text:
30 hand-picked films.
A new one every day
See what's playing
Italy, France, 1961
Over the course of one day and night, a novelist and his distressed wife lament over the disintegration of their relationship. Antonioni's muse Monica Vitti smoulders as seductive socialite.
This film is not currently playing on MUBI but 30 other great films are. See what's now showing
La notte Directed by Michelangelo Antonioni
Berlin International Film Festival
1961 | Winner: Golden Bear
Locarno International Film Festival
International Film Festival Rotterdam
Michelangelo Antonioni Screenplay and Director
Marcello Mastroianni Cast
Jeanne Moreau Cast
Monica Vitti Cast
Bernhard Wicki Cast
Ennio Flaiano Screenplay
Tonino Guerra Screenplay
Gianni Di Venanzo Cinematography
Articles from the Notebook
Movie Poster of the Week: Movie Trilogies
Graphic triads for films in a new series at New York's Film Forum.
Adrian Curry 26 Apr 2019
FILMADRID & MUBI: The Video Essay—"Telefoni Neri"
A video essay on Italian cinema from the 1950s and 1970s that tell stories about protagonists incapable of communicating with each other.
Notebook 09 Jun 2017
The Best of "Movie Poster of the Day," Part 5
The latest favorites from around the world.
Adrian Curry 03 Jan 2014
From Dan Flavin to Michelangelo Antonioni
A surprising homage to Michelangelo Antonioni from famed American minimalist sculptor Dan Flavin.
Daniel Kasman 01 May 2012
Critics reviews
Though the film takes place over a short period of time, you feel that the infinite is expressed in that one night. The elegance, the style, the decadence, and the existential crisis of everyone on-screen—all of those elements are so powerful when they are combined. There's an intensity that can be generated by compressing the time frame of a film, and La notte is one of the great examples of that.
Like Lidia, La Notte is externally placid yet bubbling with unrealized dread, sorrow, and sexuality. It's a muted siren of a movie.
Sam Weisberg
Easy to parody, impossible to replicate, what Andrew Sarris called "Antoniennui"—glamorous European movie stars composed in tableaux in front of brutalist architecture, speaking past each other in existential aphorisms—can be embraced as a Marxist-influence tract on the alienation of contemporary life or snorted at as chic pretention, equal and opposite visceral reactions to ambitious modern aesthetics which in either case and for better and worse say more about you than about the film.
Mark Asch
El Biffo's rating of the film La notte
El Biffo
Marcello Mastoianni and Jeanne Moreau are so great, Monica Vitti, too. I saw this in the theater so long ago...and had forgotten that it was the first Antonioni I really liked-can't say "enjoyed" because it is just so sad.
Wee Hunk's rating of the film La notte
Wee Hunk
This was my favorite film of all time for a while. Saw it in a movie theater, all proper. Went for years and years trying to find it again. Saw it on Bravo before they went all psycho. Just re-affirmed my love for it. Marcello, Marcello!
ig_____or's rating of the film La notte
ig_____or
For me it was more engaging than "L'Avventura", and in spite of being equally slow-paced, gloomy and self-absorbed in its leading couple's depressions and ramblings, the party and the city of Milan provided a better dynamic for the story. Jeanne Moreau and Marcello Mastroianni were amazing in displaying such emptiness and feeling of defeat throughout the film, but that last scene really was the most memorable!
ramosbarajas's rating of the film La notte
ramosbarajas
I don't think this is as accomplished as L'avventura, the only other Antonioni film I've seen. But there are many things I like, such as the cinematography. I feel like it's not as subtle as it sets out to be, and in the end, it is somewhat caricaturist. I think I may need a second viewing to make up my mind, honestly.
Lynch/Fellini's rating of the film La notte
Lynch/Fellini
Upon a second viewing, my view of the film completely changed for the better. I can safely say that this is perhaps Antonioni's best study of depression as well as being his overall best film. Marcello Mastroianni and Jeanne Moreau give their best performances here as tragic characters destined for misery. As someone who was in a state of depression, I cannot think of a film that illustrates it better- Bravo!
Francisco R.'s rating of the film La notte
Francisco R.
So far my favorite Antonioni, the cinematography, compositions and use of locations are perfect. The use of poetry in the script is remarkably inspired as well as the dialogue being nothing but nuanced, the film takes its sweet time to give you these little hints aiming at how complex the real emotions of these characters are, everybody is grieving here, and the ones who don't haven't realized yet.
smndvdcl's rating of the film La notte
smndvdcl
Antonioni conveys the detachment of many circles of regressed existentialists with artistic flair. Be prepared to encounter the unsympathetic protagonist(s). 8½ on tranquilisers.
Nicole Richie's rating of the film La notte
So tremendously sad and so tremendously beautiful; that contortionist scene is breathtaking. You are what you read for real, aren't you?
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100 DIRECTORS' ESSENTIAL FILMS by Kenji
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FILMS ADMIRED BY TARKOVSKY by Kenji
Nuri Bilge Ceylan, 2006
Joseph Losey, 1962
Last Year at Marienbad
Alain Resnais, 1961
Red Desert
Michelangelo Antonioni, 1964
Journey to Italy
Roberto Rossellini, 1954
L'Eclisse
Divorce Italian Style
Pietro Germi, 1961
Stanley Kubrick, 1999
Federico Fellini, 1960
L'avventura
Abbas Kiarostami, 2010


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text:
Q: Draw a square in Python Turtle I am following a tutorial for Python learning and I can't get the screen to open to draw. I don't get an error, it just shows that the program finish running.
Maybe I missed something, can someone point it out?
 import turtle #acutally called turtle to draw a turtle beautiful also used
to draw other stuff

 # to draw a square or eventually a turtle you need to do this things below
  # to draw a square you want to : move forward,turn right,move forward,turn
 right,move forward turn right
def draw_square(): #draw square for turtles
    window = turtle.Screen() #this is the background where the turtle will
  move
window.bgcolor("red") # the color of the screen
brad = turtle.Turtle() #this is how to start drawing like time.sleep you use turtle.Turtle
brad.forward(100)#move turtle forward takes in a number which is the distance to move forward
brad.forward(90)# moves right
brad.forward(100)
brad.forward(90)
brad.forward(100)
brad.forward(90)
brad.forward(100)
brad.forward(90)
window.exitonclick() #click the screen to close it
draw_square()

A: Your primary error is these two lines are in the wrong order:
window.exitonclick() #click the screen to close it
draw_square()

The exitonclick(), or mainloop(), or done() should be the last thing your turtle code does as they turn control over to Tk's event loop.  A rework of your code for the above and style issues:
import turtle

# to draw a square, or eventually a turtle, you need to do the things below

def draw_square():
    """ draw square for turtles """

    # to draw a square you want to : move forward, turn right,
    #  move forward, turn right,move forward turn right

    brad = turtle.Turtle()
    brad.forward(100)  # forward takes a number which is the distance to move
    brad.right(90)  # turn right
    brad.forward(100)
    brad.right(90)
    brad.forward(100)
    brad.right(90)
    brad.forward(100)
    brad.right(90)

window = turtle.Screen()
# this is the background where the turtle will move
window.bgcolor("red") # the color of the window

draw_square()

window.exitonclick()  # click the screen to close it

A: To make the Turtle screen stay after the code is executed, you have to either use the turtle.done() or window.exitonclick().
I have created a sample Python program for that, just have a look:
import turtle

me = turtle.Turtle()  # creating the turtle object

def drawSquare(size):
    for i in range(4):
        me.fd(size)
        me.rt(90)

me.pencolor('white')  # making the pencolor white, so that it is visible in black screen
window = turtle.Screen()
window.bgcolor('black')  # creating black background
me.penup()

# repositioning the turtle
me.bk(10)
me.rt(90)
me.bk(50)

# putting the pen down to start working
me.pendown()

# calling the draw square method with the edge length for the square
drawSquare(100)

# window.exitonclick()  # exits the screen when clicked
turtle.done()  # you have to cross the window to close it

A: import turtle
t = turtle.Turtle()
t.begin_fill()
for i in range(4):
    t.fd(100)
    t.lt(90)
t.end_fill()
t.done()

This is the easiest way to draw a square. You begin by importing the turtle, and letting it begin fill. You then go into a for loop which makes the code repeat itself for as many times as you would like (in this case 4). fd is an abbreviation for forward, and the number entered is in pixels. Again, lt is an abbreviation that means left turn, and the number in parentheses is the degrees to be turned. The end_fill command finalizes the fill-in, and t.done keeps the window open until the user closes it.

