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Alkaloids are a class of basic, naturally occurring organic compounds that contain at least one nitrogen atom. This group also includes some related compounds with neutral and even weakly acidic properties. Some synthetic compounds of similar structure may also be termed alkaloids. In addition to carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen, alkaloids may also contain oxygen, sulfur and, more rarely, other elements such as chlorine, bromine, and phosphorus.

Alkaloids are produced by a large variety of organisms including bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals. They can be purified from crude extracts of these organisms by acid-base extraction, or solvent extractions followed by silica-gel column chromatography. Alkaloids have a wide range of pharmacological activities including antimalarial (e.g. quinine), antiasthma (e.g. ephedrine), anticancer (e.g. homoharringtonine), cholinomimetic (e.g. galantamine), vasodilatory (e.g. vincamine), antiarrhythmic (e.g. quinidine), analgesic (e.g. morphine), antibacterial (e.g. chelerythrine), and antihyperglycemic activities (e.g. piperine). Many have found use in traditional or modern medicine, or as starting points for drug discovery. Other alkaloids possess psychotropic (e.g. psilocin) and stimulant activities (e.g. cocaine, caffeine, nicotine, theobromine), and have been used in entheogenic rituals or as recreational drugs. Alkaloids can be toxic too (e.g. atropine, tubocurarine). Although alkaloids act on a diversity of metabolic systems in humans and other animals, they almost uniformly evoke a bitter taste.

The boundary between alkaloids and other nitrogen-containing natural compounds is not clear-cut. Compounds like amino acid peptides, proteins, nucleotides, nucleic acid, amines, and antibiotics are usually not called alkaloids. Natural compounds containing nitrogen in the exocyclic position (mescaline, serotonin, dopamine, etc.) are usually classified as amines rather than as alkaloids. Some authors, however, consider alkaloids a special case of amines.

Naming

The name "alkaloids" () was introduced in 1819 by the German chemist Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Meißner, and is derived from late Latin root  and the Greek-language suffix  -('like'). However, the term came into wide use only after the publication of a review article, by Oscar Jacobsen in the chemical dictionary of Albert Ladenburg in the 1880s.

There is no unique method for naming alkaloids. Many individual names are formed by adding the suffix "ine" to the species or genus name. For example, atropine is isolated from the plant Atropa belladonna; strychnine is obtained from the seed of the Strychnine tree (Strychnos nux-vomica L.). Where several alkaloids are extracted from one plant their names are often distinguished by variations in the suffix: "idine", "anine", "aline", "inine" etc. There are also at least 86 alkaloids whose names contain the root "vin" because they are extracted from vinca plants such as Vinca rosea (Catharanthus roseus); these are called vinca alkaloids.

History

Alkaloid-containing plants have been used by humans since ancient times for therapeutic and recreational purposes. For example, medicinal plants have been known in Mesopotamia from about 2000 BC. The Odyssey of Homer referred to a gift given to Helen by the Egyptian queen, a drug bringing oblivion. It is believed that the gift was an opium-containing drug. A Chinese book on houseplants written in 1st–3rd centuries BC mentioned a medical use of ephedra and opium poppies. Also, coca leaves have been used by Indigenous South Americans since ancient times.

Extracts from plants containing toxic alkaloids, such as aconitine and tubocurarine, were used since antiquity for poisoning arrows.

Studies of alkaloids began in the 19th century. In 1804, the German chemist Friedrich Sertürner isolated from opium a "soporific principle" (), which he called "morphium", referring to Morpheus, the Greek god of dreams; in German and some other Central-European languages, this is still the name of the drug. The term "morphine", used in English and French, was given by the French physicist Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac.

A significant contribution to the chemistry of alkaloids in the early years of its development was made by the French researchers Pierre Joseph Pelletier and Joseph Bienaimé Caventou, who discovered quinine (1820) and strychnine (1818). Several other alkaloids were discovered around that time, including xanthine (1817), atropine (1819), caffeine (1820), coniine (1827), nicotine (1828), colchicine (1833), sparteine (1851), and cocaine (1860). The development of the chemistry of alkaloids was accelerated by the emergence of spectroscopic and chromatographic methods in the 20th century, so that by 2008 more than 12,000 alkaloids had been identified.

The first complete synthesis of an alkaloid was achieved in 1886 by the German chemist Albert Ladenburg. He produced coniine by reacting 2-methylpyridine with acetaldehyde and reducing the resulting 2-propenyl pyridine with sodium.

Classifications

Compared with most other classes of natural compounds, alkaloids are characterized by a great structural diversity. There is no uniform classification. Initially, when knowledge of chemical structures was lacking, botanical classification of the source plants was relied on. This classification is now considered obsolete.

More recent classifications are based on similarity of the carbon skeleton (e.g., indole-, isoquinoline-, and pyridine-like) or biochemical precursor (ornithine, lysine, tyrosine, tryptophan, etc.). However, they require compromises in borderline cases; for example, nicotine contains a pyridine fragment from nicotinamide and a pyrrolidine part from ornithine and therefore can be assigned to both classes.

Alkaloids are often divided into the following major groups:

 "True alkaloids" contain nitrogen in the heterocycle and originate from amino acids. Their characteristic examples are atropine, nicotine, and morphine. This group also includes some alkaloids that besides the nitrogen heterocycle contain terpene (e.g., evonine) or peptide fragments (e.g. ergotamine). The piperidine alkaloids coniine and coniceine may be regarded as true alkaloids (rather than pseudoalkaloids: see below) although they do not originate from amino acids.
 "Protoalkaloids", which contain nitrogen (but not the nitrogen heterocycle) and also originate from amino acids. Examples include mescaline, adrenaline and ephedrine.
 Polyamine alkaloids – derivatives of putrescine, spermidine, and spermine.
 Peptide and cyclopeptide alkaloids.
 Pseudoalkaloids – alkaloid-like compounds that do not originate from amino acids. This group includes terpene-like and steroid-like alkaloids, as well as purine-like alkaloids such as caffeine, theobromine, theacrine and theophylline. Some authors classify ephedrine and cathinone as pseudoalkaloids. Those originate from the amino acid phenylalanine, but acquire their nitrogen atom not from the amino acid but through transamination.

Some alkaloids do not have the carbon skeleton characteristic of their group. So, galanthamine and homoaporphines do not contain isoquinoline fragment, but are, in general, attributed to isoquinoline alkaloids.

Main classes of monomeric alkaloids are listed in the table below:

Properties

Most alkaloids contain oxygen in their molecular structure; those compounds are usually colorless crystals at ambient conditions. Oxygen-free alkaloids, such as nicotine or coniine, are typically volatile, colorless, oily liquids. Some alkaloids are colored, like berberine (yellow) and sanguinarine (orange).

Most alkaloids are weak bases, but some, such as theobromine and theophylline, are amphoteric. Many alkaloids dissolve poorly in water but readily dissolve in organic solvents, such as diethyl ether, chloroform or 1,2-dichloroethane. Caffeine, cocaine, codeine and nicotine are slightly soluble in water (with a solubility of ≥1g/L), whereas others, including morphine and yohimbine are very slightly water-soluble (0.1–1 g/L). Alkaloids and acids form salts of various strengths. These salts are usually freely soluble in water and ethanol and poorly soluble in most organic solvents. Exceptions include scopolamine hydrobromide, which is soluble in organic solvents, and the water-soluble quinine sulfate.

Most alkaloids have a bitter taste or are poisonous when ingested. Alkaloid production in plants appeared to have evolved in response to feeding by herbivorous animals; however, some animals have evolved the ability to detoxify alkaloids. Some alkaloids can produce developmental defects in the offspring of animals that consume but cannot detoxify the alkaloids. One example is the alkaloid cyclopamine, produced in the leaves of corn lily. During the 1950s, up to 25% of lambs born by sheep that had grazed on corn lily had serious facial deformations. These ranged from deformed jaws to cyclopia (see picture). After decades of research, in the 1980s, the compound responsible for these deformities was identified as the alkaloid 11-deoxyjervine, later renamed to cyclopamine.

Distribution in nature

Alkaloids are generated by various living organisms, especially by higher plants – about 10 to 25% of those contain alkaloids. Therefore, in the past the term "alkaloid" was associated with plants.

The alkaloids content in plants is usually within a few percent and is inhomogeneous over the plant tissues. Depending on the type of plants, the maximum concentration is observed in the leaves (for example, black henbane), fruits or seeds (Strychnine tree), root (Rauvolfia serpentina) or bark (cinchona). Furthermore, different tissues of the same plants may contain different alkaloids.

Beside plants, alkaloids are found in certain types of fungus, such as psilocybin in the fruiting bodies of the genus Psilocybe, and in animals, such as bufotenin in the skin of some toads  and a number of insects, markedly ants. Many marine organisms also contain alkaloids. Some amines, such as adrenaline and serotonin, which play an important role in higher animals, are similar to alkaloids in their structure and biosynthesis and are sometimes called alkaloids.

