Please, Mr. Postman: Look and see if there's a letter in your bag for me!
Mr. Rodosovich then proceeded to spend the remaining 90 seconds of his 120-second message spelling his last name, his street address, and his email address.
As my review indicated, Mr. Eastwood hired the real-life heroes to play themselves, not three stars. Other than the two orangutan pictures, I've never had any use for Clint Eastwood. Sorry for any misunderstanding.
monaghan Feb. 27, 2018 @ 10:31 p.m.
I would like to know what you don't like about Clint Eastwood, Scooter. I liked "Dirty Harry" which was newly shocking for its violence at the long ago time. I also liked "The Unforgiven" for Clint's revenge speech promising to hunt down his enemy, kill him and all his family and raze their home to the ground. Whew. Catharsis. Don't you ever feel like that?
Scott Marks Feb. 28, 2018 @ 6:46 a.m.
dwbat Feb. 28, 2018 @ 7:41 a.m.
Don't forget "Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil" as it definitely captured that Southern Gothic genre well.
Colonna March 2, 2018 @ 9:03 a.m.


For 23 years Danish Teak Classics has been restoring classic Danish teak furniture to protect the sensible design and traditional enchantment we still admire after 50 years or more. Do yourself a favor, make this your final backyard set, when buying a bit of Teak from ARB it is for a lifetime. It did not take Britain lengthy to realized that there was no need for them to develop teakwood as they could merely annex the countries that produced teakwood.
2. Earlier than utilizing Teak Protector on new teak, put the furnishings outdoors to climate for a week. Garden furniture sets, garden benches, modular sofas, parasols, synthetic rattan furniture and backyard furnishings covers. New Product: Permit new products to weather outdoors for 2 weeks before making use of the teak shield and or clear with Teak Cleaner.
At BrightHouse we've got all the pieces it is advisable make your own home perfect, from our stunning range of sofas to our elegant dining tables and chairs You can choose the right furniture to fit your fashion and space, without having to worry about huge price tags as all our furniture is on the market on our vary of finance plans.
In case your teak furnishings has already light in colour, it's doable to restore this honey shade by scrubbing the floor of the wooden using a teak cleaner. Store for one of the best furnishings on-line and purchase from the in depth vary at Domayne that contains a beautiful collection of Australian made furniture.
Paint blocks UV, too, but it has the downside of being more likely to peel on horizontal surfaces (think seats and tabletops) if the furnishings is frequently unnoticed in the rain. Whenever you invest in actual teakwood for out of doors furnishings, you're investing in one thing that will last more than a lifetime.
Sometimes you will hear that each one you have to do is frivolously oil teak furniture every year. In case your furniture is to be used indoors and away from quite a lot of natural daylight, over a time period maybe six months to a yr the wood will step by step develop into a darker shade of golden brown.
You'll discover $179 teak benches , $139 teak arm chairs , and teak tables beginning at $499 In the event you're searching for a durable, quality folding chair, nothing beats the $forty nine teak folding chair Teak Closeouts has a few of the lowest teak furniture costs on the web.
There are a number of manufacturers of teak cleaner: Golden Care , Star Brite , Iosso , Bayes, Minwax , Snappy Teak-nu , Boatlife We suggest Summer season Classics Teak Cleaner which is out there any SC Residence indonesia furniture manufacturers store. Teak Desk & Chair Sets. Golden Care products have confirmed to work the very best at defending teak furniture from UV rays and mildew.
In any case, if a patio set only lasts one season then it definitely has little worth and is almost definitely not definitely worth the time and effort it takes to go out and purchase the furniture. Lots of our outdoor collections function all of the patio furniture it's essential create an outdoor eating room.
This entry was posted in Fine Furniture and tagged furniture mod 1.7.10, minecraft jammy furniture mod 1.7 10 download, teak furniture toronto. Bookmark the permalink.


Nonfiction Book Group – Held the 1st Wednesday of each month @ noon (non-fiction). If you are interested in joining, contact the library to see if space is available.
Thursday Morning Book Club – Held the 2nd Thursday of each month @ 10am (fiction). If you are interested in joining, contact Megan Norrell to see if space is available.
Fairchild "Third-Age" Book Club – Held the 3rd Tuesday of each month @ 1pm. If interested in joining, contact Marielaina Tymula at the Fairchild Library to see if there is space available.
Book Club for Grades 4 to 6 – If interested in joining, contact Elise Barlow to see if there is space available.
Book Club for Grades 6 to 8 – If interested in joining, contact Elise Barlow to see if there is space available.
YA Book Brigade for Grades 8 to 12 – If interested in joining, contact Chelsie Labreque to see if there is space available.


I've been rooting through all of the forums to find an answer to my problem but don't seem able to find one in non jargon-ie language. I have downloaded the tiltviewer software as per the "using Photoshop" instructions... I have CS5. I have installed it and I have managed to run the script and designed the tiltviewer gallery. All fantastic and it looks great! That seems to be where your instructions end. I have used iWeb09 to build my site and I want to be able to have it in my website. Perhaps a button could be clicked to open this tiltviewer gallery? Perhaps it can be within one of my own designed web pages? At the moment, I don't seem to be able to get it on my site.
Do I then go on to stage 7 of the "support home" page? This is called "embedding in a HTML Page". If so, I have no idea where I have to "Copy the entire contents of your TiltViewer gallery folder into the folder that contains your HTML page (including the swfobject.js file)". Where and what is that? I'm guessing thats something to do with my FTP space I have with the company that I use for uploading my website?
I am very new to all this and do not understand the jargon used in web design forums. I am learning but I think I need it put into English. My web site is http://www.steveburrowsimages.com I am in the process of designing a photography site. I have got a bunch of jpegs to use which show on my system but not on the net.
If you have created a TiltViewer gallery with Photoshop, then you will have a self-contained gallery in a single folder and should be able to view the gallery by opening the gallery's HTML index page in a browser.
i have followed the instructions of uploading the folder to justhost with filezilla. i put an html snippet into the weddings page (i am using iweb09) with the iframe text that you gave me. i can see the files in my cpanel so i must have uploaded them. if i view the site at http://www.steveburrowsimages.com and go to weddings screen from the button on the left, i get a rectangle with i would describe as an advert for iana.
i also do have a flickr account - how do i resolve this?
ok - I have also tried to do a flickr version now. the photoshop version seems messy. i have set up a set of public pics on flickr. i have downloaded tiltviewer again and adjusted the code as per instructions. i uploaded the adjusted code to my public_html file. and i inserted a snippet with iweb09 and also put the embedding code into that. the code on the snippet and the uploaded version are the same. i get the warning that javescript and adobe flash are needed. if you view my website's HOME PAGE i have revealed a set of links - there is one called wedding examples - thats where i want it - on that page. i will create a link button later from the wedding page.
here is the code for you to have a look at.
This is the likely cause that your current gallery is not being displayed.
like i said - i am a newbie to all this.
i get what you are saying but how am i supposed to know where to create the new lines?
I don't know at which point in the process the line feeds are being stripped out of your code but if you were to copy and paste the code you posted above into a blank text document in a plain text editor, name the file 'index.html' and upload it using a standard FTP program (overwriting the existing file located at http://www.steveburrowsimages.com/index.html) then hopefully the line breaks (from the copying and pasting action) will remain.
Did as you said. Copied my code back into "textwrangler" on the mac (copied and pasted it there). I know that there are a lot of settings you can choose but i have left textwrangler as is.
just had a thought - where its looking for tags on my flickr site i have entered "wedding examples" i am looking at the text and wondered if I should enter "wedding_examples" or "wedding,examples". on flickr it says that if you want more than one word in a tag then enter it in double quotes ie "two words"
Looks like you've got it working now - with the Flickr tags, too.
well, of a sort. however, it replaced my welcome page with the gallery. I had to speak to my web hosting company as its a mess. got my home page back now. apparently (and please bear in mind that i know very little), it was because it had been named index.html and had replaced the index file in my root folder. the file that pointed to the home page.
i have had to undo this with their help. i also had to do a lot of other clearing up. If you take a look at my site, i have created a page (the link is in the weddings page and also at the bottom in green). I don't know whether to have it there or in a separate window. Please look at all of my points and give me your thoughts.
I am back to square one since having to get rid of it.
If your replaced the 'index.html' file in the root of your web space, then it sounds like you copied the contents of your gallery folder to the root, not the actual folder itself.
You should have the gallery folder located alongside your original 'index.html' file.
Ensure you upload the gallery folder to the root of your web space and try my suggestion from a few posts above.
At the moment, it looks like the 'swfobject.js' and 'TiltViewer.swf' files are missing from the 'Wedding_Gallery_files' folder.
i have followed instructions that help reduce the length of url's and that includes saving straight to the root folder (as i understand it).
i think you are right, i did upload the contents to the public.html folder which i think means the root folder. so where should i upload it to? are you saying that the folder that is created (named tiltviewer if i remember) should be uploaded to the root folder?
are you saying that the folder that is created (named tiltviewer if i remember) should be uploaded to the root folder?
This would only be required if you were to start from scratch and try my <iframe> suggestion.
However, you have a nearly-working gallery which seems to be lacking only 2 files ('swfobject.js' and 'TiltViewer.swf') in the correct location.
The gallery shows up at: http://www.steveburrowsimages.com/Wedding_Gallery.html because iWeb is including the complete gallery in your page.
I have decided to go for a link button which takes you to a new window rather than it being embedded in a page.
I worked out what you were saying eventually. i noticed that in my public folder "public.html" there were a bunch of folders and these all had the same names as my web pages, so i did a new install of tiltviewer which created a new folder called tiltviewer with all the files inside. i then uploaded this to the same level as all of the other folders. i tested it by entering the url http://www.steveburrowsimages.com/tiltviewer and hey presto! - it appeared. so then i created a button on the weddings page and did a hyperlink from this to an external web page and entered this url. I just have to put all the other text in now. Have a look at the weddings page and click the link. forget about the weddings gallery button at the bottom - i will get this to do the same as the other button instead.
i am going to do the same for my portraits page and other pages too. however, i will name these folders tiltviewer2, tiltviewer3 and so on and have links from a button on the respective pages.
Did I do correctly? Did I explain myself clearly?
You may need to change the width and height of the <iframe> to suit your page.


