text:
PEOPLE v. PALACIOS
The PEOPLE of the State of California, Plaintiff and Respondent, v. Roberto Ponce PALACIOS, Defendant and Appellant.
Decided: April 25, 1968
Jonathan C. Gibson, San Diego, under appointment by Court of Appeal, for appellant. Thomas C. Lynch, Atty. Gen., Los Angeles, William E. James, Asst. Atty. Gen., and Ronald F. Russo, Deputy Atty Gen., for respondent.
Defendant appeals from a judgment imposing sentence after he had been found guilty in a non-jury trial of theft from the person and of having suffered a previous felony conviction. A co-defendant, Flores, also found guilty of theft from the person, has not appealed.
At about 10:30 a.m. on Sunday, March 5, 1967, one Fowler, already suffering from having looked too long upon the wine when it was red, and probably sweet, sat on a bench in Horton's Plaza in downtown San Diego. While Fowler sat there a young man identified as Flores sat beside him; another young man, the defendant, came up and sat on a bench on the other side of a sidewalk that separated the two benches; shortly thereafter Fowler stood up, walked a short distance and lay or fell down 'bottom up.' Flores and Palacios went to the recumbent man where Flores, in Spanish, told Palacios the wallet was in Fowler's rear left pocket. Palacios extracted a wallet from Fowler's pocket, placed it in a white cap that had been taken from Fowler's head; left the Plaza with Flores; crossed Plaza Street, which runs along the south side of the Plaza; ran south down the west side of Fourth Avenue, a north-south street adjoining the Plaza on the east; crossed E Street, the next east-west street to the south; continued south along Fourth Avenue and entered the Barbet bar about half-way along the block between E and F Streets.
All of the foregoing was seen and heard by Scott, who was seated on the same bench as Fowler and Flores and who spoke and understood the Spanish language. When he heard the conversation in Spanish, Scott walked over to Plaza Street and spoke to Lawrence Shanley, a San Diego policeman seated in a car parked on Plaza Street, to whom he reported that a man was being robbed. It was while he was at the car with Shanley that Scott saw the wallet being taken from Fowler's pocket; Scott then went after the defendant while Shanley apprehended Flores.
Scott waited outside the Barbet until Shanley arrived; also there was Frostad, a U.S. Marine Corps private, whose testimony will be mentioned.
Inside the Barbet bar, besides the bartender, were defendant and two middleaged men dressed in working-men's clothes. Scott had noticed earlier that defendant wore a plaid sport jacket and a necktie and was neatly dressed. He recognized defendant as the man who took the wallet, and pointed out defendant to Shanley, as did Frostad. Defendant was arrested and searched. No wallet was found on him; Fowler's wallet in the cap was found in a trash can on the sidewalk outside and north of the Barbet; it was on top of all the other contents of the can.
Frostad had been standing in one of two telephone booths that stood in the Plaza and through the glass side of the booth had seen two men kneeling alongside a third man, who was prostrate; one of the kneeling men was near the head of the prone figure, the other nearer his feet; one of them put a hand in the right rear pocket of the fallen man and pulled out a wallet; the two kneeling men stood up; one of them, Palacios, had a wallet in his hand which he put into a white hat, then went out of the Plaza to the corner and down Fourth Avenue. Frostad took after defendant, who, when Frostad saw him next, was about midway in the block between E and F Streets and who entered a bar about there. Frostad went to that point and waited until the police arrived, entered the bar with the police, saw defendant inside, whom he recognized as the man who had put the wallet into the hat. Frostad made no attempt to identify Flores as the second man.
Flores testified that he had been in the Plaza that morning; had had a conversation with Palacios while both sat on a bench; saw Palacios walk away from the bench; saw also another person, a Mexican in appearance, having like himself a moustache and of about the same height but of heavier build, and who was described as being in the general area in which the theft occurred.
Frostad's testimony at trial was given by the reading of the transcript of his testimony at the preliminary hearing.
CONTENTIONS ON APPEAL
Defendant bases his appeal upon the following contentions:
1. That defendant was denied the right to effective counsel in the municipal court because he and Flores were represented by the same counsel until after the preliminary hearing, although the joint counsel had, before the preliminary hearing, requested the appointment of separate counsel for one or the other of the defendants.
2. That because defendant did not have separate counsel at the preliminary hearing, he was denied the right to confront and cross-examine the witness Frostad whose preliminary hearing testimony was received in evidence in the superior court in the absence of the witness.
3. The trial court erred in finding that defendant had suffered a prior felony conviction.
Those contentions are made against the following factual background:
Mr. Webb, who represented both defendants at the preliminary hearing, was first appointed as their counsel on March 8; on March 15 he moved to have separate counsel appointed; on March 16 the matter was discussed with the presiding judge of the municipal court in the following exchange:
'MR. WEBB: Your Honor, this is a motion on my behalf to have another attorney appointed. I feel it would be in the best interest to have another attorney appointed for one of the Defendants.
'THE COURT: You feel that there is a conflict of interest?
'MR. WEBB: Well, your Honor, not at this time but due to the fact that there may be a possibility later on of a conflict, I felt it would be best at this time.
'THE COURT: I am afraid I don't quite understand your motion. It is not unusual to ask to appoint an attorney for another defendant but if you are not prepared to say there is a conflict of interest, why should I appoint another attorney?
'MR. WEBB: Well, your Honor, from interviewing both of them, that is the feeling that I have, that it would be in the best interest for them. There seems to be no conflict at this point but I think that they do not know.
'THE COURT: You are appointed on both of them?
'MR. WEBB: Yes.
'THE COURT: You see no conflict, what conflict is going to arise? If you don't see one—
'MR. WEBB: I don't know, your Honor.
'THE COURT: Motion denied. You will continue to represent both of them.'
When the case was called for preliminary hearing on April 4, Mr. Webb announced himself ready to represent both defendants, without bringing to the attention of the magistrate any claimed conflict of interest.
Before the taking of any testimony at the preliminary hearing, the district attorney moved to file an amended complaint charging Palacios with a robbery allegedly committed on February 23, 1967. Mr. Webb and Palacios both had been advised previously that such motion would be made. Palacios was arraigned on the additional charge and the hearing proceeded on the amended complaint, with cross-examination by Mr. Webb of the witnesses who testified as to each of the charged offenses.
After both defendants had been ordered bound over for trial, the following occurred before the committing magistrate:
'MR. WEBB: I think there has been a conflict of interest here, and I would request the Court to appoint an attorney—another attorney to represent one of the Defendants. I think—I know there will be a conflict of interest.
'THE COURT: What would be the conflict of interest?
'* * *
'MR. WEBB: Well, the nature of the conflict is that one may be trying to put the blame on the other.
'MR. WEBB: Would you like me to make the motion in the Superior Court, your Honor?
'THE COURT: Well, that might involve further delays up there. I think we will reopen the case in this Court for the purpose of appointing Counsel.
'Which Defendant do you expect to continue representing?
'MR WEBB: It makes no difference to me, your Honor.'
Thereafter each defendant was represented by separate counsel.
At the trial, when the district attorney laid a foundation for the use of Frostad's preliminary hearing testimony, defendant's trial counsel objected on the ground now urged for reversal, and offered to show by the testimony of Webb the making and denial of his motion for the appointment of separate counsel on March 15 and 16. The offer of proof was rejected.
There were no proceedings in the superior court under section 995, Penal Code, to test the regularity of the preliminary proceedings leading to the binding-over for trial in superior court.
FIRST CONTENTION
It is held in People v. Harris, 67 A.C. 893 64 Cal.Rptr. 313, 434 P.2d 609 that attack upon the preliminary proceedings on the ground of failure to provide counsel for defendant at the preliminary hearing must be made under section 995, Penal Code, or it is waived. The lack of adequate representation, therefore, in itself, may not now be successfully urged.
We may observe that if there had been a conflict of interest between defendant and Flores, it could hardly have been determined before the committing magistrate had heard the evidence. Even then, no conflict appeared; neither defendant testified at the preliminary hearing.
In fact, the conflict of interest between Flores and defendant did not appear until Flores took the stand to interject the theory of a third man of Mexican appearance with the suggestion that the third man may have paired off with defendant to commit the theft.
It is possible that the conflict in interest had its inception when Frostad testified he could not identify Flores. Scott, who identified both defendants, did not testify at the preliminary hearing.
The direct testimony and cross-examination of Frostad at the preliminary hearing had to do almost exclusively with defendant Palacios rather than with Flores; if anyone might have complained about the cross-examination of Frostad, it would have been Flores; but it cannot be said that his interests were not adequately looked after since Frostad could not identify him.
The direct examination of Frostad occupied 15 1/2 pages of the preliminary transcript; cross-examination, 22 pages; redirect examination, 7 pages; recross-examination, 3 pages.
The record does not disclose that defendant was deprived of adequate representation at the preliminary proceeding, either by reason of the fact that his counsel represented Flores also, or otherwise.
SECOND CONTENTION
It is obvious that a denial of the right to cross-examine a witness at the preliminary hearing takes on a different aspect if the testimony of that witness given at the preliminary hearing is used in his absence at the trial. The actual denial of the right of cross-examination in such situation is a denial of the right of confrontation guaranteed by the Sixth Amendment of the Federal Constitution (Pointer v. State of Texas, 380 U.S. 400, 85 S.Ct. 1065, 13 L.Ed.2d 923).
In such circumstances, a failure to test the regularity of the preliminary proceedings under section 995, Penal Code, is not a waiver of the right to claim irregularity in such proceedings based upon the denial of the right of cross-examination. This is so because, until the time of trial, the defendant probably will not know of the absence of a witness whose preliminary testimony will be used.
If, however, the right to cross-examine the absent witness were accorded the defendant and exercised by him in a fullscale preliminary hearing, then the only question remaining is whether the conditions existed that permit the use of the prior testimony of an absent witness.
Section 1291, Evidence Code, now governs procedurally as to the conditions under which former testimony may be used. It provides in part as follows:
'(a) Evidence of former testimony is not made inadmissible by the hearsay rule if the declarant is unavailable as a witness and:
'(2) The party against whom the former testimony is offered was a party to the action or proceeding in which the testimony was given and had the right and opportunity to cross-examine the declarant with an interest and motive similar to that which he has at the hearing.'
Section 240, Evidence Code, provides in part as follows:
'(a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (b), 'unavailable as a witness' means that the declarant is:
'(5) Absent from the hearing and the proponent of his statement has exercised reasonable diligence but has been unable to procure his attendance by the court's process.'
The question whether it has been satisfactorily shown that the prosecuting witness could not with reasonable diligence be found within the state was one primarily addressed to the trial judge to be determined by him from the evidence presented. It is a question of fact, the determination of which by the trial judge will not be interfered with unless the appellate court is satisfied that the trier of fact abused the discretion lodged in him in determining that due diligence had been used and that the witness could not be found. (People v. Dozier, 236 Cal.App.2d 94, 102, 45 Cal.Rptr. 770.)
No showing has been made here that the trial court abused its discretion in finding that there had been due diligence to obtain the presence of a witness, and of his non-availability.
The suggestion was made in the court below that the prosecuting attorney should have served a subpoena on Frostad at the time of the preliminary hearing; since no trial date had then been set, a subpoena to appear on the trial date could not have been issued at the time of the preliminary hearing.
It is not required that diligence be exercised to retain a witness in the state. (People v. Carswell, 51 Cal.2d 602, 335 P.2d 99.)
All of the cases cited by defendant involving a right to counsel or a finding of a denial of such right where separate counsel is not appointed for one of several defendants whose interests conflict have to do with proceedings in the trial court. (People v. Manchetti, 29 Cal.2d 452, 175 P.2d 533; Glasser v. United States, 315 U.S. 60, 62 S.Ct. 457, 86 L.Ed. 680; People v. Lanigan, 22 Cal.2d 569, 140 P.2d 24, 148 A.L.R. 176; People v. Robinson, 42 Cal.2d 741, 269 P.2d 6.)1
Had only Flores been represented by counsel at the preliminary hearing, there would have been a situation much like that in Motes v. United States, 178 U.S. 458, 20 S.Ct. 993, 44 L.Ed. 1150.2 The record before us, including the transcript of the preliminary hearing, demonstrates that defendant was well and ably represented at that hearing, and had full opportunity to, and did, cross-examine Frostad without interference or abridgment; no occasion presented itself during the preliminary hearing that called for the use of different tactics on behalf of one defendant from that used on behalf of the other; counsel at that stage was not called upon to make a choice between serving the interest of one over that of the other.
No abuse of discretion appears in the trial court's ruling on the permissibility of reading into evidence the testimony of Frostad given at the preliminary hearing.
THIRD CONTENTION
The information charged that defendant, on September 24, 1962, had been convicted of a violation of section 288, Penal Code, and that in pursuance of that conviction he was committed to the California Youth Authority.
The argument is made that a crime becomes a felony only when a guilty defendant has been sentenced to the state prison; that since commitment to the Youth Authority is not a commitment to a state prison, defendant was guilty of only a misdemeanor.
In making that argument, counsel is not unmindful of the provisions of section 17, Penal Code, which in part are as follows:
'A felony is a crime which is punishable with death or by imprisonment in the state prison. Every other crime is a misdemeanor. When a crime, punishable by imprisonment in the state prison, is also punishable by fine or imprisonment in a county jail, in the discretion of the court, it shall be deemed a misdemeanor for all purposes after a judgment imposing a punishment other than imprisonment in the state prison. Where a court commits a defendant to the Youth Authority upon conviction of a crime punishable, in the discretion of the court, by imprisonment in the state prison or fine or imprisonment in a county jail, the crime shall be deemed a misdemeanor. * * *'
He contends, however, that the specific mention in section 17 of commitment to the Youth Authority as an automatic reduction to a misdemeanor in the case of a crime made punishable either by imprisonment, jail sentence or fine is not exclusive; that since no commitment to the Youth Authority is a prison sentence, a defendant committed to the Youth Authority for whatever crime, including those declared to be punishable only by death or imprisonment, has had imposed upon him a punishment other than by imprisonment. A violation of section 288, Penal Code, is punishable only by imprisonment.
Commitment to the Youth Authority and the completion of a period of commitment in one of its facilities do not constitute the serving of a prison term within the meaning of section 644, Penal Code, so as to furnish a part of the basis for a finding of habitual criminality. (People v. Lockwood, 146 Cal.App.2d 189, 303 P.2d 621.) Nor does such commitment to the Youth Authority, followed by an administrative transfer by the Youth Authority to a penal facility under the supervision of the Department of Corrections under section 1753, Welfare and Institutions Code, constitute the serving of a prison term within the requirements of section 644, Penal Code. (In re Keller, 232 Cal.App.2d 520, 42 Cal.Rptr. 921).
The argument that one committed to the Youth Authority has had punishment imposed other than a prison sentence was dealt with in People v. Williams (1945), 27 Cal.2d 220, 163 P.2d 692, which held that commitment to the Youth Authority of a person convicted of a crime was not punishment and that one committed there for a crime punishable by imprisonment, as the law stood then, remained convicted of a felony for purposes of impeachment as a witness. The crime there involved was one punishable by imprisonment or jail sentence. People v. Zaccaria, 216 Cal.App.2d 787, 31 Cal.Rptr. 383, is to the same effect.
In 1947, section 17, Penal Code, was amended to read in part as follows:
'Where a court commits a defendant to the California Youth Authority upon conviction of a crime punishable by imprisonment in the state prison or fine or imprisonment in a county jail, in the discretion of the court, the crime shall be deemed a felony until and unless the court, after the person committed has been discharged from control by the California Youth Authority, and only if he was not placed in a state prison by the authority during the period of such control, on application of the person so committed and discharged, makes an order determining that the crime of which he was convicted was a misdemeanor.'
In 1959, section 17 was again amended so that as to a defendant committed to the Youth Authority the language of the section is as it now reads. In People v. Aranda, 63 Cal.2d 518, 47 Cal.Rptr. 353, 407 P.2d 265, the claim was made that one committed to the Youth Authority prior to the 1959 amendment for offenses then punishable by either imprisonment or jail sentence would not, after 1959, be held to have been convicted of a felony, although he had taken no steps after discharge from the Youth Authority to have the court determine that the crimes were misdemeanors. Although Aranda's conviction was reversed because of the use in a joint trial of the confession of a co-defendant that implicated Aranda, the Supreme Court considered and ruled upon all contentions that might arise on a retrial. The proof of the prior felony convictions of Aranda was upon the question of the length of the sentence to which he might be subject. The court held that Aranda had been twice previously convicted of a felony; that the amendment to section 17, Penal Code, should not be given a retroactive application.
We are to determine whether a crime is a felony or a misdemeanor from section 17, Penal Code. We conclude that section 17, Penal Code, does not intend to extend to persons committed to the Youth Authority for crimes punishable only by death or imprisonment the grace of an automatic reduction of such offenses to misdemeanors. According to the definition of that section, defendant had a prior conviction of felony as found by the court.
Judgment affirmed.
1. The defect in People v. Robinson was not that both defendants were represented by the same lawyer at the preliminary hearing. For that reason, they have no application to the present case.
2. In Motes, two of the defendants on trial had been made defendants after the preliminary hearing, at which they had not been represented because they were not then defendants.
WHELAN, Associate Justice.
GERALD BROWN, P.J., and COUGHLIN, J., concur.


