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A Topographical Dictionary of London — £ 5.99
The whole of London in 1831 - just before Railways transformed the layout of many areas and just before the first surviving census. 21 years after John Lockie's famous description, this is James Elmes' update.
A much bigger book than Lockie's, here is not just how to find every street and place in London, but also descriptions of all the institutions, organisations and buildings that existed, even the churches lost to the Great Fire of London and not re-built. With explanations of their function, history and officers. A fascinating collation of facts, historical asides and some biased aesthetic opinion.
This eBook version contains the entire text. Please read the notes and see the extract below.
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.mobi file ISBN 978-0-9927530-0-9
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This book is unlike most of my other eBooks. Normally I make them look as much like the actual book as possible, here I have done the opposite. The original has very small print in two columns per page. It uses contemporary conventions such as hyphenating every place name and many italics. I have turned it into text, expanded most abbreviations and reformatted any inconsistent presentation. It is now easy to read and can be searched. If you have London ancestors or are looking at the history of an area you can use it to find places that no longer exist.
This is a fascinating research tool and important historic document, not a work of art. Few will read it cover-to-cover, I may be the only person ever to do so, in the process noticing that Elmes manages to plug his other books at least 20 times. I also spotted this:-
In 1821 James Elmes was engaged by Thomas Hornor to design a Colosseum to house a huge painting of Hornor's 360 degree panorama of London, drawn from the dome of St. Paul's during the replacement of the ball and cross. At the last moment, Elmes was replaced by Decimus Burton. Although he professes admiration for both Hornor and Burton elsewhere, this book says "During the progress of the sketches, I was occasionally a witness to the precision with which the original projector of this immense picture, determined the situations of the various buildings on his paper, and of his extreme inaccuracy as to architectural details." (My italics.) There are two other instances in the book where it is possible that mischief by the proof-reader or type-setter has created insult out of praise.
Elmes was lucky to escape being associated with the fiasco that surrounded the Colosseum, which brought shame or financial ruin to most of the people involved.
Occasionally, he is quite forthright, or this could be yet more mischief:-
LONDON ITINERANT SOCIETY, FOR SPREADING THE GOSPEL WITHIN FIFTEEN MILES OF LONDON, is an association of, perhaps, well meaning zealots, for doing that irregularly, of which in these times, there is no need. It was founded in 1806. Mr. W. Broadfoot is Secretary.
The text below is identical to the eBook; however, depending on the typeface, etc., that you select it may not display here exactly as it will on your eReader. Also, pages turn as normal, rather than the scrolling effect seen here.
It contains a random selection of entries to demonstrate the detail and wide range of the book.
A Topographical Dictionary of London
ABBEY PLACE, Bethnal Green Road, is the continuation of Mary's Row, at the north east corner of Wilmot Square, about three quarters of a mile from Shoreditch.
ABBEY PLACE, Tavistock Mews, Russell Square, is the first turning on the left hand in Little Coram Street, at No. 53, Great Coram Street
ABBEY PLACE, South Street, Lambeth, is at the corner of No. 11, in that street, and is nearly opposite the Three Stags, in the Westminster Bridge Road.
ABBEY PLACE, NORTH, Bethnal Green Road, is at the north end of the first mentioned.
ABBEY PLACE, SOUTH, Bethnal Green Road, is at the south end of the above mentioned.
ABBEY ROW, Bethnal Green Road, is a turning out of the above mentioned Abbey Place.
ABBEY STREET, Bethnal Green Road, is the first turning on the right, at No. 92, about half a mile from Shoreditch.
ABBEY STREET, Bermondsey, is a turning at No. 126, Bermondsey Street, Tooley Street, Southwark.
ABBEY CHURCH OF St. PETER, WESTMINSTER. — [see Westminster Abbey]
ABCHURCH COURT, in Abchurch Yard, Lombard Street.
ABCHURCH LANE, Lombard Street, leads from 67, Cannon Street, to the side of the Phoenix Fire Office, in Lombard Street, and is named from the adjacent church of St. Mary, Abchurch.
ABCHURCH YARD, Lombard Street, is the open space at the south end of St. Mary, Abchurch, in Abchurch Lane, aforesaid, near Cannon Street.
ABDY STREET, Horselydown, is a turning at No. 6, Broad Street, and a continuation of the east end of Tooley Street, leading to John Street, Horselydown.
ABEL'S BUILDINGS, Rosemary Lane, also called White's Buildings, is a turning at No. 94, and leads to Chamber Street, Goodman's Fields, named after its first ground landlord.
ABINGDON BUILDINGS, Westminster, is a turning between Nos. 16 and 17, Abingdon Street, at the east end of Old Palace Yard.
ABINGDON PLACE, Westminster, is three doors on the left from Old Palace Yard.
ABINGDON PLACE, Goswell Street Road, is a turning on the east side of Abingdon Row, it the south end of Charles Street, Northampton Square, Goswell Street Road.
ABINGDON ROW, Goswell Street Road, as above.
ABINGDON STREET, Westminster, is at the end of Old Palace yard, parallel to the Thames, and leads to Millbank Street.
ABINGDON STREET, Bethnal Green Road, is near Belvedere Place.
ABINGDON STREET, LITTLE, Westminster, is a turning at No. 10, Abingdon Street, before mentioned, and leads to the Thames.
ABOUKIR PLACE, Stepney, is near Pleasant Place and Prospect Place, Stepney Green, Commercial Road.
ACADEMY COURT, Chancery Lane, is opposite Symond's Inn, and near Carey Street, Lincoln's Inn.
ACADEMY, ROYAL, OF ARTS. — [see Royal Academy of Arts]
ACADEMY, ROYAL, OF MUSIC. — [see Royal Academy of Music]
ACADEMY, PUBLIC, Homerton, is a public institution supported by a congregational fund for aiding dissenting ministers, and educating students for the ministry, at Homerton, near the church, Hackney.
ACCIDENTAL PLACE, Hackney Road, is a turning at No. 17, Bath Street, Cole Harbour Street, about three quarters of a mile on the left from Shoreditch Church.
ACCOUNTANT GENERAL'S OFFICE, Chancery Lane. — Attendance from 9 to 2, and from 4 to 7; and for the delivery of drafts, from 11 to 2.
ADAM A-DIGGING YARD, Great Peter Street, Westminster, is on the south side nearly opposite Little St. Anne's Lane.
ADAM AND EVE COURT, Oxford Street, is a turning on the north side, nearly opposite to the Pantheon, and leads into Castle Street, Oxford Market.
ADAM AND EVE COURT, Whitecross Street, St. Luke's turns off at No. 106, about the middle of the east side.
ADAM AND EVE COURT, Bishopsgate Street Without, is in Angel Alley, near Skinner Street, and received its name from the sign at its corner, before numbering was introduced by Act of Parliament.
ADAM AND EVE COURT, Duke's Place, Aldgate, is the first turning on the left in Mitre Court, Aldgate, and leads through New Court into Long Street and Bury Street, St. Mary Axe.
ADAMS' COURT, Broad Street, City, turns off on the right from Threadneedle Street at No. 12, Broad Street, nearly opposite to Throgmorton Street.
ADAMS' GARDENS or PLACE, Rotherhithe, is in Adams Street, extending from Adams Place to New Court, Rotherhithe.
ADAMS' MEWS, Upper Berkeley Street, Portman Square, leads from No. 44, Upper Berkeley Street, to Upper Seymour Street.
ADAMS' MEWS, South Audley Street, Grosvenor Square, leads from No. 36, South Audley Street, to Charles Street, Grosvenor Square.
ADAMS' PLACE, Southwark, is in High Street, turns off at No. 187, south of Union Street, and leads to Red Cross Street.
ADAMS' PLACE, Limehouse, is in Salmon's Lane, which leads from the north end of White Horse Street to the Commercial Road.
ADAMS' ROW, Hampstead Road, is the north side of the continuation of Tottenham Court Road, reaching from the north west corner of the New Road, where was formerly the Adam and Eve public house, represented in Hogarth's March to Finchley, to Henry Street, nearly opposite the New River Company's Reservoir.
ADAMS' ROW, Lambeth, is in Doughty Place, Doughty Street, between the Archbishop of Canterbury's Palace and Walcot Place, Westminster Bridge Road.
ADAMS' STREET, Portman Square, turns off on the east side of No. 7, Baker Street, and leads into Manchester Street.
ADAM'S STREET, WEST, Portman Square, is the last turning on the right at the corner of No. 31, Upper Seymour Street, and leads northward across Upper Berkeley Street and Upper George Street, to the south end of Seymour Place, Crawford Street.
ADAM STREET, Adelphi, named after Messrs. Adam, the fraternal architects, who embellished this part of the metropolis. It turns off at No. 72, on the south side of the Strand, about a quarter of a mile from Temple Bar, and leads on the fine terrace called the Adelphi.
ADAM STREET, Rotherhithe, is the second street southward parallel to the Thames, leading from No. 93, Neptune Street, on the west, to Swan Lane, on the east, near to the Thames Tunnel.
ADAM STREET, Kent Road, turns off at No 20, Harper Street, County Terrace, in the Kent Road.
ADELPHI, THE, is an assemblage of buildings, or rather a district of the metropolis, on the south side of the Strand, reaching east and west from Adam Street to Buckingham Street, bounded on the north by the Strand, and on the south by the Thames. This distinguished and beautiful portion of the metropolis was designed and executed by Messrs. John, Robert, James and William Adam, the well known architects, on the site of the ancient Durham Yard, then a district of mud and coal wharfs. On this low spot they erected a series of arches, terraces and subterranean streets and spread forth on their surface that variety of streets known by the name of "The Adelphi," as being the production of "the brothers." The various streets are designated after them, as that fine row of mansions which faces the Thames is called, by way of excellence, "the Adelphi Terrace;" and the other streets from their christian names, John Street, Robert Street, James Street and William Street, In this district is the mansion and repository of the Society for the Encouragement of Arts. [which see] Many splendid, family hotels and lodging houses, and beneath the streets, where carriages roll and pedestrians bend their careful way, is the largest assemblage of coal wharfs and warehouses on the banks of the Thames.
ADELPHI TERRACE, THE, is the before mentioned row of mansions facing the Thames, erected parallel to the Strand and the river by Messrs. Adam. The view from this terrace, beginning at Westminster Bridge on the west, crowned by the antique towers of the Abbey, and Waterloo Bridge on the east, beautifully surmounted by the majestic cupola and elegant turrets of St. Paul's, is almost unequalled for variety and architectural beauty. The central situation of this fine terrace, and its airy and healthy qualities, have always rendered it among the most desirable spots in the metropolis for a town residence.
ADELPHI THEATRE, THE, a small commodious theatre, which is opened under a licence from the Lord Chamberlain, for the performance of burlettas, ballets and pantomimes. It was originally opened by an ingenious and clever woman, a Miss Scott, who wrote, composed the music, and acted in her own pieces. It is now under the management of Messrs. Mathews and Yates, and is much patronized for the intellectuality of its dramatic pieces and the ability of its actors.
ADELPHI WHARFS, THE, the before mentioned wharfs stand under the Adelphi streets and terrace. The principal access to them is down Durham Street, at No. 65, in the Strand, under the mansion and repository of the Society of Arts.
ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OFFICE, for the dispatch of business belonging to that officer's department, is the first door on the left, going into the Park, under the archway of the building called the Horse Guards, at Whitehall It is under the management of Lieut. General Sir Herbert Taylor, G.H.C., Adjutant-general; Major-general McDonald, Deputy Adjutant-general, an assistant adjutant-general, a deputy assistant adjutant-general, a first clerk, four senior clerks, and eight junior clerks.
ADMIRALTY COLLEGE ADVOCATES' OFFICE, is in Paul's Bakehouse Court, Doctors' Commons, about six doors on the right, by the side of No. 15, on the south side of St. Paul's Churchyard, down Paul's Chain. The hours of Attendance are from nine till seven.
ADMIRALTY, THE HIGH COURT OF, this court of judicature is held in Doctors' Commons, at the second house on the left from No. 7, Great Knight Rider Street, in the street so named. It is held under the jurisdiction of the Lord High Admiral, or the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, who take cognisance of all causes and pleas, criminal and civil, which relate to merchants and mariners. Their proceedings are guided by the principles of the civil law; but in criminal cases, as the trial of pirates, and crimes committed on the high seas, and upon large rivers below the first bridge which crosses them, the process is then conducted under a special commission from the crown, by a judge, jury and witnesses. Such trials are generally held at the Sessions house, in the Old Bailey. This court was erected in the reign of Edward III., and was originally held in Southwark. The officers of this court are the judge of the admiralty, who must be civilian, two advocates general, a counsel, a solicitor, two proctors, a registrar, and a marshal, who carries a silver oar before the judge. The present officers of this court are; Judge of the court, Right Hon. Sir Charles Robinson, D.C.L.; King's Advocate Generate Sir Herbert Jenner, D.C.L.; Admiralty ditto, James Henry Arnold, D.C.L.; Counsel to the Admiralty and Navy, Henry J. Shepherd, Esq.; Solicitor to the Admiralty and Navy, Charles Jones, Esq.; King's Proctor, Iltid Nicholl, Esq.; Admiralty ditto, William Townsend, Esq.; Registrar, Lord Arden.
ALDERMANBURY, is the continuation northward of Milk Street, Cheapside, from the corners of Cateaton Street and Lad Lane. It takes its name from having been the site of the ancient Guildhall, where the Aldermen of London held their meeting. This ancient hall is supposed to have been built by Edward the Confessor, as it was known by its present name in 1189. Stow remembers its ruins, and says it was used in his days as a carpenters shop. It has no public buildings of consequence but its church. — [see St. Mary, Aldermanbury]
ALDERMANBURY POSTERN, is a continuation northward of Aldermanbury, extending from London Wall to Fore Street. It is so named as being on the site of the ancient postern gate through London Wall.
ALDERMAN PARSONS' STAIRS. A public landing place on the north bank of the Thames, at Shadwell, named after a former owner. It is also called Lady Parsons' Stairs.
ALIEN OFFICE, 18, Crown Street, Westminster, is a few doors on the right from King Street. Its chief clerk is William Hughes, Esq.
ALIENATION OFFICE, 2, King's Bench Walk, Inner Temple, is on the east side, a few yards on the left from the south end of Mitre Court. It is one of the offices under the Lord Chancellor, where all writs of covenants and entries upon which fines are levied and recoveries suffered, are taken to have fines for alienation set and paid. It is conducted by three commissioners — George Courthorpe, Esq., Sir R. Chester, and Charles Luxmore, Esq., a receiver general, a master in Chancery, and two clerks. It is open from 9 to 1, and from 3 to 5; except during the long vacation, when it is open only on Mondays and Wednesdays, from 11 to 12.
ALLHALLOWS, Barking, the Church of, is situated at the east end of Tower Street, and the corner of Seething Lane. It receives its name as having been dedicated to all the Saints, formerly called All Hallows, and from being before the Reformation a vicarage in the gift of the Abbess and Convent of Barking, in Essex. But on the dissolution of the monasteries the advowson was given to the Archbishop of Canterbury. It escaped the fire in 1666, and is of considerable extent, being one hundred and eighty feet long, sixty seven broad and thirty five high; it has a plain bell tower, with a well proportioned turret, about eighty feet in height from the ground. This church is of considerable antiquity, as appears from the circumstance of Richard the First having founded and endowed a chapel within its walls. Its present vicar is the Rev. S. J. Knight, who was instituted in 1783.
ALLHALLOWS, Bread Street, the Church of, is situated at the corner of Bread Street and Watling Street, and takes its name from the same dedication as the last, and its situation, which is near to the ancient Bread Market of the city. It was originally a rectory of very ancient foundation, under the patronage of the Prior and Canons of Christ Church, Canterbury, but since the reformation it was conveyed to the Archbishops of Canterbury, of which see, it is one of the thirteen peculiars within the city. The old church was destroyed by the great fire in 1666 and the present edifice was erected from the designs of Sir Christopher Wren, as a church for the united parishes of St. Allhallows, Bread Street, and St. John the Evangelist, the old church of which stood at the north east corner of Friday Street and Watling Street. The body of the church is plain, with dressings of the Tuscan order. It is seventy two feet in length, thirty five in breadth and thirty in height. It is an excellent specimen of the talents of Sir Christopher Wren in substantial and useful church building. Its present rector is the Rev. G. T. Andrewes, one of the six preachers at Canterbury, who was instituted in 1819.
ALLHALLOWS, THE GREAT, the Church of, is situated at the north east corner of Allhallows Lane, on the south side of Upper Thames Street, nearly opposite the lower end of Bush Lane, Cannon Street. It derives its name from its dedication to all the saints or hallows, and its epithets, to distinguish it from an adjoining church of the same name, which was called the less. It is also in ancient books called the more, or the greater, and, ad Fœnum, in the ropery, from its vicinity to some rope walks. This church was founded by the ancestors of the Despencer family, from whom it passed to the crown, till in 1546 Henry the Eighth gave it to Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury, in whose successors it has remained to the present day. It is a rectory, and one of the thirteen peculiars in London, belonging to the archiepiscopal see of Canterbury. After the fire of London, the parish of Allhallows the Less, originally called Allhallows, super cellarium, from being built on arched vaults or cellars, was united to Allhallows the Great, and the present church, built from the designs of Sir Christopher Wren, erected for the use of both parishes. Its present rector is the Rev. Wm. St. Andrew Vincent, a prebendary of Chichester, who was instituted in 1788.
ALMACK'S Assembly Rooms, so called after the original proprietor, and often called Willis's Rooms, after the name of the present proprietor, is an extensive building, where balls, concerts, public meetings &c. are held. It is situate on the south side of King Street, St. James's, about midway between St. James's Square and Street, opposite Duke Street. In these rooms, the meetings of the exclusive and fashionable assembly called Almacks, under the direction of a committee of ladies of the highest rank, are held; as also an ancient and fashionable society called the Caledonians, and other fashionable and respectable assemblies.
AMERICAN INDIAN CIVILIZATION SOCIETY, an institution established by the Society of Friends; was established in 1795, and has been carried on with their progressive assiduity and persevering steadiness, so as to have considerably influenced the northern tribes of American Indiana to adopt the arts of cultivation. Their meetings are held at Messrs. Darton's booksellers, in Gracechurch Street.
ANCHOR AND HOPE ALLEY, St. George's in the East, is the continuation of Red Lion Street from Wapping, a little below the church on the left, near the place formerly called Green Bank.
ANCHOR STREET, Shoreditch, or Bethnal Green, extends from the back of the Swan public house, in Shoreditch, to Club Row, and is continued by Slaughter or Sclater Street to about one sixth of the way up Brick Lane, from Church Street, Bethnal Green.
ANCHOR STREET, LITTLE, Bethnal Green, parallel to and between Anchor Street and Church Street.
ANCHOR STREET or LANE, Mile End, is on the west side of Charrington's brewery, about a quarter of a mile on the left hand side, eastward from the turnpike gate, opposite Stepney Green.
