Amid the serious threat of extremism within Pakistan's large young adult population, author Raheem ul Haque explores the process of youth radicalization and recommends how policymakers can best confront the growing challenge.
Pakistani leaders face serious domestic extremism challenges; more than 47,000 thousand lives have been lost in terrorism-related violence in Pakistan over the past decade.
Effective counter-radicalization processes must take into account Pakistan's large young adult population (ages 15-29), which collectively accounts for at least 30 percent of the overall population.
Youth radicalization in Pakistan can be understood as the product of an exclusively Islamic identity—meaning a majority of youth identify primarily through their religion over nationality— combined with a broader reactive movement comprised of militant, political and missionary organizations.
A variety of religious, political and militant organizations operating within Pakistan, some with the tacit or active support of the state, have fostered an enabling environment for radicalization and at times violent action. Some groups provide forums for interaction and connections with more militant actors, while others carry out the whole range of social, political and violent activity.
When radical groups can popularize an exclusive Islamic or sectarian identity, even nonviolent organizations can become connected or aligned with more radical organizations and concepts.
Confronting youth radicalization in Pakistan requires a holistic approach that supports political, social and educational alternatives to exclusionary Islamic identities, reducing the space for groups that espouse violence in the name of an exclusive Islamic identity.
Based in part on USIP-supported surveys and focus group interviews conducted in Lahore, Pakistan from late 2011 to spring 2013 with a range of youth, author Raheem ul Haque provides a theoretical framework for understanding the process of youth radicalization in Pakistan. The author is a research fellow at the Forman Christian College Centre for Public Policy and Governance in Lahore, Pakistan; the views expressed here are his own.
Within the past decade, more than 47,000 people have been killed in terrorism-related violence in Pakistan.1 Attacks by domestic terrorist organizations have implications for physical security, but they also impact the domestic social and political fabric. The surge in attacks in Pakistan has often been attributed to external factors, particularly the conflict in neighboring Afghanistan or the covert U.S. Predator drone campaign in Pakistan's Federally Administrated Tribal Areas, but most violence is carried out by Pakistani militant actors targeting their fellow citizens.
Despite the costs borne by Pakistani victims of terror, some segments of Pakistani society continue to sympathize, justify or at times even directly support violence, providing an "enabling environment" within which militant groups and their affiliates are able to operate. This support, whether tacit or active, is particularly concerning when it is expressed by members of Pakistan's large young adult (ages 15-29) population, which collectively accounts for 30 percent of the overall population.2 Pakistan's youth bulge is projected to persist for at least another three decades3 and can either be an asset or a liability for the country depending on how effectively this segment of the population is integrated into society. In either case, the youth population is bound to define the future course of the country, which is currently mired in multiple crises.
Based in part on surveys and focus group interviews conducted in Lahore from late 2011 to spring 2013 with a range of youth, this brief posits that youth radicalization in Pakistan can be understood as the product of a closed Islamic identity combined with a broader reactive movement comprised of militant, political and missionary organizations.4 As the new national government led by Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif grapples with how to formulate a response to terrorism conducted by extremist groups, it must contend with the domestic roots of the threat, a key component of which will be to counter radicalization of the youth population at large.
Pakistan's formation as a state specifically intended to represent the former British India's Muslim population and conscious state-led 'Islamization' efforts under the dictatorship of former General Zia ul-Haq in the 1980s, have encouraged the spread of individual exclusivist identities among Pakistani youth and adults. These are furthered by political and religious groups that seek to define themselves in alignment with Islam and in opposition to all else, including indigenous culture.
In surveys of Lahori youth conducted for this piece and in other previous studies, young Pakistani respondents expressed high levels of identification with religious-based values systems.5 For example, in one survey 88 percent of educated youth in elite school institutions stated that religion was their primary identity and 50 percent considered their national identity to be dependent on their Islamic identity.6 In another countrywide survey, 75 percent identified themselves as Muslims, as compared to just 14 percent as Pakistani, suggesting that their religious identity was far more important than their nationality.7 At the extremes, this form of closed, homogenized self-identity can increase youth propensity to radicalization, leading them to accept or at times even justify violence conducted against other groups in the name of Islam.
Violent terrorist attacks are not the product of a single actor operating in isolation, but are instead embedded in a larger social and political milieu. Indeed, violent radicalization can be represented as a pyramid, with the active terrorist at the top, the religious-political organizations in the middle and the missionary Islamic organizations at the bottom. Linkages between these three levels create an "enabling environment" that enhance the means and opportunities to advance an Islamic identity-based social movement and, in effect, the radicalization of youth to potentially militant causes.
the loosely-coupled model, where a shared space facilitates interaction between nominal sympathizers, supporters and militant actors. For example, a mosque or large congregations of missionary organizations, such as the Tableeghi Jamaat, allows for literatures of all levels to be distributed, and political and militant activists have the opportunity to interact with lower level sympathizers.
the encapsulating model, whereby an entire social network has been mobilized to form a large organizational form, encapsulating all three levels of the pyramid. For example, the Jamaat-ud-Dawa acts as a proselytizing actor with a network of mosques and educational institutions, as well as a service oriented NGO; it has increasingly taken on a political role through its messaging on culture and politics, while its militant role as the banned Lashkar-e-Taiba has been well documented.
Though the methodology of missionary organizations may be peaceful, the acceptance of their message increases the likelihood that youth will also accept the message of religious-political or militant groups as being absolute.
For example, missionary organizations such as the male-focused Tableeghi Jamaat and the female-oriented Al-Huda, which have the largest public reach, have the potential to increase youth receptiveness to more radical groups by reinforcing messages of a primarily Islamic identity, through the rejection of indigenous ethnic, national or tribal identities as well as foreign cultural and political signifiers. By popularizing an exclusive Islamic or sectarian identity, they may contribute to align-ment with more radical organizations, and the rejection of pluralistic politics.
