The digital arena poses numerous issues for entrepreneurs and protection of their innovations and ideas. Globalization and the speed that the information is published over the Internet helps to spread ideas worldwide within minutes. However, it also poses a serious threat to the rights of inventors. In the world of social media, we need to be aware that uploading photos, pictures designs, music, or videos, may compromise valuable intellectual property rights. Once they are uploaded, the rights to them are no longer our own. Therefore, not only do large organizations need to protect their intellectual property rights, but business of all sizes must develop such rights, which may be very valuable in years to come and steps to protect those rights should be taken at the earliest opportunity.
By way of an example, James Dyson invented the world's, first cyclonic vacuum and straight away applied for a patent covering his invention. He then went on to license his invention to Amway, however, the license was terminated after Amway claimed the vacuum did not work. Amway then started selling the vacuum machine without Mr Dyson's permission. Mr Dyson sued Amway for patent infringement and breach of confidence. The damages awarded allowed him to set up his own company producing the first Dyson branded vacuum cleaners. Thus, if it were not for his IP protection through registration, Amway would have gone on to dominate the vacuum machine market without any substantive financial benefit to Mr Dyson. As it currently stands, James Dyson's invention led him to the Dyson company which is today worth over £7.8 billion.
Anti-counterfeiting which prevents your competitors from imitating your brands, products and designs.
Copyright and database rights our experts can help across a range of areas, including disputes and litigation, commercial transactions, general clearance and advisory work, intellectual property rights audits and chain of title research.
Design rights helping you to protect your creative investment and negotiate the complex legal maze.
Know how, trade secrets and confidential information through commercial agreements and litigation measures we can help you protect and exploit these valuable assets.
Patent litigation from multi-million pound patent claims in the High Court to more modest, but vital patent claims in the Intellectual Property Enterprise Court, our team has the skills and experience to manage all forms of patent litigation.
Trademarks and brands we can advise you across the whole spectrum of trade mark rights and related rights (such as passing off), including: clearance searches, protection and registerability issues, co-ordination and management of trade mark filings, branding and franchise agreements, disputes and litigation.
Advising a company on the suspension of a rival Facebook account that was making unauthorized use of the client's copyright materials.
The Bloomsbury Law Intellectual Property team is headed by Jamil Ahmud and Nisha Chopra.


text:
Obama's Economy: The Excuses Begin
By Tom Blumer 2013-01-30T03:00:35
Just days after the November presidential and congressional elections which gave President Barack Obama a non-mandate of 50.6% of the popular vote and the demonstrated supported of less than 27% of all U.S. adults, NBC's Brian Williams actually told viewers:
With the election now over, it is once again safe to talk about the economy and jobs. Now that it is not a campaign issue, it's back to reality.
Still in Democrat-supportive campaign mode, Williams then introduced a report by correspondent Harry Smith about how "the idea that manufacturing in America is dead ... is an outright falsehood." Mary Andringa, president and CEO of Iowa manufacturer Vermeer Corporation and then-board chair at the National Association of Manufacturers, told Smith:
What's really outstanding is the fact that in 2010, the U.S. had an output of $4.8 trillion of manufactured goods. That was up from $4.1 (trillion) in 2000 -- and we've been through two recessions in the past decade.
That is undoubtedly an impressive achievement which should not be discounted. But then Smith delivered the kicker:
Five million manufacturing jobs were lost in the U.S. in the last decade. But new jobs have been created too, and believe it or not, many manufacturers in the U.S. are looking for help.
This highlights two problems. The first, which is that our educational system and culture are not preparing enough people for the jobs which need to be filled, is self-evident to anyone with open eyes.
The second, despite the unfilled positions just noted, is even more important: unlike what occurred after every other post-World War II downturn, not enough new jobs are currently being created to make up for the ones being lost. The new companies and entire industries which have always emerged and generated enough new jobs to replace those lost as a result of increased productivity in existing industries aren't appearing at a rate necessary to reduce unemployment to an acceptable level.
At the Associated Press, aka the Administration's Press, the post-election search for an explanation clearly had two important constraints. First: do not blame the Obama administration or the federal government for anything. Second: find something to blame which appears to be plausible and can't be immediately refuted.
https://pjmedia.com/blog/obamas-economy-the-excuses-begin/

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Occupational Outlook Handbook > Management >
Preschool and Childcare Center Directors
Video transcript available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_YWom1RxVgI.
Quick Facts: Preschool and Childcare Center Directors
1% (Slower than average)
What Preschool and Childcare Center Directors Do
Preschool and childcare center directors supervise and lead their staffs, design program plans, oversee daily activities, and prepare budgets.
Preschool and childcare center directors work primarily in child daycare services. They generally work full time.
How to Become a Preschool or Childcare Center Director
A bachelor's degree and experience in early childhood education are typically required to become a preschool and childcare center director. However, educational requirements vary. Additionally, some employers require these directors to have a nationally recognized credential, such as the Child Development Associate (CDA) credential.
The median annual wage for preschool and childcare center directors was $48,210 in May 2019.
Employment of preschool and childcare center directors is projected to grow 1 percent from 2019 to 2029, slower than the average for all occupations.
Explore resources for employment and wages by state and area for preschool and childcare center directors.
Compare the job duties, education, job growth, and pay of preschool and childcare center directors with similar occupations.
Learn more about preschool and childcare center directors by visiting additional resources, including O*NET, a source on key characteristics of workers and occupations.
What Preschool and Childcare Center Directors Do About this section
Preschool and childcare center directors assist staff with caring for and teaching children.
Preschool and childcare center directors supervise and lead staffs, design program plans, oversee daily activities, and prepare budgets. They are responsible for all aspects of their center's program.
Preschool and childcare center directors typically do the following:
Supervise preschool teachers and childcare workers
Hire and train new staff members
Provide professional development opportunities for staff
Establish policies and communicate them to staff and parents
Develop educational programs and standards
Maintain instructional excellence
Assist staff in communicating with parents and children
Meet with parents and staff to discuss students' progress
Prepare budgets and allocate program funds
Ensure that facilities are maintained and cleaned according to state regulations
Some preschools and childcare centers are independently owned and operated. In these facilities, directors must follow the instructions and guidelines of the owner. Sometimes, the directors are the owners, so they decide how to operate them.
Other preschools and childcare centers are part of a national chain or franchise. The director of a chain or franchise must ensure that the facility meets the parent organization's standards and regulations.
In addition, some preschools and childcare centers, such as Head Start programs, receive state and federal funding. Directors need to follow the requirements set by Department of Health and Human Services for program, staff, and facilities.
Most preschool and childcare center directors work in childcare facilities.
Preschool and childcare center directors held about 69,200 jobs in 2019. The largest employers of preschool and childcare center directors were as follows:
Child day care services 65%
Religious, grantmaking, civic, professional, and similar organizations 12
Self-employed workers 9
Elementary and secondary schools; state, local, and private 6
Although preschool and childcare center directors work in schools and childcare centers, they spend most of their day in an office. They also visit classrooms to check on students, speak to preschool teachers or childcare workers, and meet with parents.
Preschool and childcare center directors may find working in an early childhood educational environment rewarding, but they also have significant responsibilities. Coordinating and interacting with staff, parents, and children may be fast paced and stimulating but also stressful.
Preschool and childcare center directors generally work full time. Some work more than 40 hours per week. They are on the job while the childcare center is open and may work early in the morning or late in the evening. In large facilities, the director and assistant directors may stagger their schedules to ensure that someone is always onsite.
How to Become a Preschool or Childcare Center Director About this section
Preschool and childcare center directors need to be able to interact with children, staff, and parents.
Most states require preschool and childcare center directors to have at least a bachelor's degree, but educational requirements vary by state. Employers may prefer candidates who have a degree, or at least some postsecondary coursework, in early childhood education. These programs teach child development, provide strategies for instructing young children, and show how to observe and document children's progress.
Most positions for preschool and childcare center directors require several years of experience in early childhood education. The length of experience required varies by job.
States may require childcare centers, including those in private homes, to be licensed. To qualify for licensure, staff must pass a background check and meet a minimum training requirement. Some states have more requirements, such as requiring staff to have certifications in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and first aid.
Some employers have additional requirements, such as the CDA credential offered by the Council for Professional Recognition. Candidates need to pay a fee, take coursework, obtain experience in the field, and be observed while working with children. This credential needs to be renewed every 3 years.
Business skills. Preschool and childcare center directors manage childcare centers and need to be able to operate the business effectively.
Communication skills. Directors inform parents and staff about the children's progress. They need good writing and speaking skills to convey this information.
Interpersonal skills. Preschool and childcare center directors must be able to develop relationships with parents, children, and staff.
Leadership skills. Preschool and childcare center directors need leadership skills to supervise staff and inspire diligence. They also must enforce rules and regulations.
Organizational skills. Directors need to maintain clear records about children and staff. In addition, they must be able to multitask when several people or situations require their attention.
Other management occupations
The median annual wage for preschool and childcare center directors was $48,210 in May 2019. The median wage is the wage at which half the workers in an occupation earned more than that amount and half earned less. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $30,850, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $82,590.
In May 2019, the median annual wages for preschool and childcare center directors in the top industries in which they worked were as follows:
Elementary and secondary schools; state, local, and private $62,120
Religious, grantmaking, civic, professional, and similar organizations 51,990
Child day care services 46,460
Early childhood education is widely recognized as important for a child's intellectual and emotional development. Working parents are expected to continue to rely on childcare centers and the services they provide; however, the rising cost of childcare and the increasing number of stay-at-home parents are expected to reduce the demand for these workers over the next 10 years.
Employment projections data for preschool and childcare center directors, 2019-29
Education and childcare administrators, preschool and daycare
11-9031 69,200 69,900 1 700 Get data
This table shows a list of occupations with job duties that are similar to those of preschool and childcare center directors.
Childcare Workers
Childcare workers attend to the basic needs of children, such as dressing, feeding, and overseeing play.
High school teachers teach academic lessons and various skills that students will need to attend college and to enter the job market.
Kindergarten and Elementary School Teachers
Kindergarten and elementary school teachers instruct young students in basic subjects in order to prepare them for future schooling.
Middle school teachers educate students, typically in sixth through eighth grades.
Preschool Teachers
Preschool teachers educate and care for children younger than age 5 who have not yet entered kindergarten.
Associate's degree $30,520
Special education teachers work with students who have a wide range of learning, mental, emotional, and physical disabilities.
Teacher Assistants
Teacher assistants work with a licensed teacher to give students additional attention and instruction.
Some college, no degree $27,920
Elementary, Middle, and High School Principals
Elementary, middle, and high school principals oversee all school operations, including daily school activities.
Master's degree $96,400
For more information on childcare centers, visit
Child Care Aware
For information about early childhood education, visit
For more information about professional credentials, visit
Council for Professional Recognition
National Early Childhood Program Accreditation
For a career video on preschool and childcare center directors, visit
Education Administrators, Preschool and Childcare Center/Program
Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Outlook Handbook , Preschool and Childcare Center Directors,
at https://www.bls.gov/ooh/management/preschool-and-childcare-center-directors.htm (visited January 17, 2021).


