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Philosophy of Action > Practical Reason > Practical Reason, Misc > Desire and Reason
Desire and Reason
Edited by Jonathan Way (University of Southampton)
Deliberation (75)
Desire and Motivation (42)
Instrumental Reasoning (43)
Practical and Theoretical Reasoning (56)
Rational Requirements (84)
Pratical Reason, Misc (91)
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Why Do Desires Rationalize Actions?Alex Gregory - 2018 - Ergo: An Open Access Journal of Philosophy 5.details
I begin the paper by outlining one classic argument for the guise of the good: that we must think that desires represent their objects favourably in order to explain why they can make actions rational (Quinn 1995; Stampe 1987). But what exactly is the conclusion of this argument? Many have recently formulated the guise of the good as the view that desires are akin to perceptual appearances of the good (Oddie 2005; Stampe 1987; Tenenbaum 2007). But I argue that this (...) view fails to capitalize on the above argument, and that the argument is better understood as favouring a view on which desires are belief-like states. I finish by addressing some countervailing claims made by Avery Archer (2016). (shrink)
Exercícios Filosóficos em Epicteto.Diogo Luz - 2018 - Intuitio 11 (2):17-33.details
O presente artigo trata do pensamento de Epicteto pelo viés do exercício (áskēsis), ou seja, por meio de práticas que conduzem ao aperfeiçoamento de quem elege para si o ofício de filósofo. Para tal, inicialmente esclarecemos o que significam os exercícios na filosofia antiga, tendo como subsídio as teses de Pierre Hadot. Logo depois, exploramos seis exercícios que consideramos centrais para o filósofo de Nicópolis, contextualizando com os ensinamentos que estão envolvidos e descrevendo as principais características de seu método. Por (...) fim, defendemos que a importância deste artigo está em esclarecer a áskēsis em Epicteto de maneira a evitar possíveis anacronismos. -/- This article deals with Epictetus' thought through the exercise bias (áskēsis), that is, through the perfectioning practices of those who choose the office of philosophy. In order to do so, we first clarified what exercises in ancient philosophy mean, based on the theses of Pierre Hadot. Continuing, we explore six exercises considered central to the philosopher of Nicopolis, contextualizing with the teachings involved and describing the main characteristics of his method. Finally, we argue that the importance of this article lies in clarifying the áskēsis in Epictetus in order to avoid possible anachronisms. (shrink)
Are All Normative Judgments Desire-Like?Alex Gregory - 2017 - Journal of Ethics and Social Philosophy 12 (1):29-55.details
In this paper I first argue against one attractive formulation of the motivation argument, and against one attractive formulation of noncognitivism. I do so by example: I suggest that other-regarding normative judgments do not seem to have motivational powers and do not seem to be desires. After defending these two claims, I argue that other views can accommodate the motivational role of normative judgment without facing this objection. For example, desire-as-belief theories do so, since such theories only say that some (...) normative judgments constitute desires, not that all such judgments do so. In short, I argue that, if we are seeking a theory that explains the motivational role of normative judgement, some theories are better than others insofar as they do so without committing to the claim that all normative judgements play such a motivational role. (shrink)
La lingua del fuori senso. [REVIEW]Fabio Vergine - 2015 - Il Lavoro Culturale 1.details
Discussione sul testo "Legge, desiderio, capitalismo. L'anti-Edipo tra Lacan e Deleuze" per "Il Lavoro culturale/ISSN 2384-9274".
How Do You Like Me Now?Gerald Hull - manuscriptdetails
These reflections are an attempt to get to the heart of the "reason is the slave of the passions" debate. The whole point of deliberation is to arrive at a choice. What factors persons find to be choice-relevant is a purely empirical matter. This has significant consequences for the views of Hume, Williams, Nagel, Parfit and Korsgaard regarding practical reason.
Affective Experience, Desire, and Reasons for Action.Declan Smithies & Jeremy Weiss - 2019 - Analytic Philosophy 60 (1):27-54.details
What is the role of affective experience in explaining how our desires provide us with reasons for action? When we desire that p, we are thereby disposed to feel attracted to the prospect that p, or to feel averse to the prospect that not-p. In this paper, we argue that affective experiences – including feelings of attraction and aversion – provide us with reasons for action in virtue of their phenomenal character. Moreover, we argue that desires provide us with reasons (...) for action only insofar as they are dispositions to have affective experiences. On this account, affective experience has a central role to play in explaining how desires provide reasons for action. (shrink)
Désir (Avancé).Federico Lauria - 2017 - Encyclopédie Philosophique.details
Les désirs sont centraux pour agir et être heureux. Qu'est-ce qu'un désir ? En quoi les désirs sont-ils importants ? Dans cette entrée, nous tenterons de mettre les mots sur cette expérience si familière et pourtant négligée par la philosophie contemporaine. (1) En guise de préliminaires, nous délimiterons notre objet d'étude à la lumière des principales distinctions entre les désirs et d'autres états mentaux tels que les croyances et intentions, ainsi qu'à l'aide des distinctions classiques parmi les désirs. (2) Notre (...) exploration débutera par l'exposé de diverses facettes du désir : (i) les désirs s'accompagnent de l'apparence du bien; (ii) les désirs nous poussent à agir ; (iii) le monde doit se conformer à nos désirs (la direction d'ajustement monde-esprit); et (iv) les désirs portent sur ce que nous ne pensons pas être réel (le principe de la mort du désir). (3) Dans la troisième partie, nous présenterons les principales conceptions du désir en philosophie contemporaine, particulièrement les deux approches classiques: désirer est faire l'expérience du bien (théorie évaluative) et désirer est être motivé à agir (théorie motivationnelle). Nous esquisserons aussi des théories alternatives: l'approche déontique et neuroscientifique. Après avoir tenté de délimiter le désir, nous examinerons son importance. (4) Nous questionnerons trois types de désir qui occupent une place privilégiée dans nos vies: l'espoir, la curiosité et le désir sexuel. (5) Nous explorerons les bienfaits du désir à travers les théories désidératives du bonheur, des raisons d'agir et de la personnalité. (6) Nous conclurons en discutant les vicissitudes épistémiques du désir ou leur pouvoir de nous faire baigner dans l'illusion (l'auto-duperie). (shrink)
Desires, Whims and Values.Donald C. Hubin - 2003 - The Journal of Ethics 7 (3):315-335.details
Neo-Humean instrumentalists hold that an agent's reasons for acting are grounded in the agent's desires. Numerous objections have been leveled against this view, but the most compelling concerns the problem of "alien desires" - desires with which the agent does not identify. The standard version of neo-Humeanism holds that these desires, like any others, generate reasons for acting. A variant of neo-Humeanism that grounds an agent's reasons on her values, rather than all of her desires, avoids this implication, but at (...) the cost of denying that we have reasons to act on innocent whims. A version of neo-Humeanism that holds that an agent has reason to satisfy all of her desires that are not in conflict with her values appears to allow us to grant the reason-giving force of innocent whims while denying the reason-giving force of alien desires. (shrink)
Eliminating Prudential Reasons.Alex Worsnip - 2018 - Oxford Studies in Normative Ethics 8:236-257.details
I argue, contrary to the consensus of most contemporary work in ethics, that there are no (fundamentally, distinctively) prudential reasons for action. That is to say: there is no class of reasons for action that is distinctively and fundamentally about the promotion of the agent's own well-being. Considerations to do with the agent's well-being can supply the agent with reasons only in virtue of her well-being mattering morally or in virtue of her caring about her own well-being. In both of (...) these cases, the way that such prudential considerations supply reasons for action is a way that the well-being of others can supply reasons for action too. (shrink)
Intentions and Intentionality.Matteo Bianchin - 2015 - Philosophy and Public Issues - Filosofia E Questioni Pubbliche:43-54.details
Michael Thompson recently advanced a "naïve action theory" as an alternative to the "sophisticated" accounts of action displayed by ordinary folk psychology. In what follows I defend the plausibility of intentional psychology and folk psychological explanations. I do this in two ways. First I question that naïve explanations are more naïve than the ones provided by folk psychology and suggest that the latter are phenomenologically prior to the former. Second, I focus on the role of intentionality in deliberation and action (...) planning, suggesting that folk psychology provides a better answer than naïve theory to the question of what makes actions intentional. (shrink)
The Verdictive Organization of Desire.Derek Baker - 2017 - Canadian Journal of Philosophy 47 (5):589-612.details
