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About Sacred Earth
Eco-Psychology – Spirit & Soul
Eco-Psychology
Plants as Gateways to the Sacred
Plants & People
Foraging Rules
Plants & Medicine
Plants for everyday uses
Gardening Jobs in January
by Kat Morgenstern | Jan 13, 2021 | Gardening
Winter is a trying period for gardeners. At the latest by the middle of the month, they are itching to do SOMETHING in the garden! But the life-juices are dormant beneath the surface, the ground is frozen and covered in snow. There isn't a whole lot to do. But there is always something.
Cleaning up the Tool Shed
You might also want to use the quiet time to organize the tool shed, and do some maintenance work. Make a note of materials you might need for projects you might be planning for later in the spring.
Planning the garden
Use the quiet time of the year to dream and prepare for the season ahead. What do you want to grow and where? Survey and organize your seed library and make a plan: What would you like to grow this year? What worked well last year? Maybe there are some new varieties you would like to try? Check your favorite seed suppliers and get your order in early.
For heirloom seeds see: https://exchange.seedsavers.org/
For impatient gardeners
If you are really impatient and have a frost-free cold frame you can start some early varieties of lettuce, kohlrabi, and radishes. Or, if you don't have a cold frame, why not build one?
If you live in a cold climate zone and want to grow species that normally grow in much warmer regions, such as aubergines or peppers, you could start them off early. A corner in the basement could be modified and fitted with a grow light. Neutral white light LED strips will work well.
Finally, don't forget the birds. They happily visit your feeder. It is a great joy to watch them and attracting them to your garden will also help you later when they forage for insect larvae.
Making Birdseed Feeders
by Kat Morgenstern | Jan 13, 2021 | Earth Care
How to make Birdseed Feeders
During the winter, birds don't always find enough food. To help them through these times of scarcity, why not offer them some 'birdseed feeders'. They are really easy to make and much appreciated. All you need is birdseed (you can use pre-packed supplies, or mix your own, using a blend of edible seeds, nuts, and dried fruit, such as sunflower seeds, buckwheat, oats, millet, linseed, wheat, cracked peanuts or hazelnuts, raisins, etc, some hardened vegetable fat, suet or tallow.
Birdseed Cookies
To make 'Birdseed cookies' you can use Christmas cookie cutters.
250g of hardened coconut fat
500g of birdseed mix
Melt the fat in a saucepan
pour in the seed mixture until the fat is almost completely saturated
Allow the mixture to cool until it hardens to the consistency of peanut butter.
Line a baking tray with baking paper and arrange your cookie cutters or shapes
Now you can spread the seed mixture into the cookie cutter with a spoon or spatula
Use a toothpick to poke a hole through which you can thread the string once the cookie has completely hardened.
Flowerpot feeders
These are also easy to make. You'll need small terracotta flowerpots with a hole in the bottom
250g birdseed mixture
500g suet or hardened coconut butter
a swig of sunflower oil
small flowerpots
forked twigs
Take a forked twig and pull the straight end through the bottom of the flowerpot.
Fasten with a piece of string and pull the string ends through the hole as a hanger for the flower pot.
I used a second, short twig to fasten it securely. The forked end of the stick should stick out at the open end of the pot.
Make the seed mixture as before, but add a little swig of sunflower oil (not too much!) to keep the seed mixture a little bit softer.
Allow the mixture to cool until it has the consistency of peanut butter.
Fill the pot with the fat/seed paste and allow it to harden some more so that it won't drip out of the pot.
Now find a tree or better still, a bush that is not accessible to cats (e.g. hawthorn tree or elderflower tree) to hang your ornaments and flowerpot feeders.
by Kat Morgenstern | Oct 21, 2020 | Green Living
When I first came across the Earth Charter Initiative in 2004, I was elated to find a worldwide network of hundreds and thousands of people working as individuals, or grassroots organizations and NGOs, all sharing a common vision: appealing to the highest common denominators and values of our shared humanity to draw up a charter that could serve as a guideline for a sustainable, just and peaceful future.
At a time when major changes in how we think and live are urgently needed, the Earth Charter challenges us to examine our values and to choose a better way. It calls on us to search for common ground in the midst of our diversity and to embrace a new ethical vision that is shared by growing numbers of people in many nations and cultures throughout the world.
I feel that initiatives like this, and this one especially, are important and deserve to be spread, far and wide, so that its spirit takes wings and inspires us to try harder and do more to save our beautiful home planet, I am publishing it here in full.
What is the Earth Charter?
The Earth Charter is a declaration of 16 fundamental principles for building a just, sustainable, and peaceful global society in the 21st century. It seeks to inspire in all peoples a new sense of global interdependence and shared responsibility for the well-being of the human family and the larger living world. It is an expression of hope and a call to help create a global partnership at a critical juncture in history.
The principles are grounded in the four pillars of Respect and Care for the Community of Life, Ecological Integrity, social and Economic Justice, and Democracy, Nonviolence, and Peace.
The Earth Charter
We stand at a critical moment in Earth's history, a time when humanity must choose its future. As the world becomes increasingly interdependent and fragile, the future at once holds great peril and great promise. To move forward we must recognize that in the midst of a magnificent diversity of cultures and life forms we are one human family and one Earth community with a common destiny. We must join together to bring forth a sustainable global society founded on respect for nature, universal human rights, economic justice, and a culture of peace. Towards this end, it is imperative that we, the peoples of Earth, declare our responsibility to one another, to the greater community of life, and to future generations.
Earth, Our Home
Humanity is part of a vast evolving universe. Earth, our home, is alive with a unique community of life. The forces of nature make existence a demanding and uncertain adventure, but Earth has provided the conditions essential to life's evolution. The resilience of the community of life and the well-being of humanity depend upon preserving a healthy biosphere with all its ecological systems, a rich variety of plants and animals, fertile soils, pure waters, and clean air. The global environment with its finite resources is a common concern of all peoples. The protection of Earth's vitality, diversity, and beauty is a sacred trust.
The Global Situation
The dominant patterns of production and consumption are causing environmental devastation, the depletion of resources, and a massive extinction of species. Communities are being undermined. The benefits of development are not shared equitably and the gap between rich and poor is widening. Injustice, poverty, ignorance, and violent conflict are widespread and the cause of great suffering. An unprecedented rise in the human population has overburdened ecological and social systems. The foundations of global security are threatened. These trends are perilous—but not inevitable.
The Challenges Ahead
The choice is ours: form a global partnership to care for Earth and one another or risk the destruction of ourselves and the diversity of life. Fundamental changes are needed in our values, institutions, and ways of living. We must realize that when basic needs have been met, human development is primarily about being more, not having more. We have the knowledge and technology to provide for all and to reduce our impacts on the environment. The emergence of a global civil society is creating new opportunities to build a democratic and humane world. Our environmental, economic, political, social, and spiritual challenges are interconnected, and together we can forge inclusive solutions.
Universal Responsibility
To realize these aspirations, we must decide to live with a sense of universal responsibility, identifying ourselves with the whole Earth community as well as our local communities. We are at once citizens of different nations and of one world in which the local and global are linked. Everyone shares responsibility for the present and future well-being of the human family and the larger living world. The spirit of human solidarity and kinship with all life is strengthened when we live with reverence for the mystery of being, gratitude for the gift of life, and humility regarding the human place in nature.
We urgently need a shared vision of basic values to provide an ethical foundation for the emerging world community. Therefore, together in hope, we affirm the following interdependent principles for a sustainable way of life as a common standard by which the conduct of all individuals, organizations, businesses, governments, and transnational institutions is to be guided and assessed.
Respect and care for the community of life
Respect Earth and life in all its diversity.
Recognize that all beings are interdependent and every form of life has value regardless of its worth to human beings.
Affirm faith in the inherent dignity of all human beings and in the intellectual, artistic, ethical, and spiritual potential of humanity.
Care for the community of life with understanding, compassion, and love.
Accept that with the right to own, manage, and use natural resources comes the duty to prevent environmental harm and to protect the rights of people.
Affirm that with increased freedom, knowledge, and power comes increased responsibility to promote the common good.
Build democratic societies that are just, participatory, sustainable, and peaceful.
Ensure that communities at all levels guarantee human rights and fundamental freedoms and provide everyone an opportunity to realize his or her full potential.
Promote social and economic justice, enabling all to achieve a secure and meaningful livelihood that is ecologically responsible.
Secure Earth's bounty and beauty for present and future generations.
Recognize that the freedom of action of each generation is qualified by the needs of future generations.
Transmit to future generations the values, traditions, and institutions that support the long-term flourishing of Earth's human and ecological communities. In order to fulfill these four broad commitments. it is necessary to: (continue to Pillar II).
Ecological Integrity
Protect and restore the integrity of Earth's ecological systems, with special concern for biological diversity and the natural processes that sustain life.
Adopt at all levels sustainable development plans and regulations that make environmental conservation and rehabilitation integral to all development initiatives.
Establish and safeguard viable nature and biosphere reserves, including wild lands and marine areas, to protect Earth's life support systems, maintain biodiversity, and preserve our natural heritage.
Promote the recovery of endangered species and ecosystems.
Control and eradicate non-native or genetically modified organisms harmful to native species and the environment, and prevent the introduction of such harmful organisms.
Manage the use of renewable resources such as water, soil, forest products, and marine life in ways that do not exceed rates of regeneration and that protect the health of ecosystems.
Manage the extraction and use of non-renewable resources such as minerals and fossil fuels in ways that minimize depletion and cause no serious environmental damage.
