The 'Kelkoo Beach Index' released today, ranks 20 of the world's most popular beach destinations based on the factors that matter most to British holidaymakers. According to the index, pound for pound, the Black Sea Coast in Bulgaria should be the number one beach holiday destination for UK travellers this summer, while Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), and Sydney (Australia) rank lowest. The index also predicts a more positive outlook for the travel sector in 2010, with UK travel expenditure forecast to reach £41.1bn or £669 per person, a modest £1bn increase (+2.4%) on 2009, when travel sales plummeted by £3.7bn (-8.4%).
The study, commissioned by Kelkoo, and conducted by the Centre for Economics and Business Research, rated the world's most popular beach destinations using the latest official statistics to assess the performance of 10 key travel criteria, including: climate, security, local affordability of goods and services, quality of food, the cost of flights and accommodation, tourist attractions, and the exchange rate. A YouGov survey of almost 2,300 adults was conducted to ascertain the importance British holidaymakers placed on each factor, and the scores for each destination were then weighted accordingly to determine the 'Kelkoo Beach Index' rankings.
With enviable weather conditions, reasonably priced flights and accommodation, as well as favourable exchange rates, Bulgaria's Black Sea Coast emerges as the top beach destination this summer, closely followed by North Tunisia, Antalya in Turkey, and Sharm el Sheikh in Egypt. According to the index, these destinations rank highest in the affordability stakes, the number one holiday consideration for today's travellers. This summer, almost 9 out of 10 people (87%) claim prices at destination constitute the most important criteria when picking their perfect holiday, 86% deem the cost of accommodation and flights (82%) to be key, while 81% believe security is also a determining factor . Scoring lowest are Sydney, Australia (20th), Rio de Janeiro in Brazil (19th), and Hawaii (18th), due to low overall affordability scores which force them down to the bottom of the table.
On an affordability scale of 1-100 (100 being the cheapest), including factors such as airfares, accommodation costs and prices at destination, the Black Sea Coast ranks first for value for money scoring 86 out of 100, followed by North Tunisia (79), and Sharm el Sheikh in Egypt (75). British tourists can expect to find reasonably priced accommodation at these destinations with hotels costing on average 60%, 50%, and 20% less respectively than in the UK. Tourists can also pick up good deals on airfares, with return flights to Bulgaria or North Tunisia priced at £125 and £275 on average.
In stark contrast, Rio de Janeiro ranks as the most expensive beach destination, scoring just 26 out of 100, with return flights costing £760 on average, and accommodation generally 10% more expensive than in the UK. Sydney follows closely behind (27 out of 100), while the Maldives also scores low in this category (45). UK holidaymakers may also find that seeking a beach paradise on British soil isn't as economical as they might think, with Cornwall coming in 14th place in the overall rankings due to the unpredictable British climate and its relatively high cost.
Bruce Fair continues: "Given the clear emphasis placed by consumers on the overall affordability of holidays and the cost of buying goods once they arrive at their destination, it is no surprise that a number of the holiday hotspots historically favoured by UK holidaymakers such as Cyprus (8th), Crete (9th) and Spain's Balearic Islands (10th) are outranked by cheaper neighbouring non-Eurozone beach destinations. However, if the pound continues its rally against the euro, we should see these destinations climb back up the rankings and Britons returning to their more traditional holiday haunts.
After cost considerations, the most important holiday criteria for consumers are security (81%) and climate (78%), which rank 4th and 5th on their priority list; tourist attractions only take 7th place (65%) out of a possible 10.
The secluded Maldives is the most secure beach destination with 30 crimes committed on average per 1,000 people and the most police officers per capita (7.8 per 1,000); while Sydney fares worst with 106 crimes and just 2.1 police officers per 1,000 people. In terms of climate, Sharm el Sheikh in Egypt comes out on top, with hardly any rain, an average of 13 hours of sunshine per day and temperatures averaging 35°C. Cornwall ranks bottom of the list with average temperatures of just 19°C, seven hours of sunshine per day and 12 days of rain per month. For culture vultures, Lanarca in Cyprus comes top of the sightseeing spots with 3.8 heritage sites per 1 million people, and Dubrovnik in Croatia takes second place (1.6 sites per 1 million people). The Maldives, Goa and Bali fare worst in the cultural rankings.
The Kelkoo Travel Index also predicts a more positive outlook for the UK travel sector in 2010. Travel expenditure is expected to reach £41.1bn or £669 per person in 2010, a modest £1bn increase on 2009, when travel sales plummeted by -8.4% or £3.7bn since pre-recession 2008. Online travel bookings are also set to continue their recession-busting performance, having soared by 18.5% from 13bn to £15.6bn between 2008 and 2009, and to an estimated £17.6bn by the end of 2010 – a 13% rise on last year and equivalent to 42.8% of all UK travel expenditure.


text:
Siem Reap Secrets: 5 secrets hiding in plain sight
Five Hidden Highlights of Taiwan
Bike, Sip, Hike & Kayak- Highlights of Southern Thailand
Crafting a Genuine Adventure Tour in Uzbekistan
7 Reasons to Cycle Sri Lanka, Now!
Is this our best cycle tour of Southern Thailand yet?
6 Ideal Tours for Private Groups
Top 6 Highlights of Jeju Island, Korea
Adventure Tours That Include Everyone
9 Reasons to Explore Japan by E-Bike
Top 5 Bike and Beach Destinations
10 Essentials for Cycle Touring
Best Bike Tours for Casual or First-Time Riders in 2021
The word on the street from wheels to the web.
Blogging with Grasshopper Adventures.
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In the Mekong Delta flat, gentle paths criss-cross endless rice fields and abundant fruit & vegetable farms, immersing our bike groups in a landscape, and a way of life, in many ways unchanged for decades. Though it is less than…
Blair Bikes Uzbekistan
By Blair in Tashkent
Grasshopper Adventures' Expeditions Engineer, Blair, was the first of our clan to visit Uzbekistan, and knowing little about it, arrived with nothing but an open mind...and soon after that a dose of culture shock! Everyone knows where India and China…
5 Great Reasons for Green Season Touring in Southeast Asia
Updated Jan 6, 2021 Many people are put off visiting the tropics during the wet season, believing they will be stuck in their hotel rooms gazing forlornly at torrential rain pouring down outside. But the truth is very different, it…

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Beneath the Veneer | A documentary about opportunity, success and inequity in America.
Beneath The Veneer is an independent documentary film about opportunity, success and inequity in the United States.
What is success in the United States, and what does it take to succeed? The American Dream tells us that hard work and determination can overcome any obstacle on the path to success. Yet history has shown that those without access to wealth, power or privilege are less likely to experience success. If wealth, power and privilege have traditionally enabled individuals and communities to succeed, how do historically marginalized and disenfranchised communities prepare their youth for the future? And what does that look like through the eyes of their youth?
Beneath the Veneer is a story set in Asheville, North Carolina. It is also an American story, one that is being lived by millions of people every day; from Southern Appalachia across North Carolina; from The South to the rest of the US. In pursuit of this story we go beneath the veneer of the American Dream and ask–what are the obstacles to success, how and by whom are they being challenged, what is success, what does it take to succeed? And ultimately, what does this mean to these young men, their friends, their families, their communities and their country?
Beneath the Veneer Filmmakers will be sharing highlights, stories, special events and screenings during the making of the film. Stay tuned in and subscribe!
Welcome Aboard! Thanks for being a part of the project.


