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Henri Cartier-Bresson (Chanteloup-en-Brie, 22. kolovoza 1908. – Montjustin, 3. kolovoza 2004.) - francuski fotograf koji se smatra ocem novinske fotografije. Bio je majstor tzv. "iskrene fotografije" (eng. candid photography) i među prvim korisnicima filma tipa 135. Pridonio je razvoju ulične fotografije, te skovao termin "odlučujući trenutak" (eng. the decisive moment).

Rani život
Henri Cartier-Bresson  je rođen u obitelji bogatog proizvođača tekstila (konac Cartier-Bresson se najčešće nalazio u priborima za šivanje u Francuskoj), kao najstariji od petero djece. Rođaci s majčine strane su bili zemljovlasnici i prodavači pamuka iz Normandije, gdje je Henri proveo dio djetinjstva. Obitelj Cartier-Bresson je živjela u buržujskom susjedstvu u Parizu, Rue de Lisbonne, blizu Place de l'Europe i parka Monceau. Roditelji su ga podupirati financijski pa se Henri mogao slobodnije baviti fotografijom od njegovih suvremenika. Henri se također bavio skiciranjem.

Mladi Henri je fotografirao obiteljske odmore s kamerom Box Brownie; kasnije je eksperimentirao s tehničkom kamerom velikog formata (3x4 inča). Odgajan je na tradicionalni buržujski način, te su od njega zahtijevali da se obraća roditeljima službenim "vi" umjesto "ti". Njegov je otac bio uvjeren da će njegov sin preuzeti obiteljski posao, no Henri je bio nepopustljiv, a također se bojao te mogućnosti.

Cartier-Bresson je pohađao École Fénelon, katoličku školu koja je pripremala učenike za licej Condorcet. Engleska guvernanta po imenu "Miss Kitty" je usadila u njemu ljubav i poznavanje engleskog jezika. Redar ga je zatekao kako čita knjigu Rimbauda ili Mallarméa i ukorio ga: "Neće biti nereda u tvojem školovanju!". Cartier-Bresson je rekao: "Upotrijebio je neformalno"ti", što je obično značilo da ćete dobiti dobre batine.". Ali je nastavio: "Čitat ćete u mojem uredu.". Pa, to nije bila ponuda koju je morao ponoviti.".

Slikarstvo
Nakon što se pokušao baviti glazbom, njegov ujak Louis, nadareni slikar, upoznao ga je s uljem na platnu. No poduka iz slikanja je prestala kad je ujak poginuo u Prvom svjetskom ratu.

Godine 1927. Cartier-Bresson je upisao privatnu umjetničku školu i akademiju Lhote, pariški studio kubističkog slikara i kipara Andréa Lhotea. Lhoteova ambicija je bila da integrira kubistički pristup u realnost s klasičnim umjetničkim formama; želio je povezati francusku klasičnu tradiciju Nicolasa Poussina i Jacques-Louisa Davida s modernizmom. Cartier-Bresson je također učio slikanje kod portretista Jacquesa Émilea Blanchea. Tijekom ovog razdoblja čitao je Dostojevskog, Schopenhauera, Rimbauda, Nietzschea, Mallarméa, Freuda, Prousta, Joycea, Hegela, Engelsa i Marxa. Lhote je vodio svoje učenike u Louvre da ih uči klasičnim umjetnostima, i u pariške galerije da ih uči suvremenoj umjetnosti. Cartier-Bresson je kombinirao zanimanje za modernu umjetnost s divljenjem prema djelima renesansnih majstora: Jana van Eycka, Paola Uccella, Masaccia, Piera della Francesce. Gledao je na Lhotea kao na učitelja "fotografije bez kamere".

Utjecaj fotografije nadrealista
Iako je Cartier-Bresson postao frustriran Lhoteovim pristupom "opterećenog pravilima", rigorozno učenje teorije kasnije mu je pomoglo da identificira i riješi probleme umjetničke forme i kompozicije u fotografiji. 1920-ih diljem cijele Europe su se pojavljivale škole fotografskog realizma, ali svaka je imala drugačiji pogled na to kojim smjerom fotografija treba krenuti. Cartier-Bresson se počeo družiti s nadrealistima u kafeu Cyrano na Place Blanche. Susreo je mnogo vodećih protagonista pokreta, te ga je privukla njihova tehnika korištenja podsvjesnog i neposrednog. Povjesničar Peter Galassi objašnjava:

Nadrealisti su pristupali fotografiji na isti način na koji su Aragon i Breton... pristupali ulici: s nezasitnim apetitom za uobičajeno i neuobičajeno... Nadrealisti su prepoznali u običnoj fotografskoj činjenici bitnu osobinu koja je bila isključena iz ranijih teorija fotografskog realizma. Opazili su da obične fotografije, naročito kad više nemaju praktične funkcije, sadrže bogatstvo nenamjernih, nepredvidljivih značenja.

Cartier-Bresson je umjetnički sazrijevao u ovoj nemirnoj kulturnoj i političkoj atmosferi. No, iako je znao koncepte, nije ih znao izraziti pa je nezadovoljan svojim eksperimentima uništio većinu ranih slika.

Cambridge i vojska
Od 1928. do 1929. Cartier-Bresson je studirao umjetnost, književnost i engleski jezik na sveučilištu u Cambridgeu, gdje je postao dvojezičan. Godine 1930., tijekom novačenja u francusku vojsku na Le Bourget blizu Pariza, prisjetio se: "Bilo mi je teško, također, zato što sam nosio Joycea pod rukom i pušku Lebel na ramenu.".

Prva kamera
Godine 1929. njegov zapovjednik eskadrile odredio mu je kućni pritvor zato što je lovio bez dozvole. Upoznao je američkog emigranta Harryja Crosbyja u pariškom predgrađu Le Bourget koji je uvjerio zapovjednika da mu preda Cartier-Bressona na skrb na nekoliko dana. Obojica su se zanimala za fotografiju, te mu je Harry poklonio prvu kameru. Provodili su vrijeme zajedno fotografirajući i izrađujući fotografije u Crosbyjevoj kući Le Moulin du Soleil blizu Pariza u komuni Ermenonville. Crosby je kasnije reako da je Cartier-Bresson "izgledao poput žutokljunca, sramežljivo i krhko, i blago kao sirutka". Cartier-Bresson se upustio u vezu s Crosbyjevom suprugom Caresse, koja je trajala do 1931.

Bijeg u Afriku
Dvije godine nakon što je Harry Crosby počinio samoubojstvo, Cartier-Bressonova veza s Caresse Crosby je završila 1931., nakon čega je bio neutješan. Tijekom služenja je čitao Conradovu novelu Srce tame. To mu je dalo ideju da pobjegne i potraži avanturu na Obali Bjelokosti u francuskoj koloniji u Africi. Preživljavao je loveći divljač i prodajući je lokalnom stanovništvu. U lovu je naučio metode koje će kasnije koristiti u fotografiji. Na Obali Bjelokosti je dobio komplikaciju malarije, crnomokraćnu groznicu, koja ga je gotovo ubila. Još uvijek grozničav, poslao je upute svojem djedu za vlastiti pogreb: zamolio ga je da ga pokopaju u Normandiji, na rubu šume Eawy za vrijeme izvedbe Gudačkog kvarteta Debussyja. Iako je sa sobom ponio prijenosnu kameru (manju od Kodakove Brownie), samo je sedam fotografija preživjelo trope.

Fotografija

Nakon povratka u Francusku, Cartier-Bresson se oporavljao u Marseilleu kasne 1931. i produbio svoj odnos s nadrealistima. Godine 1930. inspirirala ga je fotografija mađarskog fotoreportera Martina Munkacsija, na kojoj tri naga crnoputa dječaka trče u valove Tanganjike. Fotografija Tri dječaka na jezeru Tanganjika je ulovila slobodu, čar i spontanost njihovog kretanja i radost življenja. Ona ga je inspirirala da prestane slikati i da se ozbiljno počne baviti fotografijom. Objasnio je: "Odjednom sam shvatio da fotografija može fiksirati vječnost u tren."

Nabavio je kameru Leica s lećama od 50 mm kojom će snimati mnogo godina. Prednost male kamere u gomili ili za vrijeme intimnog trenutka bila je bitna za prevladavanje službenog i neprirodnog ponašanja osoba koje se fotografiraju. Čak je obojio sve sjajne dijelove kamere crnom bojom. Leica je otvarala nove mogućnosti u fotografiji - da snimi svijet u njegovom stvarnom stanju kretanja i preobražaja. Fotografirao je u Berlinu, Bruxellesu, Varšavi, Pragu, Budimpešti i Madridu. Njegove fotografije su prvi put izložene u galeriji Julien Levy u New Yorku  1932., i zatim u klubu Ateneo u Madridu. Godine 1934. u Meksiku je izlagao zajedno s Manuelom Álvarezom Bravom. U početku nije puno fotografirao u rodnoj Francuskoj, te će proći godine prije nego što će početi tamo intenzivno snimati.

Godine 1934. Cartier-Bresson je upoznao mladog poljskog intelektualca, fotografa po imenu David Szymin, kojeg su zvali "Chim" jer se njegovo prezime teško izgovaralo. Szymin je kasnije promijenio ime u David Seymour. Obojica su kulturološki imala puno toga zajedničkoga. Preko Chima je Cartier-Bresson upoznao mađarskog fotografa po imenu Endré Friedmann, koji je kasnije promijenio ime u Robert Capa.

Izložbe u SAD-u
Cartier-Bresson je otputovao u SAD 1935. s pozivnicom da predstavi svoj rad u njujorškoj galeriji Julien Levy. Izlagao je zajedno s kolegama Walkerom Evansom i M.A. Bravom. Angažirala ga je Carmel Snow iz modnog časopisa Harper's Bazaar, no zadatak nije dobro odradio jer nije znao kako komunicirati s modelima. Unatoč tomu, Snow je bila prva američka urednica koja je objavila njegove fotografije u časopisu. Dok je bio u New Yorku upoznao je fotografa Paula Stranda, koji je radio kao snimatelj na dokumentarnom filmu Plug koji je uništio ravnice, o vremenu Velike depresije.

Filmovi
Kad se vratio u Francusku, Cartier-Bresson se prijavio za posao kod čuvenog francuskog filmskog režisera Jeana Renoira. Glumio je u filmu iz 1936. Partie de campagne i La Règle du jeu iz 1939., gdje je glumio batlera i radio kao pomoćnik režisera. Renoir mu je dao da glumi tako da može razumjeti kako je s druge strane kamere. Cartier-Bresson je također pomogao Renoiru snimiti film za komunističku stranku o 200 obitelji, uključujući vlastitu, koje vladaju Francuskom. Tijekom Španjolskog građanskog rata Cartier-Bresson je režirao antifašistički film s Herbertom Klineom radi promocije republikanskih zdravstvenih usluga.

Početak novinske fotografije
Cartier-Bressonove prve fotoreportaže pojavile su se 1937., kad je izvještavao s krunidbe kralja Đure VI. i kraljice Elisabeth, za francuski tjednik Regards. Usredotočio se na podanike novog monarha na londonskim ulicama, te nije fotografirao kralja. Potpisao se s "Cartier" jer je oklijevao upotrijebiti puno obiteljsko prezime.