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Claimant Kalyaneshwari lodged a public interest litigation with the Supreme Court in order to request a ban on mining and manufacturing activities using asbestos or its derivatives. The claimant argued that since there was no law banning the use of asbestos, despite its negative effects on human health, the Supreme Court should proceed to declare a ban.
The Supreme Court considered that if the existing laws were being applied in line with the guidance given by that Court in the case involving the "Consumer Education and Research Centre", there was no reason to ban economic activities on which a large number of families depended for their livelihood. However, improved supervision and regulatory control were required from the state on the use of asbestos in these industries. The Court also emphasized the fact that the claimant had not submitted any data or facts related to the development of manufacturing or mining activities in which asbestos was being used without state control. The Court stated that it was not acceptable to argue that asbestos was being used in a dangerous way across the country based solely on medical examinations performed on a few hundred workers.
Moreover, the Court did not accept the claimant's argument that the case was a matter of public interest. The Court ruled that the claimant had a private interest in the results of the case since he had links with the largest iron foundry enterprise in the country, iron being one of the products that could be used to substitute asbestos.
Taking into account the guidelines issued by the Court itself concerning the case of the "Consumer Education and Research Centre", and considering that the ILO had also issued new guidelines concerning the use of asbestos, the Court ordered the trade unions and States to review the protection measures in place related to primary and secondary exposure to asbestos. The Court also ordered States with a large number of asbestos industries to create regulatory bodies to supervise and control the activities of such industries with the aim of safeguarding the health of workers.
1 ILO Asbestos Recommendation, 1986 (No. 172).
2 Page 2 of the decision.


text:
NEW REPORT ~ HARMS FROM ABROAD: IMPACT OF GLOBAL SECURITY MEASURES ON CIVIC SPACE IN NIGERIA
LAUNCH DATE: DECEMBER 8, 2021
How does the transnational security architecture and the use of "the security playbook" manifest in key national contexts? What evidence is there of the role of transnational security architecture (such as the UN Global Counter Terrorism Strategy; Financial Action Task Force; UN Security Council Resolutions and others) in facilitating restrictions on civic space in Nigeria? What links exist between transnational and domestic entities promoting and implementing a hard security paradigm and measures? What regional or bilateral security partnerships does Nigeria have with other countries and how do they influence the development and implementation of national security measures that limit fundamental freedoms and civil society?
Indeed, Nigeria is struggling to rein in several theaters of insecurity in different parts of the country. The military and non-military measures—mostly copied from abroad—deployed to combat these security threats create opportunities for the use and abuse of counter terrorism and security laws, and this is potentially becoming the dominant driver of closing civic space in Nigeria. Accordingly, this paper establishes the links between the transnational and national drivers of closing civic space in Nigeria built on the rhetoric of countering terrorism and defending national security. The enquiry starts by tracing the transnational origins and sources where national counterterrorism initiatives draw inspiration from. This is done by examining the international norms and standards that countries like Nigeria are under pressure to comply with, the global networks the country is expected to join and the consequences attached to non-compliance. The trends and patterns of governmental restrictions arising from the implementation of international counterterrorism norms at the local level illuminate whether the way Nigeria is following these standards is problematic or not. The findings build evidence of the government's accelerated use of a security playbook to stifle dissent in the name of counterterrorism and deepen understanding of the unintended consequences of global security measures in Nigeria. Based on the collective intelligence and diagnosis of this security playbook, the paper concludes by highlighting the opportunities that exist in short-term and long-term for civic actors to push back, to disrupt, to reform, and over long-term to transform the influence of security on civic space.


text:
exports.Formats = [

	// XY Singles
	///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

	{
		name: "Random Battle",
		section: "XY Singles",

		team: 'random',
		ruleset: ['PotD', 'Pokemon', 'Sleep Clause Mod', 'HP Percentage Mod']
	},
	{
		name: "Unrated Random Battle",
		section: "XY Singles",

		team: 'random',
		challengeShow: false,
		rated: false,
		ruleset: ['Random Battle']
	},
	{
		name: "OU",
		section: "XY Singles",

		ruleset: ['Pokemon', 'Standard', 'Team Preview'],
		banlist: ['Uber', 'Soul Dew', 'Gengarite', 'Kangaskhanite', 'Lucarionite', 'Swagger']
	},
	{
		name: "Ubers",
		section: "XY Singles",

		ruleset: ['Pokemon', 'Standard Ubers', 'Team Preview'],
		banlist: []
	},
	{
		name: "UU",
		section: "XY Singles",

		ruleset: ['OU'],
		banlist: ['OU', 'BL', 'Heracronite', 'Medichamite', 'Gardevoirite', 'Drizzle', 'Drought']
	},
	{
		name: "RU (beta)",
		section: "XY Singles",

		ruleset: ['UU'],
		banlist: ['UU', 'BL2']
	},
	{
		name: "LC",
		section: "XY Singles",

		maxLevel: 5,
		ruleset: ['Pokemon', 'Standard', 'Team Preview', 'Little Cup'],
		banlist: ['Sonicboom', 'Dragon Rage', 'LC Uber', 'Swagger']
	},
	{
		name: "XY Battle Spot Singles",
		section: "XY Singles",

		onBegin: function () {
			this.debug('cutting down to 3');
			this.p1.pokemon = this.p1.pokemon.slice(0, 3);
			this.p1.pokemonLeft = this.p1.pokemon.length;
			this.p2.pokemon = this.p2.pokemon.slice(0, 3);
			this.p2.pokemonLeft = this.p2.pokemon.length;
		},
		maxForcedLevel: 50,
		ruleset: ['Pokemon', 'Standard GBU', 'Team Preview GBU'],
		banlist: [], // The neccessary bans are in Standard GBU
		validateTeam: function (team, format) {
			if (team.length < 3) return ['You must bring at least 3 Pokemon.'];
		}
	},
	{
		name: "Custom Game",
		section: "XY Singles",

		searchShow: false,
		canUseRandomTeam: true,
		debug: true,
		maxLevel: 9999,
		defaultLevel: 100,
		// no restrictions, for serious (other than team preview)
		ruleset: ['Team Preview']
	},

	// XY Doubles
	///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

	{
		name: "Random Doubles Battle",
		section: "XY Doubles",

		gameType: 'doubles',
		team: 'randomDoubles',
		ruleset: ['PotD', 'Pokemon', 'Sleep Clause Mod', 'HP Percentage Mod']
	},
	{
		name: "Smogon Doubles",
		section: "XY Doubles",

		gameType: 'doubles',
		ruleset: ['Pokemon', 'Standard Doubles', 'Team Preview'],
		banlist: ['Dark Void', 'Soul Dew',
			'Mewtwo',
			'Lugia',
			'Ho-Oh',
			'Kyogre',
			'Groudon',
			'Rayquaza',
			'Dialga',
			'Palkia',
			'Giratina', 'Giratina-Origin',
			'Arceus',
			'Reshiram',
			'Zekrom',
			'Kyurem-White',
			'Xerneas',
			'Yveltal'
		]
	},
	{
		name: "Smogon Doubles Ubers",
		section: "XY Doubles",

		gameType: 'doubles',
		searchShow: false,
		ruleset: ['Pokemon', 'Species Clause', 'Moody Clause', 'OHKO Clause', 'Endless Battle Clause', 'HP Percentage Mod', 'Team Preview'],
		banlist: ['Unreleased', 'Illegal', 'Dark Void']
	},
	{
		name: "Smogon Doubles UU",
		section: "XY Doubles",

		gameType: 'doubles',
		searchShow: false,
		ruleset: ['Smogon Doubles'],
		banlist: ['Abomasnow', 'Aegislash', 'Amoonguss', 'Ampharos', 'Azumarill', 'Bisharp', 'Breloom', 'Chandelure', 'Charizard', 'Conkeldurr',
			'Cresselia', 'Dragonite', 'Dusclops', 'Excadrill', 'Ferrothorn', 'Garchomp', 'Gardevoir', 'Gastrodon', 'Genesect', 'Gengar',
			'Gliscor', 'Greninja', 'Gyarados', 'Heatran', 'Hitmontop', 'Jirachi', 'Kangaskhan', 'Klefki', 'Landorus-T', 'Latios',
			'Lucario', 'Mamoswine', 'Manectric', 'Mawile', 'Metagross', 'Ninetales', 'Politoed', 'Reuniclus', 'Rhyperior', 'Rotom-W',
			'Sableye', 'Salamence', 'Scizor', 'Shaymin-Sky', 'Sylveon', 'Talonflame', 'Terrakion', 'Thundurus', 'Togekiss', 'Trevenant',
			'Tyranitar', 'Venusaur', 'Volcarona', 'Whimsicott', 'Zapdos'
		]
	},
	{
		name: "XY Battle Spot Doubles",
		section: "XY Doubles",

		gameType: 'doubles',
		onBegin: function () {
			this.debug('cutting down to 4');
			this.p1.pokemon = this.p1.pokemon.slice(0, 4);
			this.p1.pokemonLeft = this.p1.pokemon.length;
			this.p2.pokemon = this.p2.pokemon.slice(0, 4);
			this.p2.pokemonLeft = this.p2.pokemon.length;
		},
		maxForcedLevel: 50,
		ruleset: ['Pokemon', 'Standard GBU', 'Team Preview VGC'],
		validateTeam: function (team, format) {
			if (team.length < 4) return ['You must bring at least 4 Pokemon.'];
		}
	},
	{
		name: "VGC 2014",
		section: "XY Doubles",

		gameType: 'doubles',
		onBegin: function () {
			this.debug('cutting down to 4');
			this.p1.pokemon = this.p1.pokemon.slice(0, 4);
			this.p1.pokemonLeft = this.p1.pokemon.length;
			this.p2.pokemon = this.p2.pokemon.slice(0, 4);
			this.p2.pokemonLeft = this.p2.pokemon.length;
		},
		maxForcedLevel: 50,
		ruleset: ['Pokemon', 'Standard GBU', 'Team Preview VGC', 'Kalos Pokedex'],
		requirePentagon: true,
		banlist: [], // The neccessary bans are in Standard GBU
		validateTeam: function (team, format) {
			if (team.length < 4) return ['You must bring at least 4 Pokemon.'];
		}
	},
	{
		name: "Doubles Challenge Cup",
		section: 'XY Doubles',

		gameType: 'doubles',
		team: 'randomCC',
		searchShow: false,
		ruleset: ['Pokemon', 'HP Percentage Mod']
	},
	{
		name: "Doubles Custom Game",
		section: "XY Doubles",

		gameType: 'doubles',
		searchShow: false,
		canUseRandomTeam: true,
		maxLevel: 9999,
		defaultLevel: 100,
		debug: true,
		ruleset: ['Team Preview']
	},