Deliberation often begins with the question 'What do I want to do?' rather than the question of what one ought to do. This paper takes that question at face value, as a question about which of one's desires is strongest, which sometimes guides action. The paper aims to explain which properties of a desire make that desire strong, in the sense of 'strength' relevant to this deliberative question. Both motivational force and phenomenological intensity seem relevant to a desire's strength; however, (...) accounting for the strength of a desire in these terms opens up significant indeterminacy about what we want. The paper argues that this indeterminacy is often resolved simply by posing the question 'What do I want to do?' to oneself: there is reason to believe that one's answer will play a verdictive role, partially determining what the agent most wants. Self-reflective beliefs can play a self-fulfilling role, and surprisingly this seems to follow from basic platitudes about the belief-desire model. (shrink)
Intelligibility and the Guise of the Good.Paul Boswell - 2018 - Journal of Ethics and Social Philosophy 13 (1):1-31.details
According to the Guise of the Good, an agent only does for a reason what she sees as good. One of the main motivations for the view is its apparent ability to explain why action for a reason must be intelligible to its agent, for on this view, an action is intelligible just in case it seems good. This motivation has come under criticism in recent years. Most notably, Kieran Setiya has argued that merely seeing one's action as good does (...) not suffice to make the action intelligible. In this paper, I show that this objection has bite only because the Guise of the Good's theory of intelligibility has yet seen little sustained articulation. Properly understood, this theory holds that an action is intelligible to an agent only if it appears to them to possess some substantive evaluative property. I then argue that this response to the objection has a significant implication for contemporary Guise of the Good theories, for it shows that the currently ascendant version of the theory, the attitudinal theory, cannot avail itself of the intelligibility motivation. (shrink)
Circularity, Naturalism, and Desire-Based Reasons.Attila Tanyi - 2017 - Res Philosophica 94 (4):451-470.details
In this paper, I propose a critique of the naturalist version of the Desire-Based Reasons Model. I first set the scene by spelling out the connection between naturalism and the Model. After this, I introduce Christine Korsgaard's circularity argument against what she calls the instrumental principle. Since Korsgaard's targets, officially, were non-naturalist advocates of the principle, I show why and how the circularity charge can be extended to cover the naturalist Model. Once this is done, I go on to investigate (...) in some detail the different ways of responding to the circularity challenge. I argue that none of these responses succeed, at least not without serious costs to their advocates. I then end the paper with a brief summary and some concluding remarks. (shrink)
Introduction. Reconsidering Some Dogmas About Desire.Federico Lauria & Julien Deonna - 2017 - In Federico Lauria & Julien Deonna (eds.), The Nature of Desire. New York: Oxford University Press.details
Desire has not been at the center of recent preoccupations in the philosophy of mind. Consequently, the literature settled into several dogmas. The first part of this introduction presents these dogmas and invites readers to scrutinize them. The main dogma is that desires are motivational states. This approach contrasts with the other dominant conception: desires are positive evaluations. But there are at least four other dogmas: the world should conform to our desires (world-to-mind direction of fit), desires involve a positive (...) evaluation (the "guise of the good"), we cannot desire what we think is actual (the "death of desire" principle), and, in neuroscience, the idea that the reward system is the key to understanding desire. The second part of the introduction summarizes the contributions to this volume. The hope is to contribute to the emergence of a fruitful debate on this neglected, albeit crucial, aspect of the mind. (shrink)
Do Desires Provide Reasons? An Argument Against the Cognitivist Strategy.Avery Archer - 2016 - Philosophical Studies 173 (8):2011-2027.details
According to the cognitivist strategy, the desire to bring about P provides reasons for intending to bring about P in a way analogous to how perceiving that P provides reasons for believing that P. However, while perceiving P provides reasons for believing P by representing P as true, desiring to bring about P provides reasons for intending to bring about P by representing P as good. This paper offers an argument against this view. My argument proceeds via an appeal to (...) what I call the non-substitutability of perception, the thesis that, given that there is no independent evidence for P, one cannot substitute something that fails to provide reasons with respect to P for the perceptual experience that P, without altering the rational permissibility of believing that P. By contrast, I argue that it is always possible to substitute something that fails to provide reasons for a desire without altering the rational permissibility of an intention based on said desire. I take this to show that a desire does not provide reasons in a way analogous to perceptual experience. (shrink)
FIVE STEPS TO RESPONSIBILITY.Lisanyuk Elena - 2013 - Revista da Faculdade de Direito da UFMG 63:125-149.details
Responsibility has entered the academic discourse of logicians hardly more than few decades ago. I suggest a logical concept of responsibility which employs ideas both from a number of theories belonging to different branches of logic as well from other academic areas. As a comment to this concept, I suggest five steps narrative scenario in order to show how the logical dimension of responsibility emerges from diverse tendencies in logic and other sciences. Here are the five steps briefly stated: Step (...) 1. Developing modal formalisms capable of evaluative analysis of situations (deontic, epistemic and etc.). Step 2. Drawing a conceptual borderline between normal and non-normal (weak) logical systems. Step 3. Using different kinds of models. Step 4. Agent- and action- friendly turn in logic. Step 5. Creating formalisms for modeling different types of agency. An idea advocated here within 5-Steps route to responsibility is that this concept is a complex causal and evaluative (axiological) relation. A logical account may be given for causal and normative aspects of this relation. Unfolding the responsibility back and forth through 5 Steps will result in different concepts. The technicalities are minimized for the sake of keeping the philosophical scope of the paper. For the same reason I also refrain from discussing legal and juridical ramifications of the issue. (shrink)
The Humean Theory of Motivation Reformulated and Defended.Neil Sinhababu - 2009 - Philosophical Review 118 (4):465-500.details
This essay defends a strong version of the Humean theory of motivation on which desire is necessary both for motivation and for reasoning that changes our desires. Those who hold that moral judgments are beliefs with intrinsic motivational force need to oppose this view, and many of them have proposed counterexamples to it. Using a novel account of desire, this essay handles the proposed counterexamples in a way that shows the superiority of the Humean theory. The essay addresses the classic (...) objection that the Humean theory cannot explain the feeling of obligation, Stephen Darwall's example of motivationally potent reasoning that is not based on preexisting desires, Thomas Scanlon's criticism that the Humean theory fails to account for the structure and phenomenology of deliberation, and the phenomenon of akrasia as discussed by John Searle. In each case a Humean account explains the data at least as thoroughly as opposing views can, while fitting within a simpler total account of how we deliberate and act. (shrink)
Ambivalent Desires and the Problem with Reduction.Derek Baker - 2010 - Philosophical Studies 150 (1):37-47.details
Ambivalence is most naturally characterized as a case of conflicting desires. In most cases, an agent's intrinsic desires conflict contingently: there is some possible world in which both desires would be satisfied. This paper argues, though, that there are cases in which intrinsic desires necessarily conflict—i.e., the desires are not jointly satisfiable in any possible world. Desiring a challenge for its own sake is a paradigm case of such a desire. Ambivalence of this sort in an agent's desires creates special (...) problems for the project of reducing all facts about an agent's desires to facts about his or her preferences over options. If this reductive project fails, there is reason to suspect that the Decision Theory cannot give us a complete theory of Humean rationality. (shrink)
Le désir dans l'approche contractualiste hobbesienne.Marc-Kevin Daoust - 2015 - In Daoust Marc-Kevin (ed.), Le désir et la philosophie. Les Cahiers D'Ithaque. pp. 97-109.details
Ce bref commentaire a trois objectifs. La première section vise à présenter au lecteur la philosophie matérialiste et atomiste de Hobbes. Dans la seconde section, nous exposons le rôle des désirs dans l'escalade du conflit entre les agents dans l'état de nature. Au terme de cette analyse, le lecteur disposera de quelques clés interprétatives pour aborder les chapitres VI et XIII du Léviathan.