Brak
Godine 1937. Cartier-Bresson se oženio javanskom plesačicom, Ratnom "Elie" Mohini. Živjeli su u stanu u Parizu, u ulici Neuve-des-Petits-Champs br. 19 (sada ulica Danielle Casanova), u velikom studiju s malom spavaonicom, kuhinjom i kupaonicom, gdje je Cartier-Bresson razvijao film. Između 1937. i 1939. Cartier-Bresson je radio kao fotograf za francuske komunističke novine Ce Soir. S Chimom i Capom, Cartier-Bresson je bio ljevičar, ali se nikad nije pridružio francuskoj komunističkoj partiji.

Drugi svjetski rat
Kad je Drugi svjetski rat izbio u rujnu 1939. Cartier-Bresson se pridružio francuskoj vojsci kao kaplar u jedinici za film i fotografiju. Tijekom bitke za Francusku, u lipnju 1940. u Saint-Dié-des-Vosges, zarobili su ga njemački vojnici te je proveo 35 mjeseci u radnom logoru. Dvaput je pokušao pobjeći za što je bio smješten u samicu. Treći bijeg je bio uspješan te se sakrio na farmi u Touraineu prije nego što je dobio krivotvorene dokumente koji su mu omogućili da putuje Francuskom. U Francuskoj je radio za podzemlje, pomažući drugim bjeguncima i tajno dokumentirajući s ostalim fotografima okupaciju i zatim oslobođenje Francuske. Godine 1943. iskopao je svoju Leicu na farmi blizu Vogezija. Krajem rata ga je američki ured za ratne informacije pozvao da snimi dokumentarac Le Retour o povratku francuskih zarobljenika i prognanika.

Krajem rata u Ameriku su stigle glasine da je Cartier-Bresson ubijen. Njegov film o povratku izbjeglica (prikazanog u SAD-u 1947.) potaknuo je retrospektivu njegovog rada u MoMA-i, umjesto postumne izložbe koju je muzej pripremao. Izložba je premijerno otvorena 1947. zajedno s izdanjem njegove prve knjige, The Photographs of Henri Cartier-Bresson, za koju su tekst napisali Lincoln Kirstein i Beaumont Newhall.

Magnum Photos
Rane 1947. Cartier-Bresson je, s Robertom Capom, Davidom Seymourom, Williamom Vandivertom i Georgom Rodgerom utemeljio Magnum Photos. Prema Capinoj ideji Magnum je zajednička fotografska agencija u vlasništvu vlastitih članova. Tim fotografa je međusobno podijelio zadatke: Rodger, koji je napustio časopis Life u Londonu nakon izvještavanja o Drugom svjetskom ratu, izvještavao je iz Afrike i Srednjeg istoka. Chim, koji je govorio nekoliko europskih jezika, radio je u Europi. Cartier-Bresson je radio u Indiji i Kini. Vandivert, koji je također napustio Life, radio je u Americi, a Capa je prihvaćao sve ostale zadatke. Maria Eisner je vodila pariški ured, a Rita Vandivert, Vandivertova supruga, njujorški ured, te je postala prva predsjednica Magnuma.

Cartier-Bresson je dobio međunarodno priznanje za reportažu Gandhijeve sahrane u Indiji 1948. i zadnje faze Kineskog građanskog rata 1949. Izvještavao je o zadnjih šest mjeseci Kuomintangove vlade i prvih 6 mjeseci Mao Ce-tungove Narodne Republike Kine. Također je fotografirao zadnje carske eunuhe u Pekingu, koji je pao u ruke komunistima. U Šangaju je često radio u društvu fotoreportera Sama Tate, s kojim se ranije sprijateljio u Mumbaiju. Iz Kine je otputovao u Nizozemsku istočnu Indiju, gdje je dokumentirao stjecanje neovisnosti od Nizozemske. Godine 1950. Cartier-Bresson je otputovao u Južnu Indiju. Posjetio je Tiruvannamalai, grad u indijskoj saveznoj državi Tamil Nadu i fotografirao posljednje trenutke đivanmukte Ramana Maharishija, ašram Sri Ramana i njegovu okolicu. Nekoliko dana kasnije je također posjetio i fotografirao indijskog filozofa Sri Aurobinda, "Majku" Mirru Alfassu, i ašram Sri Aubindo, u Pondicherryju.

Magnumov zadatak je bio "opipati puls" svoga vremena, te su među prvim projektima bili People Live Everywhere, Youth of the World, Women of the World i The Child Generation. Magnum je težio tome da koristi fotografiju u službi čovječanstva, te je stvarao zanimljive fotografije koje su gledali u cijelom svijetu.

Odlučujući trenutak
Godine 1952. Cartier-Bresson je objavio knjigu Images à la sauvette, u prijevodu na engleski jezik - The Decisive Moment. U njoj se nalazi portfolio od 126 njegovih fotografija s Istoka i Zapada. Naslovnicu knjige je nacrtao Henri Matisse. Kao glavnu misao za svoj uvod od 4.500 riječi Cartier-Bresson je preuzeo rečenicu kardinala de Retza iz 17. stoljeća: "Nema ničega na svijetu što nema odlučujući trenutak.". Cartier-Bresson je ovu misao primijenio na svoj fotografski stil: "Za mene je fotografija simultano prepoznavanje, u djeliću sekunde, važnosti događaja kao i precizne organizacije oblika koja daje tom događaju odgovarajući izražaj."

Oba naslova dolaze od Tériadea, francuskog izdavača grčkog podrijetla, kome se Cartier-Bresson divio. On je dao knjizi francuski naslov, Images à la Sauvette, u slobodnom prijevodu "slike u bijegu" ili "ukradene slike". Dick Simon iz kuće Simon & Schuster je smislio naslov na engleskom jeziku, The Decisive Moment. Margot Shore, šefica pariškog ureda Magnuma, prevela je Cartier-Bressonov predgovor s francuskog na engleski jezik.

"Fotografija nije poput slikanja.", rekao je Cartier-Bresson novinama The Washington Post 1957. "Postoji kreativni djelić sekunde dok fotografirate. Vaše oko mora vidjeti kompoziciju ili izraz koji vam sam život nudi, i morate intuitivno znati kad treba pritisnuti gumb. To je trenutak kad je fotograf kreativan.", izjavio je. "Oop! Trenutak! Jednom kad ga propustiš, zauvijek je nestao."

Cartier-Bresson je održao svoju prvu izložbu u Francuskoj u paviljonu Marsan u Louvreu 1955.

Kasnija karijera
Cartier-Bressona je fotografija odvela na mnoga mjesta, poput Kine, Meksika, Kanade, Sjedinjenih Država, Indije, Japana i Sovjetskog Saveza. Postao je prvi zapadni fotograf koji je "slobodno" fotografirao u poslijeratnom Sovjetskom Savezu.

Godine 1962. otputovao je u ime Voguea na Sardiniju na 20-ak dana. Tamo je posjetio Nuoro, Olienu, Orgosolo, Mamoiadu, Desulo, Orosei, Cala Gonone, Orani (gdje ga je ugostio prijatelj i kipar Costantino Nivola), San Leonardo di Siete Fuentes i Cagliari.

Cartier-Bresson se povukao s mjesta predsjednika Magnuma (koji je još uvijek distribuirao njegove fotografije) 1966., da se koncentrira na snimanje portreta i krajolika.

Godine 1967. razveo se nakon 30 godina braka od svoje prve žene, Ratne "Elie". Godine 1968. počeo se udaljavati od fotografije te se vratio crtanju i slikanju. Priznao je da je možda rekao sve što može kroz fotografiju. Godine 1970. oženio se Magnumovom fotografkinjom Martine Franck, mlađoj 30 godina od njega. Par je dobio kćer Mélanie u svibnju 1972.

Cartier-Bresson se povukao iz fotografije ranih 1970-ih, a do 1975. samo bi povremeno napravio privatni portret; rekao je da čuva svoju kameru u sefu kod kuće i da je rijetko vadi van. Vratio se crtanju i slikanju. Napravio je prvu izložbu crteža u galeriji Carlton u New Yorku 1975.

Smrt i naslijeđe
Cartier-Bresson je preminuo u mjestu Céreste (departman Alpes-de-Haute-Provence), 3. kolovoza 2004., u dobi od 95 godina. Nije objavljen uzrok smrti. Pokopan je na mjesnom groblju nedaleko od Montjustina. Za sobom je ostavio suprugu, Martine Franck, i kćer Mélanie.

Cartier-Bresson je proveo više od tri desetljeća na zadacima za Life i druge časopise. Putovao je bez obveza, dokumentirajući neke od najvećih promjena u 20. stoljeću: Španjolski građanski rat, oslobođenje Pariza 1944., nemire u Parizu 1968., pad Kuomintanga u ruke komunista, atentat na Gandhija, pad Berlinskog zida. Uz to je snimao portrete Camusja, Picassa, Sidonie Gabrielle Colette, Matissea, Pounda i Giacomettija. No mnoge od njegovih najpoznatijih fotografija, poput Iza postaje St. Lazare prikazuju naizgled nevažne trenutke svakodnevnog života.

Cartier-Bresson se nije volio fotografirati i čuvao je svoju privatnost. Fotografije samog Cartier-Bressona su rijetke. Dok je primao počasnu diplomu sveučilišta u Oxfordu 1975., držao je papir ispred lica da izbjegne fotografiranje. U intervjuu s Charliejem Roseom 2000. Cartier-Bresson je izjavio da nije nužno mrzio da se fotografira, već da mu je bilo neugodno da ga se fotografira zato što je slavan.

Godine 2003. utemeljio je zakladu Henri Cartier-Bresson sa svojom ženom i kćeri da očuva i dijeli svoju baštinu.

Film istine (Cinéma vérité)
Cartier-Bressonove fotografije su također utjecale na razvoj tzv. filma istine (cinéma vérité). Osobito je zaslužan za inspiraciju za rani rad Nacionalnog filmskog odbora Kanade u ovom žanru sa serijom dokumentaraca Candid Eye iz 1958.

Tehnika
Cartier-Bresson je skoro uvijek koristio kameru Leica s daljinomjerom od 35 mm i s normalnim lećama od 50 mm, a povremeno i široke leće za krajolike. Često bi omotao crnu traku oko dijelova od kroma na kućištu kamere da bude manje uočljiva. S brzim crno-bijelim filmom i oštrim lećama mogao je nezamijećen snimati događaje. Više nije bio ograničen kamerama velikog formata ili dvookim zrcalnim fotoaparatima srednjeg formata, i kamere malog formata dale su mu nešto što je Cartier-Bresson nazivao "baršunasta ruka... oko sokolovo".

Nikada nije fotografirao bljeskalicom; tu praksu je nazivao "nepristojnom. kao da dođete na koncert s pištoljem u ruci".

Vjerovao je u komponiranje fotografija u tražilu, a ne u tamnoj komori. Demonstrirao je to time da je skoro sve svoje fotografije otisnuo u punom formatu, bez obrezivanja ili ostalih manipulacija u tamnoj komori. Inzistirao je na tome da njegove fotografije nisu obrezane zato što imaju prvih nekoliko milimetara neeksponiranog negativa oko slike, što rezultira crnim okvirom oko razvijene slike.

