Built on the site of the medieval town walls, this renovated 4star hotel in the city centre is designed in a classic style, whilst still offering a number of modern comforts and just a short walk away from the city's main attractions.
Rooms are spacious and comfortable, offering guests a great space to relax and unwind in style. Each room is fitted with a luxurious en-suite bathroom, complete with complimentary amenities for your convenience. Guests can utilise the high-speed Internet access free of charge, and there is a superb television for your entertainment – with a speaker in the bathroom too! Other facilities include a well-stocked mini-bar, an excellent daily housekeeping service, air-conditioning, and pay-per-view movies are also available.
The property has a superb restaurant on-site, serving a range of delicious Hungarian delicacies, as well as a Fusion selection that combines a number of international cuisines. The 24-hour reception desk at the property allows guests to access a number of services and facilities, including airport transfers, laundry and dry cleaning, and a currency exchange service. The staff at reception are also able to book guests onto city tours and make theatre reservations, a great way to explore the city and immerse yourself in some Hungarian culture. Guests who wish to rent a car during their stay can also do this at reception, and the property provides a number of parking spaces for guests to use.
One of the most popular attractions in the city for the younger locals and tourists are the Ruin Pubs, located in formerly desolate buildings that have been converted into trendy bars and pubs, whilst still retaining much of the 'ruined' features. Many of the venues offer live music and a vibrant atmosphere, providing great entertainment and a fantastic way to immerse yourself in Budapest nightlife. One of the most popular Ruin Pubs is Corvinteto, located in District 8 of the Pest area of the city, and is situated on top of a department store and offers visitors stunning views of the city at night. In District 14 you will find Durer Kert, which offers drinkers and diners an array of entertainment including foosball, table tennis and live music to make the place come to life until the early hours of the morning.
Budapest is the proud home of The Esceri Flea Market, where visitors will be able to find a wide range of interesting and quirky antiques – ideal for finding a unique souvenir for yourself or a gift for someone back home. Providing a buzzing atmosphere and a great place to find a bargain, visitors can also enjoy guided tours of the market to learn more about the history and development of this fascinating scene.
We hope you have a fantastic time in Budapest!


Astronomer, science communicator and author Steve Owens has been appointed Executive Director of Scottish cosmology-themed artland Crawick Multiverse.
Steve – who wrote 'Stargazing for Dummies' and pens monthly 'Universe for Beginners' articles in Astronomy Now Magazine – takes up the post after two years running Glasgow Science Centre's planetarium.
He was also instrumental in establishing the Europe's first International Dark Sky Park in Dumfries & Galloway, sat on the Dark Sky Discovery steering group and has helped five other sites in the UK become International Dark Sky Places.
In his new role as Executive Director of the Crawick Multiverse, which was created by the world-renowned Charles Jencks, he has been tasked with exploring creative ways to reach out to a diverse audience to raise even more awareness of this iconic site.
This will include devising an exciting programme of activities themed around astronomical highlights, from stargazing to meteor showers like December's Geminids.
He said: "Ultimately what attracted me to this role at Crawick Multiverse is the fact it's truly unique. Nowhere else can you get involved in such an iconic art landscape by such an eminent figure so it's hugely exciting to me.
The new programme of activities will be announced in the coming weeks.
In the longer term Steve also plans to explore the site's potential for hosting an array of larger scale events.
Keep track of what's happening at Crawick Multiverse on Facebook at www.facebook.com/crawickmultiverse, check out @CMVerse on Twitter or #CrawickMultiverse on Instagram.
Group visits can also be organised by calling 01659 50242 or emailing info@crawickmultiverse.co.uk.


text:
// Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
// Licensed under the MIT license. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
using Microsoft.Protocols.TestTools.StackSdk.Asn1;
using System.Linq;

namespace Microsoft.Protocols.TestTools.StackSdk.RemoteDesktop.Rdpbcgr.Gcc
{
    /*
    ConnectData ::= SEQUENCE
    {
        t124Identifier Key,
        -- This shall be set to the value {itu-t recommendation t 124 version(0) 1}
        connectPDU OCTET STRING
    }
    */
    public class ConnectData : Asn1Sequence
    {
        [Asn1Field(0)]
        public Key t124Identifier { get; set; }

        [Asn1Field(1)]
        public Asn1OctetString connectPDU { get; set; }

        public ConnectData()
        {
            this.t124Identifier = null;
            this.connectPDU = null;
        }

        public ConnectData(
         Key t124Identifier,
         Asn1OctetString connectPDU)
        {
            this.t124Identifier = t124Identifier;
            this.connectPDU = connectPDU;
        }

        public override void PerEncode(IAsn1PerEncodingBuffer buffer)
        {
            if (t124Identifier != null && ((Asn1ObjectIdentifier)t124Identifier.GetData()).Value.SequenceEqual(new int[] { 0, 20, 124, 0, 1 }))
            {
                buffer.WriteBytes(new byte[] { 0, 5, 0, 20, 124, 0, 1 });
                connectPDU.PerEncode(buffer);
            }
            else
            {
                base.PerEncode(buffer);
            }
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Last week we wrote about Public Affairs and why organisations should ensure that they are an integral part of their organisation.
According to McKinsey, Public Affairs adds 30% to business earnings. ( http://bit.ly/1kFL4FF).
In the Local Development Plan process this could not be more accurate. If developers don't follow this process closely and influence elected members appropriately, the costs of plots being inaccurately zoned could be substantial. These cost could range from speculative planning applications to appeals if these planning determinations are felt to be unjustified.
In Scotland, the Local Development Plan process is a rolling one. As soon as one plan is agreed, the next one requires to be written.
Over the past few weeks, we at Perspectiva Consultants have been asked to comment on 3 Local Development Plans – all at different stages of completion. Developers need to ensure that they are aware of the relevant stage of each Local Development Plan.


text:
Velma Anita Ochieng Biography, Cause of Death, Age, KCSE, Wikipedia
Home/Celebrity Death/Velma Anita Ochieng Biography, Cause of Death, Age, KCSE, Wikipedia
Alamu TosinNovember 29, 2022
Velma Anita Ochieng, KCSE candidate died on Monday at the age of 19.
Who was Velma Anita Ochieng?
Velma Anita Ochieng was a 19-year-old KCSE student from the Rangwe sub-county in Kenya. She passed away at the Homa Bay County Teaching and Referral Hospital after giving birth.
Velma Anita Ochieng died on Monday morning as a result of hospital staff carelessness, according to her relatives. Ayaga, Velma's aunt charged hospital staff members with negligence for failing to attend to the student when she was in pain.
Peter Ogolla, the hospital's chief executive, disagreed, stating that the deceased had a successful operation and delivered a child.
Velma Anita Ochieng Cause of Death
Velma, 19, was enrolled in Kochia, Rangwe's Nyajanja Mixed Secondary School, and was scheduled to take a test this week. She was admitted to the hospital around 5 p.m. on Saturday after exhibiting signs of labor. She was a first-time mother.
According to her family, if doctors were dedicated to their tasks, she should have given birth successfully. They hoped the deceased would be transported to the operating room for a Cesarean section because her pelvic bone had not matured sufficiently to allow her to deliver naturally.
However, a medical report stated that the student was expected to give birth on December 7. The student was in a great deal of discomfort when she was brought to the maternity unit, according to her aunt Selah Ayaga.
"The girl was in excruciating pain, but the security guard refused to let us in. Some medics assumed us despite the pain and situation we were undergoing," Ayaga said.
Attempts by Velma's family to get doctors to take her to the operating theatre were purportedly rejected by doctors. She was later sent to the operating room after her health deteriorated, but she passed away there. She passed away after her vital organs stopped functioning.
Velma Anita Ochieng cause of death will be confirmed only after the postmortem report.
What Happened to Velma?
Ayaga charged hospital staff members with negligence for failing to attend to the student when she was in pain.
The hostipal's chief, Ogolla stated that while they are awaiting the results of a postmortem, the hospital is unable to determine what caused the student's death. A doctor examined the student and discovered that she was in the early stages of labour.
Read Also 👉 How Did Annie Wersching Die? Vampire Diaries Star Cause of Death Revealed
Her cervix dilation was confirmed to be 2 cm instead of 10 cm size which is normal for delivery. Her dilation stalled out at 5 cm. Velma was put in bed with health workers monitoring her after every four hours, he said.
The operation was successful, and the patient and her infant were transferred back to the ward, according to a report written by the doctor who treated her. However, Velma later reported that she was experiencing lower abdominal pain before being given painkillers to ease the discomfort.
She had low blood pressure, which the doctors also discovered. "Medics unsuccessfully attempted to lower her blood pressure. She passed away after her vital organs stopped functioning", according to Ogolla.
Velma's body was brought to the hospital mortuary.
Biography Velma Anita Ochieng
How Did Annie Wersching Die? Vampire Diaries Star Cause of Death Revealed

