Can SpaceBit's Blockchain Decentralize Space Exploration?
However since the Millennium, private space exploration has developed into a viable and potentially lucrative sector. Jeff Bezos ($143bn), Elon Musk ($20bn), and Richard Branson ($5.1bn) have invested in space tourist and transportation ventures, and SpaceX has designed and launched its own rockets; in 2012, a SpaceX rocket even took supplies to the International Space Station.
Outside of rocket development, companies are busy preparing to survey nearby asteroids and even the Moon for precious materials. For the growing commercial space sector, the rewards far outweigh the financial and human risks associated: the Davida asteroid, in the solar system's main asteroid belt, is thought to hold upwards of $10,000 quadrillion worth of precious metals and rare minerals.
Can We Decentralize Space Exploration?
Many are enchanted by the idea of the human journey into space and most believe it will happen: SpaceX's founder, Elon Musk, says he hopes to breathe his last on the first human colony on Mars.
But some hope that as humanity begins to pass the 'final frontier', it can do so as a community.
SpaceBit is a company looking to use blockchain technology to fund and operate space exploration missions. The team argues that blockchain technology is a far more effective means to coordinate global expertise than a centralized organization.
The founder, Pavlo Tanasyuk, argues that rather than relying on national governments or the incredibly wealthy, SpaceBit will encourage private participation through a decentralized form of governance. "Why can't people themselves determine the next space initiative rather than a government or Elon Musk?", he said.
Tanasyuk said SpaceBit's main objective is to use blockchain to create a new cooperative and funding structure for space exploration. Due to the significant capital costs involved in building the technology and means to get into outer-orbit, many space companies go through successive funding rounds without actually getting any closer to their principal objective.
Considering that companies like Telegram and EOS raised over a billion dollars from members of the public, Spacebit thinks then the same funding model could be used to provide adequate funding for space exploration.
One SpaceBit Closer… To The Moon!
The commercialization of space is a very real prospect and Jan Woerner, the director-general of the European Space Agency (ESA) said this week there was a place for private and corporate investment into space exploration, provided it was done in cooperation with national governments.
SpaceBit is currently going through a round of funding and if successful, hopes to be able to launch its first satellite to the moon in December 2019, in collaboration with two other British-based space companies. The current plan is to use the satellite to scan the lunar surface and send data on back to Earth to be tokenized and sold on to the highest bidder.
As the moon is believed to be very rich in minerals and rare Earth metals, Tanasyuk argues SpaceBit's data would show signs of deposits and other resources that would put it in high demand among companies interested in sending lunar mining missions.
Although the focus is predominantly on the satellite, the mission will also be a proof-of-concept to determine how effective SpaceBit's collaboration model is, and whether it could work for more ambitious space projects.
SpaceBit received media attention when it was first established in 2014, originally as a service to put private keys into orbit. Since co-founder Professor Ian Angell left the project, SpaceBit has maintained a low-profile and Tanasyuk says it has had time to re-evaluate its main objective and gather together a team of blockchain engineers.
In some senses, SpaceBit's relaunch back into the public eye is very timely. Space exploration is no longer the stuff of science fiction and blockchain technology has progressed from relative obscurity to something governments and companies alike are seriously interested in.
Tanasyuk's ultimate aim is for SpaceBit to use blockchain technology to make space a viable venture for everyone rather than super-wealthy: "when Apollo went up it was a feeling that we [humans] were all going into space and not just the Americans…part of SpaceBit's goal is to recreate this", he said.
To "reach for the stars" means to have high or ambitious aims in life.
Although blockchain has strong potential on Earth, can it go beyond?


text:
Ssaki niższe (Metatheria) – infragromada ssaków żyworodnych, do której zaliczane są torbacze (Marsupialia) oraz spokrewnione z nimi taksony kopalne. Nazwa Metatheria została wprowadzona w 1880 przez T.H. Huxleya.

Systematyka
W tradycyjnej systematyce ssaków torbacze klasyfikowane były w randze rzędu obejmującego rodziny:
 dydelfowate (Didelphidae)
 zbójnikowate (Caenolestidae)
 beztorbiki (Microbiotheriidae)
 †wilki workowate (Thylacinidae)
 mrówkożerowate (Myrmecobiidae)
 niełazowate (Dasyuridae)
 jamrajowate (Peramelidae)
 krety workowate (Notoryctidae)
 koalowate (Phascolarctidae)
 wombatowate (Vombatidae)
 pałankowate (Phalangeridae)
 kanguroszczurowate (Potoroidae)
 kangurowate (Macropodidae)
 drzewnicowate (Burramyidae)
 Pseudocheiridae
 lotopałankowate (Petauridae)
 ostronogowate (Tarsipedidae)
 akrobatki (Acrobatidae)

W 1987 Aplin i Archer zaproponowali podział ssaków niższych na torbacze amerykańskie i torbacze australijskie. Wśród nich wyłonili 7 rzędów:
 Ameridelphia
 dydelfokształtne
 skąpoguzkowce
 Australidelphia
 beztorbiki
 niełazokształtne
 krety workowate
 jamrajokształtne
 dwuprzodozębowce

Filogeneza
Możliwy kladogram Metatheria

 o Metatheria [Marsupialia sensu lato]
 |?- †Sinodelphys
 |-- †Holoclemensia
 |-- †Deltatheroida
 `--o "Neometatheria"
    |?- †Aenigmadelphys
    |?- †Anchistodelphys
    |?- †Neometatheria genera et species indet.
    |?= †Boreometatheria
    `--o Notometatheria
       |?- †Ischyrodelphis
       |?- †Xenodelphis
       |?- †Pascualdelphys
       |?- †Peradectidae
       |-- †Sparassodonta
       `--o Marsupialia sensu lato
          |?- Paucituberculata (skąpoguzkowce)
          `--+-- †Hondadelphys
             `--+-- †Pucadelphys
                `--+-- †Andinodelphys
                   `--o Marsupialia sensu Rougier, Wible, & Novacek, 1998
                      |--+?- †Szalinia
                      |  `-- Didelphioidea [Didelphimorphia] (dydelfokształtne)
                      `-- Australidelphia

Przypisy

Bibliografia

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


All 250 workers at Bernard Matthews' sandwich business have been made redundant, after it was acquired by Irish company Kerry Foods.
Around 150 jobs have been axed with the closure of the company's Dunstable factory, with the remaining redundancies coming from the van sales business.Frank Hayes, director of corporate affairs at Kerry Foods, confirmed to British Baker that it had acquired the assets of the sandwich-making firm, but had told the Dunstable workforce that it would not be required to operate the facility.The Bernard Matthews sandwich business in Dunstable opened in 2003 and, through the Yummy Food Company brand, supplied retailers including Superdrug and Morrisons. However, a Bernard Matthews spokesman said: "Following an extensive review of our business in the current and projected challenging trading environment, it has become clear that we need to change the strategies and organisation if we are to secure Bernard Matthews' future as a sustainable business." He added the company would now concentrate on its "historical core business of turkey farming and production". Miles Hubbard, regional industrial organiser of the Unite union, which represents Bernard Matthews workers, said the redundancies were "regrettable" but the only alternative appeared to be "summary closure".


text:
The United Kingdom, comprising England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Island, is an island nation in northwestern Europe. The country offers a unique combination of bustling modern cities, little towns, beautiful countryside landscapes and scores of historic landmarks. The United Kingdom is one of the most influential countries of the world. It boasts superior educational institutions, an unparalleled finance sector and one of the best free healthcare services in the world.
242,495 sq km
Pounds Sterling (GBP)
1 USD = 0.81 GBP
Residency or citizenship status in the UK provides investors with access to a world of exclusive benefits:
Diverse and multicultural society represented by large cultural and ethnic communities
Superior standard of education, a broad network of state and private schools, and more than 150 universities and higher education institutions
One of the best free healthcare services in the world
Member of the G8 group of countries
Attractive tax regime for high net worth investors classed as UK resident, non-domiciled
Enjoy exceptional travel mobility and security with a UK passport
International business environment — London is the financial capital of the world
Direct international flight connections to almost all major cities in the world
World-renowned schools and universities
The Tier 1 Investor Visa
The Tier 1 (Investor) Visa has been designed for wealthy individuals willing to invest £2 million + in the UK economy, and is the most efficient route to obtaining temporary UK residence.
The initial visa is granted for 3 years and 4 months, then an extension for 2 years can be applied for, providing all criteria are met.
Indefinite Leave to Remain (ILR) can be applied for in 2–5 years and citizenship in 5–6 years, subject to the eligibility criteria being met
An accelerated settlement option is available and dependent on the amount of invested capital – £10 million leads to Indefinite Leave to Remain (ILR) after 2 years, or £5 million for Indefinite Leave to Remain (ILR) after 3 years.
Individuals can invest in corporate bonds, their own company, or any listed company depending on their risk appetite. Brookes & Partners will introduce the individual to various wealth management providers who will assess the individual's risk appetite and advise them on the correct investment strategy.
The UK Innovator Visa
The Innovator Visa route is aimed at experienced entrepreneurs seeking to set up or to run a business in the UK. Under this route, applicants are required to demonstrate an innovative, viable and scalable business idea which is supported by a Home Office approved Endorsing Body.
Applicants should have access to at least £100,000-200,000 to invest in their business.
The initial visa is granted for a period of 3 years. Innovators will be able to apply to extend their stay after 3 years, for a further 3 years, or they can settle permanently in the UK.
The individual does not have to have their own business to invest in. Brookes & Partners will introduce the individual to select businesses, that have been vetted, and in which they can invest. The individual's professional background is matched with businesses that have relevance to their skill set.
It is important that the individual has the relevant experience and/or qualifications for the type of business they are investing in.
The individual can invest in any type of business that might be considered sufficiently innovative. The individual does not have to have tech industry experience.
The Overseas Representative Visa (also known as the Sole Representative Visa), can be granted to individuals that hold a senior position within a company whose headquarters are outside the UK, when the company is planning to set up UK representation, and where this individual is appointed as the sole UK company representative. No investments are required for this type of visa, however there are a set of requirements to that have to be met:
The initial representative of an overseas business visa grants entry for 3 years, which can be extended for another 2 years. After 5 years residing in the UK, applicants can apply for permission to settle permanently in the UK.
The applicant cannot be an owner of a business of which they own 100% of the shares.
The applicant must be someone who owns under 50% of the shares of the business. They then come to the UK to represent that business to market its goods and services.
The visa can be used for many different types of businesses, however the purpose of the visa is to set up a UK representation of a current business and market its goods and services in the UK. The business needs to be tailored for the UK market.
Bangladesh, Cambodia, Hong Kong (SAR China), Indonesia, Laos, Macao (SAR China), Malaysia, Maldives, Nepal, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Timor-Leste
Botswana, Cape Verde Islands, Comores Islands, Egypt, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Rwanda, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, St. Helena, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia,
Cook Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, Micronesia, New Caledonia, Niue, Palau Islands, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Vanuatu
Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Haiti, Jamaica, Montserrat, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Belize, Bermuda, Bolivia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru
Armenia, Iran
UK?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
DCE Theses and Dissertations
Reverend Theodore Judson Jemison: The Man Who Revolutionized the Civil Rights Movement
ROBERTS-DOCUMENT-2020.pdf (555.2Kb)
Roberts, Terri
Roberts, Terri. 2020. Reverend Theodore Judson Jemison: The Man Who Revolutionized the Civil Rights Movement. Master's thesis, Harvard Extension School.
The Civil Rights Movement is arguably one of America's most defining periods. It was the true start of the establishment not just of legal equality, but moral equality between the African American and Caucasian communities. Many scholars start their works with famous civil rights activists such as Rosa Parks, Martin Luther King Jr., or Malcolm X. However, few realize that before any of them took their first steps toward fighting inequality in 1955, two years earlier a man who later inspired many activists was getting to work. Reverend Theodore Jemison led the first ever bus boycott in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, in 1953. The goal of this study is to demonstrate that examining this lesser-known activist opens up new avenues of inquiry into religious legacies, economics, education, and social capital. Doing so will shine light on the central influences of all civil rights leaders during the 1950s and into the 1960s. Note that quotations from individuals' oral and written testimonies from during the bus boycott or statements made after have not been altered from their original wording. This means there are terminological and grammatical issues within someone of the statements. However, I felt as scholar it would be unethical to polish their language into more formal English. Their word choices and language are representative of their era and location.
DCE Theses and Dissertations [952]


