He's playing with my cat. Would it be all right if I visited you today? The greater the genius, the longer it takes the world to find it out and understand it. I have lived here for ten years. He crosses the railroad tracks every morning. I hadn't really noticed Curtis got a haircut until you mentioned it. There are too many managers and not enough employees. Ilya may be having fun. The children sang songs. We've got a witness.
There's a warm wind blowing from the south. I'd like to go see a movie. You're aren't one of us. She is busy cooking dinner. I wish Hector would learn to speak French. That's very tall! Reading makes a full person; conference, a quick-thinking person; writing, an exact person. Don't pretend you don't know what I mean. I'm fairly sure Marek hasn't done his homework yet. Don't forget to call us.
He has no more than five English books. Alex seemed to learn nouns such as "paper," "key" and "cork," and color names such as "red," "green" and "yellow." I saw you while you were still under the fig tree before Philip called you. He looked deeply into her eyes. He gathered men fresh from college and new to the business. Don't forget to ask after Mr Long's wife when you see him. He gradually recovered his temper. Come on, hurry up. You'll miss the bus. His wife gave birth to a baby, who was born healthy. Bob will play the leading role for the first time in the next school festival.
We don't need Tiefenthal. I am no longer hungry. I'm not brave. I burned the cake. We bought the cheapest tea. Do you have any cheaper seats? For one thing, I'm penniless; for another, I don't have the time. We surrounded Daniele. She addressed herself to the task. Kerry was always able to answer all the questions.
Maybe I'll just give up soon and take a nap instead. The egg is hard. Rahul said it was funny. Please don't write letters to me anymore. Let's go over to your girlfriend's place! In summer, it's a tragedy. Get into your pajamas. She's a looker. Mohammad is a fluent speaker of Japanese. I saw a friend of mine yesterday.
Haven't we had enough of that nonsense already? It's too bad she can't come to the party. Be serious. He put up the notice on the suggestion board with a pin. Any activity you need to accomplish will take more time than you have. I can do without this. Where do you want me to put these suitcases? You don't have to paint the kitchen yellow. You can paint it any color you want. They neglected his advice, with the result the their company went bankrupt. It was very impressive.
Sherri slept for twelve hours straight. Why would Floria kill Takeuchi? Isidore remained calm. If I'd known you were coming, I would've tidied the house up a bit. Idleness is the devil's workshop. Is someone waiting for you? "My husband passed on two years ago," an elderly lady said. How about calling it a day? You need to get some help. I fully agree!
Many important historical events took place 7000 years B.C. They are plotting to kill the king. Keep still. I haven't been there yet. He began to cry, to scream, to knock his head against the wall, but the more he shrieked, the longer and the more hairy grew his ears. Kyu has a high-pitched voice. Rafik hadn't expected Juan to come so early in the morning. You're so diligent. Erik wants me to give him some space. You don't stand a chance.
We got up early so that we could see the sunrise. The invention of the telephone made it possible to communicate with people far away. I have brothers. Kazuhiro sometimes wishes Rajeev were a stoat. Given how much he likes them both, Laurence the stoat would be to him the manifestation of excellence itself. We have to talk Sal out of doing that. In Italy the child is a symbol of innocence. Hector has a secret passage in his house. A cultural heritage is handed down to posterity. If it's not for sale, don't advertise. Annie says it's hard to explain.
Let me know what you're up to. Dan met Matt in prison. They will carry you. I don't know who my ancestors are. Our papers got lost during the Flood. "Are you making fun of me?" "No, I'm not." Success! Soon, anybody can start learning Klingon! Gordon hasn't heard anything from Kurt for more than three years. It sounded easy. Diane is much more cooperative now. This air corridor is largely run by military aircraft.


text:
Q: Quantile-Quantile Plot using python statsmodels api I am trying to see whether a normal distribution with specific parameters fits to a data set. However it seems qqplot does not work as it is expected to. The following small example shows this:
import numpy as np
import statsmodels.api as sm
import pylab

test = np.random.normal(20,5, 1000)

sm.qqplot(test, loc = 20, scale = 5 ,  line='45')
pylab.show()

As one can see I expect the points to be around the line with slope = 1 but it gives the following figure:

Can anyone explain me why this happens?

A: You can use  line = '45' and it will work well if you have z-normalized data, meaning your distribution will have mean = 0 and sd = 1. In other cases you have several options, e.g. line = 's' or line = 'q' in case you want to see a fit against standardized line (the expected order statistics are scaled by the standard deviation of the given sample and have the mean added to them) or against line fit through the quartiles, which in my opinion is the one really meaning full and let's observe well the deviation of your data distribution from the normal one. Also, you can use line = 'r' for to see the fit to regression line. By default line is set to "None"
simply use code like this
import numpy as np
import statsmodels.api as sm
import pylab

test = np.random.normal(20, 5, 1000)

sm.qqplot(test, line='q')
pylab.show()

A: Please add "fit" as :
sm.qqplot(aaa, line = "45", fit = True)

A: I noticed that when I omitted the line='45' parameter from your code the following plot results.

We can see that what has happened is that, in the Q-Q plot that statsmodels makes the theoretical quantiles are not rescaled back to the dimensions of the original pseudosample, which is why the blue line is confined to the left edge of the your plot.
I don't know how to make statsmodels do what you want; however, there is another way — see https://stackoverflow.com/a/47189575/131187.

A: You can try setting the fit parameter to True

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Lead Generation and Brand Awareness for a Local Charity
The pre-Christmas period is known for many charitable organisations calling for more donations and boosting attention towards to their work and activities. Due to the noise in this space around christmas it can be difficult for charities to make themselves heard and reach the right target audience. Kindernothilfe, an international children's rights organisation, confronted us with this challenge before Christmas 2019. They wanted:
To announce their Christmas campaign to companies "Donations instead of gifts"
To communicate the various donation options for customers and employees
To create a four-page whitepaper that they could use for long-term marketing purposes
To generate leads (MQLs) with interest of Kindernothilfe's "Donations instead of gifts" campaign
Our solution approach:
Together with Kindernothilfe, we quickly identified the relevant contacts within target
companies including, management and board of directors of SMEs, secretariats, HR employees and marketing and communication employees. Additionally, industries that were not part of the
of Kindernothilfe were excluded.
In order to identify the target audience optimally, we decided to use an informative four-page whitepaper. Readers were given a practical guide on how and why companies should replace gifts with donations at Christmas time and the benefits of this to their own organisations. It was important that the whitepaper could still be used after the Advent season and thus make a long-term contribution to Kindernothilfe. We focused on how a corporate donation could be carried out on a long-term basis and how it could be communicated successfully and profitably to customers and business partners.
An appealing and practice-oriented whitepaper that was very well received by the target audience.
Generation of 90 interested Marketing Qualified Leads within a very short period of time. Kindernothilfe could then further qualify them as required.
The campaign recorded an ROI of around 150% in the immediate aftermath – although by this time many companies had already completed their Christmas planning.
Increased traffic on the B2B landing page of Kindernothilfe.
Positive feedback: Many enterprises, which had already prepared a gift instead opted to give a donation.
The B2B Media Group provided us with optimal support in addressing numerous companies shortly before Christmas. We can and will continue to use the whitepaper later. With the help of the campaign, we were not only able to raise funds for children in need in the short term, but also have the long-term opportunity to get companies excited about our work and cooperation.
We would like to thank the B2B Media Group, who supported the campaign with a great deal of commitment and also provided financial support.
Judith Allert
Key Account Manager, Kindernothilfe e.V.
Our Customer: Kindernothilfe e.V.
The international child's rights organisation based in Duisburg supports children in need and
stands up for their rights – so that children worldwide can go to school, grow up healthy and safe.
Kindernothilfe are currently supporting, protecting and helping more than two million girls and boys in 32
countries including: Africa, Asia, Europe and Latin America. Children who live on the street. Children who work
instead of going to school. Children who have no future prospects: Together with many donors, sponsors, schools or companies, Kindernothilfe have been improving their living conditions in a sustainable way and has been supporting disadvantaged children towards having an independent and self-determined life for more than 60 years.
Kindernothilfe has received the DZI donation seal of approval for the serious handling of donations since 1992. In 2016, the child rights organisation took first place in the transparency test conducted by Phineo AG, commissioned by Spiegel Online.
Author: Natalie Weirich
Lead Generation | Success Story
How Metabo catched the attention of craftsmen with target group marketing
Where do craftsmen who need cordless garden ranges get their information? Possibly offline in various specialist and DIY stores or online via Google search, via comparison portals or via specialist portals: they search for specific keywords, look for products or...
How Adapteo positioned a new product on the market with content marketing and native advertising
Flexible and hybrid - two characteristics that are often associated with the HR sector, for example in work models, or with IT, for example in data transfer, but less so with the construction industry. But here, too, flexible, modular building elements that can be...
B2B lead generation success without trade fairs
Showcasing specific products to the right target audience is the daily challenge in B2B marketing. Before the Corona lockdown, many B2Bers used events and trade fairs to make new contacts and generate leads. Due to meeting restrictions, this was no longer possible,...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