text:
January's top stories: University of Coimbra develops demining robot, UK announces last set of armed forces redundancies
This month UK MoD has announced last set of armed forces redundancies while University of Coimbra is developing demining robot.
University of Coimbra develops new demining robot
The University of Coimbra's (UC) Institute of Systems and Robotics researchers are developing a new robotic platform for life-threatening humanitarian demining missions.
The system is being developed under the Partnerbot Grant Program, which is being sponsored by the Canadian robotics maker, Clearpath Robotics, through supply of its Husky A200 unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) as the mobile robotic base.
University of Coimbra senior lecturer and academic liaison for the project, Lino Marques, said the minesweeping is an extremely dangerous and time-intensive process.
Plextek develops advanced optical navigation solution for soldiers
Plextek Consulting developed a battery-powered, video-based tracking technique to help soldiers track their movements within a GPS-denied environment.
With support from the UK Defence Science and Technology Laboratory's (dstl) Centre for Defence Enterprise (CDE), the company created a flexible tracking system that can either be used on its own or networked with a legacy inertial navigation systems (INS) to yield a highly accurate solution to navigation in global navigation satellite systems (GNSS)-denied environments.
Plextek Defence and Security director, Nicholas Hill, said the project has resulted in an innovative, advanced defence technology that will address the precise requirements of soldiers operating in a difficult and high-risk environment.
UK MoD announces last set of armed forces redundancies
The UK Ministry of Defence (MoD) set out the size and scope of the fourth and final set of armed forces redundancies, moving a step closer towards restructuring the military.
A part of the armed forces redundancy programme announced in the strategic defence and security review (SDSR) in October 2010, the final tranche puts an end to the uncertainty the UK military personnel have faced over the past few years.
The latest set of redundancies consist of up to 1,505 personnel, including a maximum of 1,425 soldiers, ten medical officers from the Royal Navy and 70 medical personnel from the Royal Air Force (Raf).
Northrop and Trex partner to integrate celestial navigation in soldier targeting systems
Northrop Grumman signed a licensing agreement with Trex Enterprises to integrate the celestial navigation technology into precision targeting systems provided to the US military and allied forces.
As part of the agreement, Northrop will produce and integrate the celestial navigation capability into ground targeting systems that offer greater accuracy to soldiers during location of targets.
Trex has already developed and matured the core technology to offer a highly accurate celestial navigation subsystem for use in military products and other scientific applications.
Sweden investigates Norway's withdrawal impact on Archer project
The Swedish Defence Materiel Administration (FMV) and the Swedish armed forces are conducting a joint analysis of the impact of Norway's withdrawal from the FH77 L52 Archer artillery system development programme.
Norway, which was associated with the project since December 2007, pulled out in December 2013, citing non-performance to the contract terms.
Norwegian Department of International Relations headquarters command staff head, Peter Fredriksson, said Norway's cancellation of research cooperation was surprising and a setback.
China plans to establish first joint military command system
The Ministry of National Defense of the People's Republic of China is planning to establish a joint operational command for a more coordinated and combat-capable force to efficiently respond to a crisis.
China Daily cited the ministry as saying that the joint operational command system establishment is a basic requirement in an era of information, and that the county has therefore initiated positive pilot programmes in this regard.
The new joint operational command will be set up in due course, the state media reported, amidst rising Pla's disputes over territorial claims in the region, according to Press Trust Of India.
DARPA develops new technology to break language barriers
The US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) scientists are developing advanced language processing technologies with improved speed and accuracy to offer analysts an advantage in a range of military and non-military scenarios.
The natural language processing technologies are designed to locate, identify and organise information from an array of sources and in at least 15 different foreign languages.
Speaking during the DARPA Congressional Tech Showcase in Washington, US, DARPA Human Language Technologies programme manager, Dr Bonnie Dorr, said the scientists are interested in collection of information from the huge volumes that come through in foreign languages.
Saudi Arabia to provide $3bn military grant to Lebanese Army
Saudi Arabia's King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud reportedly pledged to give a $3bn grant to the Lebanese Army to boost its warfighting capabilities, marking the largest aid offered in Lebanon's history.
Announced in a televised statement, Lebanese President Michel Suleiman revealed that the funding would enable the Lebanese army to procure military equipment from France, as well as allowing the army to 'confront terrorism' and suspend the proliferation of weapons.
"The king of the brotherly Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is offering this generous and appreciated aid of $3bn to the Lebanese army to strengthen its capabilities," Suleiman said.
The Missiles and Missile Defense Systems Market in the United Kingdom to 2025: Market Brief
The Police Modernization Market in the United Kingdom to 2025: Market Brief
Pla S.A.
Clearpath Robotics Inc
Northrop Grumman Corp
Trex Company Inc

