For two years, my friend Clare* attended fortnightly vegan potlucks in her town. She had felt welcomed when she first attended, and she became actively involved in her local vegan community as a result: baking for tabling events, helping to organise talks and to arrange meet-ups. After a while, though, things started to get a little uncomfortable: her friends weren't as warm as they once were; little by little she stopped receiving invitations to events; eventually, she sensed she was being talked about. Then, at one potluck, she overheard a purported friend remark with astonishment that, since Clare had been vegan for so long and hadn't lost weight, she must be consuming animal products in secret.
Clare avoids all vegan events now. She doesn't attend the small, local vegan fair; she avoids potlucks and meet-ups; and as much as she'd like to advocate face-to-face, all of her advocacy is now online. This is not because she's reluctant to meet the people who treated her so cruelly; rather, as she puts it herself, she worries that other people will see her as a "bad ambassador for veganism." She, an articulate, thoughtful, reflective activist, is avoiding something at which she excels—engaging people in conversation about veganism—as a result of the implication by other vegans that, because of her body composition, she is a less worthy vegan than they.
There is a factor at play here that seems to be specific to veganism: Clare's body was marked as a site of immorality that goes beyond the usual discrimination and oppression that we see outside of vegan culture. Her body was labelled a non-vegan body: a body that others deemed to be evidence of her participation in animal exploitation, and it became a weapon to exclude her from vegan circles.
Body-shaming, for those who are unacquainted with the concept, involves remarking on or assessing the body of another person with the intention of making them feel ashamed, or to denigrate or humiliate them. It involves making aesthetic judgements on someone else's appearance, making jokes about their size or shape, or relating their bodies to their moral worth.
This kind of body-shaming discourse echoes through many pages dedicated to specific modes of plant-based eating, and it permeates PETA's glorification of the thin, white, able-bodied lettuce lady and its use of fat-shaming to promote a "vegetarian" diet. Similarly, a number of well-known raw food bloggers use discriminatory language to promote their diets, depicting people without thigh gaps, concave stomachs, or protruding clavicles as unworthy and flawed.
At the same time, many doctors and advocates who promote a whole foods plant-based diet refer to its health benefits generally, and do discuss health and weight as causally linked; this does not constitute shaming per se, any more than does a discussion of the connection between health and any other lifestyle factors.
Here, McDougall conflates efficacy in advocacy and appearance, and confuses reception of a moral message with arbitrary facts about the person who delivers it. Surely, where those like McDougall see fit to discus issues of weight as a matter in terms of plant-based eating, they ought to strive to do so without objectifying individuals and passing moral judgements upon them.
The prevalence of passing body-shaming in vegan circles as either a purported motivator for becoming vegan or as a way of seeking to diminish the contribution of other advocates is not only incredibly harmful to other humans, it is also doing nonhuman animals a disservice. We all associate diets with deprivation. Diets are punitive, and we adopt them as temporary measures, enthusiastic at first about whatever promises they make, and then eager for them to end so that we can resume our old behaviours. Portraying veganism as a diet not only excludes some nonhuman animals (those not used for food) from the circle of our concern, but it also creates negative connotations around veganism itself.
The idea that one's physical appearance has anything to do with our moral obligations to nonhuman animals is a misdirection of the most harmful sort, as is the discriminatory view that one's physical self can be in any way read as representative of one's ethical stance or commitment to justice. Nor is one's body size or shape in any way related to one's worth. Those 'vegans' who participate in body-shaming directly, or who make the vegans who don't conform to their ideal body image invisible by portraying veganism as a weight-loss plan, are alienating both fellow vegans and potential vegans. Using one form of discrimination to try to end another should never be a tactic that we employ.
I have Clare's permission to share her story. Her name has been changed at her request. The proceeds for writing this article will be donated to local TNR projects.
Also, it is silly to assume (as many vegans do) that ALL meat is immoral. Wild fish and game may be consumed with far less animal loss of life and environmental impact than is possible with any form of plant agriculture, which necessarily destroys every individual, of every major species, on the landscape converted to that purpose. There is a huge difference between eating responsibly and strict observation of the vegan mantra. It is a shame that the subject of the piece was not accepted for her efforts, and this is pretty common. There are many who eat more responsibly than even those who would criticize, and yet are treated rudely simply because the critics have never given enough thought to the real consequences of their own eating behavior.
The inevitable human deaths on a freeway do not make building freeways immoral. The inevitable human deaths on a freeway do not morally justify the deliberate execution of humans either. Similarly, all the deaths caused by plant animal agriculture do not morally justify the deliberate bringing into existence, torturing and killing billions of farm animals and trillions of sea animals each year. If the humankind finally understood that animal use were morally wrong, we would be actively looking for solutions how to minimize animal deaths in plant-based agriculture just like we look for solutions to minimize human deaths on freeways.
80-90% of all the crops grown on the planet are specifically grown to feed farm animals. So if plant agriculture harms animals, animal agriculture harms animals tenfold. The animal agriculture is the primary cause of global warming, species extinction, ocean dead zones, habitat destruction, soil erosion, water pollution, world hunger and the diseases of affluence.
It is not only meat that is immoral; our demand for dairy, eggs, honey, wool, leather, fur, cosmetics, pets, and other animal use all involve injustice, torture and death. Ethical veganism is not about eating meat. Ethical veganism is a social movement aiming to eradicate injustice toward non-human animals who feel pain and joy just like us, yet are treated as commodities just like potatoes are.
You are avoiding the issue by confusing it with animal agriculture, which is undeniably more destructive than plant agriculture. Of course, the comparison that I am making is between WILD fish and game, taken in a sustainable manner from undisturbed wild lands (or waters), and plant agriculture. Also, while correctly labeling the destruction of animal life by animal agriculture as "deliberate," you then excuse the destruction of trillions of animal life forms that necessarily occurs during plant agriculture as something else. Shall we say "accidental" rather than deliberate, in the case of those creatures lost during the establishment of crop fields? If this is your position, then you have ignored the fact that the first step in establishing such fields is to eliminate all native life forms by plowing them under in order that they may be destroyed and so not pose a threat to the species we humans intend to impose upon that landscape. Those that escape the crush of the plow perish of starvation upon being displaced from the resources they require for survival. To excuse such outcomes as "unfortunate" does not change the fact that they are also deliberate. In fact, this outcome is entirely predictable and unavoidable, and the farmer is very deliberate in his effort to bring this destruction to pass.
If "deliberate" were defined by the predictability of the outcome, building a freeway would be an act of killing humans deliberately. Before each freeway is built, experts calculate and accurately predict the number of humans that will die. We know the exact number of future casualties at different speed limits. Yet it would be outrageous to suggest that the victims of car accidents are deliberately killed. If "deliberate" were defined by the number of victims, one could say that I am deliberately killing insects while driving. Killing insects is also expected with certainty, yet no one would suggest that I am deliberately killing them. In fact, all the drivers in their right minds would prefer not to get their cars messed up with crushed insects. A driver's intention is to get from A to B. A hunter's intention is to kill. Cultivating the land is not an act of deliberate killing. Attaching a worm to a hook is.
You are right in saying that to the victims of our actions it matters little whether we characterize their demise as deliberate, collateral damage, accidental or whatever. All our actions harm others in one way or another and for that reason we all must minimize our impact. But what makes an enormous difference to animal justice is the mindset and the attitude of the people who take the position that using animals is morally wrong. In an ethical vegan world, searching for minimizing animal casualties would be a priority just like minimizing human casualties. On the other hand, with the present mindset of a nonvegan who takes the position that using animals is "normal" and divides animals into useful ones and pests, the imagination will never stretch beyond wildlife management by poisoning, releasing a virus, culling and gassing. Why would a person who sees nothing immoral about catching fish, shooting deer and eating them object to harvesting worms, raising birds to be released into the wild for the purpose of hunting, eating road kill, wearing wool, leather or fur, owning a working dog or a pet, supporting the racing industry, eating backyard eggs or grass-fed animals?
In reply to your remark that I was avoiding the comparison between wild fish and game on one side and plant agriculture on another, that comparison makes as much sense as the comparison between growing alfalfa sprouts in windowsills and animal agriculture. Apart from the fact it is immoral to deliberately take a sentient being's life when it is not necessary, you and I both know that feeding the world's population of seven billion with fishing rods, hooks, traps, bows and arrows is as realistic as feeding the world by growing alfalfa sprouts in windowsills. Besides, a diet restricted to alfalfa sprouts only is not a balanced diet that covers all the human nutritional needs, and neither is a diet restricted to fish and meat only. On the other hand, all the top dietetic establishments in the UK, US, Canada and Australia agree that a balanced vegan diet consisting of whole fruits, vegetables, grains, legumes, nuts and seeds is healthy, appropriate for all life stages including children, pregnant women, athletes and the elderly, and may assist in curing some diseases.
Yes, the cost/benefit analysis of such projects predicts that human death will result. If planners proceed with the project, then they fully intend to allow humans to die as the cost of acquiring what society desires. They recognize this impact as a "cost" and do not pretend that the resulting death is unrelated to their choice to proceed with the project. They will not, of course, ever be charged with a crime because to do so is not illegal, just as it is not illegal to declare war, although it is a deliberate act that cannot avoid human death. We may debate whether such death is moral or not; or whether such death is "accidental" or "unintentional", but we cannot deny that such consequences are inescapable and the action that leads to them, deliberate.
Regardless, it is true that the farmer deliberately eliminates the life forms on the land he intends to cultivate. Removing the native flora and fauna is the reason fields and forests are first bulldozed, burned, and plowed prior to planting. Failure to do so will ensure competition by native plants and animals for those resources he hopes to accrue to himself. He deliberately eliminates those creatures that compete with him for the resources he demands.
You appear to be making the case that such death is not immoral because, after all, it is not the death of these animals that is sought, but rather the the resources that may be acquired only by their removal. By this logic, one may also excuse hunting and fishing on the grounds that it is not animal death that is sought, but rather the meat attached to their bones, and as such the elimination of life is but a unfortunate, but not deliberate, consequence of gaining those resources we seek.
Finally, I am not suggesting that hunting and fishing can provide for the entire Earth population's dietary need. Clearly, it cannot and so must also be supplemented by agriculture. My point is that those resources that hunting and fishing CAN provide come with less cost to animal life and environmental impact than any form of agriculture and should therefore be our first option in acquiring food.
If we used the criteria of the least number of casualties in determining our actions instead of respecting every individual's right not to be bodily harmed regardless of who may benefit, then it would be perfectly fine to indefinitely detain and torture prisoners in Guantanamo Bay without being charged. There is a possibility that some prisoners may be innocent, but if harming them is the cost of preventing the next terrorist attack and far greater number of casualties, so be it. What about using humans in forced medical experiments? A few humans may be sacrificed, but potentially we might find a cure for cancer and save millions. Those millions of cancer patients can also be seen as the victims of Monsanto's "deliberate" killing. We can easily use one human as an organ donor to save ten other humans. Yet, we do not, because in a just society, basic rights of any individual must be protected regardless of the benefits others might gain from violating those rights.
Earlier in our discussion we both agreed that animal agriculture "is undeniably more destructive than plant agriculture". So even if you disagree with the ethical vegan position that all animal use is morally wrong, you must agree that eliminating animal agriculture and using a fraction of the land currently used for feeding farm animals to feed the entire human population would result in far less number of lives lost. All the major dietetic establishments worldwide agree that we do not need to eat animal products in order to be healthy. 51% of all greenhouse gas emissions are caused by animal agriculture, and according to the majority of the environmental scientists, the easiest, and probably the *only* way to prevent a major environmental catastrophe is to stop eating animal products. It makes perfect sense and it is doable today without any expensive investments, new technology or infrastructure if only people decided to do it.
I could not agree more, Balint. Well stated.
You make the point that one should not harm one person, animal, etc. to save another, or even multiple others. I do not disagree. But this differs from the actual choice we face where we must choose between killing one creature, or killing many. It has been my point that it is better to kill fewer, even if that means choosing the ones killed, and the manner in which they are destroyed. In fact, such choices cannot be avoided. In opting for agriculture, the vegan decides which animals shall die and chooses the manner of their destruction.
Agriculture has become the foremost cause of extinction, world-wide, and single greatest source of greenhouse gases destined to alter our environment for millennia. Consider the millions of acres of forest, grasslands and wetland converted to exotic monoculture serving no species besides man; consider the billions of pounds of chemicals dumped into our air, water and soil, and the trillions of gallons of fresh water diverted from sensitive aquatic systems–all for agricultural purpose. Certainly, animal agriculture is responsible for the lion's share of such damage, but the remainder is all "on" plant agriculture.
Such damage may be reduced with well-regulated, sustainable hunting and fishing. he depletion of wildlife is the result of overexploitation and development. Overexploitation by hunting and fishing can be avoided. Habitat destruction, on the other hand, cannot, if agriculture is to occur. Every individual, of every major species on the land converted to agricultural purpose, is destroyed, with death moving offsite as aquatic ecosystems are drained to provide water; as sediments and fertilizers move downstream, choking the world's estuaries that sustain the young fish that ultimately fill the oceans; and as the creatures left in surrounding wild lands (provided any are left intact) as destroyed as "pests" simply because they dare to compete for crops earmarked for human consumption.
Perhaps one day we will indeed gaze out across fields of broccoli and beans, wondering where all of the fish and wildlife have gone. Some will stand with their hands on their hips, blaming the hunter or the fisherman and failing completely to understand the relevance of habitat and sustainable use. No doubt, on this day, Mr. Francione will be counted among them. I wish for the day when veganism is entirely in step with environmentalism and consistent with its philosophy of minimizing animal harm.
Great article! I couldn't agree more. We can encourage healthy habits without attacking people. Firstly, there are individuals with health complications, etc. and you can never know what someone's issues are without walking in their shoes. If we don't presume to know what animals are thinking, we shouldn't be so arrogant as to assume we know what people eat "in secret". I want to see everyone be as healthy as possible, but shaming and accusing people does absolutely nothing to address the problem.
Also, if shame were enough to cure addiction, there would be no such thing as addicts. Shaming doesn't help anyone, it makes things much worse.


