
This award is presented at NCMA's World Congress. Winners are responsible for paying for any travel costs associated with receiving the award. Winners will receive: a Fellow certificate, recognition in the Contract Management magazine, and an NCMA Fellow membership pin.
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Nomination and Application
The criteria in the application consist of nine categories with 29 maximum points obtainable. An NCMA member must accumulate a minimum of 17 points for the Fellow Award. Please use the NCMA Fellows Application to submit your nomination. You must send all supporting documentation with the Fellow application. NCMA will not accept an application with missing documentation. Members should submit their applications to the Chapter President who must sign the application. Nominations may be submitted any time throughout the year at the Chapter level.
Nominations are due to the National Office by December 1st.
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info@ncmadulles.org
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Bruce Lawrence (* 1926 oder 1927 in New York City; † 31. August 2015 in Bothell) war ein US-amerikanischer Kontrabassist, der sowohl im Bereich des Jazz als auch der klassischen Musik hervorgetreten ist.

Leben und Wirken
Lawrence, der im Harlemer Viertel Sugar Hill aufwuchs, lernte zunächst Klavier, bevor er zum Bass wechselte. In New York besuchte er die High School of Music & Art, bevor er zwei Jahre an der Juilliard School Kontrabass studierte. Seine professionelle Karriere begann er als Jazzmusiker; erste Aufnahmen entstanden 1948 mit dem Pianisten Dave Martin und mit Milt Buckner, 1949 mit Babs Gonzales und Wynonie Harris. In den 1950er-Jahren spielte er u. a. als Begleiter von Ella Fitzgerald, John Coltrane, Rose Murphy und Mary Lou Williams ("Chuck-a-Lunk" 1959). Im Bereich des Jazz war er zwischen 1948 und 1959 an neun Aufnahmesessions beteiligt.

In den folgenden Jahren arbeitete er im Feld der klassischen Musik mit der Ottawa Symphony, dem Studioorchester der Canadian Broadcasting Corporation und der Syracuse (N.Y.) Symphony. Nach seinem Umzug nach Seattle war er der erste afroamerikanische Musiker der Seattle Symphony. Nach seinem Ausscheiden 2005 war er als Musikpädagoge u. a. an der Leschi Elementary School in Seattle tätig; außerdem arbeitete er an der Garfield High School und mit Studenten am Langston Hughes Performing Arts Institute in Seattle.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Jazz-Bassist
Klassischer Kontrabassist
Musiker (Vereinigte Staaten)
US-Amerikaner
Geboren im 20. Jahrhundert
Gestorben 2015
Mann

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


80s pop. Not just any 80s pop am I craving… BritPop. Duran Duran and Love and Rockets and Depeche Mode and Pet Shop Boys. And most of that is on those archaic cassette that I have no idea where they are and nothing to play them on… even if I knew where they were and they weren't worn out.
I think I need to go buy me some new old music.
Damn this short attenspan and memory.
Totally forgot what I was gonna say.
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