text:
package org.apache.storm.testing;

/**
 * Marker interface used to mark integration tests. Integration tests will be run during the Maven
 * integration-test phase, whereas unit tests will be run during the Maven test phase.
 *

 * Integration tests can be in the same package as unit tests. To mark a test as integration test, add the annotation
 *
 * @Category(IntegrationTest.class) to the class definition as well as to its hierarchy of superclasses. For example:
 *

 * @ Category(IntegrationTest.class)
 public class MyIntegrationTest {
 ...
 }
 */
public interface IntegrationTest {
}


text:
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
Baby Doll est un film américain réalisé par Elia Kazan, sorti le .

Synopsis
« Baby Doll » Meighan est mariée à Archie Lee, un exploitant de coton au bout du rouleau. Archie a promis à son beau-père de ne pas consommer le mariage avant qu'elle n'atteigne ses vingt ans. Rongeant son frein, Archie tourne autour de sa femme dans l'attente du jour proche de l'anniversaire fatidique.

Mais Archie est aussi au bord de la faillite. En effet, depuis que le gros exploitant Silva Vacarro a installé sa nouvelle machine, les petits producteurs n'ont pratiquement plus de travail. Comme eux, Archie Lee vivote dans une maison qui tombe en ruines et dont les meubles sont en passe d'être saisis. Il décide de mettre le feu à l'égreneuse de coton de Vacarro pour relancer ses affaires au risque de déclencher la fureur de son propriétaire.

Fiche technique
 Titre : Baby Doll
 Titre original : Baby Doll
 Réalisation : Elia Kazan
 Scénario : Tennessee Williams
 Production : Elia Kazan et Tennessee Williams, d'après la pièce 27 Wagons Full of Cotton de ce dernier
 Musique : Kenyon Hopkins
 Photographie : Boris Kaufman
 Costumes : Anna Hill Johnstone
 Montage : Gene Milford
 Pays d'origine : États-Unis
 Langue : anglais
 Format : Noir et blanc - Mono
 Genre : Comédie noire
 Durée : 114 minutes
 Date de sortie :

Distribution

 Karl Malden (VF : Robert Dalban) : Archie Lee Meighan
 Carroll Baker (VF : Jeanine Freson) : Baby Doll Meighan
 Eli Wallach (VF : Raymond Loyer) : Silva Vacarro
 Mildred Dunnock (VF : Lita Recio) : Tante Rose Comfort
 Lonny Chapman (VF : Jean Clarieux) : Rock
 Eades Hogue (VF : Pierre Leproux) : Shérif
 Noah Williamson (VF : Camille Guérini) : Député

Autour du film
 Le film est sorti en France sous le titre Poupée de chair, depuis tombé en désuétude.
 Le film marque la première apparition au cinéma d'Eli Wallach et le premier rôle principal de Carroll Baker (découverte dans Géant), issus tous deux de l'Actors Studio. Karl Malden, lui, jouait déjà dans Un tramway nommé Désir en 1951 et Sur les quais en 1954.
 C'est le seul scénario original de Tennessee Williams écrit délibérément pour l'écran, bien qu'inspiré par deux pièces en un acte écrites dans les années 1940 : Twenty-seven Wagons Full of Cotton (Vingt-sept wagons remplis de coton) et The Unsatisfactory Supper, aussi connu sous le titre The Long Stay Cut Short (Le Long Séjour interrompu). L'écrivain refondera son scénario en une pièce de théâtre en 1978 qu'il intitulera Tiger Tail.
 Le , le film est condamné par la Ligue pour la vertu. Kazan refusant toute coupe (contrairement à Un tramway nommé Désir, il a le droit de final cut), les boycotts des salles de cinéma, menés par les catholiques avec, en première ligne, le cardinal Spellman, s'intensifient et le film est finalement retiré des écrans dans le courant de l'année 1957.
 Une version théâtrale en français, adaptée par Pierre Laville et mise en scène par Benoît Lavigne, a été montée en 2009 au théâtre de l'Atelier, avec Mélanie Thierry, Xavier Gallais, Chick Ortega, Monique Chaumette et Théo Légitimus.
Le film est condamné par les catholiques au Québec en 1956 et le Bureau de la censure lui retire plusieurs minutes.

Récompenses et distinctions
 Golden Globe 1957 : Meilleur réalisateur.
 Oscars du cinéma 1957 : sélectionné dans les catégories, meilleure actrice, meilleure actrice de second rôle, meilleure photographie en noir et blanc, meilleur scénario.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Film américain sorti en 1956
Comédie noire américaine
Film réalisé par Elia Kazan
Adaptation d'une pièce de théâtre de Tennessee Williams au cinéma
Film tourné au Mississippi
Film tourné à Stockton (Californie)
Film sur la virginité
Censure aux États-Unis
Film nommé aux Oscars
Film nommé aux BAFTA Awards
Film en anglais
Film américain en noir et blanc
Film avec un Golden Globe de la meilleure réalisation

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


A surface (free) energy of a cubic monoatomic crystal at a specified hydrostatic stress and temperature. If computed, this corresponds to the 'relaxed' surface energy found by performing an energy minimization. At zero temperature, the calculation is for the potential energy as opposed to the free energy.
The surface (free) energy density (energy per unit area). When obtained in a calculation, this is the (free) energy per area in the relaxed structure obtained by performing an energy minimization.
A description of the observed reconstruction if one took place.
The [x,y,z] coordinates of each particle after relaxation.


Absynth is one of my favorite software synthesizers. It is everything you'd want in a modular system, but is packages like a standard instrument - helping smooth the way for quick-and-efficient patch development. But the level of modulation and pure sound design goodness is unparalleled - and this thing is 15 years old!
Several people have pointed to Brian as a potential interview; I finally reached out to him and found him more than willing. Then we started talking, and it turned out to be one of the great chats that I've had. Brian is a cool guy, and was willing to be introspective about his work and perspectives. I felt like I made a new friend during our discussion - and you get to hear it happen.


North-east set to keep hold of Super League's big event for a fifth year - and are Salford for sale?
Manchester City's Etihad Stadium was the biggest rival for the two-day showpiece, which sees all six top flight games played at the same venue.
But sources have told SunSport the desire is to keep it at St James' Park, even though it hosts Rugby union's European finals on May 10 and 11 next year.
Super League bosses met on Monday where Magic Weekend was discussed but Newcastle, which attracted a record 67,788 crowd in 2015, is believed to have won the race.
A decision on dates, whether in be May 18-19 or even June 1-2, is expected in the coming weeks.
As the battle to book a Magic Weekend place hots up, Toulouse star Chris Centrone admits Toulouse did not just succumb to a 'try that never was' in the one-point loss at Toronto.
Mason Caton-Brown's score was given even though he clearly lost the ball in the 13-12 loss but the Italy international feels there were other things that cost them ahead of today's clash with Hull KR.
Centrone said: "That first try with Caton-Brown was a tough one that didn't go our way. I couldn't put it down to that exact point, though, we missed a few opportunities.
While Toulouse look to maintain their Super League hopes, Widnes will be relegated if they lose at Toronto.
Salford will seal survival by beating London but they are believed to be for sale.
An advert for a club dubbed 'Project Ball' has been circulated for 'investment and potentially partial or total sale'.
And sources have told SunSport the club, described as 'a professional northern rugby team who play in England's top flight' is in fact the Red Devils.
SunSport revealed Chinese businessmen, believed to be connected to construction giants BCEGI, were interested in the club.
Now the advert from Sedulo, who have been named as advisors to Salford's board, appears to confirm they are seeking new money. Neither Salford nor Sedulo would confirm it relates to them.