	// Other Metagames
	///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

	{
		name: "Ability Shift",
		section: "OM of the Month",

		mod: 'abilityshift',
		ruleset: ['Pokemon', 'Standard', 'Team Preview'],
		banlist: ["Ampharosite", "Gyaradosite",
			"Arceus", "Darkrai", "Deoxys", "Deoxys-Attack", "Dialga", "Giratina", "Giratina-Origin", "Groudon", "Ho-Oh", "Kyurem-White",
			"Lugia", "Meloetta", "Mewtwo", "Palkia", "Rayquaza", "Regigigas", "Reshiram", "Slaking", "Xerneas", "Zekrom"
		]
	},
	{
		name: "OU Theorymon",
		section: "OM of the Month",

		mod: 'theorymon',
		ruleset: ['Pokemon', 'Standard', 'Team Preview'],
		banlist: ['Uber', 'Soul Dew', 'Gengarite', 'Kangaskhanite', 'Lucarionite']
	},
	{
		name: "CAP",
		section: "Other Metagames",

		ruleset: ['CAP Pokemon', 'Standard', 'Team Preview'],
		banlist: ['Uber', 'Soul Dew', 'Gengarite', 'Kangaskhanite', 'Lucarionite', 'Swagger']
	},
	{
		name: "Challenge Cup",
		section: "Other Metagames",

		team: 'randomCC',
		ruleset: ['Pokemon', 'HP Percentage Mod']
	},
	{
		name: "Challenge Cup 1-vs-1",
		section: "Other Metagames",

		team: 'randomCC',
		ruleset: ['Pokemon', 'Team Preview 1v1', 'HP Percentage Mod'],
		onBegin: function () {
			this.debug('Cutting down to 1');
			this.p1.pokemon = this.p1.pokemon.slice(0, 1);
			this.p1.pokemonLeft = this.p1.pokemon.length;
			this.p2.pokemon = this.p2.pokemon.slice(0, 1);
			this.p2.pokemonLeft = this.p2.pokemon.length;
		}
	},
	{
		name: "Balanced Hackmons",
		section: "Other Metagames",

		ruleset: ['Pokemon', 'OHKO Clause', 'HP Percentage Mod', 'Ability Clause'],
		banlist: ['Wonder Guard', 'Shadow Tag', 'Arena Trap', 'Pure Power', 'Huge Power', 'Parental Bond']
	},
	{
		name: "Hackmons",
		section: "Other Metagames",

		ruleset: ['Pokemon', 'HP Percentage Mod'],
		banlist: []
	},
	{
		name: "Sky Battles",
		section: "Other Metagames",

		validateSet: function (set) {
			var template = this.getTemplate(set.species || set.name);
			if (template.types.indexOf('Flying') === -1 && set.ability !== 'Levitate') {
				return [set.species + " is not a Flying type and does not have the ability Levitate."];
			}
		},
		ruleset: ['Pokemon', 'Standard', 'Evasion Abilities Clause', 'Team Preview'],
		banlist: [
			// Banned items
			'Soul Dew', 'Iron Ball', 'Pinsirite', 'Gengarite',
			// Banned moves
			'Body Slam', 'Bulldoze', 'Dig', 'Dive', 'Earth Power', 'Earthquake', 'Electric Terrain', 'Fire Pledge', 'Fissure',
			'Flying Press', 'Frenzy Plant', 'Geomancy', 'Grass Knot', 'Grass Pledge', 'Grassy Terrain', 'Gravity', 'Heavy Slam',
			'Ingrain', "Land's Wrath", 'Magnitude', 'Mat Block', 'Misty Terrain', 'Mud Sport', 'Muddy Water', 'Rototiller',
			'Seismic Toss', 'Slam', 'Smack Down', 'Spikes', 'Stomp', 'Substitute', 'Surf', 'Toxic Spikes', 'Water Pledge', 'Water Sport',
			// Banned Pokémon
			// Illegal Flying-types
			'Pidgey', 'Spearow', "Farfetch'd", 'Doduo', 'Dodrio', 'Hoothoot', 'Natu', 'Murkrow', 'Delibird', 'Taillow', 'Starly', 'Chatot',
			'Shaymin-Sky', 'Pidove', 'Archen', 'Ducklett', 'Rufflet', 'Vullaby', 'Fletchling', 'Hawlucha',
			// Illegal Levitators
			'Gastly', 'Gengar',
			// Illegal Megas
			'Pinsir-Mega', 'Gengar-Mega',
			// Illegal Ubers
			'Arceus-Flying', 'Giratina', 'Giratina-Origin', 'Ho-Oh', 'Lugia', 'Rayquaza', 'Yveltal'
		]
	},
	{
		name: "Inverse Battle",
		section: "Other Metagames",

		mod: 'inverse',
		ruleset: ['Pokemon', 'Standard', 'Team Preview'],
		banlist: ['Kangaskhanite', 'Soul Dew',
			'Arceus',
			'Darkrai',
			'Deoxys-Attack',
			'Deoxys',
			'Gengarite',
			'Giratina', 'Giratina-Origin',
			'Groudon',
			'Ho-Oh',
			'Kyogre',
			'Kyurem-Black',
			'Lugia',
			'Mewtwo',
			'Palkia',
			'Rayquaza',
			'Reshiram',
			'Shaymin-Sky',
			'Kyurem-White',
			'Xerneas',
			'Yveltal',
			'Zekrom'
		]
	},
	{
		name: "1v1",
		section: 'Other Metagames',

		onBegin: function () {
			this.p1.pokemon = this.p1.pokemon.slice(0, 1);
			this.p1.pokemonLeft = this.p1.pokemon.length;
			this.p2.pokemon = this.p2.pokemon.slice(0, 1);
			this.p2.pokemonLeft = this.p2.pokemon.length;
		},
		ruleset: ['Pokemon', 'Standard'],
		banlist: ['Unreleased', 'Illegal', 'Focus Sash', 'Kangaskhanite', 'Soul Dew',
			'Destiny Bond', 'Explosion', 'Final Gambit', 'Healing Wish', 'Lunar Dance', 'Memento', 'Perish Song', 'Selfdestruct',
			'Arceus', 'Blaziken', 'Darkrai', 'Deoxys', 'Deoxys-Attack', 'Dialga', 'Giratina', 'Giratina-Origin', 'Groudon', 'Ho-Oh', 'Kyogre', 'Kyurem-White', 'Lugia', 'Mewtwo', 'Palkia', 'Rayquaza', 'Reshiram', 'Shaymin-Sky', 'Xerneas', 'Yveltal', 'Zekrom'
		]
	},
	{
		name: "OU Monotype",
		section: "Other Metagames",

		ruleset: ['OU', 'Same Type Clause']
	},
	{
		name: "Middle Cup",
		section: "Other Metagames",

		ruleset: ['Pokemon', 'Team Preview', 'Standard'],
		banlist: ['Illegal', 'Eviolite'],
		maxLevel: 50,
		defaultLevel: 50,
		validateSet: function (set) {
			var template = this.getTemplate(set.species || set.name);
			if (!template.evos || template.evos.length === 0 || !template.prevo) {
				return [set.species + " is not the middle Pokémon in an evolution chain."];
			}
		}
	},
	{
		name: "STABmons",
		section: "Other Metagames",

		searchShow: false,
		ruleset: ['OU'],
		banlist: []
	},
	{
		name: "Ability Exchange",
		section: "Other Metagames",

		searchShow: false,
		ruleset: ['Pokemon', 'Ability Exchange Pokemon', 'Sleep Clause Mod', 'Species Clause', 'OHKO Clause', 'Moody Clause', 'Evasion Moves Clause', 'HP Percentage Mod', 'Team Preview'],
		banlist: ['Unreleased', 'Illegal', 'Ignore Illegal Abilities', 'Uber', 'Soul Dew', 'Gengarite', 'Kangaskhanite', 'Slaking', 'Regigigas']
	},
	{
		name: "Averagemons",
		section: "Other Metagames",

		searchShow: false,
		mod: 'averagemons',
		ruleset: ['Pokemon', 'Standard', 'Evasion Abilities Clause', 'Team Preview'],
		banlist: ['Soul Dew', 'Thick Club', 'Deepseatooth', 'Deepseascale', 'Light Ball', 'Mawilite', 'Medichamite', 'Eviolite', 'Shedinja', 'Smeargle', 'Huge Power', 'Pure Power']
	},
	{
		name: "Alphabet Cup",
		section: "Other Metagames",

		searchShow: false,
		ruleset: ['Pokemon', 'Team Preview', 'Standard'],
		banlist: [
			'Soul Dew', 'Gengarite', 'Kangaskhanite', 'Mewtwonite X', 'Mewtwonite Y', 'Swoobat',
			'Arceus', 'Blaziken', 'Darkrai', 'Deoxys', 'Deoxys-Attack', 'Dialga', 'Giratina', 'Giratina-Origin', 'Groudon', 'Ho-Oh',
			'Kyogre', 'Kyurem-White', 'Lugia', 'Mewtwo', 'Palkia', 'Rayquaza', 'Reshiram', 'Shaymin-Sky', 'Xerneas', 'Yveltal', 'Zekrom'
		],
		validateTeam: function (team, format) {
			var letters = {};
			var letter = '';
			for (var i = 0; i < team.length; i++) {
				letter = Tools.getTemplate(team[i]).species.slice(0, 1).toUpperCase();
				if (letter in letters) return ['Your team cannot have more that one Pokémon starting with the letter "' + letter + '".'];
				letters[letter] = 1;
			}
		}
	},
	{
		name: "[Gen 5] Glitchmons",
		section: "Other Metagames",

		mod: 'gen5',
		searchShow: false,
		ruleset: ['Pokemon', 'Team Preview', 'HP Percentage Mod'],
		banlist: ['Illegal', 'Unreleased'],
		mimicGlitch: true
	},