We are a republic, a representative democracy, that requires our elected officials to make decisions for the vast majority of us. We cannot hope to see our ideals and principles consistently supported unless the people we elect understand fundamental morality, natural laws, liberty and justice. Therefore we must encourage and embolden such people to consider running for public office, prepare themselves for the good fight, and serve courageously. Yes, we must encourage and ask good people to sacrifice, grow a thick skin and represent us in all branches of government, from the US Congress to local dog catcher, so that the rest of us always have good candidates to vote for instead of having to hold our noses when we vote for those we may consider the least harmful choices.


Hip pack in printed technical poly with carabiner fastenings. Adjustable strap. Patch pocket at face with D-ring. Top zip closures. Canvas-lined interior. Poly, cotton. Made in Italy.
Measure: 5" L x 7.25" H x 1.25" D.


The EU General Data Protection Regulation (the "GDPR") and the Data Protection Act 2018 seek to protect individuals against interferences with their privacy by regulating the way personal data are collected, handled, disclosed, used and stored.
Morpho UK Limited ("Morpho") understands the importance of, and is committed to, protecting data subjects' personal data. For the purposes of the Data Protection Regulation Morpho UK Limited is a joint data controller working jointly with The Minister for the Cabinet Office as represented by Government Digital Services (GDS). Morpho is part of the IDEMIA Group of Companies ("IDEMIA Group") which is a global organisation.
This policy sets out how Morpho aims to protect the privacy of personal data, your rights in relation to your personal data managed by Morpho and the way Morpho collects, holds, uses and share personal data. This policy explains how we use the personal data we collect about you when you use our website and applications to access government websites. This policy may be updated from time to time.
- To detect Identity fraud. We reserve the right to report to any appropriate agency or other relevant body any suspicious activities encountered by Us in relation to Your interaction with Morpho as part of the Services. If we pass this information to the Government Digital Service, they may report this information to other appropriate agencies or relevant bodies. The agency or relevant body will process your personal data for the purpose of detecting and preventing identity fraud.
- Personal data collected by Morpho may also be used for secondary purposes provided that it is compatible with the purpose for which it was initially collected. The Scientific research and statistic activities are compatible purposes. IDEMIA Identity & Security, the mother company of Morpho, may keep your data in order to develop and improve our products and services. Morpho will only keep personal data for these purposes for time period not exceeding one year and will be pseudonymised. Once information is no longer required Morpho will destroy such information.
Morpho usually collects personal data directly from you. Optionally, you may also provide a photo of your passport and provide a photo of your face (selfie). We will compare them using biometric identification (face recognition). Morpho requires you to complete a consent form to acknowledge that you are fully aware of the collection and processing of your personal data.
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We might in certain circumstances verify if you are active on social networks.
Morpho will keep your data for as long as necessary in order to provide you with the services available on our website and applications.
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Morpho may also keep your contact details, with your consent (opt-out), for direct marketing in connection with the service provided.
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Morpho will keep your personal data to the extent necessary to comply with all applicable laws, regulations and code of practices.
Morpho will keep your photos (passport's and selfie) for the duration of the matching (a few seconds only).
Morpho ensures that all personal data is handled by IDEMIA SAS, France in accordance with the GDPR.
Appropriate security measures are put into place.Where possible the personal data used for the abovementioned purposes will be pseudonymised, de-identified or anonymised.
Morpho will not sell, rent or otherwise disclose your personal data to third parties without your informed prior consent.
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It will also ensure that its processors will not transfer personal data outside the EEA, unless the transfer is handled in compliance with the GDPR.
Your information may be used by SecureIdentity (Morpho UK) for its own marketing purposes in connection with the service provided. We will require your consent (opt-in). your marketing preferences can be modified.
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Morpho takes the security and confidentiality of personal data very seriously. Your information will be stored and processed on our servers based in the European Union.
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Your communications with our Customer Services (by post, mail, telephone or live chat) may be monitored and recorded for training, quality control and compliance purposes.
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Right to data portability: this rights applies to personal data which you provided us and that we use on the basis of your consent or to provide a contract you have the right to receive the information you gave to us back in a "machine-readable" format.
Right to object to automated decision making: where automated processing has taken place where consent has been given or under a contract and where the processing has a legal or similarly significant effect, you have the right to a human intervention .
The SecureIdentity service website (www.secureidentity.co.uk/my-account) can also give you a copy of the personal data you provided Us and which we process.
If you would like to make a direct request to us, you can send us a letter or contact us by email (see 1.9 "contact Us").
You acknowledge that in the event that our website or applications link to third party sites or apps, those third party sites and apps may have their own policies in relation to data protection and privacy. We advise that you read any such policies, and you acknowledge that besides the GDPR scope of application, Morpho shall have no responsibility or liability for the use of your personal data by any such third parties.
If you have any questions, complaints or concerns about how we use your personal data, you can contact us by writing to SecureIdentity Data Protection Officer, 255 Wharfedale Road, Winnersh Triangle, Wokingham, Berkshire, United Kingdom RG41 5TP or by email at help@secureidentity.co.uk.
Where a request is received by postal letter or email, Morpho will take all the necessary steps to verify that it is you making the request before granting access or making corrections to your personal data. Morpho reserves the right to charge a £10 fee in order to provide you with the personal data you request. Morpho shall use reasonable endeavours to provide you access to your personal data within 30 calendar days of receiving any request from you.
You will receive a response within a reasonable period, but no later than 30 days.
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This Policy applies to our websites and our mobile applications (individually and collectively referred to in this Policy as "the Website").
Any changes to this Policy will be posted here. We reserve the right to vary this Policy from time to time and such changes shall become effective as soon as they are posted. Your continued use of the Website constitutes your agreement to all such changes.
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These cookies are essential, as they enable you to navigate this Website and use its features, such as accessing secure areas. These cookies allow this Website to provide services at the request of users.
Without these cookies, services you have asked for cannot be provided.
Performance cookies allow us to update this Website to cater for Website user preferences and improve performance. They collect information about how this Website is used, e.g. which pages users visit most often and where error messages are delivered.
How do I make a Subject Access Request (S.A.R)?


