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The University of Tampa Graduate Schools
The University of Tampa (referred to as The University of Tampa) is a Private, 4 years school located in Tampa, FL. It is classified as Master's College and University (larger programs) school by Carnegie Classification and its highest level of offering is Master's degree. The 2021 graduate school tuition & fees at The University of Tampa is $11,546 in average. The school has 892 graduate students where it has a total enrollment of 9,333 including undergraduate students.
The University of Tampa Graduate School Overview
The University of Tampa (referred to as The University of Tampa) is a Private, 4 years school located in Tampa, FL. It is classified as Master's College and University (larger programs) school by Carnegie Classification and its highest level of offering is Master's degree.
The University of Tampa is accredited by Southern Association of Colleges and Schools, Commission on Colleges (1/1/1951 - Current).
The University of Tampa Directory Information
The University of Tampa (referred to as The University of Tampa)
401 W Kennedy Blvd, Tampa, FL 33606-1490
https://www.ut.edu
https://spartanweb.ut.edu/utadmapp
https://www.ut.edu/financialaid
The 2021 graduate school tuition & fees at The University of Tampa is $11,546 in average. The school has 892 graduate students where it has a total enrollment of 9,333 including undergraduate students.
It offers total 15 graduate programs through Post-Bachelor Certificate, Master's, Post-Master Certificate.
The University of Tampa Graduate School 2021 Key Facts
Post-Bachelor Certificate, Master's, Post-Master Certificate
The graduate tuition & fees at The University of Tampa is $11,546 in average for academic year 2020-2021. The tuition per credit hour is $655. The University of Tampa offers the alternative tuition plans.
The University of Tampa 2021 Graduate Program Tuition & Fees
On The University of Tampa campus, academic/career services, employment services for students, placement services for completers are provided for their students.
Special Learning Opportunities & On-campus Services at The University of Tampa
ROTC (Army, Navy, Air Force)
The University of Tampa 2021 Tuition, Fees, Other College Costs
For academic year 2020-2021, the graduate school tuition & fees of The University of Tampa is $11,546. The graduate tuition & fees are increased by 2.81% compared to previous academic year.
2020-2021 Graduate Tuition & fees at The University of Tampa
$10,584 $80
For academic year 2020-2021, the living costs are $16,156 when a student lives on-campus housing facilities (i.e. dormitory, school owned apartments, etc.) at The University of Tampa. On-campus living costs are increased by 2.55% compared to previous academic year. The off-campus living costs are $11,630. Off-campus living costs are stayed same compared to previous academic year.
2020-2021 Living Costs at The University of Tampa
$10,196 $3,280 $6,500 $3,630
For academic year 2020-2021, the tuition per credit hour for graduate programs is $655 at The University of Tampa. The graduate tuition per credit hour are increased by 2.83% compared to previous academic year.
2020-2021 Graduation Program Tuition per Credit Hour The University of Tampa
Graduate Programs at The University of Tampa
The University of Tampa offers 18 graduate programs for Master's, Doctorate, Post-Graduate Certificate. Next table lists number of programs by offered degree and online availability along with number of completers by degree/certificate programs. Last year, 440 students have completed their study at The University of Tampa.
Offered Degrees at The University of Tampa
Post Master's Degree
Next table shows the popular graduate programs at The University of Tampa by award level.
The most popular Post-graduate Certificate program is the Non-Profit/Public/Organizational Management program with 12 completers.
The most popular Master's program is the Business Administration and Management program with 139 completers.
The most popular Doctorate program is the program with 0 completers.
Popular Post-graduate Certificate Programs at The University of Tampa
Popular Master's Programs at The University of Tampa
✕ 139 $57,400
Popular Doctorate Programs at The University of Tampa
The University of Tampa offers 18 programs through Master's, Doctorate, Post-Graduate Certificate The programs are offered both in online and on-site education. Last year total 440 students have completed their studies.
1 students have earned/completed Post-Master's program.
Post-Master's
Computer And Information Sciences [+]
Computer and Information Systems Security/Information Assurance
Educational Leadership and Administration
English Language And Literature [+]
Social Sciences [+]
✕ 281 completers -
Marketing/Marketing Management
✔ 0 completers -
Nursing Practice
Post-Master's Programs and Number of Completers
Graduate Student Population at The University of Tampa
For academic year 2020-2021, total 948 students enrolled into The University of Tampa graduate schools where it has total 9,333 students including undergraduate students. By attending status, there are 352 full-time and 596 part-time students. By gender, 367 male and 581 female students are attending The University of Tampa graduate schools. Next table summarizes the graduate student population by gender and attending status for The University of Tampa.
Next tables summarize the students population by race/ethnicity at The University of Tampa.
There are 446 White (47.05%), 71 Black/African American (7.49%), 120 Hispanic (12.66%), 24 Asian (2.53%), and 287 students with other races. 153 students are enrolled with non-resident alien status.
Graduate Student Population By Race/ethnicity at The University of Tampa
The University of Tampa offers the distance learning opportunities (online degree program and/or courses) for graduate programs. 39 graduate students (4.11% of total students) are enrolled online exclusively and 194 graduate students (20.46% of total students) are enrolled some online courses. Next table summarizes the online student population for The University of Tampa.
Distance Learning Student Population at The University of Tampa
Similar Schools to The University of Tampa
Compare similar schools to The University of Tampa with admission, tuition, and more academic facts.
The University of Tampa vs. UCF
University of Central Florida (UCF) is a Public, 4 years school located in Orlando, FL. The 2021 graduate program tuition & fees is $8,872 for Florida residents and $27,715 for out-of-state students. The school has a total graduate enrollment of 9,654 and it offers total 105 graduate programs(28 online programs).
The University of Tampa vs. FAMU
Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University (FAMU) is a Public, 4 years school located in Tallahassee, FL. Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University is a historically black school.The 2021 graduate program tuition & fees is $9,876 for Florida residents and $23,965 for out-of-state students. The school has a total graduate enrollment of 1,884 and it offers total 38 graduate programs(3 online programs).
The University of Tampa vs. FAU
Florida Atlantic University (FAU) is a Public, 4 years school located in Boca Raton, FL. The 2021 graduate program tuition & fees is $6,693 for Florida residents and $17,921 for out-of-state students. The school has a total graduate enrollment of 5,396 and it offers total 108 graduate programs(16 online programs).
The University of Tampa vs. FIU
Florida International University (FIU) is a Public, 4 years school located in Miami, FL. The 2021 graduate program tuition & fees is $11,106 for Florida residents and $23,587 for out-of-state students. The school has a total graduate enrollment of 9,124 and it offers total 165 graduate programs(38 online programs).
The University of Tampa vs. FSU
Florida State University (FSU) is a Public, 4 years school located in Tallahassee, FL. The 2021 graduate program tuition & fees is $11,553 for Florida residents and $25,985 for out-of-state students. The school has a total graduate enrollment of 8,533 and it offers total 176 graduate programs(14 online programs).
The University of Tampa vs. Miami
University of Miami (Miami) is a Private, 4 years school located in Coral Gables, FL. The 2021 graduate program tuition & fees is $38,908 in average. The school has a total graduate enrollment of 6,214 and it offers total 152 graduate programs(11 online programs).
The University of Tampa vs. PBA
Palm Beach Atlantic University (PBA) is a Private, 4 years school located in West Palm Beach, FL. The 2021 graduate program tuition & fees is $10,840 in average. The school has a total graduate enrollment of 850 and it offers total 14 graduate programs(1 online programs).
The University of Tampa vs. USF
University of South Florida-Main Campus (USF) is a Public, 4 years school located in Tampa, FL. The 2021 graduate program tuition & fees is $10,428 for Florida residents and $21,126 for out-of-state students. The school has a total graduate enrollment of 11,606 and it offers total 150 graduate programs(23 online programs).
The University of Tampa vs. SEU
Southeastern University (SEU) is a Private, 4 years school located in Lakeland, FL. The 2021 graduate program tuition & fees is $13,430 in average. The school has a total graduate enrollment of 1,051 and it offers total 21 graduate programs(6 online programs).
The University of West Florida
The University of Tampa vs. The University of West Florida
The University of West Florida (The University of West Florida) is a Public, 4 years school located in Pensacola, FL. The 2021 graduate program tuition & fees is $9,062 for Florida residents and $24,140 for out-of-state students. The school has a total graduate enrollment of 3,114 and it offers total 33 graduate programs(14 online programs).
The University of Tampa vs. AMU
Ave Maria University (AMU) is a Private, 4 years school located in Ave Maria, FL. The 2021 graduate program tuition & fees is $14,516 in average. The school has a total graduate enrollment of 35 and it offers total 2 graduate programs(1 online programs).
USF-SP
The University of Tampa vs. USF-SP
University of South Florida-St Petersburg (USF-SP) is a Public, 4 years school located in St. Petersburg, FL. The 2021 graduate program tuition & fees is $10,226 for Florida residents and $20,924 for out-of-state students. The school has a total graduate enrollment of 574 and it offers total 14 graduate programs(3 online programs).
USF Sarasota-Manatee
The University of Tampa vs. USF Sarasota-Manatee
University of South Florida-Sarasota-Manatee (USF Sarasota-Manatee) is a Public, 4 years school located in Sarasota, FL. The 2021 graduate program tuition & fees is $10,039 for Florida residents and $20,737 for out-of-state students. The school has a total graduate enrollment of 152 and it offers total 8 graduate programs(2 online programs).
Florida Best Graduate Schools
Check out the best graduate programs in Florida and compare them to get right decision.
University of FloridaPublic, 4 yearsGainesville, FL
University of MiamiPrivate, 4 yearsCoral Gables, FL
Florida State UniversityPublic, 4 yearsTallahassee, FL
University of South Florida-Sarasota-ManateePublic, 4 yearsSarasota, FL
University of Central FloridaPublic, 4 yearsOrlando, FL
Florida International UniversityPublic, 4 yearsMiami, FL