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Ян Герль () — австрійський стрибун з трампліна, призер чемпіонату світу.

Срібну медаль чемпіонату світу Герль виборов на світовій першості 2021 року, що проходила в німецькому Оберстдорфі, в командних змаганнях на великому трампліні.

Олімпійські ігри

Посилання на джерела

Австрійські стрибуни з трампліна
Стрибуни з трампліна на зимових Олімпійських іграх 2022
Австрійські олімпійські чемпіони
Чемпіони зимових Олімпійських ігор 2022

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


We all experienced some pain in our life.
Are you still hurting from something?
Do you often think about a certain situation?
Do you feel left alone?
What if Archangel Raphael could help you heal some of your wounds?
Would you love to free yourself from guilt?
Would you love to move on with your life?
Would you love to just feel freer and more at ease with your life?
and relax and heal during the Meditation.
You can listen to the download any time you feel the need for it.


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Commercial Law Update – No abuse of process in foreshadowing examinations
By Laura Mills 02 May 2019
In March 2019, Dr Oren Bigos and Laura Mills co-authored this article which looks at a recent case and the court's discretion to issue summons for public examinations. This article was originally published in the March 2019 ARITA Journal and any copyright is owned by ARITA.
The exercise of the court's discretion to summon a person for a public examination, requiring them to answer questions about a company's examinable affairs, involves balancing the liquidator's ability to discharge their duty to properly investigate the affairs of a company against ensuring justice to the examinee.
A recent example of this balancing exercise was illustrated in In the matter of Dalstonville Pty Ltd (in liquidation) and Don Leunig Pty Ltd (in liquidation) [2018] VSC 774 (Dalstonville), where an abuse of process for an improper purpose was not established by examinees despite an ongoing dispute between liquidators and a party related to the examinees.
Background of the application
In Dalstonville, the liquidators of Dalstonville Pty Ltd and Don Leunig Pty Ltd (the Companies) sought orders for the issuing of summonses to five examinees in connection with the examinable affairs of the Companies. The Supreme Court of Victoria issued summonses, pursuant to the discretion in s 596B of the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) (Act), that required the examinees to attend for examination and to produce extensive documentation. The examinees sought to set aside the summonses, principally alleging improper purpose and an abuse of process.
The Companies had previously carried on a business selling and leasing forklifts and material handling equipment (Business). The proposed examinees were directors, officers or employees of a third company, Adapt‑A‑Lift Group Pty Ltd (AALG). AALG had acquired the Business pursuant to a complex sale transaction before the Companies entered administration and were subsequently wound up in insolvency.
A dispute remained between the Companies' liquidators, the Companies' receivers (appointed under the sale agreement to recover certain amounts from the Companies) and AALG regarding the sale of the business in relation to various adjustments to the purchase price and other payments (Dispute).
Examinees' inspection of liquidators' confidential affidavit
It is worth noting that the examinees successfully applied to inspect the liquidators' confidential affidavit filed in support of their public examination applications pursuant to s 596C(2). Generally, such affidavits invariably contain confidential information that, if released, may put the examinees on notice of the matters upon which they may be examined and thus prejudice the examination process.
Here, a large portion of the affidavit dealt with historical matters which had already been the subject of extensive correspondence. The Court determined that it was unable to fairly and properly determine the substantive application to set aside the summonses without recourse to that affidavit and ordered, in accordance with the 'justice of the case', that the examinee's solicitors be provided with a redacted copy ([77]).
Alleged abuse of process based on improper purpose
The examinees applied for the summonses to be set aside pursuant to Supreme Court (Corporations) Rules 2013 r 11.5. The principal challenge to the summonses concerned an alleged abuse of process on the basis that they were issued for an improper purpose.
The examinees argued that the predominant purpose of the public examinations was not to obtain information for the benefit of the Companies, their creditors or their contributories and therefore operated outside the public examination machinery in Part 5.9 of the Act. It was argued rather, that the predominant purpose was to impose a burdensome production process to inflict costs and cause inconvenience to AALG, its directors and employees in order to leverage a favourable settlement of the Dispute.
The examinees relied on a letter sent from the liquidators' solicitors to the solicitors for AALG and the receivers, that (among other things) requested that certain 'Required Actions' (such as for the receivers to immediately retire as receivers of the Companies and for AALG to make payment of approximately $1.4 million) be undertaken in relation to settlement of the Dispute (Letter). The critical passages of the Letter are set out in the judgment (at [45]), which relevantly provides:
In the event that each of the Required Actions are not complied with to the satisfaction of the Liquidators by 12:00pm AEST on Friday 22 December 2017, the Liquidators intend to proceed with issuing the Summonses for Examination.
Purposes of the public examination process & abuse of process principles
The judgment provides (at [7] to [26]) a useful summary of the relevant legal principles underlying the public examination process. The key objective of that process is to allow a liquidator to obtain information in relation to the examinable affairs of a company in liquidation.
The court has inherent jurisdiction to stay an examination if it is an abuse of process. It is an abuse of the public examination procedure to seek to achieve some purpose foreign to that which the legislature intended, that is, 'if the predominant purpose of the applicant seeking the order is not for the purpose of benefiting the corporation, its contributories or its creditors'.1
The examinee bears the 'heavy' onus of demonstrating that the liquidator's predominant purpose of obtaining the examination summons is improper.2 Some examples of improper purposes in a public examination context were discussed (at [22] to [25]) which include to:
-exert pressure by inflicting costs, or causing undue inconvenience or embarrassment
-use the inconvenience and costs caused by the process to extract a higher offer in settlement of a claim
-use as a dress‑rehearsal for cross‑examination in a substantive proceeding, and
-allow a party to obtain a forensic advantage.
Abuse of process not established
The Court was not satisfied that the objective predominant purpose of the liquidators in seeking the public examinations was an improper one. The sale of the Business was a complex transaction which involved disputed matters and it was legitimate for the liquidators to seek to elicit information from the examinees concerning these unresolved issues.
There was evidence that the liquidators were motivated by a number of legitimate purposes consistent with the objects of the public examination provisions, including to:
-gather information relevant to the execution of the liquidators' duties
-provide information to assist in identifying the Companies' assets
-protect the interests of the creditors, and
-enable evidence and information to be obtained to support any action against the examinable officers or other persons in connection with the examinable affairs of the Companies.
'Threat' of public examinations in negotiations
Despite a predominant improper purpose not being established in this case, the Court commented that the Letter may be interpreted as conveying an 'inappropriate threat' to use public examination machinery (at [70]) and such correspondence was 'unfortunate' as it drew a link between the failure to meet the liquidators' demands and the commencement of a public examination process (at [89]).
However, such correspondence should be considered in its full context and it was important not to place inordinate weight on one paragraph to necessarily warrant the inference of the public examinations were for a predominant improper purpose of seeking to put pressure on a party to resolve a commercial dispute.
The court distinguished this case from an extreme example of an improper purpose in DW Marketing Pty Ltd (in liquidation) [2009] VSC 663 (DW Marketing), where (at [47]) it was said that a letter 'could not be interpreted as anything other than a threat to use the examinations provisions to cause, at the very least, expense and inconvenience to the examinees if the demand was not met.'
In Dalstonville, the public examination process was commenced almost eight months after the alleged 'threat' of public examination and there was no evidence of any settlement offers having been made. Further, the terms of the Letter were not as egregious as in DW Marketing (where there had been references to amounts that were not actually owing and to criminal liability). Significantly, the lawyer in DW Marketing actually admitted that the relevant letter was an attempt to draw a higher settlement offer from the examinees.
Setting aside public examination summonses on the ground of abuse of process requires a balancing act and remains a heavy burden to establish even when issued in the context of an ongoing dispute. Even so, liquidators should be wary to avoid 'unfortunate' correspondence that draws a link between the failure to meet the demands of a liquidator and the commencement of a public examination process which may be interpreted as a threat to use public examinations for an improper purpose.
1 Evans v Wainter (2005) 145 FCR 176, 200 [143]-[144] cited in Dalstonville [19]. 2 Accord Pacific Holdings Pty Ltd v Accord Pacific Land Pty Ltd (in liquidation) [2011] NSWSC 707 cited in Dalstonville [21].
*This article was originally published in the March 2019 ARITA Journal and any copyright is owned by ARITA.
By Laura Mills02 May 2019
Laura practises principally in commercial and public law

