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Justia › US Law › US Case Law › US Supreme Court › Volume 21 › Society for Propagation of the Gospel v. Town of New Haven
Society for Propagation of the Gospel v. Town of New Haven, 21 U.S. 464 (1823)
Society for Propagation of the Gospel v. Town of New Haven, 21 U.S. 8 Wheat. 464 464 (1823)
Society for Propagation of the Gospel v. Town of New Haven
21 U.S. (8 Wheat.) 464
A corporation for religious and charitable purposes which is endowed solely by private benefactions is a private eleemosynary corporation, although it is created by a charter from the government.
The capacity of private individuals (British subjects) or of corporations created by the Crown in this country or in Great Britain to hold lands or other property in this country was not affected by the Revolution.
The proper courts in this country will interfere to prevent an abuse of the trusts confided to British corporations holding lands here to charitable uses, and will aid in enforcing the due execution of the trusts, but neither those courts nor the local legislature where the lands lie can adjudge a forfeiture of the franchises of the foreign corporation or of its property.
The property of British corporations in this country is protected by the sixth article of the Treaty of Peace of 1783 in the same manner as those of natural persons, and their title, thus protected, is confirmed by the ninth article of the treaty of 1794, so that it could not be forfeited by any intermediate legislative act or other proceeding for the defect of alienage.
The termination of a treaty by war does not divest rights of property already vested under it.
Nor do treaties in general become extinguished ipso facto by war between the two governments. Those stipulating for a permanent arrangement of territorial and other national rights are, at most, suspended during the war, and revive at the peace unless they are waived by the parties or new and repugnant stipulations are made.
The Act of the Legislature of Vermont of 30 October, 1794, granting the lands in the state belonging to "The Society for Propagating the Gospel in Foreign Parts" to the respective towns in which the lands lie is void, and conveys no title under it.
Page 21 U. S. 465
This was an action of ejectment brought by the plaintiffs against the defendants. The material facts, upon which the question of law arose, were stated in a special verdict, and are as follow:
By a charter granted by William III in the thirteenth year of his reign, a number of persons, subjects of England and there residing, were incorporated by the name of "The Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts" in order that a better provision might be made for the preaching of the gospel and the maintenance of an orthodox clergy in the colonies of Great Britain. The usual corporate powers were bestowed upon this society, and, amongst others, it was authorized to purchase estates of inheritance to the value of 2,000 pounds per annum, and estates for lives or years and goods and chattels of any value. This charter of incorporation was duly accepted by the persons therein named, and the corporation has ever since existed, and now exists, as an organized body politic and corporate in England, all the members thereof being subjects of the King of Great Britain.
On 2 November, 1761, a grant was made by the Governor of the Province of New Hampshire in the name of the King, by which a certain tract of land in that province was granted to the inhabitants of the said province and of the King's other governments and to their heirs and
assigns, whose names were entered on the grant. The tract so granted was to be incorporated into a town by the name of New Haven, and to be divided into sixty-eight shares, one of which was granted to "The Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts." The tract of land, thus granted, was divided among the grantees by sundry votes and proceedings of a majority of them, which, by the law and usage of Vermont, render such partition legal. The premises demanded by the plaintiffs in this ejectment were set off to them in the above partition, but they had no agency in the division, nor was it necessary, by the law and usage of Vermont, in order to render the same valid.
On 30 October, 1794, the Legislature of Vermont passed an act declaring that the rights to land in that state granted under the authority of the British government previous to the Revolution to "The Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts," were thereby granted severally to the respective towns in which such lands lay, and to their use forever. The act then proceeds to authorize the selectmen of each town to sue for and recover such lands, if necessary, and to lease them out, reserving an annual rent, to be appropriated to the support of schools. Under this law, the selectmen of the Town of New Haven executed a perpetual lease of a part of the demanded premises to the defendant, William Wheeler, on 10 February, 1800, reserving an annual rent of $5.50, immediately after which the said Wheeler entered
upon the land so leased, and has ever since held the possession thereof. Similar donations were made, about the same time with the above grant, to the plaintiffs of lands lying within the limits of Vermont by the Governor of New Hampshire in the name of the King, but the plaintiffs never entered upon such lands nor upon the demanded premises nor in any manner asserted a claim or title thereto until the commencement of this suit.
The verdict found a number of acts of the State of Vermont respecting improvements or settlements, and also the limitation of actions, but as the discussions at the bar did not involve any questions connected with those acts, those parts of the special verdict need not be more particularly noticed.
Upon this special verdict, the judges of the court below were divided in opinion upon the question whether judgment should be rendered for the plaintiffs or defendants, and the question was thereupon certified to this Court.
ON DIVISION IN OPINION AMONG THE JUDGES OF
THE CIRCUIT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF VERMONT
MR. JUSTICE WASHINGTON delivered the opinion of the Court, and, after stating the case, proceeded as follows:
It has been contended by the counsel for the defendants
1st. That the capacity of the plaintiffs as a corporation to hold lands in Vermont ceased by and as a consequence of the Revolution.
2d. That the society being, in its politic capacity, a foreign corporation, it is incapable of holding land in Vermont on the ground of alienage, and that its rights are not protected by the treaty of peace.
3d. That if they were so protected, still the effect of the last war between the United States and Great Britain was to put an end to that treaty, and consequently to rights derived under it unless they had been revived by the treaty of peace, which was not done.
1. Before entering upon an examination of the first objection, it may be proper to premise that this society is to be considered as a private eleemosynary
corporation, although it was created by a charter from the Crown for the administration of a public charity. The endowment of the corporation was to be derived solely from the benefactions of those who might think proper to bestow them, and to this end the society was made capable to purchase and receive real estates in fee to a certain annual value, and also estates for life and for years and all manner of goods and chattels to any amount.
When the defendants' counsel contends that the incapacity of this corporation to hold lands in Vermont is a consequence of the Revolution, he is not understood to mean that the destruction of civil rights existing at the close of the Revolution was generally speaking a consequence of the dismemberment of the empire. If that could ever have been made a serious question, it has long since been settled in this and other courts of the United States. In the case of Dawson's Lessee v. Godfrey, 4 Cranch 323, it was laid down by the judge who delivered the opinion of the Court that the effect of the Revolution was not to deprive an individual of his civil rights, and in the case of Terret v. Taylor, 9 Cranch 43, and of Dartmouth College v. Woodward, 4 Wheat. 518, the Court applied the same principle to private corporations existing within the United States at the period of the Revolution. It is very obvious from the course of reasoning adopted in the two last cases that the Court was not impressed by any circumstance peculiar to such corporations which distinguished them in
this respect from natural persons; on the contrary, they were placed upon precisely the same ground. In Terret v. Taylor, it was stated that the dissolution of the regal government no more destroyed the rights of the church to possess and enjoy the property which belonged to it than it did the right of any other corporation or individual to his or its own property. In the latter case, THE CHIEF JUSTICE, in reference to the corporation of the college, observes that it is too clear to require the support of argument that all contracts and rights respecting property remained unchanged by the Revolution, and the same sentiment was enforced more at length by the other judge who noticed this point in the cause.
