text:
US Hits NKorean Officials With Sanctions After Missile Test
Home Business Weeboon: Thailand Crowdfunds For Good Causes
Katerina and Daniel Mokshantsev (in orange hospital gowns) receive donation made via Weeboon. Photo: Weeboon
Weeboon: Thailand Crowdfunds For Good Causes
Chayanit Itthipongmaetee, Staff Reporter
November 7, 2017 10:20 am
Top: Katerina and Daniel Mokshantsev (in orange hospital gowns) receive donation made via Weeboon. Photo: Weeboon
BANGKOK — When Nguyen Quoc launched the nation's first open, donation-based crowdfunding platform earlier this year, he didn't have to wait long to see it make a difference.
It was in February, after a bus ran a red light at a busy Pattaya intersection and plowed into a motorcycle, sending both passengers – two Russian teens – into a coma. Daniel Mokshantsev and Katerina Mokshantsev were in critical conditions for weeks and needed brain and spine surgeries costing over 1 million baht, a massive fee their family couldn't handle, even with the accident insurance payout.
That was the first time Quoc's just-launched Weeboon came into the spotlight. In less than 10 days, the campaign raised over 230,000 baht (USD$7,000) from 166 donors. Donors were able to revisit the campaign page and get regular updates on the conditions of 16-year-old Daniel and 14-year-old Katerina to see their operations were successes and their process of rehabilitation until the Mokshantsevs returned home safely.
Quoc, 34, had no idea what crowdfunding was until two years ago when he came across two campaigns on social media – both involved foreigners injured on Thai roads. He donated to both, as their stories struck a chord with Quoc, who himself was injured in a road accident.
That inspired the Vietnamese-Belgian man, who's made Thailand his adopted home for 11 years, to start Weeboon ("we" + "boon," Thai word for making merit) which he didn't foresee a month later would help save the two Russian teens.
"Being able to help random people instantly via an online platform like this was just awesome," Quoc said recently at his Sathorn area office.
The site is billed as Thailand's first donation-based crowdfunding platform. It's open to all projects for good causes, regardless of their type or scale, whether it's to save a cat injured in a hit-and-run accident to fund children's healthcare insurance.
In its first 10 months, Weeboon says it has raised 1 million baht for more than 60 campaigns.
Katerina and Daniel Mokshantsev in July back in Russia, after their operations and rehabilitation process. Photo: Weeboon
Crowdwhating?
Although crowdfunding was introduced to the world in the early 2000s (the term was coined in 2006) by way of Kickstarter, IndieGoGo, ArtistShare and Kiva, funding ventures directly over the internet didn't emerge in Thailand until a decade later.
Taejai and Sinwattana were among the first domestic crowdfunding platforms. Taejai, founded in 2013, finances NGO projects for social causes, whereas Sinwattana helps fund startups. Dreamaker, founded in 2015 by Aekkasit Diewwanit, is limited only to Thai nationals and domestically registered companies to post projects.
Asiola followed a few months after Dreamaker. The rewards-based platform, now arguably the most well-known of such platforms, is a commercial venture focused on art and creative projects. It offers contributors, aka backers, rewards or equity, and campaigns can target "all-or-nothing" funding goals or be unconditional.
Quoc said his platform is different from all of those.
Read: On Asiola, Superfans Support Artists for Swag and Goodies
Read: No Ads, More Art: Crowdfunders Remake BTS Skytrain
There are no deadlines and no goal requirements. Unlike platforms like Asiola, which decide what projects will run, Weeboon does not curate its campaigns.
Most of all, campaigns are supposed to serve some remotely noble purpose. At its best, Weeboon has been used to help fund a man who rescues snakes from people's homes, low-cost healthcare insurance for children of migrant laborers and 3D-printed prosthetic hands for disabled children.
Two months ago, a representative of Vejthani Hospital launched a campaign to help an Ethiopian woman left blind and disfigured by her husband. The project on Monday was sitting at over 150,000 baht.
"Some crowdfunding platforms exist but they are all curated platforms, which means you cannot submit a campaign and raise funds without your campaign being approved by management – this can takes months," Quoc said.
Weeboon donors also won't get goodies like products or equity. Rather, their return-on-investment is a good feeling.
"We do pure charity. When you come to donate through Weeboon, you shouldn't expect anything except being happy with yourself," said Quoc, who lived seven years on Koh Samui and four in Bangkok.
One ongoing project is Death by Plastic, in which a Bangkok fashion photographer invites celebrities such as Muay Thai superstar Sombat Banchamek, aka Buakaw, Dandee "MC Dandee" Supwattana and model Penny J. Lane to lend their voices against plastic waste. Ten photos of the celebs will be exhibited and sold, with proceeds given to mega-conglomerate CP All to purchase paper bags for its 7-Eleven convenience stores.
"What I know is there are a lot of needy people, but there are also a lot of generous people in Thailand," Quoc said. "I regularly see random people trying to raise funds on Facebook because of unfortunate life events such as road accidents, job losses, disease or just because they cannot afford education costs. There is clearly a need for this kind of a platform."
A photo for the 'Death by Plastic' campaign. Photo: Ben Zander / Weeboon
Real Need vs. Real Fraud
Unlike other platforms where campaigns are controlled by the host, Weeboon allows anyone to start do-it-yourself campaigns with a story, picture or video.
Of course that means opportunity for abuse, and services like Weeboon are ripe environments for fraud.
In 2013, more than 3,000 Kickstarter backers were nearly defrauded after raising USD$120,000 for The world's first 100% Japanese Beer Fed Kobe Beef Jerky. That was before GoFundMe's Purchase Private Internet Histories, which pledged to buy and publish the personal browsing data of U.S. politicians, crowdfunded more than USD200,000 – despite being technically and legally impossible.
Quoc said such cases are very rare, and none has yet hit his site.
"Even [GoFundMe] has fraud cases, but it's only 0.1 percent," he said. "Our job is to make a background check for every campaign if the story is real."
Quoc said he or his team visit hospitals and meet campaign authors physically if they are in or near Bangkok. When distance is a hurdle, they make some calls. One campaigner is a boy who suffers from cerebral palsy and an enlarged heart in Khon Kaen province. Quoc said his team, being 450 kilometers away, called the hospital where the boy was being treated to confirm his condition was true.
However, whatever the campaign creators do after they get the money is another story.
"If the story is real, it's fine. But when he gets the money and doesn't go to see a doctor, but uses the money to buy an iPhone, we cannot manage this," Quoc said. "Once they get the money, we cannot control what they're gonna do."
To ensure that his "Weebooners" have a positive and safe experience, Quoc publishes information on how to protect beneficiaries and donors. The section includes securing personal information and cooperating with law enforcement.
"This is what we do on a daily basis to ensure that there is no fraud on our platform because our credibility is the main thing," Quoc said. "It's hard to get credibility. If we lose it, we lose everything. So it's not our interest to let any fraud happen on our platform."
Philip J. Brook with a snake poses for a photo for his campaign to relocate snakes and other wildlife from people's residences on Koh Samui. Photo: Philip J. Brook / Weeboon
A photo from a campaign supporting healthcare access for the children of migrant workers in Thailand. Photo: Nicolas Durier / Weeboon
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Stanford Health Care – University HealthCare Alliance (UHA) has a new opportunity! We are looking for a Compliance and Environmental Health and Safety (EHS) Program Manager to join our dynamic team located in our Corporate Office in Newark, California.
University HealthCare Alliance (UHA) is a physician network and medical foundation partnered with Stanford Health Care and Stanford Medicine. UHA was formed with a mission providing excellent medical care, access, and service in communities around the San Francisco Bay Area. Our vision is to heal humanity through science and compassion, one patient at a time.
The Compliance and Environmental Health and Safety (EHS) Program Manager works collaboratively with both UHA's Director of Compliance and UHA's Director of Environmental Health and Safety (EHS). Responsibilities include privacy issue management, managing and overseeing compliance programs (35%), and managing EHS regulatory programs (65%). Emphasis on researching federal state and local laws, and development of management plans for program implementation. The Compliance and EHS Program Manager will relationally communicate and coordinate program implementation with the UHA organization and any applicable federal, state, and local agencies.
In collaboration with SHC Compliance, investigate and document privacy issues reported to or within UHA; ensure any applicable corrective action is completed, and complete all required documentation.
At the direction of the UHA Director of Compliance, assist with creating and disseminating privacy educational materials.
Perform privacy rounds at UHA central office and all clinics.
Develop EHS overarching management plans for strategic initiatives.
Ensure compliance with regulatory agency requirements and implement compliance programs.
Collaborate with cross-functional teams to develop and support defined Environmental Health and Safety, goals, and objectives.
Partner with leadership to develop systemization and standardization of programs, processes, and methods across the UHA organization.
Coordinate with Stanford Healthcare stakeholders to synchronize UHA EHS and Environment of Care (EOC) metrics.
In collaboration with the Director of Compliance, assist with the development and presentation of reports to the UHA Board of Directors, UHA Management and SHC Compliance Department.
Investigate and document all hotline calls; participate or assist as directed in any corrective action.
As directed, perform research and analysis on state and federal laws affecting UHA; develop and implement any necessary communication to central office and/or clinical sites.
Maintain all Environmental Health and Safety permits.
Assist in the completing multi-disciplinary risk assessments and recommend corrective actions where EHS hazards exist.
Manage hazardous materials inventory, profile and manifest waste program.
In conjunction with the Human Resources Department, manage the illness and injury program, including trending analysis for Worker's compensation injuries related to the OSHA 300 log.
Perform safety inspections and on-going hazard analysis.
Carry out incident investigations and implementation of corrective actions.
Manage Emergency Response Team (ERT) where applicable.
Interact with all departments to assist with identified Environmental Health and Safety (EHS) and Environment of Care (EOC) issues.
Accurately maintain all organizational records related to the EHS Department.
REQUIRED: Bachelor's degree or 3+ years' work experience in a healthcare setting.
PREFERRED: Experience with multi-specialty physician offices and/or academic medical centers.
We are proud to be an equal opportunity employer and celebrate differences. Stanford Health Care – University HealthCare Alliance (UHA) provides equal employment opportunity (EEO) to all individuals regardless of their race, color, creed, religion, gender, age, sexual orientation, national origin, disability, veteran status, or any other characteristic protected by state, federal, or local law.


