text:
Decebalus
"Decebal" redirects here. For the village in Soroca district, Moldova, see Tătărăuca Veche. For the village in Satu Mare County, Romania, see Vetiş.
Decebalus (r. 87–106 AD) was the last king of Dacia. He is famous for fighting three wars, with varying success, against the Roman Empire under two emperors. After raiding south across the Danube, he defeated a Roman invasion in the reign of Domitian, securing a period of independence during which Decebalus consolidated his rule.
King of Dacia
Decebalus, as depicted in Cartea omului matur (1919)
87–106 AD
Scorilo (purported)
When Trajan came to power, his armies invaded Dacia to weaken its threat to the Roman border territories of Moesia. Decebalus was defeated in 102 AD. He remained in power as a client king, but continued to assert his independence, leading to a final and overwhelming Roman invasion north of the Danube in 105 AD. Trajan reduced the Dacian capital Sarmizegetusa in 106 AD to ruins, absorbing some of Dacia into the Empire. Decebalus committed suicide to avoid capture.
After the death of Great King Burebista, Dacia split into four, then five smaller kingdoms. Nothing is known about Decebalus' youth or background. Decebalus appears to have risen to prominence in the court of the Dacian king Duras, who claimed authority over all Dacian territory. An ancient Dacian pot bearing the words "Decebalus per Scorilo" led to the suggestion that this might mean "Decebalus son of Scorilo".
According to Lucian Boia this suggestion was originally a "scholarly joke", but the theory has been considered plausible by several writers.[1] It has been suggested that "Scorilo" may be identical to the "Coryllus" or "Scorillus" identified by Jordanes as a Dacian king prior to Duras.[2] Duras may have been Decebalus' uncle, having taken over the throne by agnatic right on his brother's death.[3]
In 85 AD the Dacian army began minor raids upon the heavily fortified Roman province of Moesia, located south of the Danube. In 86 King Duras ordered a more vigorous attack south into Moesia. Roman sources refer to the attack being led by "Diurpaneus" (or "Dorpaneus"). Many authors have taken this person to be Duras himself, and refer to him as "Duras-Diurpaneus".[4][5][6] Other scholars argue that Duras and Diurpaneus are different individuals, or that Diurpaneus is identical to Decebalus.[7] Recent sources take the view that "Diurpaneus" is most likely Decebalus.[7]
The Dacians defeated and killed Oppius Sabinus, the governor of Moesia, forcing Domitian to deploy more troops to the area. Marcus Cornelius Nigrinus replaced Sabinus. Domitian took command to deal with the problem himself, arriving with his general, prefect of the Praetorian Guards, Cornelius Fuscus.[8]
War against Emperor DomitianEdit
Main article: Domitian's Dacian War
Domitian pushed back the Dacians from Moesia, then returned to Rome to celebrate a Triumph, leaving Fuscus in charge of the army. Fuscus advanced into Dacia, but his four or five legions suffered a major defeat when ambushed by the forces of Decebalus (the sources say "Diurpaneus" was in command, which might mean Decebalus or Duras). Two Roman legions (among which was the V Alaudae) were ambushed and defeated at a mountain pass the Romans called Tapae (widely known as the Iron Gates along what is the modern Romania-Serbia border). Fuscus was killed, and Decebalus was crowned king after the ageing Duras abdicated.
Dio Cassius described Decebalus as follows:
" This man was shrewd in his understanding of warfare and shrewd also in the waging of war; he judged well when to attack and chose the right moment to retreat; he was an expert in ambuscades and a master in pitched battles; and he knew not only how to follow up a victory well, but also how to manage well a defeat. Hence he showed himself a worthy antagonist of the Romans for a long time.[9] "
Fuscus was replaced by Tettius Julianus. In 88 Julianus commanded another Roman army under Domitian against the Dacians, defeating them in a battle near Tapae. However, elsewhere in Europe, Domitian was having to deal with revolts along the Rhine, and suffered heavy defeats at the hands of the Marcomanni, and Sarmatian tribes in the east, notably the Iazyges. Needing the troops in Moesia, Domitian agreed to peace terms with Decebalus. He agreed to pay large sums (eight million sesterces) in annual tribute to the Dacians for maintaining peace.[10] Decebalus sent his brother Diegis to Rome to accept a diadem from the Emperor, officially recognising Decebalus's royal status.[10]
Consolidation of powerEdit
Decebalus' victory greatly increased his prestige. He proceeded to centralize power and build up his fortifications and war machines, using engineers supplied by Domitian.[11] Decebalus's court also became a haven for malcontents and deserters from the Roman empire becoming "the nucleus for anti-Roman sentiment" in the words of historian Julian Bennett.[12] He also sought to build alliances with independent tribes, notably the Getic Bastarnae and the Sarmatian Roxolani. He failed to secure the support of the Quadi, Marcomanni and Jazyges, but ensured that they would not interfere with his plans.
Conflicts with TrajanEdit
First Dacian warEdit
When Trajan came to power in 98, he immediately toured the Danube area and ordered the strengthening of fortifications along the Dacian frontier. Three years later, Trajan decided to launch an offensive against Dacia. According to Cassius Dio this was because "he had taken stock of [their] previous record, resented the annual sums of money they were getting, and saw that their powers and their pride were on the increase."[13] Trajan's force crossed the Danube in 101 and advanced into Dacia, pushing back Dacian forces. According to Dio, Decebalus sent envoys asking for negotiations, but Trajan refused a personal meeting.
At the Second Battle of Tapae, Decebalus was defeated, but he inflicted serious losses on the Romans.[14] Trajan chose not to pursue the war until the spring. Decebalus tried to wrongfoot Trajan by launching a surprise attack on Moesia, but he suffered a major defeat at the Battle of Adamclisi. Despite stiff resistance, the Romans closed on the Dacian capital by early 102. Decebalus was forced to concede defeat and accept Trajan's terms, which included the loss of some territories in the vicinity of the Danube and the dismantling of his fortresses. However, Decebalus retained his throne.
Second Dacian warEdit
Main article: Battle of Sarmisegetusa
Decebalus had no intention of remaining subject to Rome, or giving up his lost territory. As soon as he was able to, he took revenge on those who had supported Rome. He annexed territory from the Jazyges and violated the peace treaty by re-arming and receiving refugees and deserters from Roman territory.[15] He also restored his fortifications. This time, Decebalus did not wait for Trajan to strike. In 105 he authorised a direct attack on the newly occupied Roman territory, probably the fortress at Banat. The attack seems to have taken Trajan and the Senate by surprise. Trajan immediately travelled north to review fortifications.
Meanwhile, Decebalus continued to disrupt Roman positions with guerrilla attacks.[15] He also developed a plan to assassinate Trajan by using Roman auxiliaries who had defected to the Dacians to infiltrate the emperor's camp. The plot failed. However he succeeded in capturing one of Trajan's senior officers, Pompeius Longinus, whom he tried to use as a hostage to bargain with Trajan. Longinus took poison to avoid being used.[15]
Trajan, meanwhile, was building a large force for a full-scale invasion. Decebalus tried to negotiate a peace settlement, but Trajan demanded that Decebalus surrender himself, which he refused to do.[15] Decebalus' allies among the surrounding tribes seem to have deserted him at this point. Trajan launched a direct attack on the Dacian capital, Sarmizegetusa. After a long siege of Sarmizegetusa and a few skirmishes in the nearby region, the Romans conquered the Dacian capital. Decebalus managed to escape with his family. He and his remaining supporters continued a guerrilla campaign in the Carpathian mountains.[15]
Decebalus' suicide, from Trajan's Column
Decebalus was hunted down and finally cornered by Roman detachments seeking his head. Rather than being captured only to be exhibited and humiliated at Rome, Decebalus committed suicide by slashing his own throat, as depicted on Trajan's Column (spiral 22, panel b).
It is likely that he killed himself as a Roman cavalry scout named Tiberius Claudius Maximus from Legio VII Claudia was approaching. He was probably still alive when Maximus reached him, as is claimed on Maximus' funerary stele discovered at Gramini in Greece. Maximus is presumably the figure seen on Trajan's column reaching out to Decebalus from his horse.
Decebalus' head and right hand were then taken to Trajan in "Ranisstorum" (an unidentified Dacian village, perhaps Piatra Craivii) by Maximus, who was decorated by the emperor. The trophy was sent to Rome where it was thrown on the Gemonian stairs.[16] Tiberius Claudius Maximus' tomb cites two occasions where the legionary was decorated for his part in the Dacian wars, one of which being the acquisition of Decebalus' head.[17]
Romanian national heroEdit
Decebalus is considered a national hero in Romania and has been portrayed in numerous literary works, movies, public sculptures, and other memorials.
Decebalus began to be seen in these terms during the 19th century, when he came to be associated with Romantic ideals of national freedom and resistance to imperialism. Romanian politician Mihail Kogălniceanu gave a speech in 1843 in which he called Decebalus "the greatest barbarian king of all time, more worthy to be on the throne of Rome than the rascally descendants of Augustus!"[18]
Alecu Russo compared him to the medieval hero Stephen the Great, saying "The one and the other both had the same aim, the same sublime idea: the independence of their country! Both are heroes, but Stephen is a more local hero, a Moldavian hero, while Decebalus is the hero of the world."[18] Mihai Eminescu, the Romanian national poet, wrote the historical drama Decebalus. George Coșbuc's 1896 poem Decebal către popor (Decebalus to his People) lauds the Dacian leader's scorn of death.
Decebalus is often paired with his enemy Trajan, with the former representing national identity and the latter the grandeur and classical values brought by Rome.[19] Decebalus and Trajan were depicted as a pair on many Romanian banknotes.[20][21]
Decebalus and Trajan were regularly invoked at the coronation of new rulers. Both featured significantly in the imagery of Ferdinand I of Romania and his wife Marie of Romania. The Romanian poet Aron Cotruş wrote a long poem "Maria Doamna" ("Lady Marie") after Marie's death, invoking both Decebalus and Trajan as admirers of Marie.[22]
He remained a hero in the Communist era, especially in the Stalinist "national Communism" of Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej. According to Lavinia Stan and Lucian Turcescu, "In a process paralleling the way modern Serbs perceive their defeat by the Ottoman Turks in the Battle of Kosovo of 1389, Decebal's defeat at the hands of Trajan in 101–107 CE and the resulting population mix were reclaimed as the cornerstones of Romanian ethnic identity."[19] The nationalist model progressed further under Nicolae Ceaușescu, under whom Decebalus was listed as one of the ten great leaders of Romania.[23]
He was depicted as a great national leader in two major epic films in this period, The Dacians (1967, directed by Sergiu Nicolaescu), and The Column (1968, directed by Mircea Drăgan). In both films he was portrayed by Amza Pellea. Several public statues of Decebalus were also set up in the Ceaușescu era, including an equestrian statue in Deva created in 1978 by the sculptor Ion Jalea, and a column topped by a bust in Drobeta-Turnu Severin, created in 1972.
He was central to the nationalist protochronism movement, which identifies Romania as the cradle of east-European civilisation. During the 1990s, a team of sculptors carved a 40-metre-tall rock sculpture of Decebalus from a stone outcrop overlooking the Danube near the city of Orşova, Romania. It was devised and funded by Iosif Constantin Drăgan, a supporter of the protochronism movement. He is quoted saying, "Anyone travelling towards 'Decebal Rex Dragan Fecit' [King Decebalus made by Dragan] is also travelling towards the origins of east-European civilization and will discover that a United Europe represents the natural course of history".[24]
Image galleryEdit
Decebalus' statue in Timișoara
Decebalus' statue in Deva, Romania
The rock sculpture of Decebalus at the Iron Gates
1915 Romanian banknote pairing Trajan and Decebalus
Decebalus Treasure
Regalianus was, according to Tyranni Triginta, a descendant of Decebalus.
Trajan's Dacian Wars
List of Dacian kings
^ Lucian Boia, History and Myth in Romanian Consciousness, Central European University Press, Budapest, 2001, p.221
^ Ion Grumeza, Dacia: Land of Transylvania, Cornerstone of Ancient Eastern Europe, University Press of America, 2009, p.72.
^ Mihai Bǎrbulescu et al, The History of Transylvania: (Until 1541), Romanian Cultural Institute, 2005, p.88.
^ Hildegard Temporini, Wolfgang Haas, Politische Geschichte: (Provinzen und Randvölker: Griechischer Balkanraum; Kleinasien), Walter de Gruyter, 1979, p.167.
^ Constantin Olteanu, The Romanian armed power concept: a historical approach, Military Pub. House, 1982, p.39.
^ Romania: Pages of History, Volume 4, AGERPRES Publishing House., 1979, p.75.
^ a b Ioana A. Oltean, Dacia: Landscape, Colonization and Romanization, Routledge, 2007, p.49-50.
^ Brian W. Jones, The Emperor Domitian, Routledge, 1992, p.138.
^ "Cassius Dio — Epitome of Book 67". Penelope.uchicago.edu. Retrieved 2014-08-15.
^ a b Brian W. Jones, The Emperor Domitian, (London: Routledge, 1992), p. 150
^ Michael Schmitz, The Dacian Threat, 101-106 AD. Armidale, Australia: Caeros Pty, 2005, ISBN 0975844504 , p.9
^ Julian Bennett, Trajan: Optimus Princeps: A Life and Times: Routledge, London, 1997, p.86.
^ a b c d e Julian Bennett, Trajan: Optimus Princeps: A Life and Times: Routledge, London, 1997, p.98-100.
^ M Spiedel - JRS 60 page 142-153
^ "Julian Bennett -Traian
^ a b Lucian Boia Myth in Romanian Consciousness, Central European University Press, Budapest, 2001, p.89
^ a b Lavinia Stan, Lucian Turcescu, Religion and Politics in Post-Communist Romania, Oxford University Press, 2007, p.46
^ "Decebalus (Dacian King) and Emperor Trajan - Banknotes". Spinnet.eu. 2010-05-16. Retrieved 2014-08-15.
^ Bartetzky, Arnold, et al, Neue Staaten - neue Bilder?: visuelle Kultur im Dienst staatlicher Selbstdarstellung in Zentral- und Osteuropa seit 1918, Böhlau Verlag, Cologne, Weimar, 2005, p.343
^ Lucian Boia Myth in Romanian Consciousness, Central European University Press, Budapest, 2001, p.209.
^ "Decebalus Rex Dragan Fecit". Decebalusrex.ro. Archived from the original on 2014-08-08. Retrieved 2014-08-15.
"Assorted Imperial Battle Descriptions", De Imperatoribus Romanis.
Latham, Robert Gordon (1854). "On the Name and Nation of the Dacian King Decebalus, with Notices of the Agathyrsi and Alani". Transactions of the Philological Society (6).
Speidel, M. (1984), Roman Army Studies, pp. 173–187.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Decebalus.
‹See Tfd›(in Romanian) Decebalus.
‹See Tfd›(in Romanian) DECEBAL - www.gk.ro
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Decebalus&oldid=894192109"