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The 22 best podcasts to help you process the end of 2021
It's been hell.
Dec. 22, 2021, 8 p.m.
Best new podcasts of 2021
Audio storytelling is better than ever this year.
Nov. 24, 2021, 7:18 a.m.
Nov. 17, 2021, 11:34 p.m.
Nov. 3, 2021, 9:04 p.m.
Oct. 21, 2021, 1:23 a.m.
Meet the true crime podcaster making your guilty pleasure more ethical
'Truer Crime' is changing everyone's problematic fave for the better.
Oct. 14, 2021, 12:08 a.m.
Oct. 7, 2021, 12:30 a.m.
8 podcasts to teach kids about history, identity, and current events
These are age-appropriate ways to bolster the education they're getting in the classroom.
Sept. 8, 2021, 10:07 p.m.
Sept. 8, 2021, 9:30 p.m.
Episode 29: Mashable Pakistan Lab – Nutribiz 2021 Innovation Challenge - Winners
Mashable Pakistan Lab talks to Nausheen Barket (founder of Asqurr) and Azam Khan (head of operations of Farm to Home), about the causes of malnutrition in Pakistan, and what steps should we as an individual and the government must take to end this crisis from the country. Nausheen and Azam also shared details about their startups, what products they offer, and how they are playing their part in reducing malnutrition from Pakistan.
10 best podcasts to listen to if you love cooking
Inspiration for your next culinary masterpiece.
Sept. 2, 2021, 2:41 a.m.
A beginner's guide to podcasting: What apps and software do I need?
Start podcasting today.
Aug. 30, 2021, 10:12 p.m.
Aug. 25, 2021, 12:11 a.m.
Aug. 11, 2021, 8:16 p.m.
July 22, 2021, 1:23 a.m.
July 21, 2021, 9:49 p.m.
How to download podcasts
Listen to all your favorite podcasts offline.
July 13, 2021, 11:56 p.m.
How to play podcasts on your Amazon Alexa
Take your podcast listening to the next level.
July 10, 2021, 6 p.m.
July 9, 2021, 1:38 a.m.
Best podcasts for when you're on vacation, traveling, or taking a road trip
Let these podcasts take you away from it all.
July 7, 2021, 6 p.m.
The 7 best astrology, horoscope, and cosmic magic podcasts
Let your Airpods unlock what the stars hold for you.
June 27, 2021, 9:23 p.m.
The 18 best motivational podcasts that could change your life
With "normal" life returning, now might be the time to find some motivation.
How I fell in love with extremely long, kind of boring history podcasts
Full dad mode.
June 20, 2021, 11:21 p.m.
Facebook launches ads globally for Instagram Reels
Facebook to launch its own podcast platform next week
Trisha Paytas steps down from 'Frenemies' podcast after tense dispute on the show
Here is all you need to know about Graphology
5 True Crime podcasts that you need to add to your list
True Crime is a very popular podcast genre and given the influx of content in this format, at times it becomes hard to pick and choose.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The College of DuPage Board of Trustees on Thursday voted against spending $85,000 on an audit of payments of less than $15,000.
GLEN ELLYN – The College of DuPage Board of Trustees unanimously voted against auditing the school's imprest payments Thursday.
The seven trustees voted not to spend $85,000 to have Ernst & Young LLP evaluate the payments, each of which totals less than $15,000. Under board policy, the payments are not subject to trustee review.
The payments have been a hot-button issue during public comment at previous board meetings. Attendees have alleged the college has hidden $95 million since 2009 by funneling it through them.
The school refuted those claims at last month's board meeting with a lengthy presentation from college financial officials.
That didn't dissuade additional comments on the payments from surfacing Thursday, however, with several members of the public suggesting payments included hidden spending on items such as steaks for senior administrative officials, meals at Waterleaf Restaurant and $1,000 in alcohol for a Christmas party for trustees.
College President Robert Breuder said the school had nothing to hide and was willing to go through an audit to fight the "innuendo and misrepresentation."
"You want to spend the [$]85,000? Spend it," Breuder said to the board.
Board Vice Chairwoman Kathy Hamilton said spending $85,000 on an audit would be a "waste" and the board should instead include the payments in its documents every month.
"[The public] just want transparency," said Hamilton, who hoped to be able to place a vote to include the payments on next month's agenda.
Trustee Nancy Svoboda said she didn't think the audit was necessary either, and she is confident the college is spending its money properly.
"No matter what we do, there's going to be criticism," Svoboda said. "It doesn't seem like it would be the best interest of the college to vote for this."
Trustee Dianne McGuire took time during the meeting to address the attacks on the college, which she said came from "extremist, right-wing ideologues."
McGuire said there's "absolutely nothing illegal" about the payments and that the submission of more than 50 Freedom of Information Act requests by local watchdogs that resulted in the release of imprest payment statements was counterproductive.
"These are dollars that are actually wasted," she said.


Proper diagnosis and treatment help people with bipolar disorder lead. better understand bipolar disorder and predict which types of treatment will work most.
Aug 10, 2016. Treatment for bipolar disorder is focused on treating symptoms of mania/ hypomania and depression. Your doctor will show you how to manage.
There are pros—and cons—to treating depression and bipolar disorder with psychotherapy. Most people think of psychotherapy simply as counseling.
Oct 18, 2013. Several other medications have shown some limited efficacy for bipolar depression in combination with more typical treatments. Two studies.
Bipolar Depression Treatment & Medication Different Ways to Help Manage Bipolar Depression Symptoms. Once your doctor has decided bipolar depression is.
Understanding Bipolar Disorder. A Depression Residential Treatment Center truly tries to help their patients get over. Understanding Depression and Bipolar.
Oct 18, 2013. Bipolar disorder is a longitudinal disorder defined by multiple episodes that may occur years apart. As a result, the proper diagnosis requires.
Treating bipolar depression with antidepressants remains a popular option in clinical. in our understanding of bipolar depression than of unipolar depression ?
Bipolar disorder treatment program options are readily available to those who. it is imperative that you understand you are not alone and seek help right away.
Bipolar disorder is a longitudinal disorder defined by multiple episodes that may occur years apart. As a result, the proper diagnosis requires careful evaluation of.
May 13, 2017. One of the biggest hold-ups in pursuit of safer and more effective bipolar medications has been not understanding the treatments we already.
Bipolar Disorder Treatment Program Options. Bipolar disorder, sometimes referred to as manic-depressive disorder, is a type of brain disorder that results.
Understanding Bipolar Disorder — Treatment. In this Article In this Article. The antipsychotic quetiapine is approved to treat bipolar I or II depression.
Using PET Imaging to Understand How Lithium Works in Treating Bipolar Disease. Researchers will use PET imaging to determine how lithium acts on the.
Episodes of mania and depression typically recur across the life span. Between episodes, most people with bipolar disorder are free of symptoms, but as many as one.
Another effective drug with rapid onset for the treatment of bipolar depression is. or valproate for treating bipolar depression. Understanding Bipolar.
Learn more from WebMD about the symptoms of bipolar disorder.
Bipolar Disorder Is A Severe, Lifelong Medical Condition. That's why we do our best to put the client in the center of the treatment process and it's also why we.
Unlike people with bipolar disorder, people who have depression. understand bipolar disorder and. and other bipolar symptoms. An effective treatment plan.
This website is about "depression plus": more than plain depression. Weirder or more "up and down" — but not manic. If that sounds like your.
Nurse. Describe the basic signs and symptoms of patients living with bipolar depression and in particular those patients that appear to be inadequately treated.
These people may be suffering from an anxiety disorder, bipolar disorder, or both. even when not in a manic state, and lack of response to initial treatment.
Understanding bipolar disorder treatment. Bipolar disorder is a lifelong condition. It runs an unpredictable course of ups and downs. When left untreated, these.
Understanding the Larger Condition, Bipolar Disorder. controlled with treatment ; Bipolar disorder is sometimes referred to as manic depression; Some people.
Sep 15, 2016. There are many misconceptions about bipolar disorder, a lifelong disorder. in the diagnosis and treatment of bipolar disorder and depression.
Lithium and the anticonvulsants lamotrigine and valproate are mood stabilizers that are sometimes used "off label" as treatments for bipolar depression.
Treatment for bipolar and depression. Left untreated, both bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder can have a major impact on.
Understanding and Treating Bipolar:. com/health-report/bipolar-depression/bipolar. will hopefully make me more understanding of that which I often.
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Understanding And Treating Bipolar Depression 2019 5 out of 5 based on 169 ratings.


Looking for new recipe ideas to serve your vegetarian friends? Try this vegetarian meatloaf with glazed vegetables recipe for a delicious dish!
Heat the oven to 180 conventional / 160°C fan assisted / gas 3.
Grease the loaf pan with oil and scatter with sunflower seeds.
Place the lentils in a saucepan and cover with cold water.
Bring to a boil, cover and simmer for around 30 minutes until cooked but not disintegrating. Drain and let cool.
If the potatoes are very wet, squeeze to remove excess liquid. Place in a mixing bowl.
Add the onions, garlic, leek, turnip, pistachios, flour, eggs, lentils and parsley to the potatoes and mix well.
Season the mixture with salt, pepper and nutmeg and turn into the loaf pan.
Smooth the surface and bake for 40 minutes until golden brown.
Fry the vegetables in hot oil until slightly softened, add 2-3 tbsp of water, salt and pepper, cover and simmer for around 8 minutes until cooked through.
Remove the lid and allow the liquid to boil off, dust with confectioners' sugar and continue frying until the vegetables are glazed.
Arrange the vegetables on plates.
Turn the vegetarian meatloaf out of the pan, slice and arrange with the glazed vegetables.


text:
A nesztorianizmus egy krisztológiai irányzat, melynek követőit Nesztoriosz 5. századi konstantinápolyi pátriárka után nevezték el. Az irányzatot a katolikus egyház eretnekségnek nyilvánította.

A tanítás alapja

Isten és ember

Nesztoriosznak azt tulajdonították, hogy azt vallotta: Jézus Krisztusban csak külső, morális kötelék egyesített "két fiút", az isteni Logoszt és az ember Jézust. Szerinte a Logosz Jézusban  mint templomban lakozott. Állítása szerint Jézus képes volt a bűnre, de helytállása jutalmául isteni tulajdonságokat kapott.

Istenszülő vagy Krisztus anyja
Ennek következtében Mária nem is istenszülő  (theotokosz), hanem csak az ember Krisztust szülte. Az antiochiai iskola Krisztusban úgy szétválasztotta az isteni és emberi tulajdonságokat, hogy Máriát csak az ember Krisztus anyjának lehetett tekinteni. Nesztoriosz előnyben részesítette a khrisztotokosz vagy anthrópotokosz (=Krisztus-szülő) címet.

