text:
A Lost Ring Leads To A New Friendship
BY Dr. Arthur D. Glover
With all the crazy news that is happening in the world today, it is nice to hear a story with a happy conclusion. In the Gospels, Jesus gave us three stories about people who lost things. In Luke 15:8–10, Jesus tells us of the women who lost a coin. She had 10 silver coins but lost only one. Yet she lit a lamp, and she swept her house as she carefully searched for the coin until she found it. When she finally found the coin, she called her friends and neighbors and asked them to rejoice with her because she found her lost coin. In another story, Jesus tells of the shepherd who had 100 sheep and lost one. The shepherd leaves the 99 sheep to search for that one lost sheep. When he finds it, he asks all his friends to rejoice with him because he found his lost sheep.
Finally, Jesus tells of the lost son. In this story, the son wants his inheritance from his father now! The son promptly leaves home, loses all his money, and suffers through a severe famine. Finally, down and out with hunger pains and eating the slop of pigs, he gets up and returns home to his father. When his father saw his son in the distance, he ran to his son, embraced him, and commanded his servants to throw a party in his son's honor—his son was lost, but now was found.
This brings us to my own story of a lost item: my United States Navy ring that I had worn practically every day since 1998. The ring, with a brilliant blue stone, displayed my years of service, my initials, and the submarine dolphin insignia.
Back in the summer of 2007, my family and I were at Long Beach on Long Island, NY. The trip to the beach was a Sunday surprise by my foster sister Marguerite (who we fondly call Mags). I asked my wife to keep an eye on my ring while I waded in the water to join my granddaughter Kyashia, who was out playing on the sandbars. I left my ring in the cup holder of one of our beach chairs. For some reason I can no longer remember, we had to move to another section of the beach—and as we were gathering our belongings, I realized that the cup holder was empty and my ring was nowhere to be found. I was devastated, and the pain of losing my ring stayed with me as we headed home to Maryland later that day.
Fast forward eleven years later. I am checking the voicemails on my phone one evening this past July and I have a message left by someone named Charlie Virga who is looking for me because he found my ring on a beach in Florida. I am a little confused—I didn't lose a ring in Florida—so I listened to the message again. The gentleman says that he is looking for me, Arthur Glover because he has my ring and wants to return it. Chills run through my body. Can this be true? The ring I lost in 2007 has been found and someone wants to return it to me?
I decided to return Charlie's call. I tell him that, yes, I am the Arthur Glover that he is looking for and that it is my ring that he found. Charlie then shares the story about how the ring was given to him in Florida by a family friend. When he saw my name and the submarine dolphin insignia on the ring, he just knew that he had to get it back to me.
Three men who have honorably served their country, who also all hail from New York, have a connection through my lost ring.
You see, Charlie had a brother who gave his life on one of the 52 submarines that were lost during World War II. What's more, like me, Charlie served his country in the United States Navy during wartime. So now, we have a connection: Me, a Vietnam, Cold War, and Iraq War-era submarine veteran; Charlie, a Korean War veteran; and Charlie's brother, a World War II submarine hero! Three men who have honorably served their country, who also all hail from New York, have a connection through my lost ring.
My ring was returned this past July. I called Charlie to thank him for returning it to me. I called him "a shipmate" and "my new friend" and I made it my mission to visit him on Long Island. This past Labor Day weekend, I made the trip to visit my family and my new shipmate, Charlie Virga.
We (my wife Carole and my sister Mags) spent nearly three hours visiting with Charlie and his wife Madelyn in their beautiful home in West Babylon, NY. Charlie and Madelyn have been in love for 61 years and have lived in the same beautiful home for 50 years. They raised five wonderful children and several grandchildren, as well. Charlie owns a boat that he has had since 1975 and takes it out on weekends with family friends. He also teaches boating safety. Charlie owns a book about submarines, a book about the 52 submarines lost during World War II, and his Cruise Book from his around-the-world deployment when he served in the U.S. Navy.
As we spent time that weekend sharing our experiences in the U.S. Navy and reliving the story of how Charlie came to acquire my long-lost ring, the wonderful, warm, and friendly spirit of Charlie and Madelyn impressed me. Not many people would go the lengths that Charlie did to locate and return the ring to me at no cost. In his search, he called the U.S. Navy, checked with the Veterans Administration, various veteran's organizations, and ring companies. However, a Google search led him to my online biography, which was how he was finally able to come in contact with me—Charlie is truly a shipmate!
It is my hope that Charlie, Madelyn, and I can remain friends forever because my ring that was lost has been found and I can rejoice with new friends like Charlie and Madelyn.
Dr. Arthur D. Glover
DR. ARTHUR (Art) Glover is a retired US Navy Submarine Officer who currently resides in Silver Spring, MD. He holds an MPA Degree from Valdosta State University, an MS in Theology from Southern Christian University and Doctorate in Practical Theology from Master's Graduate School of Divinity. He served his community as an Election Judge for 10 years and continues to serve his fellow veterans as 1st VP of the Montgomery County Chapter of the Military Officers Association and as Base Commander for the Capitol Base, United States Submarine Veterans.
Lynn Forrester September 18, 2018 At 9:06 AM
Love this story and confirms that what I hold in my soul that things will return in time where it is meant to be. Lovely, thank you
Yvonne A. Jones September 18, 2018 At 4:42 AM
What a beautiful story of the good that can still be found in humanity! May you enjoy many years of friendship with your new-found friends!
The Ultimate Sacrifice
Black History Is American History… One Navy Officer's Heroes

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Franchise Disclosure Document ("FDD"), formerly known as the Uniform Franchise Offering Circular ("UFOC"), is a legal document that franchisors must furnish to franchisees in accordance with the Franchise Rule (16 C.F.R. Part 436 which is regulated by the Federal Trade Commission). Franchisors must furnish prospective franchisees with a FDD at least 14 calendar days before the prospective franchisee signs a binding agreement with, or makes any payment to, the franchisor or an affiliate in connection with the proposed franchise sale. The FDD contains material information about a franchise operation and is designed to help franchisees analyze the merits of a franchisor.
GENERAL RULE: Carefully review and negotiate the terms contained in the Franchise Disclosure Document prior to making any investment in a franchise.
The Franchisor and Any Predecessors; Litigation History; Bankruptcy (i.e., any franchisees who may have filed); Listing of the Initial Franchise Fee and Other Initial Payments; Other Fees and Expenses; Statement of Franchisee's Initial Investment; Obligations of Franchisee to Purchase or Lease from Designated Sources; Obligations of Franchisee to Purchase or Lease in Accordance with Specifications or from Authorized Suppliers; Financing Arrangements; Obligations of the Franchisor; Other Supervision, Assistance or Services; Exclusive/Designated Area of Territory; Trademarks, Service Marks, Trade Names, Logo types and Commercial Symbols; Patents and Copyrights; Obligations of the Franchisee to Participate in the Actual Operation of the Franchise Business; Restrictions on Goods and Services Offered by Franchisee; Renewal, Termination, Repurchase, Modification and Assignment of the Franchise Agreement and Related Information; Arrangements with Public Figures; Actual, Average, Projected or Forecasted Franchise Sales, Profits or Earnings; Information Regarding Franchises of the Franchisor; Financial Statements; and Acknowledgment of Receipt by Respective Franchisee.
Please note that I strongly urge you to retain the services of an experienced franchise attorney because although the Franchise Disclosure Document is required by law, no governing body reviews the document for accuracy and/or omissions of fact.


In a controversial move, the PartyPoker network has decided to stop offering high stakes No Limit Hold'em, Fixed Limit Hold'em, and Pot Limit Omaha cash games.
Earlier today all tables $10/$20 and higher began to stop allowing players to sit down, then disappeared from the lobby completely.
LHE was removed above $30/$60.
"This is absolutely true – we have removed some of our super high stake games, this decision has been taken to make improvements to our poker ecology and in our players best interests. We will still offer high stake games at NL1000 PLO1000 and FL 6000. Our new highest NL cash games stakes would be $5/10.".
This comes as shocking news to $10/$20 – $25/$50 regs, who consider $5/$10 midstakes. Limit Hold'em being capped at $30/$60 limits will also affect many professional players. Previously LHE stakes ran up to $250/$500.
Achieving Palladium Elite VIP status and a 50% rakeback equivalent will be much more of a challenge.
Why might Party do this?
Eliminating high stakes for reasons of 'ecology' likely refers to Party wanting to keep recreational players from going broke for longer. The logic being that players should generate more rake at lower stakes before busting.
However, many recreational players and regulars will simply seek action on other sites, and PartyPoker – currently the second largest (tied with iPoker) network in the industry behind PokerStars – could see a loss of both traffic and revenue.
PartyPoker may be of the opinion that HSNL only really ever runs with a fish at a table, and is overly predatory. Tables with five regs sat out are not an uncommon sight, and that can be detrimental to poker's image. Players had already suggested simple software tweaks such as a 'Sit Out One, Sit Out All' solution recently on the forums. The complete removal of high stakes was never expected.
It remains to be seen what effects – positive or negative – PartyPoker's decision will have on the site as a whole. Rakeback.com will have more on this story as it develops.