Prevent harm as the best method of environmental protection and, when knowledge is limited, apply a precautionary approach.
Take action to avoid the possibility of serious or irreversible environmental harm even when scientific knowledge is incomplete or inconclusive.
Place the burden of proof on those who argue that a proposed activity will not cause significant harm, and make the responsible parties liable for environmental harm.
Ensure that decision making addresses the cumulative, long-term, indirect, long-distance, and global consequences of human activities.
Prevent pollution of any part of the environment and allow no build-up of radioactive, toxic, or other hazardous substances.
Avoid military activities damaging to the environment.
Adopt patterns of production, consumption, and reproduction that safeguard Earth's regenerative capacities, human rights, and community well-being.
Reduce, reuse, and recycle the materials used in production and consumption systems, and ensure that residual waste can be assimilated by ecological systems.
Act with restraint and efficiency when using energy, and rely increasingly on renewable energy sources such as solar and wind.
Promote the development, adoption, and equitable transfer of environmentally sound technologies.
Internalize the full environmental and social costs of goods and services in the selling price, and enable consumers to identify products that meet the highest social and environmental standards.
Ensure universal access to health care that fosters reproductive health and responsible reproduction.
Adopt lifestyles that emphasize the quality of life and material sufficiency in a finite world.
Advance the study of ecological sustainability and promote the open exchange and wide application of the knowledge acquired.
Support international scientific and technical cooperation on sustainability, with special attention to the needs of developing nations.
Recognize and preserve traditional knowledge and spiritual wisdom in all cultures that contribute to environmental protection and human well-being.
Ensure that information of vital importance to human health and environmental protection, including genetic information, remains available in the public domain.
Social and Economic Justice
Eradicate poverty as an ethical, social, and environmental imperative.
Guarantee the right to potable water, clean air, food security, uncontaminated soil, shelter, and safe sanitation, allocating the national and international resources required.
Empower every human being with the education and resources to secure a sustainable livelihood, and provide social security and safety nets for those who are unable to support themselves.
Recognize the ignored, protect the vulnerable, serve those who suffer, and enable them to develop their capacities and to pursue their aspirations.
Ensure that economic activities and institutions at all levels promote human development in an equitable and sustainable manner.
Promote the equitable distribution of wealth within nations and among nations.
Enhance the intellectual, financial, technical, and social resources of developing nations, and relieve them of onerous international debt.
Ensure that all trade supports sustainable resource use, environmental protection, and progressive labor standards.
Require multinational corporations and international financial organizations to act transparently in the public good, and hold them accountable for the consequences of their activities.
Affirm gender equality and equity as prerequisites to sustainable development and ensure universal access to education, health care, and economic opportunity.
Secure the human rights of women and girls and end all violence against them.
Promote the active participation of women in all aspects of economic, political, civil, social, and cultural life as full and equal partners, decision-makers, leaders, and beneficiaries.
Strengthen families and ensure the safety and loving nurture of all family members.
Uphold the right of all, without discrimination, to a natural and social environment supportive of human dignity, bodily health, and spiritual well-being, with special attention to the rights of indigenous peoples and minorities.
Eliminate discrimination in all its forms, such as that based on race, color, sex, sexual orientation, religion, language, and national, ethnic, or social origin.
Affirm the right of indigenous peoples to their spirituality, knowledge, lands, and resources and to their related practice of sustainable livelihoods.
Honor and support the young people of our communities, enabling them to fulfill their essential role in creating sustainable societies.
Protect and restore outstanding places of cultural and spiritual significance.
Democracy, Non-Violence, and Peace
Strengthen democratic institutions at all levels, and provide transparency and accountability in governance, inclusive participation in decision making, and access to justice.
Uphold the right of everyone to receive clear and timely information on environmental matters and all development plans and activities which are likely to affect them or in which they have an interest.
Support local, regional, and global civil society, and promote the meaningful participation of all interested individuals and organizations in decision making.
Protect the rights to freedom of opinion, expression, peaceful assembly, association, and dissent.
Institute effective and efficient access to administrative and independent judicial procedures, including remedies and redress for environmental harm and the threat of such harm.
Eliminate corruption in all public and private institutions.
Strengthen local communities, enabling them to care for their environments, and assign environmental responsibilities to the levels of government where they can be carried out most effectively.
Integrate into formal education and life-long learning the knowledge, values, and skills needed for a sustainable way of life.
Provide all, especially children and youth, with educational opportunities that empower them to contribute actively to sustainable development.
Promote the contribution of the arts and humanities as well as the sciences in sustainability education.
Enhance the role of the mass media in raising awareness of ecological and social challenges.
Recognize the importance of moral and spiritual education for sustainable living.
Treat all living beings with respect and consideration.
Prevent cruelty to animals kept in human societies and protect them from suffering.
Protect wild animals from methods of hunting, trapping, and fishing that cause extreme, prolonged, or avoidable suffering.
Avoid or eliminate to the full extent possible the taking or destruction of non-targeted species.
Promote a culture of tolerance, nonviolence, and peace.
Encourage and support mutual understanding, solidarity, and cooperation among all peoples and within and among nations.
Implement comprehensive strategies to prevent violent conflict and use collaborative problem solving to manage and resolve environmental conflicts and other disputes.
Demilitarize national security systems to the level of a non-provocative defense posture, and convert military resources to peaceful purposes, including ecological restoration.
Eliminate nuclear, biological, and toxic weapons and other weapons of mass destruction.
Ensure that the use of orbital and outer space supports environmental protection and peace.
Recognize that peace is the wholeness created by right relationships with oneself, other persons, other cultures, other life, Earth, and the larger whole of which all are part.
On the earth charter website, the earth charter is available for download in different languages. There are also a number of other educational materials available to all who wish to share its message.
Visit the Earth Charter Initiative online at https://earthcharter.org/
Get involved https://earthcharter.org/get-involved/https://earthcharter.org/get-involved/
Educational Ressources https://earthcharter.org/education-sustainable-development/
Climate Change – what can we do?
by Kat Morgenstern | Aug 15, 2020 | Green Living
"The climate emergency is THE defining issue of our times."
It is the beginning of August, the time of ripening fruits. The year is progressing rapidly and the sun is already past its peak. It has been a stormy first half of the year with weather extremes throughout the world. Temperatures nearing 40°C which in my neck of the woods is unheard of, especially this early in the season. July and August can always bring swelteringly hot days, but this appears to be a new kind of normal. We urgently need to rethink the squandering of our planetary resources and what can be done to address this burning issue.
Climate Grief
As the intensifying seriousness of the situation is burning into my skin I find myself cycling through the stages of grief. Denial is no longer possible. Some days, I am overcome with grief and inconsolable sadness. I long for a state of reliable normalcy but know in my heart that nostalgia is futile.
Some days, I am almost numb with shock and disbelief. The seemingly wilful destruction of our beloved home planet is simply incomprehensible.
Some days, I just get angry as hell.
But, deep within me, there is still a beacon of reason reminding me that these feelings are the drivers of change, that the way forward starts exactly right here, where I stand. All I have to do is to take a step outside of the 'normal' complacency of my comfort zone. All I have to do is to challenge myself with questions about the changes I want to see in the world. What can I do to make a difference in my own life and in my immediate social surroundings? Such questions empower me and transform sadness, frustration, and anger into determination – powerful energy for change.
We each are the 'gardeners' of our worlds and choose, at each step of the way, the seeds we want to grow and that there will be to harvest when the season comes. Instead of just concerning ourselves with fulfilling only the short-term demands or temptations, perhaps it would be a good idea to take the long-range view and ask ourselves that crucial question: how do we want to shape the world? What will be the fruits of our action or inaction? What will we harvest, when the time comes? And what kind of environment and seed store will we leave for our children and children's children?
Our time here on this planet is short but our effect on the lives of future generations is huge.
In Norse mythology, Mid-summer inaugurates the time when the fiery God Lugh takes over from the bouncy Bel.
Bel warms the earth and quickens the seeds, Lugh ripens the corn and sweetens the fruits. But Lugh can also bring almighty thunderstorms and heavy monsoon-like rains. In recent years these phenomena are spinning out of control at alarming rates.
To be sure, even in the past, August could bring short but intense rains that refreshed the land. Maybe even an occasional hail storm, which farmers feared, but rarely did it bring complete devastation. Nowadays, hail comes in the shape of ping-pong balls, destroying crops in a matter of minutes. The amount of rain that normally falls over the course of a month now often deluges towns in just a few hours. Cities are flooded and little streams turn into raging rivers at very short notice. New weather records are broken every year. We can't deny it – climate change is here.
We have seen it coming, yet few have been ready and willing to act. People are looking for guidance from authorities, but that is in short supply. Given that politicians are in office for only a short period of time, their priorities lie with short-term goals. Bureaucracy is slow to change and unpopular messages reduce the chances of being re-elected. Fear may help to sell even the most unpopular draconian policies, but it is not a useful tool for attracting votes.
People want simple answers to our woes. Unfortunately, there are no simple answers to climate change. It is a hugely complex and new phenomenon that we are only just beginning to understand fully.
It seems, without guidance from 'above,' we must find ways to help ourselves.
So, what can we do?
Perhaps it is time to reflect on what has helped us to get this far on our evolutionary journey.
Human beings are nothing if not curious and what has helped us the most is our keen sense of observation and experimentation. Observing the phenomena that are happening around us and paying close attention to what works and what does not. The task seems daunting. There are so many fires, so many issues that are screaming for attention. Whole ecosystems are affected by the changes that are taking place. How can we possibly address them all at once?