	// BW2 Singles
	///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

	// {
	// 	name: "[Gen 5] CAP Cawmodore Playtest",
	// 	section: "BW2 Singles",

	// 	mod: 'gen5',
	// 	ruleset: ['CAP Pokemon', 'Standard', 'Evasion Abilities Clause', 'Team Preview'],
	// 	banlist: ['Uber', 'Drizzle ++ Swift Swim', 'Soul Dew', "Tomohawk", "Necturna", "Mollux", "Aurumoth", "Malaconda", "Syclant", "Revenankh", "Pyroak", "Fidgit", "Stratagem", "Arghonaut", "Kitsunoh", "Cyclohm", "Colossoil", "Krilowatt", "Voodoom"]
	// },
	{
		name: "[Gen 5] OU",
		section: "BW2 Singles",
		column: 2,

		mod: 'gen5',
		ruleset: ['Pokemon', 'Standard', 'Evasion Abilities Clause', 'Team Preview'],
		banlist: ['Uber', 'Drizzle ++ Swift Swim', 'Soul Dew']
	},
	{
		name: "[Gen 5] Ubers",
		section: "BW2 Singles",

		mod: 'gen5',
		ruleset: ['Pokemon', 'Team Preview', 'Standard Ubers'],
		banlist: []
	},
	{
		name: "[Gen 5] UU",
		section: "BW2 Singles",

		mod: 'gen5',
		ruleset: ['[Gen 5] OU'],
		banlist: ['OU', 'BL', 'Drought', 'Sand Stream']
	},
	{
		name: "[Gen 5] RU",
		section: "BW2 Singles",

		mod: 'gen5',
		ruleset: ['[Gen 5] UU'],
		banlist: ['UU', 'BL2', 'Shell Smash + Baton Pass', 'Snow Warning']
	},
	{
		name: "[Gen 5] NU",
		section: "BW2 Singles",

		mod: 'gen5',
		ruleset: ['[Gen 5] RU'],
		banlist: ['RU', 'BL3', 'Prankster + Assist']
	},
	{
		name: "[Gen 5] LC",
		section: "BW2 Singles",

		mod: 'gen5',
		maxLevel: 5,
		ruleset: ['Pokemon', 'Standard', 'Team Preview', 'Little Cup'],
		banlist: ['Sonicboom', 'Dragon Rage', 'Berry Juice', 'Carvanha', 'Meditite', 'Gligar', 'Scyther', 'Sneasel', 'Tangela', 'Vulpix', 'Yanma', 'Soul Dew']
	},
	{
		name: "[Gen 5] GBU Singles",
		section: "BW2 Singles",

		mod: 'gen5',
		validateSet: function (set) {
			if (!set.level || set.level >= 50) set.forcedLevel = 50;
			return [];
		},
		onBegin: function () {
			this.debug('cutting down to 3');
			this.p1.pokemon = this.p1.pokemon.slice(0, 3);
			this.p1.pokemonLeft = this.p1.pokemon.length;
			this.p2.pokemon = this.p2.pokemon.slice(0, 3);
			this.p2.pokemonLeft = this.p2.pokemon.length;
		},
		ruleset: ['Pokemon', 'Standard GBU', 'Team Preview GBU'],
		banlist: ['Sky Drop', 'Dark Void']
	},
	{
		name: "[Gen 5] Custom Game",
		section: "BW2 Singles",

		mod: 'gen5',
		searchShow: false,
		canUseRandomTeam: true,
		debug: true,
		maxLevel: 9999,
		defaultLevel: 100,
		// no restrictions, for serious (other than team preview)
		ruleset: ['Team Preview']
	},

	// BW2 Doubles
	///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

	{
		name: "[Gen 5] Smogon Doubles",
		section: 'BW2 Doubles',
		column: 2,

		mod: 'gen5',
		gameType: 'doubles',
		ruleset: ['Pokemon', 'Standard', 'Evasion Abilities Clause', 'Team Preview'],
		banlist: ['Unreleased', 'Illegal', 'Dark Void', 'Soul Dew', 'Sky Drop',
			'Mewtwo',
			'Lugia',
			'Ho-Oh',
			'Kyogre',
			'Groudon',
			'Rayquaza',
			'Dialga',
			'Palkia',
			'Giratina', 'Giratina-Origin',
			'Arceus',
			'Reshiram',
			'Zekrom',
			'Kyurem-White'
		]
	},
	{
		name: "[Gen 5] GBU Doubles",
		section: 'BW2 Doubles',

		mod: 'gen5',
		gameType: 'doubles',
		onBegin: function () {
			this.debug('cutting down to 4');
			this.p1.pokemon = this.p1.pokemon.slice(0, 4);
			this.p1.pokemonLeft = this.p1.pokemon.length;
			this.p2.pokemon = this.p2.pokemon.slice(0, 4);
			this.p2.pokemonLeft = this.p2.pokemon.length;
		},
		maxForcedLevel: 50,
		ruleset: ['Pokemon', 'Standard GBU', 'Team Preview VGC'],
		banlist: ['Sky Drop', 'Dark Void']
	},
	{
		name: "[Gen 5] Doubles Custom Game",
		section: 'BW2 Doubles',

		mod: 'gen5',
		gameType: 'doubles',
		searchShow: false,
		canUseRandomTeam: true,
		debug: true,
		maxLevel: 9999,
		defaultLevel: 100,
		// no restrictions, for serious (other than team preview)
		ruleset: ['Team Preview']
	}

];

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


This article offers a new positive theory of bankruptcy law based on virtue ethics. Virtue ethics is one of the three major schools of moral philosophy, and is rooted in the philosophy of Aristotle, among others. Virtue ethics appears to offer a better account of bankruptcy law than competing theories for at least two reasons. First, both virtue ethics and bankruptcy law are focused on concerns such as fairness and justice that underlie common notions of morality. Second, virtue ethics' decision-making process appears comparable to how bankruptcy judges decide cases, particularly where the bankruptcy court's equitable jurisdiction or discretionary powers are implicated. Other theories have failed to provide an adequate positive theory of bankruptcy law and this article seeks to fill that gap.
The workshop begins with lunch at 12:45 P.M. and will run until 2:00 P.M. You can find the full schedule of fall workshops here.


For this exercise, I'm going to refer to a six pack of GE 26 watt CFLs, which you can get at Wal-Mart for $15.16, giving them a cost of $2.53 a bulb. These bulbs claim 100 watt equivalence, but I actually find their brightness to be between a 75 watt and 100 watt bulb, so we'll compare them to 75 watt bulbs. For comparison's sake, a four pack of GE's 75 watt incandescents at Amazon is $4.11, or $1.03 a bulb.
1. The bulbs themselves are cheaper. If you compare the lifespan of the bulbs on the package, the incandescent bulbs work for 750 hours, while the CFL has a rated life of 8,000 hours. Just using that number, that means that the cost of regular incandescents over 8,000 hours is $10.99, while the single CFL over 8,000 hours costs only $2.53 for the bulb, a total savings of $8.46. Even if you don't believe that the lifespan is really that long, even half that long for the CFL, the long term cost is still cheaper for the CFL. From my experience, I have yet to have a single CFL burn out after more than a year of using GE CFLs.
2. The per-hour cost of energy for CFLs is cheaper. The CFL uses 26 watts; the incandescent bulb uses 75 watts. That's a difference of 49 watts per hour of usage in favor of the CFL. Let's say you use a bulb for 4 hours a day, and your energy cost is $0.10 per kilowatt hour. With those rates, one 26 watt CFL in a socket instead of a 75 watt incandescent saves you $7.16 over the course of a year. Let's say there are twenty bulbs in your home. That's $150 right there.
3. The time involved is less. Let's say it takes two minutes to change a light bulb, including the time involved buying it, fishing it out of storage, unscrewing the old one, screwing in the new one, and disposing of the old one. Let's also assume 8,000 hours of usage, which at a rate of 4 hours a day is 2,000 days of usage, or about four and a half years. Over that time, you'll invest two minutes in changing CFL bulbs versus twenty one minutes changing incandescent bulbs. Multiply that by a theoretical twenty bulbs in your house and you're talking about six and a half hours of time lost changing incandescent bulbs. That number seems preposterous, but check the math yourself.
4. They cut carbon emissions. Based on this table, on average in the United States, 1.35 pounds of carbon is emitted per kilowatt hour. Over twenty one hours of usage, a 26 watt CFL bulb reduces your energy consumption by one kilowatt hour over a 75 watt incandescent bulb – at four hours a day, that happens for each bulb every five and a quarter days. Thus, for twenty bulbs in your home, over the course of a year you'll eliminate nearly a ton of carbon dioxide emissions (1,877 pounds, to be precise). If you're concerned about disposal of CFL bulbs, most municipal areas have a recycling center that will take CFLs and properly dispose of them – here's a locator – so that the gases in them won't wind up in a landfill (and neither will the glass).
5. You can save $1 on a GE CFL during July 2007. If you're still held back by the cost, GE is offering a $1 off coupon for any package of GE Energy Smart CFL bulbs – even the single bulb package. This trims the above-described package of a six pack of 26 watt bulbs down to $14.16, or $2.36 a bulb, which actually makes the calculations above even better for CFLs.
There's really no excuse not to switch – or at least try them out – at this point. If you're concerned about lighting, use the coupon to buy a small quantity of CFLs (remember to get one of a higher equivalent wattage than what you use) and try them out. Even if you don't like them for primary lighting, there are out-of-the-way places in every home where they can be used – closets and so forth.
CFLs are one of the simplest frugal choices you can make – give them a shot this month.


Superyacht Mikhail S. Vorontsov is a three-masted classic yacht with a concept design by Valeriy G. Stepanenko, measuring 63.5 m in length over all and a launch date in 2012. Mikhail S. Vorontsov yacht's naval architecture is by Dykstra & Partners and the DVS Project Group. Her stunning interior is a work of the well known design studio Ken Freivokh Design. Both Ken Freivokh and Dykstra & Partners worked on the exterior styling of the yacht. Balk Shipyard in the Netherlands has been responsible for the outfitting and completing the construction of M.S. Vorontsov to the highest possible superyacht standards.


Data: 2015 0) and low (L, EBV 0) prolificacy phenotypes. For each sample, mRNA and small RNA libraries were RNA-sequenced, identifying 141 genes and 10 miRNAs differentially expressed between H and L groups. We selected four miRNAs based on their role in reproduction, and five genes displaying the highest differences and a positive mapping into known reproductive QTLs for RT-qPCR validation on the whole extreme population. Significant differences were validated for genes: PTGS2 (p = 0.03; H/L ratio = 3.50), PTHLH (p = 0.03; H/L ratio = 3.69), MMP8 (p = 0.01; H/L ratio = 4.41) and SCNN1G (p = 0.04; H/L ratio = 3.42). Although selected miRNAs showed similar expression levels between H and L groups, significant correlation was found between the expression level of ssc-miR-133a (p 0.01) and sscmiR-92a (p 0.01) and validated genes. These results provide a better understanding of the genetic architecture of prolificacy-related traits and embryo implantation failure in pigs.