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Print Editions and Works on Paper
Vicki Bennett
Charlotte Bracegirdle
Julia Douglas
Sandy Grant
Susie Green
Russell Maurice
Diego Mena
Inken Reinert
Kelly Richardson
Bench, 2011, Collage
Upside Down, 2011, Collage
Charlotte Bracegirdle's work is based around the subtle traces that we leave behind. When a person no longer occupies a space everything appears different, but visually nothing is altered. Everything looks, smells and feels as it was when that person was there, but the image is not the same despite evidence telling you that it is. The pictures become empty stages, deserted and uncanny – left only with hints of past activity. Although there are just the empty spaces, surreal shapes and objects floating, at a closer glance you'll see shadows where once were people.
Charlotte Bracegirdle graduated with an MA in Fine Art from the Royal College of Art, London in 2006. She has exhibited widely in London since graduating, and has more recently been included in art fairs in Miami and New York. In 2008 she was a finalist in the Becks Canvas Award, and in 2009 was a runner up in the AXA Young Masters Art Prize. Charlotte Bracegirdle lives and works in London.
www.charlottebracegirdle.co.uk
Click the images for more details.


We'll hot-dip galvanize your fabricated steel items in one of our two kettles containing molten zinc.
Pickling is the process of cleaning steel before galvanizing by immersing steel into a bath of hot sulfuric acid. The Acid removes mill scale and rust from the steel. Prior to the Acid stage, steel is soaked in a hot alkaline solution to remove dirt, oil, grease, shop oil, and soluble markings.
Pickle, oil and plug involves cleaning straight pipes up to and including 21 feet and a maximum of 12 inches in diameter in a hot alkaline solution, then immersing them in a bath of hot sulfuric acid. Oiling pipes will temporarily prevent corrosion from attacking steels before being put into use in the hydraulics industry.


Microsoft Active Directory® is the premier directory services solution today. With over 15 years of history and development behind it, Microsoft has a monopoly on the directory services market. However, with the advent of the cloud, IT admins and organizations around the world are rethinking their identity and access management strategies. A core part of that equation is the cost of running Active Directory.
Microsoft AD used to live in an IT environment where virtually everything was Microsoft driven. The desktops and laptops, the servers, and the applications were all running Windows. A homogeneous environment made it easy to leverage AD as the directory store and access control management platform. With Google introducing Google Apps (now known as G Suite) with corporate Gmail, one of the pillars of Microsoft's platform, Exchange, was under attack. Many organizations moved their email to the cloud. Soon after, Amazon Web Services' introduction of Infrastructure-as-a-Service drove the data center to the cloud as well. Mix in the long list of highly competitive web applications and Microsoft's stronghold on IT environment is starting to erode. In fact, only one in five devices is now Microsoft Windows-based (Forbes).
Because of these fundamental shifts in the IT marketplace, admins are re-evaluating their plans around directory services or their core identity provider. A directory, after all, is meant to connect an organization's users to all of the IT resources they need. With more resources out of AD's purview, the question becomes, "What is the value of AD? And furthermore, what are the costs and benefits of running Active Directory in a modern IT environment?" When thinking about a replacement, it's important to keep the following hidden costs of running Microsoft Active Directory in mind.
Management time – AD is known to be a handful to manage and operate. Even small organizations hire admins to directly manage and care for Microsoft Active Directory. It is easy to forget about the constant upkeep with patches and upgrades, configuration settings, and time spent with support. AD is an enormous piece of software with tremendous amounts of functionality. Many IT admins have made AD their career's work and they still can struggle with AD.
Add-on solutions – because AD is so focused on Windows and on-premise IT resources, IT organizations often have to purchase additional solutions to manage the rest of their IT resources. These add-on solutions can include directory 'extensions' which focus on Linux and Mac operating system devices and hardware located elsewhere. Web application SSO solutions focus on integrating the new generation of SaaS-based web applications with Active Directory. Security conscious organizations add on multi-factor authentication solutions as well. Some will add on reporting and analytics or even compliance solutions. All of these solutions add to the cost of running Active Directory.
End user identity management self-service – with Active Directory, admins are in the middle of managing a wide range of items for users. From the initial provisioning to resetting passwords when something fails or expires, IT admins are often interrupted to keep their users functioning. It's expensive having IT admins play the middle man between the end users to access to the resources those users need. End user self-service is an ideal choice, but AD lacks these key capabilities, so the burden and cost falls to the IT admin.
Operational infrastructure – authentication services are a 100% uptime IT category. Any downtime means that users cannot access their IT resources slowing the pace and production of the business. Directory services are as close to a mission critical part of the IT infrastructure as anything. As a result, IT admins are forced to create backup plans and ensure redundancy, at a cost.
Running Active Directory has been the historically prudent thing to do. With Windows as the base of an IT network, AD made a lot of sense. As that base shifts to a multi-platform, multi-protocol, and multi-location infrastructure, the question becomes, "Is Active Directory the right long-term solution?" When IT admins are facing this question, one critical aspect that they will factor in is the costs. The four hidden costs of running Microsoft Active Directory that we've outlined above are just a part of the overall discussion of costs of running AD for directory services.
Looking for a cost-effective alternative to AD that takes out the middleman? Check out Directory-as-a-Service®. You can try it out for yourself, your first 10 users are free forever.


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Restaurant gift card sales jumped 15% during the holidays last year
Julie Littman
Alicia Kelso @BGbunster
According to Paytronix's annual Gift Card Sales Report 2019, holiday gift cards continue to increase in popularity. The average increase in card sales throughout the year was around 6.3%, but in the holiday months, gift card sales increased over 15% in 2018 compared to 2017, according to a press release.
Gift card sales especially pick up around mid-November during Black Friday, according to the report.
While Paytronix's report shows that third-party retailers are gaining ground for sales of these gift cards, in-restaurant sales are about six percentage points higher during the holiday season.
The increase in gift card purchases during the holiday season coupled with the fact that most purchases are done in-store during that time showcases a major opportunity for restaurant brands to prioritize this marketing channel. This is especially true if the restaurant industry performs similarly to how it performed during last year's holiday season, in which same-store sales were at their highest in the industry since August 2015.
Gift cards are an effective way to bring in guests who otherwise wouldn't come into an establishment and it offers the opportunity for restaurants to provide a solid first impression and prove why these customers should come back. For restaurants fighting against traffic declines amid intensifying competition, that's an especially big deal right now.
Indeed, a consumer study from First Data found that 52% of consumers are more likely to have visited a store more often over the past year because of a gift card, driving foot traffic. And there are other benefits, too. Sixty-nine percent, for example, said they spent more than the value of their gift cards.
To get an idea of just how effective gift cards can be for restaurant brands around the holiday season, consider Starbucks. In 2015, the company announced that $25 billion had been loaded onto its gift cards in the 15 years since it launched. That is immediate revenue for the brand. Its gift cards are also tied to its loyalty program, so another added benefit is an uptick in loyalty members.
The brand is hardly alone. Restaurants are the most popular places for consumers to purchase gift cards, and are likely to be the most popular this year, according to Blackhawk Network. With gift card spending expect to rise over 7% during this holiday season, there will be plenty of opportunities for restaurants to capitalize on additional revenue.
It's also worth noting that the rise in third-party retail sales for restaurant gift cards presents an additional opportunity during the holidays. In-store sales accounted for 50.3% of all gift card sales in 2018, down from the previous year as third-party retailers, like Costco and Sam's Club, continue to gain popularity and accounted for over 45% of gift card sales in 2018, up from about 43%. Costco and Sam's Club are gaining in popularity for a reason: convenience. As consumers hit the shopping circuit for the holidays restaurant brands are wise to leverage these types of retailers for their gift card sales. Retail sales are expected to jump to 5% from November into January, according to consultancy Deloitte, amounting to more than $1.1 trillion during peak season. For context, last year's holiday sales totaled $1.09 trillion. According to Paytronix, adding just one such third-party retail partner could contribute to increases of more than 25% for restaurants.
Global Newswire Paytronix Annual Gift Card Sales Report: 2019 Finds 10 Percent Year-Over-Year Increase in Sales
Follow Alicia Kelso on Twitter
Filed Under: Consumer Trends Marketing
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Topics covered: Consumer trends, restaurant tech, marketing, regulations, operations, and more.
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BNN Bloomberg Starbucks to open pick-up focused location in Toronto's PATH Jan. 16
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text:
Q: REPEATED + REQUIRED field in BigQUery schema According to the BigQuery schema documentation BigQuery supports the following modes for columns: Nullable, Required, and Repeated.
Is there any way to make field (with type Record) Required and Repeated at the same time?
At the moment I have:

insert into test (id) values('333')

A: For arrays REQUIRED is not supported.
See DDL reference:

(...) supports an optional NOT NULL constraint for types other than ARRAY.

column_schema :=
   {simple_type [NOT NULL] |
    STRUCT<field_list> [NOT NULL] |
    ARRAY<array_element_schema>}
   [OPTIONS(column_option_list)]

So, it's only supported for simple types and STRUCT/RECORD
You could start a feature request, though: https://issuetracker.google.com/issues?q=componentid:187149

