text:
Quality improvement interventions to prevent unplanned extubations in pediatric critical care: a systematic review
Krista Wollny ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-10301,2,3,4,
Sara Cui2,
Deborah McNeil2,5,
Karen Benzies2,3,6,
Simon J. Parsons4,
Tolulope Sajobi1 &
Amy Metcalfe1,3,7,8
An unplanned extubation is the uncontrolled and accidental removal of a breathing tube and is an important quality indicator in pediatric critical care. The objective of this review was to comprehensively synthesize literature published on quality improvement (QI) practices implemented to reduce the rate of unplanned extubations in critically ill children.
We included original, primary research on quality improvement interventions to reduce the rate of unplanned extubations in pediatric critical care. A search was conducted in MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase, and CINAHL from inception through April 29, 2021. Two reviewers independently screened citations in duplicate using pre-determined eligibility criteria. Data from included studies were abstracted using a tool created by the authors, and QI interventions were categorized using the Behavior Change Wheel. Vote counting based on the direct of effect was used to describe the effectiveness of quality improvement interventions. Study quality was assessed using the Quality Improvement Minimum Quality Criteria Set (QI-MQCS). Results were presented as descriptive statistics and narrative syntheses.
Thirteen studies were included in the final review. Eleven described primary QI projects; two were sustainability studies that followed up on previously described QI interventions. Under half of the included studies were rated as high-quality. The median number of QI interventions described by each study was 5 [IQR 4–5], with a focus on guidelines, environmental restructuring, education, training, and communication. Ten studies reported decreased unplanned extubation rates after the QI intervention; of these, seven had statistically significant reductions. Both sustainability studies observed increased rates that were not statistically significant.
This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of QI interventions to reduce unplanned extubation. With only half the studies achieving a high-quality rating, there is room for improvement when conducting and reporting research in this area. Findings from this review can be used to support clinical recommendations to prevent unplanned extubations, and support patient safety in pediatric critical care.
This review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021252233) prior to data extraction.
Endotracheal intubation is a life-saving intervention in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), used to assist children with breathing when they are unable to do so on their own. An unplanned extubation is defined as the uncontrolled and accidental removal of the endotracheal tube (ETT) and can adversely affect health outcomes [1,2,3]. Unplanned extubations are associated with increased number of ventilation days, longer length of stay in both the PICU and the hospital, increased medical expenses, and increased morbidity and mortality. Risk factors for unplanned extubation in the PICU include younger age [4,5,6,7], agitation [8,9,10], oral intubation [5], poor ETT fixation [11,12,13], copious secretions [4, 7, 14], patient procedures [15, 16], inadequate sedation [17, 18], repositioning/transport [10, 19], lack of restraints [4, 14, 20], and nurse-patient ratios [9, 14].
Recent studies have demonstrated rates of unplanned extubation in PICUs range between 0.11 and 6.4 events/100 airway days [1,2,3]. Quality improvement (QI) projects have been effective in decreasing the rate of unplanned extubations, usually targeting a rate less than 0.6/100 airway days [13, 21, 22]. Quality improvement has been defined as "systematic, data-guided activities designed to bring about immediate, positive changes in the delivery of health care in particular settings" [23]. The purpose of quality improvement is to deliver healthcare that is safe, effective, patient-centered, timely, efficient, and equitable [24]. Quality improvement involves continuous changes to practice at the local level, with the aim to improve patient and population health outcomes. Quality improvement interventions to prevent unplanned extubations have been primarily targeted towards staff education, standardizing sedation protocols, and standardizing procedures such as ETT securement, hygiene, and transport [10, 21, 22]. Due to the varying patient care practices and root-causes across individual PICUs, a variety of preventative practices have been implemented with inconsistent results.
The purpose of this article is to comprehensively review the literature that has been published on QI practices implemented to reduce the rate of unplanned extubations in critically ill children. Findings from this review will support clinical recommendations to prevent unplanned extubations, positively supporting patient safety in pediatric critical care.
This systematic review was conducted and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) 2020 reporting guidelines [25] (Supplemental Table 1) and was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021252233) prior to data extraction.
We aimed to include literature on quality improvement interventions to reduce the rate of unplanned extubations in pediatric critical care. Studies were excluded if they 1) were not primary research (e.g., reviews, commentaries) 2); had a population focus outside of pediatric critical care (e.g., adult critical care or neonatal critical care) 3); did not include unplanned extubation rates; or 4) were only presented as an abstract.
Information sources and search strategy
Literature searches were conducted in MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase, and CINAHL, from database inception to April 29, 2021. The search strategies for each database were developed using literature on the topic and in consultation with clinical experts. The search strategies were revised after reviewing preliminary search results and included synonyms for 1) pediatric intensive care, 2) quality improvement, and 3) unplanned extubations. No limitations on date or language were used for the search. The complete MEDLINE (Ovid) search strategy is shown in Supplemental Table 2. Citation searching of included articles was also used to hand-search for relevant literature. References were managed and de-duplicated in Covidence (Covidence systematic review software, Veritas Health Innovation, Melbourne, Australia).
After a subset of the team (KW, SC) achieved 100% agreement on a random sample of 10 citations, all titles and abstracts were reviewed independently and in duplicate by two reviewers (KW, SC). Any discrepancies were resolved by discussion. The full-text articles were then reviewed independently and in duplicate by two reviewers (KW, SC); again, any discrepancies were resolved by discussion, or the involvement of a third reviewer (AM) when necessary.
Data collection process and quality assessment
Two reviewers (KW, SC) independently abstracted and reviewed data for each included study using a data abstraction form developed by the review team. Discrepancies were resolved through discussion with a third reviewer (AM). Information on study characteristics (e.g., year of publication, country, ICU type), QI intervention characteristics (e.g., description of interventions, time frame, barriers and facilitators), and outcomes (e.g., rates of unplanned extubation, statistical significance) were collected.
The Quality Improvement Minimum Quality Criteria Set (QI-MQCS) was used to assess the reporting of the quality improvement evaluation studies [26]. The QI-MQCS includes 16 domains, all of which were assessed at the study-level. Similar to other studies in this area, studies that report ≥ 14 domains are considered high quality [27].
Data synthesis and analysis
Findings were analyzed and presented as a narrative synthesis. Vote counting based on the direct of effect was used to describe the effectiveness of quality improvement interventions [28]. All descriptive analyses were performed using the STATA 15 software (StataCorp. 2017. Stata Statistical Software: Release 15. College Station, TX: StataCorp LLC). Due to clinical heterogeneity between studies (patient and site characteristics), and the nature of QI interventions designed to target local root-causes, meta-analysis was not performed. Missing data were described as "not reported."
Quality improvement interventions were categorized using the Behavior Change Wheel (BCW) [29]. The BCW is a model that was developed as a comprehensive synthesis of several other behavior change frameworks. It centers on the COM-B system, which recognizes that behavior change stems from capability, opportunity, and motivation [29]. Surrounding the COM-B system are intervention functions, which are then encompassed by policy categories. This acknowledges that policies (e.g., guidelines, regulations) can influence behavior through interventions (e.g., enablement, environmental restructuring) [29]. The described QI interventions within each study were coded as intervention functions (e.g., education, enablement, modeling) and/or policy categories (e.g., guidelines, regulations) [29]. A QI intervention as described by authors could fall into more than one category. Coding was done independently and in duplicate; any discrepancies were resolved through discussion.
The search strategy identified 128 records. After duplicates were removed, we screened 87 unique abstracts and reviewed 36 full-text articles; 26 full-text articles were excluded, the most common reasons being abstract-only publications or not describing quality improvement interventions. See PRISMA flow diagram (Fig. 1). Citation searching identified 3 potential studies, all of which were included. The frequency of disagreements and agreements between reviewers for the full-text screen was calculated at 0.880 using Cohen's Kappa statistic.
PRISMA 2020 flow diagram
Thirteen studies were included in the review. Study characteristics are summarized in Table 1 and Supplemental Table 3. The studies were published between 2004 and 2020 and took place in the USA (n = 9; 69.2%), Canada (n = 2; 15.4%), Brazil (n = 1; 7.7%), and Argentina (n = 1; 7.7%). Most studies were conducted in a PICU (n = 9; 69.2%); three studies took place in both a PICU and a cardiac intensive care unit (CICU), and one took place in a CICU only. Reported unit sizes ranged from 5 to 26 beds per unit. Twelve of the 13 studies took place at a single center; one was a multi-center study that included PICUs and CICUs from 43 children's hospitals [21]. The majority were prospective cohort studies (n = 10; 76.9%); two studies had retrospective cohort designs, and one was mixed-methods.
Table 1 Study characteristics
Two studies [13, 17] were designed to assess the sustainability of quality improvement initiatives, and were analyzed separately from the other 10 primary studies. Both assessed the sustainability of QI studies included in this review [30, 31].
Studies were conducted over a period of 11–110 months, which, for most, included pre- and post-implementation data collection. Of the studies that explicitly reported the implementation period, interventions were implemented over a range of 3–24 months. Rates of unplanned extubation were collected up to 6–48 months post-intervention. QI interventions are detailed in Supplemental Table 3.
The median number of interventions implemented in each study was 5 [IQR: 4–5] (Table 2). Most intervention functions implemented were categorized as environmental restructuring (e.g., standardizing practice through a guideline, protocol, or algorithm; n = 10) or education (e.g., workshops, education days; n = 8). Most of the policy categories were classified as guidelines (e.g., sedation algorithms or tube securement protocols; n = 10) and communication/ marketing (e.g., posters, e-mails; n = 8). Guidelines were mainly focused on sedation practices (n = 5), standardization of care for intubated patients (n = 5), and ETT fixation/ securement (n = 5); many sites implemented more than one guideline as part of the QI project (n = 7).
Table 2 QI Interventions categorized using the behaviour change wheel
Reported barriers to implementation included decreased baseline uniformity of practice, nurses being pulled away from the bedside, and frequent rotation of staff (Supplemental Table 3). Facilitators included increased nursing autonomy, culture change focused on safety, improved multi-disciplinary communication, and team leadership.
Unplanned extubation rates
