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Chichi's Blog (56)
which has been witnessed in many Western countries
With shifting gender relations in the world in fifa 15 coins general, and in Korea in particular in the 1980s, social institutions began to open their gates to women. Laws and regulations were enacted in support of these social changes and women's movement organizations became active in supporting women's right to participate in activities and occupations that have been traditionally regarded as unsuitable for women. The construction of…
Added by chichi on January 30, 2015 at 8:20pm — No Comments
How could there be genocide?
When I returned to Washington from Vienna, I went to the fifa 15 coins library of the national Holocaust Museum. A scholar had pointed me in the direction of a documentary that contained footage of Hakoah players. Der Führer Schenkt den Juden Eine Stadt, The Fuhrer Gives a City to the Jews, depicts life in the Czech concentration camp of There- sienstadt. The Nazis had created Theresienstadt as a Potemkin village that they would show to…
Added by chichi on January 28, 2015 at 10:00pm — No Comments
Fatty foods are known to slow down the rate of gastric emptying and therefore should be avoided
There is a significant amount of research to show that fifa 15 coins a high carbohydrate meal eaten 3–4h before exercise can improve performance. In one study, athletes were either given no carbo- hydrate, a meal containing 300 g of carbohydrate 3 h before exercise, no carbohydrate before exercise but an 8% carbohydrate drink during exercise (giving a total of 175 g carbohydrate), or a combination of carbohydrate 3 h before exercise and…
Muscles initiating or maintaining a movement are termed prime movers or agonists
A motor neurone and all the muscle f ibres that it fifa 15 coins supplies (innervates) is termed a motor unit. The constituent fibres of individual motor units are found to be distributed throughout the muscle and are homogenous, possessing identical structural, metabolic and contractile properties. The number of muscle fibres innervated by a single motor neurone varies from muscle to muscle. Those muscles that control precise movements…
Added by chichi on January 26, 2015 at 12:42am — No Comments
It gives the returner the chance to dominate tactically by exerting time and pace pressure
Using the return and groundstroke attack early in a fifa 15 coins match can strongly influence the way an opponent plays and feels. It gives the returner the chance to dominate tactically by exerting time and pace pressure. these two forms of pressure may force an opponent to take some pace off her first serve to prevent the returner from facing many second serves. (If this hap-pens, there is no reason the returner shouldn't pressure the…
Where's hockey practice when I need it?
We are social animals. The relationships you have fifa 15 coins with others are an important part of your life. Career hockey players who invest a great deal of their energy in their game usually rely on and benefit from nurturing, supportive off-ice relationships with their wives, girlfriends, parents, and friends. If you are fortunate enough to have a relationship with someone who supports you and is understanding of your needs, your…
Many of these contributions will be reviewed in their proper place later in this volume
Since the appearance of the pioneering fifa 15 coins work of Rottenberg, Neale and Sloane, there has been a proliferation of published academic research on the economics of team sports, in the form of both journal articles and books. Many of these contributions will be reviewed in their proper place later in this volume. At this point, however, we shall highlight just a few of the main themes in the development of the economics of team…
The movements are very graceful sometimes and you can actually see the moves on the pitch
Television, in its unique capacity to distribute visual fifa 15 coins content across vast distances nearly simultaneously, has radically shaped the premises of football consumption and fandom on a number of levels. However, as demonstrated above, electronic mass media and television in particular must not be understood as an external corruption of the game because its proliferation is rooted in the same historical configuration as spectator…
Nevertheless, it can still be argued that the Rangers management had an opportunity
The profound sense of shock induced by the disaster led many fifa 15 coins to hope that the historic sectarian antagonisms which marked west-central Scotland and found most vivid expression through football would cease, or at least diminish. There were indeed signs of a softening of the Old Firm rivalry in the immediate after- math of the tragedy when the joint efforts of the two clubs encouraged some supporters to make conciliatory gestures. Players and…
who saw the 1976 Olympic final between East Germany and Poland in Montreal
Most of the new entries were short-lived. Hawaii, a logistical fifa 15 coins nightmare, became a dismal one-season experiment. Las Vegas f inished last in their division and then left Nevada, while Connecticut disappeared after playing to the league's smallest crowds. Only Fort Lauderdale showed any real promise. Ron Newman, their coach, gave the club a predictably English look, emphasising fitness and a tight defence. Gordon Banks came…
The play-off system each league had originally devised was scrapped
There were eight clubs in the Eastern League, but it soon fifa 15 xbox coins became apparent that Bethlehem, the Giants and the Hakoah All-Stars were in a class of their own. In the hope of sustaining fan interest, player loans were hastily arranged. Bethlehem gave away virtually its entire reserve team and New York Hispano, a former state league team, were suddenly graced with the decidedly un-Hispanic presence of…
If it is impractical to stay at altitude for a long period before a competition
Players scheduled to compete at altitude must consider the fifa 15 coins physiological consequences of such an engagement. Detailed preparatory recommendations have been outlined by de Looy et al. (1988) and much of the advice is appropriate to soccer teams.
It is not advisable to do strenuous training for at least two to three days until the stage of vulnerability to acute mountain sickness has passed. After that, prolonged…
They are also known as the simple sugars
Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen and fifa 15 coins oxygen, of which the simplest form are monosaccharides such as glucose, fructose and galactose. They are also known as the simple sugars. Disaccharides are made up from two monosaccharide molecules, e.g. sucrose (table sugar) is made from glucose and fructose, maltose is made from glucose and glucose. The complex carbohydrates are polysaccharides of which starch is the plant…
Nonviolent resistance also switches the locus of respon- sibility for what happens to others
But nonviolence is more than just breaking the spiral; it changes the fifa 15 coins dynamics of social interaction. Nonviolent resistance is not just passive acceptance of the status quo. Rather, it shows an irrevocable commitment to a course of action and to change. Nonviolent action says, "No matter what you do to me, I will not hurt you; I will, however, continue to move to the new goal ." Nonviolent resistance also switches the locus…
Added by chichi on January 9, 2015 at 7:04pm — No Comments
which had been a source of pride and a cultural rallying place in black commu- nities
Jac kie r o binson li v ed those lines ten years later, coming to fifa 15 coins bat with two metaphorical strikes – call them racial prejudice and the weight of tradition – against him. History has testified to his character and endurance in securing a place in Major League baseball. Yet as Robinson and the black players who followed him into white baseball succeeded, black fans were abandoning the Negro Leagues, which had been a source of…
Go to a hotel room with a ballplayer and then cry rape?
Apparently, she hadn't expected such a direct fifa 15 coins question, for now Patricia paused, and crossed her arms before her. "Look," she said, "if they think he should go to jail, okay. If they say he should pay me some money, okay too. But listen, don't you think it's gonna cost me either way? If this goes on, my name's gonna come out, and whatever happens a lotta people are gonna say: there's Patricia Rich- mond, she fucked Jay…
Added by chichi on January 7, 2015 at 10:56pm — No Comments
The long years of unequal opportunity and menial service caused this sort of unconscious belief
Branch Rickey was also in great demand as a speaker on fifa 15 coins civil rights and race relations. His speeches were characteristically passionate and eloquent. "Of course the Emancipation Proclamation by Lincoln made the southern Negro slave free," he told an Atlanta audience in January 1956, "but it never did make the white man morally free. He remained a slave to his inheritances. And some are even today."6 He wondered aloud about…
when he was hospital- ized with a bladder infection
Rickey's vacation had to be canceled, though, when he was fifa 15 coins hospital- ized with a bladder infection. Many people close to him feared he had suffered another Ménière's attack, but Jane Rickey, in a rare public com- ment, downplayed the illness. So did Walter O'Malley, making a rare comment in the sports pages, who said that Rickey was suffering from only a "minor" ailment.
While in the hospital Rickey dispatched road…
A greater controversy was developing in shaping the pitching staff
One afternoon under the broiling Florida sun, one frustrated fifa 15 coins player asked for a meeting with Branch Rickey and then presented the classic disgruntled baseball player's complaint, "Play me or trade me." Normally, Rickey and most baseball executives were unmoved by such a request, but the Cardinals mastermind sensed that there was something different about this player. He seemed so genuine and earnest in his ambition. His name…
The Federal League owners had deep pockets and were intent on opening them
Branch Rickey did not believe that the Federal League fifa 15 coins would succeed. He felt that it lacked both quality players and experienced ownership,but he was aware that it posed an immediate threat locally. Before he had even begun his first full season as manager, both Rickey's Browns and the National League Cardinals were to be faced with third league competition in their small city, a metropolitan area that had the smallest…
Added by chichi on January 4, 2015 at 12:45am — No Comments
The White Sox made it look easy in sweeping to their sixth straight Chicago title
Mack was pleasantly surprised when more than nine hundred people paid their way in on a cold


In case you missed an Episode… here's a link to Episodes 405 – 410 of The Two Minute Commute on BigFishIdeas.com.
Episode #409 – Friday – Which Came First the Tiger or the Sign?
Episode #410 – Create a Kindness with That Unbuttoned Shirt!