Easily regulate and maintain temperature for all hot water solutions.
Hot water sets (HWS) from Central States Industrial (CSI) use stainless steel materials to help achieve a hygienic, long-lasting design. HWS are designed and built to application requirements for flow, temperature, and pressure, while optional heat transfer equipment choices allow customization to meet each facility's standard practices.
CSI's HWS control system with Allen Bradley components and seven-inch color touchscreen display is a simple, economical, and efficient way to safely regulate the operation of the hot water set. Monitoring the supply temperature, water flow rate, temperature history information, and any applicable alarms is easy with CSI's system. Setpoint changes can also be made from the touchscreen, which is password protected to prevent unauthorized adjustments.
Literature for Hot Water Sets have been saved to your dashboard!
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Never skip your daily stretch! It is crucial for flexibility and strengthening your muscles. Regular stretching can prevent and improve minor discomfort, injuries and sciatic nerve pain in your back and hip.
Do these simple stretches regularly, and thank us later.
This is a popular yoga pose. Kneel with your knees hip-width apart with your palms facing forward on your lower back. Gently push your hips up and forward and bend back like a camel. If you can, bring your hands to your heels one by one.
You can do this sitting or standing. If you are sitting, sit with your feet apart, knees straight, then reach forward with both arms while relaxing your neck. When standing, stand with feet apart then hinge forward touching the floor, if you can.
Get on all fours. Spread your knees as far as you can. Move your hips forward, then bring your chest and head to the floor.
Toes pointed forward, take a wide standing stance, then bend forward trying to touch the floor with your fingers. Next, walk both your hands to one foot and bend the opposite knee. Turn your other foot in a way that your toes face the ceiling.
Sit on the floor. Spread your knees while keeping your feet touching. Sit with your back straight and press your knees down to feel a stretch.
Start by rolling your shoulders back, then put one arm straight to the front. Flex your hand down. Cup this hand with the other then pull it towards your body until you feel a stretch.
Do each stretch for 30 seconds. Repeat 2-3 times. Don't force anything that doesn't feel comfortable to you. The more you practice these stretches, the easier they'll become. Do these stretches daily to feel the difference.
Do you stretch regularly? Do you know other stretches that have made a difference in your life? Share your experiences in the comments below.
Have you been curious about losing weight eating Bacon and Butter? You're not alone!