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Architect of the Capitol photograph
Government Shutdown Continues, Hawaii Lawmakers Sound Off
on Dec 23, 2018 at 8:05 am
WASHINGTON D.C. - Acting chief of staff Mick Mulvaney said on Fox News that the partial government shutdown could continue into the year 2019.
(BIVN) – The partial shutdown of the federal government continues, and is likely to go on beyond Christmas; possibly into the New Year.
The U.S. Senate adjourned on Saturday with no deal between President Donald Trump and the U.S. Congress. Funding for a wall along the Mexico border is holding up the negotiation.
"The only way to stop drugs, gangs, human trafficking, criminal elements and much else from coming into our Country is with a Wall or Barrier," President Trump tweeted on Sunday. "Drones and all of the rest are wonderful and lots of fun, but it is only a good old fashioned Wall that works!"
Acting chief of staff Mick Mulvaney said the partial government shutdown could continue into the year 2019. Mulvaney made the statement during an appearance on "Fox News Sunday".
The Hawaiʻi Congressional delegation, all Democrats, were sounding off over the weekend in news releases and on social media.
Sen. Mazie Hirono said that "the Senate did its job by passing a bill to keep the government open with the expectation that the House would pass it and that the President would sign it into law. But at the 11th hour, Donald Trump succumbed to pressure from his far right-wing base and chose to shut down the government for a $5 billion down payment on his vanity wall."
"This shutdown is totally unfair, completely unnecessary, and entirely the President's fault. Donald Trump needs to face the reality that he won't get $5 billion for his wall and accept responsibility for keeping the government running," Sen. Hirono said.
Representative Colleen Hanabusa tweeted, "What is most upsetting is that Congress did its job. For the first time in about a decade, through the regular order, we finished significant portions of the appropriations process in bipartisan fashion. We reached an agreement on the final package of spending bills only to have Trump shut it down after Freedom Caucus members pushed him. A lot of this is part of Trump's efforts to change the narrative after Secretary Mattis' stunning resignation."
"The only adult in the room stepping down would have been more negative if Trump didn't engage in his art of deflection. This is no way to say thank you to our dedicated federal workforce. Americans deserve much better from the office of the President," Hanabusa stated.
"The unanimously passed CR was never given a vote in the House," tweeted Sen. Brian Schatz. "All shutdowns are ridiculous, embarrassing, costly and useless, but this is an especially stupid shutdown. It is just awful what we are doing to federal workers over Christmas."
Schatz cosponsored the Federal Employee Fair Treatment Act, which will make sure federal employees who are required to work during a government shutdown are paid as soon as possible. The measure passed unanimously in the Senate.
"Our federal workers shouldn't suffer because the President and Republicans in Congress don't know how to govern. These workers keep our country running, and it's irresponsible and cruel to threaten their pay just before the holidays," said Senator Schatz, who added that an estimated 420,000 federal workers, including Coast Guard and TSA employees, will be forced to work without pay and an additional 380,000 will be furloughed. "I hope we can quickly get this through the House and to the President so that the men and women who serve our country get the pay they have earned."
Representative Tulsi Gabbard tweeted: "This completely preventable #shutdown has left 800,000 Federal workers furloughed or forced to work with no pay. Yet leaders in Washington who failed the American people still get paid. This is BS. I stand with our workers & won't accept pay as long as the govt is shut down."
Filed Under: Breaking Tagged With: federal shutdown


The RollaStep line of mobile work platforms are built with a primary goal of providing room to work. Durable aluminum construction provides corrosion free longevity. Standard features such as full size handrails, aggressive, non-slip tread and stable designs provide maximum safety.
Plus protect from strains and sprains without compromising productivity.


PRICE ADJUSTMENT! Beautiful remodeled home on culdesac in Hayesville-Jan Ree area. Kitchen with new granite and ss appliances opens to bright vaulted living and dining area. Entire 2nd floor is a huge master retreat. Garage converted into 2 large bright rooms. Many flexible uses to meet your needs. Large backyard. New floors, windows, roof, paint and much more! Fast I-5 access.


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Make history in a room that overlooks Independence Park. Featuring beautiful wood accents, this meeting room seamlessly merges vintage and modern, the Ivy League with the tech start-up.
View diagrams of floor plans here.
Find out how to get to the Science History Institute by car or public transportation.
Choose a nearby hotel for you and your guests during your stay in Philadelphia.
A visit to the Science History Institute is a journey through the weird and wonderful world of matter and materials.


The Alzena Gunsmoke Rocker Recliner sold at Managhan's Furniture serving Libby, MT and the surrounding area.
Crafted to fit like a glove and cradle you in comfort, this rocker recliner is just the right blend of tough and tender—offering the look of weathered leather you treasure, with the luxurious feel of supple suede that never gets old. Stylish details such as jumbo stitching—along with a split back for extra lumbar support and double-stuffed armrests—complete this fine faux leather piece.
The "Alzena-Gunsmoke" upholstery collection features a heavyweight faux leather upholstery fabric stylishly adorned with jumbo stitched details that offers all the beauty and character of leather in a durable yet breathable fabric which stylishly covers the plush divided back and thick padded arms to create the ultimate living room collection.
Click the button below to add the Alzena Gunsmoke Rocker Recliner to your wish list.


Whe I use the ceilometer api to retrive data for a meter, it works good. For example, "v2/meters/instance". It returns a whole lot of samples and one of the sample paramters say for ex : "counter_name : instance".
But when I use the same parameter above to query, for example , "v2/meters/instance?q.field=counter_name&q.value=instance". This FAILS ! And then I have to use the new name for counter_name -> meter to get the query working.
If the meter returns a sample format, why am I not able to query it using the same sample format ? Many other parameters such as type,unit do not work. And many similar queries fail and some "op" functions also dont work/work incorrectly !
Do I have some config issue ? Or am I not using the API correctly ? Any ideas are appreciated !


FRONT ROYAL, VA — A Jesuit friend remarked recently that, while several modern popes have been canonized, the last cardinal to be so honored — Saint Robert Bellarmine, S.J. — died almost 400 years ago. That observation suggests a rule of thumb for the upcoming conclave: it's quite probable that some of the cardinals voting in the Sistine Chapel might not be canonizable; but the man they elect certainly should be.
The last conclave had it right: someday soon, we will be able to pray to Pope Saint Benedict the XVI — Pope Benedict the Great.
This is not an idle rumination. Father James V. Schall, S.J., who recently retired after a long career as one of Georgetown University's most beloved professors, is also one of the most published scholars at America's oldest Catholic college. Simply because he is the man he is, hundreds of his former students undoubtedly consider him to be one of their best friends, and certainly the wisest. So his words have great weight.
[H]istory will remember Benedict as "the greatest and most learned intellect ever to occupy the Chair of Peter," Father Schall says. "No public official in our time has been anywhere near his intellectual equal."
In a recent interview with Kathryn Jean Lopez, Father Schall highlights a facet of Benedict's contributions to the Church that isn't getting much media noise these days: history will remember Benedict as "the greatest and most learned intellect ever to occupy the Chair of Peter," Father Schall says. "No public official in our time has been anywhere near his intellectual equal. This disparity is itself the cause of much disorder, if we grant, as we must, that truth is the essence of intellect and indeed order."
A keen insight, to be sure. Why, then, is this profound dimension of Benedict's persona virtually ignored by the secular paparazzi? And why are all the "experts" summoned for comment by the media silent about this intellectual giant in our midst? Father Schall sums it up bluntly: "The media and most universities are, basically, hopeless."
Hopeless? But wait. Didn't Benedict write an encyclical, Spe Salvi, "In hope we are saved"? Yes indeed. But it is the Church, as the late John Cardinal Wright wrote, that is the "Hope of the World." And Pope Benedict, in his steadfast devotion to the truth — the "essence of order" — has clashed repeatedly with the world. At times his targets have even included bishops in secular countries, whom he has virtually had to beg to "call the faithful to complete fidelity to the Church's Magisterium." Specifically, to fidelity with the unpopular parts, like the teachings of sexual morality contained in Humanae Vitae, the prophetic encyclical on marriage promulgated by Pope Paul VI on July 25, 1968. Pope Benedict, in his steadfast devotion to the truth — the "essence of order" — has clashed repeatedly with the world.
Today America's bishops face two issues addressed by Humanae Vitae that they'd rather not discuss. Neither would I, frankly. Even reading about them might prove irksome… but they must be addressed. These problems are, after all, in plain view. They lie at the center of the storm that now embroils the Church in the United States, but no one will talk about them. For that, the Church has paid a heavy price. And so has the culture.
First, the bishops have challenged in court the HHS Contraception Mandate, which flows directly from the health care legislation that the bishops ardently supported until they found out (too late) that they'd been snookered. But why this sudden concern about contraception? For years the bishops' conference has advocated various pieces of federal legislation that provide billions for "family planning" at home and abroad — most of it in the form of contraceptives and abortifacients, even abortion.
Doesn't this constitute a rather gnawing contradiction? Why the Orwellian DoubleThink? Well, Cardinal Timothy Dolan, president of the bishops' conference, admitted last year that the bishops haven't taught the Church's tough teaching on sexual morality for half a century, even though every pope has instructed them to do so. As a result, the bishops are in the uncomfortable position of having to oppose the Contraception Mandate without being able to talk about contraception. And it hurts.
Second, the bishops have a similar aversion to the issue of homosexuality. The Church firmly teaches that an active homosexual lifestyle, like contraception, is an objective evil. But two generations of Americans have grown up without hearing that Church teaching. Nor are they hearing it now: hence, the bishops, once more uncomfortable, must oppose homosexual marriage without being able to talk honestly about homosexuality.
The problem won't go away. As American cardinals mingle with their brother papabiles in Rome. Cardinal O'Brien of Scotland, having made homosexual advances to several young seminarians years ago, has just resigned and will not attend the conclave. In contrast, Los Angeles Cardinal Roger Mahony will participate in the conclave.
But Cardinal Mahony has just been publicly rebuked by his successor because he had covered up for countless clerical homosexual rapes of adolescents during his tenure. Over the course of several years he spent nearly a billion dollars on lawyers and settlements that protected him from testifying publicly in court — successfully, so far. Yet, blogging from Rome, he has been bragging that he is able to forgive his critics, as though they were the sinners.
America's bishops have been insisting for years that "the scandals are behind us." Not for Mahony — and not for Cardinal Bernard Law, either. He has had to stay in Rome for the past ten years because he risks facing charges in Boston for his own coverups of clerical abuse there. And a lot of his brother bishops have escaped similar fates only because of the statute of limitations.
Clearly, Cardinals Law and Mahony are not folks that the universal church is looking to as role models. Their mere presence in the pre-conclave meetings acts as a nagging reminder of the two critical moral issues on everybody else's mind – the abuse-and-coverup scandals, and homosexuality.
Enter Cardinal Francis George of Chicago, past president of the bishops' conference and a member of the conclave. "Whoever's elected pope," the cardinal told the Catholic News Service this week, "obviously has to accept the universal code of the church now, which is zero tolerance for anyone who has ever abused a minor child."
Zero tolerance for the abusers. Good. But total tolerance for the dozens and dozens of bishops like Cardinal Mahony who enabled, protected, and even promoted them?
Of Cardinal O'Brien's resignation, Cardinal George observed that "The tragic moment was when he was guilty of misconduct and then the consequence has played itself out now."
For the American bishops who were silent on Humanae Vitae, that tragic moment has lasted for forty-five years and counting. And its tragic moral, cultural, and even political consequences surround us today.
So back to our question: could an American be named to succeed Pope Benedict and assume the Chair of Peter? It's possible. If that should come to pass, however, it will be a signal to us all that the Catholic Church intends to impose worldwide the silence on critical moral issues that has prevailed in America since the days when Cardinal Dolan was in the seminary. Which is why I doubt that it will happen.
While the cardinals are prayerfully contemplating their next spiritual leader, they might be listening to the sacred hymns that were sung in Saint Peter's centuries ago. But even if they don't, you can: Musica Vaticana (Christopher Jackson and the Studio de Musique Ancienne de Montreal; ATMA Classique 2508) resonates down the years with beautiful polyphonic choral music from the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. You'll imagine Michelangelo's angels leaping off the Sistene Chapel's walls in joyous song, listening to this marvelous disc while you await the white smoke wafting above Saint Peter's Square.
And while you're listening, pick up a copy of Father Schall's The Modern Age (St. Augustine's Press). It will bring you down to earth, because the modern age is defiantly un-sacred, by and large. Upbeat chapters like "The Brighter Side of Hell" mingle with downbeat observations about politics philosophy, and the Four Last Things (Death, Judgment, Heaven and Hell) depicted on Michelangelo's wall that looks down the cardinals as they cast their votes.
et in ore eorum dulcis resonabat sonus!