After getting (almost) run over several times, it has been explained to me that the right turn *always* has the right of way here. So, for example, say you're driving fast down a straight road, but you're approaching an intersecting street on your right. If and only if there is a vehicle barreling down that street about to make a fast and completely legal right turn onto the street upon which you are driving, it's your responsibility to prepare to stop.
You don't have to be attractive to be on TV here. There *are* lots of attractive people on TV here, but it certainly does not appear to be a universal rule like it is in the States. There are loads of normal looking people on TV. Makeup, lighting and airbrushing are used sparingly. This has not affected how disinclined I am to watch TV. When I do, every other commercial is for cheese or chocolate.


text:
Registration offices in Nez Perce, Idaho
Registration offices in Idaho
Payette County Assessor's Office
205 N 12th St, 83661
Other services in Nez Perce county, Idaho:
Driver's License in Nez Perce county, Idaho
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Plates in Nez Perce county, Idaho
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Alternate Testing in Nez Perce county, Idaho
CDL Written in Nez Perce county, Idaho
CDL Driving in Nez Perce county, Idaho
Commercial in Nez Perce county, Idaho
DMV in Nez Perce county, Idaho
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USPS in Nez Perce county, Idaho
Social Security in Nez Perce county, Idaho
Elementary Schools in Nez Perce county, Idaho
Secondary Schools in Nez Perce county, Idaho
Search Registration offices in Nez Perce (ID) by city
Culdesac
Lapwai
Search Registration offices in Idaho by county
Search Registration offices by state
There are different options to renovate the driving license. The first option is to do it via Internet, to do it online, the applicant must possess the plates license and the last five digits of the vehicle Identification Number; in case of a vessel or boat you will need the Hull Identification Number, and the smog certification; last, you will need to have the renewal notice with your current home address.
At the moment of the renewal the applicant must not have any doubt or infraction. Once the applicant has processed the renewal, he or she will receive a sticker within the next 5 days with the renovated plate.
The second option is through a DMV auto service terminal (Department of Motorized Vehicles), there you can have the new sticker instantly. Apart from the registry renewal, you can operate other formalities from there, like paying the restitutio fare for suspension of the vehicle plate, present or renew the affidavit of a non-used vehicle, among others.
These kinds of terminals help to avoid waiting lines and to make more efficient and fast transactions, you may use these terminals for all kinds of vehicles,pickups, motorcycles, house trailers and commercial vehicles that don't need a commercial plate.
The last option for registry renewal is through the BPA (Business Partners Automatization program). The DMV allows that business partners have the chance to process and issue license plates, enabling decals and plates among others.


The practice of law is broken. Smart, talented lawyers often work day and night to support fancy offices and partner's income. Clients know they are paying for the polished conference rooms and designer suits, while associates are missing birthdays and dance recitals to pay the rent and support lifestyles of other lawyers. None of these expenses make the world a better place for clients or lawyers.
Blackgarden Law (BGL) was founded to make the experience of law better for clients and lawyers. Our offices are simple but functional. By keeping our overhead modest our rates can remain reasonable but sustainable. Furthermore, we are focused on a few core areas of business law, which helps us provide predictable and expert counsel. Our practice is built on a foundation of strong relationships with clients.
BGL is a boutique trademark, corporate and securities firm with offices in Albuquerque and Phoenix. We work with closely held businesses of every type. While our firm has particular depth in several areas (craft beer and beverages, technology startups and emerging growth companies) we are truly experts in understanding the needs of each client and how they can best navigate their unique market challenges. No matter your stage, we can help you start, finance, grow and protect your dream.
Your brand is the greatest asset created by your business. All the reputation, successes and relationships developed by an organization are contained within its brand. BGL helps you choose, protect and maintain your brand assets in a world where distinction and authenticity are endangered species.
The craft beer industry has exploded, due to the devotion by its leaders to producing local, unique and authentic experiences. BGL is proud to represent leaders and newcomers in the craft beer, spirits and related food markets.
Every business entity is a creature of the law. It's structure, assets, relationships and growth are all dependent on a solid foundation of enforceable agreements and predictable transactions. Blackgarden Law gives businesses of any size the tools they need to thrive in a complex and dynamic environment.
The startup and small business community is a dynamic and creative marketplace that requires legal advice from attorneys who understand the technicalities and culture of early stage and high growth enterprises. As part of this practice we have developed an expertise in website terms and privacy policies for new and established businesses.
Securities law is the intersection of investors, entrepreneurs and regulators. It is a critical and complex area of the law that maintains the delicate balance between the capital needs of businesses and protection of individuals who help grow the economy through investment of capital.
Investors come in all shapes and sizes. From funding your niece's software venture to building a fund that will put capital to work in many entities, we have the experience to provide guidance and practical counsel on fund structure and strategy. Large or small, BLG will work with you clients to provide the optimal structure for the size of fund and your deployment goals.
We jump through hoops for our clients.
Blackgarden Law is a boutique business law practice that provides legal services to established and emerging companies in the craft beverage, tech, small business and investment industries.


Experience the power of nature, with 9 medicinal plant extracts that work together to relieve multiple digestive symptoms, including those associated with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS).
If you suffer from digestive symptoms, you'll know they can be painful and uncomfortable. Frustratingly, it is not always known where they come from.
Common digestive symptoms include abdominal pain and cramps, fullness, bloating, gas, heartburn and nausea. For some people, these symptoms can return frequently or never really disappear. They are often interlinked, so people can suffer from a range of different symptoms at the same time. Overall, digestive symptoms can have a negative impact on well being and quality of life.
If unpleasant digestive symptoms persist over a longer period of time, a functional bowel disorder like Functional Indigestion (Dyspepsia) or Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) could be to blame. If you think you might be suffering from a functional bowel syndrome, make sure you visit a doctor.
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Iberogast has been studied in clinical trials where it has been proven to be effective in relieving multiple functional digestive symptoms.1,2 Iberogast has been used to relieve functional digestive symptoms for more than 50 years and is now sold in many countries worldwide, including in Europe and North America.
Iberogast is available over the counter from pharmacies and from selected naturopaths and health food stores.