text:
Fox News Facebook Update
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Fox News Update was live. Get the scoop on the latest from Fox News and political coverage. This question is being answered assuming that whoever asked it is using Windows, and that their browser is up-to-date. 17,184,722 likes · 2,113,378 talking about this. Have a news tip? E-mail [email protected] A woman texted her father every day after his death 4 years ago. Fox News Update. Friday afternoon's edition of "Shepard Smith Reporting" was the last episode of the. Each morning, co-hosts Dave Anthony, Lisa Brady, Jessica Rosenthal, and Chris Foster take a deep dive into the major and controversial. Download our news app. A link has been posted to your Facebook feed. Indianapolis News, Indiana Weather, Indiana News, Indiana Traffic, Indiana Local News, Indiana Sports, Community, Entertainment Go Search Watch Now: FOX59 Morning News at Four FOX59 TV Schedule. 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Watch House Intel Committee Chair Adam Schiff, accused of blocking and impeachment witness from answering questions from Republicans, Pelosi needs to declare a mistrial. Some features on this website, like video and images, might not work properly. It's pop culture on steroids. Facebook Fox News. Weather Underground provides local & long-range weather forecasts, weather reports, maps & tropical weather conditions for locations worldwide. Headlines Download our news app. All the latest breaking news on Facebook. Up-to-the-minute world market analysis, financial news, market data, stock market news plus exclusive video clips. broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed. Fox News Morning Update: October 19, 2019. CLEVELAND-- Many of you-- our wonderful FOX 8 viewers-- have been calling and sending us messages, asking about meteorologist AJ Colby. Lanes of Seattle's Aurora Bridge close for 10-day emergency repair TRAFFIC. The Pentagon now planning to keep some US troops in northeastern Syria to protect oil fields from Isis terrorists and the Kurdish military leader tells Fox News. The Disney/Fox merger will result in more Planet of the Apes movies, but are they really necessary? Some Liverpool fans gutted by news coming out of Anfield. 649,194 likes · 124,959 talking about this. Fox-News-Update-Fox-News-Morning-Update-October-23-2019-Facebook. Copy and past this code into your website. President Trump asks the Attorney General to investigate Hillary Clinton, 2020 hopeful Julian Castro says he needs $800k to stay in the race, and a mom praises Florida officers who revived her choking son!. The married couple hit up Sugarfish for a sushi dinner that night. Latest Current News: U. Weather on FOX 13 Tampa Bay. Find live NASCAR updates, NASCAR driver news, NASCAR videos, rumors, schedules & more on FOX Sports. Norton Safe Search is a search environment developed with focus on online safety. Want to keep informed about Fox Island happenings? Join our FoxIslandNews Facebook page FoxIslandWA. Adam Schiff is "following the rules" passed by the GOP with closed-door impeachment questioning, the legal analyst said. "It should be pretty obvious if we continue on this pace we're definitely going to set a record for seasonal snowfall. Fox News Update. Headlines Download our news app. Watch live streaming newscasts from FOX 5 San Diego, KSWB Channel 5. I'm Rob Schmitt here with your Fox News update on Facebook. We tell local Rhode Island and Southeastern Massachusetts news & weather stories, and we do what we do to make Providence, Warwick, Cranston, Fall River, New Bedford, Pawtucket, and Newport & the. The female anchors of the Fox News channel are so pretty and attractive that the viewers do not feel boring to see the News. Fox News Update transmitió en vivo. We wanted to keep you updated on how he's doing, following. Hello America. Real news, curated by real humans. 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Home/World/Don Luce, activist who helped bring end to Vietnam War, dies at 88
Don Luce, activist who helped bring end to Vietnam War, dies at 88
When students started missing Don Luce's classes at Saigon Agricultural College in the 1960s, he learned to anticipate the worst.
Some will never return. Others return to stories of torture by the South Vietnamese government in search of suspected communist sympathizers or critics of the US-led war against North Vietnam. . The students were covered with bruises, welds and cigarette burns.
"There was a man who broke three fingers. Things like that," recalls Mr. Luce, who arrived in Vietnam in the late 1950s with a group of volunteers based in the United States.
What he saw among his students began his development from a Vietnam War bystander to an influential activist who helped fuel the anti-war movement in his hometown. houses with eyewitness accounts and assists reporters and researchers – most notably in 1970 by showing members of a congressional group the appalling conditions inside the prison run by his allies. United States run South Vietnam.
Mr. Luce has a hand-drawn map, based on information from former inmates, showing the way to a secret area where hundreds of political prisoners are kept.
The photos of the "tiger cage" on Con Son Island were taken by a young congressional aide Tom Harkin (D), who later served four decades as a US congressman and senator from Iowa. The Picture appeared in Life magazine in July 1970, showing emaciated prisoners crammed into enclosed areas where they could not stand or seek escape from the sweltering heat.
Mr. Luce, who died on November 17 at a hospital in Niagara Falls, NY, at the age of 88, wrote: "I vividly remember the terrible stench caused by diarrhea and the open sores on his ankles. prisoner. de l'eau' ('Give me water'), they begged.
The last US ambassador to South Vietnam, Graham Martin, said Mr. Luce's "multifaceted activities" were the main driving force behind public and Congressional opposition to the war.
William Hammond, Army historian of the Vietnam War, dies aged 79
Mr. Luce was expelled from South Vietnam in 1971, but not before another attack from within. An open letter from Mr. Luce from Saigon (now Ho Chi Minh City) appeared in newspapers across the United States, describing the fate of an 18-year-old student who was arrested by South Vietnamese agents for his crimes. suspected of helping the North. In prison, the student's legs were paralyzed from constant shackling and he was dying of tuberculosis, Mr. Luce wrote.
"I am writing to say that you and I are responsible for this man," Luce wrote. "Our taxes are paying an ever-growing police force to intensify repression."
Months later, after returning to the United States, Luce helped found the Indochina Itinerant Education Project, which traveled the country in a pickup truck condemning the war and the American alliance. United States with South Vietnam. Mr. Luce, always soft-spoken, would calmly and methodically explain the mistakes and brutalities of the war. At an event in Michigan, a Vietnam veteran shouted, "You are saying exactly how it is."
At a Senate hearing in 1976 — a year after Saigon fell to North Vietnamese forces — the former United States Ambassador Martin said Luce was part of "one of the best propaganda and pressure campaigns the world has ever seen."
Even before the tiger case was revealed, Mr. Luce had established himself as a prominent voice against the war. In 1967, Mr. Luce resigned International Voluntary Servicean aid group founded by the church that also receives funding from the US government.
"We find it increasingly difficult to quietly pursue our main goal: to help the Vietnamese people," read the open letter to the President. Lyndon B. Johnson, signed by nearly 50 people including Mr. Luce. "A war as it is now being waged is self-defeating."
The Johnson administration treated the letter as a blow. These were young and idealistic Americans in South Vietnam who turned their backs on the war.
Mr. Luce and a former International Volunteers colleague, John Sommer, followed up the letter with a 1969 book, ""Vietnam: Unheard Voices." They argue that American tactics, such as the destruction of villages and farmland, and ignorance of Vietnamese culture have helped increase the ranks of anti-American guerrillas.
"We are trying to find a way for the Vietnamese to have a voice in the debate," Mr. Luce said.
During several public appearances in the 1970s, Mr. Luce carried objects made from war scraps: baskets woven from radio cords and metal combs of machines. plane was shot down.
"There is a Vietnamese folk saying," he told the audience, "that you can make the most beautiful things out of weapons of war."
Donald Sanders Luce was born on September 20, 1934, in East Calais, Vt., where his father ran a 200-acre dairy farm and his mother was a teacher. He received a degree in farm management from the University of Vermont in 1956 and a master's degree from Cornell University in 1958.
He then joined the International Volunteer Service, which would become one of the role models for the Peace Corps. There are no major U.S. combat forces in the region, but the stage is poised for conflict. The split caused by the Cold War only deepened after the French-led forces withdrew in 1954.
Mr. Luce started learning the language by playing a game of dice with a teenage boy in the Central Highlands.
In 1961, Mr. Luce was appointed national director of the agency as the agency expanded into teaching and community development. In the mid-1960s – with US military involvement growing – agency volunteers were increasingly threatened by guerrillas or caught up in the crossfire.
After leaving the agency, Mr. Luce worked briefly as a research associate at Cornell and then, in 1968, returned to South Vietnam with a press commission from the Education Council. World Association. He mainly took on the role of guide or interpreter for journalists covering the war, including Morley is safer of CBS and Carl Robinson of the Associated Press.
Opinion: A single photo can change the world. I know, because I took one.
After the story of the tiger cage — forcing the South Vietnamese to shut down the website — Mr. Luce was informed by South Vietnamese officials that his press card would be revoked. In early 1971, Mr. Luce said he was regularly monitored. Once, after his apartment was ransacked, he found under his bed sheets a deadly scorpion that locals call a krait. "two steps" because its venom is said to be able to kill you before you can take more than two steps. He left the country on May 5, 1971.
In the 1980s, Mr. Luce rebuilt a new network in Vietnam with programs to combat HIV and AIDS. He was also a source for journalists, traveling with a television crew to Cambodia in 1979 to interview the leader of the Khmer Rouge genocide, Polpotat a chicken dinner at a forest hideout, according to a online bio.
Luce later taught sociology at Niagara County Community College in Sanborn, NY, and served as the director of public relations for the Community Missions of the Niagara Frontier, the organization that runs social services including social services. including homeless shelters and soup kitchens.
Mr. Luce's husband, Mark Bonacci, confirmed his death. The cause was a heart attack.
In 1991, Mr. Luce led a group that included Harkin .'s wife Ruthto the site of the old Con Son prison, Bonacci said. Some people piled in cages to get a feel for the brutal conditions. Within minutes, Bonacci recalled, Ruth Harkin was dizzy from the heat and the rest of the group scrambled to get out, panicking with claustrophobia.
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After a month of Ramadan Kareem finally we have got another Eid-Ul-Fitr. It's the prime festival of all Muslims around the world. As we know, the Eid comes with lots of happiness and smiles to share with our near and dear ones. We hope the blessings of this Eid-ul-fitr will be stay till next Eid-ul-fitr.
Let's fresh our heart again on this Eid and fear almighty Allah who created us and who will account our all sins and virtues.
Let's hug and love all kinds of people by forgetting all past dividing matters.
Oh! Keep yourself safe in every footstep whenever you are in journey, specially on Eid day.
Stay well everywhere and keep my warm wishes attached with your shadows.