This fruit infuser water bottle holds 22 fl oz of water and features a detachable infuser basket that fits snugly into the bottle. The screw-top closes securely for leak proof transport. Add strawberries, limes, lemons, or cucumbers to make your water taste amazing.


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This paper explores two different methods to capture the local anisotropy of locally parallel textures. The corresponding models allow for both an analysis and a synthesis of oriented patterns. The first method models such textures as local oscillations that can be analyzed by a windowed Fourier transform. The resulting model can be sampled by alternating projections that enforce the consistency of the local phase with the estimated spectrum of the input texture. The second method models the texture over the domain of local structure tensors. These tensors encode the local energy, anisotropy and orientation of the texture. The synthesis is performed by matching the multiscale histograms of the tensor fields. This paper exposes two models for analyzing and synthesizing natural textures that exhibit a local anisotropy. In section 3 we propose a model based on a local Fourier expansion for the analysis and on iterated projections for the synthesis of the phase function. In section 4, we propose a statistical model that captures the variations of the orientation over a tensor domain.


The Study It Grammar series is an exclusively-designed integrated skills and interactive textbook for students, teachers and language schools.
The Study It Grammar series consists of 8 different levels. Download Book 4 of 8 which is for High-Intermediate language learners. Excellent for students with an IELTS band score of between 4 and 5.
-In-depth Keynote presentations for each Grammar Point.
-Fun review games like Study it Game Show!
You will learn: present perfect continuous, modals of probability, introduction to gerunds and infinitives, reported speech, and the 3rd conditional.
Each Unit contains vocabulary, listening, speaking, writing and reading practice. As well as an additional review section.


text:
CCA puts the power of libraries on display in new exhibition The House that Heals the Soul
The first library in recorded history existed under the rule of Pharaoh Ramses II. It was revered and sanctified by the Ancient Egyptian people. This grand structure contained knowledge and escape, and was believed to be restorative and transformative. The important tomes housed within it were held in such high esteem that it was believed the building contained the power to aid those who revered it to pass over easily into the afterlife upon their death. It was a house that could heal the soul.
Nowadays, libraries are more commonplace, but their veneration has decreased dramatically. In Scotland, library use has dropped 11% in the past six years, and only 36% of British people considered libraries to be of "personal importance", according to a Carnegie Trust and Ipsos Mori study from earlier this year.
Despite this, Scotland retains the crown of having the highest level of public library use in the UK, with half of Scots having roamed and read in the hallowed halls of their local library in the past year.
This makes the newly opened exhibition at Glasgow's Centre for Contemporary Arts (CCA), The House that Heals the Soul, which takes its name from the grandiose description given to that first library so long ago, even more poignant and relevant. Library use may be in decline, but Scots are still flying the flag for the communal celebration of the printed word.
Temporary Services & Half Letter Press, Booklet Cloud. Credit: Alan Dimmick
The exhibition, which compiles interactive works and displays from a number of disparate organisations and collections from Scotland and beyond, focuses on the political and social statuses of libraries. Most importantly, the exhibition itself is a working library which visitors can use as a place to read and even make books.
Curator Ainslie Roddick, who collaborated with CCA director Francis McKee, public engagement curator Viviana Checchia and artist and writer Nick Thurston in planning the exhibition, originally conceived the idea as a way to bring more people into the Sauchiehall Street gallery. "We were interested in turning the exhibition space into a more social space over the summer and encouraging people to feel welcome in it. We were trying to make a framework for that."
As the list of contributors came together, a thematic connection between their works jumped out at Ainslie and her team. "We started to think about making the space into a kind of library of libraries. Public libraries are often thought of now as spaces of no obligation and for shelter, so we thought the exhibition would also make people think what public space is for."
One of Our Kind, Perpustakan Malaysian Sedikit Library. Credit: Alan Dimmick
As well as housing collections of books, magazines, poetry and other literature from Glasgow Women's Library, Glasgow Zine Library, Yon Afro Collective — an assortment of writings by and about women of colour from around the world who live in Glasgow — and the Multilingual Library of Scotland, amongst many others, there are also collections, with which interactivity is still encouraged, which straddle the threshold between books and art.
This includes Brett Bloom and Marc Fisher's, otherwise known as Temporary Services, collaboration with Half Letter Press, The Booklet Cloud. This takes 40 publications that explore the blurry line between books and art and suspends them from the ceiling. The Book Lovers — a cooperative work between curator Joanna Zielińska and artist David Maroto — presents a constantly expanding compendium of novels written by artists which perfectly encapsulates this idea, as it acts both as shelves of the library, with books to be picked up and browsed, and as a visual art piece. Glasgow-based social enterprise My Bookcase provides an area where books can be shared and exchanged.
Visitors are even able to learn how to use book production equipment and print and bind their very own novel, thanks to facilities provided in the gallery by Publication Studio Glasgow.
The Book Lovers, Artist novel collection of 470 books. Credit: Alan Dimmick
But it is A Needle in the Binding and Untitled — by artists Beatrice Catanzaro and Emily Jacir respectively — two works which explore books and libraries in a Palestinian context using photography, and novels and notebooks read and written by incarcerated Palestinians, which represent the crux of what The House that Heals the Soul is about, according to Ainslie. "There's something to be learned here about the power that books have in terms of political identity, oppression and occupation. The projects inspired and centred on Palestine represent how books, regardless of change, access, restrictive borders or censorship, are so vital in the transfer of knowledge and history."
Works like this — as well as Nick Thurston's installation presenting reprinted copies of James Joyce's Ulysses dressed in slip covers bearing the fabricated name Drag-Nets by Arthur West, a classic method of publishing, smuggling and sharing banned books in times of censorship — emphasise the potential of libraries as sites of resistance and revolution, creation and preservation.
Nick Thurston, Drag-Nets, 2017. Credit: Alan Dimmick
While it may feel unusual and counterintuitive at first to enter an art gallery and use hands as well as eyes to interact with and understand what is on display, the CCA's rooms are expertly put to use to make that interaction as inviting as possible. It's transformation into a library also runs the gauntlet between art piece and reading space as impressively as many of the collections included.
Ainslie also hopes that in addition to the political and social lessons that can be learned from the exhibition, this physical, more hands on programme, something the CCA is relatively new to, will bring people through the doors in their droves. "It has come about as a result of trying to build more trust with the community and get people be more familiar with the gallery spaces because we can be quite invisible on Sauchiehall Street — people don't always necessarily know what we're for, so it's about letting people know that we're here and there are things happening."
The House that Heals the Soul, CCA Glasgow. Credit: Alan Dimmick
In keeping with the constantly fluid, changing and utilised space the exhibition will represent, the gallery provides a workshop area which will host over 25 events, presentations and discussions. Ainslie says that it is an open door. "There are a variety of events that focus on different specific parts of the community but the exhibition as a whole has a lot of different levels and entry points. We wouldn't hope for any particular kind of audience. Anyone who wants to read, make or interact with books is welcome."
Ainslie does not seem fazed by the challenges that this summer's exhibition will bring either, and hopes that visitors will put in just as much as they take out. "You have to embrace it, after all, it is a working library as well as an art space. It's not just somewhere to pick knowledge up, but somewhere to make and produce it too."
The House that Heals the Soul is open now, and runs until Sunday 3 September 2017. Admission is free. Visit the CCA website for more details.
Featured photo: The House that Heals the Soul, CCA Glasgow.
Photography by Alan Dimmick
Posted on July 27, 2017 September 12, 2017 by Tony InglisPosted in Art, Books, FeaturesTagged Beatrice Catanzaro, Book Lovers, Books, Brett Bloom, CCA, David Maroto, Emily Jacir, glasgow, Glasgow Women's Library, Glasgow Zine Library, Half Letter Press, James Joyce, Joanna Zielińska, Marc Fisher, Multilingual Library of Scotland, My Bookcase, Nick Thurston, Sauchiehall Street, Temporary Services, The House that Heals the Soul, Ulysses, Yon Afro Collective.
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Take your movie nights to a new level with this 61 inch weathered brown TV stand from RC Willey.
Featuring wood framed glass doors with an adjustable shelf behind each, wire management, and levelers, this piece is loaded with features. And, this TV stand will accommodate up to a 70" TV. Organize your media center with features and style. Then, plan a movie night, you will want to show off the new look of your entertainment area!
61 Inch Weathered Brown TV Stand - Bellamy is rated 3.0 out of 5 by 1.
Rated 3 out of 5 by Mguyer9225 TV stand Bought the entire wall unit had professional install offered by rc Wiley. Already had to fix the front door latch system.


