I use terminology from earlier blog posts about biases. If you have missed those posts, read part 1 here. I explain the terminology there. In the second post I wrote about the Anchoring Effect.
Let me state the 'bad news' up front: you cannot fully avoid the confirmation bias. That's actually a good thing because if you could you wouldn't be human. We jump to conclusions (with System 1) when our assumptions are likely to be correct (Page 79, Kahneman) and a mistake is acceptable. For example, when you meet a new person you immediately judge him or her based on stereotypes, what type of clothes the other person wears, his/her posture, etcetera. This happens so quickly that you cannot stop it.
However, jumping to conclusions can be a bad thing when the situation is unfamiliar, the stakes are high and when there is no time to collect more information(Page 79, Kahneman) . This is what testing is about! We are often dealing with unfamiliar situations, the stakes are high and we usually face a deadline. How do we deal with this? Let's explore what the confirmation bias has to do with testing.
The confirmation bias is an umbrella term with more specific biases in its category: the halo effect, 'What you see is all there is' (WYSIATI) and the availability heuristic, to name a few from "Thinking, Fast and Slow". We'll also see that heuristics, which are very important in our work, are strongly linked to the confirmation bias.
The halo effect is explained as "the tendency to like or dislike everything about a person". I think this can also apply to systems or new parts of a system you are testing the first time. A first impression is hard to erase. Confession time: after working in the same team for awhile I started expecting a certain level of quality from the different developers. Developer A was a very structured and organised person, taking pride in developing clean code. He would involve me in development and ask questions. When it was time to do an exploratory test session (after the automated tests were written by us together) I was liking everything about the software. I was already biased in a positive sense.
Developer B was a sloppier person; not writing unit tests, not even starting up the application locally before 'handing it over to test'. Without discussing how not Agile this approach is, at that point, I was already expecting his work to be crappy. Even when, over time, developer B was coached by other developers and improved his way of working, I still tested his code with more suspicion. I wonder how many bugs I missed in developer A's work, because of the halo effect.
This one has really scary implications for testing. WYSIATI is "an essential design feature of the associative machine. It represents only activated ideas. Information that is not retrieved from memory might as well not exist." I basically read this as: you cannot test what you do not think about. Sounds completely logical to me, but this is often not how testing is sold! We are casually using terms like '100% coverage', 'completely tested' and the like. We might test a product extensively and thoroughly, but that doesn't mean we catch all the errors. That's personally the part of testing I have always struggled with. There's a trade-off between time and risk. You have to make the leap of faith towards going live even though you know that scientifically there is always a chance (or is it a certainty?) that a (horrible) bug might be lurking around the corner.
This heuristic is described as "a mental shortcut that relies on immediate examples that come to a given person's mind when evaluating a specific topic, concept, method or decision." It is about how easy it is to think of examples. The easier that is, the more you believe what you think it truthful. You can convince yourself of a 'truth' simply because you cannot think of evidence that proves your hypothesis wrong. For me, the availability heuristic comes into play when you decide whether you have tested enough. It happens when you have been testing an application or part of an application for a while and you are not finding interesting things anymore; you are not learning anything new about it anymore. You might decide: I have tested enough; I am confident I have found all the bugs. You cannot think of other tests or test techniques at that time. Put in the context of the availability heuristic: it is no longer easy to think of examples (test ideas) so you are convinced you have done enough.
Again and again, I have found this to be dangerous territory. It has happened to me that I was confident about the quality of a new part of an application, only to come back into the office the next day (with new energy and new ideas) to find an absolutely terrifying bug. A bug that, if I were to port myself back to the day before, I didn't think would exist, simply because that example (specific test idea) didn't come to mind easily. To avoid the availability heuristic, you need the power of collaboration.
I want to make an extra mention regarding other types of heuristics. I love heuristics a lot, but there is a danger hidden in them. The more experienced you become, the more you might start to rely on heuristics. It gets easier to recognise patterns in certain situations. Your associative memory is triggered a lot when you are an experienced tester. Just be aware that this associative memory is strongly linked to the confirmation bias. Stay open-minded. Stay curious for other people's view on things. That can help you avoid the confirmation bias to a certain extent.
System 2 is in charge of doubting and unbelieving (Page 80, Kahneman), which is very important in testing! So when the stakes are high, try to involve System 2 thinking. Be kind to yourself though, it simply is not possible to always involve System 2. You would get very tired. Just realise you are vulnerable to different manifestations of the confirmation bias. Take a step back once in a while and ask someone else to pair up with you.
PS: have you read "Thinking, Fast and Slow" yet? No? Run to the (internet) bookstore, off with ya! See you next time!


It should be noted that Cutter can only generate scripts for HyperShade (up stream) function nodes.
The same path should be entered into Cutter's Languages/Slim panel. The preference named "Base ID" will be explained later.
Although scripts for Slim nodes are not the same as those for HyperShade their structure is sufficiently similar to warrant the preferences for Cutter's HyperShape node capabilities to be "bundled" with the general Slim preferences.
The RSL function given in listing 1 will be used to demonstrate Cutter's ability to automatically generate a HyperShade node script.
Select (only) the text of the function. Ignore any #includes that may be specified in the file - these will be recognized automatically by Cutter. Right mouse click and choose "Export as HyperShade Node".
Cutter will open a window containing the text for the node - listing 2. The large commented block of XML code contains instructions that will be read by Pixar's code generator when cutrSwapComponents.h is sourced by RenderMan_for_Maya.ini.
/* Created by Cutter [6.4.4] on 7.29.2013 at 1:8:11.
Edit the value of the item rfm_nodeid 1053400.
Warning: Values larger than 1053400 are intended to avoid node IDs that been registered by Pixar with AutoDesk. Ideally, the node IDs used by an artist should be within a range of values supplied by AutoDesk. For studios that do not share their custom HyperShade node scripts with other studios it should (hopefully) not be necessary to register their node IDs with AutoDesk.
It is important to ensure that each node script has a unique node ID. Cutter makes no attempt to assign unique node IDs.
Save the cutrSwapComponents.h file, created in step 2, in the directory intended to store custom HyperShade node scripts - in my case a directory named RfM_hypershade. Add the following text to your custom RenderMan_for_Maya.ini file. Always provide a comment before the LoadExtension indicating the "rfm_nodeid" of the node.
RAT::LogMsg INFO "cutrSwapComponents has been loaded"
Make sure the RfM plugin is loaded. In HyperShade locate the new node.
The interface for the node is artist-unfriendly because the UI widget for the parameter "comps" should be a dropdown menu, not a slider.
As explained for Slim nodes in the tutorial Cutter: Ui-Hints for Slim ui-hints can be used to adjust the UI. As an example, consider what happens when ui-hints are assigned to the comments of the parameters of the original SwapComponents.h.
When Cutter creates a new version of cutrSwapComponents.h it will write additional information into each parameter block. For example.
The interface in Maya will reflect the changes.


The MSU-WIPRO STEM & Leadership Teaching Fellowship program is the culmination of the partnership between global IT giant Wipro, Chicago Public Schools, and Michigan State University's College of Education. Fellows participate in an innovative year-long integrated learning experience to build STEM teachers' capacity and empower them to lead and inspire transformative, innovative practices in urban K-12 schools.
One STEM Chicago is Back!
Zooming in on Pi in the Sky!