text:
37-6-12. Classification of goods and services for mark registration--Registration limited to single class. The following general classes of goods and services are established for the convenience of the administration of §§ 37-6-4 to 37-6-27, inclusive, but not to limit or extend the applicant's or registrant's rights. A single application for registration of a mark may include any goods or services upon which the mark is actually being used which are comprised in a single class, but a single application may not include goods or services which fall within different classes of goods or services. The classes of goods are as follows:
(1) Chemical products used in industry, science, photography, agriculture, horticulture, forestry; artificial and synthetic resins; plastics in the form of powders, liquids or pastes, for industrial use; manures (natural and artificial); fire extinguishing compositions; tempering substances and chemical preparations for soldering; chemical substances for preserving foodstuffs; tanning substances; adhesive substances used in industry;
(2) Paints, varnishes, lacquers; preservatives against rust and against deterioration of wood; colouring matters, dyestuffs; mordants; natural resins; metals in foil and powder form for painters and decorators;
(3) Bleaching preparations and other substances for laundry use; cleaning, polishing, scouring, and abrasive preparations; soaps; perfumery, essential oils, cosmetics, hair lotions; dentifrices;
(4) Industrial oils and greases (other than oils and fats and essential oils); lubricants; dust laying and absorbing compositions; fuels (including motor spirit) and illuminants; candles, tapers, night lights, and wicks;
(5) Pharmaceutical, veterinary, and sanitary substances; infants' and invalids' foods; plasters, material for bandaging; material for stopping teeth, dental wax, disinfectants; preparations for killing weeds and destroying vermin;
(6) Unwrought and partly wrought common metals and their alloys; anchors, anvils, bells, rolled and cast building materials; rails and other metallic materials for railway tracks; chains (except driving chains for vehicles); cables and wires (nonelectric); locksmith's work; metallic pipes and tubes; safes and cash boxes; steel balls; horseshoes; nails and screws; other goods in nonprecious metal not included in other classes; ores;
(7) Machines and machine tools; motors (except for land vehicles); machine couplings and belting (except for land vehicles); large size agricultural implements; incubators;
(8) Hand tools and instruments; cutlery, forks, and spoons; side arms;
(9) Scientific, nautical, surveying, and electrical apparatus and instruments (including wireless), photographic, cinematographic, optical, weighing, measuring, signaling, checking (supervision), lifesaving, and teaching apparatus and instruments; coin or counterfeit apparatus; talking machines; cash registers; calculating machines; fire extinguishing apparatus;
(10) Surgical, medical, dental, and veterinary instruments and apparatus (including artificial limbs, eyes, and teeth);
(11) Installations for lighting, heating, steam generating, cooking, refrigerating, drying, ventilating, water supply, and sanitary purposes;
(12) Vehicles; apparatus for locomotion by land, air, or water;
(13) Firearms; ammunition and projectiles; explosive substances; fireworks;
(14) Precious metals and their alloys and goods in precious metals or coated therewith (except cutlery, forks, and spoons); jewelry, precious stones, horological, and other chronometric instruments;
(15) Musical instruments (other than talking machines and wireless apparatus);
(16) Paper and paper articles, cardboard and cardboard articles; printed matter, newspaper and periodicals, books; bookbinding material; photographs; stationery, adhesive materials (stationery); artists' materials; paint brushes; typewriters and office requisites (other than furniture); instructional and teaching material (other than apparatus); playing cards; printers' type and cliches (stereotype);
(17) Gutta percha, India rubber, balata, and substitutes, articles made from these substances and not included in other classes; plastics in the form of sheets, blocks, and rods, used in manufacture; materials for packing, stopping or insulating; asbestos, mica, and their products; hose pipes (nonmetallic);
(18) Leather and imitations of leather, and articles made from these materials and not included in other classes; skins, hides; trunks and traveling bags; umbrellas, parasols, and walking sticks; whips, harness, and saddlery;
(19) Building materials, natural and artificial stone, cement, lime, mortar, plaster, and gravel; pipes of earthenware or cement; roadmaking materials; asphalt, pitch, and bitumen; portable buildings; stone monuments; chimney pots;
(20) Furniture, mirrors, picture frames; articles (not included in other classes) of wood, cork, reeds, cane, wicker, horn, bone, ivory, whalebone, shell, amber, mother-of-pearl, meerschaum, celluloid, substitutes for all these materials, or of plastics;
(21) Small domestic utensils and containers (not of precious metals, or coated therewith); combs and sponges; brushes (other than paint brushes); brushmaking materials; instruments and material for cleaning purposes, steel wool; unworked or semi-worked glass (excluding glass used in building); glassware, porcelain and earthenware, not included in other classes;
(22) Ropes, string, nets, tents, awnings, tarpaulins, sails, sacks; padding and stuffing materials (hair, kapok, feathers, seaweed, etc.); raw fibrous textile materials;
(23) Yarns, threads;
(24) Tissues (piece goods); bed and table covers; textile articles not included in other classes;
(25) Clothing, including boots, shoes, and slippers;
(26) Lace and embroidery, ribands, and braid; buttons, press buttons, hooks and eyes, pins and needles; artificial flowers;
(27) Carpets, rugs, mats, and matting; linoleums and other materials for covering existing floors; wall hangings (nontextile);
(28) Games and playthings; gymnastic and sporting articles (except clothing); ornaments and decorations for Christmas trees;
(29) Meats, fish, poultry, and game; meat extracts; preserved, dried, and cooked fruits and vegetables; jellies, jams; eggs, milk, and other dairy products; edible oils and fats; preserves, pickles;
(30) Coffee, tea, cocoa, sugar, rice, tapioca, sago, coffee substitutes; flour and preparations made from cereals; bread, biscuits, cakes, pastry and confectionary, ices; honey, treacle; yeast, baking powder; salt, mustard, pepper, vinegar, sauces, spices; ice;
(31) Agricultural, horticultural, and forestry products and grains not included in other classes; living animals; fresh fruits and vegetables; seeds; live plants and flowers; food-stuffs for animals, malt;
(32) Beer, ale, and porter; mineral and aerated waters and other nonalcoholic drinks; syrups and other preparations for making beverages;
(33) Wines, spirits, and liqueurs; and
(34) Tobacco, raw or manufactured; smokers' articles; matches;
The classes of services are as follows:
(35) Advertising and business;
(36) Insurance and financial;
(37) Construction and repair;
(38) Communication;
(39) Transportation and storage;
(40) Material treatment;
(41) Education and entertainment;
(42) Computer, scientific, and legal;
(43) Hotels and restaurants;
(44) Medical, beauty, and agricultural; and
(45) Personal.
Source: SL 1955, ch 232, § 9; SDC Supp 1960, § 51.0909; SL 1980, ch 264, § 10; SL 1995, ch 229; SL 2006, ch 203, § 1.
Get Chapter 37-6
Back to Chapter 37-6

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Oct 11, 2021 - Technology
Activision's investigators now feuding
Stephen Totilo, author of Axios Gaming
Photo: NurPhoto/Getty Images
Two of the governmental organizations suing Activision are now fighting each other in court.
Driving the news: On Thursday, California's Department of Fair Employment and Housing said it objected to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission's planned harassment lawsuit settlement with Activision Blizzard.
A day later, the EEOC filed its opposition to California's move. The pushback isn't surprising, given the EEOC wanted to settle with Activision.
But the details are a twist: The EEOC says California's lawyers opposing the settlement are former EEOC lawyers who were "intimately involved" in the EEOC's investigation. It says those lawyers' shouldn't be allowed to oppose the settlement.
Between the lines: Exhibits included with the EEOC's Friday filing shows some drama.
The EEOC said it had agreed to divide investigative duties with California: EEOC pursuing harassment claims, California focused on pay and promotion issues.
The EEOC says it was caught off guard by the scope of California's sweeping July lawsuit against Activision.
On the other end, California's DFEH complained to the EEOC that its planned settlement was too small.
What's next: It's unclear what will come of the agencies' feud, but it adds complexity to the forthcoming decision a judge needs to make about whether to approve the settlement.


text:
//
//  WRTopicDetailViewController.m
//  WeRock
//
//  Created by ZYVincent on 15/4/30.
//  Copyright (c) 2015年 ZYProSoft. All rights reserved.
//

#import "WRTopicDetailViewController.h"
#import "WRTopicDetailCell.h"
#import "WRTopicReplyCell.h"
#import "WRTopicReplyFloorListViewController.h"
#import "WRTopicManager.h"

@interface WRTopicDetailViewController ()<UITableViewDataSource,UITableViewDelegate,WRTopicDetailCellDelegate,WRTopicReplyCellDelegate>

@property (nonatomic,strong)NSMutableArray *sourceArray;

@property (nonatomic,strong)WRTopicManager *topicManager;

@property (nonatomic,strong)WRTopicContentModel *contentModel;

@property (nonatomic,strong)UITableView *detailTable;

@end

@implementation WRTopicDetailViewController

- (instancetype)initWithTopic:(WRTopicContentModel *)topic
{
    if (self = [super init]) {

        self.contentModel = topic;

    }
    return self;
}

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];

    self.topicManager = [[WRTopicManager alloc]init];

    [self setStrNavTitle:@"帖子详情"];

    self.sourceArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc]init];

    /* 对话列表 */
    self.detailTable = [[UITableView alloc]init];
    self.detailTable.dataSource = self;
    self.detailTable.delegate = self;
    self.detailTable.backgroundColor = [WRGuideStyle mainBackgroundColor];
    self.detailTable.separatorStyle = UITableViewCellSeparatorStyleNone;
    self.detailTable.frame = (CGRect){0,0,GJCFSystemScreenWidth,GJCFSystemScreenHeight  - 44 - 20};
    [self.view addSubview:self.detailTable];