text:
SSANU Threatens Industrial Action If FG Does Not Listen To Protest Demands
By Godwin Godson
The National President of the Senior Staff Association of Nigerian Universities (SSANU), Mohammed Ibrahim says the union might embark on an industrial action if the Federal Government does not listen to their demands.
Sack Adamu, Ngige Now – SSANU, NASU
The Joint Action Committee (JAC) of Non-Academic Staff Union (NASU) and Senior Staff Association of Nigerian Universities (SSANU) had earlier on Tuesday commenced a three-day national protest over irregularities in Integrated Payroll Personnel Information System (IPPIS) payments, non-payment of Earned Allowances, non-payment of arrears in minimum wage among other issues.
Ibrahim in an interview on Channels Television breakfast programme Sunrise Daily said although negotiations are currently ongoing, the union might go on a strike.
"In the labour laws, strikes are not abnormal. We can also go on strike but whenever our members go on strike, it is the last option, we don't jump on strikes.
"We go on strike when it becomes inevitable, so I will not foreclose that if the government doesn't listen (which I don't want to believe because engagements have started), we will go on strike," Ibrahim said.
The SSANU President explained further that situations are thoroughly assessed before the union proceed on a strike.
The ongoing protest, he said, is aimed at sensitising the Federal Government.
"We normally appraise situations. After day three of this protest, we will assemble in Abuja and appraise the situation. We will get our reports from the branches. The major aim of our protest is to sensitise the government for them to know that there is a problem and the problem is that they are not honouring agreements. From agreements, we have moved to MoUs.
"MoUs are turning to a charade – where you sit down, take tea and then sign MoUs which never see the light of the day," he said.
Ibrahim said after the three-day protest, JAC will meet, appraise the situation and we will let the world their next line of action.
He also assured that whenever SSANU and NASU meet, any decision taken will be in the best interest of the system and their membership.
The University workers are also protesting the sharing formula of the N70 billion given the universities by the Federal Government.
They insist that the 75 per cent and 25 per cent sharing formula for the earned allowances does not favour their members.
Other issues include the delay in the renegotiation of FGN, NASU and SSANU 2009 agreement, non-payment of retirement benefits of outgone members, neglect and poor funding of state universities, and non-constitution of visitation panels for universities.
Members of the union who joined in the protest include the workers in the Federal University Of Technology, Owerri, Imo State; Federal University of Agriculture Makurdi, Benue State capital; the University Of Ilorin, Kwara State capital and, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi; the University of Lagos (UNILAG), Lagos State, and other insitutions.


Another Delightful meal idea for the busy artists! Make this, eat a meal, freeze the rest for later!
This is Vegan, but will satisfy even the most carnivorous lumberjack.
Best to chose fresh organic ingredients, for health and taste!
This is a huge quantity for a single person, but a generous portion for an average family's meal.
Everytime I make chili, I change the recipe to discover new flavors.
I rarely fail, but I've never made a better one than this one!
It's like eating a bowl of chili that somehow, has the same appeal to me as Southern-American style BBQ pulled pork with plenty of thick, sweet BBQ sauce. So to be able to re-create this wonder, I'm writing it down, right as I'm eating my first bowl.
Drain but do not rinse! The small amount of juice adds body to the texture and flavor!
•Large pot with a thick bottom (cooks more evenly). I use my Pressure cooker, without the lid.
•regular kitchen wares for cutting and holding the ingredients.
Cut carrots in thick slices.
Steam carrots until no longer crunchy (still with a bite to it, we don't want mush!). This step cuts your overall cooking time by a lot, and avoids the all-too-common burnt chili at the bottom of the pot.
While Carrots are steaming, heat the oil in a cast iron skillet but not hot enough to fume, add the garlic & parsley, stirring occasionaly. Cut mushrooms in slices.When a minute or two has passed, add mushrooms to skillet and cover for about three two minutes, to force a lot of juice out of the mushrooms (they shrink, it's magic!). Cook about two minutes more. When carrots are ready, keep the water for later, put the carrots, with the skillet's content, in the large pot. Do not heat it just yet. Do not wash the skillet, you need it still, and the remaining oil should not go to waste!
Chop the onions, add them to the skillet (see?, i told you!) with a splash of oil, and a tablespoon of raw sugar (or maple syrup). Cover for a few minutes to release the juice, then remove lid, cooking some more until the onions are almost caramelized. Put in the big pot.
Open all the cans. Drain the beans but do not rinse, the lttle amount of remaining juice adds body, texture and flavor! If you insist on rinsing, at least add an extra splash of oil to the pot later.
Put beans, tomatoes & tomato paste in the pot..
Heat the pot at medium. Stir well. Add Molasses & apple cider vinegar and stir even more. If the mixture is too thick, add a touch of the carrot-steaming water (nutrients inside!) Careful, some of the juices will be released soon, and could make your chili into a soup!
At this point I taste the result, salt to taste, add more vinegar if needed for a tangier taste, and add Paprika, sea salt & the chipotle hot sauce until I get the wonderful sweet-spicy BBQ sauce I'm after. The Chipotle sauce is the magic maker here, adding both spicyness and SMOKYNESS. You could use other pepper-based hot sauces, but it just won't be the same! Maybe adding a bit of liquid smoke could compensate?
Since this is made from canned beans, all the beans are already cooked, so PLEASE, avoid overcooking the chili. You'd lose flavor and lots of nutrients! We cook it mostly to finish cooking the mushrooms, and blend all the flavors together. Like a lot of chili recipes, this will likely taste even better the second time you serve it, after it has been in the fridge. One of the mysteries of the universe! On an unusually busy week where shopping & cooking are out of the question, I can eat this every day, without getting tired of it. Freeze some portions of it to make the joy last!
Better yet, spread the LOVE and offer it to friends and family!
I use it in a lot of dishes, including rice, pasta, eggs, and it adds LIFE to an otherwise OK homemade pizza. Just add a few drops evenly over the cheese before baking.
Careful, this is sweet and doesn't seem to be as spicy as it actually is. You can overdose on it and cause discomfort to your innards. I sure have!
Now if you'll excuse me, I WANT a second bowl of that dangerously good dish.


text:
Q: Rendering docfx-built landing page from some html/javascript content I have some .md files that are happily built into articles of a site generated by docfx.
The landing page of this site which at the moment is a index.md file is empty.
I have a separate static html page that its content is rendered by javascript containing some graph etc.
What I would like to do is to render this html content as the landing page of the docfx site.
How do I do that?
Any help is much appreciated.
Thanks.

A: If I understand your use case, this worked for me:
Add index.html at root. This is your HTML landing page.
Reference index.html in the resource object in docfx.json:
"resource": [
      {
        "files": [
          "articles/**/media/**",
          "index.html"
        ]

Reference index.html in toc.yml at root:
- name: Home
  homepage: index.html

Make sure you delete the previous site output directory (_site by default) before testing this new configuration.
I would expect there is a more sophisticated way but maybe this can get you started.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Az alvás a legtöbb gerinces élőlény (és némelyik különleges rovar, például az ecetmuslica) természetes pihenőállapota, amely a felsorolt élőlények regenerációját szolgálja.

Jellemzői

A szándékos testmozgás és a külső ingerekre adott reakciók csökkenése jellemzi. Alvás alatt fokozódik a sejtosztódás, a sejtelhalás üteme mérséklődik.

Az ember napi ritmusa
Az ember napi biológiai ritmusát három tényező határozza meg:
 A külső ingerek fajtái, és azok intenzitása
 A belső biológiai óra – mindennek saját belső órája van, és mindenkinél eltérően működik
 A test belső állapotai

A napi ritmust cirkadián ritmusnak is nevezik (latin: circa – körül, dia – nap). Jelenlegi tudásunk szerint az emlősökben a napi ritmust az agyban lévő agyalapon elhelyezkedő mag (suprachiasmatic nucleus – SCN) vezérli, amely a hipotalamusz előtt helyezkedik el. Az SCN mintegy 10 000 neuronból áll, melyek az agy középvonalában, mindkét oldalon megtalálhatók. Ha ezek a neuronok megsérülnek, a napi ritmus felborul. Az SCN működését a melatonin nevű hormon befolyásolja, amely többek között a szívritmusra is hatással van. Kutatások szerint a szervezetben lévő túl kevés melatonin emeli a vérnyomás értékét.

A reggeli fény a becsukott szemen keresztül az agyba jut, és ott az SCN a tobozmirigy melatonintermelését csökkenti, ezáltal elősegíti a szervezet ébredését. Sötétségben a folyamat fordított módon játszódik le: a fény hiánya a tobozmirigy stimulálásával növeli a melatonin termelését, ez pedig elősegíti az elalvást.

Az alvási problémák sokszor azzal függnek össze, hogy a szervezet belső órája és a külvilág órája nincs egymással szinkronban (ez könnyen előállhat például éjszakai műszak esetén, vagy időzónákat keresztező utazás alkalmával (a jelenség neve: jetlag), de a Föld körül keringő űrhajósokon is megfigyelhető).