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Food trend: the return of bone broth
Old becomes new
Text: Yeong Sassall
Louise Cavanough
Bone broth has enjoyed increasing popularity of late - but why? Nutritionist Louise Cavanough explains all
You know something has reached the zeitgeist when it makes headlines as Kobe Bryant's off-court secret weapon (for repairing his sprained ankle). Not to mention when food-obsessed East Village New Yorkers dedicate an entire takeaway store (Brodo - it's name in Italian) to a simple cup of soup.
But funnily enough, far from being a new fad, bone broth has been enjoyed as a source of nourishment since practically the stone age. Traditionally used across cultures as a remedy for colds and flu, it also treats degeneration of the connective tissue, repairs problems of the gastrointestinal tract and alleviates issues of the joints, skin and muscles.
Until recently, broth suffered a fall from grace in the home kitchen, it's demise no doubt paralleling the rise of 'faster' food and an increased pace of life. It always remained a staple in any professional kitchen where it is used as stock and as a base for sauces.
But as an emphasis on slow cooking is returning to the home cook, so is the tradition of bone broth. Not only does bone broth offer nutrional benefits, utilising bones also utlises a more ethical 'nose to tail' approach in our consumption of animals.
From a therapeutic standpoint, bone broth may be useful in treating any disorders of the bones or joints as well as speeding recovery from illness and improving wound healing. It may reduce inflammation in IBS and diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, plus strengthen the immune system, remineralise teeth, harden brittle nails and it may be beneficial during times of growth such as pregnancy. (It is important to bear in mind that at this stage we have no clinical trials proving these therapeutic effects.)
The benefits of broth are attributed to several factors, including the varying levels of minerals, gelatin and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). The nutritional profile of broth will vary depending on the type of bones you use. Fish broth contains the mineral idodine for healthy thyroid function and chicken broth incorporating the feet has higher levels of gelatin. Beef broth gives you the benefit from the marrow, as well as collagen, cartilage and minerals.
So why is it so good for us? Bone is a reservoir for minerals - most importantly calcium and phosphorus, but also magnesium, sodium, potassium, sulfur and and fluoride. The gelatin from bone and cartilage that we extract as we simmer broth, together with the minerals make bone broth the nutritional powerhouse that has everyone raving.
Making broth is incredibly inexpensive and straightforward, it just requires a little patience. It is imperative the bones are from a healthy, grass-fed, preferably organic animal, as you will be extracting and consuming the contents of the bone. Additional ingredients are variable but apple cider vinegar, bay leaves, carrots, celery and onions are commonly added for flavour and increased nutritional value.
Once you have broth on hand you can drink it on its own or use it as a basis for soups and stews or to flavour any type of cooking.There is something undeniably soothing about sipping on a warm cup of broth, especially when weak or ill. The aroma that fills the house as this nourishing concoction simmers away on the stove is as good for the soul as it is for the body. If you haven't already jumped on the bone broth bandwagon, give this beef version a try:
2 kg of grass-fed organic beef bones - a mix of marrow bone, shin and knuckle works well
2 tablespoons of apple cider vinegar
2 carrots roughly chopped
1 brown onion roughly chopped
Filtered water to fill a large stock pot (or slow cooker)
To improve the flavour of a beef broth, you can roast the raw bones in the oven at a high heat for 30 minutes before commencing your broth.
Then, place the bones into a stock pot and fill with filtered water along with the apple cider vinegar, allow this to sit for 30 - 40 minutes (the vinegar works to make the minerals in the bone more available).
Add the vegetables and bay leaves and bring to the boil. When it has reached a rolling boil reduce to a simmer for 48hours. Within the first few hours of simmering a scum may appear on the surface; skim this off.
Once simmering time is complete, allow the broth to cool before scooping out the bones using a slotted spoon and passing it through a fine strainer. Store in a glass jar in the fridge for up to 5 days or freeze. Add salt to taste as you serve.
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Kids Operating Room formally launched in January 2018, however our team had been working in the development of healthcare systems and children's surgery long before then.
Co-founders Garreth and Nicola Wood tells us how Kids Operating Room started:
The first project we worked on together was in Uganda. It was the development of a dedicated Operating Room for children's surgery in the capital city, Kampala. This had come about after learning of the exceptional work Dr John Sekabira who was trying to care for as many of the country's 20 million children as he possibly could.
Making the case for space
Each morning Dr Sekabira would go to the hospital and make the case for his patients, hoping to be given access to an operating room. Sometimes he was successful, sometimes other surgeons (treating only adults) would be allocated the rooms. On those days, even urgent cases would go unanswered.
The solution, to us, seemed simple. We'd create a dedicated operating room for children's surgery, with its own admissions and recovery space.
This would give Dr Sekabira his own space, meaning he could operate on many more children. It would increase the amount of time trainees spent operating too, which would drive up quality and capacity; and help establish children's surgery as an independent specialty within Uganda's healthcare system. Finally bringing a voice to the country's children in such desperate need of care.
Importantly, this approach also allowed us to create a child-friendly environment that would let worried children, and their worried parents, know that they were in a safe space created just for them.
The one-off became the beginning
In early 2015, this vision became a reality, we created Uganda's first ever dedicated operating room for children's surgery. This project was to be a 'one-off'. Needless to say, things didn't quite work out that way.
With a second operating room opening in Uganda shortly after and then further developments in Malawi and Tanzania, it became clear that the demand for our work was overwhelming; that the unique approach of creating surgical infrastructure around existing doctors was highly impactful and respectful; and for the true potential of this approach to be realised we needed a full-time focus.
It was also clear from the growing requests for support that this was an intervention that was going to be highly sought after, yet no one else was providing this focused support for children's surgery.
Dr Sekabira
A global vision
And so, from a one-off project in 2015 to the formation of Kids Operating Room just a few short years later, Nicola and I were delighted to bring together the same expert team that worked on that first project in Uganda to now drive forward a global vision bringing safe surgery to every child in need.
Join us in this life-saving cause
Since forming Kids Operating Room we have sustained a program of opening world-class, child-friendly operating rooms in low-resource settings at more than one a month. Our plan is to increase this pace of delivery as we further develop our local networks, expand our regional offices and welcome new donors to this life-saving cause.
Garreth Wood - right
Support the surgeons working so hard to serve humanity
Importantly, our work is always focused on supporting the local doctor to care for their patient. We never send surgeons from high income countries to do the job of a local surgeon in one of our partner countries - instead we support the local team to deliver truly exceptional care. We believe this creates sustainable healthcare systems and that it is respectful of the incredible people already working in these countries.
Nicola Wood
Every child should be treated the same
And since beginning we have remained focused on improving access to essential surgery for sick children - refusing to deviate from this mission until every child has the care they need. We have evolved how we achieve this, now supporting the training of specialist surgeons and anaesthesia providers, for example, to help bring our vision to fruition sooner. And, when necessary, we will also now speak up and advocate on behalf of children whose voices are not being heard in debates about who should get access to healthcare resources.
Otherwise, our approach remains as it always has been - focused on the development of high-quality infrastructure designed around the local team's skillset.
This approach is proving to be highly effective - allowing a growing number of children to access the life-saving or life-changing care they need every single year. As that care now expands across low-and middle-income countries around the world we are immensely proud of what has been achieved so far, and of the vision we all share for every child to have access to the care they need.
We won't stop until that is no longer a vision but a reality.
Garreth and Nicola Wood