Our councils and committees help operate our parish. Membership in these groups is based on a selection process. For more information about any of these councils or committees, please contact Fr. Joe Marcoux at fr.joseph.marcoux@dor.org.
The Pastoral Council is a leadership group that works in consulataion with the pastor to select and guide parish goals and objectives. Members are elected by the parish.
The Finance Council is a leadership group that advises the pastor on financial issues related to the parish, including the annual budget and hiring.
The Liturgy Committee works with the pastor and director of liturgical music to determine seasonal themes, assist in planning liturgical celebrations, and invite parishioners to participate in liturgy.
The Youth Ministry Advisory Board works with the Coordinator of Faith Formation to set the direction for youth ministry at St. Catherine's. The board is made up of youth and adults.
The Buildings and Grounds Committee works with the pastor, director of finance, and maintenance technician on needs and recommendations for the buildings and grounds of the parish.
The Facilities Project Steering Committee works with the pastor on the plans, construction, and maintenance of the new Parish Center.


I was in school for over 25 years. I lived my life semester to semester, holiday to holiday, and bell to bell. It's routine. It's living life in abbreviated chunks of time. It keeps the day moving, and hopefully running on schedule.
It has taken some time now that I stay home full-time to realize relying on the bell schedule might not be as bad as you would think. Sometimes everything on our grand to-do list keeps us from enjoying the segments of time we have with our kids. We instead become grumpy, stressed, and overworked just trying to keep the home fires burning and all the kids breathing.
How have you passed these last few days with your soon to be back at school babies?
Me? Well, I made a bell schedule.
I wanted a visual reminder in our home of the daily routine.
Then, I made a daily chore board for the kids so they can start to take some ownership over their routine.
For weeks I have hustled to get school supply shopping, back to school clothes, and an idea list for lunchbox meals all neatly compiled. The fridge is ready for lunch box assembly, freezer stocked for drive-thru avoidance, and laundry mounded waiting patiently to be folded.
We've met the teacher, slept in late, and now it's time to make the kids a giant stack of pancakes, run the slip-and-slide in the yard, bake some s'mores cookie bars, and soak up the last rays of summer.
How you gear up for back to school?