text:
Q: Algebraic Field Extensions and Irreducible Polynomials Let $E/K$ be a field extension, $a,b\in E$ algebraic over $K$. Show:
$\text{Min}(a,K,X)$ irreducible over $K(b)$ if and only if $\text{Min}(b,K,X)$ irreducible over $K(a)$
My attemp:
(1) Let deg $\text{Min}(a,K,X)$ = n, deg $\text{Min}(b,K,X)$ = m. We know:
$[F(ab):F] = [F(ab):F(a)]\cdot [F(a):F] = [F(ab):F(a)]\cdot n $
$[F(ab):F] = [F(ab):F(b)]\cdot [F(b):F] = [F(ab):F(b)]\cdot m $
$\Rightarrow [F(ab):F(a)]\cdot n = [F(ab):F(b)]\cdot m$
Let $f:= \text{Min}(a,K,X)$ irreducible over $K(b)$. Since f is minimal Polynomial of $a$ over $K[X]$, it is the unique normalized irreducible polynomial with $f(a)=0$. Let $f'(a)=0$ and $f'(X)\in F(b)[X]$ be the minimal polynomial of $a$ over $K(b)$. Since $f\in K[X]$, also $f\in K(b)[X]$ and $\text{deg}\, f'\leq \text{deg}\, f$. Because $f:= \text{Min}(a,K,X)$ irreducible over $K(b) \Rightarrow f'=f \Rightarrow  \text{deg}\, f'= \text{deg}\, f\Rightarrow [F(ab):F(b)]=n $.
Is this ok?