All studies reported pre- and post-QI intervention unplanned extubation rates. Pre-intervention rates ranged from 0.44 to 6.40 events/100 airway days. Post-intervention rates ranged from 0 to 2.59 events/100 airway days. Ten studies reported a decreased rate of unplanned extubations after the QI intervention (Table 2). Of these, seven studies reported a statistically significant (p < 0.05) decrease; three studies did not describe statistical significance. Two studies observed statistically significant decreases in one unit, but not in the other (e.g., PICU vs CICU) [21, 31].
Two studies reported the sustainability of QI interventions to prevent unplanned extubations. Rachman at al [17]. reported the rates of unplanned extubation 9 years after they implemented QI interventions [30]. Similarly, Censoplano et al. [13] studied the rates of unplanned extubations 7 years after QI interventions were implemented [31]. Both sustainability studies observed an increase in the rate of unplanned extubations (0 to 0.4 and 1 to 1.5/100 airway days, respectively); however, these increases were not statistically significant.
The median quality score using the QI-MQCS was 13.4 (IQR: 12–16). Five of the eleven primary studies were rated high quality (Supplemental Table 4). Many of the domains were reported by all studies, including organizational motivation, intervention rationale, intervention description, study design, comparator, data source, timing, health outcomes, and limitations. The domains that were reported the least include adherence/fidelity, sustainability, and spread.
This systematic review and narrative synthesis of quality improvement initiatives to prevent unplanned extubations in pediatric critical care identified interventions that have been used to change behavior, including education, environmental restructuring, guidelines, and communication/marketing. Most studies observed a decrease in unplanned extubation rates after the implementation of QI interventions, and two sustainability studies found that the decreased rate remained stable years later.
Most studies described several QI interventions implemented together to change healthcare provider behavior. Often, adverse events and patient safety issues, such as unplanned extubations, have multifactorial causes [1, 21, 32]. Previous work in the area of pediatric patient safety has outlined an approach to patient safety which includes 1) identifying the epidemiology of events/errors, 2) integrating a culture of patient safety, and 3) creating and implementing patient safety solutions [33]. This multipronged implementation approach was observed in the studies included in this review. Guidelines or protocols often change behavior through environmental restructuring, which was observed as a frequently used behavior change technique. Marketing and communication, alongside education and training, were also frequently implemented, targeting patient safety solutions to change. A similar review of QI interventions to reduce the rate of unplanned extubations in adult critical care also found most QI programs involved multiple interventions, including standardization of procedures (guidelines), and education [2]. The guidelines and procedures were also targeting similar foci, including sedation, nurse-to-patient ratios, and endotracheal tube fixation [2]. The policy categories and intervention functions that were not identified in this review include incentivization, coercion, restrictions, legislation, service provision, or fiscal measures. A similar review in critical care quality improvement also identified these as interventions that are less frequently used to enact change in this setting [34].
The included multi-site study by Klugman et al. [21] described a nationwide quality improvement initiative that included 43 sites across the USA, led by the Children's Hospitals' Solutions for Patient Safety (SPS)—a network dedicated to eliminate serious harm in pediatric care [35, 36]. An "Unplanned Extubation Quality Improvement Bundle" was developed, and sites were encouraged to implement the bundle locally using the Model for Improvement or Lean Six Sigma [21]. The bundle—a set of evidence-based practice suggestions—standardized care but allowed for site-specific contextual factors and preferences. Overall, the hospitals with higher bundle compliance had greater reduction in the rates of unplanned extubations. Bundles to reduce the rate of unplanned extubations have been effective in other patient populations, such as in neonatal intensive care [37].
Less than half of the studies were rated as high-quality using the QI-MQCS [26]. The domains that were reported the least were adherence/fidelity, sustainability, and spread. Adherence/fidelity refers to the process measures within a QI study, such as how many learners attended an education session, or how often healthcare providers followed the guideline [26]; process measures allow for interpretation about how well an intervention was implemented as planned [38]. This lowers the quality of a QI study by omitting important contextual details that prevent comparisons between studies and reproducibility. Sustainability refers to the potential for intervention maintenance [26]. A discussion about sustainability is important for understanding whether the outcome will persist, as long-term sustainability is the goal. Finally, spread refers to the ability of the intervention to be replicated in other settings [26]. This concept is essential for clinicians to be able to conceptualize how the intervention could be implemented at their own site, considering contextual factors are key to an intervention's success. Overlooking the concept of spread may limit future generalizability.
The Standards for Quality Improvement Reporting Excellence (SQUIRE) guidelines were first published in 2008 and then revised in 2016 [39]. Although most studies were published after the SQUIRE guidelines were released, none of the primary QI studies referenced the guidelines, and only one sustainability study did [17]. The use of the SQUIRE guidelines in conducting and reporting future research will increase study quality and transparency.
This systematic review is not without limitations. Due to the heterogeneous nature of QI interventions and their focus on local causes, facilitators, and barriers to change, we were unable to meta-analyze the results. To allow readers to interpret each QI study within the context of the local environment, we presented background information such as unit size and type, location, QI interventions, timeframes, and interpreted barriers and facilitators to change (Supplemental Table 3). We caution readers to thoughtfully consider how these results may or may not align with their own local context, and use the information to help inform (but not dictate) future implementation strategies.
This review, as conducted, reflects the original protocol registered in PROSPERO (May 2021). Of note, this manuscript provides more detailed inclusion and exclusion criteria than the original protocol described. Originally, the authors considered including only English language publications; however, after recognizing there was only one non-English publication that was eligible (Meregalli et al. [11]), the authors opted to remove non-English language as part of the exclusion criteria. Mirroring the protocol, only three databases were searched, which may have impacted the ability to find additional publications on the topic. However, we feel as though most journals and publications on pediatric critical care adverse events and quality improvement would be indexed in the three databases that were searched and that any additional studies would have been caught using citation searching of included articles.
We did not include preliminary findings from conference proceedings, as not enough contextual information would be presented for analysis in an abstract. This may have limited the information located on the topic. Furthermore, there is risk of publication bias: the increased likelihood of publication with significant results [40]. We found and included one study that did not demonstrate decreased rates of unplanned extubations after implementing QI interventions [12]; however, all other studies demonstrated the intended decrease in unplanned extubation rates, suggesting potential publication bias. Including more studies with null findings would allow for a comparison between interventions that did and did decrease the rates of unplanned extubations in pediatric critical care.
This systematic review has several strengths. Using the QI-MQCS, we were able to comprehensively assess the quality of the included studies using a validated evaluation tool specific to QI research [26]. This also highlights where future literature on the topic could improve. Additionally, this is the first study to systematically synthesize the literature available on QI interventions to reduce the rate of unplanned extubations in pediatric critical care. This systematic review adds to the literature by providing a comprehensive overview of the QI interventions to decrease rates of unplanned extubations in pediatric critical care. Patient safety is an ongoing strategic priority at most children's hospitals, with unplanned extubations listed as a key quality indicator [35, 41, 42]. Future research in this area should continue to explore the sustainability of QI interventions to decrease the rate of unplanned extubations in pediatric critical care, to be able to observe if improved rates are maintained over time.
This systematic review narratively describes QI interventions to decrease the rate of unplanned extubations in pediatric critical care. Most studies described several interventions used together to decrease the rate of unplanned extubation, with the most frequent being guidelines, environmental restructuring, education, training, and communication. The findings from this review must be interpreted in the context of the study's limitations, including the possibility of missing literature. Despite this, the description of the included studies' interventions used to decrease unplanned extubation rates can be used by other hospitals aiming to do the same; pediatric critical care units can use this information to design and implement local QI interventions based on the contextual factors at their own sites.
Not applicable. No additional data available. Statistical code will be shared upon reasonable request to the corresponding author.
BCW:
Behavior Change Wheel
CICU:
Cardiac intensive care unit
ETT:
PICU:
PRISMA:
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analyses
QI:
QI-MQCS:
Quality Improvement Minimum Quality Criteria Set
SPS:
Solutions for Patient Safety
SQUIRE:
Standards for Quality Improvement Reporting Excellence
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This work was supported by an Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute Graduate Student Award (KW) and an Alberta Health Services Critical Care Strategic Clinical Network Summer Studentship (SC). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, PF 3239, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
Krista Wollny, Tolulope Sajobi & Amy Metcalfe
Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
Krista Wollny, Sara Cui, Deborah McNeil & Karen Benzies
Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
Krista Wollny, Karen Benzies & Amy Metcalfe
Alberta Children's Hospital, PICU, Calgary, AB, Canada
Krista Wollny & Simon J. Parsons
Maternal Newborn Child and Youth Strategic Clinical Network, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
Deborah McNeil
Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
Karen Benzies
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
Amy Metcalfe
Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
Krista Wollny
Sara Cui
Simon J. Parsons
Tolulope Sajobi
KW, SC, and AM were the core team leading the systematic review. KW, SC, and AM identified and selected the studies. KW and SC collected the data. KW, SC, and AM analyzed the data. KW, SC, and AM assessed the certainty of the evidence. KW, SC, DM, KB, SP, TS, and AM provided advice as different stages. KW, SC, DM, KB, SP, TS, and AM approved the final version of the manuscript. KW is the guarantor and attests that all listed authors meet authorship criteria and that no others meeting the criteria have been omitted.
Correspondence to Krista Wollny.
Not applicable. All work was developed using published data.
Additional file 1: Supplemental Table 1.
PRISMA 2020 Checklist.
MEDLINE (Ovid) Search Strategy.
Study Characteristics and Quality Improvement Interventions.
Study Quality Assessment Using QI-MQCS.
Wollny, K., Cui, S., McNeil, D. et al. Quality improvement interventions to prevent unplanned extubations in pediatric critical care: a systematic review. Syst Rev 11, 259 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-022-02119-8
Intensive care units
Extubation