Physical Data: (NH4)6Mo7O24.4H2O: dec 190 °C; d 2.498 g cm-3.
Solubility: (NH4)6Mo7O24.4H2O: sol H2O (43 g/100 mL); insol alcohol.
Form Supplied in: (NH4)6Mo7O24.4H2O: colorless or slightly greenish or yellowish crystals; widely available.
Handling, Storage, and Precautions: (NH4)6Mo7O24.4H2O: commercially available ammonium heptamolybdate tetrahydrate can be used and stored at rt under air. For H2O2, see Hydrogen Peroxide.
Chemoselection Between the Epoxidation and the Alcohol Oxidation.
1. (a) Mimoun, H. In The Chemistry of Peroxides; Patai, S., Ed.; Wiley: New York, 1982; pp 463-482. (b) Mimoun, H. PAC 1981, 53, 2389. (c) Sheldon, R. A.; Kochi, J. K. Metal Catalyzed Oxidations of Organic Compounds; Academic: New York, 1981; pp 48-97. (d) Sharpless, K. B.; Verhoeven, T. R. Aldrichim. Acta 1979, 12, 63.
2. Trost, B. M.; Masuyama, Y. Isr. J. Chem. 1984, 24, 134.
3. Trost, B. M.; Masuyama, Y. TL 1984, 25, 173.
4. Paquette, L. A.; Sauer, D. R.; Cleary, D. G.; Kinsella, M. A.; Blackwell, C. M.; Anderson, L. G. JACS 1992, 114, 7375.
5. Ishii, Y.; Yamawaki, K.; Ura, T.; Yamada, H.; Yoshida, T.; Ogawa, M. JOC 1988, 53, 3587.
6. (a) Srinivasan, S.; Ford, W. T. New J. Chem. 1991, 15, 693. (b) Srinivasan, S.; Ford, W. T. Polym. Mater. Sci. Eng. 1991, 64, 355.
7. For some alternative approaches with molybdenum complexes, see: (a) Jacobson, S. E.; Muccigrosso, D. A.; Mares, F. JOC 1979, 44, 921. (b) Tomioka, H.; Takai, K.; Oshima, K.; Nozaki, H.; Toriomi, K. TL 1980, 21, 4843. (c) Masuyama, Y.; Takahashi, M.; Kurusu, Y. TL 1984, 25, 4417.


Surgical electrical staplers are used for the closure of lesions or holds the body tissues together after an injury or surgery. Surgical staplers are tools that either help physical modification of biological tissue or provide rapid recovery of the internal and external body tissues.
Inception of modern electronic technologies such as minimally invasive surgery equipment and robotic surgeries primarily drive the surgical electronic staplers market. For instance, Medtronic launched Signia Stapling system, an innovative surgical stapler for expansion of minimally invasive surgery technologies in February 2017.
Increase in preference for minimally invasive surgery and the rise in geriatric population, which is highly susceptible to ocular disorders, gastric disorders, intestinal disorders, and other health conditions drive the market growth. Furthermore, numerous advantages of surgical electrical staplers such as high speed, less pain, and evenness of wound closure have increased its use in the operating room. In addition, R&D in the field of surgical staplers is anticipated to create new opportunities during the forecast period.
However, significant government rules & regulations, inadequate quality assurance, and high cost of surgical electrical staplers are the major barriers for the growth of the market.
The market is segmented on the basis of product design, product type, application, and geography. Based on product design, the market is divided into liner staplers, curved staplers, and circular staplers. Based on product type, it is bifurcated into disposable and reusable. Based on application, it is classified into gynecology, thoracic, gastrointestinal related surgeries, and tissue & wound management procedures. By geography, it is analyzed across North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and LAMEA.
The study provides an in-depth analysis of the global surgical electrical staplers market, with current trends and future estimations to elucidate the investment pockets.
Meril Life Science Pvt. Ltd.
8.9. MERIL LIFE SCIENCE PVT. LTD.