Cartier-Bresson je više cijenio crno-bijeli film, i rijetko je fotografirao u boji. Nije volio razvijati filmove ili izrađivati vlastite fotografije, te je bio nezainteresiran za proces nastanka fotografije općenito, uspoređujući fotografiju s malom kamerom kao "trenutni crtež". Tehnički aspekti fotografije su za njega bili valjani samo kad su mu dopuštali da izrazi ono što vidi:

Stalna nova otkrića u kemiji i optici značajno proširuju naše područje djelovanja. Na nama je da ih primjenjujemo u našoj tehnici, da poboljšamo sebe, ali postoji cijela grupa fetiša koja se razvila iz subjekta tehnike. Tehnika je važna samo ako morate ovladati njome da bi izrazili ono što vidite... Kamera je za nas alat, a ne zgodna mehanička igračka. U preciznom funkcioniranju mehaničkog objekta možda postoji nesvjesna kompenzacija za anksioznosti i nesigurnosti svakodnevne borbe. Kako bilo, ljudi razmišljaju previše o tehnikama i nedovoljno o promatranju.

Započeo je tradiciju testiranje novih leća fotografiranjem pataka u gradskim parkovima. Nikad nije objavio te fotografije, a nazivao ih je "moje jedino praznovjerje", jer ih je smatrao "krštenjem" leća.

Cartier-Bresson nije volio publicitet i bio je strašno sramežljiv još od dana kada se skrivao od nacista tijekom Drugog svjetskog rata. Iako je snimio mnogo poznatih portreta, njegovo lice je malo poznato svijetu. To mu je vjerojatno omogućilo da neometano radi na ulici. Negirao je da se termin "umjetnost" odnosi na njegove fotografije. Umjesto toga je smatrao da su one samo instinktivne reakcije na situacije na koje je nailazio.

U fotografiji i najmanja stvar može biti veliki subjekt. Mali ljudski motiv može postati lajtmotiv.

Izložbe
 1933. Cercle Atheneo, Madrid
 1933. galerija Julien Levy, New York
 1934. Palača lijepe umjetnosti, Meksiko (s M.A. Bravom)
 1947. MoMA, New York, Martin-Gropius-Bau, Berlin, Njemačka; Muzej moderne umjetnosti, Rim, Italija; galerija Dean, Edinburgh; MoMA, New York, Nacionalni muzej lijepih umjetnosti, Santiago, Čile
 1952. Institut suvremene umjetnosti (ICA), London
 1955. retrospektivna izložba, Musée des Arts décoratifs, Pariz
 1956. Photokina, Köln, Njemačka
 1963. Photokina, Köln, Njemačka
 1964. The Phillips Collection, Washington
 1965. – 1967. druga retrospektivna izložba, Tokio, Musée des Arts Décoratifs, Pariz, New York, London, Amsterdam, Rim, Zürich, Köln i drugi gradovi
 1970. En France - Grand Palais, Pariz, kasnije u SAD-u, SSSR-u, Australiji i Japanu
 1971. festival Rencontres d'Arles, filmovi prikazani u Théatre Antique.
 1972. festival Rencontres d'Arles, "Flagrant Délit " (produkcija Delpire) prikazan u Théatre Antique.
 1974. izložba o SSSR-u, Internacionalni centar fotografije, New York
 1974. – 1997. galerija Claude Bernard, Pariz
 1975. galerija Carlton, New York
 1975. galerija Bischofberger, Zürich, Švicarska
 1980. Portreti, galerija Eric Franck, Ženeva, Švicarska
 1981. Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris, Francuska
 1982. Hommage à Henri Cartier-Bresson, Centre National de la Photographie, Palais de Tokyo, Pariz
 1983. Printemps Ginza, Tokio
 1984. Osaka University of Arts, Japan
 1984. – 1985. Paris à vue d'œil - Musée Carnavalet, Pariz
 1985. Henri Cartier-Bresson en Inde - Centre National de la Photographie, Palais de Tokyo, Pariz
 1985. Museo de Arte Moderno de México, Meksiko
 1986. L'Institut Français de Stockholm
 1986. Pavillon d'Arte contemporanea, Milano, Italija
 1986. Tor Vergata University, Rim, Italija
 1987. Museum of Modern Art, Oxford, Velika Britanija (crteži i fotografije)
 1987. Rane fotografije, MoMA, New York
 1988. Institut Français, Atena, Grčka
 1988. Palais Lichtenstein, Beč, Austrija
 1988. Salzburger Landessammlung, Austrija
 1988. Grupna izložba: "Magnum en Chine", festival Rencontres d'Arles, Francuska
 1989. Chapelle de l'École des Beaux-Arts, Pariz
 1989. Fondation Pierre Gianadda, Martigny, Švicarska (crteži i fotografije)
 1989. Mannheimer Kunstverein, Mannheim, Njemačka (crteži i fotografije)
 1989. Printemps Ginza, Tokio, Japan
 1990. galerija Arnold Herstand, New York
 1991. Taipei Fine Arts Museum, Tajvan (crteži i fotografije)
 1992. Centro de Exposiciones, Saragossa i Logroño, Španjolska
 1992. Hommage à Henri Cartier-Bresson, Međunarodni centar fotografije, New York
 1992. L'Amérique – FNAC, Pariz
 1992. Musée de Noyers-sur-Serein, Francuska
 1992. Palazzo San Vitale, Parma, Italija
 1993. Photo Dessin - Dessin Photo, Arles, Francuska
 1994. "Henri Cartier-Bresson, point d'interrogation" Sare Moon, prikazan na festivalu Rencontres d'Arles, Francuska.
 1994. Dessins et premières photos, La Caridad, Barcelona, Španjolska
 1995. Dessins et Hommage à Henri Cartier-Bresson - CRAC (Centre Régional d'Art Contemporain) Valence, Drome, Francuska
 1996. Henri Cartier-Bresson: Pen, Brush and Camera, The Minneapolis Institute of Arts, SAD
 1997. Les Européens, Maison Européenne de la Photographie, Pariz
 1997. Henri Cartier-Bresson, Musée des Beaux-Arts, Montreal
 1998. galerija Beyeler, Basel, Švicarska
 1998. galerija Löhrl, Mönchengladbach, Njemačka
 1998. galerija Howard Greenberggh, New York
 1998. Kunsthaus Zürich, Zürich, Švicarska
 1998. Kunstverein für die Rheinlande und Westfalen, Düsseldorf, Njemačka
 1998. Line by Line, Royal College of Art, London
 1998. Tête à Tête, National Portrait Gallery, London
 1998. – 1999. Photographien und Zeichnungen - Baukunst Galerie, Köln, Njemačka
 2003. – 2005. Rétrospective, Bibliothèque Nationale, Pariz; La Caixa, Barcelona; Martin Gropius Bau, Berlin; Museum of Modern Art, Rim; galerija Dean, Edinburgh; MoMA, New York; Nacionalni muzej lijepih umjetnosti, Santiago, Čile
 2004. galerija Baukunst, Köln
 2004. Martin-Gropius-Bau, Berlin
 2004. muzej Ludwig, Köln
 2008. Henri Cartier-Bresson's Scrapbook Photographs 1932-46, National Media Museum, Bradford, Velika Britanija
 2008. National Gallery of Modern Art, Mumbai, Indija
 2008. Santa Catalina Castle, Cadiz, Španjolska
 2009. Musée de l'Art Moderne, Pariz
 2010. MoMA, New York
 2010. The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago
 2011. Museum of Design Zürich
 2011. High Museum of Art, Atlanta
 2011. Maison de la Photo, Toulon, Francuska
 2011. Kunstmuseum Wolfsburg, Njemačka
 2011. Queensland Art Gallery, Brisbane, Australija
 2011. – 2012. KunstHausWien, Beč, Austria
 2014. Centar Georges Pompidou, Pariz.
 2015. Palača lijepe umjetnosti, Ciudad de México
 2015. Ateneum, Helsinki
 2017. galerija Leica, San Francisco
 2017. Museo Botero/Banco de la Republica, Bogota, Kolumbija

Kolekcije
Djela Cartier-Bressona nalaze se u sljedećim javnim kolekcijama:
 Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Pariz, Francuska
 De Menil Collection, Houston, Teksas, SAD
 University of Fine Arts, Osaka, Japan
 Victoria and Albert Museum, London, Velika Britanija
 Maison Européenne de la Photographie, Pariz, Francuska
 Musée Carnavalet, Pariz, Francuska
 MoMA, New York City
 The Art Institute of Chicago, Illinois, SAD
 J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles
 Institut za suvremenu fotografiju, New York City
 The Philadelphia Art Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, SAD
 The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, SAD
 Kahitsukan Kyoto Museum of Contemporary Art, Kyoto, Japan
 Museum of Modern Art, Tel Aviv, Izrael
 Moderna Museet, Stockholm, Švedska

Odabrane nagrade
 1949.: Overseas Press Club of America
 1953.: The A.S.M.P.
 1955.: Overseas Press Club of America
 1959.: The Prix de la Société française de photographie
 1959.: Overseas Press Club of America
 1963.: Overseas Press Club of America
 1967.: nagrada Kultura Njemačkog društva za fotografiju (DGPh), zajedno s Edwinom H. Landom
 1981.: Grand Prix National de la Photographie
 1982.: nagrada Hasselblad
 2006.: nagrada Nadar za knjigu Henri Cartier-Bresson: Scrapbook

Poznate osobe koje je fotografirao Cartier-Bresson

 Avigdor Arikha
 Balthus
 Simone de Beauvoir
 Samuel Beckett
 Leonard Bernstein
 André Breton
 Alexander Calder
 Albert Camus
 Truman Capote
 Coco Chanel
 Colette
 Marcel Duchamp
 Paul Éluard
 William Faulkner
 Martine Franck

 Mahatma Gandhi
 Jean Genet
 Alberto Giacometti
 Julie Harris
 Langston Hughes
 Isabelle Huppert
 John Huston
 Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio
 Martin Luther King, Jr.
 Henri Matisse
 François Mauriac
 Carson McCullers
 Arthur Miller
 Marilyn Monroe

 Pablo Neruda
 Richard Nixon
 Robert Oppenheimer
 Pablo Picasso
 Katherine Anne Porter
 Ezra Pound
 Jean Renoir
 Jean-Paul Sartre
 Alfred Stieglitz
 Igor Stravinski
 Kenzo Tange
 Elsa Triolet
 Harry S. Truman
 Malcolm X