A: import turtle

def draw_square():

        window = turtle.Screen()
        window.bgcolor("green")

        bob = turtle.Turtle()

        bob.forward(100)
        bob.right(90)
        bob.forward(100)
        bob.right(90)
        bob.forward(100)
        bob.right(90)
        bob.forward(100)
        bob.right(90)

        window.exitonclick()

draw_square()

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
GEICO.com
RV, Boat & More
Search GEICO Living
GEICO LivingDrivingAutoCar Safety & Insurance7 Bad Driving Habits That May Also Be Illegal
7 Bad Driving Habits That May Also Be Illegal
Let's face it: Driver's Ed was a while ago. Over the years, our perfect double-handed grip on the steering wheel may have slipped a little; perhaps other bad habits have crept in as well.
And whether we realize it or not, some of those habits may be illegal.
It's true that traffic laws can be confusing. They can vary by state, and even by municipality. A violation in one place—say, turning right on red in New York City—can be perfectly legal just over the city border.
The evolution of our traffic laws can also be a source of confusion. As the use of mobile phones has spread, for example, safety experts have recognized their role in distracting drivers—and states are adopting laws to combat the problem. Those laws are still developing. While most states have outlawed texting while driving, some have made it illegal to use a phone at all while driving, although others have barred it only for younger drivers.
Still, when it comes to driving, the patchwork quilt of traffic laws should take a back seat to safety. Here are seven habits to change today.
1. Using Your Mobile Phone While Driving
It may be difficult to ignore the ping of an incoming text message, but it's essential to keep your eyes on the road. With distracted driving becoming an increasingly important issue, expect more states to crack down on any use of a mobile phone. In fact, Washington State just did so in an innovative way with its new DUIE (Driving Under the Influence of Electronics) regulation. But regardless of where you are, put that phone in airplane mode before you hit the gas. (Check out other surprising causes of distracted driving.)
2. Driving With Headphones On
Listening to music on your car radio can be distracting enough. But with headphones at your ears, you may be shutting out important noises—like car horns, railroad-crossing alarms or emergency vehicle sirens—as well as breaking the law in some states.
3. Tailgating
Following a car too closely can happen when a driver isn't paying close enough attention to the surrounding traffic. It can also result in a ticket. The space you should leave depends on your speed and the local conditions (e.g., a traffic jam or rain storm); try to keep what's generally referred to as a "reasonable and prudent" distance from other cars.
4. Changing Lanes Without Signaling
In heavy traffic, using your blinker to signal a lane change is a necessity; without it, other drivers won't know your intention. When traffic is light, though, it's easier to be lazy about turning it on. You may or may not be pulled over for this infraction, but good habits begin with good communication, regardless of conditions or laws.
5. Speeding
You're running late and traffic is light—you could shave a couple of minutes off your travel time if you speed up, right? Not so fast. High speeds make a crash more likely, says the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, since it takes longer to stop or slow down. Statistics prove the point: In 2015, says the IIHS, 27 percent of all crash fatalities—more than 9,000 deaths—were related to speed. That appointment you're late for can wait. Abide by the speed limit.
6. Not Having Your Headlights On
Obviously you need headlights for nighttime driving, but you may not always think to pop them on at dusk or in bad weather. Just remember to over-communicate while driving—and in this case, headlights advertise your presence as well as help you navigate. Laws vary on when to use headlights, but if there's any question, don't hesitate: It's as easy as flipping a switch.
7. Not Wearing A Seatbelt
While clicking a seatbelt is pretty standard practice for most drivers—more than 90 percent of us use one, according to NHTSA—at least 27 million Americans still don't buckle up. Yet seatbelts saved almost 14,000 lives in 2015 alone. And of course, "click it or ticket" is a familiar phrase for a reason. So don't neglect the seatbelt—it's important, even if you're just driving around the corner. (Here are some other misconceptions about seatbelts.)
Good habits start with defensive driving—which could also earn you a discount on auto insurance with GEICO.
Next article: How good are your driving skills? Test yourself with this quiz.
Illustration by Sam Island
(Quiz) 7 Weird Facts About Cars
How well do you know cars and driving? Test your knowledge with this quiz!
Defensive Driving In Heavy Traffic
To help you stay safe (and sane) on the road to your destination, here's a list of smart driver strategies to prepare you for the drive.
What's In A VIN?
Learn more about your car's VIN (Vehicle Identification Number).
How To Beat The Heat In Your Car
Keep these tips in mind when preparing for summer vacation and long drives to protect your car and keep your family safe.
What Not To Wear … While Driving
Keep a pair of these smart footwear options in your car—they can make for safer driving.
Five Inventions That Made The Modern Car
Check out these five inventions that modernized the vehicles we use today. See how far vehicle technology has come.
Email (Your email address will not be published)
George says,
Also, cutting others off and driving slower than them. The passing lane (yes, that's a thing) is used to pass, not impede traffic. Driving slow while passing only to accelerate AFTER you passed. Signaling as you're changing lanes. All these contribute to the overall bad behavior on the road, but very hard to prove, so speeding remains the number one of income for cops.
Phil Hunter says,
In my opinion the IIHS is an underworked, overpriced bureaucracy whose statistics are often misstated, inaccurate, self serving or absurd. Examples: almost one quarter of highway workers are injured on the job not by drivers of cars but by their own equipment. Yet states fine drivers for failing to reduce speed. NO mention is made of job related injuries caused by workers own self negligence, IIHS just lumps them as driver caused. Another example, a car from the 1960's may need 170 feet to stop from 40 MPH but a modern car can easily do so in under 90-100 feet. Do me a favor and quit including IIHS "incomplete, misleading or self-serving statistics" in your articles.
Rhodesia says,
I always wondered if it was safe to text when waiting at a stop light. Can you get ticket for this action in N.Y.C. I have the Bluetooth phone system in my car, but you can't text on the key pad. I may have to ask a Police Officer .
Glenn Wilson says,
Not that you'll pay any attention to this, but how about you save the texting for when you're not driving your car at all, including waiting at a red light. If you're in texting mode while in your car you will at least sneak a text from time to time while you're in motion, so just HANG-UP AND DRIVE. Do yourself and the rest of us a big favor.
DR.ZENOBIO A. ESPINOSA GUERRA R. PH says,
GRACIAS,LOS FELICITO, SABIOS CONSEJOS MUY UTILES.
YO ASI MANEJO TODA MI VIDA ,
Jennifer Bryan says,
I find the driving tips helpful. It keeps them in the forefront of my mind. Thank you
Nora Vega says,
So far every thing it is there I know it but thank you any way
Denise says,
The headlights on all the new cars are absolutely blinding! The headlights on new trucks are the worst. Everyone is blinding everybody else!!! Why did the car manufacturers see fit to do this. Not happy.
Robin says,
I totally agree. Thank you Denise for bringing this topic up!!
D-Bags who don't think of others on the road… unfortunately.
James Davis III says,
Since moving to Florida my rates increase a lot each year, been told because of all the accidents. I don't cause them and haven't had any. No one pulls the nuts that speed, tail gate, and any other rude driving they do. I was a commercial truck driver and have driven in most states. Florida just lets drivers do as they want, you can see the results in the accidents and deaths.
Richard says,
Your used car service does not state the number of owners for each vehicle advertised.
Dave Cline says,
I think people who tailgate are the most annoying followed closely by people using phones while they are supposed to be driving . If the penalty fit the infraction , a lot of these morons would change their driving habits.
Impeding traffic is also a violation. Get out of the way of the faster cars. That's why there's a passing lane. Get a clue, move aside. Yes, there is such a thing as a passing lane. That's why highways have at least two lanes. If they're tailgating you while on street roads, and there's a line behind them, you might be the problem. Be aware of your surroundings and stop thinking that you're right about everything… it would solve a LOT of problems.
Janice Watlington says,
Thank you for all the helpful tips.
Ken Johnson says,
What is defensive driving? These 5 rules have served me since taking driver's ed in high school.
Keep your eyes moving.
Leave yourself an out
Aim high in steering
Make sure they see you
(KLAMG, mnemonicaly)
arline peartree says,
excellent advice. iN florida there is road rage and also people dont signal when changing lanes….dont know how t o change this….since there are so many seniors here…advice for them is most impt….
I never knew one could change angle of headlights….thanks so much
Susan Rittenberg says,
Crossing multiple lanes on a highway without using your turn signal is a good way to get a ticket. One lane is safe. Turning on your turn signal before you step on the brake to turn is also a good idea in the city.
Domingo rincon says,
All this laws are good for me.but we can do abaut. Trucks hollin gravel or send out tarps in freeways.
All this laws are good for me.but we can do about. Trucks holling gravel or sand that fall out of tarps in freeways. Normaly in our area it is a company named granite.in a lap of 2 years this happened. I've had to replsce 3 winshields. This is a safety issue too. Please do someting for us. Please talk to the highway patrol and DMV. Its not the driver's fault, the gravel or sand falls out because the truck driver didn't secure the material it's holling. Drivers shouldn't be paying for the mistakes of the truck driver. Thank you very much for your time and I hope you consider this problem.1

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Centre for Volunteering and Community Leadership (CVCL) is noted for its work in developing community cohesion and active citizenship projects at the University of Central Lancashire (UCLan). CVCL is a social enterprise that has delivered signifi- cant regional, national and international high-impact outcomes in the areas of youth development and community mentoring programmes alongside academic, vocational and bespoke Continuing Professional Development (CPD) courses at UCLan. Its key functions are to encourage mentoring and community engagement, raise the aspira- tions of our students and increase access to opportunities for education and employment. The mission of CVCL is to 'Empower, Engage and Enable' students in the direct delivery of community projects. A particular project – the focus of this chapter – is the case study of UCLan Student Mentoring in the Community.


text:
namespace google {
namespace protobuf {

// Defined in this file.
class Message;
class Reflection;
class MessageFactory;

// Defined in other files.
class UnknownFieldSet;         // unknown_field_set.h
namespace io {
  class ZeroCopyInputStream;   // zero_copy_stream.h
  class ZeroCopyOutputStream;  // zero_copy_stream.h
  class CodedInputStream;      // coded_stream.h
  class CodedOutputStream;     // coded_stream.h
}

template<typename T>
class RepeatedField;     // repeated_field.h

template<typename T>
class RepeatedPtrField;  // repeated_field.h

// A container to hold message metadata.
struct Metadata {
  const Descriptor* descriptor;
  const Reflection* reflection;
};

// Abstract interface for protocol messages.
//
// See also MessageLite, which contains most every-day operations.  Message
// adds descriptors and reflection on top of that.
//
// The methods of this class that are virtual but not pure-virtual have
// default implementations based on reflection.  Message classes which are
// optimized for speed will want to override these with faster implementations,
// but classes optimized for code size may be happy with keeping them.  See
// the optimize_for option in descriptor.proto.
class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Message : public MessageLite {
 public:
  inline Message() {}
  virtual ~Message();

  // Basic Operations ------------------------------------------------

  // Construct a new instance of the same type.  Ownership is passed to the
  // caller.  (This is also defined in MessageLite, but is defined again here
  // for return-type covariance.)
  virtual Message* New() const = 0;

  // Make this message into a copy of the given message.  The given message
  // must have the same descriptor, but need not necessarily be the same class.
  // By default this is just implemented as "Clear(); MergeFrom(from);".
  virtual void CopyFrom(const Message& from);