Akrasia and Irrationality.Sergio Tenenbaum - 2010 - In Sandis O'Connor (ed.), A Companion to the Philosophy of Action. Blackwell. pp. 274-282.details
A Humean Constructivist Reading of J. S. Mill's Utilitarian Theory.Nicholas Drake - 2016 - Utilitas 28 (2):189-214.details
There is a common view that the utilitarian theory of John Stuart Mill is morally realist and involves a strong kind of practical obligation. This article argues for two negative theses and a positive thesis. The negative theses are that Mill is not a moral realist and that he does not believe in certain kinds of obligations, those involving external reasons and those I call robust obligations, obligations with a particular, strong kind of practical authority. The positive thesis is that (...) Mill's metaethical position can be interpreted as a Humean constructivist view, a metaethical view that is constructivist about value and entails the existence of practical reasons, but not external reasons or robust obligations. I argue that a Humean constructivist reading of Mill's theory is reasonable, and strengthens Mill's argument from desire for the value of happiness, an important but notoriously weak aspect of his theory. (shrink)
Rational Capacities, Resolve, and Weakness of Will.Daniel Cohen & Toby Handfield - 2010 - Mind 119 (476):907 - 932.details
In this paper we present an account of practical rationality and weakness of will in terms of rational capacities. We show how our account rectifies various shortcomings in Michael Smith's related theory. In particular, our account is capable of accommodating cases of weak-willed behaviour that are not `akratic', or otherwise contrary to the agent's better judgement. Our account differs from Smith's primarily by incorporating resolve: a third rational capacity for resolute maintenance of one's intentions. We discuss further two ways to (...) explain the importance of resolve to practical rationality: one based on Richard Holton's recent work, and an alternative, non-consequentialist account. (shrink)
The Guise of the Good.J. David Velleman - 1992 - Noûs 26 (1):3 - 26.details
The agent portrayed in much philosophy of action is, let's face it, a square. He does nothing intentionally unless he regards it or its consequences as desirable. The reason is that he acts intentionally only when he acts out of a desire for some anticipated outcome; and in desiring that outcome, he must regard it as having some value. All of his intentional actions are therefore directed at outcomes regarded sub specie boni: under the guise of the good. This agent (...) is conceived as being capable of intentional action—and hence as being an agent—only by virtue of being a pursuer of value. I want to question whether this conception of agency can be correct. Surely, so general a capacity as agency cannot entail so narrow a cast of mind. Our moral psychology has characterized, not the generic agent, but a particular species of agent, and a particularly bland species of agent, at that. It has characterized the earnest agent while ignoring those agents who are disaffected, refractory, silly, satanic, or punk. I hope for a moral psychology that has room for the whole motley crew. I shall begin by examining why some philosophers have thought that the attitudes motivating intentional actions involve judgments of value. I shall then argue that their conception of these attitudes is incorrect. Finally, I shall argue that practical reason should not be conceived as a faculty for pursuing value. (shrink)
Sobel on Pleasure, Reason, and Desire.Attila Tanyi - 2011 - Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 14 (1):101-115.details
The paper begins with a well-known objection to the idea that reasons for action are provided by desires. The objection holds that since desires are based on reasons (first premise), which they transmit but to which they cannot add (second premise), they cannot themselves provide reasons for action. In the paper I investigate an attack that has recently been launched against the first premise of the argument by David Sobel. Sobel invokes a counterexample: hedonic desires, i.e. the likings and dislikings (...) of our present conscious states. The aim of the paper is to defend the premise by bringing the alleged counterexample under its scope. I first point out that reference to hedonic desires as a counterexample presupposes a particular understanding of pleasure, which we might call desire-based. In response, following Sobel, I draw up two alternative accounts, the phenomenological and the tracking views of pleasure. Although Sobel raises several objections to both accounts, I argue in detail that the phenomenological view is not as implausible as he claims it to be, whereas the tracking view, on its best version advocated by Thomas Scanlon, is an instance of the phenomenological view and is therefore also defensible. (shrink)
Hume on Rational Final Ends.Adrian M. S. Piper - 1988 - Philosophy Research Archives 14:193-228.details
Historically, the view, prevalent in contemporary economics and decision theory as well as philosophy, that rational action consists simply in satisfying one's desires, whatever they may be, as efficiently as possible, is to be found first in Book II of Hume's Treatise of Human Nature. This view has counterintuitive and self-refuting implications, in that it recognizes as rational behavior that may reveal a clear degree of irresponsibility or psychological instability. Accordingly, many Hume scholars have tried to show recently that this (...) view was not Hume's; and that, on the contrary, Hume did supply an account of rational final ends--in his discussion of the calm passions, the "steady and general view" that corrects the biases and contingencies of an individual's desires and perceptions, and elsewhere. But a detailed reconstruction of Hume's views on these matters that assembles all the relevant texts does not support this thesis. Instead, it undermines it. Hence the counterintuitive and self-refuting implications of Hume's view of rational action must be allowed to stand. (shrink)
The Rational/Non-Rational Distinction in Plato's Republic.Todd Ganson - 2009 - Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy 36:179-197.details
An attempt to show that Plato has a unified approach to the rationality of belief and the rationality of desire, and that his defense of that approach is a powerful one.
Le désir et la philosophie.Marc-Kevin Daoust (ed.) - 2015 - Les Cahiers d'Ithaque.details
Quels désirs sont dignes de la raison ? Comment satisfaire nos désirs sans perdre le contrôle de soi ? Ce recueil offre un éclairage sur les différents aspects de ces problèmes. Nous proposons au lecteur un parcours historique, allant de Platon à Hume, sur la question du désir et sa place dans les textes fondateurs de la philosophie.
Incommensurability, Incomparability, and Practical Reason, Ruth Chang (Ed.), Harvard University Press, 1998, 303 Pages. [REVIEW]Adam Morton - 2000 - Economics and Philosophy 16 (1):147-174.details
review of Ruth Chang's collection in which I argue that the apparent agreements between the authors disguise underlying important differences.
Might Desires Be Beliefs About Normative Reasons?Alex Gregory - 2017 - In Julien Deonna & Federico Lauria (eds.), The Nature of Desire. Oxford University Press. pp. 201-217.details
This paper examines the view that desires are beliefs about normative reasons for action. It describes the view, and briefly sketches three arguments for it. But the focus of the paper is defending the view from objections. The paper argues that the view is consistent with the distinction between the direction of fit of beliefs and desires, that it is consistent with the existence of appetites such as hunger, that it can account for counterexamples that aim to show that beliefs (...) about reasons are not sufficient for desire, such as weakness of will, and that it can account for counterexamples that aim to show that beliefs about reasons are not necessary for desire, such as addiction. The paper also shows how it is superior to the view that desires are appearances of the good. (shrink)
Can Desires Provide Reasons for Action?Ruth Chang - 2004 - In R. Jay Wallace, Philip Pettit, Samuel Scheffler & Michael Smith (eds.), Reason and Value: Themes From the Moral Philosophy of Joseph Raz. Oxford University Press. pp. 56--90.details
What sorts of consideration can be normative reasons for action? If we systematize the wide variety of considerations that can be cited as normative reasons, do we find that there is a single kind of consideration that can always be a reason? Desire-based theorists think that the fact that you want something or would want it under certain evaluatively neutral conditions can always be your normative reason for action. Value-based theorists, by contrast, think that what plays that role are evaluative (...) facts (or the facts that subvene them) about what you want, such as the fact that having it would be good in some way. This paper argues that value-based theorists are wrong; if we try to find a single kind of consideration that can always be normative reason, we find that sometimes our reason is the fact that we want something and not any corresponding evaluative fact. (shrink)
Imagination, Desire, and Rationality.Shannon Spaulding - 2015 - Journal of Philosophy 112 (9):457-476.details
We often have affective responses to fictional events. We feel afraid for Desdemona when Othello approaches her in a murderous rage. We feel disgust toward Iago for orchestrating this tragic event. What mental architecture could explain these affective responses? In this paper I consider the claim that the best explanation of our affective responses to fiction involves imaginative desires. Some theorists argue that accounts that do not invoke imaginative desires imply that consumers of fiction have irrational desires. I argue that (...) there are serious worries about imaginative desires that warrant skepticism about the adequacy of the account. Moreover, it is quite difficult to articulate general principles of rationality for desires, and even according to the most plausible of these possible principles, desires about fiction are not irrational. (shrink)
Desires Without Guises: Why We Need Not Value What We Want.Sabine Döring & Bahadir Eker - forthcoming - In Julien Deonna & Federico Lauria (eds.), The Nature of Desire. Oxford University Press.details