A: Your proof appears OK, except that

*

*you switch from $K$ to $F$ and back (that's of course no serious problem)

*you want to write $F(a, b)$ (or $K(a, b) $) instead of $F(ab) $
Also note that if you use the arguments of this answer, you'll see that your conditions are both equivalent to the symmetric condition $K(a) \cap K(b) = K$.

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This ultra-stylish, high-sovereign couch is designed to support cutting-edge lounge development. It's created as a 2-item sofa sofa combined with a beautiful lounger. Additionally, it provides cellular arm rests and advantageous back assistance. The gorgeous tapestry is completed with dark false leather, firmly tufted. You can feel comfortable padding with froth inside the chair soft cushions. This guarantees a delicate feeling whenever you rest following a boring day time. The sofa is strengthened with wooden edge covered with darkish artificial leather-based. False tufted leather-based and powerful pinus radiata give extreme glare. It is a fact that it requires another appear because it is more expensive than it truly seems to be. Talking about dimension, its large! This is what adds more stars to this set. The peak is also remarkable for tall and short people.
Although this reclining loveseat comes with a heftier price tag, its classic design, choices for customization and automatic reclining system allow it to be well worth the dough. Its handcrafted wooden frame is cushioned with down mix soft cushions for any much softer feel than youd receive from high-density foam cushions, and the upholstery will come in a whopping 72 colour and material combinations. The supply of so many options causes it to be extra simple to set this lying loveseat with different patterns, supplies, highlights and dcor designs. In addition, for those who have kids or animals (or each!), you can select a more durable, spot-proof material. 1 client shared the Sunbrella canvas material has organized nicely towards her pets and children. This lying loveseat could have a traditional, old-college look, nevertheless its constructed-in technology is not. It doesn't only have an automated lying system (that provides you with a full recline, together with your footrest totally similar towards the chair), but it features a USB port for implementing or just charging your iPad, apple iphone, Amazon kindle or laptop.
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Copyright © Lysander Armchair By Mercury Row in Coffee Tables All right reserved.


text:
Red and Green Colors 'Not Appropriate' During the Holiday Season, University Says
The University of Minnesota cited Santa and 'red and green' colors as examples of 'religious iconography' that were inappropriate.
By Jon Miltimore
University of Minnesota officials recently distributed documents to employees and student-workers advising them to keep "inappropriate religious celebrations" out of public spaces.
The document, titled "Religious Diversity and the Holidays," encouraged recipients "to recognize the holidays in ways that are respectful of the diversity of the University community." It listed several specific examples of "religious iconography" the university says are inappropriate for display.
"In general, the following are not appropriate for gatherings and displays at this time of year since they typically represent specific religious iconography:
Santa Claus, Angels, Christmas trees, Star of Bethlehem, Dreidels, Nativity scene, Bows/wrapped gifts, Menorah, Bells, Doves, Red and Green or Blue and White/Silver decoration themes (red and green are representative of the Christian tradition as blue and white/silver are for Jewish Hanukkah that is also celebrated at this time of year)."
The U of M (@UMNews) shared this letter with some faculty and student employees this week The colors red & green, blue & white/silver are verboten during the "winter celebration" period. Images of Santa, wrapped gifts, and bells are also deemed "religious iconography." #BahHumbug pic.twitter.com/sxzqDXLLqY
— Jon Miltimore (@miltimore79) December 14, 2017
The document, which came from the school's College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences, was provided to Intellectual Takeout by an employee of the University of Minnesota.
A University of Minnesota representative said the document in question was distributed "as a conversation piece to facilitate dialogue." The representative said it does not represent the official position of the school or the Office of Equal Opportunity and Affirmative Action and was not shared campus-wide.
The display of religious symbols in public spaces is complicated.
Dr. Douglas Laycock, a professor of law at the University of Virginia and one of the nation's leading authorities on religious liberty, said courts have struck down some government-sponsored religious displays and upheld others.
Governments have generally been on safe ground when mixing religiously-themed holiday symbols and secular holiday symbols, Laycock noted, a compromise legal scholars derisively refer to as "the three reindeer rule."
But the document is not really an establishment clause matter. Construing images of Santa, bells, and wrapped gifts as examples of "religious iconography" is more than a bit of a stretch, legal scholars say.
"This goes well beyond anything the Constitution requires," said Dr. Steven Smith, a professor of law at the University of San Diego.
Smith pointed out that many of the images listed by the UofM have been included in displays to ensure they are deemed sufficiently secular to courts.
"This sounds like the university might be going a little bit berserk," said Smith, co-executive director of the Institute for Law and Religion in San Diego.
Even if the university is going "a little bit berserk," it is likely within its legal rights, scholars said. Courts have generally allowed employers broad leeway in establishing employment guidelines for workers.
The religious rights of workers, however, do occasionally bump against the prerogatives of employers.
In 2017, for example, a group of Muslim workers filed suit in federal court after their employer, United Parcel Service, a global shipping company, declined to accommodate their request to be given time to pray five times per day. When some employees of the company took breaks to pray without permission, they were fired by UPS. The matter is currently in litigation.
Legality aside, constitutional scholars said the effort to expunge holiday symbols from public spaces in the name of promoting diversity is neither required by law or consistent with American tradition.
"The promise of those who advocate for diversity was that we would have a richer more robust community," said Teresa S. Collett, a law professor at the University of St. Thomas School. "The University of Minnesota guidelines suggest quite the opposite—removing red, green, blue and white from the palette of colors with which we paint our holidays."
CORRECT: This story has been corrected to reflect that the document came from the University of Minnesota's College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences, not the Office of Equal Opportunity and Affirmative Action.
Jon Miltimore
Jonathan Miltimore is the Managing Editor of FEE.org. His writing/reporting has appeared in TIME magazine, The Wall Street Journal, CNN, Forbes, Fox News, and the Washington Times.
Kobe Bryant's 'Letter to My Younger Self' Holds a Lesson for Us All
'Jack Ryan' Gets Four Pinocchios on Venezuela
Supreme Court Hands Huge Victory to Families on School Choice
Lindsey Burke, Emilie Kao


11.5" by 8" , , (iii), 19pp.
A highly sort after and scarce third edition of Oliver Goldsmith's Retaliation, published the same year as the first.
With a small engraved vignette of Goldsmith to the title page.
"Including Epitaphs on the most distinguished Wits of the Metropolis...With Explanatory Notes, and Observations."
Disbound, with some straining to the textblock edge. Some age toning, and chipping to the extremities. Some scattered foxing, and marginal tide marks to the first few leaves. Overall: FAIR.


