text:
You are here: Public Health › Trauma-Informed Systems › The Need for Trauma-Informed Change
In the past thirty years a large body of evidence-based research has accumulated about the impact of a exposure to violence – both past violence and current violence – on the majority of behavioral health diagnoses, a large proportion of health problems, and virtually all existing social problems [1, 2]. Large epidemiological studies have indicated that the majority of the U.S. population will experience a traumatic event sometime in their lifetime [3-5]. Approximately 8% of individuals in the United States – 20 million people – will be diagnosed with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in their lifetime and as many as 20 million more people experience PTSD-related symptoms.
The most vulnerable adults in the population are women who have histories of exposure to violence throughout the lifespan, have behavioral health problems and social adjustment problems related to this exposure to trauma, are likely have substance abuse problems, as well as difficulties with parenting. Fifty to seventy percent of all women treated in psychiatric settings have histories of sexual or physical abuse or both. Up to 81% of men and women in psychiatric hospitals who are diagnosed with a variety of mental health illnesses have experienced physical and/or sexual abuse. Sixty-seven percent of these men and women were abused as children [6]. Adults who were abused in childhood are: more than twice as likely to have at least one lifetime psychiatric diagnosis; almost three times as likely to have an affective disorder; almost three times as likely to have an anxiety disorder; almost two and a half times as likely to have phobias; more than ten times as likely to have a panic disorder, almost four times as likely to have an antisocial personality disorder [7]. The majority of adults diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder (81%) or dissociative identity disorder (90%) were sexually and/or physically abused as children [8, 9]. Up to two-thirds of men and women in substance abuse treatment report childhood abuse or neglect [10]. Stress sculpts the brain to exhibit various antisocial, though adaptive, behaviors and can set off a ripple of hormonal changes and key brain alterations in children that may be irreversible [11]. One to two-third of individuals abused in childhood are at risk for maltreating their own children [12, 13].
Trauma survivors present sequentially and simultaneously to many different social service and healthcare settings and the response to their problems is fragmented, disjointed, sometimes overlapping, sometimes leaving gaps, and frequently offering contradictory advice and options [2, 14, 15]. If they do seek or are sent to behavioral health systems of care for treatment, they are unlikely to receive the kind of treatment they require. Currently, behavioral health systems do not adequately address trauma-related behavioral/ health/relational issues due to training that has lagged behind actual progress in the field of treating trauma-related disorders. Worse yet, standard approaches to mental health treatment may actually re-traumatize people who have experienced violence and thus increase, rather than decrease chronicity and/or treatment failure [14, 15].
If they seek or are sent to substance abuse treatment programs they are unlikely to receive trauma-informed care for their addictive problems, nor are they likely to receive treatment that is oriented around the gender differences between men and women in treating addictive disorders. Instead, the failure to recognize and address trauma-related problems that co-occur with the addictions may in fact make the problems worse. In adults, the rates for co-morbid PTSD and substance use disorders are two to three times higher for females than males with 30-57% of all female substance abusers meeting the criteria for PTSD [16]. It is estimated that fewer than 20% of substance abuse programs offer specialized trauma-related services for dually diagnosed clients [17]. Programs for women are somewhat more likely to be addressing the issues of trauma in their clients' background than programs for men.
If they seek or are sent to homeless shelters, their past and current exposure to violence is unlikely to be addressed at all and only the most problematic behavioral health problems are likely to be referred. Ninety-two percent of homeless mothers have experienced physical and/or sexual assault [18]. More than 66% of homeless mothers have experienced severe physical violence by a caretaker and 43% were sexually molested during childhood. Sixty percent of homeless mothers were abused by the age of 12 [19]. Sixty-three percent of homeless mothers have been victims of intimate partner violence and 32% are current or recent victims of domestic violence [19]. Seventy percent of women living on the streets or in shelters report abuse in childhood [20]. Ninety-seven percent of mentally ill homeless women have experienced severe physical and/or sexual abuse and 87% experienced this abuse both as children and as adults [21]. Given the limited resources of the clients, consistent follow-up for these problems is unlikely to occur even if referral for services is made.
If they seek or are sent to domestic violence shelters, although the recent exposure to violence will serve as the reason for admission, the past history of exposure to violence is likely to be ignored, and little if any treatment will be offered for the past or present trauma-related disorders. Women who were sexually abused during childhood are 2.4 times more likely to be revictimized as adults than women who were not sexually abused [22]. Many victims of family violence also suffer from mental illness. In a study of 941 young adults, half of those involved in partner violence had a psychiatric disorder and one-third of those with a psychiatric disorder were involved in partner violence. Individuals involved in severe partner violence had elevated rates of a wide spectrum of disorders [23].
If they are sent to prison, although their exposure to violence may continue, it is unlikely that they will receive behavioral health referral for anything other than the most glaring and problematic problems and the services that are delivered will not be trauma-informed. Eighty percent of women in prison and jails have been victims of sexual and physical abuse [24]. We do not yet have good statistics for men although people who work with male prisoners estimate extremely high rates of exposure to adversity in childhood and violence as adults [25].
If they are sent to healthcare facilities, it is somewhat more likely that their current exposure to violence will be recognized, and some links to domestic violence programs may exist, but the impact of past trauma is unlikely to be recognized or addressed, nor is there likely to be a connection made between their present physical disorders – other than the obvious traumatic injuries – and the past or present exposure to violence. Nonetheless the medical impacts of childhood and adult abuse include: head trauma, brain injury, sexually transmitted diseases, unwanted pregnancy, HIV infection, physical disabilities, chronic pelvic pain, headaches, gastrointestinal disturbances, sleep disorders, eating disorders, asthma, shortness of breath, chronic muscle tension, elevated blood pressure, ischemic heart disease, cancer, chronic lung disease, skeletal fractures and liver disease [26-31].
Additionally, chronic trauma survivors are likely to have multiple levels of engagement with law enforcement, the judiciary, child protection, housing, and welfare agencies related to their current and past exposure to violence. Victims of child sexual abuse are at increased risk of becoming prostitutes [32, 33]. More than 40% of women on welfare were sexually abused as children. These women are often unable to keep a job and become homeless along with their children [34]. Sixty percent of housed, low-income mothers on Aid for Dependent Children experienced severe childhood physical abuse and 42% were molested as children [35]. Victims of father-daughter incest are four times more likely than non-incest victims to be asked to pose for pornography [36].
The research is overwhelming in concluding that exposure to violence is the primary precursor to dysfunctional behavior of all kinds, including substance abuse. Behavioral health problems and many core social issues cannot be addressed without understanding and addressing the consequences of violence-induced trauma. Currently, in most social service and mental health settings there is a lack of a clear, consistent, comprehensive and coherent model for delivering care that takes into account the impact of exposure to violence, abuse, and other forms of traumatic experience on individuals, families, staff, and organizations. This is what makes implementing trauma-informed services so important. But what is a "trauma-informed system"?
1. Bloom, S.L. The PVS Disaster: Poverty, Violence and Substance Abuse in the Lives of Women and Children. A Literature Review. 2002; Available from:http://www.sanctuaryweb.com/main/women's_law_project.htm.
2. Women's Law Project, Responding to the needs of pregnant and parenting women with substance use disorders in Philadelphia. 2002, Women's Law Project: Philadelphia. p. http://www.womenslawproject.org/reports/Pregnant_parenting_PVS.pdf.
3. Kessler, R.C., Posttraumatic stress disorder: the burden to the individual and to society. J Clin Psychiatry, 2000. 61 Suppl 5: p. 4-12; discussion 13-4.
4. Kessler, R.C., C.G. Davis, and K.S. Kendler, Childhood adversity and adult psychiatric disorder in the US National Comorbidity Survey. Psychol Med, 1997. 27(5): p. 1101-19.
5. Kessler, R.C., et al., Posttraumatic stress disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 1995. 52(12): p. 1048-60.
6. Jacobson, A. and B. Richardson, Assault experiences of 100 psychiatric inpatients: Evidence of the need for routine inquiry. American Journal of Psychiatry, 1987. 144(7): p. 908-913.
7. Stein, J.A., et al., Long-term psychological sequelae of child sexual abuse: The Los Angeles Epidemiological Catchment Area Study., in Lasting Effects of Child Sexual Abuse., G.E. Wyatt and G.J. Powell, Editors. 1988, Sage Publications: Newbury Park, CA.
8. Herman, J.L., J.C. Perry, and B.A. van der Kolk, Childhood trauma in borderline personality disorder. Am J Psychiatry, 1989. 146(4): p. 490-5.
9. Ross, C.A., et al., Structured interview data on 102 cases of multiple personality disorder from four centers. Am J Psychiatry, 1990. 147(5): p. 596-601.
10. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, Substance abuse treatment for persons with child abuse and neglect issues, in Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series. Number 36. DHHS Publication No. (SMA) 00-3357. 2000, U.S. Printing Office: Washington, D.C.
11. Teicher, M.H., Scars that won't heal: The neurobiology of child abuse. Scientific American, 2002. 286(3): p. 68-75.
12. Kaufman, J. and E. Zigler, Do abused children become abusive parents? American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 1987. 572(2): p. 186-192.
13. Oliver, J., Intergenerational transmission of child abuse: rates, research, and clinical implications. American Journal of Psychiatry, 1993. 150: p. 1315-1324.
14. Moses, D.J., M. Huntingdon, and B. D'Ambrosio, Developing Integrated Services for Women With Co-Occurring Disorders and Trauma Histories: Lessons from the SAMHSA Women with Alcohol, Drug Abuse and Mental Health Disorders Who Have Histories of Violence Study. 2004, Policy Research Associates, Inc (Women, Co-Occurring Disorders and Violence Study Coordinating Center): Delmar, NY.
15. Moses, D.J., et al., Creating Trauma Services For Women With Co-Occurring Disorders: Experiences from the SAMHSA women with Alcohol, Drug Abuse and Mental Health Disorders Who Have Histories of Violence Study. 2003, Delmar, NY: Policy Research Associates, Inc (Women, Co-Occurring Disorders and Violence Study Coordinating Center).
16. Najavits, L.M., R.D. Weiss, and S.R. Shaw, The link between substance abuse and posttraumatic stress disorder in women. A research review. Am J Addict, 1997. 6(4): p. 273-83.
17. Bollerud, K., A model for the treatment of trauma-related syndromes among chemically dependent inpatient women. J Subst Abuse Treat, 1990. 7(2): p. 83-7.
18. Bassuk, E.L., et al., The characteristics and needs of sheltered homeless and low-income housed mothers. JAMA, 1996. 276(8): p. 640-6.
19. Browne, A. and S.S. Bassuk, Intimate violence in the lives of homeless and poor housed women: prevalence and patterns in an ethnically diverse sample.Am J Orthopsychiatry, 1997. 67(2): p. 261-78.
20. Goodman, L.A., The prevalence of abuse among homeless and housed poor mothers: A comparison study. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 1991.61(4): p. 489-500.
21. Goodman, L.A., M.A. Dutton, and M. Harris, The relationship between violence dimensions and symptom severity among homeless, mentally ill women. J Trauma Stress, 1997. 10(1): p. 51-70.
22. Wyatt, G.E., D. Guthrie, and C.M. Notgrass, Differential effects of women's child sexual abuse and subsequent sexual revictimization. J Consult Clin Psychol, 1992. 60(2): p. 167-73.
23. Danielson, K.K., et al., Comorbidity between abuse of an adult and DSM-III-R mental disorders: evidence from an epidemiological study. Am J Psychiatry, 1998. 155(1): p. 131-3.
24. Smith, B., Women Prisoners' Handbook on Identifying and Addressing Sexual Misconduct. 1998: National Women's Law Center.
25. Gilligan, J., Violence: Our deadly epidemic and its causes. 1996, New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
26. Prescott, L., Women Emerging in the wake of violence. . 1998, Culver City: Prototypes.
27. Cunningham, J., T. Pearce, and P. Pearce, Childhood sexual abuse and medical complaints in adult women. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 1988. 3: p. 131-144.
28. Morrison, J., Childhood sexual histories of women with somatization disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 1989. 146: p. 239-241.
29. Springs, F.E. and W.N. Friedrich, Health risk behaviors and medical sequelae of childhood sexual abuse. Mayo Clin Proc, 1992. 67(6): p. 527-32.
30. Walker, E.A., et al., Medical and psychiatric symptoms in women with childhood sexual abuse. Psychosom Med, 1992. 54(6): p. 658-64.
31. Felitti, V.J., et al., Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults. The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study. Am J Prev Med, 1998. 14(4): p. 245-58.
32. Browne, A. and D. Finkelhor, Impact of child sexual abuse: a review of the research. Psychol Bull, 1986. 99(1): p. 66-77.
33. Silbert, M.H. and A.M. Pines, Sexual child abuse as an antecedent to prostitution. Child Abuse & Neglect, 1991. 5(4): p. 407-411.
34. deParle, J., Life after welfare., in New York Times. 1999, November 28.
35. Bassuk, E.L., et al., Prevalence of mental health and substance use disorders among homeless and low-income housed mothers. Am J Psychiatry, 1998.155(11): p. 1561-4.
36. Russell, D.E.H., The Secret Trauma: Incest in the Lives of Girls and Women. 1986, New York: Basic Books.