The Greater Victoria Public Library Board has one vacancy and recruitment is underway to fill this position. Applicants must have lived for six months in the City of Victoria. Click here to learn more about the Greater Victoria Public Library Board and apply for this posting.
The Victoria Family Court and Youth Justice Committee has one vacancy and recruitment is underway to fill this position. Click here to learn more about the Victoria Family Court and Youth Justice Committee and apply for this posting.
For questions about either posting please email legislativeservices@victoria.ca or phone Legislative Services at 250.360.0571.


text:
Reading: Uefa under fire as Euro 2020 fans are blamed for surge in cases, Football News & Top Stories
Home » Uefa under fire as Euro 2020 fans are blamed for surge in cases, Football News & Top Stories
Uefa under fire as Euro 2020 fans are blamed for surge in cases, Football News & Top Stories
COPENHAGEN • The Euro 2020 football tournament was yesterday blamed for a surge in coronavirus cases as fans have flocked to stadiums, bars and spectator zones across Europe to watch the action while the pandemic still raged.
Germany's interior minister called European football's governing body Uefa "utterly irresponsible" for allowing big crowds at the tournament.
The World Health Organisation (WHO) said the mixing of crowds in Euro 2020 host cities, travel and easing of social restrictions had driven up the number of new cases by 10 per cent.
A 10-week decline in new infections across Europe had come to an end and a new wave is inevitable if football fans and others drop their guard, WHO senior emergency officer Catherine Smallwood said in Copenhagen.
"We need to look beyond just the stadiums themselves," she told reporters. "We need to look at how people get there, are they travelling in large crowded convoys of buses? And when they leave the stadiums, are they going into crowded bars and pubs to watch the matches?"
These events were driving the spread of the virus, she said.
With Covid-19 restrictions varying from nation to nation, crowd sizes have ranged from completely full, such as 60,000 in Budapest, to 25 per cent to 45 per cent capacity in other venues, where there have often been around 10,000 to 15,000 spectators.
Uefa said yesterday it was fully aligned with the local health authorities' guidelines at every venue.
"The final decisions with regard to the number of fans attending matches and the entry requirements to any of the host countries and host stadiums fall under the responsibility of the competent local authorities, and Uefa strictly follows any such measures," it said in a statement.
But German Interior Minister Horst Seehofer told reporters at a news conference: "I cannot explain why Uefa is not being sensible…I suspect it is due to commercialism."
Concern over the potential health knock-on has been rising.
397 Number of people who live in Scotland identified as having gone to Wembley Stadium to watch the Euro 2020 match between England and Scotland while infectious.
Scotland's health authority said 1,991 people had been identified as attending a Euro 2020 event while infectious, of whom 1,294 had travelled to London and 397 had gone to Wembley where England played Scotland on June 18.
Finland said more than 300 nationals were infected while supporting their team against Belgium in Saint Petersburg on June 21.
The city, one of Russia's Covid-19 hot spots, is due to stage the Switzerland-Spain quarter-final today, with 50 per cent capacity allowed in a stadium that would usually hold 68,000 people.
More than 1,000 Swiss are expected to travel for the game.
Swiss Health Minister Alain Berset warned travellers that it would be foolhardy to go without first having been vaccinated with a Covid-19 shot.
Italy yesterday warned fans from England not to try to use loopholes in Covid-19 travel restrictions to sneak into the Stadio Olimpico in Rome to watch their team play Ukraine tomorrow, even if they have a ticket. Some 16,000 fans are expected for the match.
Uefa's Euro 2020 medical adviser Daniel Koch said vaccinations and border controls would prevent a big new wave.
Events and gatherings could lead to some increase in the number of cases, he said, but this would apply to all sorts of other situations, not just football.


text:
The U.S. Air Force Thunderbirds perform the "Diamond pass and review" at Travis AFB, California on July 30, 2011. (U.S. Air Force photo/Staff Sgt Richard Rose Jr.)
Alliance Aviation Services Hosts North Texas' First Drive-In Air Show
One of the largest, longest running, and most successful civilian air shows in Texas is now a drive-in experience. Read below to learn how Alliance Aviation Services (KAFW) plans to keep this event safe during COVID-19.
Award-Winning Air Show Becomes North Texas' First Drive-In Experience
Keyara Allen
Alliance Aviation Services – KAFW
Alliance Aviation Services' largest event of the year, The Bell Fort Worth Alliance Air Show at Fort Worth – Alliance Airport, was recently awarded first place for the "Best Air Show" in the 2020 USA TODAY 10 Best Readers' Choice Awards! Alliance Air Show, for the third year in a row, has placed in the top three for this prestigious award.
This year's show, set for Oct. 17-18, marks the 30th Anniversary and will be in the form of a drive-in experience, making it North Texas' first drive-in air show. The air show is one of the largest, longest-running, and most successful civilian air shows in the nation and attracts more than 120,000 people each year.
With health and safety as the top priority, social distancing standards, and additional protocols will be in place. Each vehicle will be appropriately separated – with one space for the vehicle and the adjacent area for guests to sit safely and picnic. Guests will still be able to photograph, see, and feel the heart-thumping roar of the world-renowned U.S. Air Force Thunderbirds and other best-in-class performers.
Critical Safety Information:
Those who have had COVID-19 symptoms or had close contact with someone who has had COVID-19 symptoms within the past 14 days should remain at home.
All gests will be required to wear masks for the entirety of the event.
Open flames, grills, pop-up tents, RVs, trailers, and smoking will not be allowed.
Ample restrooms and hand wash stations will be onsite.
In addition to promoting and educating the public about aviation and the aeronautic sciences, the Bell Fort Worth Alliance Air Show has dedicated itself to giving back to the community and giving each generation a taste of aviation's history and future. Proceeds from the air show have been proudly donated to over 70 nonprofit organizations totaling $760,000 since 2006.
For more information, visit the Bell Fort Worth Alliance Airshow website.
Alliance Aviation Services, an Air Elite Location in Fort Worth, Texas at Fort Worth Alliance Airport, provides world-class customer service to those traveling to the North Texas region. With 14 Operations Specialists and 7 Customer Service Representatives, the team manages over 130,000 SF of hangar space along with a 95,000-gallon fuel farm, five fuel trucks all while delivering superb cargo, executive travel, and government support services. The Alliance Aviation Services team is also involved in several large-scale annual events.


Our second annual golf competition will be held in beautiful but cruel Eke Golf course on Friday 20th of July 2018. We tee up together at 11:00. The game format will be Stableford. We will have fun, since JCO is also celebrating the 10th anniversary!!


THE DAY IT SNOWED IN MIAMI traces the political activism behind an equal-rights statute in Miami, and how it galvanized the gay rights movement in Florida and beyond. Thirty five years ago, as snowflakes prepared to dust palm trees in a city known for its warmth, Miami-Dade County lawmakers unknowingly debated an issue that would ignite a political maelstrom. The seemingly benign ordinance - essentially an addendum to the county's existing anti-discrimination legislation - sought to prohibit discrimination in housing, public accommodations or employment based on the basis of 'affectional or sexual preference.' On Jan. 18, 1977, a throng of conservatives led by singer and Florida Orange Juice spokeswoman Anita Bryant packed downtown commission chambers in protest. The commissioners ultimately passed the ordinance by a narrow 5-3 margin, but Bryant vowed to lead a repeal - and succeeded. The ordinance set back the gay-rights movement for decades; it took more than 20 years for Miami-Dade to revive and pass the law. The 90-minute documentary also chronicles the tragic effects of the AIDS pandemic in South Florida, and the ironic, compassionate turn in public opinion towards the gay community.


text:
import flask
from flask.ext import sqlalchemy
from flask.ext import assets as webassets
from flask.ext.mail import Mail, Message
from flask.ext.admin import Admin, AdminIndexView
from flask.ext.admin.contrib.sqlamodel import ModelView
from flask.ext.login import current_user

from werkzeug.contrib.fixers import ProxyFix

import logging
import os
import os.path

from .config import BaseConfig
from .utils.api import Api

# Expose API constructs through this module
app = flask.Flask(BaseConfig.PROJECT_NAME)
app.config.from_object(BaseConfig)

app.wsgi_app = ProxyFix(app.wsgi_app)

# Flask Extensions
mail = Mail(app)

# Database
db = sqlalchemy.SQLAlchemy(app)

# An API
api = Api(app, prefix="/api/v1")

# Asset bundles
assets = webassets.Environment(app)

# Coffee Scripts
scripts_path = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(app.config["BASEDIR"],
    "static/scripts"))

coffee_scripts = ["scripts/%s" % (f, )
        for f in os.listdir(scripts_path) if f.endswith(".coffee")]

assets.register("coffee_scripts", webassets.Bundle(*coffee_scripts,
                filters=("coffeescript,rjsmin" if app.config["ASSETS_MINIFY"]
                    else "coffeescript"),
                output="scripts/generated.js"))