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
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  * - Update the current word
  * - Update the score
  * - Reset the timer
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  * Resets the timer back to the beginning
  */
  view.resetTimer = function() {
    view.seconds = 500;
  };

  /**
  * Updates the player's current score
  */
  view.updateScore = function() {
    this.scoreNum++;
    this.score.innerHTML = 'Score: ' + this.scoreNum;
    if(this.scoreNum.toString().length < 2) {
      this.score.innerHTML = 'Score: 0' + this.scoreNum;
    }
  };

  /**
  * Stops the timer, shows the correct answer, and ends the game
  */
  view.endGame = function(clickedButton) {
    // If a wrong choice was made
    if(clickedButton && !this.gameOver) {
      // Show their incorrect choice in red
      clickedButton.style.background = '#ff3333';
      clickedButton.style.borderWidth = '5px';
      clickedButton.style.borderColor = 'red';
    }

    // Set the status of the game to be game over
    this.gameOver = true;

    // Show the correct answer in green
    dictionary.correctButton.style.background = 'green';
    dictionary.correctButton.style.borderWidth = '5px';

    // Stop the timer
    view.seconds = 0;

    // Go to the loss screen after a couple of seconds
    setTimeout(view.displayLossScreen, 1500);
  };

  /**
  * Displays the loss screen
  */
  view.displayLossScreen = function() {
    // Reveal the loss screen and show the final score
    document.getElementById('lossScreen').style.zIndex = '10';
    document.getElementById('lossScreen').style.opacity = '1';
    document.getElementById('finalScore').innerHTML = view.scoreNum;
  };

  view.render();
})();

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Add a legend in two geom_points I want to add the legend next to my plot in order to be able to show which color is explaining each variable. How can I do that? Here's my code:
scatter = ggplot(vehicles, aes(x = seq(1,108))) +
  geom_point(aes(y = RV),size = 2,color = "blue" ) +
  geom_point(aes(y= BOP), size = 2, color = "red") +
scatter

I just obtained my plot but without the names in it

A: It would be clearer if you can provide the vehicles data as well but I'm guessing this would work:
scatter = ggplot(vehicles, aes(x = seq(1,108))) +
  geom_point(aes(y = RV, colour = "RV"),size = 2 ) +
  geom_point(aes(y= BOP, colour = "BOP"), size = 2) +
scatter

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
Swedish youth climate icon Greta Thunberg is expected to speak at the event in Madrid. | Adam Berry/Getty Images
Youth climate strikers gear up for Friday protests in Madrid
'We are not where we need to be,' acknowledges UN climate chief Patricia Espinosa.
By	Kalina Oroschakoff
12/4/19, 6:28 PM CET
Updated 12/5/19, 3:17 PM CET
MADRID — The global climate strikers that have driven up public pressure on politicians over the past year have arrived at the COP25 climate talks in Madrid ahead of a major protest march on Friday.
At a press conference organized by the Fridays for Future movement, youth campaigners from Chile, Canada, Switzerland, Tasmania, Korea and Nigeria said they will keep striking until political leaders change course.
"It is time for action and it has been for too long. We are here together and continue to strike until world leaders not only hear us but listen to us," said Toby Thorpe, a 17-year-old activist from Tasmania.
"COP25 prides itself on the slogan 'Time for action' — that means it's time to move beyond politics, money and greed," he said.
Efforts by youth protestors to call out what they see as government inaction is putting politicians in a bind, and has left them scrambling to show that progress is happening, if slowly. Chile's COP presidency promised this COP would be all about ambition, having said it wants to push governments to increase their climate commitments next year.
Patricia Espinosa, the U.N.'s climate chief, said Wednesday that she understands the frustration of the movement.
"We are not where we need to be in order to be able to make sure that we will get to the goal of 1.5 degrees by the end of the century," she said at a press conference. "That's a fact."
Grassroots organization 350.org, which is also organizing the protest on Friday, said Wednesday that "10,000's of people are expected to join parallel demonstrations taking place in Santiago, Chile and Madrid, Spain to coincide with the U.N. climate talks."
Climate-neutral construction is within our grasp
Marcel Cobuz, head of region Europe, LafargeHolcim
6 things to know about the COP25 climate summit
Kalina Oroschakoff and Zack Colman
Swedish youth climate icon Greta Thunberg is expected to speak at the event in Madrid. She arrived in Lisbon on Tuesday after sailing across the Atlantic following the cancellation of the original COP25 meeting in Santiago, Chile.
"I think people are underestimating the force of angry kids," she said. "We are angry, we are frustrated and that is because of a good reason ... What we are demanding is, especially people in power, should listen to the science."
The climate protests are a reaction to increasingly dire predictions of the impact of global warming and stark reports showing that, despite frequent summits and flowery promises, the world isn't making enough progress in halting greenhouse gas emissions.
The World Meteorological Organization warned Tuesday that the years since 2010 have been a decade of "exceptional global heat, retreating ice and record sea levels" driven by rising greenhouse gases. New figures released Wednesday showed that global carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel and industry are projected to grow by 0.6 percent in 2019 compared with 2018.
Espinosa cautioned against being too critical — arguing countries, cities and companies are moving forward.
"We need to acknowledge the efforts that are happening. This is important because we also need in this agenda to have some signals of hope ... The only thing we cannot do is give up," she said.
Youth campaigner Joel Pera, from the indigenous Mapuche people in Chile, told Wednesday's press conference: "Governments from the global north, those that contributed to climate change the most ... need to increase the ambitions so we can keep to 1.5 degrees of global warming."
"A massive climate movement is rising ... We demand leaders not to defy us — the climate crisis is here and this is the time to act," he said.
Kalina Oroschakoff
Patricia Espinosa
No alignment with EU rules after Brexit, says UK chancellor
Sajid Javid urges companies to 'adjust' to new reality.
France's EU minister: Quick UK trade deal depends on Brits
EU 'cannot expose our own people, consumers and farmers to disloyal competition,' warns Amélie de Montchalin.
YouTube algorithms promote climate change-denying videos: report
Nearly one in five of the most recommended videos related to climate change included false information, according to a campaign group.
UK airline rescue looms over EU trade talks
Flybe case could shape into an early test of the EU's desire for a "level playing field"
Davos elite talk climate and Australian fires, without Australia
A new report, meanwhile, found that the Top 5 global risks are all climate-related.
Achieving Sustainability in the Fashion Industry: what's the way forward?