The counsel then intended, no doubt, to confine this objection to a corporation consisting of British subjects and existing in its corporate capacity in England, which is the very case under consideration. But if it be true that there is no difference between a corporation and a natural person in respect to their capacity to hold real property, if the civil rights of both are the same and are equally unaffected by the dismemberment of the empire, it is difficult to perceive upon what ground the civil rights of a British corporation should be lost as a consequence of the Revolution when it is admitted that those of an individual would remain unaffected by the same circumstance.
But it is contended by the counsel that the principle so firmly established in relation to corporations
existing in the United States at the period of the Revolution is inapplicable to this corporation, inasmuch as the courts of Vermont can exercise no jurisdiction over it to take away its franchises in case of a forfeiture of them by misuser or nonuser or in any manner to change the trustees, however necessary such interference might be, for the due administration and management of the charity. If this be a sound reason for the alleged distinction, it would equally apply to other trusts where the trustees happened to be British subjects residing in England and entitled to lands in Vermont not as a corporate body, but as natural persons claiming under a common grant. The question of amenability to the tribunals of Vermont would be the same in both cases as would be the consequent incapacity of both to hold the property to which they had an unquestionable legal title at the period of the Revolution.
It is very true, as the counsel has insisted, that the courts of Vermont might not have jurisdiction in the specified cases, and it is quite clear that were they to exercise it and decree a forfeiture of the franchises of the corporation or the removal of the trustees, the plaintiffs would not be less a corporation clothed with all its corporate rights and franchises.
But it is not perceived by the Court how this exemption of the corporation from the jurisdiction of a foreign court to forfeit its franchises or to interfere in its management of the charity can destroy or in any manner affect its civil rights or its capacity to hold and enjoy the property legally
vested in it. It would surely be an extraordinary principle of law which should visit such a corporation with the same consequences on account of a want of jurisdiction in the courts of the country where the property lies to inquire into its conduct, as would happen if, after such an inquiry, judicially made, the corporation should be found to have forfeited its franchises -- in other words, that the possibility that the corporation might commit a forfeiture, which the law will not presume, or might require the interference of a court of chancery to enforce the due administration of the charter, which might never happen, should produce a forfeiture, or something equivalent to it, of the very funds which were, in whole or in part, to feed and sustain the charity. This nevertheless seems to be the amount of the argument, and it is deemed by the Court too unreasonable to be maintained unless it appeared to be warranted by judicial decisions. It would seem that the state in which the property lies ought to be satisfied that the courts of the country in which the corporation exists will not permit it to abuse the trusts confided to it or to want their assistance when it may be required to enable it to perform them in a proper way.
Were it even to be admitted that the Legislature of Vermont was competent to pronounce a sentence of forfeiture of the property belonging to this corporation upon the ground of its having abused or not used its franchises, still the act of 1794 does not profess to have proceeded upon that ground. The only reasons assigned in the
preamble of the act for depriving the plaintiffs of this property are 1. that by the custom and usages of nations, aliens cannot and ought not to hold real estate in a country to whose jurisdiction they cannot be made amenable, and 2. that this corporation, being created by and existing within a foreign jurisdiction, all lands in the state granted to the said society became vested by the Revolution in that state. For aught that appears to the contrary, the society was, at the moment when the act passed, fulfilling the trusts confided to it in the best manner for promoting the benevolent and laudable objects of its incorporation. It may further be remarked that the effect of this act is not merely to deprive the corporation of its legal control over the charity, so far as respects the property in question, but to destroy the trusts altogether by transferring the property to other persons and for other uses than those to which they were originally destined by the grant made to the society.
The case chiefly relied upon by the defendants' counsel in support of his first point was that of Attorney General v. City of London, 1 Ves.Jr. 247, and 3 Bro.Ch.Cas. 171, under the will of Mr. Boyle, which directed the residue of his estate to be laid out by his executors for charitable and other pious uses, at their discretion. They purchased, under a decree of the Court of Chancery and Manor of Brafferton, which they conveyed to the City of London upon trust to lay out the rents and profits in the advancement of the Christian religion among infidels as the Bishop
of London and one of the executors should appoint, such appointment to be confirmed by a decree of the court of chancery. The trustees appointed a certain part of the rents and profits to be paid to an agent in London for the College of William and Mary in Virginia for the purpose of maintaining and educating in the Christian religion as many Indian children as the fund would support, the president, &c., of the college to transmit accounts of their receipts and expenditures yearly to the court of chancery and to be subject to certain rules then prescribed and to such others as should thereafter be adopted with the approbation of the court. This appointment was ratified by a decree of the court of chancery. The object of the information was to have the disposition of this charity taken from the college, and that the master should lay before the court a new scheme for the future disposition of the charity. The new scheme was ordered by the chancellor upon the ground, that the college, belonging to an independent government, was no longer under the control of the court.
The difference between that case and the present is that in that, the president, &c., of the college were not the trustees appointed by the will of Mr. Boyle or by his executors to manage the charity, but were the mere agents of the trustees for that purpose, or rather the servants of the court of chancery, as they are styled by the counsel for the college, in the administration of the charity, subject to such orders and rules as might be prescribed by the trustees and sanctioned by the
chancellor. The college had a mere authority to dispose of the charity, but without any interest whatever in the fund. The trustees resided in England, and there too was the fund. The president, &c., of the college derived all their authority from the trustees and from the court of chancery. To that court they were accountable, and were necessarily removable by the court whenever it should appear to the chancellor to be necessary for the due administration of the charity.
In the present case, the plaintiffs were, at the period of the Revolution, entitled to the legal estate in the land in question under a valid and subsisting grant, and the only question is whether the estate so vested in them was divested by the Revolution and became the property of the state. We have endeavored to show that it was not.
The case of Barclay v. Russel, 3 Ves. 424, was also mentioned by the defendants' counsel, and ought therefore to be noticed by the Court. That was a claim on the part of the State of Maryland of certain funds which had been vested in trustees in London before the American Revolution by the old government of Maryland in trust for certain specific purposes. The case is long and rather obscurely reported, but in the case of Dolben v. Bank of England,, 10 Ves. 352, the Lord Chancellor states the ground upon which the claim was rejected. His lordship observes that
"That was a case in which the old government existed under the King's charter, and a revolution took place, though the new government
was acknowledged by this county. Yet it was held that the property, which belonged to a corporation existing under the King's charter, was not transferred to a body which did not exist under his authority, and therefore the fund in this country was considered to be bona vacantia belonging to the Crown."