  // Merge the fields from the given message into this message.  Singular
  // fields will be overwritten, except for embedded messages which will
  // be merged.  Repeated fields will be concatenated.  The given message
  // must be of the same type as this message (i.e. the exact same class).
  virtual void MergeFrom(const Message& from);

  virtual int Compare(const Message& other) const;

  virtual void SortFields();

  // Verifies that IsInitialized() returns true.  GOOGLE_CHECK-fails otherwise, with
  // a nice error message.
  void CheckInitialized() const;

  // Slowly build a list of all required fields that are not set.
  // This is much, much slower than IsInitialized() as it is implemented
  // purely via reflection.  Generally, you should not call this unless you
  // have already determined that an error exists by calling IsInitialized().
  void FindInitializationErrors(vector<string>* errors) const;

  // Like FindInitializationErrors, but joins all the strings, delimited by
  // commas, and returns them.
  string InitializationErrorString() const;

  // Clears all unknown fields from this message and all embedded messages.
  // Normally, if unknown tag numbers are encountered when parsing a message,
  // the tag and value are stored in the message's UnknownFieldSet and
  // then written back out when the message is serialized.  This allows servers
  // which simply route messages to other servers to pass through messages
  // that have new field definitions which they don't yet know about.  However,
  // this behavior can have security implications.  To avoid it, call this
  // method after parsing.
  //
  // See Reflection::GetUnknownFields() for more on unknown fields.
  virtual void DiscardUnknownFields();

  // Computes (an estimate of) the total number of bytes currently used for
  // storing the message in memory.  The default implementation calls the
  // Reflection object's SpaceUsed() method.
  virtual int SpaceUsed() const;

  // Debugging & Testing----------------------------------------------

  // Generates a human readable form of this message, useful for debugging
  // and other purposes.
  string DebugString() const;
  // Like DebugString(), but with less whitespace.
  string ShortDebugString() const;
  // Like DebugString(), but do not escape UTF-8 byte sequences.
  string Utf8DebugString() const;
  // Convenience function useful in GDB.  Prints DebugString() to stdout.
  void PrintDebugString() const;

  // Heavy I/O -------------------------------------------------------
  // Additional parsing and serialization methods not implemented by
  // MessageLite because they are not supported by the lite library.

  // Parse a protocol buffer from a file descriptor.  If successful, the entire
  // input will be consumed.
  bool ParseFromFileDescriptor(int file_descriptor);
  // Like ParseFromFileDescriptor(), but accepts messages that are missing
  // required fields.
  bool ParsePartialFromFileDescriptor(int file_descriptor);
  // Parse a protocol buffer from a C++ istream.  If successful, the entire
  // input will be consumed.
  bool ParseFromIstream(istream* input);
  // Like ParseFromIstream(), but accepts messages that are missing
  // required fields.
  bool ParsePartialFromIstream(istream* input);

  // Serialize the message and write it to the given file descriptor.  All
  // required fields must be set.
  bool SerializeToFileDescriptor(int file_descriptor) const;
  // Like SerializeToFileDescriptor(), but allows missing required fields.
  bool SerializePartialToFileDescriptor(int file_descriptor) const;
  // Serialize the message and write it to the given C++ ostream.  All
  // required fields must be set.
  bool SerializeToOstream(ostream* output) const;
  // Like SerializeToOstream(), but allows missing required fields.
  bool SerializePartialToOstream(ostream* output) const;

  // Reflection-based methods ----------------------------------------
  // These methods are pure-virtual in MessageLite, but Message provides
  // reflection-based default implementations.

  virtual string GetTypeName() const;
  virtual void Clear();
  virtual bool IsInitialized() const;
  virtual void CheckTypeAndMergeFrom(const MessageLite& other);
  virtual int CheckTypeAndCompare(const MessageLite& other) const;
  virtual bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(io::CodedInputStream* input);
  virtual int ByteSize() const;
  virtual void SerializeWithCachedSizes(io::CodedOutputStream* output) const;

 private:
  // This is called only by the default implementation of ByteSize(), to
  // update the cached size.  If you override ByteSize(), you do not need
  // to override this.  If you do not override ByteSize(), you MUST override
  // this; the default implementation will crash.
  //
  // The method is private because subclasses should never call it; only
  // override it.  Yes, C++ lets you do that.  Crazy, huh?
  virtual void SetCachedSize(int size) const;

 public:

  // Introspection ---------------------------------------------------

  // Typedef for backwards-compatibility.
  typedef google::protobuf::Reflection Reflection;

  // Get a Descriptor for this message's type.  This describes what
  // fields the message contains, the types of those fields, etc.
  const Descriptor* GetDescriptor() const { return GetMetadata().descriptor; }

  // Get the Reflection interface for this Message, which can be used to
  // read and modify the fields of the Message dynamically (in other words,
  // without knowing the message type at compile time).  This object remains
  // property of the Message.
  //
  // This method remains virtual in case a subclass does not implement
  // reflection and wants to override the default behavior.
  virtual const Reflection* GetReflection() const {
    return GetMetadata().reflection;
  }

 protected:
  // Get a struct containing the metadata for the Message. Most subclasses only
  // need to implement this method, rather than the GetDescriptor() and
  // GetReflection() wrappers.
  virtual Metadata GetMetadata() const  = 0;

 private:
  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(Message);
};

// This interface contains methods that can be used to dynamically access
// and modify the fields of a protocol message.  Their semantics are
// similar to the accessors the protocol compiler generates.
//
// To get the Reflection for a given Message, call Message::GetReflection().
//
// This interface is separate from Message only for efficiency reasons;
// the vast majority of implementations of Message will share the same
// implementation of Reflection (GeneratedMessageReflection,
// defined in generated_message.h), and all Messages of a particular class
// should share the same Reflection object (though you should not rely on
// the latter fact).
//
// There are several ways that these methods can be used incorrectly.  For
// example, any of the following conditions will lead to undefined
// results (probably assertion failures):
// - The FieldDescriptor is not a field of this message type.
// - The method called is not appropriate for the field's type.  For
//   each field type in FieldDescriptor::TYPE_*, there is only one
//   Get*() method, one Set*() method, and one Add*() method that is
//   valid for that type.  It should be obvious which (except maybe
//   for TYPE_BYTES, which are represented using strings in C++).
// - A Get*() or Set*() method for singular fields is called on a repeated
//   field.
// - GetRepeated*(), SetRepeated*(), or Add*() is called on a non-repeated
//   field.
// - The Message object passed to any method is not of the right type for
//   this Reflection object (i.e. message.GetReflection() != reflection).
//
// You might wonder why there is not any abstract representation for a field
// of arbitrary type.  E.g., why isn't there just a "GetField()" method that
// returns "const Field&", where "Field" is some class with accessors like
// "GetInt32Value()".  The problem is that someone would have to deal with
// allocating these Field objects.  For generated message classes, having to
// allocate space for an additional object to wrap every field would at least
// double the message's memory footprint, probably worse.  Allocating the
// objects on-demand, on the other hand, would be expensive and prone to
// memory leaks.  So, instead we ended up with this flat interface.
//
// TODO(kenton):  Create a utility class which callers can use to read and
//   write fields from a Reflection without paying attention to the type.
class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Reflection {
 public:
  inline Reflection() {}
  virtual ~Reflection();

  // Get the UnknownFieldSet for the message.  This contains fields which
  // were seen when the Message was parsed but were not recognized according
  // to the Message's definition.
  virtual const UnknownFieldSet& GetUnknownFields(
      const Message& message) const = 0;
  // Get a mutable pointer to the UnknownFieldSet for the message.  This
  // contains fields which were seen when the Message was parsed but were not
  // recognized according to the Message's definition.
  virtual UnknownFieldSet* MutableUnknownFields(Message* message) const = 0;

  // Estimate the amount of memory used by the message object.
  virtual int SpaceUsed(const Message& message) const = 0;

  // Check if the given non-repeated field is set.
  virtual bool HasField(const Message& message,
                        const FieldDescriptor* field) const = 0;

  // Get the number of elements of a repeated field.
  virtual int FieldSize(const Message& message,
                        const FieldDescriptor* field) const = 0;

  // Clear the value of a field, so that HasField() returns false or
  // FieldSize() returns zero.
  virtual void ClearField(Message* message,
                          const FieldDescriptor* field) const = 0;

  // Removes the last element of a repeated field.
  // We don't provide a way to remove any element other than the last
  // because it invites inefficient use, such as O(n^2) filtering loops
  // that should have been O(n).  If you want to remove an element other
  // than the last, the best way to do it is to re-arrange the elements
  // (using Swap()) so that the one you want removed is at the end, then
  // call RemoveLast().
  virtual void RemoveLast(Message* message,
                          const FieldDescriptor* field) const = 0;
  // Removes the last element of a repeated message field, and returns the
  // pointer to the caller.  Caller takes ownership of the returned pointer.
  virtual Message* ReleaseLast(Message* message,
                               const FieldDescriptor* field) const = 0;

  // Swap the complete contents of two messages.
  virtual void Swap(Message* message1, Message* message2) const = 0;

  // Swap two elements of a repeated field.
  virtual void SwapElements(Message* message,
                    const FieldDescriptor* field,
                    int index1,
                    int index2) const = 0;

  // List all fields of the message which are currently set.  This includes
  // extensions.  Singular fields will only be listed if HasField(field) would
  // return true and repeated fields will only be listed if FieldSize(field)
  // would return non-zero.  Fields (both normal fields and extension fields)
  // will be listed ordered by field number.
  virtual void ListFields(const Message& message,
                          vector<const FieldDescriptor*>* output) const = 0;

  // Singular field getters ------------------------------------------
  // These get the value of a non-repeated field.  They return the default
  // value for fields that aren't set.