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


This undated photo provided by Fredericton Police Force shows Const. Robb Costello. But the 75-year-old woman said she couldn't flee to safety while her pet remained in potential danger. The two other victims have only been identified by police as an adult man and woman.
A suspect is in custody as police continue to investigate the incident, but no names are being released at this time.
That CBC report adds that there has been massive emergency services response to the area, including police, paramedics and firefighters.
"The police were here earlier and wanted me to leave, but I said I couldn't leave my dog behind".
The small city lies on a curve of the St John River in eastern Canada.
It was something his common-law partner, Jackie McLean, tried to remember on Friday after learning he was one of four people shot dead in a quiet residential neighbourhood in Fredericton.
One block down the road from 200 block area is a small strip-mall with a Subway and a Tim Hortons. She heard the gunshots from the apartment down the street.
"We'll see where this investigation leads in terms of what exactly happened, who did it, what was the motivation for doing it and the instruments of destruction that were used", he said.
"My adrenalin was going like a bat out of hell". "I'm on my floor", he said.
With her building under lockdown, she headed to her bedroom for a couple of hours, until it was over.
He called 911, heard more shots and took another glance out the window.
Our hearts are broken by the murder of our two fearless police officers. "During this hard time, our thoughts are also with the courageous women and men on the front lines working to keep us safe", Gallant said.
Forget immediately called the news into her dispatch. While staff said they kept the doors locked, the kids carried on with normal life, playing with toys or watching a movie as the police investigation unfolded. "Doors are locked and everybody's inside".
"I'm still timid about going out", she said at 3 p.m. "I'm anxious for the other people around me".
A resident said he heard a series of "firecracker" sounds around 7 a.m. local time, according to the CBC.
"It sounded like the first one came from right outside my bedroom window", MacCoubrey said. "I am hoping that we will be able to put something like that together".
"Then two more happened within the first three minutes".
Speaking to Global News, another resident, Dave MacCoubrey, said that he could have heard as many as 17 shots coming about 30 feet from his bed. "In this time of shock and grief, let us all protect their families", Fredericton's mayor, Mike O'Brien, said on Twitter.
Outside the scene, New Brunswick Premier Brian Gallant urged the public to be patient in waiting for answers. "During this hard time, our thoughts are also with the courageous women and men on the front lines working to keep us safe", he said.
Detectives are continuing their investigation and could upgrade the charges in part depending on what the medical examiner finds. Szabo, of Boca Raton, was hospitalized in critical condition and died two days later, according to his employer in Florida.
However, Eurosport understand from reliable sources close to the club that Pogba has not made any financial demands to the club. Conquering the Premier League seemed nearly too easy for this club last season , as they broke record after record.
The only place in Europe where it is still legal is Belarus, which has a sizeable Catholic minority of about 7% of the population. Greg Abbott - a devout Catholic - has previously said there was no conflict between his faith and support for the death penalty .
She also became a volunteer for the Scout Association, working near her home in North Wales where she lived at the time. The unidentified source added: "She's amazed by what's happened but is taking what he says with a grain of salt".
And I feel as though we have got a fantastic squad. "Maybe we will do some magic things with the formation on Tuesday". I didn't need the final proof in and around the World Cup or in last season". 'I am not sure but it is Hendo.


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Home/News/Turkey's plan to rope in Pakistan for nuclear weapons shows aggressive intent
Turkey's plan to rope in Pakistan for nuclear weapons shows aggressive intent
By IANS| Published: 6th January 2021 5:11 am IST
By Atul Aneja
New Delhi, Jan 5 : Turkey's diabolic plan to rope in Pakistan in suspected development of atomic weapons shows aggressive intent as Ankara is already protected by a nuclear umbrella on account of its membership of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO).
Suspicions about Pakistan's covert support for Turkish nukes has been aroused by a recent meeting of the Turkey-Pakistan High-Level Military Dialogue Group (HLMDG). The assemblage took place on December 22-23. Pakistan's Defence Secretary Lt. Gen. (Retd.) Mian Muhammad Hilal Hussain led the delegation from Islamabad, while Deputy Chief of Turkish Army General Selcuk Bayraktaroglu headed the Turkish delegation, says an article published by the website zeenews.india.com.
There were other indications that the delegation held discussions about nuclear delivery systems. The visitors from Islamabad met top Turkish Army generals and bureaucrats dealing with missile production and aerial know-how. The host list included Prof. Ismail Demir head of Presidency of Turkish Defence Industries and Dr. Temil Kotil, CEO of Turkish Aerospace Limited (TAI). The Pakistani defence delegation also visited top Turkish defence companies including Bakyar (UAV OEM), TAI, HAVELSAN and ASELSAN.
Analysts say that the insider meetings in Turkey took place within a rapidly evolving geopolitical context. Islamabad and Ankara have become staunch strategic allies-a partnership sealed by personal bonds between the Turkish ambitious President, Recep Tayyip Erdogan and Pakistan's military backed Prime Minister Imran Khan. Erdogan hopes to emerge as the pre-eminent Islamic leader, marginalising established heavyweights such as Mohamed bin Sultan, the crown prince of Saudi Arabia, the trojan horse for the wealthy six nation Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC).
READ: I-League: Neroca face local rivals Trau in first game of season
Erdogan made his intent to pursue nukes clear during a September 2019 speech when he falsely argued that Turkey was a victim of nuclear discrimination.
"Several countries have missiles with nuclear warheads, not one or two. But [they tell us that] we can't have them. This I cannot accept," Erdogan said on the centennial of the Turkish independence movement. "There is no developed nation in the world that doesn't have them."
Erdogan's argument is blatantly false and self-serving. Several developed countries do not have atomic weapons. Only nine countries – the United States, Russia, the United Kingdom, France, China, India, Pakistan, North Korea, and Israel – possess nuclear weapons, with Washington and Moscow owning 93 percent of them, says an article published by the prestigious Arms Control Association.
Unsurprisingly a U.S. State Department official in a comment to The National Interest, reminded Turkey that it is a party to the 1968 nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty (NPT).
Turkey signed the NPT as a non-nuclear-weapon state in 1980. This implied that that Ankara had formally agreed to forgo developing or acquiring nuclear weapons. Turkey has also signed the 1996 Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, which bans all nuclear test explosions-the feedstock for developing atomic bombs.
Apart from its treaty obligations, Turkey is already protected against nuclear attack because of its NATO membership since 1952. Under NATO's nuclear sharing arrangements, five European countries-Belgium, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, and Turkey-host U.S. tactical nuclear weapons. At Ankara's Incirlik Air Base, Turkey stores around 50 B61 nuclear gravity bombs – the most of any NATO state. The United States or NATO has given any indication that it wants to withdraw these powerful nukes from Turkey. On the contrary the US State Department has made it plain that Turkey is "covered by NATO's Article 5 collective defence clause, which bolsters Turkey's defence and security."
READ: PM to address 2nd National Youth Parliament festival on Jan 12
Yet, driven by blind ambition, Turkey appears to be seeking atomic weapons with support from Pakistan.
Evidence of Turkey-Pakistan nuclear collaboration is pouring in. On December 21, Lt. Gen. Sahir Shamshad of Pakistani Army also met Lt. Gen. Wali Turkchi of Turkish Army in Ankara for the Second Round of Turkish-Pakistani Military Talks. Sources said that transfer of missile technology and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) were the focus of these discussions.
Apart from ideological reasons, there is a clear quid pro quo in the Turkey-Pakistan alliance. The International Institute of Strategic Studies, points out that Turkish companies have backed Pakistan to covertly import materials from Europe, and export the finished products to players like Libya and North Korea. There have been credible media reports that have spotlighted that Turkey might be possessing a considerable number of centrifuges-spinning machines that purify uranium to higher grades – made by Pakistan.
It was therefore natural that Turkey, in its quest for atomic weapons, narrowed its focus on Pakistan, which has a well-established record of nuclear smuggling. For decades, Pakistan has been a kingpin of the 'nuclear black market," with the disgraced Pakistani nuclear scientist Abdul Qadeer Khan helping numerous countries, especially in the production of centrifuges, through his infamous AQ Khan network.
(This content is being carried under an arrangement with indianarrative.com)


text:
[ January 21, 2021 ] Roadside litter still a problem	Audio Stories
HomeFeaturedMilitary men say they fight for freedom of expression
Military men say they fight for freedom of expression
October 5, 2017 Mike Moore Featured, News 0
Canadian servicemen discuss their thoughts on athlete protests during U.S. national anthem.
By Mike Moore
Two Canadian soldiers, who would take a bullet for their flag, have no problem with civilians taking a knee to fight injustice.
Colin Kaepernick's taking a knee during the American national anthem has put civil rights back on the main stage.
The act of sitting or kneeling during the American national anthem caught on like wildfire as many athletes joined the silent protest.
President Donald Trump attacked the league and the players for their actions.
Marshall Strowbridge is currently enlisted as an able seaman with Canadian navy.
"Being ordered to (stand) by the leader of a nation, in my eyes is the opposite of freedom," said Strowbridge, who is enlisted at the Naval Fleet School Pacific in Esquimalt on Vancouver Island.
"In my personal opinion it isn't disrespectful," he said. "They're exercising their free right to (protest) which is what soldiers fought for. They fought and died so we could be free and have the freedom to choose."
Protests during the national anthem are becoming more prominent in the United States. For many, it's a matter of freedom of expression. Mike Moore/Kicker
Bill Foote, a retired sergeant from the Canadian Armed Forces Reserves, agrees the protest shouldn't be viewed as a sign of disrespect. The men and women who are enlisted in the armed forces, he said, fight for the right of freedom of speech and expression.
Officially, he said, Canadian soldiers fight for king, queen or country. The reality, he said, is different.
"We do that to give the people, the common person, the civilians, freedom," said Foote. "So my stance, it was and always will be, is that people have the right to express themselves in whatever way they want."
Strowbridge admits there are moments during national anthems which annoy him such as people talking, joking and being "asses" while it's being played.
"If you choose to stand, have the respect to shut up for two minutes," he said. "Even if you don't stand, have the respect to also shut up just out of respect for those who are standing. That's just a personal respect thing in my opinion, not a 'you disrespected veterans' deal."
Strowbridge says it's not about flags or anthems.
"Everybody is free to think and have whatever opinions they want," Strowbridge said. "The kneeling isn't a direct target to the flag and those that protected it. To me it just shows they've lost faith in those that lead their country and one of the fundamental symbols of a country is the anthem and flag."
Shedding light on the Labrador husky
Cortney Lake added to list of over 100 missing and murdered women
Newfoundland Weather Woes
November 5, 2020 Griffen Stuckless 0
Newfoundland is home to temperamental weather and unpredictable climates – but how do people view it on the West Coast versus the East Coast? Griffen Stuckless Kicker
Newfoundland protesters rally against gold mine
February 7, 2019 Nick Travis 0
Concerned locals brave cold to rally at the Confederation Building
Hockey's greatest rivalry
February 2, 2017 Joshua White 0
Ever since the National Hockey League was born, the Montreal Canadiens and the Toronto Maple Leafs have battled it out. Almost a century later, it continues.
Roadside litter still a problem