Life with little ones gets messy. Cover all your bases.Keep your fabric and leather furniture fresh, clean and new with Home Dynamix's couch cover. This multipurpose all-season cover protects expensive furnishings from liquid spills, pet hair, rips, and general wear without compromising comfort or decorative flair. Each attractive microfiber protector features a stunning square quilted design, ultra cozy polyfill, and your choice of plush, suede, or reversible style. Full coverage side flaps include handy divider pockets for storing remotes, magazines, and other living room essentials. Enjoy effortless installation with the cover's built-in back strap and seat anchors, which keep the durable blanket in place through your child or dog's energetic play. Select from chair, loveseat, or sofa sizing for a sleek fit, and find the perfect neutral color to match your home's existing décor. Pop the cover in the washer, and admire your pristine furniture as it remains in mint condition. Home Dynamix is big on little ones, and this little solution has got you covered big time.What You Get1 Home Dynamix Couch CoverA perfectly fitted furniture safeguardOur appreciation for your purchaseA comfy, stylish and smart addition to your home décor! Specs & DetailsDimensions: Chair 65" x 70.5"; Loveseat 88" x 70.5"; Sofa 110" x 70.5"Material: MicrofiberFilling: Polyester fiberWater Repellent Machine WashableFinish: Plush, Faux Suede, Reversible [Options Vary]Colors: Cream, Tan, Chocolate [Options Vary]How to EnjoyArrange cover atop furniture Secure cushion anchors & backrest strapGain peace of mind while kids and pets frolic freelyMachine wash in case of spill, or vacuum up crumbs & dirtBehold your immaculate couch for many years to come!


In Japan, at least three persons have died and more than 200 others were injured after a powerful earthquake shook the coastal city of Osaka this morning.
The 6.1 magnitude earthquake hit at a depth of 13 kilometers.
Officials said, dozens have fled to evacuation centers set up across the city. More than one lakh households are without power in Osaka prefecture and neighbouring Hyogo prefecture.
Country's Meteorological Agency has warned of another big quake in the next few days.


"Libyan Sugar" is a documentation of Michael Christopher Brown's journey through the course of the Libyan revolution: a thrilling video diary based exclusively on personal iPhone recordings.
Michael Christopher Brown's aim was to photographically document the revolution in Libya. However, he soon had doubts about its feasibility. How should a photographer document riots and stay independent in a world overwhelmed by contradictory impressions? Brown's response is radical and personal: he used his iPhone as a visual notebook, and documented his thoughts by means of an audio recorder.
The documentation shows the contradictions of the Libyan revolution. For instance, the video installation depicts a group of revolutionary fighters in ambush, but also laughing faces at a parade. The jittery recordings with cell-phone quality contribute to the authenticity of the videos. Thanks to Michael Christopher Brown's impressive comments off-stage, the documentation succeeds in maintaining the structure and the flavor of a personal diary.
"Libyan Sugar" was produced in close cooperation with the Magnum Photos candidate Michael Christopher Brown and the producer Liza Faktor of SCREEN. Prismago was responsible for the cut. The main challenge was to filter the appropriate iPhone snapshots from the large amount of footage, and to develop the actual story from a selection of videos without losing the structure and sense of a diary.


text:
import { MdDialogRef } from './dialog-ref';
/**
 * Button that will close the current dialog.
 */
export declare class MdDialogClose {
    dialogRef: MdDialogRef<any>;
    /** Screenreader label for the button. */
    ariaLabel: string;
    constructor(dialogRef: MdDialogRef<any>);
}
/**
 * Title of a dialog element. Stays fixed to the top of the dialog when scrolling.
 */
export declare class MdDialogTitle {
}
/**
 * Scrollable content container of a dialog.
 */
export declare class MdDialogContent {
}
/**
 * Container for the bottom action buttons in a dialog.
 * Stays fixed to the bottom when scrolling.
 */
export declare class MdDialogActions {
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Is J query Session is different from .net Session? Is $.session is diffrent from Session("")?
Am setting session in jquery like
   $.session.set("tempUsername", '<%=hdnUserName.Value%>');
try to get it in Session("tempUsername") in vb.net
It shows empty ...

A: Yes, it is absolutly different.
http://code.ciphertrick.com/2015/01/20/session-handling-using-jquery/
It's the same like cookies that deletes after browser closing.

A: Both are completely different concepts
Dot Net Session

ASP.NET session state enables you to store and retrieve values for a
  user as the user navigates ASP.NET pages in a Web application. HTTP is
  a stateless protocol. This means that a Web server treats each HTTP
  request for a page as an independent request. The server retains no
  knowledge of variable values that were used during previous requests.
  ASP.NET session state identifies requests from the same browser during
  a limited time window as a session, and provides a way to persist
  variable values for the duration of that session. By default, ASP.NET
  session state is enabled for all ASP.NET applications.

JQuery Session

Jquery session is just an abstraction on window.sessionStorage that
  browser provide. If you save some value in session storage then it will be available on that particular tab of the browser.

For more information on session storage  please follow this link on mozilla

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Compatibility: All Model S's with all-glass or panoramic roofs. On 2015+ Models, so minor modification of the headliner is required.
WARNING: No more than 4 pounds (1.8kg) of hanging items can be hung from each hook.
Installation. The following installation instructions will enable you to install HookUp without difficulty or damage to your headliner.
Step 1 Remove each of the two HookUp coat hooks from their envelope.
Option 2: Cut a small slit in the foam where you want to place your coat hook and then slide the coat hanger into the slit.
Step 4 From the rear seat on both the passenger and driver sides of the Model S, insert the Headliner Hook portion of HookUp on the headliner ridge at a location approximately half way along the rear opening of the headliner. To accomplish this, turn the hook horizontally, slide it into the space between the headliner and the pano roof glass, then tilt the hook downward to attach it.
Step 5 Pull down gently to seat the hook. Please note the weight limitation for hanging items in the WARNING at the beginning of these instructions.
HookUp is now ready to use. (see picture for final installation placement).
Relocating the hook: If you want to re-locate the hook, DO NOT slide it along the headliner ridge. Remove it and then replace it following instructions in Step 2.
Removal: To remove HookUP, simply push upward gently, rotate the hooked into a horizontal position and remove the Headliner Hook portion of hookup from the space between the headliner and the pano roof glass.
Although the likelihood of any problem during modification to the foam is small, please note that Abstract Ocean is not responsible for any damage that might occur if you elect to modify the foam damper.


text:
Q: WCF service contract to receive file upload from ExtJs front end I looked through existing questions but could not find exact match. Maybe I'm missing something obvious, if so - please direct me in the proper place. Here is my problem:
I have ExtJs front and application that needs to upload binary data to the WCF back end. On the front end I have the following code (I use Ext.form.field.File control to let user select a file)
// Create a dummy form in the controller after user selected a file
var form = Ext.create('Ext.form.Panel', {
  items: [ my_file_field ]
});

form.getForm().submit({
  method: 'POST',
  url: 'myservice.url',
  ...
});

On the backend I have the following contract:
namespace MyApp
{
    [ServiceContract]
    public interface ITransferService
    {
        [OperationContract]
        [WebInvoke(UriTemplate = "UploadImage", Method = "POST")]
        void SaveImage(Stream buffer);
    }

}

It works 'fine' except one little thing: in the stream inside SaveImage() I get not only binary data from the file user selected but also bunch of headers and encoded fields:
------WebKitFormBoundary26wAkvwGTnAMELFM
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="ext-gen1654"; filename="photo.png"
Content-Type: application/octet-stream
..... binary data goes here ....
------WebKitFormBoundary26wAkvwGTnAMELFM--

What am I missing? How do I change the contract of the service so I get clean binary data?

A: I found this post: http://antscode.blogspot.com/2009/11/parsing-multipart-form-data-in-wcf.html
Does anybody know more simple solution? Not that proposed parsing logic is complicated, but I was under impression that this is a common task and there are should be easier way of doing it. I can't believe MSFT doesn't understand standard web pages POSTs in the WCF out-of-the-box...

A: This should return to you the files attached to the current request accessed but file key or index. Hope this helps!
Stream file = HttpContext.Current.Request.Files.Get(<file_key>).InputStream;


text:
West Alameda County
Alameda County (/ˌæləˈmiːdə/ (listen) AL-ə-MEE-də) is located in the state of California in the United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,682,353,[3][4] making it the 7th-most populous county in the state[5] and 21st most populous nationally. The county seat is Oakland.[6] Alameda County is in the San Francisco Bay Area, occupying much of the East Bay region.
South Marin County
Updated Jan 28, 2023 8:46:am
Information Deemed Reliable But Not Guaranteed. This information is being provided by the Bay East MLS, or CCAR MLS, or bridgeMLS. The listings presented here may or may not be listed by the Broker/Agent operating this website. This information is intended for the personal use of consumers and may not be used for any purpose other than to identify prospective properties consumers may be interested in purchasing. Data last updated at Jan 28, 2023 8:45:am.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


directed by Chip Egan who directed A Little Night Music, The 39 Steps, Strange Snow and 4,000 miles.
As you turn on the television each Christmas season, do you ever wonder what happened to Ralphie from A Christmas Story? Does he still have both eyes? Or Tiny Tim? Did he have that operation and begin to function as a kid with normal mobility? And Susan Walker from Miracle on 34th Street, did she keep the magic of Santa once she hit the suburbs? All of your favorite children from the Christmas classics walk into a bar on a cold, winter's night. What could go wrong?
Featuring local favorites Matt Reece, Brock Koonce, Amanda Sox, Anne Kelly Tromsness and introducing David Sitler to the Upstate!