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And the Java code is :
package com.example.test;

import android.annotation.TargetApi;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.view.animation.Animation;
import android.view.animation.AnimationUtils;
import android.view.animation.TranslateAnimation;
import android.widget.*;
import java.util.Map;

public class Newstest extends Activity
{

TextView label1;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle icicle) {

super.onCreate(icicle);

setContentView(R.layout.news);
ScrollTextView scrolltext=(ScrollTextView) findViewById(R.id.scrolltext);

scrolltext.setText("dddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd sajd asjd lksdddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd sajd asjd lksdddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd sajd asjd lksdddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd sajd asjd lks");
scrolltext.setTextColor(Color.BLACK);
scrolltext.startScroll();
}
}

I'm using a ScrollTextView class :
package com.example.test;

import android.content.Context;
import android.graphics.Rect;
import android.text.TextPaint;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.view.animation.LinearInterpolator;
import android.widget.Scroller;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class ScrollTextView extends TextView {

    // scrolling feature
    private Scroller mSlr;

    // milliseconds for a round of scrolling
    private int mRndDuration = 10000;

    // the X offset when paused
    private int mXPaused = 0;

    // whether it's being paused
    private boolean mPaused = true;

    /*
    * constructor
    */
    public ScrollTextView(Context context) {
    this(context, null);
    // customize the TextView
    setSingleLine();
    setEllipsize(null);
    setVisibility(INVISIBLE);
    }

    /*
    * constructor
    */
    public ScrollTextView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
    this(context, attrs, android.R.attr.textViewStyle);
    // customize the TextView
    setSingleLine();
    setEllipsize(null);
    setVisibility(INVISIBLE);
    }

    /*
    * constructor
    */
    public ScrollTextView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyle) {
    super(context, attrs, defStyle);
    // customize the TextView
    setSingleLine();
    setEllipsize(null);
    setVisibility(INVISIBLE);
    }

    /**
    * begin to scroll the text from the original position
    */
    public void startScroll() {
    // begin from the very right side
    mXPaused = -1 * getWidth();
    // assume it's paused
    mPaused = true;
    resumeScroll();
    }

    /**
    * resume the scroll from the pausing point
    */
    public void resumeScroll() {

    if (!mPaused)
    return;

    // Do not know why it would not scroll sometimes
    // if setHorizontallyScrolling is called in constructor.
    setHorizontallyScrolling(true);

    // use LinearInterpolator for steady scrolling
    mSlr = new Scroller(this.getContext(), new LinearInterpolator());
    setScroller(mSlr);

    int scrollingLen = calculateScrollingLen();
    int distance = scrollingLen - (getWidth() + mXPaused);
    int duration = (new Double(mRndDuration * distance * 1.00000
    / scrollingLen)).intValue();

    setVisibility(VISIBLE);
    mSlr.startScroll(mXPaused,0, distance, 0, duration);
    invalidate();
    mPaused = false;
    }

