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text:
Q: Typemap javaimports doesn't work for inner C++ class Assuming I have nested.i like :
%typemap(javaimports) Outer "
/**
* Outer class
*/"

%typemap(javaimports) Outer::Inner "
/**
* Outer::Inner class
*/"

%javamethodmodifiers Outer::outer_method(int) "
  /**
  * Outer::outer_method(int)
  */
  public";

%javamethodmodifiers Outer::Inner::inner_method(int) "
  /**
  * Outer::Inner::inner_method(int)
  */
  public";

struct Outer {
  int outer_method(int);
  struct Inner {
    int inner_method(int);
  };
};

and trying to generate Java like
$ swig -java -c++ -module Sample nested.i

As a result 3 import and modifiers are appeared except Outer::Inner class.
Environment: MS Windows 7
$ swig -version

SWIG Version 3.0.7

Compiled with i586-mingw32msvc-g++ [i586-pc-mingw32msvc]

Configured options: +pcre

Please see http://www.swig.org for reporting bugs and further information

A: javaimports do add code to import section, and while you are wrapping nested class, it is located inside single file and share same includes. javaimports for nested class is ignored.

personally for class documentation i use javaclassmodifiers like so:
%typemap(javaclassmodifiers) Outer::Inner "
/**
* Outer::Inner class
*/
public class";

in case of inner class it generates:
  static
  /**
  * Outer::Inner class
  */
  public class Inner