ANCHOR STREET, Stepney, is in Catherine Street, a new street in the East India Dock Road, nearly opposite Poplar Church.
St. ANDREW'S, Holborn, the Church of, stands at the north east corner of Holborn Hill and Shoe Lane, and is dedicated to St. Andrew the Apostle, who is distinguished in church history as the earliest of the apostles, and as having suffered martyrdom in Achaia. There was a church on this site as early as the year 1297, which escaped the fire of London in 1666, but ten years after, being found too ruinous for reparation, it was taken down, except the tower, in 1686, and the present church erected in its place by Sir Christopher Wren. It is one of the finest and most appropriate Protestant churches in Europe. Its exterior is plain, simple and unpretending; consisting of a basement under the galleries, with low windows which light the aisles, and an upper story of semicircular headed windows for the galleries and nave; crowned by a well proportioned cornice, blocking course and balustrade. The tower, which is the ancient one, newly faced with Portland stone ashlering in 1704, is square, and has no pretensions either to beauty or to taste; the interior is spacious, rich and beautiful, consisting of a nave and two aisles, divided in height into a ground story and galleries. It is one hundred and five feet long, sixty three feet broad and forty three feet high. — The living is a rectory worth above £600 a year. The patronage was originally in the gift of the Dean and Canons of St. Paul's, who transferred it to the Abbot and Convent of Bermondsey, who continued to be its patrons till their dissolution by Henry VIII., when that monarch granted it to Thomas, Lord Wriothesley, afterwards Earl of Southampton, from whom it descended, by marriage, to the late Duke of Montague. It is now in the patronage of the Duke of Buccleugh, and its present rector is the Rev. Gilbert Beresford, who was instituted in 1819.
ANTI SLAVERY SOCIETY, THE, is held at No. 18, Aldermanbury, and is, as its name imports, a society for the abolition of slavery. It was established in 1823, and is managed under the patronage of H.R.H. the Duke of Gloucester, Wm. Smith, Esq., M.P., Chairman; Samuel Hoare, Esq., Treasurer; Thomas Pringle, Esq., Secretary; Mr. Thomas A. Hart, Clerk; and Wm. Eddrup, of No. 51, Houndsditch, Collector; of either of whom further particulars may be had.
ASYLUM FOR THE RECOVERY OF HEALTH, is an institution founded in 1820, for the reception of persons in narrow but not indigent circumstances, who, by paying a small weekly sum, are provided with accommodations superior to those which they can obtain either at their own houses, or at public hospitals. This institution was originally held at a house on the south side of the New Road, at the north west corner of Gower Street, but it is now conducted in more extensive premises. No. 12, Lisson Grove, Mary-le-bone.
ATHENÆUM CLUB, THE, Pall Mall, is held at their mansion, No. 12, the north east corner of Pall Mall, and of the new opening opposite Waterloo Place. It is a spacious and elegant building, designed and executed by Decimus Burton, Esq. This club was instituted for the association of individuals known for their scientific or literary attainments, artists of eminence, and noblemen and gentlemen, patrons of science, literature, or the fine arts. It is governed by a Committee of Management, among whom are the Earls of Brownlow and Shaftesbury, the Bishops of Winchester and Landaff, Lord Bexley, Colonel Fitzclarence, Francis L. Chantrey, Esq., R.A., Sir George Staunton, and sixteen others of its members. Edward Magrath, Esq., is the Secretary,
ATKIN'S GARDENS, Bethnal Green Road, is on the north side of Thorold Square, about half a mile on the left from No, 65, Shoreditch.
ATLAS FIRE AND LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY. The office of this Association is at No. 92, the corner of King Street, in Cheapside, and has a handsome elevation of the Grecian Doric order, designed by Thomas Hopper, Esq., Architect, and the first Surveyor to the Company, It was Instituted in 1808, and empowered by Act of Parliament of the 54th Geo. III. It is under the superintendance of thirteen directors, of whom Sir Christopher Baynes, Bart., is President; Sir Thomas Turton, Chairman; J. D. Hume, Esq., Deputy Chairman; Henry Desborough, Secretary; and Thomas Lloyd, Esq., Surveyor.
AVERY FARM ROW, Pimlico, extends from Ebury Place, Kemp's Row, facing Ranelagh Walk to Belgrave Square, and is about two thirds of a mile from Buckingham Gate.
AVERY GREEN, Chelsea, is in Queen Street, which runs from Ranelagh Walk towards the Hospital.
AVERY ROW, Grosvenor Square or May Fair, extends from No. 3, Grosvenor Street to No. 30, Brook Street, the first west from and nearly parallel to New Bond Street.
AXE COURT, Hackney Road, is about a quarter of a mile on the left hand from Shoreditch Church, at the back of the Axe public house, and opposite the sign of the Green Gate.
BETHLEM HOSPITAL, Lambeth. This royal hospital for lunatics, is one of the five royal hospitals mentioned in the account of St. Bartholomew. It is situated in St. George's Fields, Lambeth, on a spot formerly celebrated as the Dog and Duck Tea Gardens, whence it was removed from Moorfields about fourteen years ago, having in ancient times stood on the spot now called Old Bethlem, in Bishopsgate Street.
The original building was formerly a priory founded in the year 1247, by Simon Fitzroy, of London, or, according to Stow, Simon FitzMary, Sheriff of London in the year 1247, the thirty first year of Henry III., on the east side of the Moor, near Finsbury, from which it was divided by a large and deep ditch. This priory he endowed by deed of gift, with lands not far from it, on which the street now called Old Bethlem stands. A copy of this deed may be found in the second volume of Maitland's History of London, page 796. He received from Edward III., in the fourteenth year of his reign, the grant of his licence, and protection for the brethren "Militia beatæ Maria de Bethlem", within the City of London. They were of the order of Bethlehem, or the Star, and were distinguished by a star upon their mantles. They were subject to the visitation of the Bishop of Bethlehem, who was to be entertained with his suite whenever he came to London. It does not appear whether the society was ever very numerous, but Camden says, in his third volume (Gough's Edition), page 22, that in the year 1403, it was reduced to the master only.
At the suppression of monasteries by Henry VIII., Sir John Gresham, Lord Mayor of London, petitioned for it with success; for in 1547 the King granted its lands and revenues to the corporation of London, for the reception and maintenance of lunatics. In 1549 he followed it up by granting letters patent to John Whitehead, proctor of the hospital, to solicit and receive donations within the counties of Lincoln and Cambridge, the city of London and the Isle of Ely; and at a Court of aldermen in the reign of Edward VI. it was ordered, that the precinct of Bethlem should be thenceforth united to the parish of St. Botolph Without Bishopsgate.
The number of its unfortunate patients having increased, and the ancient buildings of the priory having become much dilapidated, it was found necessary to remove it to a more spacious site, and to enlarge Its accommodations. This necessary work was begun in April 1644, and the corporation of London allotted a large piece of ground on the south side of Moorfields, on the north side of London Wall, for this purpose. The building was began and completed by voluntary contributions in 1676, at an expense of £17,000. The design is said to have been copied from the palace of the Tuilleries at Paris, and that Louis XIV. was so much offended by it, that he ordered a copy of our King's palace of St. James's to be taken for offices of a very humble kind. In 1708 Queen Anne granted the corporation a license to purchase and hold in fee, or for lives, or years, or otherwise, in trust for this hospital, any lands, &c. to the value of £2,000. a year. The increase of application, as there was no limitation, from all parts of the Kingdom, rendered a further enlargement necessary, therefore in 1733 two wings were added, which enabled the governors to maintain one hundred incurable patients. When these buildings were finished, the length of the hospital was 540 feet, and its breadth 40 feet.
This hospital being united by the charter of Edward VI. to that of Bridewell, as mentioned in the account of St. Bartholomew's Hospital, it is conducted by the same governors, being members of the corporation, and others who become so by benefactions, as will be more particularly stated in the account of Bridewell, which see. The management is confided to a committee of forty two governors, seven of whom, with the treasurer, physician, and other officers, attend every Saturday in monthly rotation for the admission of patients and other business of the hospital; and these meetings are open for the attendance of any other governor.
By the agreement and act of parliament of 1782, alluded to in the account of St. Bartholomew's Hospital, the style of this hospital was settled to be "The Mayor, Commonalty and Citizens of London, as Masters, Guardians and Governors of the House and Hospital called Bethlem, situate without and near to Bishopsgate, of the said City of London." This style is of course altered, so far as concerns its situation.
The antiquity and consequent decay of the old building in Moorfields, rendered an expensive repair, or total re-building necessary. The corporation, after due deliberation, finally determined to build a new hospital in a more proper situation; and as the leases of the Bridge House estates in St. George's Fields and Lambeth Marsh fell in at Lady Day 1810, the governors agreed with the Bridge House committee a ground plot of nearly twelve acres, fronting the High Road leading from Newington to Westminster Bridge, on part of which were the house and gardens of the notoriously infamous Dog and Duck. On a portion of this ground they have erected the new hospital, from the designs and under the superintendence of the late Mr. Lewis, their architect. Of these twelve acres, eight are occupied by the hospital, its airing grounds and kitchen garden. The other four are turned to profit other ways, as the act of parliament restrains the governors to the use of eight.
This new building is of great extent and magnificence, and much more like a palace than that which is said to have excited the jealousy of Louis le Grand. It was begun in 1812, and the patients removed into it and the old hospital pulled down in 1814. The new hospital is really a magnificent structure, consisting of a centre and two wings extending along tile principal front to the length of 580 feet. The centre, which projects from the main body, has a hexastyle portico of the Ionic order, which supports a handsome pediment. The wings also project, and are in harmonious accordance with the rest of the design, and the centre is decorated by an attic surmounted by a cupola. In the great hall under the portico are preserved the two celebrated statues of raving and melancholy madness, by Caius Cibber, that were formerly on the gate piers of the late hospital in Moorfields. The buildings and inclosures are said to have cost nearly £100,000, and are capable of accommodating some hundreds of patients. Its annual income is about £18,000. For further accounts of this useful institution, forms of petition for admission, &c., the reader is referred to Highmore's Pietas Londinensis, a work often quoted in the present, and to Bowen's Historical Account of Bethlem Hospital.
The present officers of the united royal hospitals of Bethlem and Bridewell are Sir Richard Carr Glyn, Bart., Alderman, President of both; Richard Clark, Esq., Chamberlain of the City, Treasurer; the Rev. Henry Budd, M.A., Chaplain; Sir G. L. Tuthill, M.D. and Edward T. Monro, M.D., Physicians; William Lawrence, Esq., Surgeon; John Poynder, Esq., Clerk and Solicitor; Mr. Thomas Hudson, Receiver; Edward Wright, M.D., Apothecary and Superintendent of Bethlem; N. Nicholls, Steward to Bethlem; Elizabeth Forbes, Matron to Bethlem; Edward Osborne, Superintendent to Bethlem; Mary Bolland, Matron to Bridewell. The present governors, from the Court of Common Council, are, Mr. Samuel Dixon, for the ward of Tower; Thomas Farrance, Esq. Deputy, for Castle Baynard; Mr. Robert Elliot, for Langbourn; Mr. John Dyster, for Lime Street; Mr. William Peppercorne, for Broad Street; John Hamman, Esq. Deputy, for Cordwainers; Mr. John Platt, for Candlewick; Samuel Weddell, Esq. Deputy, for Aldgate; William Kerl, Esq. Deputy; for Cripplegate Within; Adam Oldham, Esq. Deputy, for Farringdon Within; Mr. Robert Obbard, for Farringdon Without; and Mr. Thomas Jarvis, for Queenhithe.
BETHLEM, OLD, Bishopsgate Street Without, is the street mentioned in the last article as having been the original site of the ancient Priory and Hospital of Bethlem. Its name is now abandoned and changed into that of Liverpool Street, which see.
BETHLEM YARD, Liverpool Street, Bishopsgate Without, is a turning at the upper end of Baker's Buildings, from No. 19, Liverpool Street.
BETHNAL GREEN, is a village, or large green, situated about a mile to the eastward of Shoreditch, and about half a mile northward of the Turnpike at Mile End, up the Cambridge New Road, formerly called the Dog Row. Bethnal Green was formerly one of the hamlets of the large parish of Stepney, from which it was separated by act of parliament of the 13th George II. The old Roman way from London led through the hamlet, where joining the military way from the west, it passed with it to Lea Ferry, at Old Ford. In this place, Bonner, the infamous Bishop of London, had his palace, and a row of houses, altered from it, is still called Bonner's Hall. The Corporation of the Trinity House have an extensive hospital for decayed seamen in the parish. — [see Trinity Hospital]
The Church built according to the provisions of that act, stands on the east side of Church Row, which extends north and south from Bethnal Green Road to Hare Street, Spitalfields, and another church built very recently by Mr. Soane, is at the south end of the green, in front of the Cambridge New Road, opposite the Dog Row. — [see St. Matthew, Bethnal Green]
The ancient mansion at the south east corner of the green, called Bethnal Green House, and used as an asylum for insane persons, is traditionally reported to have been the residence of the Blind Beggar and his Daughter, whose histories are so pathetically described in the old English ballad so named, and preserved in Bishop Percy's Reliques of Ancient English Poetry. It was however built in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, by a citizen of London, named Kirby, and is called in the writings belonging to it, Kirby Castle.
BETHNAL GREEN ROAD, is the east continuation of Church Street, going from No. 65, Shoreditch; it commences at the turnpike, and extends to the green, about half a mile in length.
BIRD'S BUILDINGS. — 1. is in Bennet's Row, St. George's Fields, about twelve houses on the south side near the east end, and on the right from Blackfriars' Road. — 2. is in High Street, Borough, at No. 172, leading to Red Cross Street by the Mint. — 3. is in Hoxton Old Town. — 4. is in Lower Street, Islington, near the green. — 5. is in Hoxton Town, about a furlong on the right from Old Street Road.
BISHOP'S COURT. — 1. is in Chancery Lane, and turns off at No. 78. It leads into Star Court and Carey Street. — 2. is in Aylesbury Street, Clerkenwell, the first turning on the left from No. 1, St. John's Street — 3. is in Old Street, St. Luke's, and is near the middle of the south side between Bunhill Row and Whitecross Street. — 4. is in Coleman Street, the second turning on the right hand, a few yards from London Wall. — 5. is in the Old Bailey, the second turning on the right from Snow Hill opposite Newgate. It leads Into Sea Coal Lane and Farringdon Street — 6. is in King's Head Court, Long Alley, Moorfields, the first turning on the right in it from Long Alley, and a few doors south from Skinner Street, Bishopsgate Without.
BLACK BOY ALLEY or LANE. — 1. is at No. 206, High Street, Poplar, about half a mile on the left from the Commercial Road, opposite the Harrow public house; it leads to England Row and Meeting House Place. — 2. is in Blackman Street, Southwark. — 3. is in Fore Street, Lambeth, near the church. — 4. is in Lower West Street, formerly Chick Lane, Smithfield, the last turning on the right before coming to Field Lane.
BLACK BULL ALLEY, Whitechapel, is about a furlong on the right up Middlesex Street, formerly Petticoat Lane, from No. 41, Aldgate High Street; or from Whitechapel about ten houses south from Wentworth Street, and leads into Goulston Street.
BLACKBURN MEWS, Grosvenor Square, are at No. 53, Upper Brook Street, the first turning on the left from Grosvenor Square.
BLACK COAT ALMS HOUSES, Little Chapel Street, Westminster, also called Farmer's Alms Houses, after the name of the founder, adjoins the western side of St. Margaret's burial ground, about a quarter of a mile from Buckingham Gate.
BLACKFRIARS BRIDGE, unites the two shores of the City of London in Middlesex, and in Surrey, from the south end of New Bridge Street, at Chatham Place, to a corresponding square on the Surrey side, called Albion Place. — [see those two places] The first proposition for building a bridge over this part of the Thames, was made in the Court of Common Council in the year 1753, when there were only two bridges over the Thames in the metropolis; namely, those called Westminster and London.
The corporation therefore procured an act of parliament in 1756, by which they were empowered to build this bridge, and to perform all other necessary acts for its accomplishment. They proposed a competition, and selected the design of Robert Mylne, Esq., a young architect, who was then pursuing his studies in Rome.
This bridge is erected on piles, the first of which was driven under one of the centre piers, on the 7th of June 1760, by the Lord Mayor, Sir Thomas Chitty, who deposited, as is usual on such occasions, a series of coins and a plate, on which was engraved a Latin inscription commemorative of the circumstances and of the public virtues of William Pitt, the first Earl of Chatham, after whom the bridge was named Pitt Bridge, and the quadrangle at its northern foot, Chatham Place. This inscription called forth a critical squib entitled "City Latin; or Critical and Political Remarks on the Latin Inscription on laying the First Stone of the intended New Bridge, at Blackfriars" which went through several editions. It was answered by "Plain English, in answer to City Latin, &c., by a Deputy." Both the pamphlets are in the library of the Corporation at Guildhall.
Blackfriars' Bridge was opened to the public in 1770, with a series of tolls, but the toll houses were burnt by the rioters in 1780. It consists of nine elliptical arches, the piers of which are decorated by Ionic columns, of various heights, and the upper part by a cornice and balustrade. The bridge is in a very dilapidated state, and must shortly undergo a very expensive repair. The custody of the bridge is at present in the committee for general purposes, under whom James Montague, Esq. is the Surveyor. For further information on this subject, the reader is referred to Britton and Pugin's Public Buildings of the Metropolis, my work of London in the 19th century, the various modern histories of London, &c.
D'ACRE'S ALMS HOUSES, Westminster. — [see Emanuel's Hospital]
D'ACRE STREET, Westminster, is about the middle of the west side of New Tothill Street, and leads into Great Chapel Street.
DAFFEY'S RENTS, Southwark, are the continuation of Glean Alley from Tooley Street.
DAGGER COURT, Cripplegate, is in Fore Street, and nearly opposite the north termination of Wood Street, Cheapside.
DAGGETT'S COURT, Finsbury, is at the north east corner, between Long Alley and Eldon Street, by Broad Street Buildings.
DAKER'S RENTS, Cripplegate, are in Whitecross Street, named after the late Mr. Deputy Daker, who built them.
DALBY TERRACE, City Road, is about a furlong from Islington, near the New River, and extends down the City Road. They are named after their first proprietor, Mr. Dalby, the inventor of the present ingenious engine for drawing beer.
DALGLEISH STREET, Commercial Road, leads from that road into Salmon Lane.
DANGLE LANE, Poplar High Street, is about a furlong on the right hand from the Commercial Road, it leads to the West India Docks.
DANISH CHURCH, Wellclose Square, is the building which occupies the centre of the square. It was erected in 1746, and is a commodious and handsome structure appropriated to the use of the Danes who reside in this neighbourhood.