    /**
    * calculate the scrolling length of the text in pixel
    *
    * @return the scrolling length in pixels
    */
    private int calculateScrollingLen() {
    TextPaint tp = getPaint();
    Rect rect = new Rect();
    String strTxt = getText().toString();
    tp.getTextBounds(strTxt, 0, strTxt.length(), rect);
    int scrollingLen = rect.width() + getWidth();
    rect = null;
    return scrollingLen;
    }

    /**
    * pause scrolling the text
    */
    public void pauseScroll() {
    if (null == mSlr)
    return;

    if (mPaused)
    return;

    mPaused = true;

    // abortAnimation sets the current X to be the final X,
    // and sets isFinished to be true
    // so current position shall be saved
    mXPaused = mSlr.getCurrX();

    mSlr.abortAnimation();
    }

    @Override
    /*
    * override the computeScroll to restart scrolling when finished so as that
    * the text is scrolled forever
    */
    public void computeScroll() {
    super.computeScroll();

    if (null == mSlr) return;

    if (mSlr.isFinished() && (!mPaused)) {
    this.startScroll();
    }
    }

    public int getRndDuration() {
    return mRndDuration;
    }

    public void setRndDuration(int duration) {
    this.mRndDuration = duration;
    }

    public boolean isPaused() {
    return mPaused;
    }
   }

What I want is that the text will scroll from left to right, the opposite of what the class does. I tried changing parameters in the line  mSlr.startScroll(mXPaused,0, distance, 0, duration); but the scrolling direction remains the same. Any help please

A: Have you tried marquee attribute? This should scroll text that doesn't fit the view
<TextView
android:layout_width="10dip"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="FooBar FooBar FooBar FooBar"
android:singleLine="true"
android:ellipsize="marquee" />

http://developer.android.com/reference/android/widget/TextView.html#attr_android:ellipsize

From looking at the API docs:
http://developer.android.com/reference/android/widget/Scroller.html#startScroll(int, int, int, int)
Seems you can pass it negative numbers to scroll the opposite way, so try:
mSlr.startScroll(mXPaused, 0, -distance, 0, duration);

A: Marquee attribute only works for focused views, so use this view instead of textview beside android:ellipsize="marquee":
public class TextViewMarquee extends TextView
{

    public TextViewMarquee(Context context, AttributeSet attrs)
    {
        super(context, attrs, R.attr.marqueeStyle);
    }

    public TextViewMarquee(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int style)
    {
        super(context, attrs, style);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onFocusChanged(boolean focused, int direction, Rect previouslyFocusedRect)
    {
        if(focused) super.onFocusChanged(focused, direction, previouslyFocusedRect);
    }

    @Override
    public void onWindowFocusChanged(boolean focused)
    {
        if(focused) super.onWindowFocusChanged(focused);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isFocused()
    {
        return true;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Meanwhile, in a large skillet over medium heat, add the sausage and saute until cooked through. Turn up the heat and deglaze with white wine. Once the vegetables are cooked, cool slightly, then coarsely chop. Add the vegetables and any pan juices to the sausage in the skillet. Toss in the cooked penne, adding reserved pasta water, if needed, to moisten. Season with salt and pepper, to taste, and serve in bowls topped with Parmesan.


text:
Provision of Services Regulations 2009
The full name of the partnership is Holmes Beaumont & Holroyd.
We are registered to carry on audit work in the UK by the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales. Details about our audit registration can be viewed at www.auditregister.org.uk under reference C005375125.
Statutory audit work is subject to Audit Regulations which can be viewed at www.icaew.com/regulations and Ethical Standards for Auditors which can be viewed at www.frc.org.uk.
Our professional indemnity insurer is RSA Insurance PLC of 9th Floor, One Platinum Place, 30 Fenchurch Street, London, EC3M 3BD. The territorial coverage is worldwide excluding professional business carried out from an office in the United States of America or Canada and excludes any action for a claim brought in any court in the United States of America or Canada.
We are registered for value added tax in the UK under number 334 4273 70.
Don't delay, speak to us today
© HBH Chartered Accountants, 15 Ropergate End, Pontefract, WF8 1JT - All Rights Reserved

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Welsh Grand National dealt blow as Welsh government announce new COVID restrictions
Harry Skelton
Henry De Bromhead
Paul Nicholls
Todd Pletcher
Bob Baffert
Rock Your World
Tiger Roll
Essential Quality
All sporting events in Wales to take place behind closed doors from Boxing Day.
2021-12-21 Welsh Grand National dealt blow as Welsh government announce new COVID restrictions
The Welsh Grand National at Chepstow will now take place behind closed doors after the Welsh government took steps to try and halt the surge in COVID cases.
The new measures were announced by Economy Minister Vaughan Gething late on Tuesday, with no spectators allowed at any sporting events in the country from Boxing Day.
"Sporting events over the Christmas period are one of the big highlights of the year," Gething said.
"Unfortunately, the new Omicron variant is a significant development in the pandemic and could cause a large number of infections.
"We need to do everything we can to protect people's health and control the spread of this awful virus.
"Throughout the pandemic we have followed scientific and public health advice to keep people safe. The advice is clear - we need to act now in response to the threat of Omicron. We are giving people as much notice of these decisions as we can.
"Crowds will come back as soon as possible. We want everyone to be here to enjoy their favourite sports."
Cardiff's United Rugby Championship clash with Scarlets and Wrexham's National League fixture against Solihull - both scheduled for December 26 - will be the first affected by the ruling.
And the Welsh Grand National at Chepstow will also have to be run behind closed doors despite advance ticket sales in excess of 6,000.
Cardiff City's Championship clash against Coventry has already been postponed due to a coronavirus outbreak in the Bluebirds' camp, as has the United Rugby Championship game between the Ospreys and the Dragons.
The first EFL fixture due to be affected is Swansea's Championship clash with Luton, which is currently scheduled for December 29.
Cardiff City said in a statement: "Cardiff City Football Club acknowledges the instruction from the Welsh government for sporting events in Wales to be played behind closed doors for a limited period of time in an effort to curb the spread of the Omicron variant.
"Following the postponement of our Boxing Day fixture with Coventry City on Monday, this is set to most immediately impact our FA Cup third round tie with Preston North End on January 9th."
Gething confirmed that a £3million Spectator Sports Fund will be available to support those clubs affected by the loss of spectator revenue.
Chepstow Racecourse chief executive Phil Bell anticipated the move last week, when he told BBC Wales: "We've seen this coming in recent days.
"It would be damaging - we've currently sold 6,000 tickets - an average price £35 - so people can do the maths. Around 800 people have booked hospitality packages at around £80 to £120 - there are significant amounts of revenue at stake here."
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text:
Dolly T. Talbott
The Life of Dolly T.
When Dolly T. Talbott was born in 1894, in District of Columbia, United States, her father, Richard H. Talbott, was 27 and her mother, Rachel Ann Fletcher, was 19. She married Andrew Carroll Anderson on 15 November 1916, in District of Columbia, United States. She lived in Washington, District of Columbia, United States for about 20 years and Woodland, Pierce, Washington, United States in 1959.
Learn about Dolly T.'s homeland.
Put your face in a costume from Dolly T.'s homelands.
Andrew Carroll Anderson
Marriage: 15 November 1916
Richard H. Talbott
Rachel Ann Fletcher
Ruth Talbott
Richard Samuel Talbott
Allen Spurgeon Talbott
Mildred A Talbott
1913 · Women's Suffrage Demonstration
A demonstration for women's suffrage takes place on March 3, 1913. This is the first suffrage parade in Washington D.C. One of the notable women in attendance is Ida B. Wells.
Variant of Talbot .
Dollie Talbott in household of Richard Talbott, "United States Census, 1910"
Dolly F Anderson in household of Richard H Talbott, "United States Census, 1920"
Dollie Talbott in household of Richard H Talbott, "United States Census, 1900"