The world around us is a system. Whatever we do, the effects are never isolated but will affect the whole. The crucial aspect to realize is that WE ARE ALSO A PART OF THAT SYSTEM! Therefore, whatever we do in the world out there also has repercussions on US.
That realization can be even more depressing. But it shouldn't be, because it also is the key! It is the key to understanding that we must start with ourselves and all that we do. We may not be able to fix the whole world by ourselves, but we can each fix our own world by taking responsibility for our lives and our actions. We can start by reflecting on how our own habits affect the world and make changes to minimize that impact
Some habits and practices are harder to change than others, but we each can start somewhere!
There are things that we can do
The most important thing all of us need to do right now is to bring climate change into the conversation. If possible, group together with friends, family, and your community specifically to discuss how you have been affected and what, as a group, you may be able to do about it. A group can always achieve more than any one individual. Skills, know-how, and tools can be sourced and shared. Instead of feeling like a lone soldier fighting a losing battle you can tackle issues together, support each other and empower one another in doing so.
Encourage your community to plant more trees, and if you have the means and space, plant some yourself. According to a recent report, trees are the single most effective way to combat the rise of CO2. Even communities in poor countries, such as Ethiopia and India, have embarked on massive tree-planting campaigns. They are literally planting MILLIONS of trees. To optimize such an effort it makes sense to plant a variety of species and not just one fast-growing type. Diversity will build resilience as different trees react differently to various climate conditions.
Trees not only function as massive CO2 sinks, but they also create shade for other, more sensitive species, and help to conserve water by creating shade. Trees are also a vital component in the water cycle that regulates our climate. They are absolutely key to almost any ecosystem. They clean the air and produce oxygen, which we all need to breathe. Air pollution is currently one of the biggest environmental health hazards, according to a WHO report. It claims the lives of some 4.2 million people each year.
Extra kudos if you can plant trees with edible fruits and nuts that can provide food for people and wildlife.
A lot of water is simply wasted – not just on sometimes obsessive hygiene routines but also because it just gets drained into the canalization. In places where the water system is not well developed, some of it may drain directly into streams or rivers, adding to the pollution.
Most people won't have the opportunity to build a compost toilet in their back yards or find ways to easily separate grey water from solid waste. However, you may be able to save some greywater from the sink and 'donate' it right to your garden. But, make sure that you are using biodegradable detergents, otherwise, the toxic substances can build up in the soil.
An easier way to conserve water is to collect it from the drain pipe. Instead of letting it wash down the drain, divert it into a tank or water barrel to be used for watering the garden. Make sure the container is covered, otherwise you will provide a breeding ground for mosquitoes.
Gardens are notoriously thirsty. This is especially true of lawns and vegetables. A good way to help conserve water is to mulch your veggies. Irrigating plants with a slow trickle watering system may also work well. Take a container (some people use plastic bottles but un-fired earthenware is better) and puncture several times to make some small holes. Dig a hole in the veggie plot and submerge the container so that it is level with the ground, fill it up with water and cover with a stopper. That way water continuously seeps into the ground. If your garden is large and you can dig in several such containers this is a good way to reduce the time and effort it takes to water.
Another good way to save water is to abandon the idea of a perfectly manicured English lawn. Instead, aim at a perfect wildflower meadow or plant more fruit trees or veggies. Or consider replacing your water thirsty turf with a more water conservative variety, which is now offered at garden stores (e.g. Bluestem Enviro-Turf). Fleur de lawn includes low growing herb species such as white clover that fixes nitrogen in the soil and provides nectar for bees.
The earth is covered by a thin layer of fertile soil. Due to erosion, this layer is continuously reduced. Farmers have to add tons of fertilizer, most of it inorganic, in order to sustain their yields. Heavy machinery further destroys the soil structure and compacts the soil. The negative effects of this type of farming practice are cumulative and turn into a vicious cycle. The only way to break this downward spiral is to change the way we look at the soil.
We derisively call it dirt and regard it as a rather lowly element. Yet, even a couple of handfuls of soil contain more micro-organisms than there are humans on earth. The soil is alive and constantly working to make this planet habitable for 'higher' species. The micro-organisms do this by breaking down organic materials that plants can assimilate. They also aerate the soil so that rain can penetrate the deeper layers instead of just running off the hard, impenetrable surface. But micro-organisms need one thing to do their job: organic material on which they can work their transformative magic.
This is where compost comes into the picture. Compost is what your organic waste turns into when it is broken down by worms and other creatures that live in the soil. Some may think that composting is gross. But what is truly gross is to dump organic and inorganic waste all together into a bin which eventually ends up as toxic sludge in a landfill. By composting your organic materials and using it in your garden you will actually improve the fertility and soil structure of your plot, which not only helps it to retain more moisture but will also make your veggies more nutritious.
There are many other measures we can take to make a difference. Some may need a bit of organizational effort: carpooling for school or shopping runs, or forming buyers co-ops so as to make high quality, organic foods more easily and more cheaply available in low-income neighborhoods. Others may require an investment that will actually save money over time. such as exchanging energy-hungry appliances for more efficient ones or installing solar panels or wind power generators.
The climate emergency is THE defining issue of our time. It does seem daunting – almost too big to even contemplate. But once we stop to think about our own behaviors and habits and what we individually can do to make a difference, we realize that many little steps can eventually bring about the change we so desperately want and need.
Collectively changing our consumer habits and voting with our conscience will eventually ring the bell at the government level. We must make it clear that we do not want to go down the road of certain planetary destruction. In democratic countries, governments depend on our approval and cooperation – and that is where our power lies.
What to sow in January
If you are one of those impatient gardeners (like me), who are itching to get going with the garden year, you'll be wondering what you could possibly grow this early in the season. In the northern hemisphere, January is one of the coldest months of the year. But don't despair! There are actually a few things that you can sow, even as early as January. But of course, not out in the open while temperatures drop below freezing.
There are ways around that limitation though – like, discover a new use for your window sill, or you can make a cold frame – or maybe you are the proud owner of a greenhouse or poly-tunnel.
Here are some veggies you can sow (indoors or under glass) at the end of January (about 4 weeks before the last expected frost):
There are many different varieties, so pick one that is hardy in your area. Lettuce prefers cooler weather. Once it gets too warm it will quickly bolt.
There are purple and green varieties. The purple one is a bit more flavourful. Kohlrabi is pretty tough and winter kohlrabi can stay in the bed until needed. Summer kohlrabi should be started under glass, but need the cold temperature to trigger germination. They should be hardened off before transplanting them outside. Remember, though, that like other members of the cabbage family, kohlrabi does not like the company of other crucifers in its neighborhood.
These crunchy, peppery fellows are a lovely early spring crop since they are very tolerant and are quick to grow. Best to sow in intervals, every 2 weeks to optimize the harvest. But make sure you pick a spring variety as radishes are daylight sensitive.
Pick open-pollinated heirloom varieties so you can save your own seeds for the next growing season.
Before they can go out into the regular bed they should be hardened off. Don't plant them out as long as temperatures fall below zero. The ideal temperature range is
Topiaria gaudium fever
Have you heard? There is a strange fever going around. Strangely, it only affects gardeners. I call it 'Topiaria Gaudium Fever'. It is a special condition marked by high levels of excitement caused by the anticipation of the new gardening season. Round about now you can find gardeners up and down the land working up a sweat as they are feverishly studying long lists that look like pages of the phone book (phonebook? Who the hell still uses these?) It is impossible to catch their attention. Their eyes glazed over, they are almost drooling with febrile excitement as they utter strange sounds and incomprehensible words that make no sense to most other mortals.
It is an annual condition and immunity does not seem to build up over time. Despite the fact that the land is buried under a thick layer of snow, gardeners are getting excited about future possibilities, exotic varieties, rare beauties, and even over bog-standard varieties of garlic or potato. They are not the same, you see. There is a world of difference between a Butte Russet and Russian Banana, wouldn't you know?!
Our gardening friends are studying their seed catalogs and they can agonize over such lists for days. With so many varieties, what should one choose? Which variety is best suited to their specific climate and will it get on with the neighbors? Decisions, decisions…
What pains them are all the seeds that they have to say 'no' to for lack of space or adverse climatic factors. And yet, it is amazing how much even a relatively small area will give you if you know how to make the most of the available space.
A good plan is half the work
Garden planning is the 'unseen' work of the gardener, but if you want success, it is one of the most important stages. A good plan is half the work. And it is such fun, too! Skilled gardeners optimize the available space by intercropping, companion planting and vertical gardening. That way you can make the most of each season. Some early crops, like spinach, peas, rocket or radishes are ready to harvest before the main summer crops just get going. But timing is everything, so you have to be on the ball!
'Intercropping' means to grow several crops together or in close proximity. But planting willy-nilly won't do. Some plants compete more than others and some need a lot of space once they get beyond the seedling stage. Ideally, you should aim to grow plants together that don't go after each other's resources, both in terms of space and in terms of nutrients. In horticulture, this practice is also known as 'companion planting' and you can actually grow a lot of different veggies all in the same bed as long as you give them enough space.
In colder climates, it is important to start seeds off early, indoors, to give them a head start. By the time it gets warm enough for them to go out they will be strong little plants. But starting them off too early can also be problematic. Every window sill eventually runs out of space. And also, some plants have a tendency to get dangly if they are kept indoors for too long. Instead of growing strong, they grow feeble. Thus, studying the seed catalogs, which provide information about the optimal growing conditions, planting and harvesting times, is time well spent. If you limit yourself to those varieties that are hardy in your climate and can withstand the odd weather adversity, you are doing great!