text:
new passions v2
**And the Facebook is working again. And all was right in the world.**
Warning: The following post inspired by my recent trip to the Augustiner Museum is extremely long and highly nerdy. Writing it mostly helped me sort out some of my own thoughts, but I think it's interesting enough to post, too. If you don't agree, you can go read my thoughts about beer instead.
I think I'm developing a new intellectual pursuit. I know, I know, that's all pretentious and Plan II of me, but it's true. It's nothing I'd ever even really thought about before, but now that I'm immersed in it, I'm fascinated.
Sacred. Art. Is. So. Cool.
I blogged a little bit about some of the art my mom and I got to see when we were in France. But even since then, I've just been captivated with all that I've seen.
Sacred art is really prevalent here in Europe, what with all the old churches and, you know, the Renaissance and stuff. No big deal. But apparently the Oberrhein, the region of Europe that includes Freiburg and Strasbourg, is a hotbed for statues, altarpieces, paintings, wood carvings, and stained glass windows depicting Jesus, Mary, biblical scenes, and the early saints. In my exploration of the sacred art of the Oberrhein (a journey which, thus far, includes the Unterlinden Museum in Colmar, cathedrals in Strasbourg and Freiburg, and most recently the Augustiner Museum in Freiburg), I've discovered how rich and alive my faith's history and culture really is.
The cathedral in Freiburg was easily the biggest church Ive ever seen... crazy.
One thing that's especially fascinated me and made me want to learn more is the style of the portrayals of the early saints. In every church I've visited (like, ever visited, even in the US when I was 8 years old), when there are stained glass and statues portraying the saints' lives, I always look as hard as I can for some indication, some label, of which saint is which. But they're almost never labeled! It's so frustrating!
But at the Unterlinden, I learned that that's because there is this extremely detailed network of associations and symbols used to identify portrayals of the saints. For instance, if there is a statue of a female saint holding a lamb, that's St. Agnes. However, if it is a male figure with a lamb, it's John the Baptist. Some of them are kind of weird–St. Antony is always accompanied by a pig.
I mean, I guess I was aware that this kind of thing existed–I recognize statues of St. Laurence, my home parish's patron, because he's always holding a griddle, and St. Lucy, my confirmation saint, because she always holds a platter adorned with her eyeballs (lovely). But I never realized how important it was to the artistic culture or how detailed and all-encompassing it was. It just makes me want to learn every single saint's story so I can identify all the paintings and statues!
Another thing that's really stuck out is the specific assortment of saints that are frequently pictured. Biblical saints, of course, are very present; the Evangelists, appropriately, and also James the Greater, who for some reason really looks like a pirate. Besides them, though, the big players are the great saints of the early church. Despite choosing one of them as my confirmation patroness, I really don't know too much about these martyrs and virgins of the first few centuries A.D., so it's been awesome to learn more about them. The common portrayals I've been seeing have been Sts. Laurence, Barbara, Antony, Margaret, Catherine, and Sebastian.
For serious, at the Unterlinden I saw so many depictions of St. Sebastian that I really started to wonder what the heck was going on. The only reason I really knew of his story–he was martyred...twice...by being shot with arrows–was because a lot of my male friends chose him as their confirmation saint. He is the patron of sports, after all. It turns out that he's one of the saints that people really turned to during the Black Plague and so he, logically, became very popular at that time. And then it all made complete sense. I've seen him all over the place since then.
I've gotten pretty good at distinguishing these guys. Laurence, as I said, carries a griddle (in memory of his martyrdom), Antony is always accompanied by a pig (again, no idea on that one…), Barbara normally carries a small model of a church, and Margaret is shown with a dragon and the staff with which she killed it. (Um, awesome much? Those early virgins were pretty badass.)
Now, it's not surprising at all that a specific time and place in art and culture would have certain trends, certain things that artists especially valued, and certain people to whom they gave honor. But what really strikes me is the simultaneous dynamism and stability of Christian society. In the middle ages, Catholics in central Europe had really strong devotions to St. Barbara, St. Sebastian, and company… they prayed to them, made art featuring them, probably named their children after them. Even the main guilds of Freiburg each had a patron saint. The tanners, for instance, were especially devoted to St. Agnes. These devotions were so ingrained in European society in that historical moment.
But it didn't stop there. Christian society; European society; heck, human society: they don't stand still. They're in constant motion. Which we can see because hundreds of years later, in the 20th century, the same region of Europe was marked with a completely different flavor. Modern Europe, building off of hundreds of years of tradition, produced a new generation of great saints, men and women whose lives were very different from those of the early martyrs. And these saints are some of the ones my generation most identifies with, prays to, and will probably name our children after: Sts. Faustina and Maximilian Kolbe in Poland and St. Therese of Lisieux in France, to name a few.
Despite the obvious differences between today's society and the Middle Ages', there is still a need to connect to people, especially those who inspire us, those who are great. And we build and strengthen those connections in a lot of the same ways. Ever seen a picture of St. Therese that didn't include a rose? Modern saint identification. And how did St. Faustina communicate her message to the world? Largely through the Divine Mercy image. Modern sacred art!
You know, after typing that all out, it doesn't seem groundbreaking at all. It seems like the most natural thing ever. Seeing the very nearness of the early church to my own experiences kind of drives home the universality of my faith and of the human experience in general. I'm sure there were people going to the Cathedral in Strasbourg back in the day who were curious about the saints in the stained glass windows. In fact, the artists, writers, and theologians who first began devising the network of saints' symbols and associations probably did so because of that human desire to identify with and understand art. (Also probably because those people wondering about the saints' identities weren't exactly literate… but I diverge.)
Before I get lost in my nerdy little world and bore all you people in blog-land, let's summarize. Sacred art is cool. There is lots of it in Freiburg. Art brings people together. Even people who live thousands of miles and hundreds of years apart. It kind of makes me want to write my thesis on it. Which kind of makes me want to change my major to European Studies. But I don't want to get too ahead of myself. So for now, let's just stick with "Sacred art is cool."


The Vegas pedal is rugged and offers superior grip with its 32 pins. The nylon construction also makes it very light (356 g/pair) and stable at the same time. Rounded transitions allow the pedal to slide easily on pointed objects. Equipped with proven axle/bearing technology and interchangeable pins, as one is used to from Sixpack.
Très léger et pédales stables! La prise en main est bonne truie! Les mitgeliferten pins de rechange sont super!


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Water Damage Restoration Company in Conway
Water damage restoration and cleanup services for homeowners and business owners in Conway Arkansas. Water damage destruction can occur due to many reasons (broken pipes, storms, sewage, toilet overflows, etc) and sometimes we may not be able to anticipate when and where it may occur. Sometimes it requires a quick response since the damages can cause a lot of health concerns and lead to great losses. This is the reason any homeowner should consider hiring a Service Professionals company that has a great experience when it comes to water damage restoration.
Flood Restoration Company Near Me in Conway
Conway Water Extraction and Removal Services
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If your property is in need of cleanup of basement flooding, broken sump pumps flooding, storm damage, and sewer backups anywere in Conway , call our local office for fast respone!
Contact the local Conway Water Department
City of Conway
650 Locust St.
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Contact these emergency restoration contractor in Conway for water extraction and removal services
RePhorm Property Restoration
600 S German Ln #107, Conway, AR 72034,
Amazing Grace Restoration Services LLC
350 S Harkrider St building a, Conway, AR 72032
911 Restoration of Central Arkansas
940 Jeanette Dr, Conway, AR 72032
Certified Restoration Services is proud to be a community partners in Conway
Conway is home to these top companies Acxiom, Centennial Bancshares, and Nabholz. Conway has several schools including Conway High School, Conway Junior High School, and Ellen Smith Elementary School. Conway is a city in the U.S. state of Arkansas and the county seat of Faulkner County, located in the state's most populous Metropolitan Statistical Area, Central Arkansas. Although considered a suburb of Little Rock, Conway is unusual in that the majority of its residents do not commute out of the city to work. As of the 2020 census, the city proper had a total population of 68,850, making Conway the eighth-largest city in Arkansas.
About Conway, Arkansas
Conway is a city in the U.S. state of Arkansas and the county seat of Faulkner County, located in the state's most populous Metropolitan Statistical Area, Central Arkansas. Although considered a suburb of Little Rock, Conway is unusual in that the majority of its residents do not commute out of the city to work.
Elevation: 95 m
Area: 155.9 km²
Top sites in Conway, AR:
Lake Conway, Cadron Settlement Park, Baum Gallery
Is Conway AR a good place to live?
Conway is in Faulkner County and is one of the best places to live in Arkansas. Living in Conway offers residents a dense suburban feel and most residents rent their homes. … Many families and young professionals live in Conway and residents tend to lean conservative. The public schools in Conway are highly rated.
Is Conway Arkansas a safe place to live?
The chance of becoming a victim of either violent or property crime in Conway is 1 in 30. Based on FBI crime data, Conway is not one of the safest communities in America. Relative to Arkansas, Conway has a crime rate that is higher than 77% of the state's cities and towns of all sizes.
What is the crime rate in Conway Arkansas?
The rate of crime in Conway is 72.81 per 1,000 residents during a standard year. People who live in Conway generally consider the southwest part of the city to be the safest.
What is Conway known for?
Conway, the seat of Faulkner County, is a well-known center of education in central Arkansas. It is home to Hendrix College and surrounding historic district, the University of Central Arkansas (UCA), and Central Baptist College.