text:
Q: how to create update function for bash script I want to create a update function for my bash script so that in the future any changes I commit to the script which is stored on github can be updated by the end-users. I can't find any example of an update function for bash.
if I just make a function like so:
function update(){
  git clone https://path/to/my/repo.git
}

It simply creates another copy of my repo in the present directory that I'm in. Adding a path directly to the script doesn
t work either. How can I make it happen?

A: If the update function is ment for the end user to update there copy of the script, this might be what your looking for.
    update(){
    cd /tmp
    git clone https://path/to/my/repo.git
    # cd into the cloned directory if need to reach script
    mv script.sh /to/location/of/old/script
    # or
    rm /location/of/old/script.sh
    mv script.sh /to/location/of/old/script
    }

A: This should work, but as mentioned, don't be dev and user in the same directory!
function update {
    git pull
}

Eventually if you need to perform a specific command in case an update was available, you can use something like
function update {
    if [[ "$(git pull|grep Already)" = "" ]]; then
        echo "script has just been updated"
    else
        echo "no update was available"
    fi
}

Also, one thing that can come in handy if you do this is to have a separate settings file, that you source from your script and ".gitignore" - so people don't have to reset their settings at each update

A: Maybe you need git -f pull origin a_branch:tmp_branch to force pulling new changes from a_branch to a tmp_branch every some second.
function update {
  cd the/repo/path
  git pull -f origin a_branch:tmp_branch
}

A: I needed an update function in a subscript without git pulling the whole directrory, it ended up like this:
(from https://bitbucket.org/jupiter126/sheldon/raw/master/backup_skel.sh)

if [ "$(grep 'autoupdate=1' $directory/backup_$(hostname).sh)" != "" ]; then
    oldver=$(cat "$directory/backup_skel.sh"|grep -v "("|grep backupversion|cut -f2 -d"=")
    newver=$(curl -s https://bitbucket.org/jupiter126/sheldon/raw/master/backup_skel.sh|grep -v "("|grep backupversion|cut -f2 -d"=")
    if [ "$newver" -gt "$oldver" ]; then
        echo "new version detected, updating backup script"
        mv "$directory/backup_skel.sh" "$directory/backup_skel.old"
        $wwwget -q https://bitbucket.org/jupiter126/sheldon/raw/master/backup_skel.sh -O"$directory/backup_skel.sh" && sleep 2 && chmod +x "$directory/backup_skel.sh" && sleep 2 && exec "$directory/backup_skel.sh"
    fi
fi

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
"""Module that checks if there is an updated version of a package available."""
import os
import pickle
import re
import requests
import sys
import time
from datetime import datetime
from functools import wraps
from tempfile import gettempdir

__version__ = "0.18.0"

def cache_results(function):
    """Return decorated function that caches the results."""

    def save_to_permacache():
        """Save the in-memory cache data to the permacache.

        There is a race condition here between two processes updating at the
        same time. It's perfectly acceptable to lose and/or corrupt the
        permacache information as each process's in-memory cache will remain
        in-tact.

        """
        update_from_permacache()
        try:
            with open(filename, "wb") as fp:
                pickle.dump(cache, fp, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
        except IOError:
            pass  # Ignore permacache saving exceptions

    def update_from_permacache():
        """Attempt to update newer items from the permacache."""
        try:
            with open(filename, "rb") as fp:
                permacache = pickle.load(fp)
        except Exception:  # TODO: Handle specific exceptions
            return  # It's okay if it cannot load
        for key, value in permacache.items():
            if key not in cache or value[0] > cache[key][0]:
                cache[key] = value

    cache = {}
    cache_expire_time = 3600
    try:
        filename = os.path.join(gettempdir(), "update_checker_cache.pkl")
        update_from_permacache()
    except NotImplementedError:
        filename = None

    @wraps(function)
    def wrapped(obj, package_name, package_version, **extra_data):
        """Return cached results if available."""
        now = time.time()
        key = (package_name, package_version)
        if not obj._bypass_cache and key in cache:  # Check the in-memory cache
            cache_time, retval = cache[key]
            if now - cache_time < cache_expire_time:
                return retval
        retval = function(obj, package_name, package_version, **extra_data)
        cache[key] = now, retval
        if filename:
            save_to_permacache()
        return retval

    return wrapped

def query_pypi(package, include_prereleases):
    """Return information about the current version of package."""
    try:
        response = requests.get(f"https://pypi.org/pypi/{package}/json", timeout=1)
    except requests.exceptions.RequestException:
        return {"success": False}
    if response.status_code != 200:
        return {"success": False}
    data = response.json()
    versions = list(data["releases"].keys())
    versions.sort(key=parse_version, reverse=True)

    version = versions[0]
    for tmp_version in versions:
        if include_prereleases or standard_release(tmp_version):
            version = tmp_version
            break

    upload_time = None
    for file_info in data["releases"][version]:
        if file_info["upload_time"]:
            upload_time = file_info["upload_time"]
            break

    return {"success": True, "data": {"upload_time": upload_time, "version": version}}

def standard_release(version):
    return version.replace(".", "").isdigit()