A test belső hőmérséklete normál esetben este 9 óra körül a legmagasabb (elérheti a 37 °C-ot), alvás alatt fokozatosan kb. 1 °C-ot csökken, míg hajnali 5 órakor eléri mélypontját. Ezután hirtelen emelkedik a megszokott értékre (ami 36 °C körül van). Ha a test nem képes a belső hőmérséklet csökkentésére, elalvási nehézség lép fel.

Alvásigény
A National Sleep Foundation közleménye szerint a tizenévesek alvásigénye napi 9 óra, a felnőtteké 7-9 óra. Az alvásigény az életkor előrehaladtával csökken. A "Whitehall II" kutatás eredményei szerint a 35 és 55 év közöttiek számára az ideális alvásidő 7 óra (a hat óránál kevesebbet és a 8 óránál többet alvók rosszabbul teljesítettek a szellemi feladatok megoldásában).

Az álmosságérzet kialakulása
Az ébren töltött időtartam hosszával egyenes arányban nő az elalvásra való hajlandóság. Az álmosságérzetet részben az adenozin mennyiségének növekedése okozza, ami éber állapotban termelődik, alvás alatt pedig csökken.

Az alvás fázisai
Az alváskutatók az alvás folyamán mérik a szem körüli izmok és a végtagok mozgását, a szívritmust, valamint a légzés mélységét. Az alvás kezdetén az izmok állapota még az éber állapothoz hasonló, a szívritmus és a légzésszám azonban már csökken. Az alvásnak ezt az időszakát gyors-szemmozgás-nélküli (Non-Rapid-Eye-Movement, NREM) fázisnak vagy lassú hullámú alvásnak (LHA) nevezik. Az NREM fázis alatt áll helyre a szervezet energiája és ilyenkor szabadulnak fel a növekedési hormonok. Az NREM-től jól elkülöníthető a REM (Rapid Eye Movement – gyors szemmozgás) fázis, aminek ez a fő jellegzetessége. A légzés szabálytalanabb, gyorsabb és kevésbé mély. A szemek gyors mozgást végeznek mindenféle irányban, a végtagok izmai átmenetileg képtelenek a mozgásra. Az álmok túlnyomó többsége a REM fázisban történik. A vizsgálatok szerint ekkor az agynak azok a területei aktívak, amelyek a tanulásban, a gondolkodásban, a dolgok megszervezésében vesznek részt.

Egy alvási ciklus nagyjából 90-120 percig tart, ez alatt 4 NREM és 1 REM fázis különíthető el egymástól. Ilyen ciklusból egy éjszaka alatt négy-hat fordul elő. Az éjszaka előrehaladtával a mély NREM fázisok hossza csökken, a REM fázisok hossza növekszik.

Az egyes fázisok jellemzői:
 NREM fázis: átmenetet képez az éber és az alvó állapot között, az álmosságérzet fokozódik. Az agyhullámok és az izmok aktivitása lassul.
 NREM fázis: könnyű alvási periódus, mely alatt a szemmozgás abbamarad, az agyhullámok tovább lassulnak, a szívritmus és a testhőmérséklet csökken.
 NREM fázis: rendkívül lassú agyhullámok jellemzik. A vérnyomás csökken, a légzés lassul.
 NREM fázis: a legmélyebb alvás fázisa, az agy a leglassabb hullámokat állítja elő. Szemmozgás nincs, de a végtagizmok még képesek a mozgásra. Ebben a fázisban a legnehezebb felébreszteni valakit. A 3. és 4. fázis alapvető a test energiájának helyreállításában, és ekkor szabadulnak fel a növekedési hormonok is.
 REM fázis: erős agyi aktivitás jellemzi, ekkor álmodunk. A mozgatóizmok átmenetileg lebénulnak.

Egy alvási cikluson belül a fázisok sorrendje szigorúan kötött, és a következőképpen alakul: 1-2-3-4-3-2-1-5, majd kezdődhet a következő ciklus. Az 5., vagyis REM fázisból a legkönnyebb felébredni, ez gyakran meg is történik néhány másodpercre (de erre nem emlékszünk). A sorrend olyannyira kötött, hogy ha például megpróbálunk valakit a 4. fázisban felébreszteni, az, mielőtt tudatára térne, gyorsan végigjárja a 3-2-1-5 fázisokat.

Ma már létezik olyan ébresztőóra, amely az alvó személy fázisainak nyomon követésével a kitűzött időpontot megelőző fél órán belül ébreszt az aktuális REM fázisban.

Az agyhullámok jellemzői
Frekvenciájuk alapján négyféle agyhullámot különböztetünk meg (az alvás felé haladó sorrendben):
 Ébrenlét, figyelő, aktív állapot, béta hullámok: 20 Hz (15–40 Hz), kis amplitúdó
 Ébrenlét, nyugodt, ellazult állapot, alfa hullámok: 10 Hz (9–14 Hz), nagy amplitúdó
 Könnyű alvás, théta hullámok: 3,5–7 Hz, még nagyobb amplitúdó
 Mély alvás, delta hullámok: 3,5 Hz alatt (1,5–4 Hz), legnagyobb amplitúdó

Az alváshiány következményei
A kialvatlanság rontja az ember teljesítőképességét, növeli a balesetek kockázatát és csökkenti az immunrendszer védekező képességét.

Állatkísérletekkel igazolták, hogy a tartós alvásmegvonás halálhoz is vezethet. Sőt, nem csak a mennyiségi, de a minőségi alvásmegvonás is súlyos következményekkel jár. Egy kísérlet során patkányokat minden REM fázis kezdetén felébresztettek. Így bár az állatok megkapták a szükséges alvásmennyiséget, egy alvási fázis kimaradt. Eleinte enyhe, majd egyre súlyosabb kialvatlanság jeleit mutatták, később azonban a teljes alvásmegvonásnál tapasztaltakhoz hasonlóan elpusztultak.

Alvászavarok
Az alvászavarok legtöbbször valamilyen testi vagy pszichiátriai betegséghez, illetőleg valamely pszichés problémához társulnak, ritkábban önálló jelenségként is előfordulhatnak.

Az alvászavar legtöbbször elalvási- átalvási zavarként, illetve korai ébredésként, vagy ezek kombinációjaként jelentkezik. Mindemellett léteznek speciális alvászavarok, mint például a narkolepszia (hirtelen, rohamokban jelentkező, váratlan álomba merülés a nap legkülönbözőbb időszakában), vagy a szomnambulizmus (alvajárás) stb.

A csökkent, illetve nehezített alvást, álmatlanságot inszomniának, a fokozott alvástevékenységet hiperszomniának nevezzük. Nagyon gyakran egyszerre mindkét jelenség jellemzi az alvászavarral küszködő embert, hiszen aki éjszaka nem képes kipihenni magát, nem tud aludni, nappal általában fáradékonyabb, álmosabb, gyakran a nappali órákban alszik.

Az alvászavarokat többféleképpen csoportosíthatjuk (életkori sajátosságok, tünettan, kiváltó okok stb.) E helyütt – a teljesség igénye nélkül -, a leggyakrabban előforduló alvászavarokat, az orvosi gyakorlatban is használt felosztás alapján mutatjuk be:

 Disszomniák:
 Inszomnia
 Hiperszomnia
 Narkolepszia
 Légzéssel kapcsolatos alvási zavar, alvási apnoe
 Cirkadián ritmuszavar (alvás-ébrenlét zavar)
 Paraszomniák
 Lidérces álom
 Alvási rémület
 Alvajárás
 Paraszomnia MNO (alvási paralízis, heves motoros aktivitás REM fázisban)

Álmatlanság
Az inszomnia – álmatlanság talán a leggyakoribb alvásprobléma. A hátterében szereplő okokat általában öt csoportra bonthatjuk:
 Fizikai okok: különböző orvosi problémák vezethetnek álmatlansághoz (hormonális problémák, idegrendszeri betegségek, asztma, allergia, vérkeringési problémák, erős fájdalmak, depresszió stb.)
 Élettani okok: Az egyik leggyakoribb, álmatlansághoz vezető élettani jelenség az öregedés folyamata. Az időskori alvászavarok jól ismertek és hátterükben egyrészről biológiai tényezők (pl. a melatoninszint csökkenése a tobozmirigyben való kóros kalciumlerakódás következtében, a napi bioritmus ezzel kapcsolatos felborulása), valamint például a csökkent nappali fizikai aktivitás állnak. Az idősek alvásszerkezete jelentősen megváltozik, feltöredezik, kevésbé pihentető, mint fiatalabb korban, ezzel kapcsolatos a napközben jelentkező álmosság, elszenderedés. Jellemző a korai ébredés, az elalvási nehézségek és az átalvási problémák különböző arányú keveredése. Élettani okok közé tartoznak még az alvás-ébrenlét ciklus különböző zavarai, a nem megfelelő alváshigiénia: rossz szokások, kényelmetlen fekhely, túl magas hőmérséklet a hálószobában stb.
 Pszichés okok: Különböző életesemények, ezzel kapcsolatos, vagy egyébként jelentkező rossz gondolatok, aggodalmak, emlékek, amelyek szorongást váltanak ki, vagy éppenséggel túlságosan "feldobott", izgatott állapot, tervek, fantáziák, amelyek "pozitív" stressz reakciót keltve, szintén kiválthatnak álmatlanságot.
 Pszichiátriai okok: A pszichiátriai betegségek legnagyobb része alvászavarral jár együtt. A leggyakoribb a depresszióhoz, vagy szorongásos betegségekhez társuló alvászavar, de ugyanígy a skizofréniához, a mániás-depresszióhoz is szinte minden esetben csatlakozik az alvás valamilyen irányú nehezítettsége.
 Gyógyszerekkel/drogokkal kapcsolatos okok: Rengeteg gyógyszer és drog, valamint egyéb, élvezeti szer jelentősen befolyásolja az alvásszabályozást és -működést. Fontos kiemelni az altatók és nyugtatók szerepét, amelyek átmeneti javulást okoznak, de hosszú távon az alvás szerkezetét felborítják és fokozzák az alvászavart. Függőség esetén megvonásuk kifejezett alvászavarral jár. A teljesség igénye nélkül megemlíthető a koffein, a teofillin, az efedrin tartalmú készítmények, az alkohol, a kokain, az amfetamin és származékaik, különböző szívgyógyszerek (pl: beta-blokkolók) alvással kapcsolatos negatív hatása.
A fent említett okok szinte mindig átmeneti, helyzeti inszomniát okoznak. Ez egyrészről azt jelenti, hogy a kiváltó okot kezelve, illetve megszüntetve az alvászavar is rendeződik, másrészről nagyon fontos ez esetekben, hogy a hosszútávú alvászavar ördögi kör megjelenése révén alakul ki: a fenti okok miatt nehezített alvást frusztráció, az elalvással kapcsolatos aggodalmak, az egyre jobban erőltetett alváspróbálkozások kísérik, jelentős stresszt és szorongást kiváltva, tovább rontva az alvást. Maga az alvászavar, az alváskimaradás önmagában semmilyen egészségkárosító hatással nem jár, de a fenti folyamatot kísérő szorongás és stressz komoly egészségkárosító hatású.