Extraction

Because of the structural diversity of alkaloids, there is no single method of their extraction from natural raw materials. Most methods exploit the property of most alkaloids to be soluble in organic solvents  but not in water, and the opposite tendency of their salts.

Most plants contain several alkaloids. Their mixture is extracted first and then individual alkaloids are separated. Plants are thoroughly ground before extraction. Most alkaloids are present in the raw plants in the form of salts of organic acids. The extracted alkaloids may remain salts or change into bases. Base extraction is achieved by processing the raw material with alkaline solutions and extracting the alkaloid bases with organic solvents, such as 1,2-dichloroethane, chloroform, diethyl ether or benzene. Then, the impurities are dissolved by weak acids; this converts alkaloid bases into salts that are washed away with water. If necessary, an aqueous solution of alkaloid salts is again made alkaline and treated with an organic solvent. The process is repeated until the desired purity is achieved.

In the acidic extraction, the raw plant material is processed by a weak acidic solution (e.g., acetic acid in water, ethanol, or methanol). A base is then added to convert alkaloids to basic forms that are extracted with organic solvent (if the extraction was performed with alcohol, it is removed first, and the remainder is dissolved in water). The solution is purified as described above.

Alkaloids are separated from their mixture using their different solubility in certain solvents and different reactivity with certain reagents or by distillation.

A number of alkaloids are identified from insects, among which the fire ant venom alkaloids known as solenopsins have received greater attention from researchers. These insect alkaloids can be efficiently extracted by solvent immersion of live fire ants  or by centrifugation of live ants  followed by silica-gel chromatography purification. Tracking and dosing the extracted solenopsin ant alkaloids has been described as possible based on their absorbance peak around 232 nanometers.

Biosynthesis
Biological precursors of most alkaloids are amino acids, such as ornithine, lysine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, histidine, aspartic acid, and anthranilic acid. Nicotinic acid can be synthesized from tryptophan or aspartic acid. Ways of alkaloid biosynthesis are too numerous and cannot be easily classified. However, there are a few typical reactions involved in the biosynthesis of various classes of alkaloids, including synthesis of Schiff bases and Mannich reaction.

Synthesis of Schiff bases

Schiff bases can be obtained by reacting amines with ketones or aldehydes. These reactions are a common method of producing C=N bonds.

In the biosynthesis of alkaloids, such reactions may take place within a molecule, such as in the synthesis of piperidine:

Mannich reaction

An integral component of the Mannich reaction, in addition to an amine and a carbonyl compound, is a carbanion, which plays the role of the nucleophile in the nucleophilic addition to the ion formed by the reaction of the amine and the carbonyl.

The Mannich reaction can proceed both intermolecularly and intramolecularly:

Dimer alkaloids
In addition to the described above monomeric alkaloids, there are also dimeric, and even trimeric and tetrameric alkaloids formed upon condensation of two, three, and four monomeric alkaloids. Dimeric alkaloids are usually formed from monomers of the same type through the following mechanisms:
 Mannich reaction, resulting in, e.g., voacamine
 Michael reaction (villalstonine)
 Condensation of aldehydes with amines (toxiferine)
 Oxidative addition of phenols (dauricine, tubocurarine)
 Lactonization (carpaine).

There are also dimeric alkaloids formed from two distinct monomers, such as the vinca alkaloids vinblastine and vincristine, which are formed from the coupling of catharanthine and vindoline. The newer semi-synthetic chemotherapeutic agent vinorelbine is used in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer. It is another derivative dimer of vindoline and catharanthine and is synthesised from anhydrovinblastine, starting either from leurosine or the monomers themselves.

Biological role
Alkaloids are among the most important and best-known secondary metabolites, i.e. biogenic substances not directly involved in the normal growth, development, or reproduction of the organism. Instead, they generally mediate ecological interactions, which may produce a selective advantage for the organism by increasing its survivability or fecundity. In some cases their function, if any, remains unclear. An early hypothesis, that alkaloids are the final products of nitrogen metabolism in plants, as urea and uric acid are in mammals, was refuted by the finding that their concentration fluctuates rather than steadily increasing.

Most of the known functions of alkaloids are related to protection. For example, aporphine alkaloid liriodenine produced by the tulip tree protects it from parasitic mushrooms. In addition, the presence of alkaloids in the plant prevents insects and chordate animals from eating it. However, some animals are adapted to alkaloids and even use them in their own metabolism. Such alkaloid-related substances as serotonin, dopamine and histamine are important neurotransmitters in animals. Alkaloids are also known to regulate plant growth. One example of an organism that uses alkaloids for protection is the Utetheisa ornatrix, more commonly known as the ornate moth. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids render these larvae and adult moths unpalatable to many of their natural enemies like coccinelid beetles, green lacewings, insectivorous hemiptera and insectivorous bats. Another example of alkaloids being utilized occurs in the poison hemlock moth (Agonopterix alstroemeriana). This moth feeds on its highly toxic and alkaloid-rich host plant poison hemlock (Conium maculatum) during its larval stage. A. alstroemeriana may benefit twofold from the toxicity of the naturally-occurring alkaloids, both through the unpalatability of the species to predators and through the ability of A. alstroemeriana to recognize Conium maculatum as the correct location for oviposition. A fire ant venom alkaloid known as solenopsin has been demonstrated to protect queens of invasive fire ants during the foundation of new nests, thus playing a central role in the spread of this pest ant species around the world.

Applications

In medicine
Medical use of alkaloid-containing plants has a long history, and, thus, when the first alkaloids were isolated in the 19th century, they immediately found application in clinical practice. Many alkaloids are still used in medicine, usually in the form of salts widely used including the following:

Many synthetic and semisynthetic drugs are structural modifications of the alkaloids, which were designed to enhance or change the primary effect of the drug and reduce unwanted side-effects. For example, naloxone, an opioid receptor antagonist, is a derivative of thebaine that is present in opium.

In agriculture
Prior to the development of a wide range of relatively low-toxic synthetic pesticides, some alkaloids, such as salts of nicotine and anabasine, were used as insecticides. Their use was limited by their high toxicity to humans.

Use as psychoactive drugs
Preparations of plants containing alkaloids and their extracts, and later pure alkaloids, have long been used as psychoactive substances. Cocaine, caffeine, and cathinone are stimulants of the central nervous system. Mescaline and many indole alkaloids (such as psilocybin, dimethyltryptamine and ibogaine) have hallucinogenic effect. Morphine and codeine are strong narcotic pain killers.

There are alkaloids that do not have strong psychoactive effect themselves, but are precursors for semi-synthetic psychoactive drugs. For example, ephedrine and pseudoephedrine are used to produce methcathinone and methamphetamine. Thebaine is used in the synthesis of many painkillers such as oxycodone.

See also

 Amine
 Base (chemistry)
 List of poisonous plants
 Mayer's reagent
 Natural products
 Palau'amine
 Secondary metabolite

Explanatory notes

Citations

General and cited references

External links


Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is one of the most competitive specialty markets we track, as a number of sophisticated players (i.e., Biogen, Teva, Sanofi, Serono, and Bayer) compete for a relatively small U.S. patient population. In the figure below we've charted coverage for each major product by leveraging the MDDetails platform to calculate the total number of neurologists accessed and engaged through paid promotion in the 2014 calendar year.
As a callpoint, neurology has relatively favorable sales rep / MSL access, with an estimated ~57% of individuals engaging through paid personal promotion activities (e.g., meals and education). However, a subset of ~2,990 accessible neurologists should be considered of low relevance for the MS market as these physicians are primarily engaged by non-MS products (e.g., dementia, migraine, pain, and seizure).
Biogen owns the top three spots with Tecfidera, Tysabri, and Avonex. It presumably enjoys significant efficiency through detailing a portfolio of products to the same target prescribers. That said, Tecfidera is in a league of its own as it actively engages with ~900 more neurologists than any other MS product.
Rebif, Betaseron, and Ampyra are laggards from a promotional perspective – the latter of which suffers from a relative lack of commercial resources compared to its peer set.
How we can help: MDDetails tracks prescriber access for more than 60 specialty areas and can provide a comprehensive view into promotional coverage at the product level.


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Please see size chart located in sizing tab if you need help in choosing the right size for your fur baby.