# This class must be defined before UpdateChecker in order to unpickle objects
# of this type
class UpdateResult:

    """Contains the information for a package that has an update."""

    def __init__(self, package, running, available, release_date):
        """Initialize an UpdateResult instance."""
        self.available_version = available
        self.package_name = package
        self.running_version = running
        if release_date:
            self.release_date = datetime.strptime(release_date, "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S")
        else:
            self.release_date = None

    def __str__(self):
        """Return a printable UpdateResult string."""
        retval = f"Version {self.running_version} of {self.package_name} is outdated. Version {self.available_version} "
        if self.release_date:
            retval += f"was released {pretty_date(self.release_date)}."
        else:
            retval += "is available."
        return retval

class UpdateChecker:

    """A class to check for package updates."""

    def __init__(self, *, bypass_cache=False):
        self._bypass_cache = bypass_cache

    @cache_results
    def check(self, package_name, package_version):
        """Return a UpdateResult object if there is a newer version."""

        data = query_pypi(
            package_name, include_prereleases=not standard_release(package_version)
        )

        if not data.get("success") or (
            parse_version(package_version) >= parse_version(data["data"]["version"])
        ):
            return None

        return UpdateResult(
            package_name,
            running=package_version,
            available=data["data"]["version"],
            release_date=data["data"]["upload_time"],
        )

def pretty_date(the_datetime):
    """Attempt to return a human-readable time delta string."""
    # Source modified from
    # http://stackoverflow.com/a/5164027/176978
    diff = datetime.utcnow() - the_datetime
    if diff.days > 7 or diff.days < 0:
        return the_datetime.strftime("%A %B %d, %Y")
    elif diff.days == 1:
        return "1 day ago"
    elif diff.days > 1:
        return f"{diff.days} days ago"
    elif diff.seconds <= 1:
        return "just now"
    elif diff.seconds < 60:
        return f"{diff.seconds} seconds ago"
    elif diff.seconds < 120:
        return "1 minute ago"
    elif diff.seconds < 3600:
        return f"{int(round(diff.seconds / 60))} minutes ago"
    elif diff.seconds < 7200:
        return "1 hour ago"
    else:
        return f"{int(round(diff.seconds / 3600))} hours ago"

def update_check(package_name, package_version, bypass_cache=False):
    """Convenience method that outputs to stderr if an update is available."""
    checker = UpdateChecker(bypass_cache=bypass_cache)
    result = checker.check(package_name, package_version)
    if result:
        print(result, file=sys.stderr)

# The following section of code is taken from setuptools pkg_resources.py (PSF
# license). Unfortunately importing pkg_resources to directly use the
# parse_version function results in some undesired side effects.

component_re = re.compile(r"(\d+ | [a-z]+ | \.| -)", re.VERBOSE)
replace = {"pre": "c", "preview": "c", "-": "final-", "rc": "c", "dev": "@"}.get

def _parse_version_parts(s):
    for part in component_re.split(s):
        part = replace(part, part)
        if not part or part == ".":
            continue
        if part[:1] in "0123456789":
            yield part.zfill(8)  # pad for numeric comparison
        else:
            yield "*" + part

    yield "*final"  # ensure that alpha/beta/candidate are before final

def parse_version(s):
    """Convert a version string to a chronologically-sortable key.

    This is a rough cross between distutils' StrictVersion and LooseVersion;
    if you give it versions that would work with StrictVersion, then it behaves
    the same; otherwise it acts like a slightly-smarter LooseVersion. It is
    *possible* to create pathological version coding schemes that will fool
    this parser, but they should be very rare in practice.

    The returned value will be a tuple of strings.  Numeric portions of the
    version are padded to 8 digits so they will compare numerically, but
    without relying on how numbers compare relative to strings.  Dots are
    dropped, but dashes are retained.  Trailing zeros between alpha segments
    or dashes are suppressed, so that e.g. "2.4.0" is considered the same as
    "2.4". Alphanumeric parts are lower-cased.

    The algorithm assumes that strings like "-" and any alpha string that
    alphabetically follows "final"  represents a "patch level".  So, "2.4-1"
    is assumed to be a branch or patch of "2.4", and therefore "2.4.1" is
    considered newer than "2.4-1", which in turn is newer than "2.4".

    Strings like "a", "b", "c", "alpha", "beta", "candidate" and so on (that
    come before "final" alphabetically) are assumed to be pre-release versions,
    so that the version "2.4" is considered newer than "2.4a1".

    Finally, to handle miscellaneous cases, the strings "pre", "preview", and
    "rc" are treated as if they were "c", i.e. as though they were release
    candidates, and therefore are not as new as a version string that does not
    contain them, and "dev" is replaced with an '@' so that it sorts lower than
    than any other pre-release tag.

    """
    parts = []
    for part in _parse_version_parts(s.lower()):
        if part.startswith("*"):
            if part < "*final":  # remove '-' before a prerelease tag
                while parts and parts[-1] == "*final-":
                    parts.pop()
            # remove trailing zeros from each series of numeric parts
            while parts and parts[-1] == "00000000":
                parts.pop()
        parts.append(part)
    return tuple(parts)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
13 Laryngitis Home Remedies
by Prevention Published: Jun 22, 2014
Housed in your larynx, your vocal cords—or vocal folds, which doctors might sometimes call them—are little bands of stretchy tissue that come together and move apart like a pair of lips. When you speak or sing, air passes through them while they vibrate just like you're blowing someone "the raspberry," says Adam Klein, MD. Each time you speak or sing, your vocal cords move hundreds of times each second, possibly even 1,000 times. Sometimes your vocal cords grow irritated or inflamed, a condition called laryngitis. Your throat may feel sore, but the most common symptom is that your voice sounds different. The vocal cords swell; imagine having two fat lips and trying to buzz them together, Klein says. They may not vibrate at all, and in that case, you can't make a peep. Or they may vibrate, but because they're heavier, they vibrate more slowly, so the result is that the pitch of your voice drops.
The common cold and other viral infections of the upper airways are frequent causes of laryngitis. It often accompanies the flu, bronchitis, pneumonia, measles, whooping cough, or any infection of the upper airways. Acid juices from the stomach that escape into the throat can wreak havoc with your vocal cords. And any opera singer or campaigning politician can tell you, straining the voice is a common cause of hoarseness, as are exposure to tobacco smoke and allergies. If your timbre is now as deep and croaky as Clint Eastwood's, follow these expert-recommended laryngitis home remedies.
Rest Your Voice
For run-of-the-mill laryngitis, "the best thing you can do is rest your voice," Klein suggests. When your vocal cords are swollen, those persistent vibrations you create while speaking inflict trauma on them. It's especially bad if you try to maintain your usual speaking or singing performance, since you have to push harder to make your vocal cords vibrate at the usual frequencies.
Avoid Even Whispering
Although you may think that whispering is softer and gentler on your tender tissues, it's not. "Whispering causes you to bang your vocal cords together as strongly as if you were shouting," explains George T. Simpson II, MD.
Prioritize Your Noisemaking
If you just have to speak, preserve your words for the times that are absolutely necessary, and the rest of the time "zip it," Klein says. Avoid speaking in noisy environments—if you must speak, head somewhere quieter. Send text messages with your cell phone, stick to email, or carry a pad of paper and pen with you to jot down your thoughts.
Give Them Some Steam
"Singers swear by steam showers," Klein says. This helps keep your tissues moist and lubricated, helping them vibrate better. So give yourself some relaxation and step into a hot shower on a regular basis while you're coping with laryngitis. If you're a professional singer who doesn't currently have laryngitis and you want to keep it that way, do your vocal warmups in a hot, steamy shower to reduce strain, he says.
Staying well hydrated helps your vocal folds when you have laryngitis, Klein says. And it's the perfect time to remember to drink those eight 8-ounce glasses daily that health experts recommend. Avoid caffeinated and carbonated drinks—caffeine can worsen acid reflux. A hot cup of caffeine-free herbal tea can be helpful.
MORE: 5 Reasons Your Body Wants You To Drink More Green Tea
Use A Cold-Air Humidifier
The layer of mucosa that blankets your vocal cords needs to be kept moist. When it's not, mucus can become sticky and adherent, a virtual flypaper for irritants. Fight back with a cold-air humidifier, says Scott Kessler, MD.
Avoid Breathing Through Your Mouth
"Breathing through your nose is a natural humidifier," says Kessler. "People who have a deviated nasal septum breathe through the mouth while asleep. That exposes the voice to dry and cold air. Evaluating how you breathe is critical to understanding the nature of hoarseness."
Nix The Cigarettes
Smoking is a prime cause of throat dryness, says Kessler. It also relaxes your upper stomach muscles, which allows your harsh stomach juices to contact the larynx.
Watch For Reflux
So-called laryngeal reflux can be worsened by sleeping on a full stomach; drinking caffeine or alcohol; eating mints, citrus fruits, spicy foods, and tomato sauce; taking aspirin or excessive vitamin C; and doing exercises such as abdominal crunches and the "downward facing dog" yoga pose, Kessler says. Avoiding these may help reduce episodes of laryngitis.
Beware Of Airplane Air
Talking on an airplane can sabotage your voice. This is because the pressurized air inside the cabin is so dry. To keep your cords moist, breathe through your nose, says Kessler. Chew gum or suck on lozenges so that you'll have no choice but to keep your mouth closed.
Certain prescription and over-the-counter drugs, such as antihistamines for allergies, can be very drying, Kessler says. When your vocal cords are dry, "speaking or singing is like running a car engine without oil," he says. Use these with caution or avoid when you're hoarse—though talk to your doctor before changing your medication regimen. Some other culprits can include blood pressure and thyroid medications.
Respect Your Voice
If you have a presentation to do and you find yourself hoarse, it's better to cancel than risk doing long-term damage to your voice, says Kessler.
MORE: Bounce Back From A Cold Or Flu—Fast
Consider Voice Training
If you're a professional speaker or singer—or you're required to communicate with your voice a lot—it's a good idea to get some voice training. A professional can advise you how to get the muscles around your larynx to work together as a team so you can use them more effectively.
When To Call A Doctor
If your voice loss is accompanied by pain so severe that you have trouble swallowing your own saliva, see a physician immediately, says Simpson. Swelling in the upper part of your larynx may be blocking your airway. You should also contact your doctor if you cough up blood, hear noises in your throat when you breathe, or find that voice rest doesn't help your hoarseness. If your laryngitis lasts more than 2 weeks, see a doctor who specializes in throat problems such as an otolaryngologist, says Klein. These specialists have the experience and equipment to inspect your vocal cords—not merely the back of your throat—and quickly diagnose the problem, which can be caused by such issues as growths on the cords.
Scott Kessler, MD, is an otolaryngologist specializing in the care of voice professionals and is on the attending staff at the Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York City. He is the physician for the Metropolitan Opera and Broadway performers, recording artists, TV, radio, and movie personalities, and clergy.
Adam Klein, MD, is an assistant professor of otolaryngology and a surgeon at Emory Healthcare in Atlanta, Georgia, whose specialties include throat and voice problems. His clients include many professional singers and speakers.
George T. Simpson II, MD, is a professor of otolaryngology and surgery at the University of Buffalo.
Study: Antidepressants Cause Emotional Blunting
Intermittent Fasting May Not Be Helpful for Weight