Golfers interested in participating in the 2016 Valero Texas Open have until April 15 to commit to the tournament, but already event organizers have lined up a compelling lineup of players expected to compete in San Antonio next month. The list includes defending Texas Open champion Jimmy Walker.
Walker, who lives in nearby Boerne, became the fourth Greater San Antonio resident to win the Alamo City tournament when he beat out Jordan Spieth by four strokes last year. Last season, Walker successfully defended his Sony Open in Hawaii title and advanced to the FedExCup Playoffs for a sixth consecutive year. He was ranked 16th in the FedExCup standings.
Several other notable names have committed to the 2016 Texas Open, scheduled for April 21-24 at the AT&T Oaks Course at TPC San Antonio. They include Dustin Johnson and Patrick Reed, who are currently ranked No. 9 and No. 10 in the world.
In fact, Texas Open officials said nine players ranked among the top 25 globally have confirmed plans to play in San Antonio.
The field is set to include seven players who are major tournament champions, including Ben Curtis, Zach Johnson and Justin Leonard.


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Audio is a term used for the science of sound wave generation, recording, and reproduction. A wave is a repetitive movement of the molecules of a substance, the medium, caused by movement of an object or pressure from some external force. When a wave is able to be heard by a person or animal, it is called a sound wave. Sound waves are most often characterized by a sine wave or a combination of them.
Best advice: Life isn't an arrow, it's a Sine Wave!
Author & Link: Christopher M. Schroeder
The topics below are designed to be read in order, at least initially, as indicated by the numbers beside the topic. Admittedly, these are presented in very basic fashion, intended for those new to this field, but a good understanding of the basics of any technical field is essential for mastery of any topic. Reading them in the order suggested will benefit the reader.
1 – Sine Waves, Overtones, and Harmonics
A Sine Wave
The dictionary definition of a sine wave is a waveform that represents periodic oscillations in which the amplitude of displacement at each point is proportional to the sine of the phase angle of the displacement and that is visualized as a sine curve. A sine wave is a mathematical function characterized by its frequency and its amplitude. The frequency is the time it takes for completion of a single wave cycle. The amplitude is the height or value of the waveform. Sound waves are measured in pressure units. In electronic circuits, this unit value is given in volts.
Perhaps the best way to understand how sound can be characterized by sine waves is to view a video such as the one created by Mark Newman in 2015 – Sound As Sine Waves Another helpful video is Overtones, Harmonics and Additive synthesis by SynthSchool, 2010. This video introduces the concept of overtones or harmonics, which are multiples of the fundamental frequency of a sine wave. Some instruments, such as a flute, can produce a sound that can be represented by a single sine wave. Most instruments generate sounds that contain harmonics of a single wave or combinations of sine waves at different fundamental frequencies. It is these different combinations of sine wave sounds that characterize each instrument.
In 1822, French mathematician Joseph Fourier discovered that any wave could be modeled as a combination of different types of sine waves.
This applies even to unusual waves like square waves and highly irregular waves like human speech. The discipline of reducing a complex wave to a combination of sine waves is called Fourier analysis, and is fundamental to many of the sciences, especially those involving sound and signals. – wiseGEEK
2 – Audio Frequencies and Human Hearing
The primary characteristic of a sine wave is its frequency. Frequency is measured in cycles per second, a unit which is now called Hertz, abbreviated Hz. (pronounced "hurts.") The human ear can only detect sound waves whose frequency is between roughly 20 Hz and 20,000 Hz. Of course, not every person is capable of hearing that entire frequency range. Typically the sound range of most people is between 50 and 10,000 Hz, depending upon one's gender, age, and previous sound level exposure. Moreover, the human ear has a sensitivity that varies with frequency.
Human ears are most sensitive to frequencies between 2000 and 4000 Hz, and that sensitivity falls off at higher and lower frequencies. Our ears are also more sensitive to high frequencies than lower ones – low frequency sounds (below 200 Hz) must be louder in order to be heard at the same level as higher frequencies. Our hearing sensitivity is also a function of the loudness of a sound. The curves which express these relationships are called equal loudness contours or Fletcher-Munson curves, named after the men who first described these relationships in 1933. A good description of this concept is found at Wikipedia.
To take an example, look at the red 40 Phon curve. (A phon is a measurement of sound pressure at 1 kHz, expressed in decibels, dB. (See below to learn about decibels.) This curve indicates that at 100 Hz, for a sound to be perceived as loud as one at 1Khz, it must have a value of about 60 dB, and a sound at 10kHz must be at 55 dB. The dB values will be defined below, and you'll see that those differences are significant. In general, frequencies below about 200 Hs are called bass, frequencies between 200 Hz and 2000 Hz are called mids, and all above about 2000 Hz are called highs. This is a somewhat arbitrary classification.
The human ear has an amazing ability to perceive and adapt to sound levels in ways that are not completely understood. Because of this ability, the human hearing capability may span a range of 140 dB, but sounds above about 85 dB are considered damaging to the ear structures. See Stanford University Study for more details.
3 – Distortion of Sound
When a sound is reproduced by an electronic system that precisely represents the original sound, that reproduction is said to have "high fidelity" – it is an exact or faithful representation of the sound source. When the electronic system changes the sound from the source, its is said to have created distortion. If the distortion consists of primarily overtones of the source wave, the distortion is called harmonic distortion. If the distortion creates new fundamental frequencies, it is called intermodulation distortion (IMD). Harmonic distortion often goes unnoticed in typical audio signals, being masked by other sounds, but IM distortion is usually more evident, as it creates frequencies not part of or similar to the original sound. Special instruments can measure the amount of distortion created by an electronic circuit. A high-quality circuit has total distortion below 0.01% or less.
An oscilloscope or similar device is required to see or measure distortion. In practice, an audio engineer must detect distortion by listening. Most people cannot detect distortion below about 1% in a typical musical piece, although some audiophiles claim to be able to hear distortion when it reaches 0.1% or so. Some musical instruments, such as an electric guitar, are designed intentionally designed to produce IMD as part of its sound, but for the sound technician, the systems in use must minimize most forms of distortion.
One particular source of distortion is signal overload. This occurs when the incoming signal is too great for the following circuit. This is called clipping. Most systems have some type of input level control to set the signal level so that it does not overload the amplification circuit. On a mixer, there are several stages where overload can occur if the level controls are not set properly.
One type of distortion that can occur with audio systems is phase distortion. When the waveform is somehow changed by the system without harmonic or IM distortion, it is usually called phase distortion. Many times, this is done on purpose by circuits that apply equalization. Equalization is a process of adding or removing specific frequencies from a sound to either make it sound more like the source or to give the sound from the source some desired audio properties – more bass or more treble, for example. Equalization generally introduces some phase distortion. Grossly changed phase relationships, without changing amplitudes, can be audible but the degree of audibility of the type of phase shifts expected from typical sound systems remains debated. (Wikipedia)
One source with more details on this topic is Understanding Audio Distortion.
David Williams also has a rather interesting article on Harmonics and THD in Audio Systems: Are You a Subjectivist or a Rationalist?
4- Audio Measurements and Ohm's Law
When electrons move through a conductor, the pressure or potential of the source is measured in volts, and the current – the amount or rate of flow – is measured in amperes, or amps. The resistance offered by the conductor to the flow of electrons is measured in ohms. An audio signal is a form of alternating current and the resistance is composed of inductive reactance and capacitative reactance. (Explained later.) These two are combined mathematically to give a resulting impedance, which is the resistance offered by a conductor to an alternating current.
The relationships between voltage, current and resistance in a given circuit are represented mathematically by an equation called Ohm's Law:
E = I x R,
where E is Voltage, I is current, and R is resistance. The power of the source that is created by the voltage applied to a resistance is given by the formula P = I x E
Power is measured in watts. From these two equations, it is apparent that power can also be expressed by
P = I x I x R
This equation can be used to calculate any one of the three circuit values from the other two values. For example,
I = E/R
The diagram to the right gives the equations for calculating the various parameters involved in Ohm's law. An online calculator for Ohm's Law can be found here.
5 – Logarithms and Decibels