DARBY STREET, Rosemary Lane, is about the sixth of a mile on the right hand from the Minories.
DARKHOUSE LANE, Lower Thames Street, is on the west side of Billingsgate Market, about sixteen houses on the right from London Bridge.
DARK ENTRY. — 1. is the second turning on the left from Aldgate. — 2. is in Lower East Smithfield, facing Butcher Row.
DARLING PLACE, Mile End, is in the New Cambridge Road, formerly the Dog Row, the third turning on the left hand from Whitechapel Turnpike.
DARLING ROW, Mile End, is the continuation of the preceding into Lisbon Street.
DARNAL'S ROW, Bermondsey, is the first turning on the left in Willow Walk, going from Page's Walk.
DARTMOUTH ROW, Westminster, is the first turning on the right hand in Dartmouth Street, going from Tothill Street, near Great George Street.
DARTMOUTH STREET, Westminster, is the first tuning on the right hand in Tothill Street from the Abbey.
DART'S ALLEY, Whitechapel, is the fourth turning on the left hand from the church.
DAVID STREET, Mary-le-bone, is the first turning on the left hand in York Place, Baker Street, going from the New Road.
DAVIES COURT, Bunhill Row, is in Chequer Square.
DAVIES MEWS, Berkeley Square, is the second turning on the left hand in Davies Street from Oxford Street.
DAVIES STREET, Berkeley Square, is at the north west corner, and extends into Oxford Street.
DAWS COURT, Shoe Lane, is about seven houses on the left hand in Gunpowder Alley, going from Shoe Lane.
DEACON COURT, Spitalfields, is the second turning on the left hand in Quaker Street, going from Wheeler Street.
DEADMAN'S PLACE, Southwark, is the second turning on the left hand in Park Street, going from the Borough Market.
DEAF AND DUMB CHILDREN OF THE POOR, ASYLUM FOR. — [see Asylum for Deaf and Dumb]
DEAL'S COURT, Spitalfields, is the first turning on the left hand in Flower and Dean Street, going from Brick Lane near Whitechapel Church.
DEAN'S BUILDINGS, Limehouse, is about a quarter of a mile on the left hand in the Commercial Road below the church.
DEAN'S BUILDINGS, Walworth, is the first turning on the left hand in Flint Street, Lock's Fields, or Walworth New Town, going from Apollo Buildings, East Street.
DEAN'S COURT. — 1. is in New Round Court, Strand, the first turning on the right hand, a few yards from the Strand. — 2. is in the Old Bailey, about the middle of the west side. — 3. is in St. Paul's Churchyard, the first turning on the right hand from Ludgate Street, and leads by the Deanery, whence it derives its name, into Doctors' Commons. — 4. is in the Kingsland Road, the second turning on the left hand, about a furlong from Shoreditch Church.
DEAN AND CHAPTER OF WESTMINSTER OFFICE, is in Bennett's Hill, Doctors' Commons.
DEAN AND CHAPTER OF St. PAUL'S REGISTER OFFICE, is in Carter Lane, hours from 9 to 8.
DEAN'S PLACE, Westminster Bridge Road forms part of the south side on the right going from the Asylum, opposite Tower Street.
DEAN STREET, Westminster, is the first turning on the left hand going from the Abbey; it leads from Tothill Street to Great Smith Street.
DEAN STREET, Soho, is situated on the west side of Soho Square, and extends from King Street to Oxford Street.
DEAN STREET, LITTLE, Soho, is four houses northward of Compton Street, and leads into Milk Alley and Wardour Street.
DEAN STREET, South Audley Street, Grosvenor Square, extends from Hill Street, Berkeley Square, into Park Lane.
DEAN STREET, Fetter Lane, is about the middle of the east side, and extends into New Street.
DEAN STREET, High Holborn, is about half a mile on the left hand from Farringdon Street.
DEAN STREET, Finsbury Square, is at the south east corner, and extends into Wilson Street, opposite Crown Street.
DEAN STREET, Shadwell, is the first street parallel to the High Street,
DEAN STREET, Southwark, is about a furlong on the right hand in Tooley Street, going from London Bridge; it leads into Canterbury Square.
DEAN'S YARD. — 1. is in Westminster, at the south west corner of the Abbey, and leads to Tothill Street. — 2. LITTLE, is the part of the last which communicates with College Street. — 3. is In Dean Street, South Audley Street, about seven houses on the left towards Park Lane. — 4. is in Old Bond Street, about a quarter of a mile on the right from Oxford Street.
DEACON'S COURT or BUILDINGS, Bermondsey, is two houses on the left hand in White's Ground, going from Crucifix Lane.
DEBTOR'S PRISON, Whitecross street. — [see; Whitecross Street Prison, and for the others, see Surrey County Gaol, King's Bench, Marshalsea, &c.]
DELAHOY STREET, Westminster, is the first turning on the right hand in Great George Street, going from King Street towards the Park.
DELAP COURT, Westminster, is in the Broadway, two houses eastward of Queen Street, near the west end of Tothill Street.
DELEGATES, COURT OF. Their office is in College Square, Doctors' Commons. This is the highest court for civil affairs, belonging to the church, to which appeals are carried from the spiritual courts, instead of to Rome, as was the case before the reformation. Lord Hardwick has, however, decided that ecclesiastical laws do not, proprio vigour, bind the laity, as may be seen in the Appendix to my treatise on the Law of Ecclesiastic Dilapidations, page xii. — [see Doctors' Commons, Arches, Court of]
DENHAM COURT, Drury Lane, is the first turning on the left hand from the new Church of St. Mary-le-Strand.
DENHAM COURT, Strand, is the last turning on the left hand in Burleigh Street.
DENHAM COURT, St. Giles's, is three houses on the right hand in Denmark Street, from High Street, Bloomsbury.
DENMARK STREET, St. Giles's is the first turning on the right hand going from Oxford Street towards Holborn.
DENMARK STREET, LITTLE, St. Giles's, is the first turning on the left hand in Denmark Street, from High Street, Bloomsbury.
DENMARK STREET, Ratcliffe Highway, is the first street parallel westward to Cannon Street.
DENNIS COURT, Strand, is the first turning on the left in Marigold Court, going from the Strand.
DENNIS or DENNETS COURT, Southwark. — [see Tennis Court]
DENNIS ROW, Somers Town, is the first turning on the left hand in Welsted Street, going from the New Road towards Chapel Path.
DENTON'S BUILDINGS, Somers Town, is in Chapel Path, and between Brill Row and Middlesex Street.
DENGELL STREET, Drury Lane, is the continuation of White Horse Yard, Stanhope Street, Drury Lane.
DERBY COURT, Piccadilly, turns off at No. 208, near St. James's Church.
DERBY STREET, May Fair, is three houses in Curzon Street, eastward of South Audley Street.
DERBY STREET, Westminster, is the second turning on the left hand in Parliament Street, going from the Horse Guards towards Westminster Bridge.
DEVEREUX COURT, Strand, is the third turning on the left from Temple Bar, going towards Charing Cross, and derives its name from the noble family of Devereux, whose mansion stood on its site.
DEVONSHIRE BUILDINGS, Finsbury, is the fourth turning on the left hand in Worship Street, going from Shoreditch.
DEVONSHIRE COURT, Southwark, is the first turning on the left hand in Sutton Street, Maze, going from New Street.
DEVONSHIRE HOUSE, Piccadilly, is near the middle of the north side of that street, and reaches from the corner of Stratton Street to that of Berkeley Street, and its gardens extend northward to those of Lansdowne House, Berkeley Square. It is built on the site of an ancient mansion of the Berkeley family, from designs by Kent, and is said to have cost £20,000. exclusive of £1,000. presented to the architect, by the third Duke of Devonshire. It is a well proportioned, noble looking house of brick, behind a spacious courtyard and wings. In this splendid mansion the present duke gave many grand entertainments to the Emperor of Russia, the King of Prussia, and the great military personages that were over in this country a few years since. His grace has also given other equally grand parties to the fashionable world, in the succeeding seasons. The old house, according to Pennant, was frequented by Waller, Denham and most of the poets and wits of the days of Charles II.
VACCINATION HOSPITAL FOR CASUAL SMALL POX, Pancras Road, Gray's Inn Lane 1746. — [see Battle Bridge]
VAIN STREET, Tooley Street, it the first turning on the left hand side of Tooley Street.
VALENTINE PLACE, Blackfriars' Road, forms part of the west side of the road opposite Bennet's Row.
VALENTINE ROW, Blackfriars' Road, is at the south end of the preceding, and leads to Webber Street.
VALENTINE ROW, Bermondsey, is in Long Lane, near Pump Court.
VALIANT SOLDIER'S ALLEY, Bermondsey Street, is on the left hand side going from Tooley Street.
VAUXHALL, is a hamlet in the parish of Lambeth, at the west end of Upper Kennington Lane, by the turnpike. It is celebrated for its gardens, where concerts, and other amusements, suppers, &c. are given in the open air.
VAUXHALL BRIDGE, crosses the Thames, a little to the westward of Vauxhall Gardens, to a newly formed road, from the Thames to Pimlico. It was originally designed by Mr. Dodd, and the first act of parliament was obtained in 1809. The bridge was began by Mr. Rennie, and the first stone was laid by Lord Dundas, as proxy for H.R.H. the Prince Regent, on the 9th of May, 1811. This was intended to have been entirely of stone, with nine arches, but the directors finding the expense to exceed their means, applied for another act in 1812, empowering them to use iron or any other material.
The works were then commenced under the directions of James Walker, Esq., F.S.A., and the first stone was laid by the late Duke of Brunswick, on the 21st of Aug. 1813, and on the 4th of June, 1816, it was opened to the public.
The width of the river at this Bridge is 900 feet, and the bridge consists of nine arches, of 78 feet span, and eight piers, each of which is 13 feet wide. The length of the bridge, clear of the abutments, is 806 feet, and the height of the centre arch is 27 feet above high water. A well engraved view of this bridge, from a drawing by Mr. T. H. Shepherd, is given in my work of London in the Nineteenth Century.
VAUXHALL PLACE, South Lambeth is the first row on the left hand side going from the turnpike.
VAUXHALL ROW, Vauxhall is the continuation of Princes Street, Lambeth.
VAUXHALL SQUARE, Vauxhall, is about a furlong on the left hand side, going from Vauxhall Turnpike.
VAUXHALL TERRACE, Vauxhall, is part of the west side of Vauxhall Walk.
VAUXHALL WALK, Lambeth, is nearly opposite Lambeth Walk.
St. VEDAST, FOSTER, the Church of, is situated on the east side of Foster Lane, Cheapside, It is dedicated to St. Vedast, Bishop of Arras, and is mentioned as early as 1308. The patronage was anciently in the Prior and Convent of Canterbury, till 1352, when it was transferred to the Archbishop of that see, in whom it has remained ever since. The old church was destroyed by the great fire of 1666, and the present edifice erected in 1697, by Sir Christopher Wren, when the parish of St. Michael-le-Quern [see that church] was united to it by act of parliament.
The patronage of the latter is in the Dean and Chapter of St. Paul's, who present alternately with the Archbishop. It is one of the peculiars of the Archbishop, and is therefore in the province of Canterbury, and exempt from archidiaconal visitations. The present rector is the Rev. J. T. Walmsley, D.D., Rector of Hanwell, who was instituted by the Archbishop in 1815.
VERE STREET, Oxford Street, is opposite New Bond Street.
VERE STREET, Clare Market, is the second turning on the right hand side of the Market.
VERNON'S BUILDINGS, St. Pancras, are near the north east corner of the Small Pox Hospital.
VERNON PLACE, Bloomsbury, is at the north east corner of the square.
VERULAM BUILDINGS, Gray's Inn Lane are opposite Portpool Lane.
VETERINARY COLLEGE, THE, ROYAL, is a large handsome building, at Camden Town, St. Pancras, established in 1791, for studying the Diseases of Horses and other Cattle. Its principal officers are, E. Coleman, Esq., Professor; W. J. T. Merton, Dispenser.
VICAR GENERAL'S AND REGISTER OF THE PECULIARS OF THE DEANERIES OF THE ARCHES, LONDON, SHOREHAM AND CROYDON, THE OFFICE OF, is in Doctors' Commons, the first house on the left hand side of Bell Yard, going from Great Carter Lane. The hours of attendance are from 9 to 8, and it is under the government of James Henry Arnold, D.C.L., Vicar General; the Right Hon. Sir John Nicholl, M.P., Dean of the Peculiars; John Moore, Esq., Registrar; Charles Bedford, Deputy; George Marshall, Apparitor General of the Province of Canterbury.
VICE CHANCELLOR'S COURT, THE, is in Lincoln's Inn Old Square, the Rt. Hon. Sir Launcelot Shadwell, Vice Chancellor,
VICTUALLING OFFICE, THE, is in Somerset Place, and is under the management of commissioners, clerks and officers. The principal of which are, the Hon. G. A. C. Stapylton, Chairman; Capt. Isaac Wolley, R.N., Deputy; and four other Commissioners; M. W. Clifden, Esq., Secretary.
There are also departments at Deptford, of which Captain John Hill, R.N., is Commissioner; Portsmouth, Captain Henry Garrett, K.C.B., R.N., Resident Commissioner; Plymouth, Captain Sir James A. Gordon, R.N., Resident Commissioner; and various agent victuallers abroad.
VICTUALLING OFFICE ROW, Deptford, is about the third of a mile on the left hand side above the Commercial Dock.
VIGO LANE, Regent Street, is the first turning on the left hand from Piccadilly.
VILLIER'S COURT, Piccadilly, is a turning on the south side that leads into St. James's Street.
VILLIER'S STREET, Strand, is the fourth street on the right hand side, going from Charing Cross.
VINCENT'S COURT, Falcon Square, is two houses in Silver Street, from Wood Street.
VINCENT ROW, City Road, is a part of the left hand side.
VINCENT SQUARE, Westminster, is a new Square, named after Dr. Vincent, a late Dean of Westminster, and Master of Westminster School, in Regent Street, Vauxhall Bridge Road, near the play ground of the Westminster schoolboys.
VINCENT STREET, Bethnal Green, is behind Shoreditch Church.
VINCENT STREET, Westminster, is in the Vauxhall Bridge Road, near Vincent Square.
VINE COURT. — 1. is in Golden Lane, Barbican. — 2. is in Vineyard Gardens, Clerkenwell. — 3. is in Moor Lane, Finsbury. — 4. is in Vine Street, Spitalfields. — 5. is in Vine Street, Minories. — 6. is in Broad Street, Ratcliffe. — 7. is in Whitechapel Road. — 8. is in Vine Street, Lambeth. — 9. is in Blackman Street, Southwark. — 10. is in Tooley Street, Southwark.
VINE PASSAGE, Ratcliffe, is about the middle of the north side of Broad Street.
VINE PLACE, Spitalfields, is in Vine Street, near Little Pearl Street.
VINE STREET. — 1. is in Westminster. — 2. is in Regent Street. — 3. is in Piccadilly. — 4. is in Chandos Street, Covent Garden. — 5. is in Broad Street, Bloomsbury. — 6. is in Leather Lane, Holborn. — 7. is in Hatton Wall. — 8. is in Lamb Street, Spitalfields. — 9. is in Phoenix Street, Spitalfields. — 10. is in the Minories. — 11. is in Narrow Wall, Lambeth.
VINE YARD. — 1. is in Drury Lane. — 2. is in Tooley Street.
VINE YARD GARDENS, Clerkenwell, is the second turning on the left hand side of Bowling Green Lane, going from opposite the workhouse in Coppice Row.
VINE YARD WALK, Clerkenwell, is about ten houses on the left hand side of Coppice Row.
VINEGAR LANE, St. George's in the East, leads from Sun Tavern Fields to White Horse Place, Commercial Road.
VINEGAR YARD. — 1. is in Red Lion Street, Clerkenwell. — 2. is in Darby Street, Rosemary Lane. — 3. is in Cannon Street, Mint. — 4. is in Bermondsey Street. — 5. is in Broad Street, Bloomsbury.
VINTNERS' ALMS HOUSES, Mile End Road, are opposite Mutton Lane, and were erected after the fire of London, in lieu of those which were then destroyed in Upper Thames Street, near Garlick Hill. They were originally founded by Guy Shuldham in 1446, but have been much added to by the company.
VINTNERS' HALL, Upper Thames Street, is on the south side of that street, near Queen Street Place and the Southwark Bridge, on the site of an ancient mansion of Sir John Stody, Lord Mayor in 1357, who gave it to the company. It was then called the Manor of the Vintry; but being destroyed by the great fire of 1666, the present hall was rebuilt by Sir Christopher Wren. In the court room are whole length portraits of Charles II., James II. and his Queen, George Prince of Denmark and Sir Thomas Rawlinson, Lord Mayor in 1706, and a painting, by Vandyke, of St. Martin, (the tutelary saint of the company) dividing his cloak with the beggar.
The Vintner's is the eleventh of the twelve principal livery companies of the city, and was called "The Merchant Wine-tunners of Gascoign," and was composed of the Vintinarii, who were the importers and the Tabernarii, who were the retailers of wine. They were incorporated in 1437 by letters patent of Henry VI., by the name of "The Master, Wardens and Freemen, and Commonalty of the Mystery of Vintners of the City of London." A coat of arms was granted them in 1442, by Clarencieux King at Arms. The freemen, or free Vintners, as they are called, of this Company have the privilege of retailing wine without a license.
The company has large possessions, and are trustees for many charities, the details of which are fully detailed in the published Reports of the Parliamentary Commissioners on the Endowed Charities of the City of London.
VINTRY, THE WARD OF, derives its name from a district called the Vintry, a part of the north bank of the Thames, where Vintner's hall and Queen Street Place are now built. It was situated at the south end of Three Cranes' Lane, so called, from the cranes with which the wine was landed, and was such a magnificent building that Henry Picard, who was Lord Mayor in 1356, entertained therein the Kings of England, Scotland, France, and Cyprus, with a sumptuous feast in 1363.
Vintry Ward is bounded on the north by Cordwainers' Ward; on the east by those of Walbrook and Dowgate; on the south by the river Thames, and on the west by Queenhithe Ward. Its principal Streets, are part of Upper Thames Street, College Hill, College Street, Great and Little, part of Queen Street, Great and Little St. Thomas Apostle, and Garlick Hill; and the most remarkable buildings are the parish churches of St. Michael Royal, and St. Martin Vintry, and St. James, Garlickhithe; and the hall of the Vintners, Cutlers, and Plumbers. — [see those several places and buildings]
It is divided into nine municipal precincts, and is governed by an alderman; (Henry Winchester, Esq., M.P.) a deputy, and eight other common councilmen, and the other usual ward officers.
VIRGINIA STREET, Upper East Smithfield, is in Parson's Street, near Ratcliffe Highway.
VIRGINIA STREET, Bethnal Green, is the continuation of Castle Street, behind Shoreditch Church.
VOTE OFFICE, THE, OF THE HOUSE OF COMMONS, is in Palace Yard, Westminster.
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Marley Binder is an earlier career researcher who completed her PhD in Feb 2017. Marley has been employed as a research assistant with the Rural Community School since December 2016.
Marley is an early career researcher and has published in a number of peer-reviewed journals. Marley's previous track record was in lab based projects before joining RCCS with her thesis entitled " Characterization of ADAMTS-15: a potential tumour suppressor gene in prostate cancer." Marley has recently has been a part of a team with a successful Western Alliance grant application led by Andrea Hernan.
Let's have a yarn about chronic disease: A collaborative, multidisciplinary, participatory action research approach to addressing Aboriginal health in south-western Victoria. Hannah Beks, Kerry Hudson, Vincent Versace, John Bell, Josh Hayward, Candice McKenzie, Louis Delaney, Annie Henry, Tamika Amos, Barbara Allen, Marley Binder, Constance Kourbelis, Joleen Ryan, Ashleigh Rodger, Steve Allender, Douglas Creighton, Michael Johnstone, Barry Morphett, Peter Harvey, Robyn Clark, $78,804, Western Alliance.
Binder MJ, McCoombe S, Williams ED, McCulloch DR, Alister Ward, The extracellular matrix in cancer progression: Role of hyalectan proteoglycans and ADAMTS enzymes, Cancer Lett. 2017. 28;385:55-64.
Beattie J, Binder M, Harrison C, Miller GC, Pedler D, Lifestyle risk factors and corresponding levels of clinical advice and counselling in general practice. Aust Fam Physician. 2017.46(10):751-755.
Ajji PK, Binder MJ, Walder K, Puri M, Balsamin induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells via DNA fragmentation and cell cycle arrest, Mol Cell Biochem, 2017.
Brunet FG, Fraser FW, Binder MJ, Smith AD, Kintakas C, Dancevic CM, Ward AC, McCulloch DR, The evolutionary conservation of the A Disintegrin-like and Metalloproteinase domain with Thrombospondin-1 motif metzincins across vertebrate species and their expression in Teleost Zebrafish, BMC Evol Biol, 2015, 15;15:22.