While Sole Meunière is not the prettiest dish on earth, it's my all time favorite. If it's on the menu (which it usually is not), I'm ordering it.
In my old days of traveling to New York City, I would seek out little French cafes that never failed to serve liver and onions and Sole Meunière . These dishes were a special comfort food for me, especially the fish. It almost always came with green beans (haricot vert, a little longer and thinner than the American green bean) and even though I was consuming a ton of butter, I felt healthy, happy, and satisfied.
This is such an easy dish to make at home, and as I write to you, I wonder why I don't make this all the time. I think I have a thing about making fish inside the house, because I don't have a good exhaust fan, which I'm thinking of putting in during our kitchen remodel. (By the way, stay tuned for our kitchen remodel saga, coming soon and a good reason to subscribe).
Julia Child described her first experience with Sole Meunière as one of the most exciting dishes of her life. I completely understand such a blown up statement because I felt the very same way. The first thing you need to do is not be afraid of butter. Love it and clarify it.
Clarified butter is butter than has been heated and the foam removed, reducing it by about 25%. It is used when a dish calls for butter to be cooked over a high heat and the first thing to prepare when getting ready to make this dish.
If you can't find nice filet of sole, you can use an alternative such as flounder or another favorite, rainbow trout. If you can find spotted trout, all the better; it reminds me of lobster. It's not quite the same texture as Dover Sole, but it will still be wonderful.
So tell me, do love a lot of butter on your fish? What is your favorite way to prepare fish?
Sole Meuniere, classically French with lots of browned butter and lemon.
Melt 1 tablespoon of the butter. Brown each filet about 3 minutes on each side, depending on thickness.
Transfer the fish to a platter and tent with foil. Add the remaining butter to pan and turn up the heat to medium-high.
Brown butter until it turns golden and add lemon juice. Pour the butter over the fish and serve immediately. Sprinkle with parsley.
Heat butter over very low heat until all the foam rises to top. Skim off foam, strain through mesh strainer or cheesecloth. You will probably end up with about 4 tablespoons.
Sometimes the simplest recipes are the best. That's why I love cooking Italian — it relies on good quality ingredients and freshness. There is just something about using honest to goodness butter in a recipe that you can't substitute. I love browning butter — the flavor is so nutty. My hubby loves to fish and there is some sea trout in the freezer that has this recipe written all over them. Thank you for sharing. Buona giornata!
You're very welcome and yes that's why I like to cook Italian too.


Called to Create: A Biblical Invitation to Create, Innovate, and Risk by Jordan Raynor is a new book on my Kindle reading list. Inspired by Roots Writers and Social Media Critique Group's leader, Sherry Rossman, I bought it. In my field, creatives are necessary.
Social Media is a field for creatives by creatives. The church can't expect that new communication methods will conform to traditional ways of evangelism or missions. It is the vision of this ministry to help the church gather its most creative and solid Christians to help them reach out into their communities through art, photography, story telling, and visual outreach. In doing so, the church will grow if leadership inspires this new movement among their congregations. An accidental extension of this movement means, crossing the generational gap by partnering your youth group with your older congregant members so both learn something.
Your older members learn technology so they can serve online. Your youth learn the stories of the older person's past and forms a bond through mentoring.
On January 9, 2018 at Desert Springs Community Church in Goodyear, Arizona, Southwest Church Connection is hosting a workshop for pastors in the Phoenix area. You can RSVP here. Come, even if you think you understand social media, and perhaps I can refresh your creativity online. Come, even if you aren't online and your congregation is older. Coaching is available.


The Natchitoches Parish Registrar of Voters office will utilize recently acquired software to link your driver's license to the registered voters database during Early Voting for the Oct. 14 election.
A simple swipe of your driver's license will speed up the sign in process for early voting as long as the information matches.
Early voting will be Saturday, Sept. 30-Saturday, Oct. 7 from 8:30 a.m.-6 p.m. (closed on Sunday).


But there are many fish and other species that call Aquaponics 'home'.
Do You Want Ornamental or Edible Species?
You should consider where your Aquaponic system will be kept and the temperature of the environment. If you live in, ie Florida, you want to keep warm water fish such as Tilapia; or another species that can tolerate warmer water as it would be expensive to keep the water cooler for a fish that requires cooler water such as Trout. If you live in a cooler State, you can will need to use a water heater. It is important to choose a hardy species that is adaptable for your particular indoor or outdoor conditions.
Choose a species which is readily available to buy as a fingerling or juvenile fish. Selecting a suitable adult fish is also a possibility.
It is important to select a species that can and will breed in an enclosed aquarium or tank if you want to produce your own stock.
Below I've gathered information regarding the various fish that have been kept in Aquaponic systems and details including their required water temperature ranges, preferred foods, etc.


text:
Japan's imports pressure nearly 800 endangered species: study
A recently released study says that Japan's imports of foodstuffs, wood product and other commodities is affecting 792 endangered species in various parts of the world. | KYODO
Japan's imports of foodstuffs, wood products and other commodities affect 792 endangered species in Southeast Asia and around the world, according to a study on the impact of Japanese consumer habits.
A cup of coffee using imported beans, for instance, may push leopards in Africa to the edge of extinction, the results of a biodiversity footprint survey led by Keiichiro Kanemoto of Shinshu University show.
The study tracked 15,000 commodities imported by Japan for daily consumption and analyzed their impact on about 7,000 endangered species. The researchers used data from organizations including the International Union for Conservation of Nature, which publishes the Red List of threatened species.
In Malaysia, a major exporter of plywood to Japan, deforestation has shrunk the habitats of sun bears and greater spotted eagles, while green turtle species in Papua New Guinea are declining as a result of many of them being caught as bycatch in the process of satiating Japan's appetite for fish, the study said.
Japan is also a major importer of coffee beans and sesame seeds from Ethiopia. The demand generated by its consumers has led to increased land development there, reducing the habitats available to leopards, elephants and other wild animals.
In Spain, the construction of a dam to provide electricity for olive and grape cultivation has led to a decline in the population of the Iberian lynx, a wild cat species native to the Iberian Peninsula. Spanish wine and olive oil are consumed in Japan.
Kanemoto, a specialist in environmental economics, is hoping the study will deepen the people's understanding of how human consumption affects ecosystems and help make it easier for them to choose products that are less harmful to the environment.
endangered, survey, environment, import, ecosystem


As I post this blog, I'm thinking that one should never think that they're too old, or that it's too late to do what you love. Don't quit. Too late is often just the right time.
Down by the garden our 150-year-old apple tree was loaded with blooms a few weeks ago and now it is covered with leaves and tiny apples galore. This dear determined fruit tree is the lone survivor of an orchard that once belonged to the founder of our town. His house, built in 1854, still stands, too, a few yards from my writing room window. The house was his family's home to start with, after that it became a hotel, then a city hall–and for many years was our town library. In the future it will continue to survive as a museum.
It's for fair certain that I'll not live to be as old as the apple tree, nor asold as Conser House. My 8th decade is mid-way, my hair is silver and my bones occasionally ache, but I am still blooming. My 20th book, my new novel, MISS ROYAL'S MULES, will be released this fall, and a sequel is written. Hey, I'm just getting started…!
I'd never met another professional writer anywhere but at an 'Author Event' so maybe you'll understand my lack of judgment on a day last January. We (me, my husband, and a daughter-in-law) were heading home from an outstanding art show held by our daughter, Shana, art teacher, and her Middle School art students. We considered stopping at our grandson's primitive-bow making class, too. (We're a creative bunch). I wasn't sure we should interrupt Carson's class, but curiosity about bow-making (archery) won.
Right away Carson said that I should meet an author taking the bow-making class. This guy, John Larison, looked so young approaching me. My fool mind thought, "a wanna be" likely. John had a book coming out in August. Trying not to feel too superior, I asked who was publishing this book, Whiskey When We're Dry? John answered, Viking. I almost dropped to the floor.
Yes, one of New York's topmost publishers. Minutes before our arrival, John had received word that his book was optioned for a movie. Thank heaven he couldn't read my mind, earlier! We had such a great time, talking about why we set our books in the 1800s, wrote about the West, and our favorite books. We'd both loved News of the World. High on his list was True Grit, which shares similarities with Whiskey When We're Dry. Do check it out on line for lots more information.
My grandson snapped this photo of John and me. John was taking the class for research and to learn to make a bow for himself, and for his daughters, but had to leave without finishing–movie stuff awaiting his attention. I pre-ordered the book that same day. A seven-month wait, it was released this week.
Viking sent John "a blazing new voice in fiction" on a pre-publication tour, and out again after publication. Whiskey When We're Dry has been named Best Book by Entertainment Weekly, O Magazine, Goodreads, Southern Living, Parade – and more. Both film and TV rights have sold. I just finished reading my copy. This tale of a girl who passes as a man to find her outlaw brother and bring him home is gritty, insightful, moving, and unforgettable. I'm still in awe of John's writing.


CAD Exchanger SDK helps Vectorcam to expand interoperability of its flagship CNC programming system.
Version 2.5.0 delivers support of multiple new configurations (Windows 8, Visual Studio 2012, ACIS R24, etc) along with various enhancements and fixes across all components. Details can be found in the CHANGES file and the free evaluation version can be found in the Downloads section.
Version 2.4.3 features support of Parasolid versions up to v25, addresses particular configurations in ACIS, Parasolid and JT formats, as well as several improvements in GUI reported by users. Check the CHANGES file and try the evaluation version.
GCAS chooses CAD Exchanger to streamline the importing of STEP geometry and creating the Computational Mesh.