One thing that new audio techs must get accustomed to is the use of logarithms. The definition is this: a quantity representing the power to which a fixed number (the base) must be raised to produce a given number. Logarithms are used to reduce the apparent spread of frequency and voltage values encountered in this field. For example, the figure used above to show equal loudness contours uses a logarithmic scale for the frequency values, as does the frequency response graph to the right. Without that, it is impossible to read the values from a graph that covers more than about 5 octaves. (An octave is a doubling of a frequency value.) The logarithmic graph is able to display values from 10 Hz to 20kHz, which covers almost 15 octaves. Amplitude values have the same problem. Audio signals can range from near zero to around 20 volts, which is an infinite range, but the lowest values measured are around 0.000001 volt (1 microvolt) to about 10 volts, which is equivalent to about 27 octaves. (Octave is a term not normally used with regard to amplitude values, however.) To express such a large range of values, a logarithmic function is used. To describe this function, let me use a quote from Wikipedia:
The decibel (symbol: dB) is a logarithmic unit used to express the ratio of one value of a physical property to another, and may be used to express a change in value (e.g., +1 dB or -1 dB) or an absolute value. In the latter case, it expresses the ratio of a value to a reference value; when used in this way, the decibel symbol should be appended with a suffix that indicates the reference value or some other property. For example, if the reference value is 1 volt, then the suffix is "V" (i.e., "20 dBV"); and if the reference value is one milliwatt, then the suffix is "m" (i.e., "20 dBm"). However, sound pressure level is referenced to the "threshold of hearing" (generally given as 20 micropascals at 1 kHz), and the suffix is "SPL" (i.e., "60 dB SPL"). The formula for the decibel value that relates two power values is
dB = 10xLog(P2/P1)
Here, P1 is called the reference value, and the Log uses the base 10.
Since voltage values relate to power values as a square root function, in order to be able to easily compare the two decibel values, the formula for voltage values is
dB = 20xLog(V2/V1)
To see how this works, let's calculate the decibel value for a 10-volt signal relative to 1 volt. The division result is 10, the log10(10) is 1, and the dB value is 20. Thus, a 20 dB value means that the voltage in question is 10 times its reference voltage. If this voltage were applied to a 1-ohm resistor, the resulting current would be 10 amps (I=E/R).
Now if this 10-volt signal were applied across a resistance of 1 ohm, the effective power, for the same current value, would be 100 watts. (P=IxIxR), and the 1-volt signal across the 1-ohm resistor would create a 1-amp current and a power value of 1 watt. The resulting power ratio would be 100/1, and the log10 (100) is 2, so the resulting dB value would be 20.
So we see that the dB calculations give the same result whether the amplification is calculated based on voltage or power. This little mathematical excursion may seem drawn out, but it is very important to have a feel for voltage and power numbers expressed in this way, since most amplitude values are expressed in dB in practice. For example, look at how the faders (sliders) of a typical mixer are labeled. The scale is sometimes linear, but the values are logarithmic. That's because the underlying variable resistance controlled by the fader has a logarithmic contour. At the lower positions of the fader, each unit of movement produces a greater change in its output than when the slider is at the upper positions. At the 0 dB position, the output signal is equal to the input signal, so some mixers label this position as U, for unity gain. Notice that the fader covers about a 70 dB range.
In terms of voltage, if the mixer is rated at 1 volt out with the slider at 0 dB, the slider covers a range from +10 (~3 volts) to -60 (0.001 or 1 millivolt. That represents power values of 10 watts down to 1 microwatt (10^-6 watt). Also remember that multiplication of two numbers can be accomplished by adding their logarithms. Thus if voltage of 10 volts (20dBV) is amplified 10 times to 100 (40dBV) you get the same result by adding 20dBV + 20dBv = 40dBv. Most often, the sound technician uses dB to measure differences in sound levels, so the reference voltage or power need not be known. We'll come back to this point when we discuss mixers elsewhere.
It is also useful for a technician to keep in mind what a few decibel numbers represent. A great table for seeing these values is found at Wikipedia. Note that a +3 dB change doubles a power value and is about 1.4 times a voltage value. A 10 dB difference is 10 times a power value and about 3 times a voltage value. A 20 db difference represents 100 times a power value and 10 times a voltage value. One site that has an informative page about Decibels is Physclips. Here, you can hear differences in sound levels measured in decibels and learn more about the topics presented above. Also see the article on decibels at Boundless.com.
6 – Transducers
In general, a transducer is a device that converts one type of energy into another. Common examples in the audio field include microphones, loudspeakers, position and pressure sensors or devices, and antennae. A piano keyboard, a guitar, and a drum are transducers that change mechanical energy into sound waves. A horn or a
clarinet converts vibrational energy into sound waves. Of course, sound waves are a form of vibrational energy, and transducers are needed to convert these into electrical signals.
A microphone is a transducer. A piezoelectric device that converts sound pressure waves into an electrical signal may be called a microphone or a piezoelectric transducer. These are often used with guitars and pianos to convert their sound into electrical signals that can be amplified. An electronic keyboard converts mechanical movements directly into an electronic signal. The needle used in playing a vinyl record converts mechanical movement into an electrical signal. Speakers and
low-frequency vibrators convert electrical; signals back into sound waves. An antenna converts high-frequency electromagnetic waves into electrical signals and vice-versa.
An audio speaker is a device that uses a coil of wire moving in a magnetic field to convert electrical signals into sound waves. Other transducers, such as guitar pickups, dynamic microphones, or phonograph cartridges, sense vibrations using a magnet inside a coil of wire to convert vibrational energy into an electrical signal. Most of these devices are inherently zero-distortion devices, but if not constructed properly or operated out of their design range, they can produce serious distortion. So a sound engineer needs to know enough about these devices in general and about some in specific detail to ensure that they are operated properly. The engineer must also know what type of microphone or sound pickup device is best for each particular instrument and situation, what problems may arise, and the costs involved. Some of this will be covered elsewhere on this site. See the sections on Microphones and Speakers.
7 – A basic Sound System
All sound systems generally require these basic elements:
The sound source can be anything that generates an electronic audio signal, Examples are microphones, CD players, MP3 players, guitar pickup or keyboard.
Some devices, such as microphones, require a preamp to boost the signal to a level that the Control section can handle,
The Control section can consist of many types of controls. Examples are signal level, frequency modification (EQ), compression, effects (FX), and signal routing.
Next is a Power Amplifier to convert the voltage from the control section to a high-current signal that can drive the Speakers. Powered Speakers contain their own amplifiers.
The type of components needed for such a system depends on the situation in which it is used. Some examples include:
A basic DJ system
A simple PA system
A home audio system
A church worship system
A complex indoor sound system
A complex outdoor sound system
A conference room sound system
A commercial building distributed sound system
A technician using each of these systems must know how each of the elements that make it up function and how to operate them properly. The rest of the pages in the Audio section of this site provides these details.
The most common Control element is a Mixer. This is component contains a preamp and several other controls, depending on its complexity. Its function is to process the signal from each input source and combine these signals into those needed to drive the outputs. An Analog mixer processes all signals as discrete sound waves. A Digital mixer converts the signals to digital packets that are processed with digital circuitry. A Hybrid mixer is an analog mixer that incorporates some form of digital circuitry to carry out certain functions, such as FX. Most digital mixers have some type of LED display that typically incorporates touch functionality to carry out some of its operations. These screens can show EQ curves and metering, for example.
An Analog mixer may have Insert jacks after the Preamp that allow external processors such as EQ and/or Compression to be added to the signal chain. Most digital mixers have these functions built in, so they usually do not have Insert jacks.
Most digital mixers can be operated remotely over WIFi using a tablet or smart phone. This adds to their functionality in a significant way. Digital and Hybrid mixers also usually have the ability to send signals via USB or Firewire to a computer, where the individual channels can be processed using Digital Audio Workstation (DAW) software.
Sweetwater has a good article that presents the Fundamentals of Live Sound. This paper discusses the various types of sound systems and provides details on the many technical considerations that must be understood to properly design and use a sound system. Links are provided to additional resources. (March 14,2022)
Use the links below for more information available on this website on the specific topics listed.
This picture shows the input section of a typical mixer and how various sources are connected and the outputs sent to Main and Monitor speakers.
A Basic audio system – click to enlarge.
^ A Typical Analog Mixer ^
^ A Digital Mixer with Fader Controls ^
^A Digital Mixer with Touch Screen, no Faders^
The Peavey PVi 6500 All-In-One Powered Mixer