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Why Rock Bottom Energy Price Could Persuade Boris Johnson to Pull Plug on New Nuclear Power Station
Burgeoning supplies of renewables like solar and wind have pushed the price of energy in the UK down to 0.04 pence per megawatt hour. UK energy expert Victor Collins spoke about the consequences of such low energy prices.
French EDF Energy Company Ready to Help Design South Africa's New NPP - Official
A French EDF Group senior official has told Sputnik about the company's possible cooperation with South Africa amid the plans of the latter to build a new nuclear power plant.
Future UK Nuclear Deal With China Will 'Evaporate' - Environmentalists
Plans to allow China to build another new nuclear power station in the UK will "evaporate" in the wake of the predicted failure to bring online its next one - built by France and financed by China - because of financial and technology issues.
UK, France, China, Sign Controversial Nuclear Deal Despite Design Setbacks
The controversial deal for China to invest in a new nuclear plant in the UK, built by French energy giant EDF, has finally been signed, despite security concerns and fundamental design problems with the new technology.
French Energy Unions Challenge UK Nuclear Deal Over Financial Fears
A French court has begun hearing a challenge brought by French energy giant EDF's workers' union, CCE, to press EDF management to release confidential documents relating to the construction of a nuclear plant in the UK, which has been the subject of controversy and delay.
UK Nuclear Deal Settles Diplomatic Spat With China, France
The announcement that the UK will press ahead with the controversial French-Chinese new nuclear power station at Hinkley Point in southwest England brings to an end the diplomatic standoff caused when new Prime Minister Theresa May put a halt to the final decision in July.
UK PM Theresa May in Diplomatic Duet With China Over Nuclear Deal Delay
UK Prime Minister Theresa May is having talks Monday (September 5) with Chinese President Xi Jinping. Relations between the two countries have chilled after May announced a delay regarding the final decision to go ahead with a nuclear power station co-funded by Beijing.
'Golden Era' of Sino-British Relations Falters Over Nuclear Deal
Diplomats in Beijing and London are working to stabilize relations between the two capitals after the British Government pulled the brakes on a nuclear power deal less than a year after UK Chancellor George Osborne declared a "golden decade for the UK-China relationship."
China-UK 'Golden Age' in Doubt as Beijing Warns London Over Hinkley Delays
China has warned that its relations with the UK are at a "crucial historical juncture" amid concerns over the future of the Hinkley Point nuclear power station.
UK Facing China Crisis as May Delays Hinkley Point Nuclear Plans
The UK is facing a crisis in its relationship with China following Britain's decision to postpone the construction of the Hinkley Point nuclear power plant, with Chinese media warning that any further delays to the project could risk driving away Chinese investment in the country.
British Nuclear Power Plans Thrown Into Chaos After Surprise Gov't Delay
Plans to build a new nuclear power station in Britain have been thrown into disarray after the government announced it would reconsider the proposals just hours after the project had been given the financial go-ahead by the French Government.
EDF Has No Date for Final Investment Decision on UK's Hinkley Nuclear Plant
French electric company EDF has no fixed date for a final investment decision on the delayed construction of Hinkley Point atomic power plant in England, the chief of its UK subsidiary said.
France and UK Struggling Over World's Most Expensive Nuclear Plant
The French and UK Governments are facing daunting problems trying to get Britain's nuclear power plans on track, amid growing doubts over the cost of building the next-generation nuclear stations.
European Nuclear Plans in Turmoil as French Minister Admits Serious Doubts
The French energy minister, Ségolène Royal, has said that she is seriously considering postponing the construction of a new nuclear power station in the UK, amid cost-overruns and technical difficulties at two of its plants in France and Finland.
Euro Lawmakers Call for End to 'Uneconomic' Nuclear Power
The future of nuclear power stations in Europe has been called into question by lawmkares in the European Parliament following the sudden resignation of a senior director in French energy giant EDF over a new power plant in the UK.
European Nuclear Plans in Jeopardy as Finance Chief Quits French Energy Giant
Plans to build new nuclear stations in Europe have been thrown into disarray after the shock resignation of Thomas Piquemal, the chief financial officer of EDF, the French energy company, believed to be over the final investment decision on a new plant in the UK.
EDF Energy Fails to Make Final Commitment to New UK Nuclear Plant
French state-owned energy giant EDF has once again postponed a decision on whether to commit to building a new nuclear power station at Hinkley Point in south west England, over financial worries and project overruns.
UK Nuclear Plans in Meltdown After Shareholder Warning
A major international banking group is calling on shareholders to sell their holdings in French energy giant EDF just days after it signed a deal with its Chinese partner China General Nuclear Corporation (CGN) to build a new nuclear power station in the UK.
China Rides to the Rescue of Britain's Stalled Nuclear Program
China has agreed to finance the building of Britain's new nuclear power station at Hinkley Point in south west England by pumping in a third of the US$37 billion cost after its original backing was put in doubt.
French Nuclear Nightmare Sends Shockwaves Through Europe
The CEO of French energy giant EDF, Jean-Bernard Levy, has announced a further postponement of the commissioning of the gigantic new nuclear power station at Flamanville in northern France and admitted the price has more than tripled.


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Language and Idiom in Historical Fiction
by Simon Turney
I'm sure that since you're planning to write a work of historical fiction, you'll have read plenty too. If not, then that's clearly your starting point. If so, then you will have noticed that every author finds a distinct 'voice' for their work and if they don't then they are too miscellaneous and become lost in the field. A lot of that 'voice' revolves around how the author presents his world. This is a critical angle to settle upon for a writer, as it will be instrumental in how their work is seen in future.
Some writers like to launch as deeply into their era as they can, down to the use of language and speech patterns, idiom and mannerism. A good example of such writers is Julian Stockwin, writing about the Napoleonic Navy, and with every conversation so painstakingly realistic that if feels as though the reader is looking through a window into that time. Recently, Elaine Moxon did much the same with her Wulfsuna Saxon series.
Conversely, there are authors who write solid and thoroughly excellent work set in a historical period, yet using more modern idiom and language. A prime example of this for me is Anthony Riches, whose work reads easily and smoothly due to a more modern mode of language, and yet seems to carry the feel of the ancient within it.
And that's the playoff that's hard to achieve, to settle upon the correct balance. The more you use language, mannerism and character appropriate to the time, the more work the reader has to put in his/herself. If the language is too true-to-era the story might become tiresome for the reader. It can become a slog unless the author is simply excellent at their craft (c.f. Stockwin as above.) Yet to completely ignore historical language tendencies is to risk losing every ounce of historical flavour from your work. You cannot, for instance, use expressions like 'shooting fish in a barrel' while writing about the accession of Tutankhamun, unless you want to be torn to pieces by your reviewers.
For myself, I tend towards the more comfortable, modern mode of language, flavouring the text as I can but only where it fits well and does not slow down the pace. There is a danger for an author to be lumped into either the 'cerebral literature' category, or the 'pulp fiction' one, depending how strongly he or she leans to one end of the scale. For some reason, those who immerse themselves more in historical terminology tend to be thought of as more 'high-brow' while those who happily load their characters' conversations with fart jokes are oft considered more 'low brow'. This is of course applying unreasonable generalisation, but it happens nonetheless. It is worth noting that, in my experience, the readers and reviewers of historical fiction seem to be more critical and finicky than most other genres, perhaps because there is more that can go wrong with such a novel. But as they say, you can't please all the people all of the time.
One of the best tricks authors use is to keep the language modern and familiar for the ease of the reader while slipping in quotes, references, expressions and patois of the era to flavour the language without having to restructure all your speech. Angus Donald does this well in his work by having one of his characters regularly utter exclamations that are both humorous and 'of the time'. A Roman writer can do it with regular reference to the Gods. Forms of address are also very useful for this. Try not to have your centurions call each other 'buddy'. A Roman slave addressing their owner can use the word 'master' for ease. No one would argue. But slipping in the Latin word 'Domine' instead of master flavours the whole sentence without too much trouble for the reader, for though they might not know the word, they will get the gist from the context and by the third or fourth usage, it will feel natural. This can, of course, be overdone. If you're writing the Tudor era, try not to use so many prithees that you turn into Shakespeare's shadow. The bard wrote beautiful plays, but most readers would find them too tiresome for bedtime reading.
So again, it comes down to balance. Before you even write your prologue, try out a short conversation between your main characters. Write it, edit it, leave it for a day and then read it back. If you come back to it fresh as a reader the next day and it's perfectly smooth and readable, you're probably on the right track.
Most of all, have fun. By Bonaparte's hairy balls, have fun!
I live with my family and two peculiar dogs in rural North Yorkshire, where my wife and I both grew up, surrounded by friends and family. Since leaving University, I have tried a great number of careers, including car sales, insurance, software engineering, computer network management, civil service and even painting and decorating sales. I excelled at not being able to settle on anything. Having written a number of unpublished short stories in my early days, I decided back in 2003 to try and write a full length novel. That was the start of Marius' Mules. Being a lover of Roman history, I decided to combine my love of writing and my love of classical history. Marius' Mules was followed two years later by Interregnum, my attempt to create a new fantasy story still with a heavy flavour of Rome. Since then the success and popularity of both has spawned sequels to each work and more, with the fantasy trilogy complete, seven volumes so far in the Marius' Mules series, a complete Ottoman Cycle quadrilogy out and the flagship of a new Roman series – Praetorian – recently released. Find out more on my website and find me on Twitter and Facebook.
To read Simon's first article for us, on bridging the gaps in our historical knowledge with imagination, take a look here.
Upcoming W&A events
Fantastic Fiction: Writing Magical Worlds
Your Novel - January 2020
Writing the Short Story: Lighting the Spark
How to Write for Children and Young Adults
29th February 2020 9:30am
Your Children's Book - March 2020
4th March 2020 6:00pm


The purpose of our Society is to promote praying the Rosary and cultivate a greater devotion to our Lord in the Most Blessed Sacrament of the Altar through Mary Queen of the Most Holy Rosary.
The Altar Rosary Society has played an important part of St. Anthony's Parish.
Membership is open to all ladies of the parish. We meet on the lst Sunday of the month and begin by praying the Rosary at 7:25 a.m. Our meetings are held after the 8:00 Mass and membership is $5.00 per year.
Some of our responsibilities include the purchase and maintenance of altar linens, the priests' vestments, stoles and cassocks and care of the altar server cassocks and surpluses, We set up the seasonal decorations and flowers during Easter, Advent and Christmas. Our Society also maintains the votive candles and furnish the cleaning supplies, vacuum cleaners, etc. required to maintain the church.
Our members, their spouses and families are also involved with ACTS, Men's Club, Guadalupana Society, Extraordinary Ministers of the Holy Eucharist, lectors, choir members, ushers, and assist with the annual church festival and cleaning of the church.
Our flower purchases are supplemented by parishioner contributions during Easter and Christmas. Other income is derived from the three or four bake sales we have each year and candle sales.
We are very grateful to the parishioners of St. Anthony for their support and assistance throughout the year. God's blessings to all.
Click above to view calendar!