Fokozott alváskésztetés
A hiperszomnia – a fokozott alváskésztetés igen gyakran az álmatlanság, illetve az elégtelen alvás következményeként jelenik meg napközben. Megjelenhet önálló jelenségként is. A depresszió bizonyos, úgynevezett "atípusos" formáinál a társuló alvászavar elsődlegesen hiperszomnia. Gyakran észlelhető traumatikus események, megerőltető élethelyzet kapcsán, hogy a páciens, mintegy "problémamegoldó stratégiaként" az alvásba "menekül".

Narkolepszia
A narkolepszia – hirtelen, rohamszerűen, napközben jelentkező alváskésztetés egy meglehetősen ritka, azonban annál hírhedtebb alvászavar. Előfordulása kb. 0,02-0,03% a népesség körében, de rengeteg veszélyt rejt magában, és igen sok szenvedést okoz.

Hátterében genetikai okokat valószínűsítenek. Négy tünet jellemző a narkolepsziában, de általában egy időben nem mind a négy van jelen. Az első tünet a már említett rohamszerű elalvás, leggyakrabban valamely monoton cselekvés közben (akár járművezetés közben is!), a második tünet az úgynevezett kataplexia, amikor a páciens szintén hirtelen, rohamszerűen, tónustalanul összeesik, majd nem képes mozgatni végtagjait, vagy legalábbis izmai nagy részét. Ekkor is regisztrálható alvástevékenység az EEG-n, de a beteg általában tudatánál van és megéli lebénultságát. Ez a tünet leggyakrabban valamilyen érzelmi szempontból fokozott helyzetben jelenik meg. A harmadik tünet a fent említett bénultság elalvás előtt, vagy ébredés után. A negyedik tünet az elalvás, illetve felébredés körüli hallucinációk (érzékcsalódások: víziók, hanghallások stb.) megjelenése.

Légzéssel kapcsolatos alvászavar
A légzéssel kapcsolatos alvászavar általában hiperszomniaként jelentkezik, nappali álmosság, fáradtság jellemző, amit a betegek általában – helyesen – a nem kielégítő éjszakai alvásnak tulajdonítanak. Ezekben az esetekben, valamely testi oknál fogva (pl: elhízás, légúti izmok renyhesége, a légzőközpont csökkent működése stb.) átmenetileg meg-megszakad a légzés folyamata az éjszaka során, ami az agyi oxigénellátás jelentős csökkenéséhez vezet. A csökkent oxigénellátás egy idő után "alarmírozza" a páciens szervezetét és vagy teljes ébredés, vagy az előbb már említett mikroébredés létrejöttével ismét visszaáll a légzés. Ezek a gyakori felébredések, akár tudatosulnak akár nem, nappal jelentős fáradtsághoz, álmossághoz, teljesítménycsökkenéshez vezetnek. A hosszú évekig tartó, gyakori éjszakai légzésleállások elkerülhetetlen központi idegrendszeri és szervezeti károsodásokat is okozhatnak. Az éjszakai légzésleállásokra hajlamosíthat többek között a túlsúly, a magasvérnyomás-betegség, pajzsmirigybetegségek, felső légúti rendellenességek, fiatalkori horkolás, alkoholfogyasztás.

Az alvás-ébrenlét ciklusának zavarai
A cirkadián ritmus – alvás-ébrenlét ritmus zavara közé tartozik a jetlag jelenség, amely időzónák átrepülésével kapcsolatban alakul ki. A szervezetnek alkalmazkodnia kell a belső biológiai óra átállításával az új időzónához. Az éjszakai műszakban, valamint a gyakori váltott műszakban dolgozók alvása is felborulhat, így a szokásos alvásidőben álmatlanság, a szokásos ébrenléti időben kínzó álmosság gyötörheti hosszú távon őket. Ennek komoly gyakorlati jelentősége a munkavégzés közben elkövetett hibákban rejlik, mind az egészségügyben, mind a közlekedésben, mind az iparban igen komoly következményekkel járva. Mind a három felsorolt területen általános az éjszakai, illetve a váltott műszak. A váltott műszakban, de még az állandó éjszakai műszakban dolgozóknak sem áll át teljes mértékben a belső napi ritmusuk és alvásszabályozásuk. Nappali alvásuk meglehetősen felületes és szaggatott, nem kielégítően pihentető.

Vannak emberek, akiknek belső alvás-ébrenlét szabályozásuk az átlaghoz képest "késik". Ők azok, akik később lesznek álmosak és reggel később tudnak csak felkelni, illetve ennek fordítottja is előfordul, ahol a szabályozás "siet". Ebben az esetben korai elalvás és korai ébredés jellemző. Mindkét változat típusos személyiségjegyekkel hozható többek között összefüggésbe és a tanult viselkedésnek, a szocializációnak is szerepet tulajdonítanak kialakulásában.

Paraszomniák
A paraszomniák – az alvás idején jelentkező különleges jelenségek legtöbb formájára jellemző, hogy gyerekkorban előfordulásuk gyakoribb, később azonban a gyerekek "kinövik". Azon ritka esetekben, amikor felnőttkorban is fennmarad valamely paraszomnia, általában valamilyen személyiségzavarral, vagy más pszichés problémával való együttállása tapasztalható.

 Lidérces álom – Főként az alvás második felében jelentkező felébredések, hosszú, különösen rémisztő álmokra való visszaemlékezéssel. Felébredést követően a páciens hamar tájékozottá, rendezetté válik
 Alvási rémület – Szintén hirtelen felébredés, amit azonban artikulált, vagy artikulálatlan hangadások, a legkülönbözőbb végtagmozgások, heves vegetatív reakció (verítékezés, szapora szívverés) és kifejezett rettegés, rémület jellemez. Az előző jelenségtől fontos különbség, hogy ebben az esetben hosszabb, zavart időszak követi az ébredést.
 Alvajárás – A páciens az éjszaka közepén felül, hangokat hallat (artikulált, vagy artikulálatlan), kérdésekre is válaszolhat, végtagjait mozgatja, majd akár feláll, a szobában, lakásban járkál fel-alá. Másnap a történtekre nem emlékszik, sőt, ha alvajárás közben felébresztik, akkor sem emlékszik a megelőző történésekre. A vizsgálatok szerint, bár a mozgás általában rendezett, sőt időnként helyénvaló kommunikáció is folytatható a pácienssel, biológiai szempontból ébredés nem történik, végig alvástevékenység regisztrálható. Az is bizonyos, hogy nem álomtevékenységgel és legkevésbé a Holddal ("holdkórosság"), vagy bármely égitest mozgásával kapcsolatos az alvajárás. Háttere és oka a mai napig tisztázatlan, a legnagyobb valószínűséggel a központi idegrendszer érésével, fejlődésével kapcsolatos.
Ezeket a betegeket alvajárásuk alkalmával felébreszteni tilos és veszélyes mivel ez a hirtelen sokk a beteg életébe is kerülhet.
 Parasomnia MNO – Igen gyakran a nappali álmosság és aluszékonyság valamely más, éjszakai alvás közben jelentkező, az alvás minőségét rontó problémával kapcsolatos, ilyen például a nyugtalan láb szindróma, vagy a különböző periodikus lábmozgások. Míg az elalváskor jelentkező, általában nagyobb izomcsoportokra kiterjedő rángások az emberek igen nagy részénél előfordulnak és az alvás további részében nem jelentkeznek, addig a fent említett két jelenség az alvás szerkezetében kifejezett eltéréseket mutat, rengeteg úgynevezett "mikroébredés" kíséri őket, amelyek a páciensben nem tudatosulnak ébredésként, de az alvás pihentető, regeneráló voltát károsítják. A periodikus lábmozgások tulajdonképpen finom remegések, a diagnosztizáláshoz műszeres alvásvizsgálat szükséges. A nyugtalan láb szindróma a páciens panaszai alapján diagnosztizálható: az elalvást megelőzően a lábon különböző furcsa érzések, bizsergés, akár fájdalom észlelhető, amely mozgásra javul, ezért a beteg fel-alá járkál, vagy mozgatja a lábát ágyban fekve, így azonban jelentősen megnehezül az elalvás és gyakoriak mind a "mikroébredések", mind a valódi éjszakai ébredések. Fogcsikorgatás – Általában valamely fogsorzáródási rendellenességgel, illetve stresszel, szorongással, különböző személyiségvonásokkal (pl. túlzott önkontroll), illetve ezek kombinációival áll kapcsolatban az éjszakai fogcsikorgatás. Amellett, hogy kellemetlen és igen komoly fájdalommal is járhat, rontja az alvásminőséget és komoly fogászati problémákat is okozhat. Alvási paralysis – A REM alváskor lekapcsol a mozgásközpont, ezért nem rugdalózunk, miközben álmunkban harcolunk. Ha ébredéskor (esetleg elalváskor) nem kapcsol vissza, akkor úgy érezzük, hogy lebénultunk. Mozogni akarunk, de nem tudunk. Ez heves pánikreakciót, halálfélelmet válthat ki. Általában néhány másodpercig tart, de sokkal hosszabbnak tűnik.