text:
June 5, 2010 / 12:39 AM
MLB: San Francisco 6, Pittsburgh 4
PITTSBURGH, June 5 (UPI) -- Two-run homers by Juan Uribe and Aubrey Huff in the sixth inning Friday brought the San Francisco Giants from behind for a 6-4 victory over Pittsburgh.
After the game was delayed at the start by rain, the Pirates scored four unearned runs in the second inning.
The Giants trailed 4-2 going into the sixth but Freddy Sanchez singled with one away against Zach Duke and Uribe hit a homer to center that tied the game.
Buster Posey kept things going with a single and Huff followed with a homer to right.
The rally made a winner out of Jonathan Sanchez (4-4), who gave up five hits and struck out five over 6 1/3 innings.
Pittsburgh's four runs in the second came after a two-out fielding error by Posey at first base.
Duke (3-6) was saddled with the loss after giving up both of the homers in the sixth.
Brian Wilson struck out two in the ninth while recording his 14th save.
Freddy Sanchez


The kick off to the season, and a must record moment. I'm glad to see your big kids still go with you. Love that sweet banner and the woodgrain pp. I like the way you used that string of lights, too.
Great photos! The tree tied to the car roof looks a bit dangerous. I hope the drive wasn't too long. I love the wooden paper and your title work.


Local Rangitukia fishermen and pakeke talk about traditional fishing methods at Te Ngutu Awa o Waiapu, the Rural Housing Programme supports 73 whanau into home ownership with more to come and Radio Ngati Porou celebrates the Manu Waiata 4 finals, it's 8th birthday and RNP's Club 1st anniversary at Uepohatu Hall.
East Coast Rugby Football Union and the NPEC Rugby Team have joined forces with Ngati Porou Hauora to promote smoke free environments and healthy food options to Ngati Porou whanau, Hapu and Iwi, rugby league star Tawera Nikau makes a special trip to Te Puia School to meet 6 year old Dane Riwai who suffers from a rare generic syndrome and Ngati Porou kuia - Peggy Haua and Lady Lorna Ngata receive Queen Service Order medals.
The installation of Bishop William Brown Turei, as the fifth Bishop of Aotearoa heralds a new dawn for the Maori Bishopric of Aotearoa, Ngati Porou lawyer Peter Johnston tells how to get the best out of the Tribunal process and the Runanga continues to represent Ngati Porou whanau and hapu in negotiations with the Crown over the Takutai Moana.
Leading Ngati Porou organisations are preparing to launch the Ngati Porou Business University Strategy initiative targeting Maori scholars in the major New Zealand universities and Ngati Porou Hauora profiles it's newest board member Marijke Warmenhoven.
Ngati Porou Hauora pays homage to the late great Tame Te Maro, the fight for Ngati Porou hapu to retain their traditional rights to the Takutai Moana continues and Radio Ngati Porou website attracts visitors worldwide.
Cultural activist and academic campaigner Koro Dewes receives an honorary Doctor of Literature degree from Victoria University, Radio Ngati Porou launches its new eye catching website, Tourism Ngati Porou's first tourist information centre on the East Coast opens it's doors on Ruatorias main street and Ngati Porou Hauora rural health nurses are awarded prestigious scholarships.


Neo Queen Serenity here with an announcement. You may now receive a warning on the log in screen while using the newest version of Chrome internet browser. This newest update will give a warning on any non "https" web addresses that require a password, such as our log in page.
Our host only offers HTTP at the moment but is working on changing every forum hosted by them to HTTPS. In the mean time, please note nothing is wrong with the forums and that they are secure, just going to be taking it a bit further soon.
This also means, when the forums are switched, we may hit some small kinks in things as not everything interacts with https the same as it does now. Thank you for understanding.
How does this affect Forumotion Forums ?
On the discussion forums, members must log in by entering their username and password. This alert will not affect all HTTP pages, but only those that display a "password" field.
For Forumotion forums, this could typically occur on pages with a field asking to enter a password (Login widget, Quick login display, ...).
Don't be afraid, having this alert does not mean that your forum is not secure. This is a simple indication dictated by the new standards imposed by the use of a secure connection protocol between the web server that hosts your forum and your web browser.
Nevertheless, be aware that the complete transition of your forum in HTTPS mode will require some modifications in the templates. All resources (images, JS, CSS, external services, ...) must be called in HTTPS mode. Otherwise, the forum will not be considered secure.
In any way, we will provide you with more information on this as soon as all technical modifications are ready on our side.
Ah, Forumotion. One issue after the next. I wonder if this is why we were having so many problems the past few months? At least we know that it's getting looked at.


Southern Paranormal investigated the U.S. Marine Hospital on September 26, 2015. This video shows some of the things we found during our time there! Also beow the review video you will find out Pre-Investigation video along with our full invesigation video! We hope you enjoy our journey into the paranormal world. Please visit our favebook page and join our Facebook Group to keep up with our investigations! Click Here to visit our Facebook Page!


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* Fixed issue for credit memo import: Parent/simple items should be refunded correct now.
* Fixed "xtento_trackingimport_mapping_get_fields" event, fields can be customized via the event now.
* Fixed shipment creation logic that sometimes lead to the shipment being created, but the order itself not reflecting "Qty Shipped"
* Fixed error "Fatal error: Class 'Xtento\TrackingImport\Model\Export\Condition\ObjectCondition' not found"
+ Added ability to refund credit memos online - if only one invoice exists for an order, the credit memo will be created against this invoice so an online refund is possible.
* Fixed logic which decides if credit memo should be refunded offline or online.


After 1 good year of hiatus & celebrating its 6th year in the game, Room With A View is back in full effect with a very special 3 tracker by Kyodai, a duo that has been gathering serious momentum after highly celebrated releases on Local Talk, Exploited, Freerange or Pokerflat to name a few.
The famous brother pair has proven to be working hard in the last years recording, remixing & touring extensively. Reknown for their energitic live performances & to have deliver tracks & remixes that have been played by the Who's who of the global House scene, Kyodai have decided to choose RWAV to deliver some very personal tracks.
In 2013 already, they appeared on our label with the uplifting "What You Give" that became on of the key tracks of the live sets of the last 2 years. Enjoying a long 15 years friendship with Dairmount and a common love of hybrid tracks loaded of musicality, Javi & Luis decided to lock themselves in studio last winter inspired by the idea to be the artist chosen to relaunch the label in 2015. The title Times Fly symbolises the longevity of friends that went through 2 decades of creation & exchange. And the result has been as surprising as the pair shaped up a very hypnotic & tribal red line with these new tunes.
The title track "Times Fly" has been recorded in a few hours on a full moon night in their berlin studio, managing to induce a perfect balance of melancholy & tribal rhythms. Quite different of their usual sound signature, the track got everything to conquer the hearts of many different dj's & listeners this summer. "Sacred Ritual" is born of the idea of creating a special tool for Panorama Bar (where the pair just played before their studio time in january) and focusing on the power of drums & percussions. Finally, "You Know It" is reminiscent of their classic Kyodai sound epitomised by their hit Breaking with filtered basslines & catchy samples. The track has been one of the big crowd pleasers of their recent live sets.
"i really think that this is the most interesting release of Kyodai so far. You can hear some recognizing Kyodai sounds, but they are arranged in such a nice and evolving way. This release works as a whole, the tracks seem to coalesce, which is amazing.