A string of singles has built up to this moment, a new project from Dapz on the Map. Judging from his show at the O2 Birmingham last night it's gone down well with the fans already. 'Champion Settings' is a seven track strong release which features the likes of 'Off To Work' with Jme alongside the most recent single 'Turnt' featuring Scorpz.
The opening track 'Long Time' is deep and will leave you zoned out thinking of past times. 'Champion Settings' is hard hitting straight from the jump. Blay Vision brings his unique style and vibe to the follow up track 'Can't Sleep'. Bowser Boss with a strong hook on 'Ground Floor' is the third and final feature on this project, with 'ROWT' is a highlight track.
'Champion Settings' has a varied of bpms, styles and stories. It's a very solid and grown release from Dapz. It's late in the year, but it has to be up there with one of the best. Stream it below on Spotify or alternatively on other digital outlets here.


Home HOME Goa beaches state economy or something more?
Goa beaches state economy or something more?
Old churches or crowded beaches? Architecture of ancient cities or semi-legal parties? Luxury hotels or a romantic campfire? Today we will try to find out what this place draws in thousands of tourists every year.
Goa – the smallest in size and one of the smallest state of India in terms of population, which does not prevent him from being one of the largest "turistooborotu" place in this country. Attracts travelers and vacationers here many attractive locations and events. Someone will fall to the liking of the local beaches, coupled with the hot and humid climate, someone wants to commune with a unique blend of European and Indian culture and religion, and some devoted to travel to this place for the sake of "complete separation", aided by local trans-party (recall that Goa – the birthplace of the eponymous Goa trance music).
Administrative staff is divided into two parts – the North Goa and South Goa. Any traveler should know that between the two halves, there is a huge difference. And it is in the prices and crowded. South Goa – a place of peace and expensive prices. Beaches are located at a distance from each other, hotels – high class rooms and they are considered expensive by the standards of not only India, but by the standards of international standards. Therefore, if you consider yourself a rich man and want to spend time in the company of their own kind – you can safely take tickets in Margao (the county seat). North Goa – a place of unbridled joy and fun. There were no first-class hotels or nipping prices, but there are a lot of people, cows and beaches. If you find yourself there, you should rent a scooter for the duration of stay (about $ 100 per month) and visit all the interesting and important places and events. By the way, in North Goa many Russian tourists, therefore, not be difficult to find a company or just have a good time with good company, which is very conducive atmosphere reigning there.
In this section, we present ten of the most interesting from our point of view, beaches, located in Goa, dividing them into two categories.
1. Beach Calangute (Calangute) was once famous for the fact that he was chosen by hippies from around the world, though it is a quite ordinary beach. Among other holiday destinations it highlights noise and a lot of people.
2. Anjuna Beach (Anjuna) also stands out from the mass of their entertainment. Here you can find nightclubs "Paradise" and "La Dolce Vita", as well as to visit the largest flea market "Anjuna Market" where you can find an extremely rare and unusual items and souvenirs. Perhaps this is the busiest beach of all existing in the state.
3. Morjim beach (Morjim) is replete with Russian names and customs. This so-called "Russian village". Here in large quantities can be found Russian signs, and Russian cuisine, which is natural, themselves Russian. As a logical conclusion – if you are not familiar with foreign languages, this place will be for you a real salvation.
4. Arambol Beach (Arambol) is a quiet and peaceful place with a long beach, where you can meet very cozy cafes and restaurants. In addition, near the beach you can find many locals huts in which the latter sell souvenirs.
5. Tirakol Beach (Tiracol) is perfect for those who want to enjoy the peace and tranquility. Located on the north of the state led to the beach nemnogolyuden. It is worth noting Hotel Heritage, which was once a fort Tirakol.
1. Bogmalo Beach (Bogmalo) if specially designed for those who like comfort and do not like long trips. Located four kilometers from the Dabolim airport and eight kilometers from the port of Vasco da Gama makes getting to cozy sandy beach without loss of time and nerves.
2. Colva Beach (Colva) is notable for its prices. For a small (by the standards of South Goa) fee you get comfortable hotels and good restaurants, which can have a wonderful rest.
3. Palolem Beach (Palolem), as opposed to Bogmalo beach is one of the most remote places in the southern part of the state. But compensate for this lack of dolphins, which can be viewed in their natural habitat, and the opportunity to go fishing (alas, the bait to catch the dolphins can not).
4. If Palolem – one of the most remote, the Betul (Betul) – the most difficult to access. To get to it, have a ride on a motor boat. Replaced as the fact that the beach restaurants you will find the biggest and most delicious mussels from all possible.
5. Mobor Beach (Mobor) – miniature paradise on Earth. Amazing white lilies in ponds, small but beautiful islands and sand dunes – that's only a small part of what you can see here. Some unscrupulous hotels claim supposedly particularly beautiful part of the beach can use only their guests, but do not believe it – all the beaches belong to the state.
Historically Goa – Centre of Portuguese India with its capital in Old Goa (Goa Velha). Today is the former capital has a little more than 5,000 people and is a small village, richly filled with monasteries and cathedrals. Decline of the city due to the fact that in the 17-18 centuries the capital was moved to Panaji due malaria epidemics. So Panaji officially became the center of the state, and for the Old Goa entrenched status of a cultural center, the city of monasteries and cathedrals. It is particularly interesting remains of the church of St. Augustine and the Archaeological Museum, dreary exhibits from the Portuguese colony.
Narrow streets, small cafes and shops, a church in the midst of the area – all this awaits you in Panaji. We should also pay attention to the chapel of St. Sebastian, Church of the Immaculate Conception, as well as Fonteynhas and architectural complex Largo Da Igreja. Visit both cities preferably with guides who hold to interesting places and tell many stories.
– The port city of Vasco da Gama. Known for being a major hub for tourists, as well as its riotous nightlife.
– Mapusa City, known Christian church of St. Jerome and Maruti temple. The temple was built in honor of the monkey god Harumana that in itself is interesting. As the town is known for its Friday market.
– Basilica of Jesus – perhaps the most famous temple in Goa. It contains the remains of St. Francis Xavier, Baptist Asia.
– Cathedral of St. Catherine – the largest cathedral in India and one of the biggest in Asia. In addition, famous because in May 1845 he was transferred to the mountains Wonderful Cross Boa Vista, then the cathedral began to rush of pilgrims.
– Dudhsagar Falls, also known as "milk waterfall" in 603 meters tall. Got its name because of milky water.
– Pandava Caves, located in the city of Margao. In the caves you can find unique inscriptions, dated the 7th century, explore the cave five halls, ornamented with frescoes, and the guide or the local population can be heard many legends associated with these caves.
Naturally, this is not a complete list of cultural, historical, spiritual and natural attractions of Goa, but the list above are collected places that should be visited first.
When not relaxing on the beach and sightseeing, you can take the time to engage in such an interesting, as "Indian shopping." Lesson is interesting primarily bargaining, as some prices are inflated at least 10 times, and leave by paying the original price – big mistake. In addition, the market and the combination is the arena in which you can meet musicians, acrobats, swords swallowers. So nothing prevents you, for example, braided dreadlocks Indian or enjoy a massage. All this can be done on Wednesday at the flea market in Anjuna and the Friday market in Mapusa. Markets work from dawn to dusk.
As a separate form of entertainment is worth noting trans-parties, where you can revel well. The only problem is that they are not entirely legal, so often about the party becomes aware of only half an hour before. But if it does take place, the time and place of holding will know all the local up to the kids running around the street.
In matters of residence should pay special attention to the North Goa. If in the southern part of hotels is easy to find, in the north they are not very popular. Here, take off your room or house, if you stay for a long time. Bedroom house with shower, kitchen, toilet and entrance hall can be rented for only $ 300 per month (residents of Moscow is now heavy sigh). If you want to rent a house for a few days, the bathroom with shower and toilet will cost you $ 6 per day.
The kitchen is dominated Goa vegetables, fresh seafood and spices. And juices. Most diverse, but always natural and fresh. In addition, as in any tourist development site can be found in Goa restaurants for every taste. Here and national cuisine, and vegetarian restaurants, and even Russian cafe, where you can order good old dumplings. In general, the choice is enormous.
So what attracts crowds of tourists in Goa? Beaches and climate? City, historical culture of Portugal, the church? Party? The answer to these questions is: all at once. Goa accommodates and entertainment, and vacation on the beach, and varied cuisine, and attractions that are worth a look. Coupled with very different parts of the cities and the state prices, as well as opportunities for quiet and for leisure, we conclude that there is a place in Goa to all, regardless of status, age, gender and preferences. The main thing – to find its circulation in this colorful entertainment.


text:
Q: What are the similarities and differences between SAP BusinessObjects and XS Engine? I have an application developed using sapUI5. The next step would be to host the app on a web server/application server.
That being said, there are 2 options to consider:

*

*SAP XS Engine

*SAP BusinessObjects

I'm pretty familiar with how this would work with XS Engine. The XS Engine is a lightweight application server embedded in SAP HANA that can be used to layer procedural logic and Web services on top of HANA tables and views.
Here is a diagram showing its structure (XS Engine):

With that in mind, how does Sap BusinessObjects compare to XS Engine? With XS being directly on HANA, BOBJ has a few other layers in between. Only I cannot understand what they are, and how they work. How is BusinessObjects able to 'talk' to the HANA database?