text:
Actor/Model/Influencer
Lolo Spencer
Lolo, is a disability lifestyle influencer, actress, model, public speaker, and content creator with
her own YouTube channel titled "Sitting Pretty." "Sitting Pretty" is a series she created to
showcase her life as a woman in a wheelchair. Her vlogs discuss a range of topics from
disability fashion tutorials, everyday challenges dealing with society, dating, and her new
diagnosis journey.
She stars as Tracy Holmes in the film Give Me Liberty, which showed at 2109 Sundance Film
Festival and at Cannes Film Festival 2019 in the Director's Fortnight category. She has been
featured in popular media outlets like HuffPost, Buzzfeed, All Def Digital and more has modeled
in multiple campaigns for Tommy Hilfiger Adaptive. She's given speeches and been a panelist
at the YouTube Accessibility Summit, Los Angeles Abilities Expo, and VidCon, the largest
YouTube conference.
Her ultimate goal is to give the world an honest perspective of life as a disabled person and
dispel myths and stereotypes of how disability lifestyle is perceived and experienced. All the
while, inspiring fellow disabled people that they too, can live a fearless and free life.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Lincoln Furniture - for the 20th Century Art Deco Doll House
by George Mundorf and Patty Cooper
This article is about our wood furniture of choice. It is lighter than air: an Art Deco confection that could have been made for Nick and Nora Charles and their New York City 1930's penthouse!
J. L. Wright, Inc. was established in Chicago by John L. Wright, son of famed architect Frank Lloyd Wright. The company's most famous product was Lincoln Logs, but for a short time, about 1936-1937, they also made dollhouse furniture.
The furniture is made from painted wood and steel wire (and, surprisingly, thumb tacks and staples!) in the Moderne style that was current in the late 1930s. This furniture, unmarked, is difficult to find and its rarity may be explained by the short time of its production and the extreme modernity of its style. Little girls were probably put off by the fact that it was so very different from the furniture they were accustomed to seeing in their own environment. While we find this furniture exciting and evocative, they probably saw it as strange.
A Butler Brothers catalog from 1936 lists four rooms: an 8-piece living room, 10-piece dining room, 6-piece kitchen, and 9-piece bedroom. In addition, a 1936 ad from Child Life magazine mentions a "sun room" with an unknown number of pieces (although we think there are six). We have been unable to find an actual boxed set. No bathroom was made.
Lincoln living room. Photo © Patty Cooper
The living room (shown in the Butler Brothers catalog) includes a green couch, green chair and ottoman, black console radio, green table (also found in red), and a cream grand piano with bench. There is some uncertainty about the piano bench as those that have been found with the piano do not exactly match the cantilevered leg style shown in the ads. There is also a floor lamp that is quite unusual: tall, delicate and exuberant. The gold shade resembles a rather large flower that sits atop a wire which forms a swirling circular pattern at its base.
Lincoln living room. Photo © George Mundorf
Detail of Lincoln console radio. Photo © George Mundorf
The bedroom is in pink and light blue or the more dramatic red and black. The chair and two beds are usually light blue, while the vanity and stool, night stand, and chest of drawers are in pink. A chest of drawers is known in cream. The set includes both a floor lamp (the same as the living room lamp) and a table lamp. Small and compact, it looks more like a half of a blue wood ball held by a wire which forms a small circle at its base.
Lincoln bedroom set. Photo © Patty Cooper
The dramatic black and red set has a deep red bed with all the other pieces in black. (The chair could be red or black). We have seen an exciting variation of the chest of drawers with a triptych mirror. This has been found in black and pink. A vanity, stool and night stand have been found in green.
Lincoln bedroom set. Photo © George Mundorf
The dining room, as shown in Child Life magazine, would look quite at home in a high-profile corporate boardroom. It has a long table surrounded by six chairs (their incised lines suggest a leather look) on wire bases, an over-sized buffet, and a small server. The whole set has been found in red, while chairs are also known in black and green. The dining table is black and wide enough for the six chairs to slide beneath. A narrower table in red has also been found and we have included it in the dining room, but, in truth, we are not sure where it belongs. There is a floor lamp shown as being part of this grouping and it is identical to the one in the bedroom.
Lincoln dining room. Photo © George Mundorf
Lincoln dining room pieces. Photo © Patty Cooper
Although the kitchen is not shown in any known source, we know that it includes a stove (red or cream), sink (green and black or green and cream), refrigerator (green or cream), and a table with two bench seats in green. Note that the stove (again on a wire base) has a wire piece coming up over the back of the range. This wire is supposed to hold a small horizontal piece of rubberized sponge which represents a stove light. Delicate to the extreme, this piece is usually missing (as it is in the photo.)
Lincoln kitchen. Photo © Patty Cooper
Lincoln stove. Photo © George Mundorf
From the box top of the one boxed set we've seen, we have surmised that the "Sun Room" contains a black desk and red armless chair, an armed chair with stool in green, and a night table in black with a green table lamp (which we've never seen).
Sun room set. Photo © George Mundorf
In addition, an ironer has been found in black and cream. This might logically be found in a kitchen, but would be the seventh piece in a set which the Butler Brothers catalogs lists as having only six. Once again, we can speculate that perhaps some pieces were sold separately or that other sets with different pieces were also sold.
Kitchen with ironer on left. Photo © George Mundorf
With only 1 boxed set to give us clues as to what comprises a room (we've only seen two boxed sets on eBay in 10 years), we can only guess as to what was originally included. New pieces and color variations are bound to be discovered. Neither the ironer nor the desk are mentioned in the literature and only a few examples of those pieces have been found. The lamps are also quite difficult to find intact. Our knowledge of Lincoln furniture is a work in progress and we look forward to finding out more about this elusive set.
Patty - Gardenmont@aol.com
George – gbmundorf@aol.com,
[A special thank you to Don and JoAn Belanger, Barb Woods, Becky Norris, Dian Zillner and Geraldine Scott. A version of this article was first published in Dollhouse Toys n' US (www.dollhousetoysnus.org)]