  virtual int32  GetInt32 (const Message& message,
                           const FieldDescriptor* field) const = 0;
  virtual int64  GetInt64 (const Message& message,
                           const FieldDescriptor* field) const = 0;
  virtual uint32 GetUInt32(const Message& message,
                           const FieldDescriptor* field) const = 0;
  virtual uint64 GetUInt64(const Message& message,
                           const FieldDescriptor* field) const = 0;
  virtual float  GetFloat (const Message& message,
                           const FieldDescriptor* field) const = 0;
  virtual double GetDouble(const Message& message,
                           const FieldDescriptor* field) const = 0;
  virtual bool   GetBool  (const Message& message,
                           const FieldDescriptor* field) const = 0;
  virtual string GetString(const Message& message,
                           const FieldDescriptor* field) const = 0;
  virtual const EnumValueDescriptor* GetEnum(
      const Message& message, const FieldDescriptor* field) const = 0;
  // See MutableMessage() for the meaning of the "factory" parameter.
  virtual const Message& GetMessage(const Message& message,
                                    const FieldDescriptor* field,
                                    MessageFactory* factory = NULL) const = 0;

  // Get a string value without copying, if possible.
  //
  // GetString() necessarily returns a copy of the string.  This can be
  // inefficient when the string is already stored in a string object in the
  // underlying message.  GetStringReference() will return a reference to the
  // underlying string in this case.  Otherwise, it will copy the string into
  // *scratch and return that.
  //
  // Note:  It is perfectly reasonable and useful to write code like:
  //     str = reflection->GetStringReference(field, &str);
  //   This line would ensure that only one copy of the string is made
  //   regardless of the field's underlying representation.  When initializing
  //   a newly-constructed string, though, it's just as fast and more readable
  //   to use code like:
  //     string str = reflection->GetString(field);
  virtual const string& GetStringReference(const Message& message,
                                           const FieldDescriptor* field,
                                           string* scratch) const = 0;

  // Singular field mutators -----------------------------------------
  // These mutate the value of a non-repeated field.

  virtual void SetInt32 (Message* message,
                         const FieldDescriptor* field, int32  value) const = 0;
  virtual void SetInt64 (Message* message,
                         const FieldDescriptor* field, int64  value) const = 0;
  virtual void SetUInt32(Message* message,
                         const FieldDescriptor* field, uint32 value) const = 0;
  virtual void SetUInt64(Message* message,
                         const FieldDescriptor* field, uint64 value) const = 0;
  virtual void SetFloat (Message* message,
                         const FieldDescriptor* field, float  value) const = 0;
  virtual void SetDouble(Message* message,
                         const FieldDescriptor* field, double value) const = 0;
  virtual void SetBool  (Message* message,
                         const FieldDescriptor* field, bool   value) const = 0;
  virtual void SetString(Message* message,
                         const FieldDescriptor* field,
                         const string& value) const = 0;
  virtual void SetEnum  (Message* message,
                         const FieldDescriptor* field,
                         const EnumValueDescriptor* value) const = 0;
  // Get a mutable pointer to a field with a message type.  If a MessageFactory
  // is provided, it will be used to construct instances of the sub-message;
  // otherwise, the default factory is used.  If the field is an extension that
  // does not live in the same pool as the containing message's descriptor (e.g.
  // it lives in an overlay pool), then a MessageFactory must be provided.
  // If you have no idea what that meant, then you probably don't need to worry
  // about it (don't provide a MessageFactory).  WARNING:  If the
  // FieldDescriptor is for a compiled-in extension, then
  // factory->GetPrototype(field->message_type() MUST return an instance of the
  // compiled-in class for this type, NOT DynamicMessage.
  virtual Message* MutableMessage(Message* message,
                                  const FieldDescriptor* field,
                                  MessageFactory* factory = NULL) const = 0;
  // Releases the message specified by 'field' and returns the pointer,
  // ReleaseMessage() will return the message the message object if it exists.
  // Otherwise, it may or may not return NULL.  In any case, if the return value
  // is non-NULL, the caller takes ownership of the pointer.
  // If the field existed (HasField() is true), then the returned pointer will
  // be the same as the pointer returned by MutableMessage().
  // This function has the same effect as ClearField().
  virtual Message* ReleaseMessage(Message* message,
                                  const FieldDescriptor* field,
                                  MessageFactory* factory = NULL) const = 0;

  // Repeated field getters ------------------------------------------
  // These get the value of one element of a repeated field.

  virtual int32  GetRepeatedInt32 (const Message& message,
                                   const FieldDescriptor* field,
                                   int index) const = 0;
  virtual int64  GetRepeatedInt64 (const Message& message,
                                   const FieldDescriptor* field,
                                   int index) const = 0;
  virtual uint32 GetRepeatedUInt32(const Message& message,
                                   const FieldDescriptor* field,
                                   int index) const = 0;
  virtual uint64 GetRepeatedUInt64(const Message& message,
                                   const FieldDescriptor* field,
                                   int index) const = 0;
  virtual float  GetRepeatedFloat (const Message& message,
                                   const FieldDescriptor* field,
                                   int index) const = 0;
  virtual double GetRepeatedDouble(const Message& message,
                                   const FieldDescriptor* field,
                                   int index) const = 0;
  virtual bool   GetRepeatedBool  (const Message& message,
                                   const FieldDescriptor* field,
                                   int index) const = 0;
  virtual string GetRepeatedString(const Message& message,
                                   const FieldDescriptor* field,
                                   int index) const = 0;
  virtual const EnumValueDescriptor* GetRepeatedEnum(
      const Message& message,
      const FieldDescriptor* field, int index) const = 0;
  virtual const Message& GetRepeatedMessage(
      const Message& message,
      const FieldDescriptor* field, int index) const = 0;

  // See GetStringReference(), above.
  virtual const string& GetRepeatedStringReference(
      const Message& message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
      int index, string* scratch) const = 0;

  // Repeated field mutators -----------------------------------------
  // These mutate the value of one element of a repeated field.

  virtual void SetRepeatedInt32 (Message* message,
                                 const FieldDescriptor* field,
                                 int index, int32  value) const = 0;
  virtual void SetRepeatedInt64 (Message* message,
                                 const FieldDescriptor* field,
                                 int index, int64  value) const = 0;
  virtual void SetRepeatedUInt32(Message* message,
                                 const FieldDescriptor* field,
                                 int index, uint32 value) const = 0;
  virtual void SetRepeatedUInt64(Message* message,
                                 const FieldDescriptor* field,
                                 int index, uint64 value) const = 0;
  virtual void SetRepeatedFloat (Message* message,
                                 const FieldDescriptor* field,
                                 int index, float  value) const = 0;
  virtual void SetRepeatedDouble(Message* message,
                                 const FieldDescriptor* field,
                                 int index, double value) const = 0;
  virtual void SetRepeatedBool  (Message* message,
                                 const FieldDescriptor* field,
                                 int index, bool   value) const = 0;
  virtual void SetRepeatedString(Message* message,
                                 const FieldDescriptor* field,
                                 int index, const string& value) const = 0;
  virtual void SetRepeatedEnum(Message* message,
                               const FieldDescriptor* field, int index,
                               const EnumValueDescriptor* value) const = 0;
  // Get a mutable pointer to an element of a repeated field with a message
  // type.
  virtual Message* MutableRepeatedMessage(
      Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field, int index) const = 0;

  // Repeated field adders -------------------------------------------
  // These add an element to a repeated field.

  virtual void AddInt32 (Message* message,
                         const FieldDescriptor* field, int32  value) const = 0;
  virtual void AddInt64 (Message* message,
                         const FieldDescriptor* field, int64  value) const = 0;
  virtual void AddUInt32(Message* message,
                         const FieldDescriptor* field, uint32 value) const = 0;
  virtual void AddUInt64(Message* message,
                         const FieldDescriptor* field, uint64 value) const = 0;
  virtual void AddFloat (Message* message,
                         const FieldDescriptor* field, float  value) const = 0;
  virtual void AddDouble(Message* message,
                         const FieldDescriptor* field, double value) const = 0;
  virtual void AddBool  (Message* message,
                         const FieldDescriptor* field, bool   value) const = 0;
  virtual void AddString(Message* message,
                         const FieldDescriptor* field,
                         const string& value) const = 0;
  virtual void AddEnum  (Message* message,
                         const FieldDescriptor* field,
                         const EnumValueDescriptor* value) const = 0;
  // See MutableMessage() for comments on the "factory" parameter.
  virtual Message* AddMessage(Message* message,
                              const FieldDescriptor* field,
                              MessageFactory* factory = NULL) const = 0;

  // Repeated field accessors  -------------------------------------------------
  // The methods above, e.g. GetRepeatedInt32(msg, fd, index), provide singular
  // access to the data in a RepeatedField.  The methods below provide aggregate
  // access by exposing the RepeatedField object itself with the Message.
  // Applying these templates to inappropriate types will lead to an undefined
  // reference at link time (e.g. GetRepeatedField<***double>), or possibly a
  // template matching error at compile time (e.g. GetRepeatedPtrField<File>).
  //
  // Usage example: my_doubs = refl->GetRepeatedField<double>(msg, fd);

  // for T = Cord and all protobuf scalar types except enums.
  template<typename T>
  const RepeatedField<T>& GetRepeatedField(
      const Message&, const FieldDescriptor*) const;

  // for T = Cord and all protobuf scalar types except enums.
  template<typename T>
  RepeatedField<T>* MutableRepeatedField(
      Message*, const FieldDescriptor*) const;

  // for T = string, google::protobuf::internal::StringPieceField
  //         google::protobuf::Message & descendants.
  template<typename T>
  const RepeatedPtrField<T>& GetRepeatedPtrField(
      const Message&, const FieldDescriptor*) const;

  // for T = string, google::protobuf::internal::StringPieceField
  //         google::protobuf::Message & descendants.
  template<typename T>
  RepeatedPtrField<T>* MutableRepeatedPtrField(
      Message*, const FieldDescriptor*) const;