Religious political parties like Jamaat-e-Islami and the JUI have generally maintained a cordial relationship with the state and participated in the electoral political process, endorsing violent jihad only in select situations, such as Pakistan's policy in Kashmir or Afghanistan in the 1980s and 1990s. Most militant organizations such as the Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan and Lashkar-e-Jhangvi instead pick up this thread at the extremes, calling for youth to join in violent jihad. Militant jihad presents a call for revolutionary action to achieve the same goals, a just Islamic order against an unjust and un-Islamic system of governance at the domestic as well as at the global scale against infidels and persecutors of Muslims. While general goals are common, differences in the under-standing of a just Islamic order and competition for power also leads to sectarian violence against fellow Muslims and intra-Islamist violence. The Pakistani state has historically allowed ample space for many Islamist organizations to operate, recruit and mobilize support, including in some cases active militant and sectarian organizations. The Pakistani military's historical practice of selective support for certain militant actors in order to support regional policy objectives in neighboring Afghanistan or India has helped build a resource base for not just militant but also nonmilitant organizations serving bridging or encapsulating roles.
Today, a vibrant free market of 232 religious organizations and militant groups exists within the country; 100 of them have their headquarters in Punjab and 71 in Lahore alone.9 Some militant groups operate openly in the country — establishing parallel educational or training institutions, collecting or extorting financial donations, and distributing published materials and media. The state's education system also facilitates these groups, who are often able to fill a vacuum left open by low levels of public education provision. The strength of these organizations leads to better marketing and recruitment, enabling them to draw youth from lower ends of the radicalization "pyramid" upward toward active militancy.
In this assessment, youth radicalization in Pakistan emerges from the interlinking of an exclusively Islamic identity, and a strong and unchecked Islamic identity-based social movement, which has greater opportunities to promote its message and mobilize resources within the Pakistani political and security framework.
Confronting youth radicalization in Pakistan requires a holistic approach that, in addition to police actions against militant organizations, also supports political, social and educational alternatives to this narrow Islamic identity. Only a comprehensive approach can disempower the groups espousing violence in the name of a reactive Islamic identity.
Publicize and support alternative discourse and world view linked to an inclusive reli-gious meaning in all public domains, including physical and virtual spaces. Strengthen civil society initiatives to reform the education curriculum, and engage large media house executives to support programming that covers inter-faith and inter-sectarian harmony, tolerance, and diversity within the religious framework. Additionally, support similar initiatives in social media, which is the single most important source of information for the youth.
Encourage the celebration of local cultural diversity and establish centers to ensure youth participation in cultural activities, social clubs and professional and sports organizations. Currently most public schools, colleges and universities are bereft of student unions, student clubs and extra-curricular activities. Lower cost private institutions experience similar shortages, as do low-income communities where most youth do not attend school. Art councils supporting literature, arts and music currently exist only in large cities, and should be strengthened and expanded. Youth centers for low-income communities and extracurricular activities for public educational institutions can be supported by nongovernmental organizations, private institutions and education leaders, combining cultural activities and vocational skills.
Promote greater inter-provincial, inter-national and inter-religious interaction among the youth. Support civil society and inter-college youth-led initiatives through student clubs that use inexpensive technology for regular interactive discussion among the youth of different provinces, sects, religions and nationalities. Additionally, engage universities and colleges to initiate courses on peace and conflict resolution while also bringing together youth for interactive workshops.
Because radicalization of Pakistani youth stems from cultural socialization in a strictly religion-bound identity, a deradicalization strategy needs to focus on opening up the social identity by strengthening other identity constituents.
"Fatalities in Terrorist Violence in Pakistan 2003-2013," South Asia Terrorism Portal. New Delhi: The Institute for Conflict Management. http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/pakistan/database/casualties.htm.
"Chapter 7: Population, Labour Force and Employment" references National Institute for Population Studies, Pakistan Economic Survey, http://www.finance.gov.pk/survey/chapters_13/12-Population.pdf.
Moeed Yusuf, "A Society on the Precipice: Examining the Prospects of Youth Radicalization in Pakistan," in Reaping the Dividend, Woodrow Wilson Center, 2011, pages 76-112.
Raheem ul Haque, "Youth Radicalization in Punjab," Framework for Youth Policy and De-radicalization, Centre for Public Policy and Governance, forthcoming.
Ayesha Siddiqa, Red Hot Chilli Peppers Islam: Is the Youth in Elite Universities in Pakistan Radical?, Heinrich Boll Foundation, 2010.
British Council, Pakistan: The Next Generation 2009, http://www.britishcouncil.pk/pakistan-Next-Generation-Report.pdf, (accessed Dec 18, 2012).
Terrorist Organization Profile: Hizbul Mujahideen, National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism, http://www.start.umd.edu/start/data_collections/tops/terrorist_ organization_profile.asp?id=52.
Mohammad Amir Rana, "Evolution of militant groups in Pakistan", Conflict and Peace Studies, Volume 4, Number 2. www.san-pips.com/download.php?f=159.pdf , (Accessed on November 20, 2012).


Did they get paid to give a Next Christmas you'll be my husband sweater? Because if they did then it's simply might not be that they're altruistic, but desperate for money in a world which isn't often very giving? To me an altruistic person is a person that works out how to grow kidneys, so no one has to risk their lives to give a kidney. That is how I see it. They recognize that some people will go too far to help others. Which isn't bad, but I would prefer solutions which involve a lot less risk, and help many people. This to me is altruistic, recognizing just how giving people can be, and allowing them to not need to go so far. Caring about those that care a lot, and preventing them from needing to take risky solutions.
Stephen donating a kidney isn't inherently risky. Your Next Christmas you'll be my husband sweater and does the job your original two would do. Not sure about the states but most countries require donations to be not generated as a result of a cash incentive. Surgery is always risky, and removing vital organs is always a huge risk. It's about intelligence people who don't want to help others are low IQ. Quite well explained! Donating blood is not much problematic. No surprise it being accepted as common. I don't know about bone-marrow though. If it's surgical and effects me for a long time, I'm not going to do it. I'm not rich and on earth, good people are super scarce.
This one is definitely on my Xmas list for my wardrobe.


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As business travel falls, Airbnb sees opportunity in remote work travel
While business travel has been one casualty of the coronavirus pandemic, Airbnb plans to capitalize on the newfound work-life balance that emerged during the shift to remote work.
Airbnb CEO Brian Chesky told CNBC's Jim Cramer Thursday that the home rental company is seeing signs that consumers are leveraging the work-from-anywhere model that companies are adopting to get out of the home and find a change of scenery.