CYO/Camp Howard would like to thank the members of the 2017 work party for the incredible job you did on 21 buildings after camp this year! That is a record accomplishment! All of the cabins in Fircrest and Greenwood Units, the Main Showerhouse, Camp Store, Camp Office, St. Martha and St. Mary and the Property Directors House!
Anna McLean, Anna O'Boyle, Emma Wycoff, Paige Ally, Latice Brown, John Lance, Anthony Ciota, Silas Warner, Gabe Klinger, Emily Cochran, Leila Blakely and Shawna King, were the summer staff "after camp" helpers! Camp Director, Nora Gravengaard, Leila Blakely, Shawna King and Karen von Borstel came together to finish up after the smoke from the fires ended the work parties this year. Special thanks to them as well!
You can all be proud of the work you did to help sustain the life of these buildings as they are all 1953 era "original" buildings and you helped breath new life into them! they look "GREAT!" Thank you for staying on to do this work. We are all grateful to you!
Below: 1 of 12 similar cabins from Greenwood and Fircrest Units.


Now's your chance to share your hard-earned wisdom and fabulous family stories with parents everywhere. Could you appear in an upcoming issue? Check out the items below, and click on the links to respond.
Do you have a funny story to share about surviving the nesting phase of pregnancy? Whether you color-coded your baby's closet or knocked down entire walls to get your house just perfect before you gave birth -- we want to know about it! Send your story to taryn.jedlicka@meredith.comand you may be in an upcoming issue of Parents Magazine.
How did you deal with Bedrest? If your doctor prescribed bedrest during your pregnancy, we want to know how you passed the time? What did you do to stay busy and entertain yourself during those weeks or months? Share your story with us by emailing janna.oberdorf@meredith.com. Don't forget to include your name and hometown!
What are Your Toddler Mysteries?
Your toddler drops his sippy cup from the high chair and you have to pick it up, only to have him drop it again. This cycle continues on and off for the next ten minutes. What gives? Between the ages of 12 and 24 months, kids do lots of things that leave parents scratching their heads. We want to know what your toddler does that baffles you. Share your story with us by emailing keidam@parentsmagazine.com. Don't forget to include your name and hometown.
Hey parents: Do you own the new 2008 Chevy Malibu? If so, we'd love to hear what you think (and you might even be in the magazine). If you're interested, please email Rachel.morris@meredith.com, and include your email address and phone.
Does your child have a mood disorder? If you have a child age 10 or younger who has a mood disorder (bipolar disorder, depression, or oppositional defiant disorder), we'd like to talk to you for an article. Your child's name, age, city/state, and possibly a photo, may be included. Please email jmoninger@insightbb.com for further information.
Hey Dads: What's your most challenging child caregiving task? Is there something you really find difficult or annoying -- changing dirty diapers, shopping for your baby, or feeding her baby food? Send your responses to david.sparrow@meredith.com. Be sure to include your email address, phone number, and your city and state. Moms are welcome to respond for your husbands (but please clear it with him first).
Did you circumcise your son? Or did you and your spouse decide against it? I'm writing a story for Parents magazine about this topic and want to talk with readers who just had a baby boy (or are pregnant now) about the decision they made. If you'd like to share your take on the topic, please e-mail me at heathergwalsh@yahoo.com. Thanks!
Do you have a babysitter horror story? We want to hear about the worst experience you had with a babysitter you hired, whether it was embarrassing, scary, crazy, or completely infuriating. Please e-mail your story to rebecca.felsenthal@meredith.com along with your name, hometown, and daytime phone number. Please write Babysitter in the subject line.
Hey Dad, what's your favorite baby gear? Beyond the basics (baby carriers, playards, pacifiers), we want to hear about the surprising stuff that's proved really useful, time-saving or just plain cool -- whether it's part of your everyday routine or in an occasional pinch. The more specific, the better! Don't forget to include your name, phone number, hometown, and specific product brand name -- as well as WHY it's been so helpful to you and your family. Mom, feel free to pass this along to your partner!
What's the most awesome fundraiser you've ever thrown? We're looking for fun, original, and successful fundraiser ideas, whether you raised money for your kids' school, a friend who's ill, a town project, or whatever. Please e-mail a brief description along with photos of the event (if you have them) to rebecca.felsenthal@meredith.com. Please include your name, hometown, and phone number.
How do YOU save on healthcare? Okay, savvy P.com moms, we want to hear the ways you save money on your family's healthcare costs. Obviously you never want to compromise quality medical care (ever!) but healthcare can cost a lot! Are there any smart solutions you've come up with to help save? We're looking for any ideas or tricks you use (like buying generic prescriptions when available, for instance). Got a tip? E-mail Amanda.Wolfe@meredith.com. Make sure to include your name and city/state so we can publish your brilliant idea!
Your Baby's Lovey: Does your 1-year-old have a strange or unusual lovey (comfort object), like a hat or Dad's undershirt? Please send a brief description to jmoninger@insightbb.com. Be sure to include your child's first name and age (we're looking for 1-year-olds exclusively), your full name, city/state, and phone number (for fact-checking purposes only). Please write Lovey in the subject line.
Has your child experienced an accident or unfortunate incident that has taught you an important safety lesson? If so, please e-mail your story to ihtm@parentsmagazine.com. Make sure to include your full name, city, state, and a daytime phone number.
Chances are if it worked for you it will work for other parents too! Send us your favorite parenting tips along with a photo of your child and you could be in Parents. If we choose your tip to be published, we'll pay $25. Please include your address and daytime phone number. E-mail iwfm@parentsmagazine.com.
Can I Leave My Kid With a Bad Babyproofer?
Enough With the Creepy Clowns!
Yes, I'm That Mom. The Sugar Freak.
Is This Generation of Parents Less Connected Than Ever?