Djela

Bibliografija
 1947.: The Photographs of Henri Cartier-Bresson, tekst Lincoln Kirstein, New York, MoMA.
 1952.: The Decisive Moment, tekst i fotografije Cartier-Bresson, naslovnica Henri Matisse, New York.
2014.: Göttingen: Steidl. , pretisak, s esejom Clémenta Chérouxa "A Bible for Photographers".
 1954.: Les Danses à Bali, tekst Antonin Artaud i komentari Béryla de Zoetea, Pariz.
 1955.: The Europeans, tekst i fotografije Cartier-Bresson, naslovnica Joan Miró. New York.
 1955.: People of Moscow, London.
 1956.: China in Transition, London.
 1958.: Henri Cartier-Bresson: Fotografie, Prag i Bratislava, tekst Anna Fárová.
 1963.: Photographs by Henri Cartier-Bresson, New York.
 1964.: China. Photographs and notes on fifteen months spent in China, tekst Barbara Miller, New York.
 1966.: Henri Cartier-Bresson and the Artless Art, tekst Jean-Pierre Montier, New York.
 1968.: The World of HCB, New York.
 1969.: Man and Machine, IBM.
 1970.: France, tekst François Nourissier, London.
 1972.: The Face of Asia, uvod Robert Shaplen, New York i Tokio.
 1973.: About Russia, London.
 1976.: Henri Cartier-Bresson, tekst Cartier-Bresson, serija History of Photography.
 1979.: Henri Cartier-Bresson Photographer, tekst Yves Bonnefoy, New York.
 1983.: Henri Cartier-Bresson. Ritratti, tekst André Pieyre de Mandiargues i Ferdinando Scianna, "I Grandi Fotografi", Milan.
 1985.:
 Henri Cartier-Bresson en Inde, uvod Satyajit Ray, fotografije i bilješke Cartier-Bresson, tekst Yves Véquaud, Pariz.
 Photoportraits, tekst André Pieyre de Mandiargues, London.
 1987.:
 Henri Cartier-Bresson. The Early Work, tekst Peter Galassi, New York, MoMA.
 Henri Cartier-Bresson in India., uvod Satyajit Ray, fotografije i bilješke Cartier-Bresson, tekst Yves Véquaud, London.
 1989.:
 L'Autre Chine., uvod Robert Guillain, Pariz.
 Line by Line. Crteži Cartier-Bressona, uvod Jean Clair i John Russell, London.
 1991.:
 America in Passing. Uvod Gilles Mora, New York.
 Alberto Giacometti photographié par Henri Cartier-Bresson., tekst Cartier-Bresson i Louis Clayeux, Milan.
 1994.:
 A propos de Paris., tekst Véra Feyder i André Pieyre de Mandiargues, London.
 Double regard. Drawings and photographs., tekst Jean Leymarie, Amiens.
 Mexican Notebooks 1934. – 1964., tekst Carlos Fuentes, London.
 L'Art sans art., tekst Jean-Pierre Montier, Pariz.
 1996.: L'Imaginaire d'après nature., tekst Cartier-Bresson, Pariz.
 1997.: Europeans., tekst Jean Clair, London.
 1998.: Tête à tête., tekst Ernst H. Gombrich, London.
 1999.: The Mind's Eye., tekst Cartier-Bresson, New York.
 1999.: Henri Cartier-Bresson: A Biography., tekst Pierre Assouline, London.
 2001.: Landscape Townscape., tekst Erik Orsenna i Gérard Macé, London.
 2003.: The Man, the Image and the World, tekst Philippe Arbaizar, Jean Clair, Claude Cookman, Robert Delpire, Jean Leymarie, Jean-Noel Jeanneney i Serge Toubiana, London.
 2006.: An Inner Silence: The portraits of Henri Cartier-Bresson,, tekst Agnès Sire i Jean-Luc Nancy, New York.
 2017. "Henri Cartier-Bresson Fotógrafo", fotografije za izložbu.

Filmografija

Filmovi koje je režirao Cartier-Bresson
Cartier-Bresson je bio pomoćnik režisera Jeana Renoira u filmu La vie est à nous (1936.) i Une partie de campagne, te u La Règle du Jeu (1939.).
 1937.: Victoire de la vie, dokumentarni film o španjolskim bolnicama, trajanje 49 min, crno-bijeli film.
 1938.:  L'Espagne Vivra, dokumentarni film o Španjolskom građanskom ratu i poraću, trajanje 43 min i 32 s, crno-bijeli film.
 1938.: Avec la brigade Abraham Lincoln en Espagne, Henri Cartier-Bresson ja Herbert Kline, trajanje 21 min, crno-bijeli film.
 1944. – 1945.: Le Retour, dokumentarni film o ratu i zarobljenicima, trajanje 32 min i 37 s, crno-bijeli film.
 1969. – 1970.: Impressions of California, trajanje 23 min i 20 s, u boji.
 1969. – 1970.: Southern Exposures, trajanje 22 min i 25 s, u boji.

Filmovi sastavljeni od fotografija Cartier-Bressona
 1956.: A Travers le Monde avec Henri Cartier-Bresson, rež. Jean-Marie Drot i Henri Cartier-Bresson, trajanje 21 min, crno-bijeli film.
 1963.: Midlands at Play and at Work, prod. ABC Television, London, trajanje 19 min, crno-bijeli film.
 1963. – 1965.: pet petnaestominutnih filmova o Njemačkoj za Süddeutscher Rundfunk.
 1967.: Flagrants délits, rež. Robert Delpire, glazba Diego Masson, produkcija Delpire, Pariz, trajanje 22 min, crno-bijeli film.
 1969.: Québec vu par Cartier-Bresson, rež. Wolff Kœnig, prod. Canadian Film Board, trajanje 10 min, crno-bijeli film.
 1970.: Images de France.
 1991.: Contre l'oubli: Lettre à Mamadou Bâ, Mauritanie, kratki film, rež. Martine Franck za Amnesty International, mont. Roger Ikhlef, trajanje 3 min, crno-bijeli film.
 1992.: Henri Cartier-Bresson dessins et photos, rež. Annick Alexandre, kratki film, prod. FR3 Dijon, komentari umjetnika, trajanje 2 min i 33 s, u boji.
 1997.: Série "100 photos du siècle": L'Araignée d'amour, prod. Capa Télévision, trajanje 6 min i 15 s, u boji.

Filmovi o Cartier-Bressonu
 "Henri Cartier-Bresson, point d'interrogation", Sarah Moon, prikazan na festivalu Rencontres d'Arles 1994.
 Henri Cartier-Bresson: L'amour Tout Court, intervjui s Cartier-Bressonom, 2001.
 Henri Cartier-Bresson: The Impassioned Eye, intervjui s Cartier-Bressonom, 2006.

Bilješke

Vanjske poveznice
 Fondation HCB - zaklada Henri Cartier-Bresson
 Henri Cartier-Bresson na Magnum Photos
 Tête à Tête: Portreti Henrija Cartier-Bressona, National Portrait Gallery, Washington
 Tête à Tête: Portreti Henrija Cartier-Bressona, Washington Post
 Henri Cartier-Bresson u Metropolitanu
 Henri Cartier-Bresson u ArtCyclopedii
 Robinson, A., Henri Cartier-Bresson, The Guardian, 5. kolovoza 2004.

Francuski fotografi
Umjetnici
Fotografi Magnum Photosa

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: Preload video files from network for AVQueuePlayer/AVPlayer I have a set or URLs, each points to a mp4 video file.
I have a newsfeed-like timeline for these video files (like Instagram videos). User can scroll  up and down to browse each video. To make the video-loading faster, I'd like to preload the next few video files before the user scroll down to them. When the user actually scroll to those files, it will start playing without downloading again from network.
The files will be played in AVQueuePlayer.
Is there a way to do this? Thanks guys!

A: I don't know of a way to ask AVQueuePlayer to buffer in advance.
You can create a proxy between AVPlayer and the web.  This will allow you to keep track of what AVPlayer has loaded, so you can predictively download and cache upcoming media files, so they are ready when AVPlayer requests them.  The cleanest way is to register a custom NSURLProtocol (beware that this does not work in the iOS simulator).  You can also run a server on-device such as CocoaHTTPServer.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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performingborders | LIVE 2019 is a programme of events and new commissions curated by Alessandra Cianetti and Xavier de Sousa and focusing on the exploration of artistic practices happening within the UK Live Art sector around notions of cultural, juridical, racial, gendered, class, physical and everyday borders.
In partnership with the Live Art Development Agency (LADA), we are inviting international proposals for digital conversations by Live Art curators, artists, art professionals, researchers, and thinkers that are interested in adding new perspectives on the relations between notions and lived experiences of borders within Live Art practices and are also willing to explore the potentialities of digital conversations as a way to re-imagine and share knowledge-production within the Live Art sector.
The two selected proposals will be developed by the applicants in full digital conversations and published on both the performingborders platform (performingborders.live) and the Live Art Development Agency website (thisisliveart.co.uk) as contributions to the ongoing discussions around borders and Live Art and as free-to-access resources for artists, art professionals, academics, students, and general public interested in researching the topic.
Everyone whose practice and research has been shaped by experiences of migration and borders is eligible and welcome to apply. Open internationally.
The applications will be assessed by the curators Alessandra Cianetti and Xavier de Sousa with Live Art Development Agency's Director Lois Keidan.
Successful applicants will be notified by Monday 11th March 2019.


how can get this list by code based on domain mapping plugin?
I am tagging an available developer from second level support line in this thread for his valuable opinion on this question.
I wrote a quick function for you to get the URL of mapped domain. Please add below code in functions.php file of your child theme theme or use mu-plugins (recommended).
This function will return the mapped URL of subsite or the original subdomain link if its not mapped.
You can use this function in your theme/plugin where you want to display the URL like below. Blog id is required. Call it in the loop after getting the list of sites using wp_get_sites();, it returned $blog_id in object.


Adults only are permitted as Permanent Residents. Adults and children under 18 are welcome as visitors up to 30 days per year. Tenants are responsible for the actions of their guests. When not in residence, only immediate family is allowed to stay in unit for not more than 30 days.
Sorry, no sub-leasing of trailers or mobile homes. All guests must be registered at the office.
Rent includes Water, Sewer, Lawn mowing (when not in residence). Garbage collection (FOR MOBILE HOMES ONLY) on Monday and Thursday. Trash and garbage must be placed at street prior to 9AM on the days of pick up. (NOT THE NIGHT BEFORE). Also, garbage shall be wrapped in plastic liners and tied. Trash shall be tied or boxed. Tuesdays and Thursdays will be VEGETATION pick up days. Please make an effort to consolidate with your neighbors in order to expedite this process.
Periwinkle Park a<st1<st1grees to act as agent for resales within the Park for a fee to be determined at the time of listing if desired. Only one FOR SALE sign not to exceed 10″xl5″ will be permitted to be displayed in a window. NO UNIT WILL BE SOLD ON PARK PREMISES WITHOUT PRIOR APPROVAL OF PARK MANAGEMENT.
Cars must be parked in Carport when not in residence. There will be no parking on lawns or vacant lots. Street parking may not exceed fifteen (15) minutes. Travel trailers and boats may be parked in carport ordriveway for a maximum of three (3) days, to load or unload. Boats may be stored in carports only when on vacation.
All loose articles must be properly stored inside unit while not in residence.
Prior to planting trees or shrubs, please consult Park Management regarding the location of underground utilities. Residents are encouraged not to overplant, and allow a six-foot (6′) clearance between plantings etc., to facilitate mowing. Hand watering is permitted during periods of drought only. Automatic sprinklers and/or soaker hoses are prohibited at all times. No washing of automobiles in Park or anything that will require extra water from the Park.
No construction, addition or improvements may be made without prior approval of management. Plans must meet both State and County Building <st1Codes, and a Permit must be obtained.
NO DOGS ALLOWED ON THE PARK PREMISES AT ANY TIME.
SPEED LIMIT WITHIN THE PARK IS 7 1/2 MILES PER HOUR AND IS STRICTLY ENFORCED. Quiet hours are from 10:OOPM to 7:OOAM.
Please contact David Muench between the hours of 9:OOAM and 4:OOPM daily with any problems or complaints. Emergencies will be handled on a 24-hour basis.
THE OWNERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT OF PERIWINKLE PARK<st1RESPONSIBILITY OR LIABILITY RESULTING FROM LOSS BY FIRE, THEFT, ACCIDENT OR ANY OTHER CAUSE WHATSOEVER.


text:
Enter Keyphrase
Exeter Time Trail
The hoard of pewter spoons from City Mills
Back to Time Period
A group of 17 pewter spoons was discovered during engineering works at City Mills in 1925. They range in date from c. 1500 to c.1650-75. The hoard offers a rare insight into the sort of pewter to be seen in Exeter homes. Such material rarely survives because domestic pewter was usually melted down when worn or unfashionable. A selection of five of these spoons is shown here. On the extreme left is the 'Apostle' spoon, and beside it a 'Maidenhead' spoon. Each is described individually below. The others are 'slip-top' spoons, i.e. with plain handles. They show a variety of maker's stamps and initials, punched onto the bowls of each spoon.
Publication: Homer, R. 1991 'A Seventeenth-Century Hoard of Pewter Spoons from Exeter', 'Proceedings of the Devon Archaeological Society' (49), pp 149-52.
Acknowledgments: RAM Museum
My Object Scrapbook
Your Scrapbook Is currently empty
© 2020 Royal Albert Memorial Museum & Art Gallery, Exeter City Council

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Gilchrist County is a county located in the north central part of the U.S. state of Florida. Organized in 1925 from the western part of Alachua, it is the last county to be formed in the state. As of the 2020 census, the population was 17,864. The county seat is Trenton.