This hand-crafted necklace is modern and simple yet edgy. It is inspired by native designs. Available in sterling silver or brass with 4mm Onyx stones. This is completely crafted by hand using traditional metalsmithing techniques.


On Thursday 9th November Year 3 had a Reading Inspire. For this, children and parents made a board game that included questions relating to books and we all had so much fun! At the end of the inspire there was time for everyone to play their game too!


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text:
New Twisted Metal game reportedly now being handled by Sony's Firesprite studio
Following reports earlier this week that Lucid Games, the UK developer behind Destruction All-Stars, was no longer working on a new Twisted Metal game for Sony as previously claimed, a new report has suggested it's now being handled by first-party PlayStation studio Firesprite Games, which only recently saw the director of MotorStorm join its ranks.
Whether he was previously leading the Twisted Metal project at Lucid, or if he'll be working as director on the title at Firesprite, is currently unknown.
Word of a new entry in the Twisted Metal series first emerged last September, when GamesBeat journalist Jeff Grubb claimed the project was in early development.
Earlier this week, however, VGC reported a major shakeup for the project, with Sony said to have ditched Lucid Games as the developer in favour of a then-unnamed first-party Sony studio.


The University of Arizona Swimming and Diving team has a new member.
Colton Hoffman, 12, was officially welcomed to the team during a special draft day ceremony, on Friday.
It was made possible by the nonprofit organization called Team IMPACT. The group's goal is to pair children battling serious and chronic illnesses with college athletic teams.
Hoffman and his family now have the support of the co-ed team as he battles a genetic disorder.
Hoffman will now be able to attend the team's practices, games, dinners and other events.


text:
Q: Can someone help me understand how to work with $\log(x)$ is $O(x)$? Just recently learned how to prove if a function is Big O of another, for example proving $f(x) = 10$ is $O(x)$, $f(x) = 3x + 7$ is $O(x)$, $f(x) = 17x + 11$ is $O(x^2)$ or $f(x) = x^2 + 100$ is $O(x^2)$ and what not. Proving if some $f(x)$ is not $O(g(x))$ is no issue either. But when it comes to doing something like that with $\log$s, I'm at a complete loss. Like prove if $f(x) = x\log x$ is $O(x^2)$ or $f(x) = 5\log x$ is $O(x)$. I have no idea where to even begin and the textbook I'm using is not much help, so any chance someone could walk me through this step by step would be great. A couple examples would be awesome too, I learn best with examples. Any help would be appreciated.

A: One of the common sufficient conditions for $f(x) = O(g(x))$ is $$\lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{f(x)}{g(x)} < \infty.$$
In your case,
$$
\lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{x \ln x}{x^2}
 = \lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{\ln x}{x}
 = 0
 < \infty.
$$


text:
import { storiesOf } from '@storybook/angular';
import { Welcome } from '@storybook/angular/demo';

storiesOf('Data Display|Time Available', module).add('Overview', () => ({
  component: Welcome,
  props: {},
}));


Vendors Steffon Harry and Al Price were yesterday arraigned on separate narcotics charges after police raided their homes and uncovered cocaine and cannabis, respectively.
At the Georgetown Magistrates' Court, Harry, accused of possession of cocaine for the purpose of trafficking, was granted $200,000 bail after Magistrate Fabayo Azore found that special circumstances relating to the offence had been made out.
It is alleged that on June 26, Harry, 35, of Lot 417 North East La Penitence, Harry had 250 grammes of cocaine in his possession. He denied the charge.
Prosecutor Ramsahoye Rambajue said that police discovered the substance when a search was conducted at Harry's residence around 5am.
Counsel for the accused, Latchmie Rahamat, in an application for reasonable bail, contended that the accused was living with multiple occupants when the police raided their home while they were asleep.
Rahamat said her client was taken and shown the substance in the toilet, but he had no knowledge of it being there and or what it was.
In addition, she said, the defendant's wife had also been taken into custody and was not released up to the time of the hearing.
In concluding her application, counsel advanced that these were special circumstances relating to the offence.
As a result, the magistrate set bail at $200, 000 and the matter was adjourned to July 10.
Meanwhile, the allegation against Price, 47, of Lot 500 North East La Penitence, is that on June 26, 10 grammes of cannabis were found in his possession.
Magistrate Fabayo Azore fined him $5000 along with six months community service after he pleaded guilty.
Rambajue told the court that around 6am on the day in question, narcotics ranks, acting on information received, went to Price's home and carried out a search.
Rambajue said the search unearthed a Ziploc bag containing the suspected substance on the floor and in socks in the bedroom.
When told of the offence, the prosecutor continued, Price admitted he smoked the illegal substance and claimed ownership of it. He was subsequently charged.
The father of three, represented by attorney Melvyn Duke, pleaded guilty to the charge when it was read to him.
According to his attorney, Price was forced to acquiesce to protect his family, after the police took his wife.
He added that his client shares the house with others, who were at home at the time of the raid. This, he said, raises the issue of possession, which is yet to be proven.
Taking this factor into account, the magistrate then fined Price $5,000 along with six months community service.


Fly in (from Arusha, Dar es Salaam or other nothern Tanzania locations) using one of the daily scheduled flights. (Airstrip is Kogatende.) Drive in from other northern Serengeti camps.
If you were to visit only one place in the Serengeti, it should be here. This is no idle boast—the iconic Kogakuria Kopje in northern Serengeti. A few years ago, the Tanzanian government chose a handful of responsible companies to build small permanent lodges in this remote sector of the Serengeti. Nomad Tanzania was offered the prime site and Lamai Serengeti now sits tucked amongst the rocks of Kogakuria Kopje with panoramic views of the surrounding landscape. Beautifully designed open-fronted rooms, a spacious lounge and clear pool provide an ideal place to escape to for some relaxation in between your wildlife adventures—for families, groups and couples.The area boasts year-round fantastic game viewing, including the Big 5, and between July and November, the wildebeest migration moves through, crossing the Mara River in dramatic fashion just 20 minutes from the lodge.
Each lodge has its own private bar and dining area with adjoining library/map room, and each has its own natural rock swimming pool. All rooms have 24-hour power and en-suite bathrooms with hot and cold running water, flush toilets and powerful showers. The main lodge has eight rooms; the private lodge has four rooms.
Each of the rooms was designed to fit into the complex geometry of the Kopje and to make the most of this sensational location—its views and its natural space and light.