Az eretnekséggé nyilvánítás története
Nesztorioszt azzal vádolták, hogy két fiút vall és két Krisztust, az embert és az Istent, ezáltal felelevenítve Szamoszatai Pál (Szamoszatai Paulosz) (3. sz.) adopcianizmusát. Alexandriai Kürillosz fellépésében politikai és tanbeli elemek is keveredtek, de magatartásában valójában az Alexandria és Antiochia közötti hagyományos versengés éledt fel. Tipikusan alexandriai volt: Kürillosz álláspontja Krisztus emberi természetét alárendelte az isteni természetnek, jobban megragadta az egységet, az emberi és az isteni tulajdonságok különválasztása érdekében pedig kevésbé mutatkozott következetesnek. Kürillosz Nesztorioszhoz intézett 2. levele, valamint Nesztoriosz válasza (430) egyúttal a két iskola különbözőségét is tükrözte. A válságról mindketten tájékoztatták I. Celesztin római pápát († 432), aki – kevéssé ismerve a kérdést – Kürillosznak fogta pártját. A pápa 430 augusztusában egy római zsinatra hívta Nesztorioszt, hogy tévedése beismerésére bírja, és Kürilloszt bízta meg, hogy rendelkezését eljuttassa hozzá. Kürillosz ezt csak novemberben adta át, a Tizenkét anatémával együtt.

Ezek a legradikálisabb módon képviselték az alexandriai krisztológiát, egyebek között Krisztus emberi és isteni természetének egysége is szerepelt köztük, melyet egyetlen antiochiai teológus sem írt volna alá. Közben Kürillosz a császártól zsinat összehívását kérte.

A zsinat 431-ben Epheszoszban ült össze. Az epheszoszi zsinat elítélte Nesztorioszt, majd az ő hívei pedig Kürilloszt. II. Theodosius bizánci császár mindkét elítélést elfogadta.

Nesztoriosz lemondott pátriárkai hivatalától, kolostorba vonult, majd végül egy egyiptomi sivatagi oázisba (Kharga) száműzték. Követőit is száműzték a Római Birodalomból, de Perzsiában, Arábiában és Indiában továbbra is fennmaradtak. Nesztoriosz hívei csatlakoztak az ottani keresztény közösségekhez. Innen és ettől kezdve terjedt el az Asszír Keleti Egyház elnevezése mint Nesztoriánus Egyház. A mozgalom eljutott egészen Kínáig.

Kapcsolódó cikkek
 Krisztológia
 Istenember
 Nesztoriosz

Jegyzetek

Források
 Kránitz Mihály, Szopkó Márk: Teológiai kulcsfogalmak szótára, 2001
 Gecse Gusztáv: Vallástörténeti kislexikon, 1975

További információk
    Obrusánszky Borbála: A nesztoriánus vallás elterjedése és jelentősége Belső-Ázsiában, Farkas Lőrinc Imre Kiadó, Kerepes, 2006
    Ivánka Endre: A nestorianizmus és a monophysitizmus szellemtörténeti háttere, 1-2.; Stephaneum Ny., Budapest, 1936
Obrusánszky Borbála: A nesztoriánus kereszténység; Farkas Lőrinc Imre Kiadó, Kerepes, 2006

Keresztény teológia

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


She handed me a wrapped package, stating that it was Volume I of the Reader's Digest Condensed Series, where they take long classical novels and condense them at the rate of four per month, contained in one volume. My mother then told me that one of my tenth birthday presents was a monthly subscription to the series, in order for me to continue developing my mind. She said the best birthday present she could give to me as I turned ten was a reminder to read a book every day of my life. She made sure that her point was made clear to me by giving me what I'd later remember as the last hug of my childhood from her, and the words, "If you read a book every day, you only need to survive 'til age sixty-five, my son, and I promise you'll be a wise old man."
Now, with a thousand days and more behind me, it was disconcerting to recognize that there are not enough years to read THE best one hundred thousand great books. Even if I made it to twenty thousand in one lifetime at the cost of getting a bit less from each one, that still leaves tens of thousands of tomes or screenplays, drafts or treatments that will never be sipped or gulped. That can be frustrating, which requires an offset, a resolution, a better focus of energy upon. You agree that frustration is better utilized as an asset instead of allowing it to be an obstacle?
They prove that they are notably more intelligent -- even with the burden of ignorance -- because they do not possess much in the way of knowledge... they simply squeeze their lemons harder... and more often... than the rest of the populace.


text:
Cultures Contexts
Essays on global issues, present and past
Peter Hess
Potassium Iodide for the Masses
In early November 2014, my mother who lives in Switzerland received a small package in the mail from the Swiss Army Pharmacy (Armeeapoteke) which contains 12 potassium iodide pills. It was mailed to all 4.9 million Swiss residents who live within 50 km (about 30 miles) of a nuclear power plant, to be used in case of a nuclear accident, paid for by the operators of the Swiss nuclear reactors. As Switzerland has a resident population of about 8.2 million, 60% of all Swiss residents received such a package. The astounding fact, of course, is that 60% of Swiss residents live within 30 miles of a nuclear power plant, including residents of the Zurich, Basel and Bern metro areas.
60% of Swiss residents live within 50 km of a nuclear power plant (red dots)
Switzerland has five operating nuclear power plants–one of the highest per capita rates in the world. They were put into service between 1969 and 1984. Current plans call for the retirement of all stations between 2019 and 2034–which would give each plant a fifty-year life span. There are no plans to replace the current plants, but it is unclear if enough alternative energy can be generated to make this plan work.
The distribution of potassium iodine happens every ten years in Switzerland–with the innovation this year that the radius was expanded from 20 to 50 km. It is an interesting scheme which only is thinkable in a highly organized small country as the logistical challenges and the political pitfalls of such an endeavor are substantial in the best of circumstances. It also is indicative of a reactive, defensive stance typical of small countries: small countries rarely have the means to determine their own destinies. They tend to be caught in a web of dependencies consisting of larger nations or international organizations. Therefore, their actions tend to respond to the external circumstances they cannot control nor change.
Form a public policy viewpoint, this initiative is a dicey proposition. On one hand, it represents an admission by the Swiss federal government that nuclear power is potentially unsafe which may erode public support for nuclear power in a small country that heavily depends on it. On the other hand, it represents an effort of a responsible government that seeks to protect its civilian population against possible dangers. The protection of the civil population has a long tradition that goes back to the early years of the Cold War over which neutral Switzerland had little influence.
The Mühleberg nuclear power plant is located in a densely populated area just outside of Bern. (Source: Wikipedia)
While Switzerland of course controls its own nuclear power program, the potassium iodine program follows the same small-state action pattern: it accepts the existence of nuclear power generation, on which Switzerland depends, as the status quo. In a sense it also downplays the true possible consequences of a nuclear accident experiences in the disasters at Chernobyl (1986) and Fukushima (2011). It blocks out the unthinkable questions of what happens if entire landscapes where millions live become uninhabitable, and it does not consider if and to what extent potassium iodide is effective against the fallout of a nuclear accident. Therefore it also could be argued that the Swiss government is creating a false sense of security while camouflaging the real impact of a nuclear disaster.
Environmentalists point to all these pitfalls. Greenpeace, in fact, sent an official-looking flier to all affected households in which ambiguous language raises doubt about this government program it pretends to support and about the nuclear program in general. Residents are urged to seek more information at the http://www.info-jod.ch/ web site whose URL looks very official as well. Only the web site itself makes it clear that this is a Greenpeace effort that has nothing to do with the Swiss government, and further links are clearly marked as Greenpeace pages.
Such a broad distribution of potatssium iodide would be unthinkable in the United States. The web site of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevenction (CDC) contains some information, but citizens have to actively seek it. Furthermore, the web site explains in some detail how the medication should be administered in the case of a nuclear emergency but does not instruct the public in how to gain access to it. By comparison, the Swiss openness about this program and about the inherent risks of nuclear power are remarkable. What is not clear yet is how this Swiss government program will move the public perception of nuclear power and whether this will reduce its acceptance in Switzerland.
This entry was posted in Small States and tagged CDC, Centers for Disease Control, Greenpeace, Kaliumiodid, KI, nuclear power, nuclear power station, potassium iodide, Switzerland on January 4, 2015 by Peter Hess.
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text:
using namespace Chameleon;

#define  LOG_TAG    "chameleon"
#define  LOGD(...)  __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG,LOG_TAG,__VA_ARGS__)
#define  LOGI(...)  __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_INFO,LOG_TAG,__VA_ARGS__)
#define  LOGW(...)  __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_WARN,LOG_TAG,__VA_ARGS__)
#define  LOGE(...)  __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_ERROR,LOG_TAG,__VA_ARGS__)
#define  LOGF(...)  __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_FATAL,LOG_TAG,__VA_ARGS__)

static const char * PLATFORMAPI_CLASS = "prj/chameleon/channelapi/cbinding/NativeChannelInterface";

static std::string g_channelName;

class ChannelAPILib {
public:
    ChannelAPILib(): mJavaVM(NULL) {
    }

    JNIEnv * GetEnv() {
        JNIEnv * env = NULL;
        jint ret = mJavaVM->GetEnv((void**)&env, JNI_VERSION_1_4);
        if (ret != JNI_OK) {
            LOGE("VM is not attached in this thread!!!");
            return NULL;
        }
        return env;
    }
    JavaVM* mJavaVM;
    ChannelAPICallbackInf* mCb;
};