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(Photo by Julian Finney/Getty Images)
Arsenal manager Mikel Arteta 'delighted' to secure Hibs friendly
Arsenal manager Mikel Arteta is 'delighted to have organised' a friendly with Hibs as the English Premier League giants prepare to travel to Edinburgh.
Arteta's side will travel to Scotland for a pre-season training camp ahead of the 2020/21 season. Arsenal will face Rangers and Hibs on their travels, vital preparation for Hibs too, who will compete in European football next season under head coach Jack Ross.
Arsenal travel to Hibs in the summer. (Photo by Ian MacNicol/Getty Images)
The game will take place on July 13th, with a 18:00 currently scheduled. Arteta said: "We're pleased to confirm our second game in Scotland as part of a week-long training camp that will help us prepare for the 2021/22 season.
"The matches against Hibs and Rangers will be good tests for us and we're looking forward to playing against two strong opponents. Pre-season is an important time for the squad and we're delighted to have this organised early so we can get the most out of the two matches and the training camp."
NTOF now offers a YouTube channel featuring exclusive interviews, post-match discussion, in-depth debate, and much more – LIKE and SUBSCRIBE and don't miss any of our videos
Tags: Arsenal, Hibs, Hibs v Arsenal, mikel arteta, Scottish football, Scottish Premiership
Hibs reject reported £2.25m bid for in-demand Easter Road star
Hibs star handed two-match ban over 'inept' cup final comments
Patrick Cregg has friends on both sides of Hibs v St Johnstone as he assesses Scottish Cup final
Hibs' Martin Boyle brushes off speculation as he insists 'nothing changes'


Tubing, piping, couplings and casing connections used for offshore oil exploration and drilling must withstand extremely inhospitable operating environments. In addition to extremely high forces, temperatures and pressure, these components are exposed to a constant onslaught of acid, mud and slurry. Assuring structural integrity requires static and cyclic tests that validate product designs and verify manufacturing quality. Casing and tubing connection tests typically follow ISO 13679 procedures to determine performance envelopes, and to establish test and limit loads.


The one constant in our politics is the blame game. Hillary makes a racist joke. Sports and politics in the great state of Ohio.
We give you the latest on the mail bomb news and the unfortunate rhetoric surrounding it. Plus, LeBron, Bannon, Avenatti, CTE, and football picks.
JC and Joel pound their two favorite whipping posts – DC Pols and the NCAA – for unforced errors and failures in public relations.
Everything is Awful. Except maybe the Rams.


Interviewing for this year's Local Government Services Survey will start this Thursday, February 1.
The phone survey is undertaken by Local Government Victoria (via a contractor), on behalf of the State Government. All councils are obliged to participate in some form of community survey each year.
Each year around 400 residents in Greater Bendigo aged over 18 are randomly selected for interview and they are asked to rank the Council's performance based on a number of indicators, such as customer service and service delivery.
City of Greater Bendigo Chief Executive Officer Craig Niemann said the survey was an opportunity for those who received a call to provide feedback on Council services.
"The information collected will be compared to the City's past results across a range of measures, as well as the state-wide and regional centre averages," Mr Niemann said.
"The results also help Council to meet its annual reporting obligations to the State Government through the Local Government Performance Reporting Framework.
The survey results will be given to Council around the middle of the year.