To visualize what your garden will look like, and to get an idea of what needs to be done at which time of the year gives you a huge head start. You will be reward with a steady harvest for the most part of the year.
P.S. And while you are contemplating seeds, think about the bees and the butterflies as well. Use open-pollinated seeds and don't forget to put some out for the birds!
Eager to find out what you could sow this month? Check out 'What to sow in January'.
Welcome to the Sacred Earth website!
Hi there! Thanks for stopping by! My name is Kat Morgenstern, and I am delighted that you have found your way here!
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Andrew Wagner Andrew Wagner
https://www.pbs.org/newshour/science/google-street-view-can-now-map-invisible-gas-leaks-city
Google Street View can now map invisible gas leaks in your city
Science Mar 23, 2017 3:21 PM EST
We encounter natural gas every day. For many Americans, it lights oven fires to make breakfast in the morning and to provide heat at night. But this reliance comes with an invisible network of pipes under our feet, and those pipes come with invisible leaks in residential areas. These leaks, in addition to creating dangerous pockets of flammable gas, also release large amounts of methane, a major contributor to the greenhouse gas effect.
Current methods of locating gas leaks take a lot of time and resources, but scientists may have devised a better way of pinpointing these trouble zones: Google Maps.
Ecologists at Colorado State University outfitted Google's fleet of Street View cars with special methane detectors. As the cars snapped pictures of cities, they also collected street by street data on the amount of methane in the vicinity.
These electronic bloodhounds roamed the streets of five places in the country: Boston, Indianapolis, Syracuse, New York, Burlington, Vermont, and the Staten Island borough of New York City. Boston, Syracuse and Staten Island topped the charts due to antique pipe systems.
"The cities that were leakier, their systems were comprised of older materials." said Colorado State University ecologist Joe von Fischer, who led the project published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology. "Some of these pipelines were from the late-1800s!"
The researchers did run into some trouble during the project's development because many city buses run off of natural gas. Get too close to one, and the methane detectors get muddled. To bypass the problem, the team repeated the tests in locations where the readings were highest — to control for any tailgating that may have occurred.
Google offers use of its digital cartography resources to nonprofits through the Google Earth Outreach program. Previous examples of this include the Jane Goodall Foundation using software to raise awareness of deforestation, and the Living Oceans Society to help monitor the coastline of British Columbia.
Pipeline replacement programs could use this new method of locating gas leaks to target problem areas with extreme precision. By doing so, cities and customers could save money on utilities and remove a major source of greenhouse gas. The scientists estimated that if the largest 8 percent of leaks were repaired, than it could reduce methane emissions in these cities by 30 percent.
"If you look at the total amounts of methane and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, you can see that the contribution of methane is about half that of CO2 [carbon dioxide]," said Steven Wofsy, a geologist at Harvard University, who was not involved in the study. "This is a wonderful tool to help improve the gas distribution system."
Full data of the cities surveyed can be found on the website of the Environmental Defense Fund.
"We have the potential to really learn more about environmental quality in places where people really live and understand the air in these locations." von Fischer said.
Left: A Google Street View car is driven in Sundsvall, northern Sweden September 13, 2011. Street View, which enables users of Google Maps to view photos of streets as well, has been around since 2007 -- sending its cars out to take photos of city streets -- and covers about 30 countries. Photo by Fabrizio Bensch/Reuters

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Ezio Radaelli (1924-2005) – personaggio televisivo e impresario italiano
 Franco Radaelli (1935-2016) – calciatore italiano
 Giuseppe Radaelli (1932) – ex calciatore italiano
 Ippolito Radaelli (1883-1964) – militare e avvocato italiano
 Mauro Radaelli (1967) – ex ciclista su strada italiano
 Orfeo Radaelli (1901 – ...) – calciatore italiano

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Angular 5 یک فریمورک ساختاری برای ایجاد اپلیکیشن های وب پویا است. با استفاده از Angular 5، Angular CLI، Bootstrap 4 و Firebase یک اپلیکیشن چت Realtime ایجاد کنید. در این دوره با ایجاد صفحات جدید، پیاده سازی مسیریابی، احراز هویت، کار بر روی تنظیم یک حساب جدید Firebase و ادغام Firebase Backend در اپلیکیشن Angular 5، استفاده از الگوی Reactive، پیاده سازی Observables برای افزودن توانایی Realtime در اپلیکیشن چت، ایجاد realtime chat room، ایجاد صفحات مشخصات کاربر، پیاده سازی یک موتور جستجو برای کاربران و یادگیری نحوه ارسال پیام های مستقیم به کاربران و غیره آشنا می شوید. پایان این دوره، شما قادر خواهید بود یک برنامه چت کامل بدون محدودیت زمانی را با استفاده از Angular 5 و Firebase ایجاد کنید و آن را در AWS استقرار کنید تا دنیا بتواند آن را ببیند.
Building a Realtime Chat Application with Angular 5 and Firebase [Video]Publisher: PacktpubAuthor: Brice AyresDuration: 3 hours and 55 minutesLink:https://www.packtpub.com/application-development/building-realtime-chat-application-angular-and-firebase-videoBuild, launch and deploy your very own realtime chat application with authentication, using Angular 5, Bootstrap 4 and a Firebase backend.
Angular 5 is a structural framework for building dynamic web applications. If you're facing a challenge in building robust and efficient web applications with Angular 5, then look no further as this video course will enable you to get to grips with Angular 5 by enabling you to build a realtime chat application using Angular 5, Angular CLI, Bootstrap 4 and Firebase. Initially, you will quickly scaffold a new Angular application using Angular CLI and then, you'll add Bootstrap 4 and a few other dependencies to build your application rapidly. On your journey, you will create new pages, implement routing, authentication and more. Next, you'll work on setting up a new Firebase account and integrating the Firebase backend into your Angular 5 application. As you progress further, you will make use of a Reactive pattern and implement Observables to add realtime capabilities to your chat application. In addition to building a realtime chat room, you will also build user profile pages; implement a search engine for users and learn how to the send direct messages to users. Towards the end of this course, you will be able to build a fully featured realtime chat application using Angular 5 and Firebase and deploy it to AWS so that the world can see it. You will get started with Angular 5, understand how to apply it, and build some of the most robust, efficient and dynamic applications with Angular 5. After completing this course, you will likely find creative ways to apply it to your work.
The best way to learn is by doing. Therefore, this course will walk you through building a real world application,in a step-by-step manner. The exact steps taken in this course could be repeated to build and deploy your own realtime chat application.


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City of Bloomington, Indiana
Mayor John Hamilton
Information & Guides Information City Government Government News & Events News Top Services Services
Getting Around Bloomington Parking Services
Contractor & All-zone Service Permits
Contractor/Construction Permit
A contractor/construction parking permit allows for parking on a street to any person who, in the ordinary course of trade or business, is engaged in the construction, reconstruction, remodeling, servicing, maintenance or repair of buildings or other structures.
All-zone Service Permits
An all-zone service permit allows landlords, property managers and qualified service companies, to park in any of the residential zones while employees are performing work in that zone.
Download Contractor/Construction Permit Application
Download All-zone Service Permit Application
(a) Upon approval of an application, the parking services director, or his or her designee, may issue a temporary parking permit to allow for parking on a street to any person who, in the ordinary course of trade or business, is engaged in the construction, reconstruction, remodeling, servicing, maintenance or repair of buildings or other structures. A separate permit shall be required for each parking space needed for any vehicle, dumpster, moving pod, equipment or staging. Said permit shall be for a limited period of time at a specifically designated site.
(b) The permit shall allow parking within the limited parking zones designated in Schedule N, the on-street metered parking zones designated in Schedule U, or the residential neighborhood permit parking zones designated in the Bloomington Municipal Code Chapter 15.37 while performing the work described above.
(c) A contractor/construction parking permit issued under the authority of this section shall exempt permit holders from prohibitions listed in Bloomington Municipal Code Section 15.32.070.
(d) Fee. The cost for a contractor/construction parking permit shall be the hourly parking rate per vehicle parking space for each hour reserved by the permit. Beginning January 1, 2019, the fee for a contractor/construction parking permit shall be the greater of the hourly parking rate for each hour reserved by the permit or $20.00 per day per vehicle parking space for parking spaces reserved by the permit.
(e) Administrative Fee. An administrative fee of $10.00 per permit applicant shall be levied at the issuance of a permit to offset the cost of implementing, enforcing and administering the provisions of this section.
(f) For permits lasting up to fourteen days, the parking services director, or his or her designee, must approve the application. For permits exceeding fourteen days, the board of public works must approve the application.
(g) The parking services director or his or her designee may deny an application for a permit or under this section upon a determination that:
(1) The applicant has failed to supply any of the information required on an application or requested by the parking services director;
(2) The applicant has provided false information or misrepresented a material fact in connection with an application; or
(3) The applicant has failed to pay the required permit fee.
(h) The parking services director may revoke a permit issued under this section if:
(1) The permittee fails to meet the qualifications required of an applicant;
(2) The permittee obtained the permit by fraud or misrepresentation; or
(3) The permittee violates any provision of this chapter.
(i) An applicant who applies for a permit under this section may appeal an adverse ruling by the parking services director, or his or her designee, to the city's board of public works. Any such appeal must be made in writing and must be filed with the board of public works no later than ten working days from the date of the adverse ruling.