    [self requestTopicDetail];
    [self requestTopicReply];
}

#pragma mark - tableView Delegate DataSource

- (NSInteger)numberOfSectionsInTableView:(UITableView *)tableView
{
    return 1;
}

- (NSInteger)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView numberOfRowsInSection:(NSInteger)section
{
    return [self.sourceArray count];
}

- (UITableViewCell *)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView cellForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath
{
    WRTopicBaseContentModel *baseModel = [self.sourceArray objectAtIndex:indexPath.row];

    if (baseModel.contentType == WRTopicContentTypeTopic) {

        static NSString *DetailCellIdentifier = @"DetailCellIdentifier";

        WRTopicDetailCell *detailCell = (WRTopicDetailCell *)[tableView dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier:DetailCellIdentifier];

        if (!detailCell) {
            detailCell = [[WRTopicDetailCell alloc]initWithStyle:UITableViewCellStyleDefault reuseIdentifier:DetailCellIdentifier];
            detailCell.delegate = self;
        }
        [detailCell setTopicContent:[self.sourceArray objectAtIndex:indexPath.row]];

        return detailCell;

    }else{

        static NSString *ReplyCellIdentifier = @"ReplyCellIdentifier";

        WRTopicReplyCell *replyCell = (WRTopicReplyCell *)[tableView dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier:ReplyCellIdentifier];

        if (!replyCell) {
            replyCell = [[WRTopicReplyCell alloc]initWithStyle:UITableViewCellStyleDefault reuseIdentifier:ReplyCellIdentifier];
            replyCell.delegate = self;
        }
        [replyCell setReply:[self.sourceArray objectAtIndex:indexPath.row]];

        return replyCell;
    }
}

- (CGFloat)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView heightForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath
{
    if (indexPath.row == 0) {

        WRTopicContentModel *contentModel = [self.sourceArray objectAtIndex:indexPath.row];

        return contentModel.contentHeight;

    }else{

        WRTopicReplyContentModel *contentModel = [self.sourceArray objectAtIndex:indexPath.row];

        return contentModel.contentHeight;
    }
}

- (void)topicReplyCellNeedCheckMoreFloor:(WRTopicReplyCell *)replyCell
{
    NSIndexPath *indexPath = [self.detailTable indexPathForCell:replyCell];

    WRTopicReplyContentModel *contentModel = [self.sourceArray objectAtIndex:indexPath.row];

    WRTopicReplyFloorListViewController *floorListVC = [[WRTopicReplyFloorListViewController alloc]initWithReply:contentModel];
    [[WRStackManager shareManager]pushViewController:floorListVC animated:YES];
}

- (void)topicDetailCellNeedUpdateContentHeight:(WRTopicDetailCell *)cell withNewContentHeight:(CGFloat)height
{
    NSIndexPath *indexPath = [NSIndexPath indexPathForRow:0 inSection:0];

    WRTopicContentModel *contentModel = [self.sourceArray firstObject];
    contentModel.contentHeight = height;

    [self.sourceArray replaceObjectAtIndex:0 withObject:contentModel];
    [self.detailTable reloadRowsAtIndexPaths:@[indexPath] withRowAnimation:UITableViewRowAnimationAutomatic];
}

- (void)topicReplyCell:(WRTopicReplyCell *)replyCell needUpdateContentHeight:(CGFloat)contentHeight
{
    NSIndexPath *indexPath = [self.detailTable indexPathForCell:replyCell];

    WRTopicReplyContentModel *contentModel = [self.sourceArray objectAtIndex:indexPath.row];
    contentModel.contentHeight = contentHeight;

}

- (void)requestTopicDetail
{
    WRTopicModel *topic = [[WRTopicModel alloc]init];
    topic.tid = self.contentModel.tid;

    GJCFWeakSelf weakSelf = self;
    [self.topicManager getTopicDetail:topic withResult:^(BOOL status, NSArray *resultModelArray, NSString *msg) {

        if (status) {

            GJCFAsyncMainQueue(^{

                [weakSelf detailWithTopic:[resultModelArray objectAtIndex:0]];

            });
        }

    }];
}

- (void)detailWithTopic:(WRTopicModel *)topic
{
    WRTopicContentModel *contentModel = [[WRTopicContentModel alloc]init];
    contentModel.titleString = [WRTopicStyle formateTitle:topic.title];
    contentModel.timeString = [WRTopicStyle formateTime:topic.postTime];
    contentModel.summaryString = [WRTopicStyle formateContent:topic.content];
    contentModel.picArray = topic.pictures;
    contentModel.headUrl = topic.avatar;
    contentModel.tid = topic.tid;
    contentModel.nameString = [WRTopicStyle formateNameString:topic.userName];
    contentModel.replyCountString = [WRTopicStyle formateReplyCount:topic.comments];
    WRTopicDetailCell *topicCell = [[WRTopicDetailCell alloc]initWithStyle:UITableViewCellStyleDefault reuseIdentifier:nil];
    [topicCell setTopicContent:contentModel];
    contentModel.contentHeight = [topicCell contentHeight];

    [self.sourceArray insertObject:contentModel atIndex:0];
    [self.detailTable reloadData];
}

- (void)requestTopicReply
{
    WRTopicModel *topic = [[WRTopicModel alloc]init];
    topic.tid = self.contentModel.tid;

    WRConditionModel *condition = [[WRConditionModel alloc]init];

    GJCFWeakSelf weakSelf = self;
    [self.topicManager getTopicReplyList:topic withCondition:condition withResult:^(BOOL status, NSArray *resultModelArray, NSString *msg) {

        GJCFAsyncMainQueue(^{

            [weakSelf detailWithReplyList:resultModelArray];

        });

    }];
}

- (void)detailWithReplyList:(NSArray *)replyList
{
    for (NSDictionary *item in replyList) {

        WRTopicReplyContentModel *replyModel = [[WRTopicReplyContentModel alloc]init];
        replyModel.userName = [WRTopicStyle formateNameString:item[@"username"]];
        replyModel.avatar = [WRHttpUitil serverPicUrl:item[@"avatar"]];
        replyModel.timeString = [WRTopicStyle formateTime:item[@"posttime"]];
        replyModel.content = [WRTopicStyle formateContent:item[@"content"]];
        replyModel.floors = item[@"floor"];
        replyModel.pid = item[@"pid"];

        NSMutableArray *combinePicUrls = [NSMutableArray array];
        for (NSString *url in [item objectForKey:@"pictures"]) {

            NSString *combineUrl = url;
            if ([url hasPrefix:WRServerSubPath]) {
                combineUrl  = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"http://www.lulingshuo.com%@",url];
            }else{
                combineUrl =  [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@%@",WRServerHost,url];
            }
            [combinePicUrls addObject:combineUrl];
        }
        replyModel.pictures = combinePicUrls;

        WRTopicReplyCell *replyCell = [[WRTopicReplyCell alloc]initWithStyle:UITableViewCellStyleDefault reuseIdentifier:nil];
        [replyCell setReply:replyModel];
        replyModel.contentHeight = [replyCell contentHeight];

        [self.sourceArray addObject:replyModel];
    }

    [self.detailTable reloadData];
}

@end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
World Beats Dance Spirit Week Comes to a Close
Andrea Lugo, Reporter|March 17, 2016
HLC performance at the World Beats Dance.
World Beats Dance Spirit Week came to a close last Friday with West Potomac's first ever World Languages Dance. Unlike Homecoming or Prom, the music primarily played was in Spanish, as well as French and Hindi.
"We were nervous that not too many [students] were going to buy tickets, that only a few [would participate] in the spirit week, and that the idea of a dance with – what students thought would be – unfamiliar music was not too appealing to the students, so I wasn't sure how much fun everyone was going to have," said Spanish teacher Brittany White.
Much to her surprise, over 100 people attended the dance.
"I didn't expect so many people to show up," said junior Rachel Brautigam, Co-President of Spanish Club.
A large number of the attendees were members of language clubs and honor societies. Senior Alex White, however, isn't in a world language, but decided he wanted to go to spend time with friends.
"I just wanted to let loose and dance with my friends," said White.
Spanish Teacher Yamalie Colon first decided to organize the dance to provide a place for students to have fun and dance to different styles of music.
"We wanted students to feel comfortable and be open to sharing their cultures in a fun atmosphere," Colon said.
The planning process, however, was not smooth sailing.
"It was a lot of work, but so worth it. Of course money was a concern, but it all worked out and we had support from the administration and PTSA," said Colon.
Around the middle of the dance, the Hispanic Leadership Club performed Bachata, Samba, and Reggaeton routines.
"The dance was Ms. De Gatica's idea and the prep was amazing," said junior Monica Castro, who is on the Hispanic Leadership Club's Dance Team. "It was fun, we laughed, we joked around, and the dance was amazing. I had so much fun moving to the music. The way we performed was the best we had the done the routine."
As to plans for future dances, Colon said next year's dance is already being planned. She said that she hopes for involvement and support of other departments as well.
school dances
world beats dance
world beats spirit week


text:
Sciades herzbergii is een straalvinnige vis uit de familie van christusvissen (Ariidae), orde meervalachtigen (Siluriformes), die voorkomt in de binnenwateren van Zuid-Amerika, het westen en het zuidwesten van de Atlantische Oceaan.

Anatomie
Sciades herzbergii kan maximaal 54 cm lang en 1500 gram zwaar worden. Van de zijkant gezien heeft het lichaam van de vis een langgerekte vorm, van bovenaf gezien is de vorm het best te typeren als cirkelvormig. De kop is duidelijk convex. De ogen zijn normaal van vorm en zijn symmetrisch. De mond zit aan de onderkant van de kop.

De vis heeft geen zijlijn, De vis heeft twee rugvinnen.

Leefwijze
Sciades herzbergii komt zowel in zoet, zout als brak water voor en is gebonden aan een tropisch klimaat. De soort is voornamelijk te vinden in kustwateren (zoals estuaria, lagunes en brakke zeeën), zeeën en ondiepe wateren (zoals mangroven, moerassen en ondergelopen grond).
Het dieet van de vis bestaat hoofdzakelijk uit dierlijk voedsel. Hij eet macrofauna en jaagt op andere vis (het is een roofvis).