which is not that very nice, it compiles, but javadoc is not generated for that class.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Callie H. Burt, Ph.D.
Sociologist & Criminologist
Social Schematic Theory
Racial Discrimination, Racial Socialization, and Crime
Self-Control and Reckless Behavior
Law & Society Scholarship
Biopsychosocial Processes
Overgeneralizations and Obfuscations: A Response to Turkheimer('s blog)
June 4, 2015 October 15, 2015 / Callie Burt
Recently, Eric Turkheimer, a foremost behavioral geneticist, wrote a blog about the debate in Criminology around heritability studies, primarily focusing on arguments in our original article (see here and our rejoinder). While I am under no illusion that people will actually read this response/blog, I wanted to respond to Turkheimer's critique because, like other (pro-BG) responses to our critique, it is grounded in a misunderstanding or mischaracterization of our argument.[a] Like Barnes et al., Wright et al., and Moffitt and Beckley before him, Turkheimer seems unwilling to engage with the substance (explicit focus) of our critique, but rather chooses to interpret it (wrongly) as anti-genetic and "anti-BG."[b] I feel compelled to address these misguided responses to (critiques of) our critique.
To foreshadow the discussion below, drawing on Turkheimer's quotes, including his critique, I maintain that Turkheimer agrees with the substance of our critique, with discord only appearing if our arguments are mischaracterized (overgeneralized to topics that they were avowedly not addressing, e.g., the broader field of behavior genetics, the use of twin and adoption studies for non-heritability purposes), and that we cited him correctly.
I respond to each of Turkheimer's points below. The responses are numbered to correspond to the numbered points he raised in his blog.
(1) Like Wright et al. and Barnes et al., Turkheimer balks at our call for an end to heritability studies as ("sounding a lot like") scientific censorship. This is both unnecessarily polemical and a rather weak response to a scientific argument, given that this is the way science proceeds when advances uproot the flaws (or lack of utility) of certain scientific practices. This is a gradual process whereby (some) scientists begin to realize the flaws of a paradigm or practice (e.g., the geocentric theory of the universe or phrenology) and bring it to attention and the topic of debate. Ours was an attempt to inform criminologists, who have neither the background in biology nor the time or interest to keep pace with the incredible advances in the life sciences in recent years, about the flaws of the heritability study and to make a case for superannuating (or hastening the decline of) the practice of estimating h2 as well as recognizing the flawed nature of its existing estimates. This is in the spirit of advancing science. As Popper (1962) articulated (and we cited this in our paper) "our knowledge grows only through the correction of our mistakes."
(2) Turkheimer states: "If noting else, the generic citations of Rutter and Turkheimer as a kind of appeal to authority is a lousy way to argue. What did I say, exactly, and why is what I said relevant to the current argument." We cited Turkheimer and Rutter not as an appeal to authority but as foremost experts in the field. Barnes et al. responded to our initial critique with the intimation that we were merely extreme environmentalists who were uninformed about biology (presumably in contrast to them), and that, as such, our criticisms should be ignored because we did not have expertise in the areas (aka, we didn't know what we were talking about.)[c] Rather than as an "appeal to authority" as a means of arguing, we cited Rutter and Turkheimer as experts in the area who also thought that heritability studies had little (to nothing) to contribute to science at the present state of knowledge.
But, what did Turkheimer say?[d] In the paper, we pointed the reader to two pages in two articles that contained the discussion supporting our interpretation of his statements indicating that heritability studies, at present, lack utility and should come to the end. Here are the quotes:
Turkheimer (2011: 598)
"Whether this exercise [heritability studies, which he often refers to as variance partitioning because that is what it is] has any scientific content has been the subject of debate for more than a century, and here is a summary of why I think it does not: it is not about cause. Practitioners of the art wanted it to be about cause, in the sense that the relative magnitudes of the various components were supposed to tell us something about the importance of genetic and environmental causes underlying a trait, but they do not…In the real world of humans, in a given context everything is heritable to some extent and environmental to some other extent, but the magnitudes of the proportions are variable from situation to situation, and have nothing whatsoever to do with the causal properties of genes and environment for the trait in question, unless one is interested in the pointless null hypothesis that one of the components is zero….Plomin and Daniels [1987!!] marked the beginning of the end of variance partitioning as a useful endeavor in human developmental science."
Turkheimer (2014)
"The laws of behavior genetics are not actual laws, and calling them that may have led to some misunderstandings of what was originally intended. In particular, although the First Law of Behavior Genetics has sometimes been considered an endorsement of a hereditarian view of behavior (e.g., Pinker 2003), the universality of heritability is best interpreted as a reductio ad absurdum of these very distinctions—as a way of observing that the endeavor of figuring out how genetic or environmental a trait is, let alone declaring that it is exclusively one or the other, is pointless. (p.532; emphases added).
"The prospect of this outcome has haunted the nature-nurture debate from its inception, as both sides of the old debate were led to a dead end of thinking that the point of the debate was to evaluate the separate effects of genes and environment. It became clear long ago that neither genes nor environment could be discounted for anything important… Genetically informed research designs can partially, imperfectly, control for the genetic and shared environmental confounds that otherwise cloud causal interpretation of associations like these, and they have been extraordinarily successful at doing so. The quantification of heritability itself is unimportant in such analyses…" (p. 535, emphases added).
We could also point to Johnson, Turkheimer, Gottesman, & Bouchard (2009). In the abstract (p. 217): "We see little need for further studies of the heritability of individual traits in behavioral science…"
Furthermore, noting clearly that "heritability studies are no longer important," Johnson, Turkheimer, Gottesman, & Bouchard (2009) stated: "To understand why heritability estimates are no longer important, it is necessary to understand that they are completely dependent on the specifics of the samples and environmental conditions from which they are taken…This means that little can be gleaned from any particular heritability estimate and there is little need for further twin studies investigating the presence and magnitude of genetic influences on behavior." (pp. 217-218, emphasis added).
These are some of the things that Turkheimer said that led us to cite him as calling for an end to heritability studies. And, there are more. Although we wish we had the space to include these quotations, we believe that Turkheimer's words are consistent with our citing him as an insider in the area who also thinks the studies lack utility at the present state of knowledge.
(3) Turkheimer states: "One ongoing problem I have with a lot of recent anti-BG writing is the whole idea of a "heritability study". Evan Charney is another person who trades in this idea. A heritability study isn't a thing. A [sic] heritability is a descriptive statistic, an effect size, not a kind of study. It is kind of like writing a critique of social psychology and railing against "F-ratio studies."
First, we point out that Turkheimer (like Barnes et al., Wright et al., and Moffitt and Beckley before him) wrongly lumps our study into a body of "anti-BG" writing. We are clear[e] that our critique is narrowly focused on "heritability studies," and this necessitated and justified our using the term "heritability study" to describe the studies at the focus of our critique.
Second, I wish to clarify what we mean by heritability studies, although I remain rather astonished that this seems to be a point of confusion. What we refer to as heritability studies are those studies whose aims are to come up with a numerical estimate of heritability (h2), which we defined: "Heritability was defined by Wahlsten (1990: 244) as "the proportion of variance in a measure of behaviour or other phenotype in a breeding population that is attributable to genetic variation" and by Plomin et al. (2012: 87) as "the proportion of phenotypic variance that is accounted for by genetic differences among individuals." (Burt & Simons 2014: 227).
We selected the name "heritability studies" for these studies, following Charney (2012), because we are narrowly focused on studies whose focus is on partitioning variance between "genetics" and "environments". Heritability studies are not tantamount to twin and adoption studies because studies of twin and adoption samples can be used for other purposes other than to estimate h2. Our critique, as we note in the paper, is not on these other uses of twin (or adoption) studies. (Thus, for example, Moffitt and Beckley's point that MZ studies of twin discordance can be used to enhance our understanding of criminal behavior is entirely beside the point of our critique. In fact, I think that in some situations MZ studies of twin discordance offer great promise for shedding light on environmental influences on phenotype variance.)
Turkheimer argues that the "heritability study isn't a thing. A heritability is a descriptive statistic, an effect size, not a kind of study." Sure it is a kind of study. A heritability study is exactly how we (and Charney) have described above. What's not to understand? The heritability estimate is a (time, population) specific effect size, and the study that estimates heritability is a heritability study. This is pretty straightforward. Critiquing studies that merely attempt to estimate h2 is not at all like "writing a critique of social psychology and railing against 'F-ratio studies'. Social psychological studies that use F-statistics do not have the goal of estimating the F-statistic and they do not present the resulting F-statistic in the abstract as the key finding from the study. No, such studies have the goal of examining whether relationships exist, and they certainly don't report F-statistics as the key finding of the study. If they did, then they could be appropriately called F-statistic studies. Similar to our use of heritability study, scientists refer to studies that assess the dimensionality of various measures as "factor analytic studies.. Heritability studies are absolutely a thing (as Turkheimer notes in his point 4) like factor analytic studies.
(4) But, Turkheimer does in fact understand what we call heritability studies: "What Burt and Simons think they mean by a "heritability study" is a study that has no point other than estimating the heritability of something. My friend Ron Yeo used to refer to these as h-squared-equals studies. On this point they can cite me, and the 2011 paper they cite is a reasonable source. The heritability of criminality doesn't mean that it has somehow turned out to be "biological" and whether the estimated value in some twin study is .3 or .65 makes very little difference and doesn't tend to replicate anyway"
Yes, what we "think we mean" is, in fact, actually what we mean (thanks).[f] And, with this, we would point out that Turkheimer does acknowledge that heritability studies (h2-equals studies) are, in fact, a thing.
This is exactly how we cited Turkheimer and this is exactly our argument. As we noted, there had been a profusion of heritability studies (Turkheimer's seemingly preferred appellation, "h-squared equals studies") in criminology over the past several years, and these were the studies we were calling for an end to.
(5) Turkheimer: "Barnes et al are right: I do twin studies for a living, and it would be mighty hypocritical of me to declare that they are useless in general. As a BG person who has spent a lot of time criticizing the heritability concept, I have made it a discipline to never suggest that my doubts about numerical heritabilities should lead to a general dismissal of genetic effects on behavior or the behavior genetic enterprise generally."
With his statements on point 4, it appears that we did cite Turkheimer appropriately, and he does agree that we should stop estimating heritability studies at the present state of knowledge. Yet, like other BG proponents, he wants to overgeneralize our argument rather than conceding his agreement, twisting it into something it is not (or he is just making irrelevant points that genetic effects aren't zero, something our paper did not question). This critique is not anti-BG, and nowhere do we dismiss either genetic effects or behavior genetics generally. (We repeat this point several times throughout the papers). We are not broadly criticizing quantitative genetics, nor are we endorsing it, we wanted to call an end to these "h-squared-equals studies," which were being estimated and published on nearly every outcome without an end in sight.
To be clear, studies that employ the twin design for reasons that are not for the purposes of estimating heritability are not the focus of our critique, which, again, is why we employed the term heritability study (not twin studies).
(6) Turkheimer though takes us to task for not doing something that was irrelevant to our paper: "Where in the remainder of their articles is a concession that genetic pathways rule out certain interpretations of the data, an acknowledgement that criminology has to take genetics into account when it is interpreting its findings? Like every anti-BG paper I have ever read, they spend the rest of their paper finding something to attack in every single genetically oriented paper they can find. Twin study? EEA. Adoption study? Prenatal effects. If all of non-experimental social science were held to this standard it would just go away." Again, this is beside the point. Our goal was squarely on heritability studies, and "finding something to attack in nearly every single genetically-oriented paper we could find"? Weak sauce, as we were focused on criticizing heritability studies and, yes, our focus was identifying their problems. It was simply out of the scope of our paper to concede that genetic pathways rule out certain interpretations of data. We also did not talk about the effects of labeling by the criminal justice system on interpretations of the effects incarceration on the likelihood of recidivism. Both are out of scope.
(7) Turkheimer states that he thinks that studies of twins can be used effectively for purposes other than heritability. Off topic, but good to know. (Such was clear from his papers we cited.)
(8) Turkheimer asks: "Now the question is whether the studies that Burt and Simons list are h2-equals-studies or more interesting genetically informed social science. I'm not going to take the time to go through them one at a time, but the several I looked at were bivariate "quasi-causal" (as we call them in our lab) studies."
I can answer this. The studies we identified (per reviewer requests to point to studies) all involved an "h2-equal" as the sole goal if not a primary goal of the paper.
(9) Turkheimer stated: "Moffitt and Beckley wrote a nice reply about epigenetics and I won't go into depth about it. I think that people who think that epigenetic explanations of behavioral differences are important should go ahead and do the research and show it. I doubt very much that a demonstration of meaningful epigenetic effects would meet with any opposition in the behavior genetic community. Epigenetics of behavior is behavior genetics. Epigenetics and classical genetics aren't at odds on a biological level, and there is no reason they should be at odds in social science."
I have so many thoughts on this point that I'm actually not even sure where to begin, so I shall go in chronological order.
As I noted above, I found Moffitt and Beckley's response to be both misguided and off topic. For example, they summarized our argument as follows: "In their original article, Burt and Simons (2014) argued that heritability studies should be abandoned because twin and adoption research is a fatally flawed paradigm. They pointed optimistically to epigenetics research as the way forward." And, later, they summarized our argument as: "recommending…that criminologists should embrace epigenetics and abandon twin studies." In short, not exactly. For the former, we focused on ending heritability studies because these studies are flawed conceptually and biologically, and we pointed to epigenetics research as demonstrating the biological fallacy of separate G vs. E influences, and how this new paradigm (postgenomic paradigm) might influence future biologically-informed social scientific work on crime. "Twin and adoption research" are not a "fatally flawed paradigm" because they are not a paradigm. Finally, to repeat (perhaps ad nauseam), we at no point called for an end to the use of studies with samples of twins.
Unfortunately, in our view, rather than engage with our critique, Beckley and Moffitt's response piece was largely off topic to the debate about the utility of heritability studies. (E.g., Burt and Simons (2014) also suggested that the twin design is irreparably flawed. However, one of the most exciting future uses of twin data for criminology is the study of discordant twins…"). We did not discuss the use of twin sample and methods in general, which is why the value of MZ twin discordance studies is irrelevant. They then proceed to discuss the debates and difficulties in engaging in epigenetics research, which I don't necessarily disagree with, but again irrelevant to our point. Moreover, at points it seems as though they are arguing that the difficulties (and challenges) of doing social scientific research that accords with current biological knowledge justifies or neutralizes studies that are mired in outdated (biological) knowledge. (Would they have us continue develop knowledge based on the model of the earth as flat following scientific evidence overturning this model because of the difficulties and complexities involved in changing paradigms?)
Neither Turkheimer nor Beckley and Moffitt speak to our primary argument about the flawed conceptual (biological) model of heritability studies nor its lack of utility at the present state of knowledge. And, Turkheimer's point that epigenetics is behavioral genetics is immaterial. Our critique was avowedly not anti-BG. However, Turkheimer's statement that "Epigenetics and classical genetics aren't at odds on a biological level," is simply not correct, see Meloni (2014a; 2014b) and Charney (2012a) clear and detailed refutations of this statement.
I must also register my surprise that a behavioral geneticist is taking social scientists who see epigenetic findings as relevant and promising to task "for not doing the research and showing it." Missing heritability? And, this from the scholar who states: "Complex human behaviour emerges out of a hyper-complex developmental network into which individual genes and individual environmental events are inputs. The systematic causal effects of any of those inputs are lost in the developmental complexity of the network. Causal explanations of complex differences among humans are therefore not going to be found in individual genes or environments any more than explanations of plate tectonics can be found in the chemical composition of individual rocks" (Turkheimer 2011: 600). But, the nascent field of epigenetics needs to step up and show their results if they want to be in the discussion (?). Even so, there is, in fact, significant evidence demonstrating the effects of epigenetic differences on behavior (see my discussion here, drawing on a number of various sources, e.g., Landecker & Panofsky 2013; Weaver et al. 2006). To be sure, at this point much of this evidence is confined to non-human animals, yet, this is changing. Scholars are doing this work on humans, and evidence is beginning to accrue that "shows it" (the effects of epigenetic variation on behavioral variation).
(10) (Again, the tired tendency to paint us as anti-BG rather than focusing on the substance of our more focused critique). Turkheimer says we are wrong about GCTA studies. We present evidence; where is his? I have yet to come across one GCTA study that even remotely resembles the high heritabilities found in twin studies of complex social phenotypes. That is our argument. I am more than willing to revise my thinking in light of new evidence, but Turkheimer does not provide any (neither did Wright et al. who did not respond to our response to their use of GCTA studies of height as support for the validity of twin studies of social phenotypes).
Turkheimer concludes with the following: "So in conclusion: if you want to cite me as a critic of some general version of BG, the citation should be limited to the idea that numerical heritabilities aren't very important per se, and that studies that do nothing other than estimate them are no longer very important. The next sentence should be something about how I do maintain that nonzero heritability is important methodologically, and that there are many scientifically useful things to do with twins other than just estimating heritabilities. Better yet, be very specific about what it is I am supposed to have said when you cite me."
Again, it seems that we are in total agreement. We did not and have not discussed Turkheimer as a general critic of BG, and cited him as indicating that numerical heritabilities are not very important. We were not able due to space limitations to include all the quotes from Turkheimer, but we did point the reader to the sources and pages where his criticisms of heritability studies were found.
After reading Turkheimer's blog, I cannot seem but feel he wants to have it both ways. He recognizes and publicly states that heritability studies are not useful, and, yet, wants us to refrain from pointing that out because doing so is somehow anti-BG, anti-genetic, and anti-science and is tantamount to indicting all of genetically-informed social science as balderdash (and thus, makes the critique out of touch with scientific reality). Perhaps, before one can criticize heritability studies, one must first establish a record of supporting genetic effects and the BG enterprise (only insiders can criticize the method?)
In sum, Turkheimer's critique of our critique is not without substance; yet, as with Barnes et al., Wright et. al., and Beckley and Moffitt, Turkheimer creates a general anti-BG argument out of our narrowly constructed heritability study critique. Rather than conceding that we are in agreement, which it does appear we are, Turkheimer makes our argument anti-BG and us anti-genetic. I find this both highly perplexing and frustrating as it seems to muddy the waters unnecessarily and confuse issues and models that are separate and distinct.
[a] I would like to note that I engaged in a series of pleasant emails with Turkheimer after he sent me a link to his blog, and it seemed that we shared some common ground and were both willing to (re)consider our ideas in light of new information.
[b] For example, Wright et al. (2015) stated: "Consider, too, the linguistic gymnastics used by Burt and Simons (2014, 2015) to claim that nothing positive 'at the present time' has come out of behavioral genetic research." Speaking of impressive gymnastics, this entirely twists our argument to try to feebly come up with the value of heritability studies based on "behavioral genetic findings" and "biosocial data". We stated that at the present state of knowledge heritability studies lack utility. We have yet to see a response (on point) to this critique.
[c] We should note that none of the authors to who responded to our critique in Criminology (JC Barnes, JP Wright, B. Boutwell, J.A. Schwartz, EJ Connolly, JL Nedelec, K.M. Beaver) have any degrees in the biological sciences.
[d] I will note that we had wished to include quotes from both Turkheimer and Rutter, but we were under strict page limitations. We asked if we could have extra space to include quotes from these to scholars, but this was not allowed.
[e] We noted clearly in our rejoinder, for example: "When it suits their purpose, Barnes et al. and Wright et al. wrongly broaden our critique to behavioral genetics and/or biosocial research generally. We have clearly noted throughout that the heritability study method, including its fallacious technical and conceptual assumptions, is the focus of our critique, not behavioral genetics or biosocial work in general."
[f] Aside, we find our heritability study label much more interpretable and useful than Turkheimer's seemingly preferred label "h-squared-equals studies" coined by his friend. This slight difference in conceptualization (or non-recognition of our conceptualization) can greatly impair communication and progress. Point of illustration, this occurs on occasion when my son is either trying be difficult so as not to engage with me or refusing to recognize my clear reference to something because I am not employing his (constantly changing) conceptual framework. In response to my request for him to (please) pick up your airplanes and put them away, he continues resting in his chair and responds, "there are no airplanes on the floor." I point to the ones right in front of him. "Nope, Mommy, those are rocket ships."
CITED REFERENCES:
Burt, Callie H., & Simons, Ronald L. (2014). Pulling back the curtain on heritability studies: Biosocial criminology in the postgenomic era. Criminology, 52, 223-262.
Burt , Callie H., & Simons, Ronald L. (2015). Heritability studies in the postgenomic era: The 'fatal flaw' is conceptual. Criminology 53: 101-112.
Charney, Evan. (2012). Behavior genetics and postgenomics. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 35:331–410.
Johnson, Wendy, Eric Turkheimer, Irving I. Gottesman, & Thomas J. Bouchard. (2009). Beyond heritability: Twin studies in behavioral research. Current Directions in Psychological Science 18: 217-220.
Landecker, Hannah, & Aaron Panofksy. (2013). From social structure to gene regulation and back: A critical introduction to environmental epigenetics and society. Annual Review of Sociology 39:333–57.
Moffitt, Terrie E., & Amber Beckley. (2014). Abandon twin research? Embrace epigenetic research? Premature advice for criminologists. Criminology 53: 121-126.
Turkheimer, Eric. (2011). Commentary: Variation and causation in the environment and genome. International Journal of Epidemiology 40:598–601.
Turkheimer, Eric. (2014). A phenotype null hypothesis for the genetics of personality. Annual Review of Psychology 65: 515-540.
Wright, John Paul, J. C. Barnes, Brian B. Boutwell, Joseph A. Schwartz, Eric J. Connolly, Joseph L. Nedelec, & Kevin M. Beaver. (2015). Mathematical proof is not minutiae and irreducible complexity is not a theory: A final response to Burt and Simons and a call to criminologists. Criminology 53:113–20.
This Again? Homogenizing Racism, Dismissing Structure, and Adding Biology: A Response to Walsh & Yun (2017) →
6 thoughts on "Overgeneralizations and Obfuscations: A Response to Turkheimer('s blog)"
Daniel Kavish
Firstly, I think your website is beautifully designed (I am jealous). Secondly, I enjoyed reading your blog response to Eric Turkheimer.
Callie Burt
Thanks, Daniel. 🙂
I'm officially following you. I've enjoyed your work in the past (I love that you take scholars on to defend and advance your position). This is an inspiring blog.
Thanks, Michael!! I don't post often, but when I do, I do it with conviction 🙂
Felicia Newey
Franklyn Meers
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
package cs601.collections;