ChannelAPILib  g_apiLib;

enum {
    FUNC_ID_LOGIN_GUEST = 0,
    FUNC_ID_REGIST_GUEST,
    FUNC_ID_LOGIN,
    FUNC_ID_CHARGE,
    FUNC_ID_BUY,
    FUNC_ID_LOGOUT,
    FUNC_ID_IS_SUPPORT_SA,
    FUNC_ID_SWITCH_ACCOUNT,
    FUNC_ID_CREATE_TOOLBAR,
    FUNC_ID_SHOW_TOOLBAR,
    FUNC_ID_DESTROY_TOOLBAR,
    FUNC_ID_ANTI_ADDICTION,
    FUNC_ID_EXIT,
    FUNC_ID_GET_CHANNEL,
    FUNC_ID_RUN_PROTOCOL,
    FUNC_ID_GET_UID,
    FUNC_ID_GET_TOKEN,
    FUNC_ID_IS_LOGINED,
    FUNC_ID_GET_PAYTOKEN,
    FUNC_ID_ONLOGINRSP,
    FUNC_ID_COUNT
};

static const char *FUNC_TYPE[][2] = {
    {"loginGuest", "(I)V"},                            // loginGuest
    {"registGuest", "(I[B)Z"},        // registGuest
    {"login", "(I)V"},                                 // login
    {"charge", "(I[B[B[B[B[B[BIIZ)V"},  // charge
    {"buy", "(I[B[B[B[B[B[B[BII)V"}, // buy
    {"logout", "()V"},
    {"isSupportSwitchAccount", "()Z"},
    {"switchAccount", "(I)V"},
    {"createAndShowToolBar", "(I)V"},
    {"showFloatBar", "(Z)V"},
    {"destroyToolBar", "()V"},
    {"antiAddiction", "(I)V"},
    {"exit", "()V"},
    {"getChannelName", "()[B"},
    {"runProtocol", "(I[B[B)V"},
    {"getUid", "()[B"},
    {"getToken", "()[B"},
    {"isLogined", "()Z"},
    {"getPayToken", "()[B"},
    {"onLoginRsp", "([B)Z"}
};

template<typename T>
int callJniMethod(JNIEnv * env, int funcCode, T* result, ...) {
    assert(funcCode >= 0 && funcCode < FUNC_ID_COUNT);
    jclass cplatformAPI = env->FindClass(PLATFORMAPI_CLASS);
    if (cplatformAPI == NULL) {
        LOGF("fail to find class");
        return -1;
    }
    jmethodID mid = env->GetStaticMethodID(cplatformAPI, FUNC_TYPE[funcCode][0], FUNC_TYPE[funcCode][1]);
    if (mid == NULL) {
        LOGF("fail to find static method %s", FUNC_TYPE[funcCode][0]);
        return -1;
    }
    va_list args;
    va_start(args, result);
    int ret = JniHelper::doCallJniMethod<T>(env, cplatformAPI, mid, result, args);
    jthrowable throwable = env->ExceptionOccurred();
    if (throwable != NULL) {
        LOGE("encounter java exception");
        return -1;
    }
    return ret;
}

JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_prj_chameleon_channelapi_cbinding_ChannelAPINative_init
  (JNIEnv * env, jclass clazz, jboolean isDebug, jbyteArray platformName) {
    jclass cplatformAPI = env->FindClass(PLATFORMAPI_CLASS);
    if (cplatformAPI == NULL) {
        jthrowable throwable = env->ExceptionOccurred();
        env->ExceptionClear();
        if (throwable == NULL) {
            env->Throw(throwable);
        } else {
            env->ThrowNew(env->FindClass("java/lang/Exception"), "Fail to get CPlatformAPILib");
        }
        return;
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < FUNC_ID_COUNT; ++i) {
        jmethodID mid = env->GetStaticMethodID(cplatformAPI, FUNC_TYPE[i][0], FUNC_TYPE[i][1]);
        jthrowable throwable = env->ExceptionOccurred();
        if (throwable != NULL) {
            env->ExceptionClear();
            env->Throw(throwable);
            return;
        }
    }
    g_channelName = JniHelper::ConvertByteArray(env, platformName);
    LOGE("get platform name %s", g_channelName.c_str());
}

JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_prj_chameleon_channelapi_cbinding_ChannelAPINative_preAccountSwitch(JNIEnv * env, jclass clazz) {
    if (!g_apiLib.mCb) {
        LOGW("There is not callback registered");
        return;
    }
    g_apiLib.mCb->preAccountSwitch();
}

JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_prj_chameleon_channelapi_cbinding_ChannelAPINative_afterAccountSwitch(JNIEnv * env, jclass clazz, jint code, jbyteArray loginInfo) {
    if (!g_apiLib.mCb) {
        LOGW("There is not callback registered");
        return;
    }
    if (code != 0) {
        g_apiLib.mCb->afterAccountSwitch(code, NULL);
    }
    std::string sLoginInfo = JniHelper::ConvertByteArray(env, loginInfo);
    g_apiLib.mCb->afterAccountSwitch(0, &sLoginInfo);
}

JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_prj_chameleon_channelapi_cbinding_ChannelAPINative_onAccountLogout(JNIEnv * env, jclass clazz) {
    if (!g_apiLib.mCb) {
        LOGW("There is not callback registered");
        return;
    }
    g_apiLib.mCb->onAccountLogout();
}

JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_prj_chameleon_channelapi_cbinding_ChannelAPINative_onGuestBind (JNIEnv * env, jclass clazz, jbyteArray loginInfo) {
    if (!g_apiLib.mCb) {
        LOGW("There is not callback registered");
        return;
    }
    std::string sLoginInfo = JniHelper::ConvertByteArray(env, loginInfo);
    g_apiLib.mCb->onGuestBind(sLoginInfo);
}

JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_prj_chameleon_channelapi_cbinding_ChannelAPINative_onLoginGuest(JNIEnv *, jclass, jint id, jint code) {
    if (!g_apiLib.mCb) {
        LOGW("There is not callback registered");
        return;
    }
    g_apiLib.mCb->onLoginGuest(id, code);
}

JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_prj_chameleon_channelapi_cbinding_ChannelAPINative_onLogin(JNIEnv * env, jclass clazz, jint id, jint code, jbyteArray loginInfo) {
    if (!g_apiLib.mCb) {
        LOGW("There is not callback registered");
        return;
    }
    if (code == Chameleon::CHAMELEON_ERR_OK ) {
        std::string sLoginInfo = JniHelper::ConvertByteArray(env, loginInfo);
        g_apiLib.mCb->onLogin(id, code, &sLoginInfo);
    } else {
        g_apiLib.mCb->onLogin(id, code, NULL);
    }
    LOGD("after callback on login");
}

JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_prj_chameleon_channelapi_cbinding_ChannelAPINative_onRegistGuest(JNIEnv * env, jclass clazz, jint id, jint code, jbyteArray loginInfo) {
    if (!g_apiLib.mCb) {
        LOGW("There is not callback registered");
        return;
    }
    std::string sLoginInfo = JniHelper::ConvertByteArray(env, loginInfo);
    g_apiLib.mCb->onRegistGuest(id, code, &sLoginInfo);
}

JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_prj_chameleon_channelapi_cbinding_ChannelAPINative_onCharge(JNIEnv *, jclass, jint id, jint code) {
    if (!g_apiLib.mCb) {
        LOGW("There is not callback registered");
        return;
    }
    g_apiLib.mCb->onCharge(id, code);
}

JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_prj_chameleon_channelapi_cbinding_ChannelAPINative_onBuy(JNIEnv *, jclass, jint id, jint code) {
    if (!g_apiLib.mCb) {
        LOGW("There is not callback registered");
        return;
    }
    g_apiLib.mCb->onBuy(id, code);
}

JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_prj_chameleon_channelapi_cbinding_ChannelAPINative_onSwitchAccount(JNIEnv * env, jclass clazz, jint id, jint code, jbyteArray loginInfo) {
    LOGE("switch account user %d", code);
    if (!g_apiLib.mCb) {
        LOGW("There is not callback registered");
        return;
    }
    if (code == Chameleon::CHAMELEON_ERR_OK ) {
        std::string sLoginInfo = JniHelper::ConvertByteArray(env, loginInfo);
        g_apiLib.mCb->onSwitchAccount(id, code, &sLoginInfo);
    } else {
        g_apiLib.mCb->onSwitchAccount(id, code, NULL);
    }
}

JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_prj_chameleon_channelapi_cbinding_ChannelAPINative_onPause(JNIEnv *, jclass) {
    if (!g_apiLib.mCb) {
        LOGW("There is not callback registered");
        return;
    }
    g_apiLib.mCb->onResume();
}

void JNICALL Java_prj_chameleon_channelapi_cbinding_ChannelAPINative_onExit(JNIEnv *, jclass) {
    if (!g_apiLib.mCb) {
        LOGW("There is not callback registered");
        return;
    }
    g_apiLib.mCb->onExit();
}

JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_prj_chameleon_channelapi_cbinding_ChannelAPINative_onAntiAddiction(JNIEnv *, jclass, jint id, jint code, jint flag) {
    if (!g_apiLib.mCb) {
        LOGW("There is not callback registered");
        return;
    }
    g_apiLib.mCb->onAntiAddiction(id, code, flag);
}

JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_prj_chameleon_channelapi_cbinding_ChannelAPINative_onProtocolDone
  (JNIEnv * env, jclass, jint id, jint code, jbyteArray protocol, jbyteArray message) {

    if (!g_apiLib.mCb) {
        LOGW("There is not callback registered");
        return;
    }

    if (code == Chameleon::CHAMELEON_ERR_OK) {
        std::string strProtocol = JniHelper::ConvertByteArray(env, protocol);
        std::string strMessage = JniHelper::ConvertByteArray(env, message);
        g_apiLib.mCb->onRunProtocol(id, code, strProtocol, strMessage);
    } else {
        g_apiLib.mCb->onRunProtocol(id, code, "", "");
    }

}

/////////////////////////////// ChameleonChannelAPI
namespace Chameleon {
namespace ChameleonChannelAPI {
void registCallback(ChannelAPICallbackInf * callbackImp) {
    g_apiLib.mCb = callbackImp;
}

int loginGuest(int id) {
    void * result = NULL;
    JNIEnv * env = g_apiLib.GetEnv();
    if (env == NULL) {
        return -1;
    }
    return callJniMethod(env, FUNC_ID_LOGIN_GUEST, result, (jint)id);
}

int registGuest(int id, const std::string & tips) {
    bool result = false;
    JNIEnv * env = g_apiLib.GetEnv();
    if (env == NULL) {
        return -1;
    }
    JniHelper::LocalByteArray jTips =
        JniHelper::ConvertToByteArray(env, tips.c_str(), tips.size());
    callJniMethod(env, FUNC_ID_REGIST_GUEST, &result, (jint)id, jTips.Ref());
    return result;
}

int login(int id) {
    void * result = NULL;
    JNIEnv * env = g_apiLib.GetEnv();
    if (env == NULL) {
        return -1;
    }
    return callJniMethod(env, FUNC_ID_LOGIN, result, (jint)id);
}