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Famous People Born On February27th
An individual born on February 27 falls under the 12th sign, which is Pisces. The fish is the ruling symbol of this star sign, and like the fish these individuals live a life below the surface. The world of their mind is rich and deep, they are dreamers, thinkers and quite content to remain lost in their thoughts. However, they are also deeply intuitive people who care strongly about the needs of others. While often considered quiet or shy, they are very compassionate and tend to put the needs of others before their own. They must also be careful to pay attention to their own needs and not be taken advantage of by others.
Vote for Your Favourite People Born On February27th
(One of the Best Actresses of Classic Hollywood Cinema)
Birthplace: Hampstead, London, England
Considered an incandescent beauty, Elizabeth Taylor was a very popular and successful actor and her legacy is an everlasting one. She shone in movies like A Place in the Sun, Giant, Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, Cleopatra, Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf and Butterfield 8 in the 1950s and 60s. Recipient of two Oscars, she married eight times.
(Roman Emperor)
Birthplace: Naissus, Moesia, Roman Empire
Constantine the Great served as the Roman emperor between 306 and 337. During his reign, he enacted financial, administrative, military, and social reforms to strengthen the empire. Constantine the Great is also credited with introducing the solidus, a gold coin which became the standard for European and Byzantine currencies for over a thousand years.
Birthplace: Bedford, New York, United States
Historical Facts & Events On 27th February
February 1st (339)
February 2nd (379)
(American Writer and Winner of the 1962 Nobel Prize in Literature)
Birthplace: Salinas, California, United States
Died: December 20, 1968
Famous for his novels The Grapes of Wrath and Tortilla Flat, John Ernst Steinbeck was noted for his sympathy for the plight of workers in his books. The Nobel laureate, who said he did not deserve the prize, authored 33 books, some of which were best sellers during his time. His books were also adapted into films.
February 3rd (307)
February 4th (305)
Shen Yue
(Actress, Model)
Birthplace: Wugang, Hunan
Shen Yue is a Chinese actress, model, and singer. She is known for playing important roles in TV series like A Love So Beautiful. Also known for her philanthropic efforts, Shen Yue won the Next Generation Influencers for Global Philanthropy award in 2019. The same year, she won the Philanthropy Idol of the Year at the Madame Figaro Fashion Awards.
(Singer-songwriter with Four Solo Multi-Platinum Certified Albums)
Josh Groban is an American actor, singer-songwriter, and record producer. Groban had a major impact on the music industry right after making his debut. He has sold over 20 million albums inside a decade, with his first four solo albums receiving multi-platinum certifications. Also a well-known philanthropist, Groban has performed for several charity events.
Joanne Woodward
Birthplace: Thomasville, Georgia, U.S.
Joanne Woodward is best remembered for her Academy Award-winning performance as three characters in The Three Faces of Eve, and for her multiple award-winning TV projects. The first entertainer to get a Hollywood Walk of Fame "star," she was also in the news for her marriage to Paul Newman.
Adam Baldwin
Birthplace: Winnetka, Illinois, United States
Adam Baldwin is an American actor known for playing important roles in films like Full Metal Jacket and Ordinary People. Also known for his humanitarian efforts, Baldwin supports Ride 2 Recovery, an organization established for the rehabilitation of veterans wounded in wars. Popular on social media, Baldwin is credited with introducing the hashtag #GamerGate with respect to the GamerGate controversy.
February 10th (311)
(First American poet to translate Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy)
Birthplace: Portland, Maine, United States
Ji Sung
Birthplace: Seoul, South Korea
Ji Sung is best known for his performances in South Korean series such as Secret Love, Save the Last Dance for Me, and Kill Me, Heal Me, and in films such as My PS Partner. He has won scores of awards, such as the KBS, SBS, and MBC Drama Awards.
(Best Known for Her Role as 'Raven Reyes' in the TV Series 'The 100')
Lindsey Morgan is an American actress best known for playing Raven Reyes in the popular post-apocalyptic sci-fi drama TV series, The 100. A self-made woman, Lindsey Morgan started her career by appearing in commercials and print ads. She then got her big breakthrough in 2012 when she was cast to play Kristina Davis in the daytime soap opera General Hospital.
(American Lawyer and Politician Known for His Involvement in Consumer Protection and Environmentalism)
Birthplace: Winsted, Connecticut, United States
Ralph Nader's book Unsafe at Any Speed was his critique of the safety measures of U.S. automobile manufacturers. His activism has led to the passage of acts such as the Consumer Product Safety Act. One of Time's 100 Most Influential Americans, he inspired the documentary An Unreasonable Man.
Rozonda Thomas
Birthplace: Atlanta, Georgia, United States
Rozonda Thomas, better known as Chilli, soared to fame as a member of the 1990s' pop band TLC. She later founded the charity Chilli's Crew and also launched the handbag line Bags by Chilli. She has also released solo singles, produced a biopic, and starred in her own reality show.
Birthplace: Gastonia, North Carolina, USA
Birthplace: Philadelphia
Died: April 8, 1993
Seo Hyun-jin
(South Korean Actress and Singer Best Known for Her Role in the TV Series 'Another Miss Oh')
The main vocalist of group M.I.L.K, Seo Hyun-jin saw a watershed moment in her career when she appeared in The Sound of Music, followed by various appearances in number of films and television series. She gained immense popularity when she starred in Another Miss Oh, after which there was no looking back.
February 21st (313)
February 22nd (366)
February 23rd (276)
Joan Bennett
Birthplace: Fort Lee, New Jersey, United States
Joan Bennett was an American actress best remembered for her femme fatale roles in movies like The Woman in the Window and Man Hunt. Her contribution to the film industry earned her a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, although she also made immense contributions to radio, TV, and theater.
(American Football Player)
Birthplace: Torrance, California, United States
( Austrian Occultist, Social Reformer and Founder of 'Anthroposophy' Spiritualist Movement)
Birthplace: Hungary ,Austrian
Austrian philosopher and architect and Rudolf Steiner gained fame as a literary critic and published works such as The Philosophy of Freedom. His interests included esotericism and clairvoyance. He termed his work spiritual science. He designed the Goetheanum and also laid down concepts such as Waldorf education and biodynamic agriculture.
Rie Takahashi
(Japanese Voice Actress and Singer)
Birthplace: Saitama, Japan
Japanese voice actor and singer Rie Takahashi is best known for her work in the anime series Seiyu's Life! She has voiced major characters in video games and anime films and series, such as Megumin in KonoSuba, Takagi in Teasing Master Takagi-san, and Hu Tao in Genshin Impact.
Johnny Van Zant
Birthplace: Jacksonville, Florida, U.S.
Ten singer
Birthplace: Bangkok, Thailand
Franchot Tone
Birthplace: Niagara Falls, New York, United States
Howard Hesseman
(Actor, Television actor)
Birthplace: Lebanon
Chandler Jones
Birthplace: Rochester, New York, United States
Chris Godwin
Birthplace: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
Mary Frann
Sandeep Singh
(Indian Field Hckey Player)
Birthplace: Shahabad Markanda, Haryana
Sandeep Singh is an Indian field hockey player who led the Indian team in the 2009 Sultan Azlan Shah Cup where his team defeated Malaysia in the finals. Singh also helped his team win a silver medal at the 2010 Commonwealth Games. He was honored with the prestigious Arjuna Award in 2010. His life inspired the 2018 biographical film Soorma.
Lawrence Durrell
(Novelist)
Birthplace: Jalandhar
Lawrence Durrell, eldest brother of naturalist and author Gerald Durrell, was a poet and writer whose best-known work is The Alexandria Quartet, the tetralogy of novels, including the famous book Justine. Constance from The Avignon Quintet earned a Booker Prize nomination. He is also known for his extensive travel writing.
Megan Young
Birthplace: Alexandria, Virginia, USA
(Guitarist)
Birthplace: Hackney, London, England
Sergej Milinković-Savić
(Spanish-Born Serbian Football Midfielder)
Birthplace: Lleida, Spain
Spanish-born Serbian footballer Sergej Milinković-Savić currently plays for the Italian club Lazio. A talented midfielder, he is the son of former footballer Nikola Milinković. He was part of the Serbian squad that won the 2015 FIFA U-20 World Cup. He has also been named Lazio Player of the Season twice.
(Screenwriter)
Birthplace: California, United States
(Aerospace engineer)
Birthplace: Ishpeming, Michigan, United States
John Connally
Birthplace: Floresville, Texas, United States
(Saxophonist)
Hou Yifan
(Chinese Chess Grandmaster and Second Highest Rated Female Player of All Time)
Birthplace: Xinghua, China
Hou Yifan is a Chinese chess player who won two gold medals at the 2010 Asian Games. Hou, who achieved the grandmaster title in 2008, is the second-highest-rated female chess player ever. Hou is also the youngest ever player to win the Women's World Chess Championship title. She is also regarded as the greatest female chess player of her generation.
Duce Staley
Birthplace: West Columbia, South Carolina, United States
(Former Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States)
Birthplace: Ashland, Alabama, United States
Devin Harris
Birthplace: Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
Li Bingbing
Birthplace: Harbin
Theo Stevenson
Birthplace: Oxfordshire
JWoww
(Television Personality Known for Her MTV Reality Series 'Jersey Shore')
Birthplace: East Greenbush, New York, United States
JWoww is an American TV personality best known for appearing in the popular reality television series, Jersey Shore. Before appearing in Jersey Shore, JWoww owned Jenni Farley Designs, Inc., a graphic design business. Also known for her good looks, JWoww was named in GQ magazine's list of Sexiest 100 Ladies of the 21st Century in January 2013.
(Rock guitarist, songwriter, and vocalist, best known for his work with the bands Journey and Bad English)
Birthplace: Tinker Air Force Base, Oklahoma, United States
Priyanka Karki
Birthplace: Kathmandu, Nepal
Chip Caray
(Television Host)
George Herbert Mead
(Philosopher)
Birthplace: South Hadley, Massachusetts, United States
American philosopher and social psychologist George Herbert Mead was one of the pioneers of pragmatism and symbolic interactionism. He taught at the University of Chicago, and his ideas later came to be known as the Chicago school of sociology. His notable lectures were published as books only after his death.
(Italian Fashion Designer Best Known as the Founder of the Italian Fashion House 'Moschino')
Birthplace: Abbiategrasso, Italy
Franco Moschino was an Italian fashion designer. Interested in fine arts from a young age, he became an illustrator for designer Gianni Versace and also worked as a freelance fashion illustrator. He later launched his own fashion house, Moschino, which specialized in leather accessories, shoes, and luggage. He also designed lingerie, casual wear, and evening wear.
Donal Logue
(Actor and Producer Known for His TV Series: 'Sons of Anarchy', 'Vikings' and 'Grounded for Life')
The Harvard University graduate is a film and television actor, the lead role in The Tao of Steve being a highlight of his career. Since his debut in 1992, Donal Logue has been cast in supporting roles in a number of films. The Canadian-born American, who is also a producer and writer, holds a license for driving Class-A commercial vehicles.
Timothy Spall
Birthplace: Battersea, London, England, UK
Personality Traits & Characteristics of Famous People Born on February 27
People born on this day tend have an easy going and caring personality. They are defined by their feelings, and although they are comfortable in the inner world of their mind, they also care strongly for others. These people often go with the flow in social situations, and are more than happy to just be with others; however, they are also very intellectual and love nothing more than a deep conversation with close friends.
Those with a February 27 birthday can be very accident-prone. Often lost in their internal world, they can be oblivious to potentials dangers around them. They do tend to follow a healthy diet and get sufficient exercise, however, they must learn to focus on their surroundings to offset their accident-prone nature.
Happy with a modest lifestyle and just spending time with others, those born on this day usually do well with not overspending. Their intelligence and creativity usually leads to long-term career success, so they tend to be financially successful by middle age.
The creative nature of those born on this day requires them to find a job that challenges their mind. They get bored easily and will not do well in a job with mundane tasks. A career that will allow their creativity to flourish is more important to them than a high paying career.
Relationships, Marriage And Children
Persons born on this day are optimistic about new relationships. They feel incomplete when not in a relationship, and truly believe that everyone has a soul mate. Their caring and easy-going nature can sometimes lead to them being too self-sacrificing in relationships, so they need to make sure there is balance within the relationship. Because of their emotional nature they can be easily hurt in relationships. However, the intuitiveness of those born on this day, can help them assess early on whether or not a relationship will work and avoid bad relationships. Pisces tend to become very loving and caring parents, although they struggle with being disciplinarians to their children. They match best with other water signs, such as, Cancer and Scorpio.
Lucky Colors: Red, Pink, Orange, and White
Lucky Numbers: 3 and 9
Lucky Days (of the week): Thursday, Tuesday
Lucky Days (of the month): 2nd, 9th


The Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (VICP) in Taiwan was established in 1988. The program aims at timely clarification of causal relationship between injury and immunization, and rapid compensation for affected individuals caused by immunization. The process starts from the application submitted by affected individuals, followed by information collection by health authorities and causality assessment and compensation decision made by the review committee. As of March 2018, 1699 cases had been reviewed and among them 757 cases were compensated. In the future, the competent authority will strengthen the collaboration between the central and local health authorities, and to simplify the application process, in order to minimize doubt and hesitancy about immunization, to implement epidemic prevention or control policies, and to protect public's health.


AIM (Apple, IBM, Motorola) alliance member, IBM has uncovered a cost-cutting manufacturing process for LCDs (liquid crystal displays).
The new technique involves aligning crystal molecules inside flat-panel LCDs, a principle called atomic beam alignment (ABA). This provides higher screen-quality, as well as large savings for LCD manufacturers, IBM said yesterday.
IBM will begin full production of LCD screens using ABA by the end of this year, and may license the patented technology to other manufacturers.
Falling into align ABA will replace an effect first discovered 95 years ago, when it was noted that rubbing a polymer substrate with a velvet cloth caused liquid crystals deposited on the substrate to align with the rubbed traces.
Without alignment of the crystals, useable LCDs cannot be built, so until now, LCD manufacturers have used the rubbing technique for the last 20 years to build notebook-computer and mobile-phone displays.
IBM's method involves depositing a thin layer of diamond-like carbon, instead of using a polymer substrate. Then, an ion gun shoots atoms at an angle, pushing aside many of the surface carbon atoms. When the rod-shaped liquid-crystal molecules are added, one end of each molecule attaches to an exposed carbon atom – resulting in the alignment of all the liquid crystal molecules in the direction of the rows.


Music Therapy is the clinical and evidence-based use of music interventions to accomplish individualized goals within a therapeutic relationship by a credentialed professional who has completed an approved music therapy program.
Music is a non-invasive therapy medium that is both success-oriented and motivating. The Process of making music is interactive, supportive, and playful. This "lubricates the process of change".


A list of Citizendium articles, and planned articles, about N1 rocket.
See also changes related to N1 rocket, or pages that link to N1 rocket or to this page or whose text contains "N1 rocket".
Auto-populated based on Special:WhatLinksHere/N1 rocket. Needs checking by a human.
This page was last modified 23:45, 11 January 2010.


A number of postdoc positions are available in the Translational Disease Systems Biology group at The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research (CPR – www.cpr.ku.dk).
The Center has been established at the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, to promote basic and applied discovery research on human proteins of medical relevance.
The Center comprises a wide range of expertise and resources including proteomics, protein production, bioinformatics and general characterization of disease mechanisms. The Programme for Disease Systems Biology consists of two research groups covering many systems level aspects of biology and medicine, including the integration of molecular-level data and healthcare data, for example laboratory test data and biomedical texts.


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Grumman E-2B Hawkeye
1. Grumman E-2B Hawkeye Marker
Grumman E-2B Hawkeye. . . Eye in the Sky Housing a powerful search radar antenna, the E-2's 24-foot diameter rotating dome is unmistakable. The first aircraft designated for Airborne Early Warning, the E-2 conducts air, sea, and land surveillance. It can control aircraft for tactical missions and carrier launch and recovery operations. Naval Air Test Center (NATC) personnel tested the first generation E-2A in the 1962-1964 timeframe. Unfortunately, E-2As proved to be unreliable in service. So, like the aircraft before you, E-2As were converted into E-2Bs in the early 1970s. E-2B reliability enhancements, including a new mission computer and improved avionics cooling, began a process of evolutionary improvement that led to the current E-2D Advanced Hawkeye, which was fielded in 2013. The C-2 Greyhound cargo aircraft is also derived from the basic E-2 airframe. . . Our Display Aircraft Bureau Number 152476 was built as an E-2A and accepted by the Navy on 3 February 1966. Our Hawekeye served with various fleet squadrons before being converted to an E-2B in January 1971. As an E-2B, it served with NATC's Service Test Division as well as several fleet squadrons. Our E-2's last flight in July 1985 returned it to NAS Patuxent River, after logging 6,700 flight hours, 771 catapult launches, and 785 arrested landings. It joined the PRNAM flight line in September 1986. . .
. Primary Mission: Airborne Early Warning, Command & Control . . Crew: Pilot, Copilot, Radar Operator/Flight Technician, Combat Information Center Officer, and Air Control Officer . . U.S. Service Timeline (E-2 Series): 1964 - present . . Max. Gross Weight: 51,000 lb . . Dimensions: 56.3 ft length, 80.6 ft wing span . . Propulsion: Two Allison T56-A-426 turboprop engines . . Max Operating Speed: 150 MPH (sea level) . . Armament: None
. . This aircraft is on loan from the National Naval Aviation Museum at Pensacola, Florida . . This historical marker was erected by Patuxent River Naval Air Museum. It is in Lexington Park in St. Mary's County Maryland
Eye in the Sky Housing a powerful search radar antenna, the E-2's 24-foot diameter rotating dome is unmistakable. The first aircraft designated for Airborne Early Warning, the E-2 conducts air, sea, and land surveillance. It can control aircraft for tactical missions and carrier launch and recovery operations. Naval Air Test Center (NATC) personnel tested the first generation E-2A in the 1962-1964 timeframe. Unfortunately, E-2As proved to be unreliable in service. So, like the aircraft before you, E-2As were converted into E-2Bs in the early 1970s. E-2B reliability enhancements, including a new mission computer and improved avionics cooling, began a process of evolutionary improvement that led to the current E-2D Advanced Hawkeye, which was fielded in 2013. The C-2 Greyhound cargo aircraft is also derived from the basic E-2 airframe.
Our Display Aircraft Bureau Number 152476 was built as an E-2A and accepted by the Navy on 3 February 1966. Our Hawekeye served with various fleet squadrons before being converted to an E-2B in January 1971. As an E-2B, it served with NATC's Service Test Division as well as several
2. Grumman E-2B Hawkeye
fleet squadrons. Our E-2's last flight in July 1985 returned it to NAS Patuxent River, after logging 6,700 flight hours, 771 catapult launches, and 785 arrested landings. It joined the PRNAM flight line in September 1986.
• Primary Mission: Airborne Early Warning, Command & Control
• Crew: Pilot, Copilot, Radar Operator/Flight Technician, Combat Information Center Officer, and Air Control Officer
• U.S. Service Timeline (E-2 Series): 1964 - present
• Propulsion: Two Allison T56-A-426 turboprop engines
• Max Operating Speed: 150 MPH (sea level)
• Armament: None
Location. 38° 16.545′ N, 76° 27.703′ W. Marker is in Lexington Park, Maryland, in St. Mary's County. Marker can be reached from Three Notch Road (Maryland Route 235) north of Buse Road, on the right when traveling north. Touch for map. Marker is at or near this postal address: 22156 Three Notch Road, Lexington Park MD 20653, United States of America. Touch for directions.
Other nearby markers. At least 8 other markers are within walking distance of
this marker. McDonnell Douglas F/A-18A Hornet (a few steps from this marker); North American T-39D Sabreliner (a few steps from this marker); Boeing X-32B JSF Demonstrator (a few steps from this marker); Lockheed S-3B Viking (a few steps from this marker); Grumman NF-14D Tomcat (a few steps from this marker); Grumman S-2D Tracker (within shouting distance of this marker); North American RA-5C Vigilante (within shouting distance of this marker); Mk-82 500-lb Snakeye Bomb (within shouting distance of this marker). Touch for a list and map of all markers in Lexington Park.
Categories. • Air & Space • Communications • Military •
More. Search the internet for Grumman E-2B Hawkeye.