import java.util.List;

/** A Map (Dictionary) just like Java's Map<K,V> interface except that
 * this interface has 2 keys instead of just one. Otherwise it works
 * the same way.
 */
public interface DoubleKeyMap<K1,K2,V> {
    /** Add (key1,key2,value) to dictionary, overwriting previous
     *  value if any.  key1, key2, and value must all be non-null.
     *  If any is null, throw IllegalArgumentException.
     *  @return the previous value associated with <tt>key</tt>, or
     * <tt>null</tt> if there was no mapping for <tt>key</tt>.
     *
     */
    V put(K1 key1, K2 key2, V value);

    /** Return the value associated with (key1, key2). Return null if
     *  no value exists for those keys.  key1, key2 must be non-null.
     *  If any is null, throw IllegalArgumentException.  The value
     *  should be just the value added by the user via put(), and
     *  should not contain any of your internal bookkeeping
     *  data/records.
     */
    V get(K1 key1, K2 key2);

    /** Remove a value if present. Return previous value if any.
     *  Do nothing if not present and return null.
     */
    V remove(K1 key1, K2 key2);

    /** Return true if there is a value associated with the 2 keys
     *  else return false.
     *  key1, key2 must be non-null. If either is null, return false.
     */
    boolean containsKey(K1 key1, K2 key2);

    /** Return list of a values in the map/dictionary.  Return an
     *  empty list if there are no values.  The values should be just
     *  the values added by the user via put(), and should not contain
     *  any of your internal bookkeeping data/records.
     */
    List<V> values();

    /** Return how many elements there are in the dictionary. */
    int size();