"The lines between traveling and living are starting to blur together," he said in a "Mad Money" interview.
As opposed to just renting Airbnb sites for vacations, more people are using rentals for living purposes, said Chesky, who took the company he founded public last year. The IPO, initially set for early 2020, was delayed to later in the year due to uncertainty around the global pandemic. The travel industry has been one of the hardest-hit parts of the economy due to lockdowns that went in place around the world to contain Covid-19.
Now remote employees have even more flexibility, opting to take more three-day weekends or move into homes for longer periods than before, as long as internet is available to hook up to Zoom for work purposes, Chesky said.
"We think a lot of travel is going to be to smaller cities because people are going to get into cars and travel nearby," he said.
"We really are adaptive and resilient to any kind of travel behavior. That's what we learned last year," he added.
The comments come after Airbnb posted its first quarterly report as a public company. It missed analyst expectations on the bottom line, though it exceeded estimates on the top line.
Airbnb said it made $859 million in fourth-quarter revenue, compared to FactSet estimates of $747 million, and a net loss of $3.89 billion. Much of the losses were blamed on fees it was charged to go public late last year.
On Thursday, Airbnb shares fell hard, closing 9% lower at $182.06, alongside other technology and high-growth stocks during a brutal day on Wall Street.
Year to date, the stock is up 24%.
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Suffering is inevitable; it's what we do with our suffering that matters. We can't avoid it, so why not do something constructive with it? What if we were to look deeply into our suffering and through meditation--earnest examination-- glimpse the flowers that can grow from the composted garbage of our suffering? Vietnamese Buddhist monk, Thich Nhat Hanh, says that without disciplined deep looking, we see only our pain and fear. We are absorbed, even consumed by it.
But in deep looking we can also see the fruit our suffering will bear. We see with the eyes of the Gardener, who prunes and feeds the vines through suffering (John 15). And through the eyes of the Gardener we see grapes and peaches, tomatoes and blueberries in the unwanted garbage from the kitchen—for the garbage has become rich, dark compost.
So, I sit in prayer, and turn over and over what could otherwise be only garbage. I enter my heart and feel the ache of fear and sadness, and I turn it over gain. I may even have to hold my nose at the stench, but I do not flee. With the eyes of faith I see flowers blooming, squash and beans and other things that delight eye and tongue.
On this, then, Buddhists and Christians are on the same page, for they both know that from death comes new life, from suffering comes beauty—these are two sides of the same coin. The one is necessary for the other. In every pain and loss is a new beginning.
I don't have to create the flowers. God has already scattered their seed in the compost of my despair. But I do have to look, to cultivate a seeing eye for the beauty inside every brokenness. That is hard, hard work.


2018 was a good year for the Xbox One, as gamers enjoyed sailing the Sea of Thieves, racing in Forza Horizon 4, and surviving the end of the world with State of Decay 2, but 2019 is looking to be an incredible year for Xbox fans. There's something for everyone coming to Xbox One in 2019, and we believe the list below is just the tip of the iceberg. If these video games catch your attention, don't forget that many of them are already available for preorder!
This reimagining of the 1998 horror classic will showcase the infection and fall of Raccoon City with a fresh take that modern Resident Evil fans will surely appreciate. Capcom has rebuilt the story, monsters, and gameplay of Resident Evil 2 from the ground up, so even veteran zombie slayers will have their fair share of surprises when the game launches in January. We are especially excited to see how Resident Evil 2 will incorporate new features, such as the ability to blast limbs off of rampaging zombies, and the use life-saving defensive items to fend off bloodthirsty mutants.
Take on the role of superpowered Agent and clean up the mean streets of New Providence in Crackdown 3 when it's released exclusively on Xbox One this February. Fans should be excited to learn that Crackdown 3 features a heavy emphasis on multiplayer, co-op gang busting and levels of dynamic destruction never before seen in the series. Most importantly, Crackdown's engaging experience system returns, so your Agent's strengths will depend on your playstyle. Punch out more baddies to get stronger, practice your parkour to level up your agility, and so on.
Picking up where Gears of War 4 left off, Gears 5 is a new adventure, as seen from the perspective of Kait. Travel with her as she uncovers the origin of the brutal Locust Horde, as humanity is assaulted by enemies on all fronts. Gears fans should expect to see fresh faces and a bold new direction for the universe, as well as hideous monsters, extra-violent weapons, and buckets of gore when Gears 5 launches later in 2019.
Outside of a cameo in Killer Instinct and a re-release in Rare Replay, the trio of mutant amphibian space warriors known as the Battletoads haven't starred in their own game since 1994's Battletoads Arcade. There isn't a release date just yet, but Rash, Zitz, and Pimple will return in 2019 in a brand new game featuring charming hand-drawn visuals, and 3-player co-op.
Anthem will also hold an open demo from February 1-3, 2019 in which anyone can download and participate.
The highly anticipated sequel to Ori and the Blind Forest was first announced at E3 2017, but Moon Studios has confirmed that Ori and the Will of the Wisps will finally be released in 2019. Like the original game, Ori's latest adventure will follow a maze-like trek through the wilderness, but this time he will receive additional acrobatic techniques and help from brand-new friends along the way. Gamers who enjoyed the cinematic soundtrack, stunning art style, and tight controls of Ori and the Blind Forest will surely fall in love with Ori and his pretty yet deceptively scary world all over again.
Very little information has been officially released about Halo Infinite outside of the E3 2018 trailer. This short and pretty teaser featured a few stranded UNSC soldiers, a herd of strange beasts roaming the wilderness of an iconic Halo ring world, and Master Chief just as he dons his helmet and speeds off in his Warthog. Halo Infinite is expected to continue the story from Halo 5, but this mysterious trailer leaves the next chapter of Master Chief's saga wide open. Stay tuned for more information on Halo Infinite throughout 2019.
From Bioware—the creators of Mass Effect and Dragon Age—comes Anthem, a unique universe where teams of four players explore an ever-evolving open world using customized suits of power armor. Players will need to rely on each other to survive the planet's environmental hazards, hostile creatures, and cunning villains, and they'll have the opportunity when Anthem is released in February 2019. As an added bonus, anyone who preorders Anthem will have access to a special VIP demo from January 25 to 27.