Two truths: 1) Fathers are often their children's first real-life superheroes. 2) Children do as we do, not as we say. So dads, our question to you this month is – are you modelling good financial behaviour?
Your kids know that money doesn't really grow on trees, but the important lesson here is that money is valuable. It must be earned, it must be saved. The general idea is to spend less money than you earn and maybe even to save and invest some.
Show your kids that chores can make the perfect "first" job. By helping around the house, whether it be taking out the rubbish, cleaning the table or taking the dogs for a walk, they can start earning pocket money to spend on things they want.
Spend time teaching your kids the value of saving. When they head off to university, college or just move out of the house they will understand what it means to save and budget. Open a savings account for your child and let him/her manage it online. It is the best way to learn about saving.
Giving to those less fortunate is about teaching our children humanity. Encourage your children to either contribute a small portion of their money or their time to a worthy cause.
Are you looking to save towards your child's future educational needs? An African Bank Tax-Free Investment is the perfect way to get started – investfrom as little as R500 per month.


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Star Wars: The Padmé Trilogy #1
Queen's Shadow
E.K. Johnston
The end of her reign is just the beginning...
When Padmé Amidala steps down from her position as Queen of Naboo, she is ready to set aside her title and return to life outside of the spotlight. But to her surprise, the new queen asks Padmé to continue serving their people—this time in the Galactic Senate. Padmé is unsure about the new role but cannot turn down the request, especially since, thanks to her dearest friend—and decoy—Sabé, she can be in two places at once. So while Padmé plunges into politics, Sabé sets off on a mission dear to Padmé's heart.
On the glistening capital planet Coruscant, Padmé's new Senate colleagues regard her with curiosity—and with suspicion for her role in ousting the previous chancellor. Posing as a merchant on Tatooine, Sabé has fewer resources than she thought and fewer options than she needs.
Together with Padmé's loyal handmaidens, Padmé and Sabé must navigate treacherous politics, adapt to constantly changing landscapes, and forge a new identity beyond the queen's shadow.
GenresStar WarsScience FictionYoung AdultFictionFantasyAudiobookSpace Opera
First published March 5, 2019
E.K. Johnston had several jobs and one vocation before she became a published writer. If she's learned anything, it's that things turn out weird sometimes, and there's not a lot you can do about it. Well, that and how to muscle through awkward fanfic because it's about a pairing she likes.
You can follow Kate on Twitter (@ek_johnston) to learn more about Alderaanian political theory than you really need to know, or on Tumblr (ekjohnston) if you're just here for pretty pictures.


Check out the RLINS Institute Courses and Syllabus 2018. Candidates who have got the admission in RLINS Institute are searching for the RLINS Institute Courses and Syllabus details 2018.(RLINS இன்ஸ்டிடியூட் படிப்புகள் & பாடத்திட்டம்)So, in this article I am going to give the detailed information about the RLINS Institute Courses and Syllabus.Here you can also check the Syllabus for all the courses semester wise. The details of various academic programs offered by the RLINS Institute are also mentioned in this article. The Syllabus for various courses are also provided in our website.The Institute offers under graduate, post graduate courses with various specializations.
RL Institute of Nautical Sciences is one of the best institutes in Tamil Nadu for Marine Sciences. The Institute offers high quality maritime education to the students. Students who are interested in shipping industry can join in this Institute for the best training in shipping provided by the Institute. This Institute offers B.Tech (Marine Engineering), GME, ETO, OCCP, HVSSG. To get the admission in this Institute students have to attend the Indian Maritime Online Common Entrance Test(IMU -CET) conducted by the Institute.Candidates will get the admission based on the marks obtained in the test. This article gives you the information about the RLINS Institute admissions,Eligibility Criteria etc.
Graduate Marine Engineering (GME) – 1 year program for Degree holders in Mechanical Engineering /Naval Architecture.
Click on "Courses" tab on the homepage.
Click on the required course to view the syllabus.
Here you can find the syllabus, eligibility criteria, fee structure etc of each course.
We have provided RLINS Institute Courses and Syllabus 2018 in this article. Students are requested to share this article with their friends. Students who want to know more details about the Courses & Syllabus can visit the Official website or keeping visiting our website for the updates.


The Vacuum Commuter Mug is a vacuum insulated mug made of durable stainless steel. The mug secures the temperature of both cold and hot beverages.
The tight-fitting silicon sealed lid, simple locking switch, and double-walled insulation keep your drink cold or hot on your way to work or by the campfire.
The compact design takes up minimal space and accommodates a variety of vehicle cup holders.


Book online or to make a booking you can call us on 01698 284379 or email us on info@leonardoshamilton.co.uk.
Our aim is to provide you with an authentic Italian restaurant and dining experience, at an excellent and affordable price.
Read our reviews from our regular customers. We are also on trip adviser where a link can be found below.
At Leonardo's Italian restaurant we believe in keeping it simple – Top quality Italian food prepared freshly on our premises served by attentive waiting staff, we want to ensure you enjoy your Italian gourmet food so much that you will return time and time again.
Our food is aimed at most importantly being tasty and pricing competitive – all in what you get is excellent fresh Italian cuisine at an excellent price.
At Leonardo's we use the freshest ingredients to bring you incredible handmade Italian pizzas and delicious homemade pasta dishes. Our chefs also specialise in the finest Italian Meat Dishes, Italian Fish Dishes and Italian chicken.
We change our menus daily with chef's specialities and mouth watering sweets like tiramisu and daily specials to choose from. Our wine list is extensive and our beers and spirits selection. We welcome families and have a large selection of highchairs.
We are based in Barrack Street, Hamilton, Lanarkshire – the restaurant was previously known as Valentinos. We are situated next to the University of West of Scotland. There is ample car parking outside the front door.