    /** Reset the dictionary so there are no elements. */
    void clear();
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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The District serves 65,000 retail customers and 55,000 wholesale customers for a total population of 120,000. Its sole source of water is from underground aquifers, water-bearing strata of permeable rock, sand, or gravel. No surface water, desalinated water, or recycled water is used. The District has a total of 32 (30 active) wells, which together provide a maximum production capacity of approximately 30 million gallons per day (mgd), with a total water right capacity to pump up to over 60 mgd. Its water network comprises 256 miles of water mains and 13 water tanks, with a total storage capacity of 27,300,000 gallons.
Unlike competing products, InfoWater's innovative network modeling technology addresses every facet of utility infrastructure management and protection — delivering the highest rate of return in the industry. Built atop ArcGIS (Esri, Redlands, CA) and winner of the ArcGIS for Desktop Based Application Award, InfoWater seamlessly integrates sophisticated predictive analytics, systems dynamics and optimization functionality directly within the powerful ArcGIS setting. From fire flow and dynamic water quality simulations, valve criticality and energy cost analysis to pressure zone management and advanced Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swarm optimization, the suite comes equipped with everything water utility owner-operators need to best plan, design, operate, secure and sustain their transmission and distribution systems.
The software also serves as a base platform for advanced smart network modeling, capital planning, and asset management extensions. Among these critical applications are IWLive (real-time modeling and forecasting); InfoWater UDF (unidirectional flushing); CapPlan (risk-based capital planning); InfoMaster and InfoMaster Mobile (risk-based asset integrity management and condition assessment); InfoMaster LCCA (optimal life cycle cost scheduling of pipe replacement and rehabilitation); InfoWater MSX (multi-species water quality modeling); InfoWater BTX (event/particle backtracking); InfoSurge (surge/transient analysis and design); Sustainability (carbon footprint calculation); BalanceNet (real-time energy management and operations optimization); PressureWatch (real-time network hydraulic integrity monitoring); QualWatch (real-time network water quality integrity monitoring); SCADAWatch (real-time business intelligence and performance monitoring); DemandWatch (water demand forecasting); and DemandAnalyst (real-time water demand and diurnal pattern estimations).
Innovyze is a leading global provider of wet infrastructure business analytics software solutions designed to meet the technological needs of water/wastewater utilities, government agencies, and engineering organizations worldwide. Its clients include the majority of the largest UK, Australasian, East Asian and North American cities, foremost utilities on all five continents, and ENR top-rated design firms. Backed by unparalleled expertise and offices in North America, Europe, and Asia Pacific, the Innovyze connected portfolio of best-in-class product lines empowers thousands of engineers to competitively plan, manage, design, protect, operate, and sustain highly efficient and resilient infrastructure systems, and provides an enduring platform for customer success.
This entry was posted in CAD-CAM-CAE, Featured News on December 13, 2016 by Sharmila Guha.


text:
Desmond's Injury Puts Pressure On The Rest Of The Offense
By Andrew Flax
In the big news of the day, Ian Desmond was placed on the DL with a torn oblique. It is not yet known how much time he will miss, but estimates range from the minimum fifteen days to at least a month. Desmond has carried the Nats' offense this season, hitting .286/.322/.503 with 17 homers and 53 RBI and placing at or near the top of the team in each of those categories. Without him, the Nats' average-to-below-average offense will likely plummet further in the rankings unless the rest of the lineup can stand up to the challenge. Fortunately for the Nats, it appears that the rest of the team is doing just that.
In the first game of Desmond's prolonged absence today, the Nationals dropped nine runs on the Braves and won handily. Nine-run outburst aside, the game was an accurate microcosm of how the Nationals' offense has been heating up recently. Four players had three hits each; coincidentally, they are the four hottest hitters on the team right now.
The hot hitter everyone recognizes is, of course, Ryan Zimmerman. He hit two monster home runs in Sunday's win over the Braves, and has been absolutely unstoppable during the month of July. His slash line is an unbelievable .414/.481/.886, good for an OPS of 1.367, which is .297 higher than the full season OPS of Andrew McCutchen, who is leading all of baseball with 1.070. He has hit 7 home runs and had 16 RBI during these 17 games; extrapolated over a full season, that would translate to 67 home runs and 152 RBI. Much has been made of the cortisone shot that Zimmerman received on June 24th, and rightfully so. Since receiving the shot, his average has gone up 55 points and his home run total has more than tripled, going from four to fourteen. His resurgence has been huge in the offense's recent success, and he will need to maintain his torrid pace to keep the lineup from slipping.
The second hottest hitter on the Nats is Michael Morse, who was 3-5 with two runs scored and two RBI in Sunday's game. He has raised his average 83 points since June 25th, hitting .371/.392/.536 over those 22 games. His average finally reached .300 today after his 3-5 performance. His return from injury has proven to be a huge boon to the offense, and along with Zimmerman's rise, the two have formed an incredibly potent middle-of-the-order duo. The hot streaks of the next two Nats may not be as well known, but their contributions have been no less important.
The third of our four hot hitters is Roger Bernadina, who was 3-5 with two RBI on Sunday. Bernadina struggled for the past few years as a platoon player in the outfield, but has come on strong after embracing his new role as a bench player. In July, he is hitting .483/.548/.483 despite only starting five games and coming off the bench in eleven. His lack of extra base hits kills his case for the hottest Nat, but he has been a sparkplug off the bench, hitting .600 when he enters the game as a pinch hitter in July. While Bryce Harper has been on a recent cold streak, Bernadina's tear will help make up for it, as will two upcoming changes: the call-up of AAA CF Corey Brown, who has a .944 OPS, and the return of Jayson Werth, who should be healthy by mid-to-late August.
The final hot Nat is Danny Espinosa, who was 3-4 with two RBI and two runs scored on Sunday. Espinosa has long had a low batting average, but his .354/.389/.569 slash line in July has raised his average to .250, the highest it has been since April of 2011.
Looking at Desmond's stats for the 2012 season, it is clear that he has had a massive impact on whatever success this offense has had. However, other Nats are heating up, as they showed against Atlanta on Sunday. While the team will definitely miss Desmond, the offense is certainly being left in capable hands with four Nats who are just getting into their offensive grooves.