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Errors of Enchantment
Why is New Mexico not realizing its potential?
Tag: Economics in Focus
Who's Responsible for Today's Deficits?
President Obama has increased spending to unprecedented levels. This has rightfully caused a great deal of consternation among broad swaths of American society. Hopefully it will result in the deaths of legislation that would restrict our health care and energy choices while killing economic growth.
But which president bears the greatest responsibility for our current predicament? As much as Obama has done to grow the federal government, George W. Bush still retains the dubious distinction as the architect of our current economic mess. As Ivan Eland of the Independent Institute points out:
The U.S. government is deeper in debt than it has been since just after World War II. When Bill Clinton, who actually reduced the federal deficit as a portion of GDP, left office, the Congressional Budget Office projected an $800 billion dollar yearly budget surplus for the years 2009 to 2012. Now CBO projects an annual budget deficit of a whopping $1.2 trillion.
Although Republicans are blaming Barack Obama for this gargantuan budget gap, George W. Bush is responsible for 53 percent of the total, according to the New York Times. Another 37 percent is due to the recession of the early part of the decade and the global meltdown that began in late 2007. Obama is responsible for only 10 percent of the total. Yet the reason that Obama's portion is so small is because George W. Bush, a big-government Republican, was in office for eight years, and Obama has been in office less than six months. Obama has been spending at a phenomenal rate—on a pork-filled stimulus bill and an expansive domestic agenda.
Thus, Obama is guilty of making Bush's legacy of massive red ink even worse. Obama's budget would double the projected deficit over the next 10 years. By 2019, federal spending is projected to be an eye-popping quarter of the nation's GDP. By contrast, for four decades federal taxation has averaged about 18 percent of GDP. These massive deficits, accumulating as a monstrous national debt, could cause hyperinflation and the prolonged economic stagnation (stagflation) that would make the 1970s look like an economic picnic.
The good news is that Obama still has time to pull the country out of this economic nose-dive. If he fails to restrain the federal leviathan, he'll undoubtedly surpass Bush in the big-spending, big-debtor category.
Why Socialism Doesn't Work (a case study)
The United States Postal Service is a truly socialist enterprise. Anyone who has to deal with the Post Office on a regular basis, especially if you have to go to the actual offices themselves, is aware of this. Of course, as has been well-publicized in recent months, the Post Office now faces massive financial problems.
Of course, in a socialist agency such as the Post Office, politics plays an incredibly large role. As this article from today's New York Times illustrates, when it comes to cost savings, politics makes increased efficiency very difficult to achieve. With USPS facing a $6.5 billion deficit, "the agency continues to spend $46,000 a year for a challenging small-plane route that serves about 20 addresses secluded in the roadless wilderness of the northern Rocky Mountains."
Inevitably, the story goes on "John E. Potter, the postmaster general, began getting calls, letters and e-mail messages from the owners of ranches on the river. People showed up on Capitol Hill in rafting sandals and cowboy boots.
Then, just before Mr. Potter was about to face a conference call with the four members of Idaho's Congressional delegation, he decided that the high-flying weekly route through the Frank Church-River of No Return Wilderness, in place for more than half a century and the last air route into a wilderness area in the continental United States, should best be left as is."
So, 20 or so people receiving a massive government subsidy succeeded in killing a reform that would have saved this so-called business money in it's ongoing effort to break even. A private company, on the other hand, could easily make the decision to not serve such high-cost customers. Unfortunately, America is moving rapidly towards greater politicization of health care, energy policy, and manufacturing to name just a few areas of the economy that will become much less efficient under government control.
China Looking for a way to dump dollars
I hope you had an enjoyable Memorial Day weekend. We're back to work here at the Rio Grande Foundation and I happened to check the Washington Post website to find this story by Sebastian Mallaby. He writes about the ramped-up efforts on the part of the Chinese to find a way to stop relying on the dollar. I've written previously about the debt we're leaving our children.
This debt is of course of concern to our economic future, but, as Mallaby writes, "If the greenback declines, China's government stands to lose a fortune." Having so much money tied up with the drunken sailors in Congress and the White House cannot be a comfortable situation (I know I'm not comfortable with it), so the Chinese have been looking for ways to get out from underneath the dollar without harming the investment they already have made in the currency.
I don't know if the Chinese can square that circle, but if they simply decide to stop digging the hold that they're in by not buying any more dollars, we'll be in serious trouble.
Soak the Rich and Lose the Rich
The Wall Street Journal had an excellent article about the negative impact of high marginal tax rates yesterday. The article discussed misguided efforts by politicians in California, Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York and Oregon to increase income tax rates on the highest earners within their respective borders. While politicians facing massive, spending-induced budget deficits are certainly eager to get their mitts on "excess" earnings of the "rich," the track record of these politicians in doing so without destroying wealth is rather spotty.
As the authors point out:
From 1998 to 2007, more than 1,100 people every day including Sundays and holidays moved from the nine highest income-tax states such as California, New Jersey, New York and Ohio and relocated mostly to the nine tax-haven states with no income tax, including Florida, Nevada, New Hampshire and Texas. Over these same years the no-income tax states created 89% more jobs and had 32% faster personal income growth than their high-tax counterparts.
So, the truth is that the taxing and spending policies of America's most poorly run and rapacious states are simply pushing productive activity to more fiscally-responsible states like Texas. In fact, the authors point out, "Texas created more new jobs in 2008 than all other 49 states combined."
To the credit of New Mexico politicians, income taxes were not increased during the last legislative session although such a move was considered as part of the education tax hike effort that subsequently passed the House in another form. Despite his failings in other areas, Governor Richardson should be applauded for his role in reducing New Mexico's top income tax rate from 8.2 to 4.9 percent.
Coverage of our film study
Recently, we at the Rio Grande Foundation released a study analyzing each of New Mexico's various film studies and their real economic impact. A letter to the editor on this report has published in this morning's Albuquerque Journal. Also, Jim Scarantino was interviewed by columnist Robert Nott for the Santa Fe New Mexican's "Pasatiempo" section. Check that interview out here.
Dueling Film Studies: The Analysis
Ever wondered whether New Mexico's film subsidies have a positive or negative impact on the state economy? We've certainly had a hunch for a long time that such targeted and generous economic incentives are unwise and not economically beneficial.
Well, now we know…and we were right. First, there was the Arrowhead Center Study which found that the subsidies provided a return of only $.14 on the dollar. Then there was the Governor's study by Ernst & Young which found returns of $1.50 on the dollar.
Now, there is a third study by the Legislative Finance Committee (LFC) that was buried. As our investigative journalist, Jim Scarantino discusses in his new report "A Modern Spaghetti Western: Shooting Holes in the Ernst & Young Study of Film Industry Subsidies," the LFC found numerous problems with the Ernst & Young Study.
Among the major problems:
* Instead of looking at payroll data, Ernst & Young utilized information collected from on-line and telephone surveys of the film industry – surveys coincidentally commissioned by a defensive Film Office. Furthermore, that information was collected at a time when the film industry was aware of the growing skepticism about the generous film subsidies they were receiving.
* Then Ernst & Young did something not seen in any other film industry study. They added in the income of millionaire movie stars, producers and directors, some of whom make 100 times or more the income of a film crew member. As a result, the average New Mexico film industry job income jumped to $91,396! That figure is also higher than reported in any other film industry study – higher than studies conducted in Louisiana, Arizona, Seattle, Florida, even New York City.
* Lastly, Ernst & Young excluded the cost to taxpayers of making interest-free loans to Hollywood. At a simple annual interest rate of 5% on a $15 million loan (the largest given out under the program), taxpayers are giving up $750,000 in interest annually. On a six-year loan, the loss to taxpayers exceeds $13 million. Yet, Ernst & Young completely excluded this enormous expense from its calculations of the cost to New Mexico of the film industry subsidies.
The fact is that New Mexico's film industry is not a money-maker for taxpayers and with $60 million being spent annually to attract the industry, legislators need to cap or reduce the generosity of these subsidies. Using the leftover money to cut taxes on all New Mexico businesses would be a nice way to use the money to increase economic growth.
Privatize Double Eagle Airport
Albuquerque Mayor Martin Chavez is accused of having retaliated against Bode Aero Services Inc., an operator at Double Eagle II airport on the city's west side for the operator's unwillingness to provide the Mayor with free and discounted service.
Of course, what the Mayor is accused of doing is wrong. Being the Mayor should not entitle you to special treatment. But if the City privatized the airport entirely, would the Mayor even think about trying to get cut rate or free flights? I highly doubt it. Better still, according to the Reason Foundation, privatization can save between 15 and 40 percent while generating immediate revenue for cash-strapped governments.
Hopefully this apparent abuse of power will spur the discussion about real reforms rather than simply fading into the background as other scandals will inevitably come to light throughout New Mexico.
Earthstone: Another Eclipse
The Rio Grande Foundation released our latest story on the poor record of New Mexico's State Investment Council this week. The release can be found here and the full story is available here. The story was also covered on Joe Monahan's blog.
The gist of the story is as follows:
In 2004, at the urging of Governor Bill Richardson, the State Investment Council (SIC) loaned $9 million dollars to Earthstone International. Governor Richardson said he was "encouraged by Earthstone International's pledge to create high-paying jobs in Doña Ana County." The problem, Scarantino found, is that Earthstone appears to have used the state's money to create jobs in Old Mexico and Arkansas instead of New Mexico.
Earthstone orignially pledged to construct a 200,000 square foot plant at Doña Ana County's Santa Teresa border crossing. At least 200 new jobs were touted. In one report, Andrew Ungerleider, the company's co-founder, said that plant would be operational within approximately 18 months from when the loan was approved.
In researching Earthstone and the company's use of the $9 million loan the SIC made on behalf of taxpayers, Scarantino found that Earthstone never built a New Mexico plant. Instead, New Mexicans' money has helped Earthstone shift money and jobs to Juarez, Mexico and Bentonville, Arkansas. The loan has never been repaid. In fact, it has been converted to an ownership stake in Earthstone itself.
Given this poor track record, it is clear that the SIC is in need of serious reform.
For Tom Udall, AIG is only the start
There is no doubt that AIG seems to be deliberately acting in ways to spur the moral outrage of politicians and taxpayers. If you are not completely familiar with the story as it stands now, click here.
New Mexico's own Sen. Tom Udall couldn't resist piling on, but he went a step further by explicitly threatening AIG. As economist Russell Roberts points out:
Udall doesn't like to see our money going to a bad cause. Unless it's friends of his. From KFDA in Amarillo:
As part of the $410 billion Omnibus Spending Bill, US Senator Tom Udall says he included over one million dollars for Eastern New Mexico industries.
Over $200 thousand is going to a dairy consortium so they can boost research on improved dairy production.
And more than $950 thousand is going to the Sapphire Energy Algae so that company can create and grow technology that turns the algae into fuel.
Udall says the algae company could create 100 jobs.
Love that word, "could." Can't wait to count them.
The Senator does not seem to understand that these two stories conflict with each other. AIG has failed to generate private capital to keep it afloat. It can only stay afloat with my money. AIG can't raise private capital because it has lost the trust of potential investors. They're bankrupt and exist only because of the government's largesse funded by taxpayers. Why would you want to repeat the same mistake with that dairy consortium and Sapphie Energy Algae? If they're good investments, let private investors take the risk and either reap the reward or lost their money. If they're bad investments, why am I being forced to pay for them?
To his credit, Udall voted against the original bailout bill, but the point remains that throwing taxpayer money at AIG is not much different from throwing taxpayer money at politically-connected companies that pledge to create jobs. If he and others in Washington (not to mention Santa Fe) understood this, we'd all be in much better shape.
HT: Harry Messenheimer
Oversupply of Government Employees Hinders New Mexico Economy
Economist Scott Moody recently analyzed state and local government employment for The Rio Grande Foundation. An opinion he wrote on his findings is available here.
This blog is a project of the Rio Grande Foundation, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit public policy research institute and free-market think tank.
Your contributions to the Foundation are tax deductible and enable us to continue our research.
Albuquerque bus system continues to lose riders
Tipping Point NM episode 369: COVID-19 Censorship, Mask Fine, Legislative Session and more
COVID Farce at the Roundhouse
RGF interview censored by Youtube
Here are some early contenders for worst bills of the 2022 Legislature
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The entire trip was new for me and I was nervous prior to the trip. The guides and other rafters were all incredible people and I very much enjoyed getting to know them.
I would encourage anyone to do this adventure. Any description of words wouldn't do this experience justice.