I recently picked up a RO/DI unit with a booster pump (AQUATEC 8800 SERIES BOOSTER PUMP & AQUATEC 8800 TRANSFORMER). What I want to do is add a 8800 AND 6800 AUTO SHUTOFF SWITCH (http://www.thefilterguys.biz/booster_pumps.htm) to this system but I am not sure if this will work for my application.
Currently when I want to use my RO unit (I have it plumbed into the cold water line under my utility sink) I have to reach under my utility sink and turn on and off the valve. This is fine but I am moving the unit to my basement/fishroom and will connect it directly to my cold water copper pipe. But the same problem still arises when I want to use it. I have to open and close the valve. This is the reason why I want to add the auto shutoff switch. I also want to add float valves to my holding barrels and use this in conjunction with the RO. If I walk away and barrel is full to the float valve line, I want everything to shut off.
Hope this makes sense? Just wondering if all this would work to shut off the pump and the water flow when the float valves engage with the booster pump shutoff switch.
Are you trying to customize the floats so they would turn then booster off?
Yes, I want the floats to turn off the flow and shut the system down including the booster pump when barrel is full so I don't have to monitor it all day. Kind of like a system that has a pressurized holding tank, once tank is filled, the system shuts off.
And a non return valve .
If you don't use one your pump will shut down but the pressure from your water supply will still pump water to waste.
I am in the same boat... Fixing to add a booster pump. I already have a float and four way auto shut off -- this does shut off the water when the storage tank is full.
My booster pump is coming with a solenoid? To shut off the pump I believe- will know more when it gets here.
Keep me posted Nicole. I would like to see how yours is setup. maybe some pics so I can get a feel for what else I need or don't need.
Sure ... As soon as it gets here I'll let you know.
Well here's where I see a problem. Looking at most floats its not like its instant on/off, meaning it takes little more water to completely close it off> just like your toilet float, you hear that hissing sound meaning valve is closing and with little more water it closes completely.
Wish I was there to help you with this. If I am understanding you right all you should need is that auto shut off switch that is on the same page as the link to the booster pump you bought. It is rated at 40 psi so when your float closes pressure will build and when it reaches 40 psi that switch will turrn the pump off.


text:
Q: Value passing through channels According to
http://www.it.uu.se/research/group/darts/uppaal/small_tutorial.pdf
There is no value passing through the channels but this is easily encoded by shared variable: define globally a variable x, and use it for reading and writing. "
The Train-Gate example that accompanies Uppaal seems to perform the communication of a value via a channel. I have also created a small example where a producer counts in a loop from 1 to 6 and communicates comm[getN()]! on a channel comm (getN() simply retrieves the local variable). A consumer syncs with this communication comm[n]? and stores the passed integer value in a local variable.
This seems to contradict the above statement. Am I missing something subtle here? Is this not passing values through channels? Or it this statement simply not true any longer?
I have included my full example (producer-consumer.xml) via Pastebin: https://pastebin.com/ZTL46Wr8
Thanks

A: In your model there is no value passing. Actually you mimic the value passing using synchronization of channels with the same name: comm[n]! where n is actually a variable and comm[k]? where k is a selector i.e. a constant value. The consumer does not actually receive the value of n; it receives the information that comm[n] has been emitted for some fixed value of n.


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text:
Bullet is a 1984 Indian Malayalam film, directed by Crossbelt Mani and produced by Royal Pictures. The film stars Ratheesh, Balan K Nair, Bheeman Raghu and Kuthiravattam Pappu in lead roles. The musical score is by Guna Singh.

Cast
Ratheesh
Balan K Nair
Bheeman Raghu
Kuthiravattam Pappu
Silk Smitha
Swapna
Vettoor Purushan

References

External links

1984 films
1980s Malayalam-language films

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Friday's Adventure. It could be worse.
What started out as a short day and a short drive turned suddenly into a long drive. I left Whitehorse, Yukon at about 6 AM after having a good breakfast and intent on arriving in Anchorage, Alaska late that afternoon. After all, it was only a hair over seven hundred miles. The sky for once was clear, I was rested and the gas tank was now full after discovering someone had siphoned it all last night while I was sleeping.
So I set the cruise control, turned on the satellite radio and started to put the miles behind me. A couple hours and 100 miles passed as I rolled into Haines Junction. Well, why not fill up, grab a cup and continue to Anchorage. As I started out of town I saw in the distance a road sign flashing, Stop Ahead, Road Closed. There was a lady in the middle of the road dressed in a conservation uniform talking to the car ahead of me. I pulled ahead as the other driver made a U-turn. She was friendly but certainly carried bad news. She announced in a very official manner, "The rain washed the road out about 45 miles down the road. You will have to turn around." I sat there dumbfound thinking, should I ask her or not? I knew the answer. If I wanted to get to Anchorage today and the road did not open soon, my only choice was to turn around and head back to Whitehorse, then to Dawson City, then over the graveled "top of the world" road and on to Anchorage.
I asked. Her answer was simple, "Yes." As I turned around I did a mental calculation. I have had detours before but never one that extended my trip by over 400 miles like this would. So back to Whitehorse.
I committed myself to attempt to at least get to Tok, Alaska as that would be a little over halfway and only about 700 miles after the wasted 200 miles to Haines Junction and back.
I bet you are wondering, how could it be worse? I won't mention the fact that I had no cell service and no way to even call the hotel in Anchorage to cancel my reservations. Crap! Another $135 down the drain. I also won't mention that a Sirius radio is worthless this far north. At first when the radio started to cut out I thought it was a radio problem. Then I remembered the radical angle that you have to have any antenna set to receive a satellite signal. Basically it points parallel to the land and not up towards the sky. Bottom line, every time I passed a bush I lost the signal. Thank God for CDs as there was no AM or FM radio stations.
So you see, it could have been worse. Besides, I keep telling myself that the last time I had trouble getting to Alaska when I finally got to Ganes Creek I came home with 14.5 ounces of gold.


If company matching is so great, why is there a buzz to get rid of it?
If you think about it, a company's 401(k) match acts just like crossfire injection. What's that, you ask? The best way to answer that question is to show you, not tell you.


What will it be like when one of the boys leaves the nest?
Well, quieter. A little less laundry.
But how will your boys react?
Get ready for changes in the family dynamic.
Each son has an effect on the family unit, and together, the family finds a balance. Remove one son from that equation and things change! When our oldest left for college, things shifted at home. I wasn't prepared for the way the boys interacted differently each time a son left the day-to-day picture.
So, prepare. It's hard to predict exactly how this will affect your family, but the more you involve your boys and prepare them for one's leaving, the easier it will be. If you concentrate on the son leaving and ignore his siblings, you'll feel a big hole when he leaves. Realize that life is about to change for everyone.
Involve your boys in the process.
Don't be afraid to talk about it. Take the boys shopping, and let them pick something out for big brother's new apartment or dorm room. Make the little brothers a part of this exciting time.
Of course they'll miss big brother, but encourage your sons to be happy for the brother who's branching out. Remind them that this is a normal, exciting part of life that they'll look forward to as well.
Institute a new family holiday – Brother's Day.
Our calendars include Mother's Day and Father's Day, but not a day for siblings. As a family, choose a day (maybe before the first son takes off) and have the boys celebrate that together. They can continue the tradition for years to come.
Big Brother will probably be home for holidays, but plan a family visit to see brother, too. And if your next son is old enough, a visit on his own to see his big brother is always a treat.
If the eldest always mowed the lawn, this will fall to another son, but remember to move other duties down to the younger ones as well. Be sensitive and don't load everything on the oldest brother at home.
Help your boys step up to their new place.
In a family of boys, the second in command will now see himself as top dog. Help him with that new responsibility; he needs to learn to use it wisely and not to abuse it.
Use technology to help the boys maintain contact.
Cell phones and texting are great for this. If the ones at home are too young or you've chosen not to go the personal cell phone route, remind your son to call home for his brothers' sakes.
Send packages—and let everyone contribute.
When you send a package to the son who's away, let the brothers include a note or pick out a special treat to enclose. This will help the son who's away and the ones who are still at home.
The bottom line? Be flexible. The boys are going to grow and change, and sometimes their bond will stretch. Be there for them; help them through the changes and, as they grow, they'll learn to maneuver through change on their own, their brother bond intact.
Believe it or not, someday you'll miss the noise. And even that basket full of dirty laundry. And they'll be young men. But no matter what, you'll always be Mom.
Question: What are some other ideas for keeping in touch as your boys leave home?
Laura Lee Groves is a writer, teacher, speaker and the mom of four boys. She's the author of I'm Outnumbered! One Mom's Lessons in the Lively Art of Raising Boys and a novel, Pearl. You can visit her at OutnumberedMom.com.
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NextThe First Time He Bit. . .
Can I just say — my boys are 4, 3, 20 months, and 6 weeks — and this post makes me so sad! I know I have a ton of fun years together, but even just watching how much #2 misses #1 when he's at his piano lesson (for all of 30 minutes!), I know it's going to be so unsettling when they start leaving the nest. These are great ideas, I mean nothing unkind about the post. 🙂 Just tugs at my heart!