  // Extensions ----------------------------------------------------------------

  // Try to find an extension of this message type by fully-qualified field
  // name.  Returns NULL if no extension is known for this name or number.
  virtual const FieldDescriptor* FindKnownExtensionByName(
      const string& name) const = 0;

  // Try to find an extension of this message type by field number.
  // Returns NULL if no extension is known for this name or number.
  virtual const FieldDescriptor* FindKnownExtensionByNumber(
      int number) const = 0;

  // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

 protected:
  // Obtain a pointer to a Repeated Field Structure and do some type checking:
  //   on field->cpp_type(),
  //   on field->field_option().ctype() (if ctype >= 0)
  //   of field->message_type() (if message_type != NULL).
  // We use 1 routine rather than 4 (const vs mutable) x (scalar vs pointer).
  virtual void* MutableRawRepeatedField(
      Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field, FieldDescriptor::CppType,
      int ctype, const Descriptor* message_type) const = 0;

 private:
  // Special version for specialized implementations of string.  We can't call
  // MutableRawRepeatedField directly here because we don't have access to
  // FieldOptions::* which are defined in descriptor.pb.h.  Including that
  // file here is not possible because it would cause a circular include cycle.
  void* MutableRawRepeatedString(
      Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field, bool is_string) const;

  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(Reflection);
};

// Abstract interface for a factory for message objects.
class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT MessageFactory {
 public:
  inline MessageFactory() {}
  virtual ~MessageFactory();

  // Given a Descriptor, gets or constructs the default (prototype) Message
  // of that type.  You can then call that message's New() method to construct
  // a mutable message of that type.
  //
  // Calling this method twice with the same Descriptor returns the same
  // object.  The returned object remains property of the factory.  Also, any
  // objects created by calling the prototype's New() method share some data
  // with the prototype, so these must be destoyed before the MessageFactory
  // is destroyed.
  //
  // The given descriptor must outlive the returned message, and hence must
  // outlive the MessageFactory.
  //
  // Some implementations do not support all types.  GetPrototype() will
  // return NULL if the descriptor passed in is not supported.
  //
  // This method may or may not be thread-safe depending on the implementation.
  // Each implementation should document its own degree thread-safety.
  virtual const Message* GetPrototype(const Descriptor* type) = 0;

  // Gets a MessageFactory which supports all generated, compiled-in messages.
  // In other words, for any compiled-in type FooMessage, the following is true:
  //   MessageFactory::generated_factory()->GetPrototype(
  //     FooMessage::descriptor()) == FooMessage::default_instance()
  // This factory supports all types which are found in
  // DescriptorPool::generated_pool().  If given a descriptor from any other
  // pool, GetPrototype() will return NULL.  (You can also check if a
  // descriptor is for a generated message by checking if
  // descriptor->file()->pool() == DescriptorPool::generated_pool().)
  //
  // This factory is 100% thread-safe; calling GetPrototype() does not modify
  // any shared data.
  //
  // This factory is a singleton.  The caller must not delete the object.
  static MessageFactory* generated_factory();

  // For internal use only:  Registers a .proto file at static initialization
  // time, to be placed in generated_factory.  The first time GetPrototype()
  // is called with a descriptor from this file, |register_messages| will be
  // called, with the file name as the parameter.  It must call
  // InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage() (below) to register each message type
  // in the file.  This strange mechanism is necessary because descriptors are
  // built lazily, so we can't register types by their descriptor until we
  // know that the descriptor exists.  |filename| must be a permanent string.
  static void InternalRegisterGeneratedFile(
      const char* filename, void (*register_messages)(const string&));

  // For internal use only:  Registers a message type.  Called only by the
  // functions which are registered with InternalRegisterGeneratedFile(),
  // above.
  static void InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(const Descriptor* descriptor,
                                               const Message* prototype);

 private:
  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(MessageFactory);
};

#define DECLARE_GET_REPEATED_FIELD(TYPE)                         \
template<>                                                       \
LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT                                               \
const RepeatedField<TYPE>& Reflection::GetRepeatedField<TYPE>(   \
    const Message& message, const FieldDescriptor* field) const; \
                                                                 \
template<>                                                       \
LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT                                               \
RepeatedField<TYPE>* Reflection::MutableRepeatedField<TYPE>(     \
    Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field) const;

DECLARE_GET_REPEATED_FIELD(int32)
DECLARE_GET_REPEATED_FIELD(int64)
DECLARE_GET_REPEATED_FIELD(uint32)
DECLARE_GET_REPEATED_FIELD(uint64)
DECLARE_GET_REPEATED_FIELD(float)
DECLARE_GET_REPEATED_FIELD(double)
DECLARE_GET_REPEATED_FIELD(bool)

#undef DECLARE_GET_REPEATED_FIELD

// =============================================================================
// Implementation details for {Get,Mutable}RawRepeatedPtrField.  We provide
// specializations for <string>, <StringPieceField> and <Message> and handle
// everything else with the default template which will match any type having
// a method with signature "static const google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor()".
// Such a type presumably is a descendant of google::protobuf::Message.

template<>
inline const RepeatedPtrField<string>& Reflection::GetRepeatedPtrField<string>(
    const Message& message, const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
  return *static_cast<RepeatedPtrField<string>* >(
      MutableRawRepeatedString(const_cast<Message*>(&message), field, true));
}

template<>
inline RepeatedPtrField<string>* Reflection::MutableRepeatedPtrField<string>(
    Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
  return static_cast<RepeatedPtrField<string>* >(
      MutableRawRepeatedString(message, field, true));
}

// -----

template<>
inline const RepeatedPtrField<Message>& Reflection::GetRepeatedPtrField(
    const Message& message, const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
  return *static_cast<RepeatedPtrField<Message>* >(
      MutableRawRepeatedField(const_cast<Message*>(&message), field,
          FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE, -1,
          NULL));
}

template<>
inline RepeatedPtrField<Message>* Reflection::MutableRepeatedPtrField(
    Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
  return static_cast<RepeatedPtrField<Message>* >(
      MutableRawRepeatedField(message, field,
          FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE, -1,
          NULL));
}

template<typename PB>
inline const RepeatedPtrField<PB>& Reflection::GetRepeatedPtrField(
    const Message& message, const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
  return *static_cast<RepeatedPtrField<PB>* >(
      MutableRawRepeatedField(const_cast<Message*>(&message), field,
          FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE, -1,
          PB::default_instance().GetDescriptor()));
}

template<typename PB>
inline RepeatedPtrField<PB>* Reflection::MutableRepeatedPtrField(
    Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
  return static_cast<RepeatedPtrField<PB>* >(
      MutableRawRepeatedField(message, field,
          FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE, -1,
          PB::default_instance().GetDescriptor()));
}

}  // namespace protobuf

}  // namespace google
#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MESSAGE_H__