text:
The Five and the Outward Use of the Mental Center
Fabien & Patricia Chabreuil
In our article, "Steps to a Unified Model of the Enneagram" (published in theNovember issue of the EM), we described how each type uses its preferred center. For example, we described how the Five is not well aware of his internal life or his body, and uses his preferred (mental) center outwardly. We have since been in correspondence with Fives who have questioned this description—specifically, the apparent contradiction between the outward use of the mental center and the vice of the type, avarice, which brings up the image of the Five holding everything inside.
We thought this concept was widely used by the Enneagram community and so stated it only briefly in our original article. However, we now think it is worth further examination.
While the voice of authority is never proof of anything, it is nevertheless interesting to note that almost every major Enneagram teacher has described Fives as focusing their energy outside themselves. Here are some quotes on the subject (alphabetically by author):
Kathleen Hurley and Theodorre Donson
"Their outward idealization piques their interest in any knowledge that the world can give them. Even though they are interior people, they ignore the realm of personal feeling and dwell in the world of thought, focusing on outside information that will help them understand how the world operates and where they fit into it."
(My Best Self, page 97)
Helen Palmer
"The psychic isolation of the type can be seen as the habit of disengaging from feelings in order to observe. This habit of attention can become particularly obvious in stress, intimacy, or unpredictable situations that demand a spontaneous response. In extreme cases of detachment, a Five can attempt to disappear by freezing attention at a spot located just outside of the physical body."
(The Enneagram, page 225)
Don Richard Riso and Russ Hudson
The Fives "focus their attention on the world outside themselves. This may seem to contradict the statement that Fives are engrossed in their thoughts, but it actually does not. Fives focus their attention on the external world for a variety of reasons, one of the most important of which is that the material they think about comes through their sense perceptions—the accuracy of which they can never be completely sure of because they are not certain about what lies outside themselves. The only thing they know with certainty is their own thoughts. Hence, the focus of their attention is outward, on the environment, while identifying with their thoughts about the environment."
(Personality Types, First Edition, page 136 and Revised Edition, page 175)
Richard Rohr et Andreas Ebert
"Unredeemed Fives think they can secure their lives by being informed about everything in as much detail as possible. But the information they pick up from the outside world and store up is never sufficient."
(Discovering the Enneagram, page 105)
Here is our understanding of the mechanism that leads to the Five's outward use of the mental center:
Fives believe the world "demands too much" (Virginia Price et David Daniels, SEDIG 1997, page 14), and that "their environment is unpredictable and potentially threatening" (Don Richard Riso et Russ Hudson, Personality Types, First Edition, page 136 and Revised Edition, page 175).
To protect themselves, they try to cut themselves off from their feelings—or to at least reduce them drastically. Claudio Naranjo speaks of "feelingless-ness," and explains this concept as follows: "It has to do with the loss of awareness of feelings and even an interference with the generation of feeling" (Ennea-Type Structures, page 87). Helen Palmer says that the Fives "unhook from emotion" (The Enneagram in Love and Work, page 129). Don Riso describes them (at the average levels) as "disembodied minds," defending themselves "against being emotionally involved" (Understanding the Enneagram, page 59). Hurley and Donson state that they "ignore the real of personal feeling" (My Best Self, page 97).
It is impossible, of course, to suppress only the feelings. The three centers are real and relatively autonomous, but they constantly interact:
As a feeling arises, there are automatically and immediately counterparts in both the instinctive and mental centers. For example, if you are sad, your thoughts turn dark and brooding, and your body experiences a heavy energy. If you attempt to suppress the sadness, you can be only temporarily successful, for the unchanged body and ideas will generate the feeling again. In order to cut off their feelings, Fives have no choice but to repress all their internal functioning.
This, in turn, creates the sensation of emptiness—the fear of the Five, which he or she then compulsively tries to avoid.
In order to avoid experiencing emptiness, Fives want to "put something inside." Since Fives prefer the mental center and have to repress their internal functioning, they let in only emotionally-neutral information. They have "their whole energy concentrated on seeing everything, on taking it all in" (Richard Rohr and Andreas Ebert, Discovering the Enneagram, page 100).
Unfortunately, gathering information does not solve the problem of emptiness: when the cellar is empty, filling the attic doesn't fix it. Fives continue collecting new information, while keeping the information they already have, creating the passion and the fixation of the type: avarice and stinginess.
The Internal Life of the Ego
When they are alone, Fives can sometimes connect to the feelings generated by their experiences in the outer world. Some may think about the feelings, others experience them. Even in the latter case, however, it is not true emotions they are experiencing: a true emotion is something that you feel in the here and now, without denying, diminishing, amplifying or prolonging it.
In their moments of isolation, Fives also think about and analyze the information they have collected from outside. But in order to be fully integrated, information has to connect to our bodies, our feelings and our sense of identity. This lack of internal connection is why others often perceive something cold and artificial in the feelings and thoughts of Fives.
This is a summary of the compulsion and the fixation of the Five, but of course real Fives do not always exactly fit the model. Many phenomena intervene in the process: wings, Level of Development, integration or disintegration, imprinting, etc.
It is the challenge of the Five to switch attention internally, and to recognize and accept feelings when they occur. It is thus that Fives can become open to themselves and others, and that the information they have can become true knowledge and wisdom.
We know Fives at various stages of this process. We would like to thank them with love for all they have revealed about their functioning.


← A night in civilization, at a parking lot!
We'll get out the "big hats" and rustle up some cattle for a big Texas welcome!!!
We will be headed for the RGV (Mission TX) for the winter. We've been wanting to visit the Q for a couple of years now but events have transpired against us so far. Looking forward to reading your experiences there! We will be in Santa Fe come May. Hope you are around after that for a visit to our new house!!!
TX is in our route, we might catch you if you are still there.
Ah Arizona! Are you getting warm yet? Do you have any plans of visiting Quartzsite this year? Your blog is making me antsy to get back on the road – hopefully this coming weekend!
Yeah, when? We will be in NM by February. We are actually boondocking in Quartzsite right now. We are checking out the place for we will be back when the madness begins on Jan 19.
Glad you are enjoying your time in Arizona. I hope to spend part of next winter in the SW. Right now I am in McIntosh, FL for yearly visits and dr. appts. I plan to spend 2 weeks at the beach on the panhandle over Christmas, so I hope the cold front coming through the south doesn't last long.
Birdie and I will also be traveling in the East next summer, so keep in touch and maybe we'll meet up again.
Thanks Liz, I will be bookmark your blog so I can check you out often.
Yummy…Road Runner for Thanksgiving. I bet it fit better than a turkey in Betsy's oven.
Welcome to AZ. It's. We've been warmer than usual in the Phx area, doesn't quite feel like December!
Thank you,we are enjoying the golden sun. We will be passing thru Phx to Cave Creek.
Any suggestions on good places to stay in the RV in Cave Creek? We're trying to do more weekend trips and care always looking for something beyond Lake Pleasant.
We will be staying at Cave Creek Regional Park for a week. I also heard that the the McDowell Regional Park is great place to stay, and we will check it out sometime in Jan.