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Drag Queen Story Time at Trinity!
Click to Attend
Some Trinity members may be wondering what exactly is a "Drag Queen Story Time (DQST)" and why our church has decided to host one. A central Christian understanding is that human beings are created in God's own image. In the Baptismal Covenant of The Episcopal Church, we promise to respect the dignity of every human being. In that spirit, we are celebrating the gifts of a member of the community, who will be the featured presenter in this program of stories, songs, movement, and crafts for young people. Drag Queen Story Time is like a normal library story time created for children, with picture books, songs, movement, games, and crafts. In particular, DQST emphasizes themes of acceptance, diversity, love, and kindness. Uniquely, DQST features a drag queen as storyteller. Since its inception over three years ago, DQST has expanded nationally. These events have become increasingly popular, drawing large crowds. Drag Queen Story Times have even begun to pop up at libraries, schools, and bookstores globally in Canada, England, and even Tokyo, Japan.
The DQST to be hosted at Trinity will include several children's stories about inclusion and acceptance written from a religious perspective. Our featured storyteller, Balena Canto, will read A Church for All, by Gayle E. Pitman. This simple, lyrical story celebrates a diverse community on a Sunday morning at an inclusive church that welcomes all people regardless of age, class, race, gender identity, and sexual orientation. She will also read God's Dream, by Archbishop Desmond Tutu. Archbishop Tutu has a vision of God's dream, which he shares here with the youngest of listeners. It involves people who reach out and hold each other's hands, but sometimes get angry and hurt each other — and say they're sorry and forgive. It's a wish that everyone will see they are brothers and sisters, no matter their way of speaking to God, no matter the size of their nose or the shade of their skin. Aided by vibrant artwork evoking such images as a rainbow and a sharing circle, Tutu offers the essence of his ubuntu philosophy, a wisdom so clear and crystalline that even the smallest child can understand. Lastly, the story time will include other books, songs, and movement activities, some with and some without an explicitly religious component.
DQST is a fun experience that fosters creativity and at the same time provides children with a positive and confident LGBTQ adult role model. They see someone who is comfortable with exactly who they are. It gives an example to those children who may feel or one day feel similarly. It also shows people how to embrace, accept, and feel empathy towards those different from them, even if that difference is something they might not fully understand. The hope is that by providing this opportunity at an early age, DQST will help diminish the harrowing effects of bullying: "LGBTQ-positive programs like DQST are a vital part of making the world a safe and affirming place for all children" (Drag Queen Story Hour organization website).
Having a drag queen as a children's storyteller offers LGBTQ (and all) youth an experience they would not normally be able to access. This is because DQST is geared specifically towards children and contains age-appropriate content, whereas a "traditional" drag show is usually held at 21+ venues and is for an adult audience. Additionally, these programs strive to foster awareness and acceptance of ALL facets of identity, like race, religion, nationality, age, disability, socio-economic status, familial structure, and more. At its core, DQST is advocacy for love and acceptance. Finally, drag queens are natural born performers. They are energetic, funny, and know how to address a crowd and hold their attention.
People who are unfamiliar with the idea of Drag Queen Story Hour (DQSH) can be concerned about a hidden agenda. Here is a quote from the DQSH National Organization website: "The agenda is simple: A belief that people of all ages should be free to express themselves however they want, free from the constraints of prescribed gender roles. …DQSH teaches children that there are many ways to express themselves and their gender, and they are all OK. Of course, drag is an art form that is rooted in diverse LGBTQ communities, and we support equality, justice, and respect for all people. …Given that LGBTQ people are present in every community, we believe that children deserve to be exposed to these aspects of our shared history and culture, in age appropriate ways...."
The character of Balena Canto is created by Matthew Maisano, Trinity's bass section leader and soloist, opera singer, and library assistant at the Penn Wynne Library. In Matthew's own words, his goal "is to show our youngest generations that they can create a world full of love and acceptance instead of hate and bigotry. A world where regardless of the intersections of their identity, a child can go to school feeling free of the anxiety, pain, and anguish of daily bullying, harassment, and violence. Where people of all ages can easily find love and support and know that it is okay to seek help when they feel alone, confused, or are even contemplating personal harm." Matthew recently appeared with the Opera Company of Philadelphia in "Love for Three Oranges." Matthew is a popular presenter of Drag Queen Story Times. You can find out about upcoming performances by following Matthew on Facebook at www.facebook.com/balenacanto. We thank Matthew for finding time for this event!
--Welcoming and Affirming Committee


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Altro also manufacture transport flooring.


While we are familiar with the traditional advertisement that doesn't give back to the viewers, innovative Kenyans have developed an Android advertising App that is ready to pay the viewers for watching ads. Choto, a new Smartphone App launched in Nairobi, Kenya, is ready to get your pocket sorted just by watching an advertisement.
Choto is mobile application founded in the year 2016 aims to make marketing great and fun by creating a platform where one watches the adverts aired on it and make money in return. The App offers the advertisers an affordable advertising service and exposes their products and services to a wide range of viewers.
On the other hand the viewers who watch adverts on Choto App are able to make money by simply watching adverts to the very end. The viewers are also exposed to a large variety of adverts hence are aware of various products and services offered out there and can be able to engage easily and make informed decisions during purchase. The viewer needs to download the Choto app on his/her Smartphone from the Google Play store, agree with terms and conditions offered and proceed to create an account.
He or she will be needed to watch the advertisement to the end. Payment will be availed to his or her mobile number through the mobile banking for withdrawal upon approval.


Our company is the most organized and professional in the GTA. We are proud new Canadians, working hard to promote the growth of our business. We specialize in Drain Installation and Repairs. We have quality machines to clear your drains as well as power flushing of your drains. We offer new technology drain relining without digging. We do all types of plumbing repairs including installation of new fixtures. We specialize in waterproofing, fixing leaky basements, and installation of new weeping tiles. We hope you will give us the opportunity to prove to you that we are a quality company.


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The Tennis Space
ON COURT
© Ella Ling
Wilander: Murray's result in California is irrelevant
Mats Wilander, a winner of seven grand slam titles, tells The Tennis Space why Andy Murray's early defeat in Indian Wells doesn't matter one bit ("irrelevant – I wish people would realise that"), and why the Scot will be the most improved player on the men's tour this season ("the others in the locker room will now be thinking, 'Holy s—, he's here to play'"),
Wilander on Murray's defeat in Indian Wells, where he lost his opening match:
"Murray's defeat in Indian Wells? Irrelevant. I wish people would realise that, for Murray, it's all about the grand slams. Tournaments like Indian Wells and Miami only matter financially. Murray's record against Djokovic, Nadal and Federer at tournaments other than slams, it doesn't mean s—. What matters is how he does against the top three at the grand slams.
"If Murray stopped now, you could say that he's had a brilliant career. He would be remembered for a while as a fantastic tennis player, but he wants more than that. His whole focus has to be on winning a grand slam. In some ways, it's probably no bad thing for him not doing well as tournaments like Indian Wells, as it shows him what really matters. Losing early in Indian Wells, and maybe in Miami? Irrelevant, I would say.
"Does his ranking even matter? If he's number 4 in the world, number 8 or number 12, that doesn't matter. Perhaps it would even make life easier for him, having a lower ranking. Beating Nadal in the fourth round of a major would be easier than beating him in the semi-finals. It only matters now if he becomes number one. Otherwise, doesn't matter, it's about winning a slam."
Wilander on how Lendl has helped Murray:
"Murray will be the most improved player on the men's tour this year. Lendl is making a big difference, already a real big difference. The biggest difference has been to his approach. He's not looking up at his box during matches, he's taking some more responsibility. If he loses, if the plan doesn't work out, he knows it's his fault. He's not going to blame anyone else, and that's good to see.
"The players will be looking differently at Murray now. He's changing perceptions. They're going to be looking at him and thinking, 'Holy s—, he's here to play'. I think it's much more likely now that Murray will win a grand slam. That's why Murray hired Lendl, right, to help him win a slam? It's going well so far, but let's see whether it lasts. You never know with these relationships – Murray could grow tired of the way that Lendl talks to him, who knows?"
Wilander on Murray at the slams:
"What matters now is how Murray does at the other three slams this year. He can beat Djokovic, Nadal and Federer away from the slams, but has not yet mastered beating them on the big stage. Look at his semi-final against Djokovic at the Australian Open; he was up by two sets to one and then played some sloppy tennis at the start of the fourth set. That's where he lost it."
Mats Wilander competes on the ATP Champions Tour which culminates at the Royal Albert Hall in December. For more information go to www.atpchampionstour.com and for tickets to the Masters Tennis at the Royal Albert Hall call 0207 0704404 or go to www.aegonmasterstennis.com/tickets/
I do agree with mats but the thing IS, nobody ,not even federer have beaten djokovic and nadal back to back in a slam.if you somehow beat one of them you still have the other one to beat.
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What Murray has to do to become world No 1 this year
Simon Cambers looks at the ranking points
Chris Evert exclusive: Serena can win 20 grand slams
Chris Evert talks to The Tennis Space
Evert exclusive: Lendl keeps Murray mentally balanced
Janko Tipsarevic column
'I'm a diplomat in surf shorts'
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Should Andy Murray be knighted?
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This map is updated as of 9/17/18 replacing Creek Road with Sunrise Road. Don't worry if you have the older version as either will be accepted to receive the coin.
Check geocaching.com to make sure the new sites have been accepted!
Can not wait for the trail. Exciting.
Realy enjoying the goe cacheing in the area, now i know where the put my tax money to good use. All the constitution in armstrong co.
Looking forward to doing the ACD W.A.T.E.R. GeoTrail,I plan on driving up one weekend this month to get the needed code words.


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Q: How is pion decay compatible with conservation of angular momentum? A pion is a spin-zero composite particle, so $S = S^z = 0$. A $\pi^-$ pion can decay into an antineutrino $\bar{\nu}$ and a negatively charged lepton $l$, each with spin-$1/2$. Let the direction of antineutrino motion be the positive $z$-axis. Since all antineutrinos are right-handed (neglecting neutrino masses), the neutrino must have $S^z = +1/2$. Conservation of $S^z_\text{tot} = 0$ then requires that the lepton have $S^z = -1/2$. But then the spin degrees of freedom
$$| \uparrow \rangle_{\bar{\nu}} | \downarrow \rangle_l = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \left[ \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \left( | \uparrow \rangle_{\bar{\nu}} | \downarrow \rangle_l - | \downarrow \rangle_{\bar{\nu}} | \uparrow \rangle_l \right) \right] + \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \left[ \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \left( | \uparrow \rangle_{\bar{\nu}} | \downarrow \rangle_l + | \downarrow \rangle_{\bar{\nu}} | \uparrow \rangle_l \right) \right]$$
seem to have components in both the $S_\text{tot} = 0$ (singlet) and $S_\text{tot} = 1$ (triplet) sectors. How is this compatible with the conservation of $S_\text{tot} = 0$?