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a: Unit 12, Crane Mews, 32 Gould Road, Twickenham, TW2 6RS.
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Bjorn Jansen is the founder and owner of Gossh, a digital product service. He builds beautiful wordpress websites. Bjorn works closely with his clients to find the best individual solution for their business. He created The Decorcafe website.
Gossh design beautiful Wordpress websites. Split across three pillars, Sites, Themes and Studio, Gossh work in close partnership with their clients to find the best website design for each individual business.
Victoria Hill is the founder of Victoria Hill Bespoke Soft Furnishings, designing and making custom roman blinds, curtains, cushions, headboards and pelmets and supplying accessories. She is also the founder of Salon LibertineTM London, which offers designer textiles and wallpapers.
Victoria designs and makes high-end bespoke soft furnishings which take into account your personal taste, your furnishings, the period of your house and practical considerations.
Founder and owner of Sian Baxter Lighting Design, Sian is passionate about lighting and has over 17 years of experience designing lighting schemes for homes, gardens, restaurants, hotels, spas and boutique retail spaces.
Sian Baxter Lighting Design is a small and personal award winning consultancy designing beautiful bespoke lighting schemes for homes, gardens, restaurants, hotels, spas and boutique retail spaces.
Abigail Lipski is an artist who lives and works in South West London. She looks to the landscape to uncover past, present and future imaginings. Her colours are lush and heightened, jolting the viewer into an undiscovered place that has the uncanny familiarity of a fairytale and childhood dream on rewind.
Abigail Lipski is an artist who lives and works in South West London. She looks to the landscape to uncover past, present and future imaginings. Her colours are lush and heightened, jolting the viewer into an undiscovered place that has the uncanny familiarity of a lost fairytale and childhood dreams on rewind.
Delia Searle, founder of Searle Accounting Solutions Ltd, provides tax and accounting support to small businesses.
Delia Searle is a Chartered Accountant. Her passion is working with entrepreneurs and small business owners, providing accounting solutions to help them successfully grow their businesses.
Isobel Allan-Lowe is a London based designer and maker of unique contemporary ceramic art and lighting.
Isobel is a London based designer and maker of unique contemporary ceramic art and lighting.
Janne is a visual story teller and stylist on Instagram with over 100,000 followers.
Janne Ford is a visual story teller and floral stylist on Instagram with over 100,000 followers. Janne consults and advises other small businesses on how to make the most of instagram by creating inspiring and beautiful floral photography.
May Simpkin is a qualified UK-registered Nutritional Therapist and a real woman with a busy family life. She teaches a simple, no-nonsense approach to healthy eating, backed up with expert qualified recommendations. Easy, practical, achievable food.
May Simpkin is a registered Nutritionist (mBANT) with a Masters Science degree in Personalised Nutrition. She can help you to initiate changes to your diet and lifestyle that will have a profound effect on your general wellbeing.
Sylvie set up Computer Fitness to help people manage problems with their computers, smartphones, tablets, printers and networks.
London-based Illustrator and Textile Artist Jennifer Hawkins runs Sapphire Summers Design specialising in Fine Art Prints, fabric design and homewares.
Sapphire Summers Design was founded, in 2015 by British-born, Wimbledon based, illustrator Jennifer Hawkins to create intricate hand-drawn illustrations on homewares and fine art prints. All items are layered and collaged in innovative compositions and feature mainly symmetrical and mandala designs.
When you work with me at The Velvet Daisy, your vision is brought to life in a way you never dreamt possible. I have worked with a wide range of clients, many of them for years and most of them from London and in the past few years Devon and Cornwall.
Karen Haller is an internationally renowned Applied Colour Psychology practitioner, consultant, mentor and trainer, helping industry professionals across the globe to transform their businesses through applying colour & design psychology. Karen advises interior designers and homeowners, on and off-line, how they can best embrace the love of colour, reclaim personal colour confidence and express their personality through the use of colour to create a home they love and that enhances positive, support behaviours and well-being.
Sarah Speller is a garden designer who believes everyone has it in them to be a gardener and to enjoy creating beautiful outdoor spaces and plant combinations. She also believes that creating and maintaining a garden can be enormously positive for health and well-being.
Sarah Speller believes everyone has it in them to be a gardener and to enjoy creating beautiful outdoor spaces and plant combinations. She also believes that creating and maintaining a garden can be enormously positive for health and well-being.
Founded by best friends, Clare Bowes-Smith and Susanna Drew, Bufei make delicious, traditional homemade buffet food, using fully compostable tableware and packaging. Perfect for office lunches, birthdays, anniversaries, Christenings and In Memoriam.
Bufei offer homemade, traditional buffet food using fully compostable tableware and packaging.
'Laura is the Creator and Designer at Laura Felicity Design. Creating high-end wallpaper, fabric, and interior products to make ideal interiors for your home.
Laura is the Creator and Designer at Laura Felicity Design. Creating high-end wallpaper, fabric, and interior products to make ideal interiors for your home.
Melanie Porter is a design studio working in traditional craft techniques to create truly individual furniture and furnishings for the home.
Founded in 1978, quality and longevity remain at the heart of Woodstock Furniture. Andrew Hall inspires the ethos of the company, putting the client at the centre of the process, listening and creating bespoke kitchen and furniture design solutions that are beautifully crafted to last from one generation to the next.
Founded in 1978, quality and longevity remain at the heart of Woodstock Furniture. Led by Owner and Design Director Andrew Hall, their craftsmen use tradititional machinery at their own workshop in Hampshire to carefully create beautiful bespoke furniture for every room in the house .
A boutique PR agency with big ideas and smaller prices, run by experienced journalist, Sally Brockway.
Wow PR Ltd is a boutique PR agency situated in Kingston-Upon-Thames and run by Sally Brockway, a journalist with 30 years experience working across national press. In additional to traditional PR campaigns across press, TV, radio and online, Wow PR offers social media management, web design and copy writing services.
Mary Norval co-founder of AnthologyFive, works with innovative UK designers to create original & distinctive designs, manufactured at their metal workshop in Surrey.
AnthologyFive is a British metal design and manufacturing company making original, contemporary designs, created by exciting young UK designers.
To maximise the potential of your home for yourself, for rental or for sale, Susanna offers a number of practical services, including decluttering, reorganising, styling and helping you to pack and unpack when you move.
Susanna Drew founded Home Review to provide a practical service to home owners who would like to maximise the potential of their home for themselves, rental or sale. Susanna is hands-on in her approach supporting her clients to achieve their aspirations, whether it is decuttering and reorganising just one room or staging an entire property for sale.
Jane Michell is the founder and owner of Jane Plan, an easy and healthy approach to losing weight that suits our busy lives.
Designer Lorna Syson founded her studio in 2009 and is now based in Cockpit Arts, South East London. Her designs transport the viewer to witness the world through Lorna's lense and invite them to find the beauty overlooked in their everyday.
Keith Patterson is the founder of West London Kitchens, supplying bespoke family kitchens at friendly prices. As well as their studio displays, they will take you to see kitchens they have already installed so you get to see real kitchens in real homes.
West London Kitchens supply high quality German, Italian and traditional handmade English bespoke kitchens at family friendly prices. Real kitchens for real families.


text:
Randall Bramlett
Adam Klein & The Wild Fires #1314
April 14, 2013	00:29:54
Adam Klein & The Wild Fires latest album, Sky Blue DeVille, travels further down the rock road for the songwriter, as each record meanders more in that direction. Klein's music ranges well beyond his native Athens, Georgia, though–in fact, his last record was written and recorded in Mali. The former Peace Corps volunteer has returned to Mali several times to maintain his friendships and connection to the nation, and the album from his last trip there, Dugu Wolo –just before the tensions with Islamist extremists escalated to the devastating level they have–will see wider release when the accompanying documentary is released. Sky Blue DeVille is a full-fledged rock record. In true Athens fashion, Klein has called upon friends in music over the years to contribute their talents to his projects, ranging from Randall Bramblett to David Blackmon to John Neff–keeping the Athens music circles intersecting.
Buy Sky Blue DeVille HERE on Amazon and HERE on iTunes.
Adam Klein & The Wild Fires "Sky Blue DeVille," "Goodnight Nobody," "Where Our Love Is" Sky Blue DeVille
You should definitely check out Adam Klein's previous album from Mali, that was only in limited release, Dugu Wolo . I absolutely love this album.
Randall Bramblett "Roll" His new album, Bright Spots, will be released on May 14, 2014. Here is the CD pre-order for Bright Spots or here for Bright Spots on vinyl Bright Spots .
Drivin N Cryin "Scarred But Smarter" One of the best rock songs ever written. Scarred But Smarter
Kenney Blackmon String Band "Yew Piney" The Singing Tree Blackmon is most known for his fiddle contributions for Jerry Reed, Widespread Panic, and R.E.M. The KBSB album is really interesting–his wife, Noel Blackmon, culled lost songs from field recording sheet music and books, several of which are believed to be the first modern recordings of these songs (explanation adapted from album notes). They are dynamic live. After breaking his neck in a freak frisbee accident, it's pretty incredible to see him jam.
Deer Tick "Main Street" available on AutoRip Vinyl here Divine Providence. (AutoRip means you get an automatic mp3 album download and the vinyl is shipped to you right away.) Deer Tick is headlining the Twilight Americana Festival in Athens this month.
https://media.blubrry.com/countryfriedrock/p/countryfriedrock.org//wp-content/uploads/2013/04/Country_Fried_Rock_Ep_1315_Adam_Klein_Podcast.mp3
#1248 Michelle Malone
November 25, 2012	00:21:24
Michelle Malone was part of the Atlanta music scene that evolved from the Indigo Girls' success, enjoying national attention for the music of Shawn Mullins, Tinsley Ellis, and Drivin N Cryin, with her band at the time, Drag the River. The confluence of blues-tinged Southern music at the time made for an exciting music scene, that was later replaced by the still-dominant hiphop scene. Atlanta is a weird place filled with temporary residents who are not from the area, but it is also a collection of neighborhoods with their own identities and people who are part of the arts culture and give different places their distinct vibes. It is from the latter community that Michelle Malone emerges, not as an ingenue, but as the definition of the Atlanta rock sound–Southern, blues-touched, guitar-driven, but still about the song.
When Malone decided to record her most recent album, Day 2, she called upon her long-time friend, Shawn Mullins, to produce. Mullins and Malone collaborated to include their friends in the project, including Gerry Hansen (as co-producer), Phil Skipper, Tom Ryan, Trish Land, Chuck Leavell, Marty Kearns, Glen Matullo, and Randall Bramblett. Pretty much everyone who has ever been in the Atlanta roots scene has played with one or more of these stellar musicians. Malone knew her songs and vision were in excellent hands, and sought out their ideas and guidance in the recording process.
Currently, Day 2 is available in limited release directly from Malone's website. She has released music within the spectrum of independent to labels and back again, finding the "new normal" DIY allows the artist to retain creative control. Michelle Malone plays regularly, both solo and with her band. If you get a chance to see her, you should try to catch a show in each setting, as the songs adapt to the venue, and bring fresh sounds with each format–more Southern than bluesy this time around. Malone is a player and songwriter that should be as recognizable to roots music fans as Bonnie Raitt is to blues rock fans.
Please support the musicians by purchasing their music through these Amazon and iTunes links. A small portion of your purchase also supports this radio show, at no extra cost to you. Thank you.
Michelle Malone Day 2 currently only available for purchase via her website. National release expected mid-2013.
Indigo Girls "I Don't Wanna Know" selected from Strange Fire because it is co-written with Michelle.
Shawn Mullins produced Malone's current album.
Callaghan also on Cayamo 2013, as well as another album produced by Mullins.
Drivin N Cryin "Honeysuckle Blue" from Mystery Road chosen because Malone's vocals are distinctly essential in this song.
Sea Level chosen because of Chuck Leavell, the keyboard player most known for his stint in the early 1970's with the Allman Brothers Band, who also played on Malone's album. Sea Level, from C. Leavell, was his mid-late 1970's band that garnered Southern recognition, but not national attention.
Linda Ronstadt was Malone's gateway to the music of Little Feat, Hank Williams, The Everly Brothers, Buddy Holly, Neil Young, and more.
Little Feat quintessential Southern fusion band, defying genre and beloved to many.
https://media.blubrry.com/countryfriedrock/p/countryfriedrock.org//wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Country_Fried_Rock_Episode_1248_Michelle_Malone_Podcast.mp3