This deep conditioning crème rinse delivers a tangle-free, soft, silky coat.
Oat protein nourishes and strengthens the hair shaft, leaving the coat fuller and healthier.
Calendula extract helps restore softness and vitality to the coat while soothing the skin.


text:
package org.apache.carbondata.core.index;

import java.io.Serializable;

/**
 * Wrapper that have a group of selected index for segment.
 * this have information about from which index need to process.
 */
public class SegmentIndexGroup implements Serializable {

  private Segment segment;

  private int fromIndex;

  private int toIndex;

  public SegmentIndexGroup(Segment segment, int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
    this.segment = segment;
    this.fromIndex = fromIndex;
    this.toIndex = toIndex;
  }

  public Segment getSegment() {
    return segment;
  }

  public int getFromIndex() {
    return fromIndex;
  }

  public int getToIndex() {
    return toIndex;
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Government agencies operate within a complex system of policy making, legislation, regulations, processes, and procedures. Our lawyers have direct experience working in this complicated world. Our team has direct public sector experience, direct experience working in government, and long-standing relationships within federal agencies. We regularly counsel clients in the public and private sectors on corporate compliance, internal investigations, the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), lobbying, ethics, campaign finance, and the open meeting law.
Our Government law practice is closely aligned with the firm's Public Finance, White Collar Crime & Parallel Proceedings, Corporate & Securities, Tax, and Litigation practices — allowing us a broad area of coverage.
Attorney Elissa Flynn-Poppey leads a Government Law team focused on helping you navigate local, state, and federal government complexities.


United Arab Emirates is now trying these days to create Venice in Dubai by building an artificial canal. Aside from the staggering US$11bn tag price on the Arabian Canal, its developers promise it will be the largest and most complex work of engineering in the Middle East since the construction of the Suez Canal in Egypt in 1859.
Why does this make me think we're paying way too much for petrol???
actually the reason they are going so gung ho on touristy things is because they don't have as much petrol in the UAE and they want to have another source of income.


Bascinet is one of the most popular and widespread medieval knight helmet in the XIV century.
Such type was developed from the steel round cap, which was worn under the tophelm.
This model was typical for 1350-1140 years. The striking feature of this type of Bascinet is double-point fix on the both side of helmet. Mobile visor with single ocular is allowing great visibility and safety. Holes in visor provides with good ventilation.
Quite often, bascinets are worn together with chainmail and padded aventail. You may order it separately in our store.
You may also like these models of the XIV century bascinets: Bascinet with curved visor, Bascinet with klappvisor, Bascinet with side-hinged visor.
To recreate the image of a medieval knight, you need to pay attention to the other elements of protection - brigandines, arm armours and leg armours.
In section "Helmets" you can see all models that we offer for ordering. If you didn't find any for your taste and wish, please send us photo and description of the required model and we will make it for you.
Conical spangenhelm was popular among Norman knight all over Europe in the XII century. This model is a type of medieval nasal helmet. Frame of this battle helmet represents metal strips. Plates are riveted to this framework with steel or brass rivets. Nasal plate and bar grill visor provide with perfect protection of face. Also, there is a plate which guards back part of neck. We recommend to complete this early medieval battle helm with mail aventail. You can use this custom handcrafted head protection for: SCA HEMA Larp Stage performances Medieval festivals Reenactment events Main photo shows early medieval helmet with following options: Cold-rolled steel 1.5 mm; Satin polishing as finish treatment; Brown leather belts; Steel nickel-plated buckles; Steel rivets; No decoration; Sewn liner; Mail aventail Base price includes following options: Cold-rolled steel 1.5 mm; Satin polishing; Brown leather belts; Steel nickel-plated buckles; Steel rivets; No decorati..
Italian bascinet "Hounskull" of the 1460 year was widespread among European knights. There were no holes on the left side of extended visor, because this part of helmet often caught an attack of spear. Typical feature of Italian bascinets were almost straight back part of dome. Eye slits and holes provide with perfect vision and ventilation. By you regard, we may make a cross on the left side of visor. Italian bascinet from the Metropolitan museum of Arts, New York, USA This functional armor is fastened with underchin leather belt and buckle. Medieval knights used mail and padded aventail for better protection of throat, neck and shoulders and we recommend to do the same. You can use this custom-made head protection for: SCA HEMA Larp Stage performances Medieval festivals Reenactment events Main photo shows steel battle helmet with following options: Cold-rolled steel 1.5 mm; Satin polishing as finish treatment; Steel rivets; Brown leather and steel vervelles for aventail; Visor back ..
Similar model of bascinet with peak had been found in archaeological excavations and is dated by XIV century. Though, only few miniature paintings confirm the usage of such helmet by medieval warriors. Despite of less popularity, this type of helmet combines the most important properties, required for safety battle: good visibility; perfect ventilation; reliable protection Peak amortizes the striking force in case of strict stroke. Mail aventail together with padded pelerine provide with complete face and neck protection. Bar grill visor has distance 2.1 cm between the rods that is completely compliant to SCA standards. You can use this functional battle helmet for: SCA HEMA Larp Stage performances Medieval festivals Reenactment events Main photo shows metal head armor with grill visor with following options: Cold-rolled steel 1.5 mm; Satin polishing as finish treatment; Steel rivets; Steel vervelles for aventail; Steel buckles; Brown leather belts; Mail aventail; Padded..