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Q: Parse Index.js and Cloud code This may be a stupid question... But I don't know where to find the index.js file and the main.js file of the cloud code in my parse android project.

A: If you using parse.com :
You need to use parse.com command line tool: you edit locally in your machine, and then deploy your code. More info, in parse.com documentacion: https://parse.com/docs/js/guide#cloud-code
If parse-server:
https://github.com/ParsePlatform/parse-server
Configure your servers path on initilization. Then in the main.js you can place your code. Remember there is many ways to initilize the server. Just read the docs on the repo to better understand it.
cloud: '/home/myApp/cloud/main.js', // Absolute path to your Cloud Code

Use a ftp client to make things easier when editing the file etc. remember when making changes to the main.js file you will need to restart the parse-server again.
For Heroku:
Alot easier, just use there backend to set path for the cloud code. If the main.js file doesnt exsist. Just create your own one and stipulate a path to that file using the variable editor in Heroku backend.

https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/deploying-a-parse-server-to-heroku#configuring-your-parse-server-with-config-vars

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


FAAN listed the affected airports to include, Muritala Muhammed International Airport, Lagos, Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport, Abuja, Aminu Kano International Airport, Kano and Port Harcourt International Airport.
Managing Director of FAAN, Alhaji Saleh Dunoma said this in Ilorin, the Kwara state capital at a-one day summit organized by the state government and Nigerian Shippers' Council in collaboration with AirFreight Stakeholders' Forum.
Addressing the gathering, Dunoma added that the terminals would have facilities to handle perishable produce as well as dry cargo.
Represented by one of FAAN's General Managers, Mr. Sam Okwechime, he said that the authority had worked with "the Nigerian Custom Service and clearing agents to expedite the clearing of cargo at the airports; supported the building of cargo terminals all over the country to take advantage of the agricultural potential of the country.


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Keith Taylor (ur. 1 sierpnia 1953 w Southend-on-Sea, zm. 1 listopada 2022) – brytyjski polityk, w latach 2004–2006 jeden z dwojga głównych rzeczników angielskich Zielonych (GPEW), poseł do Parlamentu Europejskiego VII i VIII kadencji.

Życiorys
Zanim zaangażował się w działalność polityczną, był lokalnym przedsiębiorcą. W 1999 został wybrany do rady Brighton and Hove, zaś dwa lata później został liderem frakcji Zielonych w radzie miasta. W wyborach do Izby Gmin w 2005 w okręgu Brighton Pavilion uzyskał około 22% głosów, co stanowiło wówczas historycznie najlepszy wynik kandydata GPEW.

W 2010 zrezygnował z mandatu radnego w związku z objęciem (2 czerwca tegoż roku) mandatu w Parlamencie Europejskim, w którym zastąpił wybraną do Izby Gmin Caroline Lucas. W 2014 z powodzeniem ubiegał się o europarlamentarną reelekcję, w PE zasiadał do 2019.

Przypisy

Bibliografia

Brytyjscy posłowie do Parlamentu Europejskiego
Politycy Partii Zielonych Anglii i Walii
Brytyjscy samorządowcy
Urodzeni w 1953
Zmarli w 2022

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


<p">This all in one design is stable and chunky and contains no loose parts. Includes SFF rubber to protect your guitar's finish and comes with built in locking pins for fast and secure setup. Includes carry bag.


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Board Games for the Office
Guest Author - Lynn Little
Giving a gift to an office can be quite challenging. Whether it's a thank you to a client or a Christmas gift for your doctor's office, finding a unique way to show your appreciation can be a tall order. You have the standard gifts of popcorn tins or other delightful goodies. You could really go outside the box and give a board game. There are some that would make a great addition to a fun office setting.
Catch Phrase the electronic version makes a great gift for an office. It's easy to play and takes absolutely no prep work. It doesn't really even take teams to enjoy either. In Catch Phrase, a player tries to get their team to guess the phrase on the screen before time runs out. The first team to seven wins the game.
Guesstures the electronic version is just like the board game version but compact enough to take anywhere. Get your teammates to say the word of phrase in this charades game where you can only use gestures. An electronic version is great for an office since it's portable and doesn't have a lot of pieces. An office staff can play this on break or during a retreat.
Mental Floss trivia game is trivia taken to the next level. If you are familiar with the Mental Floss magazine, then you know that it is full of thought-provoking, unique articles. Imagine what the trivia must be like. It will certainly be a challenge even for the office trivia buff.
Wits and Wagers is a great game for an office since up to 21 players can play. Each game consists of seven rounds of trivia. Each answer is a number, and players or teams make their guess. Next they bet on which answer they think is closest to the actual answer.
Operation might take some set up time but can be a great break room stress reliever. Players take turns trying to remove body parts with tweezers without touching the sides of the board. Operation also comes in fun versions like Shrek and The Simpsons.
Honorable mention is the Dilbert the Board Game just because Dilbert champions the working person in his comic strip. His board game looks promising but with a playing time of 90 minutes won't work well with most office settings.
When choosing a board game for office workers, keep in mind the tone of the workplace. If it is fun and relaxed, then a board game will be a welcomed gift although giving a sweet treat is never a bad idea.
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Wits and Wagers
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What is it that makes Scotland so amazing?
Is it watching giant men throw giant logs?
Is it because there's something about a man in a kilt that just seems right to me? Especially when he's serving me drinks?
Or that I could listen to someone read the dictionary for hours on end as long as they did so in a Scottish accent?
Okay, no. For me, at least, it's not the haggis.
Here are a few highlights of the trip, from Highland cows to Highland games to getting buzzed at the "honor bar" of a bed and breakfast. Enjoy these – if you want to do so with a dram of Scotch whisky, that's totally up to you.