Evaluativism about desire, the view that desires just are, or necessarily involve, positive evaluations of their objects, currently enjoys widespread popularity in many philosophical circles. This chapter argues that evaluativism, in both of its doxastic and perceptual versions, overstates and mischaracterises the connection between desires and evaluations. Whereas doxastic evaluativism implausibly rules out cases where someone has a desire, despite evaluating its object negatively, being uncertain about its value, or having no doxastic attitude whatsoever towards its evaluative status at all, (...) perceptual evaluativism cannot even properly apply to the large class of standing desires. It is also argued that evaluativism about desire is not even well-motivated in the first place: the theory is supposed to solve a particular puzzle about the role desires play in the explanation of action, yet, in fact, it does not offer any help whatsoever in dealing with the relevant puzzle. (shrink)
Virtue, Desire, and Silencing Reasons.Neil Sinhababu - 2016 - In Iskra Fileva (ed.), Questions of Character. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 158-168.details
John McDowell claims that virtuous people recognize moral reasons using a perceptual capacity that doesn't include desire. I show that the phenomena he cites are better explained if desire makes us see considerations favoring its satisfaction as reasons. The salience of moral considerations to the virtuous, like the salience of food to the hungry, exemplifies the emotional and attentional effects of desire. I offer a desire-based account of how we can follow uncodifiable rules of common-sense morality and how some reasons (...) can be silenced in deliberation. I conclude by arguing that animals can be virtuous by having the right desires. (shrink)
The Rational Significance of Desire.Avery Archer - 2013 - Dissertation, Columbia Universitydetails
My dissertation addresses the question "do desires provide reasons?" I present two independent lines of argument in support of the conclusion that they do not. The first line of argument emerges from the way I circumscribe the concept of a desire. Complications aside, I conceive of a desire as a member of a family of attitudes that have imperative content, understood as content that displays doability-conditions rather than truth-conditions. Moreover, I hold that an attitude may provide reasons only if it (...) has truth-evaluable content. Insofar as desires lack truth-evaluable content, I hold that the content of a desire has the wrong kind of logical structure to provide reasons. My second line of argument claims that even if a desire did have truth-evaluable content, it would not follow that desires provide reasons. This is because a desire has no more rational significance than a guess or coin-flip. My argument relies on what I call the non-substitutability principle, the thesis that (all things being equal) one cannot substitute something that lacks rational significance, relative to some attitude, A, for something that has rational significance, relative to A, and leave the rational standing of A unchanged. For example, one cannot substitute the guess that P (i.e., something that lacks rational significance relative to the belief that P) for the perception that P (i.e., something that is rationally significant relative to the belief that P) without altering the rational standing of the belief. I argue that when the non-substitutability principle is applied to a desire that gives rise to an intention, it turns out that one can always substitute a guess or coin-flip (i.e., something that lacks rational significance relative to the intention) for the desire, without altering the rational standing of the intention. I take this to show that desires are not rationally significant relative to the intentions to which they give. (shrink)
The Guise of Reasons.Alex Gregory - 2013 - American Philosophical Quarterly 50 (1):63-72.details
In this paper it is argued that we should amend the traditional understanding of the view known as the guise of the good. The guise of the good is traditionally understood as the view that we only want to act in ways that we believe to be good in some way. But it is argued that a more plausible view is that we only want to act in ways that we believe we have normative reason to act in. This change (...) – from formulating the view in terms of goodness to formulating it in terms of reasons – is significant because the revised view avoids various old and new counterexamples to the traditional view, because the revised view is better motivated than the traditional view, and because the revised view is better placed to explain certain features of desire than the traditional view. The paper finishes by showing that the conclusions reached are compatible with theories such as the buck passing account of value. (shrink)
Irrational Desires.Donald C. Hubin - 1991 - Philosophical Studies 62 (1):23 - 44.details
Many believe that the rational evaluation of actions depends on the rational evaluation of even basic desires. Hume, though, viewed desires as "original existences" which cannot be contrary to either truth or reason. Contemporary critics of Hume, including Norman, Brandt and Parfit, have sought a basis for the rational evaluation of desires that would deny some basic desires reason-giving force. I side with Hume against these modern critics. Hume's concept of rational evaluation is admittedly too narrow; even basic desires are, (...) despite their nonrepresentational nature, subject to rational evaluation. But this evaluation is not relevant to their tendency to generate reasons for action, and does not undermine the spirit of the Humean view of rational action. (shrink)
What's Special About Humeanism.Donald C. Hubin - 1999 - Noûs 33 (1):30-45.details
One of the attractions of the Humean instrumentalist theory of practical rationality is that it appears to offer a special connection between an agent's reasons and her motivation. The assumption that Humeanism is able to assert a strong connection between reason and motivation has been challenged, most notably by Christine Korsgaard. She argues that Humeanism is not special in the connection it allows to motivation. On the contrary, Humean theories of practical rationality do connect reasons and motivation in a unique (...) and attractive way, though the nature of this connection has sometimes been misunderstood by both defenders and detractors of the theory. (shrink)
Pain for Objectivists: The Case of Matters of Mere Taste.David Sobel - 2005 - Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 8 (4):437 - 457.details
Can we adequately account for our reasons of mere taste without holding that our desires ground such reasons? Recently, Scanlon and Parfit have argued that we can, pointing to pleasure and pain as the grounds of such reasons. In this paper I take issue with each of their accounts. I conclude that we do not yet have a plausible rival to a desire-based understanding of the grounds of such reasons.
Humean Agent-Neutral Reasons?Daan Evers - 2009 - Philosophical Explorations 12 (1):55 – 67.details
In his recent book Slaves of the Passions , Mark Schroeder defends a Humean account of practical reasons ( hypotheticalism ). He argues that it is compatible with 'genuinely agent-neutral reasons'. These are reasons that any agent whatsoever has. According to Schroeder, they may well include moral reasons. Furthermore, he proposes a novel account of a reason's weight, which is supposed to vindicate the claim that agent-neutral reasons ( if they exist), would be weighty irrespective of anyone's desires. If the (...) argument is successful, it could help avoid an error-theory of moral language. I argue that it isn't, and that we should reject a Humean approach to reasons. (shrink)
Subjectivism and Idealization.David Sobel - 2009 - Ethics 119 (2):336-352.details
Responding to Normativity.Stephen Finlay - 2007 - In Russ Shafer-Landau (ed.), Oxford Studies in Metaethics, Volume 2. Clarendon Press. pp. 220--39.details
I believe that normative force depends on desire. This view faces serious difficulties, however, and has yet to be vindicated. This paper sketches an Argument from Voluntary Response, attempting to establish this dependence of normativity on desire by appeal to the autonomous character of our experience of normative authority, and the voluntary character of our responses to it. I first offer an account of desiring as mentally aiming intrinsically at some end. I then argue that behaviour is only voluntary if (...) it results from such aiming; hence all voluntary behaviour is produced by desire. Full-blooded responses to normativity, I then argue, are voluntary actions: motivation to act arises voluntarily from perception of reasons to act. This fits the desire-based model of normativity but not its rivals. However this argument concludes merely that our responses to normativity are desire-based. I end with some observations about how I think we can bridge the gap from the nature of response to normativity to the nature of normativity itself. (shrink)
Reason and Desire: The Case of Affective Desires.Attila Tanyi - 2010 - European Journal of Analytic Philosophy 6 (2):67-89.details
The paper begins with an objection to the Desire-Based Reasons Model. The argument from reason-based desires holds that since desires are based on reasons (first premise), which they transmit but to which they cannot add (second premise), they cannot themselves provide reasons for action. In the paper I investigate an attack that has recently been launched against the first premise of this argument by Ruth Chang. Chang invokes a counterexample: affective desires. The aim of the paper is to see if (...) there is a way to accommodate the counterexample to the first premise. I investigate three strategies. I first deal with the idea that the motivation for the premise may be the thesis that an action is intentional if and only if it is done under the guise of perceived reasons. This offers us a way of defending the premise: by showing that actions prompted by affective desires are not intentional. I, however, argue that this strategy is unworkable. This brings me to the second strategy. Here I consider the idea that the premise does not require a conscious normative thought on the part of the agent; in fact, it may not require any such thought, conscious or unconscious. I claim that this strategy too is a failure. Finally, the third approach builds normative judgment in the desire. This is the approach that I think works; in particular, recent work by Jennifer Hawkins may help us accommodate affective desires. The challenge of affective desires, I conclude, can be tackled. (shrink)
La paternità dell'eros: il "Simposio" e Freud.Marco Solinas - 2005 - In Gherardo Ugolini (ed.), Die Kraft der Vergangenheit – La forza del passato. Georg Olms Verlag. pp. 231-241.details
Desideri: fenomenologia degenerativa e strategie di controllo.Marco Solinas - 2005 - In Mario Vegetti (ed.), Platone. La Repubblica. Bibliopolis. pp. vol. VI, 471-498.details
Guise of the Good.Sergio Tenenbaum - 2013 - In Hugh LaFollette (ed.), The International Encyclopedia of Ethics. Wiley-Blackwell.details
Via Platonica zum Unbewussten. Platon und Freud (pdf: Inhaltszerzeichnis, Vegetti Vorwort, Einleitung).Marco Solinas - 2012 - Turia + Kant.details