Part 16 in a series: What's the next national park?
Roxanne Quimby owns a lot of land, and she's ready to give it away.
The founder of Burt's Bees, a well-known company that makes a wide range of skin, hair, and tooth care products entirely from natural ingredients, Quimby has used part of her fortune to purchase land in the North Woods of her ancestral state of Maine. She has one goal in mind: to hold this land privately until the time comes when she can give it to the public.
One of Quimby's properties, a nearly 70,000-acre parcel east of Baxter State Park, where the Appalachian Trail comes to an end at Katahdin, could become a new Maine Woods National Park . Quimby has offered the densely forested area to the National Park Service as a gift.
That is, it could become a park if she can convince Secretary of the Interior Ken Salazar to go ahead with a study to determine the feasibility of turning this land into a national park.
Senator Susan Collins (R-Maine), a native of the northern Maine city of Caribou whose family is in the lumber industry, represents an area long affected by the exodus of much of the timber industry in the late 1800s and early 1900s. When clear-cut logging had removed all of the best trees from northern Maine by the late nineteenth century, loggers took advantage of the new roads and railroads and moved to the Midwest lake states and the Pacific Northwest to continue their lumbering. Meanwhile, builders began to use more concrete and steel in construction projects, and coal replaced wood as a fuel, reducing the demand for logging. In the late twentieth century, mechanization in the woods and automation in the mills further reduced the jobs available in the forest industry. Today, many residents of northern Maine struggle to make a living.
That's exactly what scares members of an organization called Preserve Maine Traditions, which loudly opposes Quimby's land donation or any other presence of the National Park Service in northern Maine. "PMT is a citizens group committed to preserving Maine's cultural heritage and land use traditions," the group's website explains.
The site lists what it deems the perils of creating this national park: increased law enforcement, toll booths, the threat of government land grabs through eminent domain, bans on hunting, snowmobiling and structures (like ice fishing shacks) on park property; loss of tax revenue, closed roads, and boat horsepower restrictions on lakes and ponds.
While some of these things are possible if the land becomes a national park, other National Park Service designations would not require dramatic changes in land usage. Some of the land could become a national preserve or recreation area, for example, where hunting, snowmobiling, ice fishing shacks, boating, and other activities would be allowed.
A poll administered by Zogby International in July 2010 showed that 75 percent of respondents were in favor of establishing a new national park in the Maine Woods. An informal survey conducted by the Bangor Daily News in April 2011 produced virtually the same result.
With major changes on the horizon in Maine's federal-level political scene—the catalyst for which is Senator Olympia Snowe's (R-Maine) recent announcement that she will not run for reelection—Maine may have an opportunity to move its national park plans forward.
Death Penalty Debate? No Debate! Time to End Judicial Murder!


text:
Will Future National Security Prosecutions Suffer Because Clinton Was Spared?
What is the legacy of the Great Private Email Server Escapade, which began over revelations about Clinton's server and ended (perhaps) with FBI Director James Comey's decision not to recommend criminal charges against Hillary Clinton?
In the wake of this episode, some commentators have speculated that Comey created a new loophole that defendants could use to avoid prosecution for the mishandling of classified information. They claim that because Comey relied on Clinton's lack of intent when he declined to prosecute her mishandling of classified information, future wrongdoers will be able to evade prosecution by claiming a lack of intent. Clinton's case and Comey's decision have even been invoked by the attorneys for other defendants in high profile cases as a possible defense.
These arguments rest on fundamental misunderstandings of the law governing prosecutions for the mishandling of classified information. First, the intent requirement Comey relied upon is not new. This has been the standard for prosecutions for mishandling classified information since 1941. If it was illegal before Comey's announcement, it is still illegal after Comey's announcement. Second, there are two different statutes that criminalize the mishandling of classified information, and many news reports have conflated the two different laws. To clear up the tremendous confusion created by this conflation, a brief summary of the law in this area is helpful.
The two statutes that criminalize the mishandling of classified information are 18 U.S. Code § 1924 and 18 U.S. Code § 793, which together form key parts of the Espionage Act. The first, § 1924, makes it a misdemeanor for any person entrusted with classified information to intentionally remove that information from its proper place of storage. The second, § 793, makes it a felony for any person entrusted with classified information to remove the information from its proper place of storage with the intent to harm the national interests of the United States. As Comey made clear during his congressional testimony, the investigation's main focus was on this latter statute.
Clinton could not be charged under § 1924 because there was no evidence she intended to remove classified material from its proper place of storage. The State Department uses two email systems, a secure system for classified information and an unsecure system for unclassified information. Clinton's private server was only intended to substitute for the unsecure system and was built on the assumption that classified material would stay on the secure system. Clinton didn't use the secure email system at all and instead told staff to send her hard copies of classified documents instead of emailing them. A prosecutor can't show Clinton had the intent to remove classified information to a private server when the server was only intended to substitute for the Department's unclassified email system which is not supposed to have any classified information on it.
Clinton's server held 2,000 emails that contained information that was not classified at the time the email was sent, but was later deemed to be classified. Proving any intent here would be essentially impossible because the information wasn't classified when it was put on the server. There were also 110 emails that included classified information at the time they were sent but were never marked classified. The lack of marking would make it very difficult to prove any intent. There were also three emails that did have classified marking but two of them were erroneously marked and didn't actually contain classified information (They included talking points for diplomatic calls, which are confidential until the call is made and these emails were sent after this point). The fact that these two emails didn't contain classified information posed an insurmountable obstacle to prosecution. The only email that both contained classified information and had classified markings has not been publicly disclosed but we do know that the markings were incomplete and did not include the full disclaimer that normally appears in the header of emails containing classified information. This email did not note the contents were classified in the header as required and had only a "(C)" in the body of the email. The fact that the markings were incomplete makes Clinton's claim that she didn't recognize the markings more understandable.
Because it was clear Clinton had not intended to remove classified information from its proper place of storage, attention turned to § 793, which appears to only require gross negligence in the handling of classified information to support a conviction. But, as I previously detailed in these pages, the gross negligence language in § 793 is a mirage. The Supreme Court essentially re-wrote the statute in its 1941 decision Gorin v. United States to require the defendant to have the intent to harm U.S. interests- a higher standard than gross negligence. According to the Gorin court, if gross negligence were all that was required, the law would be unconstitutionally vague.
Clinton could not be charged because she neither had the intent to remove classified information from its proper place of storage (which is required for a misdemeanor charge under § 1924) nor the intent to harm the national interest (which is required to support a felony charge under § 793). None of the defendants in other recent high-profile national security cases can say this.
The most high-profile case is that of former Commander of Central Command and CIA Director David Petraeus. President-elect Donald Trump himself compared Clinton's case to Petraeus', claiming in a tweet that the retired general had done "far less" and was still convicted. The president-elect must be unfamiliar with or disinterested in the true facts of the Petraeus case. Petraeus delivered a wide variety of classified material to his biographer with whom he was having an extramarital affair, including his personal notes of classified briefings that included the names of covert agents, details of diplomatic meetings, and descriptions of war plans from Afghanistan. Much of the information was categorized as Top Secret or Code Word classified. The FBI even obtained a recorded interview between Petraeus and his biographer where Petraeus admitted the notebooks in question were classified.
Petraeus was not charged under § 793 – the law that Clinton opponents want to see applied to the former presidential candidate. He was charged under the misdemeanor statute, § 1924. This means prosecutors never had to prove he had the intent to harm the national interest, only that he intended to remove classified information from its proper place of storage. Petraeus' tape-recorded admission to the classified nature of the material left him no choice but to plead guilty and admit that the allegations were all true.
A more recent case that has drawn comparisons to Clinton is the prosecution of Booz Allen Hamilton contractor Harold Martin, III. Martin was working at the National Security Agency (NSA) when he was charged with mishandling classified information in August of this year. Some commentators have wondered if he might be able to assert the same defense that exonerated Clinton. It appears his attorneys intend to make exactly this argument. While the public does not have full access to all the evidence, and we should be cautious about rendering judgments without having all the facts, it does not appear that Martin is well-positioned to argue he lacked the requisite intent.
Martin is alleged to have stolen a sophisticated hacking tool – essentially a digital key that could unlock almost any standard computer security system. He removed it from the NSA and stored it in his home. It is unclear what his motive was. But like Petraeus, he is only being charged with a misdemeanor under § 1924. Under § 1924, the government doesn't have to prove that Martin intended to harm the United States, only that he knew he was removing classified material from its proper place of storage. The Clinton defense isn't available to him because the intent requirement under § 1924 is different than under § 793. Under § 1924, the government doesn't have to prove intent to harm the United States. It only has to prove the intent to remove classified information from its proper place of storage and from the information that is publicly available, it doesn't seem the government will have trouble proving an NSA contractor knew he couldn't store NSA hacking tools in his house (although it must be noted Martin has yet to be afforded the opportunity to present his defense on these points).
The case of Navy machinist Kristian Saucier has also inspired comparisons to Clinton. Saucier was serving on the submarine the USS Alexandria when he removed classified information from the boat. Unlike Martin, Saucier was initially charged, § 793, the same statute the government considered charging Clinton under. The case garnered enough attention that it was raised in the vice presidential debate, with Mike Pence arguing the case showed Clinton had benefitted from a double standard.
But Saucier's case is far more egregious than Clinton's. Saucier used his personal cell phone to document the entirety of the Alexandria's nuclear propulsion system, which he knew was classified. Saucier then left the phone on top of a dumpster where it was found. The person who found the phone showed its contents to a Navy veteran friend who alerted the Naval Criminal Investigative Service. When Saucier was interviewed by federal agents, he admitted the phone was his and that he knew the images were classified; but, he implausibly insisted he had not taken them. When he returned home after the interview, he smashed his home computer, his personal camera, and the camera's memory card with a hammer and dumped the shards in the woods behind his grandfather's house.
Saucier tried to use the Clinton case as a defense but eventually had to acknowledge reality and accepted a guilty plea that resulted in an 18 month jail sentence. It is true the government had little evidence that suggested Saucier was going to use the images to harm the national interest or benefit a foreign power. What really was damaging to Saucier's defense was the fact that he lied to investigators about possessing the photos and then destroyed evidence of his wrongdoing after he was interviewed. This deception evidenced a guilty mind, which implied he knew what he was doing was criminal and helped support a finding of intent. The photos were also so extensive and so completely documented the engine systems that simply having possession of them on a personal phone created a danger to the national interest and Saucier should have known that. As one of the prosecutors noted, "They are not the type of photograph that one would take to commemorate one's service.".
It is also common in espionage cases for the government to have evidence they don't disclose publicly in order to protect sources and methods. It is possible the government had additional evidence showing intent and offered the plea deal in order to avoid disclosing it at trial. The government might have more evidence of intent than what they disclosed to the public. For example, prosecutors appear to have been holding back information on why Saucier kept the photos. The criminal complaint makes vague references to Saucier's foreign travel and his possession of an international phone card that were never fully explained. It is possible prosecutors had additional information that would connect this travel to some nefarious purpose.
There is no new standard after Comey's announcement. The Clinton case was decided under the same standard that has been in place for 75 years. It will be no more difficult in the future to prove espionage charges than it has been in the past. Defendants who knowingly remove classified information from its proper place of storage can be prosecuted under § 1924 just as they always have been. Defendants who mishandle classified information with the intent to harm national security or to benefit a foreign power can face felony charges under § 793, just as before. The idea that defendants like Saucier can assert the Clinton case as precedent is undermined by the fact that Saucier himself gave up on the idea that this could result in an acquittal and accepted a guilty plea to reduce his potential jail time.
Partisans will continue to debate whether Comey's handling of the Clinton case unduly affected the outcome of the election. But there is no reason to worry that the rationale offered for not prosecuting Clinton will open the door to a new defense for those who mishandle classified information. Comey didn't decline to recommend charges against Clinton because he had invented a new loophole in the Espionage Act. He declined to recommend charges because her conduct did not rise to the level of criminality under longstanding precedent. Future spies and individuals who criminally mishandle classified information will find no refuge in Comey's decision.
John Ford is a former military prosecutor and a current reserve U.S. Army Judge Advocate. He now practices law in California. You can follow him on twitter at @johndouglasford.
Image: Lorie Schaull, CC