All-zone Service Permit
(a) Eligibility. Landlords and property managers registered with the city will be allowed to purchase one permit for every ten units or properties within the residential zones. Landlords and property managers with fewer than twenty units will be allowed a maximum of two permits. Realty companies who show property in the residential zones will be allowed a maximum of one all-zone permit per ten realtors employed by the company. Properly registered and verified service companies will be allowed a maximum of two permits per company. The parking services director, or his or her designee, may issue additional permits to employers who could not otherwise reasonably operate under the residential neighborhood zone permit system.
(b) Fee. The annual fee of an all-zone permit prior to August 15, 2019 is $50. The annual fee beginning August 15, 2019 is $103. An all-zone permit is valid for one year from the date of purchase.
(c) The parking services director or his or her designee may deny an application for a permit under this section upon a determination that:
(d) The parking services director may revoke a permit issued under this section if:
(e) An applicant who applies for a permit under this section may appeal an adverse ruling by the parking services director, or his or her designee, to the city's board of public works. Any such appeal must be made in writing and must be filed with the board of public works no later than ten working days from the date of the adverse ruling.
401 N Morton St Bloomington IN 47404
City Jobs Subscribe to email lists Web Policy Report A Problem City Intranet Home Login


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Dawn, Dry, A few clouds Temperature: 3.4°F /hr Humidity: 81% Dew Point: -1.1 Wind: WSW 0.2 mph Gust: 2.0 mph Pressure: 30.498 inHg Steady Rain Today: 0.00 in UV-index: 0.0 None
« Thanksgiving weekend weather to start chilly and blustery, then warm up and calm down
Sun and slightly warmer than normal temps for Monday, snow arrives tonight »
November 27 to December 3: This Week in Denver Weather History
Sunday, November 27th, 2022 4:43pm MST
Cold, snow and wind are the dominant conditions we see in our look back at this week in Denver weather history. All three are common this time of year and extremes with those conditions seem to be unusually common as well.
Among the highlights are numerous high wind events that not only caused damage but also injury to unprepared residents. Significant snowfall also appears many times including a storm in 1983 that shut down the city for the Thanksgiving weekend and left snow on the ground for 63 days.
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In 1978…heavy snowfall of 6.0 inches was measured at Stapleton International Airport where north winds gusted to 20 mph. Most of the snow…4.8 inches…fell on the 25th. The greatest amount of snow measured on the ground was 5 inches due to settling and melting.
In 1952…the average coldest 4-day period in November in the previous 81 years of record occurred. Maximum temperatures of 19…15…21…and 25 degrees were recorded. Minimum temperatures were below zero each day with readings of 7 below…6 below…5 below…and 6 below.
In 1985…dense fog with visibilities as low as 1/8 mile occurred on five consecutive days at Stapleton International Airport. The fog was at times accompanied by light snow… Light freezing drizzle…or ice crystals. Fog occurred all day on both the 26th and 29th.
In 1876…heavy snowfall totaled 9.0 inches over the city from 5:00 pm on the 26th through 5:00 p.m. on the 27th. Precipitation was 0.30 inch on the 25th and 0.60 inch on the 27th.
In 1919…an incursion of cold arctic air produced snowfall of 4.6 inches over downtown Denver. Temperatures dipped to 5 degrees below zero on the evening of the 26th and recovered to a high of only 1 degree below zero on the 27th…the all-time record low maximum for the month of November and the record for the date. Northwest winds were sustained to 25 mph with gusts to 26 mph on the 26th.
In 1923…snowfall of 2.0 inches was the only snow of the month. North winds were sustained to 22 mph on the 26th.
In 1972…heavy snowfall totaled 7.5 inches at Stapleton International Airport where north winds gusted to only 18 mph on the 27th.
In 1983…a Thanksgiving blizzard dumped 21.5 inches of snowfall in 37 hours with a maximum of 18 inches on the ground at Stapleton International Airport. The storm produced howling winds…which paralyzed Thanksgiving weekend transportation across all of eastern Colorado. On the 27th…Stapleton International Airport closed… Opening 24 hours later. Interstate highways were closed in all directions…but west…from Denver. At Stapleton International Airport…north winds gusted to 36 mph on the 26th and to 29 mph on the 27th. However…most wind speeds across metro Denver were 15 to 30 mph. Temperatures hovered in the teens and lower 20's. Many stores and businesses closed. Several high school football games were postponed. Across metro Denver…snow depth varied from 15 inches in Commerce City to 28 inches near Chatfield Reservoir. Snow removal in Denver was estimated at 1.5 million dollars. Following the storm… An inch or more of snow remained on the ground for 63 consecutive days through January 27…1984. This is the longest period of continuous snow cover ever recorded in Denver.
In 1990…an early winter storm deposited 2 to 8 inches of wet snow across metro Denver. Snowfall totaled 3.4 inches at Stapleton International Airport where northeast winds gusted to 30 mph on the 26th.
In 1993…strong winds swept off the foothills across metro Denver. Sustained winds of 30 to 50 mph were common across the area. Wind gusts to 67 mph were recorded atop Squaw Mountain near Idaho Springs. West winds gusted to 36 mph at Stapleton International Airport on the 26th. The strong winds produced some blowing snow…reducing the visibility to less than one mile at times.
In 1995…snowfall totaled 3.7 inches at the former Stapleton International Airport site. The foothills west of Denver received 4 to 7 inches of snow. North-northeast winds gusted to 34 mph at Denver International Airport on the 26th.
In 1965…strong winds buffeted Boulder…causing 11 thousand dollars in damage. Wind gusts to 75 mph were recorded downtown. West winds gusted to 38 mph at Stapleton International Airport.
In 1994…winds gusted to 87 mph atop Squaw Mountain…5 miles south of Idaho Springs…and to 84 mph on Fritz Peak near Rollinsville in the foothills southwest of Boulder. Northwest winds gusted to 40 mph at Stapleton International Airport.
In 2017…The maximum temperature for Denver reached 81 degrees which was 34 degrees above the normal high of 47 degrees. This difference between the actual high and the normal high was the second largest ever recorded for Denver. The only larger difference occurred on Dec 5…1939 when Denver was 35 degrees above normal. It also established a new record for the latest 80 degree day for the calendar year in Denver… breaking the previous date by 11 days.
In 1884…a windstorm during the afternoon produced northwest sustained winds to 46 mph. Two wooden slats were blown out of the weather instrument shelter…and nearly all of the slats on the north and west sides were loosened.
In 1898…northwest winds were sustained to 50 mph with gusts as high as 80 mph.
In 1902…northwest winds were sustained to 40 mph with gusts to 48 mph. The strong apparent Bora winds warmed the temperature to a high of only 40 degrees.
In 1904…northwest winds sustained to 44 mph with gusts to 58 mph warmed the temperature to a high of 58 degrees.
In 1927…strong west winds occurred in Boulder…causing widespread minor damage. A wind gust to 65 mph was recorded at Valmont east of Boulder. The west winds possibly produced a cyclonic twist.
In 1928…heavy snowfall totaled 7.0 inches over downtown Denver.
In 1957…a vigorous cold front produced north-northeast wind gusts to 54 mph at Stapleton Airport. Light snow following the front totaled only 0.2 inch.
In 1970…strong Chinook winds reached 77 mph in downtown Boulder.
In 1978…wind gusts 60 to 90 mph were reported in and near the foothills.
In 1984…high winds of 60 to 80 mph occurred along the Front Range eastern foothills.
In Boulder…the high winds blew the roof off a service station. Several trees were felled… Damaging some cars. An elderly woman was injured when she was knocked down by a wind gust and blown 20 feet into some bushes. Northwest winds gusted to 36 mph at Stapleton International Airport.
In 1994…winds gusted to 72 mph in Boulder. No damage was reported. Northwest winds gusted to 35 mph at Stapleton International Airport.
In 1908…heavy snowfall overnight and for most of the day on the 29th totaled 12.5 inches. Precipitation was 1.09 inches. Northwest winds were sustained to 26 mph on the 29th.
In 1928…a major storm dumped 15.5 inches of snowfall on downtown Denver. North winds were sustained to 18 mph with gusts to 19 mph on the 28th.
In 1992…an upper level storm system moved across metro Denver…but left only a dusting of snow. Snowfall totaled only 1.6 inches at Stapleton International Airport where north winds gusted to 25 mph. Other snow amounts included: 8 inches at Conifer…6 inches at Lake Eldora…3 inches at Rollinsville and in southeast Denver.
In 1997…a storm system tracking across northern New Mexico produced strong north to northeast upslope flow against the eastern slopes of the Front Range and Palmer Ridge. Snowfall totals in Jefferson County included: 14 inches near Deckers; 12 inches at Castle Rock and Sedalia; 10 inches near Conifer…11 miles southwest of Morrison…and at Buffalo Creek. Elsewhere…snow accumulations were less. Snowfall totaled only 0.7 inch at the site of the former Stapleton International Airport on the 27th and 28th.
In 2004…heavy snow fell in the foothills and across metro Denver. In the foothills…snowfall totals included: 13 inches at Roxborough State Park and Eldorado Springs… 11.5 inches near Conifer…11.0 inches near Nederland…and 10 inches near Indian Hills. Across metro Denver snowfall totaled 14 inches near Sedalia…9 inches near Louisville… 8 inches at Ralston Reservoir…and 5.1 inches in the Stapleton area of Denver. Northeast winds gusted to 28 mph at Denver International Airport on the 28th.