Knitting and crocheting are wonderful pastimes. Whichever one you prefer, there are a number of beautiful clothing pieces that you can make for yourself or someone special. If you have a few hours, you can easily DIY yourself a new sweater and I've got a collection of 30 patterns that you can use to do so.
All of these sweaters are easy to make depending on your skill level. None of them are difficult even for beginners. If you've ever wanted to crochet or knit a sweater, now is the time. From gorgeous lacy tunics to shell stitched tank tops and virtually everything in between, you're sure to find the right DIY sweater for every season and every occasion. You can alter many of these patterns to size, and even make some of them small enough for little girls, so you can create a mother daughter matching outfit. You also want to check out these amazing infinity scarf patterns that you can easily knit in an evening or two.
From pullovers to cardigans, there is sure to be a sweater in this pattern collection that you just can't live without. I have such a passion for sweaters – my dresser is literally full of all types of them. That didn't stop me from making a few of these however, and I can tell you that they're really easy patterns. I'm not an expert at knitting or crocheting by any means and I found them really simple to follow and they create such beautiful DIY sweaters. If you're really a fan of crocheting, you need to check out this gorgeous crocheted wedding dress that was made by the bride to be. If you're planning a wedding this year, this is a must see pattern.
Now, back to our sweaters. There are so many ways that you can create your own sweater and these patterns are so easy that you can make more than one of each and give them out as gifts. Now is a great time to get started on handmade Christmas gifts and these sweater patterns are the perfect place to start.
This beautiful bell sleeve pullover can be crocheted in just a few hours. The sleeves bell out at the hands, giving it a really elegant look. This is an intermediate pattern but if you know your basic crochet stitches you can easily finish it. It's the perfect spring or summer sweater because it's lightweight and it resembles those gorgeous sweaters you see in department stores for around $50. This one won't cost you anywhere near that though.
This gorgeous sweater is a relatively easy one to knit and it's a lighter weight than many, so it' great for cooler days when you don't really need something heavy. You can wash it without hurting the shape or size and it's so comfortable to wear. It's a longer sweater too, so it's perfect for pairing with leggings or skinny jeans. The pattern is really easy and as long as you know a few basic knitting stitches, you can turn this one out in just a few hours.
This is a great vintage pattern from Etsy for a pullover sweater that just screams 1970s. It's an easy project that is worked with motifs across the yoke and the sleeves and waist. Don't let the details fool you, this one is even easy for beginners. It's so colorful and such a wonderful vintage looking sweater. It's also relatively lightweight so it's perfect for the upcoming spring temperatures.
You can make this gorgeous sweater for less than $30. How's that for a deal? Plus, it's a pretty easy tunic to crochet. I love the big, wide sleeves and this is a great sweater for warmer days – not too warm, though depending on the weight of yarn that you use. You could easily finish this in an afternoon and the details are just gorgeous.
We all have those days when we need a nice warm sweater in the morning but by afternoon we're wishing for short sleeves. When you need a grab sweater – something to grab as you head out the door just in case it gets cooler later – this poncho sweater is perfect. It's a knit sweater that is long and comfortable and really easy to finish. It's got a wide ribbed collar and uses a thermal stitch which makes it really cozy for those cooler evenings.
This beautiful knit coat is perfect for colder days. It takes quite a bit of yarn and is definitely not the cheapest sweater that you will ever make, but it is definitely worth the extra effort. The pattern itself is fairly easy and there are many gorgeous details. You would probably spend a couple hundred dollars buying a sweater like this in the department store but wouldn't you much rather DIY it?
This lovely cardigan can easily be knitted in a few hours. You use worsted weight yarn and size 11 needles – or whatever you need to obtain the gauge. You can adjust the pattern for sizing. Overall, it's a pretty easy pattern to knit and it gives you a lovely open cardigan with beautiful detailing in the front. This is perfect for when you need a long sleeved sweater and want something comfortable yet elegant.
This ballerina top is a beautiful sleeveless crocheted sweater. If you know basic stitches, you won't have any trouble with this one. You can make it easier by sticking with one color but the contrasting colors look really good. You'll use a single crochet stitch as well as double crochet, slip stitches, and clusters to create this. It's not as complicated as it sounds. You could easily have this one done in an evening or two.
This gorgeous tunic has a fanned out bottom that is simply beautiful. It's perfect for the upcoming spring and summer seasons and would make a wonderful swimsuit cover. It resembles a baby doll top which is great and is lightweight so it's a wonderful addition to your spring wardrobe. You could do this easily over the weekend and have time to spare for other projects too. The pattern can be done in sizes from small to XXL.
Here's another beautiful sleeveless sweater that can be crocheted in just a few hours, even by beginners. It's a baby doll pullover that uses an easy stitch pattern and has a wonderful little eyelet peekaboo section at the top. This is a must for summer and can easily be paired with anything from jeans and shorts to skirts. You'll love how easy this one is to make and it would be a wonderful gift for teens and adults alike. The detailing is exquisite!
If you love the look of bulky sweaters then this summer sweater is perfect. You can wear it during the warmer months and it uses really simple single chain and double crochet stitches. The pattern is all straight lines. You make two rectangles for the front and back and two smaller rectangles for the sleeves. It's a beautiful sweater that you can easily crochet in just a couple of hours.
I really love the design of this knitted drape front cardigan. It gives you such a nice 1960s vibe, like something Jackie O would have worn. It's a pretty easy knit, too. You'll need eight inch needles and a circular to create the drape. It looks like a time consuming and difficult sweater but it's really not. You can easily finish this in a few hours and it's short sleeved so it's perfect for spring weather.
This beautiful sweater has flower motifs and is so elegant. You actually combine knitting and crocheting to complete this so you'll need to be a bit skilled in both arts. You don't have to know any super fancy stitches though. It's a pretty easy sweater to complete although it may take you a bit of time considering you have to switch between knitting and crocheting. The end result though is absolutely stunning.
If you want a heavier sweater, one that hugs you like a comfy blanket, this is it. You can go with the stockinette stitch and make it really large and cozy. The sleeves are large and loose, which are really easy to create and the entire sweater just looks like something you would cozy up with on a cold winter night. The pattern itself is really easy and even beginners can master the stitches in this one.
This heavy knit pullover sweater pattern is marked as easy so it's perfect for beginning knitters. Even if you've only done a project or two, this one should be a cinch. I love the heavy yarn and the overall look of comfy with this one. You'll need to know your purl stitch, which is really easy. This is the perfect cozy sweater for those cold nights we still have ahead of us. Or, start making several now and use them as Christmas gifts!
I love short sleeved cardigans. They're perfect for adding a bit of extra pizzazz to your outfits and particularly great for warmer days. This knit envelope cardigan has a shawl collar and uses a textured stitch. The pattern says intermediate but as long as you know basic knitting stitches this one should be relatively easy. It's a lovely sweater that will look great with anything you want to pair it with.
This lightweight tunic is perfect for spring and summer. The fit is perfect for any shape and size and the pattern can easily be adjusted as needed. You could pair this with jeans or shorts or even use it at the beach as a swimsuit coverup. You just need to know basic crochet stitches to create it and it looks like a really easy sweater to complete. It shouldn't take more than an hour or so.
This is a beautiful cardigan that is really easy to make and so unique in its shape and form. You will need to know the garter stitch for this one. If you come across a stitch you aren't quite sure about, you can find many wonderful tutorials online. This one doesn't require any fancy stitches though and can be completed in just a couple of hours. It's a great lightweight cardigan too so it's perfect for cooler spring evenings.
This crew neck sweater pattern features some wonderful detailing on the front shoulder area and you can easily crochet it in an hour or so. The pattern is actually adjusted for men or women so you could make matching sweaters! You just need basic crochet stitch knowledge for this one. It makes a wonderful three-quarter length sleeve sweater that is lightweight so it's a great addition to your spring and summer wardrobe.
This basic pullover is an easy project for moderate knitters. The pattern is really easy to read and the sweater itself is not at all difficult. It has wonderful detailing on the front and on the sleeves and is a heavier sweater so it's great for those winter days and nights. The sweater is worked in four pieces; the front, back and both sleeves.
This little sweater can be worked up in a jiffy and it's a great cardigan type sweater for warmer temperatures. You knit each row until the sweater is as long as you want it and then work in the stockinette stitch to make the nice rolled edge. It has a couple of buttons at the top but to the side, which gives it a really unique look. This is definitely a sweater that you can finish by spring!
This gorgeous tunic is perfect for parties or just hanging out with friends. The sparkle is a wonderful addition. This one has a really unique stitch pattern and uses yarn that has oval sequins, which gives the tunic its glitter. It's a relatively easy pattern though, despite the elegance of the tunic, and is perfect for pairing with skirts or jeans.
What a gorgeous sweater! This crocheted masterpiece features a large flower right in the center. It's a combination of regular crochet stitches and a half hairpin lace. It's an easy project and one that you are going to love wearing when you're finished. It's also a lightweight sweater so it's great for summer parties and outings. It would also make a wonderful gift for anyone you know who loves flower power.
I love granny squares. Actually I love shrugs too so this one may be my favorite. This one features beautiful detailing and is perfect for the intermediate crocheter. You can do this one if you're a beginner too. It may just take a while longer. Overall, you should be able to finish it in just a few hours and it's the perfect sweater to take along on summer nights when the air may be just a bit cool.
I really love this Jong sweater. It's a one size fits all and creates a bulky and oversized comfy jacket style sweater using a garter stitch. The sweater gets its uniqueness from the faux seams. Overall, it's a simple style and a simple sweater to make. The sweater is three quarter length but you can easily shorten it or lengthen it as you wish. You can also turn back the sleeves for a cropped look. This is pretty easy to knit and you can probably finish it up in under a weekend – and that's accounting for other activities, too.
I really like the look of this coat style sweater. It looks like a pea coat, which are really popular right now and the crocheting is relatively easy. Note, this is a vintage pattern from the 1960s which just gives it that much more appeal. I love the look of this and how easy it is to finish. You'll need a few hours with this one as it's pretty detailed but it's very well worth the extra time.
I adore this tank top. The basic shell stitching is beautiful and this is such an easy to finish project. This is the perfect crochet project for beginners so if this is your first sweater or even your very first crochet project ever, you can easily do this one and have it finished pretty quickly. It's the perfect crochet top for summer and since it's so easy to make, you could do several of these in different colors and have something for practically every day.
This tunic is flowing and gorgeous and really easy to crochet, even for beginners. It's work in rounds from the lower edge to the bust and then the bust I worked in rounds as well. The back and front of the sweater are worked separately in rows. Overall, it's a gorgeous and really simple crocheting project and since it's lightweight, it's great for warmer weather.
I love the fall colors in this one but you could use whatever colors you prefer. It would be beautiful in Christmas colors and the poncho design is perfect for winter outings. The shawl collar is great and it's really an easy pattern to follow. The design makes it a simple and really fast crochet. You should be able to finish this one in just a couple of hours so you have plenty of time to make it before fall.
This is the perfect knit sweater for your first sweater project. It's one of the easiest knitting projects on this list and makes a really gorgeous sweater. You don't need to know any fancy knitting stitches or anything. The pattern is for small but you can easily adjust it to whatever size you need. This is definitely one that you'll want to make for fall or you could use a heavier yarn for a warmer sweater for winter. It's such an easy sweater to knit that you may just want to make one for fall and one for winter.
Ewwwww! Take us back to the 70's!!! Sorry, didn't like those styles then and I still don't. You had a few that offered possibilities but not much else.
I really like the talca tunic but I dont want a garment that hugs around the hips I want just a bit ofmovement/ swing at the hem. Is there a way to do that?