Another and perhaps a more intelligible reason is assigned in the case itself -- namely that the funds were vested by the old government in the hands of the trustees by the act of 1733 for certain specific trusts, the execution of which was then rendered impossible. "There is no specific purpose," says the chancellor,
"that the will of the present government can point out, for which purpose, according to the original creation of the trust, I can direct the trustee to transfer. It is therefore the common case of a trust, without any specific purpose to which it can be applied, the consequence of which is that the right to dispose of this money is vested in the Crown."
Now it is quite clear that if the premises upon which this case was decided were correct, the conclusion is so. The old government was treated as a corporation which ceased to exist as such by the new form of government, deriving its name, its existence, and its constitution, from a totally different source from that under which the old corporation existed. The old corporation no longer existed, the consequence of which was precisely that which would take place in case of the dissolution of any private corporation: their
legal right would cease, and would not descend or pass to the new corporation. So too, if the specific purpose for which the trust was created had ceased, the disposition of the fund clearly devolved upon the Crown.
But in this case the plaintiffs exist at this day as a corporation, precisely as it did before the Revolution, and the specific purposes to which the trust was to be applied by the terms of the charter still remain the same. The cases, therefore, are totally unlike each other.
2. The next question is was this property protected against forfeiture for the cause of alienage or otherwise by the treaty of peace? This question, as to real estates belonging to British subjects, was finally settled in this Court in the case of Orr v. Hodgson, 4 Wheat. 453, in which it was decided that the 6th article of the treaty protected the titles of such persons to lands in the United States which would have been liable to forfeiture by escheat for the cause of alienage or to confiscation jure belli.
The counsel for the defendants did not controvert this doctrine so far as it applies to natural persons, but he contends that the treaty does not in its terms embrace corporations existing in England, and that it ought not to be so construed. The words of the 6th article are
"There shall be no future confiscations made, nor any prosecutions commenced, against any person or persons, for or by reason of the part which he or they may have taken in the present war, and that no person shall on that account suffer any future
loss or damage, either in his person, liberty, or property,"
&c.
The terms in which this article is expressed are general and unqualified, and we are aware of no rule of interpretation applicable to treaties or to private contracts which would authorize the court to make exceptions by construction where the parties to the contract have not thought proper to make them. Where the language of the parties is clear of all ambiguity, there is no room for construction. Now the parties to this treaty have agreed that there shall be no future confiscations in any case for the cause stated. How can this Court say that this is a case where, for the cause stated or for some other, confiscation may lawfully be decreed? We can discover no sound reason why a corporation existing in England may not as well hold real property in the United States as ordinary trustees for charitable or other purposes or as natural persons for their own use. We have seen that the exemption of either or all of those persons from the jurisdiction of the courts of the state where the property lies affords no such reason.
It is said that a corporation cannot hold lands except by permission of the sovereign authority. But this corporation did hold the land in question by permission of the sovereign authority before, during, and subsequent to the Revolution up to the year 1794, when the Legislature of Vermont granted it to the Town of New Haven, and the only question is whether this grant was not void
by force of the 6th article of the above treaty? We think it was.
Was it meant to be contended that the plaintiffs are not within the protection of this article because they are not persons who could take part in the war or who can be considered by the court as British subjects? If this were to be admitted, it would seem to follow that a corporation cannot lose its title to real estate upon the ground of alienage, since, in its civil capacity, it cannot be said to be born under the allegiance of any sovereign. But this would be to take a very incorrect view of the subject. In the case of Bank of the United States v. Deveaux, 5 Cranch 86, it was stated by the court that a corporation, considered as a mere legal entity, is not a citizen, and therefore could not as such sue in the courts of the United States unless the rights of the members of it in this respect could be exercised in their corporate name. It was added that the name of the corporation could not be an alien or a citizen, but the corporation may be the one or the other, and the controversy is in fact between those persons and the opposing party.
But even if it were admitted that the plaintiffs are not within the protection of the treaty, it would not follow that their right to hold the land in question was divested by the act of 1794 and became vested in the Town of New Haven. At the time when this law was enacted, the plaintiffs, though aliens, had a complete, though defeasible, title to the land of which they could not be deprived
for the cause of alienage, but by an inquest of office, and no grant of the state could, upon the principles of the common law, be valid until the title of the state was so established. Fairfax's devisee v. Hunter's lessee, 7 Cranch 503. Nor is it pretended by the counsel for the defendants that this doctrine of the common law was changed by any statute law of the State of Vermont at the time when this land was granted to the Town of New Haven. This case is altogether unlike that of Smith v. Maryland, 6 Cranch 286, which turned upon an act of that state, passed in the year 1780 during the Revolutionary War, which declared that all property within the state belonging to British subjects should be seized and was thereby confiscated to the use of the state, and that the commissioners of confiscated estates should be taken as being in the actual seizin and possession of the estates so confiscated, without any office found, entry, or other act to be done. The law in question passed long after the treaty of 1783, and without confiscating or forfeiting this land (even if that could be legally done), grants the same to the Town of New Haven.
3. The last question respects the effect of the late war between Great Britain and the United States upon rights existing under the treaty of peace. Under this head it is contended by the defendants' counsel that although the plaintiffs were protected by the treaty of peace, still the effect of the last war was to put an end to that treaty and consequently to civil rights derived
under it unless they had been revived and preserved by the Treaty of Ghent.
If this argument were to be admitted in all its parts, it nevertheless would not follow that the plaintiffs are not entitled to a judgment on this special verdict. The defendants claim title to the land in controversy solely under the act of 1794, stated in the verdict, and contend that by force of that law the title of the plaintiffs was divested. But if the Court has been correct in its opinion upon the two first points, it will follow that the above act was utterly void, being passed in contravention of the treaty of peace, which in this respect is to be considered as the supreme law. Remove that law, then, out of the case, and the title of the plaintiffs, confirmed by the treaty of 1794, remains unaffected by the last war, it not appearing from the verdict that the land was confiscated or the plaintiffs' title in any way divested during the war or since by office found or even by any legislative act.
But there is a still more decisive answer to this objection, which is that the termination of a treaty cannot divest rights of property already vested under it.
If real estate be purchased or secured under a treaty, it would be most mischievous to admit that the extinguishment of the treaty extinguished the right to such estate. In truth, it no more affects such rights than the repeal of a municipal law affects rights acquired under it. If, for example, a statute of descents be repealed, it has never been supposed that rights of property
already vested during its existence were gone by such repeal. Such a construction would overturn the best established doctrines of law and sap the very foundation on which property rests.