Relatie tot de mens
Sciades herzbergii is voor de visserij van beperkt commercieel belang. De soort komt niet voor op de Rode Lijst van de IUCN.

Externe link
Foto's van Sciades herzbergii op FishBase

Ariidae

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


If a picture is worth a thousand words, a photo is worth more when potential guests are looking for a vacation rental. Photos are so important, we advocate hiring an experienced real-estate photographer to make your properties look their best. Like buying luggage or anything meant to last, it's an investment. Nine times out of ten, that investment will pay for itself several times over as your conversion and revenue improve.
Companies like our friends at TruPlace, for example, have some cool tech that can help your properties come alive. And really, why shouldn't renters expect the same 3D or walkthrough-type experiences they've seen shopping for homes or apartments? These kinds of experiences suggest that you're sophisticated and savvy, and therefore that the rental experience will be as well.
However, it's not always possible. Sometimes you don't have access to skilled photographers. Maybe you shot the photos of other properties in your portfolio already and want to at least stay consistent for a new one. And maybe you just can't afford it. These are all perfectly legit reasons to try and go it alone.
The good news is, modern photographic gear, including higher-end smartphones, can do amazing things. If you've decided to go it alone, then the least we can do is save you some research time by offering up a few tips to help you nail the thing that most amateur photographers screw up: Lighting.
Light is the only reason we see anything at all. Colors, reflections, shading, and anything that makes the world around us look beautiful is a result of light playing across the visible spectrum. Photography is basically the art and science of capturing light.
A digital camera works in much the same way as cameras always have. A lens projects a scene onto a sensor, which passes a digitized version of the image to media like an SD card. Everything about a camera's "standard" settings, from ISO to aperture to shutter speed, controls the light that hits the sensor.
In general, the smaller and less expensive the camera, the more it will do automatically. The average point-and-shoot, and most smartphone cameras, have limited manual features. This makes sense; in most cases, a photo that is mostly in focus with halfway decent lighting is good enough for Facebook or showing pictures of your kids on your phone.
If you don't remember anything else from this article, remember that "good enough" simply isn't good enough for listings. Your properties have to do much of the selling themselves, and like any other "product," the quality of the artwork says something about the quality of your offering.
A big advantage to DIY property photography is that time is on your side. If the lighting isn't good one day, you can wait for another. If you schedule a photographer, you might have to take what you can get.
Natural lighting isn't just the cheapest way to take property photos — it also happens to be the best. Ideal daytime shooting conditions include bright, diffuse light like you get on an overcast (but not rainy) day. If it's very sunny, the hour after sunrise and the hour before sunset are your best bets. In general, you want to avoid conditions that produce harsh shadows, like direct sunlight.
On the day of your shoot, open all the shades and windows you can in the space, particularly if the walls and furniture have darker tones or rough surfaces (such as unfinished wood). If it's very bright outside, some window treatments can help diffuse the light and make it softer. Your goal is to make it as bright as possible without having harsh highlights, beams, or shadows.
Before you shoot an interior space, understand where the light will be at the time of the shoot. On an overcast day, it's a bit less important, but generally you want the strongest source of light to be behind or above you, or to the sides. If light is streaming through a window and you can't diffuse it with the shades, make sure you're shooting from a position near the same side of the room as the window.
The best place for the camera is on a tripod, roughly at eye level, in a corner of the room. You'll want to aim toward the far (diagonal) corner to maximize the room dimensions. For smaller rooms, like bedrooms or studies, including the (open) door in the frame helps the viewer see beyond into the larger space, giving them a better sense of where the room is in the house.
When you set a camera to "automatic," you're basically telling it to balance light across the subject as evenly as possible. This is called metering. It bases this on the strongest source of light in the frame. If you point the camera toward a window on a sunny day, for example, you'll notice that the camera darkens the entire image so that the scene through the window looks clear. In so doing, the areas around the window turn dark. Shift the center of the frame to those areas, and the window will become very bright. If it's somewhere in between, then neither the window nor the surrounding areas will get enough light.
There are two ways around this problem. The first is to simply make sure the room is brightly lit throughout if possible. The other is a dual exposure: take one image based on the light strength, or luminance, of the room and another based on the strongest light source, then combine them later using Photoshop or a similar program. This article has many lovely examples of well-executed dual exposures that have been composited into one image.
Just because a photo looks good on a 2-inch LED screen doesn't mean it will look good on a listing. Unless you're a real whiz with your camera settings, you'll probably have to fix some stuff. This is another area where a pro can add value. But fortunately, there are free and inexpensive tools to help.
Photoshop is the granddaddy of all photo-editing applications, but it is expensive. Our favorite web-based alternatives are Pixlr and Photopea, which are ad-supported and free to use. They don't quite have all the bells and whistles of Photoshop, but they have everything you're likely to use.
The three main lighting fixes to know are exposure, temperature, and compositing.
If an image is just a bit too dark or bright overall, it may mean it was under- or over-exposed. Adding an exposure adjustment layer and moving the exposure slider around might be all you need to do to bring that luminance up a few notches. The same goes for coaxing out detail from shadows or highlights. Tutorials abound on this sort of thing.
Compositing requires the most technical skill, but if you know photo editing a bit, it can come in very handy. Whenever you want a bright area and a darker area to appear evenly lit, take two photos from the exact same place and zoom level, one with the exposure based on the bright area and one based on the darker areas. Then, bring both photos into your editor as separate layers, masking out the parts you don't want to see (or inverting the mask for areas you want to keep). This way, you can make an evenly lit photo that more closely matches what the human eye sees.
While DIY property photography has its pitfalls, the good news is that a little bit of know-how can save you a bundle. Understanding how ample, pleasing light can enliven even the plainest of spaces will give you a leg up on the many other DIY-ers who rely on OTAs to drive the bulk of their business. And like anything else, the more you do it, the better you'll get at it. Not only will your property photos improve, but so will the ones you take for fun.
Translating the complexities of vacation rental inventory into high performing listings that drive bookings.


text:
Single-server video security system centralizes IP, analog device management
Aventura Technologies' "Command Center In-a-Box" integrates security, communications and notification functionality on a common operating platform, and displays information via an enterprise-wide video wall.
Aventura Technologies, Inc. (Hauppauge, NY) recently introduced its patent-pending, single-server total situational awareness platform for advanced security video management. Dubbed "Command Center In-a-Box", the system integrates a host of security, communications and notification functionality on a common operating platform unified into a single server system, which displays the information via an enterprise-wide video wall array.
Providing centralized information and hardware management, the Command Center In-a-Box system unifies Aventura's DVR, NVR, CMS, PSIM, analytics, intrusion and mass notification software, while leveraging a series of large-scale, high-density "smart" processors to manage all sub-systems. The system possesses native universal support for both IP and analog devices from a variety of manufacturers such as Axis, Panasonic, Sony, JVC, Canon and others.
Video input and output support includes HD, DVI, RGB/VGA, SDI, Component, S-Video and Composite in 24-bit image quality. The system's graphics processors provide multi-resolution, multi-codec, multi-transport support, allowing synchronization and display of disparate devices in a variety of formats. The system enables visualization and collaboration via graphical user interface and may be accessed, shared and controlled by network devices with proper permission. System security meets FIPS and USGCB standards and includes network isolation capabilities. Real-time event logging provides a clear and concise audit trail history.
"Command Center In-a-Box answers the mail of security and safety management concerns," comments Jack Cabasso, managing director of sales for Aventura Technologies. "The concern we often hear from end users and channel partners is the challenge of integrating and managing disparate systems, which lack common standards. Command Center In-a-Box is a true open architecture platform designed to work with third-party solutions."
For more information, visit www.aventuracctv.com.
Search for Security Products in the Cabling Installation & Maintenance Buyer's Guide
AV over Twisted-Pair
Are You Ready for Wi-Fi 6?
Live video monitoring for edge data centers
AEM Best Under a Billion
NTT Com develops Indonesia's largest data center


text:
Raymond Ally, looking to dominate Group 2A
Jul 18, 2009 Sports
Raymond Ally
Since his introduction to the sport four years ago, Group 2A driver Raymond Ally has improved leaps and bounds and in an interview with Kaieteur Sport Thursday said that with the acquisition of a brand new engine, he intends to sweep the series, when the Guyana Motor Racing & Sports Clubs holds its July 26 'Second Round of Champions' Meeting at the South Dakota Circuit.
Ally, who started out as a rookie at the 2005 November Meet, has since made steady progress in the sport and is now rated as one of the most formidable competitors in the 2A category.
"I was very consistent in the rookie division where I gained a few second and third places, but my first victory came in the 2A group and this is because the cars are evenly matched and everyone is extremely competitive," Ally told this newspaper.
The tall bespectacled driver, who pilots a Corolla AE 91, has decided to install a 4AGE engine, which he revealed will give him more power on the straights and increase his chances of doing well.
"I made the decision to change the engine because many of the other drivers' cars definitely had more power in a straight line and this advantage made it difficult for me to dominate them," Ally said. Questioned on who are some of his opponents to respect, Ally mentioned Chet Singh, Syed Hassan and veteran Jad Rahaman as among his main threats.
"Singh is one of the most competitive drivers in the group and someone who works on his machine to bring it to optimum performance and that is why he has one of the most reliable cars," Ally stated.
Asked what he needed to tilt the odds in his favour, he disclosed that with the new engine and some fresh tyres, he believes he will feature among the top.
Young Ally said that it was his father Amar who first introduced him to the sport and is still his biggest supporter and sponsor.
He is the proprietor of Amar's Machinery & Friendship Service Station on the East Bank of Demerara.
He has also enjoyed the support of Castrol Guyana.