text:
Future,Intellectual Property,Law,Metaverse Copyright,Metaverse,NFT,Tech,Trademarks
Image: MetaBirkins
Looking Back at the Rise of NFTs & Lessons for Brands Going Forward
December 14, 2022 - By Lorraine Tay and Pin-Ping Oh
Non-fungible tokens ("NFTs") – along with "metaverse" – were among some of the buzziest words of the year. No shortage of brands looked to NFTs to provide new and interesting opportunities to promote their products and services, and an avenue to introduce new products; while the metaverse promises to one day be an entirely new playground and marketplace for consumers and companies, alike. However, a field of opportunity can also be a minefield for the unwary. As with many new technologies in the past, questions have arisen as to how traditional intellectual property laws should be applied to NFTs. While it is often copyright law that bears the brunt of such challenges, NFTs have turned the heat on trademark laws this year. Against this background, two cases that are currently ongoing before U.S. courts touch on brand-related issues and offer takeaways for brand owners.
Nike v. StockX and Hermès v. Rothschild
In Nike Inc. v StockX LLC, Nike is suing online marketplace StockX for trademark infringement, unfair competition, trademark dilution, counterfeiting, and false advertising for launching its Vault NFT collection tied to actual Nike sneakers. A key question that has arisen in the case is whether StockX's NFTs are mere "claim tickets" to facilitate the trading of the physical sneakers to which they are tied (as StockX claims) or digital products in and of themselves. StockX is arguing that it is using NFTs as digital receipts and/or in the same way e-commerce retailers use images and descriptions of products online. Nike, on the other hand, contends that StockX's NFTs are more than merely digital receipts because they are bundled with additional StockX services and benefits, can be redeemed by StockX for a fee thereby depriving the NFT owners of the physical goods, and are also at times sold for many times more than the price of the actual Nike sneakers at play.
The distinction between claim ticket and digital product is important because if the NFTs are simply claim tickets, as StockX says, Nike could be prevented from enforcing its rights by virtue of the U.S. "first-sale doctrine." The doctrine prescribes that the enforceability of the trademark (or copyright) in a product is exhausted after the product is first sold by or put into the market under the authority of the trademark owner. If the doctrine applies, Nike may not be able to successfully prevent use of its marks by StockX in connection with the legitimate reselling of Nike sneakers.
In another case, Hermès International et al. v Mason Rothschild, Hermès is suing the creator of a collection of "MetaBirkins" NFTs for allegedly infringing its registered trademarks (for "BIRKIN" and the configuration of its iconic Birkin handbag), false designation of origin, and trademark dilution. The "MetaBirkins" NFTs are associated with digital images, created by Rothschild, of Hermès' Birkin handbags covered in fur in furtherance of what he claims is "a commentary on fashion's history of cruelty to animals, and its current embrace of alternative fur-free and textile initiatives." To be clear, unlike in the StockX case, these NFTs are not tied to physical handbags.
Rothschild sought to get the lawsuit dismissed on the basis that he is shielded from Hermès' claims by the First Amendment, arguing that he is using "MetaBirkins" as the title of his artworks rather than, as Hermès claims, to identify the source of the NFTs. Under U.S. law, in the context of titles of artistic works, the First Amendment would ordinarily defeat any trademark infringement claim unless the use of the mark has no artistic relevance to the work and/or the use is explicitly misleading as to the source of the works.
However, a New York federal court refused to dismiss the suit on the basis that both of these issues – that is, whether the use of Hermès' trademarks had artistic relevance or was explicitly misleading – were issues that had to be fully considered by the court. The lawsuit will therefore proceed to trial (unless the parties settle).
Lessons for Brand Owners
There are no clear answers – yet – to many of the issues that are before the U.S. courts when it comes to the realm of NFTs and the metaverse more broadly. However, we can decipher some lessons for brand owners from these enduring legal fights …
1. Consider trademark protection in the metaverse
To succeed in a trademark infringement claim, a brand owner has to show that the alleged infringing goods or services are identical, or at least similar, to the goods and services covered by the brand owner's trademark registrations. Both Nike and Hermès have a string of registrations for physical goods – footwear or handbags, but neither has protection for virtual versions of these goods. Beginning in October 2021, Nike filed applications to register its marks in connection with "downloadable virtual goods, namely computer programs featuring footwear" (i.e., digital sneaker NFTs) and "retail store services featuring virtual goods, namely footwear" (i.e., a digital sneaker NFT trading platform). However, these applications are still pending as of the time of writing.
As much as brand owners would certainly argue that NFT or other digital versions of their products are extensions of their product lines, albeit in the metaverse, so that a license or authorization is required to trade in such products, it remains to be seen if a court will agree that a virtual version of a good is identical or similar to its physical cousin. The analysis of similarity of goods generally takes into account factors, such as the nature of the goods and their respective uses, users and trade channels. A number of these factors would appear to weigh against a finding of similarity between physical and virtual products.
Notably, under trademark law, a mark can be accorded extended protection – for dissimilar goods and services as well – if the brand owner can show that the mark is "well-known" in the jurisdiction in question. However, most brands will find it difficult to surmount the high threshold of proof required. Additionally, while a brand owner could rely on alternative causes of action that are not reliant on a showing of goods similarity, these are subject to their own unique requirements and challenges.
Therefore, brand owners may wish to consider extending the protection for their marks to the digital realm and obtain registrations not just for physical goods and services but also virtual versions of the same. (It is worth noting that in the U.S., actual use of a mark gives rise to rights, making it so that Nike, for instance, which has been using its marks way of partnerships with video game companies, such as Xbox, for years, and more recently, with Roblox, has rights in its well-known marks for use on virtual goods and services even if it does not yet have NFT or metaverse-specific registrations.)
Thinking even further ahead, given the explosion in digital activity in recent years and the potential to exploit their brand assets even more, brand owners may wish to explore the range of practical use cases for NFTs (for instance, e-gaming) and seek protection in the relevant classes to facilitate exploitation and enforcement.
2. Potential challenges with establishing confusion
A key element of claims based on trademark infringement and passing-off (which is a common law tort premised on misrepresentation) is the requirement to establish a likelihood of confusion (that is, that consumers may be confused as to the source of the alleged infringer's goods or services). In other words, in order to succeed in an infringement claim, a trademark holder would need to show that consumers would be misled into believing that the alleged infringing NFT originates from or is somehow related to the trademark owner.
However, there could be a plethora of factors that impact the issue of "confusion" that should form part of a brand owner's considerations when evaluating the merits of any enforcement action – for instance:
Disclaimers – The presence of a disclaimer on the NFT platform could serve to dispel possible confusion. For instance, StockX is arguing that its users are not confused about the nature of the Vault NFTs because its website makes it clear that its NFTs are "not affiliated or associated with, sponsored, by, or officially connected to Nike…" and that Nike's marks are used "solely to refer to the physical product to which [its NFT] corresponds." Nike, however, contends that this disclaimer is not noticeable to potential buyers of the StockX NFTs, and therefore, ineffective.
(In the MetaBirkins case, Hermès goes so far as to argue that the disclaimer on the MetaBirkins website is not only ineffective because it is "absent from all other channels upon which the NFTs are promoted and/or sold," but actually makes matters worse, as it "excessively uses the HERMÈS mark three times," and also "unnecessarily links to Hermès' website and capitalizes the HERMÈS mark," thereby, creating "a confusing impression among consumers as to Hermès' sponsorship of the MetaBirkins NFTs and the MetaBirkins website.")
Identity of the creator – Another consideration is the identity of the creator and whether the offending NFTs are offered as part of a line. In particular, the offer by a platform or business of a branded NFT that is part of a line would seem to be more suggestive of some form of collaboration with or endorsement by the brand owner, than an offer by an individual end-user of a standalone NFT.
Physical NFTs – Physical NFTs are NFTs (i.e., digital code) that are tied to physical goods, such as StockX's Vault NFTs. This type of NFT has been touted as being useful in tracking the provenance of and title to goods, such as fine art, wine, and other collectibles. The more widely physical NFTs are used for such purposes, the more likely that consumers will view them as being mere digital tools to facilitate trading, rather than products in and of themselves, and the less likely that they will be misled into thinking that a NFT linked to a particular branded good must originate from the brand owner.
3. Copyright infringement as a possible back-up claim
Another avenue for brand owners to consider when dealing in the virtual realm is copyright. Copyright infringement is not reliant on considerations of the similarity of the goods/services or consumer perceptions, but instead, is premised on the unauthorized reproduction and dissemination of the copyrighted work. As such, if there is a challenge with establishing the elements of the trademark-related causes of action, copyright infringement potentially could serve as an alternative ground of complaint. The main challenges on this front lie in tackling possible "fair use" defenses, and in some cases, with establishing copyright ownership.
The Singapore Copyright Act 2021 provides for a U.S.-style general fair use defense, which is not purpose-specific, but instead, looks to a list of non-exhaustive factors, including the purpose and character of the alleged infringing use, and its effect on the potential market for or value of the original work in determining whether a particular use is "fair." Additionally, while there is no equivalent of the U.S. First Amendment (i.e., free speech) rights in Singapore, there is a specific defense of fair use for the purpose of criticism or commentary.
First use defenses are likely to be raised in the NFT scenario. For the general fair use defense, a key question would be whether use of works in connection with NFTs can be said to be "transformative" in the sense that an NFT adds something new and is used for a further purpose. The specific defense for criticism or commentary, on the other hand, could potentially apply in a scenario akin to that in the "MetaBirkins" case, at least in theory, given Rothschild's argument that he is using the underlying artworks as a commentary on luxury goods and the practices of the industry.
It is also important to note the potential challenges in establishing copyright ownership, which could derail enforcement efforts. While Singapore provides a statutory presumption of ownership, this can be challenged by the defendant in good faith, upon which the claimant will have to prove ownership. For many rights holders, this could pose a challenge where there is no clear chain of title or records are patchy, or where the infringing NFTs are based on a fictional character that has been widely depicted or represented, making it difficult to trace the lineage of the particular work or works that have been misused.
With the foregoing in mind, there is increasing speculation that many NFTs lost their luster given the plethora of legal issues, commercial risks, market fluctuations, and other uncertainties. Even so, given the relatively low gas fees (to mint an NFT) and the potential promise of high returns, there remains a draw – even if it involves companies revisiting how, exactly, they will utilize and present this technology to consumers going forward. In light of such potentially enduring relevance for NFTs, brand owners will likely face this phenomenon for some time to come.
The outcomes of the Nike v. StockX and MetaBirkins cases will undoubtedly have a significant impact on how brand owners and IP users alike navigate the NFT minefield in the future. Until then and given the highly uncertain landscape, brand owners will be well advised to ensure that they have a good grasp of their rights, along with the relevant facts before charging forwards with all guns blazing. Fundamentally, it is also timely for brand owners to conduct an audit of their existing intellectual property portfolios to identify any gaps in chain of title or protection, and to plug these gaps, if necessary, to ensure that they are well placed to tackle the challenges to come as companies exploit what the digital realm has to offer.
Lorraine Tay is the joint managing partner of Bird & Bird ATMD and head of the firm's Intellectual Property Group in Singapore.
Pin-Ping Oh is a partner in Bird & Bird's Intellectual Property Group in Singapore and part of the Media, Entertainment & Sports team.