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Global geopolitical risk predictions for 2016
/ CSO / By Maria Korolov
The previous 25 years have been marked by globalization. A number of forces acted together to bring our planet closer together. Trade pacts, peacekeeping alliances, the Internet.
But now, according to Christopher Swift, a professor of national security studies at Georgetown, we're in a new era of localization and fragmentation.
"The global economic system is reorganizing into regional blocks, and those blocks are putting more barriers around themselves," he said.
Russia, China, and the NAFTA region are starting to focus internally. The European Union struggles to keep its coalitions together, the U.S. is facing a dramatic political divide, and the Middle East is suffering from its own divides. And the fragmentation is expanding to the rule of law as well.
Five iPad Safety Tips
CIO, CSO, Network World, PCWorld / By Maria Korolov
How to Survive a Cloud Outage
CSO / By Maria Korolov


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UK Strategic Forum for the Social Sciences
The UK Strategic Forum for the Social Sciences brings together senior representatives from organisations that fund, commission and use social science research in order to facilitate discussion about the major issues and challenges facing the social sciences. The Forum provides an arena for these issues to be debated at the highest level, and to ensure the needs of the social sciences are addressed and tackled. The Forum was established in 2001, originally hosted by the Economic and Social Research Council. Since October 2009 the British Academy has hosted the Forum. It meets twice-yearly at the offices of the British Academy The Forum has four key aims: To facilitate high-level knowledge exchange; To maintain a strategic overview of social science capacity in UK institutions; To monitor and share information about the policy, political and structural context within which UK social science research takes place; To advocate the value of social science research, in the UK and internationally.
The UK Strategic Forum for the Social Sciences brings together senior representatives from organisations that fund, commission and use social science research in order to facilitate discussion about the major issues and challenges facing the social sciences. The Forum provides an arena for these issues to be debated at the highest level, and to ensure the needs of the social sciences are addressed and tackled. The Forum was established in 2001, originally hosted by the Economic and Social Research Council. Since October 2009 the British Academy has hosted the Forum. It meets twice-yearly at the offices of the British Academy
The Forum has four key aims:
To facilitate high-level knowledge exchange;
To maintain a strategic overview of social science capacity in UK institutions;
To monitor and share information about the policy, political and structural context within which UK social science research takes place;
To advocate the value of social science research, in the UK and internationally.
Areas of discussion
The Forum's agenda for its twice-yearly meetings is constructed to enable strategic discussion about topical areas of shared interest or concern. Recent themes included:
The release of government data for secondary analysis;
The role of social science, and particularly the Chief Scientific Advisers, in government policy making;
Government policies on higher education, science and research strategies and funding;
The Research Excellence Framework;
The capacity of social science research in UK institutions, including areas of vulnerability;
The demand for and use of social science research by government and other policy organisation.
Member organisations will use the Forum to debate issues and challenges facing the social sciences. The Forum does not inhibit individual organisations' freedom of action but will facilitate coherent initiatives and policy positions when it is deemed appropriate.
Public Policy in an Uncertain World Response by Lord O'Donnell
The 2001 UNESCO Convention on the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage: The case for UK ratification
Panel Discussion at Gay marriage: prospects and realities at the British Academy


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Sir John Barnard Byles (11 January 1801 – 3 February 1884) was a British barrister, judge and author of books on law and the economy. He published an influential text on bills of exchange in 1829, commonly referred to as "Byles on Bills".

Early life
Byles was the a grandson of Mr Jeremiah Byles (1733–1790), a timber-merchant from Stowmarket, Suffolk, England.

Career
Byles studied law and became a member of the Inner Temple, where he was a pupil of the renowned Joseph Chitty, and became a special pleader.

In 1829, he published a seminal work on bills of exchange, A Treatise on the Law of Bills of Exchange, Promissory Notes, Bank-Notes, and Cheques, which is commonly referred to as Byles on Bills. He is even said to have named his horse "Bills", so that when approaching, people would utter "Here comes Byles on Bills". He was called to the Bar in November 1831. He joined the Norfolk circuit and in 1840 he was appointed recorder of Buckingham, and then in 1843 became a Serjeant-at-law. In 1857, he was appointed Queen's Serjeant. Byles once ran as a candidate for Parliament in the Aylesbury constituency, but lost.

In January 1858 he was promoted to the bench and was later made a Knight Bachelor and Justice of the Common Pleas. He often oversaw cases at the Central Criminal Court in London. He was described by the contemporary press as being a judge of the "old school", reminiscent of lawyers from Elizabethan times in his predilection for employing old-fashioned sayings and "saws". He was also a stickler for proper (black) clothing in court, once remarking to Lord Coleridge "I always listen with little pleasure to the arguments of counsel whose legs are encased in light gray trousers". In January 1873 he resigned as a judge due to his failing health. He then became, on 3 March, a member of the Privy Council but he died soon after on 3 February 1884, aged 83. He resided in Hatfield House, Uxbridge.

Personal life
Byles married, firstly, Hannah Foster in August 1828, the daughter of John Foster, a merchant of Biggleswade; she died shortly after the marriage. He married in August 1836 Emma Nash Wedd, the daughter of Joseph Pattisson Wedd, a solicitor of Royston; she died in July 1872. Of their children, the eldest son, Walter Barnard, was called to the Bar in 1866 and the second eldest, Maurice Barnard, was called in 1866.

Notable cases
Daniel Good - sentenced to death for murder in 1842. Before his trial, he escaped from custody and the ensuing chase caused the police to set up the Detective Branch for pursuing criminals on the run. Caught and hanged.
James Bloomfield Rush - Hanged for the murders of Isaac Jermy, the Recorder of Norwich, and his son, Isaac Jermy Jermy, in 1849.
Catherine Wilson - found guilty of poisoning in 1862 and hanged. Byles told defence lawyer, Montagu Williams, Q.C., directly after the trial ended: "I sent for you to tell you that you did that case remarkably well. But it was no good; the facts were too strong. I prosecuted Rush for the murder of Mr. Jermy, I defended Daniel Good, and I defended several other notable criminals when I was on the Norfolk Circuit; but, if it will be of any satisfaction to you, I may tell you that in my opinion you have to-day defended the greatest criminal that ever lived."
William Roupell - found guilty of fraud in 1862.
Frances Kidder - found guilty of murder in 1868, hanged.
Rev. John Selby Watson - classical translator who killed his wife. Sentenced to death in 1872 but later commuted to life in prison.