# Less stylesheets
styles_path = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(app.config["BASEDIR"],
    "static/styles"))

less_stylesheets = ["styles/%s" % (f, )
        for f in os.listdir(styles_path) if f.endswith(".less")]

assets.register("less_stylesheets", webassets.Bundle(*less_stylesheets,
                filters=("less,cssmin" if app.config["ASSETS_MINIFY"]
                    else "less"),
                output="styles/generated.css"))

# Sending templated emails
def send_mail(destination, subject, template, **template_kwargs):
    text = flask.render_template("{0}.txt".format(template), **template_kwargs)

    logging.info("Sending email to {0}. Body is: {1}".format(
        destination, repr(text)[:50]))

    msg = Message(
        subject,
        recipients=[destination]
    )

    msg.body = text
    msg.html = flask.render_template("{0}.html".format(template),
            **template_kwargs)

    mail.send(msg)

# WTForms helpers
from utils import wtf
wtf.add_helpers(app)

# Bootstrap helpers
def alert_class_filter(category):
    # Map different message types to Bootstrap alert classes
    categories = {
        "message": "warning"
    }
    return categories.get(category, category)

app.jinja_env.filters['alert_class'] = alert_class_filter

# Admin interface
class SecuredAdminIndexView(AdminIndexView):
    def is_accessible(self):
        return current_user.has_role("admin")

class SecuredModelView(ModelView):
    def is_accessible(self):
        return current_user.has_role("admin")

admin = Admin(app, "Auth", index_view=SecuredAdminIndexView())

model_classes = []
if app.config.get("AUTOGENERATE_MODEL_ADMIN", True):
    # We have to hook in to the db.Model metaclass to keep track of any table
    # classes we define
    class _AdminBoundDeclarativeMeta(sqlalchemy._BoundDeclarativeMeta):
        def __init__(self, name, bases, d):
            super(self.__class__, self).__init__(name, bases, d)
            if name != "Model":
                model_classes.append(self)

    db.Model = sqlalchemy.declarative_base(cls=sqlalchemy.Model,
        name="Model", mapper=sqlalchemy.signalling_mapper,
        metaclass=_AdminBoundDeclarativeMeta)
    db.Model.query = sqlalchemy._QueryProperty(db)

# Automatically include views, files and APIs
include_files = set(["views.py", "models.py", "api.py"])

for root, dirname, files in os.walk(app.config["BASEDIR"]):
    for filename in files:
        if filename in include_files:
            relative = os.path.relpath(os.path.join(root, filename))[:-3]
            module = ".".join(relative.split(os.sep))
            __import__(module, level=-1)

for cls in model_classes:
    admin.add_view(SecuredModelView(cls, db.session,
        category="CRUD"))

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Richard LETTS
Personal Information | Media | All
Name Richard LETTS
Born 5 May 1826 Holdenby, Northamptonshire, England
Christened 7 May 1826 Holdenby, Northamptonshire, England
Died 29 Apr 1902 Northampton, Northamptonshire, England
From "Arthur Letts" biography - Richards father gave him a trip to Australia as he had done well at school. He left England on 25/9/1849, passed Madeira, St. Helena, so must have gone by Cape Horn, landing at Adelaide, Australia on 11/1/1850. At least 18 people died on the voyage, some of cholera. He stayed in Australia for a couple of years and then returned to England where he married Caroline Coleman in 1855.
Person ID I5290 Long Family
Father Richard LETTS, b. 10 Oct 1794, Holdenby, Northamptonshire, England , d. 11 Nov 1872, Brixworth, Northamptonshire, England (Age 78 years)
Mother Ann JENNINGS, b. 10 Oct 1795, Ravensthorpe, Dewsbury, Yorkshire
Married 27 Jun 1825 Ravensthorpe, Dewsbury, Yorkshire
Family Caroline COLEMAN, b. 12 Sep 1834, Chapel Brampton, Northamptonshire, England
Married 6 Jun 1855 Northamptonshire, England
+ 1. Annie LETTS, b. 7 Dec 1856, Holdenby, Northamptonshire, England , d. 11 Nov 1921, England (Age 64 years)
+ 2. Richard LETTS, b. 23 Mar 1858, Holdenby, Northamptonshire, England , d. 16 Jan 1935, Queensland, Austrilia (Age 76 years)
3. George LETTS, b. 20 Jul 1860, Holdenby, Northamptonshire, England
+ 4. Arthur LETTS, b. 17 Jun 1862, Holdenby, Northamptonshire, England , d. 18 May 1923, Los Angeles, California, USA (Age 60 years)
5. Francis LETTS, b. 10 Oct 1864, Holdenby, Northamptonshire, England
6. Flora Edith LETTS, b. 10 Oct 1866, Holdenby, Northamptonshire, England
7. Louis LETTS, b. 10 Oct 1868, Holdenby, Northamptonshire, England
8. Ernest LETTS, b. 10 Oct 1870, Holdenby, Northamptonshire, England
9. Ada Caroline LETTS, b. 18 Feb 1873, Holdenby, Northamptonshire, England
+ 10. Mabel Grace LETTS, b. 19 Dec 1873, Holmby Lodge, Holdenby, Northamptonshire, England , d. 27 Aug 1958, Los Angeles, California, USA (Age 84 years)
Photo taken in 1904, Possible in California USA.
a Young Richard looking very Dapper.
1884 Liverpool Ship Manifest.
6 of the Letts family head for Nova Scotia, Canada.
1841 English Census
Letts family and Jennings family living in Holdenby.
1861 Holdenby Census
Letts family
Letts are doing very well.
Letts Family are alive and well.
Kilner family, and Richard Letts, and Mother Kilner.
1900 Niagara Falls, Census
Richard Letts, Caroline, and Ada.