Solinas' Studie untersucht den Einfluss von Platons Anschauungen von Traum, Wunsch und Wahn auf den jungen Freud. Anhand der Untersuchung einiger zeitgenössischer kulturwissenschaftlicher Arbeiten, die bereits in die ersten Ausgabe der Traumdeutung Eingang fanden, wird Freuds nachhaltige Vertrautheit mit den platonischen Lehren erläutert und seine damit einhergehende direkte Textkenntnis der thematisch relevanten Stellen aus Platons Staat aufgezeigt. Die strukturelle Analogie von Freud'schem und platonischem Seelenbegriff wird inhaltlich am Traum als »Königsweg zum Unbewussten«, in dem von Freud selbst angesprochenen Verhältnis von (...) Eros und Libido sowie an den ethischen und moralischen Dimensionen von Traum und Wahn erkennbar. (shrink)
Psiche: Platone e Freud. Desiderio, Sogno, Mania, Eros (pdf: indice, prefazione Vegetti, introduzione, capitolo I).Marco Solinas - 2008 - Firenze University Press.details
Psiche sets up a close-knit comparison between the psychology of Plato's Republic and Freud's psychoanalysis. Convergences and divergences are discussed in relation both to the Platonic conception of the oneiric emergence of repressed desires that prefigures the main path of Freud's subconscious, to the analysis of the psychopathologies related to these theoretical formulations and to the two diagnostic and therapeutic approaches adopted. Another crucial theme is the Platonic eros - the examination of which is also extended to the Symposium and (...) Phaedrus - taken up explicitly by Freud in relation to the concept of libido. Finally, the author also addresses the two themes - of, inter alia, a metapsychological nature - inherent to the moral dimension. -/- Psiche istituisce un confronto ravvicinato tra la psicologia della "Repubblica" di Platone e la psicoanalisi di Freud. Convergenze e divergenze vengono discusse in relazione sia alla concezione platonica dell'emersione onirica dei desideri repressi, che prefigura la via regia per l'inconscio di Freud, sia all'analisi delle psicopatologie correlate a tali impostazioni teoriche, sia ai due approcci diagnostici e terapeutici adottati. Altro tema cruciale è l'eros platonico - la cui disamina viene estesa anche al "Simposio" e al "Fedro" - ripreso esplicitamente da Freud in relazione al concetto di libido. L'autore affronta, infine, le due tematizzazioni, di natura metapsicologica e non solo, inerenti alla dimensione morale. (shrink)
Unterdrückung, Traum und Unbewusstes in Platons "Politeia" und bei Freud.Marco Solinas - 2004 - Philosophisches Jahrbuch 111 (1):90-112.details
The essay concerns the reconstruction of the repression of desires, with reference to the analysis of their oneiric emersions expounded in the Republic, in comparison with Freud's conception. Plato's concept of suppression according to which specific desires are enslaved, so that they can find satisfaction usually only in dreams seems consistent with Freud's concept of remotion; therefore both the condition of the suppressed desires and the intrapsychic place of their enslavement seem to be interpretable in the light of Freud's concept (...) of the unconscious. -/- Das Thema des vorliegenden Beitrags ist die Rekonstruktion der Repression von Wünschen in Bezug auf die Analyse ihres Auftauchens im Traum, wie sie in der Politeia ausgeführt wird, im Vergleich mit der Konzeption bei Freud. Die besondere Form von Platonischer Unterdrückung – durch die bestimmte Wünsche in Sklaverei gehalten werden, so dass sie ihre Befriedigung normalerweise nur im Traum erreichen -, scheint mit dem Freudschen Konzept der Verdrängung vereinbar, insofern sowohl der Zustand der unterdrückten Wünsche als auch der intrapsychische Ort ihrer Versklavung unter Anwendung von Freuds Konzept des Unbewussten deutbar ist. (shrink)
Instrumental Rationality.Jonathan Way - 2013 - In Tim Crane (ed.), Routledge Encyclopedia of Philsophy. Routledge.details
This is a short introductory article. I focus on three questions: What is instrumental rationality? What are the principles of instrumental rationality? Could instrumental rationality be all of practical rationality?
Assuring, Threatening, a Fully Maximizing Theory of Practical Rationality, and the Practical Duties of Agents.Duncan MacIntosh - 2013 - Ethics 123 (4):625-656.details
Theories of practical rationality say when it is rational to form and fulfill intentions to do actions. David Gauthier says the correct theory would be the one our obeying would best advance the aim of rationality, something Humeans take to be the satisfaction of one's desires. I use this test to evaluate the received theory and Gauthier's 1984 and 1994 theories. I find problems with the theories and then offer a theory superior by Gauthier's test and immune to the problems. (...) On this theory, it is rational to treat something different as the aim when doing so would advance the original aim. I argue that the idea that this would be irrational bad faith entails contradictions and so is false, as must be theories saying that rationally we must always treat as the aim the bringing about of objectively good states of affairs or obeying a universalizable moral code. (Note: the published version differs somewhat from the version on the website of the Center for Ethics and the Rule of Law; please quote from the published version.). (shrink)


text:
The Ashford McGill House - Historical Marker
Located in Zilker Park, the Ashford McGill House was built in the 1870s for Ashford McGill, an Austin pioneer. According to certain sources, it is located on land that the Barton family settled in the 1840s. Mary Jane Barton, Wayne Barton's widow, inherited the land and then passed it in to Dr. Barclay Townsend. One of Townsend's heirs was McGill's wife.
Historical marker for the home
The Ashford McGill House
Zilker Park, where the home is located
Ashford McGill served as county clerk and then as chief clerk of the General Land Office and ran cattle on his land. After nearly thirty years spent in the house, McGill died of old age in 1899. The surrounding land was purchased by Andrew Zilker in 1901 and the house fell into disrepair. Zilker donated his tract of Colorado River bottomland for a park in 1931. At this time, the Federal Civil Works Administration renovated the house and added Art Deco touches, including an oriole window. An oriole window, also known as an oriel window, is a bay window supported by brackets.
The Civil Works Administration (CWA) was created as part of the New Deal, an initiative which worked to create jobs during the Great Depression. Workers participating in jobs created by the CWA laid 12 million feet of sewer pipe, built or renovated 225,000 miles of road, 40,000 schools, 3,700 playgrounds, and nearly 1,000 airports. The CWA began on November 8, 1933 and ended on March 31, 1934, spending nearly $200 million a month and giving jobs to four million people during its duration. Due to criticism that the CWA would not have permanent value, President Franklin D. Roosevelt ended the program and replaced it with the Works Progress Administration which was valuable in the long-term as well as offering short-term benefits for the unemployed. The WPA employed people similarly to the CWA; however, an initiative within the WPA called Federal Project Number One employed musicians, artists, writers, actors, and directors in a variety of arts projects.
"Ashford McGill House." The Historical Marker Database. Accessed February 24, 2016. http://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?marker=25701. Barnes, Michael. "McGill house has been home, storage and more." Austin 360. May 26, 2012. http://www.austin360.com/news/lifestyles/recreation/mcgill-house-has-been-home-storage-and-more-2/nRzfp. "Civil Works Administration." Wikipedia. Accessed February 24, 2016. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_Works_Administration. "Works Progress Administration." Wikpedia. Accessed February 24, 2016. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Works_Progress_Administration.
"The Civil Works Administration, 1933-1934: The Business of Emergency Employment in the New Deal" by Bonnie Fox Scwartz
Uncovered Texas page in the Ashford McGill House
301 Nature Center Dr.
Created by Laney Lenox on November 4th 2015, 5:12:14 pm.
Last updated by Ben M on August 23rd 2016, 11:00:27 pm.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Monica Lewinsky, a White House intern in the 1990s, infamously known for her affair with then President Bill Clinton, had some thoughts about National Intern Day.
National Intern Day, created by WayUp, is a day to encourage employers to celebrate and empower interns all across America. It's also a time to recognizes that interns, spending the same amount of hours as full time employees, are still not always being paid for their hard work and meaningful contributions to the workplace — for months at a time.
On #NationalInternDay, let's remember: experience doesn't and won't ever pay the bills. Interns deserve to be paid for the value they add to an organization. Without fair pay, internship opportunities are limited to students who can afford to offset the costs of working for free.
Internships are an essential step for young professionals, to help jump start their careers in their respective industries. WayUP encourages companies nationwide to host a special celebration for your interns and post on social media using the hashtag #NationalInternDay.
In most cases, unpaid internships favor affluent students. Without offering pay, or at least a stipend to cover travel and food — you're putting students, of underprivileged backgrounds at a significant loss, robbing them of opportunities to further their growth because they can't afford to advance on their own.
It goes without saying; but employers — show your interns a lot of extra love today! Interns, continue to push forward and make your mark. You never know who is looking up to you, and the path that you could help pave for someone coming after you. Your work does not go unnoticed.


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Our research is informed by engagement with practitioners, and characterised by its dissemination of results to a diverse non-academic audience.
Our School is committed to and strongly encourages activities related to 'enterprise and engagement' throughout our five research clusters, with the aim of generating wider benefits from our researchers' work. We support our staff in achieving world leading and internationally excellent research, in generating substantial external funding and in undertaking research with high impact.
Research in the School of Economics is organised into the five groups listed below.
Applied Econometrics and Finance
The Applied Econometrics and Finance Group brings together a diverse range of researchers in developing cross-disciplinary economic research with international impact.