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Hub Group Named to Food Logistics' Top Green Providers List for 2017
OAK BROOK, Ill., June 30, 2017 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — Hub Group (NASDAQ:HUBG) announced today that it has been named to the Top Green Providers list for 2017 by Food Logistics, the only publication exclusively dedicated to covering the movement of product through the global food supply chain.
"We are honored to have our work recognized for the second year in a row," said Don Maltby, Hub Group's President and Chief Operating Officer. "Our sustainability initiatives provide great value to our customers and the communities in which we operate. From intermodal conversion to our SmartWay partnership, we are committed to helping improve fuel efficiency and reduce ecological impact."
Hub Group's headquarters also reflect the company's commitment to sustainability through its LEED Gold certification. That design increases the use of natural light and includes a rain water harvesting system and a footprint that preserves some of the natural prairie.
Food Logistics' annual Top Green Providers list recognizes companies whose products, services or exemplary leadership enhances sustainability within the food and beverage industry. Each year, the criteria for earning a spot on the list become more stringent. The editorial staff evaluates factors like the applicant's participation in programs such as the EPA's SmartWay and use of facilities that are LEED-certified, feature solar panels, LED lighting and other energy saving installations, or use retrofits that produce measure reductions in GHG emissions.
"The future viability of the world's food supply chain is dependent upon our ability to integrate sustainability from farm to fork," says Lara L. Sowinski, editorial director at Food Logistics. "Transportation and logistics comprise a significant part of that supply chain, and we commend those companies in our industry that embrace their role as environmental stewards, while raising the sustainability bar for their peers."
About Food Logistics
Food Logistics is published by AC Business Media, a business-to-business media company that provides targeted content and comprehensive, integrated advertising and promotion opportunities for some of the world's most recognized B2B brands. Its diverse portfolio serves the construction, logistics, supply chain and other industries with print, digital and custom products, events and social media.
Hub Group Inc. is a transportation management company that provides multi-modal solutions throughout North America, including intermodal, truck brokerage and logistics services. As a publicly traded company with nearly $3.6 billion in revenue, Hub Group's organization of over 2,500 employees delivers innovative, customer-focused solutions and industry leading service to help customers better control supply chains and their costs. For more information, visit www.hubgroup.com.
Hub Group Inc. CONTACT: Elena Izakson, eizakson@hubgroup.com, 630-795-2202
Hub Group, Inc.
Walmart Names Hub Group 2016 Intermodal Carrier of the Year
Hub Group, Inc. Schedules Second Quarter 2017 Earnings Conference Call


Do you have secondary characters in your novel or story? Have you given them enough attention? Or are you using them as if they were props?
As writers, we spend time in character development for our protagonist and antagonist, and tend to throw in a secondary character for dialogue or for a cause of some kind, etc. Without distinguishing characteristics, these minor beings are flat, boring, and unnoticeable. What can a writer do to enhance a minor figure's brief appearance? For example a police officer might be in a couple of scenes, but has little importance. Find something distinctive about him. Does he smell like cigarette smoke? Does he pull on his ear frequently? Is his badge on crooked?
What about a delivery boy? In one of my short stories, he's there for a minute, but I have him joking with my protagonist about the size of the package being taller than her. She enjoys his humor.
In a different short story of mine that won a second place award in a competition, called "A Cup of Change," the waiter talks too much about his fiance, yet he's infatuated with the protagonist who openly flirts with him. He appears twice in the story for brief moments, but he's memorable. When I wrote that story several years ago, I had learned that secondary characters can reflect the theme or premise or can have a similar goal or problem in a subplot. "A Cup of Change" is about a woman who is having an affair with her friend's husband and doesn't realize her friend knows about it. The woman tries to encourage her friend to get a divorce since the married couple are not getting along. Meanwhile the waiter talks on and on about his upcoming wedding. The wife flirts with him and gives him advice on how to treat his bride while the mistress interprets the interaction as a good sign for an impending divorce. The young waiter's actions show he is excited about his wedding plans, yet nervous around this mature, seductive woman. He's a minor character but fully developed and he reflects the theme of marriage and betrayal.
Do you have a favorite minor character?
Another important addition to my Writing Tips folder, especially since one of the major criticisms in one of my recent stories was that I had introduced a couple of characters that were merely cardboard cutouts and prop holders. When I sprinkled those secondary characters with little bits of personality, the story grew wings. Thanks, dahlink.
You're welcome, Lady Winfred. We all keep learning, forgetting, and learning again. I can't wait until it's automatic.


How To Eat Healthy In Restaurants | Gina Miller's Blog - A working mom's blog about fitness, travel, handbags & beauty.
Order two appetizers as a meal. Appetizers are usually more interesting than the entrees. The portions are also large, making them substantial enough to satisfy you.
Order plain balsamic vinegar on your salad dressing. Salad dressings, especially creamy ones are a diet disaster. Most restaurants have plain balsamic vinegar. The vinegar provides minimal calories and delivers an interesting flavor. No vinegar? Ask for lemon and a bit of olive oil.
Leave a few bites on your plate. Restaurant portions are too big. Most human beings don't need all that food. If leaving a few bites makes you feel guilty, get a doggy bag.
Put your fork down between bites. It forces you to eat more slowly which, in turn, helps you consume fewer calories. Learn more about this trick here.
If the bread is boring, don't eat it. Unless you're at Poîlane or Les Pain et des Idées in Paris, there will always be better bread.
The New York Times takes it one step further with an outstanding feature teaching you How To Eat Healthy In Restaurants. It has advice for navigating restaurants like Subway, Chipotle, Cheesecake Factory, Capital Grille and more.
Bonus Tip: many chain restaurants post their nutrition menus online. If there is a place you frequent, take a moment to look at the nutrition totals for some of your favorite menu items. I did that...and stopped eating Corner Bakery's Chicken Salad sandwich forever.