text:
Post-Roman Europe: The barbarian kingdoms
The barbarian states which arose on the ruins of the Western Empire were founded under widely different circumstances of time and place, by tribes and federations of tribes drawn from every part of Germany. We expect to find, and we do find, infinite varieties of detail in their laws, their social distinctions, their methods of government. But from a broader point of view they may be grouped in two classes, not according to affinities of race, but according to their relations with the social order which they had invaded.
One group of kingdoms was founded under cover of a legal fiction; the Visigoths, the Ostrogoths, and the Burgundians claimed to be the allies of the Empire. At one time or another they obtained the recognition of Constantinople for their settlements. Their kings accepted or usurped the titles of imperial administrators, stamped their coins with the effigies of the reigning Emperor, dated their proclamations by the names of the consuls for the year, and in many other ways flaunted their nominal subjection as the legal basis of their actual sovereignty. This fiction did not prevent them from governing their new dominions in true Teutonic fashion, through royal bailiffs, who administered the state demesnes, and military officers (dukes, counts, etc.) who ruled with autocratic sway over administrative districts. Nor did the most lenient of them hesitate to provide for their armies by wholesale confiscations; the ordinary rule was to take from the great proprietor one-third or two-thirds of his estate for the benefit of the Teutonic immigrant. Further, we have ample evidence that the provincials found existence considerably more precarious under the new order. The rich were exposed to the malice of the false informer and the venal judge; the cultivators of the soil were often oppressed and often reduced from partial freedom to absolute slavery. Yet in some respects the invaders of this type were tolerant and adaptable. They left to the provincials the civil law of Rome, and even codified it to guard against unauthorised innovations; the Lex Romana Burgundionum and the Visigothic Breviarium Alarici are still extant as memorials of this policy. They realised the necessity of compelling barbarians and provincials alike to respect the elementary rights of person and property; Theodoric the Ostrogoth and Gundobad the Burgundian were the authors of new criminal codes, in the one case mainly, in the other partially, derived from Roman jurisprudence. Such rulers were not content with professing an impartial regard for both classes of their subjects; they frequently raised the better-class provincials to posts of responsibility and confidence. By a singular fatality the chief races of this group had embraced the Arian heresy, which was repudiated and detested by their subjects. Yet their great statesmen uniformly extended toleration to the rival creed, and even patronised the orthodox bishops, by whom they were secretly regarded as worse than the lowest of the heathen. This generosity was little more than common prudence. Numerically the conquerors were much inferior to the provincials; economically they had everything to lose by needless ill-treatment of those whom they exploited. But the best of them had studied the organisation of the Empire at close quarters, sometimes as captains in the imperial service, sometimes as neighbours of flourishing provinces in the years preceding the grand catastrophe; and knowledge rarely failed to produce in them some respect or even enthusiasm for the Respublica Romana. " When I was young," said King Athaulf the Visigoth, "I desired to obliterate the Roman name and to bring under the sway of the Goths all that once belonged to the Romans. But I learned better by experience. The Goths were licentious barbarians who would obey no laws; and to deprive the commonwealth of laws would have been a crime. So for my part I chose the glory of restoring the Roman name to its old estate." To such men the ideal of the future was a federation of states owing a nominal allegiance to the official head of the Empire, but cherishing an effective loyalty to all that was best in Roman law and culture.
The second group comprises the kingdoms which were founded in outlying provinces or comparatively late in time. The invaders of England, the Franks in Northern Gaul, the Alemanni and the Bavarians on the Upper Rhine and the Danube, the Lombards in Italy, the Vandals in Africa, never came completely under the spell of the past. The Vandals might have done so, but for their fanatical devotion to Arianism; for the province of Africa, in which they settled, was one of those which Roman statesmanship had most completely civilised. The Franks might have imitated the Visigoths and the Burgundians, if fortune had laid the cradle of their power in the valley of the Loire or the Rhone instead of the forests and marshes of the Netherlands. The Lombards and the Saxons showed no innate aversion to the ways and works of Rome; but they entered upon provinces which had already been impoverished and depopulated by the scourge of war. Such races proceeded rapidly with the construction of a new social and political order, because the past was a sealed book to them. Roman law vanished from England so completely as to leave it doubtful whether the Saxons ever came to terms with the provincials; it was tolerated but not encouraged by the Franks; it was in great measure set aside by the Lombards; it seems to have been unknown to the Alemanni and Bavarians.
The future of Europe lay not with the Goths or with the Burgundians, but with more ignorant or less impressionable races who, rather by good fortune than by choice, escaped the vices in missing the lessons of Roman civilisation. The Franks and the Saxons, as we find them described by Gregory of Tours and the Venerable Bede, were far from resembling the noble savage imagined by Tacitus and other idealists. But they were trained for future empire in the hard school of a northern climate.
Post-Roman Britain
Teutonic England hardly enters into European history before the year 800. In the fifth and sixth centuries a multitude of small colonies had been founded on the soil of Roman Britain by the three tribes of the Angles, Saxons and Jutes, who migrated thither from Jutland and Schleswig-Holstein. A few considerable kingdoms had emerged from this chaos by the time when the English received from Rome their first Christian teacher, St. Augustine: Kent, Sussex, and Wessex in the south; Mercia and East Anglia in the Midlands; Northumbria between the Humber and the Forth. The efforts of every ruler were devoted to the establishment of his personal ascendancy over the whole group. Such a supremacy was obtained by Aethelbert of Kent, the first royal convert to Christianity; by Edwin of Northumbria and his two immediate successors in the seventh century; by Offa of Mercia (757-796); and by Egbert of Wessex (802-839), whose power foreshadowed the later triumphs of the house of Alfred.
Post-Roman Gaul
Southern Gaul was divided in the fifth century between the Visigoths and the Burgundians. The former of these peoples entered the imperial service in 410, after
the death of Alaric I, who had led them into Italy. His successors, Athaulf and Wallia,
undertook to pacify Gaul and to recover Spain for the rulers of Ravenna; the second of these sovereigns was rewarded with a settlement, for himself and his followers,
between the Loire and the Garonne (419). In the terrible battle of Troyes, against Attila the Hun (451), they did good service to the Roman cause; but both before and after that event they were chiefly occupied in extending their boundaries by force or fraud. At the close of the fifth century their power in Gaul extended from the Loire to the Pyrenees, from the Atlantic to the Rhone valley, and along the Mediterranean seaboard farther east to the Alps. In Spain—which had been, since 409, the prey of the Vandals, Alans and Suevi—they found a more legitimate field for their ambitions. Between 466 and 484 they annexed every part of the peninsula except the north-west corner, which remained the last stronghold of their defeated competitors. The Burgundians, from less auspicious beginnings, had built up a smaller but yet a powerful kingdom. Transplanted by a victorious Roman general to Savoy (443) from the lands between the Necker and the Main, they had descended into the Rhone basin at the invitation of the provincials, to protect that fertile land alike against Teutonic marauders and Roman tax-collectors. By the year 500 they ruled from the Durance in the south to the headwaters of the Doubs and the Saone in the north, from the Alps and the Jura to the sources of the Loire.
Northern Gaul remains to be considered. It was here that the Frankish monarchy developed; and we deal last with the Franks because they were destined to harvest the chief fruits of barbarian conquest and colonisation. By the close of the eighth century Africa, Spain, and Britain were the only western provinces of the Empire in which they had failed to establish themselves as the sole or the dominant power; and moreover they had penetrated by that time farther into Central Europe than any Roman statesman, since Tiberius, had extended his schemes of conquest. The expansion of the Franks was a slow process, interrupted by periods of stagnation or relapse; and we can only trace it in the barest outline.
Known from an early date to the Romans as vagrant marauders, the Franks had been heavily chastised by most of the soldier emperors from Probus to Julian. Some of them were forcibly settled as serf-colonists on the left bank of the Rhine; others (the Salian Franks) appropriated to themselves a large part of Batavia, the marsh country at the mouths of the Scheldt and Rhine; a third group (the Ripuarians) occupied the lands between the Rhine and the Meuse, in the neighbourhood of Koln and Bonn. The Salians and Ripuarians counted as allies (foederati) of the Empire, at least from the time of Aetius; under whom, like the Visigoths, they fought against the Huns at Troyes (451) Their aggressions were checked on the West by the Roman governors of the country lying between the Somme and the Loire; and their power was impaired by the partition of the Sahan people among a swarm of petty kings. But in 481, with the accession of Clovis to the throne of Tournai, there began a period of consolidation and advance. In 486 Clovis overthrew the Roman governor Syagrius and usurped his power. In 496 he annexed the purely Teutonic principality which the Alemanni had recently established in the country now known as Suabia. This victory was the occasion of his conversion to Christianity. The legend goes that, in the crisis of the final battle, Clovis appealed to the God of his pious wife : "I have called on ray gods and they have forsaken me. To Thee I turn, in Thee will I believe, if Thou wilt deliver me." He kept his word, and was baptized by St. Remi, the Bishop of Rheims, thus becoming a member of the orthodox communion, and the hope of all the Gallic clergy, who had hitherto submitted with an ill grace to the heretical rulers of the Visigoths and the Burgundians. A crafty and ambitious savage, the King of Tournai quickly realised the advantage of alliance with the native Church. In the year 500 he turned upon the Burgundians in the hope of making them his tributaries. He failed in his object, for the Burgundian King made a timely feint of conversion to orthodoxy and otherwise conciliated the Gallo-Roman population. But over Alaric II the Visigoth, who had been so impolitic as to persecute orthodox bishops, the Franks secured an easy and dramatic triumph. "It irks me," said Clovis to his army, "that these Arians should rule in Gaul". Alaric, after a single defeat, took refuge in his Spanish dominions, where he was left to rule in peace. At one stroke the power of the Franks had advanced from the Loire to the Pyrenees (507). The latter days of Clovis were prosperously occupied in exterminating rival Frankish dynasties and the more dangerous of his own kindred. He died, after a reign of thirty years, in the odour of sanctity: "God increased his kingdom every day, because he walked with an upright heart and did what was pleasing in the eyes of God." He was buried in the Gallo-Roman part of his dominions, at Paris, which he had chosen as his capital. The province of Syagrius, later known as Neustria or Western Francia, was the natural centre of the Frankish state, nor was Clovis indifferent to the traditions and the luxury of an older civilisation. In Aquitaine he posed as the representative of the Empire, and he rode through the streets of Tours in the purple robe of a consul, which he had received from the Emperor Anastasius. The hope at Constantinople was that he would treat Theodoric the Ostrogoth as he had already treated Alaric; this was the first of many occasions on which the network of imperial diplomacy was woven round a Frankish king.
But the Franks, more faithfully than any of their rivals, held to the barbarian usage of dividing a kingdom, in the manner of a family estate, equally between the sons of a dead sovereign. Logically pursued this custom of inheritance would have led to utter disintegration, such as Germany exhibited in the fourteenth century. Among the Franks a partition was followed, as a matter of course, by fratricidal conflicts and consequent reunion of the kingdom in the hands of the ultimate survivor; but even so the energies of the nation were squandered upon civil wars. The descendants of Clovis did little to augment the realm that he bequeathed to them; this little was done in the fifty years following his death. The Burgundians, Bavarians and Thuringians were subdued; Provence was bought from the Ostrogoths at the price of armed support against Justinian; the Saxons were compelled to promise tribute. From 561 to 688 the power and the morale of the Franks steadily declined. Dagobert I (628-638), the most renowned of the Merovingians after Clovis, could only chastise rebels and strengthen the defences of the eastern frontier. He released the Saxons from tribute; he was unable to prevent an adventurer of his own race, the merchant Samo, from organising the Slavs of Bohemia and the neighbouring lands in a powerful and aggressive federation. Already in his time the East Franks (Austrasians) refused to be governed from Neustria, and insisted that the son of Dagobert should be their king. After Dagobert the three kingdoms of Neustria, Austrasia and Burgundy asserted their right to separate administrations, even when subject to one king. In each of these divisions the effective ruler was the Mayor of the Palace, a viceroy who kept his sovereign in perpetual tutelage. The later Merovingians were feeble puppets, produced before their subjects on occasions of state, but at other times relegated to honourable seclusion on one of their estates. The history of the Franks from 638 to 719 is that of conflicts between the great families of Neustria and Austrasia for the position of sole Mayor. At length unity was restored by the triumph of the Austrasian Charles Martel. His father had gained the same position, but it was left for the son to sweep away the last remaining competitors.
(Source: "MEDIEVAL EUROPE" by H. W. C. DAVIS)
Europe, German invasions, History, Roman Empire
Neanderthals walked into frozen Britain 40,000 years earlier than first thought, evidence shows
Theosis; the true purpose of human life – Part 1


text:
Q: How to take a picture from camera without using intent in android studio i am working on an android app. In which i am trying to implement the camera functionality and take a picture and save it in storage, without using the intent to avoid getting android built-in camera.

A: CommonsWare's link is a good start. If you're strapped on time or lazy and need an in-app camera up and running I'd recommend using a library like https://github.com/commonsguy/cwac-cam2, which, coincidentally was developed by the guy(s) over CommonsWare.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Inverse of atomic capturing group In a sequence, I would like to obtain the position of multiple characters, and then characters and and positions of the characters in-between these.
For example, in ABZYZABZAYAYABCYZA, I start by matching all multiples of Y and Z using the atomic capturing condition.
import regex as re
seq = 'ABZYZABZAYAYABCYZA'
iter = re.finditer(r'Y|Z', seq)
dd = {}
for matchedobj in iter:
        dd[matchedobj.group()] = dd.get(matchedobj.group(),[]) + [matchedobj.start()]

which gives
{'Y': [3, 9, 11, 15], 'Z': [2, 4, 7, 16]}

Then I would like to match all the whole space in between consecutive Y or Z. In this case, the output matches should be
{'AB': [0, 5], 'A': [8, 10], 'ABC':[12]}

Trying with non-capturing conditions:
iter = re.findter(r'\w*?(?:(Y|Z))', seq)

and with look arounds:
iter = re.finditer(r'[^YZ]\w+?(?=Y|Z)|(?<=Y|Z)\w+?(?=Y|Z)|(?<=Y|Z)\w+', seq)

both do not work properly.