The Behavioural Economics Group builds on its tradition of pioneering research in the rigourous foundations of behavioural and experimental economics to incorporate its insights into the design of modern policy and practice in the UK and internationally.
Environment, Resources and Conflict
The Environment, Resources and Conflict research group unites researchers from different fields of economics who study important issues in environmental and resource economics, conflict studies, and the nexus between the three.
The Economic Theory Group joins together researchers who use rigorous theoretical analysis to make significant contributions in all areas of economics.
The Industrial Economics group is closely aligned with the Centre for Competition Policy (CCP), working to develop significant policy and practitioner impact.


Discharge (lph) : 1.6, 2.0, 2.2, 3.0 & 4.0.
Discharge (lph) : 1.0, 1.5, 2.2 & 4.0.
Discharge (lph) : 2.2 & 4.0.
Applications : Undulated land row crops, vegetables, nurseries, greenhouses etc.
Applications : Tree Crops, orchard etc.
Applications : Tree Crops, orchard, undulating lands etc.
Applications : Greenhouses, orchards, vegetables, nurseries etc.
Applications : Field Crops, Fodder Crops, Turf & Landscape.
Application p; : Vegetables, Field crops, Medicinal plants, Cash Crop, Landscaping, Sports ground and Dust suppression.
Applications : Greenhouse, nurseries, cattle farms, poultry farms and cooling of indoor/outdoor environments.
Applications : Greenhouses, Poultry Farms etc.
Emergency alarm for low or high pressure, EC & Ph flow etc.


text:
2019 SPRING STAFF
Theo Greenly
-news editor-
Theo Greenly studied creative writing at the University of Colorado Boulder. After the 2016 General Election, he returned to school to study journalism and multimedia storytelling at SMC. He covered the 2018 midterm elections as a digital media intern at KCRW, where he wrote the Voter Guide and produced dozens of blog posts. His writing has been published in the Los Angeles Times and he has been featured on This American Life
pyper witt
-staff writer-
Hey there! My name is Pyper Witt and this is my first semester writing for the Corsair. I'm a journalism major at SMC, but I am also getting my certificate in photography, with an emphasis on black and white fine art. Originally from Carmel-by-the-Sea, I also spent six years of my life growing up in a little mountain town called Boquete, Panama. I returned to the Monterey County area when I was in 6th grade and hence moved around until we found ourselves back in the quiet town by-the-sea. I am a yoga enthusiast, plant mama, and lover of good (fair trade) coffee. Bubbly, passionate, and bright-ready to write!
ANDREW NARVAEZ
-PHOTO eDITOR-
Whether he's hopping on a plane to Shanghai or sleeping in a van bound for Vancouver, Andrew Narvaez has a thirst for an adventurous life. After gaining experience in both the tech and music industry he decided to return to school and pursue his master's degree with an emphasis in journalistic multimedia storytelling.
cristian vasquez
-sports editor-
My name is Cristian Jose Vasquez Arellanes. I was born in Oaxaca, Mexico and was brought to Los Angeles at the age of three. I am a second-year student majoring in journalism. I am a huge fan of sports, especially football and baseball. I love watching college football, particularly my favorite team the Texas Longhorns. During my spare time I like spending time with friends and family, playing the clarinet and playing baseball. I hope to someday become a sports broadcaster, like my idols, Brent Musburger and Verne Lundquist.
ryanne mena
Clyde Bates Jr
-STAFF photographer-
My name is Clyde Bates Jr, from Chicago, IL. I graduated from High School in 1978. I joined the US Marines and attended Tennessee State University for physical education the same year. I got injured playing football at University. I am back to College after 40 years studying photography. I had to discover everything about technologies and turned my life around going to College with the help of the Disabled Student Center and the High Tec Center. I am very grateful to be able to be a photographer now and do something I love, which is taking pictures and being able to help by reporting on current issues.
Conner Savage -Staff photographer-
Chelsea Healy
Joshua Gonzalez
Glenn Zucman
Hello! I'm Glenn, a Nonfiction Photographer. In the 1970's the average American saw about 500 advertisements in a day. Today it's about 5,000. If "you are what you eat", then our relentless diet of so many fictional images must be poisoning our perception of reality. Fashion, Beauty, Foodstagrams, and more. All of these highly manufactured and highly curated images portray a reality that doesn't exist.
I love Nonfiction Photography like Photojournalism, Social Documentary, and Street Photography because they bring us a little bit closer to life as it is actually lived. Manufactured images of manufactured lives can create feelings of isolation and depression. Nonfiction images, even if difficult, remind us that we are part of humankind and that we are not alone. It is my great privilege to be a Corsair staff photographer this semester. There are 30,000 stories on the SMC campus. We can't tell them all in a single semester, but I'm committed to helping tell as many of them as possible.
Nicole Haun
Jaylin Gentry
Marianna Torne
Michael Fanelli
Stan Misraje
Vanessa Monstad
dakota castets-didier
-Editor-in-chief-
This is my first semester at the Corsair, third at SMC. I came back to school last year after spending the previous three years working as an assistant in the CBS Television show Hawaii Five-0's writers' office. I grew up in Miami, Florida, and later spent some time living in Boise, Idaho. I'm passionate about cooking, and collecting recipes from places I've travelled, and enjoy having friends over for large meals, embracing the French tradition I was raised in. Journalism is what drives me, and as News Editor, I look forward to serving the SMC community through accurate and precise news coverage.
CAsey contreras
-CULTURE EDITOR-
Hi, I'm Casey Contreras current Culture and Design Editor for The Corsair. I discovered my passion for journalism when I joined my High school paper, and have been doing it since then. I love music, reading, photography, art, and obviously writing. Basically anything creative. My biggest motto in life is to always be kind to people no matter how ugly they are to you. Stay kind people!
evan minniti
-OPINION EDITOR-
My name is Evan Minniti and I am nineteen years old. I graduated high school last Spring, June 2018, and this is my first semester at Santa Monica College. I worked for three years at my high school newspaper and I am incredibly excited to start work with the Corsair. You can typically find me walking my dog, reading too much and procrastinating from doing my homework. I also love pizza and Italian food in general. I'm a pretty vocal socialist, but I tend to get along with people personally, no matter their beliefs.
Ana Duraes Peixoto
-Social media editor-
My name is Ana Durães, I am 22 years-old, born and raised in Brazil. I came to Los Angeles in 2016 looking to pursue my dreams of living abroad, getting an international education and accomplishing a degree in Journalism. I enjoy reading, 80's and 90's music, travelling and being with my family and friends. As a good Brazilian, I like to talk about soccer, South American history, culture and politics and hope to one day be an international correspondent like some of my favorite journalists Ariel Palacios and Gustavo Chacra. However, I do have a weak spot for fiction and historical novels, it is also a big dream of mine to work in publishing.
Shayn Almeida
Originally from Oak Bluffs, Massachusetts, Shayn Almeida attended Green Mountain College in Vermont as an English major before taking time off to travel.
He attended the Musicians Institute in Hollywood CA., earned a degree in Recording & Sound Engineering, and worked as a sound engineer and product specialist for Native Instruments.
Writing throughout high school and college, Shayn continued to write from within the music industry covering music production techniques, hardware/software reviews, new music reviews, and personality profiles for magazines such as URB, BPM, Future Music Magazine and, most recently, covering Arts & Culture for The Santa Monica Daily and The Corsair Newspapers.
With a focus on Holistic Health, the Arts, Music, Yoga, DJ'ing, and writing about Dance Culture, Shayn Almeida is currently pursuing a degree in Journalism and Multimedia Storytelling from Santa Monica College.
Andrew Hofbauer
Danica Creahan-Mueller
Janet Ali
Mila Greenberg
Itzel Mendoza
Keya Rivera
Martha Ramirez
Siri Guru Dev Khalsa
-staff photographer -
Victor Noerdlinger
Yibin Cai
YASSER MARTE
-Managing editor-
Yasser Marte is from Lawrence, MA. His family is from a small campo in the Dominican Republic. He is a SMC Journalism major and hopes to travel and write books on human rights. He also enjoys discussing history, novels, film, photography, and astronomy.
LAURI HELIN
-design Editor-
My name is Lauri Helin. I am 18 and the Opinion editor of The Corsair newspaper. I like reading books and talking to strangers. Anton Chekhov is my favorite author. I'm gravitated towards people who aren't afraid to express their views and opinions.