Gilchrist County is included in the Gainesville, FL Metropolitan Statistical Area.

History
Gilchrist County was created in 1925, the last county organized in Florida. It was named for Albert W. Gilchrist, Governor of Florida from 1909 to 1913. It was formed by residents of what was then western Alachua County, as they believed they were not getting adequate representation on the county commission. With the poor roads of the time, they felt it took too long to get to the county seat of Gainesville. They disagreed about a proposed law that would require fencing in cattle in the rural area. They also believed that they would be better off by getting their own share of racetrack revenues, which the state distributed by county.

Much of the county was farmland and timberland when formed, and it is largely rural. Several natural springs are adjacent to the Santa Fe River, including Ginnie Springs, Hart Springs, and Gilchrist Blue Springs, the last of which became a Florida state park in 2017.

Historic buildings
Historic buildings in Gilchrist County include:
 First Baptist Church, on East Wade Street
 Gilchrist County Courthouse
 Trenton Depot
 Jennings Lake Seventh-Day Adventist Church
 The old Trenton Church of Christ on South Main Street.
 Gilchrist County Jail, built in 1926, operated from 1928 to 1968.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which  is land and  (1.6%) is water. It is the fifth-smallest county in Florida by land area and fourth-smallest by total area.

Adjacent counties
 Columbia County, Florida – northeast
 Alachua County, Florida – east
 Levy County, Florida – south
 Dixie County, Florida – southwest
 Suwannee County, Florida – northwest
 Lafayette County, Florida – northwest

Demographics

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 17,864 people, 6,701 households, and 4,463 families residing in the county.

As of the census of 2000, there were 14,437 people, 5,021 households, and 3,715 families residing in the county.  The population density was .  There were 5,906 housing units at an average density of 17 per square mile (7/km2).  The racial makeup of the county was 90.52% White, 7.00% Black or African American, 0.37% Native American, 0.17% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.69% from other races, and 1.26% from two or more races.  2.80% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.  In terms of ancestry, 16.9% were English, 13.9% were Irish, 13.7% were American, and 11.4% were German.

There were 5,021 households, out of which 32.90% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.00% were married couples living together, 11.20% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.00% were non-families. 21.10% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.70% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.  The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.01.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 24.40% under the age of 18, 14.20% from 18 to 24, 24.80% from 25 to 44, 22.90% from 45 to 64, and 13.60% who were 65 years of age or older.  The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 112.50 males.  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 115.10 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $30,328, and the median income for a family was $34,485. Males had a median income of $27,359 versus $21,946 for females. The per capita income for the county was $13,985.  About 10.90% of families and 14.10% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.60% of those under age 18 and 12.90% of those age 65 or over.

Economy
The Trenton State Farmer's Market is located on State Road 47, north of Trenton.

Politics

Voter registration
According to the Secretary of State's office, Republicans maintain a majority of registered voters in Gilchrist County.

Statewide elections

Library
The Gilchrist County Public library is part of the Three Rivers Regional Library System, which also serves Dixie, Lafayette, and Taylor counties.

Communities

Cities
 Fanning Springs (shared with Levy County)
 Trenton

Town
 Bell

Census-designated places
 Spring Ridge

Other unincorporated communities
 Wilcox
 Wilcox Junction

Notable people
Easton Corbin, country music singer

Dallas Creamer, youtuber and podcaster

See also
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Gilchrist County, Florida

Notes

References

External links

Government links/Constitutional offices
 Gilchrist County Board of County Commissioners
 Gilchrist County Supervisor of Elections
 Gilchrist County Property Appraiser
 Gilchrist County Sheriff's Office
 Gilchrist County Tax Collector

Special districts
 Gilchrist County Public Schools
 Suwannee River Water Management District [Dead link 26 August 2016]

Judicial branch
 Gilchrist County Clerk of Courts
 Office of the State Attorney, 8th Judicial Circuit of Florida  serving Alachua, Baker, Bradford, Gilchrist, Levy and Union Counties
 Circuit and County Court for the 8th Judicial Circuit of Florida

Museum and Library Resources

 The Gilchrist County Journal, the local newspaper for Gilchrist County, Florida fully and openly available in the Florida Digital Newspaper Library

Florida counties
1925 establishments in Florida
Gainesville metropolitan area, Florida
North Florida
Populated places established in 1925


text:
Provides directives and services to easily incorporate C3.js
charts in your AngularJS project

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
NASA makes strides towards quiet supersonic flight
Jun 30 2017 by Ian Unsworth
NASA has moved towards its goal of making a quiet supersonic passenger jet by finishing the prelimanary design review of the QueSST aircraft design. The QueSST could make supersonic travel over land a real possibility, reducing travel times between major cities and unlocking sizeable economic opportunities.
The agency and its partner, Lockheed Martin, have determined that the design of the so-called X-Plane is capable of fulfilling the objectives of the mission - namely to fly at supersonic speed whilst avoiding generating the noise pollution that comes from a sonic boom. The craft should instead produce only a soft "thump".
David Richwine, manager for the preliminary design effort under NASA's Commercial Supersonic Technology Project, said "managing a project like this is all about moving from one milestone to the next. Our strong partnership with Lockheed Martin helped get us to this point. We're now one step closer to building an actual X-plane."
The decision comes after Lockheed Martin and NASA's wind tunnel tests on a scale model of of the full craft. Clocking in at only 8ft by 6ft, the model and subsequent performance of the design will allow the agency to request bids for a piloted, single-engine X-Plane. Flight tests on a full version could begin as soon as 2021.
Is Black Nano Gold the answer to Climate Change?
6 months ago Francis Cook
How Hiring has Changed
6 months ago Alex Joy
Ransomware are attacks on the Rise – what can be done?
7 months ago Fraser Dawson
Air Efficiency Concepts
7 months ago Lauren Byrne


On Friday night one of the biggest attractions in women's boxing, former Gold Medalist and current IBF/WBC Super Middleweight women's World Champion Claressa Shields will be defending her titles against Tory Nelson.
This bout will be the main event of ShoBox: The New Generation airing on Showtime live from the Turning Stone Resort Casino in Verona, New York.
Super bantamweight Angel Hernandez and Super Lightweight Shohjahon Ergashev are expected to compete on the undercard.
The following is a preview of the Hernandez vs. Garza fight and the main event between Claressa Shields and Tori Nelson.
ShoBox has a long history of putting on "crossroad" fights between two young and upcoming prospects. A win for a boxer will usually catapult him to bigger and better opportunities. A loss for a boxer will usually derail any hopes of him obtaining a future world title fight.
The fight between Hernandez and Garza is a perfect example of that.
Hernandez is twenty seven years old and is two years younger than Garza. He will have about a three and a half inch height advantage and about a two and a half inch reach advantage.
Dmitriy Salita is the promoter of Hernandez and he's been very active the past two years. He fought three times in 2017 and twice in 2016. Garza has also been active, but not as active as Hernandez. He fought three times in 2017 and once in 2016.
Hernandez has seven stoppage victories in comparison to the five stoppage victories of Garza. Hernandez debuted in 2009 but had a five year gap in between his second and third professional fight.
Hernandez has two big wins on his resume. He defeated Glenn Dezurn and Vladimir Tikhobnov. They were both undefeated at the time.
Garza's only notable win was against Edward Kakembo. His two losses were to undefeated boxers, Jon Fernandez and Neslan Machado.
ShoBox fights are usually hard to pick a favorite due to the series' history of putting on competitive fights between up and coming prospects that have yet to be tested. However, the physical advantages for Hernandez appear to be too great for Garza to overcome.
Claressa Shields is one of Women's Boxing Biggest stars. Her upside is so high that she's headlining Friday's ShoBox card and became a world title holder in only her third professional fight.
She's a two time Olympic Gold Medalist and won it in 2012 and 2016.
Her opponent, Tori Nelson does not have the amateur pedigree of Shields but women's amateur boxing did not exist in the Summer Olympics prior to 2012.
Shields is still incredibly young at the age of twenty two. Nelson is nearly twice her age and is forty one years old.
Shields has only fought four times as a professional but already has 2 TKO/KO wins. Nelson has twenty professional fights but only has 2 wins by stoppage. Shields has the clear advantage in power.
Shields was thrown to the fire almost immediately upon turning pro. She defeated Nikki Adler in only her third professional fight and was able to win both the IBF and WBC titles. She has also been active, and has fought three times in 2017 and once in 2016.
Even though Shields fought three times in 2017, she feels like she took some "time off" after he last match, in an era where many champions only fight once to twice a year.
Nelson only fought once in 2017 and once in 2016. Her biggest victory to date was a TKO over Mia St. John, but Mia St. John was 46 years old at the time of that defeat.
Shields appears to be aware of the experience that Nelson possess and has been training hard for this fight. "This training camp I did eight weeks instead of six. A lot of camp has been extremely hard. But I'm so focused and determined on 2018 and starting great and staying busy. I expect my opponent to apply pressure, and to use some dirty tactics. She has more experience, but not that much when you speak of her amateur experience".
Unfortunately for Shields, women's boxing is not deep with talent, especially at the higher weights where she competes. This should be an easier win for Shields, especially considering the advance age of Nelson and Nelson's lack of amateur experience.
But some big fights await Shields if she's able to emerge victorious. Christina Hammer is a big name in the 160lb division in Women's boxing and she may be next on Shields agenda. Chris Cyborg of the UFC has also been talked about as a possible future opponent.


TransCaspian 2016, the 15th Anniversary International Transport, Transit and Logistics Exhibition, will take place from 11 - 13 May at Baku Expo Centre. This year, the exhibition is marking its 15thanniversary. Over the years, the exhibition has established itself as the most important transport forum in the region, enabling innovative technologies and equipment for the transport industry to be presented, new representational offices to be opened, and new joint ventures to be created. The exhibition is considered by the industry as the year's main event providing a true picture of the state of the transport market. Over 15 years, around 700 companies have exhibited at TransCaspian.
This year, the exhibition will present achievements in the transport industry and the best technologies and equipment from Azerbaijani and international companies. Sectors at the anniversary exhibition will include Rolling stock and rail infrastructure, Marine industry, Aviation, Commercial vehicles, and Transport and logistics services. A number of commercial companies and state transport bodies usually take part in the exhibition such as Azerbaijan Railways, Azerbaijan Caspian Shipping Company, and the State Maritime Administration (Azerbaijan).
15th Anniversary International Transport, Transit and Logistics Exhibition TransCaspian 2016 will take place alongside Road&Traffic 2016, the Caspian International Road Infrastructure and Public Transport Exhibition and CIBS 2016, the 3rd Caspian International Boat and Yacht Show.