A: Your pattern is X|Y that matches a single character, X or Y. To reverse it, you may use [^XY] and to match any 1+ chars like that, all you need is to append the + quantifier.
Now, you are saving the matches to a dictionary, but you expect keys with the same names. That means, only the last value for each identical key will be saved. You need a list of tuples, not a dictionary.
Use
for matchedobj in re.finditer(r'[^YZ]+', seq):
    dd.append((matchedobj.group(), matchedobj.start()))

Output; [('AB', 0), ('AB', 5), ('A', 8), ('A', 10), ('ABC', 12), ('A', 17)]


Not a great deal of time so I will keep this to a few pointers.
Ten fillies make the lineup.
Enrolment hails from Richard Fahey's stable which can do little wrong at the moment. A well-bred juvenile from Cheveley Park Stud. This handler often goes well with these on debut.
Mick Channon isn't the force of old but Neola showed promise on debut in what looked to be a hot race. The winner looked a talent and the second, Havana Grey, cruised to an impressive victory next time out. The third and fourth have run respectably. This daughter of Foxwedge is out of a decent mare, Effie B. This February foal is compact. She wasn't fancied on debut or given a hard time, sure to improve for this second start and could well hit the frame. From a statistical point of view, she holds respectable claims if priced 13/2 & less SP.
Quite interested in Under Offer. This daughter of Bated Breath is owned by Saeed Manana. Trainer, James Tate, seems to have benefited from the retirement of Clive Brittain and a very capable handler. This chestnut filly was well backed at Ripon but had to play third fiddle behind Maggies Angel who won easily from Mount Victoria who is a bulky girl. It is difficult to assess the level of form detailed that day, which does make one cautious. This March foal ran on well in the closing stages and will be primed here. The price is a touch short. However, it is a reflection of some hope and I would be very surprised if she isn't in the first three. If drifting a touch or put in an each way double looks a sound bet.
Scott Dixon has Wings Of The Rock who is owned by The Cool Silk Partnership. I can't remember him training for them before. They are a respected syndicate although they often do better with their breeze-up purchased who seem to be selective. The betting is the best guide. If seriously backed it would bring further hope.
Conclusion: Not the easiest race to assess. I expect Enrolment to go well. Richard Fahey is an exceptional trainer of debutantes but there is always a few ifs and buts about any horse making its racecourse bow to a point that a short price may not offer value. He has done very well with horses owned by Cheveley Park Stud which gives greater hope. Neola may look to need improvement but could have claims if one or two of the debutantes disappoint. The form of that first start is decent enough although beaten by the winner by some way. Clearly, this filly needs to progress from that start but should. If priced 13/2 & less would hold each-way claims. Under Offer would be of great interest if drifting to an each-way price. It would have to drift so much it might be a concern like a leg had fallen off going to start. Looks the type to put in an each-way double.Wings Of The Rock could figure if seriously backed.