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Accuracy of photometric redshifts for future weak lensing surveys from space
Photometric redshifts are a key tool to extract as much information as possible from planned cosmic shear experiments. In this work we aim to test the performances that can be achieved with observations in the near-infrared from space and in the optical from the ground. This is done by performing realistic simulations of multiband observations of a patch of the sky, and submitting these mock images to software usually applied to real images to extract the photometry and then a redshift estimate for each galaxy. In this way we mimic the most relevant sources of uncertainty present in real data analysis, including blending and light pollution between galaxies. As an example, we adopt the infrared setup of the European Space Agency proposed Euclid mission, while we simulate different observations in the optical, modifying filters, exposure times and seeing values. Finally, we consider directly some future ground-based experiments, such as Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST), Pan-STARRS and Dark Energy Survey (DES). The results highlight the importance of u-band observations, especially to discriminate between low (z≲ 0.5) and high (z˜ 3) redshifts, and the need for good observing sites, with seeing FWHM < 1 arcsec. The former of these indications clearly favours the LSST experiment as a counterpart for space observations, while for the other experiments we need to exclude at least 15 per cent of the galaxies to reach a precision in the photo-z values equal to ?.
Titolo: Accuracy of photometric redshifts for future weak lensing surveys from space
Autore/i: BELLAGAMBA, FABIO; Meneghetti M.; MOSCARDINI, LAURO; Bolzonella M.
BELLAGAMBA, FABIO
Meneghetti M.
MOSCARDINI, LAURO
Bolzonella M.
Digital Object Identifier (DOI): http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.20632.x
Abstract: Photometric redshifts are a key tool to extract as much information as possible from planned cosmic shear experiments. In this work we aim to test the performances that can be achieved with observations in the near-infrared from space and in the optical from the ground. This is done by performing realistic simulations of multiband observations of a patch of the sky, and submitting these mock images to software usually applied to real images to extract the photometry and then a redshift estimate for each galaxy. In this way we mimic the most relevant sources of uncertainty present in real data analysis, including blending and light pollution between galaxies. As an example, we adopt the infrared setup of the European Space Agency proposed Euclid mission, while we simulate different observations in the optical, modifying filters, exposure times and seeing values. Finally, we consider directly some future ground-based experiments, such as Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST), Pan-STARRS and Dark Energy Survey (DES). The results highlight the importance of u-band observations, especially to discriminate between low (z≲ 0.5) and high (z˜ 3) redshifts, and the need for good observing sites, with seeing FWHM < 1 arcsec. The former of these indications clearly favours the LSST experiment as a counterpart for space observations, while for the other experiments we need to exclude at least 15 per cent of the galaxies to reach a precision in the photo-z values equal to ?.


Head of PF Garmash U.N.
LLC "Nizhnevartovsk fish cannery "Santa Maria"
Head of PF Gavrilov I.D.
Head of PF Koleshatov V.D.
Head of PF Kryzhanovskyi P.A.
Head of PF Usupov A.G.
Head of PF Tokma V.V.
SURGUT CITY MUNICIPAL UNITARY ENTERPRISE "SURGUTSKIY KHLEBOZAVOD"
Head of PF Antonov S.V.
Head of PF Kugaevskaya M.G.
Head of PF Bekker A.V.
Head of PF Bagaeva E.V.
HEad of PF Kaptsov D.A.
Head of PF Tomilina T.V.
Head of PF Umagulova M.I.
Head of PF Dmitriev U.V.
Head of PF Gaibov I.H.
Head of PF Butorina M.V.
Head of PF Nikitina N.A.
Head of PF Pustovalova E.G.
Head of PF Puhlenkina A.G.
The community of indigenous peoples "Pravdinsk"
Head of PF Zakharova L.A.
Head of PF Vorontsov A.A.
Agricultural Fish and Fishing Industry Production Cooperative "Volna"
Head of PF Veretelnikov S.V.
Head of PF Churilovich F.V.
Unitary municipal enterprise "Gorodskoy tsentr torgovli"
National community of indigenous peoples of the north "Kama"
Head of PF Nurova T.I.
Head of OF Khinchagov K.D.
Head of PF Sabaev N.I.
Head of PF Kapsamun V.P.
Head of PF Zarovnyatnyh G.P.
Head of PF Zarovnyatnyh P.S.
Head of PF Gumenuk T.P.


text:
Brian Brodeur
Leslie A. Miller
Marilyn Nelson
Levis Remembered
back MARILYN NELSON
A Correspondence with Marilyn Nelson
Conducted October 12, 2022
On October 12, 2022, Marilyn Nelson participated in an email interview with Blackbird managing editor, Waverley Vesely. Nelson's final installment of her translation of Inge Pederson's novel, The path leads through the air, appears in this issue of Blackbird. This interview touches upon the process of translation, the difficulties of form, and the value of literary friendships. Nelson writes: "I often wonder what modern/contemporary Americans mean when they use the word 'poetry.' Do they mean the same things Plato and Aristotle and their students meant? An ideal abstraction up there, floatingly ethereal, like Art and Beauty?" Nelson's work has appeared in Blackbird since its inception, and she has been an important, appreciated member of our community over the past twenty years.
Waverley Vesely: You have been published in Blackbird since its inception, and we have featured many of your translations of Inge Pederson's work. Could you speak about your experience of long-term literary friendships and the impact they have had on your writing—and reading—of literature?
Marilyn Nelson: That (long-term literary friendships and the impact they have . . . ) is an excellent subject for a memoir! Thanks! The appearance of each chapter of Inge's novel has come as a surprise for me, and a great pleasure. I wonder if any readers of Blackbird followed it as a sequence?
WV: Many of your poems stem from research on historical people. How do you research and voice figures from history, and what draws you to the people you chose to write about? What kinds of choices of language are you making when you craft a historical speaker's voice?
MN: Each historical project is different and discovers its own techniques. Not every technique works for every project. Sometimes I've written about an actual person out of personal interest or curiosity, and sometimes I've done so because a persuasive publisher has asked me to. Your question about choices of language made in crafting a historical speaker's voice is very interesting, but I'm afraid I must confess that I don't know how to answer it.
WV: Your poems are deeply rooted in an awareness and interrogation of the ways social systems of both the past and present have made and are making meaning through language. How do you think poetry participates in social critique, and what do you think of its capacity is for generating social change?
MN: I often wonder what modern/contemporary Americans mean when they use the word "poetry." Do they mean the same things Plato and Aristotle and their students meant? An ideal abstraction up there, floatingly ethereal, like Art and Beauty? We need, first of all, to define the term before we try to discuss its capacity for generating social change. Does poetry exist without poets? How many contemporary poets are meaningfully engaged in social justice, in their writing or in their lives? Does poetry exist without poets?
WV: Regarding your translated prose and poetry, how do you conceive of the merging of the original author's voice and your own voice in the process of rewriting a piece into another language? How do you balance maintaining the original language's meaning while also successfully representing it as an aesthetic object in the translated language?
MN: It doesn't feel to me like the merger of two voices. I feel myself more as serving the original author. I was awe-struck all the time I worked with Euripides's Hecuba, for example. And working on Pedersen's Vejen was a long conversation with my dear friend. Remaining as true as possible to the original sense is of utmost importance. I would not seek to make an aesthetic point in English which was not also a point in the original language. What use is an inaccurate translation?
WV: A number of your poems are written in difficult traditional poetic forms—for example, "A Wreath for Emmett Till" is written as a sonnet redoublé and "Millie-Christine" is written as a modified rondeau redoublé. What is the impact of such forms on the content of your poetry, or perhaps the content's impact on the form?
MN: I want to say the forms aren't "difficult," but "complex," but I have to be honest: they were very difficult! "A Wreath for Emmett Till" is a heroic crown of sonnets. I thought that sucker was going to kill me! Writing in a meticulous form is like writing in collaboration with a very talented partner. In the case of the poem for "Emmett Till," the insistence of the rhyme scheme became such an increasingly strong force in the shaping of the poem that I didn't know where the poem was going. I wrote faster and faster, eager to get to the end of each sonnet to see what was coming in the next one—while at the same time holding tightly to the leash, to make sure the poem didn't lose its accuracy. Oh, and "Millie-Christine" had to be always historically accurate! Oy!
Contributor's notes: Marilyn Nelson
Contributor's notes: Waverley Vesely