In 2006…a slow moving storm system brought heavy snow to the mountains and to the eastern foothills where snowfall ranged from 8 to 18 inches. Some of the more impressive snow totals included: 18 inches at Genesee…17.5 inches near Boulder…17 inches at Aspen Springs…16.5 inches 10 miles northwest of Golden…15 inches at Eldorado Springs… 14.5 inches in Idaho Springs and near Jamestown…12 inches in grant and near Indian Hills…11.5 inches near Blackhawk… 11 inches at Gross Reservoir and Eldora…and 10.5 inches in Conifer. Across metro Denver…storm total snowfall generally ranged from 5 to 9 inches with the heaviest amounts near the foothills in Boulder and Jefferson counties. The most impressive totals included: 15.5 inches at Ken Caryl…12 inches in Boulder…7.5 inches near Morrison…and 7 inches near both Chatfield and Ralston reservoirs. Snowfall totaled only 4.2 inches in the Denver Stapleton area. Northeast winds gusted to 31 mph at Denver International Airport on the 28th.
In 1991…a winter storm dumped heavy snow in the foothills and near the palmer divide with 10 inches recorded at Conifer and Golden Gate Canyon…12 inches in Morrison… 6 inches at Castle Rock and Parker. Only 3.4 inches of snow fell at Stapleton International Airport where north winds gusting to 35 mph on the 29th…produced some blowing snow. Some light freezing drizzle also fell on the 28th and 29th.
In 1877…the all-time lowest recorded minimum temperature in the month of November…18 degrees below zero…occurred. The high temperature for the day was 16 degrees.
In 1899…northwest winds were sustained to 51 mph with gusts as high as 60 mph. The Chinook winds warmed the temperature to a maximum of 74 degrees…a record high for the date and the warmest of the month that year. The minimum temperature was only 39 degrees.
In 1927…post-frontal rain changed to snow and totaled 5.8 inches over downtown Denver. Northeast winds were sustained to 22 mph.
In 1977…85 mph winds were reported at Wondervu in the foothills southwest of Boulder. Northwest winds gusted to 39 mph at Stapleton International Airport.
In 1980 strong Chinook winds reached 85 mph in Boulder… Blowing traffic signals and street lights down. Some windows were shattered by the wind. West winds gusted to 37 mph at Stapleton International Airport.
In 1994…high winds blew across the Front Range eastern foothills. Wind gusts to 92 mph occurred atop Squaw Mountain…5 miles south of Idaho Springs…and to 82 mph on Fritz Peak near Rollinsville in the foothills southwest of Boulder. A wind gust to 75 mph was recorded at Jefferson County Airport near Broomfield. Northwest winds gusted to only 35 mph at Stapleton International Airport. No damage was reported.
29-30 in 2008…a storm system produced locally heavy bands of snow across Douglas…Elbert and eastern Jefferson counties. Northerly winds gusting to 50 mph caused snow drifts to pile up to 2 feet in depth. Storm totals included: 12 inches just southwest of Kassler…11.5 inches…6.5 miles southwest of Castle Rock; 11 inches…8.4 miles southeast of Aurora and 9 miles west of Littleton; 10 inches at Louviers… 8 inches…2 miles west-southwest of Highlands Ranch and 5 miles south-southeast of Sedalia…and 7.5 inches…14 miles west-southwest of Agate and at Castle Pines. At Denver International Airport…2 inches of snow was observed. North winds gusted to 46 mph on the 30th.
In 1899…west winds were sustained to 45 mph with gusts as high as 48 mph.
In 1903…west winds sustained to 44 mph with gusts to 54 mph warmed the temperature to a high of 57 degrees.
In 1981…strong winds blasted the foothills. In Wondervu… Winds were clocked to 81 mph with many other locations in the foothills reporting over 60 mph. Northwest winds gusted to 28 mph at Stapleton International Airport.
In 1986…the worst snow storm of the season dumped from 5.0 inches of snow at Stapleton International Airport to 14 inches over the higher southwestern suburbs. On the Sunday after Thanksgiving…one of the busiest travel days of the year at Stapleton International Airport…two of the four runways were closed and flights were delayed up to four hours. Near-blizzard conditions prevailed on the plains east of Denver…closing both I-70 and I-76 for a time. North wind gusts to 36 mph were recorded at Stapleton International Airport.
In 2000…strong winds raked metro Denver. In Thornton…a construction worker was critically injured when the scaffolding on which he was standing collapsed…throwing him 25 feet to the ground. West winds gusted to 54 mph at Denver International Airport.
In 1929…heavy snow blanketed the city. Snowfall totaled 9.8 inches downtown. North winds were sustained to 32 mph with gusts to 37 mph on the 30th.
In 1970…high winds blasted Boulder and the eastern plains. In Boulder…a wind gust to 112 mph was recorded at the National Center for Atmospheric Research with a gust to 96 mph at the National Bureau of Standards. In downtown Boulder…wind gusts reached 76 mph. At Stapleton International Airport…winds gusted to 47 mph. The high winds caused widespread light to moderate property damage across most of metro Denver. Roofs…signs…trees…power lines…and other property were damaged. Blowing dust reduced visibility to near zero over most of eastern Colorado. Several mobile homes…campers…and semi-trailers were blown off the highways north of Denver.
In 1985…an intrusion of cold arctic air into metro Denver resulted in setting 3 temperature records. The temperature climbed to only 17 degrees on the 30th…setting a record low maximum for the date. On the 1st…the temperature plunged to 6 degrees below zero…setting a record low for the date… And warmed to only 7 degrees…setting a record low maximum for the date.
In 1975…very strong Chinook winds up to 100 mph caused damage to homes…aircraft…aircraft hangars…mobile homes… Cars…and power lines along the eastern foothills. Strong northwest winds gusted to 39 mph at Stapleton International Airport on both the 30th and the 1st.
In 1899…northwest Chinook winds were sustained to 47 mph with gusts to 60 mph. The strong Chinook winds warmed the temperature to a high of 61 degrees…the warmest of the month. The low temperature dipped to only 39 degrees.
In 1972…strong Chinook winds gusted in excess of 65 mph in Boulder. There were no reports of damage. Northwest winds gusted to 38 mph at Stapleton International Airport.
In 1992…strong winds continued through the early morning hours. Wind gusts to over 70 mph were measured at reporting sites in the foothills west of Denver. In west Boulder…wind gusts reached 71 mph with 77 mph measured at Rollinsville. At Stapleton International Airport northwest winds gusted to 39 mph. The walker ranch…an historic site west of Boulder…burned down overnight during the high wind event. Although the winds did not cause the fire…they did hamper efforts to extinguish the blaze.
In 1996…high winds howled in and near the Front Range foothills. Winds gusted to 105 mph at Wondervu southwest of Boulder and to 70 mph at Jefferson County Airport near Broomfield. West winds gusted to only 24 mph at Denver International Airport.
In 1933…apparent post-frontal heavy snowfall totaled 8.0 inches across downtown Denver. North winds were sustained to 17 mph with an extreme velocity to 18 mph on the 1st.
In 1981 strong winds gusted to over 70 mph along the foothills. A peak gust to 100 mph was recorded at Wondervu. A gust to 94 mph was recorded just west of Boulder. Roofs on houses were damaged in the Evergreen area…and some mobile homes also were damaged. At Stapleton International Airport…northwest winds gusted 44 mph on the 1st and 37 mph on the 2nd.
In 1913…the 1st marked the start of the heaviest 5-day total snowfall in the city's history. During this period snowfall totaled 45.7 inches. Starting on the 1st…snow fell intermittently for 3 days and accumulated a little over 8 inches. On the 4th and 5th…an additional 37.4 inches of snow fell. At Georgetown in the foothills west of Denver even more snow fell…86 inches over the 5 days with the most…63 inches…on the 4th. In Colorado…snowfall was heavy along the eastern slopes of the mountains from the Palmer Divide north. High winds during the storm caused heavy drifting…which blocked all transportation. Snow cover of an inch or more from the storm persisted for 60 consecutive days from the 1st through January 29…1914. Additional snowfall in December and January prolonged the number of days. This is the third longest period of snow cover on record in the city.
In 1893…northwest winds were sustained to 42 mph with gusts to 46 mph. Snowfall was only 1.4 inches in the city.
In 1895…0.01 inch of melted snow from 0.7 inch of snowfall was the only measurable precipitation of the month in downtown Denver…ranking the month the 3rd driest December on record.
In 1899…post-frontal northeast winds sustained to 44 mph with gusts to 59 mph caused the temperature to plunge from a high of 55 degrees to a low of 15 degrees. Snowfall was only 1.0 inch.
In 1902…apparent post-frontal northwest winds were sustained to 45 mph with gusts to 53 mph. A trace of snow fell.
In 1905…only a trace of snow fell in downtown Denver. This was the only snow and precipitation for the month… Ranking the month the second driest and the second least snowiest December on record.
In 1921…snowfall was 5.5 inches in downtown Denver. Northwest winds were sustained to 24 mph with an extreme velocity of 25 mph.
In 1951…a vigorous pacific cold front produced a northwest wind gust to 51 mph at Stapleton Airport where brief blowing dust was observed.
In 1957…a strong pacific cold front produced northwest wind gusts to 54 mph at Stapleton Airport where the surface visibility was briefly reduced to 1 1/2 miles in blowing dust.