text:
Language and Culture Research Centre Resources Language Archives Tariana
Tariana, the only Arawak language of the Vaupes River Basin
About LCRC
LCRC Precursor
Number systems in grammar workshop 2018
Basics of Field Linguistics Masterclass
Masterclass - Linguistic Skills for Ethnographic Field Research
'Word' its manifestations and functions
Language contact and the emergence of hybrid grammars
Evidentiality Project
Murui Project
Arawak languages
Warekena of Xie
Selected languages of Tierra del Fuego
Asheninca
Yuhup
International Workshop-The grammar of knowledge
Papua New Guinea activities with Distinguished Professor Alexandria Aikhenvald
Leiden University: A PhD defense 2014
Ersu Gallery
LCRC Bulletins
Publications and Talks list
Pauline Laki Memorial
Tariana is an endangered Arawak language from North-west Amazon. It is spoken by about 100 people in two villages on the Vaupes River, north-west Amazonia, Brazil.
About the Tariana language
by Alexandra Aikhenvald
The Tariana language belongs to the Arawak language family. It is spoken by about 100 people in the multilingual linguistic area of the Vaupés River Basin (northwest Amazonia, Brazil). This area is known (Aikhenvald 2002b) for its multilingual exogamy: one can only marry someone who speaks a different language and belongs to a different tribe. (This area, on the Colombian side, was first described by Sorensen 1967: however, his work is not that relevant for the Brazilian side where Tariana is spoken!). People usually say: 'My brothers are those who share a language with me' and 'We don't marry our sisters'. The other languages in this area belong to the Tucanoan family and they are still spoken by a fair number of people. The basic rule of language choice throughout the Vaupés area is that one should speak the interlocutor's own language. Descent is strictly patrilineal, and consequently, one identifies with one's father's language group. There is a strong cultural inhibition against 'language-mixing', viewed in terms of lexical loans. In its grammatical and semantic structure Tariana combines a number of features inherited from proto-Arawak, with the areal influences from Tucanoan in the form of grammatical calques and diffused patterns.
Tariana was once a dialect continuum spoken in various settlements along the Vaupés river and its tributaries. The Tariana clans used to form a strict hierarchy (according to their order of appearance as stated in the creation myth: see Aikhenvald 1999). Lower-ranking groups in this hierarchy (referred to as 'younger siblings' by their higher-ranking tribes people) would perform various ritual duties for their 'elder siblings'. Each group spoke a different variety of the language. The difference between these varieties is comparable to that between Romance languages.
As the Catholic missions — and with them white influence — expanded, the groups near the top of the hierarchy abandoned the Tariana language in favour of the numerically dominant Tucano language. This process started in the early 1900s. The Tariana language is spoken nowadays just by people from two subtribes of the lowest-ranking group Wamiarikune, in two villages, Santa Rosa and Periquitos. The varieties are mutually intelligible. Most children are not learning Tariana any more. Innovative speakers of Tariana have more Tucanoan-like features in their language than traditional speakers. A literacy program in Tariana is at present under negotiation.
Tariana is a polysynthetic language, agglutinating with some fusion. It has mostly suffixes, with just a few prefixes. Constituent order depends on pragmatics. Younger speakers tend to put the verb last in the sentence, just like speakers of Tucano. There are mainly postpositions, with just one preposition (borrowed from Portuguese).
Tariana has twenty seven consonants (including a series of aspirated stops and preaspirated nasals and glide) and fifteen vowels (a, i, e, u, each with a long and a nasal counterpart), o (with a nasal counterpart), and high central ˆ. Accent is distinctive and of pitch type, as a result of Tucanoan influence.
Underived adjectives form a closed class of about thirty members, while classes of nouns and verbs are open. Verbs divide into transitive and intransitive active, which take prefixes cross-referencing their subject (A/Sa). As is typical for an Arawak language, the same set of prefixes marks possessor on inalienably possessed nouns and the argument of postpositions. Intransitive stative do not take any cross-referencing markers. Unlike any other Arawak language, grammatical relations in Tariana are also marked with cases: topical non-subject case -nuku, focussed subject case -ne/-nhe, instrumental case -ine and locative case -se. This case system for marking core syntactic functions was developed under the Tucanoan influence. The case markers result from the reanalysis of locative suffixes of Arawak origin. A member of any word class can occupy the intransitive predicate slot.
The locative and the instrumental cases can combine with the non-subject topical case if the constituent is topical (thus yielding a peculiar instance of 'double case').
Tariana has a complex system of over forty classifiers which are used as agreement markers on adjectives, as derivational affixes on nouns, and also as numeral and as verbal classifiers; a slightly different system of classifiers is used with demonstratives. A two-way gender opposition (feminine vs. the rest) is used in personal pronouns (third singular and all plural forms, thus contravening established universals) and in verbal cross-referencing. Classifiers are an open class, since any noun with an inanimate referent can be used as a 'repeater' (or 'self-classifier'). Repeaters can be used to mark the agreement with a topical noun while grammaticized classifiers are used for unmarked agreement.
There is an obligatory distinction between singular and plural for nouns with animate referent. Nouns with inanimate referent often refer to substances, and classifier suffixes are attached to them to specify singular reference. For instance, episi means 'iron as a substance', while episi-da (iron-CLASSIFIER:ROUND) means 'axe' and episi-kha (iron-CLASSIFIER:CURVED) means 'wire'. Number agreement is optional for inanimate nouns.
The Tariana verb has a plethora of moods and aspects. It has an elaborate system of marking 'information source', known as evidentiality. Tariana distinguishes visual evidentials (something seen), non-visual evidentials (something heard, or smelt, or felt by touch), inferred evidential (something inferred based on visible results: as one infers that it has rained on the basis of puddles); assumed evidentials (based on general knowledge), and reported evidential. Three tenses (present, recent past and remote past) are combined with evidentials. Traditional stories are typically cast in remote past reported evidential, and autobiographical narratives in visual evidential. Non-visual evidential is used to relate the actions of evil spirits which are not 'seen', and dreams of ordinary people,while prophetic dreams by omniscient shamans are cast in visual evidentials. A reduced set of evidentials is used in questions, while imperatives have just one, reported, evidential (meaning 'do something on someone else's order'). This unusually complex evidentiality system has been largely calqued from Tucanoan languages.
A complicated system of serial verb constructions expresses aspectual, directional and sequential meanings, and also reciprocal and associative meanings. There are three types of causatives. Morphological causatives are formed on intransitive verbs. The same morpheme on a transitive verb indicates an advancement of a peripheral argument of the transitive verb to the core, and/or complete involvement and topicality of the O argument. Periphrastic causatives (indirect causation) and serial causative constructions (direct causation) are used to form causatives of transitive verbs.
When several clauses are combined to form one sentence, all but the main clause are marked differently depending on whether their subject is the same as, or different from, that of the main clause. This feature (known as switch-reference) is shared with the Tucanoan languages.
A detailed reference grammar is in Aikhenvald (2003). Aikhenvald (2002a) is a comprehensive dictionary, while Aikhenvald (1999) contains a text collection and an outline of the Tariana ethnography with an account of the kinship system (which is of Dravidian type).
Aikhenvald, A. Y. (1999). Tariana texts and cultural context. Munich: Lincom Europa.
Aikhenvald, A. Y. (2002a). Dicionário Tariana-Português e Português-Tariana. Belém: Museu Goeldi.
Aikhenvald, A. Y. (2002b). Language contact in Amazonia. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Aikhenvald, A. Y. (2003). A grammar of Tariana, from northwest Amazonia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Sorensen, A. P. Jr. (1967). 'Multilingualism in the Northwest Amazon.' American Anthropologist 69, 670-84 (reprinted in 1972 In Pride, J. B. and Holmes, J. (eds.) Sociolinguistics. Harmondsworth: Penguin Modern Linguistics readings. 78-93 )
Classifiers in Tariana (PDF, 5354 KB)
Areal Diffusion (PDF, 4678 KB)
Studies in Language (PDF, 876 KB)
Systems of nominal classification (PDF, 633 KB)
Language awareness and correct speech (PDF, 2405 KB)
Reciprocal Constructions volume 3 (PDF, 450 KB)
Areal typology and grammaticalization (PDF, 1176 KB)
Double marketing of syntactic function (PDF, 311 KB)
Grammatical relations (PDF, 485 KB)
Historias Tariana (PDF, 2589 KB)
Language contact and pragmatic notions (PDF, 233 KB)
Le Tariana (PDF, 915 KB)
Multilingual imperatives the elaboration (PDF, 227 KB)
Multilingualism and ethnic stereotypes (PDF, 273 KB)
Placenames (PDF, 581 KB)
Studies in Evidentiality (PDF, 1327 KB)
ELL2 (PDF, 63 KB)
Teaching Tariana (PDF, 152 KB)
The adjective class in Tariana (PDF, 1643 KB)
Typology of verbal categories (PDF, 429 KB)
Tariana Dictionary (PDF, 1342 KB)
How to get a Tariana story
These and other sound files are restricted. If you would like to listen to them, e-mail Alexandra.Aikhenvald@jcu.edu.au
Pode tambem entrar em contato com o Rafael Brito ou Jose Luis Brito
Stories by Jorge Muniz (ZIP, 14048 KB), variety of Periquitos. These stories were recorded by Jorge Muniz, one of the few remaining Tariana elders, and a speaker of the dialect of periquitos (May 2012).
Stories by Leonardo Brito (ZIP, 7973 KB). Leonardo Brito is one of the two remaining Tariana elders, and is perhaps the most knowledgeable of all the Wamiarikune people.
Some Tariana stories
The corpus of Tariana collected by Alexandra (Sacha) Aikhenvald, also known as Kumatharo, consists of over forty hours of recordings and over 1000 pages of stories told by speakers of all ages. Some stories are presented here.
Tariana texts and cultural context (PDF, 570 KB)
This story was written by Marino Muniz (a Tariana elder from Periquitos, Kerekerepani) during the pedagogical workshop, June 2000.
Marino writing
This picture was drawn by Marino Muniz (a Tariana elder from Periquitos, Kerekerepani) during the pedagogical workshop, June 2000.
View picture here (JPG, 245 KB)
Other stories:
Cantos (MP3, 7154 KB)
Emi Juvena Leo B (MP3, 5807 KB)
Juvena Maye Leo Emi A (MP3, 7376 KB)
Leo (MP3, 7323 KB)
Maye Saba Jose beginning (MP3, 11040 KB)
Sabi Kiri Rafa Jovi Leo Maye (MP3, 11094 KB)
Tariana Graciliano Site (MP3, 7407 KB)
A Grammar of Tariana, from Northwest Amazonia
This is a comprehensive reference grammar of Tariana written by Prof. Alexandra Aikhenvald, an endangered Arawak language from a remote region in the northwest Amazonian jungle. Its speakers traditionally marry someone speaking a different language, and as a result most people are fluent in five or six languages. Because of this rampant multilingualism, Tariana combines a number of features inherited from the protolanguage with properties diffused from neighbouring but unrelated Tucanoan languages. Typologically unusual features of the language include: an array of classifiers independent of genders, complex serial verbs, case marking depending on the topicality of a noun, and double marking of case and of number. Tariana has obligatory evidentiality: every sentence contains a special element indicating whether the information was seen, heard, or inferred by the speaker, or whether the speaker acquired it from somebody else. This grammar will be a valuable source-book for linguists and others interested in natural languages.
For more details, please visit. http://www.cambridge.org/gb/knowledge/isbn/item1170839/?site_locale=en_GB
These maps (drawn by Val Lyons, ANU) were compiled on the trips on the Vaupés river. Each map is accompanied by a list of placenames (supplied by the late Cândido Brito, and his younger brother Leonardo Brito, together with Jovino and José Luis Brito). Translation for each placenames will be supplied shortly (or you could write to Alexandra.Aikhenvald@jcu.edu.au)
Map of Iwitaku Tupyalinumana (PDF, 105 KB)
Map of Yawhipani Iwitaku (PDF, 92 KB)
Map of Yawhipani SGC (PDF, 196 KB)
Pedagogical materials in Tariana (a selection)
This page contains a selection of materials in use by the Escola Indígena Tariana (Iauaretê, Amazonas, Brasil), under the current leadership of Rafael Brito.
Tariana Cartilha (PDF, 5836 KB)
Manual Da Lingua Tariana (PDF, 1948 KB)