Building on what it learned with its Gen 2 Version, Stages has developed its technology even further for this latest model. Built on to a Shimano 105 5800 non-drive side crank arm, it is individually calibrated to ensure its accuracy. Stages produce power meters that both avid amateurs and professionals at the top of their game can trust.
To ensure consistency of measurement, Stages introduced a world-first feature to its power meters. This feature is called "Active temperature Compensation" and it is built in as standard to account for sudden temperature changes, which if not accounted for, would result in false and inaccurate data.
Stages have made additional improvements to the Bluetooth and ANT+ transmitters and the accelerometer. This ensures a stable and powerful connection with your cycle computer is maintained and a faster sampling rate for more up-to-date feedback on your performance.
· Product identification card with serial number and ANT+ I.D.
Headquartered in Portland, Oregon, with a manufacturing and R&D base in Boulder, Colorado, Stages Cycling came to market in 2012 to completely blow the category of power measurement apart. Six World Championships and less than a year later, the world's most data-driven, obsessive, professional cycling team, Team Sky, chose to exclusively ride Stages Power meters to victory in the most grueling professional cycling races in the world including the world time-trial championships. Taking everything we learned from the indoor meter, the team applied it to our experience in outdoor cycling. For the first time in decades, we revolutionized the power measurement process, and ultimately released a high-tech product at an industry leading price. We added Bluetooth, so the meter could be easily updated with contemporary firmware. We pioneered Active Temperature Compensation, keeping the meter accurate despite changing climates, and without the need to stop pedaling. Finally, we used an accelerometer to measure cadence—something our competition said was impossible—eliminating the need for any external sensors or cables. The result was a product that set trends, at a price like no one had ever seen in the power meter market. Today, Stages Power meters are still designed and assembled in Boulder, Colorado—the endurance sport mecca of the world—and are the official power meter of the world's best road, mountain, triathlon, bmx, and motocross cyclists.
Stages Cycling Power G3 L - 105 5800 is rated 5.0 out of 5 by 1.
We can confirm this will be suitable for any 105 5800 chainset We hope this helps!
This should be suitable with your bike.
Will this work with a SRAM force crankset?
No, these are not compatible with Sram cranks and will not work.
This will fit your Giant TCR bike as long as you are running on a Shimano Hollowtech II road chainset.
Will this fit with merida scultura 5000 with Shimano FC-RS500 crankset?
I'm afraid no, this is designed to work with the 5800 cranks.
I have an fsa crank and tiagra 4700 groupset. Will this fit?
It is a boardman Road team carbon and has fsa crank tiagra 4700 and bb386 press fit bottom bracket. Cheers.
These will not fit your cranks currently. You would need to change the chain set to a Shimano Hollowtech system in order to be able to use these.
Yes this will work with the old 105 cranksets.
This power meter won't be compatible with the Ultegra 6400 chainset.
Is it 105 7000 upwards compatible?
Yes, this will be compatible with Shimano Hollowtech II road cranks.
Are you planning to get the 170mm version?
We offer the 170mm in both silver and black.


This week, TeamShrub and Airborne GeoSciences were at Our Dynamic Earth for the Inspiring Young Scientists Event 'The Universe is Your Oyster'. There were 2201 guests at the event including youth of all ages and their parents on the 16 and 17 October 2016.
At our table we had a selection of drones, a flight simulator, photographs and videos of our Arctic adventures, and everything from our Tundra Top Trumps game, Thermokarst the Dragon to the TeamShrub mascot of Otto the Walrus! Just next door were other folks from the School of GeoSciences with jelly volcanoes, cabbage juice and fun activities to illustrate ocean acidification, ocean currents and volcanic eruptions. Down the way, Sophie Flack had a table with her "carbon sink", an actual sink with tropical plants planted in it, illustrating an eddy covariance town in a tropical rain forest.
It was a very fun event, and hopefully over the two days we managed to inspire some young scientists! Thanks to Andy for organising and coordinating the TeamShrub display and to Andy, Sandra, Jakob, Haydn and Tom from AirBorne GeoSciences for proudly donning their purple TeamShrub t-shirts to represent Arctic science using drones at the event!
Sandra and Isla using the flight simulator!
Drones, drone videos and jelly volcanos in the background.
Our multimedia presentations about our drone ecology research in the Arctic.
Here is the video that Dynamic Earth put together about the entire event, TeamShrub features at minute 2:15.


Take home decorating to another level with a Galaxy Crystal Chandelier that's out of this world! These three, five, six, seven, eight, nine, 13, and 14 light galaxy chandeliers offer incredible optical quality and will fascinate you and your guests for years. Perfect for the dining room, foyer, or near the stairs, the 8 Light Planet Modern Pendant crystal chandelier is a beautifully crafted, contemporary fixture with 100% hand cut and polished full-lead crystal drops, on sale for $979.99—a savings of $1420 off the retail price. All galaxy chandeliers from Kingdom Lighting USA come with free UPS shipping.


Note: This table measures the economic incidence of taxes rather than the legal incidence. For a more detailed explanation, see "Who Pays Taxes and Who Receives Government Spending? An Analysis of Federal, State and Local Tax and Spending Distributions, 1991-2004," Tax Foundation Working Paper, No. 1, March 2007, available at http://www.taxfoundation.org/files/wp1.pdf.


Want to learn how to ensure your website appears at the top of the search-engine results page (SERP) of Google, Bing, and Yahoo?
If you're at all serious about your small business or startup, it's essential you have a website to advertise your products and services. How do you ensure your website appears at the top of the search-engine results page (SERP) of Google, Bing, and Yahoo?
First you need to consider some important factors regarding how your website is constructed and structured. It's not enough to just throw something together, unless you want to be drowned in the ocean of your competitors' websites. A little thought and preparation beforehand will do wonders for your marketing strategy and translate into more sales for you. This is, after all, the reason you go into business. The encapsulation of all this website modification is known as Search Engine Optimization, or SEO.
Here are ten profound optimization strategies for small businesses and startups. Profound because they involve a little thought but deliver great results, potentially catapulting you past your competitors, even past the bigger fish, even past those fearsome sharks with plenty of financial bite.
1. Clean Site Choose a web platform for your site that allows you to have a user-friendly, clean design. Your website should be designed with the latest version of HTML. It should have a clear navigation structure, accurate Title Tags with unique Meta Descriptions throughout, and should upload as quickly as your competitors, preferably faster. Keep your URLs short. Maintain an XML site map. This makes it easier for the Google bots to crawl your site, and feed the harvested data into its ever-changing algorithm that gives your website its ranking.
2. Keywords It's crucial to target your market audience by using the right keywords within your website pages. Unearth those words used by your customers to search for similar products to yours. Often small businesses can get better clout for their buck by targeting long-tail keywords. For example, if you are a catering company but like to specialize in weddings you might choose to optimize your website for 'wedding catering services'. You will beat a lot of your competition from the SERPs, especially the ones who just optimize for the keyword 'catering', while maximizing the business you get from weddings.
3. Content Nothing makes Google bots 'happier' than plenty of fresh, relevant content on your website. When you consider that every search engine's aim is to furnish the most relevant online material from the user's search, it logically follows that the more you can write about your business and what it provides, where, how and who by, the higher up the SERPs you will climb. Yes, product information including cost, benefits, and availability, is paramount, but this kind of text tends to be static.
You want to turn your website into a vibrant, breathing beast of business. Company news, blogs, press releases, and product launches, not only keep your website fresh to your regular customers, but when Google's bots regularly uncover new content, its algorithm dictates that the website must be more relevant to the searcher and so upgrades your ranking, boosting you favorably up the SERPs. Just be sure to include more about how your product can solve the visitor's problem or otherwise benefit them, than how you intend to build your brand.
4. Link Building While providing fresh, relevant content for your website is probably the most essential SEO strategy, linking from and to high-quality, relevant content on other websites, blogs, forums, otherwise known as off-site SEO, is close behind. Acquiring backlinks to your website requires some work and research, sending out press releases or new product information to bloggers and other webmasters, who in turn will provide high quality backlinks within their web properties, must carefully be coordinated.
You don't have to worry about exhausting your marketing spend! Local businesses should reach out to their network of associations, small business groups and financial institutions. Most of these groups offer an online business directory as an included member's benefit. The search engines love to see "authority" websites, such as your local bank, linking to your website. It's a signal that you're a real business sticking around for the long haul.
5. Local Presence The world is getting smaller as technology improves. Twenty years ago, a local search may have yielded few results, but nowadays the results are far more competitive. As Google has grown more powerful it can now drill down to specific neighborhoods, no longer dependent on isolating cities or states.
Big business will be targeting your locality, so you need to be including your town or suburb in your list of keywords. Going all local doesn't stop there though. List your business on all the good local online directories, and don't forget Yelp and Trip Advisor. Get involved in local events, festivals, anything related to the community which you can blog about or offer special promotions.
6. Social Media Google concludes that if your website is discussed on social media sites such as Facebook, Google+, Twitter, and LinkedIn, then it must be important enough for people to want to visit and receives a generous boost on the SERP. Some social media sites are better suited for your product and service than others, but this is a great and easy way to increase your web traffic.
7. Consumer Reviews Of all the strategies listed here, this is the one of which you have the least control, but which can be one of the most effective. Consumer reviews, feedback and comments on the products and services you provide not only boost your search engine rankings but history shows they influence 90% of potential customers to buy. People trust consumer reviews even though people they don't know write them; and consumer reviews build your company's reputation like nothing else.
8. Mobile Friendly / Responsive Website Design With mobile devices now overtaking the traditional desktop PC as a means to accessing the Internet, it's important to make your website mobile-friendly. Failure to comply will result in a punitive drop in search-engine rankings. Tips here include using Responsive Web Design, high-quality-web-optimized images and making buttons and font-sizes appropriately sized.
9. Images Don't fall for the myth that it's just paragraphs of text that win you more business. A good selection of images not only makes your website more attractive to the user but increases your search engine rankings, providing you include your chosen keywords into the alt and title tags. Product images of course are most important, but even images of your staff or office will increase ranking, provided keywords are included in those all-important image tags. Google loves images; never forget that.
10. Be Creative Take advantage of the small size of your business and turn it against your larger competitors. Reveal your individualism, humor, and creativity by enthralling your customer base and showing a human side that big business cannot. Avoid all the usual clichés, the banal processes of big business, the bland promises, and the aloof corporate stance. Reach out to your customer with E-cards, games, jokes, poetry, anything you can think of to make your business unique and friendly, offering great value to your customers. Turn your website into a place people will want to return, and win yourself lots of repeat business.
The list above, while certainly not exhaustive, provides solutions that anyone with some basic writing knowhow can do themselves. No complicated coding is required. However, SEO results require patience. It can take months for your search-engine rankings to improve, but if you follow the 10 steps above, it will happen.