Fighting game fans will break bones, spill blood, and inflict gruesome fatal wounds on their unfortunate opponents when Mortal Kombat 11 hits shelves in April 2019. The latest in the Mortal Kombat series promises a roster of new and returning fighters, such as Scorpion, Raiden, and Shao Kahn, a new graphics engine, and more customization options than ever before. If its developers make good on their promise for improved matchmaking and an emphasis on esports, players will thrash their friends in Mortal Kombat 11 for years to come.


Remember not to use idioms. When I worked on a team of student advisors at an international school of English in New York one summer, we spent the first day of each session checking students in and making sure they completed paperwork and diagnostic tests. I remember one of my team members hitting a frustrating block in his explanation of the paperwork to each and every student. He kept telling them to "go over this paperwork." To native English speakers, "go over" is so ingrained an idiom that it's easy to forget how confusing an expression this can be to someone new to the language. My coworker was giving a literally physical instruction that did not make sense ("go OVER the papers?"), and it confused every single student. Because it was a set of instructions, the conversation simply could not continue until the students understood what was being asked of them.
When there is a point of confusion like the "go over" debacle above, sometimes it's not enough to simply slow down and repeat (my coworker's method of choice). "Go over" didn't make any more sense the second and third times he said it. At clear road blocks in conversation, it's important to rephrase until your listener finds a puzzle piece he or she can use to complete your meaning. Living in France as a non-native speaker of French, I was treated to many bad third language speakers (the French don't get very much practice speaking their third language) whose only tactic when we hit a point of confusion was to repeat what they'd said originally, but in a more exasperated tone. It was always a relief to meet someone who managed to be clear and adaptable when speaking to me, rather than irritated or condescending.
Miming also helps. Not Marcel Marceau-level miming. Just little things like pointing to what you're talking about, or doing a light imitation of an action that must be completed. This helps non-native speakers confirm their suspicions, for example, that yes you do mean that they must sign their name and then leap from the plane.
Increasing the volume of your voice doesn't do anything but intimidate or provoke. But enunciating and slowing down can be immensely helpful.
Strip your sentences bare. Subject + action. Instead of "Did you end up going to the movies on Saturday?" say "Did you see the movie?" Isolate the most important parts, like question words (who/what/when/where/why/how). Start with smaller pieces and treat the conversation like block tower assembly, carefully adding just enough information to avoid toppling it, making sure that each piece has been understood before you add another.
I traveled to China a few years ago with my dad and a charity group he works with that provides university scholarships to students from disadvantaged rural communities. When we met some of the students, my dad, who's a very chatty guy, had lots of questions for them. But as English was obviously the students' second language and, in most cases, they'd never even met a native English speaker, he had a lot of trouble communicating with them. My poor father just kept getting louder and louder without rephrasing or adding any useful physical gestures, his sentences littered with superfluities. I had more success speaking with the students, and it was then that I realized that English spoken with non-natives is truly a third language and a skill that requires conscious thought and practice.
It's amazing to watch two people who don't share a first language communicating effectively with one another, because it's an essentially collaborative process rife with obstacles born of linguistic and cultural differences. Speaking third-language English, like Yoda sometimes you feel– but putting someone at ease and having a successful cross-cultural exchange is so very worth it.
When I returned to the US, at first I had so many weird tics because I had been using primarily third-language English! Especially using particular words that I wouldn't ordinarily use as often but are French cognates, like bizarre instead of weird or concentrate instead of focus. But paying attention to little things like word choice can make such a huge difference in comprehension! I also think this can be a difficult concept to fully grasp if you've never gone through the process of learning a second language yourself! Like your dad, my mom totally has no concept of what is colloquial or idiomatic English and what might be difficult for language learners, so she also often resorts to the speaking slower and louder tactic haha!
I love those mimes – the one on the left looks really pissed off!
It is so hard to speak without using phrasal verbs. It's also hard to subtly simplify the way you speak without making the person feel like you think they don't understand English well, which usually isn't the case at all.


Among recent news stories: intelligence "chatter" suggests impending al-Qaeda terrorist attack, possibly timed to coincide with the US elections (could this be the much-speculated-about October Surprise?). Meanwhile, in Israel, a group of soldiers are being investigated over an art exhibition detailing the brutalisation of Palestinians; it seems (from the report) to be more a case of them acting as whistle-blowers than Lynndie England Mk. 2. In the United Nations, the US has given up on renewing its immunity from war crimes prosecution, after realising that they weren't going to get it; however, in Iraq, they are pushing for immunity from prosecution under Iraqi law, with, of course, the full agreement of the Iraqi people. And in England and Wales, authorities are re-examining more than 100 murders which they suspect of being "honour killings"; there appears to be a sophisticated infrastructure for such killings, with "bounty hunters" making a business out of tracking down victims.
Jordan's parliament overwhelmingly rejects ban on "honour killings", claiming that the ban would "encourage vice and destroy social values". Which is almost exactly the same words as used by Christian conservatives in America opposing anti-bullying laws for schools. Funny how religious reactionaries of all stripes will rally in the defense of thuggishness, because, in their world view, the alternative is far worse.


The name, Kasaragod, is said to be derived from the word Kusirakood meaning Nuxvomica forests (Kanjirakuttom). Kasaragod is situated at the extreme northern tip of Kerala over looking Arabian Sea.
It is with the intention of bestowing maximum attention on the development backward areas that Kasaragod district was formed on May 24, 1984. With the formation of the new district, comprising the erstwhile Kasaragod and Hosdurg taluks, it has become possible to develop this coastal area fruitfully.
Kasaragod is known as the land of Gods, beaches, rivers, hills and forts. It is also a land of temples, mosques and churches. Kasaragod is bordered by west Arabian sea, north east Karnataka and south kannur.
Having three main religions of Hindu, Muslims and Christians, the Kasargod district is rich in folk-culture, visual arts and festivals. Some of its contributions are the Theyyam, the Kolkali, the Daff mutt, the Mappila patt, the Poorakkali, the Yakshaganam, the Kallampattu, the Porattu, the Oppana, and the Mappillapattu art forms.