This new album is, in my opinion, one of your best effort to date. I know you started working on it after have readed some of Fridtjof Nansen's diaries. How did it influence you in composing this long piece?
In fact I did not only read some, but all of Nansen's publications, but these studies took place long ago. I dont have the books anymore because they were so old and heavy, so all I have left are my notebooks where I copied passages from Nansen's writings. "Love is life's snow" – this is the title of one of these notes, and the respective passage became the theme of "Tiento De Las Nieves", and also part of the cover art of the album.
Why did you decide to let electronics aside and concentrate on piano and organic sounds?
There is a sense of simplicity, of longing, of space and this instrumentation works best for this.
The album itself seems to be a musical description of that charming landscape. Did you try to isolate music and remove any human feeling from it (maybe in order to reach a purer contemplation, as if it was a photography), or did you give a role to your emotions – as if it was a paint?
Ideally it would be both – to be able to observe and witness and be yourself (that means the complexity of your memories and situations) in the same moment. My music has most of all spatial qualities that became part of my musical language: distance, horizon, degrees of visibility, disappearance.
The result get really close to Harold Budd's first form of pure-contemplating piano ambient compositions. Do you think this new face of your art had a stronger relationship with that kind of ambient music?
A composer doesn't think in a vacuum, and all ideas are conditioned by what is or is not known in the time when he lives. I would say that may relationship to what Morton Feldman did in the genre of piano music is stronger. Harold Budd has too many notes in too short timeframes for my taste. But he sounds much nicer than Feldman!
Did you use other instruments too?
I would say the most important instrument on this album is not the piano, but the miking that we did (the positioning of the microphones). I used some tricks from the live-electronic toolbox, envelope follower for example, to create the elements that sound like synthesised.
The art of setting landscapes into music is something not so new in your career. Are you developing a precise path based on it or it's only one of your favourite way to evolve your soundscapes?
What is most important is precise observation. Of course, "landscape" has two sides: in whatever landscape you find yourself physically, you also stand inside your mental space. First, I need precise observation to notice the elements that are prevalent, and how they change and in what way. And this has two sides, the observer and the observed come together.
In the previous "Novaya Zemlya", you gave an important lesson about life-absence in music. Again, you took inspiration from a real place with its own – someway terrible – history. Did you conceive the album as your soundtrack for that place or again as a musical photography of it?
Yes, both. And also a third element, which is about the desire for sites (the title means "New Land" in russian) that you can not reach.
Do you think that sound research's results could be still considered as music, in the strict sense of the term?
Yes i do. But music does not really exist. It is a social practice determined by social structures. And these structures are themselves governed... This is why even at this point 2014 we still (are forced to) make the distinction between a refrigerator noise and a violin noise.
How did you obtain the sounds you used? It was purely field recording's sampling or you generated and treathed them via laptop?
It is a combined approach. I think the toolset is less important than the purity of the vision.
These last, very different albums came out for two incredible and very different labels: Touch and Denovali. What can you say about your experience with them?
Their contribution to music is really precious. I am very honoured to be able to contribute.
And instead, why did you left Mille Plateaux, with which you seem to had a really strong professional relationship?
Mille Plateaux left us. It died because of financial desaster. Real shame.
You also shared with Mille Plateaux some of the best moment from your past; or better, some of my favourite ones, such as "Kaamos" and "Daikan". I must also give them the merit to have introduced me to your early stuff: and when I listen to "Teimo" nowadays, I alwas think how wonderful it remains, 24 years after its first issue. What's your relationship with your artistic past? What albums from your discography do you still consider as your best/ favourites?
Strangely, to me the early works dont seem early at all. I would do it now in the same way again!
Do you give much important to the visual element in your live performances too?
Yes, I do. For many of my works I design special visuals for the live shows. It made me create a alter ego as a video artist. I am really interested in the relation of image and sound. But in the same way I know that no such relation exists – 2 separate senses are adressed that function independently – does not make it easier.
More in general, do you think your music suites well with live dimension's dynamics?
Ideally all my concerts would be an encounter, a meeting of the verticality of time and the given moment, with the lateral flow of sound in the spatial situation of a indoor/outdoor venue, shaped by the resonance of a very specific unique audience. I dont know if i can ever reach it in this ideal way, but the live dimension is absolutely essential.
How do you usually built up your live sets? Do you just improvise with samples and loops or do you also cut down some parts from your albums?
In an ideal situation i could develop a completely improvised set. In not so ideal situations it has to be a gradual approach, making diversions from existing compositions, leaving paths, trying to get somewhere where I haven't been before.
Are you going to bring "Tiento De Las Nieves" on stage? And will you have a pianist playing on stage with you?
Yes, we will bring it on stage along with the (shorter) pieces of the Vol.2 of the piano music that will be published next year. This will be wonderful, and a great challenge: "Tiento De Las Nieves" is a very difficult piece to perform. To keep the groove, the flow, the timing is essential, you need so much focus. We played this when we recorded, and believe me it is not the first take recording!
I know it's probably impossible to answer, but maybe you're already working on it: where your next issue is going to bring your sound research?
I think the adventure of sound is the vision of something which stands beyond, behind and within the passing flux of immediate things; something which is real, and yet waiting to be realized; something which is a remote possibility, and gives meaning to all : an infinite quest.
And finally, what projects are you working on in the next months?
A audiovisual live remix of movies Tron(1982)/Metropolis (1926) with a 360° projection (at Gaite Lyrique in Paris 6 Dec). Working with Jana Winderen on a series of live performances for 2015/16 at special sites and outdoor spaces. A remix of Rolf Julius "Black(Inside)" for CD release. Part 2 of the "Novaya Zemlya" trilogy. Vol.2 of the "Tiento" series for Denovali.


text:
#ifndef TENSORFLOW_LITE_MICRO_EXAMPLES_PERSON_DETECTION_ARDUINO_HM01B0_PLATFORM_H_
#define TENSORFLOW_LITE_MICRO_EXAMPLES_PERSON_DETECTION_ARDUINO_HM01B0_PLATFORM_H_

#if defined(ARDUINO) && defined(ARDUINO_SFE_EDGE)
#include "hm01b0_platform_edge.h"
#define HM01B0_PIN_TRIG 0  // unused
#define HM01B0_PIN_INT 0   // unused
#endif                     // defined(ARDUINO) && defined(ARDUINO_SFE_EDGE)

#endif  // TENSORFLOW_LITE_MICRO_EXAMPLES_PERSON_DETECTION_ARDUINO_HM01B0_PLATFORM_H_


text:
Animal Materials Working Group
Expert involvement in investigations
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Ethics in AWERB
General Data Protection Regulation and Research Integrity
Open Access and Doctoral Theses
Pre-prints vs Pre-proof/Pre-press
Predatory Journals and Publishers
Questionable Research Practices
RECs and animals
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Yogalates - could this be a life changing fitness trend?
Both Yoga and Pilates have long been favourites for their ability to tone and shape the body to perfection as well as providing an escape in today's fast paced world. Alex Mead discovers why this fitness trend is taking off.
Founded by Australian fitness guru, Louise Solomon, Yogalates is the latest fitness craze to capture the attention of women of all ages. A fusion of core strengthening and muscle toning known as Pilates, with the rejuvenating benefits of Yoga, it promises to give you the ultimate in body beautiful. Easily accessible it is now in New Zealand too, with studio's in Auckland and Dunedin, the most recent popping up in Britomart, Crossingxpaths. Founder Sophie Shieff, a commercial lawyer by day and Yogalates instructor by night, believes this new hybrid exercise is the best of both worlds. "It focuses on posture and core strength and isolating smaller muscle groups, while yoga focuses on enhancing flexibility, stretching and strengthening the body as a whole," says Shieff.
Life changing for those who are in sedentary jobs, Shieff says "Yogalates is the chance to take part in a class without visual stimulation and reawaken the body after being seated all day, is a real treat." Not only will this combination of practices, help transform your mind and body it could ultimately - change your life.
Here's a taste of the best moves from this new fitness discipline.


text:
Music News, NEWS
BLACK STONE FROM THE SUN Shining bright
Local punk lads Black Stone from the Sun are heading home to grace the stage at Badlands Bar after a run of shows over east.
The Saturday, June 23 show comes in celebration of their debut album Dreamalysis, recorded by The Love Junkies' frontman Mitch McDonald at Blackbird Studios.
Dreamalysis is the group's first material since 2015's Death Threats EP and is said to be a continuation of their trademark sound, but also marks a significant step into more sombre lyricism.
The show will be supported by a bundle of iconic Perth locals, specifically New Talk, Pat Chow, Candy Guts and The Psychotic Reactions.
Black Stone from the Sun perform at Badlands Bar on Saturday, June 23. Tickets are on sale now.