text:
Courier Post
Jury deadlocks over paralyzed man's lawsuit against Camden County police
Jim Walsh, Cherry Hill Courier-Post
March 30, 2022, 3:23 PM ·4 min read
CAMDEN - A federal jury has deadlocked over a lawsuit brought by Xavier Ingram, a former city man who claimed he was paralyzed during a June 2014 arrest by Camden County Police Department officers, according to attorneys in the case.
U.S. District Judge Juan Sanchez declared the impasse Tuesday after both sides had clashed sharply in a weeks-long trial over an incident that left Ingram a quadriplegic.
Police alleged Ingram, then 21, slipped and injured himself while running from officers on a rain-slicked street near 7th and Chestnut streets in Camden.
Ingram contended an officer, Jeremy Merck, stepped on his neck after he fell, causing his paralysis. He asserted two other officers — Nicholas Marchiafava and Antonio Genetta — assaulted him and then mishandled him after his injury.
More: Bellmawr gym owner, a congressional hopeful, faces DWI charge
Also: Animal-food maker Bravo Packing to halt production until it meets safety standards
An image from a surveillance camera shows the scene at 7th and Chestnut streets where Xavier Ingram was paralyzed after fleeing from Camden County Police in June 2014.
But Ingram's lawsuit contends Camden County Police Department Officer Jeremy Merck stepped on his neck after he fell, causing injuries that left him a quadriplegic. It alleges two other officers — Nicholas Marchiafava and Antonio Genetta. — assaulted Ingram, then mishandled him after his injury, worsening his condition.
The night-time incident was recorded on a grainy surveillance video.
The two sides also differed over whether Ingram had dropped a gun and was in possession of drugs before fleeing from officers.
Another point of dispute: Then-Camden County Police Chief Scott Thomson one day after the arrest said Ingram's "tragic injury appears to be an accident of his own accord," and that police had "displayed composure" and sought medical assistance for the injured man.
Ingram's lawsuit contended that comment and other actions by law enforcement officers were part of a civil conspiracy to cover up police wrongdoing.
But Camden County spokesman Dan Keashen asserted Ingram's claims were "pure fiction and most of this jury saw that this case included absolutely no physical activity from the officers after the suspect fell and was tragically injured."
"The facts still remain crystal clear that CCPD officers pursued Xavier Ingram because they saw him hiding a gun on the ground between two parked cars in a high-crime area. While running away from officers representing the agency, and without being touched by a police officer, Ingram fell on wet asphalt and severely injured himself," Keashen said in a statement.
He also noted unanimity is required to reach a verdict in a federal jury trial "and we strongly believe this jury was deadlocked because one or more jurors held out."
"We look forward to retrying this case in court and putting these frivolous claims to rest once and for all," said William Tambussi, an attorney for the county.
Beth Baldinger, a Roseland, Essex County, lawyer representing Ingram, had noted the apparent impasse Friday when she asked the judge to allow a partial verdict in the case.
Baldinger said that option, "should the jury continue to be deadlocked," would secure a "just, speedy, and inexpensive determination" of this action.
Ingram's legal counsel — attorneys Beth Baldinger and Cory Rothbort of Roseland, Essex County — addressed the case's outcome in a statement Wednesday.
"Looking at their statements, Camden County attended a different trial," it said. "The jury was clearly with Plaintiff — except for a holdout or two. Despite their boastful comments that 'most of the jury' sided with them, the Defendants refused to waive unanimity and agree to our proposal to accept a verdict of 7-2 or 8-1."
"Clearly, the Defendants feared that over a majority of the jury was not buying the Defense efforts to gaslight them into believing that a healthy 20-year old could suffer catastrophic neck injuries described as a near 'internal decapitation' resulting in quadriplegia simply by falling on his backside from 3 feet," it continued.
"The objective, credible medical evidence — as testified to by nationally renowned experts in orthopedic surgery and biomechanics, confirmed Mr. Ingram's injuries were the result of Camden County Police Department officers forcefully putting a knee in Mr. Ingram's neck and then stepping down on his neck."
"This may have been one of the most one-sided cases our firm has ever tried," the statement said. "We look forward to the retrial."
Ingram, currently a resident of a Hammonton nursing facility, testified from a hospital bed during the trial, which began Feb. 28.
Jurors began deliberations on March 23.
The jury considered claims that included excessive force, the failure to provide adequate medical care, and the county's failure to adequately train and supervise its police officers.
In the wake of the trial, Keashen asserted Camden County's police department "has one of the most aggressive accountability and oversight professional standards bureaus in the nation."
He said the county prosecutor's office reviews all excessive force complaints for criminality "and exactly three were filed by the public last year."
Jim Walsh covers public safety, economic development and other beats for the Courier-Post, Burlington County Times and The Daily Journal.
Support local journalism with a subscription.
This article originally appeared on Cherry Hill Courier-Post: Xavier Ingram, Camden County police split over paralysis claim
Rob's Weather Forecast Part 1 10pm 02-01-23
Montpelier Ice on Fire festival returns
WPTZ - Burlington/Plattsburgh


However, the Southeast Asian gaming market is showing a quite lucrative potential, including Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.
This game producer logged two and a half million unique users with their mobile game called Infinite Sky.
Gamers in China have been gaming longer and often continue to embrace the mmorpgs, which are typically generating higher revenue.As a result, we increased our previous 2016 online casino roulette trick video mobile revenue estimates for China from.0 billion.2 billion.Newzoo expects the segment to generate.5 billion in 2017, a year-on-year decrease.3.We see the same trend in emea, which we expect to reach.2 billion in 2017.The fact is user behavior changes when regions become saturated with.
Mobile revenues on the rise as Chinese giants continue to grow.
Newzoos methodology and terminologies here.56 of people own a smart phone and 50 spielautomaten gebraucht kaufen dortmund of mobile phone users actually use their phones as their primary source for Internet access.The reason it is so easy to do this is due to the accessibility of 4G mobile devices.The PC and console game markets will generate.4 billion and.5 billion in 2017, respectively.Learn more about how Statista can support your business.People in the US find themselves watching an extra hour of video every day.Given the pace of the developments in the games industry, Newzoo reviews its conclusions and assumptions every quarter, considering newly available data and insights.Touchten, a game producer in Indonesia, is one example having a key market filled with a large, young population.Furthermore, we decided to merge handheld console gaming and TV console gaming into one console segment.The largest and the fastest growing gaming market in the world is reported to be the Asia-Pacific region.Asia-Pacific is by far the largest region, with China expected to generate.5 billion, or one-quarter of all revenues in 2017.


There is no Dojo listed in Easington. This page shows 20 Martial Arts Schools found within 28 Miles of Easington. Based on the information available from these Dojos, Tae Kwon Do, Karate, Kick Boxing, ITF TaekwonDo, Tang Soo Do, Shotokan Karate & TaekwonDo are the most offered Martial Arts in Easington area. Most of these schools offer self defense classes for men, women and children near Easington.
Chart based on information available from Martial Arts Schools in Easington area.
Distance is shown approximately from the downtown area of Easington. For a list of Martial Arts Schools near you, Search with your complete address. Click on a Dojo name to view details. Clicking on 'Map' next to a Dojo will show the school on the Map.
See Martial Arts Schools in places nearby Easington: Loftus, Danby, Saltburn-by-the-Sea, Marske-by-the-Sea & Guisborough.
Are you associated with a Martial Arts School, Club or Dojo in the Easington area? Please make sure it is listed with dojos.co.uk.


text:
Q: Calculate base effect based on month to month changes in R Let's say we have a sample dataframe df which is a fake CPI data having date and MoM columns, I need to calculate base_effect and new_price_effect based on them:
       date    MoM  base_effect  new_price_effect
0   2019-01  1.010          NA               NA
1   2019-02  1.010          NA               NA
2   2019-03  1.010          NA               NA
3   2019-04  1.010          NA               NA
4   2019-05  1.010          NA               NA
5   2019-06  1.010          NA               NA
6   2019-07  1.010          NA               NA
7   2019-08  1.010          NA               NA
8   2019-09  1.010          NA               NA
9   2019-10  1.010          NA               NA
10  2019-11  1.010          NA               NA
11  2019-12  1.010          NA               NA
12  2020-01  1.015     1.115668          1.015000
13  2020-02  1.015     1.104622          1.030225
14  2020-03  1.015     1.093685          1.045678
15  2020-04  1.015     1.082857          1.061364
16  2020-05  1.015     1.072135          1.077284
17  2020-06  1.015     1.061520          1.093443
18  2020-07  1.015     1.051010          1.109845
19  2020-08  1.015     1.040604          1.126493
20  2020-09  1.015     1.030301          1.143390
21  2020-10  1.015     1.020100          1.160541
22  2020-11  1.015     1.010000          1.177949
23  2020-12  1.015     1.000000          1.195618

Or:
structure(list(date = c("2019-1-1", "2019-2-1", "2019-3-1", "2019-4-1",
"2019-5-1", "2019-6-1", "2019-7-1", "2019-8-1", "2019-9-1", "2019-10-1",
"2019-11-1", "2019-12-1", "2020-1-1", "2020-2-1", "2020-3-1",
"2020-4-1", "2020-5-1", "2020-6-1", "2020-7-1", "2020-8-1", "2020-9-1",
"2020-10-1", "2020-11-1", "2020-12-1"), MoM = c(1.01, 1.01, 1.01,
1.01, 1.01, 1.01, 1.01, 1.01, 1.01, 1.01, 1.01, 1.01, 1.015,
1.015, 1.015, 1.015, 1.015, 1.015, 1.015, 1.015, 1.015, 1.015,
1.015, 1.015)), class = "data.frame", row.names = c(NA, -24L))