A: Only the component of the spin wavefunction that has a nonzero projection onto $S=0$ will be present in the decay. That factor of $\frac{1}{\sqrt 2}$ gets factored in and reduces the decay probability by half (which is already taken into account).


The Youth Exchange Officers Preconvention offers an exciting opportunity to network with Rotarians involved in the Rotary Youth Exchange program from around the world. You will learn alongside friends, exchange ideas, and make connections for future exchanges while exploring the breathtaking city of Hamburg.
Our program features general sessions as well as interactive workshops. This year's schedule is not yet confirmed, but you can review last year's program.
All registrants are invited to attend a welcome reception on the evening of Thursday, 30 May. Preconvention sessions will be held all day Friday, 31 May, and Saturday, 1 June.
Relax with friends and celebrate the spirit of collaboration at this year's Youth Exchange Officers Banquet. Banquet tickets are not included in the preconvention registration fee. Purchase your tickets when you register.
The event is open to all Rotarians interested in the Youth Exchange program.
If you plan to attend the Rotary International Convention and the Youth Exchange Officers Preconvention, you can register online.
All district governors are encouraged to send their district's Youth Exchange officers to the preconvention each year. Contact your district to see if funding is available.
Join Youth Exchange officers from around the world on our preconvention Facebook page.


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Turbulent dissipation in space plasmas
Theo Murphy meeting organised by Dr Julia Stawarz, Dr Daniel Verscharen and Dr Christopher Chen.
30 - 31 May 2022, 09:00 - 17:00
Add to Calendar 05/30/22 09:00 AM 05/31/22 05:00 PM United Kingdom (GMT) Turbulent dissipation in space plasmas
Theo Murphy meeting organised by Dr Julia Stawarz, Dr Daniel Verscharen and Dr Christopher Chen.
 Eastwood Hall
This meeting brought together experts on plasma turbulence in the solar wind and Earth's magnetosphere to discuss the latest cutting-edge results on the role of collision-less plasma processes in turbulent energy dissipation from the revolutionary Magnetospheric Multiscale and Parker Solar Probe spacecraft. These discussions provided crucial input for the ongoing science operations of these and future space missions.
The schedule of talks and speaker biographies are available below. Speaker abstracts are also available below.
Attending this event
This meeting has taken place.
Enquiries: contact the Scientific Programmes team.
Parker Solar Probe © NASA
Dr Julia E Stawarz, Imperial College London, UK
Dr Julia Stawarz is a Royal Society University Research Fellow in the Space and Atmospheric Physics group at Imperial College London. She received her PhD from the University of Colorado, Boulder in 2016 where she held a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship. She was awarded the Basu United States Early Career Award from the American Geophysical Union in 2018 and the Winton Award in Geophysics from the Royal Astronomical Society in 2021. Her research focuses on using in situ spacecraft measurements to examine fundamental plasma processes such as turbulence and magnetic reconnection across the various plasma environments accessible in near-Earth space, such as Earth's magnetosphere and the solar wind. She is closely involved as a member of the science team with NASA's Magnetospheric Multiscale mission and has worked with data from a variety of other missions including NASA's Parker Solar Probe, ACE and THEMIS missions and ESA's Solar Orbiter.
Dr Christopher Chen, Queen Mary University of London, UK
Dr Christopher Chen is a Senior Lecturer in the Astronomy Unit of the Department of Physics and Astronomy at Queen Mary University of London. His research investigates fundamental processes in space plasmas and specialises in the use of spacecraft observations to study turbulence, instabilities and kinetic plasma physics in the solar wind. He has worked on data from many different space missions, most recently from the Magnetospheric Multiscale and Parker Solar Probe spacecraft. He gained his PhD in Space Physics at Imperial College London in 2011, before taking up a research position at the University of California, Berkeley. In 2013, he returned to Imperial as a Junior Research Fellow and in 2016 was awarded an STFC Ernest Rutherford Fellowship. In 2017, he moved to QMUL to become a Lecturer, and then in 2021 Senior Lecturer, in Space Plasma Physics.
Dr Daniel Verscharen, Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, UK
Daniel received his PhD from the Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research and the Technical University Braunschweig, Germany in 2012 for his work on convected wave structures and spectral transfer in space plasmas. He then moved to the University of New Hampshire's Space Science Center, where he worked on the kinetic physics of the solar wind as a Research Scientist and later as a Research Assistant Professor. Since 2017, he holds an Ernest Rutherford Fellowship from the UK's Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) and a position as a Proleptic Lecturer in Space Plasma Physics at the University College London's Mullard Space Science Laboratory (MSSL). He is a leading expert in combining theoretical studies with spacecraft observations to understand the kinetic physics of the solar wind and turbulence in space plasmas.
Monday 30 May
Tuesday 31 May
Welcome by the Royal Society and the lead organiser
The discrete sources of solar wind energisation
After eleven orbits around the Sun, measurements from the NASA Parker Solar Probe mission have begun to reveal the nature of solar wind energisation and its discrete sources. Previously termed 'microstreams', individual streams of hot, accelerated solar wind are emerging from coronal holes and are organised in Carrington longitude by the known angular scale of the photospheric network magnetic field. These discrete microstreams are highly Alfvenic, show faster, hotter solar wind, enhanced alpha particle abundance, and steep suprathermal ion tails to greater than 100 keV. The microstream structures overexpand and merge together to form a more homogeneous solar wind in the outer heliosphere. The origin of this solar wind in the network magnetic 'funnels' at the boundary of supergranulation cells provides clues as to the physical mechanisms at work to impart energy. Professor Bale will review the state of the art of the PSP measurements and their implications for the coronal heating problem.
Professor Stuart D Bale, University of California Berkeley, USA
Stuart D Bale is a Professor of Physics at the University of California, Berkeley. He is the former Director of the Berkeley Space Sciences Laboratory (SSL) there. He received his PhD in Physics from the University of Minnesota in 1994. After three years of postdoctoral work at Queen Mary College, University of London, he joined UC Berkeley. He has held visiting positions at the Observatoire de Paris, Meudon (Univ. Paris VII), the University of Sydney and Imperial College, London. He is the recipient of the 2003 US Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers (PECASE) and a Fellow of the American Physical Society (APS). Bale is interested in experimental plasma astrophysics and particle energization in astrophysical and heliospheric plasmas. He is the NASA Principal Investigator for experiments on the Wind, STEREO, and Parker
Solar Probe missions and the NASA Lunar Surface Electromagnetics (LuSEE) experiment to fly on a lunar lander in 2024.
MMS in the turbulent transition region of Earth's bow shock and beyond
In this talk, Dr Gingell will begin with a discussion and review of the measurements and observations of turbulence accessible in the near-Earth plasma environment by the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission. She will then present recent advances in using MMS observations to characterise turbulent processes in the Earth's bow shock and near-shock magnetosheath. Simulations and observations have revealed that the bow shock hosts an apparently turbulent or disordered transition region generated by instabilities in the shock foot. This region is known to contain coherent, reconnecting current structures, similar to those found in other turbulent plasmas such as the solar wind and magnetosheath. Many of these structures are convected through the shock layer, surviving into the magnetosheath downstream. We expect these thin current sheets and flux ropes to play a significant role in dissipation of turbulent fluctuations through the shock transition. However, it is not yet clear whether these shock processes are separable from processes in the sheath: are they localised to a thin shock layer, or does shock-driven turbulence smoothly evolve into magnetosheath turbulence? In order to investigate these questions, Dr Gingell will present recent studies for which she quantifies the prevalence of thin current sheets and characterise the turbulent magnetic fluctuations as they evolve through the shock transition region.
Dr Imogen Gingell, University of Southampton, UK
Dr Imogen Gingell is a Royal Society University Research Fellow based in the space environment physics group at University of Southampton. She gained her PhD in fusion plasma physics at the University of Warwick in 2013, and went on to join space physics groups at Queen Mary University of London and Imperial College London. Her research targets kinetic-scale plasma process including instabilities, magnetic reconnection and turbulence, with a particular focus on the dynamics and energetics of collisionless shock waves. She has experience with both observation data (especially with Magnetospheric Multiscale) and numerical simulations, with several studies using combinations of the two to characterise complex regions of Earth's local plasma environment.
Alfvénic and non-Alfvénic turbulence in the inner heliosphere: insights from Parker Solar Probe
Professor Velli will discuss the turbulence embedded in the solar wind outflow observed by Parker Solar Probe over the first 10 encounters, including characteristics such as overall magnitude, Alfvénicity, relative magnitude of density fluctuations, prevalence of switchback structures. He will then describe what we have learned thanks to Parker of the relationship of the turbulence properties to the solar wind origins, before arguing how structures such as magnetic funnels, isolated coronal holes, coronal hole boundaries, pseudostreamers, helmet streamers and the nascent heliospheric current sheet contribute to the formation and evolution of turbulence in the inner heliosphere.
Professor Marco Velli, UCLA, USA
A student of the University of Pisa and Scuola Normale Superiore, he has spent research periods at the University of St. Andrews, Paris Observatory, as well as the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, where he remains a Senior Scientist. Marco Velli's research has focused on space plasma physics and solar magnetic activity. Velli was the first to suggest that wave reflection plays a role in the formation of the turbulence spectrum seen in the solar wind. This work was the basis for his election to AGU fellowship in 2014. Professor Velli demonstrated the dynamical reason the solar wind is supersonic and showed that generally speaking subsonic flows connecting a star to the interstellar medium survive only over a vanishingly small range of parameters.
Professor Velli played a major role in the development of Parker Solar Probe (PSP), as well as in the Science Definition team for Solar Orbiter.
An incomplete theory of dissipation in collisionless plasmas
Fluid-based studies of dissipation have met with great success in collisional mediums including work in turbulence and dense plasmas. However, this success has not been fully realized in collisionless plasmas where a better understanding of dissipation has been elusive. The essence of the problem that, in a collisionless plasma, there may be no 'good' definition of fluid parameters that separates internal energy from flow energy. To avoid this issue, Professor Ergun takes an approach to dissipation that involves phase-space mixing or 'scattering domains'. He shows that, when phase-space mixing or 'scattering domains' are considered, Liouville's theorem does not necessarily apply and that Vlasov's equation does not necessarily conserve entropy. He develops an incomplete theory based on Lyapunov-like scattering that may be able to predict dissipation rates based on electric field spectra in a simple 1D system.
Professor Robert Ergun, University of Colorado Boulder, USA
Professor Robert Ergun is in the Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences and a member of the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics at the University of Colorado at Boulder, CO. He has provided flight hardware for measuring electric fields and particles in space on eight NASA satellite missions including Wind, FAST, STEREO, THEMIS, RBSP, MAVEN, MMS, and Parker Solar Probe.
Kinetic physics of dissipation
In this talk, Dr Klein will discuss recent advances in our theories for the dissipation of turbulence in weakly collisional plasmas and the role that such dissipation plays in governing the evolution of space and astrophysical systems. An overview of the various mechanisms that couple the turbulent electromagnetic fields to the particle flows and distributions is provided, as well as evidence for these different processes from numerical simulations as well as in situ measurements of the plasma from NASA and ESA missions such as Parker Solar Probe, Solar Orbiter, and MMS. Open questions regarding what work needs to be done to ascertain what dissipation mechanisms act under what conditions will be posed, as well as possible advances that will be enabled by future observations, such as multi-point, multi-scale measurements from missions such as HelioSwarm.
Professor Kristopher G Klein, The University of Arizona, USA
Kristopher Klein is an Assistant Professor at the University of Arizona at the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory. Professor Klein studies turbulent transport and dissipation in space and astrophysical plasmas, describing how energy moves through and is removed from such systems. He received a BA in Physics and Mathematics from Luther College in 2008 and his PhD in 2013 from the University of Iowa, modelling solar wind turbulence using numerical simulations. He worked as a postdoc at the University of New Hampshire and the University of Michigan studying preparing predictions for NASA's Parker Solar Probe mission as a member of the SWEAP Science team. He started his current position at University of Arizona in 2018, and is the Deputy Principle Investigator of the HelioSwarm Mission, a NASA MidEx composed of nine spacecraft set to be launched in the late 2020's to study the cross-scale nature of turbulence in near-Earth plasmas.
How non-equilibrium thermodynamics constrains magnetohydrodynamics, in the solar wind and beyond
In this talk, Professor Kunz will focus on the different ways in which departures from local thermodynamic equilibrium, produced naturally in weakly collisional plasmas and biased anisotropically by magnetic fields, place constraints on plasma dynamics in the solar wind and other astrophysical environments. These constraints afflict not only simple waves and fundamental plasma processes such as magnetic reconnection, but also highly nonlinear phenomenon like plasma turbulence and particle energization. After providing some background and observational context, three demonstrations of this physics will be featured. (1) Above a beta-dependent amplitude threshold, Alfvén waves interrupt their own propagation, ion-acoustic waves stifle their own Landau damping, and other collisionless compressive fluctuations exhibit dynamics that are often more 'fluid-like' than kinetic in nature. (2) Temperature anisotropy generated adiabatically by plasma expansion (as in the solar wind) gradually reduces the effective elasticity of magnetic-field lines, causing reductions in the linear frequency and residual energy of the Alfvénic fluctuations; despite these changes, a scale-by-scale 'critical balance' persists between their characteristic linear and nonlinear frequencies. And (3), temperature anisotropy generated during current-sheet formation can drive mirror-stimulated tearing modes, which trigger reconnection on smaller scales and at earlier times than would otherwise occur. The prospects of detecting this physics in the solar wind will be briefly discussed.
Professor Matthew Kunz, Princeton University, USA
Matthew Kunz is an Associate Professor of Astrophysical Sciences at Princeton University and at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory. Professor Kunz uses analytical and numerical tools to investigate magnetic fields and multi-scale plasma dynamics in a wide variety of astrophysical systems, including galaxy clusters, accretion flows, molecular clouds, protostellar cores, protoplanetary disks, and the solar wind. He received degrees in Astronomy-Physics and Music from the University of Virginia in 2003 and a PhD in Physics from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 2009. From 2009 to 2011, he worked as a postdoctoral research associate at the Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics of the University of Oxford. Afterwards, he moved to Princeton as a NASA Einstein Fellow and Lyman Spitzer Jr. Follow, joining the faculty there in 2015. In 2017 he received a Sloan Fellowship in Physics and, in 2020, a Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) Award from the NSF.
In search of universality: collisionless fun and games in phase space