Blake atwell
-multimedia EDITOR-
Based in Santa Monica, Blake Atwell is in his second semester as Multimedia Editor for the Corsair. He covers USC athletics (basketball and football), UCLA football, the Clippers and more for News4UsOnline.com, an L.A.-based sports media outlet. Blake spent the last two summers working as a high school intern at the L.A. Times, producing local arts and sports stories. He previously covered high school sports with the CIF Southern Section, Prep2Prep Sports, L.A. Times HS Insider and others. Blake is a freshman at Santa Monica College and studies journalism.
nicole washington
-digital editor-
Nicole Washington, born and raised in Los Angeles California. She enjoys spending time outdoors at the mountains snowboarding or hiking . In the city she enjoys exploring new events and listening to people's stories.
earl agustines
Staff Writer for the Corsair. Since joining the Corsair, I've learned to broaden my horizons outside of video games and nerd culture to constantly paying attention to politics and social issues.
Catherine Lima
Catherine Lima, 25, is a Journalism student at Santa Monica College and in her second semester working with the Corsair. She first joined the Corsair as a writer during the Fall 2017 semester. Now, she is back as a photographer with a focus on events going on around campus. Born and raised in Los Angeles, California, she chose to attend SMC shortly after her high school graduation in 2011. After a long on-and-off journey at SMC, she will finally be graduating with the class of 2019, and will transfer to Cal State University Dominguez Hills to continue her Journalism career.
Oskar zinnemann
Writer and photographer Oskar Zinnemann is on a mission for the truth. Observing the world through his own philosophical filter, he strives to uncover and articulate factual information for the benefit of anybody willing to listen. Oskar now takes photos for the Corsair following his past two semesters as editor for the News and Opinion sections.
Jackie Sedley
Hazel Siff
Pablo Eden Garcia
Josh Hogan
Silvia Curiel
Yasamin Jafari Tehrani
STAFF FALL 2017
STAFF SPRING 2017


text:
The impact of short periods of match congestion on injury risk and patterns in an elite football club
Carling, C. ORCID: 0000-0002-7456-3493, McCall, A., Le Gall, F., and Dupont, G. (2015) The impact of short periods of match congestion on injury risk and patterns in an elite football club. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 50 (12). pp. 674-678. ISSN 0306-3674
PDF (Author Accepted Manuscript) - Accepted Version
Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2015-095501
Background: The effect of fixture congestion on injury rates and patterns has received scarce attention in elite football and existing investigations have not accounted for player rotation or examined the temporal distribution and potential cause of injuries.
Aim: To prospectively investigate the epidemiology of injury during short periods of fixture congestion in a professional football club.
Methods: Over a 6-season period, exposure time and injury data were compared in the same players (n=25 [14 individuals]) when participating in two frequently occurring short congested fixture cycles in comparison to match-play outside these cycles. 1) two successive matches separated by an interval totalling ≤3days calculated immediately from the end of play in match 1 to the beginning of play in match 2; 2) three successive matches separated by ≤4-day intervals commencing the day immediately after each match.
Results: In 2-match congestion cycles, incidence rate ratios (IRR) showed there was a higher risk of injury in the final 15-minutes of play in the second match in comparison to match-play outside the cycles (IRR: 3.1 [95% CI 1.1 to 9.3], p=0.0400). A greater risk of injury overall (IRR: 2.0 [95% CI 1.1 to 3.8], p=0.0345) and in the 1st-half of play (2.6 [1.1 to 6,5], p=0.0386), and risk of ankle sprains (10.4 [95% CI 1.9 to 57.9], p=0.0068) and non-contact injuries due to a 'change in direction' (IRR: 7.8 [1.3 to 46.8], p=0.0243) was observed in the final match of 3-match congestion cycles in comparison to match-play outside the cycles.
Conclusion: Injury rates and patterns were affected in the same elite football players when competing in short congested fixture cycles in comparison to match-play outside the cycles.
Carling, C. ccarling@uclan.ac.uk orcid.org/0000-0002-7456-3493
McCall, A. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED
Le Gall, F., UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED
Dupont, G. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED
injuries; soccer; fixture congestion; fatigue
C - Biological sciences > C630 - Sport conditioning, rehabilitation & therapy
Faculty of Allied Health and Wellbeing (NEW) > School of Sport and Health Sciences (NEW)
Howie Carson


text:
SD Legislative candidate survey: Becky Drury
(DRG Media Group)
By KOTA Staff
RAPID CITY, S.D. (KOTA) - Becky Drury is running for re-election to the South Dakota State House in District 32. District 32 consists of east-central Rapid City. Drury and three others are in the race; Republican Steve Duffy, Democrat Jonathan Old Horse, and Democrat Christine Stephenson.
Becky Drury is running for re-election to the South Dakota State House in District 32.(Submitted)
1. Who are you? Tell us about yourself in 100 words or less.
I'm Representative Becky J Drury, running for re-election in District 32 in the State House. District 32 serves the heart of Rapid City. My family and I have lived in Rapid City for over 20 years, and I love Rapid City and the great sense of community we have here. Prior to serving in the House of Representatives I served on the Rapid City City Council, that wonderful opportunity provided me with connections to serve Rapid City in a unique way. We are blessed that our daughters and grandchildren all live in the area. I've also have over 20 years business experience working for a local telecommunications company, which allowed me to serve community members from all walks of life.
2. What prompted you to run for re-election?
I feel like we need people that will work for what's best first for their District and then for the good of all South Dakota. Legislators that are willing to work with everyone and are willing to all sides are needed in Pierre. I have those traits.
I'm running because I'm proud of the results that we have been able to bring to the Rapid City area and I would be honored to keep serving our communities. the future success of our state requires focused leaders that will be able to work with all sided to keep South Dakota strong. I am confident that I'll be able to continue bringing results to the Rapid City area and District 32.
3. What public policies are you passionate about? What would your policy priorities be in Pierre?
First, we need to ensure our state keeps and "open for business" focus. Fighting against increased taxes and unnecessary red tape are some of the key steps that we can take for a continued strong economy.
Second, I would like to continue to work on improving our education systems by raising teacher pay and maintaining local control.
Last, but certainly no least, I'll keep working on housing infrastructure. We need this so we can encourage people to live, work, and raise their families in Rapid City and across South Dakota.
4. Cutting the grocery tax has become central to this election cycle. Do you think that the legislature should cut the grocery tax next legislative session? Are there any taxes you would cut instead, or in addition to?
I'm in favor of cutting taxes, but will wait for the budget proposals before I commit to a full cut on the grocery tax. There was a summer study on property taxes when/if something comes forward during session I'll look forward to those committee hearings to see what options are available to lower burdens on South Dakota families.
5. The Supreme Court overturned Roe v. Wade earlier in the year. South Dakota currently has a law that prevents abortion almost completely outright. Are there any exceptions you would like to see the legislature enact? What other laws would you like to see passed to support mothers and families?
I applaud the decision by the Supreme Court to return the decision making about abortion to the States. Decisions that are made closer to home are always more reflective of the people than those made at the Federal level. There will probably be legislation proposed during session concerning abortion and I will look at each one closely to make sure we continuing to put our families first.
Without seeing the exact language I cannot make a blanket statement.
6. Recreational marijuana is on the ballot in November. If it passes, would you commit to legalizing it?
If recreational marijuana passes, I'm committed to respecting the will of the people of South Dakota. I believe it will take work with experts and law enforcement officials to ensure we take a smart and safe approach to regulations surrounding this new industry.
7. What is the most important quality for an elected official to possess?
Integrity. The people of South Dakota deserve to know that their elected officials will always do their best to do what's right, even if no one is looking. I've always been an honest leader and will continue to serve with a high-level of integrity if re-elected.
8. Who do you take inspiration from, and why?
I take inspiration from my husband, Neal, because he provides valuable insight and he often helps me see issues with a different lens. Having a great husband and family is a source of encouragement as I go to Pierre to serve you in the House.
State legislative candidates in contested districts this election season were emailed the same survey to complete for Dakota News Now/KOTA Territory News. With the exception of a quick spelling and grammar check, answers were not edited by the poster. Those who responded to the survey questions had their results posted.
Copyright 2022 KOTA. All rights reserved.


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Hundreds of Thousands of Dominicans of Haitian Descent Face Deportation
The Dominican government is revoking thousands of birth certificates, forcing some people who have lived in the country to find a new way to prove their legal residency
ERIKA SANTELICES/AFP/Getty Images
An order from Dominican Republic government officials has left hundreds of thousands of Haitian immigrants and Dominicans of Haitian descent at risk of deportation.
Citizens and immigrants of Haitian descent, many of whom are migrant workers, have until tomorrow to file paperwork that could help them secure residency permits. To receive a permit, they must produce a form of identification, such as a birth certificate, passport or a work permit from their employer. But the Dominican government can decide at its discretion whether it will accept an individual's ID, regardless of its validity.