The calculation of base_effect is based on the following formula:

ie: to calculate base effect of 2020-06, we use MoM(2019-07) * MoM(2019-08) * MoM(2019-09) * MoM(2019-10) * MoM(2019-11) * MoM(2019-12) = 1.061520, for 2020-09, MoM(2019-10) * MoM(2019-11) * MoM(2019-12) = 1.030301
The new_price_effect is based on:

ie: to calculate new price effect of 2020-04, we use MoM(2020-01) * MoM(2020-02) * MoM(2020-03) * MoM(2020-04) = 1.061364; for 2020-06, MoM(2020-01) * MoM(2020-02) * MoM(2020-03) * MoM(2020-04) * MoM(2020-05) * MoM(2020-06) = 1.093443, etc.
We can see for base_effect, the MoM of December of previous year is fixed, while for new_price_effect, the MoM of January of current year is fixed. And the base effect of for each December is always 1.00.
How could I calculate them with R? Thanks.
Reference:
Calculate base effect based on month to month changes in Pandas

A: The following code gives the desired result. It is based on cumprod(MoM) grouped by year, with a few additional tricks
library(tidyverse)
library(lubridate)

df = df %>%
  as_tibble() %>%
  mutate(date=as.Date(date), year=year(date), month=month(date)) %>%
  arrange(year,month)

warning("This only works if df is complete (no missing month). If not, first tidyr::complete()")
df = df %>% mutate(MoM_prev_year=lag(MoM, 12))

df = df %>%
  group_by(year) %>%
  mutate(
    new_price_effect = cumprod(MoM),
    base_effect = rev(cumprod(rev(MoM_prev_year)))/MoM_prev_year
  ) %>%
  ungroup()

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
A CALL FOR THE G20 LEADERS: GLOBAL COORDINATION CRITICAL TO DEFEAT COVID-19
25 March 2020, Spain is in its second week of confinement, where 47,610 cases of COVID-19 disease have been recorded, from which there have been 3,434 deaths and 5,367 people have recovered. The global pandemic, which started in China, spread rapidly to other parts of the world. As of today, globally there are 459,793 COVID-19 cases, with 20,822 deaths and 113,776 recoveries (and the numbers are increasing every hour). After China (mainly in Hubei Province), the virus propagated in Italy (mainly in the North) and then spread to the whole country, continued to Spain and to the other European countries. The contagion of the disease carried on to the Middle East, Africa and all parts of the globe. Testing has been lacking in low and middle-income countries, where health systems are relatively weak compared to high-income countries.
Diversity of the banking sector revisited: Why does it matter post-financial crisis?
Countercyclical Regulation in Solvency II: Merits and Flaws
A Three-Pillar Firepower to Solve the European Sovereign Crisis: A last chance!
Supporting the challenges of democratic transition in Tunisia: A call for prompt action from the G8
The Tunisian Revolution: An Opportunity for Democratic Transition


text:
carmirrorbazar (24819)
685RC FOR 99-05 Audi A4 A6 A8 S4 S6 S8 Mirror Glass Passenger Side RH + ADHESIVE
1 available / 318 sold / See feedback
ApproximatelyRM 79.18
Located in: Niagara Falls, New York, United States
Last updated on Jan 10, 2023 00:21:36 MYTView all revisionsView all revisions
New: A vehicle is considered new if it is purchased directly from a new car franchise dealer and has ...
New: A vehicle is considered new if it is purchased directly from a new car franchise dealer and has not yet been registered and issued a title. New vehicles are covered by a manufacturer's new car warranty and are sold with a window sticker (also known as a "Monroney Sticker") and a Manufacturer's Statement of Origin. These vehicles have been driven only for demonstration purposes and should be in excellent running condition with a pristine interior and exterior. See the seller's listing for full details. See all condition definitionsopens in a new window or tab
CarMirrorBazar
685RC
Diagonal Measure (Longest)::
7 15/16 inch = 20.2 cm
Premium Double-Sided Stick Pad Provided
Niagara Falls, New York, United States
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Information for Establishments where Engineering Graduates, Technician & Technician (Vocational) Apprentice are engaged under the Apprentice Act 1961 amended by the Apprentices (Amendment) Act 1973 & 1986.
Establishment/Employers are required to engage specified number of Engineering Graduate, Technician (Diploma Holder) & Technician (Vocational) Apprentices as notified by the Board's office. The required number of Apprentice must be in position always.
The period of Apprenticeship for each Apprentice being one year, a fresh batch of Apprentices must be engaged every year. Their results are declared from Technical institutions sometimes in June/July. The scheme year is assumed to start on 1st Aug every year.
The employers can engage an Apprentice who is qualified as per the provisions of the Act by making their own arrangements for selection. However, it is suggested that they associate in the interviews/selections arranged by the Board to avoid delay in fulfilling their obligation.
The Board sends application forms to all the Technical Institutions for use by freshly passed out student desirous of training under the Act interviews are arranged at various centers where employers desirous of associations in the selections are invited. In a large number of cases the employers desire that the Board should select Apprentices on their behalf and direct them to report to the establishments. In this coordinated manner placement takes place expeditiously and training places are offered to all candidates.
Complete Bio-data of the Apprentice engaged should be sent to the Board's Office in form Apprenticeship Contract – Registration Card within 10 days of engagement of the Apprentice (Rule 14.9 of Apprenticeship Amended Rules 1992). However, it is in the interest of employers that the Apprenticeship Contract is registered immediately on engaging the Apprentice, because Central Government share of stipend will be reimbursed only when the contract is registered.
Programme of Apprenticeship training should be prepared for each Apprentice engaged and get approved form the Board. The programme should include the period of Apprentice will spend in each section / department and the persons with whom he will be attached during this period. A record of the work done undertaken by the Apprentices (Rule 14.10 of Apprenticeship Amended Rules 1992). Shall be maintained by the employer.
i) Engineering Graduates (Post Institutional training) Rs. 4984/= per month.
ii) Technician Apprentices (Post Institutional Training) Rs. 3542/= per month.
iii) Sandwich Course Students (From Degree Institutions) Rs. 3542/= per month.
iv) Sandwich Course Students (From Diploma Institutions) Rs. 2890/= per month.
v) Technician (Vocational) Product of (10+2) Vocational Education Rs. 2758/= per month.
The Apprentices should be paid stipend in full before the 10th day of the following month and 50% of the minimum amount as Central Govt. share of stipend should be claimed from the Board at the end of each quarter. The claim for reimbursement should be sent in triplicate on the prescribed proforma available in the office of the Board.
i.) Casual leave: Casual leave shall be admissible for a maximum period of twelve days in a year.
ii.) Medical leave: Medical leave upto fifteen days for each year of training may be granted to the apprentice who is unable to attend duty owing to illness. The unused leave shall be allowed to accumulate upto a maximum of forty days.
iii.) Extra ordinary leave upto a maximum of 10 days in a year without stipend after the entire casual or medical leave has been exhausted and the employer is satisfied with genuineness of grounds on which extra ordinary leave is applied for.
iv.) A female apprentice with one surviving child may be granted maternity leave for a period of 90 days from the date of its commencement without payment of stipend and the appenticeship training period shall be extended accordingly. The monthly stipend shall be paid to the apprentice during such extended period.
Even though there is a provision for payment of compensation for termination of contract before completion of training period of one year, if all parties agree then no compensation is to be paid by any party. Also in cases where employment is not guaranteed after training, in the event of getting a suitable employment, the Apprentice may be released before completion of training period and recovery of compensation may be waived, the matter should be referred by the Board.
12. The employer should intimate the exact date of release of each Apprentice and settle the accounts immediately after the Apprentice is released.
There is no guarantee of employment after training period of one year. However, employers are requested to give preference to the Apprentice while filling regular posts. At the end of the training period Board office may be informed if the Apprentices are offered regular employment.
Proforma of Apprenticeship Contract – Registration Card (App-5), Progress report (APP-6), Re-imbursement of Govt. share of stipend are given in the Apprenticeship Rules 1992. However, these copies may be obtained from the office of the Board or can be downloaded from this portal also.


text:
Q: symfony2 @security.user.entity_manager changed name or something? Upon updating from sym2.0 to 2.3 I get the following error:
[Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\Exception\ServiceNotFoundException]
The service "security.firewall.map.context.main" has a dependency on a non-existent service "security.user.entity_manager".

Below is my firewall config:
firewalls:
    main:
        pattern: ^/
        form_login:
            provider: fos_userbundle
            csrf_provider: form.csrf_provider
            success_handler: security.authentication.success_handler
        logout:       true
        anonymous:    true

And the success handler that it refers to:
services:
    security.authentication.success_handler:
        class: %security.authentication.success_handler.class%
        public: false
        arguments:  ['@router', '@security.user.entity_manager']      #<------- Here

PS I know I'm getting the same error as this guy issue with providers and chain_provider in symfony only his was caused by some facebook login integration, I don't have that at all so seems unrelated,

A: @doctrine.orm.entity_manager is what the entity manager service should be in 2.3

A: I had the same problem and realized it ocurred because the service was into a bundle that extends FosUserBundle. Try adding any other service in success_handler. If error changes, this could be the cause.


text:
'use strict';

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const spawn = require('child_process').spawn;
const clearScreen = '';
let files = [];
let tid;
let lastRun;

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    process.stdout.write( clearScreen );

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        var runner = spawn( cmd, [ target ] );

        runner.stdout.on('data', function( data ) {
            process.stdout.write( data );
        });

        runner.stderr.on('data', function( data ) {
            process.stdout.write( data );
        });

        runner.on('close', function(code) {
            if (code !== 0) {
                console.log( cmd, ' did not exit correctly, code: ', code);
            }

            console.log( '------------------------------------ last run: ', new Date().toISOString() );

            tid = null;
            files.splice( 0 );
        });
    } catch (err) {
        console.log( err );
    }
};

const changeHandler = function(event, filename) {
    if (filename.endsWith( '.go') > 0) {
        console.log( 'file change: ', filename);

        files.push( filename );

        if (!tid) {
            tid = setTimeout(function() {
                run('test');
            }, 500);
        }
    }
};

fs.watch( './src', { recursive:true }, changeHandler );
fs.watch( './test', { recursive:true}, changeHandler );

process.stdout.write( clearScreen );
console.log('watching go files...');


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At PMC Calibration we strive to provide quality and customer service for our instrument calibration services and equipment calibration above all others. Select PMC as your calibration company.