Implementation of Log that maps directly to a Logger for log4J version 1.2.
Initial configuration of the corresponding Logger instances should be done in the usual manner, as outlined in the Log4J documentation.
class Logger takes Priority parameters not Level parameters.
Log4J1.3 is expected to change Level so it no longer extends Priority, which is a non-binary-compatible change. The class generated by compiling this code against log4j 1.2 will therefore not run against log4j 1.3.
For use with a log4j factory.
Logs a message with org.apache.log4j.Priority.DEBUG.
Logs a message with org.apache.log4j.Priority.ERROR.
Logs a message with org.apache.log4j.Priority.FATAL.
Logs a message with org.apache.log4j.Priority.INFO.
Check whether the Log4j Logger used is enabled for DEBUG priority.
Check whether the Log4j Logger used is enabled for ERROR priority.
Check whether the Log4j Logger used is enabled for FATAL priority.
Check whether the Log4j Logger used is enabled for INFO priority.
Check whether the Log4j Logger used is enabled for TRACE priority.
Check whether the Log4j Logger used is enabled for WARN priority.
Logs a message with org.apache.log4j.Priority.TRACE.
Logs a message with org.apache.log4j.Priority.WARN.
Logs a message with org.apache.log4j.Priority.TRACE. When using a log4j version that does not support the TRACE level, the message will be logged at the DEBUG level.
Check whether the Log4j Logger used is enabled for TRACE priority. When using a log4j version that does not support the TRACE level, this call will report whether DEBUG is enabled or not.