text:
Forests: A cause of climate concern, and hope
You don't know what you've got until it's gone.
Article type Story
Publication date 14 Aug 2018
This is a common refrain that suits efforts to protect the world's forests well. Unfortunately, the intrinsic value of forests as the world's lungs might become most apparent in their absence.
While urbanised people generally only think about forests as shady refuges from the stresses of modern life, many of those living in and around forests rely on them to maintain their livelihoods. Ultimately though, wherever we live, we all have a stake in the future of forests as they serve a critical role in preventing the whole planet heating to dangerous levels.
This is because forests can act as both sinks storing carbon dioxide, thereby reducing greenhouse gas concentrations, and as greenhouse gas emitters, if they are cut down or burnt on a large scale. Their survival is critical in dealing with climate change. Forests currently absorb 2.6 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide each year, equivalent to about a third of the amount released annually by burning fossil fuels. At the same time, deforestation contributes to the nearly 24 percent of all greenhouse gas emissions from land use activities — more than that emitted by the world's entire transport sector.
The degradation of forests then acts as a net source of emissions. This recognition has led to current efforts to reverse this trend by turning two negatives into a positive – by providing linked incentives to reduce deforestation and climate change.
Forests can fill the "emissions gap"
The threat of continuing deforestation, mostly driven by agriculture, is real and present. Last year was the second-worst on record for the loss of tropical tree cover, according to new data from the University of Maryland released by the online platform Global Forest Watch. The affected area equalled the size of Bangladesh. This is equivalent to losing 40 football fields of trees every minute for an entire year.
While this is concerning, moves to save forests, and thereby lock emissions into the ground, offer hope for global efforts addressing climate change. This hope is linked to an aspiration that forests can become part of the climate solution, rather than act as net contributors.
UN Environment's most recent stocktake of climate action finds national pledges under the Paris Agreement reach only a third of required emission reductions to keep temperature rises to well under 2°C by 2030. While highlighting the serious nature of this global challenge, UN Environment also indicates that keeping forests standing will help close this "emissions gap."
Frances Seymour, a well-known forestry expert at the World Resources Institute, says protecting forests is the most cost-effective strategy to reach the Paris Agreement goal of balancing emissions and removals. "Stopping deforestation and allowing damaged forests to grow back would be equivalent to reducing current global emissions from all sources by up to 30 percent," she added.
In addition to this natural form of carbon capture and storage, forests also have an important role in bolstering people's livelihoods, providing clean air and water, and enhancing people's ability to adapt to climate change because of their rich ecosystems. About 80 percent of the world's documented species are found in tropical rainforests, even though they cover only about 6 percent of the planet's land surface. Forests also provide a wide range of products and services for local people. This is particularly important as around 40 percent of the extreme rural poor, numbering around 250 million, live in forest and savannah areas.
GCF support for forests
With clear climate and social cases for preserving forests , it is not surprising that GCF is a strong supporter of climate action that keeps trees in the ground and encourages new forest cover which match social conditions. Ms Seymour from the World Resources Institute welcomes the growing presence of forest projects in GCF's portfolio.
"Despite its large mitigation potential, forest protection currently receives less than 2 percent of climate finance," she said. Ms Seymour pointed to GCF's recent launch of a pilot programme on results-based finance for REDD+ as a substantial move in the right direction. "Making payments contingent on performance is the key innovation of REDD+," she added.
The REDD+ results-based payments pilot programme, launched at the end of last year, is designed to boost public finance streams for REDD+ that support the measurement of emission reductions and then pays for them at the national level and within different countries' regions. With the launch of the pilot, GCF is the only funding mechanism that supports all three phases of REDD+.
REDD+ is a UN-supported accounting and funding mechanism which supports developing countries' efforts to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, and foster conservation, sustainable management of forests, and enhancement of forest carbon stocks.
GCF Principal Forest and Land Use Specialist Juan Chang said GCF is now analysing the REDD+ financial landscape to encourage complementarity and coherence in delivering forest-based climate finance.
"We want to ensure developing countries can take a streamlined approach in seeking REDD+ support from different sources," said Mr Chang. "The role of GCF is to act as catalytic mover to encourage the take up of REDD+ and other forest and land-based solutions to climate change."
This includes innovative moves to explore how to increase the crucial role of the private sector, he added. Currently, private sector support in climate finance protecting forests is largely untapped, with the public sector contributing nearly 90 percent of reported REDD+ finance.
Exploring private sector potential
A key feature of GCF is its mandate to tap the private sector to maximise the volume of financial support available to address climate change. GCF's REDD+ results-based payments pilot programme may open new possibilities in bridging the current payment gap for REDD+. It could do this by attracting private sector funds, and helping to create an enabling environment to leverage the potentially large cash reserves accompanying business support.
This is part of GCF's broader moves to explore opportunities to engage with the private sector to fund REDD+ and other forest-focused climate financing. GCF seeks to build on ongoing initiatives such as current work on deforestation-free commodity supply chains and ongoing efforts by Tropical Forest Alliance 2020 and the New York Declaration on Forests, as well as looking how it might incorporate technological breakthroughs, such as blockchain.
Not all forest-focused climate finance is REDD+. GCF continues to expand its support for a broad range of projects that address climate change by protecting forests including, but not exclusive to, REDD+. Its forest portfolio includes 10 approved projects, totalling USD 314 million, which cover Mexico, Guatemala, Ecuador, Peru, Paraguay, the Gambia, Morocco, Uganda, Madagascar, Bhutan, Cambodia and Viet Nam. Disbursement has already begun for six of these projects.
Amazon effort
While GCF's support for forest covers a wide geographical area, there is particular interest in the work it is funding in the planet's largest rainforest – the Amazon. While vitally important for the people who live in this vast forest covering several Latin American nations, the Amazon's global significance is measured by its planetary footprint. It is seen as a key regulator of the global climate because of the way the life cycle of its trees interacts with the atmosphere.
GCF is supporting two projects focusing on the Amazon – in Ecuador and Peru.
In Ecuador, it is working with UNDP on a USD 15 million REDD+ initiative aimed at helping this Latin American country achieve its goal of net zero deforestation by 2020. GCF financing, which is now being implemented, is contributing to Ecuador's REDD+ action plan, known as Socio Bosque. The targeted investment will support the plan by controlling agricultural expansion in forested areas, and introducing agricultural and livestock production practices that reduce deforestation.
This climate finance will also encourage loans that encourage sustainable farming practices, promote tax incentives for activities supporting REDD+, and ease the flow of deforestation-free commodities in the global market. A key part of this investment in forests involves working closely with indigenous communities in planning, and supporting them through incentive payments to transition to sustainable production.
Indigenous inclusion
Indigenous engagement is a central feature of many of GCF's forest projects as it is deemed crucial in gaining the local supprt necessary for effective implementation. It is the core of a GCF project in Peru now being implemented by the Peruvian Trust Fund for National Parks and Protected Areas (PROFONANPE) – a GCF direct access Accredited Entity.
This USD 9.1 million project helps indigenous communities in the northern Peruvian province of Datem del Marañón manage their wetland resources in ways that avoid deforestation and the large-scale release of greenhouse gases stored in local peatlands. While peatlands cover only three to five percent of Earth's surface, they are key in addressing climate change as they are estimated to hold more than 39 percent of the planet's carbon stocks.
The Peruvian project supports indigenous people's traditional harvesting of palm trees in ways that aviod cutting the trees down. The project thereby enables sustainable harvesting of fruit from the trees, which can bring considerable financial rewards, as the oil is used globally in food ingredients, hair and skin products.
PROFONANPE has been consulting closely with the Amazon people in the wide and remote project area which crosses seven different cultures and languages. Alberto Paniagua, PROFONANPE's Chief Executive Officer, says ongoing engagement is essential to win the trust of local communities who are often wary of outsiders' intent.
Mr Paniagua said this project is a great example of a local initiative with global benefits. "Essentially, we are all responsible for the Amazon as it is the planet's lungs," he added. "All life depends on this ecosystem."
Growing population pressures and the search for new lands to cultivate are likely to continue putting pressure on the world's remaining forests. The challenge of stemming deforestation is considerable. However, the increasingly apparent climate connection, where incentives to halt deforestation are linked with efforts to address global warming, may work in the favour of forests. GCF will continue to search for innovative opportunities where its strategic financial support can root forest protection at the centre of growing climate action.
GCF's growing forest portfolio is
helping protect the Amazon through its Ecuador and Peru projects
promoting forest planting and reforestation to sequester carbon in Paraguay
promoting a sustainable landscape approach through private finance in Madagascar
improving ecosystem services in Uganda wetlands
restoring dryland areas in Morocco by protecting Argan orchards
restoring degraded forests and landscapes in Gambia
improving agricultural value chains in Cambodia
helping Bhutan adopt a transformational approach to forest preservation by protecting up to 51 percent of the country
adopting a two-country approach in Mexico and Guatemala to work with agricultural and agroforestry enterprises to transition to low-emission climate resilient agriculture.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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    Status.create :name => 'tickle', :value => '0'
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
World after tomorrow
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aOuXTQAGTvc
Florent Latrive
Blaise, we are talking about "the day after tomorrow," because tomorrow is crap, it's too close from today. The day after tomorrow is much more free and cool. It's full of new technologies and politics.
You will talk about the day after tomorrow because you are fun and cool, and nobody wants a crap debate, past midnight here in the Quai d'Orsay.
What are you doing at Google, Blaise?
Blaise Agüera y Arcas
At Google, I work on machine intelligence. My group is part of a larger organization of more than 1,000 people called Research and Machine Intelligence.
A big part of the goal of that group as a whole is to advance the technologies that are essentially starting to confer capabilities that are modeled or inspired after biological brains on machines. Machine Learning is the previous iteration of this kind of technology, we often call it Machine Intelligence these days.
My own group, within this larger group, focuses very much on machine intelligence on devices and on the edge rather than in data center. The reason that I've been very much focused on machine intelligence on devices is that I believe that if we think about the day after tomorrow, we really are headed for a world in which our technology is highly integrated into our bodies.
I don't want for that world to be one in which we're all part of a single giant super computer, to put it bluntly.
I think that it's very important that our personal technology extend us as people. In order for that to be the case, we need to not only develop technologies that are interesting and powerful with respect to the server and the data center, but also develop a separate set of technologies that enable capabilities that can run without connections to the data center.
This kind of technologies that you have just described, is it possible to find that kind of technologies nowadays in the shops?
Yes, it is. For example, one of the things that my group makes is the deep neural networks that look at photos and analyze what's in them, and these algorithms are able to tag the contents of the photos.
This is a capability that is very, very new in computer science. Three years ago, four years ago, it was impossible saying things like, "This is a girl holding a kitten on a sofa," something like this.
The interesting thing about those algorithms is that the neural networks that do this are small enough and fast enough, now, that they can fit on the device. That means, for example, that when you take photos, they can be tagged on your phone without you having to first to upload them.
You have use a word, "neural network." How would you describe that technology?
In the beginning of computer science, the fathers of computer science, John von Neumann, Alan Turing, were very, very interested in brains and in thinking as well as in computation and mathematics. The origins of computational neuroscience and the study of neurons and the creation of computers, these origins were very tightly intertwined.
In fact, in Turing's original paper in 1948, which many people see as the dawn of computer science, he laid out two different approaches to computation. One of them was based on the serial execution of instructions one after the other. This is the Turing machine that everybody understands as the basis for the computer now.
He also talked about a different model for computation involving networks of artificial neurons that are connected together in a grid or in a graph, in an arbitrary relationship that allows data to flow through.
Brute force of computation, versus computation like the human brain, is that correct?
Yes. The brute force approach is one that's based on the idea of mathematical calculation in series and sequence. That model of computation allows you to do things like calculate the trajectory of an orbit to within 12 significant digits, things like this. These were the kinds of things that the very earliest computers did.
Unfortunately, they were machines designed for warfare, more often than not. But the other model for computation, which involved the parallel flow of information through neurons, was really designed to mimic what we know, what we even knew in 1948 happened in brains.
But at that time, computers were really not powerful enough to implement meaningful versions of those kinds of brains that are modeled after the physiology of real animals.
What is the first experiment of a neural network that astonished you, and you say that it's the beginning of something?
I think that it was solving the ImageNet challenge. This happened several years ago. This was very closely related to the problem that I was just telling you about, deciding what is in the photo. ImageNet is a database of millions of photographs that have all been labeled by hand with what is in there.
This seems like a very simple task to do. It's not something that a three-year-old would have any problems with. But it's something that is absolutely not amenable to the kind of serial computation that has really dominated computing since its birth.
These deep neural nets -- which again, they're very similar to what's been there from the very beginning of computation, but trained appropriately and using modern computational power -- are able to say what is in the image.
The fact that they were able to solve this problem that it's so easy for us to solve, and that they did it in ways that look very much like the way real brains do it, was really very eye-opening to me, and made me feel like we're at the brink of a revolution with respect to this technology.
Thank you, Blaise. We'll come back to our neural network soon after. Audrey?
Sorry for the technical difficulties. Because Blaise has a slide that's entirely visual, we have to fix the filming problem. We devised a solution.
Blaise, it's your fault.
Everybody will see my screen this way, and then I will play the slides for Blaise. You can see my screen.
Without further ado, I will just play my slides, which is very short, like 15 minutes, and then play Blaise's slides. Again, 15 minutes, if that's OK with you.
That's OK.
Film crew will just film my screen. This is mirrors of mirrors.
I can see a recursive image of my own screen from the mirrors there. This is actually pretty metaphoric.
I'm happy to be here to talk about the day after tomorrow. The midnight reminds us that we are among the stars. If you look up in the night sky, you see that Earth is a place among the stars. I've been working with the technology called virtual reality. I have a virtual reality headset here which Florent will put on for effect — never mind.
It enables us to see the space and our relationship to the earth.
Voiceover — Richard Gariott
The most beautiful thing I've ever seen is the earth from space. On this little ball is everything we've ever known, all of the history, all of the future, all the beauty of what it means to be human.
Voiceover — SpaceVR staff
The world that everyone uses is fragile. You can't understand that from the ground, because it's not really relevant to you. From the ground, it looks like the sky goes up forever. From space, it looks very small.
Right. From space, we all look very small, and we are very tightly bound together. We share the Earth. All of our problems are of a global scale at the moment, including the climate and everything that people at this night have talked about. The observer effect makes us able to see the problem on a global scale.
My conception of the scale of the reality of the earth went from being unimaginably large to absolutely finite and, in fact, small. It goes from infinity to one. I'm going to get goosebumps about this sort of stuff when I talk about it. Even today, it was only after my flight that I began to go, "I can't be the only one who's had this sort of reaction."
That's when I discovered this term "the overview effect."
Actually, during this whole event, during lunch, and during the radio interviews, I've been asking Saskia Sassen, Souleymane Bachir Diagne, and everybody I met to put on this goggles and watch Earth with me together.
This is relevant because when we're facing issues of a global scale, they enable us to think in ways that's different from the ways that we used to think.
Yesterday, or really the day before yesterday, the French Assembly passed a very important law, the "République Numérique," the digital republic bill.
The bill works like an overview effect. On the Internet, when seen from the edges of the Internet, we see all the transnational issues. But when we are on the Internet, we keep the French values. We want to live as what the French people have always valued. In the cyberspace, as well as the physical space.
These values in the act, of course, includes the Internet's primary virtue, that everybody can talk to everybody freely, that everybody has the equal access to Internet as a basic human right, and that whatever we put on the Internet should be secure, should be trustworthy, should not be surveilled, should not be tampered with.
These are just things valued in the real space and the same things we value in cyberspace, as well. When they talked about this bill, there were a very involved process of Internet consultation. This bill was done with a consultation with the Netizens, and everybody voted which act in this bill do they like, do they dislike, why, and they can propose new ideas.
One of the new ideas that came since the original draft of the bill, was that six months from now, the French government must write a report explaining to the Parliament, to the Assembly.
Whereas before, we had the Senate and the Assembly, now there's also the Internet. The government sends all bills first to the Internet, after deliberation, and then to the Assembly.
Now, the challenge is to figure out how actually to implement this, and we have six months of time.
Now, in Taiwan, one year ago, we started a very similar thing, and I was a facilitator, moderator and architect of this system, which we call vTaiwan, which talk about more or less the same things as the Numérique République bills talked about.
But as we talk about these things more and more, we think that we discover many things that one nation cannot solve by its own, one place cannot solve by its own.
There are problems like Uber -- sorry -- challenges like Uber and AirBnB, which are of such a global scale that one sovereign entity is not sufficient to talk this problem through.
So we use the same Internet deliberation methods to talk about these transnational issues.
This slide is called "the day before yesterday", because it's past midnight now. The day before yesterday, I was in the streets, and I saw the taxi driver on strike. They also waved this flag, says, "We want the same protections from our nation, but the government is not delivering it," and so on.
Then, the tricky thing is that last time when I was in Paris, and in June and August, there were exactly the same strikes. It has been going on for a couple years. [laughs] It's not making visible progress. While the Netizens can deliberate very meaningfully on the digital republic issues, the Uber issue still puzzles the Parisians.
Now, when I talked to the drivers, and I did in the past few days -- both the Uber drivers and the taxi drivers -- they all tell me that the main problem was that they don't think they have the same information the government is having. One driver told me that they think that the government is only talking to the lobbyists in the private sector.
Or if the civil society can enter it, it's just through one or two committee members who does not really have a representative power to the rest of the civil society.
While the civil society has solidarity and it links itself together and so on, because it doesn't have the same decision information that the government has, there is no trust between people with asymmetry of information.
How do we solve this problem? How can we feel the position of each other?
We would all benefit if we all had a shared experience of this kind. Virtual reality is very well positioned right now. It's starting to give truly immersive experiences and make you feel like you're there.
The difference between a flat video and VR is the difference between watching a football game and being in the stadium.
Voiceover — Jeffrey Mamber
It wasn't until I experienced virtual reality that it became clear to me that it's one of the missing pieces in the puzzle of how we get everybody to understand the beauty of space.
The overview effect has such a profound impact that once you've seen it, there is no going back.
There's one saying in politics: "Where you stand depend on where you sit."
If we all sit in our respective drivers' seats, so to speak, we of course argue for the thing that we stand. There is no neutral space and mediation space where we can see other people's viewpoints.
This is why it's so important to have Internet where we can, on the Internet, have a non-violent way for the civic society to participate in a multi-stakeholder dialogue, which used to be only between the government and the private sector, because the government can say, "A part of Internet is now a space of mediation where everybody can enter."
One of the very good examples is the WorldWide Views on the COP21. Last June, the same day, more than 100 countries worldwide had debates at the same time from the civil society, just citizens sitting down and look at agenda of the COP21 and see what they think about it, how they feel about it, and they are all aggregated on the Internet.
France is very special because it has 14 different debates going on at the same time, one for each region. But in Taiwan, although technically we only had the one debate, we actually had three. We had one in Taipei, one in Taichung, and one in Tainan, in the three different cities in Taiwan.
The trick is that for each city, we have a hall of about this size with 100 people. But then we installed two walls that are very large projector screens, so that when you look to the left, you see the other city people. When you look to the right, you see to the other city people.
It's like the three cities are linked together. We stood together, and we danced to the same music, and so on. It's as if that we're in the same room, just a larger room.
Another innovation that Taiwan did was that in addition to the COP21 agenda, the civil society also proposed their own agenda about the climate, about local issues. One of the three mayors, Mayor Lai Ching-Te, have then agreed that this is a very good idea.
From there on, controversial issues according to the development needs which has ecological issues, must be deliberated in a very similar way involving the civil society, using a deliberative forum like this, and kept to the record.
This is why we use and we train professional mediators for this purpose, because only with professional mediators can we look at the government and the civil society, as well as the private sector, and share the early stage information so that people can participate with policies before they become problems, when they are initially just challenges.
This brings us to the world of today. This, from Wikipedia, is a map of Uber around the world. The red means they're illegal. The green dots means the cities that they are legal. The pink, like in France and in Taiwan, means that they are currently in contention. They are controversial. We prepared this with the Wikipedia community last year.
Then we say that we must deliberate this, and people want to deliberate first about Uber and about AirBnB and then next about BitCoin. Then, the way that we do this is that we crowdsource the agenda from the participation for the Internet, and that we say we talk about very specific things, just private drivers without private drivers' license taking passengers and charging them for it.
We don't talk about the sharing economy, the Uber company, or the large narratives, larger values. We use an "overlapping consensus" way to focus on just one single issue.