text:
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Interested in joining Holmes County 4-H? Who Can Join? Ohio 4-H membership is based on a child's age and grade as of January 1 of the current project year. Eligibility for Cloverbud participation begins when a child is enrolled in Kindergarten and i ...
2023 East Ohio Women in Agriculture Conference
https://coshocton.osu.edu/news/2023-east-ohio-women-agriculture-conference
OSU Extension to Host 2023 East Ohio Women in Agriculture Conference Ohio State University (OSU) Extension will host the 8th Annual East Ohio Women in Agriculture Conference. The conference is planned for Friday, March 24 from 9:00 a.m. – 3:30 p.m. at the ...
2023 Pesticide and Fertilizer Recertification Training Dates
https://holmes.osu.edu/news/pesticide-recertificationfertilizer-application-certification-training-dates-private-applicator
2023 Private Pesticide Applicator & Fertilizer Recertification trainings scheduled in Holmes County: January 26, 2023- john deere day, harvest ridge fairgrounds, 8880 state route 39, millersburg, oh 44654 Pesticide Application Recertification: 9:00 a. ...
2023 Livestock Commodities Royalty and Scholarship Applications Available
https://hardin.osu.edu/news/2023-livestock-commodities-royalty-and-scholarship-applications-available
2023 LIVESTOCK ROYALTY AND SCHOLARSHIPS Royalty and Scholarship applications are now available in the links below. Please pay close attention to all application deadline dates. If you have any questions, contact the Hardin County Extension office at 419. ...
Join our team! Now hiring a SNAP-Ed Program Assistant
https://coshocton.osu.edu/news/join-our-team-now-hiring-snaped-program-assistant
Spring Garden Seminar
https://hardin.osu.edu/news/spring-garden-seminar-2
The Master Gardener Volunteers of Hardin County are delighted to present their annual Spring Garden Seminar "Something Old, New, Tried & True in the Garden" on Thursday, March 9th, 2023 at the Mid-Ohio Energy Cooperative Community Room, 1210 W Lima St ...
Starting a Food Business: Selling Home-Based Foods
https://coshocton.osu.edu/events/starting-food-business
OSU webinar series offers help for home-based and farm-raised food businesses A recent USDA survey identified 7,107 farms in Ohio with direct food sales—the third highest state in the nation. That might be why OSU's Agricultural & Resource Law Progra ...
Starting a Food Business: Selling Meat & Poultry
https://coshocton.osu.edu/events/starting-food-business-selling-meat-poultry
Starting a Food Business Webinar: Start Up Basics
https://coshocton.osu.edu/events/starting-food-business-webinar-start-basics


Get out from being a tenant and become a landlord.
Looking for a ready to develop property in a fenced and gated environment, look no further.
Alleluia Acres (Buy and Build) located in Powe village, (Eluju) Ibeju-Lekki comes already cleared fenced, gated and ready for habitation.
*No paper allocation* Get your allocation within one week of subscription.


← IMP: SCCOE Meeting TONIGHT at 7 pm | Show YOUR Support!
It was inspiring and humbling to see your support for your school at the SCCOE board meeting a couple of days ago. 300+ MSA-SC students, parents and teachers turned out to show their solidarity and to urge elected officials to find a solution to the situation facing us: closure of the school. It was this show of community spirit which made the SCCOE board members urge the SCUSD to consider the 'human factor' in the situation while considering the school closure- the human factor which involves a life changing school closure for ~500 students, their parents and staff.
We are asking for a one year school lease extension. The SCUSD plans to leave the campus empty for the next year- we are urging them to let our students stay! Please sign our Change.org PETITION and share it with your whole friend circle, your extended family, everybody you know! It doesn't matter if they are local or not, if they believe in EDUCATION and CHOICES, then it is an easy decision to sign our Petition.
We've come so far together, let's continue this journey to make our children's lives better!
Thank you for reading, signing and sharing with as many people as you can via email, facebook, Twitter and other social media.
This entry was posted in MSASC, MSASCPTO, Parents, Protest, School, Silicon Valley, Spirit, Students, Teachers and tagged California, charter, children, community, Education, events, kids, MSA-SC, MSASC, MSASCPTO, Parent Teacher Organization, parents, petition, Santa Clara, SCCOE, school, Silicon Valley, students, teachers. Bookmark the permalink.


Come June 11th, If you have Google Maps on your website you're going to have to give Google permission to bill you.
Recently Google announced that they are changing the entire Google Maps feature. Below are the two main changes you'll see from Google Maps this time around, and what you're going to have to change as a result.
Lots of websites use these features to help people find and visit their businesses.
Google has changed their pricing plan to be pay-as-you-to, rather than the Standard and Premium plans they had before. But that means EVERYone will need to sign up for this new pricing.
If you're not currently paying to have Maps on your website, don't worry. You probably still won't have to pay. Google will give everyone $200 of free monthly usage for the Maps core products, which is plenty for most websites.
Even though you likely aren't going to pay for this service, you will be required to setup your own Google account and provide billing information. That way, if you go over your free $200/month, you won't have a disruption in service.
Google is promising to bring simplicity and improved user experience and features with the new platform. The good news is that these changes won't affect the code for your site. However, as of June 11th, Google will require billing information to be attached to your account. This means that if KEEN or any other web developer made your website, you'll probably need to create your own Google Account for your website.
Need some help to get your website back in tip-top shape?
If you read Step 5 and thought "What other updates!?" it is a good time to ask yourself when the last time your site had a physical was. Sometimes websites might not get the technical updates they require, which can leave your site vulnerable to hacking and other issues.
At KEEN, we offer ongoing site maintenance that helps keep your site running smoothly and securely. We'll make sure your web plugins are updated, the site is backed up, security certificates are up-to-date, and more.
And if you're reading this and are like dammit I should really update my site and these KEEN folks seem pretty cool but I haven't worked with them before, reach out. Chances are we'll think you're pretty cool too!


Caitlyn Jenner For … Senate?
UN Ambassador Nikki Haley To Meet With … Caitlyn Jenner?
Mad At Trump, Caitlyn Jenner Might Run For Office!
This Professor Had The Gall To Say That Transgenderism And Transracialism Are The Same. Now She's Being Destroyed By Leftist Academia.


With apologies to Sesame Street's Kermit the Frog, it is easy being a green homeowner. And it may be profitable, too.
To green your home you need to invest in a number of energy and water-saving measures that result in lower energy costs. While the initial cost of your green investment may be higher, greening your home can give you an immediate saving of 30% to 60% off your energy costs. Incentives offered by government and local electricity distribution companies will help too.
Best of all, when it's time to sell, you've increased your home's resale value – some say by as much as 10%.
A simple change of habits can start you on the road to a green home: For example, toasters, microwaves, computers and TVs steal "phantom power" – even when they're not in use. Unplug them for lower electricity bills.
Going greener may be as simple as installing energy efficient lighting, upgrading your appliances to Energy Star-rated products and switching to low-flow toilets and water-saving shower heads.
Outside, planting large deciduous trees on the west and south sides of your home moderates the temperature. The result: lower heating and cooling costs and an attractively landscaped yard.
To kick it up a notch, you could really reduce costs with energy efficient windows and insulation. A high-efficiency furnace will quickly pay for itself; as will an energy friendly air-conditioner.
You may even opt for installing solar panels to reduce your dependence on the electricity grid.
And when you're renovating, why not consider a green reno, using toxin-free building materials, cork or bamboo floors and low VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds) paint.
Ready to sell? Don't forget to trumpet your green investments. They may just sell your home.
Next Next post: No Granite? Don't Let That Be a Deal Breaker!


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Ledi Utomo (born 13 June 1983) is an Indonesian professional footballer who played as a defender.

Club statistics

References

External links

1983 births
Living people
Indonesian footballers
Liga 1 (Indonesia) players
Persitara Jakarta Utara players
PSMS Medan players
Indonesian Premier Division players
Persikota Tangerang players
Persita Tangerang players
Indonesia international footballers
Association football defenders
People from Tangerang
Sportspeople from Banten

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Trinidad Jame$ has been consistently dropping new material over the last few weeks, today the ATLien drops a new track titled 'No Excuses' featuring 31. 'No Excuses' comes equipped with some fresh artwork, channeling the stylings of Outkast along with some dope production from C4. Listen to 'No Excuses' above and expect a new project from Jame$ in September.


As always, you can click on an image to see it larger in the Gallery.
Previously published images from TEDxMidAtlantic 2011 are available here and here.
Steve was like a girl in the amount of time he spent talking about love. Love was his supreme virtue, his god of gods.
—From Mona Simpson's eulogy for her brother Steve Jobs.
As usual, click on an image to see it larger.
See also, yesterday's post. More to come tomorrow.
I spent a stimulating and exhausting day at TEDxMidAtlantic 2011. I've got some other photos to share, mostly just some documents, but I'm too bushed to put them up today.
Snow may be on the way.
Oh, how I wish I could rap in a way that would do justice to this perfect breakfast food!
You make it with stuff you probably already have in the house: butter, eggs, flour, milk. It takes 20 minutes. And now the true raison d'être of my seasoned cast-iron skillet has been revealed.
I had mine with agave syrup and fresh lemon juice drizzled on it. But frankly, you could put pretty much ANYTHING you like, savory or sweet as you prefer, on top of this and it would be yummy. It is eggy, and bready, and fluffy and chewy and moist all at once. Pancake meets waffle meets souflé.
Omelets, I am so over you!
Some people are kind enough to make their playgrounds available to the public when they can no longer use them themselves.
FlashFactory.com has been spamming my site with junk comments relentlessly for a week now. (The most laughable of which chided me for having bad spelling on my site, while itself being riddled with grotesque misspellings and hideous grammar.) I always have and always will moderate all comments and trackbacks. I will never publish a single spammy comment, EVAR.
Do not do business with obnoxious companies like FlashFactory.com who try to game the internet and distort search results with this kind of low-down, asinine behaivior.
FlashFactory.com is a bad citizen of the web.
Let's break some rules, shall we?
It's a sunset. Sunsets are big honkin' clichés. But you know what? I don't care!
Sunsets are about the sun and the sky. OR NOT. This one is more about the water and the dark weeds in the foreground.
Don't cut your image in half by putting the horizon dead center. Unless, y'know, it works best that way.
High ISO images are a waste of electrons. Says who? This was shot at ISO 1600 at f4:1/30. There's some noise, alright. I kinda like it.
A color palette shouldn't look like "One from columns A-E." Have a look, though: are these not the colors of a wonderful autumn wardrobe?
The moral of the story is: know the rules, understand why they are the rules, respect the rules enough to know when it's right to break them, and finally—own your creative choices, but don't be so stubborn that you can't admit it when it becomes clear that it wasn't artistic genius but rather a mistake born of ignorance and/or bloody-minded egotism.
I've seen so many fantastic pictures from Iceland that I've resolved I really must go there one day.


Show everyone how you California roll with this sushi embroidered tee. Wasabi is filled inside to add some spice to your life! This shirt will make you soy awesome anytime you eat sushi. Grab a shirt and have a rice day.
The embroidery is solid, color doesn't fade. So long as you use cold water in the wash it doesn't shrink. Looks hella good, too.


ArcView is the world's most popular desktop GIS and mapping software, with more than 500,000 copies in use worldwide. ArcView provides geographic data visualization, query, analysis, and integration capabilities along with the ability to create and edit geographic data. ArcView is designed with an easy-to-use user interface and includes VBA for customization. ArcView consists of two desktop applications: ArcMap and ArcCatalog. ArcMap provides data display, query, and analysis. ArcCatalog provides geographic and tabular data management, creation, and organization. ArcView is an exceptional stand-alone GIS as well as the entry point to ArcGIS, an integrated and scalable family of GIS software products. Together the ArcGIS family of products represents the most comprehensive, configurable, and flexible suite of GIS software available on the market today.