int charge(int id,
           const std::string & orderId,
           const std::string & uidInGame,
           const std::string & userNameInGame,
           const std::string & serverId,
           const std::string & currencyName,
           const std::string & payInfo,
           int rate,
           int realPayMoney,
           bool allowUserChange) {
    void * result = NULL;
    JNIEnv * env = g_apiLib.GetEnv();
    if (env == NULL) {
        return -1;
    }
    JniHelper::LocalByteArray jOrderId =
        JniHelper::ConvertToByteArray(env, orderId.c_str(), orderId.size());
    JniHelper::LocalByteArray jUidInGame =
        JniHelper::ConvertToByteArray(env, uidInGame.c_str(), uidInGame.size());
    JniHelper::LocalByteArray jUserNameInGame =
        JniHelper::ConvertToByteArray(env, userNameInGame.c_str(), userNameInGame.size());
    JniHelper::LocalByteArray jServerId =
        JniHelper::ConvertToByteArray(env, serverId.c_str(), serverId.size());
    JniHelper::LocalByteArray jCurrencyName =
        JniHelper::ConvertToByteArray(env, currencyName.c_str(), currencyName.size());
    JniHelper::LocalByteArray jPayInfo =
        JniHelper::ConvertToByteArray(env, payInfo.c_str(), payInfo.size());
    return callJniMethod(env,
                         FUNC_ID_CHARGE,
                         result,
                         (jint)id,
                         jOrderId.Ref(),
                         jUidInGame.Ref(),
                         jUserNameInGame.Ref(),
                         jServerId.Ref(),
                         jCurrencyName.Ref(),
                         jPayInfo.Ref(),
                         (jint)rate,
                         (jint)realPayMoney,
                         allowUserChange ? JNI_TRUE : JNI_FALSE);
}

int buy(int id,
        const std::string & orderId,
        const std::string & uidInGame,
        const std::string & userNameInGame,
        const std::string & serverId,
        const std::string & productName,
        const std::string & productId,
        const std::string & payInfo,
        int productCount,
        int realPayMoney) {
    void * result = NULL;
    JNIEnv * env = g_apiLib.GetEnv();
    if (env == NULL) {
        return -1;
    }
    JniHelper::LocalByteArray jOrderId =
        JniHelper::ConvertToByteArray(env, orderId.c_str(), orderId.size());
    JniHelper::LocalByteArray jUidInGame =
        JniHelper::ConvertToByteArray(env, uidInGame.c_str(), uidInGame.size());
    JniHelper::LocalByteArray jUserNameInGame =
        JniHelper::ConvertToByteArray(env, userNameInGame.c_str(), userNameInGame.size());
    JniHelper::LocalByteArray jServerId =
        JniHelper::ConvertToByteArray(env, serverId.c_str(), serverId.size());
    JniHelper::LocalByteArray jProductName =
        JniHelper::ConvertToByteArray(env, productName.c_str(), productName.size());
    JniHelper::LocalByteArray jProductId =
        JniHelper::ConvertToByteArray(env, productId.c_str(), productId.size());
    JniHelper::LocalByteArray jPayInfo =
        JniHelper::ConvertToByteArray(env, payInfo.c_str(), payInfo.size());
    return callJniMethod(env,
                         FUNC_ID_BUY,
                         result,
                         (jint)id,
                         jOrderId.Ref(),
                         jUidInGame.Ref(),
                         jUserNameInGame.Ref(),
                         jServerId.Ref(),
                         jProductName.Ref(),
                         jProductId.Ref(),
                         jPayInfo.Ref(),
                         (jint)productCount,
                         (jint)realPayMoney);
}

bool isSupportSwtichAccount() {
    bool result = false;
    JNIEnv * env = g_apiLib.GetEnv();
    if (env == NULL) {
        return -1;
    }
    callJniMethod(env, FUNC_ID_IS_SUPPORT_SA, &result);
    return result;
}

int switchAccount(int id) {
    void * result = NULL;
    JNIEnv * env = g_apiLib.GetEnv();
    if (env == NULL) {
        return -1;
    }
    return callJniMethod(env, FUNC_ID_SWITCH_ACCOUNT, result, (jint)id);
}

int createAndShowToolbar(int position) {
    void * result = NULL;
    JNIEnv * env = g_apiLib.GetEnv();
    if (env == NULL) {
        return -1;
    }
    callJniMethod(env, FUNC_ID_CREATE_TOOLBAR, result, (jint)position);
    return 0;
}

void showToolbar(bool isVisible) {
    void * result = NULL;
    JNIEnv * env = g_apiLib.GetEnv();
    if (env == NULL) {
        return;
    }
    callJniMethod(env, FUNC_ID_CREATE_TOOLBAR, result, isVisible ? JNI_TRUE : JNI_FALSE);
}

void destroyToolbar() {
    void * result = NULL;
    JNIEnv * env = g_apiLib.GetEnv();
    if (env == NULL) {
        return;
    }
    callJniMethod(env, FUNC_ID_DESTROY_TOOLBAR, result);
}

int antiAddiction(int id) {
    void * result = NULL;
    JNIEnv * env = g_apiLib.GetEnv();
    if (env == NULL) {
        return -1;
    }
    return callJniMethod(env, FUNC_ID_ANTI_ADDICTION, result, (jint)id);
}

int destroy(int id) {
    void * result = NULL;
    JNIEnv * env = g_apiLib.GetEnv();
    if (env == NULL) {
        return -1;
    }
    return callJniMethod(env, FUNC_ID_EXIT, result);
}

void setJavaVM(JavaVM * vm) {
    g_apiLib.mJavaVM = vm;
}

void releaseJavaVM(JavaVM * vm) {
    if (g_apiLib.mJavaVM == vm) {
        g_apiLib.mJavaVM = NULL;
    }
}

std::string getChannelName() {
    LOGE("channel name %s", g_channelName.c_str());
    return g_channelName;
}

std::string getUid() {
    JNIEnv * env = g_apiLib.GetEnv();
    if (env == NULL) {
        return "";
    }
    std::string uid;
    int ret = callJniMethod(env, FUNC_ID_GET_UID, &uid);
    if (ret == 0) {
        return uid;
    } else {
        return "";
    }
}

std::string getToken() {
    JNIEnv * env = g_apiLib.GetEnv();
    if (env == NULL) {
        return "";
    }
    std::string token;
    int ret = callJniMethod(env, FUNC_ID_GET_TOKEN, &token);
    if (ret == 0) {
        return token;
    } else {
        return "";
    }
}

std::string getPayToken() {
    JNIEnv * env = g_apiLib.GetEnv();
    if (env == NULL) {
        return "";
    }
    std::string token;
    int ret = callJniMethod(env, FUNC_ID_GET_PAYTOKEN, &token);
    if (ret == 0) {
        return token;
    } else {
        return "";
    }
}

bool isLogined() {
    bool result = false;
    JNIEnv * env = g_apiLib.GetEnv();
    if (env == NULL) {
        return false;
    }
    callJniMethod(env, FUNC_ID_IS_LOGINED, &result);
    return result;
}

bool onLoginRsp (const std::string & rsp) {
    JNIEnv * env = g_apiLib.GetEnv();
    if (env == NULL) {
        return "";
    }
    bool result;
    JniHelper::LocalByteArray jRsp =
        JniHelper::ConvertToByteArray(env, rsp.c_str(), rsp.size());
    int ret = callJniMethod(env, FUNC_ID_ONLOGINRSP, &result, jRsp.Ref());
    if (ret == 0) {
        return result;
    } else {
        return false;
    }
}

}  // ChameleonChannelAPI
}  // Chameleon

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Although not jumping into the pet supply game until recently, Amazon is already rivaling online giant Chewy.com. Amazon is close to Chewy in unbranded searches on Google and Amazon, like Chewy, launched a private label of pet products earlier this year.
As Chewy fights to dominate the category, the marketplace has prioritized spending on Google and has been able to dominate text and shopping ad visibility.
According to the latest report from GartnerL2, Amazon now gets 38% of all organic hits on pet care, just 1% less than Chewy. And in some categories, such as high-volume products and natural and grain-free, Amazon has surpassed Chewy in organic searches. The only space where Chewy is not currently being threatened by Amazon is the dietary space.
Almost half of Amazon's organic searches result in shoppable product pages. And 71% of Chewy's organic results drive customers to category pages, which then enables comparison shopping. Therefore, Chewy is behind Amazon on leading customers down the easier path to purchase.
On the flip side, Chewy beats Amazon on text and shopping ads, appearing in 69% and 76% of unbranded search results.
In early May, Amazon officially launched Wag, with an initial focus on dry dog food. While the company mostly supports the brand through headline search ads, the private label brand is not yet significant on organic visibility. And Chewy's private label, American Journey, shows up on the company's homepage and curated lists, highlighting deals and discounts that stand out. Brands looking to get ahead on Chewy should be looking to American Journey for merchandising ideas.
Nicolas Bureau, senior associate at L2, said the battle for the online pet category is fought first and foremost on Google. And although Chewy currently dominates search visibility texts ads and shopping ads, Petco, Petsmart and Amazon stand out organically.
"Many retailers lack features or content that help brands with informing consumers about their products," Bureau told FierceRetail. "Chewy excels in that aspect by providing an immersive, conversion-oriented experience with instructions for product use, and its own high-quality promotional videos that highlight products and build brands' equity."
Therefore, Bureau recommends that retailers willing to get noticed online must invest in SEO and SEM to attract online shoppers, build merchandising features on their sites to help brands engage with pet owners, and convert site visits into sales.
The pet care industry is seeing tremendous growth and will continue to grow as pet ownership is increasing in mature markets.
"An increasing share of these sales are occurring online, where consumers are investing in product research," Bureau said. "Small brands have capitalized on health and wellness trends to capture online sales, and large CPG firms have started noticing. The entrance of big players—such as General Mills that acquired pet food brand Blue Buffalo for $8 billion earlier this year—suggests that the pet care industry will continue to flourish in the foreseeable future."