A: BOBJ(3-Tier Architecture)

*

*Flexibility of having different Netweaver (ABAP/Java) Gateway server and Backend server, and it could be m:n connections b/w them.

*Backend server could connect to any DB. (need not be HANA)Because of which you can easily and with little disruption integrate SAP HANA functionality into your current architecture.
SAP HANA Native Application – Using SAP HANA XS:

*

*If you are building a new application from scratch which is SAP HANA specific, SAP HANA XS is a better option. With SAP HANA Extended Application Services you can build and deploy your application completely self-contained within SAP HANA.

*This provides an opportunity for a lower cost of development and ownership. It also provides better performance because of the closeness of the application and control flow logic to the database.

This is quite a broader topic. I am open to add other points if I've
  missed.


text:
On Demand Group Management Current
On Demand Group Management Current - Release Notes
New features Known issues Incident response management System requirements Product licensing More resources Third-party contributions Release history
2020/10/15 2020/09/15 2020/09/08 2020/09/01 2020/07/21 2020/06/30 2020/06/09 2020/05/19 2020/02/28 2019/07/09 2019/03/22
Viewing Topics 9 - 12 of 20
Release Notes > Release history
Release Notes > Release history > 2020/10/15
Creation of on-premises groups
The Settings page now includes a new tile "Organizational Units" where you can configure the default OU for the on-premises groups created in Group Management.
Group Creation Template for Self-Service
There is a new group setting "Group Creation Template for Self-Service" on the Settings > Policies page. This setting is a part of the group category, and defines location, type, scope, and domain for groups created through self-service. Users can select a template to apply the defined values when they create a group in the self-service portal.
Integration with On Demand Activity Trail
Auditing activity logs can be downloaded on the On Demand home > Settings > ACTIVITY TRAIL > Group Management page. These auditing logs provide the following types of events:
Adding or removing a group owner or member
Adding, updating, or deleting a group
Attesting or auto-attesting membership or ownership of a group
Auto-deleting an expired group
Auto-removing an expired member from group
Adding, updating, and deleting a group category
Adding, updating, and deleting a group naming rule
Adding, updating, and deleting a group security level
Joining or leaving a group as owner or member
Support for additional Azure regions
Europe, Canada, United Kingdom (UK), and Australia Azure regions are now supported.
Improvement of search functionality
Searches are no longer case-sensitive.
In the admin portal, this includes the following types of searches:
Typing the name of a group in the Group name search fields.
Clicking the filter icon on the Groups or Activities tabs and typing text in the search fields.
Typing the name of an owner or group member in the Display name search field when viewing group details
Typing a service name in the Service name search field when viewing group details.
In the self-service portal, this includes the following types of searches:
Clicking the filter icon and typing text in the search fields.
Creation of Group Privacy Rules
This setting is part of the group category and defines the visibility of a group on the Gallery page in the self-service portal. It also defines the groups that users can view and request to join via the New Request > Join Group feature on the self-service portal.
If a group is assigned a group privacy rule that is set to private, it is not visible to users in the self-service portal who are not owners or members of the group. If a group is assigned a group privacy rule that is set to public, all users can view the group in the self-service portal.
You can add exceptions to group privacy rules that allow specified groups in a tenant in an organization to be exempt from the group privacy rule setting assigned to them. For example, if you create groups using a category that has a private group privacy rule, you can create exceptions within the group privacy rule to allow one or more groups to be public.
Exceptions to group privacy rules can be made for groups by group name, group owner, and/or group member.
Exceptions can be added for groups in different tenants to one group privacy rule, which allows you to use one group privacy rule to specify exceptions for all tenants.
Multiple rules can be added within one exception. The default operator between rules within one exception is "AND".
Multiple exceptions can be added to one group privacy rule. The default operator between exceptions is "OR".
You can now add exceptions to group privacy rules that allow specified groups in a tenant in an organization to be exempt from the group privacy rule setting assigned to them. For example, if you create groups using a category that has a private group privacy rule, you can create exceptions within the group privacy rule to allow one or more groups to be public.
Exceptions to group privacy rules can be made by group name, group owner, and/or group member.
In the admin portal and self-service portal, searches are no longer case-sensitive.
Search this document Search all documents for this product-version Search all documents for this product Search all documents


text:
\section{Introduction}
Until recently, information about the inter- and intra- molecular forces involved in
the stability of the double stranded DNA (dsDNA) was obtained {\it in vitro} through
indirect physical and thermodynamic measurements like nuclear magnetic resonance
spectroscopy, light scattering, crystallography, differential scanning calorimetry
etc. \cite{wartell}. Such information is needed to understand two key biological
processes, {\it i.e.}, replication and transcription, where a dsDNA is required to
separate (fully or partially) into two single stranded DNA (ssDNA) \cite{watson}.
It is believed that the stability of dsDNA is the result of hydrogen bonding between
bases, backbone conformational constraints, electrostatic interactions and the coordination
of water molecules \cite{boian}. In recent years, single molecule force spectroscopy
(SMFS) experiments using optical tweezers, atomic force microscope etc.,
have directly measured these forces and provided unprecedented insight into
the mechanism involved in the process of DNA separation and its stability
\cite{ubm,smith,prentiss_prl,prentiss_pnas,kumar}.

So far, there does not exist any model that accurately describes the force-induced melting
behavior of dsDNA as a function of nucleotide sequence. Simple models, e.g, Poland
Scheraga (PS) model \cite{poland} or Peyrard-Bishop-Dauxious (PBD) model
\cite{pbd1,pbd2,saul} have described some of the essential macroscopic features of
the meting profile of dsDNA quite effectively and predicted that the force-induced
melting transition is a first order transition \cite{somen,nelson,mukamel}.
However, semi-microscopic information about the opening such as whether a dsDNA
opens from the end or interior of the chain, distribution of partially opened regions
in the form of bubbles in the chain \cite{saul,kgy_epl,shikha, cocco,ns_epje,rajeev},
are  some of the intriguing issues in these studies. Moreover, in all SMFS experiments,
the experimental setup puts an extra constraint on the ends of the chain, which makes
force-induced melting different from the thermal melting. These
constraints do not matter in the thermodynamic limit. However, all SMFS experiments
involve a finite length of the strand and hence these constraints may affect the melting
profile of the chain \cite{prentiss_pnas_2008,garima,ns_pre}. Singh {\it et al.}
considered the self-avoiding walk \cite{sk_jpa} model of dsDNA \cite{ars_jcp}
of homosequence and obtained the force-temperature diagram for a small chain length.
It was shown that constraining the end, affects the melting profile significantly.
The aim of this manuscript is to study the effects of these constraints on the
melting profile of heterosequence of finite length single molecule experiments
and provide semi microscopic information about the formation of bubbles in
the form of partially opened regions during the opening of a dsDNA. More precisely,
by employing the probability analysis of opening of individual bases, we delineate
the mechanism involved in the separation of a dsDNA. For this, we adopt the PBD model,
\cite{pbd1,saul} which has been discussed in section II. In this section,
we also introduce the method to calculate the melting profile and probability
analysis to monitor the opening of individual base pairs (bps). Melting profiles of two
different sequences \cite{zoli}, whose end(s) is(are) constrained by the experimental setups are
discussed in section III. The method developed in section II, has been extended
to study the force induced melting of dsDNA in section IV. The paper ends
with a brief discussion in section V.