In 1977…high winds in Boulder lifted a warehouse from its foundation and ripped it apart. Wind gusts from 60 to 103 mph toppled and injured a man while walking. Winds were clocked to 104 mph at Nederland…100 mph at Morrison…and 62 mph at Rocky Flats. Northwest winds gusted to 41 mph at Stapleton International Airport.
In 1996…for the second day in a row high winds ripped the Front Range foothills. Winds gusted to 81 mph in Golden Gate Canyon. West-northwest winds gusted to 37 mph at Denver International Airport.
In 2013…high winds developed ahead of an approaching storm system. The strong winds downed several trees around Evergreen. Peak wind gusts included: 79 mph…4 miles west-southwest of Eldorado Springs; 78 mph…3 miles south of Evergreen; 75 mph and the NCAR Mesa Lab; and 69 mph in Longmont.
In 1955…snowfall totaled only 2.9 inches at Stapleton Airport. This was the only measurable snowfall of the month.
In 1973…post-frontal heavy snowfall totaled 7.6 inches at Stapleton International Airport where northeast winds gusting to 37 mph caused some blowing snow.
In 1990…strong downslope winds raked the eastern foothills and most of metro Denver. A wind gust to 87 mph was recorded at Rollinsville with wind gusts to 58 mph in Arvada and 55 mph in Lakewood. West winds gusted to 48 mph at Stapleton International Airport on the 2nd.
In 1997…heavy snow fell in the foothills. Conifer received 10 inches of new snow. Snowfall totaled only 2.4 inches at the site of the former Stapleton International Airport on the 1st…2nd…and 3rd. North winds gusted to 24 mph at Denver International Airport on the 2nd.
In 1909…post-frontal snowfall totaled 6.1 inches in downtown Denver. Most of the snow…5.9 inches…fell between 6:00 pm on the 2nd and 6:00 pm on the 3rd. North winds were sustained to 18 mph on both the 2nd and 3rd.
In 1939…more than 2 weeks of unseasonably warm weather made the month the 3rd warmest on record. Seven daily temperature records were set…including the all time record high temperature for the month of 79 degrees on the 5th. Daytime highs were balmy with 14 days in the 60's and 70's. Low temperatures dipped to freezing or below on only 5 days. The period was dry with only a trace of snow on the 12th.
In 1977…high winds continued in Boulder and were clocked from 74 to 90 mph…causing only minor damage. Northwest winds gusted to 33 mph at Stapleton International Airport where the strong Chinook winds warmed the temperature to a high of 63 degrees.
In 1985…wind gusts to 78 mph were clocked at Table Mesa in Boulder. Winds gusted to 70 mph at Echo Lake west of Denver.
In 2011…Another round of snow developed in and near the Front Range Foothills. The heaviest snowfall occurred in the foothills of Boulder and northern Jefferson Counties. Storm totals included: 13 inches…7 miles southwest of Boulder; 10.5 inches…4 miles east-northeast of Nederland; 10 inches at Genesee; 9.5 inches…4 miles west-northwest of Boulder; 9 inches at Gross Reservoir and 4 miles east of Pinecliffe. Around the Urban Corridor…storm totals ranged from 3 to 8 inches…heaviest in and around Boulder.
In 1968…strong Chinook winds in Boulder gusting to 52 mph downtown caused 7 thousand dollars in damage. Flying debris damaged cars…houses…and other property in Boulder. West winds gusted to 49 mph late on the 3rd and to 45 mph on the 4th at Stapleton International Airport where the temperature climbed to a high of 60 degrees on the 4th.
In 1970…strong winds whistled through Boulder. Sustained winds of 40 mph with gusts to 70 mph were recorded at the National Bureau of Standards in Boulder. Wind gusts to 50 mph occurred in downtown Denver. No damage was reported. On the 3rd…northwest winds gusted to 40 mph at Stapleton International Airport where the Chinook winds warmed the temperature to a high of 66 degrees on the 4th.
In 1999…heavy snow fell over the foothills and metro Denver. The heaviest snowfall occurred in the foothills south of I-70 and near the palmer divide. Snowfall totals included: 25 inches near tiny town; 18 inches at Conifer; 15 inches near Evergreen; 14 inches at Chief Hosa…8 miles west of Castle Rock…and near Blackhawk; 12 inches at pine junction and 8 miles south of Sedalia; 11 inches atop Floyd Hill and in Roxborough; and 10 inches at Castle Rock. Around metro Denver…snowfall totals included: 10 inches at Highlands Ranch…9 inches at Parker…and 8 inches in Aurora and Wheat Ridge. Elsewhere around the metro area…snowfall generally ranged from 3 to 5 inches. Only 3.2 inches of snow fell at the site of the former Stapleton International Airport. North winds gusted to 32 mph at Denver International Airport on the 3rd.
In 2007…high winds developed in and near the Front Range foothills. Peak wind reports included: 88 mph atop Niwot Ridge; 87 mph atop Mines Peak; 80 mph…3 miles southeast of Jamestown; 78 mph at Longmont; 74 mph at Table Mesa. A few power outages occurred in Longmont as broken branches downed power lines. Northwest winds gusted to 38 mph at Denver International Airport on the 4th.
In 2013…a storm system brought heavy snow to parts of the Front Range Foothills. Storm totals included: 12 inches…7 miles west-southwest of Evergreen; 10.5 inches…3 miles north of Bailey; 9.5 inches…3 miles west of Jamestown and 5 miles northeast of Ward; 9 inches in Bailey…8.5 inches… 3 miles north of Conifer.
In 1972…a protracted cold spell held an icy grip on metro Denver when maximum temperatures never reached above freezing for 10 consecutive days from the 3rd through the 12th and minimum temperatures dipped below zero on eleven consecutive days from the 5th through the 15th. Daily low temperature records were set with 15 degrees below zero on the 5th…17 degrees below zero on the 6th… And 18 degrees below zero on the 10th. Daily record low maximum readings were set with 3 degrees on the 6th and 6 degrees on the 9th. The very cold temperatures were caused by 3 to 5 inches of snow cover and a Canadian air mass.
Tags: Colorado Weather History, December Weather, Denver weather, Denver weather history, November weather, Weather History
This entry was posted on Sunday, November 27th, 2022 at 4:43pm MST and is filed under Weather History. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can skip to the end and leave a response. Pinging is currently not allowed.


Hillary Clinton's new book about the 2016 election is harsh on misogyny but ignores the role of race and her own policies.
Former U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton holds up a copy of her new book What Happened at a book signing event at a Barnes and Noble bookstore on September 12th, 2017, in New York City.
A new book by a presidential candidate who won the popular vote but lost the general election is bound to attract attention. But based on some early reviews, not everyone was excited to read Hillary Clinton's account of the 2016 presidential election and her ultimate loss to Donald Trump. Clinton's resulting 464-page book about the election, What Happened, published September 12th, seems tailored to appeal primarily to her fans. Throughout the book Clinton talks about Trump, her infamous emails, and the outside forces of misogyny that played a role in the election.
What Happened begins with Clinton describing what it was like to attend Trump's inauguration on January 20th, 2017. Though some supporters called for her to sit out the inauguration, Clinton sat next to her husband Bill and smiled occasionally at the ceremony. Clinton writes that she felt her presence was necessary for "the peaceful transfer of power" from one president to the next, a sentiment that was shared by former president Barack Obama. Clinton notes that several members of Congress, including Representative John Lewis (D-Georgia), did not attend the inauguration, but Clinton was inspired by her commitment to "tradition." Clinton will later claim to have helped led the woman's revolution in What Happened, but in the first chapter she demonstrates her commitment to maintaining the political status quo.
In rationalizing her attendance at the inauguration despite her own professed uneasiness about it—as well as in subsequently defending her support for the invasion of Iraq and private meetings with bankers during her 2016 campaign—Clinton shows where her loyalties lie, at least according to her book: with the state and the wealthy, not necessarily the majority that she pledged to support in her campaign. (Recall Hillary for America's policy proposal on racial justice, which promised to "build ladders of opportunity for all people.") Despite her acknowledgement that these decisions were politically costly, What Happened spins a narrative that she was the victim of forces beyond her control—including Bernie Sanders, the Russian hack on her emails, and sexism—not one that admits she lost in part due to her own track record and policies.
In interviews surrounding the release of the book, Clinton referred to herself as a "victim" in explicit terms. "I was the victim of a very broad assumption that I was going to win," Clinton said during an interview at Recode's Code Conference in late May. In an earlier interview with veteran journalist Christiane Amanpour, Clinton noted that her book would address the questions of whether or not she was a "victim of misogyny." As she told Amanpour, "It played a role [in the election]." She echoes this claim in the chapter titled "On Being a Woman in Politics," in which Clinton writes: "This has to be said: sexism and misogyny played a role in the 2016 presidential election. Exhibit A is that the flagrantly sexist candidate won."
There is little doubt that misogyny played some part in the presidential campaign. Male commentators suggested Clinton should smile more; she lost a job to a significantly less-qualified man; and poll results from the University of Arkansas' Diane D. Blair Center of Southern Politics & Society found that Trump supporters were more sexist overall than Clinton supporters. But Clinton indeed won the popular vote, securing nearly 2.9 million more votes than Trump, and lost the election based on the rules of the electoral college.