People tend to get emotional over their writing tools. Over at Today's Author, I talk about how I acquired one of my most beloved fountain pens... and about how I almost destroyed it.
The discovery, resurrection, endangerment and rescue of a vintage double-jewel, blue diamond Parker 51 - this morning at Today's Author.


text:
Researchers Say The BRATA Has Evolved As An Advanced Persistent Threat
Posted on June 21, 2022 at 9:02 PM
Cybersecurity firm Clearfy has stated that the hackers responsible for the BRATA Android malware have started operating as an Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) group.
According to the researchers' report in a blog post, they first discovered three main BRATA variants in December last year, mainly in Spain, Italy, and Great Britain. But the threat actors have changed their attack patterns since then.
The Malware Now Targets Select Financial Institutions
The Clearfy team warned that the hackers behind the BRATA malware now target selected financial institutions at a time, and divert to other targets when their present target starts providing threat-resistant measures to combat their activities. Afterward, they move away from the spotlight and resume with different strategies and targets to infect more vulnerable systems. Cleafy provided details about the new BRADA malware variant in the blog post.
The security team noted that the BRADA malware is regularly updated to make it unique and more difficult to spot. When the hackers release a new update, it comes with a new feature that makes it more dangerous. The BRATA variant has already been spotted in EU territories posing as bank applications after making some internal changes.
The Malware Steals Information From Users
One of the features is a fishing technique that allows the malware to create and deploy a fake login page to imitate the design of the targeted bank's website. These are designed to steal credentials from gullible users.
However, Clearfy stated that the feature has not been fully developed when they were filing the report. It means that the malware may have developed the feature which makes it even more persistent and dangerous.
For now, the researchers noted that there is no data exchange between the TA infrastructure and the victim device.
Another notable feature the researchers have discovered is the charge to gain SMS, overlay, GPS, and device management solutions. It can help the threat actors to acquire two-factor authentication (2FA) codes as well as information on physical location. This could allow them to easily have login access to the targeted user's account, which is also very dangerous.
Once the malware is installed, the attack pattern will be similar to other SMS stealers. The security team stated that the new feature can ask the user to replace the default messaging app with the malicious one. Once this is achieved, the malicious app can intercept all incoming messages.
The Original Malware Is Distributed Through Fake Apps
For the third feature, the malware is capable of sideloading a piece of code it downloads from the control server and carrying out Event Logging on compromised devices. Again, the researchers stated that the third feature is still under development. They added that the threat actors responsible for the malware want to extend its functionality to retrieve data from other applications, which can abuse the Accessibility Service.
Clearfy added that the original BRATA malware was distributed via fake antivirus apps of other common apps. However, when it was used for the attack, the malware took the functionality of an APT attack that targets customers of a particular Italian bank.
The most recent trend has been discovered to be the new attack pattern the threat actors may use in subsequent attacks while other additional features are still under development. The hackers usually concentrate on the delivery of malicious applications targeted to a particular bank for several months before turning their attention to another bank for a couple of months again.
The Hackers Are Testing Different Methods To Expand Their Reach
BRATA is the acronym for "Brazilian Remote Access Tool Android." It was first discovered in the wild in Brazil in 2018 before reappearing again in Europe last April. At the time, the malware was faking as antivirus software and other popular tools to deceive users into downloading them. Since then the malware has undergone several changes, as the developers fortified it and made it more damaging.
The malware uses a phishing page and has been equipped to read victims' SMS, which could be used to carry out a complete Account Takeover (ATO) attack.
Also, the researchers noted that they discovered another Android app package sample that utilizes the same C2 infrastructure as the BRATA malware to steal SMS messages. This shows that the hackers are still testing different methods to expand their reach.
According to the researchers' report in a blog post, they first discovered three main BRATA variants in December last year, mainly in Spain, Italy, and Great Britain. But the threat actors have changed their attack patterns since then.
Fortinet confirms hackers exploited a critical vulnerability to compromise users


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Low GI foods and drinks can also be called sustained release or slow release foods. They are digested slowly and can therefore still supply energy 1-2 hours after consumption. If low GI products are consumed 1-2 hours before competing, blood glucose will be maintained at a healthy level for the duration of the activity or sporting event.
Competitions that last for more than an 90 minutes, require high GI (Intermediate for Diabetics) foods and drinks at a rate of 30-60g CHO per hour, depending on body weight. If the duration of the exercise is less than 90 minutes, the low GI food/drink that was taken beforehand should be sufficient to sustain blood glucose levels at a healthy level.
It is crucial to consume at least 1g carbohydrate/kg bodyweight high GI carbohydrate food or drink within the first 30 to 60 minutes of completing exercise. (Intermediate for Diabetics, unless competing for 2-3 hours). Thereafter 1g CHO/kg body weight should be consumed every 2 hours after exercise. The reason for this is that the exercised muscles continue to absorb glucose from the bloodstream and this happens at the fastest rate during the first 30 – 60 minutes after exercise. Faster replenishment of glycogen into the fatigued muscle is observed if high GI foods are taken as soon as possible after cessation of exercise. Severe hypoglycaemia can be prevented by this course of action and one should also be ensured of sustained energy levels.
The meal or snack eaten 1-2 hours after the event, should still consist mainly of high GI carbohydrates (Intermediate for diabetics). The next meal can be scaled down to Intermediate GI carbohydrates and the meal thereafter should be back at low GI carbohydrates, provided no activity has taken place again later in the day. For very active persons, i.e. those who train 2-3 hours every morning or an hour every morning and an hour every evening, it might mean having to eat high GI foods most of the time. If however, training is scaled down before an event, low GI carbohydrates should dominate all meals for the best carbo loading effect.
Sportsmen (and in fact the general public, as well as bodybuilders) should see to it that 50-60% of their diet consists of carbohydrate, only 20-30% fat and 12-20% protein. Carbohydrate is the fuel of the muscles and too many sportsmen/women suffer from chronic fatigue because they eat too little carbohydrate/the wrong GI carbohydrates at the wrong time and too much protein. This especially holds true for bodybuilders. There is a school of thought that one needs to eat lots of protein in order to build muscle, whereas most bodybuilders will actually consume enough protein if they keep to the recommended 12-20% of energy as protein.
The food intake is usually increased due to increased training time, increased muscle mass and consequently metabolism. If protein levels remain at 12-20% of total energy, the actual grams of protein eaten will automatically increase, but so should the grams of carbohydrates and fats. Eating too much protein is expensive, can overtax the kidneys (which is especially dangerous for diabetics), can lead to gout, arthritis and osteoporosis and is really not necessary. The main reason people build muscle, is due to the fact that the muscle is stimulated at cellular level by lifting weights. Many bodybuilders are also inclined to eat very low fat diets, which is mostly unnecessary and very boring. If a diet of less than 30% fat is eaten, the intake of essential fatty acids is compromised, which is important in keeping blood cholesterol normal, preventing dry skin and for the absorption of fat soluble vitamins. Research has found that as sportsmen get fitter, their bodies become more efficient in using fat as a source of fuel, so that a little extra fat in the diet will not make them fatter, but actually help them to feel more energetic.
An acceptable technique for enhancing performance is to eat a high carbohydrate diet comprising large quantities of bread, potatoes and pasta. This technique is commonly known as "carbo-loading" and is followed by athletes during the last three days before competing. Although most will probably run better after carbo-loading, this technique does not suit everyone. It is a good idea to try out any diet changes long before the event in which you intend to partake. No one wants to have an upset stomach caused by the high carbohydrate content of the diet on the day of the race.
Because of this, it is advisable for each sportsman/woman to experiment with the diet before deviating too much from his or her normal eating pattern. Runners should also remember that it is important to drink more water than they normally do during carbo-loading. A light-coloured urine indicates that enough water has been consumed. Although vitamin supplements can also be taken while carbo-loading, one should never take vitamin B complex tablets during exercise, particularly those containing nicotinic acid, as they impair endurance if taken in high doses. The best sign that sufficient carbohydrate has been consumed during carbo-loading is an increase in body weight.
Eat cereals, bread (with honey), fruit and fruit juices for breakfast. Remember to stick to low GI varieties of these carbohydrate foods if no exercise is done.
Use skimmed milk in place of full cream milk as it has a low fat content.
Substitute pasta (macaroni, spaghetti etc.) for meat and eat more potatoes.
Supplement the diet with 100g of a high-carbohydrate "carbo-loading" athletic drink.