text:
Prince George's County Joins D.C. In Plastic Straw Ban The legislation has exemptions for people with disabilities and retail establishments.
From NPR station
WAMU 88.5
Prince George's County Joins D.C. In Plastic Straw Ban
November 20, 20199:49 AM ET
Dominique Maria Bonessi
Restaurants will be asked to keep a limited supply of plastic straws for customers with disabilities. Mr.TinDC/Flickr hide caption
Mr.TinDC/Flickr
Prince George's County has joined surrounding jurisdictions in banning single-use plastic straws.
The county's council voted unanimously Tuesday to ban the sale or distribution of plastic straws and stirrers at all county restaurants and retail establishments. The legislation now goes for approval to County Executive Angela Alsobrooks. Similar legislation has already been in effect in the District, the City of Takoma Park and Charles County in southern Maryland.
Council member Jolene Ivey said she learned about the issue of single-use plastic straws during her visit with students at Kenmore Middle School's environmental topics committee in Landover. The students gave her the school cafeteria's traditional plastic spork and straw wrapped in clear plastic.
"If you count every student at Kenmore, if you count every student in our school system, there are 25,272,000 of these (straws) every year," Ivey told the council while holding up the plastic. "Those little tiny straws in here, they don't even use them. Why it's included is a mystery."
But, an outright ban on straws is a concern for people with disabilities, and brick and mortar retail establishments.
"Banning the sale of plastic straws in brick and mortar stores in Prince George's County would only result in the members of the disability community having to seek out those items online," said Sarah Price, legislative associate with Maryland's Retail Association.
The bill does have an exemption for people with disabilities to request plastic straws at restaurants. Restaurants will be asked to keep a limited supply of plastic straws for customers with disabilities. There is also an exemption for retail establishments which requires them to sell both plastic straws and alternative compostable or reusable straws.
The county department of the environment will be in charge of enforcement, but it's unclear how aggressive those enforcement measures will be.
Since July 1st in the District, the city's Department of Energy and the Environment are in charge of enforcing the plastic straw ban. Businesses in the District can be fined $100 to $800 for failing to comply with DC's straw ban.
Prince George's County's office of investigations and audits said that while the bill will help reduce plastic straw distribution, it will not stop the sale and distribution of single-use plastic straws.
The bill will take effect on July 1, 2020. Fines for businesses not in compliance with this law won't start until Jan. 1, 2021.
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Characteristics This is a rabbit polyclonal antibody against SYNE3. It was validated on Western Blot.
Background SYNE3 is a component of SUN-protein-containing multivariate complexes also called LINC complexes which link the nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton by providing versatile outer nuclear membrane attachment sites for cytoskeletal filaments. It is involved in the maintenance of nuclear organization and structural integrity. It is a probable anchoring protein which tethers the nucleus to the cytoskeleton by binding PLEC which can associate with the intermediate filament system. SYNE3 plays a role in the regulation of aortic epithelial cell morphology, and is required for flow-induced centrosome polarization and directional migration in aortic endothelial cells.


Sir, AS the circumstances which have engaged the United States in the present Indian War may some of them be out of the public recollection, and others perhaps be unknown, it may appear advisable that you prepare and publish, from authentic documents, a statement of those circumstances, as well as of the measures which have been taken, from time to time, for the re-establishment of peace and friendship.
When the Community are called upon for considerable exertions to relieve a part which is suffering under the hand of an enemy, it is desirable to manifest that due pains have been taken by those entrusted with the administration of their affairs to avoid the evil.
The Secretary for the Department of War.
A RECURRENCE to the Journals of the United States in Congress assembled, of the early stages of the late war, will evince the public solicitude to preserve peace with the Indian tribes, and to prevent their engaging in a contest in which they were no wise interested.
But although partial treaties or conventions were formed with some of the northern and western tribes, in the years 1775 and 1776;3 yet those treaties were too feeble to resist the powerful impulses of a contrary nature, arising from a combination of circumstances at that time;and accordingly all the various Indian nations (the Oneidas, Tuscaroras, and a few individuals of the Delawares excepted) lying on our frontiers, from Georgia to Canada, armed against us.
It is yet too recent to have been forgotten, that great numbers of inoffensive men, women and children, fell a sacrifice to the barbarous warfare practised by the Indians, and that many others were dragged into a deplorable captivity.
Notwithstanding that these aggressions were entirely unprovoked, yet as soon as the war ceased with Great-Britain, the United States, instead of indulging any resentments against the Indian nations, sought only how to establish a liberal peace with all the tribes throughout their limits.
Early measures were accordingly taken for this purpose. A treaty was held, and a peace concluded, in the year 1784, with the hostile part of the northern Indians, or Six Nations, at Fort Stanwix.
In January 1785, another treaty was formed with part of the western tribes, at Fort M'Intosh, on the Ohio;to wit, with the Wyandots, Delawares, Ottawas and Chippewas.
In January 1786, a treaty was formed with the Shawanese, at the confluence of the Great Miami with the Ohio.
Accordingly new treaties were held at Fort Harmar the latter part of the year 1788, and concluded on the 9th day of January, 1789, with a representation of all the Six or Northern Nations, the Mohawks excepted7—and with a representation of the following tribes, to wit: the Wyandots, the Delawares, Ottawas, Chippawas, Pattiwatamas, and Sacs.8—By these treaties, nearly the same boundaries were recognized and established by a principle of purchase, as had been stipulated by the former treaties of Fort Stanwix and Fort M'Intosh.
Thus careful and attentive was the Government of the United States to settle a boundary with the Indians on the basis of fair treaty, to obviate the dissatisfactions which had been excited, and to establish its claim to the lands relinquished on the principle of equitable purchase.
It does not appear that the right of the Northern and Western Indians, who formed the several before mentioned treaties to the lands thereby relinquished to the United States, has been questioned by any other tribes;nor does it appear that the present war has been occasioned by any dispute relatively to the boundaries established by the said treaties.
But on the contrary it appears, that the unprovoked aggressions of the Miami and Wabash Indians upon Kentucky and other parts ofthe frontiers, together with their associates, a banditti, formed of Shawanese and outcast Cherokees, amounting in all to about onethousand two hundred men, are solely the causes of the war. Hence it is proper that their conduct should be more particularly adverted to.
In the year 1784, when messages were sent to the Wyandots and Delawares, inviting them to meet the Commissioners, first at Cayahoga, and afterwards at Fort M'Intosh, their neighbours the Miami Indians were also included in the said invitations;but theydid not attend.
In the year 1785 these invitations were repeated;but the messengers upon their arrival at the Miami village, had their horses stolen, were otherwise treated with insolence, and prevented fulfilling their mission.
In the years 1787 and 1788, new endeavors were used to bring those Indians to treat: they were urged to be present at the treatyappointed to be held at Fort Harmar;but these endeavors proved as fruitless as all the former.
In the mean time the frontier settlements were disquieted by frequent depredations and murders, and the complaints of their inhabitants, (as might be expected) of the pacific forbearance of the government, were loud, repeated, and distressing—their calls forprotection incessant—till at length they appeared determined by their own efforts to endeavor to retaliate the injuries they were continually receiving, and which had become intolerable.
In this state of things it was indispensible for the Government to make some decisive exertion for the peace and security of the frontier. But notwithstanding the ill success of former experiments, and the invincible spirit of animosity which had appeared in certain tribes, and which was of a nature to justify a persuasion that no impression could be made upon them by pacific expedients, it was still deemed adviseable to make one more essay.
The Indians in some of the villages on the lower part of the Wabash, appeared to listen to him, others manifested a different disposition, others confessed their inability to restrain their young warriors, and all referred the messenger to the Indians at the Miami village. At that village some appeared well disposed, but the chiefs of the Shawanese returned the messages and belts, informing the messenger however, that they would, after consultation, within thirty nights, send an answer to Post Vincennes—The promised answer was never received. While the messenger was at the Miami village, two negroes were brought in from our settlements, prisoners;and upon his return to L'Anguille,11 a chief informed him that a party of seventy warriors, from the more distant Indians, had arrived, and were gone against the settlements.
In three days after his departure from the Miami village, a prisoner was there burnt to death. Similar cruelties were exercised at the Ouittanon towns, about the same time;and in the course of the three months immediately after the last mentioned invitation, upwards of one hundred persons were killed, wounded, and taken prisoners upon the Ohio, and in the district of Kentucky.
It is also to be observed, that the Wyandots and Delawares, after having frequently and fruitlessly endeavored to influence the Miami and Wabash Indians to peace;upon mature conviction finally declared that force only could effect the object.
As an evidence that the conduct of the hostile Indians has been occasioned by other motives than a claim relatively to boundaries—it is to be observed, that their depredations have been principally upon the district of Kentucky, and the counties of Virginia, lyingalong the south side of the Ohio, a country to which they have no claim.
It appears by respectable evidence, that from the year 1783, until the month of October, 1790, the time the United States commencedoffensive operations against the said Indians, that on the Ohio, and the frontiers on the south side thereof, they killed, wounded and took prisoners, about one thousand five hundred men, women and children;besides carrying off upwards of two thousand horses, and other property to the amount of fifty thousand dollars.
The particulars of the barbarities exercised upon many of their prisoners, of different ages and sexes, although supported by indisputable evidence, are of too shocking a nature to be presented to the public. It is sufficient upon this head to observe, that the tomahawk and scalping-knife have been the mildest instruments of death. That in some cases torture of by fire, and other execrable means have been used.
But the outrages which were committed upon the Frontier inhabitants were not the only injuries that were sustained: repeated attacksupon detachments of the troops of the United States were, at different times, made. The following from its peculiar enormity deservesrecital.—In April, 1790, Major Doughty was ordered to the friendly Chickasaws on public business. He performed this duty in a boat,having with him Ensign Sedam, and a party of fifteen men. While ascending the Tenessee river, he was met by a party of forty Indiansin four canoes, consisting principally of the aforesaid banditti of Shawanese, and outcast Cherokees. They approached under a whiteflag, the well known emblem of peace. They came on board the Major's boat, received his presents, continued with him nearly onehour, and then departed in the most friendly manner. But, they had scarcely cleared his oars, before they poured in a fire upon his crew, which was returned as soon as circumstances would permit, and a most unequal combat was sustained for several hours, when they abandoned their design, but not until they had killed and wounded eleven out of fifteen of the boat's crew.13 This perfidious conduct, in any age, would have demanded exemplary punishment.
After this expedition the Governor of the Western Territory, in order that nothing might be omitted, to effect a peace without further conflict, did, on his arrival at Fort Harmar, in December, 1790, send through the Wyandots and Delawares conciliatory messages to the Miamies, but still without effect.
Captain Hendricks, a respectable Indian residing with the Oneidas, appearing zealously disposed to attempt convincing the hostile Indians of their mistaken conduct, was accordingly sent for that purpose, but was frustrated by unforseen obstacles, in his laudable attempts.
The different measures which have been recited must evince, that notwithstanding the highly culpable conduct of the Indians in question, the government of the United States, uninfluenced by resentment, or any false principles which might arise from a onsciousness of superiority, adopted every proper expedient to terminate the Indian hostilities, without having recourse to the last extremity;and, after being compelled to resort to it, has still kept steadily in view the re-establishment of peace as its primary and sole object.
The present partial Indian war is a remnant of the late general war, continued by a number of separate banditti, who, by the incessant practice of fifteen years, seem to have formed inveterate and incurable habits of enmity against the frontier inhabitants of the United States.
To obtain protection against lawless violence, was a main object for which the present government was instituted. It is, indeed, a main object of all government. A frontier citizen possesses as strong claims to protection as any other citizen. The frontiers are the vulnerable parts of every country;and the obligation of the government of the United States, to afford the requisite protection, cannot be less sacred in reference to the inhabitants of their Western, than to those of their Atlantic Frontier.
It will appear from a candid review of this subject, that the General Government could no longer abstain from attempting to punish the hostile Indians.
War Department, Jan. 26, 1792.
1The date of the covering letter, as printed in the broadside, is identical with that of the draft (Washington Papers);for reasons not explained the President antedated his letter, which closely follows Jefferson's draft, printed in P. L. Ford (ed.), Writings Jefferson, V, 430-431. The draft was also submitted to the Secretary of the Treasury, t&td., p. 430.
2This is a revised and amplified statement which the Secretary of War had previously prepared for submission to Congress. Cf. A.S.P., Ind. Affairs, I, 197-198.
3See treaty at Albany, August, 1776, Docs. rel. Col. Hist. State N. Y., VIII, 605.
4Nov. 28, 1785, Jan. 3 and 6, 1786;see Kappler (ed.), Treaties, II, 6-12.
5Journals Amer. Cong., iv, 786-787.
6Ibid., p. 828;see also instructions to St. Clair of the same date, ante, p. 117.
7Ante, p. 182. See also ante, p. 183, n. 84.
9St. Clair to the Secretary at War, Nov. 4, 1788, Smith (ed.), St. Clair Papers, II, 95-96.
10See Gamelin's journal, Apr. 5-May 5, 1790, A.S.P., Ind. Affairs, I, 93-94;St. Clair to the Secretary of War, Aug. 23, 1790, ibid., pp. 92-93.
11The Eel River, which enters the Wabash at Logansport, Indiana.
12See the Secretary of War to St. Clair, Dec. 19, 1789, ante, p. 224.
13See memorandum from the Secretary of War to the President, May 27, 1790, Washington Papers (LC), and the President to the Secretary of War, Aug. 13, 1790, ante, p. 299.
14See St. Clair to Sargent, July 15,1790, ante, p. 287.
15A.S.P., Ind. Affairs, I, 139-145, contains the sources relating to the negotiations.
16See instructions to Procter, March, 1791, together with other relevant papers, ibid., pp. 145-146. The lengthy report of Procter, July 9, 1791, at the conclusion of his mission, is printed ibid., pp. 149-162. The original report, written in a blank book in diary form, is in the Senate files, 2 Cong., 1 sess. On the inside cover is the original letter of transmittal of July 9. Other papers concerning Indian affairs in 1791 are found in A.S.P., op. cit., pp. 139-149, 162-202.
17Apr. 20, 1791, Mich. Hist. Colls, xxiv, 209-211. A similar message was sent to Half King by St. Clair, Mar. 8, 1791 (A.S.P., op. cit., p. 147).
18See instructions to Pickering, May 2,1791, and relevant documents, A.S.P., op. cit, pp. 165-171. No general treaty was made with the Six Nations at this time.
20Cf. report of Dec. 29, 1794, A.S.P., op. cit., pp. 543-544.