Majority of the people of Kasaragod are farmers. The important crops of the district are Areca nut, Coconuts, Rubber, Paddy, Cashew, Pepper, Vegitables, Tapioca, Banana etc. The major languages spoken in the district are Malayalam, Kannada, Tulu, English, Hindi, and Konkani. There are 12 rivers in the districts. They are the Chandragiri, the Manjeshwara, the Mogral, the Shrirya, the Kvvayi, the Kumbala, the Kalanad, the Bekal, the Kariyankod, the Uppla, the Chithari, and the Nileshwar.
The Kasargod is famous since the time immemorial due to its location at north western coast of the state. Many Arab travelers visited Kasaragod between 9th and 14th centuries, as it was then an important trade centre. The region was called as Harkwillia by these Arab travelers. Mr. Barbose, the Portuguese traveler, who visited Kumbla near Kasaragod in 1514, had recorded that rice was exported to Male Island from this region. Dr. Francs Buccanan, who was the family doctor of Lord Wellesly, visited Kasaragod in 1800. In his travelogue, he has included information on the political and communal set –up in places like Athipramba, Kavvia, Nileswar, Bekkal, Chandragiri and Manjeswar.
The Kumbala kingdom in which there were 64 Tulu and Malayalam villages also had Kasargod as a part of its kingdom. The king Kolathiri was the ruler of the region with Nileswar as his headquarters when Vijayanagar Empire attacked Kasaragod. The ritualistic folk dance of northern Kerala, Theyyam depicts this story through its characters representing the king Kolathiri and those who had helped him against the attack of Vijayanagar Empire.
When this empire declined in 14th century, the administration of this region was vested with the Ikkeri Naikans. They ruled the region till the fall of the Vijayanagar Empire in 16th century. Then Ikkeri was declared independent by Vengappa Naik. In 1645 Sivappa Naik took the reins and transferred the capital to Bednoor. Thus these rulers came to be known as Bednor Naiks. Sivappa Naik constructed the Chandragiri fort and the Bekkal fort.
In 1763 Hyder Ali of Mysore conquered Bednoor and his attempt to conquer Thalassery for was foiled. His son, Tippu Sulthan, conquered Malabar. As per the Treaty of Srirangapattanam in 1792, Tippu surrendered Malabar except Tulunadu (Canara) to the British. The Talunadu or the Canara came under the control of the British only after the death of Tippu Sulthan in 1799.
Kasaragod became a part of Bekkal taluk in the south Canara district of Bombay presidency. Kasaragod taluk came into existence when Bekkal taluk was included in the Madras presidency on April 16, 1882. Vengayil Kunhiraman Nayanar moved a resolution in 1913 demanding the merger of Kasaragod taluk with the Malabar district. But it was withdrawn as the same kind of stiff resolution was passed at kozhikode stressing the same demand.
During the freedom struggle, Kasargod played a prominent role. Many leaders like Mohammed Sherul Sahib, Kandige Krishna Bhat, Umesh Rao, K.M.Krishnan Nambiar, Shreesankarji, Naranthatta Raman Nair, A.C.Kannan Nair, T.Gopalan Nair, and Meloth Narayanan Nambair were involved in the freedom struggle.
Later, by the efforts of K.P.Kesava Menon and many eminent personalities, Kasaragod became the part of Kerala following the reorganisation of states and formation of Kerala in November 1, 1956.


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International travellers inject an extra $200 million
4 Dec 2013 2:38 PMJann Stuckey
News, Tourism
International visitors spent an extra $200 million in Queensland in the year to September, with a record number of Chinese visitors delivering the extra boost for the tourism industry.
Minister for Tourism, Major Events, Small Business and the Commonwealth Games Jann Stuckey said new figures released today in Tourism Research Australia's latest International Visitor Survey showed more than two million international visitors spent $4 billion on trips to Queensland.
"This result represents a four per cent increase in international visitors and a five per cent increase in international visitor spending in the year to September 2013 compared with the previous year," Ms Stuckey said.
"The tourism industry suffered under years of neglect by Labor. This strong result today is a testament to the Newman Government's DestinationQ initiatives to restore this key pillar of the economy.
"This Government set the goal to double annual overnight visitor expenditure from $15 billion to $30 billion by 2020. Strong international visitor growth puts Queensland on the path to achieving this."
Ms Stuckey said inbound tourism to Queensland had continued to perform strongly during the year across a number of the state's key international visitor markets.
"Queensland continues to lead tourism growth out of China, with the survey confirming our state is the preferred holiday destination for Chinese travellers to Australia," she said.
"A record 312,000 Chinese visitors spent $585 million in the year to September, increases of 26 and 30 per cent on the previous year.
"Tropical North Queensland recorded the highest increase of Chinese visitors to the state, with 144,000 travelling in the year to September 2013 – an increase of more than 41 per cent."
Ms Stuckey said overall the tropical north retained its position as the most popular holiday destination in the state amongst international travellers welcoming 644,000 travellers, up 15 per cent on last year.
"The Whitsundays recorded its strongest growth in years with international visitors increasing 11 per cent and international visitor spend soaring 19 per cent compared with the previous year," she said.
The survey also indicated a series of sporting events including the British and Irish Lions and current Ashes tours had kept Queensland top of mind amongst UK travellers during the year.
"Queensland recorded an overall nine per cent increase in UK travellers to 206,000, more than double the national result, boosted by a 14 per cent increase in UK holidaymakers," she said.
For more information on the latest International Visitor Survey visit – www.tq.com.au/research (external site) ( http://www.tq.com.au/research )
END [4 December 2013]
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News / Scotland
No refunds offered and classes cancelled as Scottish Slimmers goes into liquidation
by Frances Rougvie
April 1 2019, 1.11pm Updated: April 1 2019, 3.20pm
© Supplied
Amanda Boyle, chief executive of Scottish Slimmers.
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Weight loss organisation Scottish Slimmers, which operates in 140 locations around the country, has gone into liquidation.
The company, who ceased trading as of midnight on Friday, said that refunds "cannot be provided" to customers who have already paid up front for memberships – and all classes have been cancelled with immediate effect.