Then, we publish the open data, and we guarantee that all the stakeholders, including Taxi fleets, Uber, the Associations, the Ministries, will sit down and talk like this for two hours, using the agenda crowdsourced from the Internet.
This is what we show to everybody in the same time, in the same hour of the day. People see on Pol.is one single sentiment from their fellow citizens. They can say yes or no. As they say yes or no, their position change among the people, so that initially there's four groups of Uber drivers, taxi drivers, Uber passengers, other passengers, and they have very strong views.
But the good thing about this way of reflection is that it lets you see your Facebook friends or Twitter friends are all over the different camps. They're not enemies. They're people you know. You just didn't know they have such ideas. [laughs] Those are not your enemies. Those are your friends. That's one thing.
The other thing is that people's position can change. As you answer questions, people can propose new sentiments that are more nuanced, more moderate, and then they get more consensus. They go to the middle, and they merge into shared groups. After three weeks of deliberation, we actually agreed on a lot of things that everybody across Taiwan could agree while they couldn't in the first.
We published the open data for independent analysis from scholars and from the policymakers and from Uber themselves, and then we run a deliberation with all the stakeholders in the same room, looking at the consensus, this form from the Internet, and talk on only those points.
VoiceOver — Jaclyn Tsai
What we do not want to see, is by evoking the name of innovation, you do not pay taxes, or use it as an excuse to break laws.
I am delighted to see professionals of Taxis willing to work with the Uber for further dialogues. We certainly hope to improve the quality of transport in Taiwan with innovative methods.
I want to thank you all for your participation. Today, I am firmly convinced that we can find the best way to advance the quality of transport services in Taiwan. And this consultation mechanism can be a reference for the world. Thanks to you all.
That's Minister Jaclyn Tsai, originally led IBM Asia's law department. The thing is that after this kind of method, we extract promise from all the stakeholders. If their promise overlap, we have a bill right there. If we don't, if it needs more clarification, help from the local government and so on, as it currently is, everybody know why UberX is still illegal.
There's no lobbying. It's totally transparent. Until the promise is met, there's no legalization. The AirBnB people saw this way, and then they took the same deliberation process, except they encouraged all their members to join, and then they agreed on each and every consensus, so it could be made legal.
My point is that with this kind of empowered space, the private sector and the civil society can trust each other in this kind of space, and then they trust the government to propose the early stage idea and upload it to the public deliberation. The public petitioned ideas can also upload into the government, so it becomes a bi-directional link.
We know iterated, repeated bi-directional link are the foundation of trust. Without that, you do not have trust.
VoiceOver — Chandana Ekanayake
Tilt Brush was one of my favorite demos when I first got to try the Vive. I love it. It's one of the best things I have done and like to show it off to people that never tried VR.
It's mind-blowing. It's so crazy. It's more like sculpting in space than painting. It's so bright and vivid in there. It's like the Matrix, man. It's hard to come back out of it.
Because of time, I have to rush this a little bit. But the point is that I was just talking with Blaise, and we thought in virtual reality a facilitator can talk with not just 300 people with telecommunication and telepresence. We can talk with 7,000 people, as we have here, because people can just put on their Google Cardboard or some other virtual reality headset, and participate virtually, as if they are there.
Blaise had this wonderful way of putting it, "shepherding," That's how he put it. The facilitator can say, "These people are talking about a sub-topic, so I shepherd you into this small room, a virtual room."
Then you go there and deliberate and have consensus and bring it back, and then we can have a larger policy discussion, not just across the three cities in Taiwan, but across nations and across countries, as well.
Finally, I think this is about attention — The symmetry of attention. This is my last slide.
We won't just be bystanders to history. We will feel like active participants, standing side by side with astronauts.
It is my wish that — this is also a French idea, from Lacan — this Borromean Knot means all the three sectors cannot do without each other. If one breaks, everyone breaks. We're in the same earth together. This is my hope, that with the digital democratic tools, we can go closer and closer to this ideal.
Thank you very much. Shall I show your slides?
Thank you, Audrey.
Blaise, you have started to explain to us how we worked with artificial intelligence, so you could start with your presentation now about the political consequences of all that.
Audrey, thank you so much for setting us up with a sub-optimal but functional situation, here.
I really only found out about the work that you are doing today, in our earlier conversation. I find it incredibly inspiring.
I think that, for me, what it really left is the sense that we need to have both shared architectures that are about the use of the Internet to empower people in political process. That means that there's something that is centralized, and there's something that's decentralized, both.
You need infrastructures that are centralized in the sense, for example, that anybody can type a URL on their computer and get to the same place. That requires a degree of centralization.
The idea that the Internet is a kind of amorphous gas has not been true for a very long time. It isn't, in fact, a way that the Internet can work scalably. At the same time, you have to have the agency to be able to participate as an individual.
If we really start to think about what I think the promise and the concern is about the day after tomorrow, a lot of it, in my mind, has to do with striking the balance between on the one hand, being able to work effectively collectively.
Even when we have profound differences of values, even when we don't all agree on the principles and things like the kind of mediative process that you're suggesting, I think are very powerful tools for doing that.
Yet, at the same time that we have this mediative and collective super-organism, if you like, I think it's also vitally important that we preserve our own individuality and our own agency and our own power to be ourselves and to be alone. Without being able to be both together and alone, I think we sacrifice one of the two halves of what it means to be human.
I know that this was set up, in theory, as some kind of debate, but I think we're in much more violent agreement than not, on all of these points.
I don't know honestly how much value there is in going through the slides. I think probably the best thing that I can do is to really move to the parts of this that...Of course, the most visual parts will also be the most compromised by doing it this way, but I think it's also the most interesting thing that's in the slides.
This past summer has been really the season of machine intelligence doing art. I don't know how many of you are aware of these developments. Those of you who spend a lot of time on tech sites on the Internet have probably seen these things. Those who don't may not have seen.
But it's been a very, very interesting moment, because we think about creativity and about imagination and so on as being really core human properties that are very much not connected with computers. Computers can be tools, perhaps, but the idea of a computer, for example, being creative or having imagination seems crazy.
But as a computational neuroscientist, which is my original field, somebody who is not only interested in building things but in studying brains and understanding how brains work, we're in Paris. You're the people who wrote "L'Homme Machine" and books like this that really kicked off the enlightenment in many ways and that posit the idea that we are actually mechanisms.
We're not some kind of abstract spirit. Our brains work according to physical processes. In some sense, of course everything that we do with our brains can be done with other physical substrates. To not believe that is to be a dualist. That doesn't mean that there isn't something remarkable and magical about being human and about having a mind.
But it does mean that I don't think that we are going to have a monopoly on any of those qualities for the indefinite future. As we understand more and as we build more, we will find that all of those parts of what it means to be human are ultimately things that we can construct and create, as well as be.
An example of machine learning, doing art?
Yes. Let me skip all of the expository material, and find something along those lines. This is just a fun picture that may actually come across in the camera. This is a picture of Rosenblatt, who was a very early pioneer in computer science, who actually did attempt to implement the neuron-based computational model that von Neumann and Turing talked about, way back in the '40s and '50s.
This device is called the Perceptron. It's actually a physical instantiation of a brain built using wires. Of course, this also shows you why that could not have worked, using that technology. He died in 1971.
This is maybe just interesting for a bit of historical color. One of the earliest data sets that was really used in a systematic way for testing various kinds of machine learning and machine intelligence is called MNIST. It was put together by the US's Bureau of Standards for solving a very, very simple problem. Just for reading the numbers on the zip codes of postal addresses.
It's really just designed for testing various different kinds of approaches to reading numbers. They commissioned a lot of schoolchildren and also teachers to write numbers again and again and again, in order to have enough data to train all of these kinds of systems and also to test them and see how good they were. This was the benchmark for many years for all kinds of machine learning approaches.
It got steadily a little bit better but still actually sort of crappy for many, many years, up until the point when we really returned to deep networks, networks that were similar in structure to the kinds of things that Rosenblatt had done, but with many more neurons and with the full power of all this training data. Then, suddenly, this problem was immediately solved.
The way that the solution to the problem looks can be visualized in these kinds of diagrams, which I don't want to get too technical, but essentially, what it amounts to is models of neurons in layers, each one processing a patch of image and feeding forward the output of that analysis on that patch image to another layer. These models proceed in layers just like cortical layers, just like layers of cortex in the brain.
What I find really most compelling about these things is not only that they solve these kinds of simple problems better than any previous technology did, but also that they learned to solve them in ways that look very much like what you actually see when you put electrodes into the brains of rats or macaque monkeys or other animals and observe what happens in real brains.
These are obviously experiments with some ethical implications, but they're also very important experiments if we want to understand how these things work. What you're seeing here are the learned patterns for these artificial neural networks trained to recognize simple images.
What you see on the right are the so-called receptive fields of neurons early in visual cortex of a real animal. You see that the patterns are essentially the same. You can see this is a kind of example of convergent evolution, if you like, in which we design a system that is unconstrained with respect to how it solves the problem, but it has a brain-like architecture.
We look at a real system that has solved the problem with a brain architecture, and we see that they've learned how to do this in the same way. If you look at the responses of the neurons higher up in these artificial neural networks, you see sensitivity to more and more sophisticated forms of patterns and shapes and so on.
I know I'm providing a lot of very visual examples. We do obviously more things than just the analysis of pictures, but this is easy to show in slides. At least, it would be easy to show in slides. Let me show you what happens if you now take one of those kinds of networks and you reverse it.
What I mean by reverse it is you train a network to recognize what's in a picture, but then instead of using it forward, you use it in reverse. You take a picture that is known... Let me skip this style-transfer for the moment. Let me go to something else. You take a picture that is known, like this one. This is not a trick image. It's just a picture of some clouds in the sky.
You feed them to a neural network that is looking for meaning in this picture. What is meant by meaning here is 1 of roughly 1,000 categories of label, including various breeds of dogs and cars and so on. Then you say, "Instead of just telling me what you see, why don't you modify the image in order to enhance the things that you see? Show us what you see in the clouds."
If you do that, you begin to see some patterns emerge in the picture. Progressively, what emerges is something that looks, to my eye, a little bit like a sort of Buddhist fantasia with all kinds of crazy structures appearing in the clouds. Are you able to see this on the screen in enough detail to make anything out? These were fascinating and surrealistic images.
When we first saw them in the beginning of the summer, I really was blown away. One of the researchers who did this work, Mike Tyka, realized that what this procedure did was to add detail to images. You could try letting this deep neural network hallucinate or free associate by alternating this process with zooming in on the image.
This generates something like a semantic fractal, which looks like this. I was going to show you one other crazy hallucination that began with a surfer and ended with something very strange happening in the scene. Here's the zooming-in video. We start with the clouds with all kinds of things hallucinated onto them.
Let's show this in stereo.
Now, if you had the goggles, and you were seeing this in your headset, this could be in 3D...
I find this utterly fascinating to watch. What you really are seeing...After the first few frames, it's no longer about the original image in any way. It's, if you like, just a fugue or a fantasia that's entirely based on things that have been learned by this neural network from all the example images that it's seen.
It's a free-associational path through that space of ideas. I also think it's important to emphasize that this is not somehow drawing from a giant database of images in order to generate this movie. It's not as if there are 500 terabytes of images, and they're being pasted on with a Photoshop-like operation at all.
The neural network that makes this is only a few million weights. In other words, it's encoded in a little brain, if you like, that is about the same size as an ordinary, like as a single picture that you might take with your mobile phone.
It's just that, instead of the pixels in that picture representing the intensities of the way light fell on one pixel of the sensor, they're representing the weight of a particular neural connection between one neuron and another. If you come away with one thing from looking at this, what I'd like it to be is really that we start to have these brain-like systems.
I think that this is profound because everything that we have done in human history so far has really been born out of our own minds and our own brains. What we start to have now is a kind of meta technology that allows us to bring the same kind of power to bear to thinking that we have brought to bear on making.
Let me give maybe a simple analogy. We do something like cooking or combustion in our own bodies when we eat. The process of cellular respiration is about taking foods and burning them to make energy for our own bodies.
But when we invented cooking fires and we externalized some of that capability, we were able to eat much better, and we were able to spend much more of our time doing things that weren't just about getting food. In many ways, the invention of the cooking fire was really the birth of complex human civilization.
I think, in some sense, what we start to see here is the birth of cooking fire, but for thinking.
In fact, this technology, it's important that you have talked, both of you, about values embedded in technologies. Sometimes, we say that technology is neutral. Is it the case or not? How do you think that we should work on technology to avoid that we face some crush, for instance?
I don't think that technologies are neutral. There is a big debate in the US. It's, of course, the only industrialized country that is having this debate about guns in which the people in favor of not having gun control say things like, "Guns are neutral pieces of technology, and it's people who kill people and not guns."
Of course, it's generally true that a person has to be pulling the trigger in order for somebody to die at the other end of the gun. But the gun is not a neutral technology. It's a technology that is designed to kill people. There's no other purpose for a gun.
As the makers of the technology, we absolutely have a moral responsibility to think about what that technology makes easy or hard, what is natural for it, and what's not natural for it. Any technology that's powerful, I think, can be used to do harm.
That's a good example, because for the kind of technology you show us about pattern recollection or image recognition, right now, we see more and more of this technology used to recognize people, to distinguish between the black and white and the people who behave this way or this way. It's many control technologies and not empowerment technologies.
How could you avoid that? You, because these technologies are coming from a huge corporation like Google. How can you and how can the government shape that kind of technology...?
The ability to recognize people from an image of their face and recognize a bunch of their characteristics, of the same kinds of characteristics that you or I would see when we look at a person's face, is in itself a neutral technology.
I say that it's neutral because it really is just about an algorithm perceiving things from an image that we perceive ourselves with our own eyes and brains. What's not neutral is where that technology is put and what it's used for.
For example, if that's running locally on your own device...Let's imagine for the moment that you have a retinal implant that runs the Face Net algorithm, which by the way is also one that our team developed. Face Net takes a picture of a face, and represents it as a small set of numbers that are unique to that face.
If the face is from another point of view or lit differently, it'll resolve to the same numbers. This can be very, very useful if it's implanted in your retina, and you meet many people and you forget their names, the way I do, because I could hear or I could perhaps see the name tag, the reminder, and this would make me much less socially awkward in a lot of different situations.
If, on the other hand, we take the same exact technology and we attach it to all of the cameras that are surveilling the street corners in London, then we have a massive surveillance technology for tracking everybody, wherever they go in the city. That's not OK.
One of these applications is, I think, quite sinister and quite invasive of people's privacy and agency. The other one is, I think, purely empowering for at least certain classes of people who meet a lot of others that are not very good with names, and has really very few downsides.
In this case, I think a lot has to do with not what the brain does, because it's the same thing that our brains do, but where that brain runs and who owns the brain, and where does the output of it go? Those are exactly the same kinds of questions that arise from cameras.
Just a quick word. In the beginning of the free software movement, Richard Stallman who started this idea of free software, defined four different kind of freedoms about software.
The first, the second, and the third freedom is to take a program and to modify it, to distribute it. That became the open source movement, which now everybody knows about — open data, open source, and so on.
But the zeroth freedom that Stallman defined -- he called it freedom zero -- it means the freedom of doing things with software that affects primarily yourself.
Because he thinks if you have the software and its effect affects everybody, tens of thousands of people, it's no longer freedom. It is power. A freedom has a very narrow definition that means the software's decisions enhance yourself, but then it affects primarily you. This is the only way I would like.
We are very far from a decentralized organization, and everybody can own and control technology, but all this technology is centralized heavy by corporation or government both. We are very far from that.
I'm not sure how far we are from that. I think that the situation is not necessarily as you see it, in the sense that, for example, an Android phone is an incredibly powerful computing device which, when you buy it, is yours. Anything, any software that you run on this device that executes locally is your software running on your data.
The fact that the last 10 years have seen a flowering of web technologies that involve services I think is...Many of these services do amazing things that we didn't have before. I'm a very frequent user of Google Docs, for example. I find it amazing that I'm able to collaborate with somebody with a Google Doc across the world, and we can each see what we're typing on this doc as we go.
This is a capability that either requires some kind of instantaneous peer-to-peer transport of the data between those devices or that they be stored on the server somewhere. Obviously, the things that come from it being stored on a server somewhere are very, very powerful. But that doesn't mean that this is the only paradigm that gets to exist.
We already have vast amounts of computing power in our purses and in our pockets. A lot of the software does run in our purses and our pockets. I think this is frankly a learned helplessness more than it is a fact.
Again, just one word from me. We have existential proof in the form of a project that is sponsoring work with some free software people. It's called Sandstorm. What it does is it flips the default. It makes it possible to think of the web like you install apps on your phone. By default, it's secure, it's sand-boxed. It can only run on the server you trust.
You still do the typing together, just like Google Doc, and I designed this spreadsheet with Dan Bricklin, called EtherCalc. It's like Google Spreadsheet, but the difference is that it's on a server that you trust, you control, and at any point that you can download everything. It's called data portability, and then put it to the friend's server. If your own computer has a hardware problem, you can migrate with no problem at all.
The point is that we changed the default. We flipped the default. Now with this way of doing things, we still go on coding, but now it's secure and free by default. That's my only point.
Both of you are believers in technology. You are strongly optimist about that. You think that we are capable of doing stuff, interesting stuff with that. If you have only one fear, something could go ugly with technology. What can it be?
I think that the most disastrous thing that I know of right now that is happening as a consequence of our technology is the destruction of our ecosystem, actually. There are other scenarios that we can hypothesize about in the future, but this is one that we know is happening now and is a direct consequence of our technology.
It's a consequence of our wealth. We wouldn't have these kinds of impacts on our ecosystem if it weren't for the massive increases in output of farming and the discovery of fertilization from hydrocarbons and so on and so forth. All of these things have allowed us to explode our population in ways that would have been impossible otherwise.
There are more people rising out of extreme poverty now than ever. Even though wealth inequality is an enormous problem and is growing, it's also the case that extreme poverty is well on the road to being eradicated, which is an extraordinary achievement. There's much less suffering in the world now than there ever has been before.
At the same time, we are living unsustainably. My big fear is that we fail to use our technology and our governance to manage our own environment in such a way that we achieve a sustainable state. I think there's no question that this is the biggest failure mode that faces us over the next century.
Thank you, Blaise.
Can I take two minutes?
Two minutes.
Yeah, two minutes. Start counting...
I was just talking with Saskia Sassen about that on a radio show a few hours ago. She has this idea of expulsion. People just dislocate, because of the ecological impact and the governmental issues that Blaise just described. The fact is that they fell off the statistics. We don't see them from the GDPs anymore.
We don't see them from any kind of numbers anymore, because they stopped registering, they were dislocated. I would echo that I think the greatest danger is that we stop seeing, we stop reflecting, and that our vision we have for the future becomes a tunnel vision of a future, that only allows one possibility and excludes everybody out.
Now, I know that during tonight, everybody is reading poetry at Quai d'Orsay. [laughs] I have a very short poetry of a minute and a half that I'd like to read for you that talks about reflections. Again, we do this thing. I will be reading in English.
Through radio and television,
one person can speak
to millions of people.
Now, for the first time,
we can listen to millions of people
through the internet.
Like many of you, I was a digital migrant;
22 years ago, I moved into the internet
when I was 12 years old.
In the cyberspace, as in the physical world,
new migrants and natives have much to learn from one another.
Our particular approach is through Open Data, and Open Space.
Open Data turns raw measurements into social objects:
people gather around budgets, laws and regulations.
These become topics of discussions just like "today's weather".
Open Space blends our individual feelings into shared reflections:
within a reflective space, we gradually become aware
of ourselves, forming a crowd — the "dēmos" in Democracy.
Transparent, like a glass;
Reflective, like a mirror.
These are the two democratic properties
of digital spaces.
We, the early makers of digital democracy in the 21st century,
are like the early makers of reflecting telescopes in the 17th century;
we're full of innovations and eager to explore the stars.
Personally speaking,
I'm very happy to learn that the Night of Ideas
is making an space of such innovations around the world.
For only through learning from each other,
can we truly enter an Age of Science —
then eventually going beyond it,
into the Age of Reflection.
(applauses and cheers)
Machine learning, and Human learning.
Thank you for attending the night of ideas.