In this talk, Professor Schekochihin will be preoccupied with two main themes: are there universal collisionless equilibria, or classes thereof, and how do we determine them? What is the structure of phase-space turbulence? Making progress on the first question turns out to depend on having an answer to the second. On the second question, there is some recent, interesting news: he will show how one might go about deriving a universal phase-space spectrum of collisionless plasma turbulence [1-3] and how the outcome leads one to conclude that Landau damping (phase mixing) is suppressed in nonlinear plasma systems. Numerical experiments appear to confirm this [4-5]. In a direct application to solar wind, this offers an explanation of why observed density turbulence, despite being collisionless, appears not to be significantly damped in the inertial range [5]. He will then outline a programme for deriving 'collisionless collision integrals' and speculate about what the result might look like, depending on how well, and for how long, the particle distribution manages to conserve phase volume [6].
[1] ML Nastac, RJ Ewart, W Sengupta et al, poster at this conference (2022)
[2] T Adkins and AA Schekochihin, J. Plasma Phys. 84, 905840107 (2018)
[3] AA Schekochihin et al., J. Plasma Phys. 82, 905820212 (2016)
[4] JT Parker et al, Phys. Plasmas 23, 070703 (2016)
[5] R Meyrand et al., PNAS 116, 1185 (2019)
[6] RJ Ewart et al, arXiv:2201.03376 + poster at this conference & work in progress (2022)
Professor Alex Schekochihin, University of Oxford, UK
Alex Schekochihin is a Professor of Theoretical Physics and Fellow of Merton College at Oxford. He studied at the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, followed by a PhD from Princeton University in 2001. He held research fellowships at UCLA, Cambridge, and Imperial College London, where he was also a faculty member before moving to Oxford in 2008. Alex is co-Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Plasma Physics. For his research in laboratory and astrophysical plasmas, he received the C. Payne-Gaposchkin Medal from the Institute of Physics and the J. Dawson Award from the American Physical Society.
Connecting turbulent dissipation to the global structure of the solar wind
A growing body of evidence suggests that the solar wind is powered to a large extent by an Alfven-wave energy flux that is generated by convective motions on the surface of the Sun. As the Alfven waves propagate away from the Sun, they undergo partial reflection because of the radial variation of the Alfven speed. Reflection-driven Alfven-wave turbulence has the special property that it causes the corona and solar wind to become approximately isothermal out to the Alfven critical point. The fraction of the Alfven wave energy flux that is dissipated inside the Alfven critical point turns out to be a crucial parameter for determining the mass flux and asymptotic speed of the solar wind far from the Sun. In this talk, Professor Chandran will illustrate these points using an analytic model of reflection-driven Alfven-wave turbulence and an analytic theory of coronal heating and solar-wind acceleration.
Professor Benjamin Chandran, University of New Hampshire, USA
Dr Chandran received his PhD in 1997 from Princeton University, where he was a student in the Program in Plasma Physics within the Department of Astrophysical Sciences. He is currently a professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of New Hampshire, where he carries out research in theoretical plasma physics and space plasma physics.
Proton heating and the uncertain dimensionality of solar wind turbulence dissipation
The solar wind has many forms of anisotropy: it has a background magnetic field; it expands roughly radially; and it is nearly collisionless, supporting non-Maxwellian particle velocity distributions. In this talk Dr Wicks will discuss how these forms of anisotropy combine together in the evolution of solar wind turbulence and hypothesise on how they may affect the dissipation of energy from fluid-like flows into kinetic particle motions. To do this, he will examine results from Parker Solar Probe and Wind, showing how turbulence interacts with fluctuations at the dissipation scale and how the thermodynamics of the solar wind and the evidence for dissipation change with radial distance from the Sun. He finds that the solar wind, overall, undertakes a close-to-3D adiabatic expansion, but locally energy flows look one dimensional. Local plasma fluctuations are dominantly perpendicular to the magnetic field and result in kinetic Alfven waves at small scales, leading to parallel proton heating, but strong perpendicular temperature anisotropies arise and drive proton cyclotron wave instabilities. These are proposed to arise from different processes, turbulence in the case of KAWs but local, cyclical instability for ICWs. The turbulence itself generates local compressions and rarefactions that drive temperature anisotropy, but only in one (roughly radial) dimension. He will therefore discuss the implications of a roughly one dimensional outcome of turbulence on the multi-dimensional and anisotropic heating / cooling of the solar wind.
Dr Robert T Wicks, Northumbria University, UK
Dr Wicks is a space plasma physicist with interests in the solar corona, solar wind, turbulence and kinetic plasma physics as well as space weather and risk analysis. He is an active contributor to the ESA Solar Orbiter SWA EAS instrument and a Co-I. He currently works on the analysis of Parker Solar Probe and Solar Orbiter mission data to understand the structure of the plasma in the inner solar system, especially how the solar wind is heated and accelerated. He also works on satellite instrumentation and is funded by the UK Space Agency to study the use of lasers to transmit data at high rates between CubeSats. He is the PI of the Debye mission proposal to the ESA Fast mission call 2 to measure electron plasma physics at higher resolution than ever before, with the aim of understanding the heating and thermodynamics of plasma throughout the Universe.
Estimation of the incompressible and compressible energy cascade rates in the inner heliosphere
Compressible turbulence has been a subject of active research within the space physics community for the last three decades and is actually believed to be essential for understanding the physics of the solar wind (for instance the heating of the fast wind), of the interstellar medium (in cold molecular clouds) and other astrophysical and space phenomena. In this talk Dr Hadid will give an overview of the different studies that the group have done regarding the compressible and incompressible cascade rates in the interplanetary space. Firstly, using the exact law of compressible isothermal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence [Banerjee & Galtier, PRE, 2013], they give an estimation of the compressible energy cascade rate (|εC|) in the Earth's magnetosheath using THEMIS and CLUSTER spacecraft data and show that it is at least three orders of magnitude larger than its value in the solar wind. Moreover, they show the role of the density fluctuations in increasing the spatial anisotropy in the Earth's magnetosheath [Hadid et al., PRL, 2018]. Secondly, using the exact law of compressible Hall MHD turbulence [Andrés & Sahraoui, PRE, 2017] they give a complete estimation of |εC | at the MHD and the sub-ion scales in the Earth's magnetosheath using MMS data [Andrés et al., PRL, 2019]. Finally we show the radial evolution of the turbulent cascade rate from the Sun (~0.2 A.U.) up to Mars (~1.5 A.U.), using Parker Solar Probe and Maven data [Andrés et al. in prep].
Dr Lina Hadid, LPP, CNRS, École Polytechnique, France
Dr Lina Hadid is a space plasma physicist working at the Laboratory of Plasma Physics at the École Polytecnique in France. Her research interests are focused on the on the study of the microphysical and macrophysical processes in the solar wind (turbulence properties, estimation of energy cascade rates) and the planetary magnetopsheres at different heliocentric distances using in-situ spacecraft data from various space missions (eg Solar Orbiter, Parker Solar Probe, BepiColombo, Themis, Cluster, Cassini). She is a Co-Investigator of the Mass Spectrum Analyzer on board the magnetospheric orbiter of BepiColombo (Mio) and part of the Radio and Plasma Wave team of Solar Orbiter. She is closely involved in the coordination of the multi-spacecraft observations in the inner heliosphere, particularly from BepiColombo, Solar Orbiter and Parker Solar Probe.
Kinetic effects and dissipation in the solar wind from the Earth back to the Sun: in-situ measurements and Vlasov simulations
Turbulence in plasmas involves a complex cross-scale coupling of fields and distortions of particle distribution functions, with the emergence of non-thermal features. The heliosphere, strongly characterized by nonlinear processes, represents the best natural laboratory to study in-situ plasma turbulence and, thanks to new solar missions, it is finally possible to study the radial evolution of the solar wind as it expands in the inner heliosphere, from the solar corona out to 1 AU.
Solar wind turbulence is not homogeneous but is highly space-localized and the degree of non-homogeneity increases as the spatial/time scales decrease (intermittency). Such an intermittent nature also evolves, in fast streams, during the wind expansion, possible due to the emergence of strong non-homogeneities of the magnetic field over a broad range of scales (coherent structures). Here, the nature of turbulent fluctuations close to the ion scales, is investigated by using high-time resolution magnetic field data in different regions of the heliosphere and in different solar wind conditions. The ion scales are characterized by the presence of non-compressive coherent structures, such as current sheets, vortex-like structures, and wave packets identified as ion cyclotron modes, responsible for solar wind intermittency and strongly related to the energy dissipation. Both in-situ data and numerical simulations show that particle energization is observed in and near coherent structures. Understanding the physical mechanisms that produce coherent structures and how they contribute to dissipation in collisionless plasma can provide key insights into the general problem of solar wind heating.
Dr Denise Perrone, ASI – Italian Space Agency, Italy
Dr Denise Perrone is a permanent researcher at the Italian Space Agency (ASI) and she is the ASI Project Scientist of the SWA instrument onboard the Solar Orbiter mission. Her research focuses on the investigation of turbulent dissipation in collisionless plasma, both using kinetic numerical simulations and in-situ data analysis from a variety of missions, including NASA's Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS), NASA's Parker Solar Probe (PSP) and ESA/NASA's Solar Orbiter. She received her PhD from the University of Calabria (Italy) in 2012 in Physics of Complex Systems. She was also a Visiting Doctoral Student at the Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (Germany). She worked as Post Doc Researcher at LESIA (Observatoire de Paris) in France and as Research Associate in the Space and Atmospheric Physics group at Imperial College London. She also held a three-year ESA Research Fellowship in the Solar Orbiter group.
Observations of turbulent dissipation and particle energization in near-Earth space
Dr Chasapis will be discussing measurements of dissipation in turbulence observed in the Earth's magnetosheath and the near-Earth solar wind. Such turbulence is characterised by an abundance of small-scale intermittent structures, where significant dissipation and particle energisation occurs through a series of different kinetic-scale mechanisms. The Magnetospheric MultiScale mission is able to carry out very high-resolution multi-point measurements in near-Earth space, giving us a unique opportunity to study these mechanisms. The high time resolution plasma and fields measurements allow us to directly observe dissipative processes occurring at kinetic scales. In parallel, we can implement and test new methods to identify pathways of dissipation using multi-point measurements. Over the last few years, the four spacecraft have gathered a significant amount of data, both in the strong turbulence of the Earth's magnetosheath, as well as out in the pristine solar wind, allowing us to carry out statistical studies of turbulent dissipation. Additionally, we can adequately resolve the behaviour of suprathemral particles and their statistical behaviour in different turbulence conditions, helping us understand the role of turbulence in generating such populations.
Finally, Dr Chasapis will discuss novel configurations of the MMS spacecraft constellation, and some of their scientific results so far. Ultimately, they are paving the way for a new generation of multi-spacecraft missions, that will be able to carry out simultaneous multi-scale measurements, giving us new insights into plasma turbulence and the open questions of kinetic dissipation and particle energisation.
Dr Alexandros Chasapis, LASP – University of Colorado Boulder, USA
Alexandros Chasapis is a research scientist at the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics at the University of Colorado, Boulder. He is working on NASA's Parker Solar Probe and Magnetospheric MultiScale missions. He obtained his PhD from the Université Paris-Sud in 2015, carrying out research at the Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas, analysing data from ESA's Cluster mission. He joined the Magnetospheric MultiScale mission as a post-doctoral researcher at the University of Delaware, where he worked until 2019. His research is focused on plasma turbulence, dissipation, and particle acceleration in space. He is working on analysing in situ spacecraft observations in order to understand the mechanisms of turbulent dissipation and plasma energisation in the heliosphere.
Magnetospheric turbulence
Turbulence is a ubiquitous process in the laboratory plasma, as well as in space and astrophysical plasmas. The analysis of turbulence in the terrestrial plasma environment is the key to understanding the impact of the energy, mass and momentum transport from the solar wind to the magnetosphere and ionosphere. The most scientifically investigated space plasma is the solar wind. However, the planetary environments represent other types of space plasma, with field and plasma parameters differing from those in the solar wind. Contrarily to the solar wind case, the terrestrial plasmas are constrained by the available volumes between large-scale boundaries, such as the bow-shock and the magnetopause or the plasma sheet boundaries in the magnetotail. As a consequence, the analysis of fluid-scale processes is often not fully accessible. Despite the large variability of solar wind driven processes, both the magnetospheric and solar wind fluctuations are associated with the formation of coherent structures, and exhibit rather similar kinetic range spectral scalings and breaks near the ion scales. In this study the emphasis is on the observations of turbulence in the terrestrial magnetosheath and magnetotail. Dr Vörös will present a review on the experimental findings on magnetospheric turbulence, with the main focus being on the observations of coherent structures and various channels of energy conversion. On this basis, they aim to outline the possible strategies for further statistical investigations of magnetospheric plasma turbulence.
Dr Zoltán Vörös, Space Research Institute Graz, Austria
Zoltán Vörös is a researcher of the Space Research Institute of the Austrian Academy of Sciences in Graz, Austria. He has worked on many aspects of space plasma physics including magnetic reconnection and plasma turbulence. He has authored or co-authored over 100 papers in scientific journals. His research was supported by several Austrian (FWF – Der Wissenschaftsfonds) and European (FP7, INTAS, INTERMAGNET, ISSI) research grants allowing him to conduct research for the Cluster, Themis, MMS, Venus-Express missions.
Sub-ion turbulent cascade driven by Magnetic Reconnection
Magnetic Reconnection (MR) is a fundamental and ubiquitous process in space plasmas involving the reconfiguration of magnetic field lines, particle energisation and heating. In this talk Davide Manzini presents the spatial Coarse-Graining approach, a powerful tool that allows the study of local (in space) energy cascade, to underline how magnetic reconnection can play a determinant role in the development of turbulence at sub-ion scales.
The introduced coarse-grained quantity measures the energy transfer rate across a given scale at a given position, which is particularly convenient to study localised phenomena like MR giving rise to intense cross-scale energy transfer.
Applications to Hybrid Vlasov-Maxwell numerical simulations show an intense energy cascade at scales smaller than the ion inertial length at the reconnecting sites while none to little energy transfer is present at larger scales and at non-reconnecting locations. Furthermore, the direct application of this method to MMS Magnetospheric data shows that MR can drive sub-ion turbulence even in the absence of a turbulent MHD range, thus further highlighting the key role played by MR.
Finally he speculates on the fate of the turbulent energy cascade and propose the value of the local cascade rate at sub-ion scales as an indicative measure of localised turbulent dissipation.
Davide Manzini, LPP, École Polytechnique, France and University of Pisa, Italy
Davide Manzini is enrolled in a PhD program under the joint supervision of Professor Fouad Sahraoui (Laboratory of Plasma Physics, École Polytechnique, France) and Professor Francesco Califano (Department of Physics, University of Pisa, Italy). He was awarded a masters degree as part of a double degree program between Sorbonne Université and the University of Pisa. His research interests are focused on the study of turbulence at kinetic scales in the solar wind and Earth's magnetosphere using both in-situ data from space missions and Hybrid Vlasov-Maxwell Eulerian codes. He is also involved in the ongoing development of a new fully-kinetic Eulerian code.