Thirty members of staff, including coaches across the class network, will be affected by the closure.
A statement released on behalf of the firm read: "Scottish Slimmers (2009) Ltd has ceased trading with effect from midnight on Friday March 29 2019.
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"A directors' petition to appoint a liquidator, with a view to appointing Blair Milne, restructuring partner based in Campbell Dallas' Glasgow office, was lodged today (Monday April 1 2019).
"Thirty members of staff, including those in headquarters and coaches across the class network, are affected by this.
"Scottish Slimmers (2009) Ltd ran the network of 140 Scottish Slimmers classes across Scotland. All Scottish Slimmers classes have now been suspended, and refunds on membership passes cannot be provided.
"However, all existing members affected by this action will be given free access to the Scottish Slimmers online service and digital service which are run by companies unaffected by the liquidation. Members can request access to the online service by hello@uk-slimmers.co.uk."
Scottish Slimmers went into liquidation on Saturday. I worked for 17 years with them and made friends for life through…
Posted by Lighter Weighs on Monday, 1 April 2019
Amanda Boyle, chief executive of Scottish Slimmers, said: "This has been an incredibly difficult decision to make as I know how much the network of classes means to our members and how our community of members has valued the support of their class coaches in their healthy living and weight loss programmes.
"Many of our coaches have years of enthusiastic and loyal service and I understand that this decision is a very difficult one for them."
She said it was intended that a social enterprise company would be created to continue running the classes, with all profits returned to the firm.
Ms Boyle added: "I took on the business just over a year ago in February 2018. Since then, it has become increasingly clear that legacy issues around the financial model for the company mean that the structure of the class network is unsustainable.
THIS IS NOT AN APRIL FOOL(although I wish it were).At 9.25pm yesterday evening I received an email to inform me that as…
Posted by Slimming with Carole on Sunday, 31 March 2019
"We have found ourselves unable to rely on previous reporting and company data. Despite an encouraging start to 2019, it has become impossible to sustain a model where the costs of running the class network are twice the level of the annual revenue generated by these classes.
"We are not alone in facing a significant decline in members who want a class environment – this is being experienced across the sector."
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Sharon Gannon is the author of Jivamukti Yoga (4.22 avg rating, 874 ratings, 53 reviews, published 2002), Yoga and Vegetarianism (3.73 avg rating, 263 ra...... Check out The Magic Ten by Jivamukti Yoga on Amazon Music. Stream ad-free or purchase CD's and MP3s now on Amazon.co.uk.
Focus of the month. Jivamukti brings together the philosophical, intellectual, spiritual and physical aspects of yoga, its aim is enlightenment. Jivamukti brings together the philosophical, intellectual, spiritual and physical aspects of yoga, its aim is enlightenment.... Jivamukti Yoga classes centre on a theme based on a globally-set "Focus of the Month" essay. The theme is often explored through "dharma talks", Sanskrit chanting, reflections on the modern relevance of yoga scripture, music, asana (physical postures), pranayama (breathing exercises), & meditation.
Jivamukti – MAGIC TEN By Yoga Magazine • 5 years ago • Sequence , Poses , Yoga This sequence takes 10-minutes and can be practised anytime. ultimate nintendo guide to the nes library 1985 1995 pdf Book Jivamukti Yoga pdf free download, by Sharon Gannon ISBN : 0307486648, 9780307486646, The long-awaited, complete guide to the popular, vigorous American method of yoga that is deeply rooted in ancient wisdom and scriptures "In this day and age of health and fitnes..
10/02/2011 · A series of yoga execises that can be done in 10 minutes This sequence was developed by Sharon Gannon co-founder of Jivamukti Yoga method.
Magic 10 Jivamukti Vinyasa is a part of Jivamukti Yoga which was founded by Sharon Gannon and David Life. This kind of sequence, also referred to as 'Magic 10,' came about to encourage more students to take to yoga since this sequence is done in 10 minutes and results in an overall awakening of the physical body and the mental state.
Magic happens when there is a shift in perception, perception of yourself, others and the world. For the yoga practitioner, that shift is a movement away from false identification with the temporary and towards that which is eternal.


Sven Olav Lund is a Senior Product Manager at Napatech and has over 30 years of experience in the IT and Telecom industry. Prior to joining Napatech in 2006, he was a Software Architect for home media gateway products at Triple Play Technologies. From 2002 to 2004 he worked as a Software Architect for mobile phone platforms at Microcell / Flextronics ODM and later at Danish Wireless Design / Infineon AG.
As a Software Engineer, Sven Olav started his career architecting and developing software for various gateway and router products at Intel and Case Technologies. He has an MSc degree in Electrical Engineering from the Danish Technical University.


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John even assisted with completing the application process.
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Q: Can a nonlinear system give same solution with distinct set of parameters? This question comes after experimenting with learning the parameters of a nonlinear system $\dot{\mathbf{x}} = f(\mathbf{x}), f: \mathbb{R}^n \rightarrow \mathbb{R}^n$. If I take a system that has $f = \sum_{i=1}^k a_i\phi_i(\mathbf{x})$, where I know the $\phi_i$'s and try to learn the $a_i$'s from data (trajectories obtained from numerical integration of a known system or from measurements of a physical/biological system with well-studied dynamics) using nonlinear regression (neural network, trust-region methods, Levenberg-Marquadt, etc.) I cannot seem to exactly recover the true $a_i$'s. However, the learned $a_i$'s are doing a great job at predicting unseen initial conditions. From such numerical experiments, I'm reasoning that the solution to this nonlinear system is identical for two sets of parameters, the first being the set of parameters that was used for simulation, and the second being the set of parameters learned from the simulated data. If there is any error in my training data, it would come from the numerical integration. I wonder if numerical integration can bias the solution enough as to throw off the learning process.
My pointed question is this: Can we ever have that a nonlinear system gives identical solutions for two sets of parameters and when might this happen? Are there any known examples of this that are used for teaching/introduction to such behavior?

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In a post on Xbox Wire, Showtime announced that they are going to produce a TV series based on the popular Halo gaming franchise. No date was given when the Halo TV show is going to debut but production for the long-awaited project is planned to start in 2019.