I've been working in the yard/garden everyday for the last couple of weeks. Thankfully I have not burst into flames from being out in the sunlight I have also not tanned at all, it's a long standing joke with my friends that my body rejects sunlight. So my neighbors have been tortured by my blindingly white legs while I work in the yard. Thankfully I've not seen anyone claw their eyes out yet.
Husband, Groan followed by "oh dear lord." sometimes he rolls his eyes for good measure.
Husband, "So what are you doing in the kitchen?" he follows this by a huff.
He sits up on the couch (lying down is the usual position) a smile spreads across his face. He is surrounded by a ray of light and angels harmonize in the back ground. Happiness has found its way to his evil heart.
Husband, "Okay." he lies back down totally missing my sarcasm.
In his defense he did mow the grass later and mowed my dads.
So this is the chicken enchilada adventure.
I read the recipe and it seemed simple enough. I got out the old trusty crock pot. Put in a can of enchilada sauce with the chicken breast. Set cooker to cook on high for 4 hours. Off to the yard I went to weed and take pictures.
Four hours and several "is it done yets" from my husband I continue on with the recipe.
I add the onion and small can of chilies. Then shred the chicken. It is very soupy. Pinterest link did not say anything about it being so soupy and I thought all the liquid would cause problems as I put the chicken in the tortillas. So I decided to strain the chicken. Seems pouring something from the crock pot into a strainer is not a good idea. Half my chicken went into sink.
Here began my moral dilemma. Husband had left to go get gas for lawn mower so I was alone. This is what took place in my mind: I can scoop this out of the sink put it back in with rest of the meat, finish cooking the meal and tell Husband I'm not hungry when it's time to eat. Letting him eat all by himself. That way he would never have to know I dumped half food in sink thus I would not have to listen to him laugh at me rest of day. The little devil on my shoulder said do it. The little devil on my other shoulder was in agreement. But in the end I did the right thing. Trashed what fell in sink. Thankfully what was left in the crockpot was more than plenty to finish recipe.
Everything went smoothly after that and we had the BEST enchiladas EVER! I did have to listen to husband laughing and reminding me of my little mishap with the sink. In the end I regretted not listening to the little devils on my shoulders. Husband and I are both in agreement this dish will be made here at the crypt often. But with no straining off the liquid.
So ended another Pinteresting day in the life of Gotha Stewart.


text:
New Rules That Would Limit Solar PV on Oregon Farmland
Restrictions on new solar arrays being built on high-value farmland are likely on the way in Oregon, but not before two dozen projects will be built in Marion County.
The Oregon Land Conservation and Development Commission is scheduled to enact new regulations at its Jan. 24 meeting that would effectively end most new solar farms in the Willamette Valley.
"We see a threat to high-value farmland so that's what this rulemaking is all about," said Roger Kaye, president of Friends of Marion County. "In my experience, solar arrays are another of these uses that are chewing up Oregon's prime farmland."
But proponents of the solar arrays on farmland said the new regulations could remove millions of acres of land from possible solar use, often land that is not productive for farming.
Regardless, there are 24 sites in Marion County already approved and if all are built, it would give the county 367 acres of solar arrays on a total of 31 farms out of 289,383 acres deemed high value.
Current rules allow farms to use 12 to 20 acres of land zoned Special Agriculture and Exclusive Farm Use for photovoltaic solar generation.
Marion County has the most acreage of soil classified as high-value farmland in the state so it has the most at stake.
"It's going to be a lot bigger impact for us," Marion County planning commissioner Joe Fennimore said. "We have a lot better soils in Marion County than Polk County."
Solar farms in Oregon
In a solar farm, farmers lease a portion of their land to a solar company. That company sells the electricity to a power company, Portland General Electric in the case of most in Marion County.
Solar farmers can receive between $1,000 and $4,000 per acre depending on location, and most solar developers need at least 5 acres to make a viable solar array.
Oregon has allowed solar farms on farmland since 1973.
But it wasn't until October 2011 that development quickened. It was then the Oregon Land Conservation and Development Commission adopted more specific rules on solar arrays: 12 acres on high-value farmland, 20 acres on non-high-value farmland and 100 acres on farmland deemed not suitable for growing crops.
Counties were allowed to opt out of allowing solar farms, but most didn't. Marion County approved its first applications for solar farms in 2015.
"We didn't even know about it," Marion County Commissioner Kevin Cameron said. "It got away from us. The legislature passed it. It allowed the planning commission to approve it."
It wasn't until the past few years when solar arrays were built on high-visibility farmland that many realized it was possible, but by then solar developers had made inroads with farmers all over the state and invested over $1 billion building them.
Marion County's solar problem
The Marion County Commissioners decided in March 2018 to stop taking applications for solar farms.
After a contentious commission meeting where dozens of people on both sides of the issue expressed complaints, the commission placed what was termed a moratorium on future solar farms.
"We've taken the position that no more solar fields, no more solar things come to Marion County in EFU land," Cameron said.
In April 2018, Yamhill County opted to no longer allow solar farms, a move Polk County had previously taken.
Marion County allowed applications to be taken another 30 days after the decision and by the deadline, 15 more sites were applied for.
Currently, five sites outside of Gervais, Silverton, Turner, Salem and Woodburn have been constructed for a total of 68 acres of solar panels in the county.
In total, 31 sites in the county have been approved for a total of 367 acres of solar panels with one 12-acre site still under review.
Of the 331,852 acres in Marion County zoned Special Agricultural or Exclusive Farm use, 289,363 acres are deemed high-value farm soil.
If all approved solar panels are constructed, less than 0.1 percent of the high-value farmland in Marion County would have solar panels.
Not far from Marion County's offices on Cordon Road is a site where a solar farm has been approved.
"Once that construction starts, I'm sure we'll start getting phone calls, too," Fenimore said.
Marion County can't find a resolution
When Marion County decided to stop taking applications, it was incorrectly termed a moratorium. That implied there would be an end date and the county would once again take applications.
"They basically took it out of the code," Fennimore said.
The county gathered a group of stakeholders from various interests including the solar power industry and environmental groups to craft new recommendations to bring to the Marion County Commissioners by October.
"We couldn't come to a consensus," Fennimore said. "We stopped the meetings at that point."
But it had become clear the state was going to address the issue.
"This is a general agreement in that if the state's going to make rules, we should wait to come up with our own rules," said Ben Williams of Friends of French Prairie, who was on the committee.
State commission to issue new rules
Over the past decade, solar arrays have become a huge economic driver in Oregon as $1.9 billion has been invested, according to Renewable Northwest.
As many as 140 proposed solar farms on EFU land have been submitted for approval in Oregon, but a small number have been constructed. In the Willamette Valley, 86 have been proposed and if those are all constructed, they would occupy 957 acres.
By comparison, about 56 projects in EFU land has been proposed in eastern, central and southern Oregon. If constructed, those would occupy about 17,000 acres.
The LCDC addressed solar arrays on high-value farm soil in 2018 and formed a committee to make recommendations.
The most recent draft of recommendations from the committee, dated January 10, would prohibit solar development on high-value farmland by not allowing development on land that has a history of irrigation.
The proposed language would still allow dual-use solar projects of up to 20 acres at locations such as sheep farms – like the one at Sheep Solar outside of Turner – or bee farms on the same land as a solar farm.
Proponents of solar power say the draft rules would undermine Oregon's energy projects and climate change will negatively affect agriculture in the state more than solar development.
"If the draft rule as proposed is adopted there will be significantly decreased opportunities to site solar in the Western Part of the state," said Amy Berg Pickett, the senior northwest zoning and outreach manager for Cypress Creek Renewables.
"The Oregon small businesses that support the solar industry will be negatively impacted. Citizens of Oregon in the Willamette Valley that prioritize the importance of balancing renewable energy infrastructure with the other goals of the state will have fewer opportunities to support clean, renewable energy. New and emerging energy professionals will find way fewer opportunities to work in Oregon."
According to Renewable Northwest, there are 1,459,588 acres of high-value farmland in the Willamette Valley and 954 acres are subject to applications for solar facilities.
Even if the state Land Conservation and Development Commission adopts the more restrictive regulations, approved sites – including the 24 in Marion County – can still build solar arrays if they do it within two years.
"I understand there's some farmers who want this because they've got unproductive land and they can make some money on it, but there's also farmers that would like to maybe put houses on their farm to make money on it," Cameron said.
"You take it out of farm production one way or the other, and so that's the thing with me."
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text:
Brexit Party volunteer, 81, hit with milkshake in 'assault'
Don MacNaughton said he'd stay at the scene and display the "war wound"
Jamie Phillips
Kirsty Bosley
An 81-year-old who set up a stall near a polling station to represent the Brexit Party has been 'milkshaked' in the what police are calling 'an assault'.
Ex-serviceman Don MacNaughton was "making a presence" for the party as polls opened for the European Elections.
He was hit with the drink just half an hour after setting up his stall, SurreyLive reports.
Mr MacNaughton said that a man started shouting abuse at him before he was hit with the milkshake in Aldershot 7.30am on Thursday (May 23).
Despite the incident, Mr MacNaughton said he would remain at the scene and continue to wear the shirt with pride to display the "war wound". He has refused lifts back to his Aldershot home and declined offers of a replacement shirt from sympathetic residents.
Hampshire Constabulary said it is investigating the reports of "an assault" and have been trying to make contact with the party volunteer.
Speaking to SurreyLive about the incident, the 81-year-old said: "Basically a youth in his early 20s gave me the middle finger, then went into a shop, obviously bought a milkshake and threw it over me.
"The police took a statement from me, but I didn't get a great look at them. He was wearing a dark tracksuit and was of a slight build. He came around the corner about 10 minutes before and gave me the finger. I just started laughing and he started shouting abuse at me. Then he came back and threw it at me. I just couldn't believe it.
Nigel Farage was hit by a milkshake in Newcastle on the same day his Brexit Party candidates were in Hull (Image: Getty Images)
"It wasn't comically funny, but I just found it hilariously funny. It is a shame we could not have debated political issues."
Mr MacNaughton, originally from Canada, moved to the area to join the British military, where he stayed for 22 years.
He added: "What happened is not going to halt me from doing it. I am just here raising awareness as a volunteer of the Brexit Party.
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"I help hand out leaflets and today I am helping to make a presence."
A spokesman for Hampshire Constabulary said: "We received a report at 10.06am from a third party about an assault on a man in his 80s at North Lane, Aldershot.
"We are investigating the incident and are trying to make contact with the victim."
tendendo