As a growing number of people are diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, the need to self-manage diabetes has increased. For people who want to know more about controlling and managing their diabetes, the doctors and staff at Eau Claire Cooperative Health Center (ECCHC) can help.
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text:
Home » Publications » Stone World Magazine
Stone World Magazine
Select an archived issue 2020 December 2020 November 2020 October 2020 September 2020 August 2020 July 2020 June 2020 May 2020 April 2020 March 2020 February 2020 January 2019 December 2019 November 2019 October 2019 September 2019 August 2019 July 2019 June 2019 May 2019 April 2019 March 2019 February 2019 January 2018 December 2018 November 2018 October 2018 September 2018 August 2018 July 2018 June 2018 May 2018 April 2018 March 2018 February 2018 January 2017 December 2017 November 2017 October 2017 September 2017 August 2017 July 2017 June 2017 May 2017 April 2017 March 2017 February 2017 January 2016 December 2016 November 2016 October 2016 September 2016 August 2016 July 2016 June 2016 May 2016 April 2016 March 2016 February 2016 January 2015 December 2015 November 2015 October 2015 September 2015 August 2015 July 2015 June 2015 May 2015 April 2015 March 2015 February 2015 January 2014 December 2014 November 2014 October 2014 September 2014 August 2014 July 2014 June 2014 May 2014 April 2014 March 2014 February 2014 January 2013 December 2013 November 2013 October 2013 September 2013 August 2013 July 2013 June May 2013 2013 April 2013 March 2013 February 2013 January 2012 December 2012 November 2012 October 2012 September 2012 August 2012 July 2012 June 2012 May 2012 April 2012 March 2012 February 2012 January 2011 December 2011 November 2011 October 2011September 2011 August 2011 July 2011 June 2011 May 2011 April 2011 March 2011 February 2011 January 2010 December 2010 November 2010 October 2010 September 2010 August 2010 July 2010 June 2010 May 2010 April 2010 March 2010 February 2010 January 2009 December 2009 November 2009 October 2009 September 2009 August 2009 July 2009 June 2009 May 2009 April 2009 March 2009 February 2009 January 2008 December 2008 November 2008 October September 2008 2008 August 2008 July 2008 June 2008 May 2008 April 2008 March 2008 February 2008 January 2007 December 2007 November 2007 October 2007 September 2007 August 2007 July 2007 June 2007 May 2007 April 2007 March 2007 February 2007 January 2006 December 2006 November 2006 October 2006 September 2006 August 2006 July 2006 June 2006 May 2006 April 2006 March 2006 February 2006 January 2005 December 2005 November 2005 October 2005 September 2005 August 2005 July 2005 June 2005 May 2005 April 2005 March 2005 February 2005 January 2004 December 2004 November 2004 October 2004 September 2004 August 2004 July 2004 June 2004 May 2004 April 2004 March 2004 February 2004 January 2003 December 2003 November 2003 October 2003 September 2003 August 2003 July 2003 June 2003 May 2003 April 2003 March 2003 February 2003 January 2002 December 2002 November 2002 October 2002 September 2002 August 2002 July 2002 June 2002 May 2002 April 2002 March 2002 February 2002 January 2001 December 2001 November 2001 October 2001 September 2001 August 2001 July 2001 June 2001 May 2001 April 2001 March 2001 February 2001 January 2000 December 2000 November
In this issue of Stone World Magazine, read about the latest innovations in CNC tooling, hear about our tour of "The Stone Belt", see September's Stone of the Month and Technology Update, and much more!
Touring "The Stone Belt"
A two-day trip through the countryside of Indiana led to meeting many dedicated people in the stone industry who are devoted to the harvesting, cutting, carving and restoring of Indiana limestone, which has been used for many historic projects for centuries
Jennifer Richinelli
Recently, Stone World had the opportunity to tour this region, which remains a viable source of limestone. The quarries and mills that we visited were busy with activity – many working on multiple projects, including some high-profile ones.
Teaching the art of stone carving
While some came to further hone their skills, others were holding a hand tool for the first time during the Indiana Limestone Symposium which is held annually in Ellettsville, IN
Established in 1996 by master stone sculptors Amy Brier and Frank Young, the Indiana Limestone Symposium is founded on the Greek model of gathering for discussion and celebration and continues the tradition of sculpture symposia that is common in Europe and Asia.
Specifying Indiana limestone with the environment in mind
Jason Kamery
The Royal Alberta Museum is the largest museum in Western Canada. It originally opened in 1967 and was called, at the time, the Provincial Museum of Alberta. In 2011, construction of a completely new museum was announced and started in 2014. The museum was finished two years later in 2016.
Combining stone with technology
N ow in its 54th year, Marmomac continually expands upon its programs in keeping up with the evolving stone industry
Living in the digital age with technology at the forefront, Marmomac 2019 is stepping it up to offer attendees a virtual experience. It will be debuting its new app at this year's exhibition, which is slotted for September 25th to 28th in Verona, Italy.
Galloy & Van Etten: A century-long commitment to quality
As a fourth-generation family business that has been operating for more than 100 years, Galloy & Van Etten of Chicago, IL, is a shining example of how hard work and high standards are the key to success
My favorite thing to say about us is: 'We are not the best stone company in Chicago because we are the oldest. We are the oldest, because we are the best,'" said Tom Van Etten, when speaking about his family owned business Galloy & Van Etten, which was started in 1899.
Expanding into Texas limestone
Texas Quarries returned to its roots to provide limestone blocks to third-party fabricators
Acme Brick Company was founded in 1891 to supply brick and other high-quality building products to architects and builders.
Advancements in CNC tooling
As CNC tooling becomes more precise, fabricators must continuously educate themselves on how to use them and what new products exist
The day fabricators could use just one saw blade or one core bit is mostly over. Because of the expansion of new and different materials to the market, CNC tooling companies and suppliers have to continuously update their tools.
A glimpse of Italian stone production
This year, the Stone Fabricators Alliance (SFA) hosted its annual trip to Italy, which invites 18 members to explore various regions of the country to learn more about all aspects of the stone industry
Heather Fiore
In 2011, the Stone Fabricators Alliance (SFA) began taking a delegation of its members to various regions of Italy to learn more about all aspects of stone production. The annual trip, which welcomed 18 fabricators from all over the U.S. and Canada (and myself) this year, took place from May 3 to 11.
Stone Column: Valuing industry friendships
It only took me 23 years, but I finally made it out to visit the Indiana Limestone Belt. I'd have to say it was long overdue. A big "thank you" goes to my friend Todd Schnatzmeyer at the Indiana Limestone Institute who made my excursion possible, along with all of the companies that graciously welcomed me into their quarries and mills.
Stone Industry Perspective: How to best value your fabrication business
It should be no surprise to anyone that our market is constantly changing and we, as fabricators and business owners, have to adjust our operating models to stay innovative and competitive, but most importantly, cater to an all-knowing, multi-generational customer audience.
Stone of the Month: Naica Quartz Quartzite
This Stone of the Month is supplied by Antolini Luigi & C. of Verona, Italy. Technical details provide a frame of reference only. Because stone is a product of nature, testing to determine specific physical qualities should be repeated for each project.
Technology Update: Prodim
Prodim has been supplying complete digital templating package solutions to stone templators and fabricators for over two decades now. The Proliner measuring device has always been at the center of each package, completed by dedicated digital templating software for the stone industry.
Enhancements in CNC tooling and accessories
More options are available than ever before when it comes to CNC tooling and accessories – allowing fabricators to become more efficient in cutting natural stone and alternative surfaces.
Technology continually is evolving to keep up with customer demands. In addition to improving upon CNC tooling and accessories that are already available for cutting natural stone and quartz surfacing, manufacturers are now developing new products for cutting alternative hard surfaces such as compact sintered stone and porcelain slabs.


text:
UH finishes conference regular-season with Memphis road loss
By Armando Yanez March 6, 2022
Senior guard Kyler Edwards led the Cougars in scoring with 19 points and seven rebounds. | Armando Yanez/The Cougar
UH men's basketball capped off its conference regular-season schedule with a 75-61 defeat on the road against Memphis.
The Cougars finish the regular season with a 26-5 overall record while sitting at 15-3 in American Athletic Conference play.
Memphis' full-court press and disruptive defense posed a challenge for the UH men's basketball team to start the game as the Cougars recorded five turnovers inside the first 3:43.
The Tigers took control early as they jumped on a 7-2 run to lead 11-4 and force a Cougars timeout.
Foul trouble haunted UH early on as sophomore guard Jamal Shead, graduate guard Taze Moore and graduate forward Josh Carlton all recorded two fouls inside the first 10 minutes of the game.
Moving past the midway point in the first half, Memphis pulled away to a 28-16 lead after opening the game 3-for-4 from the 3-point line.
After UH cut the deficit to 10 points at 30-20, Memphis swung momentum back in its favor with a 12-0 run to lead 42-20 and force the Cougars to call timeout with 3:54 left in the half.
Memphis extended its lead to 20 points as it led 49-29 by halftime.
The Tigers' bench proved to be deep as they outscored the Cougars' bench 27-0 in the first half and every player on the Memphis roster recorded two points in the period.
Graduate forward Fabian White Jr. led the Cougars with nine points and two rebounds.
The second half saw both teams exchange scores and trips down the court as Memphis held on to its sizeable lead at 59-38 with 14:32 left in the period.
UH jumped out to an 8-0 run, making the score 59-46 with 11:44 left in the second half. Memphis responded to this with a 9-0 run and kept the Cougars scoreless for five minutes to extend the lead to 68-46 with 7:30 left in the game.
Late buckets by the UH men's basketball team thinned the gap to 14 points, but Memphis closed out a dominant performance as the clock hit triple-zeros.
Senior guard Kyler Edwards led UH in scoring with 19 points and seven rebounds while Moore recorded 16 points.
Tags: American Athletic Conference, Cougars, Men's Basketball, UH


Weather Nut seal for Snap N Seal RG59 & RG6 Compression Connectors – MJ Sales, Inc.
The NS500 Nut Seal is for Thomas & Betts Snap N Seal RG59 and RG6 compression connectors. The NS500 can also be used with any hex crimp type RG59 and RG6 coaxial cable connectors.