\section{Model and Method}
\label{method}
\begin{figure*}[ht]
\includegraphics[height=1.5in,width=5.in]{fig1.eps}
\caption{\small Schematic representations of  two sequences (I \& II) with
various possibilities of constrains imposed on the end(s) have been shown.
The polygon attached with the end(s) show that the end(s) is (are)
constrained by the experimental setup.}
\label{fig1}
\end{figure*}
In this section, we briefly discuss the basic features of the PBD model,
which considers the stretching between corresponding bases only.
Unlike the PS model \cite{poland} which is based on the two state model
(bound segment or unbound segment), the PBD model \cite{pbd1,saul} includes
intermediate state because the stretching is a continuously varying variable.
Here, we ignore the helecoidal structure \cite{cocco} of dsDNA and properties associated
with it and focus only on the stretching of hydrogen bonds, which are represented by
continuous variables $y_i$ ($i=1,2...... N$, where $N$ is the length of the chain).
The sequence dependence in the model Hamiltonian can be introduced through the
potential energy term appearing in the Hamiltonian. The nonlinear term which corresponds
to the stacking energy between consecutive base pairs along the strand, mimics the long
range effects along the dsDNA strand.
The model Hamiltonian is \cite{pbd1},
\begin{equation}
\label{eqn1}
H = \sum_{i=1}^N\left[\frac{p_i^2}{2m} + V(y_i) + W(y_i,y_{i+1})\right]
\end{equation}
where $p_i = m${{\.y}$_i$}, represents the momentum part of the Hamiltonian and $m$ is
the reduced mass of a base pair (taken to be the same for both A-T and  G-C base pairs here).
The hydrogen bond interaction between two bases in the $i^{\rm th}$ pair is represented by,
the Morse potential, $$V(y_i) = D_i(e^{-a_iy_i} - 1)^2,$$ where $D_i$ represents the potential
depth, roughly equal to the bond energy and $a_i$ represents the inverse of the width
of the potential well. The stacking interaction between two consecutive base pairs along
the chain is represented by,
$$W(y_i,y_{i+1}) = \frac{k}{2}(y_i - y_{i+1})^2[1 + \rho e^{-b(y_i + y_{i+1})}]$$
in the Hamiltonian, where $k$ represents the single strand elasticity, $\rho$ represents the
anharmonicity in the strand elasticity and $b$ represents its range.
The canonical partition function of the system can be written as
\begin{equation}
\label{eqn2}
Z = \int \prod_{i=1}^{N}\left\{dy_idp_i\exp[-\beta H]\right\} = Z_pZ_c
\end{equation}
where $Z_p$ and $Z_c$ are the momentum part and configurational part of the partition function
respectively. Since the momentum part is decoupled in the integration, it can be integrated
out as a simple Gaussian integral, which contributes a factor $(2\pi m k_BT)^{N/2}$ to the
partition function \cite{pbd1}. The configurational part of the partition function, $Z_c$,
is
\begin{equation}
\label{eqn3}
Z_c =\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}\prod_{i = 1}^{N} dy_i  \exp[-\beta H(y_i,y_{i+1})].
\end{equation}
For the homo sequence, one can evaluate the partition function by the transfer integral
(TI) method with periodic boundary condition. In case of heterosequence the integration
in the configurational partition function can be carried out numerically with the help
of matrix multiplication method \cite{chen,campa,ns_epje}. Once the limits of integration
have been chosen, the task is to discretized the space so that the integral can be
evaluated numerically. Here, we fix the lower and upper limits  of the integration to be
$-5.0 \; {\rm \AA}\; {\rm and}\; 200.0 \; {\rm \AA}$ respectively. The space is
discretized using the Gaussian quadrature formula \cite{nrc} with a certain number of grid
points. In our previous study \cite{ns_pre}, it was  shown  that to get precise value
of the melting temperature ($T_m$), one has to choose large number of grid points. In this study,
900 grid points are found to be sufficient to obtain the melting profile of the
chain. Since all the  matrices in Eq.(3) are identical, the multiplication is straight
forward. The free energy per base pair is obtained from the following relation,
\begin{equation}
\label{eqn4}
f(T) = -\frac{1}{2}k_B T\ln\left(2\pi m k_B T\right) - \frac{k_B T}{N}\ln Z_c
\end{equation}
The thermodynamic quantities of interest {\it e.g.} the number of intact base pairs ($\theta$)
\cite{campa,note} and the specific heat ($C_v$) of the system may be evaluated by using the
following relations,
\begin{equation}
\label{eqn5}
\theta = \frac{1}{N}\sum_{i=1}^{i=N}\langle\Theta(y_0-y_i)\rangle \;\; \& \;\;
C_v(T) = -T\frac{\partial^2 f}{\partial T^2}
\end{equation}
where $\Theta(y)$ is the Heaviside step function. We set the limit, $y_0$ equal
to 1${\rm \AA}$, above which a base pair is considered to be in the open state.
The emphasis of present work is to evaluate the probability of opening of
particular base pairs at a given external condition. The probability of opening of
the $j^{\rm th}$ pair in the sequence is defined as \cite{rapti_pre},
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{eqn6}
P_j &=& \frac{1}{Z_c}\int_{y_0}^{\infty}dy_j \exp[-\beta H(y_{j},y_{j+1})]Z_j
\end{eqnarray}
where
\begin{equation}
Z_c = \int_{-\infty}^{\infty}\exp\left[-\beta \frac{V(y_1)}{2}\right]\prod_{i = 1}^{N}
dy_i  \exp[-\beta H(y_i,y_{i+1})]
\exp\left[-\beta \frac{V(y_N)}{2}\right]
\end{equation}
is the partition function of the chain for the open boundary condition and
\begin{equation}
Z_j = \int_{-\infty}^{\infty}\prod_{{i=1},{i\neq j}}^{N} dy_i \exp[\beta H(y_i,y_{i+1})]
\end{equation}

\section{Thermal melting}
\begin{figure}[b]
\label{fig2}
\vspace{1cm}
\includegraphics[scale=0.5]{fig2.eps}
\caption{\small Variation of number of intact base pairs and specific heat with
temperature for sequence I and II. The peak of specific heat coincides with the
value where half of the base pairs are open. Here $\it {y-axis}$ is scaled by
peak value of $C_v$  }
\vspace{0.5cm}
\end{figure}

We first investigate the thermal melting of dsDNA in the absence of end constraints and
applied force. The values of the relevant model parameters are chosen in such a way that
the  melting temperature of long homogeneous sequences, is reproduced \cite{pbd1,chen}.
The values  $D_{\rm AT} = 0.05 \;  {\rm eV},\; D_{\rm GC}
= 0.075 \; {\rm eV}, \; a_{\rm AT} = 4.2 \; {\rm \AA^{-1}},\;  a_{\rm GC} = 6.9 \;
{\rm \AA^{-1}}, \; \rho = 2.0, \; k = 0.025 \; {\rm eV/\AA^2}, \; b = 0.35 \; {\rm \AA^{-1}}$,
\cite{campa} are used in the partition function to obtain the thermodynamic quantities.
After fixing the parameters, we consider the two sequences \cite{zoli}, as shown in Fig. 1,
to study the probability distribution of bubbles and the location of their initiation. It may be
noted here that the two sequences are almost the same except that in the sequence I, half of
the base pairs are of GC type (we call it as GC rich end) while  sequence II has AT rich end
(Fig. 1).

\begin{figure}[t]
\label{fig3}
\includegraphics[scale=0.45]{fig3.eps}
\caption{\small (a) Variation of specific heat with temperature for various constrains for
sequence I. The dotted line, solid line, dashed line and dotted-dashed line correspond to
the FIG. 1 a, b, c and d respectively. It is obvious from the plots that peak  positions
coincides for Fig. 1b and 1c. (b) Same as Fig. 3a, but for sequence II. }
\end{figure}
First we consider a situation, where both ends of the given sequences are free (Fig.1a). This has
been well studied in the context of thermal melting. For short sequences, the transition is well
understood by the two state theory and the chain opens from the end. Using Eq. (\ref{eqn2}-7),
we obtained the melting profiles, which is  shown in Fig. 2 and  calculated the melting
temperature $T_m$, where half of the total base pairs of a given sequence are open. It is to be
noted that the peak in the specific heat coincides with the melting temperature and is consistent
with earlier value obtained through path integration technique \cite{zoli}. This corresponds to a
phase transition where the system goes from the bound state to the open state. Interestingly,
the sequence which has GC rich end exhibits the higher melting temperature, shows that sequence I
is more stable than the sequence II.
\begin{figure*}[ht]
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{cc}
\includegraphics[height=2.8in,width=3.2in]{fig4a.eps} &
\includegraphics[height=2.8in,width=3.2in]{fig4b.eps} \\
\includegraphics[height=2.8in,width=3.2in]{fig4c.eps} &
\includegraphics[height=2.8in,width=3.2in]{fig4d.eps} \\
\end{tabular}
\caption{\small The probability profiles of the sequence I for four different conformation as
suggested in Fig.1. There is a striking difference in the opening of the chain under four
different conformations. The figures a, b, c \& d correspond to the four conformations as
shown in Fig 1.}
\label{fig4}
\end{center}
\end{figure*}

It may be noted that both the sequences have a block of 22 AT base pairs (starting from $31^{\rm st}$
position from the 5' -end), which is expected to open first and form a bubble (Fig.1). Here, our aim is
to study the melting profile, if one of the ends, say the GC rich end (or AT rich end) is kept free
(Fig. 1(b) or Fig. 1(c)) and, the other end is constrained. We would like to compare it with the situation
when when GC rich end (AT rich end) is constrained, where as the other end is free. For both the cases,
semi-microscopic information about opening of dsDNA will be obtained by monitoring the block of 22 AT
base pairs. It should be reminded here that all SMFS experimental setups do impose such constraint on
one end of the dsDNA while the force is applied at the other end. In order to have better insight of
these experiments, constraining one end of dsDNA is a prerequisite for the theoretical understanding.
During transcription, the dsDNA opens in the middle of the strand, {\it i.e.}, both ends are tied.
Such situations can be studied, if we fix both ends of the strand as shown in Fig. 1(d) and compare its
melting profile with (i) both ends free and (ii) only one end (GC rich end or AT rich end)
is free. In Fig. 3 we show the plot of specific heat with temperature for both the
sequences. It is obvious from the plots that the melting temperature remains unaffected
whether GC rich end ($N^{\rm th}$ base pair, {\it i.e.} 3' -end) is fixed or the other
end ($1^{\rm st}$ base pair {\it i.e.} 5' -end). One can notice that for sequence I,
$5^{\prime}$ end of the chain is weaker than the $3^{\prime}$ -end (GC rich end). Therefore,
the widths of the curves for the two cases are significantly different. This suggests that,
though melting temperature of the system remains the same, the mechanism involved in the
opening of the chain depends on the constraint imposed at the end.