But we are not inclined to admit the doctrine urged at the bar that treaties become extinguished ipso facto by war between the two governments unless they should be revived by an express or implied renewal on the return of peace. Whatever may be the latitude of doctrine laid down by elementary writers on the law of nations dealing in general terms in relation to this subject, we are satisfied that the doctrine contended for is not universally true. There may be treaties of such a nature as to their object and import as that war will put an end to them, but where treaties contemplate a permanent arrangement of territorial and other national rights, or which in their terms are meant to provide for the event of an intervening war, it would be against every principle of just interpretation to hold them extinguished by the event of war. If such were the law, even the treaty of 1783, so far as it fixed our limits and acknowledged our independence, would be gone, and we should have had again to struggle for both upon original revolutionary principles. Such a construction was never asserted and would be so monstrous as to supersede all reasoning.
We think therefore that treaties stipulating for permanent rights and general arrangements and professing to aim at perpetuity and to deal with the case of war as well as of peace do not cease on the occurrence of war, but are, at most, only suspended
while it lasts, and unless they are waived by the parties or new and repugnant stipulations are made, they revive in their operation at the return of peace.
A majority of the Court is of opinion that judgment upon this special verdict ought to be given for the plaintiffs, which opinion is to be certified to the circuit court.
Certificate for the plaintiffs.
21 U.S. 464


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April 27, 2008 / 8:16 AM / 11 years ago
Iran says Iraq situation makes U.S. attack unlikely
TEHRAN (Reuters) - Iran said on Sunday a "disastrous situation" facing the United States in Iraq and Afghanistan coupled with Washington's domestic issues made any U.S. attack on the Islamic Republic unlikely.
Iran's Foreign Ministry spokesman Mohammad Ali Hosseini speaks to journalists during a news conference in Tehran February 12, 2007. REUTERS/Raheb Homavandi
The Foreign Ministry comments came two days after the U.S. Navy said a cargo ship hired by the U.S. military fired warning shots at approaching boats in the Gulf, underscoring tension in an area vital to world oil shipments, and driving up crude prices.
"We think it would be unlikely the Americans would take the decision to get themselves into a new fiasco, the consequences of which they themselves have acknowledged would be painful for the region and the world," spokesman Mohammad Ali Hosseini said.
"We hope those who think better in America view the realities more closely and manage to correct such approaches," he told a news conference.
Relations between Washington and Tehran, which have not had diplomatic ties for nearly three decades, are tense over Iran's nuclear programme and over who is to blame for violence in Iraq.
Hostile rhetoric between the two foes and close encounters in the Gulf have fuelled some speculation the United States may be planning some sort of military action against Tehran.
However, a U.S. intelligence report in December that said Iran halted a nuclear weapons programme in 2003 made any U.S. attack very unlikely, analysts say. Iran denies ever having ambitions to build nuclear weapons.
Last week, U.S. Defense Secretary Robert Gates said another Middle East war would be "disastrous on a number of levels".
But he added the military option must be kept on the table "given the destabilizing policies of the regime and the risks inherent in a future Iranian nuclear threat — either directly or through proliferation."
But Hosseini dismissed the likelihood of any U.S. military strike "in view of the numerous problems the Americans are facing, along with the disastrous situation in Iraq and Afghanistan and (their) domestic problems."
Iran to discuss pipeline with India, Pakistan
Iran urges Azeris to release atomic plant parts
He did not specify what domestic U.S. problems he was referring to but the Bush administration is facing low approval ratings and an economic downturn during its last year in office.
U.S. defence officials first said they suspected the approaching vessels in Thursday's incident were Iranian, but a navy spokeswoman later backed away from that charge. Iran denied any confrontation took place in the Gulf.
In January, the United States said five small Iranian speed boats aggressively approached three U.S. Navy ships in the Strait of Hormuz, a critical crude oil shipping route. Iran said its boats were simply trying to identify the U.S. vessels.
Reporting by Hossein Jaseb; Writing by Fredrik Dahl; Editing by Myra MacDonald

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Poipole is one of the new Ultra Beasts introduced in Ultra Sun/Moon. In fact, it's the first one you see. You get it as a gift from the Ultra Recon Squad. Its code name is UB Adhesive. It's the only Ultra Beast that can evolve, and as such, has the lowest stats of the Ultra Beasts.
In the anime, a Poipole wandered into Ash's world and was caught by Ash. It stuck around for an whole arc, but eventually left. It liked to draw with the nozzle thing on top of its head.
Stat-wise, its stats alternate between 73 (Attack, Sp Attack, Speed) and 67 (HP, Defense, Sp Defense).


The fouling of heat exchangers is a chronic operating problem in that it reduces heat transfer and energy recovery, resulting in annual industry-wide losses of $4.5bn. The Clean-Ex project is providing the energy sector with a novel on-line cleaning system to mitigate these losses.
Heat exchangers used in the oil, gas, electricity, power and chemical process industries become clogged very quickly. This fouling reduces heat transfer and energy recovery to such an extent that 8% of industrial operating costs can be attributed to heat exchange fouling.
The costs are enormous, amounting to some $4.5bn a year. As heat exchangers currently need to be taken off line for cleaning, downtime increases leading to increased costs and reduced efficiencies.
Armed with €3,990,200 of funding secured through the EU Seventh Framework Programme (FP7), Pera Technology is leading the Clean-Ex project to an innovative solution to this costly problem. For the first time, the project is introducing an on-line cleaning system that is capable of operating under high temperature, low velocity conditions with chemically reactive fluids.
The solution is based on innovative injection technology where projectiles are pushed through heat exchanger tubes continuously whilst in operation, ensuring foulant build up is dramatically reduced. These projectiles are captured and cleaned before being returned into the front end of the system.
Research is concentrating on characterising the foulant deposition mechanism, structure and rate, as well as projectile tribology. The project is also gaining a detailed understanding of heat exchanger fluid flow and its control.
The proposed solution will provide the industry with significant energy savings of over 10% and reduce the CO2 foot print across a wide range of industrial sectors.
The consortium put together by Pera Technology matched the requirements of the project objectives. We are now looking forward to benefitting from the commercial impact of this technology developed.


Suitable for general or oily skin. Containing blue gum eucalyptus essential oils, Aloe Vera extract, cucumber extract and other gentle moisturizing ingredients which provide thorough body cleaning. After washing the body, the skin feels moisturized, refreshed and not dry.


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Home True Horror The True Story Behind 'Open Water'
The True Story Behind 'Open Water'
via RogerEbert.com
Summer is nearly upon us, and as far as many are concerned, it's already here. Schools have been letting out and the temperatures have been rising. With this in mind, there's a good chance you'll be making a trip to the ocean sometime in the near future. Doesn't it seem like a good time to revisit Open Water?
It's hard to believe, but the film came out eleven years ago this August. Oh how the time flies. I don't get to the ocean that often myself, but that hasn't kept me from thinking about the events of this film just about every time I do or even imagine being out in its vast expanse.