Last month, I had my first taste of Hell Night at East Coast Grill in the Inman Square section of Cambridge. For those who've never been, it's a daredevil's dinner party thrown by restaurant owner Chris Schlesinger. He and his staff bait ballsy—some might say foolish—clientele with chile-packed dishes like pork ribs doused with the restaurant's famous Inner Beauty Hot Sauce and Pasta from Hell. The latter is so ridiculously spicy that the menu advises (teases?) customers not to order the dish, and those who do are required to sign a waiver. It's no joke; the night I was there, a guy who ate it got carted off in an ambulance.
A lot of people treat Hell Night as a dare: customer vs. kitchen, to see who's got more heat-tolerance—or just more chutzpah. I was less interested in challenging myself than simply observing all the action with a few tastes here and there, which is why I was excited to join some of my fellow America's Test Kitchen staffers for a hellish evening, so to speak.


text:
De Maleise mocassinslang (Calloselasma rhodostoma) is een slang uit de familie adders (Viperidae).

Naam en indeling
De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst voorgesteld door Heinrich Kuhl in 1824. Oorspronkelijk werd de wetenschappelijke naam Trigonocephalus rhodostoma gebruikt. De slang werd later aan andere geslachten toegekend, zoals Leiolepis(!), Agkistrodon en het niet langer erkende Ancistrodon. Het is tegenwoordig de enige soort uit het monotypische geslacht Calloselasma, dat in 1860 werd beschreven door Edward Drinker Cope.

Uiterlijke kenmerken
De Maleise mocassinslang bereikt een lichaamslengte tot 1,45 meter, de staart is relatief kort en opvallend dun. Juvenielen hebben een witte staartpunt die gebruikt wordt om prooidieren te lokken. De kop is duidelijk te onderscheiden van het lichaam door de aanwezigheid van een insnoering. De ogen zijn relatief klein en hebben een verticale pupil. De slang heeft 21 tot 23 rijen schubben in de lengte op het midden van het lichaam en 142 tot 163 schubben aan de buikzijde. Onder de staart zijn 34 tot 55 staartschubben aanwezig. De anale schub is ongepaard.

Deze soort is purperbruin met licht omrande, donkere driehoeken op de flanken. Tussen zijn ogen en neusgaten bevinden zich warmtezintuigen om prooien te kunnen waarnemen. Het dier heeft een spitse snuit en een wigvormige vlek achter de ogen.

Leefwijze
De Maleise mocassinslang is een bodembewoner die 's nachts actief is. Op het menu staan voornamelijk knaagdieren en vogels. De slang is zeer giftig en bovendien erg agressief en valt zeer snel aan. Voor een aanval wordt ingezet wordt het lichaam afgeplat. Hij maakt veel slachtoffers.

Voortplanting
Deze soort is, in tegenstelling tot andere adderachtigen, eierleggend. Een legsel bestaat meestal uit 13 tot 30 eieren, die het vrouwtje op temperatuur houdt en beschermt, door zich eromheen te rollen tot ze uitkomen. De jongen zijn ongeveer 15 tot 22 centimeter lang bij hun geboorte.

Verspreiding en leefgebied
De slang komt voor in delen van Azië en leeft in de landen Cambodja, Indonesië, Laos, Maleisië, Thailand en Vietnam. De habitat bestaat uit vochtige tropische en subtropische laaglandbossen en droge tropische en subtropische bossen. Ook in door de mens aangepaste streken zoals plantages kan de slang worden gevonden. De Maleise mocassinslang is aangetroffen van zeeniveau tot op een hoogte van ongeveer 700 meter boven zeeniveau.

Beschermingsstatus
Door de internationale natuurbeschermingsorganisatie IUCN is de beschermingsstatus 'veilig' toegewezen (Least Concern of LC).

Bronvermelding

Groefkopadders
Dier uit het Oriëntaals gebied

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
package nl.sonicity.sha2017.cms.cmshabackend.titan.models;

/**
 * Created by hugo on 25/06/2017.
 */
public enum HandleType {
    FIXTURES("Fixtures"),
    GROUPS("Groups"),
    MACROS("Macros"),
    PLAYBACKS("Playbacks"),
    STATIC_PLAYBACKS("StaticPlaybacks"),
    COLOURS("Colours"),
    WORKSPACES("Workspaces"),
    EFFECTS("Effects"),
    ROLLER_A("RollerA"),
    ROLLER_B("RollerB"),
    PLAYBACK_WINDOW("PlaybackWindow");

    private String titanGroupName;

    HandleType(String titanGroupName) {
        this.titanGroupName = titanGroupName;
    }

    public String getTitanGroupName() {
        return titanGroupName;
    }
}


Search apartments for sale in Middleton NH. Find great deals for condos for sale in Middleton.
Why is Hometaurus so important in the Middleton Real Estate market?
Using Hometaurus website help you to locate your dream home for sale in Middleton.
You can even find in Middleton, luxury homes, and apartments for rent and condos including waterfront view listings.


text:
Maruti to reduce diesel engine exports to Hungary, focus on India
Mohammed Asrar August 5, 2011 Maruti Suzuki, News, Upcoming Cars No Comments
Increasing price of petrol has given rise to the demand for cars powered by diesel engines. The country's largest carmaker- Maruti Suzuki India, has decided to tackle by reducing their diesel engine exports to Hungary, over the next six months which will help the automaker to free up about 35,000 to 45,000 Maruti Swift Diesels for the Indian market.
The company plans to increase production of the Swift to 18,000 units a month from 1,000 units earlier to cut short waiting period, in view of increasing competition from new entrants, such as the Ford Figo, Toyota Liva and Volkswagen Polo, besides Honda's upcoming Brio.
The diesel engine facility of the company in Manesar manufactures around 2.8 lakh engines per annum, however it needs around 4 lakh units to sufficiently meet the Indian market needs. Pareek added that the additional engines that they will get after decreasing their exports, will be used for the Swift car in India.
"We are reducing on export of diesel engines significantly to cater to the domestic demand. Currently we export about 35,000 to 45,000 units every year to Hungary. We will reduce it to almost negligible levels in the next six months. The additional engines that we get (after cutting exports) will go for the Swift in India," Mayank Pareek, Managing Executive officer (Marketing and Sales), Maruti Suzuki India (MSI), said.
Pareek however did not disclose the price saying it will be announced at the formal launch on August 17, but sources said it will be about Rs 30,000 more than the existing ones, which starts at Rs 4.09 lakh and goes up to Rs 5.38 lakh (ex-showroom Delhi).
MSI has invested over Rs.550 crore on the development of the new Swift. It will be manufactured on an all-new platform. The new Swift will be powered by 1.2 litre K-series petrol engine and 1.3 litre Multijet diesel engine.
The car will be produced at its Manesar plant, where unit B will commence operations in September with the production of the new Swift.
Also see – New Swift clocks 40000 bookings, damaged during ad shoot
Photo Rendering – Renault Lodgy to hit Indian shores by early-2015
Volvo XC30 entry level SUV
BS6 Tata Harrier with 6-speed automatic launched