text:
You appear to have a browser or browser settings that may interfere with your enjoyment of this site. For more information see the recommended browser page.
Admin details here
Free Library of Philadelphia, Chestnut Street at 12th The building with three large windows on the top half, between each are two signs: "The Free Library of Philadelphia." The face of the building is covered by a fire escape. Guard stands at the entrance of the Library. Another door to the left has storefront windows on either side, on the window to the left: "1221 The Free Library of Philadelphia, Children's Room, open from noon until 7 p.m., on Saturdays from 9 a.m. until 7 p.m."; on the window to the right: "1221 The Free Library of Philadelphia, Public Documents Department in the basement, open from 9 a.m. until 5 p.m." The first floor on the right side of the building is a restaurant: "Hanscom's Restaurant, candy, pastry," "Cafeteria, help yourself, lunch in basement." Sign extending over sidewalk and above the awning: "Candies, pastry, Hanscom's Restaurant." Building to the right has electric sign on upper section: "Orphe[?] playe[?] to nig[ht?], Fightin[g?] Hope," and below this a sign: "Attractive plays." The building to the left of the Library has at the top: "[?oudream," below this: "[?] sale, [Ch]estnut St., 101' x 150'-5 1/2", [?] and Brown, [?] Walnut Sts." The first floor of the building is covered in advertisements: "Three Million Dollars, a musical corporation, 100 Heiresses, spendthrifts in the firm, Forrest 3 [?] Aug 29," "The Fighting Hope," and other fragments of signs. Street lamp in the foreground.
© Copyright 2001- City of Philadelphia. For comments and suggestions, please contact info@phillyhistory.org. This application was designed and developed by Azavea.


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The Alpha 21264 is a Digital Equipment Corporation RISC microprocessor launched on 19 October 1998. The 21264 implemented the Alpha instruction set architecture (ISA).

Description
The Alpha 21264 is a four-issue superscalar microprocessor with out-of-order execution and speculative execution. It has a peak execution rate of six instructions per cycle and could sustain four instructions per cycle. It has a seven-stage instruction pipeline.

Out of order execution
At any given stage, the microprocessor could have up to 80 instructions in various stages of execution, surpassing any other contemporary microprocessor.

Decoded instructions are held in instruction queues and are issued when their operands are available. The integer queue contained 20 entries and the floating-point queue 15. Each queue could issue as many instructions as there were pipelines.

Ebox
The Ebox executes integer, load and store instructions. It has two integer units, two load store units and two integer register files. Each integer register file contained 80 entries, of which 32 are architectural registers, 40 are rename registers and 8 are PAL shadow registers. There was no entry for register R31 because in the Alpha architecture, R31 is hardwired to zero and is read-only.

Each register file served an integer unit and a load store unit, and the register file and its two units are referred to as a "cluster". The two clusters were designated U0 and U1. This scheme was used as it reduced the number of write and read ports required to serve operands and receive results, thus reducing the physical size of the register file, enabling the microprocessor to operate at higher clock frequencies. Writes to any of the register files thus have to be synchronized, which required a clock cycle to complete, negatively impacting performance by one percent. The reduction of performance resulting from the synchronization was compensated in two ways. Firstly, the higher clock frequency achievable offset the loss. Secondly, the logic responsible for instruction issue avoided creating situations where the register file had to be synchronized by issuing instructions that were not dependent on data held in other register file where possible.

The clusters are near identical except for two differences: U1 has a seven-cycle pipelined multiplier while U0 has a three-cycle pipeline for executing Motion Video Instructions (MVI), an extension to the Alpha Architecture defining single instruction multiple data (SIMD) instructions for multimedia.

The load store units are simple arithmetic logic units used to calculate virtual addresses for memory access. They are also capable of executing simple arithmetic and logic instructions. The Alpha 21264 instruction issue logic utilized this capability, issuing instructions to these units when they were available for use (not performing address arithmetic).

The Ebox therefore has four 64-bit adders, four logic units, two barrel shifters, byte-manipulation logic, two sets of conditional branch logic equally divided between U1 and U0.

Fbox
The Fbox is responsible for executing floating-point instructions. It consists of two floating-point pipelines and a floating-point register file. The pipelines are not identical, one executes the majority of instructions and the other only multiply instructions. The adder pipeline has two non-pipelined units connected to it, a divide unit and a square root unit. Adds, multiplies and most other instructions have a 4-cycle latency, a double-precision divide has 16-cycle latency and a double-precision square root has a 33-cycle latency. The floating point register file contains 72 entries, of which 32 are architectural registers and 40 are rename registers.

Cache
The Alpha 21264 has two levels of cache, a primary cache and secondary cache. The level three (L3, or "victim") cache of the Alpha 21164 was not used due to problems with bandwidth.

Primary caches
The primary cache is split into separate caches for instructions and data ("modified Harvard architecture"), the I-cache and D-cache, respectively. Both caches have a capacity of 64 KB. The D-cache is dual-ported by transferring data on both the rising and falling edges of the clock signal. This method of dual-porting enabled any combination of reads or writes to the cache every processor cycle. It also avoided duplication the cache so there are two, as in the Alpha 21164. Duplicating the cache restricted the capacity of the cache, as it required more transistors to provide the same amount of capacity, and in turn increased the area required and power consumed.

B-cache
The secondary cache, termed the B-cache, is an external cache with a capacity of 1 to 16 MB. It is controlled by the microprocessor and is implemented by synchronous static random access memory (SSRAM) chips that operate at two thirds, half, one-third or one-fourth the internal clock frequency, or 133 to 333 MHz at 500 MHz. The B-cache was accessed with a dedicated 128-bit bus that operates at the same clock frequency as the SSRAM or at twice the clock frequency if double data rate SSRAM is used. The B-cache is direct-mapped.

Branch prediction
Branch prediction is performed by a tournament branch prediction algorithm. The algorithm was developed by Scott McFarling at Digital's Western Research Laboratory (WRL) and was described in a 1993 paper. This predictor was used as the Alpha 21264 has a minimum branch misprediction penalty of seven cycles. Due to the instruction cache's two cycle latency and the instruction queues, the average branch misprediction penalty is 11 cycles. The algorithm maintains two history tables, Local and Global, and the table used to predict the outcome of a branch is determined by a Choice predictor.

The local predictor is a two-level table which records the history of individual branches. It consists of a 1,024-entry by 10-bit branch history table. A two-level table was used as the prediction accuracy is similar to that of a larger single-level table while requiring fewer bits of storage. It has a 1,024-entry branch prediction table. Each entry is a 3-bit saturating counter. The value of the counter determines whether the current branch is taken or not taken.

The global predictor is a single-level, 4096-entry branch history table.  Each entry is a 2-bit saturating counter; the value of this counter determines whether the current branch is taken or not taken.

The choice predictor records the history of the local and global predictors to determine which predictor is the best for a particular branch. It has a 4,096-entry branch history table. Each entry is a 2-bit saturating counter. The value of the counter determines if the local or global predictor is used.

External interface
The external interface consisted of a bidirectional 64-bit double data rate (DDR) data bus and two 15-bit unidirectional time-multiplexed address and control buses, one for signals originating from the Alpha 21264 and one for signals originating from the system. Digital licensed the bus to Advanced Micro Devices (AMD), and it was subsequently used in their Athlon microprocessors, where it was known as the EV6 bus.