text:
Fsf-friends March 2007
41 discussions
Airtel Data Card on Ubuntu
by Javed Rahman
Hi, Has anyone used an AirTel Data Card on Ubuntu to access the internet? Any tips on how to do this? I haven't bought the card yet. I just wanna make sure it works before i buy it. Just in case this is helpful : I am using ubuntu edgy on a sony vaio vgn-fe48g. Thanks in advance, Javed.
15 years, 10 months
Torvalds 'pretty pleased' with new draft.
by Debarshi 'Rishi' Ray
>From the ILUG-Cochin mailing list: Date: Thu, 29 Mar 2007 09:24:51 -0700 (PDT) From: Binny V Abraham Subject: [Mailinglist] Torvalds 'pretty pleased' about new GPL 3 draft To: ILug Cochin Mailing List <mailinglist_AT_ilug-cochin_DOT_org> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 According to CNet, Linus Torvalds is 'pretty pleased' with the current GPL v3 draft. He said, 'Unlike the earlier drafts, it at least seems to not sully the good name of the GPL any more.' After his earlier criticism, some had questioned whether such controversies would lead to rifts in the community, especially if the kernel ended up under a different license than the GNU tools. But with the latest revisions, Linus will entertain moving the kernel over to the GPL v3. Read more here... http://news.com.com/2061-10795_3-6171300.html That's good news! Binny V A http://binnyva.blogspot.com/ -- GPG key ID: 63D4A5A7 Key server: pgp.mit.edu
Re: [Fsf-friends] With Vista, Microsoft could effectively hasten the obsolescence of half the world's PCs ...
by Ajay Pal Singh Atwal
A little addition. ----- Frederick Noronha <fred(a)bytesforall.org> wrote: > http://www.techworld.com/opsys/news/index.cfm?newsid=8226 > > > That's because, according to a report by the Department of Government > Commerce about Open Source Software Trials in Government, open source > software has lower hardware requirements and needs less frequent > hardware refreshes. Not a unique feature of GNU/ Linux but because we have the freedom to tailor **our** OS as per our hardware. Maybe it is a feature we get with GNU GPL. ---- snip -------- > The report continued: "Open Source operating systems such as Linux do > not usually have the regular major upgrades that are a feature of > Windows, and thus do not have the requirement that goes with these > upgrades for a new or upgraded computer to run them." It is pure economics. If MS aint selling software from where the money will come. Anyway MS need to **force** the users to upgrade (read as to force them to shell out money) somehow; and also create a monopoly. -- snip -- > > Greenpeace went on to argue that Microsoft should have considered > this > when producing its new OS. > So what do you want a poor bill? -- Sincerely Ajay Pal Singh Atwal Dept of CSE & IT BBSBEC, Fatehgarh Sahib Punjab, INDIA -------------------------------- http://www.bbsbec.ac.in http://www.ajaypal.com -------------------------------- ajaypal[at]bbsbec.org, ajaypal[at]acm.org
posting from news << >> mail gateway
by Mahesh T. Pai
For the list admin(s) - what prevents opening up posts to this list via gmane news <> Mail gateway? You can enable this from here ``list administrative interface'' > ``Mail << >> News geteway'' -- Mahesh T. Pai <<>> http://paivakil.blogspot.com/
With Vista, Microsoft could effectively hasten the obsolescence of half the world's PCs ...
by Frederick Noronha
http://www.techworld.com/opsys/news/index.cfm?newsid=8226 [GNU] Linux makes for greener computing By Manek Dubash, Techworld The UK Government reckons that servers with Linux installed are greener than those running Windows. That's because, according to a report by the Department of Government Commerce about Open Source Software Trials in Government, open source software has lower hardware requirements and needs less frequent hardware refreshes. In particular, it said that: "for equivalent open source and Microsoft Windows systems, the open source system will require less memory and a slower processor speed for the same functionality." It points out that Windows needs a hardware refresh every three to four years, while a Linux box might need a new platform as infrequently as every six to eight years - half as often. The report continued: "Open Source operating systems such as Linux do not usually have the regular major upgrades that are a feature of Windows, and thus do not have the requirement that goes with these upgrades for a new or upgraded computer to run them." The report then concludes that the reduction in hardware demands brings environmental benefits, because it translates into lower energy requirements and less waste, "reducing landfill requirements and costs arising from disposal of redundant equipment." The report also coincides with Tory shadow chancellor George Osbourne's call for the use of more open source software in government. He said that the UK government could save in excess of £600 million a year if more open source software was deployed across various departments. But if the timing of the report is good news for the open source community, it's possibly less welcome for others. Microsoft Windows Vista has just been released to a flurry of criticism from environmental groups such as Greenpeace who slammed Microsoft for the hardware-hungriness of Vista, saying that upgraders will "will trigger a deluge of e-waste in developing countries." Beau Baconguis, Greenpeace's southeast Asia toxics campaigner, argued that: "With Vista, Microsoft could effectively hasten the obsolescence of half the world's PCs, especially in the absence of fully-functioning global take back systems for PCs. Companies will feel the need to upgrade more computers sooner - and when they do, the world is unfortunately not prepared for the massive e-waste the upgrades will generate." Greenpeace went on to argue that Microsoft should have considered this when producing its new OS. It's a problem for which a solution will need to be found eventually. While most enterprises have few if any plans right now to move their desktops onto the new OS, most will eventually be forced to migrate as Microsoft starts to implement its phased withdrawal of support for Windows XP under its public life-cycle policy. This is some way off, although the company has announced that the availability of licences for Windows XP Professional would be withdrawn for OEMs after 28 January 2008, and for system builders a year later. Mainstream support for XP Pro ends on 14 April 2009 while extended support - in other words, paid-for support - ends five years later. Before that happens, Vista - or maybe even its more hardware-hungry successor - will have become the only commercial OS choice. SEE: http://www.arb.ca.gov/oss/articles/Report-v8d.pdf -- FN M: 0091 9822122436 P: +91-832-240-9490 (after 1300IST please) http://fn.goa-india.org http://fredericknoronha.wordpress.com What bloggers are saying about Goa: http://planet.goa-india.org/
Fwd: FW: Query on ICT tools for the blind
Can someone help pls? FN ---------- Forwarded message ---------- From: sajan venniyoor <s.venniyoor(a)unesco.org> Date: 27-Mar-2007 17:57 Subject: FW: Query on ICT tools for the blind To: frederick.noronha(a)gmail.com Dear Rico, Dipendra Manocha of the National Association for the Blind has raised an important query concerning ICT tools for the blind (see below). Since you have a considerable knowledge of the kind of ICT tools that Manocha is referring to, could you kindly respond to his query? I would really appreciate an early reply. Warm regards, Sajan Sajan Venniyoor Resource Person and Moderator ICT for Development Community UN Solution Exchange UNESCO House B-5/29, Safdarjung Enclave New Delhi - 110 029 Ph: 91-11-26713000 Extn: 207 Query: ICT tools for Visually Impaired Persons-Examples.Reply by 2 April 2007 Dear Members, Information Technology has the potential to revolutionize the way blind people read and write, and make them totally independent for all their reading and writing needs. ICT is a revolution for persons with vision impairment. A computer becomes a basic reading and writing tool for the blind or persons with low vision; thus it means much more to them than it does for persons without vision impairment. For example, a computer can become a printed text reader for them if we combine the scanner, OCR (optical character recognition) and TTS (text-to-speech) engine technology. Unfortunately, all this is currently available only in English and other European languages. The TTS being made for Indian languages does not follow standards such as SAPI (Speech Application Programming Interface), which means these cannot be used "out of the box" with any existing applications. Until these technologies are available for Indian languages, persons with blindness in India will remain on the dark side of the digital divide and will be forced to remain dependent on others for basic tasks like writing and reading a letter, reading books or writing examinations. Most of the access technology tools built for people with blindness and limited vision are built on the two basic building blocks of OCR software and TTS engines, and any information on these would be invaluable for people with vision impairment. · Is the community aware of any good OCR software available for Indian languages? · Does anyone have information about text to speech engines for any Indian language which is fully SAPI compliant? I would be grateful if members of the ICTD community could provide examples of such software. Dipendra Manocha National Association for the Blind - Delhi State Branch New Delhi -- FN M: 0091 9822122436 P: +91-832-240-9490 (after 1300IST please) http://fn.goa-india.org http://fredericknoronha.wordpress.com What bloggers are saying about Goa: http://planet.goa-india.org/
Mumbai cyber cafe license requirement makes Microsoft OS mandatory
Have just learnt that under the recently announced licensing scheme for the cyber cafes in Mumbai, the Mumbai police under its list of requirement vide point no 14 insists on a copy of Microsoft Open License. This license fee is apparently prohibitive and apparently still unclear on the licensing term for public use, and, restrains cyber cafe operators from choosing any other alternative operating systems. I would like to hear from others who have more details. Specially someone in Mumbai. --FN -- FN M: 0091 9822122436 P: +91-832-240-9490 (after 1300IST please) http://fn.goa-india.org http://fredericknoronha.wordpress.com What bloggers are saying about Goa: http://planet.goa-india.org/
never knew about so many voip programs
by Kussh
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_VoIP_software
Malayalam & Google Summer of Code: Student Reminder!
by Anivar Aravind
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- Hash: SHA1 With the usual apologies of X-posting Just a friendly reminder that the Google Summer of Code deadline for student proposals is extended to March 26th — that's Monday of this week. And remember the time zone difference. Up until now, we , Swathnthra Malayalam Computing have received 17 proposals, and it is crucial that you get it touch with us using the SMC-discuss Mailing list <http://groups.google.com/group/smc-discuss>, so we know that you are applying, and can guide you in your proposal writing. We have 5 mentors to help you, and we'll do our best to make your project a successful one. Know of anybody that is a part-time or full-time student and would like to earn $4500 this summer by participating in Google's sponsorship program, and make Malayalam Computing better? Tell them about this! :) Full details can be found in the original Summer of Code 2007 announcement: http://fci.wikia.com/wiki/SMC/SoC/2007 Thanks, and good luck! Anivar - -- Anivar Aravind Global Alternate Information Applications(GAIA) Peringavu.P.O Thrissur-680018 India Ph. +91 9446545336 -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- Version: GnuPG v1.4.3 (GNU/Linux) iD8DBQFGBX+YF+jWtLmEaycRAlq7AKCEXBz05BvVdDCei0gWS0ADa2ffFwCdFHoI iRsnWbDhJdO6t9Y38fiXO3Q= =1AsK -----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
Re: [Fsf-friends] The game may well be over...
----- Amol Hatwar <amol(a)hatwar.org> wrote: -- snip snip --- > We have Free Software, what about Free Hardware (Simputer ishtyle) or > > even a Free Network. Now thats thinking too far isn't it :o) Free networks are already there, don't forget the community wireless networks there are so many (though none in India), just make a search for it on any search engine. -- Sincerely Ajay Pal Singh Atwal Dept of CSE & IT BBSBEC, Fatehgarh Sahib Punjab, INDIA -------------------------------- http://www.bbsbec.ac.in http://www.ajaypal.com -------------------------------- ajaypal[at]bbsbec.org, ajaypal[at]acm.org
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Requirement: There is a software product that can be sold to different customers, but the provider wants to keep the sensible data of the customer in separate data sources. Every customer/login has only access to exactly one data source.
If you are interested in the details about the different possibilities, I refer to the Spring Reference Manual.
Customers get a pile of logins which are associated to a specific customer key, which should delegate to the correct database. There is always only one database relevant per customer.
Quick as a shot, the experienced Spring developer will refer to the 'AbstractRoutingDataSource' which stores a Map of data sources internally. Based on your implementation of determineCurrentLookupKey() – typically a ThreadLocal value is accessed – the correct data source from the internal map is chosen for opening a connection. The Spring Security experts will quickly show you how to introduce the customer key to your current session which you can easily access in your AbstractRoutingDataSource. It looks even more powerful in combination with Jndi, because it provides a look-up mechanism to search for JndiResources based on names.
The Jndi lookup strategy hides the actual data sources and does not expose them to the Spring context. But sometimes it is good to have them for example if you think of database migration approaches like Flyway for example.
For now, lets forget about these problems. We want to use the AbstractRoutingDataSource but without Jndi lookup functionality and don't care about Hibernate performance ;).
Initially, when the application was rolled out for the first time, there was only one customer present. Apart from that, a demo customer was created to prove the multiple-customer feature. No one was really complaining about the fact that a developer needs to insert the data source configuration for every new customer. Everything looked good, until the day came, where a second customer was contracted. First of all we should set up a test environment, with a separate data source. Then the real one. Temporarily we thought about having a fifth 'customer' for running various integration tests. The team finally recognized, that the task of setting up the data source beans should be pushed to OPS somehow, because they already have to define the correct JndiResource in the servlet context.
New developer-driven requirement: Setting up a new customer is an OPS task, hence, introducing a new data source should not affect the development team, because there is nothing to develop!
A first brainstorming session brought up only one obvious idea: We need to partly expose our Spring XML config. "With great power comes great responsibility" and to be honest, no one really wants to share the power of configuring a Spring container.
My idea was to have our very own Spring Bean definition approach which does not affect the war file! I immediately started to search for bean definition alternatives and also stumbled upon the Spring JdbcBeanDefinitionReader and the above mentionedPropertiesBeanDefinitionReader. Both classes helped me understanding how Spring internally collects all the different bean definition details before initializing the beans. (A good resource for understanding, how a Spring ApplicationContext gets initialized is this SpringONE presentation.) I got temporarily discouraged, as I saw, that I can't simply add a BeanDefinitionReader implementation somewhere, to an ApplicationContext. It felt wrong to implement my own ApplicationContext so I had one last chance. The fourth link provides an approach how to programatically create bean definitions with a BeanFactoryPostProcessor (BFPP) implementation. When you first read the javadoc it sounds a bit like the wrong way, even the bean name itself does not really imply to create bean definitions. Second thing is, that BFPP implementations assume, that all bean definitions are already in place, so the order of execution would become essential. But we are lucky, "there is some Spring for it" of course ;). In Spring 3.0.1 an interface extension to BFPP was introduced, the BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor (BDRPP) (I love these names :)).
I decided to go for it and confined myself for a prototyping weekend.
The customer keys are identical to the set of possible keys provided by the login mechanism. A user can only have one customerKey assigned.
A single data source is created per customerKey and will be managed by the AbstractRoutingDataSource.
There were many pitfalls an dead-ends coming around this weekend. That's why I prefer to show you the solution and explain why I did it like that.
4.1) How to get the 'customerKey' property injected in a BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor?
If you are lucky and OPS offers you a Servlet 3.0+ environment, the programmatic approach should be self-explanatory.
The presented solution can generally be used for dynamically defining a set of beans of the same type which should take part in the whole Spring bean life cycle.
Why do we want to use Flyway for that.
The current solution lacks the possibility to use Hibernate 2nd level caching. Will there be a solution?
How can I efficiently use the Spring Environment for doing some config magic?
Is there a possibility to inject or create whole maps of beans which would provide access to the beanName and probably be directly injected into the AbstractRoutingDataSource?