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NFL Divisional Round Playoffs Packers vs. Cardinals Betting Report
Packers vs. Cardinals Betting Report
The second game of Saturday's NFL Divisional round action will be a regular season rematch between the Packers and Cardinals at 8:15PM ET.
View NFL Divisional Round Odds
Oddsmakers from online sports book BetDSI currently list the Cardinals as 7.5-point favorites versus the Packers for tonight's game. The line did open at 7.5, but dipped to 7 in the middle of the week before rising back up to 7.5 late Friday night. As for the total, the number opened at 50 but was bet down to 49.5 on Saturday.
Our NFL Public Betting page shows the number of tickets that have been wagered on certain teams to cover the spread. In tonight's matchup, 60% of tickets are on Arizona to cover the 7.5-point spread.
Green Bay is 11-6 on the year and 10-7 against the spread, including 6-3 both SU and ATS on the road. Arizona is 13-3 overall and 9-7 at the betting window, including 6-2 SU and 3-5 ATS at University of Phoenix Stadium. When these two teams met in Week 16 of the regular season, the Cardinals routed the Packers 38-8 as a 6-point home favorite. Historically, the home team is 5-1 against the spread in the last six meetings between these two teams while the under has cashed in four of the last five meetings in Arizona.
ATS Odds & Ends
As a home favorite this season, the Cardinals are just 3-5 against the spread but won by an average margin of 8.0 points in those eight games. As a road underdog, the Packers are 2-1 against the number and won by an average margin of 1.3 points in those three contests. In conference games this season, the Cardinals are 8-4 ATS (13.6 MOV) and the Packers are 8-5 ATS (4.2 MOV).
Offense & Defense Rankings
The Packers rank sixth in the NFL in passing yards allowed this season, surrendering just 227.6 yards per game through the air. But despite Aaron Rodgers manning the offense, Green Bay also ranks 25th in the league in passing yards per game offensively (218.9).
As for Arizona, the Cardinals rank first in total yards (408.3), second in passing yards (288.5), second in points scored (30.6), and eighth in rushing yards (119.8) per game this season. They're also fifth in yards allowed (321.7), sixth in rushing yards allowed (91.2), seventh in points allowed (19.6), and eighth in passing yards allowed (230.4).
Bet NFL Divisional Round Games
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MBB Photo Gallery
MyBrownBaby Stands Against Ignorance: Return 'Invisible Man' to Schools in North Carolina!
by Nick Chiles — Sep 24, 2013
Perhaps by now you've heard that the school board in Randolph County, North Carolina, voted last week to ban Ralph Ellison's "Invisible Man" from the county's schools, after a parent wrote a letter objecting to the book's presence on her son's junior-year reading list.
This 61-year-old American classic, Ellison's eloquent, aching account of the black man's cultural isolation, was deemed filthy by Randolph County parent Kimiyutta Parson. With one mom's sensibilities offended, the board voted by a 5-2 margin to remove all copies of the book from school libraries—and proclaim its ignorance for all the world to hear.
"I didn't find any literary value," board member Gary Mason said of the 1953 National Book Award winner.
Objecting to the language in the book, Mason said of one of Time magazine's 100 best novels of the past century, "I'm for not allowing it to be available."
You should know that this attack on enlightenment came just a week after the president of Ohio's state school board described Toni Morrison's breathtaking novel,"The Bluest Eye," as "pornographic"—though she was kind enough to clarify that this was a personal opinion, not a board position.
After kicking up a firestorm of censure from across the globe, the Randolph County school board has called an emergency meeting tomorrow at 5 p.m. in Asheboro "for the purpose of reconsidering the status of the book entitled 'Invisible Man' by Ralph Ellison," according to the board announcement.
In 2013, it feels almost comically boneheaded and ignorant to imagine that school boards are still at this book-banning nonsense. One is tempted to dismiss it as some horribly ill-conceived and misguided backwoods ridiculousness—Hey Randolph County, 1973 called and said it wants its culture wars back!
But on second thought I realize this is ignorance that serves a purpose: It reminds us that the enemies are still out there among us, doing their dirty work below the surface, quietly corrupting young minds, surreptitiously poisoning potential, slowly shutting down hope. So we should offer a thanks to the Randolph County school board for reminding us that we can never get complacent. Perhaps we should send a bouquet of roses to Ohio School Board President Debe Terhar for letting us know that the forces of darkness are still active in the lives of our children.
I'm not the first to point out that we live in the Information Age—the Internet puts just about every morsel of information from across the globe just beyond our fingertips, accessible to anyone with a device that can sniff the worldwide web wafting through the air. So any inquiring mind can find anything it desires—including "Invisible Man" and "The Bluest Eye." No, banning books isn't about keeping information away from our children—it's about who will have cultural dominion over their minds. Any attempt to make them think more critically about their world must be beat back—even if that "radical" thinking was conjured more than 60 years ago.
What the Randolph County school board did was to try to steal away with one of our cultural heroes and turn him into a demon—just as mainstream culture has been demonizing the image of the black man in America for centuries.
We cannot let this happen. We must let them know that we revere our heroes and will fight for them. If the folks in Randolph County and in Ohio want to scream their ignorance out loud, they can do it somewhere else. We will turn down the sound.
I should point out here that not only is African-American culture not to be silenced—perhaps some in the mainstream community might have noticed that African-American culture is a worldwide force. If you are truly trying to silence the voices of black men, you got there about four or five decades too late.
(And by the way, Randolph County, you're seriously going after Ralph Ellison of all people? Have you ever heard of Lil Wayne?)
Randolph County should be commended for its timing: This is actually National Banned Books Week, an annual event started 30 years ago by the American Library Association to bring more attention to the many attempts to ban literature that happens every year in the U.S. After watching a video presentation on banned books in her school library, my sixth-grader came home incredulous that people would try to deny kids the right to read.
"It's so stupid!" she said. "If you don't want your kid to read it, don't let them read it. But how are you going to stop every kid from reading it?!"
Indeed, my child.
But something tells me that Mr. Ellison, that well-known activist and agitator, might be pleased to see he could still get a rise out of the powers-that-be, all these years later. To paraphrase Eddie Murphy: if your words are scaring white people in middle America, you must be saying something right.
Here at MyBrownBaby, we urge you to join the petition started by colorofchange.org, urging Randolph County to return Ellison to the shelves. As the colorofchange team says, "If a couple of bad press hits is enough to make Randolph reconsider, imagine how powerful thousands of our voices can be."
Sign the petition here to let your voice be heard.
Nick Chiles
Nick Chiles is a Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist and a New York Times bestselling author of 12 books, including the upcoming "The Rejected Stone: Al Sharpton and the Path To American Leadership," which he co-authored with Al Sharpton.
1953 national book award winner colorofchange petition invisible man ohio school board president ralph ellison randolph county north carolina school board toni morrison bluest eye pornographic
hidaya
I will spread the word!
◀ Act Like A Slave: Hartford Parents File Complaint After Students Forced To Re-Enact Slavery On Field Trip
▶ Brown Skin Beauty: Makeup Artist Muse Gives MyBrownBaby A (Much-Needed) Beauty and Makeup Overhaul


The SCOTT Scale 935 Series boasts a super light Carbon Fiber frame. Rock Shox suspension, a Sram 1x11 drivetrain and Syncros components combine to create a lightweight and efficient racing machine.
Scott's Scale has set the standard for cross country hardtails for over a decade. Renowned for their low weight, excellent lateral stiffness and vertical compliance, Scales offer everything you could want from a cross country hardtail. The latest Scale frame has been developed with the help of multiple World Champion Nino Schurter and already has World Cup wins to its name. With a frame which is optimised to its drivetrain, SDS2 shock damping technology, Boost hub spacing, new race inspired geometry and the latest carbon fibre layup technologies the Scott Scale retains its place as the very best cross country hardtail available today. The Scale 935 uses Scott's MF carbon fibre and is moulded using Scott's IMP technology to eliminate internal waste material and create a super lightweight frame without compromising stiffness or strength.
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A great Carbon Fibre XC frame with lightweight, no-nonsense parts.