I REFER to the article "Dealing with toxic people at work" (NST, Aug 25). In every workplace, everyone goes for quality management.
Everyone will be busy with ISO, MQA or star-rating verifications to ensure the organisation meets the qualifications.
Quite a number will be proud to be elected as officers, coordinators or committee heads.
To meet these requirements, employees need a positive environment at the workplace.
Some toxic members are easy to identify while some are camouflaged.
The most common toxic employees are the know-all.
They may be experienced in the organisation or industry and will assume they know better, showing off how to do job and provide advice.
You can listen to their advice, but do what you feel is right in the end. You may ask them to back off should they force you to follow their advice.
They can be annoying, especially when they are your superiors, but then approach the higher authorities if you can't beat them.
With so many smart and qualified personnel in organisations, there will be colleagues, teammates or department heads who will borrow your ideas and say that those are theirs.
Though they may say that since both of you belong to the same team and that it does matter who presents the idea, it is wise to shut them up and give no second chances.
Remember to ask for due credit when you find yourself in these situations.
Some are in the bullying and gossiping group. Some are fond of making and engaging in well-intended humour, being aggressive or discriminating against people.
If you witness employees being bullied, stand up for them. Don't let anyone bully you as it should not be tolerated.
If you experience bullying, talk to the Human Resource Department.
Gossiping and making up tales about someone are bad.
Gossiping is human nature and this behaviour cannot be erased from workplaces.
Rumours should not be allowed for discussion.
Workaholics are toxic too. When people are on the way home or at home, they will have unfinished work to do.
Some even work during holidays.
They might appear friendly, but may back-stab people.
Though teamwork and team support are an important part of workplaces, some people are manipulative and will trick you into believing that they will always support you, but they don't.
Nobody goes to work to become friends with two-faced colleagues.
Ensure that you confirm with others about what they let you know.
If you think somebody is leading you on, be it with regards to work, a venture or a meeting, don't put resources into building an enduring association with them.