I've loved Open Water since I first saw it. It's one of those rare movies that, for me, captures a primal form of dread that stems directly from its realism. This could happen to me, and if it did, I would be absolutely fucked.
As a matter of fact, the movie is based on a true story. Most people know that I think, but I wonder how many have bothered to really learn about the events that inspired the film.
In real life, Tom and Eileen Lonergan, a married couple from Baton Rouge, were stranded in the Coral Sea (part of the South Pacific off the northeast coast of Australia) on January 25, 1998. After completing a two-year tour of duty with the Peace Corps. they had been scuba diving with a group at St. Crispin's reef, which is part of Australia's Great Barrier Reef. Like in the movie, nobody that was on the their boat noticed that they hadn't re-boarded when it was time to leave. The captain reportedly indicated that he had a crew member count heads, and that the number was mistaken due to a couple of people who had gotten back out to swim after re-boarding.
via Wikipedia
A particularly haunting excerpt from a Wikipedia article on the couple says:
It was not until two days later, on January 27, 1998, that the pair was discovered to be missing after a bag containing their belongings was found on board the dive boat. A massive air and sea search took place over the following three days. Although some of their diving gear was found washed up later on a beach miles away from where they were lost, indicating that they drowned, their bodies were never found. Fishermen found a diver's slate (a device used for communicating underwater) and wrote down what it reportedly read: "[Mo]nday Jan 26; 1998 08am. To anyone [who] can help us: We have been abandoned on A[gin]court Reef by MV Outer Edge 25 Jan 98 3pm. Please help us [come] to rescue us before we die. Help!!!
There was at one point speculation that the couple staged their own disappearance and/or a double suicide or murder-suicide based on some apparently troubling diary entries, but according to Eileen's family, these had been taken out of context and dismissed by the family as well as the coroner. Her dad reportedly believed the couple to have drowned or succumbed to sharks, and the boat's captain, Geoffrey Nairn, was formally charged in their death, but found not guilty. His company Outer Edge Dive Company was fined after pleading guilty to negligence.
A 2003 article from Jason Daley of Outside has quotes form Nairn and the dad:
Nairn, who closed down Outer Edge Dive shortly thereafter, believes that the Lonergans died on the reef. "It was a tragedy, and I'll never get over it," he told Outside. "The highest probability is that Tom and Eileen are dead."
Back in Baton Rouge, Eileen's father, John Hains, also believes that the couple drowned after being accidentally left behind. "The Australian dive industry wanted to prove that Tom and Eileen faked their deaths," he says of the disappearance theories. "But the survival rate of being in the ocean with no place to go is nil."
A story from The Guardian written after the movie's release says:
Other clues offered tantalising glimpses of what might have happened. A wetsuit of Eileen's size washed up in north Queensland in early February; scientists measuring the speed of barnacle growth on its zip estimated that it was lost on January 26. Tears in the material around the buttocks and armpit had apparently been caused by coral.
Inflatable dive jackets marked with Tom and Eileen's names were later washed ashore north of Port Douglas, along with their tanks – still buoyed up by a few remnants of air – and one of Eileen's fins. None showed any signs of the damage you would expect from a violent end, suggesting that the couple were not the victim of a shark attack, as the film suggests. Experts at the inquest speculated that, drifting helplessly back and forth on the tides in the building heat of the tropical sun, the couple may have been driven delirious by dehydration and have voluntarily struggled out of their cumbersome outfits. Without the buoyancy provided by their dive jackets and wetsuits, they would not have been able to tread water for long.
The Lonergans' story appeared on both 20/20 and Dateline.
Open Water is a fictionalized version of the events. The characters are different, and even the setting is different with the movie taking place in the Atlantic and being filmed in the Bahamas, the Virgin Islands, the Grenadines, and Mexico.
Kevin Cassell claims to have known Tom and Eileen, and put this video on YouTube to show what they were really like, which according to him, was nothing like the characters in Open Water.
It's important to remember that Open Water is not a documentary. At the end of the day, it's a horror movie and a damn effective one at that. Even if the film was not an accurate representation of the actual people the tragic events happened to, I think it does get across the terror of such a situation very well. Of course I've never been in such a situation, but I do know one thing. I won't be taking any scuba diving trips anytime soon, and if I do, there's no way I won't be thinking about Open Water.
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You are here: Home | HAPPY NEW YEAR!
We hope that you all had a peaceful festive break and wish you all a very happy New Year.
2017 looks set to be a very busy year for Centre for Independent Living Kent but with a full board of trustees and a new patron in place we are back and ready to tackle the challenges this year has in store for us!
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text:
Holden House a step closer to historic designation
Aaron London
alondon@news-jrnl.com
With a unanimous vote by the Florida National Register Review Board, the Holden House Museum is one step closer to being listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
The meeting in Tallahassee last Thursday included six other properties in the Sunshine State under consideration for the designation, according to local historian Randy Jaye, who has spearheaded the effort to get the former home of pharmacists and civic leader Tom Holden added to the list of historically significant places.
[READ: Historian leads effort to put Holden House on national register]
"These are professional architects, anthropologists and historians," Jaye said of the state review board. "They are very polite, very interesting people."
Jaye said after a brief powerpoint presentation the board opened the floor for public comments.
"I stood up and made a two- to three-minute comment about the history of Holden House and the property itself and there was a little bit of discussion," he said. "They were very interested and happy that somebody was there to support the property."
The application will now be forwarded to the Interior Department in Washington for final review by the National Park Service and a decision is expected in about a month and a half, Jaye said.
"There is a person in the National Park Service called the 'Keeper of the National Register,'" he said. "Once they get the application, it is about a 45-day process for them to make the final decision."
Jaye said he is optimistic the Bunnell property will make the National Register.
"I'm pretty confident this is going to go through," he said. "The Holden House is a really fine example of that bungalow architectural style and it's on its 100th anniversary and in excellent preserved condition, and plus it is a public museum."
According to the National Park Service website, there are several criteria for listing on the National Register of Historic Places, including the building or property's significance in American history, architecture, engineering and culture. In addition, other criteria for potential sites include whether they are associated with lives of significant persons, embody "distinctive characteristics of type, period or method of construction" or may be likely to yield "information important in history or prehistory."
Flagler County Administrator Craig Coffey said the property is part of Flagler County's rich history and applauded the decision of the state review board.
"It is wonderful to acknowledge and preserve the history of the Holden House," Coffey said in an email. "It was built in 1918 at the tail end of World War I, just one year after Flagler officially became a county. It's grown up with Flagler County and has been witness to the vast improvements made over the decades to our transportation — cars, trains and airplanes — as well as our infrastructure and population growth."