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αρχιτεκτονική-διακόσμηση
Venice and Vitruvius
Reading Venice with Daniele Barbaro and Andrea Palladio
Συγγραφέας: D'Evelyn Margaret Muther
Εκδότης: Yale University Press
Αριθμός Σελίδων: 448
Σύνοψη του βιβλίου "Venice and Vitruvius"
In about 35-25 B.C.E., the Roman architect Vitruvius produced his encyclopedic ten-book summary of the principles of Hellenistic architecture, De architectura (On Architecture). These ideas have stimulated architects ever since. In the mid-16th century, the architect Andrea Palladio (1508-1580) and the humanist Daniele Barbaro (1513-1570) looked to the city of Venice in order to understand and interpret Vitruvius's text - still in need of clarification - which would enable them to solve contemporary architectural problems. They found in the city's medieval and Renaissance streets, palaces, churches, and towers living principles that enabled them to interpret the ancient principles. By 1556, Barbaro had incorporated their observations into his "Commentaries" on Vitruvius, and two distinctly new editions for different audiences followed a decade later. Margaret D'Evelyn has gathered evidence to document how Palladio's understanding of Vitruvius influenced Barbaro. This engrossing volume also charts the invention of the illustrated architectural book and how major architect-authors, such as Leon Battista Alberti and Sebastiano Serlio, contributed to its development - demonstrating how Vitruvius shaped the way the city of Venice was viewed.
Συγγραφέας/εις: D'Evelyn Margaret Muther
Κατηγορία: αρχιτεκτονική-διακόσμηση
Τόπος έκδοσης: New Haven
Βάρος βιβλίου: 1302 gr
Λεπτομέρειες εικονογράφησης: 142 line drawings + 1 color illus.