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•July 3, 2020
•Associated Press
•Mexico News
Mexico reverses course on some reopening as COVID-19 continues to spread
Mexico's coronavirus outbreak rose by about 6,740 newly confirmed cases Friday for a second straight day, while 654 more deaths raised the country's total to 29,843.
The number of deaths is the sixth-highest highest in the world, and Mexico is just a few dozen from overtaking France for the fifth-highest death toll, though Mexico's population is about double that of France.
The continued increase in cases and deaths has stalled Mexico's planned re-opening. The northern border state of Nuevo Leon, home to the city of Monterrey, declared a weekend curfew from 10 p.m. to 5 a.m.
Given the spike in cases in the United States, several Mexican border states announced they would establish temperature checks for visitors coming from the U.S., or require they show have hotel reservations or are engaged in some essential business or work activity.
The Mexico City government said Friday it will re-close some of the streets and businesses allowed to open during the week in the capital's historic colonial-era downtown, after crowding and a lack of sanitary measures were reported at some stores. While most customers and clients wore some form of face mask, many stores didn't reduce the number of clients allowed in, provide foot-wiping pads or sanitizer gel.
Mayor Claudia Sheinbaum said the re-closing of the Centro area "is not a punishment, it is simply a pause in the voyage."
The joint plan required the active participation of the government, the public and store owners, and Sheinbaum said it will now be rethought.
"We planned it together, we tried it and it got out of control," she said.


This class meets on Wednesdays, and there is a materials fee of $8 to be paid to the instructor on the first day of class. In this class we will explore nature using our pencils, focusing on drawing techniques for all those elements big and small. Bring a 9"x12" spiral bound sketchbook and a set of graphite pencils and eraser. This class is for beginners and experienced students.


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Vanguard to launch single-country China Select Stock Fund in 2022 amid delisting of U.S.-traded Chinese companies
This isn't a classic Vanguard index fund. It's a China-only actively managed fund with much higher fees.
Attendees at an opening ceremony for the Beijing Stock Exchange passed near a display showing the stock market prices in Beijing, Monday, Nov. 15, 2021. A stock exchange set up in the Chinese capital to serve entrepreneurs opened trading Monday with 81 companies amid a crackdown on the country's tech giants that has wiped more than $1 trillion off their market value abroad.Read moreNg Han Guan / AP
by Erin Arvedlund
In a departure, Vanguard plans to launch an actively managed single-country China mutual fund in 2022, and chose Wellington Management and Baillie Gifford as the portfolio managers, citing a "track record of outperformance in Chinese equity markets."
The $8.3 trillion fund giant is launching a U.S.-listed China mutual fund, despite Vanguard scrapping its local business in China itself.
Last week, some Chinese companies such as ride-sharing firm Didi dropped plans to list in the U.S., prompting a brutal sell-off in other Chinese companies. A Chinese government crackdown on the technology sector has wiped out roughly $1 trillion of shareholder value this year.
Vanguard in November filed an initial registration statement with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission to launch Vanguard China Select Stock Fund in the first quarter of 2022. The fund will invest in both onshore and offshore Chinese stocks and U.S.-listed companies.
"Vanguard research indicates that there is an opportunity for talented active managers to generate alpha in China's large, but inefficient, equity market," Kaitlyn Caughlin, head of Vanguard portfolio review department, said in a statement.
China is an "important part of both the equity and fixed income allocations of a globally diversified portfolio," the firm said, as the world's second-largest nation by GDP output and the third-largest by stock market capitalization.
And the higher fee makes clear this isn't a classic Vanguard low-cost index fund, though it is cheaper than competitors. The China Select Stock Fund's benchmark is the MSCI China All Shares Index and carries an estimated expense ratio of 0.83% for Investor shares and 0.73% for Admiral shares, compared with an average expense ratio of 1.14% for competing funds, Vanguard said.
China's leader, Xi Jinping, has shaken investors worldwide this year with a pointed campaign to assert state control over the economy. The government has fined big tech companies like Alibaba, the e-commerce titan, and the food-delivery giant Meituan for antitrust violations.
Vanguard took pains to spell out the risks, as this isn't an index fund: "While the fund may offer ... diversification benefits, the single-country focus may expose investors to more acute investment, geopolitical, and regulatory risks. The fund's country-specific concentration may drive ... greater volatility relative to the broad market and therefore should be thoughtfully integrated into a globally diversified portfolio."
China fund a change for Vanguard
"This is a big change," said Jeff DeMaso, editor and research director for the Independent Adviser for Vanguard Investors newsletter, which follows all things related to the company. "For Vanguard's U.S. investors, when it comes to foreign markets, the most granular Vanguard has ever gone is to offer regional funds" such as Europe or Asia, he said.
"They've never done a Japan fund, even when it was one of the largest economies in the world, nor a Germany fund or a U.K. fund."
Vanguard's China Select Stock Fund will be one of the most expensive in Vanguard's roster.
As for the managers' track records, the duo from Baillie Gifford — Sophie Earnshaw and Mike Gush — have some good history. Gush has managed a China Equities strategy at Baillie Gifford since 2006, while Earnshaw joined in 2013.
They have delivered outperformance "pretty much nonstop since the pre-global financial crisis peak of October 2007," DeMaso said. Baillie Gifford's China Equities strategy has returned 512% (or 12.3% annually) to their benchmark's 258% gain (or 8.5% annually).
Wellington's Bo Meunier has run an Ireland-domiciled fund since the end of January 2020, said DeMaso. Since its launch, Meunier's Wellington All-China Focused Equity has returned 56.6%. That's slightly ahead of Baillie Gifford's China Equities' 50.1% gain.
Both funds outperformed the 15.1% return from the iShares MSCI China ETF, he said.
"It looks like Vanguard has partnered with some talented managers in its first foray into a standalone country fund," DeMaso said. "I think the Vanguard fund will prove popular, though investors may be hesitant to take on the risks of this China-only strategy."
Competing China-only and other fund managers say there are plenty of other options, including Jason Hsu, portfolio manager for the Rayliant Quantamental China Equity ETF [symbol: RAYC], an actively managed exchange-traded fund.
"Investors are no longer limited to passive or thematic China ETFs," he said, referring to exchange-traded funds, which can track an index or sector and still be bought and sold as a stock.
Regarding Vanguard's timing: "China is at a very interesting time. Investors are fearful that it's turning its back on capitalism, and that's a credible fear," Hsu said. "But [state] interventions happen. It's not unique to China. You get paid to take risk because valuations are so low right now."
Perth Tolle, whose Alpha Architect ETF Trust invests in emerging markets, excludes China from the fund right now, based on environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) metrics such as human rights abuses and lack of personal freedoms. Tolle is the ETF index provider and sponsor; the fund is managed by Alpha Architect in Horsham.
"Most investors care about shareholder value, and that value destruction comes from high levels of corruption in China and a government that's now less friendly to business," Tolle said. "We've seen this massive GDP growth over the past 30 or 40 years, but during that time the China stock market index has returned only 2.2% on average."
The exchange-traded fund's symbol is FRDM and is a freedom-weighted emerging markets equity strategy using third-party quantitative personal and economic freedom metrics developed by the Cato Institute and others.
"There are many other emerging markets that have higher value capture than China, where companies are free to put shareholder interests above the interests of the state. And we are not willing to miss out on those opportunities to have our risk concentrated in China, where an increasingly capricious government regularly intrudes into private market activity," Tolle said.
Erin Arvedlund
I cover all things personal finance and investing, as well as Wall Street frauds and other miscreants. I'm open to all tips.


…all of our guests were out on the dance floor and had a fabulous time!
So very happy we went with Dave Shannon. All of our guests were out on the dance floor and had a fabulous time. Even the music they played during dinner time was great. the last wedding we went to, almost nobody was dancing, so I was fearful this would happen at our wedding. When I see no one on the dance floor, I feel like people are bored! I also had a few aunts come up to me and told me that we had a really good DJ.


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Browse > Home / TV / Top 10 Best Crime Shows
Top 10 Best Crime Shows
Filed Under TV
Tags: crime tv
Contributed by Paul Seaburn, Catalogs.com Top 10 Guru
It's a crime that there's so many great crime shows on TV and not enough hours in a day so watch them all.
While police shows generally tell stories of crimes and investigations from the side of law and order, I prefer crime shows that focus more on the criminal's point of view or have unusual investigators or techniques. Here's my list of the best crime shows.
Many are still on the air, either with new episodes or in reruns, and all are available on DVD.
10. The Wire
The Wire is a very realistic depiction of crime and criminals in Baltimore and the police departments assigned to bring them down. The Wire has a large ensemble cast because each of the five seasons focused on one aspect of the city – the illegal drug trade, the docks, city government, the school system and the newspapers. The Wire ran until 2008.
9. Breaking Bad
Set in Albuquerque, New Mexico, Breaking Bad centers around the life of Walter White, a high school chemistry teacher diagnosed with terminal cancer. White decides to make and sell methamphetamine in order to pay for his treatment and provide for his family when he's gone. The series focuses on the dark side of White as he struggles with his disease and his criminal life.
8. The Sopranos
One of the best shows ever about the mob, The Sopranos was the story of fictional Mafia Capo Tony Soprano told mostly in the first person. It takes viewers behind the scenes in the mob crime scene, showing Tony at home, at work and sharing his innermost secrets with his psychotherapist. The series has rough language and plenty of violence and ended in 2007 with a controversial conclusion.
7. Dexter
Dexter is Dexter Morgan, a blood spatter pattern expert for the Miami Metro police department who is also an out-of-the-ordinary serial killer – he follows a moral code taught to him by his father and only kills people who are killers themselves and Dexter must have undeniable proof of their guilt. He collects blood samples from his victims and tries to lead a normal life while hiding his urge to kill, which he calls his "Dark Passenger."
6. Oz
The Oswald Maximum Security Correctional Facility: Level Four is the setting for Oz, a show about the crime scene inside an experimental prison cell block. The gritty and sometimes violent lives of both the inmates and the guards are realistically depicted as they attempt to survive and get out alive. Oz is narrated by an inmate. The series ended in 2005.
5. Deadwood
Set in Deadwood, North Dakota, in 1876 in the time following Custer's Last Stand, Deadwood centers around sheriff Seth Bullock, saloon owner Al Swearengen and a cast of good and bad people mixed with historical figures like Wild Bill Hickok, Wyatt Earp and Calamity Jane. Stories of good and evil are woven in politics, business and the end of the Wild West. Deadwood ended in 2008.
4. Boardwalk Empire
Boardwalk Empire is based on a real-life politician who ran Atlantic City, New Jersey, during the Prohibition era of the 1920s and 1930s. Nucky Thompson deals with mobsters, political leaders, government agents, local citizens and historical figures as he's watched by the federal government for possible ties to organized crime.
3. Sons of Anarchy
Sons of Anarchy is about the Sons of Anarchy Motorcycle Club, Redwood Original, also called SAMCRO, in the town of Charming, California. While operating a legitimate auto mechanic shop, SAMCRO also sells guns, deals in porn and has run-ins with rival motorcycle clubs and gangs.
2. The Shield
The Shield centered on an experimental division of the Los Angeles Police Department comprised of a group of detectives called the Strike Team who use a variety of illegal and unethical techniques to maintain order on the streets. The show wrestles with the relationship between police ethics and the demand for safe streets and the quick apprehension of criminals. The last episode aired in 2008.
1. Monk
Monk is the story of Adrian Monk, a former police detective suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder and other phobias since the murder of his wife. He works as a freelance consultant to the police department and uses his photographic memory and ability to focus on the tiniest of details to help solve crimes. Monk ended in 2009.
Suggested Movie and Book Catalogs
Great Themes for Your Next Party