In which John Green teaches you about the roots of the American Revolution. The Revolution did not start on July 4, 1776. The Revolutionary War didn't start on July 4 either. (as you remember, I'm sure, the Revolution and the Revolutionary War are not the same thing) The shooting started on April 19, 1775, at Lexington and/or Concord, MA. Or the shooting started with the Boston Massacre on March 5, 1770. At least we can pin down the Declaration of Independence to July 4, 1776. Except that most of the signers didn't sign until August 2. The point is that the beginning of the Revolution is very complex and hard to pin down. John will lead you through the bramble of taxes, royal decrees, acts of parliament, colonial responses, and various congresses. We'll start with the end of the Seven Years War, and the bill that the British ran up fighting the war. This led to taxes on colonial trade, which led to colonists demanding representation, which led to revolution. It all seems very complicated, but Crash Course will get you through it in about 12 minutes.
Turn on the captions. You'll like them!


As the liquid level increases, the float in the tank rises up. While the wire connected to the float is being wound, the gauge shows the level of the content in the tank.
Easily install assuring easy disassembly and maintenance.
Easy to mount on existing equipment or any form of tank.
Ensure safety against corrosive of poisonous liquid.


text:
1.1Predecessor units and early history
1.2Fortitude
1.3Combat chronicle
1.4Casualties
2Awards for valor
2.1Individual awards
2.2Unit award
3Composition
4Ancestor units
5Inactivation
9th Armored Division (United States)
Find sources: "9th Armored Division" United States – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (July 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
9th Armored Division
9th Armored Division shoulder sleeve insignia
15 July 1942 – 13 October 1945
"Phantom"
Geoffrey Keyes, John W. Leonard, Thomas L. Harrold
Military unit
U.S. Armored Divisions
8th Armored Division (Inactive) 10th Armored Division (Inactive)
The 9th Armored Division (the "Phantom Division") was an armored division of the United States Army during World War II. In honor of their World War II service, the 9th was officially nicknamed the "Phantom Division."
The 9th Armored Division was cited for extraordinary heroism and gallantry in combat in the vicinity of Waldbillig and Savelborn, Luxembourg from 16–22 December 1944 during which they repulsed constant and determined attacks by an entire German division. Outnumbered five to one, with its infantry rifle companies surrounded for most of the time, clerks, cooks, mechanics, drivers and others manned the 10,000 yards (9,100 m) final defensive line. Supported by the outstandingly responsive and accurate fire of its artillery battalion, this widely dispersed force stopped every attack for six days until its surrounded infantry were ordered to fight their way back to them. This staunch defense disrupted the precise German attack schedule and thus gave time for the United States III and XII Corps to assemble unhindered and then launch the coordinated attack which raised the siege of Bastogne and contributed to saving much of Luxembourg and its capital from another German invasion.[citation needed] They were awarded the Presidential Unit Citation for their heroism.
Predecessor units and early history[edit]
The 3rd Cavalry Brigade, 15th Cavalry Division was constituted in the Regular Army on 29 August 1917 and was organized in December 1917 at Camp Harry J. Jones, Arizona. It was demobilized on 15 July 1919. Because of a reduced table of organization for the cavalry division developed after the war, the 3rd Cavalry Brigade became a part of the new 2nd Cavalry Division. On 15 July 1942, the 9th Armored Division, under the command of Major General Geoffrey Keyes, was activated at Fort Riley, Kansas, by reorganizing and redesignating the white elements of the 2nd Cavalry Division. This was only seven months after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941, which was followed just four days later by the German declaration of war on the United States, thus bringing the United States into World War II.[1] Headquarters, 3rd Cavalry Brigade was converted, reorganized, and redesignated as Headquarters, 9th Armored Division Trains. The 2nd and 14th Cavalry Regiments were inactivated and the personnel and equipment were transferred to the new 2nd and 14th Armored Regiments, respectively.
The regiments underwent changes during the war as follows:[2]
2nd Armored Regiment reorganized and redesignated 9 October 1943:
Headquarters, Headquarters Company, and 2nd Battalion reorganized and redesignated as 2nd Tank Battalion, 9th Armored Division.
1st Battalion reorganized and redesignated as 776th Tank Battalion and relieved from assignment to the 9th Armored Division.
3rd Battalion reorganized and redesignated as 19th Tank Battalion, 9th Armored Division.
Reconnaissance Company reorganized and redesignated as Troop D, 89th Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadron, 9th Armored Division.
Band, Maintenance Company, and Service Company disbanded.
14th Armored Regiment reorganized and redesignated 9 October 1943:
Headquarters, Headquarters Company, and 1st and 2nd Battalions reorganized and redesignated as 14th Tank Battalion, 9th Armored Division.
3rd Battalion reorganized and redesignated as 711th Tank Battalion and relieved from assignment to the 9th Armored Division.
Reconnaissance Company reorganized and redesignated as Troop E, 89th Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadron, 9th Armored Division.
The lineages of the 2nd and 14th Cavalry Regiments were continued when these inactive units, having given up their personnel and equipment, were later reorganized and redesignated as cavalry reconnaissance squadrons and reactivated in 1943.
After over two years of training throughout the country, including Camp Ibis, the 9th Armored Division, now commanded by Major General John W. Leonard, reached the United Kingdom in September 1944.
Fortitude[edit]
See also: Operation Fortitude
The 9th Armored Division was one of several real U.S. Army divisions that participated in Operation Fortitude, the deception operation mounted by the Allies to deceive the Germans about the real landing site for Operation Neptune, the amphibious invasion of Northern France. The 9th was assigned to a camp on the British coastline opposite of the German defenses in Pas-de-Calais, ostensibly as part of the "First US Army Group" (FUSAG) under Major General John W. Leonard.
Combat chronicle[edit]
The 9th Armored Division landed in Normandy late in September 1944, and first went into line, 23 October 1944, on patrol duty in a quiet sector along the Luxembourg-German frontier. When the Germans launched their winter offensive on 16 December 1944, the 9th, with no real combat experience, suddenly found itself engaged in heavy fighting. The Division saw its severest action at St. Vith, Echternach, and Bastogne, its units fighting in widely separated areas.
Its stand at Bastogne held off the Germans long enough to enable the 101st Airborne Division to dig in for a defense of the city. After a rest period in January 1945, the Division prepared to drive across the Roer River. The offensive was launched on 28 February 1945 and the 9th crossed the Roer to Rheinbach, sending patrols into Remagen.
Illustration of the capture of the bridge.
"Here, on the Ludendorf Bridge crossing the Rhine at Remagen, Combat Command B, 9th Armored Division -- headed by the 27th Armored Infantry Battalion -- with 'superb skill, daring and esprit de corps' successfully effected the first bridgehead across Germany's formidable river barrier and so contributed decisively to the defeat of the enemy. The 27th Battalion reached Remagen, found the bridge intact but mined for demolition. Although its destruction was imminent, without hesitation and in face of heavy fire the infantrymen rushed across the structure, and with energy and skill seized the surrounding high ground. The entire episode illustrates that high degree of initiative, leadership and gallantry toward which all armies strive but too rarely attain, and won for the Combat Command the Distinguished Unit Citation."[3]