In the following, we  now  explore how the chain opens. First, we consider the probability profiles
of the sequence I under different constraints imposed at the ends. When the chain is free at both ends,
the probability profile (Fig. 4a) of the chain shows that the chain opens smoothly from the weaker
segment (5' -end) to the stronger segment (3' -end). Fig. 4c is the plot for the situation when the
chain is constrained  at the 5' -end. From the profile, it is apparent that the end effect plays an
important role in the DNA melting for a chain of smaller length. There is a possibility of formation
of loops in the chain near the 5' -end, which spans 22 base pairs (blue regime of the plot).
Since the 5' -end is constrained, the loop entropy starts contributing to the system. Note that the
GC rich segment also puts an extra constraint on the weaker segment of the chain. This means that
the chain can open now from the GC rich end. For higher temperature range, a segment of 30-99 base
pairs is still intact (the black region). The most interesting feature of this plot is the higher
value of the opening probability of 3' -end as compared to its neighbour. This reveals that although
the segment 50-100 base pairs is stronger, the chain opens from that end in case of thermal denaturation.
As temperature increases, though the GC rich end opens up the probability of opening of the AT sequence,
which forms a loop of 30 base pairs dominates the melting. From this plot the melting temperature of
the chain can also be predicted.

In contrast, similar features have  not been observed when we constrain the GC rich end, {\it i.e.}
the 3' -end. Since this end has the strongest segment (GC base pairs), the chain opens from the other
end. Although, the melting temperatures of the chain for both the cases (constrained at either of the
ends) are found to be the  same, the nature of opening is significantly different. In this case, the
strands open gradually from the 5' -end with an interface at $30^{\rm th}$ base pair, which demarcates
the two regions of the chain; the weaker segment and the stronger segment. It is also reflected
that 50\% of the chain open around 370 K which is consistent with the melting temperature of the chain.

When both ends are constrained, the opening of the chain is clearly different from the above two cases.
It has relevance in understanding the process like transcription.  Such constraints ensure that the end
effects are suppressed. Hence, the chain will be denatured due to the entropic contribution from the
bubble(s) that forms inside the chain. Again, from the profile one can note that 50\% of the base pairs
open around 380 K. All these features simply indicate that constraining the end of dsDNA affects the
local melting and affects the mechanism of  opening of the chain.
\vspace{0.5cm}
\begin{figure*}[ht]
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{cc}
\includegraphics[height=2.8in,width=3.2in]{fig5a.eps} &
\includegraphics[height=2.8in,width=3.2in]{fig5b.eps} \\
\includegraphics[height=2.8in,width=3.2in]{fig5c.eps} &
\includegraphics[height=2.8in,width=3.2in]{fig5d.eps} \\
\end{tabular}
\caption{\small For comparison we have plotted the density profile of sequence II.
The figure (a)-(d) corresponds to the conformations as shown in Figure 1(a)-(d). }
\label{fig5}
\end{center}
\end{figure*}

In order to have a better understanding of the role of the sequence on the opening mechanism of dsDNA,
we have also studied the opening of sequence II. When the chain is constrained from either of the
ends, the resistance from the stronger segment which span about 20 base pairs (31-49) is clearly
visible. For the case when chain is constrained from 5' -end, chain has the two weaker segments one at
the 3'-end and the another close to 5'-end. In addition to the resistance from the stonger segment,
a small patch of about 5 GC base pairs puts an extra constraint, which restricts the opening from
the 5'-end. As a result, the probability of
opening of 3'-end is found to be larger, indicating that the chain opens from the 3'-end. The melting
temperature of this chain is lower than the sequence I. For rest of the conformations, as observed for
sequence I, such kind of striking difference has not been observed. This sequence has more end point
entropy in comparison to sequence I. Thus, constraining either of the ends simply means that the
contribution to melting from the end is being restricted (Fig 1 b \& c).  It may be noted the
sequence II has a segment of 52 base pairs of AT at 3' -end while about 28 base pairs of AT at 5' -end.
In the case when both ends are constrained, the chain opens from its weaker segments.

\section{Force induced transition}
We now investigate how the opening mechanism of the sequences changes when the chain is subjected to
an external force at either ends. The modified Hamiltonian of the system under the applied force can be
written as
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{eqn1}
H_f = H - F\cdot y_e
\end{eqnarray}
We have included a term $F\cdot y_e$ in Eq. (\ref{eqn1}), which shows that force is applied on the
end pair. Here, our emphasis is not to calculate the critical force \cite{ns_pre}, but to focus on
the way the chain opens by calculating the probability of opening of base pairs as a function of
the applied force.
\label{force}
\begin{figure*}[t]
\label{fig6}
\parbox{6.5in}{\includegraphics[height=2.8in,width=3.2in]{fig6a.eps}
\includegraphics[height=2.8in,width=3.2in]{fig6b.eps}
\includegraphics[height=2.8in,width=3.2in]{fig6c.eps}
\includegraphics[height=2.8in,width=3.2in]{fig6d.eps}}
\caption{\small The probability profile of both the chains under the mechanical stress at
3' \& 5' -ends at T = 300 K. The figure on top left (a) is when the sequence I is constrained
at 3'-end and force is applied at 5'-end while figure on top right (b) is for the same chain
under reversed conditions. The nature of opening is clearly different in the two cases.
While the melting temperature remains unaffected by the way we constrain an end, the force
induced unzipping depends on which end is being constrained. When 3'-end is constrained the
opening is sharp while it is smooth in the reverse case. The last two figures (c \& d) are
for sequence II under the same conditions.}
\end{figure*}

The plots which show the influence of applied force at one end while the other end is
fixed, are shown in Fig. 6 in the form of probability profiles for sequences I and II.
These plots clearly demonstrate that the opening of the chains under mechanical stress
is significantly different from thermal melting. When a force is applied on the
$1^{\rm st}$ pair (5'-end), keeping the $N^{\rm th}$ pair (3'-end) constrained, sequence I
(Fig 6a), opens from the weaker segment and the transition from the zipped state to
unzipped state is quite smooth. In contrast, for sequence II, although there is a force
on the $1^{\rm st}$ pair, there is an entropic contribution because of the formation of
a bubble (about 60 base pairs) at the other end (Fig 6c). The critical forces for the two
sequences are found to differ by 10 pN, as sequence II is weaker than the sequence I. This is because
at 300 K, the segments containing AT pairs have a large probability of opening, and thus
the chain opens from both ends and critical force reduces. For sequence I, when the force
is applied at the 3'-end, keeping the 5'-end constrained (Fig 6b), one requires a bit larger
force to open the stronger segment of the chain. One can see from the plot that the
probability of opening of the 30 base pairs near the 5'-end is around 0.25, even though
the chain is constrained at that end. We find that the transition is quite sharp and
the chain opens abruptly as the GC segment opens up. For sequence II, we do not observe
similar behaviour as there are stronger segments of about 20 base pairs in between the two
weaker segments of AT base pairs. As a result, the chain opens from the 3'-end, but the loop
containing AT base pairs reduces the unzipping force. However, the opening mechanism does
not change because of it. This suggests that the unzipping force depends on the sequence
of the chain as well as the on the end which has been constrained.

\section{conclusion}
In this paper, we have studied the thermal melting and the force induced unzipping
of two sequences having GC rich end and AT rich end, respectively. The melting temperature
of these sequences only give information about half of the base pairs, which are open.
Using PBD model, we have calculated the probability of opening of the entire sequence to
see how the chain opens. Motivated by recent SMFS experiments, we constrained one end of
the chain and showed that the mechanism of opening of dsDNA not only depends on the sequence
of base pairs, but also on which end has been constrained by the experimental setup. It would
be interesting to repeat some of these experiments by interchanging the constrained ends.
It is also surprising to note that in the study of the force induced unzipping using PBD model,
the bubbles do not play a significant role. This could be due to fact that in this model,
opening of a bead is restricted to move in one dimension only and thus entropy of the loop has
been underestimated. It would be nice to repeat these experiments by attaching  different tags
at the weaker junction and to see how the chain opens during thermal melting and force
induced unzipping.