With the Holden House application in the final stage of consideration, Jaye is not resting on his laurels. He has already begun conducting research for two more properties: Bunnell's coquina city hall and the city's water tower.
"I am in the process of firming up a research project on both of those properties," Jaye said. "Those two properties are pretty significant, historically."
Jaye said he expects the process to be smoother with the water tower and city hall applications.
"Once you go through the process one time, the second, third and fourth time becomes a lot easier," he said. "One day I will probably do the old Flagler County Courthouse."
Jaye said it is important to preserve historically significant sites in the county.
"There's a lot of resources around here that are not just locally important, they have a lot of national historical significance as well," he said.


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If anyone could tell me or point me in the right direction here, my budget ranges from 250-300 quid. Tell me if I will be able to improve my FPS once I've replaced the CPU.


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Me and our Saoirse having fun in quarantine
I can't believe it's taken me three posts to get caught up after going silent during the lockdown. I had nothing but time on my hands and I didn't waste it, that's for sure. When I put up the video of Absent Friends and people really responded to it, it gave me an idea….why don't I do a whole EP like this? I thought it would keep me busy and I liked the idea of turning something so bad into something positive.
I already had one original song and I'd been spending my time learning a lot of traditional folk songs, so I thought I'd write one more original and include three or four trad folk songs that where in the public domain (no copyright issues). The song I wrote was called She passed out on the floor…
She Passed out on the Floor
listen to the song on youtube
This song began as a slow finger picking part that I'd written for guitar. I kept playing it over and over and started to hum a bit of a melody, but I had no ideas for a song. I wanted one more song for the EP, but I wasn't sure what to write it about.
My inspiration came when I read an internet post about a case of sexual assault where some guys had gotten in trouble because they stood and watched as the assault took place. Obviously they argued that they had no part in it, but that defence didn't work out so well for them.
I had a similar experience when I was in high school. A girl I knew got very drunk at a party and she passed out on the basement floor. There was a guy there who a lot older than the rest of us (dating one of the girls upstairs) and he was a big local drug dealer and thug. Anyway I was trying to get the girl to the bathroom and stop her choking cos she had started to vomit up the whiskey she'd drunk and this guy approached. I assumed he was going to help, but he very quickly started proposing we could do what we wanted to her and she'd never even remember.
My first instinct was shock and I told him to just fuck off. I got the girl to the bathroom and she had come round enough to know where she was and to hold herself up. This guy was still lurking and he tried to convince me again. I lost my temper and I punched him on the jaw, but he was much bigger and stronger and the fight didn't go well for me.
I wasn't as badly hurt as I write about in the song, and my friends didn't hear things and come help either, but it had rattled him and made him realize he wasn't getting through me so he left. He went back up stairs and acted like nothing had happened. No one at the party would help get her home, so I walked her home and that was that.
I felt I could tell this story over the finger picking part that I was working on, so I started jotting down some lyric ideas and tried to find a title/hook. I also recorded the chord sequence and used that recording to construct a solid melody on my mandolin (something I do a lot now).
The arrangement for the song is quite simple. I sing over the finger-picked guitar part and the melody is supported by a mandolin. There is also a simple stand up bass part throughout the song. Later in the song I introduce some violins and an accordion.
The recording is structured like a triangle. It starts with only guitar, mando and vocals and after each couple of verses a new instrument is added. The middle part of the song is the peak where the last instrument, the accordion joins and from then on I take away instruments until it ends with just mandolin and guitar.
The song consists of four verses and I repeat the first verse again at the end of the song. The first verse contains the title/hook of the song, which is why I decided to repeat it again at the end as a nice way to tie things up and relieve tensions. The song follows the story and builds with the tension as the story unfolds. The second to last verse is a kind of a moral summing up of the story. I think it's a cool song, because it's just telling a story it's not trying to be catchy or anything like that, it's a nice piece of music which follows the flow of a story. Heres the lyrics…
She had a bottle of whiskey
A kind I never saw before
Twas branded with the Devil
And they called it Fireball
She drank it down and laid her down
I thought she was no more
But she threw it up muttered fuck
Then she passed out on the floor
A gob shite who shared me name
Spied this from the hall
With a grin said let's dig in
She won't remember this at all
He was twice me size with crazy eyes
But I never missed a beat
Upon his chin I belted him
And knocked him off his feet
He quickly stood himself back up
And wiped the blood away
He said ok you little fuck
Come on then let us play
I cannot lie he blacked me eye
Two ribs the bastard broke
But all that noise summoned the boys
And the bastard gave up hope
Me father always taught me
To never hurt a girl
He said we must protect them
He said they meant the world
So lads don't ever stand by
And idly watch it done
Stand up tall prepare to brawl
And be your fathers son
I'm gonna leave it here for now, I guess we'll be having a part four to the trial size apocalypse. Next time I'll briefly discuss the release of The Quarantine Sessions and I'll talk about another song I wrote during the lockdown.
Cheer!
James J. Caron Ohio
Aug 11 2021 3:28 PM
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text:
Filmbuff's Vaults: '5,000 Fingers'
By Morgan Leger
5000 Fingers of Dr. T
Known by his pen name, Dr. Seuss, Theodore Geisel is prominent for writing the classic children books "The Cat in the Hat," "The Lorax" and "How the Grinch Stole Christmas," which almost everyone knows or reads.
What some Dr. Suess fans do not know is that he once teamed up with Stanley Kramer, director and producer of the infamous message stories such as "Guess Who's Coming to Dinner." What resulted was the first and only live-action Seuss film to be created and written by the popular author himself.
"The 5,000 Fingers of Dr. T" begins with the introduction of Bart Collins, a young boy that would rather go outside and play baseball then be taught how to play the piano by his tyrannical teacher Dr. Terwilliker, played by the elegant Hans Conried who is better known as the voice of Captain Hook in Disney's "Peter Pan."
He believes that most instruments don't carry that special tune that is heard when playing the piano keys and thus rules them out as alternative choices. While Bart's mother thinks that Terwilliker's harsh teachings are the better recommendation, a plumber named August Zabladowski, who is friends with Bart, thinks otherwise of Terwilliker's teachings but is left to a deaf ear.
Under the shear boredom of his never ending lessons, Bart falls asleep in "Wizard of Oz" fashion and finds himself in a crazy and nightmarish dream where his piano teacher is a ruthless dictator and owns a massive but heavily surreal institute, which at times appears to more of a state prison designed by Salvador Dali.
The performance of the villainous Dr. T is an unforgettable treat to view as he stops at nothing to make sure that his evil plan for the ultimate concerto is to go as planned. In fact at times, he appears to steal the whole show with his over-the-top acting and the wickedness Hans presents to his character.
Cliched as it is, his portrayal of this underrated rogue can be menacing with his decision to kill someone of atom by atom disintegration and yet comical at the same time with his catchy, but yet infamous "Dressing Song."