text:
Polygamy and Alcohol Linked to Physical Abuse in African Marriages
African women in polygamous marriages or with alcoholic husbands have a significantly higher risk of being physically abused by their husbands than women in monogamous marriages or women whose husbands don't abuse alcohol, new research shows.
Women Who Petition for Restraining Orders Against Abusers Typically See Decreased Earnings
"Why doesn't she just leave?" is a timeworn question about women trapped in relationships with men who physically and/or emotionally abuse them. Economic dependence is clearly part of the story — many women lack the financial means to leave and find themselves trapped by both poverty and abuse.
Why Worry about Evolution? Boundaries, Practices, and Moral Salience in Sunni and Evangelical High Schools
Previous work on conservative Protestant creationism fails to account for other creationists who are much less morally invested in opposition to evolution, raising the sociological question: What causes issues' moral salience? Through ethnographic fieldwork in four creationist high schools in the New York City area (two Sunni Muslim and two conservative Protestant), I argue that evolution is more important to the Christian schools because it is dissonant with their key practices and boundaries.
The Price of Protection: A Trajectory Analysis of Civil Remedies for Abuse and Women's Earnings
We know men's violence against women is costly. Yet, we know little about the costs—or benefits—of women's efforts to end it. This study investigates the temporal dynamics of women's earnings and petitioning for a Protection from Abuse (PFA) civil restraining order. Women's earnings might rise or fall at the time of petitioning but quickly return to pre-petitioning levels, a short-term boost or shock; or, petitioning might precipitate a longer-term stall or upward shift in women's earnings.
ASA Continues to Respond to the Changing Climate for Sociologists in America
ASA has a long and ongoing history of activity supporting diversity, inclusion, free inquiry, and academic freedom. The need for such activity has escalated in recent weeks in deeply troubling ways, with developments ranging from a rash of racist, xenophobic, and other forms of discriminatory activities on campuses across the nation to the introduction of the Professor Watchlist which
Socius Special Issue Call for Papers
Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World invites papers for a special issue on gender in the 2016 elections. We invite contributions on all topics relevant to gender and politics. Potential topics could include (but are not limited to): gender and the executive; women, social policy, and state legislative elections; intersectionality and the media; gender and public opinion; and women in changing political institutions. Informative papers on trends or cross-national comparisons are welcome as long as they are framed in relation to the 2016 U.S. election.
Traditional, Modern, and Post-Secular Perspectives on Science and Religion in the United States
Using General Social Survey data, we examine perspectives on science and religion in the United States. Latent class analysis reveals three groups based on knowledge and attitudes about science, religiosity, and preferences for certain religious interpretations of the world. The traditional perspective (43 percent) is marked by a preference for religion compared to science; the modern perspective (36 percent) holds the opposite view. A third perspective, which we call post-secular (21 percent), views both science and religion favorably.
Paradoxes of Social Policy: Welfare Transfers, Relative Poverty, and Redistribution Preferences
Korpi and Palme's (1998) classic "The Paradox of Redistribution and Strategies of Equality" claims that universal social policy better reduces poverty than social policies targeted at the poor. This article revisits Korpi and Palme's classic, and in the process, explores and informs a set of enduring questions about social policy, politics, and social equality.
Policy Entrepreneurs and the Origins of the Regulatory Welfare State: Child Labor Reform in Nineteenth-Century Europe
Industrial child labor laws were the earliest manifestation of the modern regulatory welfare state. Why, despite the absence of political pressure from below, did some states (but not others) succeed in legislating working hours, minimum ages, and schooling requirements for working children in the first half of the nineteenth century? I use case studies of the politics behind the first child labor laws in Germany and France, alongside a case study of a failed child labor reform effort in Belgium, to answer this question.
Why Is There No Labor Party in the United States? Political Articulation and the Canadian Comparison, 1932 to 1948
Why is there no labor party in the United States? This question has had deep implications for U.S. politics and social policy. Existing explanations use "reflection" models of parties, whereby parties reflect preexisting cleavages or institutional arrangements. But a comparison with Canada, whose political terrain was supposedly more favorable to labor parties, challenges reflection models.
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1. Support the travel and reporting activity of the CTSA representatives to the conference.
2. Support the costs of conference organization as a contributing Regional Aquaculture Center (RAC).
Learn successful approaches to problem solving through case studies that can be replicated in other states (i.e., lessons learned).
Demonstrate and conduct hands-on experiences with state-of-the-art computer applications designed to improve delivery of extension programs.
Identify national extension priorities and critical issues, developing corresponding action plans.
Identify potential inter-regional extension projects, such as curriculum development or national decision-support databases.
Share educational materials and programs in addition to expertise.
Strengthen regional and national communication networks to improve services to our clientele.
Examine successful extension components and outcomes of research projects and develop approaches to improve integration nationwide.
Develop a collective strategy to define extension's role in measuring impacts of RAC projects and collaboration with others in academia and the private sector.
Improve business management skills related to aquaculture and enhance knowledge concerning marketing of aquatic products.