Museum of Kharkiv School of Photography is going to Kyiv Photo Book festival on February 9. The main part of the event is the photobook fair, where, along with other publishers, MOKSOP will feature four book – "Kochetov" by Victor and Sergey Kochetovs, «Chronicle» by Sergiy Lebedynskyy and Vladyslav Krasnoshchok, "М" and "Stereo_typ" by Misha Pedan.
We are waiting for you, come by and say hi!


text:
<?php

namespace AppBundle\Controller;

use Sensio\Bundle\FrameworkExtraBundle\Configuration\Route;
use Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\Controller;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request;

class DefaultController extends Controller
{
    /**
     * @Route("/", name="homepage")
     */
    public function indexAction(Request $request)
    {
        // replace this example code with whatever you need
        return $this->render('default/index.html.twig', [
            'base_dir' => realpath($this->getParameter('kernel.root_dir').'/..').DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR,
        ]);
    }

    /**
     * @Route("/main-twitter", name="main_twitter")
     */
    public function mainTwitterAction(Request $request)
    {

           /* $manager = new MongoDB\Driver\Manager("mongodb://localhost:27017");
            $db = $m->selectDB('twitterdb');
            $collection = new MongoCollection($db, 'twitter_search');

            var_dump($collection);
            die();*/

            $worldPlayer = file_get_contents($this->getParameter('kernel.root_dir')."/world_player.json");
        // replace this example code with whatever you need
        return $this->render('default/main_twitter.html.twig', [
            'base_dir' => realpath($this->getParameter('kernel.root_dir').'/..').DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR,
            'worldPlayer' => $worldPlayer
        ]);
    }

    /**
     * @Route("/benzema-hours", name="benzema")
     */
    public function benzemaAction(Request $request)
    {

        $datajsons = file_get_contents($this->container->getParameter('kernel.root_dir') . '/../web/json/benzema_hours.json');
        $tab = json_decode($datajsons, true);

        $totals = "";
        $labels = "";
        foreach ($tab as $oneTab => $value) {

            foreach ($value as $key => $val) {
                if ($key == "total") {
                    $totals = $totals.$val.',';
                }
                else
                {
                    foreach ($value as $oneVal) {
                        if (is_array($oneVal)) {
                           $labels = $labels.$oneVal["day"].'/'.$oneVal["month"].'/'.$oneVal["year"]." ".$oneVal["hour"].'h00,';
                           // $labels = $labels.$oneVal["day"].'/'.$oneVal["month"].'/'.$oneVal["year"].' '.$oneVal["hour"].'h00,';
                        }
                    }

                }
            }
        }
        $totals = substr($totals, 0, -1);
        $labels = substr($labels, 0, -1);

        return $this->render('default/benzema_hours.html.twig', [
            'base_dir' => realpath($this->getParameter('kernel.root_dir').'/..').DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR,
            'datajsons' => $datajsons,
            'totals' => $totals,
            'labels' => $labels
        ]);
    }

    private function callApi() {

    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Reyna Pannell is a classically trained violinist and vocalist. She currently studies music at Virginia Commonwealth University, where she received the 4-Year Nettie Gordon Scholarship. She did not come from a musical background, but her family both appreciated and supported the arts.
Reyna began taking violin lessons at the age of five, where she was taught using the Suzuki Method. She continued her violin studies throughout Elementary and Middle School and went on to attend Baltimore School for the Arts in 2008. There, Reyna studied theory, music history, and ensembles – including choirs. During her time there, she participated in three of the annual Side-by-Sides with the Baltimore Symphony Orchestra. Reyna was also an assistant teacher at the time in an Inner City Program at Baltimore School for the Arts called T.W.I.G.S. where she gained experience with teaching beginner piano classes, music literature, ensembles, and private lessons.
Since February 2015 Reyna has been teaching private lessons professionally, with teaching styles varying from classical to jazz to R&B to pop/rock music. She performs jazz, rock, contemporary, and pop around the Maryland, D.C and Virginia Area.
Reyna believes that every student has a vision and a goal. She wants to help them achieve it using technique and theory, but keep the students' interest by customizing each lesson for each individual student.


I am available on a short term contract basis to assist lawyers and firms with document review, trial preparation, appearing as agent, and assisting as second chair for court appearances.
I have appeared at all levels of court, either as junior or lead counsel, including the Ontario Superior Court of Justice, the Quebec and Ontario Courts of Appeal, the Federal Court, and the Supreme Court of Canada.
I am fully insured through LawPro and at full fee status with the Law Society of Upper Canada.


text:
Traditional Britain Group London Launch
Saturday, 14th December 2013 1:30pm
Get Events By Email
Help Organise Events
The Traditional Britain Group is pleased to announce the formation of a London chapter and its provisional launch on the 14th of December.
The launch will take place in central London - all are welcome to join from 1:30pm for a relaxed afternoon social and lunch. We hope this will be the start of a regular monthly social and organisational meeting.
Please get in touch for more details on info@traditionalbritain.org.


text:
Magnus brings in 'hired gun' Spencer Pumpelly for Mid-Ohio
By Tony DiZinnoJul 24, 2017, 8:02 PM EDT
Photo: Magnus Racing
With Mansfield, Ohio the home of the prison in The Shawshank Redemption in the Ohio State Reformatory (also known as the Mansfield Reformatory) and with Magnus Racing PR ace and "Dinner with Racers" co-creator Sean Heckman one of two who've coined the inside joke that Spencer Pumpelly allegedly tried to kill a guy, it was only natural that Pumpelly will play the role of Magnus Racing's "hired gun" near the prison at the Mid-Ohio Sports Car Course for Pirelli World Challenge competition this weekend.
The joke stems from the first season of "DWR" and was a running joke throughout the season. The "hired gun" play-on-words riffs on the fact Pumpelly will be substituting for Pierre Kaffer in the team's No. 4 Audi R8 LMS this weekend, with Kaffer on duty at the Total 24 Hours of Spa-Francorchamps for Audi Sport.
Pumpelly has raced alongside Kaffer and Dane Cameron in PWC SprintX competition this season – Pumpelly and Cameron actually won the second race of the weekend at Lime Rock Park – and now the veteran sports car driver and Atlanta native will make his first PWC Sprint starts of the year, and first since his similar fill-in role with Heckman's "DWR" co-creator, Ryan Eversley, at RealTime Racing last year… which also started at Mid-Ohio.
"It's great to have Spencer back in the team," stated Magnus Racing team owner and driver John Potter, who is in the team's No. 44 Audi in GTA. "Spencer has always fit right in with us, but driving the team to our first series victory of course sealed a very special place for his legacy with us. We're hoping Mid-Ohio suits both Spencer and the No. 4, and hopefully we can repeat the same feat."
"It's great to return to the team," stated Pumpelly. "Obviously our last race together went extraordinarily well, and we're hoping that same momentum can continue in to Mid Ohio. It's always tough to say what to expect, especially in these very frantic sprint races, but we're optimistic that the circuit should suit us. The entire team at Magnus has done a great job putting this effort together, and we look forward to pushing for additional results."
Follow @TonyDiZinno