text:
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Home > November 2018 - Volume 6 - Issue 11 > Clinical Effects on Skin Texture and Hydration of the Face U...
Thought you might appreciate this item(s) I saw at Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery – Global Open.
Clinical Effects on Skin Texture and Hydration of the Face Using Microbotox and Microhyaluronicacid
Kim, JongSeo, MD
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery – Global Open: November 2018 - Volume 6 - Issue 11 - p e1935
doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000001935
Background: Improving skin texture in the face is a popular procedure in older women. Procedures using stabilized hyaluronic acid (S-HA) to improve skin texture should be distinguished from volumizing procedures. The intradermal injection of S-HA has many benefits, such as being safe from embolism, having a high ease of injection, and leading to dramatic improvements in skin texture and hydration. HA is the main component of the extracellular matrix and dermal hydration can help counteract the effects of aging. When the dermis is well hydrated using S-HA, it looks healthier, and this effect can last for more than half a year. Various intradermal injection techniques have been reported, such as manual injection, the blanching technique, and using an automatic injector with multiple needles.
Method: The dermis can be treated with microdroplets (0.001 cc) of S-HA at a thousand of injection sites using an injector. This unique injection method was Named "Microhyaluronicacid" by the author, based on an analogy with Microbotox5. The author invented a unique injection solution in which S-HA is mixed with botulinum toxin A; this solution has been used for dermal hydration and skin rejuvenation since 2009. To reduce the risk of creating a dermal lump, polydensified monophasic HA and automatic injector were used. Microhyaluronicacid and Microbotox were combined by the author.
Results: In 50 patients, changes in fine wrinkles were measured using a dermascope, and dermal hydration was measured by transepidermal water loss and stratum corneum hydration levels.
Conclusion: The changes of transepidermal water loss and stratum corneum hydration were statically significant at 4 and 8 weeks.
From the Plastic Surgery Clinic, Seoul, Korea.
Published online 12 November 2018.
Received for publication May 15, 2018; accepted July 18, 2018.
Disclosure: The author has no financial interest to declare in relation to the content of this article. The Article Processing Charge was paid for by the author.
Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Clickable URL citations appear in the text.
JongSeo Kim, MD, Plastic Surgery Clinic, Seoul, Korea, E-mail: plastic@surgery.co.kr
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal.
Injection Method
Skin Roughness and Morphology
Measurement of Biophysical Parameters (SCH, TEWL) for Derma...
Histologic Study of Injected Hyaluronic Acid
Dermatoscopic Observations
TEWL and SCH
Histologic Study of the Injected Hyaluronic Acid in Dermis
Supplemental Digital Content
Improving skin texture in the face is a popular procedure in older women. Procedures using stabilized hyaluronic acid (S-HA) to improve skin texture should be distinguished from volumizing procedures.1 The intradermal injection of S-HA has many benefits, such as being safe from embolism, being easy to inject, and leading to dramatic improvements in skin texture and hydration.2 HA is the main component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and dermal hydration can help counteract the effects of aging. When the dermis is well hydrated using S-HA, it looks healthier, and this effect can last for more than half a year.1,2 Various intradermal injection techniques have been reported, such as manual injection,3 the blanching technique,4 and automatic injector using multiple needles.2 The dermis can be treated with microdroplets (0.001 cc) of S-HA at a thousand of injection sites using an automatic injector. This unique injection method was named "Microhyaluronicacid" by the author, based on an analogy with Microbotox.5 Microhyaluronicacid and Microbotox were combined by the author. The author invented a unique injection solution in which S-HA is mixed with botulinum toxin A; this solution has been used for dermal hydration and skin rejuvenation since 2009.1,2 To reduce the risk of creating a dermal lump, polydensified monophasic HA and automatic injector were used. In 50 patients, changes in fine wrinkles were measured using a dermascope, and dermal hydration was measured by transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and stratum corneum hydration (SCH) levels.
The study was a single-center, prospective, in vivo study with dermal injections using a unique mixture of S-HA and botulinum toxin A. From January 2014 to December 2016, 50 women (age range, 31–65 years; average age, 49.8 years) with fine wrinkles and subjective signs of dryness on the face (especially forehead, around the eyelid, and the upper lip) participated in the study. All subjects had been treated with only botulinum toxin in the past (more than 6 months ago) at the author's clinic and were familiar with the injection processes associated with Microbotox.5 The intradermal injection method of S-HA using an injector (Microhyaluronicacid) was already approved by the Korean Intellectual Property Office as a patented technology.6 Informed consent was obtained from each patient about Microhyaluronicacid and Microbotox, and the study adhered to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. All patients received intradermal injections and were observed to assess (1) changes in the appearance of the facial skin; (2) changes in dermatoscopic findings; and (3) SCH and TEWL values. Subjects were to adhere to their usual skin care routine for 8 weeks before and 6 months after the injections. The subjects who had procedures such as HIFU (Unthera) or RF (Thermage) within 1 year before and after the injection were excluded.
Before the treatment, patients were first prepared with a layer of 9% lidocaine topical anesthetic cream and covered with plastic wrap as occlusive draping to facilitate the infiltration of anesthetic materials into the dermis. After 30 minutes, this was thoroughly washed off.
For reconstitution of the injection material, 1 cc of polydensified monophasic HA (Belotero Balance; Anteis, Geneva, Switzerland, and distributed by Merz Pharmaceuticals) was mixed with 1 cc (40 U) of incobotulinum toxin A (Xeomin, Merz Pharmaceuticals, Germany) and 1 cc of normal saline. This mixture of Belotero and Xeomin was named the "XeoBel hydrotoxin" solution and can be used in a single session for Microbotox and Microhyaluronicacid procedures. During the reconstitution, it is very important to ensure that no air bubbles are present in a 3-cc syringe without forming air bubbles passing 30 times through connector and two 3-cc syringes, because air bubbles collapse with the pressure of the injection and can disturb or delay the injection. In this procedure, 3 cc of the XeoBel mixture was injected in 990 sites on the face. Therefore, the amount of toxin was approximately 0.04 U, and the amount of S-HA was 0.001 cc per injection site. An automatic injector (XeoBel-injector; Contac-Korea, Seoul, Korea) was used to inject the solution into the dermis. The injector ensured the depth was intradermis with 0.001 c of amount for all patients. The depth of the injector was set at 1 mm, and the actual injection depth was approximately 0.8 mm due to bevel on the needle tip.5 This device has nine 32-gauge needles, which were distributed in a way that provided a regular distance (3.5 mm) between the injections of Microbotox and Microhyaluronicacid throughout the face (see video, Supplementary Digital Content 1, which displays the injection method that does not create lumps after injecting S-HA to the dermis: which includes (1) monophasic HA; (2) lessened injection amount per site; and (3) dilution. This video is available in the "Related Videos" section of the Full-Text article at PRSGlobalOpen.com or at http://links.lww.com/PRSGO/A861).
Video Graphic 1.
If the solution is too easily injected and a leaking sound can be heard, the needle has most likely been inserted too superficially. If a leaking sound occurred, the injection depth was increased by 0.2 mm.5 Whereas more bleeding means that the injection depth is too deep under the dermis. If substantial bleeding was noted, the injection was considered to have penetrated the subdermal plexus. With good injection technique and optimal injection depth into the dermis, there is less bleeding and ecchymosis and the possibility of injecting too much in a single location diminished. Very small raised lumps or blanched blebs in the skin should be seen after an intradermal injection (Fig. 1), and these are normal due to the depth of the injection. These lumps disappeared the following day. To reduce dermal lumps, polydensified HA was used because it has a high spreading property and it can integrate with the skin.7
At the end of the procedure, ice cooling and compression were applied on the face to relieve pain and to facilitate in the spread of dermal lumps. Thin skin, such as the lower eyelid, lumps can easily develop, and these lumps should immediately be spread out by compression with a cotton ball or massage (see video, Supplementary Digital Content 1).
Skin roughness and morphology were evaluated using 5 levels (1: very smooth, 2: smooth, 3: moderate, 4: rough, and 5: very rough) at 2, 4, and 8 weeks using a noncontact method with a dermatoscope (×10, ×50 resolution, Coscam, Sometech, Korea) on the forehead (2 cm above the right eyebrow on the vertical pupil line) and crow's feet area (2 cm lateral to and 2 cm below the right lateral canthus).
Measurement of Biophysical Parameters (SCH, TEWL) for Dermal Hydration
Before the biophysical measurements were obtained, patients did not use moisturizers at the measurement day and washed their face with the same cleanser in clinic 30 minutes before the measurements. The patients remained in a comfortable emotional state for 30 minutes at room temperature before taking the measurements to avoid confounding factors. Hydration of the dermis was measured using a noninvasive instrument (gpskin-barrier; gpower, Seoul, Korea). Gpskin simultaneously scans the TEWL and SCH levels of the skin. TEWL and SCH were measured on the forehead and crow's feet area (same areas of dermascope) at 2, 4, and 8 weeks.
Three subjects (38-, 41-, and 45-year-old women) also agreed to allow individual studies with different materials on each side of the face and biopsy samples from the face to be taken on the 28th day after implantation during planned face lifting on the temple area. Polydensified HA was injected on the left side of the face, and biphasic HA (Restylane Vital; Galderma, Uppsala, Sweden) on the right side of the face. The purposes of the biopsy study were (1) to confirm the depth of the deep dermis and to investigate whether an injection technique using an automatic injector for intradermal injection would be successful in terms of providing an even distribution in the deep dermis of the face and (2) to compare the histologic distribution and various features of the collagen fibers displaced by the HA gels after the intradermal injection of polydensified HA and biphasic HA.
Many small lumps were observed in close-up photographs and on dermatoscope at the 990 injection sites immediately after using 3 cc of the XeoBel mixture (Fig. 1), although these lumps disappeared after 1 or 2 days. Microbotox did not disturb facial expressions, and Microhyaluronicacid spread well and did not result in visible lumps. Microbotox and Microhyaluronicacid created vast improvements in fine wrinkles such as the crow's feet and forehead areas (Figs. 2–5) (see figure, Supplementary Digital Content 2, which displays the microscopic view; the effect of "Hydrotoxin method" is extraordinary: healthy and smooth skin, improved fine wrinkles, http://links.lww.com/PRSGO/A862).
Clinically apparent improvements after 1 session lasted for 6 months in most cases according to measurements of SCH. Subjective improvements in dryness after face-washing were also reported by patients 1 or 2 weeks after the injections, while SCH increased immediately. It may take some time for the material to diffuse into the ECM from the injection site, causing improved feelings of dermal hydration.8
Ecchymosis was found after the injections; generally, it lasted for approximately 3 days, although it lasted for 7 days or more in 7 patients (14%) who had thin skin. Thirteen patients (26%) who had relatively thick skin did not suffer from ecchymosis. Ecchymosis could have been due to injections into the subdermis, and this can easily occur when patients have thin skin. The likelihood of subdermal injections was therefore greater in patients with thin skin. However, the improvement of fine wrinkles was greater in patients with thin skin than those with thicker skin. The combination of Microbotox and Microhyaluronicacid was safe from infection, allergy, itching, and inflammation on physical examinations and histologic study.
On microscopic views, skin roughness improved from 3.9 to 1.8 on the forehead and lateral canthus. Fine wrinkles and roughness dramatically improved in the face after the procedure, especially in the crow's feet and forehead areas (Figs. 3–5). All patients experienced improvement of skin roughness after 2, 4, and 8 weeks.
TEWL sensor measures how much water the skin loses. A strong skin barrier keeps moisture in the skin, and a weak barrier does not hold moisture well. The SCH sensor measures how much moisture the skin is holding. TEWL and SCH on the forehead and crow's feet improved (Fig. 6). TEWL and SCH after treatment showed that the barrier function of the skin became stronger, meaning that skin was retaining more moisture. According to the patients, dryness after face-washing improved, and patients felt less dryness of the skin. The changes between TEWL and SCH on forehead and crow's feet were of statistical significance (paired t test < 0.05) at 4 and 8 weeks (Table 1).
(1) With a 1-mm depth setting on the automatic injector, the actual injection depth on the face was approximately 0.5–0.9 mm because of the bevel of the needle tip.
(2) On the biopsy study, the polydensified HA was placed with minimal displacement of collagen fibers within the dermis, showing infiltration between collagen fibers. In contrast, the microdroplets of biphasic HA were placed with displacement of collagen fibers within the dermis, showing dermal volumizing effect.
(3) Dermal thickness was measured from the epidermis to skin appendages. Dermal thickness increased more on the right side of the face, which was injected with biphasic HA, than on the left side.
(4) There were no inflammatory cells (macrophage, eosinophil, mast cell, plasma cell, and giant cell) around the S-HA on both sides, with polydensified HA (Belotero Balance) on the left side of the face and biphasic HA (Restylane Vital) on the right side of the face (Fig. 7).
In manual injections of Microbotox, the injections are delivered into the dermis using insulin syringe with a 30-G needle, raising a tiny blanched wheal at each point, with efforts made to create wheals of the same size/diameter on the dermis. Microbotox refers to the injection of multiple microdroplets of diluted botulinum toxin A into the dermis for skin rejuvenation.5 Microbotox can be used to decrease sweat and sebaceous gland activity and to improve skin texture, such as fine wrinkles, or in Nefertiti lifting. For treatment of the lower face and neck fold, microdroplets of botulinum toxin improve skin texture, smoothen horizontal creases, and decrease vertical banding of the neck; these effects may be caused by a specific mechanism in the dermis and through paralysis of the platysma muscle.5 Microbotox is used to treat various parts of the face (forehead, glabella, the crow's feet area, the infraorbital area, and cheeks) and neck.5 The Microbotox technique is easy to learn and administer, with fewer side effects and no unwanted muscle effects.
HA is the main component of the ECM. Intradermal injection of HA has many benefits, such as being safe from embolism, being easy to inject, and leading to more dramatic results on the superficial dermis. A well-hydrated dermis looks healthier, and dermal hydration can help counteract aging of the skin1,2; injection of S-HA can be used to hydrate the dermis at the same time. As we age, the amount of HA associated with collagen and elastin decreases slowly, and the use of realistic replacement ingredients to remediate dermal deficiencies in a safe manner is the goal of HA treatments in most clinics.9
With increasing aspirations to treat the skin surface and to rejuvenate the dermis, advancements in hyaluronic acid technology have led to the introduction of new dermal fillers for injection into the dermis, such as Restylane Vital, Belotero Balance, Neuramis light, and Y-solution 360. For intradermal injections, less reticulated gels with lower concentrations of HA or small-particle HA are often intended to treat fine wrinkles or thin-skin areas such as crow's feet, vertical wrinkles on the upper lip, and the horizontal neck fold. Belotero Balance is produced by 2 cycles of cross-linking with butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDDE), and results in zones of greater and lesser density inside the filler gel.10,11 Unlike other S-HA fillers for which the intradermal plane is suggested, a new form of S-HA with a polydensified monophasic HA gel may be more appropriate for the superficial dermis, because it has a high degree of spreading with lower viscosity, cohesiveness, and elasticity. These properties of S-HA may promote more extensive integration with the dermis, creating more plasticity and reducing the chance of lumps developing in the dermal layer, which is composed of high-density collagen and elastic fibers (Fig. 7). However, these properties have a disadvantage, in that when Belotero Balance is injected into the dermis, it appears to spread inside the dermis and migrate into the subdermis, also without forming nodules or clumps.12 Therefore, the spreading property of Belotero Balance resulting in less longevity than biphasic HA.12 Although biphasic HA has greater longevity after intradermal injections, the likelihood of creating lumps may also be greater.2 There is no currently available filler with a high degree of spreading and longevity.
Various intradermal injections have been reported, one of the most common methods being the blanching techniques.2–4 To inject HA into the superficial dermis, the blanching technique was presented by European physicians13 in 2011. It has been mentioned in recent articles in the clinical literature,10 and has been deployed in many clinics over several years, with no consequential adverse events.4 With this technique, blanching is caused both by vasoconstriction by to the proximity of the transparent gel to the skin's surface; other reasons for blanching techniques success could include tissue distention and blood displacement.4,10 To achieve blanching, the amount injected into a single site is too much and causes a lump, which, combined with the above-mentioned reason reduces the appearance of wrinkles. Blanching means that the injection was into the intradermis, and it is a good indication of depth, but it is a less ideal injection method for dermal hydration than automatic injection with microdroplets because of uneven distribution that makes blanching.
When a physician injects S-HA and botulinum toxin separately, it takes more time and is tiresome. Since 2009, when the author's technique was first developed, the author has treated over 2,000 patients with the hydrotoxin method1,2 and the author has obtained a patent from the Korean Intellectual Property Office6 (see figure, Supplementary Digital Content 3, which displays the newspaper from Money Today. My method that we address in this article is a trend in Korea. In the left-bottom picture, Dr. Fravert (developer of Xeomin) visited our hospital to congratulate on the development of XeoBel method, http://links.lww.com/PRSGO/A863; see figure, Supplementary Digital Content 4, which displays the patent from the Korean Intellectual Property Office. The author has treated over 2,000 patients with the hydrotoxin method, http://links.lww.com/PRSGO/A864).
With an automatic injector and the XeoBel mixture, patients felt less pain and the procedure took less time. It was like "killing two birds with one stone." The XeoBel mixture has been used in more than 300 patients in the author's clinic to improve fine wrinkles and dermal hydration. The author's unique combining method of Microbotox and Microhyaluronicacid at 990 injection sites did not result in visible lumps (lumps disappeared when treated by cold compression and the spreading property of HA); it was safe from vascular problems, infection, irritation, and inflammation.
(1) The combination of Microbotox (0.04 U) and Microhyaluronicacid (0.001 cc) injected in 990 sites did not create visible lumps and disturb facial expression, and the procedure was very safe from vascular problems and inflammation, confirming it to be a safe method. In histologic study, there were no inflammation cell around S-HA.
(2) Fine wrinkles on the crow's feet and forehead areas improved after the procedure.
(3) TEWL and SCH improved after the treatment; the skin became hydrated and healthier with a strong barrier with statical significance at 4 and 8 weeks.
(4) With the automatic injector, the actual injection depth on the face was found to range from 0.5 to 0.9 mm in the dermal layer. By using an injector, the time for the procedure involving 990 injection sites can be reduced.
The author expresses his thanks to his Mother (Shin, Choon-Ja) and his hopes for her to get well, with full recovery from lung cancer.
1. Kim J. Chapter 30: Facial contouring using fillers. Aesthetic Plastic Surgery of the East Asian Face. 2016:New York; Thieme: p402.
2. Kim J. Effects of injection depth and volume of stabilized hyaluronic acid in human dermis on skin texture, hydration, and thickness. Arch Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2014;20:97–103.
3. Williams S, Tamburic S, Stensvik H, et al. Changes in skin physiology and clinical appearance after microdroplet placement of hyaluronic acid in aging hands. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2009;8:216–225.
4. Micheels P. A blanching technique for intradermal injection of the hyaluronic acid Belotero. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2013;132:59S–68S.
5. Woffles TL. Microbotox of the lower face and neck: evolution of a personal technique and its clinical effects. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2015;136:92S. Microbotox.
6. Title of invention: injection technique using S-HA and automatic injector for dermal hydration and rejuvenation. Patent number: 10-1790405, Certificate of patent of Korean intellectual property office.
7. Tran C, Micheels P, Carraux P, et al. In vivo bio-integration of three HA fillers in human skin: a histology study. Dermatology (in press).
8. Amy E, Rose MD, David J, et al. Safety and efficacy of intradermal injection of botulinum toxin for the treatment of oily skin. Dermatol Surg. 2013:39:443–448.
9. Farage MA. Characteristics of the aging skin. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle). 2013;2:5–10.
10. Sundaram H, Flynn T, Cassuto D, et al. New and emerging concepts in soft tissue fillers: roundtable discussion. J Drugs Dermatol. 2012;11:s12–s24; discussion s25.
11. Bezzola A, Micheels P. Esthelis acid hyaluronique de conception suisse. Première étude compléte des caractéristiques physico-chimiques et essais cliniques. J Med Esthet Chir Dermatol. 2005;125:11–20.
12. Flynn TC, Sarazin D, Bezzola A, et al. Comparative histology of intradermal implantation of mono and biphasic hyaluronic acid fillers. Dermatol Surg. 2011;37:637–643.
13. Micheels P, Besse S, Flynn TC, et al. Superficial dermal injection of hyaluronic acid soft tissue fillers: comparative ultrasound study. Dermatol Surg. 2012;38:1162–1169.
PRSGO_2018_07_23_KIM_18-00221_SDC1.mp4; [Video] (42.92 MB)
PRSGO_2018_07_23_KIM_18-00221_SDC2.pdf; [PDF] (18.74 MB)
PRSGO_2018_07_23_KIM_18-00221_SDC3.pdf; [PDF] (3.02 MB)
Copyright © 2018 The Author. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of The American Society of Plastic Surgeons.
Measurement of Biophysical Parameters (SCH, TEWL)...
Histologic Study of the Injected Hyaluronic Acid ...
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery – Global Open6(11):e1935, November 2018.
Articles in PubMed by JongSeo Kim, MD
Articles in Google Scholar by JongSeo Kim, MD
Other articles in this journal by JongSeo Kim, MD
Review of 3-dimensional Facial Anatomy: Injecting Fillers and Neuromodulators
Minimal Pain Local Anesthetic Injection with Blunt Tipped Cannula for Wide Awake Upper Blepharoplasty
Late-Onset Inflammatory Response to Hyaluronic Acid Dermal Fillers
Successfully Managing Impending Skin Necrosis following Hyaluronic Acid Filler Injection, using High-Dose Pulsed Hyaluronidase
Precise Spreader Grafts Fixation: An Innovative and Easy Technique Feasible during Both Open and Closed Rhinoplasty
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The polyphonic SUPEREGO Synth Engine reinvents sample and hold, performs fluid glissandos and creates oscillator like, synthesizer effects. It can stack sounds or create infinite sustain, it even lets you tweak attack and decay, or use its effects loop to invent novel synth patches. Indulge your guilty pleasures!