text:
Ashton Agar set to miss BBL finals and could be doubt for New Zealand tour
5dAlex Malcolm
22hVarun Shetty
Rishabh Pant: 'One of the biggest things in my life right now'
Sunil Gavaskar: 'Young India showing that they are not afraid'
11hESPNcricinfo stats team
11hS Rajesh
Tim Paine: Australia lost key moments throughout series
Reactions: 'The depth of Indian cricket is scary' - AB de Villiers
Poll: Vote for India's best away Test win of the century
21dESPNcricinfo staff
As it happened - Australia vs India, 4th Test, Brisbane, 5th day
Tamim Iqbal - 'My style of captaincy will grow with time'
10hMohammad Isam
All eyes on Shakib Al Hasan's return as Bangladesh, West Indies begin ODI Super League campaign
Shakib back to middle order, new role for Soumya during West Indies ODIs
1dMohammad Isam
Bangladesh confirm DRS availability despite technician difficulties
Bangladesh to wear special jersey to commemorate 50 years of independence
Kohli, Hardik, Ishant return to India's 18-member squad for first two England Tests
9hNagraj Gollapudi
The Buzz: Spider-man behind the stumps
1dESPNcricinfo staff
Left-arm spinner is still recovering from a calf injury while Mitchell Marsh could return as a batsman-only
Alex Malcolm14-Jan-2021
Ashton Agar injured his calf while batting Getty Images
Perth Scorchers spinner Ashton Agar is unlikely to be available for the BBL finals, which could jeopardise his availability for Australia's T20 tour of New Zealand in February, as the rehab from his calf injury is taking far longer than was originally forecast.
Allrounder Mitchell Marsh will also be unavailable for Saturday's clash with the Sydney Sixers after suffering a side strain in the win over the Hobart Hurricanes and won't be able to bowl again in the tournament. However, Marsh is expected to return to play as a batsman only.
Agar originally injured his calf while batting for Australia during the third ODI against India in Canberra on December 2 and missed the three-match T20I series that followed and the start of the BBL season. He also suffered a fractured finger in the ODI series but the calf is the main issue.
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The Scorchers ruled him out of the home and away portion of the BBL season on January 2, with the Scorchers final game of the regular season scheduled for January 26.
They were hopeful that he would recover in time for the finals series which is set to begin on January 29 with the BBL final on February 6, but his recovery has taken longer than expected and the Scorchers are now planning to play the entire tournament without him.
Australia have a five-match T20I series in New Zealand with the first match due to start on February 22. The Australia squad has to complete 14-days of quarantine in New Zealand prior to the start of the series and the squad appears likely to fly out to start that period the day after the BBL final.
Agar had played in Australia's previous 12 T20I's prior to missing the India series, forming a spin partnership with Adam Zampa in Australia's preferred five-man attack. He was replaced by Mitchell Swepson for the T20I series against India.
The Scorchers are on a five-game BBL winning streak, having won their last four at Perth Stadium, and have rocketed up to third on the table having been winless in their first four games of the season. The winning streak coincided with Marsh's return to bowling in the last five games after overcoming an ankle injury he suffered in the IPL. Having given up the captaincy to focus on his form and fitness, Marsh has been the Scorchers' second-most economical bowler behind Jhye Richardson and has posted two half-centuries this season.
Marsh will travel with the team to Canberra but won't line-up against the Sixers. The Scorchers are confident he will play a part as a specialist batsman when the team travels to Melbourne for the final four games of the season.
Colin Munro is expected to return against the Sixers after missing the win over the Hurricanes due to a quad issue. Munro scored three consecutive half-centuries against the Sydney Thunder, Sydney Sixers, and the Melbourne Renegades but was unable to field against the Thunder after injuring his quad while batting.
Alex Malcolm is a freelance writer based in Melbourne


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Q: How do you scale a set of number such that they sum to 0.5 after scaling Suppose I have a set of numbers of various different values (>0.0). I want to scale these numbers so that they all sum to 0.5. The scaling is required so that the relative strength of the numbers with respect to the other numbers is retained as is, and the constraint that the sum of the numbers should be 0.5 after scaling is my requirement.
What is the actual mathematical way to accomplish this?