Fans of Halo have been waiting ever since 2013 to experience their beloved Halo universe in a different medium. Back then, Microsoft was still introducing their then-new Xbox One console and a vision to unify gaming and watching. Notably, acclaimed director and producer Steven Spielberg was recruited by Redmond to secure a Halo TV series becoming as popular and successful as the games.
It has been five years since and only earlier this year we learned from an interview at TV Guide that Showtime was still developing the TV series. Microsoft had a notable bad start into the current generation of game consoles and had to give back a lot of market share back to Sony, after their success with the Xbox 360. Management change during that time maybe led to a temporary halt of the series production?
So, it comes as positive news that Microsoft now posted the good news on Xbox Wire that the long-planned Halo TV series is actually becoming reality. CBS-owned television network Showtime has picked up the Halo series and is planning to bring Master Chief's cult universe to the small screen. Showtime president David Nevins says that "Halo is our most ambitious series ever, and we expect audiences who have been anticipating it for years to be thoroughly rewarded".
Showtime ordered 10 episodes of the so far untitled Halo series and is going to start production early next year, in collaboration with 343 Industries and Amblin Television.
Will wait and see what the trailers look like before passing judgement.


The Land Use and Sustainable Development Law Clinic at the West Virginia University College of Law is pleased to announce its new program, West Virginia Legal Education to Address Abandoned/Neglected Properties ("WV LEAP"). WV LEAP involves a multi-pronged effort to identify common legal challenges related to neglected properties in West Virginia, and to research and disseminate information on effective legal solutions. Abandoned and neglected properties often become complicated burdens for counties and municipalities to address because of lack of clarity on applicable laws, impediments to locating problem property owners, and legal complexities related to property titles. Many communities are also not aware of effective tools and strategies available to them for addressing blight.
WV LEAP was started in collaboration with the Northern WV Brownfields Assistance Center (NBAC), through a generous grant from the Benedum Foundation. To date, the Clinic has conducted "listening sessions" with eight participating West Virginia communities in order to gather data from local stakeholders, such as building inspectors, city attorneys, developers, bankers, and concerned citizens, on the common legal challenges communities face in attempting to address abandoned and neglected buildings.
Clinic staff and law students will spend the first half of 2015 continuing to gather data and conduct legal research, in addition to the Clinic's activities facilitating community planning and land conservation initiatives. The WV LEAP research will ultimately be incorporated into a "legal toolkit," which will be made available to municipal attorneys and other stakeholders as a resource on specific steps communities can utilize to combat blight. The toolkit will include guidance such as model ordinances, case studies on effective approaches, and accessible summaries of relevant legal authorities.
The Clinic will also engage in education and outreach on abandoned buildings in the spring and summer of 2015. In particular, the WV LEAP team will conduct a Continuing Legal Education session From Liability to Viability for West Virginia attorneys on May 14 in Charleston, and will also collaborate with the West Virginia Chapter of the American Planning Association, to conduct educational sessions for planners to earn Certification Maintenance credits.
The efforts of West Virginia's Abandoned Properties Coalition (APC) are another important initiative formed to combat the problem of blight in West Virginia, complementing the Clinic's work through WV LEAP. The Clinic is a member of the APC, alongside the WV Community Development Hub, NBAC, the Coalfield Development Corporation, the WV Municipal League, the Preservation Alliance of WV, and multiple individual communities. While WV LEAP is geared toward identifying legal tools and strategies currently available in West Virginia, the APC is tasked with advocating statewide policy solutions for streamlining blight redemption. The Clinic's ongoing research provides important insights into gaps in West Virginia law, highlighting areas requiring reform and legislative advocacy.
Blight—i.e., the prevalence of buildings that are falling into decay, abandoned, or uninhabitable—is a problem nationwide, hampering economic development for many regions. But the problem is particularly egregious in West Virginia, where there are hundreds of neglected properties across the state. The Clinic is pleased to continue to provide technical legal assistance to West Virginia communities, many of which have expressed that neglected properties are their number one concern.
WV LEAP is also central to pushing this matter into the mainstream discourse of WV stakeholders. Blight redemption, in turn, will help community beautification initiatives, redevelopment programs, and economic revitalization throughout the state.
So it's been quite awhile since my last post, but I felt compelled to share the end of the story about putting a Wal-Mart in downtown Athens, Georgia. If you're a longtime reader of the blog you may remember that an Atlanta based developer proposed a mixed-use development, anchored by a Wal-Mart, in the center of Athens. (See my previous post here.) Although Wal-Mart never expressed official interest in the project, many local residents were highly opposed to the idea.
Yesterday the local paper featured a story saying that the developer has now abandoned the project entirely, due to market conditions. The development featured student apartments as its residential component, and downtown Athens is already overbuilt in that category. However, the site, while topographically challenging, is prime real estate. I'm sure as market conditions improve something will eventually be built there.
Whether hosting the Olypmic "boondoggle" is good or bad for your city; homelessness and tourism; security issues; public attitudes--politicians telling "whingers" to "put a sock in it"; transportation concerns; architecture; planning for post-Games facilities use; affordable housing; the always-controversial of building new stadiums (stadia?); and many, many other important issues that come up when a big city offers to play host to the world.
The British media, of course, have lots of excellent coverage. But for a more specific focus on land use, local government, and urban planning issues, I highly recommend starting with The Atlantic Cities' Olympics 2012 page. They're posting several new stories each day.
In the meantime, I hope you all enjoy watching that important land use event known as the Olympic Games!
As most land use professors are well aware, having land declared "blighted" isn't always such a bad thing.
The potential disadvantages of official "blight" designation are obvious. Properties in declared "blighted" areas can be particularly susceptible to takings by eminent domain, as famously highlighted in Berman v. Parker, 348 U.S. 26 (1954). Official designations of blight can also depress property values in some situations due to a perceived stigma commonly associated with blighted land.
Why, then, would anyone want their real property to be declared "blighted"? The reason, of course, is that officially blighted property can qualify for special tax benefits or programs in many jurisdictions. If parcels are eligible for huge tax breaks only if they are officially labeled as "blighted," then getting that label can suddenly be more a blessing than a curse.