Looking for more recent t-shirts (2xl) of NASCAR drivers. Preferably new or never worn. I already have Trevor Bayne, JPM, and McMurray. I am always looking for other JPM and McMurray t-shirts, but I would like to pick up some of different drivers as well. Let me know what you have and pricing or I also have cards I could trade for them which I would prefer to do. Thanks!
added a list of drivers I DO NOT want! and the ones I want most.


text:
El Prado Estates – jednostka osadnicza w Stanach Zjednoczonych, w stanie Arizona, w hrabstwie Yuma.

CDP w stanie Arizona

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
class NoCachePage < Page
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


I just got some Enigma AV tasks and they are failing.
All my AV tasks fail within 3 to 9 seconds.
Does Enigma AV use AVX instruction set? The Xeon X5570 does not have it and they are failing in that PC. In this other one, with Intel i7-4700MQ it is running correctly.
I have a lot of failures on machines that have AVX/AVX2. Scratch that, they all have failed.
Message 4877 - Posted: 16 May 2017, 7:45:28 UTC - in response to Message 4871.
It's just a standard build from Visual Studio 2017. AV is just an abbreviation from author's forum name.
Message 4881 - Posted: 16 May 2017, 12:26:36 UTC - in response to Message 4878.
It never came to my mind to run it to check for any dependencies. Thank you so much!
Message 4893 - Posted: 17 May 2017, 22:19:46 UTC - in response to Message 4881.
Message 4894 - Posted: 17 May 2017, 23:52:04 UTC - in response to Message 4893.
It might be possible to rebuild the project with static linking, then installation of the redistributable would not be required. For static lnking, the Runtime Library setting in Visual Studio must be set to "Multi-threaded (/MT)".
Message 4907 - Posted: 20 May 2017, 14:52:39 UTC - in response to Message 4894.
Message 4909 - Posted: 20 May 2017, 17:57:44 UTC - in response to Message 4907.
For statistics: I have only x64 redistributable installed and works fine.
I've just updated the app to 1.05, this version should fix the problem with missing libraries. There is also default x86_64 app which is about 15% faster.
windows_intelx86 app requires i686 or better CPU. There is almost no performance gain on x86 with SSE or SSE2 enabled (less than 0,5%).
windows_x86_64 app requires 64bit CPU with SSE2.
Running AV 1.05 units without any problems.


Very reposnsive to my first call, came to give the estimate which was accurate, gave an approximate start date but held up because of necessary tree removal and weather, but started shortly after. The sidewalks were torn up, new forms placed, 4 inches of gravel placed alont with metal reinforcement, 2 steps on private property were replaced along with a section of the private walk. they suggested that an apron where the 2 sidewalks met should be replaced and we agreed. I requested a small 16″x 6 feet area be placed from the sidewalk toe the curb which they did and added on the cost appropriately. After construction complete they sealed the concrete. they replaced as much of the backfill as they could along the sides of the walk. I figured the cost of the job was aobut $12 per sqaure foot which may be high, but the professioanlism and responsiveness and superior quality of the work was worth it. I would strongly recommend them and use them again if necessary.
1. My initial phone call was returned promptly and courteously within 24 hours.
3. The quote was detailed, flexible, and set out clearly the options that I could select from.
4. Emails and correspondence were returned promptly and efficiently.
5. The work was carried out earlier than anticipated to fit in with a house painting schedule.
The company is rightly proud of their attention to detail and care in integrating their work into the architecture and style of the various older homes of Pittsburgh. They certainly hit a home run on my job.
What struck me on this was that two of the brothers who run the company carried out the work themselves and worked very very hard. They were efficient, courteous, and totally professional.
I was so thrilled with the look of the job that I told Fred that 'I felt like it was Christmas'. My neighbors are all also very impressed indeed and all have commented on how great it looks.
Thank you so much to the team for a fantastic job. I couldn't be more pleased.
Replaced complete sidewalk of 60′, replaced concrete cheeks of steps, replaced front step.
The quality of the job is fantastic, and the speed at which they were able to complete the job was crazy fast! The owner and workers are very polite. The price is somewhat steep from discussions with other friend that have had similar jobs, but it was worth it. My only issue was they trampled several flowers that were several feet from the project…they could have been a bit more cautious about the placement of the wood they used to frame.
Workmanship is top-notch and will look great for many years. This was a project that took a couple of years to coordinate between ourselves and neighbors, Rick was very patient through the entire process and was very thorough in explaining how best to layout and grade the replacement walkway and driveway to address our concerns.
Project was completed in a couple of days, with limited interruption to surrounding landscaping.
It was an expensive project, but well worth it and we would gladly have them back.
Replaced shared sidewalk between neighbors house and our own. Replaced driveway / parking pad. Installed drain for downspout through driveway. Regraded almost entire area to ensure water could drain properly.
The project went well, and Dibucci was the only company to respond to my calls. Furthermore, they did quality a job and charged a fair price. The only issue was that it took them a while to come out and actually perform the work.
They poured concrete over the strip of land between our sidewalk and the curb.
After seeing some of my neighbors having problems with cement contractors, and after calling a few and not even getting my calls retuned, I found DiBucci and Sons cement contractors. These guys removed my old sidewalk and driveway and replaced it – all in two and a half days. Their team worked together like members of a symphony. It was amazing to watch. The result: meticulous craftsmanship and attention to detail. For example, they went to great lengths to curve the sidewalk around my old oak tree so as not to compromise the root system. They sloped the driveway curb in such a way as to minimze the bumpy transition to the street. They textured the cement so it would not be as slippery in the winter. I can assure you that I can be quite picky and these guys didn't miss a thing. I recommend them completely.
New cement driveway, sidewalk and curb.
When Ii called summer of 2012, Rick was very responsive but warned me that they were backed up. As it turned out the weather prevented them from doing the job until March 2013. He replaced our front stoop. It had been brick and mortor but had sunken so much it was dangerous . They replaced the stoop with poured concrete that matched the existing sidewalk perfectly which is approximately 40 years old. He also graded the walkway and stoop slightly to make water roll away from the house. The job turned out better than we had hoped for!
We needed to get some concrete replaced at our property. We had worked with DiBucci and Sons before so we knew what to expect. Bid was done promptly after I called, concrete work was scheduled in accordance with their/our schedule and needs. The expertise of Rick, Fred and his crew is amazing. Concrete is one of those things that you will hopefully only have to replace once or twice during ownership of the property. It is something that also pays to use a very good company as it is something that you will have to look at every day for the next however many years.
As it usually goes in all jobs, we had concerns about how to do certain things and Rick and Fred address each and every issue and explain why certain things are done certain ways. We are continually impressed at how much they accomplish in one day and the pace (not hurried but expedient) that they keep while completing each job. They are very courteous and listen to all of our concerns and address each item with their extensive knowledge and experience while maintaining flexibility if we have certain requirements that we need to have met.
They are truly pros at what they do and we enjoy working with them on concrete projects.
Scope: front steps with cheek walls, front sidewalk, city sidewalk, sidewalk between houses, rear sidewalk, rear patio, rear steps with cheek walls, garage apron and garage floors for a two car garage.
Great company with great customer service, experience and expertise.
They were very professional and innovative in the way they solved problems. I would use them again.
Dibucci and Sons Stone and Concrete repaved the driveway and a wall.
The service is extremely high quality. It is a very professional job and they are very good at troubleshooting. They changed the slope of the driveway and stairs to improve them. They guarantees their work.
They re-paved a driveway and staircases. We also had radiant heating installed and they re-did all of the curbing in front of our house.
They did a good job and I was very pleased with them. They came out and explained everything to me and then they came out and did a very good job. I remember them being a little bit expensive. I will use them in the future.
used Dibucci and Sons Stone and Concrete to do my concrete repair.
We worked with this company twice this summer. Everything went well. Highly professional.
They were very professional. They gave a similar estimate to the other contractors. It wasn't super-cheap or super-expensive. They had suggestions to make sure the construction would be cost-effective. They wanted to give us options.
They gave us an estimate on removing and replacing concrete steps, as well as putting in a sidewalk to the cooking area.
DiBucci was a pleasure to deal with, from providing a prompt quote to finishing the work. The quote was at the low end of the bids I received, even considering the extra work for the aggregate surface that others didn't offer. We chose DiBucci because you can see their quality work around Pittsburgh. The work was performed very quickly once they started, and they cleaned up all of the debris when they were finished. Rick DiBucci was available to answer all of my questions, and the crew that performed the work was courteous. We are very pleased with how the sidewalk turned out, and would definitely call DiBucci again for future projects.
Removed an old sidewalk in front of our Shadyside home and arranged to have a tree removed by the City of Pittsburgh Forestry. Poured a new concrete sidewalk with an aggregate finish (approx 43′ by 5′).
It was a difficult job because of our location (44 steps up from the street). They were professional, cleaned up after the job and did, really, perfect work. We couldn't be more pleased.
Removed old concrete steps and the side walls and poured new steps and sidewalls.
My experience with them has been fantastic. The quality of the work that was done will stand the test of time. I know that for a fact because my backyard has 20 year old concrete work done by them that is in great shape. They tend to be on the pricier side, but you can't find better workmanship. The price that they quoted me was great, and he came in cheaper than the other guys, and he does much better work. They stayed ahead of schedule and stood by their work. I wouldn't trust anyone else but this company to do any work like this. I will continue to use this company in the future.
I hired them to replace concrete around my home.
It did take a while to get it scheduled. But the job was perfect – you can't tell which stone was replaced! Moreover, I had asked them how much it would cost to do some patchwork that was screwed up by a previous contractor, and they patched it at no extra cost.
A stone was broken on a 100 year old porch step and needed to be replaced.
They were very professional and very knowledgeable. When I asked about something special for the sidewalk nearest the street, they recommended something that worked out very well that didn't cost much extra. We would definitely use them for more work in the future.
They came out and poured a new sidewalk and driveway. They redid our front porch with slate many years ago. In March we had them back since it had been a number of years. We had them fix it up like new.
FRED DIBUCCI AND HIS COMPANY ARE VERY PROFESSIONAL. THEIR WORK IS THE BEST IN THIS CITY.
FULL DRIVEWAY AND PORCH DONE BY THIS COMPANY.