text:
FONDO DE TITULIZACIÓN DE ACTIVOS SANTANDER PUBLICO 1
Announcement: Moody's: ABS and RMBS deals in the euro area periphery benefit from lower risk expectations
Rating Action: Moody's upgrades two classes of FONDO DE TITULIZACIÓN DE ACTIVOS SANTANDER PUBLICO 1 ABS notes
Rating Action: Moody's takes rating actions on Spanish ABS and RMBS transactions
Announcement: Moody's: Implications of Spain's Government Rating Upgrade on Spanish Structured Finance Transactions
Rating Action: Moody's downgrades two classes of Santander Publico 1 ABS notes
Moody's places FTA Santander Publico 1's notes on review for downgrade, Spanish public sector loans ABS
EUR 1,850 million of debt securities affected
Frankfurt am Main, March 16, 2011 -- Moody's Investors Service has placed on review for possible downgrade the following classes of Notes issued by Fondo de Titulizacion de Activos Santander Publico 1 (FTA Santander Publico 1):
....EUR1,813 million Series A Notes, Aaa (sf) placed under review for possible downgrade; previously on Dec 17, 2004 definitive rating assigned Aaa (sf)
....EUR37 million Series B Notes, A2 (sf) placed under review for possible downgrade; previously on Dec 17, 2004 definitive rating assigned A2 (sf)
RATINGS RATIONALE
Moody's places the Series A and B notes of FTA Santander Publico 1 on review for possible downgrade. The rating action is the result of the weakened financial position of Spanish regional governments and the significant increase in borrower concentration relative to the outstanding portfolio. In Moody's view, the build-up in credit enhancement since closing to 7.3% vs 3.5% as of January 2011 is very unlikely to be sufficient to compensate for the deterioration of the portfolio quality.
The performance of FTA Santander Publico 1 expressed as 90+ days delinquencies and cumulative artificial write-offs (loans more than 12 months in arrears) has been good and very stable. Since closing at the end of December 2004 until the last reporting date in January 2011, 90+ days delinquencies never exceeded 0.3% of current balance and no loan was written-off.
RATING RATIONALE
The weaker financial position of Spanish regional governments is reflected in Moody's recent downgrade of four Spanish regions on 11 March 2011, namely the Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha (A2), Generalitat de Catalunya (A3), Comunidad Autonoma de Murcia (A1) and Generalitat de Valencia (A2) by one notch and with negative outlook. The main drivers for these rating actions were a fall in tax revenues and the risk of higher future refinancing costs.
The borrower concentration of the portfolio increased as a consequence of the portfolio's amortisation. As of January 2011, the top borrower represented 6.6% of the outstanding portfolio compared with 3.1% at closing. The top ten borrowers contributed 30.6% to the outstanding portfolio compared with 20% at closing.
The current credit enhancement of Series A notes provided by the subordination of the Series B notes and the reserve fund stands at 7.3%. The credit enhancement for Series B notes provided by the reserve fund stands at 3.3%. Given the current pro-rata amortisation on the notes and the amortisation of the reserve fund, Series A noteholders do not benefit from deleveraging. The current credit enhancement levels below the Aaa(sf) rated Series A notes would barely cover for the default of the top two borrowers. Overall, Moody's placed the ratings of the outstanding Series A and B notes on review for possible downgrade given the combination of (i) lower than expected borrower credit quality; (ii) higher borrower concentration; and (iii) limited build-up of credit enhancement.
During the review process, Moody's will reassess the expected default probability of the borrower and the recovery rate expectation and will measure the impact of the reviewed assumptions on the notes rating.
TRANSACTION STRUCTURE
FTA Santander Publico 1 is a static transaction, which closed in December 2004. The portfolio securitised was originated by Banco Santander (Aa2/P-1/both under review for possible downgrade) and consists of loans granted to Spanish public sector entities. Currently, the outstanding Series of A and B notes amortise on a pro-rata basis after a certain level of credit enhancement provided by subordination below Series A notes was built up. The priority of payments would revert to a sequential amortisation if certain criteria were met, such as the 90+ days delinquency level exceeding 1%, the reserve fund not being fully funded or the Series B notes amount reaching EUR9.25 million. The EUR15.79 million reserve fund is also currently amortising until it will reach its target level of EUR13.875 million.
Sebastian Hoepfner
Moody's Deutschland GmbH
JOURNALISTS: 44 20 7772 5456
SUBSCRIBERS: 44 20 7772 5454
Carole Gintz
VP - Senior Credit Officer
Moody's France SAS
An der Welle 5
Frankfurt am Main 60322