text:
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Apricot Sprite Hyssop
Agastache aurantiaca 'Apricot Sprite'
Apricot Sprite Hyssop flowers
Other Names: Jewel Of The Sierra Madre, Orange Hummingbird Mint
This is a 'hot' native to Mexico and the southern U.S., has fragrant spikes of salmon-orange flowers; strong, compact form is great in borders and containers; for the best performance plant in fertile, well-drained soil in full sun
Apricot Sprite Hyssop features airy spikes of lightly-scented orange tubular flowers with salmon throats rising above the foliage from mid summer to early fall. The flowers are excellent for cutting. Its attractive fragrant narrow leaves remain grayish green in colour throughout the season. The fruit is not ornamentally significant.
Apricot Sprite Hyssop is an open herbaceous perennial with an upright spreading habit of growth. Its relatively fine texture sets it apart from other garden plants with less refined foliage.
This is a relatively low maintenance plant, and is best cleaned up in early spring before it resumes active growth for the season. It is a good choice for attracting bees, butterflies and hummingbirds to your yard, but is not particularly attractive to deer who tend to leave it alone in favor of tastier treats. It has no significant negative characteristics.
Apricot Sprite Hyssop is recommended for the following landscape applications;
Apricot Sprite Hyssop will grow to be about 30 inches tall at maturity, with a spread of 20 inches. It grows at a fast rate, and under ideal conditions can be expected to live for approximately 6 years.
This plant should only be grown in full sunlight. It prefers dry to average moisture levels with very well-drained soil, and will often die in standing water. It is considered to be drought-tolerant, and thus makes an ideal choice for a low-water garden or xeriscape application. It is particular about its soil conditions, with a strong preference for rich, alkaline soils, and is able to handle environmental salt. It is somewhat tolerant of urban pollution. This is a selection of a native North American species. It can be propagated by division; however, as a cultivated variety, be aware that it may be subject to certain restrictions or prohibitions on propagation.
Apricot Sprite Hyssop is a fine choice for the garden, but it is also a good selection for planting in outdoor pots and containers. With its upright habit of growth, it is best suited for use as a 'thriller' in the 'spiller-thriller-filler' container combination; plant it near the center of the pot, surrounded by smaller plants and those that spill over the edges. Note that when growing plants in outdoor containers and baskets, they may require more frequent waterings than they would in the yard or garden.
Disclaimer - This Plant Database is an online catalog representing many of the varieties that we carry over the course of the season, and is intended for informational purposes only. Inventory varies seasonally, so we cannot guarantee that every plant will be in stock at all times - please contact your favourite GardenWorks location directly for current availability. It does not include our entire inventory of plants, so be sure to visit GardenWorks to see varieties that may not be represented on this list.
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iflyfirstclass.com > Blog > How to Get One Way First Class Cheap?
How to Get One Way First Class Cheap?
How to Get One Way First Class Cheap? When you and your family decide to go abroad on a long vacation to spend some time away from home, you have to think about the budget. Allocating a certain amount of money for this very luxurious trip is a must before you begin planning. However, this can be a difficult task as the price of tickets is extremely high. This is especially true when you are travelling to another part of the world. This is the reason why most people are forced to pre-book months in advance. While you may do this and save a little on the overall cost, there are more disadvantages than the good.
When you and your family decide to go abroad on a long vacation to spend some time away from home, you have to think about the budget. Allocating a certain amount of money for this very luxurious trip is a must before you begin planning. However, this can be a difficult task as the price of tickets is extremely high. This is especially true when you are travelling to another part of the world. This is the reason why most people are forced to pre-book months in advance. While you may do this and save a little on the overall cost, there are more disadvantages than the good. Booking several months in advance can cause many problems. A person or a working couple cannot ask for a leave two months in advance from their workplace. If you assume that you will be granted a leave and at the end you are not, then you may have to sell your tickets or cancel the booking, incurring more loss. Same is the case with kids studying in school. There are alternatives to this and you can get cheap first class fares via other means.
For a family the alternatives are plenty and while choosing an economy airliner is one of the options, it is not the best option to go for. It all comes down to tactics and strategy that you can utilize to get the best deals. Every country has peak seasons in which the tourists visit the place. This is also the time when airliners increase their costs to as much as double the actual rates and mint money. You have to be smart and seek destinations to visit in the off season.
You can get cheap business class airfare for the entire family and enjoy some quiet time at your dream destination. Since it will be off season, you can even expect a lesser crowd and more peace of mind.
In case you are an executive or the owner of a recently launched company, then there is no alternative left for you rather than travel by the best flight. This is because it comes down to reputation and affects the way people look at you. If you are a frequent flyer, then you can make use of your frequent flier miles card that many airliners provide. You can redeem the miles covered for points and use them to get the best deals business class. This is an option that not many people make use of even though it is perfect for executives.
A person may not necessary go with family or on a business trip to other parts of the world. There are many who just want a get away with some friends and the timing does not really matter to them. There is an option for cheap last minute first class seats for these people and it requires the group to be on their toes. All you have to do is wait for cancellation and board the flight with friends and head to the destination of choice.


Yoga books are a refreshing alternative to DVDs, CDs and other instructional products because they showcase still photos to view and they have great tips, stories and other helpful information about perfecting your yoga practice. Yoga books are great for quick reference and they look great in your library.
Yoga is both a philosophy and a practice that allows you to reach a place of deep and lasting peace. Maybe that is why curling up to a good yoga book sounds so darn appealing and relaxing.
Yoga books are wonderful when you want to reference a specific topic when you are practicing. You just flip to the page you want and there you go.
Teaching you everything from the origins of yoga to the path you take within your yoga lifestyle, a book hits the spot.
Many authors, athletes and celebrities alike have written yoga books. These books are loaded with helpful information without biased opinion. A good yoga book will simply guide you, not force you.
We find the stores above to be well worth your time and patronage as they will guide you and not force you either. These are small online companies that are not advocating aisle after aisle of useless books either. These book stores share the yoga lifestyle way of thinking too.
Additionally, if you are shopping for a specific book, we want you to check out the BetterWorld.com online book store. This store is active in promoting literacy in areas of the world where it's needed the most, this store is also active in helping save the environment.
With special focus given to books of a holistic nature, we highly recommend BetterWorld's online book store of nearly 2 million used books and half a million new titles.


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Trikkala
Photo by NikosFF
Trikkala is a city in a fertile valley in northwest Thessaly. Trikkala was an important transit point, with roads running west across the Pindos Mountains to Epirus and north to Grevena and Macedonia. Prokopios names "Trika" among the Thessalian poleis whose walls were repaired by Justinian I. From the 4th century onward, the city was a suffragan bishopric of Larissa. The first known bishop, Heliodoros, was thought to be the author of the Aethiopica. The old name Trikka survived in several anachronistic texts, while Trikkala appears first in Kekaumenos, who speaks of Trikalitan Vlachs. Anna Komnene cites to Trikala as a geographic name without defining the character of the site. Al-Idrisi described Trikkala as an important agrarian center with abundant vineyards and gardens. In Alexios III's charter of 1198 for Venice, Trikkala is mentioned along with other Thessalian cities. Its political role before 1204 is almost unknown: in 1082/3 Trikkala was for a short time captured by the Normans. It seems not to have been occupied by the Crusaders after 1204 but was controlled by Epirus.
After the victory at Pelagonia in 1259, John Palaiologos, Michael VIII's brother, reached Neopatras and "Trikke" and took them without resistance. In the 14th century (until 1332/3) Trikkala formed the center of the independent "fief" of Stephen Gabrielopoulos; after his death Trikkala fell under the control of John Orsini of Epiros, then of Byzantium: a chrysobull of Andronikos III of March 1336 rewards the monks of the Zablantion monastery near Trikkala for their help in transferring the city to the emperor. The Serbs conquered Thessaly in 1348, and Dugan's general Preljub governed it from Trikkala. In 1359 Symeon Uros established his court in Trikkala, where he imitated the ritual of Constantinople. Trikkala was occupied by the Ottomans in 1393. In the 14th century the bishopric of Trikkala gained increasing control over Meteora.
The fortifications on the acropolis are mostly of Turkish date, but traces of the Justinianic repairs have been identified on the south side. A floor mosaic on the hill of Prophetis Elias is from the narthex of a basilica, probably of the 5th century, and the ruins of a church, presumably of Byzantine date, are on the acropolis. The Church of St. Stephen contains an inscription naming Symeon Urog and the Despoina Anna. Many small churches, especially of the 12th-13th century, can be found in the villages around Trikkala.
Porta Panagia in Pyli (Photo by Draizis)
Porta Panagia, a church dedicated to Dormition of the Theotokos, was originally the katholikon of a monastery dedicated to the Panagia Akatamachetos, founded in 1283 by the ruler of Thessaly, the sebastokrator John I Doukas.
Album (Byzantine Legacy Flickr)


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Born and raised in Saigon, Tam Tien Nguyen immigrated to the U.S. in 1978. He picked up his first camera in 1981 as a hobby.
His influence in photography came from his father Nguyen Huy Truc who is one of the pioneers in the Vietnamese photography industry along with many other famous and legendary Vietnamese photographers such as : Nguyen Manh Dan, Nguyen Cao Dam, Tran Cao Linh, Nguyen Van Thong, Pham Van Mui..... Mr. Truc, a former executive in the Pharmaceutical business, served as Chairman of the Vietnamese American Photography Society in Saigon from 1963-1975, and he was also General Secretary of the Photographic Society of Vietnam from 1957-1975.
Photography still remains a hobby to Tam Nguyen as he regularly returns to Vietnam to travel throughout the country and to photograph its beauties. He uses a Nikon F3T, a Nikon FM2, and Kodak films. Tam, a SJSU alumni, resides in San Jose, California.
All photographs Copyright © 1993-2008 Tam Tien Nguyen. Unauthorized copies and/or commercial use is not permitted without permission.