An ongoing political debate in Columbia, Missouri, showcases this ironic aspect of redevelopment policy. Missouri statutory law provides that new real property improvements in "enhanced enterprise zones" (EEZs) can qualify for generous property tax reductions. Companies that invest in redevelopment within an EEZ can also receive state income tax breaks. A group of government officials in Columbia have thus been seeking to have nearly half of the city designated an EEZ. Unfortunately, EEZ designation requires that the entire EEZ area be declared blighted. In Columbia, the proposed blighted area would encompass vast portions of the city where retail outlets are succeeding and businesses appear to be thriving.
Sadly, those in favor of the EEZ proposal in Columbia argue that declaring half of the city to be blighted is necessary to enable it to compete statewide for new manufacturing and other jobs. At least 118 Missouri communities--comprising one third of the land area of the state--have already declared themselves blighted to take advantage of the EEZ statute, giving them a leg up in attracting private redevelopment dollars.
Should state redevelopment policies be structured such that local officials must declare large amounts of their communities to be blighted to have any chance of competing for private investment?
Those interested in exploring this topic from an academic perspective will find plenty of published scholarship on LexisNexis or Westlaw to distract them from grading final exams for at least a few hours. For a convenient launching point, consider Colin Gordon, Blighting the Way: Urban Renewal, Economic Development, and the Elusive Definition of Blight, 31 Fordham Urb. L. J. 305 (2004).
Big box stores, the defining retail shopping location for the majority of American suburbs, are being abandoned at alarming rates, due in part to the economic downturn. These empty stores impose numerous negative externalities on the communities in which they are located, including blight, reduced property values, loss of tax revenue, environmental problems, and a decrease in social capital. While scholars have generated and critiqued prospective solutions to prevent abandonment of big box stores, this Article asserts that local zoning ordinances can alleviate the harms imposed by the thousands of existing, vacant big boxes. Because local governments control land use decisions and thus made deliberate determinations allowing big box development, this Article argues that those same local governments now have both an economic incentive and a civic responsibility to find alternative uses for these "ghostboxes." With an eye toward sustainable development, the Article proposes and evaluates four possible alternative uses: retail reuse, adaptive reuse, demolition and redevelopment, and demolition and regreening. It then devises a framework and a series of metrics that local governments can use in deciding which of the possible solutions would be best suited for their communities. The Article concludes by considering issues of property acquisition and management.
Prof. Schindler's article addresses an important problem in communities across the U.S., and offers some innovative solutions.


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Sex-Ed
Feminism, LGBTQ+, Uncategorized
The Future Is Female 3 1435
Marlyn Sarkissian-Sarnani February 19, 2017 8:36 pm February 19, 2017
In October 2015, famous model Cara Delevinge and her girlfriend were spotted wearing sweaters with a phrase depicted right across the front: "The Future Is Female." Since then, the phrase has been plastered across t-shirts, mugs, water bottles, pins, and even on posters during protests. The slogan isn't something new that modern day feminist created. In fact, it's been around for decades. But what does the phrase truly mean? And what's the origin?
Labyris Books was the first women's bookstore to open in New York City. It's founders were all lesbian feminists who wanted a safe space to not only enjoy literature, but also somewhere where they could be themselves. They faced criticism from the heterosexual community because they felt like they were not welcomed in the bookstore—but the founders said that anyone who felt like they belonged, belonged.
The slogan of the bookstore became, "The Future Is Female," and they decided to print it on a few shirts and sell them to the public. A woman named Liza Cowan can be credited with making the statement go viral because in 1975 she took a picture of her (then) girlfriend, Alix Dobkin, wearing the shirt. She originally just took the picture for a presentation that she was working on called: "What The Well Dressed Dyke Will Wear."
A few decades passed and the slogan was almost unheard of, until Rachel Berks, a feminist graphic designer was skimming Instagram one day, and came across the original picture that was taken by Liza Cowan. She was inspired by the picture and sought out Cowan to ask permission to recreate the shirts and tell them at her online store, called Otherwild.
Berks created the 25 shirts which sold out almost instantly. The shirts became extremely popular because of websites like Tumblr that promoted them, and Berks saw an amazing opportunity to raise awareness to issues that were important to feminist culture. One issue that is important to her is keeping Planned Parenthood running so that women can have safe and legal operations.
Although the roots of this phrase dealt with lesbian feminist separatists, it has become something different entirely.
People everywhere are wearing the shirt with pride and creating different meanings from it. To some, it shows girl power and how empowered they feel. To others, it merely means that women are going to start dominating in a world that is currently ruled by men. Others simply want equality between all genders.
Whatever the case, one thing is truly certain. Women everywhere are starting to stand up for the things that they believe in, openly and unapologetically.
The future truly is female.
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Marlyn Sarkissian-Sarnani
Marlyn Sarkissian-Sarnani was born and raised in Las Vegas, Nevada. She attends the University of Nevada, Las Vegas as a Journalism and Media Studies Major with a minor in Political Science. She hopes to get a masters in journalism and pursue her career in a big city. When Marlyn isn't writing, you can find her watching Disney movies.
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Never knew what was behind this great phrase. Love the article!
Yesss girl power 💕
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You can certainly see your skills in the work you write. The arena hopes for more passionate writers like you who are not afraid to say how they believe. All the time go after your heart.
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Jammu, Mar 29: Two persons were killed and one injured when a tempo they were travelling in met with an accident in Reasi district of Jammu and Kashmir on Friday.
"A tempo this morning met with an accident at Barlla near Chillad in which two persons including driver died on the spot and one left seriously injured," police here said.
They added that the tempo was on its way from Chillad to Dharmari.
The deceased were identified as Tanver Ahmed (25), son of Shad Ali, resident of Chillad, Tehsil Thuroo, District Reasi and his mother Sofia Begum.
Injured Shad Ali was rushed to hospital.


Bedroom — This bedroom, is one of the 22 designs published under the gallery: The Application Of Modern Bed Designs Into Your Bedroom. In the next page, we have the glowing laminate floor mixed with dark wood framed modern bed designs also charming half circle mirror plus stylish nightstands in golden round handles [ ... ]. While in	the previous page, we have the dark brown laminate floor combined with snow modern bed designs also tangerine nightstand and white ceramic accessories plus white square rug [ ... ].