Reflection Math Worksheets – Undoubtedly, no designer composes code which never obtains discarded. If you don't, after that the designer is most likely to make their greatest presume regarding what each sort of material requires to be. It's not software program, it's a language software can be created for.
Formerly, I stated that receptive website design isn't a solitary bit of modern technology, however instead, a collection of strategies as well as suggestions. Therefore, if you're not mobile-friendly, you are going to appear lower on google search advantages. Check out the problem with online search engine and also you'll observe this spreadsheet isn't regarding a high online search engine setting yet the good presentation.
Effective projects start with a project short. My objective in creating the Canvas was intended to make it less complex for you to introduce. Doing all of the client job themselves.
If you market your site URL on the radio or within a podcast, for example, people won't keep in mind complicated page names. After overcoming the whole network based on web links, it is going to quit to bind a range of records together. Many thanks for seizing the day to look at my blog!
You might make an initiative to request approval from the rightsholder. It's essential information as well as can not be ignored. Consider what information would certainly be called for if you brought in new people to keep the website, individuals that were not in any way knowledgeable about it.
If your brand name really contains the essential search phrases you're targeting, check out placing that expression at the start of the title. You do not always need a lot of pictures, simply superb ones. Today, I am proud to supply you with TPK's extremely initial complimentary brush pen worksheet set, which you might download and install by mosting likely to this LINK.
Davis was the really first individual to find throughout products that led to the discovery of Tutankhamun's burial place. Modifying can have a lengthy time, specifically if you are brand-new to it.
When creating workplace Transport In Plant kingdoms Worksheet templates It appears that you need to satisfy a substantial variety of attaching circumstances to allow it to be basic for your own staff members to stay on-brand as well as even legally certified. These Pattern Worksheets feature a string of patterns of fundamental shapes that need to be finished. Vertex42's free Residence Spending plan Worksheet gives fairly a easy remedy for developing a annual spending plan.
Some systems expand this phrase structure to permit cell recommendations to one-of-a-kind workbooks. Please allow me to recognize whether you have any discuss the worksheets or would certainly love to recommend a adjustment. Develop special worksheets to develop various sights on the specific same or unique data.
Assessment through PBL obtains less concerning thinking of the last product they'll produce and a lot more concerning the learning through the treatment. After you have a design template you choose, just stick to the action in the WebQuest Design Process. Technically, creating a WebQuest can be fairly very easy.
This calendar year, and for the future, I desire conserve my revenues for a house restoration. If your preceding work included clinical, retirement, or other included advantages, you are mosting likely to need a approach to obtain the equal items in position. Otherwise, you could require to dedicate a little more time on it.
My primary remorse in business isn't working with a person as soon as I started making some money. Chain restaurants and also food companies are spending billions to come to be prior to my eyeballs and get me to acquire their food. It's straightforward to cast blame as soon as the end product isn't something that everyone's proud of.
Because you have the capability to observe, a couple of points that are feasible to move in addition to lots of others are only some of the lifetime. It doesn't need to be concrete or define a certain future state the way a excellent item vision does. The point is to bring your stakeholders together in 1 location to speak about your item's most recent customer journey, create a shared understanding as well as analyze whether there are any crucial individual discomfort factors.
The variety of participants does not necessarily bear upon the quality of the result. Numerous instructional publishers spend a great amount of time and also money into producing high outstanding training materials for schools. Trainees should recognize functions that will certainly stay clear of particular areas as well as will certainly go through various locations on the graph paper.
As long since you can produce a record with hyperlinks, you can make a WebQuest. SCORM can not be utilized on a typical site is just going to work in an LMS. Create your very own monthly calendars.
However, this edition requires to be method past 60-seconds. For example, the precise details may appear on numerous web pages of your site. Pick the variety of pages you would certainly love to start with.
Some are my own, and also a number of are from different resources whom I have actually discovered. It was made to aid you in making predictions concerning your future economic circumstance. This concern is open enough to permit pupils to take a look at a number of environments as well as to similarly consider different manner ins which human beings are affecting a particular environment.


We have a variety of tours in Panama for all our Hotel Playa Reina visitors. There are so many different activities, for all the family and great attractions. Go to see the whales, practice fishing, learn surf or if you are an expert enjoy of all the best waves of all the Panama beaches, tour riding horses aver the sand, and more.
Snorkeling activities are generally recommended off of the Island of Cebaco, just a short boat ride from Playa Reina. Tours are available on a regular basis.
Stand Up Paddle activities are available in both flat water and surf SUP. We offer SUP rentals & tours.
Playa Reina has some of the best fishing in the region. Fishing charter tours are available on a regular basis.
Our horseback riding in Hotel Playa Rneina is an exceptional experience with beautiful views from the hills, galloping on the sandy beach.
Surfing is one of the most popular activities in this area of Panama, thanks to the variety of surfing beaches and consistent swell activity. Directly in front of Hotel Playa Reina there are multiple surfing spots ranging from center peak to lefts and rights, river mouth, beach break, and reef breaks. We offer free use of our soft-boards as part of our hotel service. Surf tours are also available on a regular basis.
Whale watching activities are generally recommended off of Cebaco Island or Coiba Island. Tours are available on a regular basis.
Yoga Retreats are available on a regular basis.
Scuba diving activities are generally recommended off of the island of Cebaco, just a short boat ride from Playa Reina, or Coiba Island which is a national marine park a few hours boat ride from Playa Reina. Tours are available on a regular basis..
Bird watching activities are generally recommended at the Cerro Hoya National Park, or on Coiba Island. Tours are available on a regular basis.
Kayaking activities are available in both flat water and surf kayaking. We offer free kayaking as part of our hotel service.
Spanish instruction is available on a regular basis.


Published at Thursday, April 18th, 2019 - 10:47 AM. 90 Wiring Diagram. By Robert C. Battaglia.
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Civil War and Commonwealth (1)
Early Seventeenth Century (1)
From Rockinghamite Whig to Anti-Jacobin (1)
Cambridge Platonist (1)
Your search for Literary Period: "Long Eighteenth Century" AND Metaphor Category: "Liquid" , "Weather" AND Genre: "Prose" returned 11 results(s) in 0.008 seconds
"In these men the principles are holy, the instruction perfect, the law remaining, the perswasions uncancelled; but against all this torrent there is a whirlwind of passions, and filthy resolutions, and wilfulness, which corrupt the heart, while as yet the head is uncorrupted in the direct rules ...
— Taylor, Jeremy (bap. 1613, 1667)
"Betwixt violent Passion, and a Fluctuation, or Wambling of the Mind, there is such a Difference, as betwixt the Agitation of a Storm, and the Nauseous Sickness of a Calm."
— L'Estrange, Sir Roger (1616-1704)
Date: Saturday, May 12, 1711
"The Thoughts will be rising of themselves from time to time, tho' we give them no Encouragement; as the Tossings and Fluctuations of the Sea continue several Hours after the Winds are laid."
Date: Wednesday, June 18, 1712
"The strange and absurd Variety that is so apparent in Men's Actions, shews plainly they can never proceed immediately from Reason; so pure a Fountain emits no such troubled Waters: They must necessarily arise from the Passions, which are to the Mind as the Winds to a Ship, they only can move it,...
"Upon examining this Liquor [in the pericaridum of the coquet], we found that it had in it all the Qualities of that Spirit which is made use of in the Thermometer, to shew the Change of Weather."
"The sudden Gusts of these Passions being thus accounted for, when they become extreme they drive about the Blood with such a Hurricane, that Nature is overset, like a Mill by a Flood: So that what drove it only quicker round before, now intirely stops it, and renders the Countenance pale and gha...
— Cheyne, George (1671-1743)
"The Soul of the Murther'd Person seeks no Revenge; all that Part is swallowed up in the Wonders of the eternal State, and Vengeance entirely resign'd to him to whom it belongs; but the Soul of the Murtherer is like the Ocean in a Tempest, he is in continual Motion, restless and raging; and the G...
"This is bringing the Matter into a narrow Compass, and putting an end to Cavil and Quarrel about it; there is no need to wrangle upon it any more; but when you at any time see an Apparition, or Appearance of Spirit assuming Shape and Voice, and you are sure it is really an Apparition, not a Dece...
"Secondly, Neither doth every Involuntary Phantasm, or such as the Soul is not Conscious to it self to have purposely excited or raised up within it self, seem to be a Sensation or Perception of a thing, as existing without us; for there may be Straggling Phantasms, which come into the Mind we kn...
— Cudworth, Ralph (1617-1688)
Date: Tuesday, August 14, 1753
"But from the opposite errour, from torpid despondency, can come no advantage; it is the frost of the soul, which binds up all its powers, and congeals life in perpetual sterility."
— Johnson, Samuel (1709-1784)


Front cover of the 2019 edition of the guide.
The purpose of the Outdoor Ethics Guide Handbook is to guide units in developing a culture that effectively demonstrates responsible outdoor choices that reduce impacts of Scouting activities. Introduced in September 2017 and updated in May 2018, the handbook identifies the responsibilities of the outdoor ethics guide, provides ideas on how to carry out this role, and lists resources. It also provides methods for the Outdoor Ethics Guide Advisor or other adult leader to support Scouts selected for this position and a way to evaluate success.
An explanation of the outdoor ethics guide's role.
A list of rank requirements the outdoor ethics guide can help fellow Scouts earn.
A list of functions of the outdoor ethics guide advisor.
A self-evaluation for the outdoor ethics guide.
An explanation of the Teaching EDGE method.
A fillable duty roster for delegating Leave No Trace responsibilities.
A Leave No Trace troop assessment form.
A fillable planning guide with a Leave No Trace focus.
A list of websites to learn more.
Outdoor Ethics Guide - A troop or crew youth leadership role.
This page was last modified 22:42, February 25, 2019.


Four years ago, Paul David Tripp entered the hospital with what he thought was a minor issue and began a journey with pain and suffering for which he felt completely unprepared. Through his weakness, he grappled with his loss of control, wondering what God was doing in his life, and what good could come from his trials.
Because I did not have the power or control to make Mr. Hardship leave, I ran to the place where I have always found wisdom, hope, and rest of heart. I ran to the gospel of Jesus Christ, and in so doing, into the arms of my Savior. As I dove into the narrative of the gospel, which is the core message of God's Word, I realized something profoundly important and wonderfully comforting: I wasn't unprepared after all. The message of God's sovereign control over me and my world, the gospel's honesty about life in this fallen world, the comfort of the right-here, right-now presence and grace of the Savior, and the insight into the spiritual war that rages in my heart had prepared me well for the entrance and presence of this unwelcome stranger.
In the video above, Paul explains how God worked for good through his weakness, proving Christ's grace to be sufficient through his pain.