Have you ever wanted to hear your Move Better movement experts give a presentation? And on a topic that 80% of Americans suffer from—lower back pain? Now is your chance. The YMCA has graciously extended an invite to Move Better's "family" to come hear our dynamic duo Alan Reid, DPT, OCS, and Reid Moseley, DPT, CSCS, do just that, give a lower back pain presentation.
– Detailing five major mechanisms for developing lower back pain while strength training. (there will be a presentation and demonstration to correct improper movement patterns and instruction in exercise performance selection).
– And of course – what to do if you have already developed lower back pain.
What is this lower back pain presentation about?
The event is free, designed for the YMCA members, but has been opened to our extended Move Better family (that's you). I have had the rare pleasure of being able to hear these two speak and I can fervently recommend them. They are engaging and educational – two words not always synonymous with one another – and highly skilled, after all they are doctoral level therapists.
There will be a question and answer session at the end and light snacks. So if you're curious about back pain, what a movement expert is, or what a board certified doctoral level therapist looks like … here is your chance.


FEMS Microbiology Ecology 92(6): 1-16.
AbstractMost of the Earth's biosphere is characterized by low temperatures (<5 °C) and cold-adapted microorganisms are widespread. These psychrophiles have evolved a complex range of adaptations of all cellular constituents to counteract the potentially deleterious effects of low kinetic energy environments and the freezing of water. Microbial life continues into the subzero temperature range, and this activity contributes to carbon and nitrogen flux in and out of ecosystems, ultimately affecting global processes. Microbial responses to climate warming and in particular, thawing of frozen soils are not yet well understood although the threat of microbial contribution to positive feedback of carbon flux is substantial. To date, several studies have examined microbial community dynamics in frozen soils and permafrost due to changing environmental conditions, and some have undertaken the complicated task of characterizing microbial functional groups and how their activity changes with changing conditions, either in situ or by isolating and characterizing macromolecules. With increasing temperature and wetter conditions microbial activity of key microbes and subsequent efflux of greenhouse gases also increase. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of microbial activity in seasonally frozen soils and permafrost. With a more detailed understanding of the microbiological activities in these vulnerable soil ecosystems, we can begin to predict and model future expectations for carbon release and climate change.


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Bantamweight Division
Not Fighting
Johnny Eduardo
28-13-0 (W-L-D)
Wins by Decision
Perez vs Eduardo
UFC RIO: Raphael Assuncao Post-Fight Interview
UFC RIO: Facebook Fights preview
UFC® Rio: Johnny Eduardo
Eduardo vs Lopez
Eduardo vs Gamburyan
Learn more about Johnny Eduardo's UFC history, fighter facts, and Q&A below.
Choose tab: Bio Q&A
Trains at
Nova Uniao - Rio de Janeiro
Has won 14 of his last 19 and four of his last seven
11 wins by submission (2 heel hook, ankle lock, 4 RNC, triangle, arm triangle, armbar, anaconda), 10 by knockout
14 first round finishes
UFC Fight Night (10/2/21) Eduardo was submitted by Alejandro Perez via armbar at 4:13 of the second round
UFC Fight Night (6/1/18) Eduardo was submitted by Nathaniel Wood via D'Arce choke at 2:18 of the second round
UFC 212 (6/3/17) Eduardo was stopped by Matthew Lopez via strikes at 2:57 of the first round
UFC Fight Night (11/19/16) Eduardo stopped Manvel Gamburyan via strikes at :46 of the second round
UFC Fight Night (12/10/15) Eduardo was submitted by Aljamain Sterling via guillotine choke at 4:18 of the second round
UFC Fight Night (5/10/14) Eduardo knocked out Eddie Wineland at 4:37 of the first round
UFC on FUEL TV (5/15/12) Eduardo won a three round unanimous decision over Jeff Curran
UFC 134 (8/27/11) Eduardo lost a three round unanimous decision to Raphael Assuncao
TRAINING: I have practiced Jiu-Jitsu, boxing, wrestling and a lot of Muay Thai.
When and why did you start training for fighting? I started training very early at 7 years old. My father had a Kung Fu academy where they also had Karate and Taekwondo so I was always around the mats. I wanted to be as good as my father. After some time I went on to train Muay Thai and Jiu Jitsu, and at 17 I started fighting MMA.
What ranks and titles have you held? Rio de Janeiro State Jiu Jitsu Champion, 3 x Brazilian Muay Thai Champion, 2 x Rio de Janeiro State Muay Thai Champion
Do you have any heroes? Master Luis Alves who passed away last year; he was a man that helped shape who I am today.
What does it mean for you to fight in the UFC? It is a dream come true that I have been waiting for. I persisted in my fighting career and now it pays off as I prepare to fight in the biggest event in the world.
What was your job before you started fighting? I had a lot of jobs. I sold ice cream on the beach, was a security guard, I have taught Muay Thai and MMA classes and many other jobs that helped me get through and survive.
Specific accomplishments in pro competition? The biggest accomplishment in my career was when I realized I was capable of winning fights and make a living, doing what I love to do.
If any, list ranks in any martial arts styles: Jiu Jitsu purple belt
Favorite grappling technique: Guillotine, triangle
Favorite striking technique: Knees


The Lopez Memorial Museum presents three (3) simultaneous exhibitions that capture the richness of our history and artistry and demonstrate our sense of nationalism. These are: Double Take, Coordinates and Tutelage.
It was my first time to see the museum in 2005 when I attended an art lecture for my class in the graduate school. That was the time I saw the exhibitions entitled, "Hewn Territories" & "Destruction/ Re-construction."
The museum boasts of its collection that spans several decades and even centuries of art works, archeological artifacts, maps, Filipiniana books & comics, and manuscripts that situate our country in the timeline of art masterpieces, not only in Asia but also in the rest of the world.
The Lopez Museum was founded by Don Eugenio Lopez, Sr. on February 13, 1960 in honor of his parents, Benito Lopez and Presentacion Hofileña. Don Eugenio put up the museum to provide students, scholars and art enthusiasts access to his personal rare collections.
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There are a number of works being showcased here, mostly paintings by our national artists Juan Luna and Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo. These 2 Filipino art geniuses brought so much honor to our country as they competed in several art competitions left and right during their long stay in Spain in the 1880's. Both would always win but Luna reigned the highest winning Gold for his paintings year after year surpassing the ranks of the great Spanish artists then. [It wasn't just Gold, but First Place Gold because there would be 3 to 5 placers for Gold, Silver, Bronze and also for the Runners-up].
Included also in this exhibition are paintings by Vicente Manansala, a side-by-side video showing of two (2) films: Lapu-Lapu (directed by Lamberto V. Avellana, 1955) & Sohrab at Rustum (directed by Nemesio E. Caravana, 1950), a video installation and found objects by Raya Martin (2009), a mixed-media work of Benedicto Cabrera (1998), shields, helmets and armors used in filming for LVN Pictures, still photos of LVN Pictures, and a mixed-media painting by J. Elizalde Navarro (1998).
I'm really in awe seeing old maps of the world including the Philippine maps by area or by region. It is important to note that the current map that we are using is far from the maps being drawn and measured in the past centuries. I'm very particularly interested in the places I grew up in. When I saw the 18th and 19th century maps of Metro Manila or the National Capital Region (NCR), I couldn't contain the joy I found, looking intently and capturing an image of Parañaque (not yet a city then) and Manila. Yes, Parañaque was already represented in the Philippine map in centuries past! Amazing!
Included also in this rare collection are the compass and the binoculars used by Dr. Jose Rizal, our national hero. You may visit the Lopez Museum's website and explore the vast collections.
This exhibition represents our nation's literary tradition through the power of the written text. Old books are on display in fiction (including children's stories), poetry and essays. One book that caught my interest is the book, Philippine History in Stories by Conrado Benitez (1928).
Included also in this exhibit are the paintings of Fernando Amorsolo, also a National Artist for Painting, and the sawdust sculptures of Ikoy Ricio. Amorsolo was a portraitist and painter of rural Philippine landscapes. He is known for his mastery in the use of light in his subjects.
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We would like to thank Mary Ann Pernia and Ricky Francisco for being our tour guides at the Lopez Museum.
The Lopez Memorial Museum is at the Ground Floor, Benpres Building, Exchange Road corner Meralco Avenue, Ortigas Center, Pasig City 1600.
Tel. No. (632) 635.9545; Telefax Nos. (632) 631.2417 and 631.2425.


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Home | All India
Inhuman Act To Silence Press: Media Bodies On Tripura Journalist's Murder
The press associations demanded an impartial and swift probe into the murder of journalist Santanu Bhowmick.
All India | Press Trust of India | Updated: September 21, 2017 18:05 IST
Santanu Bhowmick was a journalist at 'Dinrat' news channel
New Delhi: The media fraternity today condemned the killing of Tripura journalist Santanu Bhowmick, saying it was a "reckless" and "inhuman" act to silence the voice of the free press.
The Press Club of India, Indian Women's Press Corps, Press Association, Federation of Press Clubs in India and the North East Media Forum issued a joint statement demanding a swift probe into the incident.
"Santanu Bhowmick's life was taken away by mindless violence when he was discharging his professional journalistic duties. It is a reckless, inhuman act to silence the voice of the free press in the country and an assault on the freedom of press," the statement said.
Mr Bhowmick, who worked with 'Dinrat' news channel, was covering an agitation by IPFT in Mandai area of West Tripura yesterday when he was hit from behind and abducted, a senior police officer had said.
Later, the scribe was found with serious stab injuries and rushed to Agartala Medical College and Hospital where doctors declared him "brought dead", he said.
"We demand an impartial and swift probe into the murder of the young Tripura journalist so that culprits can be booked and brought to justice. We also express our solidarity and support to the Tripura Journalists' Union in their protest against the murder," the statement said.
"We demand that the state government should give adequate compensation to the family of the young journalist whose life was sniffed out in the line of duty. The chief minister should immediately hold consultations with the Agartala Press Club and Tripura Journalists' Union for taking steps for safety and security of the journalists," it added.
Mr Bhowmick's killing comes days after the murder of veteran journalist Gauri Lankesh in Bengaluru that had sparked widespread outrage and concern on the state of free press in India.
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journalistsantanu bhowmik