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For MP, Gary Schellenberger (Pert- Wellington), it's all about being able to attend the Olympics: "If we are sinittg, how do MPs get to those events. It makes sense that we are not sinittg." (Stratford Beacon Herald, 7 Jan 2010).


Activity of China's manufacturing sector fell more than expected in July. Official data from the Statistics Bureau showed that the official manufacturing PMI dropped to 51.2 in July from 51.5 in June, lower than the forecasts of 51.3 in July. It was also the lowest index reading since February but remained above the 50-point mark that separates growth from contraction for a 24th straight month.
Meanwhile, services PMI, covering services and construction which accounts for more than half of China's economy, stood at 54, compared with 55 in June. The composite PMI, which covers both manufacturing and services activity, fell to 53.6 in July, from 54.4 in June.
The report notes that recently the decline in PMI is largely due to the growing trade tension between the US and China and the cyclical processes caused by the beginning of the traditional season, which is characterized by a decrease in the activity of Chinese enterprises. The index of activity of large enterprises of China fell to 52.4 in July from 52.9 in June. Activity of small enterprises decreased by 0.5 points, to the level of 49.3.


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Scott Austin is Chief Operating Officer of ALG.
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text:
motion_require 'base'

# Define template row:
# {
#   title: "Add nickname",
#   key: :nicknames,
#   type: :template,
#   template: {
#     title: 'Nickname %{index}',
#     type: :string
#   }
#   value: ['Samy', 'Pamy']
# }

# row.value = ['Samy', 'Pamy']
module Formotion
  module RowType
    class TemplateRow < Base
      include BubbleWrap::KVO

      def cellEditingStyle
        UITableViewCellEditingStyleInsert
      end

      def indentWhileEditing?
        true
      end

      def build_cell(cell)
        cell.selectionStyle = self.row.selection_style || UITableViewCellSelectionStyleBlue
        @add_button ||= begin
          button = UIButton.buttonWithType(UIButtonTypeContactAdd)
          button.when(UIControlEventTouchUpInside) do
            self._on_select(nil, nil)
          end
          button
        end
        cell.accessoryView = @add_button
        nil
      end

      def on_select(tableView, tableViewDelegate)
        on_insert(tableView, tableViewDelegate)
      end

      def on_insert(tableView, tableViewDelegate)
        new_row = build_new_row
        move_row_in_list(new_row)
        insert_row(new_row)
      end

      def build_new_row(options = {})
        # build row
        new_row = row.section.create_row(row.template.merge(options))
        new_row.object.instance_eval do
          def after_delete
            template_value = row.template_parent.value
            template_value.delete_at(row.index)
            row.template_parent.value = template_value
            row.template_parent.template_children.delete_at(row.index)
          end
        end

        # inherit some infos to template child
        if row.on_tap_callback
          new_row.on_tap_callback = row.on_tap_callback
        end
        if row.on_delete_callback
          new_row.on_delete_callback = row.on_delete_callback
        end
        new_row.key = "#{row.key}_template".to_sym

        new_row.remove_on_delete = true
        new_row.template_parent = row
        row.template_children ||= []
        row.template_children << new_row
        observe(new_row, "value") do |old_value, new_value|
          template_value = row.value.dup
          template_value[new_row.index] = new_row.value
          row.value = template_value
        end
        new_row
      end

      def move_row_in_list(new_row)
        # move to top
        row.section.rows.pop
        row.section.rows.insert(row.template_children.count - 1, new_row)

        # reset indexes
        row.section.refresh_row_indexes
      end

      def insert_row(template_row, with_animation = true)
        animation = with_animation ? UITableViewRowAnimationBottom : UITableViewRowAnimationNone
        index_path = NSIndexPath.indexPathForRow(template_row.index, inSection:row.section.index)
        tableView.beginUpdates
        tableView.insertRowsAtIndexPaths [index_path], withRowAnimation:animation
        tableView.endUpdates
      end

      def delete_row(template_row, with_animation = true)
        animation = with_animation ? UITableViewRowAnimationTop : UITableViewRowAnimationNone
        index_path = NSIndexPath.indexPathForRow(template_row.index, inSection:row.section.index)
        tableView.beginUpdates
        tableView.deleteRowsAtIndexPaths [index_path], withRowAnimation:animation
        tableView.endUpdates
      end

      def update_template_rows
        row.value ||= []
        if row.value.count > row.template_children.count
          row.value[row.template_children.count..-1].each do |value|
            new_row = build_new_row({:value => value})
            move_row_in_list(new_row)
            insert_row(new_row) if tableView
          end
        elsif row.value.count < row.template_children.count
          row.template_children[row.value.count..-1].each do |row_to_delete|
            row.section.rows.delete(row_to_delete)
            row.template_children.delete(row_to_delete)
            row.section.refresh_row_indexes
            delete_row(row_to_delete) if tableView
          end
        end

        row.value.dup.each_with_index do |new_value, index|
          template_child = row.template_children[index]
          old_value = template_child.value
          if old_value != new_value
            template_child.value = new_value
          end
        end
      end

    end
  end
end