text:
BIDBUILDER Pricing Guide (Mar 2022)
Construction Estimating -> BIDBUILDER review -> BIDBUILDER pricing
Ranked 4 out of 72 Construction Estimating systems
Digital Canal
starts at $75 per month
BIDBUILDER review, BIDBUILDER alternatives
Shlomi Lavi / Mar 13, 2022
BIDBUILDER cost in 2023
BIDBUILDER Vs. alternatives (pricing)
Construction Estimating software pricing guide
BIDBUILDER pricing: How much does it cost in 2023?
The software price is not officially mentioned on the web. However, the pricing model is based on the licenses purchased by the users, indicating that you might need to pay higher at times due to more users and features.
BIDBUILDER vs. competitors (pricing)
BIDBUILDER is about the same cost as the industry average. When comparing to other top Construction Estimating vendors, on a scale between 1 to 10 (10 is the most expensive to implement), BIDBUILDER is rated 6. Read the article below in order to calculate the total cost of ownership (TCO), which includes: customization, data migration, training, hardware, maintenance, upgrades, and more.
Compare Construction Estimating Software Quotes
Data migration cost Relevant for BIDBUILDER
How many groups (different departments, usages, type of users) are needed for BIDBUILDER training? Training employees to use the new software can be a significant cost, especially if the software is complex or requires specialized knowledge. The average cost of training can range from a few hundred dollars to several thousand dollars per employee, depending on the complexity of the software and the duration of the training.
How much does BIDBUILDER cost per month?
Their pricing plan starts at $75 per month.
No, BIDBUILDER don't offer a free trial at this time. Free trials are great because your team can test the software (at least basic features of it) in your own time without the pressure of sales teams. We hope they will offer free trials in the future.
Can I use BIDBUILDER for free?
No, BIDBUILDER don't offer a free version of their product.
Construction Software Price Range
Most construction software in the market are priced on a per-user, per-month basis, although the terms are flexible, depending on the need of an organization. The price points for construction software can be divided into three tiers, and the price ranges for each respective tier are $0 to $20, $20 to $100, and $100 above. For instance, FINALCAD pricing starts from $55 per user monthly, EZOfficeInventory pricing from $35 per user monthly, and Adoddle costs about $25 per user monthly.
Meanwhile, some construction software are priced per year, while others have perpetual licenses that can be bought with a one-time fee. For example, ConstructionOnline is priced at $2,400 per year and Contactors Office cost price is around $700 per year.
In addition, construction software vendors adjust their prices to fit different business sizes, while others specifically serve some business sizes.
Small Businesses can expect to pay between $5 to $15 for a construction software product. This price range is for the entry-level offerings for small businesses as found on some vendors websites. For example, OpenProject BIM Edition pricing starts from around $5 per user monthly, Site Diary from $10 per user monthly, and PayPanter from $29 per month for two user accounts.
Medium Businesses can expect to pay prices that fall between $20 to $45 for a business software. The number of users on each given package can also influence the price of this software. For example, Praesto AE pricing starts from $35 per month, BrickControl from $29 per user monthly, and Pruvan cost price falls around $35 per month.
Large Businesses can expect to pay between $120 to $350 and $350 to $1,500 for a construction software per month, although many vendors do not disclose their pricing and would rather have an understanding of the need of a large organization to conclude on pricing. Sometimes, the offering for large businesses usually includes more than one user account. For example, ImproveIt 360 cost price starts from around $150 per month, Onware pricing sits around $500 per month and Aidi from $1,200 per month for unlimited users and projects.
Construction software best of breeds and their price ranges are as follows:
Construction CRM Software The pricing for most construction CRM software in the market are set on a per user, per month basis. The price ranges are between $12 and $50 upwards. For instance, Projul pricing starts from around $50 per month, JobNimbus from $25 per user monthly, and Project SaleArchiver from around $47 per month. These price ranges correlate mostly with the starting offerings from each vendor; thus, premium or enterprise plans with more features will cost more, depending on the number of users.
Architecture Software The price ranges for architecture software in the market usually fall between the range of $100 to $500, $500 to $2500, and $2,500 upwards and they are set on a per-user, per-month basis. For example, SketchUp pricing starts from around $300 per user yearly, Revit from $3,000 per user yearly, and nanoCAD costs about $150 per user, per year.
Construction Accounting Software Most construction accounting products have perpetual licenses that can be bought with one-time fees. However, there are others with monthly plans. The price ranges for perpetual licences are $3,000 to $6,000 and $6,000 to $35,000. For example, STRUCTURE costs around $17,000, Jonas Enterprise around $30,000, and Ventus cost price is up to $5,000. On the other hand, CoreCon, for example, is a construction accounting software which costs $60 per month.
Construction Estimating Software Construction companies can expect to pay within the price ranges of $80 to $180, $180 to $1,200, and $1,200 above for a construction estimating software. Most products are priced per year. For example, RsMeans Data Online pricing starts from $240 per year, ProEst from $5,000 per year, and Square Takeoff from $800 per user yearly.
Home Builder Software Most home builder products in the market are priced on a per user, per month basis. The price ranges are $25 to $60, $60 to $150, and $150 above per month. For example, Cedreo pricing starts from $79 per user monthly, Contactor Foreman from $50 per user monthly, and BuildTools from $200 per month for three user accounts.


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Extraterrestrial Impact Likely Source of Sudden Ice Age Extinctions
Filed under Astrobiology, Brown University, Earth, US
http://images.spaceref.com/news/impact.jpg
PROVIDENCE, R.I. [Brown University] — At the end of the Pleistocene era, wooly mammoths roamed North America along with a cast of fantastic creatures – giant sloths, saber-toothed cats, camels, lions, tapirs and the incredible teratorn, a condor with a 16-foot wingspan.
About 12,900 years ago, these megafauna disappeared from the fossil record, as did evidence of human remains. The cause of the mass extinction and the human migration is a mystery. Now a team of scientists, including Brown University planetary geologist Peter Schultz, provides evidence that an asteroid impact likely caused the sudden climate changes that killed off the mammoths and other majestic beasts of prehistory.
In the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the international team lays out its theory that the mass extinctions in North America were caused by one or more extraterrestrial objects – comets or meteorites – that exploded over the Earth or slammed into it, triggering catastrophic climate change.
The scientists believe that evidence for these extraterrestrial impacts is hidden in a dark layer of dirt sometimes called a black mat. Found in more than 50 sites around North America, this puzzling slice of geological history is a mere three centimeters deep and filled with carbon, which lends the layer its dark color. This black mat has been found in archaeological digs in Canada and California, Arizona and South Carolina – even in a research site in Belgium.
The formation of this layer dates back 12,900 years and coincides with the abrupt cooling of the Younger Dryas period, sometimes called the "Big Freeze." This coincidence intrigued the researchers, led by Richard Firestone of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, who thought that the black mat might be related to the mass extinctions.
So the researchers studied black mat sediment samples from 10 archaeological sites dating back to the Clovis people, the first human inhabitants of the New World. Researchers conducted geochemical analysis of the samples to determine their makeup and also ran carbon dating tests to determine the age of the samples.
Directly beneath the black mat, researchers found high concentrations of magnetic grains containing iridium, charcoal, soot, carbon spherules, glass-like carbon containing nanodiamonds and fullerenes packed with extraterrestrial helium – all of which are evidence for an extraterrestrial impact and the raging wildfires that might have followed.
Schultz, professor of geological sciences at Brown and an impact specialist, said the most provocative evidence for an extraterrestrial impact was the discovery of nanodiamonds, microscopic bits of diamond formed only from the kind of intense pressure you'd get from a comet or meteorite slamming into the Earth.
"We don't have a smoking gun for our theory, but we sure have a lot of shell casings," Schultz said. "Taken together, the markers found in the samples offer intriguing evidence that North America had a major impact event about 12,900 years ago."
Schultz admits that there is little decisive evidence about the actual details about the impact and its effects. Scientists suspect that a carbon-rich asteroid or comets were the culprits. The objects would have exploded over North America or slammed into it, or both, shattering and melting ice sheets, sparking extreme wildfires, and fueling hurricane-force winds – all of which could have contributed to changes in climate that led to the cooling of the Younger Dryas period.
"Our theory isn't a slam dunk," Schultz said. "We need to study a lot more sediments to get a lot more evidence. But what is sobering about this theory of ours is that this impact would be so recent. Not so long ago, something may have fallen from the sky and profoundly changed our climate and our culture."
The U.S. Department of Energy and the National Science Foundation funded the work.
Editors: Brown University has a fiber link television studio available for domestic and international live and taped interviews and maintains an ISDN line for radio interviews. For more information, call the Office of Media Relations at (401) 863-2476.