Az alvászavarok kezelése
Amennyiben hetek óta észleljük alvásunk nehezítettségét, illetve azt, hogy napközben a szokásosnál fáradtabbak, álmosabbak vagyunk, teljesítőképességünk csökken, akár hangulatzavart, szexuális zavart, erősebb szorongást is észlelünk, mindenképpen forduljunk orvoshoz, alváscentrumhoz, pszichológushoz.

Az alvászavarok kezelésében a korlátlan altatószer-használat (a fent már részletezett okokból kifolyólag) kifejezetten károsnak mondható. Mindenképpen tartózkodjunk az "öngyógyszereléstől". Saját magunk sokat segíthetünk különböző életmódbeli változtatásokkal. Rendszeres testmozgás, fizikai aktivitás, ami "kifáraszt", a lefekvéssel kapcsolatos meghitt, inkább befelé forduló szokásrendszer kialakítása (olvasás, meleg tej kortyolgatása, meditáció vagy relaxáció, a másnapi teendők listázása stb.) a megfelelő környezet biztosítása: kényelmes fekhely, megfelelő hőmérséklet stb. Fontos, hogy lehetőleg ugyanabban az időben térjünk nyugovóra nap mint nap és lehetőleg még 10 óra előtt. Csak akkor feküdjünk le, ha álmosak vagyunk. Az ágy alvásra való. Ha 15 perc fekvés után nem alszunk el, akkor keljünk fel, és foglaljuk el magunkat (olvasás, házimunka, film). Lehet önbüntetésként olyan házimunkát végezni, amit különösen utálunk (vasalás, mosogatás). Kerüljük el azt, hogy az alvás teljesítménynek tűnjön számunkra. Akár szándékosan ébren tölthetünk egy éjszakát, és másnap megyünk dolgozni. Az alváshiányt ne pótoljuk napközbeni szunyókálással.

Az alvászavarok kezeléséhez fontos tisztázni a zavar okait és a pontos tüneteket, ennek érdekében szükség lehet alvásnaplót vezetni, vagy alváslaboratóriumban műszeres alvásvizsgálatot végezni. Az alvászavarok legnagyobb része valamely átmeneti helyzethez, pszichés problémához köthető, vagy pszichiátriai, illetve testi betegség részeként jelentkezik, ezért, mint már szó esett róla, elsősorban ezeket az állapotokat kell kezelni.

Nőknél gyakori alvászavarok
Általánosságban elmondható, hogy a nők alvása fiatal felnőttkorban a legegészségesebb és a legkevésbé zavart. Az alvászavarok fiatal nőkben leggyakrabban a menstruációhoz, a terhességhez és az anyasághoz kapcsolódóan jelennek meg. A mai rohanó világban a legtöbb fiatal nő kevés időt szán az alvásra, és rendszerint nem vesz tudomást a nappali fáradtság, álmosság őt figyelmeztetni próbáló jeleiről.

Az évek múlásával a fizikális és a hormonális változások az alvást is befolyásolják. Az idősebb nők kevesebb időt töltenek mély alvásban és gyakrabban ébrednek fel éjjel. Az ebben a korban gyakoribbá váló ízületi gyulladás, légzészavarok, hőhullámok szintén zavarhatják az alvást. A nők alváshoz kapcsolódó érzései, aggodalmai is fontos összetevői az alvásminőségnek. A stressz, depresszió, félelem és más érzelmek befolyásolják az alvást.

Az alábbiakban felsorolunk néhány, a nők alvását befolyásoló tényezőt:
 menstruációs ciklus
 alvás a terhesség alatt
 alvás a változó korban
 a menopauza utáni évek

A menstruációs ciklus
A menstruációs ciklus egyes fázisaihoz az alvásmintázat érzékelhető változásai csatlakoznak. A premenstruációs periódusban a nőknél emelkedik az éjszakai ébredések száma, gyakoribbá válnak az alvászavarok. Ilyenkor az álmok gyakrabban észlelhetőek és élénkebbek is. Egyesek fokozott nappali álmosságról, fáradtságról és megnyúlt alvásidőről számolnak be.

Az alvásban bekövetkező változások gyakran egyéb jelekkel társulnak: alhasi görcsökkel, ingerlékenységgel, bizonyos ételek elfogyasztása utáni vágyakozással és az érzelmi élet változásaival. A problémák általában a menstruáció jelentkezése után néhány nappal megszűnnek. Azok a nők, akik ezeket a problémákat különösen zavarónak érzik, fokozott feszültséget és ingerlékenységet élnek át, náluk tartós, krónikus álmatlanság is kialakulhat.

Azok a nők, akik a menstruációhoz kapcsolódó alvászavart tapasztalnak, figyeljenek jobban alvásigényükre, tartsanak fenn szabályos alvás–ébrenlét ritmust, egészségesen étkezzenek és próbálják meg csökkenteni a stresszt. Ha az alvászavar a nappali aktivitást is befolyásolja, orvosi segítségre lehet szükség.

Alvás a terhesség alatt
A terhesség korai szakában a legtöbb várandós nő nappali fáradtságról és megnyúlt éjszakai alvásidőről számol be. Ez a szinte általánosan előforduló változás az alvásszükségletben, valószínűleg a terhesség során megemelkedő progeszteron szintnek köszönhető. A terhesség későbbi szakaszaiban, különösen az utolsó harmadban a nők alvásuk minőségének romlását észlelik. Bizonyos eltéréseket kutatások is megerősítettek: a lassú hullámú alvás (mélyalvás) mennyisége csökken és az éjjeli ébredések száma megnő. Egyes testhelyzetben nehézzé válik az alvás. Az alvás hatékonyságának és az alvással töltött idő arányának csökkenése a második harmadban kezdődik és folytatódik a harmadik trimeszterben is.

A terhesség utolsó szakaszában több oka lehet a rossz alvásnak: görcsölő lábak, hátfájás, gyomorégés, a magzat mozgásai, a terhesség okozta rossz közérzet, gyakori vizelési inger.

Anyaság
Miután a gyermek megszületett, az alvást zavaró fizikális tényezőket felváltja a babával való foglalkozás, ami a többszöri felébredés és felkelés miatt feldarabolja a kismama éjszakáját.

A terhesség során a várandós anya biztosítsa az elegendő alvást, tartson fenn szabályos alvás-ébrenlét ritmust és óvakodjon a stressztől, amennyire lehetséges. Az altatók és az alkohol fogyasztása tilos a terhesség alatt, az alvás elősegítését egyéb módszerekkel kell segíteni! Az izomrelaxációs technikák segíthetik a jó alvást és csökkentik a terhesség alatti diszkomfortérzést. Kiegyensúlyozott diétával és a nehéz és fűszeres ételektől való tartózkodással a gyomorégés megelőzhető.

A terhesség után is fontos az elegendő pihenés, mert a súlyosan zavart alvás szülés utáni depresszióhoz és a gyermekkel való durva bánásmódhoz vezethet.

Néhány megfontolandó tény
 A hosszabb ideig folytatott váltott műszakos munka egészségi kockázatot jelent.
 A koffein csökkenti ugyan az álmosságérzetet, azonban a napi alvásigény mértékét nem befolyásolja.
 Az alkoholos italok segítik az elalvást, azonban légzéskimaradást (apnoe) és felületes alvást idéznek elő.
 A stressz, az aggódás, az esti aktív tevékenység olyan anyagokat szabadít fel az agyban (például kortizol), amik az ébren maradást segítik elő.
 Az alvás nem tévesztendő össze az eszméletlen állapottal.
 A délutáni szunyókálás javítja az agy tanulási képességét.

Az alvás világnapja
Az alvás világnapja a mozgó dátumú világnapok között március második teljes hetének péntekje (a tavaszi napéjegyenlőséghez kötődően), 2017-ben március 17.

Alvás az állatoknál

Kísérletek és megfigyelések alapján arra a következtetésre jutottak az orvosok és egyéb "alvás az állatoknál" témakörben kísérletezők, hogy az állatok alvás közben külsőleg remegnek (a megfigyeléseket kutyákon végezték). Az alvás tartama rövidebb, mint az embereké, de egy napon belül többször is bekövetkezik (az alvások száma változó). Alvások száma függ külső és belső fizikai és kémiai változásoktól. Az alvás mennyisége az emberhez hasonlóan a kor előrehaladtával csökken. A halaknál különböző alvásformák figyelhetőek meg, viszont a többi gerincessel szemben nem kerülnek teljes önkívületi állapotba, agyuk mindig aktív marad, így sokkal fogékonyabbak a külső ingerekre.