The Barmy Army, acknowledged as England Cricket's number one supporters' group, has unveiled a new logo which no longer includes the Cross of St George to reflect the fact that its fan base comes from all parts of the United Kingdom.
Paul Burnham, former Managing Director and co-founder of the Barmy Army, is taking a step back from the business but will continue to work with Chris to develop the Barmy Army brand. The new arrangement also sees the Barmy Army move its headquarters from Middlesex to Sheffield — home town of current England Cricket Captain Joe Root.
The removal of the St George's flag will see the introduction of the Barmy Army crest which may have elements of the St Georges flag in and is due to be unveiled later this summer. The Barmy Army has formed a partnership with Great Branding Company who will be running Barmy Army merchandise in the UK over the next four years. They are Europe's leader in Sports Merchandise and for 17 years have been the official supplier to Adidas, Reebok, Warrior & hold exclusive UEFA rights for UEFA, Champions League and FIFA World Cup 2018.
Pino Grillo, Managing Director of Great Branding says: "We are delighted to welcome BA to the world of Great Branding and very excited to launch new collections of official Licenced Products to worldwide followers".
The Barmy Army is a limited company originally set up to make watching cricket fun and more popular. It was founded during the 1994-95 Ashes series when Australian Media dubbed followers of the England team the 'Barmy Army' for travelling so far in the near-certain knowledge their team would get beaten — but carrying on to loudly support England even when they were losing. Paul Burnham, a former British Airways executive and one of the fans on that tour, created clothing bearing the Barmy Army name as mementos. After selling nearly 2,000 items in 20 days he and co-founders David Peacock and Gareth Evans trademarked the term. The Barmy Army, which now has 2,500 First Class members, over 18,000 subscribers and more than 235,000 followers on social media, organises overseas tours for supporters through its Barmy Travel operation.


text:
EXCLUSIVE: Sephora Canada Embraces Lunar New Year With a New Campaign
Kartia Velino | January 14, 2021	3 Views	0 Likes	0 Ratings
Starring Canadian influencers Brigitte Truong and Angel Zheng.
By Natasha Bruno
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This year, Lunar New Year welcomes The Year of The Ox and Sephora Canada is getting the festivities started early with the release of its fifth annual Lunar New Year campaign.
Beginning today, Sephora fans can shop an assortment of limited-edition beauty goods as well as custom Lunar New Year gift cards and promo offers. What most noteworthy, however, is the campaign's much-welcomed push past the commercial by featuring meaningful moments of cross-cultural exchange that highlight different values and traditions behind the holiday. (Lunar New Year is an annual 15-day festival that's celebrated by multiple East Asian cultures around the world. It officially kicks off on February 12th.)
The Lunar New Year campaign is the latest extension of Sephora Canada's We Belong To Something Beautiful series, a platform that's been championing diversity and inclusion since its inception in 2019. To bring the campaign to life, the beauty retailer has brought on Canadian influencers Brigitte Truong and Angel Zheng.
A selection of limited-edition Lunar New Year beauty offerings available at Sephora Canada.
Through videos and images shared across Sephora Canada's social media platforms, both women will be seen highlighting the significance that the holiday holds to them. Truong will also be featured in campaign imagery, alongside her mother, both online and in select stores.
"On the first day of Lunar New Year, which is the busiest day, my parents and I always visit the Buddhist temple around the corner from their home. This is an opportunity for us to pray to deities for good luck, blessings and prosperity in the coming year," explains Truong who's based in Toronto and describes herself as first-generation Chinese Canadian." We also enjoy other festivities that are held throughout the afternoon, like a celebratory lunch, a traditional dragon dance, unique holiday treats and festive music."
"The holiday is an important time for our immediate and extended family to come together to enjoy food, love and the exchange of red envelopes," she adds. "More importantly, it's a time for us to really pay homage to our loved ones who have passed on: Family gatherings allow us to honour the blessings they gave us when they were still with us."
Brigitte Truong photographed alongside her mother Michelle. Courtesy of Sephora Canada.
For Vancouver-based Zheng, celebrating family ties rings true, too. "Since my parents and I moved to Canada from China when I was four, we've never really been able to celebrate Lunar New Year in its entirety, however we always like to host a family dinner and celebrate with traditional Lunar New Year food, like rice cakes, noodles, glutinous rice balls and dumplings," she says.
The world of beauty is also very closely linked. "I look forward to this time of the year because the family gets bolder with the colour red: red lipstick, eyeshadow, jewelry, and clothing. Red represents joy, happiness and good luck — three things we all strive for," reveals Truong. "My mom still gives me lucky money in traditional gold and red envelopes and, in recent years, I've been gifting her red lipstick."
It's this very connection that makes participating in the Sephora campaign even more special for Zheng. "Ever since Sephora started to showcase Lunar New Year, another tradition that my mom added to our celebrations was shopping for Lunar New Year-inspired beauty products. Since my sister and I receive hong baos (lucky red pockets that are filled with money) from our aunties and uncles, my mom would take us to Sephora to shop for beauty and skincare products" she says. "This is not a cultural tradition at all, but it's something unique to my family that I enjoy every year."
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They've worked four arduous years for their goal. I only worked for six and a half months. But it was an accomplishment for all of us…tackling something that we thought at times was completely beyond our abilities. Nevertheless, we persevered.
Our only granddaughter, and her fiance Colin, graduated this weekend from West Point and were commissioned as 2nd lieutenants in the army. We were privileged to attend many of the week's celebrations from the final parade formation on the hallowed parade grounds to the pinning ceremony on the Catholic Chapel's balcony overlooking the stunning Hudson River Valley.
In the midst of the pomp and centuries-old ritual, we found time to relax and visit. And to share with them the Bali Wedding Star quilt created for their up-coming wedding. The quilt top was finally finished the week before the West Point festivities. Soon it will be taken to a long-arm quilter to create the quilt "sandwich" – top, batting and backing held together with decorative stitching. Then I'll somehow figure out how to complete the quilt with a curved edge binding. Perhaps just in time for their deployment to Fort Bragg, NC next spring.
Let's just say this quilt has been a learning experience every step of the way…especially in regards to reading instructions which typically took me 24 hours to decipher for each step of the process. And there were many steps. Which became many groups. Which became many units. Which were eventually sewn together to become one large 80 x 80 quilt. Phew.
After months of clipping things into groups, then storing them in specifically labeled baggies, the units were artfully arranged on our expanded dining room table prior to final assembly, a process that took only a few days and seemed somewhat anticlimactic until the final seam. Which was like wrestling a bear while attempting to perfectly match all the seams. I staggered back to my corner hardly able to believe the quilt top was finished. Finally! My design wall was full of exquisite stars!
Congratulations to your granddaughter and her fella. West Point was one of my favourite places to visit when we lived in Poughkeepsie and passing out parade was a joy to experience. I hope that the weather was good to you all.and you were able to appreciate your beautiful surroundings.
I am so glad you persevered in this quilt Lynne, it's beautiful! When we are in the midst of the work, it's hard to see if what we are struggling with will be worth it in the end. What a wonderful tribute to the hard work Judy and Colin have accomplished. Congratulations to them, and to you, too.
What valiant efforts upon all of your parts. Love the stars theme. A great reminder of all of the work that each/all of you put in over the last few years.
Marie,the weather was perfect! Low 70s, sunny days.
Lynne, how special!!! Such a proud day for them, together, choosing to serve our country. And such a pleasure to them for her grandma to give an exquisite piece of art which will be totally functional. Congrats to all. Including Robert who had to share his table. Wonderful.
Congratulations to Judy and Colin! The quilt you made for them is awesome, as is "the Bright Morning Star".
What a stellar constellation you all are! God bless you and your grands. And God bless our soon-to-be art weekend; I miss you and can hardly wait to see you.