On 7 March 1945, elements of the 9th Armored captured the Ludendorff Bridge when German demolition charges failed to bring the bridge down. Soldiers scrambled under the bridge, swinging from girder to girder, tossing demolition charges into the Rhine, fearing the chargers could explode at any time. Capturing the bridge may have shortened the war by weeks to months and saved tens of thousands of lives.[4]
The Division exploited the bridgehead, moving south and east across the Lahn River toward Limburg, where thousands of Allied prisoners were liberated from Stalag XIIA. The Division drove on to Frankfurt and then turned to assist in the closing of the Ruhr Pocket. In April it continued east, encircling Leipzig and securing a line along the Mulde River. The Division was shifting south to Czechoslovakia when the war in Europe ended on 9 May 1945.[5]
9th AID M3 Half-tracks advancing through Engers, Germany, 27 March 1945.
U.S. Army personnel cross the Ludendorff Bridge
"CROSS THE RHINE WITH DRY FEET COURTESY OF 9TH ARM'D DIV".
Activated: 15 July 1942. Overseas: 26 August 1944. Campaigns: Rhineland, Ardennes-Alsace, Central Europe. Days of Combat: 91. Distinguished Unit Citations: 11.
Commanders:
Maj. Gen. Geoffrey Keyes (June to September 1942)
Maj. Gen. John W. Leonard (October 1942 to inactivation).
Returned to U.S.: 10 October 1945. Inactivated: 13 October 1945.
Casualties[edit]
Total battle casualties: 3,845[6]
Killed in action: 570[7]
Wounded in action: 2,280[8]
Missing in action: 87[9]
Prisoner of war: 908[10]
Awards for valor[edit]
Individual awards[edit]
Medal of Honor: 1
Distinguished Service Cross: 1
Distinguished Service Medal: 2
Silver Star: 191
Legion of Merit: 13
Soldier's Medal: 11
Bronze Star: 1,263
Air Medal: 28
Unit award[edit]
All units of CCB/9 AIB of the 9th Armored Division were awarded the Presidential Unit Citation for their actions in taking and defending the Ludendorff Bridge during the Battle of Remagen in World War II.
Combat Command B, 9th Armored Division is cited for outstanding performance of duty in action from 28 February to 9 March 1945 in Germany. On 28 February, Combat Command B launched an attack from the vicinity of Soller and less than twenty-four hours later crossed the Erft River at Derkum, forcing the enemy into disorderly retreat, the unit headed south-east, reaching the heights west of Remagen on 7 March, where troops of the command could see the Ludendorff Bridge across the Rhine River with large numbers of German troops fleeing across it. At 1500 hours that day a prisoner was captured who revealed that the bridge was mined for demolition and was to be destroyed at 1600 hours. At 1535 hours, one column of Combat Company B reached the western approach to the bridge. The span was still intact. Although the destruction of the bridge was imminent, American troops unhesitatingly rushed across the structure in the face of intense enemy automatic weapons fire. An explosion rocked the bridge but did not destroy it. Engineers scrambled down the abutments, cutting wires leading to other demolition charges and disposing of hundreds of pounds of explosives by hurling them into the river. Bulldozer tanks, working under heavy artillery and small-arms fire, filled craters at the bridge approach to permit vehicular passage. Upon reaching the opposite bank, troops of Combat Command B fought gallantly and cleared the surrounding high ground. Although the strength of the span was unknown, tank units rumbled across the bridge after dark and lent their support to foot troops. Antiaircraft artillery men deployed their weapons so skillfully that in the ensuing days numerous enemy airplanes were destroyed in vain attempts to destroy the bridge. The superb skill, daring and esprit de corps displayed by each officer and man of Combat Command B, 9th Armored Division, in the dash to the Rhine, the capture of the Ludendorff Bridge, and the successful exploitation of this first bridgehead across Germany's formidable river barrier made an outstanding contribution to the defeat of the enemy.[11]
The division was composed of the following units:[12]
Headquarters Company
Combat Command A
Combat Command B
Combat Command Reserve
2nd Tank Battalion
14th Tank Battalion
27th Armored Infantry Battalion
52nd Armored Infantry Battalion
Headquarters and Headquarters Battery, 9th Armored Division Artillery
3rd Armored Field Artillery Battalion
16th Armored Field Artillery Battalion
73rd Armored Field Artillery Battalion
89th Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadron (Mechanized)
9th Armored Engineer Battalion
149th Armored Signal Company
Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 9th Armored Division Trains
131st Armored Ordnance Maintenance Battalion
2nd Armored Medical Battalion
Military Police Platoon
Temporarily attached units:
656th Tank Destroyer Battalion (attached 22 February 1945 past 9 May 1945)
811th Tank Destroyer Battalion (attached 14 November 1944 to 8 January 1945)
482nd AAA Automatic Weapons Battalion (attached 22 November 1944 to 9 January 1945; 22 February 1945 to 9 May 1945)
Ancestor units[edit]
The 3rd Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division, was constituted on 29 August 1917 and organized as Headquarters, 3rd Brigade, 15th Cavalry Division in December. The 3rd Brigade demobilized on 15 July 1919 and reconstituted on 10 August 1921, within the newly constituted 1st Cavalry Division. Although never officially reorganized, the Brigade was inactive until its 15 October 1940 activation and redesignation and conversion to HHC, 9th Armored Division Trains, and deployed to Europe, receiving campaign-participation credit for operations in the Rhineland, the Ardennes-Alsace, and the Central Europe theatres of war, and awarded two Meritorious Unit Commendations, with embroidered streamers reading: Europe 1944 and Europe 1945.
Inactivation[edit]
On 13 October 1945, the 9th Armored Division was inactivated in Newport News, Virginia. On that day, members of the division pose with the original sign they posted on the Ludendorff Bridge on 8 March 1945 after it was unexpectedly captured intact, opening a bridgehead into Germany three weeks earlier than planned.
After World War II, the unit returned state-side. The division was inactivated on 13 October 1945, and reactivated on 15 July 1963, when it was reassigned from the 9th Armored Division, and converted and redesignated as HHC, 3rd Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division (United States).
^ "2nd Cavalry Division, WWII Era patch". Army to WWII Era. Retrieved 5 November 2011.
^ Stanton, Shelby L. (1984). Order of Battle, United States Army, World War II. Novato: Presidio Press. p. 287-288.
^ "CMH Publications Catalog - DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY, U.S. ARMY IN ACTION: Remagen Bridgehead". United States Army. Retrieved 13 November 2016. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^ "Remagen Bridge Shortened War". The Lewiston Daily Sun. 17 December 1945: 2. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ "9th Armored Division". U.S. ARMY CENTER OF MILITARY HISTORY. Retrieved 23 December 2015.
^ Army Battle Casualties and Nonbattle Deaths, Final Report (Statistics and Accounting Branch, Office of the Adjutant General, 1 June 1953)
^ "Ten days at the Rhine River". Romeo, Missouri: The Romeo Observer. 7 November 2011. Retrieved 14 November 2014.
^ "Order of Battle of the US Army - WWII - ETO - 9th Armored Division". US Army Center of Military History. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
The 9th: The Story of the 9th Armored Division (World War II unit history booklet)
"Official 3d Brigade Combat Team, 1st Cavalry Division Homepage"
Fact Sheet of the 9th Armored Division from http://www.battleofthebulge.org
Divisions of the United States Army
23rd (Americal)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=9th_Armored_Division_(United_States)&oldid=1084721498"
Armored divisions of the United States Army
United States Army divisions during World War II
Military units and formations established in 1942
1942 establishments in Kansas
Military units and formations disestablished in 1945
Source attribution
Use American English from August 2014
Articles needing additional references from July 2012
Use dmy dates from February 2020