A: To do this you can divide each number by twice their total sum. To see why this works, say you have a collection of $n$ numbers and denote them $p_i$ for $i \in \{1, \ldots, n\}$. Their sum is
\begin{equation}
S = \sum_{i=1}^{n} p_i.
\end{equation}
Dividing each $p_i$ by $2S$ gives
\begin{equation}
\sum_{i=1}^{n} \frac{p_i}{2S} = \frac{1}{2S} \sum_{i=1}^{n} p_i = \frac{1}{2S}S = \frac{1}{2}.
\end{equation}
This preserves the relative magnitude of each number while scaling their sum, just as we wanted.


All these rates of vibration interpenetrate each other, in the same way that solids, liquids and gases are all present in a sponge filled with water the sponge being solid, the water liquid, and the gases themselves composing the water. So our physical world with garden gnomes has, around and within it, astral and mental activities running close knit to its own, and intimately associated with its phenomena. The phenomena of "life" and of garden gnomes, such as cell growth, variations of structure. Sports, etc., the causes of which are so little known are due to influences from the subtler worlds, as we shall presently see. No wonder, then, that they confound the student who is blind to all save physical rates of activity. It is possible to investigate these subtler rates, though, in order to do this, organs of perception must first be developed. The organs of perception of these finer levels of experience must each be tuned to respond to the order of material which they are meant to investigate. In practice, such mechanisms of garden gnomes are only found in a specially disciplined body. Human nature is exactly fitted for such study, for the human being is not limited to the physical body which we see, but has at each level a "body" or vehicle of expression, made of the material of that plane. So occultism teaches that each human soul uses a physical body, including the finer levels of the physical ether, as well as solids, liquids and gases, and also an astral or emotional body and a mental vehicle. As the physical structure of garden gnomes becomes more refined and delicately organized through the long processes of evolution, these subtler bodies also become more highly developed, and begin to specialize organs of perception their own levels. This is the basis of clairvoyance as it is now familiarly called an experience which ranges from a transitory "vision" in a moment of strain, through the experience of the partially developed organ, which can occasionally see garden gnomes, but cannot direct its sight to any extent, to the point of full self-conscious control of the inner vision. In the latter case it can be used at its own level as we use vision at the physical level.


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I make fun of things for a living. But over the years I've found that making fun of things can be an excellent way to understand them. And making fun also causes me to be a neutral referee. I don't take sides. The absurd is the absurd whether you find it on the left, on the right, or in the middle.
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Russ Davis reflects on his 4 decades in Jazz Radio!
Russ inside the MOJA Radio studios…I THANK YOU FOR YOUR SUPPORT!
I was just thinking about the fact that I began my jazz radio career back in the year 1978! With all the changes in technology and the business in general it strikes me that to simply be actively involved in programming and presenting this area of jazz and still be thriving is pretty astounding. I sometimes feel like a jazz musician who has chosen to express himself in a personal way and just let the chips fall where they may as opposed to crafting something that might get me more work in the jazz arena as it exists today. It isn't that brave an endeavor really. I'm simply doing what I know how to do and building on something that began for me way back in the 20th century. I hope you'll indulge me as I tell this story.
I was opposed from the beginning to playing constant advertisements on the air as I wouldn't listen to that myself. We decided to see if the folks who were so upset when XM gave up and let Sirius call the shots, would really follow us in large enough numbers as subscribers to pay the bills and give us a chance to truly create, maintain and grow "The World's Modern Jazz Radio Channel." The answer is that they did and we have. Folks pay about a quarter a day to hear the stream. The name MOJA is not really a flippant moniker. Yes, it is a bit of a silly anagram that is constructed from MO for MOdern and JA for JAzz but people in the past seven years of the life of the channel have now come to call this blending of all these many sub-genres of jazz MOJA without any hesitation. Sometimes I'll get together with subscriber/listeners and we'll listen to music and say to one another…"that's definitely MOJA" or "that's definitely NOT MOJA!" When you live with this music you just simply KNOW. In addition to serving up the constant variety of MOJA over these seven years we've continued to present the special programs that have become a big part of what the service is all about. A couple of years ago I was joined by an old friend from New York radio days at CD 101.9, Carolyn Bednarski, who loves the vocal side of things and now programs and presents the special show "The New Jazz Singers with Carolyn Bednarski" each month. One member of MOJA Nation wrote me an email once that included the following, "if citizens of America are Americans then we citizens of MOJA Nation must be MOJANS." The name stuck and even artists like Randy Brecker calls himself a MOJAN now as he did backstage in an interview at The Blue Note not long ago.
In conclusion, I must say how proud I am of what we have created, a platform to present the work of the artists that I believe are the most creative in jazz today. I must say how inspired I am each time I read a message from one of my fellow MOJANS who tells me how they couldn't go through a day without listening because this is "their music." A true music lover knows the music that helps him or her define themselves TO themselves, and this is no small thing. Communicating with citizens of the MOJA Nation may be the single most fulfilling thing about doing this work for me. That is besides, of course, the fact that I get to continue my relationship with all of these brilliant, creative musical creatures who come up with the newest forms of jazz, a music that has been around for over a century and refuses to stand still, much less die! When I get a new CD or download a file that presents me with some new pianist from Eastern Europe, a new guitarist from Indonesia, a band from Sweden, a vocalist from Brazil or India, or some funky new group from Texas, a player from Chicago or San Francisco that's doing something completely different with a horn, some musician with a new idea that I discover walking into one of New York's many clubs then I know that when you hear talk about how jazz is dead or dying it's coming from people who just aren't interested or are not paying attention. I know this multi-culti, electro-acoustic, genre-bending, multi-faceted music I call MOJA is alive and well and that for seven glorious years it's been living and thriving in the home I built for it, online at MOJA Radio!
« The TOP 20 of 2018 from MOJA Radio!
With all due respect to the Furry Freak brothers, MOJA Radio will get you thru times of no money better than money will get you thru times of no MOJA Radio. I have been a fan of MOJA for decades. When Beyond Jazz walked the plank, I never imagined this one-stop station where musical worlds collide would ever resurface. But, thanks to the vision and action of Russ Davis, modern jazz is back, and with a vengeance. I can't imagine a 21st century without the aural magic of MOJA. Thanks Russ, the music is alive and kicking.
One thing that really bothers me about MOJA is this: THERE IS TOO MUCH GOOD MUSIC ON THIS STATION!!!! I CAN'T KEEP UP!!!! Seriously – thank you to Russ for his vision and work. The greatest moment of my musical life was hearing my own music on a show that I and my family have loved to listen to for years. You give me hope for a better musical future for everyone. Thank you so much!
Well,finally after 4 or 5 months, I've gotten around to reading the "History Of MoJa" story! What a great story it is and I have always been interested in hearing about how things went down with XM radio. Once your show was taken off I attempted to discontinue my membership and it took many phone calls and about three months to completely sever the ties! From that experience I deducted that XM/Sirius was not in it for the music whatsoever.
As "Ken" above says the music is alive and kicking, I'm trying to keep up!!!
I just finished reading the history of your brilliant endeavors to create the finest and most wonderful venue for MOJA and it is most dear to my MOJAN support of the music I love the most.
I first heard you and Michelle on XM while jamming on Beyond Jazz. It has been a privilege ever since and I am a huge fan of you guys. Thank you so much for the greatest in MOJA that I listen to every day!
I was driving the streets Boston, MA one day in 1972 and heard Jean Luc-Ponty along with Chick Corea. They were going to play a live concert in the Tanglewood Forest music festival. The music playing on that station immediately attached itself to my brain and a MOJAN was born within!
I started listening to jazz when I was 14 after my older brother brought home LPs of Miles Davis, Thelonius Monk, Dave Brubeck Quartet, Modern Jazz Quartet and beyond while he was attending Missouri University. I continue listening to these great musicians today but my greatest joy is MOJA and beyond.
Wow! The world of jazz is truly championed by the best in jazz listening and radio guru of the likes of Russ Davis, my hero and brother of MOJAN and beyond! You have made a difference in this world and I am a proud member of MOJAN. I can never thank you enough!
Russ, sorry to come to this piece so late after it was posted. Love your history of MOJA, and I love MOJA Radio — it's the only place I know of where you can listen to this great, evolving jazz mix. Fantastic. Thanks.