Byles the protectionist as seen in Sophisms of Free Trade

In Sophisims of free trade, John Byles championed protectionism and refuted the "let it alone," i.e., laissez faire system. Industries do not spring up out of nowhere, and home markets needs protectionism to stave off foreign competition. Byles said, "But in truth the natural course of commercial affairs uninfluenced by legislation is impossible." He could not conceive where England could have been at in 1851 without protectionism. He was convinced that new nations as well as old nations needed protectionism. He knew individuals and the private sector did not have the resources to create an immense future. Public wisdom had to do this monumental feat. Moreover, Byles called humanity the most profoundest cause. He stated that those who regard man in high esteem should not be subjected to unbridled foreign commerce.  In sum, Byles saw protection as not a source of calamity and peril as free traders depicted it, but as a policy that spread industry and brought water, economic life where there was none.

Byles tells his readers what is the best part about Adam Smith. Smith's disciples never thought that it was better to encourage domestic commerce over foreign commerce. This would turn free trade upside down; and shake the very foundation of free trade.  For example, in Book II, Chapter V, Adam Smith reveals that encouraging domestic commerce facilitates domestic industry more than foreign commerce. Thus supporting domestic commerce benefited domestic industry the best, and this best showed that an economy was strategically organized.

"The capital, which is employed in purchasing in one part of the country in order to sell in another, and the produce of the industry of that country generally replaces, by such operation, two distinct capitals that had both been employed in agriculture or manufacture of that country, and thereby enables them to continue that employment ... When both are the produce of domestic industry, it necessarily replaces by every such operation two distinct capitals, which had both been employed in supporting productive labor, and thereby enables them to continue that support. The capital, which sends Scotch manufactures to London, and which brings back English manufactures and corn to Edinburgh, necessarily replaces, by every such operations, two British capitals, which had both been employed in the agriculture or manufactures of Great Britain."

"The capital employed in purchasing foreign goods for home consumption, when this purchase is made with the produce of domestic industry, replaces too by every such operation two distinct capitals, but one of them only is employed in supporting domestic industry, replaces by every such operation two distinct capitals, but one of them only is employed in supporting domestic industry. The capital that which sends British goods to Portugal, and brings back Portuguese goods to Great Britain, replaces by every such operation only one British Capital. The other is a Portuguese one. Though the returns therefore of the foreign trade of consumption should be as quick as those of the home trade, THE CAPITAL EMPLOYED IN IT GIVE BUT ONE HALF THE ENCOURAGEMENT TO THE INDUSTRY OR PRODUCTIVE LABOR OF THE COUNTRY."

These quotations of Adam Smith instruct that foreign trade will just give half the encouragement to domestic industry or the productive labor of the nation, but favoring domestic commerce will assist domestic industry in ways foreign commerce could not. This challenges the system of free trade, which is built upon cheap labor, and foreign commerce is the way to riches. Byles not only used Adam Smith to refute free trade, but he refuted McCulloch as well. McCulloch stated that buying foreign commodities encourages domestic industry as if you bought domestic goods.

Byles adopted the foreign policy of "America's Benjamin Franklin's Rules for reducing a Great Empire to a small one." He called for England to give up all her colonies, but to keep  India, and treat Indians the same way British subjects were, and to give India domestic commerce and development. He refuted Malthus, Ricardo, and McCulloch. He sided with Henry Carey's view that the least powerful soils are harnessed before the best ones are there by saying Ricardo was wrong. In addition, he echoed Carey's calling for having those that consume be nigh of the farmer to give him a home market that is better than a foreign one. Those that consume nigh to the farmer, will have an unfailing market, and like Carey said agriculture will become a science. Domestic commerce will flourish only when the economy is prudently organized and protectionism does this.

Byles also quotes a 1727 writing of Dean Swift, Jonathan Swift, and revealed how Swift knew how to organize an economy. Through and Through one can only conclude that Swift should be called a protectionist, Byles quotes Swift saying, " One cause of a country's thriving is the industry of the people in working up all their native commodities to the last…..The convenience of safe ports and havens to carry out their own goods as much manufactured, and bring those of others as little manufactured as the nature of mutual commerce will allow."

Books
A Treatise on the Law of Bills of Exchange, Promissory Notes, Bank-Notes, and Cheques, 1829
On the Usury Laws, 1846
Sophisms Of Free-Trade And Popular Political Economy Examined, 1849.
Foundations of Religion in the Mind and Heart of Man, 1875

Arms

References

External links
Biography
Sophisms of Free-Trade - full text

Justices of the Common Pleas
Members of the Inner Temple
1801 births
1884 deaths
Serjeants-at-law (England)
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
People from Stowmarket
Knights Bachelor
19th-century English judges

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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text:
Lafayette strip club welcomes church as new neighbor
Taya Flores Journal & Courier
LAFAYETTE — Last summer, after praying about a building his church had pegged as a possible new home, Neal Porter talked to his two teenage children about the neighboring establishment — Filly's Gentlemen's Club and adult gift shop.
He told them, "We have no right to judge them because they are just like us and we hope they wouldn't judge us," he said.
Porter is a member of Lafayette Community Church, which is no stranger to nontraditional venues for worship. The nearly 9-year-old congregation has held services in a shopping plaza on Lafayette's south side for five years.
Since then, however, the typical Sunday attendantce has nearly tripled from 80 to 230 congregants, forcing leadership to once again look for a new space. After two years of searching, the church found its home in a non-residential, industrial part of Concord Road, next door to Filly's Gentlemen's Club and adult gift shop.
Although members and leaders had initial concerns, the church after researching, praying and discussing concerns last summer came to the conclusion that this was the best option, said lead pastor Jeff Mikels.
"The price is what led us there initially," he said "But it was after the summer of talking and praying with people that we realized this was a great opportunity for us. ... We are trying to help people know that God loves them, and this location gives us the opportunity to do that."
The adult entertainment business is sandwiched between the soon-to-open church and Toys R Us in an industrial part of the city that is home to offices, retail spaces and entertainment venues but few residences. It's encased by a privacy fence on both sides and a façade that reveals little about the nature of the business.
The unconventional pairing of these establishments underscores a need for civility, privacy and mutual respect, according to church member and leaders and Filly's patrons and owners.
Members on both sides of the privacy fence say they are optimistic about the proximity and do not believe that either will interfere in the other's business as long as they respect boundaries.
Filly's patron Kira Sherlock of West Lafayette said as long as church members do not come to Filly's to proselytize, it will not be a problem.
"Everybody should just mind their own business," said Sherlock. "They have a job to do over there, and (Filly's) has a job to do over here."
Members of the church said they had no plans to proselytize patrons.
"You're not going to see us standing in front of their place with picket signs," Porter said.
Filly's patron Mekeisha Roberts of Lafayette said problems should not arise as long as the club keeps disturbances to a minimum.
"I feel like as long as the club run this business the correct way, without letting it get overboard, then whatever happens at the club shouldn't reflect what happens at the church," she said.
Some church members initially had concerns about patrons exiting Filly's at night.
They worried about the safety of church women as they exited the building.
"You have drunk, horny men coming out of there," said member Rob Briles. "That was one major concern of mine."
Ed Gobel co-owns Filly's with his daughter, Tona Biddle.
They said they haven't had any major complaints from drivers or parents shopping at Toys R Us, and they make sure to take care of their property and keep the adult nature of the business private.
"One of the best things for us is the privacy fence between the two," Biddle said.
Gobel said if patrons are intoxicated, his staff will call them a cab.
He also doesn't believe the church will negatively impact his business, he said.
"Even though we have differences of opinion, we respect each other," he said. "We respect each other's views."