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text:
Q: How to use bounded generic type with stream and single object I am trying to create one converter from DTO to Entity and Entity to DTO with bounded generic type.
public interface GenericConverter<D extends IDTO, E extends IEntity> {

    public E createFrom(D dto);

    public D createFrom(E entity);

    default List createFromEntities(final Collection<? extends IEntity> entities) {
        return entities.stream()
                .map(this::createFrom)
                .collect(Collectors.toList());
    }

    default List createFromDtos(final Collection<IDTO> dtos) {
        return dtos.stream()
                .map(this::createFrom)
                .collect(Collectors.toList());
    }

Here is the some piece of code, where IDTO and IEntity are two marker interface. So I do not want to allow any object where only that inherit these interface.
Single conversion working fine but with stream it gives following error.
The type GenericConverter<D,E> does not define createFrom(IDTO) that is applicable here
The type GenericConverter<D,E> does not define createFrom(capture#1-of ? extends IEntity) that is applicable here
}

Could someone help me to fix this.
Thanks

A: You can fix it by using the same generic types D and E for the collection parameter:
public interface GenericConverter<D extends IDTO, E extends IEntity>
{
    E createFrom(D dto);
    D createFrom(E entity);

    default List<D> createFromEntities(final Collection<E> entities)
    {
        return entities.stream()
                       .map(this::createFrom)
                       .collect(Collectors.toList());
    }

    default List<E> createFromDtos(final Collection<D> dtos)
    {
        return dtos.stream()
                   .map(this::createFrom)
                   .collect(Collectors.toList());
    }
}


text:
Nicky Romero (* 6. Januar 1989 in Amerongen; eigentlich Nick Rotteveel) ist ein niederländischer DJ und Musikproduzent. Er ist überwiegend in den Bereichen des Electro- und Progressive-House aktiv und fasste 2017 zudem im Future-Bass Fuß. Bekanntheit erreichte er 2011 durch seine Zusammenarbeit mit Hardwell an dem Lied Beta sowie seine Solo-Produktion Toulouse. Kommerziell gravierend war das Lied I Could Be the One, das gemeinsam mit Avicii und Noonie Bao entstand.

Biografie

Bis 2011: Durchbruch in der EDM-Szene
Nick Rotteveel wurde in Amerongen in den Niederlanden geboren, wo er auch aufwuchs. Später zog er für ein Jahr nach Kingston in Kanada, kehrte aber anschließend in die Niederlande zurück, um seine Ausbildung abzuschließen. Das letzte Semester absolvierte er in Frankreich.

Nachdem er die Schule absolviert hatte, arbeitete er eine Zeit lang als Barkeeper und begann, nebenbei eigene Musik zu produzieren. Das Plattenlabel "Once Records" wurde daraufhin auf ihn aufmerksam und bot ihm einen Plattenvertrag an. Mit den Singles Privilege und Qwerty erschienen dann seine ersten beiden Veröffentlichungen, gefolgt von Funktion One. Schnell kamen auch Anfragen von Major-Labels wie "Toolroom" oder "Spinnin' Records". Doch nicht nur die Labels äußerten Interesse, sondern auch der französische DJ und Produzent David Guetta meldete sich per E-Mail, um ihm das Angebot zu machen, einen Remix seines Tracks When Love Takes Over zu produzieren. Beide DJs trafen sich auf Ibiza für eine gemeinsame Studiosession. Aus dieser Kollaboration entwickelte sich eine Freundschaft.

Nach dem Erfolg mit seinem Remix gelang Romero dann mit seiner Single My Friend, die über "Spinnin' Records" veröffentlicht wurde, der endgültige Durchbruch in der EDM-Szene. Der Song schaffte es bis auf Platz 4 der Beatport-Charts. 2011 setzte er den Fokus neben seinen eigenen Veröffentlichungen viel mehr auf Remixe. Ergebnisse waren unter anderem Remixe zu Where Them Girls At von David Guetta mit Flo Rida und Nicki Minaj, What A Feeling von Alex Gaudino und Kelly Rowland oder auch zu Dirty Dancer von Enrique Iglesias, Lil Wayne, Usher und Nayer. Neben einer Kollaboration mit den Bingo Players erschien auch eine Produktion mit dem zu dem Zeitpunkt ebenfalls als Nachwuchs-DJ gehandelten Hardwell, die den Titel Beta trägt. Die Nummer erschien überraschenderweise über "Spinnin'" und entwickelte sich zu einem Erfolg, obwohl Beta gravierende Unterschiede zu anderen Nicky-Romero-Produktionen aufweist.

2012: Erste kommerzielle Erfolge

Im Frühjahr 2012 gewann Romero stark an Popularität, was auf seine Produktion Toulouse zurückzuführen war. Diese prägte die Dirty-Dutch- sowie auch die zunehmend wachsende Big-Room-Szene. Zudem wurde sie zu einer der am längsten in den Beatport-Top-Ten verweilenden Singles. Zur Anerkennung seines Talents zählte ihn MTV zu einem der EDM-Künstler, die es im Jahr 2012 zu verfolgen galt. Ende April 2012 gab Nicky Romero auf seiner offiziellen Twitter-Seite den Launch seines eigenen Plattenlabels "Protocol Recordings" bekannt. Zudem hatte er angekündigt, eine eigene Radioshow mit dem Namen "Protocol Radio Show" zu starten. Der erste Release des Labels ist der Track "WTF!?", den er gemeinsam mit dem niederländischen DJ ZROQ produziert hatte. Der Track wurde von Nicky Romero erstmals in seinem Set beim Ultra Music Festival öffentlich gespielt.

Gemeinsam mit David Guetta hielt er einen Residenz-Posten im Party-Hot-Spot auf Ibiza für den Sommer 2012. Ebenfalls mit Guetta veröffentlichte er das Lied Wild One Two, das unter dem Pseudonym Jack Back erschien. Der Titel stellt einen Remix der beiden zu Flo Ridas und Sias Wild Ones dar. Das Lied brachte Romero erstmals in die offiziellen Single-Charts von Deutschland, Österreich und Kanada. Ebenfalls mit Guetta brachte er später im Jahr 2012 den Big-Room-Track Metropolis heraus. Weitere Kollaborationen entstanden unter anderem mit Calvin Harris und Fedde Le Grand.