In 2013, citing overcrowding from the influx of Haitian immigrants to D.R. after the devastating 2010 Haiti earthquake, the Dominican government tried to revoke the citizenship of children who had been born as far back as 1929 to Haitian parents. After receiving international backlash, the government backed down, but in 2014 introduced a revised iteration of the order, which now requires people of Haitian descent to apply for temporary residency permits. Many of these people were born in the Dominican Republic, but have had their birth certificates deemed invalid by the government.
"The signals are clear," Beneco Enecia, the director of Haitian immigrant advocacy group Cedeso, told The New York Times. "The Dominican government is setting up logistics, placing vehicles and personnel to start the process of repatriation."
An estimated 240,000 residents have begun the residency permit process, while more than 500,000 are at risk of being deported to Haiti. Those who have started the paperwork have been given a 45-day grace period to obtain the proper identification and complete the registration. If they provide all of the necessary paperwork, government officials will consider granting them residency. So far, only 300 people have received permits.
Many of the Haitian descendants at risk of deportation were born and raised in the Dominican Republic, and have never visited Haiti. If their residency is revoked, they say that they will be left stateless.
"If these massive deportations occur, will they include—by mistake—people who were born in the Dominican Republic?" said Lilian Gamboa, a Dominican civil rights activist, said to the Times. "Will they follow the standards of international law? Will Haiti be able to receive this number of deportees? And what would their status be in Haiti?"
Dominican officials say that if people of Haitian descent fail to file their paperwork on time, agents will work with each individual to discuss a plan of action. But both Haitians and Dominicans are skeptical of the government's screening methods.
"The criteria is based on racial discrimination," Enecia said to the Times. "Fear, desperation and anguish are the expressions of the people. They feel helpless."
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Gucci has been embroiled in a racism row after shoppers complained a women's jumper resembled "blackface".
The Italian fashion brand faced a barrage of criticism after images emerged of the "balaclava jumper", which features a cut-out at the mouth that is outlined in red.
Gucci has issued an apology "for the offence caused" and pulled the item from its stores and website.
However, the item is still available to buy for $890 (£688) on shopping website Spring, where it is described as being part of "The Fall Winter 2018 runway show" which was "inspired by vintage ski masks".
"Multi-coloured knitted balaclavas walked the runway, adding a mysterious feel to this collection," the item listing says.
Many people voiced criticism of the jumper's appearance after images were circulated online.
"Haute Couture Blackface for the millennials???" one person tweeted.
Another added: "Gucci made a very racist sweater. I still can't figure out why they thought this was ok?!"
One woman wrote on Twitter: "I am a Gucci fan, and I was going to buy a jacquard cardigan because it's a forever piece, but until they and other luxury brands hire some people of colour to consider the imagery of items like the 'blackface' balaclava sweater... it's a no for me."
In a statement, Gucci said: "We consider diversity to be a fundamental value to be fully upheld, respected, and at the forefront of every decision we make.


Right now, with the CEOs of IBM and Acer forgoing their bonuses and Microsoft's search for a head honcho only just concluding after dragging on for months, you might think that it is not the job of anyone's dreams to get to the top of the corporate tree in the technology world.
Once in the big office, with your name on the door in gold lettering, all eyes are fixed on you, and as some of the incumbents in the hot seats in some of the leading technology companies can no doubt testify, the large salaries are well earnt wading through stress, analyst calls, dealing with the media, staff and the ever-expectant investors.
Looking at some of those currently steering their ships through choppy waters to safer seas you will see plenty of charismatic leaders taking different approaches to running their firms. Here are a few of the main runners and riders.
The vendor is a couple of years into a five-year turnaround plan spearheaded by its CEO Meg Whitman. It is her vision that dominates discussions at quarterly earnings calls and at investor meetings. So far there have been job cuts, difficulties over the fallout from the Autonomy purchase and a fair amount of cleaning up to do after the last CEO who, among other things thought it was a good idea to indicate the firm might exit the PC market.
simpler to work with and must ensure it doesn't miss out on some of the major industry elements including the cloud.
But at least she is getting through without having to talk about giving up bonuses, unlike some of her rivals who are also finding life interesting as they move towards a world dominated by the cloud.
Market watchers reacted with excitement to rumours that Ford's CEO Alan Mulally might take up the CEO position at Microsoft, following the exit of Steve Ballmer. The idea of someone outside the industry coming in seemed to be a positive, but the vendor opted to promote from within, choosing its cloud boss Satya Nadella.
The Microsoft search for a CEO has also given an insight into what makes a good candidate these days with the board giving a picture of just what it takes: Microsoft chairman Bill Gates said it is a complex role to fill, involving a complex business model and the ability to lead a highly technical organisation and work with top technical talent.
The firm noted it had only had two CEOs in 38 years and is "determined and confident that the company's third CEO will lead Microsoft to renewed and continued success".
All eyes will be on Nadella, but recent strong quarterly numbers, helped by decent Xbox One and Surface sales, have made life for the new CEO slightly easier.
Despite selling its PC business to Lenovo in 2005, IBM's situation is far from rosy, with the hardware side of the business still causing headaches As well as announcing thousands more job cuts, following its latest annual results, CEO Ginni Rommetty and other senior executives opted to forgo their bonuses.
The decision to sell off the x86 server business to Lenovo shows there is a determination to reshape the business and the sights are firmly set on the cloud and software arenas. Rommetty was also notable for being the first female boss at IBM. In her two years at the helm she has already had to make several tough decisions about headcount and speaking about its most recent financial results said that the vendor would "continue to transform our business and invest aggressively in the areas that will drive growth and higher value".
The recent musical chairs in Acer's CEO role demonstrates how hard the top job can be when it involves dealing with a vendor in trouble. Ultimately, who wants to take a position that is going to be tough? Some CEOs pride themselves on being 'turnaround experts' and years ago Apple plumped for that option with Gil Amelio, before Steve Jobs returned. But at Acer the focus has been on trying to get some continuity in the top role.
The hardware player has been hitting the headlines since November 2013, when its then CEO of two years, JT Wang, resigned on the back of bad financial results. And events took an odd turn a couple of weeks later when his replacement, Jim Wong, resigned before he had even officially taken up the post.
The approach from the latest CEO, Jason Chen, is to get the company back on track by writing off $44m worth of raw materials inventory. Senior executives have also voluntarily taken 30% pay cuts "to share responsibility".
Just before the results, in his first press conference, Chen admitted the firm had got things wrong in the past with its decision to back product segments, like the ultrabook, that failed to deliver.
We all know the story of a teenage Michael Dell setting up the firm that became a billion dollar global vendor out of his bedroom. For a long time that was the main thing we knew about him, until last year when it emerged he had a vision, which meant taking the firm back into private hands.
After a prolonged fight with investor groups and billionaire investor Carl Ichan the results went Michael Dell's way and he managed to get the green light to take the firm private. His argument was that it needed to be away from the public gaze of Wall Street to make changes needed to keep the firm going. The transition he wants to a services-led business is not one that could happen with quarterly revenue targets hanging over his head. Plenty of CEOs under attack from investors will be envious if the move means a more straightforward life for Michael.
These days Larry Ellison spends more time on boats, but the larger-than-life character used to be one of a handful of CEOs who appeared at events and got people talking as much about them as their products. Another, in days gone by, was Scott McNeally, but the Sun boss dipped out of public view after Ellison picked up his firm back in 2009.
What Ellison shows is that when you have confidence and oneness with the business you lead, you can get away with a fair amount. Analyst conference calls and keynotes usually involve a combination of boasts about how good the latest products are, along with a few swipes at main rival SAP. Not many could pull it off as well as Ellison and, when it was revealed that he could not attend a keynote session at the firm's recent user conference, the audience was noticeably thinner.
In contrast to Oracle the German firm SAP has opted in the last few years for a joint CEO approach with one coming from Europe and the other from the US. It has been a solid double act, which has seen the firm steer in the direction of big areas of cloud and big data.
Going forward it will just be Bill McDermott flying solo, which could be an interesting time for him and the firm's staff and investors, as the other co-CEO Jim Hagemann Snabe moves to the executive board in May.
The double act seems to work for SAP and has delivered stability and helped the firm go through its own transformation, it's entering the fifth year of that process, as it moves towards cloud and big data.
CEOs all face the same challenge as they take their firms from one world into another. Some are ahead, some, like Salesforce.com, had the benefit of starting in the cloud, but all will have to get there. HP, Microsoft, IBM, SAP and Dell are just a selection of the largest IT vendors going through this transformation. If Meg Whitman is right, then by 2017 it will be an easier place for those captains of the IT industry. But only if they make the transformations needed to ensure their survival. Until then, expect more bonus-payment cuts, more falling on swords and plenty of entertaining quarterly earnings calls.