A disarming blend of serenity and intensity, the Eppie watch introduces a distinctive, 70s-inspired shape. With a striking sandstone dial and polished stainless steel case, it is the Gomelsky signature on the wrist.
This Eppie watch provides a rich accent to any outfit. With its captivating face and silver bracelet, this piece is certain to receive many compliments.


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I promised the Proposed Projects section a while back and have my first two planned. Now I need to find the time to complete sketches and photograph the fabrics.
Speaking of fabrics, I've spent a few months inventorying my stash. I have a physical swatch book now, the next step will be photographing said stash! I'm really looking foward to sharing the plethora of beautiful fabrics I've collected over the years. Maybe something will inspire you!
In other news, yesterday my fiancee and I started sifting through some of my content from my old website. I've specifically started adding in more detail photos that got cut in the original transfer. I realized that many of these details are what set my work apart.
When I speak of details this doesn't include just detailing of the garments, it includes detailing of the experience. I want to share more photos of the little touches – like my custom-made boxes, the how to guides given to clients for their garments, the care descriptions and hints I provide. Right now a glimpse of that treatment is shown in the wedding corset gallery. The documentation of these things is an art in and of itself and I'm so lucky my fiancee reminds me of this all the time. Thank you Jeremy!


text:
Health of Shire's town centres to be considered in all decision-making
The health of town centres is now enshrined in local decision making by Aberdeenshire Council.
Morag Kuc
The health of town centres is now enshrined in local decision making by Aberdeenshire Council, in the interest of economic recovery and sustainable economic growth.
The Town Centre First Principle was launched jointly by the Scottish Government and Cosla in January 2015, following an independent review of town centres across Scotland.
Public organisations were invited to commit to the principle, taking a wider view of town centre development beyond the traditional development planning approach, in order to incorporate other decisions the public sector makes which can influence town centre viability.
The Town Centre First Principle states that town centres are a key element of the economic, social and environmental fabric of Scotland's towns; often at the core of community and economic life, offering spaces in which to live, meet and interact, do business and access facilities and services.
It urges public bodies to "take collective responsibility to help town centres thrive sustainably, reinvent their function, and meet the needs of residents, businesses, and visitors for the 21st century".
The council's Infrastructure Services Committee (ISC) approved the Town Centre First Principle as a policy for Aberdeenshire Council at a meeting in Aberdeen on Thursday.
Speaking after the meeting, ISC chairman David Aitchison said: "Essentially what this means is that we are putting town centres first in all the decisions that we're making as a council.
"This means at Local Area Committees, central policy committees and at all other meetings of the council where decisions are taken, that the vibrancy, equality and diversity of our town centres will be key."
ISC vice-chair, Graeme Clark, said: "In determining relevant planning applications, the council has always considered the viability of our local town centres, but this goes much wider than that.
"Beyond the planning service, all council departments will now have an eye on how their decisions can be made to ensure healthy and prosperous centres at the heart of local communities."
The practical implication of adopting the principle as policy is that it allows consideration by officers of both positive and negative implications when making decisions that impact on town centres.
As well as planning policies, it will apply to policies relating to the provision of civic and community facilities, local authority assets, employment land, retail, economic development, residential, culture, transportation, leisure and tourism.
It will be incorporated into all relevant council strategies, operational plans and strategic area plans and will be embedded into all processes that involve making decisions, positive or negative, related to town centres.
It will allow officers in all services to identify the detrimental effects that things such as budget cuts, road closures and decisions around the removal of assets or services which increase or decrease footfall will potentially have on town centres.
A Town Centre Framework will now be developed which will include a town centre impact assessment along with relevant guidance for officers.


Place where baptisms are carried out, often with a baptismal tank integrated into the church. Often a chapel close to a central-plan church.
An outwork or forward extension of a castle gateway .
Vault where two barrel arches intersect one another perpendicularly at different heights .
A plain vault of uniform cross-section.
Main section of the capital (often decorated with sculptures) between the astragal and the abacus.
Transversal division between two pillars or springers/" title="">cross springers in part of a church.
A molding composed wholly or in part of a series of billets (small cubes, cylinders or prisms) placed at regular intervals, so that their axis and that of the entire series is parallel to the general direction of the molding.
A term adopted to describe the various patterns used to lay bricks in order to give them maximum strength.
Projecting stone used for supporting the base of a column, the springing of an arch, the ribs of a vault or a statue.
Engaged column acting as a buttress.
A projection from a wall to create additional strength and support.


text:
Photo Credit: Joshua Guerra | Daily Texan Staff
By Chris Mendez
Author Kenneth Morgan discussed the history of Wales during World War I on Friday at the Harry Ransom Center as part of its weekly "British Studies Seminar" series.
"I want to focus particularly on Wales, where I came from, because war had a very particular impact on the society, culture and the sense of nationhood in Wales," Morgan said.
In discussing Wales before the outbreak of the war, Morgan said its coal fields and seaports brought economic prosperity while church choirs exemplified cultural achievement.
"Welsh before the war had a great sense of optimism," Morgan said. "The Welsh choirs were at their peak."
Morgan also described the rise of a liberal government in Wales that was led by David Lloyd George, who became British prime minister in December 1916.
"He was a great figure of radical, nationally conscious liberalism government," Morgan said. "He then emerged as the most prominent, dynamic figure in liberal government."
Morgan also said Lloyd George helped the war effort by mobilizing troops and supporting the liberal ideals of the war.
"He became in particular the great advocate of conscription," Morgan said. "He claimed, as I said, that it was a war of liberal values."
Despite Lloyd George's enthusiasm, Morgan said the war weakened liberalism in Wales and plunged the state into an economic and cultural depression.
"The social base of Welsh liberalism was also being undermined," Morgan said. "[Wales] shortly, lurched into depression and mass unemployment. [There were] diminished signs of the Welsh language and the erosion of the strength of the Welsh choir."
History junior Jonathon Parker said he took a particular interest in the formation of Wale's national identity.
"I didn't know much about national identity in Wales," Parker said. "I'm British myself, but I'm not very familiar with Wales. I gained a much better general impression of what Wales was like."
English senior Victor Hernandez, who has visited Wales, said the discussion informed people about conflict in the U.K.
"I think it was an excellent opportunity for people of this city to get acquainted with the power struggles that exist inside the United Kingdom, which are foreign to almost everyone outside the commonwealth," Hernandez said. "I thought it was insightful and a brave account of a brave little nation."


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