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Q: environment variables cause make's undefine to fail (Windows) In Windows, I'm getting a failure in make (GnuWin32) when I try to undefine a variable that was defined in my environment:
C:\>make
makefile:2: *** missing separator.  Stop.

My environment has LIB defined, probably from another installed program. (Right Click 'Computer' -> Properties -> Advanced -> Environment Variables...).
The only contents of makefile:
ifdef LIB
undefine LIB
endif

How do I undefine LIB? I'm using -rR options, but it doesn't seem like there's one to avoid bringing in environment variables (i.e. LIB).

A: You should always provide version information for the tools you're using.
In this case I'd say you're using an older version of GNU make; the undefine feature was added in GNU make 3.82 so if your version is older than that, you won't be able to use it.


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AlitaliaNews & Polls
ITA Airways is Italy's newest national carrier. Here's what we know about it and its Volare frequent flyer program.
by Giovanni Last updated November 19, 2021
A few weeks ago, ITA Airways, announced its frequent flyer program Volare and began offering a status match to elite members of other frequent flyer programs. ITA Airways is the Italian government's newest attempt to fund a flag carrier after the "new Alitalia" from a few years ago finally went bankrupt.
It's supposed to be set up for success in a way that Alitalia never was, shedding much of Alitalia's bloated staff but also losing some of its most valuable assets in the process. Here's what we know so far.
What is ITA Airways?
ITA Airways Volare Frequent Flyer Program
The Upshot
ITA Airways is the Italian government's latest iteration of Alitalia after the "old Alitalia" (the "new Alitalia" from just a few years ago) was shut down earlier this year after being in bankruptcy since 2017.
Alitalia has had numerous iterations over the years as the Italian taxpayer footed the bill for bailout after bailout in the volatile Italian Aviation market. Qatar Airways' Italian airline startup, Air Italy, which itself once announced grand ambitions, went bankrupt at the start of the pandemic.
The biggest difference between ITA Airways and the Italian government's previous state-funded airlines is its name. ITA stands for will be ITA stands for Italia Trasporto Aereo. Despite winning the "auction" and securing the Alitalia brand, ITA will fly as ITA with its new livery.
Related: The Complete Guide to Which Airlines Offer Free Stopovers
The airline launched on October 15 with a semi-functional website and operational challenges. It's since been confirmed that the airline will be taking Alitalia's seat in the Sky Team alliance.
A lot is still unclear about what we should expect from ITA. Ben at One Mile At A Time has a summary of what we know and how the airline isn't really positioned for success:
ITA will receive a capital injection of well over a billion Euros over the next few years
In part ITA will buy some of Alitalia's assets, but the airline won't buy Alitalia's frequent flyer program (rather a new one will be created); this isn't because Alitalia is trying to screw customers, but because the European Commission isn't allowing Alitalia to participate in the open tender of Alitalia's frequent flyer program
ITA will grow slowly, and will initially operate a fleet of 52 planes (including just seven long haul planes), then in 2022 the airline will have 78 planes, and by 2025 the airline will have 105 planes
ITA will only get 85% of Alitalia's slot at Milan's Linate Airport (LIN) and 43% of slots at Rome's Fiumicino Airport (FCO)
ITA will initially have under 3,000 employees, and that will grow to 8,600 employees by 2022 (up until recently Alitalia had around 10,000 employees)
There had been talk of ITA potentially buying new planes, but it's anyone's guess how that plays out, and it doesn't seem to be in the cards immediately
I'm not sure the Italian government or taxpayers are really winning here. Yes, Alitalia was a mess, but having to give up so many valuable slots at Italy's biggest airports to competitors will make it even harder for the new airline to succeed.
ITA chair Alfredo Altavilla in front of the new ITA Airways livery — ITA will be flying under a new brand despite being Alitalia's successor
As part of launching a new airline, ITA Airways introduced the Volare frequent flyer program. They needed to create a new program because, despite buying Alitalia's brand and website, EU rules are blocking them from directly acquiring the Millemiglia frequent flyer program.
That said, the program is currently offering a (very easy) status match for elite members of Millemiglia and other programs through the end of November.
We really don't know much about Volare beyond the very basic details on the website. It says that the program will have four stuatus tiers or "four exclusive clubs" as they describe it: Smart, Plus, Premium, and Executive. They don't launch until December 31, 2021.
We don't have much details beyond that. A benefits chart for each of the tiers hasn't been published. We don't know the mileage accrual policy or how membership in each tier will be achieved.
What we do know is that with ITA Airways joining the Sky Team alliance so presumably the status tiers will be matched with SkyTeam Elite or SkyTeam Elite Plus status.
SkyTeam Elite members get preferred seating, priority check-in, priority boarding, and extra baggage. SkyTeam Elite Plus members get all of that plus access to SKy Team lounges worldwide and priority baggage handling.
Related: Travel is back. What should be on your post-Covid travel shopping list?
There's more questions than answers right now about ITA Airways and its frequent flyer program, Volare. ITA Airways seems to just be the newest iteration of Alitalia, just smaller with fewer assets. Volare still hasn't released much information about mileage earning, redemptions, or status requirements. That said, their status match promotion is probably worth taking advantage of if you're eligible, it's easy and probably worthwhile just for the Sky Team benefits.
I successfully status matched to ITA Airways' Volare frequent flyer program — is it useful?
Flash Sale: Business Class to Milan for only $1,500 Roundtrip on Boutique Carrier
I successfully status matched to ITA Airways' Volare...
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Tom November 20, 2021 - 11:20 am
AA Exec Plat matched to Premium. Disappointing.
ella December 13, 2021 - 12:44 am
wow i like italy 🙁
British Airways and Lufthansa Group Ready to Bid for Italy's ITA Airways January 10, 2022 - 5:33 pm
[…] there a bidding war for ITA Airways (Italia Trasporto Aereo), the Italian government's latest iteration of Alitalia […]
British Airways and Lufthansa Group Ready to Bid for Italy's ITA Airways – BD Blogger January 10, 2022 - 6:05 pm
British Airways and Lufthansa Group Ready to Bid for Italy's ITA Airways – Expert Blogger January 10, 2022 - 6:46 pm
British Airways and Lufthansa Group Ready to Bid for Italy's ITA Airways – mdsohel January 10, 2022 - 6:49 pm