A mortgage broker counsels you on the loans available from different wholesalers, takes your application, and usually processes the loan which involves putting together the complete file of information about your transaction including the credit report, appraisal, verification of your employment and assets, and so on. When the file is complete, but sometimes sooner, the lender "underwrites" the loan which means deciding whether or not you are an acceptable risk.
Income is disclosed and the source of the income is verified, but the amount is not verified. Assets are verified, and must meet an adequacy standard such as, for example, 6 months of stated income and 2 months of expected monthly housing expense.
Both income and assets are disclosed but not verified. However, the source of the borrower's income is verified.
Income is disclosed and verified but not used in qualifying the borrower. The standard rule that the borrower's housing expense cannot exceed some specified percent of income, is ignored. Assets are disclosed and verified.
Income is not disclosed, but assets are disclosed and verified, and must meet an adequacy standard.
Assets are disclosed but not verified, income is disclosed, verified and used to qualify the applicant.
Assets are not disclosed, but income is disclosed, verified and used to qualify the applicant.
Neither income nor assets are disclosed.


I was cleaning out some old files and I came across this image I found years ago. I knew in my heart, I was supposed to paint it today.
It resonated with me, something about how I was feeling…touched my heart.
When you have a seer gift, you are very prophetic and discerning, in other words...you can be somewhat hyper-sensitive. You can walk into a room and feel things, you can be talking to someone and know what they are going through.
Just like this little butterfly, you have big antennas.
A seer's sensitivity can make them seem fragile at times, just like a butterfly's wings. They seem weak, but it is their gift of wings and sensitivity that also makes them strong. Flying gives them a perspective, caterpillars never have.
Years ago, before I began my ministry, God used this same butterfly, painted by a spiritual dad of mine, Ken Helser, to help me muster up the courage to paint on the platform with the other worshipers, like Jesus had asked me to. So, it is my "ministry" butterfly.
I love butterflies so much, I have different ones that mean different things to me. Another thing that comes with being a seer, everything means something to you that eyes or logic can't always see or understand.
When I first began praying for people while I was ministering through art, sometimes they would have butterfly wings on in the spirit. I didn't understand why at first, but it didn't take me long to realize, they were all artists. It was God's way of speaking to me. I used to have an artschool called, Rainbow Skies and Butterflies, so maybe that's why?
Everyone's wings were different, they would be different colors, textures, even made out of different mediums, and that was how God would speak to me about what they were called to create.
I remember one time, I heard someone say, seers are the most misunderstood of all who are in the body of Christ, and sometimes when you are prophetic, you experience a lot of rejection. It is part of the process of becoming one with God. It hurts, so you run to Him. It is a lot like the chrysalis tomb, where the caterpillar gets its wings. But first, it must choose to die. It has to trust the process...and let God have his way.
But, sometimes it can become so bad, a fear of rejection will begin to haunt you. Or you will begin to think something is wrong with you. We can also have a fear, God is displeased with us, like we have done something unpardonable, and could never be forgiven.
But, I have to remember He loves me. Even if no one else does, or it seems like no one ever will...He will always love me.
I love how this butterfly looks so humble and desperate. He is holding on the that daisy, to God's love...for dear life!
The daisy represents that for me. Just like the game, hopeless romantics play, with the petals of a daisy, plucking them one by one... "He loves me, He loves me not, he loves me, he loves me not." We can become double minded at times...but, we must remember, with God there is only one option.
And just like this daisy still has all its petals, we have as many chances as we need.
He will always forgive us, if we just humble ourselves, repent and pray.
Oh yes...oh how He loves me, He loves me, He loves me...and He loves you too!
And there are always enough love petals for everyone.


Today I'll show you a new review about a pair of circle lenses from Uniqso which become one of my favorites in my collection! It's the Beuberry Vivid green, I already tried a pair from this brand so I was sure the quality would have been great and I was searching a new pair of green lenses for my Saber cosplay and this one is perfect!
I got my lenses in a few days as always! And don't forget to follow Uniqso and share your pics with your circle lenses on instagram too 'cause you'll have the great chance to win free pairs of circle lenses!"
The lenses have a big diameter that makes your eyes super big and dolly, the color is so bright and vivid, I'm totally in love with it! It's really hard to find cool pair of green circle lenses that cover really well brown eyes but this pair is perfect and it fits greatly my dark eyes. They're super comfy, I wore them for a lot of hours without problems. I think it's the perfect pair both for cosplay and j-fashion outfits because the design is really simple and it's perfect for a lot of occasions. They come with prescription as well and there are a lot of colors to choose!
Color ★★★★★ amazing and vivid green color that fits perfectly every eye color!
I'm glad you like them ♡♡ thank you so much!
That is such a vivid green! It looks absolutely beautiful on you.
wow the color is so opaque even from far it looks so good :D and I always love how you incorporate them on your elegant looks!


Trump is so totally correct, that we absolutely must amend the 14th amendment to get rid of birthright citizenship except for the babies of citizens, and those permanent residents who have been here for decades and caused no problems. No birthright citizenship for babies of illegals or visitors or tourists, diplomats, those here on business ,and so on. Only for babies of citizens, and permanent residents who have been here for a very long time and caused no problems and taken no public assistance, etc.


On Friday, following the UK's triggering of Article 50 two days' prior, the UKIPO confirmed that the UK is "fully on track" to ratify the UPC Agreement and commence the provisional application period in line with the Preparatory Committee's timetable (i.e. for the Provisional Application Phase to start in May 2017 and for the UPC to go live in December 2017, see here). The UKIPO also confirmed that they expect the legislation on privileges and immunities to be ready to lay before Parliament after Easter. The UKIPO clarified that their assurances were being made in response to growing speculation on the UK's timetable for ratification.
discussions between the Registry and IT teams to ensure that the CMS and Registry procedures are compatible (with User Acceptance Testing of the CMS to begin shortly).


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Mobile Support Crews
Athol Hodgson (bio)
This is a precis of the complete article, which can be found here <
Kester Baines, who was an MSC member based at Connors Plain for four summers from the late 1960's has provided recollections of his time with the Crew.
In the mid 1960's, Ted Gill, then Chief, Division of Forest Protection with the FCV, introduced the concept of Mobile Support Crews (MSC). These Crews were based on the temporary employment of University students, and they were to provide a few specially trained firefighting crews to support Forest District resources when needed.
Each MSC had fifteen to eighteen students and was self-contained, with vehicles, radios, camping and firefighting equipment, including chainsaws, rakehoes and axes. Depending on where it was based the MSC may have included a camp cook
The training of these Crews addressed topics and activities such as forest fire behaviour, firefighting techniques, weather forecasts and interpretation, map reading, chainsaw and axe safety, first-aid and four -wheel driving.
Each Crew had an experienced crew leader, sometimes from a Forest District or the National Parks Service. The location of MSC's was determined after consideration of the state-wide forest fire risk and the availability at the time of Forest District, and later Regional, fire-fighting resources.
MSC's were variously based at or within the Benalla, Bruthen, Broadford, Heyfield and Stawell Forest Districts, or later in the subsequent Bairnsdale, Benalla, Horsham and Traralgon/Central Gippsland Regions of Conservation, Forest and Lands. Although operating from a particular District or Region, MSC's were available for assignment to fires anyway across the State based on fire suppression priorities.
MSC's were often assigned to remote, and difficult to access, forested country, and could be away overnight or longer constructing, by hand, control lines in areas where bulldozers could not be used, or were not immediately available.
When not required for fire-fighting, MSC's undertook many other forest management tasks including seed collection, planting for regeneration programs, road and track maintenance and construction and maintenance of forest recreation infrastructure.
The 1989/90 fire season was the last when MSC's, as initially formed, were deployed, but the concept is still used even though the term MSC is not widely used.
Ted Gill, Chief, Division of Forest Protection
Laverton RAAF Base, 1963


Clear your head. Fresh, aromatic herbals go to work fast to remove oily buildup and normalise hair and scalp. Based on an ancient Mayan recipe, this scalp-soothing shampoo deep-cleanses and hydrates for a full, healthy head of hair.
Nutrient-rich serum replenishes moisture and smooths the hair's cuticle to reduce frizzing and help repair damaged ends. Doubles as a leave-in conditioner or deep-conditioning treatment.
Fast-track clarifier. Deep-cleanses with ginseng extract and organic matcha green tea, and rinses clean to leave hair shiny, bouncy and full. A natural alternative to dandruff shampoos for oily scalp. Heavenly mandarin splash scent!
Scalp rescue. Made with organic tea tree and blue green algae, this purifying shampoo soothes and moisturises the scalp as it cleanses. A great natural alternative to dandruff shampoos for dry, flaky scalp. Clean lemongrass scent!