United Methodist News Service continues to update this list as more information becomes available. To contact UMNS, call (615) 742-5470 or email newsdesk@umcom.org.
Here are the candidates for the episcopacy in the 2012 episcopal elections.
Robert Beckum, pastor of St. Luke United Methodist Church, Columbus, Ga., nominated by South Georgia Annual (regional) Conference.
Larry Bryars, pastor of Shalimar (Fla.) United Methodist Church, nominated by Alabama-West Florida Annual (regional) Conference.
Ken Carter, superintendent of the Waynesville District, nominated by Western North Carolina Annual (regional) Conference.
Randy Cooper, pastor of First United Methodist Church in Martin, Tenn., nominated by Memphis Annual (regional) Conference.
Young Jin Cho, superintendent of the Arlington District, nominated by Virginia Annual (regional) Conference.
David Graves, superintendent of the Kingsport (Tenn.) District, nominated by Holston Annual (regional) Conference.
L. Jonathan Holston, pastor of St. James United Methodist Church, Atlanta, nominated by North Georgia Annual (regional) Conference.
Sharma Denise Lewis, superintendent of the Atlanta-Decatur-Oxford District of the North Georgia (annual) Conference, endorsed by Black Clergy Women Caucus.
Bill McAlilly, superintendent of the Seashore District, nominated by Mississippi Annual (regional) Conference.
Tim McClendon, superintendent of the Columbia District, nominated by South Carolina Annual (regional) Conference.
Deborah A. McLeod, pastor of Mandarin United Methodist Church in Jacksonville, Fla., nominated by Florida Annual (regional) Conference.
Ivelisse Quiñones, associate pastor and lead pastor for the Hispanic ministry, St. Luke United Methodist Church, Columbus, Ga., affirmed by Methodists Associated to Represent the Cause of Hispanic Americans (MARCHA).
H. Gray Southern, superintendent of the Durham District, nominated by North Carolina Annual (regional) Conference.
Farley Stuart, conference superintendent, nominated by Red Bird Missionary Annual (regional) Conference.
Debra Wallace-Padgett, pastor of St. Luke United Methodist Church, Lexington, nominated by Kentucky Annual (regional) Conference.
Sung H. Ahn, director of connectional ministries, Greater New Jersey Annual (regional) Conference, nominated by the conference and endorsed by the National Federation of Asian American United Methodists.
Sandra Steiner Ball, director of connectional ministries of Peninsula-Delaware Annual (regional) Conference, nominated by the conference and endorsed by the delegation.
Darryl Barrow, superintendent of Crossroads District in the Upper New York Annual (regional) Conference, endorsed by the Northeastern Jurisdiction Black Methodists for Church Renewal and the Multi-Ethnic Center for Ministry of the jurisdiction.
Vicki Miller Brendler, pastor of Bridgewater (N.J.) United Methodist Church, nominated by the Greater New Jersey Annual (regional) Conference.
Adrienne Brewington, superintendent of Long Island West District, nominated by New York Annual (regional) Conference.
J. Montgomery Brown, pastor of St. Marks United Methodist Church, Charleston, W.Va., nominated by West Virginia Annual (regional) Conference.
Irving Cotto, director of congregational development for Eastern Pennsylvania and appointed in 2012 to be superintendent of the Northeast District, affirmed by MARCHA.
Aida Fernandez, pastor of Hope United Methodist Church, Belchertown, Mass., endorsed by New England Annual (regional) Conference and affirmed by MARCHA.
Edward C. Horne, pastor of United Methodist Church of Westport and Weston (Conn.), nominated by New York Annual (regional) Conference.
Christopher J. Kurien, director of connectional ministries for Eastern Pennsylvania Annual (regional) Conference, nominated by the conference and endorsed by the National Federation of Asian American United Methodists.
Sung Ho Lee, superintendent of the Mohawk District of Upper New York Annual (regional) Conference, endorsed by the National Federation of Asian American United Methodists.
Martin D. McLee, superintendent for the Metro Boston Hope District of the New England Annual (regional) Conference, endorsed by the New England Conference, the Northeastern Jurisdiction BMCR and the Multi-Ethnic Center for Ministry of the jurisdiction.
William Meekins, superintendent of the Greensburg District, nominated by Western Pennsylvania Annual (regional) Conference.
Eric Park, superintendent of the Washington District, nominated by Western Pennsylvania Annual (regional) Conference.
Maxine Nixon, pastor of the Fenimore Street United Methodist Church in Brooklyn, N.Y., endorsed by the Northeastern Jurisdiction BMCR.
Timothy Riss, pastor of Hickville (N.Y.) United Methodist Church, nominated by New York Annual (regional) Conference.
Rodney Smothers, pastor of St. Paul-Corkran Memorial Cooperative Parish in Oxon Hill, Md., nominated by the Baltimore-Washington Annual (regional) Conference.
Mark Webb, superintendent of the York District, Susquehanna Annual (regional) Conference, nominated by the conference.
Cheryl Bell, pastor of Trinity Heights United Methodist Church in Newton, Kan., nominated by the Kansas West Annual (regional) Conference and endorsed by South Central BMCR and Jurisdictional Women's Leadership Team.
Robert Farr, Missouri Annual (regional) Conference director of congregational excellence, nominated by the conference.
Cynthia Fierro Harvey, director of the United Methodist Committee on Relief, endorsed by the Jurisdictional Conference Women's Leadership Team and affirmed by MARCHA. She also was endorsed by the Nebraska Annual (regional) Conference delegation.
Michael McKee, pastor, First United Methodist Church, Hurst, Texas, nominated by Central Texas Annual (regional) Conference.
Gary Mueller, pastor of First United Methodist Church, Plano, Texas, endorsed by North Texas Annual (regional) Conference delegation to the South Central Jurisdictional Conference and South Central BMCR.
Elijah Stansell, treasurer of the Texas Annual (regional) Conference, endorsed by BMCR.
C. Chappell Temple, pastor of Lakewood United Methodist Church, nominated by the Texas Annual (regional) Conference.
Eradio Valverde, superintendent of the Corpus Christi District, nominated by Southwest Texas Annual (regional) Conference, endorsed by Rio Grande Annual Conference and affirmed by MARCHA.
Fred Wideman, pastor of Broadmoor United Methodist Church, Baton Rouge, endorsed by Louisiana Annual (regional) Conference delegates to the South Central Jurisdictional Conference.
David Wilson, superintendent of the Oklahoma Indian Missionary Annual (regional) Conference, nominated by the conference.


US President Donald Trump has arrived in China for talks likely to be dominated by tensions over North Korea's nuclear programme.
Earlier, in a speech to the South Korean parliament, Mr Trump urged China to sever ties with North Korea.
Mr Trump is in China as part of a five-nation tour of Asia. He has also visited Japan so far.
Before his arrival, Mr Trump piled praise on Mr Xi, saying he was looking forward to meeting the Chinese president after "his great political victory".
Mr Xi recently consolidated his power at a Chinese Communist Party congress, a move analysts say will make him less likely to reach compromise with Mr Trump.
The US president and his wife Melania have visited the Forbidden City, for centuries the home of China's emperors, followed by afternoon tea.
Dining inside the Forbidden City is an unprecedented hour for a US president, CNN reports, a sign of what's been dubbed a "state visit-plus".