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
How Many Little Women Movies Are There?
The Little Women movies
The different versions of Little Women
The actresses who have played Little Women
The directors of the Little Women movies
The screenwriters of the Little Women movies
The producers of the Little Women movies
The music in the Little Women movies
The costumes in the Little Women movies
The sets in the Little Women movies
The legacy of the Little Women movies
How many Little Women movies are there? As of 2019, there have been eight live-action adaptations of Louisa May Alcott's classic novel.
The Little Women movies are a series of American films based on the 1868 novel of the same name by Louisa May Alcott. The first movie in the series was released in 1933, and starred Katharine Hepburn as Jo March. The most recent movie was released in 1994, and starred Winona Ryder as Jo March. There have been a total of six Little Women movies released over the years.
Based on the 1870 novel by Louisa May Alcott, Little Women has captured the hearts of readers for centuries and has been adapted to film several times. The first film adaptation was released in 1917, followed by a second in 1933. In 1949, a third adaptation was released, this time starring Elizabeth Taylor as Amy March.
The most recent adaptation of Little Women was released in 1994 and starred Winona Ryder as Jo March. This version was directed by Gillian Armstrong and received critical acclaim, receiving an Academy Award nomination for Best Picture.
The novel Little Women was first published in 1868 and follows the lives of four sisters – Meg, Jo, Beth and Amy March – during the American Civil War. The book was an instant success and has been adapted for the big screen several times over the years. Here are some of the actresses who have played Little Women on the silver screen:
· Katharine Hepburn portrayed Jo March in the 1933 film Little Women. This was Hepburn's first starring role in a feature film and she went on to receive an Academy Award nomination for her performance.
· Elizabeth Taylor played Amy March in the 1949 film version of Little Women. This was Taylor's first film after transitioning from child actor to leading lady.
· June Allyson played Jo March in the 1950 remake of Little Women. Allyson's performance earned her a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actress.
· Winona Ryder starred as Jo March in the 1994 adaptation of Little Women. Ryder received an Academy Award nomination for her portrayal of Jo.
The first Little Women movie was directed by Gillian Armstrong and released in 1994. It starred Winona Ryder, Claire Danes, Kirsten Dunst, and Susan Sarandon.
The second Little Women movie, directed by Vincent Minelli and released in 1949, starred Elizabeth Taylor, June Allyson, Peter Lawford, Margaret O'Brien, and Janet Leigh.
The third Little Women movie was directed by Mervyn LeRoy and released in 1933. It starred Katherine Hepburn, Joan Bennett, Frances Dee, Jean Parker, and Douglass Montgomery.
One of the most iconic and classic stories of all time, Little Women has been adapted to the big screen several times. The most recent adaptation, released in 2019, was written by Greta Gerwig. Previous screenwriters include:
· Frances Marion – the first film adaptation of the novel, released in 1917
· John RT Moxey – the second film adaptation, released in 1949
· Dalene Young – the third film adaptation, released in 1978
· Robin Swicord – the fourth film adaptation, released in 1994
While each of these films has its own unique take on Louisa May Alcott's novel, they all remain true to the core message of sisterhood and female empowerment.
The first Little Women movie was released in 1933 and was adapted from Louisa May Alcott's novel of the same name. It starred Katharine Hepburn as Jo March, Joan Bennett as Meg March, Frances Dee as Beth March, and Jean Parker as Amy March. The movie was directed by George Cukor and was a critical and box office success.
The second Little Women movie was released in 1949 and again starred Katharine Hepburn, this time as Aunt March. Elizabeth Taylor played Amy March, Margaret O'Brien played Beth March, and Janet Leigh played Meg March. This movie was directed by Mervyn LeRoy and was also a critical and box office success.
The third Little Women movie was released in 1978 and starred Kim Darby as Jo March, Shelley Long as Meg March, Susan Dey as Beth March, and Dorothy McGuire as Marmee. This movie was directed by David Lowell Rich and was a commercial success but a critical failure.
The fourth Little Woman movie was released in 1994 and starred Winona Ryder as Jo March, Samantha Mathis as Meg March, Claire Danesas Beth March, Kirsten Dunstas Amy march , Susan Sarandonas Aunt march , Christian Baleas Laurie Laurence , Trini Alvaradocooking maid , Gabriel Byrneas Professor Bhaer . This movie was directed by Gillian Armstrongand received mixed reviews but was a box office success.
While the first two Little Women movies were scored by Thomas Newman, the third film in the franchise will feature a new composer. Alexandre Desplat, who has previously worked on such films as The King's Speech and The Shape of Water, will be scoring the new Little Women.
There have been several film and television adaptations of Louisa May Alcott's classic novel, Little Women. The first was a silent film released in 1917, followed by a 1933 version starring Katharine Hepburn. In 1949, Elizabeth Taylor starred in a lavish adaptation set during the Civil War.
The most recent adaptation was released in 1994 and starred Winona Ryder as Jo, Trini Alvarado as Meg, Claire Danes as Beth, Kirsten Dunst as Amy, and Susan Sarandon as their mother Marmee. The film was directed by Gillian Armstrong and received mixed reviews.
The costumes in the Little Women movies are always a topic of discussion among fans. Headed by costume designer Catherine Martin, the costumes for the 1994 film were created to look like they could have been made at home, using fabrics and trims that would have been available to women living in that time period. Many of the costumes were actually made from period fabrics, and all of the trims and buttons were authentic to the mid-19th century.
Since the first little women book was published in 1868, there have been many stage and film adaptations of Louisa May Alcott's classic novel. The most recent big-screen adaptation, directed by Greta Gerwig, was released in 2019. But how many movies have been made about the March sisters?
Here's a complete list of every Little Women movie ever made, starting with the most recent:
-Little Women (2019)
The literary classic Little Women has been adapted for the big screen several times, most notably in the 1994 film directed by Gillian Armstrong and starring Winona Ryder, Kirsten Dunst, and Claire Danes.
The first film adaptation of Louisa May Alcott's novel was released in 1917, and starred Dorothy Bernard as Meg, Ruth Clifford as Jo, Mary Newton as Beth, and Marcia Mae Jones as Amy. The film was directed by Harry Davenport and adapted for the screen by Agnes Christine Johnston.
A second film adaptation was released in 1933, starring Katharine Hepburn as Jo, Joan Bennett as Meg, Frances Dee as Beth, and Jean Parker as Amy. The film was directed by George Cukor and adapted for the screen by Sarah Y. Mason and Marion Orth.
The most recent adaptation of Little Women was released in 1994 and starred Winona Ryder as Jo, Kirsten Dunst as Amy, Trini Alvarado as Meg, Claire Danes as Beth, Susan Sarandon as Marmee, Christian Bale as Laurie Laurence, Eric Stoltz as Professor Bhaer, and Gabriel Byrne as Mr. Brooke. The film was directed by Gillian Armstrong and adapted for the screen by Robin Swicord.
What Is The Movie Lamb About?
What Movie Was?
How Many Ace Ventura Movies Are There?
Was Stephen King In Doctor Sleep Movie?
What Is The Worlds Longest Movie?


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Home Europe England London
Discover everything that awaits you in the wonderful city of London, a city that has something for everyone. From its historic splendor to the eye-catching buildings, spectacular museums and galleries to endless outdoor activities, list of London tourist attractions is endless. With so many things to see in London, plan your trip itinerary in advance to make most of your trip. Explore London, the leading global city!
spiraltri3e
Finsbury Park is an amazing place in north district which grew up around an important railway interchange at the junction of the London Boroughs of Islington, Haringey and Hackney. The park itself is ...
Fitzroy House
Fitzroy House is a historic house formerly inhabited by playwright George Bernard Shaw. The house now shows the life and work of L. Ron Hubbard who was a founder of Scientology and worked here in the ...
AndyRobertsPh...
Fortune Theatre
Fortune Theatre was the first London theatre which was built after World War I. It has a seating capacity of 432 on 3 levels. The Fortune Theatre was privately owned till 2011, after which it became a...
ahisgett
Foundling Museum
The Foundling Museum lets you to discover the stories of the composer George Frideric Handel, the artist William Hogarth and the Foundling Hospital's founder. It features some magnificent collectio...
The museum is dedicated to the life and work of Sigmund Freud and so is housed in the former home of the renowned psychologist and his family. The museum offers a lot more wonders from Freud's life...
Jim Linwood
The former home of the Bishops of London, Fulham Palace now houses a museum documenting the site's history, with a contemporary gallery of palace-inspired art. It incorporates Bishop's Park and is a ...
foshie
Gabriel's Wharf
A highly popular riverside destination with local workers, residents and visitors alike, this area houses units that make excellent retail design studios offering everything from furniture to lighting...
Garrick Theatre
Being a big and brilliant theatre located in the heart of the West End, it has a capacity of 732 seats and is owned and operated by Nimax Theatre. It was opened in April, 1889 and formerly used to spe...
Gate Picturehouse
Located at the corner of Notting Hill Gate and Farmer Street, the Gate Picturehouse is a repertory/arthouse cinema with a very varied programme. It also comprises of intimate atmosphere and an ornate...
heatheronhert...
It is one of the greatest museums of London that focuses on the urban living rooms and gardens of the English middle class people. Generally saying it is historically a centre for furniture-making a...
London Travel Guide
Liverpool Travel - Pangea Guides
Manchester Travel - Pangea Guides


Toronto, ON – ECA Canada Company, a Nova Scotia company that sells and services construction drills, was fined $110,000 for violations of the Occupational Health and Safety Act after a worker was killed.
On August 29, 2011, at the company's workplace in Toronto, a worker was acting as signaler for a crane unloading drill casings from a truck. Three large, cylindrical casings were stacked on the ground in pyramid formation. The bottom two casings were not chocked or wedged to prevent movement. While a fourth casing was being unloaded from the truck, the top casing in the pyramid fell between the two casings holding it up, pushing the bottom casings outward. One of those casings rolled and made contact with the fourth casing that was still suspended by the crane. The suspended casing swayed and struck the signaler, pinning the worker against the back of the truck. The worker was killed.
ECA Canada Company pleaded guilty to failing to ensure that the bottom row of the pyramid of casings was chocked or wedged to prevent motion.
The fine was imposed by Justice of the Peace K. Dresher. In addition to the fine, the court imposed a 25-per-cent victim fine surcharge, as required by the Provincial Offences Act. The surcharge is credited to a special provincial government fund to assist victims of crime.


Imagine having your very own personal greenhouse INSIDE your home. Most people would probably think that a project like this would be insanely expensive and require a great deal of work.
But what if we told you that you could create a collection of miniature greenhouses just by replacing your windows? Garden windows from Clear Choice Exteriors, your local Window Depot add a little extra space by projecting slightly outward, allowing your plants the opportunity to catch plenty of sunlight.
They are often installed in the kitchen but can be installed basically anywhere. They look like a small Bay or Bow Window. Garden Windows have glass on all sides except for the bottom, and you can also install glass shelves for a place to store flowers and plants.


A senior officer of Police Special Task Force has informed that it was confirmed that at the moment Madush and other suspects were taken into custody in a Dubai hotel, had already consumed narcotics. It was reported that on checking blood samples of the suspects, Dubai security units have confirmed it.
brought to Al-Rafah Police subsequent to their arrest and then detained in a prison cell in Abihul Almullah Plaza in Dubai. There had been 5 frontline narcotics dealers among those arrested and the others were those who were present on Madush's invitations. Among the arrested artistes such as Amal Perera, Ryan Van Royan and Nadeemal Perera. Under the above conditions, it can be assumed they too were participants of narcotics.
Whatever it is, what a senior officer of Police Special Task Force said in relation to blood samples was that 31 of them had used narcotics. Prior to this, according to Dubai reports, when it was reported that a crowd of 20 or 25 were as the number arrested; it is perplexing as to how samples of 31 of the arrested could take place. In any case, after it is revealed that narcotics have been taken, it was stated in Dubai reports that it would be a difficult task as to how the arrested could be brought down to this country. The reason for it is that since it is a serious offence in that country, the law in that country is that an inquiry about such an offence is handled in that country.
It was mentioned in Dubai reports that it is after that it would be inquired whether the person is a wanted suspect in Sri Lanka. Where Dubai law is concerned, possession of illicit drugs and using same is a crime which warrants death sentence at its highest and that sentence is executed in a very short time possible, unlike in Sri Lanka. If such a punishment is imposed ... there is no point in diplomatic mediation as such!