A leghosszabb ideig alvó emlősök:
 Koala, átlagban napi 22 óra
 Barna denevér: napi 20 óra
 Tobzoskák: napi 18 óra

A legrövidebb ideig alvó emlősök:
 zsiráfok: napi 2 óra (5-10 perces adagokban)
 európai őz: napi 3 óra
 ázsiai elefánt: napi 3 óra

Hivatkozások

Források
 National Sleep Foundation honlapja angol és spanyol nyelven
 Circadian Rhythms by Andrew B. Hollander
 www.alvascentrum.hu: Az egészséges alvás
 library.thinkquest.org: agyhullámok frekvenciája
 www.web-us.com agyhullámok jellemzése
 Alvászavar okai és kezelése
 Alvás.lap.hu
 Álmatlanság bővebben

További információk
 Furcsa képességet birtoklunk alvás közben egy kutatás szerint
Szerv-óra, ami megmutatja, hogy a 12 fő szervünk mikor aktív!
Michel Jouvet: Alvás és álom; ford. Gécseg Zsuzsa; Typotex, Budapest, 2001 (Test és lélek)

Orvostudomány

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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"Whether you're looking for a world-class race-bike, blueprinted from the crank up, a one-of-a-kind pukka street bike, a Grand Prix chassis, or a Formula-spec motor, NYC Norton corners this specialized market by delivering classic bikes at the highest level of performance. The championship-winning history behind the NYC Norton trademark can't be found on every street corner. The company is not a typical roll-in shop with display cases of cheap aftermarket parts, but a dedicated workspace streamlined for the sole purpose of producing high-performance street and racing bikes and assembling their associated components, which are either built in-house or sourced from the best suppliers in the world. In addition to working closely with Steve Maney Racing, JS Motorsport, Old Britts and Comstock Engineering, NYC Norton is proud to be the exclusive North American distributor for Minnovation Racing."
"Providing engineering design services is the backbone of our service offering. By interfacing with the client from an early stage, we can bring the greatest benefits of a well engineered product to your project. Our mechanical engineers use Pro/Engineer Wildfire 3.0 to realize your design in a virtual 3D model. Electrical engineering and circuit design is done with PADS PCB design software and project management is accomplished with MS Project, which allows us to accurately estimate both time and cost for projects and to closely track project progress.
Our engineers all have years of experience in designing consumer products or manufacturing fixturing. Regular software classes and research in the latest fabrication technologies keep us on top of the rapidly changing developments in design and manufacture.
From our foundation of strong engineering principles, we can provide short leadtime prototype fabrication and short production runs. This true integration of design-to-manufacture in one house minimizes vendor delays and miscommunications."
Thanks to Kenny Cummings of NYC Norton for the tour!
PRPS/TSY "Blackbird" denim collaboration party.


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Q: How do I specify my whitespace style in Eclipse and reformat an offending document? I have a document that is mixed HTML, JavaScript, and PHP. I edit it in Eclipse.
I am not the original author of the document, I am modifying it.
When modifying it, Eclipse's TAB and SHIFT+TAB (Indent and Unindent) do not function as expected.
Any indentation I insert by pressing TAB can be undone with SHIFT+TAB, but the indentation already in the document cannot be undone the same way. Pressing SHIFT+TAB in this case does nothing.
It seems the whitespacing in this file is different than what Eclipse expects.
My natural coding style (which came from customizing VIM) is spaces-only, with my TAB and SHIFT+TAB inserting and removing four spaces at a time.
How do I reprogram Eclipse for this, and then get Eclipse to restyle this document of unknown formatting to restore my keyboard shortcuts to normal behavior?
I understand that [Window] -> [Preferences] -> (language) -> [Code Style] contains a lot of options, but that's more than I was looking to do right now, plus I commonly find myself working in a lot of different Eclipse installations. Are there predefined Code Styles I can find somewhere for this particular style and import? I would imagine it is a relatively common style.

A: As far as I know there is no way no import a particular set of preferences, which seems what you are looking for. You import and export them as a whole (and it doesn't work very well, by the way).
I am afraid what you have to do is to configure them yourself in the preferences and edit the code more or less manually.


Below is an alphabetical listing of the 18 game(s) we have on record that this artist contributed to (view sortable list). Please note that we only have artists on record for games that have been ReMixed.
"The Dream Will Never Die (Uplifter Mix)"
"as time goes on (you are love to me)"
"The Shining Blue Armor Descends"


The last remaining Atlanta area Mama Fu's Asian House closed earlier this week. I noticed last week that the restaurant seemed abandoned inside and read a posted sign stating that they were open for lunch only: it was lunchtime. This was the chain's original location, opened by former franchiser / developer Raving Brands, in 2003. The concept's largest franchisee, Austin-based Murphy Adams Restaurant Group, purchased the concept from Raving Brands and moved its corporate headquarters to Austin. When Raving Brands owned the concept, there was talk of hundreds of locations in 5 years: that didn't happen. As recently as October 2008, Murphy Adams claimed that they hoped to add 150 locations by 2013. By my count, they have added 1, for a grand total of 12 locations system-wide. Personally, I think one could find better Asian style cuisine almost anywhere but one reader on Yelp took it a step further saying "I would rather eat cardboard garnished with toe jam than to eat here again. Bland and gross." Overall the restaurant had a 1.5 rating based on 19 reviews. I noted the limited success of the chain in an earlier post: clearly Atlantans prefer the likes of Tin Drum Asia Cafe and Doc Chey's Noodle House. While Murphy Adams is the current owner of the brand, Raving Brands retained ownership of this location and recently had listed it for sale with The Shumacher Group.
Mama Fu's "Asian inspired cuisine" was just awful. It was as if they were told to make the food without the required spices and seasonings.
What Sprock didn't realize is that its a lot easier for Joe the Plumber to roll a burrito than stir fry chinese food. That's where Raving got off track. Creating brands that were just too hard to franchise. Look at the other Raving concepts that have seen some success. Shane's, Planet Smoothie and Monkey Joe's. All very easy to operate with a half way intelligent owner. The biggest joke was Flying Biscuit. You need a culinary school degree to operate that!
Yes - FB was tough...way too tough to operate. I was a former employee and I saw upfront the costs and waste. It was bound to fail - unfortunately. With all the loss however - Sprock has the $$$$...so he won in the end.
Mama Fu's was nice when there were cooks like Franciso ! Big up Vargas...need more men like you in restaurant kitchens!


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Home / Faculty / Asma Barlas
Asma Barlas
Alumni Letters & Guestbook
Retirement Events: 2021
Qur'an Conference, May '21
Believing Women, UK Book Talks '19
Believing Women in Islam
Believing Women: A Brief Introduction
Reunderstanding Islam
Islam, Muslims, and the U.S.
Democracy, Nationalism, Communalism
Selected Book Chapters, Journal Articles, Reviews
Patriarchalism and the Qur'an
Does the Qur'an Support Gender Equality?
Embodying Islam and Muslims
Hold[ing] Fast by the Best
Engaging Islamic Feminism
Women's Readings of the Qur'an
Reviving Islamic Universalism
Globalizing Equality
Modern Muslim Intellectuals
"Secular and Feminist Critiques of the Qur'an: Anti-Hermeneutics as Liberation?"
Uncrossed Bridges: Islam, feminism, and secular democracy
Selected Presentations /Interviews
Teaching in Russia & Spain
Retired Professor, Politics
School: School of Humanities and Sciences
Email: abarlas@ithaca.edu
Speciality: Research Interests: Islam; Qur'anic hermeneutics; Muslim sexual politics; Colonialism and Decoloniality.
file-outline C.V. - barlas.cv21.pdf (144.22 KB)
I joined the Politics department in 1991 and retired in 2020 (I can still be reached via my IC email). For about half this time, I served as the founding director of the Center for the Study of Culture, Race, and Ethnicity (1999- 2002; 2006-15); in Spring 2008, I also held the Spinoza Chair in Philosophy at the University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands. However, my career path began in 1976 in Pakistan's Foreign Service, from which I was later fired at the behest of the country's military ruler, Gen. Zia ul Haq, for criticizing him. I then worked briefly as the assistant editor of the Muslim, an opposition paper, before leaving for the U.S., where I received political asylum.
My non-academic work includes poetry, short-stories, and a weekly column for the Muslim. My academic is about different aspects of violence, in particular, colonial, sexual, religious, and epistemic. My first book traces Pakistan's chronic militarism (and India's electoral politics) to British colonial rule (Democracy, Nationalism and Communalism: The British Legacy in South Asia; Westview, 1995). My next contests interpretations of Islam's scripture that sanction violence and discrimination against women in addition to proposing a liberatory hermeneutics (Believing Women in Islam: Unreading Patriarchal Interpretations of the Qur'an, University of Texas Press, 2002; 2019; U.K., Saqi, 2019; and, Believing Women: A Brief Introduction, co-authored with David R. Finn, UTP, 2019). Post 9/ 11/ 2001 writings explore the millennium long history of Western narratives and representations of Islam and Muslims (Islam, Muslims and the U.S. India, Global Media, 2004; and Re-understanding Islam, Netherlands, Van Gorcum, 2008), while more recent work engages with secular and Third wave Muslim feminist critiques of the Qur'an's sacrality (a new chapter in Believing Women; Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion; and Philosophy and Social Criticism). Currently, I'm writing about historicizing some rights in the Qur'an as a way to recuperate its advocacy of mutual guardian-ship and an "ethics of responsibilization" (to rephrase Jacques Derrida) between women and men.
Believing Women has been published in Bahasa Indonesian (2005) while several essays deriving from it have been translated into other languages, including Arabic, Bengali, Spanish, Dutch, Portuguese, French, and German. I've also been invited to speak about my work on the Qur'an in different venues and have especially appreciated doing so in Indonesia, Spain (Granada), Turkey, Russia, and Iceland.
I have a B.A. in English Literature and Philosophy (Kinnaird College) and an M.A. (first position) in Journalism (University of the Punjab) (Pakistan), and an M.A. and Ph.D. (with distinction) in International Studies (Graduate School of International Studies, now the Josef Korbel School, University of Denver, U.S.).
(Right: University of the Punjab, Old Campus, Lahore, Pakistan.)