Combining your phone with your wallet is a great way to overcome awkward pocket-bulge or an over-flowing handbag. These great phone-wallets will not only save you space, they'll protect your phone from nasty scratches, too.
With your phone at the centre of your work and social lives, it makes sense to invest in a solid phone wallet. Not only will a good phone wallet protect your phone from getting damaged, it will also save you space.


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Neighborhood tree lives to fight another day
Saanich's patience coming to and end; Cadboro Bay residents threaten legal injunction against cutting down a Douglas fir
Natalie North
Oct. 9, 2012 2:00 p.m.
John Oberg enjoyed his morning tea from a new locale Tuesday morning: on the boulevard along Cadboro Bay Road, where he pulled up a lawn chair and sat beneath a towering Douglas fir tree slated for removal.
Oberg set up shop with a friend beneath the canopy of the ancient but ailing tree on Cadboro Bay Road near Arbutus Road, and within 15 minutes, a the tree removal company hired by Saanich to fall the tree had joined them.
Next came a small group of concerned residents who'd like to see more testing done before the tree is taken down. Representatives from the municipality's parks department, and two police officers called in to keep the peace.
"We're not radicals," Oberg said. "We're senior citizens. … We're just a bunch of seniors that love our neighbourhood and don't want people destroying it."
The handful of residents refused to leave the base of the tree and their protest has worked, for now. Saanich's plan to remove the tree is postponed once more – at least temporarily.
"Obviously it's not safe to remove the tree if folks are in the way," said Rae Roer, manager of Saanich parks. "The original reason to remove the tree is about safety, so we're not going to put people at risk by trying to remove the tree, when they're unwilling to get out from the hazard zone underneath the tree."
The tree has fallen victim to a rot-causing fungus, phaeolus schweinitzii, and the Saanich parks department had deemed that it should be removed, given its size and location in an area prone to high winds. The group of invested locals, to which Oberg belongs, hired their own arborist to conduct an independent review of the health of the tree after Saanich's initial discovery of the fungus in the spring.
That process yielded the same conclusion as Saanich's testing. By the end of August, Saanich agreed to a third review of the health of the tree and imposed a deadline of Oct. 5 to receive any additional information residents found, before the scheduled removal during this week, Roer said.
"We've been trying to be patient to see what that information is, but there's been no real hard and fast information that has changed our opinion," Roer added. "Winter storms are approaching and that tree presents a risk we have to address. We've been very patient and attempted to be open and transparent from the beginning."
Residents have the assistance of a lawyer who lives in the neighbourhood, Oberg said, noting that an injunction against Saanich is in the works. Roer confirmed the department had received some correspondence, but no official legal action had been made by press time.
"Where the factual trail goes, we will live with. But we are confident, we know now, that the trail still needs some development," Oberg said.
nnorth@saanichnews.com
Royal Roads staff spread word on labour dispute
Woman leaps from stolen car in attempted escape


Health rankings for nearly every county in the country were released Wednesday.
The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and the University of Wisconsin's Population Health Institute have done this study for the past six years.
They look at 30 different categories including poverty, education, transportation, housing, violent crime, jobs and access to medical care.
All of these factors have an impact on how long and how well people live.
The goal of the study is to help community leaders to identify problem areas so they can take action to improve residents' overall health.
The rankings just let the citizens know the overall health of their counties in comparison to their neighboring counties, or to the state.
The Washington County Health Department also does their own community health assessment every few years.
"As far as health outcomes and health factors, what we see is encouraging trends. One area that our health department is looking at is chronic disease, risk factors of chronic disease and root causes of chronic disease," explained Court Witschey, Administrator at the Washington County Health Department.
Witschey said his department has a "Creating Healthy Communities" grant and a brand new "Chronic Disease Prevention" grant.
He explained that the health rankings have helped them target certain areas in need of improvement within the community.
Currently, their focus includes tobacco use, physical activity and nutrition.
One positive national trend this year is a decline in premature death rates.
A growing problem area across much of the U.S. over the past several years is children living in poverty.


What fun our group had making pictures on my free 2014 Unisphere Photo Walk.
My first challenge/assignment to the group was to get a shot like the one you see above on the left – an image that included a starburst and the awesome shadows in the foreground.
1) Compose the scene so that the sun is just peeking out from behind part of the Unisphere.
4) Remove all filters to avoid a ghost image of the sun in your photograph.
4) Set your lens at f/22, and make sure your lens is very, very clean. A spot of dust on your lens can look like a big blog in your photograph.
To capture the entire dynamic range of the scene, I suggested shooting HDR, and processing the set of images in Photomatix. (Click here to get a discount on Photomatix.) Above are the four images that I used to create what I call my HDR negative. The image on the top right in the opening pair of images in this post is my HDR negative).
We found the best light by using my Photo Sundial app. In addition to many other features, the app shows an aerial view of your shooting location. Yes, that's the Unisphere you see on the screen in the above image on the right. Pretty, pretty cool, right?
Thanks to all those who participated in the event. We hope to see you again on one of my workshops. Attention snowbirds: I have several workshops scheduled for January in the Sunshine State.
A big thank you also goes to Adorama for sponsoring the event. Adorama is the place for great gear at a great price. Here is a look at all my gear.
P.S. If you were on the walk and what to share your images, please post them here so other can see your fine (and fun) work.