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2019 Holden Calais Tourer review
Trent Nikolic
Price & Specs
$24,240 – $28,820 Dealer
ANCAP Rating
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Visit our Holden Showroom
The Holden Commodore might not be built in Australia anymore, but the AWD variant still makes sense as a family tourer – even if it isn't an SUV in the classical sense.
Interior is spacious and comfortable with plenty of room for the family
Ride is beautifully supple and poor surfaces don't bother the chassis
Well specified for the sharp starting price
Big V6 engine can be thirsty around town
Rear-view camera not as clear as the best in the segment
Not quite enough ground clearance to do some of the more demanding SUV work
Since its release, we've thought the wagon is the pick of the new Commodore range, and here we take a closer look at the 2019 Holden Commodore Calais Tourer to find out whether it responds well to the SUV 'treatment'.
Yes, it's built in Germany. No, it's not like the Aussie-built Commodore. Yes, things have changed. No, it isn't V8 and RWD. We know all that. And have dealt with those points ad nauseam. As we've stated at CarAdvice before, though, the new Commodore is a very good car, and the fact that the large-sedan segment has softened as much as it has shouldn't weigh against it.
One thing is certain, the segment has fewer options than it has ever had, so you should absolutely add the Commodore to your consideration set. We'd love to see more wagons on the road, too. A potent blend of cabin space and comfort, coupled with car-like driving characteristics, makes them a sensible and practical family choice.
When you're eating up miles on a country back road, with some long sweepers and 110km/h speed limits, this wagon starts to make a lot of sense. It might not be built in Australia anymore, but it certainly copes well with Australian conditions.
On test here we have the Tourer (Holden-speak for wagon) in Calais specification, which is the midpoint of the three-variant AWD range. Pricing is sharp, starting from $45,990 for this model before on-road costs, with the range-topping Calais V starting from $53,990 before on-road costs. There is also the RS-V AWD starting from $49,190 before on-road costs.
In some ways, Holden has revisited a past idea here – remember the VY/VZ-based Adventra? No? Didn't think so. It wasn't the greatest sales success in Australia, despite numerous forum members from around the country claiming for years they would love Holden to build an AWD, V8-powered SUV. Didn't really resonate widely when it did build such a vehicle locally. Funny that.
We go completely rabid for SUVs in Australia, as we've explored at some length over the last few years. As such, you might expect this SUV-focused, plastic-clad wagon to be quite popular. Certainly, on paper, it has the goods to compete, and the styling is sharp, too, competing well in the look department.
That aforementioned plastic cladding is worth noting, too, because if you look at the Tourer from 10m away, it's the only thing that really gives the SUV game away. It's hard to pick the 20mm increase in ride height, and you can't see the new nine-speed automatic, or Twinster AWD system, either. That's not a bad thing, though, because buyers might want something that doesn't look like an out-and-out SUV.
As is Holden's want, in an attempt to both attract and then impress buyers, the Tourer is quite well equipped in standard trim, and it's not really left wanting in any sense, especially given the starting price below $45K. Highlights include: a full suite of safetyfeatures including AEB, lane-keep assist, forward-collision alert, rear cross-traffic alert, blind-zone alert, a rear-view camera, parking assistance, front and rear sensors, and cruise control.
You also get leather seats, heated for the front, wireless charging, 8.0-inch touchscreen, Apple CarPlay and Android Auto connectivity, proprietary satellite navigation, DAB+ radio, and an electric tailgate.
Its 18-inch alloy wheels are wrapped in quality Continental ContiSportContact boots, which are impressive on both wet and dry bitumen, but also loose gravel and dirt. Strangely, and in a move that is becoming more common, there's only a space-saver spare tyre under the boot floor. Not great for remote-country touring, which is something we get asked a lot on the various radio shows we do.
We also get asked whether the Tourer is a decent towing option, and it can be – so long as you're towing less than 2100kg. That will cover most sane camper trailers, but it won't work for larger vans and car trailers et cetera. The CarAdvice car trailer, for example, weighs around 700kg and can carry 2000kg.
The first thing that hits you in the cabin is the sense of space – the Tourer really is big. You do notice that size externally, too, when you're reverse parking or manoeuvring into a tight shopping centre carpark, but it otherwise tends to shrink around you. Not so the cabin, which always feels big, light, airy and comfortable.
The infotainment system is excellent and it continues to impress, as it has since launch. It never did any of the strange things some smartphone connections can do, rather it always provided a rock-solid connection. Apple CarPlay works well, and I briefly tested Android Auto as well with nothing negative to report there either.
The key smartphone interfaces – message by voice, music streaming, and mapping – all work beautifully. I tend to use Waze a lot more than Apple maps now, too, even when I'm driving around without specific navigation, and that system was nicely integrated into CarPlay as well.
The infotainment screen itself is clear in almost all light – even harsh sun – and the proprietary navigation also works nicely, in the event that you don't want to use data or simply prefer the onboard system.
Switch over to Bluetooth rather than hard-wired and that phone connection is solid as well, with good audio clarity and no scratchiness reported from the other end of the call. Music playback is above average, too, with what we'd call a decent audio system.
I appreciate the inclusion of a digital speedo more and more now, with our ever-changing speed limits in urban areas. It works well when you need to have a quick glance down at the gauges just to check your speed. The rear-view camera is handy, and almost non-negotiable these days, but the Tourer's could have been a little clearer. It works, but it isn't as sharp as the best we've tested.
In general, storage is excellent, with big cup holders and a 12-volt socket up front, an extra bottle holder near the console at your elbow point, and a decent-size console bin. That bin features a USB socket and phone holder also. The climate-control AC functionality is neatly integrated into the centre section of the dash.
The two front seats are definitely comfortable in isolation, with plenty of adjustment, but there was one negative here for me. I did feel like I was sitting too high in the cabin, and would have liked to be able to drop the seat further down into the floor. Other CarAdvice testers reported this back to me as well, and I wonder whether it is partly to do with the SUV aspirations of the Tourer?
As always when we test cars in winter, the heated seats were a welcome inclusion, and seat base height aside, visibility was good, while the seat trim itself feels durable and comfortable. One thing the Commodore nails is seat comfort. There would have been a worry that a German-built car couldn't match the comfort of our old Aussie-built Commodores, but it has.
Despite sitting up high in the front row, there was still a surfeit of head room, while the second row is vast, with air vents and two USB sockets, a broad glasshouse and plenty of visibility for passengers.
The automatic tailgate worked adequately on test, but did have a few glitches, sometimes being a little recalcitrant to open. It's snappy enough once it does open that you won't get drowned in the rain. The remote electric seat release is a good addition to the luggage space, and there's a 12-volt socket, a broad flat floor, lighting, and a durable luggage cover. You get 560L to the seat tops, 793L to the roof, and a whopping 1665L with the second row folded down.
The engine is undoubtedly punchy, as it should be displacing 3.6 litres and featuring six cylinders. I'd be comfortable saying it's the best V6 engine a Commodore has ever had. Certainly in terms of insulation and refinement. It's got a peaky note to it as well – sportier than you expect, right from start-up. The accelerator pedal is touchy, though, and can feel a bit jerky in stop/start applications when you're stuck in traffic. That's another characteristic all our testers noticed.
In contrast, the nine-speed automatic is beautifully smooth, with the stop/start system responding reasonably sharply. I still don't love that feature in any car, but you can certainly live with it in the Commodore, unlike some systems. The gearbox makes the most of the car's power and torque delivery to keep things cooking along rapidly if you want to. There's 235kW and 381Nm on offer, and you can run the V6 up to redline as often as you like with no protest from the gearbox.
The forward-collision alert system can be a bit intrusive around town, and assuming I was about to run into things when I wasn't, but erring on the side of safety is hardly a bad thing either I guess.
As you'd expect, and perhaps demanded in this segment, the ride is lovely, in that the Tourer irons out bumps and ruts with ease, and the cabin is never upset by what's going on under the tyres. The Tourer is too low to be anything like a conventional SUV, in the classic sense of the term. I scraped some under-nose plastic a couple of times on parking stoppers or nosing into gutters when I had to park nose forward – areas you'd never even have to consider with a 'normal' SUV.
The engine's power and effortlessness do come at a bit of a cost, though – fuel consumption. Against the ADR claim of 9.1L/100km we saw 12.6L/100km on test over the week, with the figure going higher than that in periods of stop-start traffic. Prolonged highway runs will almost certainly drop that number below the claim, so keep that in mind. It does beg the question: why no torquey diesel engine, especially for what is supposed to be an SUV?
However, the Commodore does drive more engagingly than most SUVs for precisely the reason that it isn't a wallowy, jacked-up truck, which makes it a perfect long-haul cruiser. In fact, at this pricepoint you won't find an SUV that drives anywhere near as competently as the Holden Tourer. The balance between suspension response (tuned extensively in Australia for our roads by the same engineers who worked on locally built cars) and the inherent chassis competence is nailed beautifully in the Tourer. The steering took me by surprise, too – sharper and more direct than I expected initially.
I'm not sure AWD presents the advantage it once did – in perception, I mean – thanks to the maturing of the various electric systems that keep everything under control. Certainly, the Tourer is well tied down, doesn't feel like it wants to understeer at every corner, and has a near-perfect feeling of balance front to rear. We spent some time testing in heavy rain on slick surfaces and it was always assured on the road. The Twinster system constantly reads the road to apportion drive front to rear as it sees fit.
The 2019 Holden Calais Tourer gets a full five-star ANCAP rating and has six airbags. It's covered by a five-year/unlimited-kilometre warranty, with services due every 12 months or 12,000km. There is a capped-price servicing scheme costing as little as $259 for a service, and no more than $359 up to 84,000km, for a total of $2153 over the period.
As ever, the wagon positions itself as a practical solution for the family buyer in Australia, and the Tourer is right up at the head of the class in that respect. Australians don't love large cars as such, opting for SUVs over vehicles like the Commodore and Falcon over the most recent decade.
However, blurring the line between conventional station wagon and SUV is a smart move in that sense, and as such, you should definitely take a look at the new Commodore if you're shopping in the large or medium SUV segment.
MORE: Commodore news, reviews, comparisons and videos
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MCTP1 binds calcium via the C2 domains in the absence of phospholipids. There are 5 named isoforms.
ab164107 on a 12.5% SDS-PAGE stained with Coomassie Blue.
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In a merging of US royalty, former First Lady Michelle Obama was spotted tearing up the DF as she paid respects to Queen Beyoncé during B and Jay-Z's joint concert in Paris, France, on Sunday for their On the Run II tour.
Michelle was joined by daughter Sasha as well as the Queen Mother, Tina Knowles Lawson, as fans went wild over the show's special guests and snapped a bunch of pics and vids of the whole iconic shebang.
It's not the first time Mich has hit up Bey's show -- she took Malia and Sasha to see her in Chicago way back in 2014, and at the Global Citizen Festival in 2015, she went onstage to hug the singer.
Yoncé even performed at hubby Barack's inauguration in 2013 -- so basically, the pair are super tight, with Michelle even once revealing if she could be anyone in the world, it would be Queen B -- and sis, same.
Jay and Bey's epic On the Run II tour kicked off in June in Cardiff, Wales. They're currently wrapping up a 15-city European tour before heading back to the US for another 21 cities.
The pair will also reportedly be heading Down Under later on this year, with Beyoncé's last Aussie tour here being her Mrs. Carter World Tour back in 2013.