Realty OH always try to get all available information about Real Estate Agent Omni Management Group, based in Columbus.
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Realty OH always try to get all available information about Real Estate Agent Omni Real Estate, based in Hudson.
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Realty OH always try to get all available information about Property Manager Omni Tours & Travel, based in Cleveland.
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Realty OH always try to get all available information about Property Manager Lin's Omni, based in Cleveland.
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Who: In 2016 George Adamantides and Evangelos Tsaras joined forces and expertise, in order to create a new advertising and marketing agency. Though newly-established, the Cicero team works with both domestic and universal clients of the biggest scale.
What: "The name of the agency is Cicero, so think of it as we are some kind of creative attorneys for our clients. We'd like to have some kind of distinctive law firm look, in order to highlight Cicero's primary profession. We need this identity to breathe confidence and quality."
Well: We deployed a strict color palette with white and gray being the dominant colors on the surfaces, black as the only color being used in typography and gold for the Cicero mark. The law firm feeling is almost always a winner, if you play your cards right. We chose cards laminated with gray and white papers, we used gold color to highlight the quality of the agency's work and all stationary applications were completed with a separate quote from the infamous philosopher/lawyer.


text:
Beyond the Buzzwords: How to Communicate Impact as a Brand
Responsible communication is a big part of a brand's overall social responsibility and includes describing your progress towards your sustainability goals. We brought in the experts, Sonder and Tell and impact strategist Amirah Jiwa, to discuss how to communicate impact in a meaningful way.
Amirah Jiwa
Kate Hamilton
Amirah Jiwa, Kate Hamilton
5 Aug 2021 • 5 min read
If you're reading this, then chances are you're already taking steps to address questions of sustainability within your company.
Maybe you're using noissue packaging, perhaps you're applying to become a B Corp, you might be planting trees. And if you're taking a holistic view of impact, you'll be looking beyond environmental sustainability.
Addressing issues of diversity within your industry, and taking a stand on social or political issues too. When it comes to impact, intentions are good but actions are better. And the responsible communication of both is essential.
Consumers want to make informed buying decisions, and understand where their most-loved brands stand on the issues of our day.
This isn't to say you have to blow your own trumpet every time you do a good thing. Rather that your intentions and actions should be matched with clear and sincere comms that help your audience understand what you're up to. Otherwise all the good work you're doing behind the scenes will fall short.
To help brands seamlessly communicate their impact, words-first agency Sonder & Tell has teamed up with sustainability strategist Amirah Jiwa to create an interactive workshop called Beyond the Buzzwords.
The session looks at three main areas – sustainability, inclusivity and progressive politics – using interactive exercises to get you thinking about 'how' to communicate responsibly, rather than just 'why'.
Image via Sonder & Tell
Here's a handful of pointers from the workshop, outlining key cases in which you should check your comms.
When you're talking about sustainability practices…
You should KEEP IT SPECIFIC
When you're talking about sustainability practices, being specific shows both responsibility and accountability. There's actually a name for companies who use certain words to convey a sustainable image that isn't backed up by reasonable action. It's called 'greenwashing' and a recent study by Edie reports that 40% of websites posted sustainability claims that could be considered greenwashing because they used terms like 'eco', 'sustainable' or 'natural' without defining them.
Now let's be real. There are some terms we have become so used to seeing, reading or hearing, that we rarely think to question its meaning. There are also some terms that are just hard to come by in everyday conversation, like B Corp.
Either way, your audience might not know their meaning or context, so taking the time to offer a definition, or a clear example, shows that you are invested in bringing value to your customers.
Image via Girlfriend Collective
Athletic clothing brand Girlfriend Collective does a great job of outlining exactly what makes it a more sustainable option. Instead of using the word eco-friendly to describe its products, it gets more specific and says it makes 'activewear out of recycled materials'.
And, it explains exactly how using recycled materials reduces waste and how its approach to packaging and even clothing care align with that same goal.The level of detail that it goes into shows that its commitment to the preservation of our planet is more than a tick-box exercise.
When you are featuring more diversity in your campaigns…
You should USE MORE INCLUSIVE LANGUAGE
When it comes to featuring or promoting more diversity in your campaigns, you need to make sure that your language is as inclusive as your imagery. That it doesn't alienate the people that you're seeking to represent.
A brand mindful of language is the period-care brand Thinx. It matches its use of inclusive models with inclusive people-first language. For example, its tagline addresses 'people with periods' to include trans and non-binary people who menstruate, meaning more people have access to period and hygiene products.
Using more inclusive language isn't only the right thing to do, but it also makes business sense. Google found that people are more likely to consider, or even purchase, a product after seeing an ad they think is diverse or inclusive.
When you are taking a stance on an issue...
You should CHOOSE A VIEW THAT ALIGNS WITH YOUR VALUES, and BE ACTIVE
According to a 2019 survey, 71% of consumers thought it important for businesses to take a stance on social movements. With stats like that, it can be very tempting to feel the pressure to speak on every issue that crops up. Be very careful though: if you stand for everything, you really stand for nothing.
We can learn from brands such as Ben & Jerry's, which takes a clear stance on racial inequality with its bold and uncompromising copy. Avoid any language that comes across as wishy-washy and use the active voice, rather than the passive voice.
Without getting too grammar geek on you (because we could really go there) the active voice makes it very clear who is performing an action, while the passive voice hides it.
For example, Ben & Jerry's saying "we must dismantle white supremacy" is in the active voice, making it very clear that it wants to be part of the solution; whereas "white supremacy must be dismantled" is passive, obscuring accountability.
On the other side of the spectrum, we can also learn from those brands that posted black squares on Instagram, as a status of allyship to the BLM movement, only to be met with a rally of boycotts and backlash. We definitely don't want that.
Whatever you're doing, OWN YOUR VOICE
Just because you're addressing issues that lean more to the serious side, it doesn't mean that your tone of voice has to be serious. You can learn to speak about impact in a way that feels authentic to your brand.
Take Lick for example. One of Sonder & Tell's clients, they talk about their manufacturing processes and materials in a way that is authentic to their brand messaging.
Their sustainability report is enjoyable to read and they use playful language relevant to the industry they are in, interiors. For example, they say 'Decorating can be a chore. Don't let your paint be irritating' to talk about how they use water based paints with less fumes and potential chemicals.
The trick is to know your tone of voice inside out so when it comes to issues that feel 'serious' you can talk about them in a way that feels like you.
So you've started the journey towards communicating with your audience more responsibly. And you've learnt the very basics of how to tell your audience about all the good things you're doing.
Sonder and Tell and Amirah Jiwa run a workshop on communicating impact in a practical and meaningful way, you can learn more by emailing hello@sonderandtell.com.
A word from noissue: Our 2021 commitments
Noissue is on a mission to make sustainable packaging accessible to business, brands and makers no matter their size and to create a world without waste by offering packaging that is reusable, compostable or made from recycled materials.
This year we've been communicating more about our impact and progress towards our goals for sustainability. Progress to us means striving to always be better and for continuous improvement. We know our ambitions in some areas are ahead of where we are now, and we endeavour to be sincere and honest about that. We are going to showcase these updates on our new sustainability page that is launching soon.
We will continue to ensure our product pages detail the relevant sustainability properties of each product – for example, what materials and certifications they hold.
We're creating communication guidelines and inclusivity and sustainability will naturally form a part of those guidelines. We're going to ensure we articulate what sustainable packaging means to us and will be using the advice in this blog post to guide both our team and our communities going forward.
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Protein Powder Toxicity
By Ian Kenney
Protein is a necessary macronutrient. It makes up the bulk of your muscle tissue and plays a vital role in cellular function and metabolism. Unfortunately for dieters, protein in the form of animal matter often comes with a healthy dollop of fat, so some calorie counters and bodybuilders turn to protein supplements and shakes to increase intake without packing on the pounds. Synthesizing the protein that goes into these powders may have its own issues, however, according to a 2010 Consumer Reports study.
Protein powders are promoted more as a muscle-building supplement and workout aid than weight loss remedy, but they are used frequently for both purposes. Building muscle mass is partly destructive and partly reconstructive. Strained muscles suffer microscopic tears in the fibers. When the body sends in the troops to repair these tears, they do so by manufacturing more muscle tissue. Protein powder makers recommend drinking the supplements shortly after lifting weights to give the body the building blocks it needs for this process.
Most commercially available protein powders derive their protein content from whey, the liquid byproduct of cheese production. There are alternative formulas including soy and other plant-based proteins, but these generally contain fewer grams per serving than the whey varieties. Consumers with allergies should read labels carefully to determine the source of the protein in the powders.
In 2010, Consumer Reports, the magazine published by non-profit advocacy group Consumer Union of the U.S., Inc., printed the results of their survey of 15 popular protein powders. They found that at least one item from each product line contained detectable levels of cadmium, arsenic, lead or mercury. The three most toxic brands contained levels of heavy metal toxicity above the safe allowable limits proposed by U.S. Pharmacopeia when used as directed.
Manufacturers pushed back on the report, citing independent analysis by non-profit NSF International, a non-governmental organization that conducts third-party testing of food safety. According to NSF, the products in question passed their own standard called the American National Standard for Nutritional/Dietary Supplements, or NSF/ANSI. Consumer Reports counters that there is significant variation between samples even within a given product line, and one satisfactory sample does not exonerate the entire line.
Consumer Reports outlined the danger of sustained, low-level heavy metal toxicity noting that the substances included in the study -- arsenic, lead, cadmium and mercury – remain embedded in soft tissue for long periods, so continued exposure could result in higher levels of toxicity overall. Additionally, there is a segment of the health food industry that has long lobbied against aspartame, an artificial sweetener deemed safe by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and their counterpart in the European Union for decades. Mike Adams, editor of Natural News, and many others in the anti-aspartame campaign, claim that formic acid and formaldehyde, two byproducts of aspartame synthesis in the body, can cause migraine headaches, muscle tremors and vision problems. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency lists formaldehyde as an environmental toxin.
Consumer Reports: Protein Drinks - What Our Tests Found
Consumer Reports: Makers of Protein Drinks Responds to CU's Investigation
Natural News: Many Bodybuilding and Protein Powders Are Loaded with Chemical Sweeteners
CBS News: Could Protein Shakes Harm Your Health?
This article was written by the Healthfully team, copy edited and fact checked through a multi-point auditing system, in efforts to ensure our readers only receive the best information. To submit your questions or ideas, or to simply learn more about Healthfully, contact us here.
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