When I was a kid, we had a wrecked 1940s car in the pasture near our barn. It was beat to hell, all the parts removed and strewn around the field by my brother who was a grease-monkey-wannabe.
I spent an entire summer when I was about 12, polishing parts, plotting and planning, trying to figure out how to reinsert them, and sitting behind the wheel, envisioning me getting it running and driving to California when I got my license. I could feel it and taste it with the am radio sitting on the dashboard playing Elton John and Gordon Lightfoot. I was going to drive to the promiseland and see amazing sights, be a real grownup, swim in the Pacific, learn to surf like I skateboarded. I ate lunches in it, napped in the back seat, went to the library to check out books on how to upholster and the manual for the car.
Of course, summer ended and the car was never up and running again. I was not driving to California when I turned 16, but for one entire summer, I was in the zone.
Consider this - for an entire summer, I was not focused on what the other kids were doing, what boys to chase, or eating myself silly and watching "I Love Lucy" reruns. I was learning important skills in what inspired me - freedom and the ocean, responsibility and a sense of efficacy at making a dream come true, building a car! I read books I would never normally read, learned skills I never knew, spent afternoons into twilight sitting behind a wheel and learning hope, having belief, finding out how to inspire me to hard work.
Eventually, I did drive to California, ironically in a 1969 Camaro that was renovated, played in the Pacific, was an adult and free. It didn't happen as I thought it would at 16, it was five years later. But, there is something to be said about making your dreams come true subconsciously only to crop up when conditions are right to make them happen.
Did I see my destiny or did I make it?
It's not New Age to tap the power of the mind to motivate, to change moods and even body chemistry, to alter the course of your decisions, to get out of your own way and get things done efficiently and satisfactorily, to make goals and to obtain them.
The power of the mind is shown every day in amazing accomplishments by the citizens of Earth. The only way anything is achieved is by being observant of a need, processing potential methods to fill that need, gathering a game plan, materials, assistance, and achieving. We create a concept, we sketch it out, we take it to action, we see it in use.
Sometimes, these concepts to realities form just as we imagined and other times they become something we didn't see coming, like a new friendship or association, a newly acquired skill, a sense of our capabilities, or even another experience in a life full of attempts at a variety of tasks.
These odds were achieved, I believe, because I was in a groove of compassion, love, hope, belief, faith, and giving over to the universe to meet a fate I believe is a powerful one. In that mindset, I achieve amazing PSI testing scores. I have had some utterly head-shaking results in this groove and on days when I am insecure, don't believe, filled with scarcity and fear, I do horribly.
The very attitude we approach our day with affects our decisions to take on tasks or avoid them, to be kind to others, having it come back to us, or to be short tempered and alone.
That is the power of the creator within.
Let's take a look at how things as "fluffy" as belief, hope and faith, karma and other components have the ability to change worlds, not just between your ears, but in the universe.
Here's a few relevant terms (below) when studying how our interpretations, thoughts, and beliefs lead to behaviors and actions that change, not only us, but the world around us. If you want to talk in terms of paranormal, there is nothing more paranormal than what the human mind is capable of creating from with-in and projecting with-out. We make our own reality that we live in.
Gratitude: Sometimes, it takes seeing someone on Facebook announce the death of a loved one or loss of a job, limb, cancer, to make us realize that we may complain about our lives, but the overall worth is in what we recognize. If we don't recognize what we have to be thankful for, we see only what we don't have.
Our focus is on absence instead of presence.
One night when I was falling asleep, I decided that I should end my day on a positive note. I named off everyone that I helped that day, was there for, gave input to and advice, assisted with something, made smile, or whatever. The list was so damn long, I realized that every one of those names was a ripple on a pond. I was thankful. I was mostly thankful that I had people to love and people who needed me, but also to know that they were awaiting the time when they could return the favor. I was thankful for my tribe.
Every time you pray, begin it with your thanks for that day - everything you are thankful for, even if it's just having some time out in the sun or finishing a project, cleaning the dishes in the sink before bedtime or deciding to reach a new goal. It refocuses your life on what is good, what you want more of, so you aspire to continue to accrue that instead of focusing on self pity and anger at what you don't have.
Karma: The good or bad emanations felt to be generated by someone or something.
Aspiring: The act of longing, aiming, or seeking ambitiously; be eagerly desirous, especially for something great or of high value.
Believing: Having confidence in the truth, the existence, or the reliability of something, although without absolute proof that one is right in doing so.
Reframing: Shifting of one's perspective.
Curious minds do not work in a vacuum, there must be hope, faith, belief, in order to want to continue a search for answers. Sometimes, belief gets in the way of answers because belief is owned by the ego and disproving something one believes in could be detrimental to the very self concept. How many times do we believe in someone and they fail us? We fear believing again. What if you believe ghosts are souls of the dead and someone shoves evidence in your face that is not true? The threat to your very desire to have an afterlife could be very disorienting and dangerous.
"The Secret" This documentary is an amazingly inspiring and perspective shifting device. They have it on Netflix streaming now and it also comes in book form.
Book - "Happiness In Your Life - Book One - Karma" How karma really works.
Book - "The Biology of Belief"
Book - "E-Squared: Nine Do-It-Yourself Experiments That Prove Your Thoughts Create Your Reality" Profound and uplighting perspective on how your thoughts truly create your reality.
Online article "Thinking Virtually Creates Your Reality"
DVD - "The Shadow Effect" by Deepak Chopra. Your shadow self, that part of you that holds all your fears and anxieties, worries and grief. How to push past that to be your best.


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Fibre Unlimited & Talk Anytime - SKY
Sky Entertainment + Sky Fibre Unlimited & Talk Anytime
Sky Entertainment + Sky Fibre Unlimited & Talk Freetime
Sky Entertainment with Box Sets and HD
Sky Entertainment with Sky Kids
Unlimited Download
Sky Entertainment with Sky Kids + Sky Fibre Unlimited & Talk Anytime
Sky Entertainment with Sky Kids + Sky Fibre Unlimited & Talk Freetime
Sky Entertainment with Sky Kids, Box Sets and HD
Variety TV Bundle + Fibre Unlimited & Talk Anytime - SKY
Why Sky?
Sky is a global company with a solid reputation and award winning customer service. They offer TV, phone and broadband services which can be combined into one package to suit your household needs. You can currently get a Sky TV, talk and broadband package for a discounted price of €59 per month for a minimum period of 12 months. This provides you with up to 100Mb broadband, inclusive evening and weekend calls and the original Sky TV package. You will be provided with a Sky Hub Wireless router and setup fees may apply. As a market leader and one of the country's biggest brands, you've assured a good level of service and customer care.
Sky Broadband and TV
You'll be astonished by just how much you can now get from Sky Ireland at a budget-friendly price that leaves competitors in the dust. If you're looking for a package that featured broadband, phone and TV Sky is particularly advantageous although they have the versatility to allow you to cherry-pick the products that are right for you.
Sky Broadband And Phone
Starting at just €30 a month, you will able to get breakneck speeds on Sky Fibre Unlimited with Sky Talk included. The Sky Fibre Unlimited package is offered on a twelve-month contract, giving you a full year to decide whether it's right for you. After twelve months you can continue on one of the fastest connections available on the market. Alternatively, you can upgrade to a new package like Sky Fibre Max which offers average speeds of 63mbps and a breakneck maximum speed of 75mbps, depending on your area.
Sky Fibre gives you unlimited download capacity at 100mbps. This allows you to download a full movie in HD in just 1.2 minutes or a whole TV series in just thirty seconds. No more waiting around for buffering or suffering through crude and blocky images while your broadband connection catches up with you. Whatever your need for speed, Sky has got you covered.
Sky Ireland's packages are completely customisable. You to choose what you want, how you want it with no expensive add-ons that you'll never use. You can determine the perfect package depending on your phone use and your broadband needs.
Sky Talk Freetime offers inclusive evening and weekend calls for up to an hour to any landline number in the Republic of Ireland. Alternatively, Sky Talk Anytime offers free national calls up to an hour, any time, any day as well as inclusive calls to countries outside of Ireland including the UK and the USA. It also offers great mobile rates from just 10.20c a minute.
Broadband, Phone And TV Bundles
If you're looking for an all-inclusive package, you can get broadband, phone and TV from Sky in one great deal that's custom made for you. You can choose a broadband speed that suits your needs of up to 100mbps. You can then add your preferred Sky Talk package. Then, it's a simple case of deciding which great Sky TV package suits you best.
Sky TV has something for everyone offering unparalleled access to sports channels, great movies, the very best TV drama from around the world and an astounding selection of kids' programming. All of the TV packages can be personalised allowing you to add more of what you love.
TV subscription packages start at €29.50 a month for the original bundle or €39 a month for the variety bundle. These packages include channels like Sky Atlantic which brings you the very best TV from around the world before anyone else like the historical epic Britannia or the nail-biting new drama Sharp Objects. Looking for the latest binge-worthy show? Sky box sets give you complete access to the very best TV shows.
On top of all that, you can add Sky Sports TV and enjoy over 550 live games this 2018/19 season. More of a movie buff? How about adding Sky Box Office to your package and getting the latest box office hits, broadcast in HD and 5.1 surround sound straight to your home just months after they leave the cinema.
Extras like Sky On The Go, Sky Demand, and Sky Multiscreen make it easier than ever for the whole family to enjoy whatever they want to watch on TV. These features will enable you to watch the shows, movies and games you love in different parts of the home, on the go or on demand. Since these bundles are currently offered at discounted rates for 6 months, you need a seriously good reason not to!
For a small additional charge, Sky Q is the next generation of Sky Hub which allows you to watch your content on any screen you want with a seamless transition. Start off a move on your Tv and finish it off on your tablet seamlessly. It also allows crystal clear 4K UHD streaming.
You don't need much to get your home set up with Sky. All you need is a Sky Box and a satellite which are both included with the installation. With inclusive packages, you can get everything you need from Sky and get the best in home entertainment for the whole family.