This is the coolest Ipod / music player you can buy. The table has been retrofitted with a state of the art multimedia player to play all your favourite music with modern sound quality but the coolest retro styling. These pieces truly are incredible. This piece was featured on Channel 4's Four Rooms tv show and ITV's Soapstar superstar. It then went on to sell in Selfridges.


Switzerland's Christian Democrats (CVP) are considering appealing the result of a 2016 referendum on an initiative to scrap the tax penalty for married couples in the country after it emerged Swiss tax authorities seriously underestimated the scale of the issue.
Currently in Switzerland when two people get married their incomes are combined and taxed jointly, meaning they can lose out compared to cohabiting couples who are taxed separately and therefore each have a tax-free allowance.
Though the Swiss Federal Supreme Court considers it unconstitutional for a married couple to pay more than ten percent of the amount they would have paid as an unmarried cohabiting couple, in practice many married couples do pay considerably more.
In 2016, the Swiss voted on a CVP initiative to scrap this penalty, but the initiative was narrowly rejected at the polls with 50.8 percent of voters turning it down.
Now, however, it has emerged information published by the government about the situation for married couples seriously underestimated the number of people affected.
At the time, 80,000 of Switzerland's total of around 1.5 million married couples were said to be subject to a tax penalty, while the number of couples who came out better off because they were married was reported to be 370,000.
But last Friday, the government came out and said figures showed the number of couples negatively affected by a tax penalty was actually a far higher 454,000 against 324,000 couples who enjoyed a marriage bonus, Swiss daily NZZ reported.
According to the tax department, which is the original source of the error, only couples without children had been included in the figures being used in the lead-up to the 2016 referendum. Couples with children had simply been left out of the picture.
The conservative CVP has responded angrily to the news with party president Gerhard Pfister saying the Swiss people had been lied to by the government, and that middle-class married couples had suffered as a result.
The party is now considering a legal appeal to the Federal Supreme Court, although no final decision has been made, Swiss daily Tages Anzeiger reported.
Pfister said it would then be up to the court to decide whether a possible new vote would go ahead.
If a second vote on the CVP initiative were to go ahead, however, the party would likely face the same obstacle it encountered in 2016. At the time, the Swiss government asked voters to reject the CVP initiative partly because of its "narrow definition of marriage" as being between a man and a woman.
The adoption of legislation based on the CVP proposal would create obstacles for any potential new law on the legalisation of gay marriage in Switzerland.
Meanwhile, the Swiss government in March unveiled its own plans to remove the current federal tax penalty on married couples to make things fairer and encourage more people into the workforce by removing tax penalties on second incomes.
The changes would create a tax shortfall of 1.15 billion francs a year but would mean 15,000 more full-time jobs in the medium term, the government said.