With all the non-piano playing musicians locked up in his dungeon, he enforces the piano to be the only thing to be used for music and even has a massive grand piano built that harbors 5,000 keys. His plan is to con parents into sending their kids to his institute, entrap them, and force them to play a concerto on his colossal instrument.
He also manages to hypnotize Bart's mother into marrying him and thus forces his step-son to practice before the big day comes when he gets the other 4,990 fingers to fill up the empty seats.
Luckily, his friend August happens to be there, to install all the sinks before a vital inspection takes place, and is convinced to help him end this nightmare before a single note is played.
Loaded with a great amount of dream-like visuals and designs based from Seuss' illustrations, "The 5,000 Fingers of Dr. T" is a strange but yet enjoyable romp into the world of music as depicted through the mind of a kid.
While there are moments that appear to be very psychadelic and bizarre for a kids' film, the sets and creatures are a spectacle to view, such as a pair roller skating Siamese twins conjoined at the beard which is among the many of Dr. T's minions.
The songs are not too corny, and prove to be enjoyable while having elements from the 1950s that tend to date the film. The climax involves an atomic bomb reference which is crucial to the plot which provides proof on just how dark but yet whimsical the man who made the "Cat in the Hat" can get.
While unfortunately the massive negative reception caused Seuss to treat this film as his "ugly stepchild" and request no mention of it in his autobiography, this forgotten flick has gained a cult following for being the only live action feature to be made before his death in the early '90s.
In fact, if you compare this to the later live-action adaptations that surfaced in the previous decade, you will find that perhaps this isn't as bad as seeing Mike Meyers playing a six foot cat cracking crude puns, or Ace Ventura himself going green as the Grinch.
Chris • Oct 5, 2010 at 7:26 pm
Are You Going To Do A Top 25 Favorite Movies For The Blog
https://fitchburgpoint.com/594/opinion/the-filmbuffs-vaults-dr-seuss-the-5000-fingers-of-dr-t/#comment-41
Morgan • Oct 5, 2010 at 8:24 pm
Sadly no. More like reviews of underrated nostalgia lore.
Ariana • Oct 5, 2010 at 9:26 am
I love Doctor Seuss! I had no idea he collaborated and actually made a movie, I can't wait to go out and find it now. I enjoyed the brief description, it sounds like a crazy movie
Robert • Oct 5, 2010 at 9:20 am
I had no idea Dr. Seuss ever wrote a live action movie. If this was well recieved he could have been the original Terry Gilliam making mind-bending science fiction films.
Marsden • Oct 5, 2010 at 9:08 am
I had never heard of this before reading this article, but now I think I have to go track this down. I saw a trailer on youtube and it looks bizarre, but awesome.
Where did you find this movie? You should write some more articles on obscure movies.
Morgan • Oct 8, 2010 at 10:06 am
I saw it one day sitting on the shelf of a VHS rental store. The more I saw it, the more curious I got. Thus, I purchased it, watched it, and had to know about it more. And yes, there are more obscure and underrated films on the way…that is "when" they will get posted.
Chris • Sep 27, 2010 at 9:47 pm
Oh and PS Didnt Know Hans Conried Was In This
Yahoo! I Love Dr.Seuss! It's A Shame He Didn't Make More Of These


text:
Are influencers inherently authoritarian? | Salon.com
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There's widespread agreement that the global rise of authoritarianism over the past few years was partly the fault of social media. In organizing nationalist, right-populist, and even outright fascist actions the world over, totally different websites played totally different roles. YouTube and Instagram have been a strong organ for propagandizing youngsters and teenagers. Fb replaced the commons, but in doing so, it balkanized much of humanity, hermetically sealing its users in groupthink bubbles and delivering more and more inflammatory content material to maintain them hooked. Reddit, the digital equal of a meeting hall, for years was hesitant to ban its far-right subreddits on grounds of promoting free speech. And all of those websites, in their everlasting quest to encourage customers to spend as a lot time on them as potential, used algorithms designed to encourage customers to seek out different rabbit holes of content material just like what they appreciated already.
Things modified after Trump — and to a lesser extent Bolsonaro, Duterte and Brexit — gained on the ballot field, and lots of of Silicon Valley's CEOs had a come-to-Jesus second pondering their position in our international authoritarian political second. Therefore, for the past yr or two, these social media websites have begun widespread purges of their far-right, white nationalist and pseudo-fascist customers. The term "deplatforming" refers to when social media websites prohibit or ban customers with repugnant views, proscribing their talents to both radicalize or monetize. Most tech corporations balked, initially, at public calls to deplatform sure noxious customers; however following persistent outrage, the techies finally heard the plenty: we don't need fascists on our platforms, or anyplace.
The astonishing factor about deplatforming is that it works: early alt-right darling Milo Yiannopoulos has been lowered to penury, now unable to make a dwelling off of his poison pen by websites like Patreon, YouTube, Twitter and so forth. The identical goes for reactionary conspiracy theorist Alex Jones. There's empirical evidence that deplatforming lowered the number of individuals coming to them for ideas.
There are still many corners of the internet the place authoritarian and right-nationalism reign supreme, and the place individuals with those views arrange. Nonetheless, if deplatforming is starting to have an effect — and if Facebook and Twitter are abruptly more cautious of the potential for his or her platforms to be used to control — the logic would recommend that as more authoritarians and fascists are deplatformed, the worldwide tide in the direction of authoritarianism may decelerate, or even cease.
There is no evidence that this is occurring, nor that there is much of an effect on extra vital actions. Hungary continues its slide rightward; Turkey has devolved into an authoritarian state, and Brazil's newest president Jair Bolsonaro is about as right as they come in democracies.
In fact, Silicon Valley is just not the only car for the far proper; authoritarian movements predate social media by an extended shot. Still, the global love affair with nationalism and authoritarianism has led me to marvel if perhaps the power of social media to unfold right-wing viewpoints comes about not merely from social media propaganda, however from the best way that content itself is propagated online. More specifically: what if the slide in the direction of authoritarianism has to do with the type of social media, more so than the content material?
The trickle-down politics of tech corporations
Sociologists have long contemplated the relationship between the media we eat and our political views. This is troublesome to suss out, as the connection shouldn't be all the time one-to-one: violent video video games, for example, don't appear to make individuals commit more acts of violence, although there's some proof they make us more aggressive.
Other forms of media seem extra manipulative, empirically speaking. Social media can induce moods in individuals: depressing content material makes individuals sadder, and constructive content happier. Shoppers develop into more narcissistic as they spend more time on social media. That is sensible on the floor: people are social creatures, so it is sensible that being immersed in a culture of selfies and self-promotion would make one feel that they should behave the same method.