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and would like to work together with the IGDA GA-SIG.
Pirate Gaming is the same like the VDVC.
They represent the gamer in Germany.
Additionally they are political focused.
Like the VDVC the contact will be via me.
And maybe some will join the SIG.
A student had a great idea.
that they want Game Accessibility as topic.
I think this is a nice idea.


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Champions League anthem transforms Real: Di Maria
Paris Saint-Germain star Angel di Maria. PHOTO: AFP
Forget their patchy form this season, Real Madrid are a team transformed once the Champions League anthem plays.
That's the view of Paris Saint-Germain's former Los Blancos star Angel di Maria.
Ahead of the clubs' Champions League last-16 clash at the Santiago Bernabeu tomorrow morning (Singapore time), he told PSG's club website: "The Champions League anthem transforms Real Madrid.
"They are a great team regardless of the circumstances, but they always perform at their best in this competition - it's totally different from league competition.
"It is very hard to control matches against Madrid as they do not set out to control possession and space, so we must focus on playing our natural game."
While Real Madrid have won Europe's premier club competition a record 12 times, PSG defender Marquinhos is uncowed. He believes that this season his team have entered a "new dimension".
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The French side have never won the Champions League and not made it past the quarter-final stage.
The Brazilian told Goal.com: "PSG have entered a new dimension and we have even more potential than the last few years.
"We finished first in our group, whereas last year we had to settle for second place."
A key part of that increased potential is the fact that the French side now boasts Neymar in their ranks.
Having faced the Brazilian superstar several times when he donned Barcelona colours, Dani Carvajal admits "there's no magic formula to stop Neymar".
He told Spanish daily AS: "There's no magic formula to stop Neymar. We just have to hope that he has an off-day.
"Criticism? We haven't been stung by it. We're self-critical and we know that we haven't had our best season."
Real's disappointing season sees them fourth in La Liga, a whopping 17 points behind leaders Barca.
But midfielder Toni Kroos believes the most important thing for Real is to trust in their talent.
He told Spanish daily Marca: "The important thing for us is to trust in ourselves and our own ability.
"PSG's team is fantastic, every player is and their team is hugely complex - their attack is incredible, yet they are about much more than that."
With PSG boasting Kylian Mbappe, Neymar and Edinson Cavani and Real having their own trio of attacking superstars in Cristiano Ronaldo, Gareth Bale and Karim Benzema, there will be no shortage of attacking talent on show.
But Cavani is not convinced that will translate into a high-scoring affair.
He told Marca: "I don't know if it will be a match with lots of goals. I don't think it will be.
"The first leg, at least, is always the tightest. They won't want us to score against them, while the away team usually tries to wait and counter attack...
"It will be an even match, in which there'll also be a need for lots of defensive work."


There is good news - and challenging news - for outsourcing buyers, service providers and advisors: most enterprises are pleased they moved into an outsourcing model, but have recognized they need to make significant changes to the way they manage their service provider relationships, if they are to realize real value in the future.
We can bemoan for days the struggles so many outsourcing clients are going through trying to achieve value beyond cost, however, the happy reality of today's outsourcing business, is that most services buyers are only expecting their service providers to be agents of cost-reduction and efficiency.
These expectations change as processes become more efficient and governance skills develop, which is when service providers will be held to task to bring new capabilities to the table, namely automation, analytical prowess and process reinvention, which we will reveal shortly. However, for now the industry is - by and large - a reasonably happy place to be. It's the next phase of business transformation with will separate the wheat from the chaff... a phase we have already entered, even though many have not yet realized it.
Very good analysis. It's clear to me from this that the outsource model is working - we're just seeing services firms struggle to convince their clients they can do more than drive savings. It also begs the question whether many clients have genuine ambitions to use providers for more than low cost support.
Nice article, confronting results in the questionaire. Indeed the Service Providers must meet the "as-a-service" demand economy as you called. More SaaS, more standard services and software. Raw, but true.
Insightful stuff. Outsourcing runs the risk of becoming an interim step for many firms who are micro-focused on cost - once they have milked the labor arbitrage, they will look at new means for further savings and this will lead them to areas like automation and process redesign. As the data points out, many clients will look at alternative suppliers when they need to move to the next level.
Very good article with statistics. Most outsourcing fails to deliver value beyond cost, and many buyers struggle to find the best approach with a current provider. Will be interesting to see how many providers adapt to this market environment and deliver more value other than just cost advantages.
What Arnie says is true actually. it was started as a learning process, moved on to be a collaborative process .. there are still some irritants and lets calll it disputes but by and large i also think it is largely irreversible... There should have been or rather let me put it this way, there should be more effort on innovation and change and solutions and improvements.
Leslie Wilcox and Mary Lacity of Oxford U presented a paper, think it was late 90s/early 2000. The figure was then 70% across US, UK primarily of customers who wouldnt go back. I believe in addition to the as-a-service disruptive models, though primarily in small businesses, the mindset of customers has changed to expect as close to 'ouput/outcome based pricing' models. The other aspect from personal observation is that most customers do not defines measures and/or what success looks like over 3, 5, 7 year periods. On the supplier side, believe there is not enough effort to drive innovation and transformation and if we delve deepeer into reasons why 33% of customers as per graph would change suppliers - this one element would be top of the list.
Phil, great article and an interesting topic. How do buyers get that trust to allow higher complexity items to be sourced to get to that next level of value? A great follow up discussion, as it creates this 'middle place' where buyers want more, are tentative to give up more (for fear of loss of control or trust), and then result back in the lower cost 'happy place'. I also appreciate the analysis of would you go back, as buyers get more sophisticated with vendor mgmt it begets the question "shouldn't we do this ourselves?" It's a critical pause point to really step back to see what industry expertise your supplier is bringing, what leverage they provide for you to focus on other initiatives and how to take advantage of supplier technologies and scale. I also challenge everyone to really continue to ask the question 'what really is value to me?" Keep up the good work!!!
My own experience has shown to me over the past (many many) years the crux of the service provider not delivering value or meeting expectations is found in the commercial T&C's of the agreement. In the final negotiations, the procurement organisation strips back all the added-value focus to drive a contract based on transactional measurements, arbitrary derived SLAs with service credits and penalties that have little or no validity to the outcome that was envisaged.
Excellent article. Some exciting challenges ahead for legacy service providers. The research appears to point to an excellent disruption opportunity for nimble As a service providers with robotics, process automation and rapidly deplorable solutions. Really interested in testing the dynamic around reticence to outsource high value activities. Think this still fundamentally highlights a lack of trust in many outsourced relationships. Keep up the good work.
It's a very incisive article.
Great statistics. I believe that it's good to look at outsourcing as 'partnerships'. Too often, enterprises indeed think about a 'service provider' > we're customer, they are provider, let them deliver. By moving into a marriage, a real partnership, companies have a joint interest and a partnership (as a marriage) produces more positive results.