Herbert W. Wetzell, publisher and owner of the McIntosh County Democrat, was born in Bloomington, Illinois, on the 6th of February, 1884, a son of George and Julia (Pratt) Wetzell, the former a native of Virginia and the latter of Ohio. The paternal great-grandfather, Lewis Wetzell,. was a noted Indian fighter of West Virginia and mention of him is made in most histories of the United States. George Wetzell spent forty years of his life in the newspaper business and achieved substantial success in that connection. He published papers at Greenview, Bloomington and Farmer City, Illinois, and in 1907, came to Checotah, then in Indian Territory, where, in partnership with his son, Herbert W., and his son-in-law E. Johnson, he established the McIntosh County Democrat. He was actively associated with the conduct of that sheet until his death in September, 1916, when but fifty-nine years of age. He was a stanch supporter of the Democratic Party and through his paper did all in his power to promote the development of the party. Mrs. Wetzell survives her husband and is living here.
In the acquirement of an education Herbert W. Wetzell attended the public schools of Bloomington, Illinois, and at an early age entered the printing office of his father, learning that trade. He later became a partner of his father in the paper at Farmer City and subsequently induced his father to dispose of the interests there and come to Indian Territory. Since 1907 he has been active in the conduct of the McIntosh County Democrat and since his father's death has operated it alone. The paper has an extensive circulation and is one of the most popular sheets in the county. The plant is equipped with the latest presses and linotype machines and in addition to publishing the paper, a large job printing business is done, work coming in from all sections of the county.
In June, 1908, occurred the marriage of Mr. Wetzell to Miss Tot Aleith Reed and to their union three children have been born: Herbert, Jr., who was born on the 25th of May, 1909; Fred J., born August 7, 1910; and Geraldine Francis, whose birth occurred on the 13th of September, 1916.
Since attaining his Majority Mr. Wetzell has been a stanch supporter of the Democratic Party and the principles for which it stands. He has served as committeeman of the Democratic precinct and he has always taken an active and prominent part in county and state politics. Fraternally he is a thirty-second degree Mason and a member of the Mystic Shrine. He is likewise a member of the Knights of Pythias. The religious faith of the family is that of the Christian Church and Mr. Wetzell is a generous contributor to its support. He is a broad and liberal-minded man, whose purposes of life are high, whose ambition is commendable and whose labors have been resultant of good in all fields in which he has put forth his effort.


text:
Q: assumptions on local rademacher complexities A lot of the work on Local Rademacher complexities of Koltchinskii, and Bartlett for fast rates of convergence is based on Bousquet's version of Talagrand's inequality [1] (Theorem 2.11). However the assumption used by Bousquet is that the space of functions used is countable. Nevertheless, all the results by Koltchinskii and Bartlett ignore this assumption and claim that it holds for arbitrary function spaces.
My question is does the general inequality follows from the countable inequality?
I have been trying to show this but it is not immediate without some continuity assumptions on the empirical process.
The proof of Bousquet also uses the fact that the set can be approximated with finite sets so I do believe it is necessary to have a countable space of functions.
[1] Concentration inequalities and Empirical Processes Theory Applied to the Analysis of Learning Algorithms. Olivier Bousquet, 2002.

A: I do not think the general inequality holds without further qualifications. Separability of the function class is one assumption which enables application of Bousquet's version of Talagrand's inequality, since separability implies that the function admits a countable dense subset.
I recommend looking at "General nonexact oracle inequalities for classes with a subexponential envelope" by Lecué and Mendelson, which can be found here:
http://projecteuclid.org/download/pdfview_1/euclid.aos/1338515139
Specifically, look at at sentence after equation (2.1) on page 843, which mentions that the version of Theorem 2.1 stated there (which is a version of Talagrand's inequality) can be extended from countable classes to those satisfying a separability condition. They go on to mention that one such condition is condition (M) in the paper "Risk bounds for statistical learning" by Massart and Nédélec.
Also, note that Koltchinskii mentions "measurable" when he mentions function classes, which might already impose some restrictions making things go through. Also, Bartlett, Bousquet, and Mendelson discuss measurability of the supremum as a condition in the context of how to treat the sup (search for "measurability" in the journal version their paper on local Rademacher complexities).
You might also get clarification by looking in Talagrand's book "Upper and Lower Bounds for Stochastic Processes" (which entirely subsumes his book "The Generic Chaining"). On page 13, Talagrand comments "A side issue (in particular when $T$ is uncountable) is that what is meant by the quantity $\mathsf{E} \sup_{t \in T} X_t$ is not obvious." He then offers one patch-up, which is to define it as follows:
$\mathsf{E} \sup_{t \in T} = \sup \left\{ \mathsf{E} \sup_{t \in F} X_t ; F \subset T , F \text{ finite} \right\}$.
This is a very good question, and it is hard to get answers, because as explained by Talagrand, issues like this were covered all the time in the pre-1950's era, to the point where people who are well-versed in it no longer have the patience to continue mentioning these issues in papers in any detail.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
using ::testing::_;
using ::testing::Return;

namespace blink {

class ConvertToWebRtcVideoFrameBufferParamTest
    : public ::testing::TestWithParam<
          std::tuple<media::VideoFrame::StorageType, media::VideoPixelFormat>> {
 public:
  ConvertToWebRtcVideoFrameBufferParamTest()
      : resources_(new WebRtcVideoFrameAdapter::SharedResources(nullptr)) {}

 protected:
  scoped_refptr<WebRtcVideoFrameAdapter::SharedResources> resources_;
};

namespace {
std::vector<ConvertToWebRtcVideoFrameBufferParamTest::ParamType> TestParams() {
  std::vector<ConvertToWebRtcVideoFrameBufferParamTest::ParamType> test_params;
  // All formats for owned memory.
  for (media::VideoPixelFormat format :
       GetPixelFormatsMappableToWebRtcVideoFrameBuffer()) {
    test_params.emplace_back(
        media::VideoFrame::StorageType::STORAGE_OWNED_MEMORY, format);
  }
  test_params.emplace_back(
      media::VideoFrame::StorageType::STORAGE_GPU_MEMORY_BUFFER,
      media::VideoPixelFormat::PIXEL_FORMAT_NV12);
  return test_params;
}
}  // namespace

TEST_P(ConvertToWebRtcVideoFrameBufferParamTest, ToI420) {
  const gfx::Size kCodedSize(1280, 960);
  const gfx::Rect kVisibleRect(0, 120, 1280, 720);
  const gfx::Size kNaturalSize(640, 360);

  media::VideoFrame::StorageType storage_type = std::get<0>(GetParam());
  media::VideoPixelFormat pixel_format = std::get<1>(GetParam());
  scoped_refptr<media::VideoFrame> frame = CreateTestFrame(
      kCodedSize, kVisibleRect, kNaturalSize, storage_type, pixel_format);
  rtc::scoped_refptr<webrtc::VideoFrameBuffer> frame_buffer =
      ConvertToWebRtcVideoFrameBuffer(std::move(frame), resources_);

  // The I420 frame should have the same size as the natural size.
  auto i420_frame = frame_buffer->ToI420();
  EXPECT_EQ(i420_frame->width(), kNaturalSize.width());
  EXPECT_EQ(i420_frame->height(), kNaturalSize.height());
}

INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(
    ConvertToWebRtcVideoFrameBufferParamTest,
    ConvertToWebRtcVideoFrameBufferParamTest,
    ::testing::ValuesIn(TestParams()),
    [](const auto& info) {
      return base::StrCat(
          {media::VideoFrame::StorageTypeToString(std::get<0>(info.param)), "_",
           media::VideoPixelFormatToString(std::get<1>(info.param))});
    });

TEST(ConvertToWebRtcVideoFrameBufferTest, ToI420ADownScale) {
  const gfx::Size kCodedSize(1280, 960);
  const gfx::Rect kVisibleRect(0, 120, 1280, 720);
  const gfx::Size kNaturalSize(640, 360);
  scoped_refptr<WebRtcVideoFrameAdapter::SharedResources> resources =
      new WebRtcVideoFrameAdapter::SharedResources(nullptr);

  // The adapter should report width and height from the natural size for
  // VideoFrame backed by owned memory.
  auto owned_memory_frame =
      CreateTestFrame(kCodedSize, kVisibleRect, kNaturalSize,
                      media::VideoFrame::STORAGE_OWNED_MEMORY,
                      media::VideoPixelFormat::PIXEL_FORMAT_I420A);
  rtc::scoped_refptr<webrtc::VideoFrameBuffer> owned_memory_frame_buffer =
      ConvertToWebRtcVideoFrameBuffer(std::move(owned_memory_frame), resources);
  EXPECT_EQ(owned_memory_frame_buffer->width(), kNaturalSize.width());
  EXPECT_EQ(owned_memory_frame_buffer->height(), kNaturalSize.height());

  // The I420A frame should have the same size as the natural size
  auto i420a_frame = owned_memory_frame_buffer->ToI420();
  ASSERT_TRUE(i420a_frame);
  EXPECT_EQ(webrtc::VideoFrameBuffer::Type::kI420A, i420a_frame->type());
  EXPECT_EQ(i420a_frame->width(), kNaturalSize.width());
  EXPECT_EQ(i420a_frame->height(), kNaturalSize.height());
}

TEST(ConvertToWebRtcVideoFrameBufferTest,
     Nv12WrapsGmbWhenNoScalingNeeededWithFeature) {
  const gfx::Size kCodedSize(1280, 960);
  const gfx::Rect kVisibleRect(0, 120, 1280, 720);
  // Same size as visible rect so no scaling.
  const gfx::Size kNaturalSize = kVisibleRect.size();
  scoped_refptr<WebRtcVideoFrameAdapter::SharedResources> resources =
      new WebRtcVideoFrameAdapter::SharedResources(nullptr);

  auto gmb_frame =
      CreateTestFrame(kCodedSize, kVisibleRect, kNaturalSize,
                      media::VideoFrame::STORAGE_GPU_MEMORY_BUFFER);

  // The adapter should report width and height from the natural size for
  // VideoFrame backed by GpuMemoryBuffer.
  rtc::scoped_refptr<webrtc::VideoFrameBuffer> gmb_frame_buffer =
      ConvertToWebRtcVideoFrameBuffer(std::move(gmb_frame), resources);
  EXPECT_EQ(gmb_frame_buffer->width(), kNaturalSize.width());
  EXPECT_EQ(gmb_frame_buffer->height(), kNaturalSize.height());

  // Under feature, expect that the adapted frame is NV12 with frame should
  // have the same size as the natural size.
  auto* nv12_frame = gmb_frame_buffer->GetNV12();
  ASSERT_TRUE(nv12_frame);
  EXPECT_EQ(webrtc::VideoFrameBuffer::Type::kNV12, nv12_frame->type());
  EXPECT_EQ(nv12_frame->width(), kNaturalSize.width());
  EXPECT_EQ(nv12_frame->height(), kNaturalSize.height());

  // Even though we have an NV12 frame, ToI420 should return an I420 frame.
  auto i420_frame = gmb_frame_buffer->ToI420();
  ASSERT_TRUE(i420_frame);
  EXPECT_EQ(i420_frame->width(), kNaturalSize.width());
  EXPECT_EQ(i420_frame->height(), kNaturalSize.height());
}