Memory addressing
Alpha 21264 CPU supports 48-bit or 43-bit virtual address (256 TiB or 8 TiB virtual address space respectively), selectable under IPR control (using VA_CTL control register). Alpha 21264 supports a 44-bit physical address (up to 16 TiB of physical memory). This is an increase from previous Alpha CPUs (43-bit virtual and 40-bit physical for Alpha 21164, and 43-bit virtual and 34-bit physical for Alpha 21064).

Fabrication
The Alpha 21264 contained 15.2 million transistors. The logic consisted of approximately six million transistors, with the rest contained in the caches and branch history tables. The die measured 16.7 mm by 18.8 mm (313.96 mm²). It was fabricated in a 0.35 μm complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) process with six levels of interconnect.

Packaging
The Alpha 21264 was packaged in a 587-pin ceramic interstitial pin grid array (IPGA).

Alpha Processor, Inc. later sold the Alpha 21264 in a Slot B package containing the microprocessor mounted on a printed circuit board with the B-cache and voltage regulators. The design was intended to use the success of slot-based microprocessors from Intel and AMD. Slot B was originally developed to be used by AMD's Athlon as well, so that API could obtain materials for the Slot B at commodity prices in order to reduce the cost of the Alpha 21264 to gain a wider market share. This never materialized as AMD chose to use Slot A for their slot-based Athlons.

Derivatives

Alpha 21264A

The Alpha 21264A, code-named EV67 was a shrink of the Alpha 21264 introduced in late 1999. There were six versions: 600, 667, 700, 733, 750, 833 MHz. The EV67 was the first Alpha microprocessor to implement the count extension (CIX), which extended the instruction set with instructions for performing population count. It was fabricated by Samsung Electronics in a 0.25 μm CMOS process that had 0.25 μm transistors but 0.35 μm metal layers. The die had an area of 210 mm². The EV68 used a 2.0 V power supply. It dissipated a maximum of 73 W at 600 MHz, 80 W at 667 MHz, 85 W at 700 MHz, 88 W at 733 MHz and 90 W at 750 MHz.

Alpha 21264B
The Alpha 21264B is a further development for increased clock frequencies. There were two models, one fabricated by IBM, code-named EV68C, and one by Samsung, code-named EV68A.

The EV68A was fabricated in a 0.18 μm CMOS process with aluminium interconnects. It had a die size of 125 mm², a third smaller than the Alpha 21264A, and used a 1.7 V power supply. It was available in volume in 2001 at clock frequencies of 750, 833, 875 and 940 MHz. The EV68A dissipated a maximum of 60 W at 750 MHz, 67 W at 833 MHz, 70 W at 875 MHz and 75 W at 940 MHz.

The EV68C was fabricated in a 0.18 μm CMOS process with copper interconnects. It was sampled in early 2000 and achieved a maximum clock frequency of 1.25 GHz.

In September 1998, Samsung announced they would fabricate a variant of the Alpha 21264B in a 0.18 μm fully depleted silicon-on-insulator (SOI) process with copper interconnects that was capable of achieving a clock frequency of 1.5 GHz. This version never materialized.

Alpha 21264C
The Alpha 21264C, code-named EV68CB was a derivative of the Alpha 21264. It was available at clock frequencies of 1.0, 1.25 and 1.33 GHz. The EV68CB contained 15.5 million transistors and measured 120 mm². It was fabricated by IBM in a 0.18 μm CMOS process with seven levels of copper interconnect and low-K dielectric. It was packaged in a 675-pad flip-chip ceramic land grid array (CLGA) measuring 49.53 by 49.53 mm. The EV68CB used a 1.7 V power supply, dissipating a maximum of 64 W at 1.0 GHz, 75 W at 1.25 GHz and 80 W at 1.33 GHz.

Alpha 21264D
The Alpha 21264D, code-named EV68CD is a faster derivative fabricated by IBM.

Alpha 21264E
The Alpha 21264E, code-named EV68E, was a cancelled derivative developed by Samsung first announced on 10 October 2000 at Microprocessor Forum 2000 slated for introduction at around mid-2001. Improvements were a higher operating frequency of 1.25 GHz and the addition of an on-die 1.85 MB secondary cache. It was to be fabricated in a 0.18 micrometre CMOS process with copper interconnects.

Chipsets
Digital and Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) both developed chipsets for the Alpha 21264.

21272/21274
The Digital 21272, also known as the Tsunami, and the 21274, also known as the Typhoon, were the first chipset for the Alpha 21264. The 21272 chipset supported one- or two-way multiprocessing and up to 8GB of memory, while the 21274 supported one-, two-, three- or four-way multiprocessing, up to 64GB of memory, and both supported one or two 64-bit 33 MHz PCI buses. They had 128- to 512-bit memory bus which operated at 83 MHz, yielding a maximum bandwidth of 5,312 MB/s. The chipset supported 100 MHz registered ECC SDRAM.

The chipset consisted of three devices, a C-chip, a D-chip and a P-chip. The number of devices which made up the chipset varied as it was determined by the configuration of the chipset. The C-chip is the control chip containing the memory controller. One C-chip was required for every microprocessor.

The P-chip is the PCI controller, implementing a 33 MHz PCI bus. The 21272 could have one or two P-chips.

The D-chip is the DRAM controller, implementing access to/from the CPUs, and to/from the P-chip.  The 21272 could have two or four D-chips and the 21274 could have two, four, or eight D-chips.

The 21272 and 21274 were used extensively by Digital, Compaq and Hewlett Packard in their entry-level to mid-range AlphaServers and in all models of the AlphaStation. It was also used in third-party products from Alpha Processor, Inc. (later known as API NetWorks) such as their UP2000+ motherboard.

Irongate

AMD developed two Alpha 21264-compatible chipsets, the Irongate, also known as the AMD-751, and its successor, Irongate-2, also known as the AMD-761. These chipsets were developed for their Athlon microprocessors but due to AMD licensing the EV6 bus used in the Alpha from Digital, the Athlon and Alpha 21264 were compatible in terms of bus protocol. The Irongate was used by Samsung in their UP1000 and UP1100 motherboards. The Irongate-2 was used by Samsung in their UP1500 motherboard.