We were recommended by not only our wedding venue (Jericho Terrace) but by friend to use for our male apparel. They were amazing! They gave us a great deal on all the tuxedos and the guys looked fabulous in them. They were easy to work with, accommodating with everyone's hectic schedules for pick-up, and my father plans on purchasing his tuxedo from them this spring when they can place it for him. He absolutely loved his tux and plans on having it in his possession forever. Our sales rep, Joe, was awesome. He was so down-to-earth and made us feel like family. We highly recommend this Mineola shop for all your tux needs!
Thank You Maria for your wonderful review! We're so happy you were all pleased with our product and service!
Foresto is the place to go for all your tuxedo need. The whole staff is friendly and helpful. They make sure that you are taken well care of and makes sure everything fits perfect to make sure you look your best! Me and all my grooms men where very pleased and would recommend them to anyone!
Thank You Joseph! We appreciate your very positive feedback!
We pride ourselves on making sure that our Grooms and their groomsmen look their very best. It was our pleasure working with you!
My husband and I got married on November 17th and the boys rented there tides from Forestos. Joe and everyone that works there were very accommodating and helpful with making our experience an excellent one. I would highly recommend them for any party you would need a tux for. You won't be disappointed.
Thank You Kim for your taking the time to review us! We're so happy you were pleased with our product and service. It was our pleasure working with you. All the Best!
I've received a few tuxedos over the years from Foresto Tuxedo and every time I went there I was not only met with impeccable service, but looked sharp too. So when it came time for my own wedding it was a no-brainer choice on where my groomsmen and I were going to get our tuxedos from - Foresto. They did not disappoint. From our first fitting, everyone in my party was taken care of and they made it such an easy process. The staff is beyond friendly and you can tell that everyone has a passion for the business. Everyone was so on top of making sure my guys and I were set for my wedding that they reduced any stress I might have felt, and I am extremely thankful. These guys go above and beyond the call of duty - helping to tailor the suits, to even going out of their way to make pocket squares with a unique fabric for the tuxedos. You can't find that kind of personal touch service anywhere else. If you're thinking about using Foresto - just stop and do it already. They're that good and they won't disappoint. Thank you to everyone from Foresto who helped me look great on the most important day of my life!
Thank you for your very positive review! You all looked great! It was our pleasure dressing you and your groomsmen all for your "Special Day"!
Foresto Tuxedo was amazing and made sure my groomsmen and I looked great for the wedding. They were very professional and provided excellent service. Also the tuxedos they offer are top products and you can definitely tell the difference between what they offer and other stores. I went to my many stores and was disappointed but afterI tried on their tuxedo I knew I wanted to choose them.
Thank you AJ! It was our pleasure working with you all. You all looked terrific!
Foresto is the gold standard for rental menswear on Long Island and beyond (my wedding was in Queens but their service and product was worth the trip). Joseph did a great job guiding me through Foresto's extensive selection of traditional and modern tuxedos.
Fit and style was excellent. They worked seamlessly with other local shops to measure my out-of-town groomsmen and, upon pickup, had a tailor on site to perform size adjustments while we waited. Price was competitive with the "big boys" but everything else was so much better.
Don't think twice! Go here!
Thank you Brian for you wonderful review! We try our best to make the out of town guest experience as pleasant as possible. We're so happy you were all pleased!
Thank You very much! It was our pleasure dressing your Bridal Party for you "Special Day"
Amazing! I highly recommend Foresto. They were very professional and easy to work with. My husband and his groomsmen ordered their tuxes for our February 2017 wedding and they looked great. The tuxes fit perfect and the price was great.
Forest Tuxedo had excellent service, they were very professional and had quality, fitted tuxes. Dom was great to work with!
We're so happy you were pleased! Always our pleasure!
After having been in several weddings where I have had to rent from a big box retailer, Foresto's was a breath of fresh air. Derrick was our main point of contact and he acted with extremely professionalism throughout the entire process. The tuxedos were immaculate and fit each groomsman perfectly. The cost is extremely reasonable. Overall it was a five star service and to go any where else you are doing yourself a disservice.
My husband and I used Foresto Tuxedo for our wedding on 7/10/16. We had 8 groomsmen, 2 dads and 2 ring bearers and of course the groom. Dominick and his team were super helpful and easy to work with. I went in to the shop about a whole year before the wedding and wanted a tux for my husband that would be coming out in a few months. I left my name and number and was told I would be notified when it was available. Sure enough, Dominick did not forget about me and called to let us know it was ready. All of the guys looked amazing in their suits and had a great time. Thank you Dominick!!
We met Dominic at a bridal showcase. He was very passionate about his job and his business. When we ordered the tuxedos for our groomsmen, it was a quick and easy process. We told Dominic exactly what we wanted and that is exactly what we got. He did not try to push anything that we were not interested in on us. If we ever have another special occasion, we will definitely go back.
Working with Foresto for our July 9th wedding was just so easy. They had a great selection of tuxedos and they really took a lot of time with my husband and I to select all of the details for all of the guys in our bridal party that needed to be dressed. The team is so professional and will not stop working until everything is fitted perfectly. I highly recommend Foresto to everyone!!
Therese...that you for your wonderful feedback! We're so happy that you were pleased! It was our pleasure working with you and your bridal party.
Seriously, the best hands down. Husband & I went to several shops before making a decision and no one could compare to their personalized service and quality of suits. The whole crew of guys working on staff are absolute sweethearts!! Another plus is that Foresto OWNS every garment so if there is an issue, they can quickly remedy it unlike most places that have to get them shipped from a warehouse. All of our guys tuxedos fit like a glove, including our out of the country groomsman who sent in his measurements via website form. They looked so dapper in their Michael Kors slim fit tuxes! It was wonderful not to stress about the guys attire after horror stories I've heard from other vendors. If you don't pick Foresto for your mens attire needs, you are clearly going to the wrong place!!
Congratulations, and Thank You for you very positive feedback...we sincerely appreciate it! We're so happy that you were all pleased. It was our pleasure working with you and your bridal party!
Amazing!!! My friend's brother used Foresto for his wedding and now I know why he recommended them so highly! Dominick and his team were amazing. I wanted to go for a classic tuxedo look for the groomsmen and he found the perfect tuxedo for them to wear to our wedding. They were so professional and easy to work with. They have a great selection of suits and they really know about tailoring! We went with a tuxedo rental which was perfect because it came with absolutely everything the guys needed for the day. The groomsmen absolutely loved their tuxedos and our pictures look great! Thanks for everything Foresto!
Thank you Melanie! It was our pleasure working with you and your Bridal Party! We're so happy to hear all were pleased and the photos looked great....we'd love to see a phot of the group. Once again...Congratulations!
From the moment I stepped into Foresto Tuxedo I knew there was no other option for our wedding Tuxedos. The place has a great family feel to it and the gentlemen are beyond lovely and so helpful. Not only did they cater to my constant changing mind but they also catered to the fact 2 members of the grooms party were international and therefore unable to come in for fittings. I stepped into Foresto with a certain look in mind and they managed to provide me that exact look. The quality of the available tuxedos is fantastic and they provide absolutely everything as part of the rental….even down to the shoes and cufflinks. When I provided a colour swatch of the bridesmaid dresses they gave me an exact match for the groomsmen red ties! Nothing was ever too much and one of the downsides to my wedding being over is not being able to pop into Foresto and see Dominck anymore. I cannot thank you enough for everything! You were all amazing and you are the only place I will consider when needing to rent suits or tuxedos in the future. As the first of our friends to get married we are telling them for the future that they must come to Foresto. Thank you!
Foresto Tuxedo is the best! The entire staff is extremely professional and provided the groom, as well as all the groomsmen, with great tuxedos. Highly recommend!
Thank you... we appreciate the positive feedback! So happy you were pleased!
Wonderful, accommodating, friendly, worked with my short time frame of family coming in from Europe, truly skilled, everyone looked great!
The one thing that sold me on Foresto, besides the amazingly beautiful slate blue tuxes that our guys wore, was the fact that all the suits were on site. Hank assured us that if there were any problems when the guys picked up the suits, they would be fixed right away. That gave me as a bride such a peace of mind. The suits came through! They matched so well with the blush bridesmaid dresses, and the pictures came out amazing!
Foresto is super professional and very responsive. They know their style too. They had amazing suggestions for us, but were in no way pushy. Also, they had skinny blush ties custom made for us because my husband has an aversion for regular sized ties. I highly HIGHLY reccommend!
Amazing customer service! We had second thoughts on the tux we ordered. They made it so easy to change styles! They are extremely helpful and have great prices! I highly recommend foresto!
Professional, willing to work. I would use them for anything I would need a tux for.
I wanted to say that our experience with Foresto was amazing! The tuxedo rentals are great quality. My husband found this place while being a groomsmen in a friends wedding. He loved them so much that we used them for our wedding this past October. They are friendly and very accommodating. Not only do they have a in house tailor to fix everything perfectly before you leave but also the guys said that the shoes are the most comfortable rental shoes they have ever tried. The guys looked amazing thanks to Dominic!
We rented all the tuxes from Foresto and they were awesome. All in all, it was about ten tuxes between groomsmen, ring bearer, fathers, etc. My husband and his brother used Foresto a couple of years in a row for a black tie event we have every January, and even though its always a year between trips to Foresto, the owner, Dominic, always remembers them immediately. The tuxes looked amazing! My husband went for a very classic look, no vest, just classic suspenders and bow tie. The guys look awesome! Cannot say enough good things about them. You can't go wrong with Foresto!