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National Big Green Groups Race To Support Anti-Fracking Measure In Colorado
by Michael Sandoval	August 29, 2018
https://www.facebook.com/ColoradoRising/
A pair of well-funded, national anti-fossil fuel groups today rushed to announce they were ready to "get to work" passing Colorado's Initiative 97, a statewide 2,500-foot setback that will appear on November's ballot.
The Colorado Secretary of State confirmed today that the proponents of the measure, Colorado Rising, had submitted sufficient valid signatures to cover the requirement of 98,492 signatures in order to appear in this fall's election.
Washington, D.C.-based Food & Water Watch (FWW) and 350.org's Colorado affiliate both trumpeted their support and plans to back the setback with organizational and ostensible financial support.
"We are delighted that Colorado voters will get the opportunity to protect their families from toxic fracking," FWW Colorado's organizer Jason Harrison wrote in a statement. "Coloradans should not be subjected to the health hazards of oil and gas operations near their homes, schools, hospitals or parks. This campaign is driven by dedicated volunteers and grassroots power and we are eager to get to work to help pass this initiative."
A Colorado Oil & Gas Conservation Commission study released in July showed that a 2,500-foot setback would bar more than 85 percent of the state's non-federal land from future oil and gas development. Putting so much surface area off-limits to development could lead to billions in local and state tax losses by 2030—as much as $1.1 billion annually—according to an economic analysis of the measure conducted by Common Sense Policy Roundtable.
350 Northern Colorado shared Colorado Rising's post announcing they made the November ballot.
"Safer Setbacks are officially on the November ballot! How will you help make sure we secure WIN on this measure? Sign up to volunteer today!" the Facebook group wrote.
FWW has been in the field for at least three months working to push the five-fold setback increase opposed by a bipartisan raft of candidates and former Colorado officials including Gov. John Hickenlooper, former Interior Secretaries Ken Salazar and Gale Norton, and gubernatorial candidates U.S. Rep. Jared Polis and Colorado State Treasurer Walker Stapleton.
Fundraising records from Colorado's TRACER system show a contribution of $190,000 from FWW Action Fund to Colorado Rising through the August 1 reporting period. They also provided an in-kind contribution of helping to gather signatures—the group was certified by Colorado's SOS in May.
The FWW Action Fund's press release includes a Washington, D.C. mailing address and an Oakland area code phone contact, Julie Light.
The group is no stranger to Colorado, backing a "Coloradans Against Fracking" campaign in 2015 that called for a statewide ban.
Colorado Petroleum Council's Executive Director Tracee Bentley, said Initiative 97's effects would be felt for generations if passed.
"While the opponents of this job-killing measure consider their options regarding today's announcement, it bears repeating that this measure, if ultimately enacted, will define our state's economy and job opportunities for generations to come," Bentley said in a statement. "If passed, Initiative 97 could devastate the economic livelihood of hundreds of thousands of Coloradans, both in and out of the energy industry. Entire communities would involuntarily find themselves closed for business. Tax revenues would plummet, crippling essential funding for education and health care across the state."
Bentley's counterpart, Colorado Oil and Gas Association President Dan Haley, agreed, saying the stakes could not be higher and amounted to a de facto ban on oil and gas projects in the state going forward.
"Coloradans need to know exactly what is at stake: private property rights, more than 100,000 goodpaying jobs, more than $1 billion in taxes for schools, parks and libraries, and our nation's energy security," Haley said. "A half-mile setback is a blatant attempt by activists to ban oil and natural gas in Colorado and put working families on the unemployment line."


text:
#include "generatorBase/converters/enumConverterBase.h"

using namespace generatorBase::converters;
using namespace qReal;

EnumConverterBase::EnumConverterBase(const QString &pathToTemplatesDir
		, QMap<QString, QString> const &valuesToTemplatePaths)
	: TemplateParametrizedConverter(pathToTemplatesDir)
	, mValuesToTemplates(valuesToTemplatePaths)
{
}

void EnumConverterBase::addMapping(const QString &enumValue, const QString &templatePath)
{
	mValuesToTemplates[enumValue] = templatePath;
}

QString EnumConverterBase::convert(const QString &data) const
{
	foreach (const QString &value, mValuesToTemplates.keys()) {
		if (value == data) {
			return readTemplate(mValuesToTemplates[value]);
		}
	}

	return QString();
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Continuing to use Osborne Rolls, Tony now applies the roll pattern to the popular old time tune "Sourwood Mountain." This lesson uses fingerings that will build your left hand pinkie strength while improving your right hand picking dexterity.
Video: Osborne roll: "Sourwood Mountain"


Beach Goth is back, and joining The Growlers at the top of the bill are The Drums, The Voidz, GWAR, Bleached as The Ramones and more.
The Drums have a series of shows at the Fonda Theatre and we are giving away a pair of tickets to one! Click here to find out how to enter.