TEST(ConvertToWebRtcVideoFrameBufferTest, Nv12ScalesGmbWithFeature) {
  const gfx::Size kCodedSize(1280, 960);
  const gfx::Rect kVisibleRect(0, 120, 1280, 720);
  const gfx::Size kNaturalSize(640, 360);
  scoped_refptr<WebRtcVideoFrameAdapter::SharedResources> resources =
      new WebRtcVideoFrameAdapter::SharedResources(nullptr);

  auto gmb_frame =
      CreateTestFrame(kCodedSize, kVisibleRect, kNaturalSize,
                      media::VideoFrame::STORAGE_GPU_MEMORY_BUFFER);

  // The adapter should report width and height from the natural size for
  // VideoFrame backed by GpuMemoryBuffer.
  rtc::scoped_refptr<webrtc::VideoFrameBuffer> gmb_frame_buffer =
      ConvertToWebRtcVideoFrameBuffer(gmb_frame, resources);
  EXPECT_EQ(gmb_frame_buffer->width(), kNaturalSize.width());
  EXPECT_EQ(gmb_frame_buffer->height(), kNaturalSize.height());

  // Under feature, expect that the adapted frame is NV12 with frame should
  // have the same size as the natural size.
  auto* nv12_frame = gmb_frame_buffer->GetNV12();
  ASSERT_TRUE(nv12_frame);
  EXPECT_EQ(webrtc::VideoFrameBuffer::Type::kNV12, nv12_frame->type());
  EXPECT_EQ(nv12_frame->width(), kNaturalSize.width());
  EXPECT_EQ(nv12_frame->height(), kNaturalSize.height());

  // Even though we have an NV12 frame, ToI420 should return an I420 frame.
  auto i420_frame = gmb_frame_buffer->ToI420();
  ASSERT_TRUE(i420_frame);
  EXPECT_EQ(i420_frame->width(), kNaturalSize.width());
  EXPECT_EQ(i420_frame->height(), kNaturalSize.height());
}

TEST(ConvertToWebRtcVideoFrameBufferTest, Nv12OwnedMemoryFrame) {
  const gfx::Size kCodedSize(1280, 960);
  const gfx::Rect kVisibleRect(0, 120, 1280, 720);
  const gfx::Size kNaturalSize = kVisibleRect.size();
  scoped_refptr<WebRtcVideoFrameAdapter::SharedResources> resources =
      new WebRtcVideoFrameAdapter::SharedResources(nullptr);

  // The adapter should report width and height from the natural size for
  // VideoFrame backed by owned memory.
  auto owned_memory_frame =
      CreateTestFrame(kCodedSize, kVisibleRect, kNaturalSize,
                      media::VideoFrame::STORAGE_OWNED_MEMORY,
                      media::VideoPixelFormat::PIXEL_FORMAT_NV12);
  rtc::scoped_refptr<webrtc::VideoFrameBuffer> owned_memory_frame_buffer =
      ConvertToWebRtcVideoFrameBuffer(std::move(owned_memory_frame), resources);
  EXPECT_EQ(owned_memory_frame_buffer->width(), kNaturalSize.width());
  EXPECT_EQ(owned_memory_frame_buffer->height(), kNaturalSize.height());

  // The NV12 frame should have the same size as the visible rect size
  auto* nv12_frame = owned_memory_frame_buffer->GetNV12();
  ASSERT_TRUE(nv12_frame);
  EXPECT_EQ(webrtc::VideoFrameBuffer::Type::kNV12, nv12_frame->type());
  EXPECT_EQ(nv12_frame->width(), kVisibleRect.size().width());
  EXPECT_EQ(nv12_frame->height(), kVisibleRect.size().height());
}

TEST(ConvertToWebRtcVideoFrameBufferTest, Nv12ScaleOwnedMemoryFrame) {
  const gfx::Size kCodedSize(1280, 960);
  const gfx::Rect kVisibleRect(0, 120, 1280, 720);
  const gfx::Size kNaturalSize(640, 360);
  scoped_refptr<WebRtcVideoFrameAdapter::SharedResources> resources =
      new WebRtcVideoFrameAdapter::SharedResources(nullptr);

  // The adapter should report width and height from the natural size for
  // VideoFrame backed by owned memory.
  auto owned_memory_frame =
      CreateTestFrame(kCodedSize, kVisibleRect, kNaturalSize,
                      media::VideoFrame::STORAGE_OWNED_MEMORY,
                      media::VideoPixelFormat::PIXEL_FORMAT_NV12);
  rtc::scoped_refptr<webrtc::VideoFrameBuffer> owned_memory_frame_buffer =
      ConvertToWebRtcVideoFrameBuffer(std::move(owned_memory_frame), resources);
  EXPECT_EQ(owned_memory_frame_buffer->width(), kNaturalSize.width());
  EXPECT_EQ(owned_memory_frame_buffer->height(), kNaturalSize.height());

  // The NV12 frame should have the same size as the natural size.
  auto* nv12_frame = owned_memory_frame_buffer->GetNV12();
  ASSERT_TRUE(nv12_frame);
  EXPECT_EQ(webrtc::VideoFrameBuffer::Type::kNV12, nv12_frame->type());
  EXPECT_EQ(nv12_frame->width(), kNaturalSize.width());
  EXPECT_EQ(nv12_frame->height(), kNaturalSize.height());
}

TEST(ConvertToWebRtcVideoFrameBufferTest,
     TextureFrameIsBlackWithNoSharedResources) {
  const gfx::Size kCodedSize(1280, 960);
  const gfx::Rect kVisibleRect(0, 120, 1280, 720);
  const gfx::Size kNaturalSize(640, 360);

  // The adapter should report width and height from the natural size for
  // VideoFrame backed by owned memory.
  auto owned_memory_frame = CreateTestFrame(
      kCodedSize, kVisibleRect, kNaturalSize, media::VideoFrame::STORAGE_OPAQUE,
      media::VideoPixelFormat::PIXEL_FORMAT_NV12);
  rtc::scoped_refptr<webrtc::VideoFrameBuffer> frame_buffer =
      ConvertToWebRtcVideoFrameBuffer(std::move(owned_memory_frame), nullptr);
  EXPECT_EQ(frame_buffer->width(), kNaturalSize.width());
  EXPECT_EQ(frame_buffer->height(), kNaturalSize.height());

  // The NV12 frame should have the same size as the natural size, but be black
  // since we can't handle the texture with no shared resources.
  auto i420_frame = frame_buffer->ToI420();
  ASSERT_TRUE(i420_frame);
  EXPECT_EQ(i420_frame->width(), kNaturalSize.width());
  EXPECT_EQ(i420_frame->height(), kNaturalSize.height());
  EXPECT_EQ(0x0, i420_frame->DataY()[0]);
  EXPECT_EQ(0x80, i420_frame->DataU()[0]);
  EXPECT_EQ(0x80, i420_frame->DataV()[0]);
}

TEST(ConvertToWebRtcVideoFrameBufferTest,
     ConvertsTextureFrameWithSharedResources) {
  const gfx::Size kCodedSize(1280, 960);
  const gfx::Rect kVisibleRect(0, 120, 1280, 720);
  const gfx::Size kNaturalSize(640, 360);

  scoped_refptr<MockSharedResources> resources =
      base::MakeRefCounted<MockSharedResources>();

  // The adapter should report width and height from the natural size for
  // VideoFrame backed by owned memory.
  auto owned_memory_frame = CreateTestFrame(
      kCodedSize, kVisibleRect, kNaturalSize, media::VideoFrame::STORAGE_OPAQUE,
      media::VideoPixelFormat::PIXEL_FORMAT_NV12);

  scoped_refptr<media::VideoFrame> memory_frame =
      CreateTestFrame(kCodedSize, kVisibleRect, kNaturalSize,
                      media::VideoFrame::STORAGE_OWNED_MEMORY,
                      media::VideoPixelFormat::PIXEL_FORMAT_ARGB);
  // fill mock image with whilte color.
  memset(memory_frame->data(media::VideoFrame::kARGBPlane), 0xFF,
         kCodedSize.GetArea() * 4);

  // Should call texture conversion.
  resources->ExpectCreateFrameWithRealImplementation();
  resources->ExpectCreateTemporaryVectorBufferWithRealImplementation();
  resources->ExpectReleaseTemporaryVectorBufferWithRealImplementation();
  EXPECT_CALL(*resources, ConstructVideoFrameFromTexture(_))
      .WillOnce(Return(memory_frame));

  rtc::scoped_refptr<webrtc::VideoFrameBuffer> frame_buffer =
      ConvertToWebRtcVideoFrameBuffer(std::move(owned_memory_frame), resources);
  EXPECT_EQ(frame_buffer->width(), kNaturalSize.width());
  EXPECT_EQ(frame_buffer->height(), kNaturalSize.height());

  // The NV12 frame should have the same size as the natural size, but be black
  // since we can't handle the texture with no shared resources.
  auto i420_frame = frame_buffer->ToI420();
  ASSERT_TRUE(i420_frame);
  EXPECT_EQ(i420_frame->width(), kNaturalSize.width());
  EXPECT_EQ(i420_frame->height(), kNaturalSize.height());
  // Returned memory frame should not be replaced by a black frame.
  EXPECT_NE(0x0, i420_frame->DataY()[0]);
}
}  // namespace blink

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#4 Jimmy John's Ford Fusion - Kevin Harvick grew up in Bakersfield, California. Since joining Stewart-Haas Racing (SHR) in 2014, Kevin Harvick has established himself as the fastest, most dominant and consistent driver in the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series. A championship in 2014 followed by a runner-up finish in the 2015 standings coupled with 12 wins, 11 poles and an astounding 5,815 laps led cement this assertion. Yet Harvick's fourth year with SHR and his 17th in the NASCAR Cup Series marks a new era for both driver and team. Kit features seated racing driver figure, pre-painted black window edges, full engine, interior, and trunk detail, plus chrome plated parts and more.


We are excited to see your designs for our union's new logo!
A big thank you to the previous Executive Committee for all their support and hard work on behalf of PSAC Local 40004 members! A new Executive Committee was elected at the last Annual General Meeting and we look forward to getting to know our members.
Congratulations to the graduate student employees at the University of Saskatchewan for securing our first collective agreement!!!
For a reminder of what's included, please see the following link.
The latest bargaining update from our bargaining team is now available. Past updates from the bargaining team can be found under the "Bargaining Updates" tab above. Please join us for our Annual General Meeting (Thursday March 30th, 5pm, Arts 263) to show the university that we have an active membership that is a valuable part of this institution that needs to be taken seriously.
More information about the AGM can be found here.