I'm having fun with the smiley animals, so here's a happy little fish for you to cut and add to your scrapbooking and cardmaking projects. He would make a great addition to a child's bedroom wall if you cut him in vinyl too! Click on the preview to download the cutting file. MTC and SVG files are included in the free download. Enjoy!


text:
'I don't have any closure,' says daughter of taxi driver killed in Toronto shooting last month
November 11, 2021 Canuck	News/Canada/Toronto
The last phone call between Vanessa Jung and her 73-year-old father Christopher ended abruptly.
The two had been chatting on the morning of Oct. 24 when suddenly he got a call on the other line.
"What a way to end our last conversation," she told CBC Toronto. "We never said goodbye; we never said I love you, it was just 'hold on.'"
Less than 12 hours later, Christopher Jung, who was working as a taxi driver, was pronounced dead in hospital after being found in his cab with multiple gunshot wounds.
"Now those words take on another meaning," says his daughter, her voice breaking. "Like, he's telling me to 'hold on' because he's not here anymore."
Police have released few details about what happened that night. They were initially called after Jung's cab suddenly crashed into a fence near the intersection of Pharmacy Avenue and Eglinton Avenue East just before 9 p.m.
Daughter of taxi driver killed in shooting remembers their last conversation
Vanessa Jung describes the final time she spoke with her father, 73-year-old Christopher Jung. He was shot and killed in Scarborough while driving a taxi on Oct. 24. 0:41
In the days that followed, a suspect was identified: a 17-year-old who police say was a passenger in the taxi and who is now wanted on a Canada-wide warrant for second-degree murder.
"This was a particularly brutal murder, a violent murder," said Det. Henry Marsman at a news conference this week.
"We're eager to take him off the streets."
'I don't have any closure'
Vanessa Jung has also started a GoFundMe to help pay for a memorial, which so far has raised just over half of its $10,000 goal. But she says the events of that evening remain clouded with confusion.
"I don't have any closure, because I don't know what happened yet," she said.
There were the long hours after her dad had failed to turn up to give a ride to his ex-partner, during which Jung called and texted, eventually turning to Beck Taxi, where her father worked.
Jung was rushed to a trauma centre in life-threatening condition after his taxi slammed into a fence. He was pronounced dead in hospital. (Christopher Langenzarde/CBC)
As the night dragged on, she tried to visit his apartment, called hospitals and filed a missing persons report. The idea that he could be the victim of violence didn't cross her mind.
"I never thought of his job as high risk. I never thought anything like this could happen," she said.
Jung says she's still processing, and hasn't fully accepted the way he died.
"The fact that this young individual, this suspect… he had access to a gun. That is probably the thing that gets me the most angry."
Jung moved to Canada in 1973
She also finds herself turning over the pieces of her dad's story she knows best.
Christopher Jung was born in Poland, and moved to Canada with Vanessa's mother in their mid 20s.
"They had to learn English, they worked various jobs, and eventually they were both working full time, taking vacations. He loved travelling," she said.
He began driving taxis in the mid-80s. Vanessa says her father was good at it and enjoyed it — especially when he could have conversations with his passengers.
In one of his most memorable stories, he wound up talking to Bob Dylan after dropping a passenger off at one of his concerts, though Vanessa said with a laugh that the details of how that came to pass are hazy.
"He told the story in bits and pieces," she said. "I know they talked about Poland."
More recently, Christopher Jung had recovered from hip surgery and waited out the pandemic before eagerly getting back to work this past October, hoping to save up some money and begin travelling again.
Vanessa Jung, born in 1982, with her father. (Submitted by Vanessa Jung)
Vanessa Jung also described a much older memory from when she was a young girl, shortly after her mother died in 1987.
Her father "cried in the car, but I hugged him and told him everything was going to be okay. I think I was told she went to heaven. That sounded pretty nice to me," she said.
Now she has a much better idea what he was going through.
"Because I've now lost him, I think I finally understand … how difficult it is to lose someone you love."
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text:
You are at:Home»COVERSTORY»WHY QUANTITATIVE REASONING IS NECESSARY FOR EFFECTIVE CITIZENSHIP
WHY QUANTITATIVE REASONING IS NECESSARY FOR EFFECTIVE CITIZENSHIP
By Nelson May 8, 2021 No Comments
The ability to think quantitatively is
essential for citizens of a democracy
By Nyatete Kenyanya
The world is full of numbers and the role played by numbers and data in contemporary society are virtually endless. An English author and historian, H.G. Wells, predicted more than one hundred years ago that quantitative reasoning would be necessary for effective citizenship. This, coupled with the study findings by the 2019 Nobel
Prize in Economics winners Abhijit Banerjee, Esther Duflo and Michael Kremer, in their novel experimental approach to tackling global poverty, should therefore be a revelation to African governments that continuously seek to fight the ever-rising poverty levels among their citizenry. The approach by the laureates, Teaching at the Right Levels (Tarl), which focuses on mathematics and reading skills for primary school pupils, is a deviation from the traditional approach to tackling poverty in developing countries of seeking foreign aid and requesting
for freeing up of trade. Their study was motivated by the realization that more than half of the pupils in the world (over 90% of them in the developing world) who leave the elementary levels of education lack concrete skills in mathematics and reading skills. This implies that school leavers in African countries lack quantitative reasoning which renders them unable to think quantitatively and analytically.
Quantitative reasoning is the numerical ability that equips people with the capacity to understand and explain their world in quantitative terms. With this ability, they are able to analytically interpret numerical data and evaluate arguments that rely on quantitative information and approaches. This is what is lacking in majority of the children who exit basic education institutions in many African countries. For example, a Kenyan Early Grade
Mathematics Assessment (EGMA) Baseline study of 2018 showed that a considerably high percentage of
pupils at class three in Kenya's primary schools did not attain high order skills in mathematics. Moreover, 95.5% of the surveyed population did not attain competencies that required basic translation of information presented in sentences into simple arithmetic operations. It is important to note that these are Kenya's future citizens who will, either directly or indirectly, be involved in decision-making in the increasingly competitive globalized world which is awash in numbers. The exponential rate at which quantitative information is being produced worldwide requires that every country which desires that its citizens deeply participate in public governance prepares them to think quantitatively.
Using science-backed evidence, the Nobel laureates demonstrated that Their study was motivated by the realization that more than half of the pupils in the world (over 90% of them in the developing world) who leave the elementary levels of education lack concrete skills in mathematics and reading skills. This implies that a big percentage of basic education school leavers in African countries lack quantitative reasoning which renders them unable to think quantitatively and analytically.
Numbers are everywhere. The population census and the decisions therefrom such division of revenue have more to do with numbers. The soaring public debt which currently stands at over KShs. 6 trillion deals with numbers. The repealed interest rate law, the ever-changing taxation policies, the Building Bridges Initiative (BBI) and its attendant repeals of the 2010 Kenyan Constitution, the formula for calculating the monthly fuel prices, and many more macro-economic measures deal with numbers. At the micro-economic level, there is an
increasing use of quantitative thinking in the workplace. For instance, accounting, which is a function that permeates all organisations, is basically quantitative. Every employee who has to make decisions concerning financial data needs to be suave in quantitative reasoning. Taxation, auditing, cost accounting and management
accounting are numerical tasks. Market research, human resource management and quality control are increasingly turning quantitative. Actually, numbers have become the chief instruments through which human beings attempt to exercise control over nature, over risk, and over life itself. A society whose citizenry is deficient in quantitative reasoning is therefore exposed to decision-making risk. This is why the Banerjee, Duflo and Kremer model of poverty alleviation focused on numerical skills.
Using science-backed evidence, the Nobel laureates demonstrated that there is a significant positive
correlation between quantitative reasoning and decrease in poverty. Interpreted otherwise, when citizens of any country have low quantitative reasoning skills, poverty levels increase. This is because quantitative reasoning
enhances the citizens' ability to separate facts from opinions and then organize these facts in an appropriate manner in order to make decisions. Actually, lack of these skills has led to the fiscal participation apathy that is seen in most counties in Kenya during budget preparation due to the astronomical figures in the budgets. In most cases, for such citizens, breaking down the huge amounts of budgeted amounts leads to psychological surrender of the right to hold these county governments accountable. Consequently, comprehending the amounts involved in corruption scandals becomes an unsurmountable task for such a citizenry. Acting out of this defeat, the quantitative reasoning-deficient citizens then let the few informed but mostly corruptible leaders decide for them
how their finances will be appropriated.
It is apparent that the ability to think quantitatively is essential for citizens of a democracy, for it allows them to make informed decisions at home, in the workplace, and on complicated national and international issues that affect them and their local communities. Actually, the BBI report could be interrogated with profundity with a citizenry that will easily understand the reasoning behind the quantitative data therein, and the ramifications
therefrom. Being as it is, there is every chance that the report will be interrogated based on uninformed, science-deficient information-driven by political whims. Suffice to say, if individuals of a country lack the ability to think, evaluate and make decisions numerically, they cannot participate fully in civic life thereby bringing
into question the very basis of the government of, by, and for the people.
The watchdog groups such as professional bodies will do their part of analysing macro and micro economic data and informing the public in their endeavour to hold the governments accountable. The bodies, including the Institute of Certified Public Accountants (ICPAK), however, need to work with a quantitatively informed citizenry
for the analyses to make any meaningful sense. Making a detailed analysis of new tax policies for example, and presenting the information to a public that will still find it difficult to make any meaningful decisions out of it is, at best, chasing one's tail. As such, it is imperative that ICPAK and other watchdog groups fight for a bigger
space in the development and implementation of the newly introduced Competency-Based Curriculum (CBC) in order to emphasize the need to focus on mathematics at the elementary level for every child as they seek to discover the individual talents of the learners. This will enhance citizen participation in governance which has a trickle-down effect on reducing poverty.
CPA Dr. Nyatete Kenyanya, PHD is a lecturer at Maseno University. [email protected]