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Vyšehrad History | Erstwhile Royal Castle & Military Fortress in Prague
VysehradVyšehrad History
Vyšehrad fort is located on the Vltava river and has been the site of many settlements in Prague's past. Such is its rich and colorful lore, that Vyšehrad has become the subject of many legends. This hill fort has served many functions – from acting as the royal seat of past monarchs or a bustling city to a fortress and then a cemetery. Read on to learn about Vyšehrad's significance today.
The Origins of Vysehrad
The first historically reliable mention of this remarkable hill fort at Vyšehrad dates back to the middle of the 10th century.
It was then the location where the minting of denarii (coins) of Boleslaus II took place. But Vyšehrad has had a vibrant past since then, having served several different functions over time. For a short period, this site served as a royal castle. Soon afterward, it grew into a city. Later, it was a Baroque fortress, as it so appears even today. It was around the end of the 1800s that Vyšehrad became recognized as a national symbol, and was converted into a cemetery for some of the most famous personalities in Czech history.
Today, Vyšehrad has gained acclaim among tourists visiting Prague as a popular destination for breathtaking views of the city. Visit this historic site for a spell-binding glance into the history of Prague, and walk around as you get acquainted with some of the major monuments located here.
Vysehrad Castle: Erstwhile Royal Seat of the Czech Monarch
Although Vyšehrad has had an illustrious history, the most notable period in its past was during the reign of Vratislaus II.
As the first King of Bohemia, he shifted the center of his rule to Vyšehrad from its earlier seat at Prague Castle due to the relentless arguments that ensued between him and his younger brother Jaromír, the bishop of Prague. After, this hill fort became the site of many notable monuments, among which were the Basilica of St. Peter and of St. Paul, and the Rotunda of St. Martin.
As Vyšehrad and the Royal District grew in importance, stone ramparts were erected around the area for increased protection. However, Vyšehrad was soon to fade out of the foreground – for, upon being appointed the Duke of Bohemia in 1140, Vladislaus II shifted the seat of his rule back to Prague Castle. The reign of Charles IV augured a renewal of Vyšehrad's status – for, the Emperor viewed this site as a key symbol of ancient Czech history.
The Short-Lived Town of Vysehrad Hill
After Vyšehrad was partially demolished by Hussite soldiers in August 1419, a period of resettlement and rebuilding commenced. Poor artisans who had nowhere else to go gradually occupied the deserted areas within the castle and its surrounding grounds.
It was finally in around 1450, that the Town of Vyšehrad Hill was formally established. This town had two sections, out of which the Upper Town occupied what was formerly the original Vyšehrad, now comprising dozens of houses, a school, the district of the Vyšehrad Chapter, and the Royal Acropolis. In contrast, the Lower Town came up around the area that was occupied by the former village next to the castle. Here, one would have found the Church of Humility of the Virgin Mary, a mill, and a lime kiln.
However, even this settlement on Vyšehrad Hill had a short-lived chapter. After the Thirty Years' War proved the Prague fortification to be obsolete, a new one was started in 1650. The Vyšehrad fortress became a part of it while the Upper Town disappeared.
Construction of the Baroque Vysehrad Fortress
It was in 1653 that the construction of the Vyšehrad fortress was begun, in accordance with General Innocenzo Conti's and Josef Priami's designs.
The Tábor Gate, with its connecting angular rampart, was completed as early as 1639 on the Pankrác side. Thereafter, a brick fortification was built in 1727, featuring the layout of an irregular pentagon with five bastions protruding from its corners. This new fortification included what is known as the Baroque Leopold Gate, as well as an elaborate network of tunnels for quick transportation of soldiers and for the storage of material.
Since most of the older buildings were demolished, and since the Vyšehrad Chapter had been temporarily abandoned, they were able to build an armory inside the former Royal Acropolis. However, it was never restored after it burned down in 1927. The Vyšehrad fortress underwent its final reconstruction during the mid-1800s; as a part of which the Empire-style Brick Gate (1841) and a cannon firing position on the city side (redan) were finalized.
Buy Your Vyšehrad Tickets
Vysehrad Praha: A Symbol of the Nation
It is interesting to note how Vyšehrad grew from a place of strategic and military significance to a subsequent site of patriotic importance. It was during the second half of the 19th century that Vyšehrad's military significance had begun to fade. Nevertheless, the Vyšehrad Chapter stepped in to ensure that this fortress retained its notable patriotic significance, transforming the site into a repository of the Czech nation's rich history. Through the legends of Queen Libuše, the tales of the valiant Bivoj, and the mythical horse Šemík, as well as the Women's War – they were able to garner public opinion in reverence towards this historic site.
Led by the two provosts, Václav Štulc and Mikuláš Karlach, the Vyšehrad Chapter brought about the establishment of public orchards as well as a Neo-Gothic reconstruction of several of the old Vyšehrad buildings. This period of transformation was concluded by the establishment of a national burial ground at the former site of the parish cemetery. This new Slavín tomb was finished in 1893, thereafter becoming the final resting place of countless prominent personalities from Czech history.
History of Vyšehrad Park
The Vyšehrad park has had a rich past, being the site for multiple settlements and constructions throughout Vyšehrad's history. Among the many events it has been witness to, these grounds have undergone fire, temporary cattle breeding, and an extensive range of agricultural and horticultural production. The park has even gone on to become a refuge for sports clubs and statues. Having been the site for countless actualized designs, and incomplete ones too – there is an even longer list of archeological discoveries that have taken place here. It was back in the 1880s when the military importance of the fortress began to decline, that the Vyšehrad park began a lengthy transformation towards its current form.
Vysehrad Park
Frequently Asked Questions About Vyšehrad History
Q. What happened to Prague's Vyšehrad?
A. Vyšehrad served as a royal castle around the 10th century and was later turned into a Baroque military fortress after the royal seat was shifted back to Prague Castle.
Q. Is Vyšehrad the oldest seat of Czech princes?
A. The first settlement, according to local legends, was located here at Vyšehrad and later became Prague, however, no evidence supporting this claim has been found.
Q. When was Vysehrad Fortress built?
A. Vyšehrad was built around 1350 during the reign of Charles IV.
Q. Can I visit the historical fortress of Vysehrad?
A. Yes, you can visit Vysehrad. Book your Vysehrad tickets online.
Q. Are there guided tours of Vysehrad available that explain the historical significance of the fortress?
A. Yes, guided tours of Vysehrad are available. Book your Vysehrad tickets and tours online.
Q. Why is Vyšehrad so famous?
A. Vyšehrad is a historical fortress located in Prague. Vyšehrad has had a vibrant history - it has served as a royal castle, a place of military importance, and now, it enjoys the status of being a national symbol.
Vyšehrad Cemetery
Vyšehrad Park


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Directions to the Church
704 Cortland Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94110 - 415.648.5751
St. Kevin Catholic Church
Pastor: Rev. Henry Noga, SVD
Religious Formation & Study
Stewardships & Ministries
Confraternity of Christian Doctrine
CCD (Confraternity of Christian Doctrine) imparts the Catholic faith to our children and youth, and prepares them for the sacraments of Baptism, Confirmation and holy Eucharist. Classes meet on Sundays from September through May.
Children and youth must enroll by early September. There are modest fees to help with books and materials. The children, along with their families, are expected to make a commitment to regular attendance of classes and of the Sunday liturgies. The teen confirmation group also helps with many of the parish activities. Both the First Communion and Confirmation programs require two-year commitments.
Our First Communion preparation is included as part of the regular CCD program for children in grades 1 through 6. Children must be enrolled in CCD for two years to receive their First Communion.
Select the document below for information about policies and how to enroll in St. Kevin's CCD program.
Download CCD Policies & Enrollment
View All Upcoming Parish Events & Services
SATURDAY VIGIL
FIRST FRIDAYS
9:00 AM Mass
Exposition of the Blessed Sacrament follows Mass
Adoration begins with the Recitation of the Most Holy Rosary of the Blessed Virgin Mary
Adoration continues until Noon and concludes with Benediction
Prayer Around the Cross (check the calendar)
The Centennial of St. Kevin Parish is in 2022. Help us prepare for it by sharing your memories and post pics, with dates & people in them on the Timeline on Facebook.
Visit the St. Kevin 2022 Project Page on Facebook
© 2020 St. Kevin Catholic Church


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'Smokers stand to lose out on govt aid' 29/12/2009
KUALA LUMPUR: "No smoking" may be made a condition for youths and students seeking aid from the government.Youth and Sports Minister Datuk Ahmad Shabery Cheek said the proposal was raised as many people, including youths and students, could still afford to buy cigarettes despite several price increases.
"They say they are poor. But if they can buy cigarettes, then we (may) say you are not qualified to receive any aid," he said at a news conference after chairing a meeting of the National Youth Consultative Council and launching the Ekspedisi 1Belia 1Malaysia organised by the ministry with the cooperation of the Youth and Sports Council.
Ahmad Shabery was asked to comment on the announcement by Health Minister Datuk Seri Liow Tiong Lai yesterday that beginning Jan 1, the minimum price of cigarettes would be RM6.40 for a 20-stick pack or 32 sen for a stick.
The move is to make cigarettes less affordable, especially among the young and low-income group, besides curbing the promotion of cigarettes through discounts.
Ahmad Shabery said government aid, such as for those under the hardcore poor housing programme who can afford cable TV or cigarettes, also needed to be reconsidered although there is no law on this.
On the call that money from cigarette taxes be used to promote sports other than football, the minister said he would forward a proposal to the Finance Ministry.
On the Ekspedisi 1Belia 1Malaysia, Ahmad Shabery said it involves 70 participants who will travel through 10 states. The expedition, which ends on Saturday in Lenggong, Perak, aims to educate and provide accurate information about the "1Belia 1Malaysia" programme.
On the National Youth Consultative Council meeting, he said various views had been put forward on the economy, education and programmes that need to be implemented. — Bernama
Anti-Smoking Law lauded
Singapore will be first Asian country to require standardized packaging of tobacco products, other countries must follow
Myanmar: Smoke-free Universities workshop held in Myanmar


PANDA is the North West partner in the national bid by New Deal of the Mind to deliver the Future Jobs Fund.
Over the past 12 months PANDA has brokered 100 new jobs for unemployed young people within our members' organisations, and provided support to ensure both the employee and employer gets the maximum benefit out of the opportunity.
This project has now ended with some brilliant outcomes for both employers and employees.
Find out how one of our FJF partnerships went on by watching the vimeo link above. In this video, Steph Graham (FJF employee at Castlefield Gallery) and Dan Jones (FJF employee at The Edge) reflect on their experiences over the past 6 months. We also hear from Janine Waters, FJF employer and Artistic Director of The Edge, arts centre in Chorlton, Manchester.


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Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?
Imagine the Future with us as we read Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? in 2018-2019.
Imagine the Future: Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?
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8 Science Fiction Books by Women
Science Fiction by Women: Afrofuturism Edition
Read Like an Astronaut
100 Years Ago: Chicago Celebrated the End of WWI
What's new in diabetes cookbooks
by Betsy March 1, 2019
"Kazbegi (Place In Georgia)" Milky Way, opens a new windowopens a new window by Guja Markozashvili, opens a new windowopens a new window / CC BY 2.0, opens a new windowopens a new window / Cropped from original
In 1818, Mary Shelley wrote Frankenstein, Or, The Modern Prometheus, which is considered by many to be the first true science fiction novel.
Frankenstein, Or, The Modern Prometheusopens a new window
Since then, many women have written other great science fiction. Unfortunately, too much of it was either not published, because it was written by women, or their work was not recognized as science fiction. Fortunately, there have been efforts this century to bring their work the recognition it deserves.
Want to read more by these authors? Here are two lists of women science fiction authors to get you started.
Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America
The Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America Grand Master Award and the SFWA Author Emeritus Award have recognized nine women: Andre Norton, Judith Merril, Ursula K. Le Guin, Katherine MacLean, Anne McCaffrey, Ardath Mayhar, Connie Willis, C.J. Cherryh and Jane Yolen. Here's a small sample of their work:
Le Guin's The Dispossessed (1975) won the Nebula Award for Best Novel in 1974 and both the Hugo and Locus awards the next year.
The Dispossessedopens a new window
McCaffrey's Dragonflight (1968), the first in the Dragonriders of Pern series, incorporates two of her Nebula Award-winning novellas, "Weyr Search" and "Dragonrider."
Dragonflightopens a new window
Willis' Doomsday Book (1992) is the first in a series about Oxford time-traveling historians. It won both the Hugo and Nebula awards in 1993.
Doomsday Bookopens a new window
Cherryh's Cyteen (1988) was originally published as a trilogy but is now available in a single volume. It won the 1989 Hugo and Locus awards.
Cyteenopens a new window
Yolen's The Devil's Arithmetic (1988) is a children's book about a 12-year-old girl who time travels to the Holocaust. It was nominated for the Nebula Award for Best Novella and won the National Jewish Book Award the following year.
The Devil's Arithmeticopens a new window
Science Fiction Masterworks
The Science Fiction Masterworks imprint includes books by 17 women, including a couple of the Grand Masters listed above. It's a long list and getting longer (yay!), so I'm not going to list them all, but here's a taste.
Joanna Russ' The Female Man (1975) was nominated for a Nebula Award for Best Novella, and in 1995 it won a Retrospective Tiptree Award.
The Female Manopens a new window
Sheri S. Tepper's Grass (1989) was short-listed for the Locus and the Hugo awards.
Grassopens a new window
Maureen F. McHugh's China Mountain Zhang (1992) won the Locus Award for Best First Novel and was nominated for both the Hugo and Nebula awards.
China Mountain Zhangopens a new window
More Sci-Fi
Pro tip: Sometimes women have disguised their names so their books can be published. For example: Andre Norton, C.J. Cherryh, M.J. Engh, Pat Cadigan, James Tiptree, Jr., and C.L. Moore.
Looking for even more award-winning science fiction by women? Check out Science Fiction by Women: Afrofuturism Edition.
And, of course, this year's One Book, One Chicago explores the theme Imagine the Future while we read Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?.
Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?opens a new window
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