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El USS Sampson (DDG-102) es un destructor de la clase Arleigh Burke en servicio con la Armada de los Estados Unidos. Fue puesto en gradas en 2005, botado en 2006 y asignado en 2007.

Construcción
Construido en el Bath Iron Works, fue puesto en gradas el 17 de marzo de 2005, botado el 16 de septiembre de 2006 y asignado el 3 de noviembre de 2007. Fue bautizado USS Sampson en honor al contraalmirante William T. Sampson de la guerra civil estadounidense y la guerra hispano-estadounidense.

Historial de servicio

Fue asignado en 2007 con apostadero en la base naval de San Diego, California.

Véase también
 Anexo:Destructores de la Armada de los Estados Unidos
 Anexo:Buques actuales de la Armada de los Estados Unidos

Referencias

Destructores de la clase Arleigh Burke de la Armada de Estados Unidos
Barcos de 2007
Barcos construidos en Bath (Maine)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Dreaming of his wife's water dropped. What does it mean to dream of my wife falling into the water?
What do you mean by dreaming of your wife's water?
Dreaming of his wife's drop in the water, implying that you have to believe in your judgment in the near future, your keen intuition will give it to your keen intuition will give it to your keen intuition will give it. You bring good luck. At the same time, people you have always trusted may abuse your trust and cause greater losses to you.
Dreaming that his wife and mother -in -law fell into the water at the same time, suggesting that there may be opportunities for big wealth, whether it is financial management or investment, it is best not to try.
I dreamed that my wife was in the water and I went to save her, indicating that you will get the help of the helper in the recent chance, and your career is more upright.
Dreaming of drowning in the water dropped in the water. Recently, the healthy fortunes of you and your family may have some small diseases on the body. You must seek medical treatment early. His noisy, but the relationship has always been good.
I dreamed that my wife was saved in the water. In the near future, you will have a gap in your feelings, indicating that you want to break free from the annoying life as soon as possible and eager to live a peaceful and stable life.
The dream of finding a job was in the water, and the job hunting fortune began to fall. At first, the situation that you grasped by you, the initiative will finally fall into the hands of others.
The staff dreamed that his wife was in the water, indicating that what you are planning or doing in the near future will be very smooth. Even if you have a problem, you will be solved by your own ability. Don't worry too much.
People in this fateful year dream of their wives falling into the water, which means that it is natural, listening to the day, and getting rich in peace, and going out to travel less.
People in love dreamed that their wives had fallen into the water, indicating misunderstandings, and tongue disputes. As long as they understand each other, they can get married.
People who do business dream of their wives falling into the water, representing the old and proud, conspiracy to lose money, and get rich in spring.
The person who prepared for the exam dreamed that his wife had dropped water, which means that the oral test scores are careful and can be admitted.
People who planned to go out dreamed that their wives had fallen into the water, and it was recommended to delay three or four days before departure.
#15 Dream about Ear Bleeding- Dream Meaning and Interpretation
Dreaming that the ex-boyfriend came back to me and good. Dreaming that the ex-boyfriend is coming back to me and what is the meaning?
Dreaming people who died. What is the meaning of people who dream of death?
Dreaming of the wife is dead. What is the meaning of the wife to die?
Dreaming of the late mother. What is the meaning of the mother's mother?
Dreaming of my mother -in -law is sick. What is the meaning of dreaming that my mother -in -law is sick?
Dreaming people who like people are dead. What does it mean to dreamed of people who dream of like?
Dreaming of sister. What is the meaning of my sister?
Dreaming of dumplings but didn't eat, what do you mean? Dreaming dumplings but didn't eat interpretations.
Dreaming of his wife. Dreaming of his child a child's meaning?
Dreaming of his wife dropped the water


The UK's rising independent metalcore champions Our Hollow, Our Home have placed their own unique stamp on Ed Sheeran's hit 'Shape Of You'.
The track comes ahead of Our Hollow, Our Home's European headline tour in late May and June.
The tour is in support of their acclaimed debut LP Hartsick, which charted in the UK, Australia, USA, Germany and across Europe, peaking at #1 on the iTunes Rock and Metal Charts in the UK.
Thirteen tracks of some of the finest new metalcore in the UK right now, the loosely concept-themed Hartsick is a ride not to be missed. Earth-shattering grooves and riffs, backed by the tight precision of Bobby Brooks (bass), Nick Taliadoros (drums), and Josh White's furious guitar playing, underpin Tobias Young's memorable choruses and Connor Hallisey's brutal vocals.


To say we don't collect any information would be silly for an analytics tool. We do collect information that is needed to show you the simple analytics. But unlike other analytics tools, we don't collect more than absolutely necessary. Here is a list of what we collect from your users.
We don't collect and store IPs.
We drop the IP address from every request. So don't store them in the logs. We just don't save or collect them. Period.
Update: Jan 14, 2019. We didn't store the User Agents before, but now we save failed requests to our logs, so we added this clarification to the paragraph above.
Referrers answer the question "Where did the visitor come from?". We have 2 ways of checking from which source a user came to your website.
First of all; With most requests, browsers send the URL of the previous website as a referrer. Second; website owners can add a URL param (utm_source=...) in the links they post elsewhere. The URL param can also be called ref=... or source=.... In case we get the referrer via the browser (with full URL) we store it the same as URLs (see above). You can find a list of the most popular referrers in your analytics dashboard.
The Do Not Track setting requests that a web application disables either its tracking or cross-site user tracking of an individual user. We never track your users, so we skip requests with the Do Not Track enabled. The stats will not include visitors with the Do Not Track enabled.


I was a middle aged tub of lard!: Dumbbells are essential!
If there was only one piece of weight lifting equipment you could own, it would be dumbbells.
Even a single dumbbell provides dozens of potential exercises for your routine.
Dumbbells are not expensive, and you can even get high quality components second-hand. Dumbbells don't take up a lot of storage space, and you can work out with dumbbells in a very limited amount of space.
A pair of dumbbells doesn't take up much more room than a single dumbbell, and isn't any harder to acquire.
Dumbbells are extra effective because they are less stable than a barbell, and require your muscles to stabilize the apparatus at the same time that the exercise is being executed.
I have three pairs of dumbbells that I love.
My light dumbbells are great for warming up and learning to exercises that I want to add to my routine.
My medium weight dumbbells are my work horses. I do most of my workout routine with my medium dumbbells. They are heavy enough to provide a challenge, but not too heavy to do multiple reps.
My heavy dumbbells are a great challenge for exercises when I really want to push myself.
My favorite exercise of all is the dumbbell fly. I use my light dumbbells to do a variety of flat bench and inclined bench curls and flys and presses. I use my heavy dumbbells to do flys that I do lying on the floor.
If you haven't committed to a weight lifting program yet, go get some dumbbells.


Scrolled Megillat Esther. This lovely quality print Esther Scroll has all the Megilah, the blessings before and after, and Shoshanat Yaacov Song. Megillas Esther is read yearly on Purim and is customary to be read from specifically a scroll.
Large - Size 15 cm tall.


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By Sticky Content on December 6, 2019
Sticky Content teams up with award-winning creative agency Commotion
We're thrilled to announce that Sticky Content has now joined forces with Commotion, creator of award-winning video and motion content for some of the world's best-loved brands.
So who are Commotion?
Already a sister agency to Sticky Content as part of PA Media Group, Commotion launched in 2017 and quickly grew into a successful creative agency, providing video and animation solutions for leading consumer and B2B brands in the UK and worldwide.
In 2019 Commotion won a clutch of Brand Film Festival Awards, including a 'Best of the Best' award, one Gold and two Silver awards for 'Dear Dorothy', a film created for Jaguar Land Rover to celebrate its 70th anniversary. Commotion's most recent plaudit was a Highly Commended for 'Best Use of Video' at the 2019 CorpComms awards.
What does the merger mean for our clients?
One of the UK's leading content agencies, Sticky Content is now in its 22nd year and has gained an excellent reputation for providing digital content, social and strategy services to a wide range of clients in both B2B and B2C sectors. As of now, Sticky will be able to deliver all your video, animation and photography content needs in-house. This will help us work more creatively, economically and strategically on campaigns, ensuring we create impactful content that gets results.
Video remains one of the most effective ways of engaging with an audience and driving action. It's also a fantastic tool for communicating complex and dry subjects in a more appealing way. Humans are hard-wired to detect movement, which is one of the many reasons why campaigns that use video and animation have a higher chance of cut-through with audiences.
The head of Sticky's creative team is Rhian Harries, an award-winning Creative Director whose expertise in editorial and branded video content has driven campaigns for the likes of Alpro, HSBC, Kellogg's, Jaguar Land Rover, the Museum of London, Nestle and Red Bull. The team also includes a strong portfolio of producers and camera operators, plus animation and graphic design expertise.
Take a look at our showreel
How to work with us on video
For more information or to set up a free consultation with our Creative Director Rhian Harries, email our Head of Marketing, Rajet or call +44 (0)20 7963 7070.
Content confidential | Your friend, the creative brief
Cut your news stories, no one likes two-week-old fish
How Labour's "baby number'' campaign ticked all the boxes; except content strategy
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