See also
 AlphaVM: A full DEC Alpha system emulator running on Windows or Linux. It contains a high-performance emulator of the Alpha CPU.
 Clustered Multi-threading
 Alpha 21364
 Alpha 21464

Notes

References
 Compaq Computer Corporation (July 1999). Alpha 21264 Microprocessor Hardware Reference Manual.
 Compaq Computer Corporation (June 2001). 21264/EV68CB and 21264/EV68DC Hardware Reference Manual.
 Compaq Computer Corporation (March 2002). 21264/EV67 Microprocessor Hardware Reference Manual.
 Compaq Computer Corporation (March 2002). 21264/EV68A Microprocessor Hardware Reference Manual.
 Gronowski, Paul E. et al. (1998). "High Performance Microprocessor Design". IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, Volume 33, Number 5, pp. 676–686.
 Gwennap, Linley (28 October 1996). "Digital 21264 Sets New Standard". Microprocessor Report, Volume 10, Number 14. MicroDesign Resources.
 Kessler, R. E.; McLellan, E. J. and Webb, D. A. (1998) "The Alpha 21264 Microprocessor Architecture". Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Design: VLSI in Computers and Processors. pp. 90–95.
 Kessler, R. E. (1999). "The Alpha 21264 Microprocessor". IEEE Micro, March–April 1999. pp. 24–36.
 Leibholz, Daniel and Razdan, Rahul (1997). "The Alpha 21264: A 500 MHz Out-of-Order Execution Microprocessor". Proceedings of Compcon '97. pp. 28–36.
 Matson, M. et al. "Circuit Implementation of a 600MHz Superscalar RISC Microprocessor". Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Design: VLSI in Computers and Processors. pp. 104–110.

Further reading

 Benschneider, B.J. et al. (2000). "A 1 GHz Alpha microprocessor". ISSCC Digest of Technical Papers, pp. 86–87.
 Clouser, J. et al. (July 1999). "A 600-MHz superscalar floating-point processor". IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 34 (7): pp. 1026–1029.
 Fischer, T.; Leibholz, D. (1998). "Design trade offs in stall-control circuits for 600 MHz instruction queues". ISSCC Digest of Technical Papers, pp. 232–234, 444.
 Gieseke, B.A. et al. (1997). "A 600 MHz superscalar RISC microprocessor with out-of-order execution". ISSCC Digest of Technical Papers, pp. 176–177, 451.
 Gronowski, Paul E. et al. (May 1998). "High-performance microprocessor design". IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 33 (5): pp. 676–686.
 Hokinson, R. et al. (2001). "Design and migration challenges for an Alpha microprocessor in a 0.18 μm copper process". ISSCC Digest of Technical Papers, pp. 320–321, 460.

DEC microprocessors
Superscalar microprocessors
64-bit microprocessors


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Bank of America and the Power of Unintended Consequences
Morgan Housel, The Motley Fool, AOL.com
Oct 3rd 2011 12:43PM
They say social networking sites are the best way to gauge how the world feels about something. So when Bank of America (NYS: BAC) announced last week that it was going to begin charging $5 a month for most customers who use a debit card, I checked to see what Twitter had to say. No surprises:
"Bank of America is like a man who's been saved from a burning building and then kicks the fireman in the ----," said one customer.
"It's illegal to rob a Bank of America, but legal for Bank of America to rob you of 5 dollars every month for spending your own money," wrote another.
"$5 a month to use my OWN MONEY?"
"Loan to the rich, steal from the poor."
"Blood boiling."
The outrage is understandable. When something that used to be free suddenly costs money, you feel abused. When the charges come from a bank that gulped tens of billions of dollars in bailout money, you feel robbed.
But the anger is misguided. Bank of America isn't charging a new fee to rip you off, or to goose its profits. It's doing so in response to new regulatory changes in the debit card market. Someone is to blame for the new $5-a-month fee, but it's not Bank of America.
B of A is hardly alone here. SunTrust (NYS: STI) recently announced a $5-a-month fee for debit card usage as well. Wells Fargo (NYS: WFC) is testing a $3-a-month debit card fee. Ditto for JPMorganChase (NYS: JPM) . Citigroup (NYS: C) just raised the monthly fee of its basic checking account by 25%. Even credit unions that are quick to advertise that they still offer free checking have reduced or eliminated rewards in recent months.
Why the changes, and why now?
As of Oct. 1, new regulations cap the amount banks can charge in so-called interchange fees. These fees are collected by payment processors Visa (NYS: V) and MasterCard (NYS: MA) every time you swipe your credit or debit card, and are borne by merchants.
Here's how it had worked. Say you spend $100 at the grocery store. Visa and MasterCard extract a few pennies in processing fees, and your bank receives a 1%-3% interchange fee for providing the cash. The grocer in this case nets about $97 in proceeds.
But with new rules that became law this weekend, interchange fees on debit transactions are now capped at $0.21 plus 0.05% of each transaction, down from an average of $0.44 per transaction.
Banks had relied on these interchange fees to cover the cost of checking accounts. And, yes, checking accounts do cost money to maintain; banks weren't offering a free service because they wanted to do something nice for you. People who complain that banks are now charging to access your own money are missing a key point: Banks are charging so they can cover the cost of letting you keep your money secure, and available in ATMs all across the country.
Being outraged at this is like being outraged that storage units charge money just to let you store your own stuff. The storage company has overhead, and so do banks. According to a report by Marsh & McLennan, it costs banks between $250 and $300 a year to maintain a checking account, and half of all checking accounts are unprofitable for banks, since they don't hold nearly enough cash to lend out and earn a significant net-interest profit. Now that interchange fees have been capped at half of previous averages, banks have to seek new ways to recoup costs. In come the monthly fees.
How much will banks need to recoup? One report by the Federal Reserve estimates interchange revenue will drop by between $33 billion and $39 billion over the next two years. It concluded: "To offset these lost revenues, banks and credit unions will increase fees to their retail customers." There's good precedent for this. Since Australia capped interchange fees in 2003, "costs for card users, such as annual and other fees, have increased," a report by the Government Accountability Office found.
The biggest irony: The whole point of the new interchange fee cap was to provide relief for businesses selling small-ticket items, like coffee and newspapers, which were getting crushed by interchange fees. But rather than reducing interchange fees on small-ticket transactions, the new rules sent them through the roof.
In the past, small-ticket transactions were charged an average of 1.55% plus $0.04 in interchange fees. According to Bloomberg, Visa and MasterCard are now going to seek the maximum $0.21 plus 0.05% on all transactions. That turns the fee structure on small-ticket items upside down. For a $2 transaction, the old rules generated a $0.07 interchange fee. Today, it will be $0.22. MasterCard responded tellingly: "As we have noted throughout this process, setting price caps will -- and has -- created distortions in the market."
No one's better off, everyone's upset. Behold the power of unintended consequences.
At the time this article was published Fool contributor Morgan Housel owns B of A preferred. Follow him on Twitter @TMFHousel. The Motley Fool owns shares of Bank of America, JPMorgan Chase, MasterCard, and Citigroup. The Fool owns shares of and has created a ratio put spread position on Wells Fargo. Motley Fool newsletter services have recommended buying shares of Visa. Try any of our Foolish newsletter services free for 30 days. We Fools may not all hold the same opinions, but we all believe that considering a diverse range of insights makes us better investors. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.