I enjoy running, biking, camping, dancing, and shooting automatic riffles.
I'm 24 currently in the Canadian Forces - Army. Been overseas to afghanistan in 09/10 just recently got back. I work out lots in my spare time, enjoy meeting new people, hanging out with friends, love to make people laugh.
I've moved to Victoria from Vancouver last summer to encounter new people and new things. If you want to get to know me, then chat with me for a little bit.
Fit 42 here, shaved head, hairy body, not too shabby.
Like my heading says, I'm just a big teddy bear lookin for love.


text:
Mark Alexander: Our teams are in isolation
Mark Alexander has confirmed all teams that were on tour are in self-isolation and that includes the Blitzboks, the Lions and the Bulls..
Seabelo Senatla and Kurt-Lee Arendse in action for the Blitzboks during the HSBC World Rugby Sevens Series match against Japan on 13 December 2019 at the Cape Town Stadium in Cape Town, South Africa. Picture: @Blitzboks/Twitter
Ayanda Frances Felem | 307 days ago
CAPE TOWN - SA Rugby president Mark Alexander on Thursday said they were strictly following President Cyril Ramaphosa's orders to curb the spread of the COVID-19.
Alexander has confirmed all teams that were on tour are in self-isolation and that includes the Blitzboks, the Lions and the Bulls.
So far, no positive cases have been reported among the teams and Alexander said they were monitoring the situation daily.
"We had to act as responsible citizens and currently, they are in self-isolation. We have not received any news or anything about anyone testing positive. We are monitoring it, we have a task team that is working on this and they give us feedback daily."
Alexander said he was waiting for a decision from the World Rugby about the June incoming tours against Scotland and Georgia.
"World Rugby is currently working on it. As soon as they come back to us, we will report back. There are several meetings currently taking place, I was on a call on Monday, so we are waiting for feedback on either we reschedule or continue."


text:
Home > Legal Dictionary L
Legal Dictionary L
Laches
A legal doctrine whereby those who take too long to assert a legal right, lose their entitlement to compensation. When you claim that a person's legal suit against you is not valid because of this, you would call it "estoppel by laches".
A land or building owner who has leased the land, the building or a part of the land or building, to another person.
An old English criminal and common law offence covering the unlawful or fraudulent removal of another's property without the owner's consent. The offence of theft now covers most cases of larceny. But larceny is wider than theft as it includes the taking of property of another person by whatever means (by theft, overtly , by fraud, by trickery, etc.) if an intent exists to convert that property to one's own use against the wishes of the owner.
All the rules of conduct that have been approved by the government and which are in force over a certain territory and which must be obeyed by all persons on that territory (eg. the "laws" of Australia). Violation of these rules could lead to government action such as imprisonment or fine, or private action such as a legal judgement against the offender obtained by the person injured by the action prohibited by law. Synonymous to act or statute although in common usage, "law" refers not only to legislation or statutes but also to the body of unwritten law in those states which recognize common law.
A person that has been trained in the law and that has been certified to give legal advice or to represent others in litigation. Also known as a "barrister & solictor" or an attorney.
Leading question
A question which suggests an answer; usually answerable by "yes" or "no". For example: "Did you see David at 3 p.m.?" These are forbidden to ensure that the witness is not coached by their lawyer through his or her testimony. The proper form would be: "At what time did you see David?" Leading questions are only acceptable in cross-examination or where a witness is declared hostile.
A special kind of contract between a property owner and a person wanting temporary enjoyment and use of the property, in exchange for rent paid to the property owner. Where the property is land, a building, or parts of either, the property owner is called a landlord and the person that contracts to receive the temporary enjoyment and use is called a tenant.
Real property held under a lease.
A child custody decision which entails the right to make, or participate in, the significant decisions affecting a child's health and welfare (compare with physical custody and joint custody).
Written and approved laws. Also known as "statutes" or "acts." In constitutional law, one would talk of the "power to legislate" or the "legislative arm of government" referring to the power of political bodies (eg: house of assembly, Congress, Parliament) to write the laws of the land.
Any legal obligation, either due now or at some time in the future. It could be a debt or a promise to do something. To say a person is "liable" for a debt or wrongful act is to indicate that they are the person responsible for paying the debt or compensating the wrongful act.
Defamation by writing such as in a newspaper or a letter.
Liberal construction
A form of construction which allows a judge to consider other factors when deciding the meaning of a phrase or document. For example, faced with an ambiguous article in a statute, a liberal construction would allow a judge to consider the purpose and object of a statute before deciding what the article actually means.
A special permission to do something on, or with, somebody else's property which, were it not for the license, could be legally prevented or give rise to legal action in tort or trespass. A common example is allowing a person to walk across your lawn which, if it were not for the license, would constitute trespass. Licenses are revocable at will (unless supported by a contract) and, as such, differs from an easement (the latter conveying a legal interest in the land). Licenses which are not based on a contract and which are fully revocable are called "simple" or "bare" licenses. A common example is the shopping mall to which access by the public is on the basis of an implied license.
A property right which remains attached to an object that has been sold, but not totally paid for, until complete payment has been made. It may involve possession of the object until the debt is paid or it may be registered against the object (especially if the object is real estate). Ultimately, a lien can be enforced by a court sale of the property to which it attached and then the debt is paid off from the proceeds of the sale.
Life estate
A right to use and to enjoy land and/or structures on land only for the life of the life tenant. The estate reverts back to the grantor (or to some other person), at the death of the person to whom it is given. A property right to last only for the life of the life tenant is called the estate "pur sa vie." If it is for the duration of the life of a third party, it is called an estate "pur autre vie". The rights of the life tenant are restricted to conduct which does not permanently change the land or structures upon it.
The beneficiary of a life estate.
Limited partner
A unique colleague in a partnership relationship who has agreed to be liable only to the extent of his (or her) investment. Limited partners, though, have no right to manage the partnership. Limited partners are usually just investors or promoters who seek the tax benefits of a partnership
Limitrophe
Adjacent, bordering or contiguous.
Lineal descendant
A person who is a direct descendant such as a child to his or her natural parent.
The selling of all the assets of a debtor and the use of the cash proceeds of the sale to pay off creditors.
Lis pendens
Latin: a dispute or matter which is the subject of ongoing or pending litigation. Politicians will sometimes refuse to discuss a matter or an issue which is "lis pendens" because they do not want their comments to be perceived as an attempt to influence a court of law.
Literal construction
A form of construction which does not allow evidence extrapolated beyond the actual words of a phrase or document but, rather, takes a phrase or document at face value, giving effect only to the actual words used. Also known as "strict" or "strict and literal" construction. Contrasts with liberal construction (which allows for the input from other factors such as the purpose of the document being interpreted).
A dispute is in "litigation" ( or being "litigated") when it has become the subject of a formal court action or law suit.
Livery Delivery
An archaic legal word from the feudal system referring to the actual legal transmission of possession of an object to another. For example, a knight would obtain an estate in land as tenure in exchange for serving in the king's army for 40 days a year. The king would give exclusive possession of the land, (i.e. "livery") to the knight. A writ of livery also developed which allowed persons to sue for possession of land under the feudal system. Livery (or "delivery") of the land was important in completing legal possession or, as it was known in the feudal system, seisin.
A document setting up guidelines for dealing with heroic measures and life-sustaining medical procedures in the eventuality of the signatory's sudden debilitation. Living wills would, for example, inform medical staff not to provide extraordinary life-preserving procedures on the body if the maker of the document is incapable of expressing himself and is suffering from an incurable and terminal condition.
LL.B., LL.M. or LL.D.
The Latin abbreviations for the three classes of law degrees: the regular bachelor degree in law (LL.B.), the masters degree in law (LL.M.) and the doctorate in law (LL.D.). These are basic prerequisites to admission to the practice of law in many states.
Latin for "the place." For example, "locus delicti", the pace where a criminal offense was committed or "loco parentis", referring to a person who stands in the place of a parent, such as a step-parent in a common law relationship.
Long arm statutes
Each court is bound to a territorial jurisdiction and does not normally have jurisdiction over persons that reside outside of that territory. Long-arm statutes are a tool which gives a court jurisdiction over a person even though the person no longer resides in the territorial limits of the court.