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Magma detectives: studying volcanic arcs to find valuable minerals in Earth's crust
Mining companies are having to look deeper in the Earth's crust for copper and other precious metals, but how do they know where to look? Scientists working on the FAMOS research project are searching for clues in the minerals formed in the magma plumbing systems of ancient volcanoes
Mining companies are finding it increasingly difficult to search for ore deposits. This is because most of the easily accessible deposits in the Earth's shallow crust have already been discovered. Modern society is very much reliant on metals: for example, gold, lithium, aluminium, cobalt and copper are just some of the metals you'll find in your mobile phone. If ore deposits are becoming harder to find, how will manufacturers source the metals that are necessary to produce the technologies we use and need?
Prof Jamie Wilkinson is a geochemist working at the Natural History Museum and Imperial College London in the UK. He and his colleagues Prof Jon Blundy, Prof Matthew Jackson and Dr Dan Smith are leading the "From Arc Magmas to Ores" (FAMOS) research project, which involves probing deep in the Earth's crust. Their aim is to find out how molten rocks (also known as magmas) form, evolve and – rarely – end up producing ores.
KEY FACT
Ores – Naturally-occurring chemical compounds (or minerals) that are rich in metals. Most of the common metal ores are sulphides and oxides. For example, chalcopyrite is a sulphide of copper and iron, and is the principal source of copper worldwide. Ores form in "traps" in the Earth's shallow crust.
For a description of how metals are extracted, check out GCSE Science's 'Extraction of Metals':
http://www.gcsescience.com/ex1.htm
Magmas are responsible for some of the largest deposits of metals on Earth. These "porphyry deposits" are formed at subduction zones, which is where tectonic plates meet and one tectonic plate bends and slides under the other. It is also where you'll find volcanoes and earthquakes. By investigating the journey of metals like copper from magma to the Earth's shallow crust, the FAMOS team are not only answering key questions about how our planet works; they are paving the way for innovative exploration tools to help mining companies find and extract new metal deposits.
WHAT IS THE FAMOS TEAM DOING, EXACTLY?
"We are studying different aspects of the evolution of magmas," says Jamie, "from where they are first generated deep in subduction zones to when they finally reach the shallow crust and crystallise." The geoscientists are particularly interested in volcanic arcs that form above subduction zones. Volcanic arcs are curved chains of volcanoes that are hundreds to thousands of kilometres long; they are also the source of much of the world's copper. As Jamie says, if the team can work out how magmas, metals and fluids such as water are cycled through the subduction zone they will be able to "track the whole set of critical processes that may ultimately lead to the formation of very rich, but also very rare, copper deposits."
WHY IS THE FOCUS ON COPPER?
The ores that the team is investigating contain other metals such as gold, molybdenum (a useful metal in alloys) and rhenium (a rare and precious element), but copper is particularly sought after. This is because it has so many uses. Electrical wiring, water pipes, computers, and mobile phones are just some examples; and as we transition to renewable energies even more copper will be needed.
"About eight times as much copper is needed per kW-hour of electricity generation via renewable sources than is used in conventional power generation," explains Jamie. "This is due to the extra wiring and metal components required."
HOW WILL THE RESEARCH BENEFIT THE MINING INDUSTRY?
Since most of the ores exposed at the Earth's surface have already been found, mining companies are having to look for hidden deposits deeper (up to a kilometre) below the surface. This poses many challenges. For example, how can they tell if they will find enough copper?
Magmas produce varying amounts of copper because the ore-forming process depends on a set of favourable conditions that are not always met. Some hard minerals like zircon, which can be weathered out of rocks and found on the Earth's surface, contain valuable information about the magma in which they were formed. If the researchers know which conditions are best suited to creating copper-rich ore deposits and this information is recorded in zircon crystals, then these crystals could be used as a pointer for mining companies.
PROF JAMIE WILKINSON
Research Leader in Mineral Deposits, Natural History Museum; Professor of Geology, Imperial College London, UK
FIELD OF RESEARCH: Geochemistry
RESEARCH PROJECT: The research, known as FAMOS (From Arc Magmas to Ores), aims to understand the processes that cause metals to be concentrated in magmatic arcs. This understanding will enable the
scientists to develop exploration tools for finding new mineral resources.
FUNDERS: Natural Environment Research Council
(NERC)
TO READ JAMIE'S INTERVIEW SEE 'ASK PROF JAMIE WILKINSON'
MEET THE FAMOS TEAM LEADS
I am an igneous petrologist with an interest in all things magmatic, from how rocks melt to why volcanoes erupt.
I am interested to see what the similarities and differences are between magmatic systems that erupt and magmatic systems that form giant copper ore deposits.
My advice to people starting out on their career path is to study hard at school, especially the sciences. Take an interest in the world around you and be passionate about the things that interest you.
My role in this project is to understand and predict the fluid mechanical processes that control the formation of copper deposits. Fluid mechanics is the science of how and why fluids like water and liquid molten rock (magma) flow. The available evidence suggests that copper is dissolved in magma when it is transported from deep in the Earth towards the Earth's surface.
At some depth, the host fluid changes from magma to hot water or water vapour known as volatiles. Volatiles carry the copper to the surface, or within a few kilometres of the surface, where it crystallises to form the solid copper deposits we find today. So, flow of fluids – whether these are "magma" or "volatiles" – is of huge importance in creating copper deposits.
My advice to young people is to be curious! Ask questions. Look around you. Read! If you don't understand how something works, find out. Challenge the status quo but recognise that science needs evidence to prove (or disprove) a theory or model – an opinion, however passionately held, is not enough. And don't feel that your ambition should be limited by the school you attend, your gender or ethnicity, or what your parents do. Good science – and good scientists – spring from all walks of life.
My speciality is in magmatic-hydrothermal systems – or, more simply, volcanic rocks and the hot water and gases that flow through them. Sometimes they produce deposits of metals (gold, silver, copper and more), but most of the time, nothing.
In this project, I'm looking for "early warning signs" in the rocks that will tell us that we'll find something – or nothing – before we, or colleagues in the minerals exploration industry, spend time, money and energy looking in the wrong places.
My advice is to do what you enjoy. I took up geology because I liked the little snippets of geoscience I received during GCSE study. I enjoyed the A-level and chased it at degree. During my degree I liked the chemistry components of geology, volcanoes and ore deposits.
I never picked my "next steps" based on what I thought would get me the best job or most money. I simply focused on the parts of my education and experience I enjoyed the most, and picked my path forward based on doing more of the things I enjoyed.
It's vital to get experience, though. There were some things I thought I might enjoy professionally, but after work experience – not so much! Work experience isn't just about stuffing your CV; it's about getting a feel for whether you really want to do that job.
The FAMOS research team is searching for clues in the minerals formed in the magma plumbing systems of ancient volcanoes
Jamie carrying out fieldwork at high altitude in the Collahuasi district of northern Chile
The large open pit copper mine at Southwest Oyu, one of the ore deposits currently being developed by Rio Tinto in the Oyu Tolgoi district, South Gobi Desert, Mongolia
A career in geology can take you all over the world. Here, early career researcher from the FAMOS team, Dr Matthew Loader, examines rock samples obtained by drilling up to 1 km below the Earth's surface at the Resolution copper deposit, Arizona, USA.
Staff from the NERC FAMOS and VoiLA projects demonstrate the importance of volatiles in subduction zones, volcanic eruptions and ore formation to schoolchildren attending the Imperial Festival of Science, Technology and Medicine in London, UK. See: http://www.voila.ac.uk
PROF JON BLUNDY
Professor of Petrology, University of Bristol, UK
PROF MATTHEW JACKSON
Professor in Geological Fluid Mechanics, Imperial College London, UK
DR DAN SMITH
Associate Professor in Applied and Environmental Geology, University of Leicester, UK
ASK PROF JAMIE WILKINSON
WHAT DID YOU WANT TO BE WHEN YOU WERE YOUNGER?
I was interested in a lot of things when I was young but always had a propensity towards science subjects. I always liked building models and creating things, but had an artistic bent too, especially in graphic design. The first careers I considered were architecture and engineering, including renewable energy well before it became commonplace. Ending up in geology and geochemistry was a fortunate accident!
HOW DID YOU CHOOSE GEOCHEMISTRY AS A CAREER?
I went to university expecting to study chemistry or physics, or both. In the end, I discovered geology – not completely unfamiliar to me because I had been exposed to minerals and fossils as a child though my father's interest in the natural sciences, but not really a subject I had thought of as the basis for my career. So, I ended up studying the chemistry of the Earth, a truly fascinating field because of its complexity and importance for many aspects of human existence. I decided to focus on ore deposits a bit later in my career because they represent the most remarkable geochemical anomalies that exist on our planet; and also because they provide the raw materials that underpin almost every aspect of modern life.
WHAT DID YOU STUDY AT UNIVERSITY, AND HOW DID IT PREPARE YOU FOR YOUR CAREER?
I always loved chemistry when I was young, doing home chemistry experiments, and I decided I wanted to study chemistry or physics at university after having done them, along with mathematics, in my A-levels at school. However, I couldn't choose which I preferred so was looking for courses that combined both. The Natural Sciences Tripos at Cambridge offered one such opportunity and I was lucky enough to win a place.
In my first year I studied chemistry, physics, maths – and geology as an additional subject that I didn't expect to be able to take. I didn't enjoy physics or chemistry in my first year, but geology opened my eyes to a whole new world and I loved the fieldwork opportunities. After that I decide to focus on geological subjects through the rest of my degree (also taking more advanced chemistry in my second year) and so ended up with a geological science degree. I graduated with a BA (Hons) in Geological Sciences from the University of Cambridge.
To become a geologist you definitely need to study geoscience at university but it doesn't have to be in a single honours type of programme. I did not do nearly as much geology in my degree as others might have done, but my chemistry was strong and this stood in me in good stead later on.
WHAT DO YOU LOVE ABOUT THE WORK YOU DO?
Geology is like a hobby for me: it's endlessly interesting and it has never felt like a job. It is a very sociable subject and tends to draw like-minded individuals, so you always meet interesting and entertaining people in the course of your work. It has allowed me to visit many parts of the world, including places that it would be very hard to access through normal means. I have sampled rocks on high ridges in the Andes by helicopter, flown above grizzly bears in the remote Brooks Range of northern Alaska, seen the sun rise over the Atacama Desert and soaked in thermal pools on the Chilean-Argentinean border, more than 100 km from the nearest village. It also allows me to work in amazing analytical laboratories with the latest high-tech equipment, including lasers and scanning electron microscopes.
HAVE YOU EVER BEEN INSIDE A VOLCANO?
I've never climbed down inside the crater of a volcano but have visited many and walked (and skied) along their flanks. Sitting in a thermal pool surrounded by snow looking along a chain of Andean volcanoes was one highlight of my career. However, my most amazing volcano experience was sitting by the crater of Mount Yasur on the island of Tanna in Vanuatu as it was erupting, throwing incandescent rocks into the air above me, with the ground shaking and lightning crackling through the static-charged ash clouds.
JAMIE'S TOP TIPS
01 – Make sure you study what you enjoy. You never know what opportunities will come up, and enjoying your work is important!
02 – Work hard, be driven, and have confidence in your own abilities. Don't be afraid to put yourself out there to seek opportunities, and always ask questions.
03 – There is more than one route to work in geochemistry: I had more of a chemistry focus early on, whereas some colleagues come from a geology background. We all bring different strengths to projects we work on.
WHAT IS GEOCHEMISTRY?
Geochemistry is a combination of geology and chemistry: it uses chemistry tools and principles to study and explain geological systems. In the past, geochemistry focused mainly on determining the different elements in rocks and minerals. In fact, the minerals and the small amounts of fluids and gases that occur in rock all contain valuable information about how it was formed. Today, geochemists study rocks to understand this information and how it could be used in different scientific and industrial applications.
Within the field, there are many subspecialties that explore specific types of geochemistry. For example, organic geochemistry studies processes and materials that came from living organisms, and cosmogeochemistry analyses how elements are distributed throughout planets, stars and other objects in space.
OPPORTUNITIES IN THE GEOSCIENCES, INCLUDING GEOCHEMISTRY
• The Geological Society of London has a Geology Career Pathway page that has lots of information on choosing the right course at university, available funding and links to other resources: https://www.geolsoc.org.uk/DegreePathways
• Internationally, the American Chemical Society offers a fantastic overview of geochemistry, including researcher profiles, career prospects and professional organisations you can join.
• Prospects claims that the entry-level salary for geochemists ranges from £20,000 to £30,000 annually, going up to £50,000 and higher with experience. It has a page explaining the skills and qualifications needed, and what a job in geochemistry might entail: https://www.prospects.ac.uk/job-profiles/geochemist


ESPN's Adrian Wojnarowski reported Thursday that NBA Commissioner Adam Silver sent a memo to executives of each NBA team. The commissioner laid out the NBA's "commitment to providing employees with a safe and inclusive work environment."
The confidential hotline is expected to be in operation by next week. Silver's memo to NBA executives also reiterated the league's existing programs and policies to combat workplace abuse, including its "Respect in the Workplace Policy."
Sports Illustrated published a story Wednesday detailing what it called a "corporate culture rife with misogyny and predatory sexual behavior" in the Mavericks' front office. The article also alleged that former Mavericks president and chief executive officer Terdema Ussery and other team officials engaged in various acts of inappropriate conduct toward women over many years. One employee labeled the front office a "real-life 'Animal House.'"
Female workers who complained about harassment said the team's players were never involved, and visits with the players provided a welcome relief from the front-office abuse.
The Mavericks later released a statement acknowledging workplace misconduct violations. Team owner Mark Cuban told SI, "I'm embarrassed, to be honest with you, that it happened under my ownership, and it needs to be fixed. Period. End of story."