\section*{Acknowledgement}
We would like to thank Sanjay Kumar for suggesting this problem and many helpful discussions on the
subject. We also thank Y. Singh and R.R. Mishra for the critical reading of this manuscript.
We acknowledge the financial support provided by the Department of Science and Technology and the
University Grants Commission, India.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


The Bruce Telecom Entertanment Tent will house live entertainment both days of the event! Enjoy a refreshment in this licensed area, while enjoying some of our local talent. Young and old will grace the stage to entertain and amaze you. The Practically Hip will step on stage for the Saturday night concert.
We are organizing our 2019 schedule and it will be posted here when confirmed. if you are interested in showcasing your talents, please contact Pumpkinfest organizers.
Pumpkinfest 2018 ran the following Entertainment Tent Schedule, and we expect 2019 to be just as jam-packed with talented artists!


text:
Bombay Parsi Punchayet Trust election: Several Parsis fear takeover of punchayet by chief and wife
Tariq EngineerTariq Engineer / Updated: Jun 30, 2018, 09:23 IST
BPP chairman's wife is contesting for trustee's post, raising prospects of husband-wife pair in control of the community's largest trust.
Ever since the Bombay Parsi Punchayet Trust adopted the universal franchise within the community in 2008, its elections have been dogged by controversy. It is no different this year, even though just one seat is up for grabs.
The election for that seat is scheduled on Sunday, and one of the contestants is Anahita Desai, wife of the trust's chairman, Yazdi Desai. Anahita's opponents say if she emerges victorious, it will result in the couple holding sway over the Bombay Parsi Punchayet (BPP).
Anahita is the chief executive officer of the World Alliance of Parsi Irani Zarthoshtis and has been a community activist for the past 15 years. On the strength of that experience, she is campaigning as someone who will get things done.
"They (BPP) have a very nice board in the sense that good decisions are taken but the follow-up to get things done to get a project moving is not very good. That is where they need someone," she told Mirror. She had unsuccessfully contested the 2011 BPP trust elections.
The prospect of a husband-wife pair on the seven-member trust has left a few in the community uneasy about the propriety of having two people who are related on the seven-member board. The Desais have put such a criticism down to opposition politics.
"If people are going to judge me only as someone's wife and disregard my capabilities, my track record of community service, the time that I can give, then I find it quite ridiculous. Sorry to say, it is a very politically motivated thing," Anahita said.
Terribly positioned cams capture little
She also pointed to examples of public charitable trusts within the community where there have been husband and wife teams. "There is Mr and Mrs Tamboli who manage the World Zionist Organisation's set of trusts. And the Ahmedabad Parsi Punchayet had two couples on the board. I don't know what the big deal is," she said.
Yazdi said the criticism was a result of the enmity between him and Dinshaw Mehta, the previous chairman. Mehta was accused of misappropriation of the trust funds and a criminal case was filed in court. Mehta's son Viraf is one of the current trustees.
Yazdi said all steps have been taken to ensure impartiality, and that he had recused himself from all the logistical and administrative decisions to do with the election. He campaigned for his wife, which led to some disapprovals. "Because I am campaigning for my wife, I have recused myself from the administrative side. There is no conflict," he said.
Xerxes Dastur, who is the other leading candidate, has Mehta's support but campaigned as an independent. His main plank has been better transparency and professionalism in the BPP, and he did not wish to be drawn into the husband-wife debate.
"I am not bothered by that issue. I am only standing for myself and I am putting forward my strengths as a chartered accountant and a professional. I am not bothered by who is contesting against me," he said.
The three other candidates, Ratan Patel, Kersi Sethna, and Eric Dhatigara, are not expected to provide much of a contest.
According to an editorial in Parsiana, a community magazine, if Anahita wins, Yazdi will be in full control of the board so long as he does not alienate the other three trustees who typically vote alongside him (Noshir Dadrawala, Kersi Randeria and Zarir Bhathena).
Jehangir Patel, the editor of Parsiana, didn't think there was much difference on the issues between Anahita and Dastur.
The election, he said, would depend on "whether voters want a husband and wife team on the board".
To this, Anahita said, "It's a seven-member board. Out of that, if two are a family, what about the other five? If elected, I would not be a signatory on any of the trust's bank accounts as aprecautionary measure."
When she was asked about the possible disagreements with her husband (assuming she was elected to the trust's board), she said they would try to convince each other but they could always agree to disagree. Yazdi, however, added adisagreement was unlikely.
"It will be quite doubtful because we have a common agenda, ideology, and goals," he said.


text:
describe Hbc::DSL::StanzaProxy do
  let(:stanza_proxy) {
    described_class.new(Array) { %i{foo bar cake} }
  }

  subject { stanza_proxy }
  it { is_expected.to be_a_proxy }
  it { is_expected.to respond_to(:pop) }
  its(:pop) { is_expected.to eq(:cake) }
  its(:type) { is_expected.to eq(Array) }
  its(:to_s) { is_expected.to eq("[:foo, :bar, :cake]") }

  describe "when initialized" do
    let(:initializing) {
      proc { |b| described_class.new(Array, &b) }
    }

    it "does not evaluate the block" do
      expect(&initializing).not_to yield_control
    end
  end

  describe "when receiving a message" do
    let(:receiving_a_message) {
      proc { |b| described_class.new(Array, &b).to_s }
    }

    it "evaluates the block" do
      expect(&receiving_a_message).to yield_with_no_args
    end
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


To me she was my Jeroo Aunty, fashionable in a time and place where she could have have been sloppy and no one would care. No one was really fashion conscious in this village called Bilimora in the state of Gujerat, India. Today it has grown into a flourishing city. When we visited during our summer holidays, there was a routine of the household which we happily and easily fell into. Sumptuous family breakfasts, equally sumptuous lunches and crowned by dinner accompanied by the local brew.
Through all this my aunt would preside, always smiling, full of fun and I still remember her girlish giggle.
Now comes evening and the fixed "program" was to walk to the railway station, wait for the "Flying Ranee" to thunder by, get all excited and marvel at its bullet speed and then return home. We all wore casual evening clothes but not my aunt.
Striking, colorful chiffon sarees, sleeveless blouses, make-up replete, naturally wavy hair in a short bob, and the exotic foreign perfumes her brother and sister sent to her. She was an attractive woman, walking down the main street of Bilimora from her house to the train station. People's heads would turn . Women sizing up her style and men staring openly. As a child I was proud to be seen with my fashionable aunt, borrowing a little of the sunshine coming her way.
Now I'm dying to hear more about her!
Really?! My pleasure – you will. Thanks for reading.


text:
Change takes time, Odigie-Oyegun tells Nigerians
National Chairman, All Progressives Congress, Chief John Odigie-Oyegun
Alexander Okere, Benin
Amidst the lingering economic challenges facing the country, the National Chairman of the All Progressives Congress, Chief John Odigie-Oyegun, has called on Nigerians to remain consistent in their efforts to do the right thing.
Odigie-Oyegun stated that, as against the perception that the concept of change was about road construction and provision of electricity, he believed that it (change) was a resolve not to return to "bad old past."
The APC national chairman spoke on Thursday at a reception where he was conferred with the Distinguished Political Leadership Award by the Benin National Congress in Benin, Edo State.
Odigie-Oyegun said, "Change is not bridges. Change is not electricity. Change is not roads. Change is my perception as to what is right and what is wrong, what needs to be done and being faithful in getting it done.
"For as long as we, Nigerians, have the wrong type of morality, the wrong type of ethics, not all the roads in this world will get us out of the economic morass we have plunged ourselves into.
"Change takes time and consistency of application and the resolve not to go back to the bad old days."
The former Edo State governor, who maintained that the Buhari administration met a "totally collapsed economy," however, assured Nigerians that the President was doing his best to bring Nigeria back to the path of progress in order for the country to attain its vision.
"We took over a totally collapsed country. The hope is that things have started to solidify. Things have started to concretise; the economy has started to grow.
"It is not a switch; it is something that will take time. But once we are there, this nation will never experience the type of recession we had in the past," he stated.
"Until Buhari, we were a laughing stock. Today, we are gaining respectability. So, it is important that we do not lose that momentum," Odigie-Oyegun added.
Oyegun seeks implementation of APC report on true federalism
Oshiomhole, Oyegun call for unity as Edo APC closes ranks
Buhari appoints ex-APC chairman Oyegun UI governing council chairman
Earlier, the President of the congress, Mr. Aiyamenkhue Edokpolo, had said that the award was bestowed only on exceptional icons who had shown patriotism in the face of numerous challenges.
Edokpolo explained that the former governor demonstrated exemplary and selfless leadership during Nigeria's struggle for democracy and as a former civil servant.
He said, "One defining attribute that influenced his gigantic profile is truth. And one truth we must not shy away from as brothers and sisters is that, if we refused to rally around our own, who have done exceedingly well in career development and service to humanity, we inadvertently expose them to vagaries of vultures and vampires, and until you lose your access to profound opportunities, you may never appreciate their hitherto benefits."
Edokpolo blamed the spate of crime in the society on the undermining of socio-cultural organisations and politicisation of acts of patriotism by opportunists.
He, therefore, urged political leaders and heads of public and private institutions to make meaningful contributions towards the resuscitation of cultural values.
These, he said, would inspire the younger generations to embrace selflessness and creativity as "ingredients of greatness."
600 women groups converge on Abuja for Bello's presidential bid
Tags: Oyegun


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Acura today celebrated the official production start of the all-new 2022 Acura MDX at the East Liberty Auto Plant in Ohio. The fourth-generation MDX, has been completely redesigned from the ground up to serve as the new flagship of the Acura brand. Based on Acura's Pre... Read More
Honda Celebrates 40 Years of Manufacturing in America
Today Honda associates are celebrating a milestone of 30M automobiles produced in the U.S., a legacy that dates bac… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
Honda celebrates the life and legacy of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. On this National Day of Service, we encourage o… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
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