Im Oktober 2012 erhielt Nicky Romero eine DJ-Mag-Auszeichnung als "Highest New Entry". Mit Skrillex und Dash Berlin bildet er damit einen der höchsten Einstiege aller Zeiten. Am 12. November 2012 veröffentlichte Romero gemeinsam mit dem australischen DJ-Duo Nervo das Lied Like Home, das sich ebenfalls zu einem großen Erfolg entwickelte und neben seiner Heimat, den Niederlanden, ebenfalls in Großbritannien und Schweden die Charts erreichte. Insbesondere eine Remix-Version von Dannic machte den Titel bekannt.

Im selben Jahr arbeitete er gemeinsam mit dem schwedischen DJ und Produzenten Avicii. Die Ankündigung einer gemeinsamen Single löste unter Fans großen Hype aus. Bereits weit vor Release wurde das Instrumental des Liedes von Avicii premiert und im Herbst 2012 folgte die Premiere der endgültigen Vocal-Version in Aviciis "Levels"-Podcast. Nach der Veröffentlichung am 26. Dezember 2012 mit Noonie Bao als Sängerin, entwickelte sich das Lied zu Nicky Romeros erstem weltweiten Erfolg. So stieg die Single auf Platz eins der britischen Single-Charts ein und erreichte weiterhin die Top Ten unter anderem in Australien, Schweden, Niederlanden und Tschechien.

2013: Ausweitung seines Musikbusiness', erstes Studioalbum

Im Anschluss an I Could Be The One und Still The Same Man mit Nilson und John Christian, veröffentlichte Nicky Romero im März 2013 seine lang erwartete Single Symphonica, die auf direktem Wege Platz eins der Beatport-Top-100 erreichte. Diese punktete insbesondere durch ihren klassischen Lead-Sound und aggressiven Electro-House-Drop. Seine nächste Veröffentlichung, eine Zusammenarbeit mit Krewella mit dem Titel Legacy, erreichte als nächster Titel Platz eins auf Beatport. Über Steve Angellos "Size Records" erschien daraufhin der Titel SOTU, der in Zusammenarbeit mit Sunnery James und Ryan Marciano entstand. Neben seinen Residenz-Auftritten im Light in Las Vegas trat er ebenfalls erstmals auf großen Festivals, wie dem Ultra Music Festival, dem EDC Vegas oder auch dem Tomorrowland auf. Neben seinem Tomorrowland-Auftritt mit David Guetta und Afrojack sorgte auch seine per Google Glass interaktiv dargebotene
Performance bei der TomorrowWorld für Aufsehen. Im Oktober 2013 rückte Romero bis auf Nummer 7 der DJ-Mag-Charts vor. Er startete seinen wöchentlichen Radio-Podcast "Protocol-Records", konzentrierte sich mehr auf sein Plattenlabel und ließ seine eigenen Produktionen außen vor, kehrte aber schließlich gegen Herbst 2014 mit dem Lied Feet On The Ground, das von Anouk gesungen wird, zurück. Parallel kündigte er an, an einem ersten Studioalbum zu arbeiten.

Neben seiner Musik ist er für verschiedene Arten von Benefiz-Projekten aktiv, wie zum Beispiel "10.000 Hours – People Planet Party", mit dem Spielplätze für beeinträchtigte Kinder renoviert werden.

2014 bis 2016: Schritt zum Progressive House
Legacy bildete die Hintergrundmusik der Anpreisung der Rückkehr der australischen Soap-Opera Revenge. Diese Nachricht kursierte durch zahlreiche Medien und war letzten Endes der Auslöser für eine Platzierung auf Nummer 50 der offiziellen Single-Charts in Australien. Im August 2014 schloss Nicky eine Partnerschaft mit der EDM-Lifestyle-Marke Electro-Family, mit der er ein Armband entwarf, dessen gesamte Verkaufserlöse an die Organisation "Fuck Cancer" gespendet wurden.

Im Oktober 2014 veröffentlichte er zusammen mit dem niederländischen DJ-Duo Vicetone und der Musikgruppe When We Are Wild das Lied Let Me Feel, das nicht wie seine ursprünglichen Singles einen aggressiven Electro-House-Stil aufwies, sondern viel mehr auf einem seichten Progressive-House-Stil basierte. Der Track konnte ebenfalls auf Platz eins der Beatport-Charts vorrücken und erhielt sowohl für Vocals als auch für die technischen Aspekte großes Lob. Ebenfalls im Oktober 2014 erreichte Nicky Romero Platz 8 in den DJ-Mag-Top-100 und war damit zum dritten Mal einer der hundert besten DJs.

Die ähnlichen Tracks Warriors mit Volt & State sowie Lighthouse folgten. Lighthouse wird von dem schottischen Singer-Songwriter Danny Shah gesungen und brachte Romero insbesondere im Airplay große Erfolge ein. Kurz darauf erschien das Lied Harmony, das gemeinsam mit Stadiumx produziert wurde, und führte ähnlich wie auch sein im April 2016 erschienener Track Novell seinen High-Energy-Progressive-Track fort. Dieser wurde von Release zu Release als technisch immer fortschrittlicher beschrieben. Nach einer Vocal-Version zu Novell, die in Zusammenarbeit mit Eric Lumiere entstand, arbeitete er mit Nile Rogers zusammen, woraus die Single Future Funk resultierte. Diese sowie auch der Track Ready to Rumble bildeten Romero auch wieder Grundlagen außerhalb des Progressive-House-Bereichs. Letzteres wies zudem auch Elemente seines Klassikers Toulouse auf.

Im Herbst 2015 verschlechterte sich sein Rang im DJ-Mag um 10 Plätze, und Nicky Romero landete somit auf Platz 18.

2017 bis 2019: Pop- und Future-Bass

Nach der Electro-House-Single Iconic, die in Zusammenarbeit mit John Christian produziert wurde, konzentrierte er sich zum einen auf die Arbeit innerhalb seines Plattenlabels, indem er unter anderem andere als Editor der Veröffentlichungen in Erscheinung trat. In Zusammenarbeit mit dem US-amerikanischen Trio Cheat Codes entstand im Sommer 2017 die Single Sober, die ihm eine Platzierung in den US-amerikanischen Club- und Electronic-Charts einräumte. Später im Jahr 2018 erschien die Bass- und Dubhouse-Produktion Only For Your Love, die Romero gemeinsam mit Florian Picasso in Erscheinung brachte.

Nach der kommerziellen Single Sober aus 2017, arbeitete er im Folgejahr mit der Sängerin Rozes zusammen, woraus der Track Where Would We Be resultierte. Diese entsprach einem Future-Bass-Stil. In einem ähnlichen Gewand kam im Sommer 2018 das Lied Me On You mit dem britischen Sänger Taio Cruz auf den Markt. Parallel erschien aber auch mehrere elektronische Singles, darunter Duality und Here We Go (Hey Boy, Hey Girl) mit Dimitri Vegas & Like Mike. Im Spätsommer 2018 veröffentlichte er den Song Be Somebody, der in Zusammenarbeit mit dem US-amerikanischen DJ Steve Aoki und Sängerin Kiiara entstand. Der Track war Teil von Aokis Studioalbum Neon Future III.

Ende des Jahres 2018 folgten das Lied Paradise mit dem deutschen Produzenten Deniz Koyu und der kanadische Indie-Rock-Band Walk Off the Earth und der Progressive-House-Song Bittersweet mit Trilane & Kokaholla und Sänger Quarterback. Mit der Single My Way, die Vocals von der Sängerin Alice Berg enthält, wurde auch eine weitere kommerzielle Single auf den Markt gebracht.