Tasty Tools Round Up: Ice Cream Makers!
For June, we highlighted ice cream makers! What a great time for ice cream and if you're not sure what flavor to try on your ice cream maker, hopefully the following flavors will help! If you don't have an ice cream maker, maybe this Tasty Tools post will encourage you to get one... look at all the wonderful ice cream recipes you'd be missing out on! Thanks to all that participated and for those who don't mind me giving some blog link love. If you missed this month, come join us in July when we highlight recipes using springform pans! Details are in my blog's left sidebar. Now... let's get our ice cream on by clicking the recipe links to these fellow bloggers!
YUM! All of these look amazing, and I'm definitely set for a while as far as ice cream recipes go. I can't wait to try these. Great Tasty Tools, Joelen!
Fabulous, Joelen! I am also looking for new recipes for my ice cream maker. You came through for me big time!
Thanks for picking up my recipe ... and I'm definitely starring this post in my google reader! SO many good recipes!


text:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using Dapper;
using TourDeFrance.Client.Requests;
using TourDeFrance.Core.Business.Database;
using TourDeFrance.Core.Exceptions;
using TourDeFrance.Core.Extensions;
using TourDeFrance.Core.Repositories.Interfaces;
using TourDeFrance.Core.Tools.Cache;
using TourDeFrance.Core.Tools.DataBase;
using Drink = TourDeFrance.Core.Business.Drink;
using SubDrink = TourDeFrance.Core.Business.SubDrink;

namespace TourDeFrance.Core.Repositories
{
	public class DrinkRepository : BaseRepository, IDrinkRepository
	{
		protected const string DrinkObjectName = "Drink";

		public Drink CreateDrink(string name, decimal? alcoholByVolume, decimal? volume, IEnumerable<SubDrinkDefinition> subDrinks)
		{
			name.EnsureIsNotEmpty("Name can't be empty");
			IList<SubDrinkDefinition> subDrinksList = subDrinks?.ToList() ?? new List<SubDrinkDefinition>();
			if (subDrinksList.Any())
			{
				foreach (var subDrink in subDrinksList)
				{
					subDrink.Volume.EnsureIsStrictlyPositive("Sub drink volume must be > 0");
				}
				alcoholByVolume = null;
				volume = null;
			}
			else
			{
				alcoholByVolume.EnsureIsNotNull("Alcohol by volume must be specified");
				volume.EnsureIsNotNull("Volume must be specified");
				alcoholByVolume?.EnsureIsPositive("Alcohol by volume must be >= 0");
				volume?.EnsureIsStrictlyPositive("Volume must be > 0");
			}

			using (var scope = new TransactionScope())
			{
				EnsureObjectWithSameNameDoesNotExist<DbDrink>(name, DrinkObjectName);
				DbDrink drink = new DbDrink {Name = name, AlcoholByVolume = alcoholByVolume, Volume = volume};
				drink.SetOwner();
				drink.BeforeInsert();
				scope.Connection.Insert(drink);

				foreach (var subDrink in subDrinksList)
				{
					Drink dbDrink = GetDrinkById(subDrink.DrinkId);
					if (dbDrink.IsComposedDrink)
					{
						throw new TourDeFranceException("Can't compose a drink with sub drink composed");
					}
					DbSubDrink dbSubDrink = new DbSubDrink
					{
						DrinkId = drink.Id,
						SubDrinkId = dbDrink.Id,
						Volume = subDrink.Volume
					};
					dbSubDrink.BeforeInsert();
					scope.Connection.Insert(dbSubDrink);
				}

				Drink result = GetDrinkById(drink.Id);
				Cache.Remove(drink.Id.GenerateCacheKey<Drink>());

				scope.Complete();
				return result;
			}
		}

		[InvalidateCache(types: new[] { typeof(Drink) }, typeArgumentOrders: new[] { 0 })]
		public Drink UpdateDrink(Guid id, string name, decimal? alcoholByVolume, decimal? volume, IEnumerable<SubDrinkDefinition> subDrinks)
		{
			name.EnsureIsNotEmpty("Name can't be empty");
			IList<SubDrinkDefinition> subDrinksList = subDrinks?.ToList() ?? new List<SubDrinkDefinition>();
			if (subDrinksList.Any())
			{
				if (subDrinksList.Any(x => x.DrinkId == id))
				{
					throw new ArgumentException("Can't compose a drink with self as sub drink");
				}
				foreach (var subDrink in subDrinksList)
				{
					subDrink.Volume.EnsureIsStrictlyPositive("Sub drink volume must be > 0");
				}
				alcoholByVolume = null;
				volume = null;
			}
			else
			{
				alcoholByVolume.EnsureIsNotNull("Alcohol by volume must be specified");
				volume.EnsureIsNotNull("Volume must be specified");
				alcoholByVolume?.EnsureIsPositive("Alcohol by volume must be >= 0");
				volume?.EnsureIsStrictlyPositive("Volume mus be > 0");
			}

			using (var scope = new TransactionScope())
			{
				DbDrink drink = GetDrinkById(id);
				EnsureUserHasRightToManipulateObject(drink, ActionType.Update, DrinkObjectName);
				EnsureObjectWithSameNameDoesNotExist(name, DrinkObjectName, drink);
				drink.Name = name;
				drink.AlcoholByVolume = alcoholByVolume;
				drink.Volume = volume;
				drink.BeforeUpdate();
				scope.Connection.Update<DbDrink>(drink);

				scope.Connection.DeleteAll<DbSubDrink>(x => x.DrinkId == drink.Id);
				foreach (var subDrink in subDrinksList)
				{
					Drink dbDrink = GetDrinkById(subDrink.DrinkId);
					if (dbDrink.IsComposedDrink)
					{
						throw new TourDeFranceException("Can't compose a drink with sub drink composed");
					}
					DbSubDrink dbSubDrink = new DbSubDrink
					{
						DrinkId = drink.Id,
						SubDrinkId = dbDrink.Id,
						Volume = subDrink.Volume
					};
					dbSubDrink.BeforeInsert();
					scope.Connection.Insert(dbSubDrink);
				}

				Cache.Remove(drink.Id.GenerateCacheKey<Drink>());
				Drink result = GetDrinkById(drink.Id);
				scope.Complete();
				return result;
			}
		}

		[InvalidateCache(types: new[] { typeof(Drink) }, typeArgumentOrders: new[] { 0 })]
		public Drink DeleteDrink(Guid id)
		{
			using (var scope = new TransactionScope())
			{
				Drink drink = GetDrinkById(id);
				EnsureUserHasRightToManipulateObject(drink, ActionType.Delete, DrinkObjectName);
				if (scope.Connection.Count<DbSubDrink>(x => x.SubDrinkId == drink.Id) > 0)
				{
					throw new TourDeFranceException("Can't delete a drink used in one or more composed drinks");
				}
				if (scope.Connection.Count<DbStageDrink>(x => x.DrinkId == drink.Id) > 0)
				{
					throw new TourDeFranceException("Can't delete a drink used in one or more stages");
				}
				scope.Connection.DeleteAll<DbSubDrink>(x => x.DrinkId == drink.Id);
				scope.Connection.DeleteAll<DbDrink>(x => x.Id == drink.Id);

				scope.Complete();
				return drink;
			}
		}

		[Cache(ArgumentOrder = 0)]
		public Drink GetDrinkById(Guid id, bool throwIfNotExist = true)
		{
			using (var scope = new TransactionScope())
			{
				Drink drink = GetDbObjectById<Drink>(id, DrinkObjectName, throwIfNotExist);
				var query = SubDrink.Sqlbuilder.Where<DbSubDrink>(x => x.DrinkId == drink.Id);
				drink.SubDrinks = scope.Connection.Query<SubDrink>(query.ToSql(), query.Parameters).ToList();
				scope.Complete();
				return drink;
			}
		}

		public Drink GetDrinkByName(string name, bool throwIfNotExist = true)
		{
			using (var scope = new TransactionScope())
			{
				Drink drink = GetDbObjectByName<Drink>(name, DrinkObjectName, throwIfNotExist);
				var query = SubDrink.Sqlbuilder.Where<DbSubDrink>(x => x.DrinkId == drink.Id);
				drink.SubDrinks = scope.Connection.Query<SubDrink>(query.ToSql(), query.Parameters).ToList();
				scope.Complete();
				return drink;
			}
		}

		public IEnumerable<Drink> GetAllDrinks()
		{
			using (var scope = new TransactionScope())
			{
				IList<Drink> drinks = GetAllDbObjects<Drink>().ToList();
				IList<SubDrink> subDrinks = scope.Connection.Query<SubDrink>(SubDrink.Sqlbuilder.ToSql(), SubDrink.Sqlbuilder.Parameters).ToList();
				foreach (var drink in drinks)
				{
					drink.SubDrinks = subDrinks.Where(x => x.DrinkId == drink.Id).ToList();
				}
				scope.Complete();
				return drinks;
			}
		}
	}
}