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Meera Industries IPO is engaged in the manufacturing of Yarn Twisting, Winding and Heat-Setting Machine for textile industries. The company caters to the domestic market as well as exports the products to continents like America, South America, Africa, Europe and Asia and major countries like Germany, Spain, Turkey, Thailand, Belgium, USA etc. The company is capable of manufacturing both standardized as well as customized products based on the customer's specific requirement. Its products are sold under the brand name "MEERA".
Meera Industries' manufacturing unit is located at Surat, Gujarat and is spread over an area admeasuring around 7,882 square meters (approximately). The unit is well equipped with wide range of machineries and other handling equipment to facilitate smooth manufacturing process using globally adopted manufacturing SAP-ERP tool. It has in-house testing laboratory to test the products as per quality standards.
Meera Industries IPO allotment status is now available on Karvy Computershare's website. Click on this link to get allotment status. You can also check allotment status using application number on this link.
Anyone knows the listing date information.
Does anyone has any idea about expected listing price for this?
I can apply normal ipo like non sme?
Decent IPO, am thinking of applying. Can someone help me where do I need to open share trading account to sell the SME shares? My broker Indiabulls doesn't allow trade in SME shares.


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Turkish media insufficiently cover Karabakh problem - Federation of Journalists
Turkey 3 October 2014 17:17 (UTC+04:00)
Baku, Azerbaijan, Oct.3
By Ilkin Izzet - Trend:
Turkish media insufficiently covers the problem of Nagorno-Karabakh, the president of the Turkish Federation of Journalists (TFJ) Atilla Sertel said Oct.3, speaking at the IV Baku International Humanitarian Forum.
He said that Turkey has carried out extensive work on the media coverage of the Karabakh conflict and Khojaly genocide, but at an insufficient level.
"Regarding the issue of Nagorno-Karabakh, the occupied territories are Azerbaijani lands. The solution of this problem must be found," said Sertel.
Despite the fact that some 22 years have passed since the events in Khojaly, this tragedy is not forgotten, he said.
The federation president also clarified the issue of Turkey's accession to the coalition against the "Islamic state."
"The issue of Turkey's participation in military operations outside the country is being discussed at the moment," he said. "And it worries us."
"Not all journalists of the world can freely express their thoughts," said Sertel. "As the president of TFJ, I declare that journalistic freedom means the freedom of the people. If journalists can not freely express their thoughts, then the people will not be free, either."
Atilla Sertel


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302 St. Alban's Drive
Salisbury, Maryland 21804
Episcopal Church FAQs
In Our Church
Service to the World
Our members and friends are active in helping the people of Salisbury and beyond.
A small yet dedicated group gathers in the church kitchen every first Wednesday to prepare a meal, then takes it to Joseph House and serves 75-100+ people a nutritious and filling lunch.
We also collect food and other staples on a regular basis, and serve Advent and Lenten soup lunches to collect funds to send the sisters.
Wicomico High School
St. Alban's participates in a Faith/School partnership with Wicomico High School through Salisbury's Promise. Salisbury's Promise embodies Five Promises to help youth become productive citizens: Caring Adults, Healthy Start and Future, Safe Places, Marketable Skills and Opportunities to Serve.
Collections of school supplies and backpacks, donations to help students with food, and coordination with the environmental studies program are ways in which we are helping each other and establishing relationships.
The congregation is invited to contribute to Episcopal Relief & Development, an organization that provides funding for relief and development world wide. ERD has provided significant support in the Caribbean and in the southern US following the hurricanes of 2017, and in the West following the wildfires that have ravaged many areas. Please go to their website to donate online.
Several parishioners volunteer with Habitat, an organization that builds and renovates houses to provide affordable housing for families in Salisbury. The latest build was dedicated on October 21, 2017.
Ben's Red Swings
The playground that was built by the community through the efforts of the Layton family requires routine maintenance. Volunteers from St. Alban's join that effort two to three times a year.
Copyright 2020 by St. Alban's Episcopal Church
Donated and Powered by Matice Interactive


High-capacity, touchless roll towels are specifically designed to be used with innovative, wall-mounted, Georgia Pacific enMotion touch-free dispensers to provide reliable towel dispensing at the wave of a hand. One-at-a-time, touch free dispensing reduces usage and minimizes the risk of cross-contamination. Each high-quality roll provides up to 800 hand dries for continuous service and reduced service visits. Choose these premium towels for dependable, cost-saving performance and customer satisfaction.


A new quest by a professional photographer and scientists has provided a deeper insight into why Whisky creates gorgeous patterns at the bottom of a glass after evaporation.
Washington: A new quest by a professional photographer and scientists has provided a deeper insight into why Whisky creates gorgeous patterns at the bottom of a glass after evaporation.
Professor Howard Stone and his Complex Fluids Group in Princeton University's Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering stated that it was plausible that these were deposits at contact lines or other deposits perhaps associated with flow, which was indeed what their research indicated.
The group focused on gaining a better understanding of the composition of whisky, identifying the possible suspended material, and doing controlled model experiments to understand possible shapes and forms of deposits during evaporation.
While the drying of single-component liquids that contain small volume fractions of solids is well studied and leads to the common " coffee ring effect," it's also well known that the evaporation of alcohol-water solutions leads to interesting fluid motions, such as wine "tears" in a glass of wine or other strong liquors.
To study the flow patterns and concentration in the solution, as well as the final dried deposits from suspended particles, Hyoungsoo Kim, a postdoctoral researcher within Stone's group, and colleagues used video microscopy of drying droplets of actual whisky and compared it to video microscopy of an alcohol-water solution representative of whisky (typical whiskies are 40 percent by volume ethanol and 60 percent by volume water).
They found that initially, the droplet of alcohol-water solution creates a complex mixing flow. Ethanol evaporates first, due to the lower vapor pressure compared to water and, once the ethanol vanishes, a radial pattern can be observed. Further, as the initial ethanol concentration increases, the mobility of the receding contact line is increased as well.
And, at high ethanol concentrations, the contact line recedes and draws groups of particles along with it that are then deposited in a ring-shaped pattern.
Artist Ernie Button suspected that the distinctiveness of the rings left by whisky might have something to do with the aging process and materials soaked up through the wooden casks in which it's stored, although he doesn't see any significant difference when photographing younger vs. "more aged" versions of the same type of whisky.
The work by Stone's group might have wider implications, because the ability to control the deposition of a thin film of particles has been highly desirable for many industrial applications.


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Teams Players Financials Draft Auction Transactions Power Rankings
News Waiver Wire Free Agency Rule Book FAQs Sleeper
Season-ending Roster cleanup
That's all she wrote! The 2022 season is in the books with Colombia eking out a 6-point victory over Ireland in the league's inaugural championship.
What's next? As the DFL enters its first official offseason, there are likely questions about next steps. The league is currently in its one-week "roster cleanup" period. Here's what you need to know.
Valid Season-ending Rosters
All DFL active rosters must abide by the following two criteria to close the season:
All Active Rosters must have exactly 20 players (no more, no less).
All Active Rosters must not exceed the league's $100 million salary cap.
Any player left on a team's Injured Reserve portion of their roster at the conclusion of the "roster cleanup" week will be cut loose and become a free agent, whether that player is still under contract or not. And a player who is under contract with a team who is not on that team's Active Roster at that point will cost the team a cap hit.
What do I do with my extra cash?
Teams that have cash remaining at the end of the season can use that to restructure contracts on their roster.
To restructure a contract, essentially what you are doing is "front-loading" a contract. What that means is you are taking salary from a future year of the contract and applying it to the current year.
For instance, let's say Team A has $3 million in cash remaining and they want to restructure Player X's contract. Player X has a contract of:
2022: $5.0
Team A can take $3 million of Player X's 2024 salary and apply it to 2022. Or, they could take $2 million from 2024 and $1 million from 2023 and apply it to 2022. Either of these two examples is a valid contract restructure:
Rules for a Contract Restructure
Restructuring a contract must abide by the following rules:
You must have cash available for taking on extra salary in the current year. Obviously, if you have no cash, you can't afford to pay that player extra money in the current year.
You must have cap space available for taking on extra salary in the current year. If your team salary is already at the $100 million salary cap, you cannot take on any more salary in the current year, thus, you cannot restructure any contracts.
Veteran contracts must always be even or front-loaded. (Veteran contracts are those signed during the Auction). What does this mean? It means each year of a player's contract must be of equal or lesser value than the previous year. That means you can't restructure Player X's salary from the above example to: $5.0 (2022), $8.0 (2023), $2.0 (2024) because his 2023 salary would be more than his 2022.
Rookie contracts (players who are selected in our league's Draft) are the only contracts that are "ascending" (meaning they go up in value each year). You can still restructure rookie contracts, but you must reduce the final year of that player's contract first until it equals the second-to-last year of his contract.
What's coming next?
Coming down the pike, we have a rules voting period in February. The commissioner will be soliciting feedback from owners about desired changes or clarifications to rules and will be formulating a ballot to be completed in February.
After rules voting in February, beginning March 1 teams can apply franchise tags to players on their own rosters whose contracts have expired. There are three types of franchise tags: Exclusive Franchise Tags, Non-exclusive Franchise Tags, and Transition Tags. Teams can apply one of each of these tags each offseason. You can read more about franchise tags in our rule book or FAQs page.
The new league year begins June 1. At this point, all players under contract for the upcoming season are fully paid their 2023 salaries. Meaning, any player cut after June 1 will already count against a team's cap for the 2023 season.