The electoral college has become the target of intense criticism on the center-left twice in the last few decades: first when Al Gore won the popular vote but lost the electoral college vote to George W. Bush in 2000, and again when Clinton met the same fate with Trump. Though Clinton claims misogyny helped lose her the election, the electoral college hasn't historically shown itself to be especially prejudiced against white women in politics (though, of course, it hasn't had much chance to: Clinton was the first female candidate to make it into the general election). It does have a marked history of racism. The electoral college was created by the 1787 Constitutional Convention in part because, in a direct voting system, Northern states would outnumber the South in voters, which could have compromised the legal enslavement of black people. By instituting the electoral college, slavery could be safely preserved.
Race also played an important role in the 2016 election: In terms of voters themselves, Clinton lost the majority of white women, who in 2016 largely voted for Trump; 63 percent of white men did the same. According to an analysis of several studies by The Nation, polling suggests that white votes for Trump were not primarily an issue of misogyny, but one of racism: White people with racist tendencies, men and women, preferred Trump.
Playing up gender while largely ignoring racial injustice and shirking personal accountability is at the heart of the brand of feminism crystallized in Clinton's book. In What Happened, Clinton writes of her decision to approve George W. Bush's Iraq Invasion: "When it comes to my more controversial actions—like giving President Bush the authority to go to war in Iraq—I was far from alone.... Why am I seen as such a divisive figure and, say, Joe Biden and John Kerry aren't?" Here, Clinton implies her gender is to blame for criticism leveraged against her; but Kerry and Biden weren't running for the presidency in 2016, and, in fact, both men have been criticized for their support for the war, just at an earlier date. Instead of addressing the fact that she voted for a very deadly and expensive war, and that this history might have swayed voters, Clinton deflects responsibility.
And while sexism is well addressed in the book, Clinton does little in What Happened to demonstrate that racism was an important issue in the election as well. In chapter eight, Clinton includes an anecdote about meeting the Mothers of the Movement, a group of moms whose black children have been killed by the police, in police custody, or by gun violence. Clinton writes that Lezley McSpadden, the mother of Michael Brown, who was shot and killed by a policeman in 2014 when he was just 18 years old, spoke with her about police brutality, asking "Are we going to see change?" But Clinton's comments on racially motivated police violence are vague. She writes, "Treating everyone with care and respect is especially important for the men and women charged with keeping us all safe," and defends the "bravery," "professionalism," and "integrity" of law enforcement in general for several paragraphs. She notes that law enforcement officers have kept her safe during her life in politics, appearing to pit her own exceptional experience with police as a wealthy, powerful white person against that of black mothers whose children have been killed.
After her loss in the election, Clinton says that she thought about the Mothers of the Movement while "feeling sorry" for herself. "[The Mothers'] courage, their generosity of spirit, their refusal to give up—all of it inspired and motivated me," Clinton wrote. In the same chapter, she explains how "proud" she was that Bill Clinton had "taken on the [National Rifle Association], and won," during his presidency, discussing "the need for communities to respect the police who protect them." Her remarks about the Mothers doesn't quite square with her insistence that police officers "protect" communities. Civil rights activists dispute that police officers always protect communities, given that black people and Latinos are disproportionately killed by the police. Mirroring her rhetoric as a candidate, Clinton attempts to appeal to groups on opposing sides of important issues, failing to take a definitive side.
When Clinton discusses Black Lives Matter, she criticizes particular activists whose methods she didn't care for. Referring to a small group of activists who came to one of her town hall meetings in August of 2015, Clinton claims that they were "more interested in disruption and confrontation than in working together to change policies that perpetuate systemic racism." One of the activists asked that she take responsibility for her role in Bill Clinton's 1994 Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act included a number of measures, such as funding to prevent violence against women, but also eliminating access to higher education for incarcerated people. The Act is also infamous for increasing harsh sentencing practices and providing millions in funding to hire more police officers and build more prisons, which has played a role in America's mass incarceration problem, predominantly affecting people of color.
In response to the protestors, Clinton says the most damaging aspects of the Act were "a tough compromise" with Republicans who demanded certain provisions. She also notes that even her husband has admitted the Act aggravated mass incarceration of black people. In a time when anti-racist activists are calling attention to the historical resistance of white people to black-rights activism, this passage comes off as particularly anachronistic for a self-declared "progressive."
Clinton's fans may find solace in reading about their heroine's perception of her triumphs; in the digs at Sanders (at one point she says he only ran to "disrupt the Democratic party"); and certainly her myriad Trump zingers. But the content of What Happened ignores what indeed won the election for Trump: racism. Had Clinton centered racism and racial injustice in her book, and perhaps especially a discussion of racism as it relates to misogyny, instead of her own feelings that she lost in large part because she's a woman, her book might leave readers with something pressing to consider. Instead, What Happened points the finger away from Clinton, and largely glosses over the role of race.
The director of communications on Hillary Clinton's 2016 campaign talks #MeToo, Stormy Daniels, and post-election America.
The polls weren't (completely) wrong.


Capt Robert Avis JP, OBE, FRIN, RNR, who died on June 12 aged 54, spent a lifetime associated with the sea.
His love for all things nautical was only equalled by his enthusiasm to encourage others to enjoy a safe and happy life afloat.
To many, time spent with the Royal Navy Reserve – where he became Commanding Officer of HMS President, its London Headquarters – would have been enough to fulfil most ambitions.
Robert however was an exception, devoting further time to the community by becoming a Justice of the Peace.
If this was not enough he was also an RYA approved Yachtmaster examiner (Power) and an examiner for the Marine and Coastguard Agency (MCA) where he oversaw tests for those seeking advanced seagoing qualifications. It was this latter capacity that made him a well known figure among the professional yacht charter skippers in Antibes where he arranged MCA higher endorsement exams.
Robert ran his own sea-school together with dedicated radar courses using his own radar simulator. He was also a Marine Consultant, a motorboating columnist and respected feature writer producing technical articles for MBY among other magazines, but some of his greatest achievements were probably less well known.
Working with the RNR he handled the public relations for the Military Tattoo in 2000.
The following year the Royal Yacht Squadron asked him to take on the responsibility for the temporary landing stage installed off the parade at Cowes for the America's Cup Jubilee.
His duties here were to supervise all craft using the facility which included bringing ashore the coveted America's Cup itself, an occasion watched by hundreds of spectators as Maori warriors walked up the gangway chanting their battle cry.
With such crowds trying to get a closer view, Robert had his work cut out preventing the landing being overloaded but it was his Royal Naval training and authority that saved the day.
He then went on to oversee RNR 100 in 2003 as Project Director, an important event celebrating the 100th anniversary of its foundation that was attended by members of the Royal Family, several leading figures of the Admiralty and long serving members of the Royal Navy. His dedication here saw him awarded the OBE.
Perhaps his greatest achievement was being given the responsibility for safety and mustering of the pleasure craft fleet attending the Solent review celebrating the 200th Anniversary of Nelson's victory at Trafalgar.
Robert headed a team of four safety officers based aboard HMS Albine where together they controlled well over 100 craft parading past HMS Endurance from which HM the Queen took the salute.
Robert Avis died in a South London hospice after losing a brave fight against cancer, his funeral taking place in Croydon on June 22.
He leaves a wife Diana, together with daughter Katherine, 24, and son David, 22.


To the person that lives with diabetes, life has become quite more complicated already, having to suppress that sweet, sweet sugar crave. Needless to say, we are champions of hidden sugar consumption, with a bunch of seemingly innocent foods and drinks, such as salad dressings and ice tea, which contain copious amounts of the white crystals, or, worse, of the high-fructose corn syrup thingy.
Thus, a rather restrictive diet has to be followed, as well as a fitness regimen, as the latest studies suggest your blood sugar is kept in check much better when you do simple short exercise sessions throughout the day, compared to lifting and running on the treadmill for hours on end few times a week. As smartphones have progressed to become our go-to advisor and companion, it's only natural that we'll be looking for apps for info and management of our blood sugar condition, that's why we are rounding up a few applications that might help in the daily struggle with diabetes.
Developed as an interactive playground for your diabetic needs, this app sports one of the nicest interfaces in the category, yet doesn't skimp on the basics, too, like blood sugar levels logging and data analysis. It even offers you challenges you must complete on the quest to manage the condition, complete with diabetes monsters, and smile-inducing feedback.
Through the power of crowdsourcing, Social Diabetes also lets you upload and share your diabetes logs, learn from other users, and exchange recipes. Social Diabetes has it all, as it is a complete self-management system for Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Logging you meal plans, blood sugar levels and insulin needs gives you a good glimpse of how those foods affected you, but the app also offers more than 11,000 foods, their contents, and how would they affect your condition.
CarboMentor is still in beta, but holds a considerable promise for those who want to use their iPhone as a the best way to keep log of their eating habits, and their diabetes in check. Food logging is more fun when you can snap pics of meals, estimate their carb count, tag and label them, and the app automatically remembers the location you had them in. CarboMentor reminds you to test the blood sugar levels after you eat, and can rate your carbohydrate estimation, too, for the next time you will be frolicking with that meal.
Glucose Buddy is one of the most popular diabetes loggers out there, as it can track a number of variables that this condition requires, even weight and blood pressure. Moreover, it reminds you to check your BS levels, and sports day-by-day visualizations of your progress.
Here's another one-stop-shop for managing your diabetic condition - Diabetes Pal comes with a pretty and easy to use interface, solid logging and charting options, and, best of all, it can retrieve the measurements from your Telcare BGM device, or you can enter them manually. Thus the daunting task of keep track of meals, insulin application, and blood sugar levels, become a tad easier, plus you can visualize the chronology of your readings in pretty graphs so as to quickly grasp what works and what doesn't.