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USGS: Permian Basin's vast reserves could be bigger than anyone imagined
Filed under Energy at Dec 7
Some of the largest energy companies in the U.S. have already invested billions of dollars on claims up and down the Texas-New Mexico state line, tapping one of the nation's richest and most prolific oil and natural gas regions.
Now the stakes just got higher, as the U.S. Geological Survey released a new assessment Thursday that shows portions of the Permian Basin could hold even more promise.
With the potential to double the nation's onshore oil and gas resources, the agency estimates more than 46 billion barrels of oil and some 280 trillion cubic feet of gas are within two formations on the southwestern side of the basin. That's the largest continuous oil and gas resource potential ever assessed.
While agency geologists caution that more study would be needed to determine the profitability of going after the resources, industry groups and top officials within the Trump administration are encouraged and say the assessment underscores the activity that's already happening in the basin.
"Before this assessment came down, I was bullish on oil and gas production in the United States," Interior Secretary Ryan Zinke said in a statement. "Now, I know for a fact that American energy dominance is within our grasp as a nation."
The Wolfcamp Shale and overlying Bone Spring Formation in the Delaware Basin portion of Texas and New Mexico's Permian Basin province contain an estimated mean of 46.3 billion barrels of oil, 281 trillion cubic feet of natural gas, and 20 billion barrels of natural gas liquids, according to an assessment by the U.S. Geological Survey.
(USGS)
The announcement comes as OPEC countries voted Friday to cut oil production beginning next year as a way to force crude oil prices higher despite political pressure from President Donald Trump. The group of oil-producing nations was looking to rein in supply as prices had fallen about 25 percent because major producers, including the U.S., have been pumping at high rates.
Producers throughout the Permian were closely watching Friday's developments.
Volatility in crude prices prompted some oil explorers to lay down rigs this week. Working oil rigs fell by 10 to 877, according to data released Friday by oilfield-services provider Baker Hughes. The number of rigs operating in the Permian Basin dropped by 4, marking the biggest drop since June.
"The price of oil is dominating the headlines in our industry, with a level of volatility that has brought increased uncertainty and decreased visibility," said Patrick Schorn, executive vice president for wells at Schlumberger Ltd., the world's biggest oilfield services provider. "Presenting any reliable outlook for our business is like walking a tightrope."
Still, crude producers in the U.S. are pumping a record 11.7 million barrels a day, according to the Energy Information Administration.
Stephen Robertson, executive vice president of the Texas-based Permian Basin Petroleum Association, said the signs for the basin's potential have been there for a long time.
"The fact is that Reeves County, which in the heart of that play, is running more rigs than any other county in the nation and has been doing that for quite a while," he said. "The people out here know that it's there and it really is that improvement of the technologies and the increased efficiencies allowing people the ability to actually be able to access it and produce it."
USGS report puts massive number on oil potential of West Texas shale formation
Still, a main factor is price.
"If the price drops to a point where it's not economical, then it doesn't matter if it's there. It's not going to be produced," Robertson said.
New Mexico's share of the Permian Basin has helped to drive production in the state to record levels in 2017. This year is expected to be another banner year as industry officials say the state is on pace to surpass 200 million barrels.
The flurry of activity in southeastern New Mexico has put pressure on everything from housing and schools to highway infrastructure. Concerns also have been raised by state Land Commissioner Aubrey Dunn about the environmental impacts as state and federal regulators have had a difficult time keeping up with the pace of development across the region.
Dale Janway, mayor of the southeastern New Mexico city of Carlsbad, told The Associated Press that with the news of more resources in the Permian comes greater responsibility.
Without enough oil workers, thousands of Permian Basin wells may sit idle in 2019
"We know that we need to redouble our efforts to improve and develop infrastructure in the area and to work closely with the county, state and our business partners to best prepare for the future. We're in it for the long haul," he said.
The boom also has resulted in a significant budget surplus that will give incoming Gov.-elect Michelle Lujan Grisham and the Democrat-led Legislature more options as they hash out spending priorities for everything from education and public safety to infrastructure.
Susan Montoya Bryan, The Associated Press. This story also contains reporting by Bloomberg.
Exxon, Chevron might pursue bids for major Permian Basin acreage


Nicholas Hartwright designs antique reproduction and bespoke carpets. We were commissioned to design a new brand identity and website to display services, products and case studies. The website was influenced by the editorial style found in home magazines.


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TSRI Researchers Develop New Method to 'Fingerprint' HIV
HIV is a master of disguise. The virus uses a shield of sugar molecules, called glycans, to hide from the immune system and block antibodies from attacking it. Now, scientists at the Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) have developed a method to analyze the glycan shield on HIV's protective outer glycoprotein, developed as a potential HIV vaccine candidate.
The researchers used their new method to create a map of the surface glycans on an HIV vaccine candidate glycoprotein. Image from the Paulson Lab/courtesy of Scripps Research Institute
With this method, scientists can rapidly create a "fingerprint" of the glycans on the glycoprotein to tell if they are on the right track in developing an effective vaccine.
"The ability to identify the glycan fingerprint on HIV's glycoprotein will help us develop a vaccine that matches what is found on the virus," said James Paulson, the Cecil H. and Ida M. Green Chair of Chemistry at TSRI and co-chair of the Department of Molecular Medicine, who led the study published today in the journal Nature Communications.
With the new method, scientists can finally see which types of glycans make up the glycoprotein--and whether the glycoprotein has any vulnerable holes.
The glycans cover the glycoprotein machinery that HIV uses to enter host cells. The human immune system wants to produce antibodies that bind to the glycoprotein to stop infection, but the glycans block immune cells from seeing their targets and developing useful antibodies.
At TSRI, several research teams are designing HIV vaccines that prompt the body to create rare "broadly neutralizing" antibodies that can actually get around the glycan, or sugar, shield. To do this, they need to introduce the immune system to HIV-like glycoproteins and teach the immune system where the holes in the glycan shield are.
For the new study, the researchers developed a way to figure out the composition of sugars on the glycoprotein. They used enzymes to break the glycoprotein into smaller peptide chunks. Next, the team used a technique called mass spectrometry to analyze these peptides and see if they fell into one of three categories: high-mannose glycans (a type with a specific kind of sugar), complex-type glycans (which are more mature glycans) or sites with no glycans.
While previous HIV studies had distinguished between high-mannose and complex-type glycans, this was the first time scientists could also see the number of glycan-free sites. In fact, the new method has already revealed that the glycoprotein does not have as many holes as many researchers had predicted.
The new method also saves time. Previous studies using mass spectrometry had required researchers to manually analyze the peptide results--a process that could take months. By teaming up with the laboratory of TSRI Professor John Yates, the researchers in this study successfully used a computer algorithm to rapidly analyze results instead.
Study first author Liwei Cao, a research associate in the Paulson laboratory, said speed will come in handy as scientists sort through many HIV vaccine candidates to find the right ones to prevent a wide range of ever-evolving HIV strains.
The next step in this research is to analyze the glycan composition and glycan-free sites on the natural, or "native," form of HIV, not just an HIV-like vaccine candidate. "Then we can see if the fingerprints match up," Paulson said. If they do match, the researchers will know they are on a path to developing a vaccine that can induce useful antibodies.
This new method could also be helpful against viruses with a similar glycoprotein shield, such as influenza, Paulson explained. In fact, the new study included a side project where the researchers successfully tested their method on an influenza protein.
In addition to Paulson, Cao and Yates, authors of the study, "Global site-specific N-glycosylation analysis of HIV envelope glycoprotein," were Jolene K. Diedrich, Lin He, Sung-Kyu Robin Park, Ching Yao Su, Claire M. Delahunty, Raiees Andrabi, Javier Guenaga, Erik Georgeson and Michael Kubitz of TSRI; and Daniel W. Kulp, Matthias Pauthner, Devin Sok, Sergey Menis, Yumiko Adachi, Dennis R. Burton and William R. Schief of TSRI and the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI) Neutralizing Antibody Center and Consortium.
The study was supported by the National Institutes of Health (grants R01AI113867, UM1 AI100663 and P41 GM103533) and IAVI.
Source: Scripps Research Institute


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Image © Jonas Knecht
Tim Krohn
Tim Krohn was born in the Federal Republic of Germany in 1965, but moved to Switzerland the following year, growing up in Glarus. He began studying Philosophy, German and Politics but interrupted his studies in 1994 and has been working as a freelance writer in Zurich ever since. Krohn has published numerous books, plays and audio books and has been awarded various prizes, such as the Conrad-Ferdinand-Meyer-Preis in 1994 and the Glarner Kulturpreis for the canton of Glarus in 2011. His novel Aus dem Leben einer Matratze bester Machart was published in 2014, followed by Nachts in Vals in 2015.
Winter 2015 (Issue 10), The Life of a Top-Quality Mattress