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Medieval Town of Toruń, UNESCO site, Poland |
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Esztergom, Hungary |
Budapest, UNESCO site, Hungary |
Malbork Castle, UNESCO site, Poland |
Zamość, UNESCO site, Poland |
Štrbské pleso, Slovakia |
Kremnica, Slovakia |
Bratislava, Slovakia |
The Baltic Sea, Poland |
Hévíz spa, Hungary |
Prague, UNESCO site, Czech republic |
Loket castle, Czech republic |
Telč, UNESCO site, Czech republic |
Český Krumlov, UNESCO site, Czech republic |
Bohemian Switzerland National Park, Czech republic |
Wooden Churches, Poland |
Home News The only Chopin concerts in the Lazienki Park
The only Chopin concerts in the Lazienki Park
The 59th season of festival Chopin Concerts in the Royal Lazienki Park will be inaugurated on May 13th in Warsaw. The series of Lazienki Chopin Concerts is one of the longest standing traditions in music Warsaw, and today it is recognized as the cultural trademark of the Capital City. Each...
The 59th season of festival Chopin Concerts in the Royal Lazienki Park will be inaugurated on May 13th in Warsaw.
The series of Lazienki Chopin Concerts is one of the longest standing traditions in music Warsaw, and today it is recognized as the cultural trademark of the Capital City. Each year the audience can listen to new interpretations of those well- and less know Chopin works. The concerts, performed by brilliant pianists, take place in the enchanting scenery of the Royal Lazienki.
The Festival will be inaugurated at noon by Ingolf Wunder, an Austrian pianist, the second prize winner at the International Chopin Competition 2010 in Warsaw, Poland. He also won special prizes for the Best Concerto, Best Polonaise-Fantasie performance and the audience's prize. The second concert on the opening day, at 4 pm will be played by Radosław Sobczak, who was honored with special title of the 'Best Polish Competitor' at the 14th Fryderyk Chopin International Piano Competition in Warsaw in 2000.
Stołeczna Estrada, organizer of the festival, ofers a live streaming for everyone who won't be able to participate in this year festival. Concerts take place on Sundays at noon and at 4pm from May 13th, through September 30th , 2018.
Fryderyk Chopin was born in 1810 in Żelazowa Wola. His actual date of birth remains uncertain, as sources quote two different dates: February 22nd and March 1st.
The Chopins moved to Warsaw when young Fryderyk was just a few months old. While they changed their address a few times, their home was close to Krakowskie Przedmieście Street – the city's beating heart of culture to this very day.
Fryderyk grew up in a musical home, filled with song and the sound of various musical instruments: piano, flute, and violin. No wonder Chopin he tried his hand at music as a very young boy. He began taking regular piano classes at the age of six. Wojciech Żywny, a pianist of Czech origin, was Chopin's first teacher, and quickly discovered the boy's extraordinary gift.
Fryderyk was admired in Warsaw's aristocratic salons, the city's newspapers full of adulation for the boy who had composed his first pieces before he turned eight!
Fryderyk could often by seen on Krakowskie Przedmieście or Miodowa streets – rushing to his English classes, to meet up with friends at one of his favourite cafes, or in search of novelties in the sheet music shop.
Walking the streets of Warsaw today, you can find many locations visited by the famous composer two hundred years ago.
Visit www.lazienki-krolewskie.pl for detailed shedule
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The next Alabama Folk School session is April 16-19. This session will include art classes in quilting, watercolor and glass mosaics. The session will also include music classes for bass, guitar, banjo and mandolin. Vocal Nuances will be taught by Claire Lynch! All the instructors are top notch: Mark Schatz, Stephen Mougin, Ned Luberecki, Herb Trotman, Roland White and Jason Bailey.
Learn more about this and other sessions held throughout the year at www.folkschool.dioala.org where you'll find pricing, lodging and everything you need to know.
Alabama Folk School is held in the conference center facilities at Camp McDowell located about 15 miles North from Jasper on Highway 195.
Already happening musically is George's Woodstock Jamboree on Tuesday evenings 6-9pm, hosted by popular local musician George Scherer. George's Woodstock Jamboree is an open mic night in a family friendly environment. Performers are offered up to 20 minutes to play and sing their original tunes or cover tunes if that is their preference… or both. Bring your instrument and/or your voice and join the fun.
Woodstock Festival Art Center is located at 20714 Highway 11 North, Woodstock, AL 35188… 2 miles south on US11 from I-20/59 Exit 97.


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Safety-certified tools
Tools for Automotive Applications
C-STAT Static analysis
C-RUN Runtime analysis
Debugging and trace probes
Description of Support and Update Agreement
Safety-certified tools Tools for Automotive Applications C-STAT Static analysis C-RUN Runtime analysis Debugging and trace probes Build tools for Linux
More than an ordinary toolbox.
Security development tools
Simplify your security journey!
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On demand, scheduled or on site.
User Guides Description of Support and Update Agreement IAR Volume License Program
Need help? Start here!
Browse technical resources.
Request assistance here.
Access FAQ and contact form.
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Find your closest IAR Systems office
IAR Systems supports the XMC1000 low-price ARM Cortex-M0 microcontrollers from Infineon
Uppsala, Sweden—February 21, 2013— Today, IAR Systems® announces comprehensive support for the XMC1000 family of 32-bit microcontrollers recently announced by Infineon Technologies. The support is available using IAR Embedded Workbench® for ARM®, which is a complete set of high-performance tools for embedded development.
The XMC1000 family is based on the ARM Cortex™-M0 core and features advanced peripheral functions. It is designed for use in low-end, cost-critical industrial applications, such as sensor and actuator applications, LED lighting, digital power conversion and simple motor drives used in for example household appliances, pumps, fans and e-bikes. The family offers on-chip flash memory sizes from 8KB to 200KB, and is offered at an 8-bit price range.
"For a wide market acceptance of the XMC1000 family the tool support by IAR Systems is an important step," says Stephan Zizala, Senior Director Industrial and Multimarket Microcontroller at Infineon Technologies AG. "The XMC1000 microcontrollers deliver true 32-bit performance at 8-bit prices, application-optimized peripherals and scalability with regard to the XMC4000 microcontroller family. The optimization capabilities of IAR Embedded Workbench and its user-friendly and powerful environment enable users to fully benefit from the features of the XMC1000 microcontrollers."
By using IAR Embedded Workbench, developers can move freely between 8-, 16- and 32-bit microcontrollers. They are able to improve efficiency and shorten the time to market, reuse code across projects and reduce the costs for training, maintenance, and managing of licenses.
IAR Embedded Workbench for ARM is a complete set of C/C++ compiler and debugger tools. It features advanced smart functionality such as full instruction trace, power profiling, function profiling, code coverage analysis and stack usage analysis. Also included is an automated integration with Infineon's DAVE™ code generator, which enables developers to import files or file packages generated by the tool.
Detailed information about IAR Embedded Workbench for ARM and free evaluation licenses are available at www.iar.com/ewarm. Information on the XMC1000 microcontroller family of Infineon is available at www.infineon.com/xmc1000.
### Ends
Editor's Note: IAR Systems, IAR Embedded Workbench, C-SPY, visualSTATE, The Code to Success, IAR KickStart Kit, I-jet, IAR and the logotype of IAR Systems are trademarks or registered trademarks owned by IAR Systems AB. All other products are trademarks of their respective owners.
About IAR Systems
IAR Systems is the world's leading supplier of software tools for developing embedded systems applications. The software enables over 14,000 large and small companies to develop premium products based on 8-, 16-, and 32-bit microcontrollers, mainly in the areas of industrial automation, medical devices, consumer electronics, telecommunication and automotive products. IAR Systems has an extensive network of partners and cooperates with the world's leading semiconductor vendors. IAR Systems Group AB is listed on NASDAQ OMX Stockholm. For more information, please visit www.iar.com
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Geist: The Sin-Eaters Second Edition now available from Onyx Path
Posted on March 20, 2020 by Flames
After successfully fulfilling the Kickstarter and shipping books to distributors, Onyx Path Publishing has released Geist: The Sin-Eaters Second Edition in digital and hardcover formats.
Death is not the end.
You learned that firsthand when you died, and in the darkness you made a deal that brought you back — but not alone. Now, bound inextricably to a geist — a shade, a monster, a tragic, broken soul — you stand between the world of the living and the world of the dead. You stand between the dead and the hungry dark that would devour them. You give a voice to the voiceless and tear down cosmic systems of oppression. You will make a better world, and if you die trying… well, you came back once, and you can do it again.
In Geist: The Sin-Eaters, you play a person who died with a powerful burden on their soul — something they didn't accomplish in life, or something they never found. On the other side of the veil, they made a bargain with a powerful being called a geist, which returned them to the world of the living and to their own body, at the cost of a permanent bond between them and the geist. Now your character stands as a medium, with one foot in the world of the living and one in the world of the dead. Will you bend your efforts toward the cosmic injustice of the Underworld, that consumes all who become trapped in its inky depths? Will you turn your wrath on the necromancers, the ghost-eaters, the two-bit frauds who exploit dead and living alike for their own enrichment? Will you reach out to the strange shade bound to you, to try to find the person beneath the inchoate fury and bring them peace? Will you bring a new faith to the masses and teach the living to welcome the dead into their lives? Or will you use all your newfound supernatural might to accomplish what you could not in life?
Originally released in 2009, Geist: The Sin-Eaters was a sleeper hit for the Chronicles of Darkness, finally bringing "life" to the realm of ghosts and death. And now this game of second chances gets a second edition, with Geist: The Sin-Eaters 2nd Edition, offering a revised and updated rules system and an expanded setting.
Geist: The Sin-Eaters Second Edition contains:
– The complete rules for playing a Sin-Eater in the Chronicles of Darkness, including systems for organizing and directing the efforts of large-scale organizations like Sin-Eater cults or organized-crime families.
– Burdens, krewe Archetypes, and a host of unique powers to create your Sin-Eaters and the strange death-cults they build.
– Example settings from across the globe and history, from the tumult of Washington, D.C. in the 1960s to medieval Carcassone to present-day Beijing.
– A detailed look at the Underworld and its denizens, from the terrifying Kerberoi to the never-born Chthonians.
Geist: The Sin-Eaters Second Edition is now available in PDF and Print on Demand at StorytellersVault.com, as well a traditionally printed Hardcover at IndiePressRevolution.com and Studio2Publishing.com. Your local game store can also order direct from Indie Press Revolution or their preferred distributor.
Wraith: the Oblivion 20th Anniversary Edition is available now from Onyx Path!
The Secret of Crickley Hall
Tags | ghost stories, modern-horror, onyx path