text:
<?php

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$txt['tr_rating'] = 'Themenbewertung:';
$txt['tr_top_stat'] = 'Beliebtheitsstatistik';
$txt['tr_top_topics'] = 'Die meistbewerteten Themen';
$txt['tr_top_desc'] = 'Hier kannst Du die am meisten bewerteten Themen (basierend nach Bewertung und insgesamt angegebener Bewertungen) sehen. Die Ansicht dieser Tabelle ist variabel sortierbar.';
$txt['tr_top_empty'] = 'nicht bewertet.';
$txt['tr_rate_pl'] = 'Bewerte dieses Thema: ';
$txt['tr_currently'] = 'Aktuell: ';
$txt['tr_average'] = 'Durchschnittsbewertung';
$txt['tr_rates'] = 'Furchtbar|Schlecht|So-so|Gut|Super';
$txt['tr_error'] = 'Du kannst Deine eigene Themen nicht bewerten!';
$txt['tr_votes'] = 'Bewertungen (Gesamt): ';
$txt['tr_desc'] = 'Diese Modifikation ermöglicht das Bewerten von Themen in Deinem Forum.';
$txt['tr_settings'] = 'Themenbewertung für ausgewählte Boards';
$txt['tr_ignore_boards'] = 'Deaktiviere die Themenbewertung für diese Boards';
$txt['tr_ignore_boards_desc'] = 'Angabe der IDs der Boards (durch ein Komma getrennt)';
$txt['tr_mini_rating'] = 'Zeige Minibewertung im Boardindex';
$txt['tr_count_topics'] = 'Anzahl der Themen in der Statistik';
$txt['groups_rate_topics'] = 'Wer darf die Themen bewerten?';
$txt['tr_regular_members'] = 'Mitglieder';
$txt['permissionname_rate_topics'] = $txt['group_perms_name_rate_topics'] = 'Themen bewerten';
$txt['permissionhelp_rate_topics'] = 'Mitglieder können alle Themen (außer eigene) in ausgewählten Boards bewerten.';
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text:
Australia Avenue Developments Pty Ltd as trustee for the SOP Site 3 Partner Trust v Chief Commissioner of State Revenue [2018] NSWCATAD 144
Date of judgement 11 July 2018
Proceeding number RL Hamilton SC, Senior Member
Judge(s) NSW Civil and Administrative Tribunal
Court or Tribunal 2018/00285405
Conveyancing Act 1919
Interpretation Act 1987
Real Property Act 1900
Sydney Olympic Park Act 2001
Transport Administration Act 1988
TAXES AND DUTIES - land tax - liability of lessee from the Crown - s21C Land Tax Management Act 1956 - characterisation of arrangement as a lease - exclusive possession - reservations affecting exclusive possession - is lease referrable to another relationship or merely incidental to project development - definition of Crown - statutory body representing Crown
Goldsworthy Mining Ltd v Federal Commissioner of Taxation (1973) 128 CLR 199
L and T (Sales) Pty Ltd v Chief Commissioner of State Revenue [2007] NSWSC 1061
Lewis v Bell [1985] 1 NSWLR 731
Living & Leisure Australia Ltd v CSR [2017] VSC 675
McNamara v Consumer Trading and Tenancy Tribunal [2003] NSWSC 349
Queensland v Congoo (2015) 256 CLR 539
Radaich v Smith (1959) 101 CLR 209
Restaurants of the Rocks Pty Ltd v Chief Commissioner of State Revenue [2008] NSWADT 20
Western Australia v Brown (2014) 253 CLR 507
Western Australia v Ward (2002) 213 CLR 1
Wik Peoples v State of Queensland (1996) 187 CLR
Williams v State Transport Authority of NSW [2004] NSWCA 179
In 2014 Australia Avenue Developments Pty Ltd ("AAD") entered into a Project Development Agreement ("PDA") with the Sydney Olympic Park Authority ("SOPA") under which it agreed to develop land at Sydney Olympic Park (the Land). SOPA, a statutory body representing the Crown established under the Sydney Olympic Park Act 2001 ("SOP Act"), was the registered proprietor of the Land.
The PDA also provided for the parties to enter into a construction lease to enable the development to proceed. The lease in the form approved under the Real Property Act 1900 was entered into by the parties. The lease on its face commenced on 5 November 2015 and terminated on 16 May 2020. The lease was registered on title.
The Taxpayer was assessed for land tax as lessee of Crown land under s.21C of the Land Tax Management Act 1956 ("LTMA") which imposes land tax on lessees under Crown leases, subject to a number of conditions which exempt certain types of Crown leases.
Taxpayer's argument
The Taxpayer argued it was not liable because the "lease" was not a lease in substance. The Taxpayer's arguments were:
the arrangement between the parties could not be characterised as a lease because:
It did not grant the Taxpayer exclusive possession to the Land;
The Taxpayer did not have a complete right of quiet enjoyment;
The "lease" was actually an ancillary arrangement to the building/development contract, granting the Taxpayer the necessary access to the Land;
the Land was not owned by the Crown for the purpose of the provision. Even though SOPA is a statutory body representing the Crown, this did not mean that land owned by SOPA was owned by the Crown for the purpose of s.21C of the LTMA;
SOPA was liable to land tax because a Regulation had not been made under s.10(1)(m) of the LTMA to exempt it.Therefore the Taxpayer was not liable by virtue of s.21C(6)(e), which exempts a lessee of Crown land if the Crown is liable.
Is the relevant contract a lease?
The Tribunal held that it is necessary to examine all the relevant rights as between the parties to the arrangement in order to determine what, in substance, was their objective intention. It is a necessary feature of a lease for the lessee to have exclusive possession, but the Tribunal did not accept that almost any derogation from exclusive possession would mean that the arrangement was not a tenancy. The relevant issue was whether the Taxpayer has sufficient exclusive possession.The Tribunal considered that it is necessary to examine all the relevant rights as between the parties to the arrangement to determine what, in substance, they intended. The words used by the parties do not necessarily determine the question of substance, although they might be relevant where the parties appear to be well advised commercial operators. The Tribunal agreed with the Chief Commissioner's submissions that the reservations relied upon by the Taxpayer were either not true reservations, or are part of what could ordinarily be expected to be found as part of the machinery for a joint venture between land owner and developer.The Tribunal found that none of the provisions suggested by the Taxpayer as derogating the right of exclusive possession or quiet enjoyment, whether considered individually or collectively, were sufficiently material to change the substance of the arrangement as a lease. The Tribunal did not accept the Taxpayer's argument that the arrangements did not amount to a lease because they were merely incidental to the wider relationship of land owner and developer.The Tribunal determined that on the face of it, having regard to the references to a construction lease in Clause 11.4 and Annexure O of the PDA, the conditional provisions for exclusive possession and quiet enjoyment in Annexure O, and the entry into and registration of the lease, the agreement would be characterised as a lease.The Tribunal noted that AAD is granted exclusive possession, not just possession, its right to occupation is for a term, and is not revocable unless AAD does not comply with an essential term of the lease, or fails to remedy a breach. The Tribunal concluded that there was a lease as ordinarily understood and the lease renders the Taxpayer a "lessee" of land for the purposes of s.21C of the LTMA.
Is the land owned by the Crown?
The Tribunal rejected the Taxpayer's arguments, referring to the finding in Williams v State Transport Authority of NSW [2004] NSWCA 179 that privileges and immunities of the Crown is vested upon parties representing the Crown, which confirms that SOPA is the Crown as defined in s.3(1) of the Land Tax Management Act 1956.
Is SOPA liable to land tax?
The Tribunal did not accept the Taxpayer's argument that SOPA as the owner of the land is liable for land tax because it concluded that SOPA is the Crown for land tax purposes; (SOPA is not a State owned corporation within the meaning of the State Owned Corporations Act 1989, therefore s.10(1)(m) of the LTMA is not relevant).
Pursuant to s 101 of the TAA, the Assessments are confirmed.


text:
Q: How to use an interface mapping to create a new type? Is something like this possible in Typescript?
const enum ET {
  Collision,
  Dying,
  Collected
}

interface EventMap {
  [ET.Collision]: CollisionEvent;
  [ET.Dying]: DyingEvent;
  [ET.Collected]: CollectedEvent;
}

class GameEvent {
  static grabFromPool(type: ET) {
    let entry = GameEvent.pool[type];

    if (entry.length === 0) {
      return new EventMap[type](); // this line is throwing the error
    } else {
      return entry.pop();
    }
  }

  private static pool: Array<Array<GameEvent>> = [ [], [], [] ];
}

I'm trying to create an object pool. The line I marked is giving the following error:
'EventMap' only refers to a type, but is being used as a value here.ts(2693)
I'm trying to instantiate the corresponding class (example: CollisionEvent) based on the given type parameter (ET).

A: In your code, EventMap is only a type, with no runtime value. You need a real object:
const EventMap = {
  [ET.Collision]: CollisionEvent,
  [ET.Dying]: DyingEvent,
  [ET.Collected]: CollectedEvent,
}

If you need the type:
type EventMap = typeof EventMap
// Inferred as this \/
{
    0: typeof CollisionEvent;
    1: typeof DyingEvent;
    2: typeof CollectedEvent;
}

Note that in a type expression, CollisionEvent refers to an instance of the class, and typeof CollisionEvent refers to the class and its constructor.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


After the 2013 NFC Championship game, sports reporter Erin Andrews interviewed Seattle Seahawks cornerback Richard Sherman. Sherman was enthusiastic to say the least, and has led to media controversy.
I heard that there is a rule in place in the NFL such that media can only approach players after a certain amount of time has passed after the game. Moreover, players could be fined for not participating in media sessions.
What is the proper etiquette when a sports reporter interviews a player after a game? Although my focus is on the NFL, I am also interested in hearing about how other sports deal with media in this regard.
"Players must be available to the media following every game and regularly during the practice week as required under league rules and their contracts and as noted above. It is not permissible for any group of players to boycott the media. Star players with heavy media demands must be available to the media that regularly cover their teams at least once during the practice week in addition to their required post-game media availability. This applies to a maximum of one or two players per team only. The minimum for such players of one practice-week availability to local media does not include other required media obligations such as visiting team conference calls, network production meetings, and national media interviews arranged by the team."
The source for this quote is http://www.profootballwriters.org/nfl-media-policy/ if you want to further investigate the media policies of the NFL. Hope this helps.
I can speak to athletics/track and field, the sport I sometimes cover.
Most events at a professional level and NCAA events at the national level require athletes to pass through a "mixed zone" after competition. This is (usually) a divided space with athletes on one side of a barrier and reporters on the other. This is where post-competition interviews happen.
At major international events (e.g. World Championships, Olympics) there are distinct sections of the mixed zone for TV, radio, and written media. This often means an athlete like Usain Bolt will have done multiple TV and radio interviews before arriving at the written press mixed zone. In cases like this the athlete is often removed to a press conference room to answer questions in a larger setting.
In smaller meets, it's up to the reporter to buttonhole the athlete they want to speak to, although there is often a meet media manager on hand to make sure reporters speak to the athletes they want. There are no formal requirements of the athletes, although talking to the press is an unwritten aspect of professionalism and good agents/sponsors will encourage their athletes to do so. The athletes, who have just completed a sometimes-grueling competition and are sometimes disappointed in their performance, can be unmotivated to talk and will escape if they can. On the other hand, there are classy athletes who respect the role of the press and will stand and talk as long as there are questions, regardless of their disappointment and/or fatigue. And winners are almost always easy to talk to.
I've almost never run in to an athlete in this sport whose etiquette while speaking to the press is questionable, but that's not to say it doesn't happen.
What is the broadcast etiquette when a pitcher has a perfect game?