2019 erschien der Future-Bass-Song Distance, der zusammen mit der US-amerikanischen Schauspielerin und Sängerin Olivia Holt entstand. Das Electro-House-Lied Ring the Alarm, das im Vorjahr premiert wurde, produzierte er gemeinsam mit David Guetta. Es wurde im Februar 2019 veröffentlicht. Der Song Deep Dark Jungle folgte im März 2019 und bildet Romeros erstes Psytrance-Release. Unterstützt wurde er dabei vom DJ-Duo Teamworx.

Arbeit als Produzent
Zusätzlich zu seinen eigenen Projekten ist Nicky Romero ebenfalls als Produzent für andere Musiker aktiv. So produzierte er das Lied Right Now für Rihanna und David Guetta, das am 28. Mai 2013 als Single veröffentlicht wurde. Zudem produzierte er gemeinsam mit David Guetta und Will.i.am dessen Kollaboration mit Britney Spears It Should Be Easy, in der seine klassische Toulouse-Melodie wieder aufgriffen wurde. 2014 produzierte Romero ebenfalls die Album-Version zu David Guettas und Sias Titel Bang My Head sowie auch No Money No Love für David Guettas Studioalbum Listen, die in Zusammenarbeit mit Showtek entstand. Außerdem koproduzierte er Dragon Night von Sekai no Owaris zweites Studioalbum Tree.

Diskografie

Singles

Weitere Veröffentlichungen
2008
 Globe

2009
 Ducktale
 It's Me Bitches
 Woods of Idaho
 Konichiwa Bitches! (mit Kenneth G)
 Can U Feel It (mit Nilson)

2010
 My Friend
 Assigned / Pixelized
 When Love Calls (mit Basto!)
 Switched
 Growl
 Solar
 Play 'N Stop

2011
 Sliced (mit Bingo Players)
 Keyword
 Schizophrenic (mit Mitch Crown)
 Bootcamp (mit Apster)
 Camorra
 Beta (mit Hardwell)
 Toulouse (NL: )

2012
 Gift EP (mit Fedde Le Grand)
 Generation 303
 Se7en
 Metropolis (mit David Guetta)
 WTF!? (mit ZROQ)
 Sparks (Turn Off Your Mind) (mit Fedde Le Grand & Matthew Koma)
 Iron (mit Calvin Harris, NL: )

2013
 Still The Same Man (mit Nilson & John Christian)
 Symphonica (NL: )
 Legacy (Save My Life) (vs. Krewella)
 Sounds Of The Underground (mit Sunnery James & Ryan Marciano)
 Rip It Up (Nicky Romero Edit; mit R3hab, Lucky Date)

2014
 Feet On The Ground (mit Anouk)
 Next Level (Nicky Romero Edit; mit John Christian)
 Let Me Feel (mit Vicetone feat. When We Are Wild)

2015
 Warriors (mit Volt & State)
 Heartbeat (Nicky Romero Edit; mit Magnificence, Alec Maire feat. Brooke Forman)
 Lighthouse (feat. Danny Shah)
 Harmony (mit Stadiumx)

2016
 Future Funk (mit Nile Rodgers)
 Novell
 The Moment (Novell) (mit Eric Lumiere)
 Ready 2 Rumble
 Take Me (feat. Colton Avery)
 Crossroads (mit Navarra)

2017
 Iconic (mit John Christian)
 Miss Out (Nicky Romero Edit) (mit Trilane and Yaro feat. Max Landry)
 Sober (mit Cheat Codes)
 Love (Nicky Romero Edit) (mit SWACQ)
 Champion Sound (mit Teamworx)
 Only For Your Love (mit Florian Picasso)

2018
 Prtcl (feat. Spyder)
 Where Would We Be (mit Rozes)
 Duality
 Here We Go (Hey Boy, Hey Girl) (mit Dimitri Vegas & Like Mike)
 Me On You (mit Taio Cruz)
 Rise (mit Stadiumx feat. Matluck)
 Be Somebody (mit Steve Aoki feat. Kiiara)
 Paradise (mit Deniz Koyu feat. Walk Off the Earth)
 Bittersweet (mit Trilane & Kokaholla feat. Quarterback)
 My Way (feat. Alice Berg)

2019
 Distance (mit Olivia Holt)
 Ring the Alarm (mit David Guetta)
 Deep Dark Jungle (mit Teamworx)
 Dynamite (mit Mike Williams & Amba Shepherd)

2020
 I See
 Stay
 Falling (mit Timmy Trumpet)
 Destiny (mit Deniz Koyu & Alexander Tidebrink)
 Techno (Nicky Romero Edit)
 Burning (mit Jordan Grace)
 I Need You to Know (mit Armin van Buuren & Ifimay)
 Toulouse (2020 Edit)
 Only For You (mit Sick Individuals & XIRA)
 Nights With You

2021
 Into The Light (mit Timmo Hendriks & David Shane)
 Back To You
 You Used To
 World Through Your Eyes (mit Teamworx & Joseph Feinstein)

Remixe (Auswahl)
2009:
 Sidney Samson & Tony Cha Cha – Get on the Floor
 DJ Jean – Play That Beat
 David Guetta – When Love Takes Over (Nicky Romero Bootleg)

2010:
 Ian Carey feat. Michelle Shellers – Keep on Rising
 Hardwell & Funkadelic – Get Down Girl
 Mischa Daniels feat. J-Son – Where You Wanna Go
 Housequake – People Are People
 Fedde Le Grand feat. Mitch Crown – Rockin' High
 Kylie Minogue – All the Lovers
 Ned Shepard – Chromatic
 Green Velvet – Flash

2011:
 Taio Cruz – Dynamite (Nicky Romero Bootleg)
 Usher – More (Nicky Romero Bootleg)
 Abel Ramos feat. Rozalla – Where Is the Love
 Tanja La Croix feat. Andy P – Hard to Handle
 Flo Rida – Turn Around (5,4,3,2,1)
 Housequake feat. Michele David – Out of the Dark
 David Guetta feat. Flo Rida & Nicki Minaj – Where Them Girls At
 Enrique Iglesias feat. Lil Wayne & Usher – Dirty Dancer
 Sidney Samson vs. Tara McDonald – Dynamite
 Junkie XL – Molly's E
 David Guetta feat. Usher – Without You
 Erick Morillo & Eddie Thoneick feat. Shawnee Taylor – Stronger
 David Guetta feat. Sia – Titanium

2012:
 Kelly Clarkson – What Doesn't Kill You (Stronger)
 Madonna feat. Nicki Minaj & M.I.A. – Give Me All Your Luvin'
 Eva Simons – I Don't Like You
 Mark Maitland & James Oliver – Point Blank'

2013:
 Ludacris feat. David Guetta & Usher – Rest Of My Life
 Calvin Harris feat. Ellie Goulding – I Need Your Love
 R3hab & Lucky Date – Rip It Up (Nicky Romero Edit)
 Zedd feat. Hayley Williams – Stay the Night (Nicky Romero Remix)

2014:
 John Christian – Next Level (Nicky Romero Edit)
 Cygnus X – Superstring (Nicky Romero Remix)

2015:
 Magnificence & Alec Maire feat. Brooke Forman – Heartbeat (Nicky Romero Edit)

2020:
 Robin Schulz feat. Alida – In Your Eyes (Nicky Romero Remix)

Weblinks
 Nicky Romero Offizielle Website

Einzelnachweise

DJ
House-Produzent
Pseudonym
Niederländer
Geboren 1989
Mann


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A stampede at last year's Hajj killed about 2,300 foreign pilgrims including hundreds of Iranians, and the Saudi authorities were blamed for the catastrophe.
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text:
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