Troublingly, a rise in narcissism among the younger and the decline in international help for democracy could possibly be related. A 2018 research found that U.S. and Polish residents that have been extra self-centered expressed less help for democracy. From the Pacific Commonplace:
…individuals with greater ranges of narcissism have been extra tepid of their endorsement of democracy. Particularly, they have been extra more likely to agree with statements corresponding to, "Democracies are indecisive and squabble too much" and "Democracies aren't good at maintaining order."
Not surprisingly, people who held right-wing authoritarian views (measured solely within the American sample) have been less more likely to endorse democratic values. But even after that mindset was taken under consideration, narcissism was still associated with lower help for freedom-based, consultant authorities.
It's intriguing to me that narcissists are much less supportive of democracy, and that narcissism is among the traits associated with authoritarian leaders — certainly, it is a trait that is celebrated by authoritarians' followers. Likewise, Trump was maybe the best instance of a narcissist who leveraged social media to build his following.
And talking of Trump, how and why was he capable of get away with how he constructed his following? Trump leveraged the free publicity machine of Twitter to construct a following that many would regard as at the least demi-authoritarian in nature. He built a cult of character around himself. And he was capable of do all of this due to the structure of Twitter itself.
Meet the influencers
Silicon Valley shouldn't be precisely an exporter of democracy, as lots of its luminaries reveal. PayPal co-founder and billionaire enterprise capitalist Peter Thiel has railed towards democracy as incompatible with freedom. He gleefully analogized tech corporations to dictatorial monarchies. Nonetheless different techies in his circle type the crux of a rising motion of techno-authoritarians, individuals who work in or among the tech business and consider that monarchies or despotisms are the easiest way to rule over individuals. Perhaps the hierarchical nature of tech corporations, and the CEO- and founder-worship drawback in Silicon Valley has led some techies to find their politics in that lens as nicely.
Though maybe it is unsurprising that some techies would turn authoritarian, as we know of different situations through which the organizational construction of institutions typically begets their politics. As I've written earlier than, the anarchic desert canvas of Burning Man was simply gentrified and remade by rich individuals as a result of it by no means had any egalitarian assure from the beginning. If there are not any rules from the beginning, nor laws, these with probably the most energy and probably the most money reign supreme, as they've the best potential to form a panorama.
Nowhere is that this more true than on the earth of social media. Anyone can achieve a social media following, however it's best when you have cash — to advertise your content material to others, to vet your tweets before they go out to stop you from saying something too inflammatory, and to spread your message extensively by way of the magic of PR companies. The landscape of social media is already deeply classist on this sense. The individuals whose views you're more likely to encounter are more likely to be the rich and powerful (That is oddly analogous to American politics: an enormous research of American elections, typically cited by Noam Chomsky, discovered a linear relationship between which congressional candidate raised extra money and which one gained).
The panorama of social media is by no means a democracy. Even the best way that social media websites construction themselves promotes a kind of top-down strategy to existence: Twitter and Instagram profiles prominently listing one's "followers." Not one's "coevals" or "co-equals," but followers — a telling word that recollects cults. The language implies that Instagram and Twitter consist, then, of leaders — the people who dictate right down to us, the lowly followers.
The dystopian term "influencer" has gained mainstream acceptance over the past few years, and means, roughly, a postmodern superstar whose fame derives from their movie star. Marketers hunt down sponsorships with influencers to help sell their products out to the influencer's followers. Influencers typically do nothing aside from look as if their lives are pleasurable, which is the purpose of image-centric social media sites like Instagram and YouTube. The thought sounds inane to older generations, however the youngest era reared on these websites, are obsessed. Parenting blogs are rife with accounts of youngsters who turn into addicted to YouTube; a British advertising research claimed that around 17% of 11-16-year-olds aspired to be "social media influencers" once they grew up.
As influencer tradition attests, the whole construction of social media is top-down, a corporation of leaders and followers, the kings and the peons. Many critics have written off social media as the last word software of neoliberal tradition, a vessel for hyperindividualism that encourages all of us to see our humanity as absolutely monetized. You'll be able to see how the extra hierarchical features of social media may additionally lend themselves to authoritarian considering, too. (Not that neoliberal economic policies and authoritarianism are mutually unique, however they will exist individually, too.)
We, the followers, aren't finding area on Instagram or YouTube to work collectively and construct solidarity actions. It's merely not designed to try this, no less than not easily — and that's not what makes these corporations cash.
Social media is designed to encourage us to attempt to turn into influencers, leaders whose ideas might be believed by advantage of our follower counts, who will probably be listened to and paid consideration to merely as a result of our reputation is a self-reinforcing suggestions loop. It sounds an awful lot like authoritarianism, albeit with a faintly egalitarian twist — anybody can turn out to be an elite in case you just monetize nicely enough and get that follower rely up.
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Dr. Atkisson has worked in administrative, consultation, and teaching capacities for a number of organizations in Tarrant County. She works to improve mental health in Texas by serving as President-Elect of the Texas Society of Psychiatric Physicians.
She is also a Distinguished Fellow of the American Psychiatric Association. She has been included in "Texas Super Doctors", in which doctors are voted upon by other physicians in Texas and listed in Texas Monthly magazine as well as "Top Docs" in which Tarrant County physicians vote for doctors who they see as excellent in their field.
Dr. Atkisson is board certified in General Psychiatry and Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.


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You are here: Home » Entertainment » Martini's Above Fourth Presents John Lloyd Young
Martini's Above Fourth Presents John Lloyd Young
Patty Ducey-Brooks | July 2, 2018	| 0 Comments
At 8 p.m., Thursday July 26, John Lloyd Young will perform at Martini's Above Fourth, located at 3940 Fourth Avenue, Suite 200 in the Hillcrest area of San Diego.
Considered a classic artist, John Lloyd Young delivers a song with an immediacy and originality that makes even long-established hits feel like they're unfolding in front of you for the very first time. Young's latest concert Introducing: John Lloyd Young is a celebration of classic hits from the '50s and '60s presented in the authentic acoustic style of original rock 'n' roll, Doo-Wop and R&B standards. Along with tracks from Young's critically acclaimed debut album "My Turn" the show features; "Sherry", "Can't Take My Eyes Off of You", "Hold Me, Thrill Me, Kiss Me", "In the Still of the Night" along with treasures by Roy Orbison, The Temptations, Carole King, Dusty Springfield, Al Green and Little Anthony.
Tony and Grammy Award winner John Lloyd Young originated the role of Frankie Valli in Broadway's Tony Award winning Best Musical and international hit, "Jersey Boys." As Valli, Young garnered unprecedented accolades from New York and national media, including one of the most the most exciting New York Times reviews ever written for an actor making a Broadway debut.
Young played to sold-out crowds of 17,000-plus as Marius in "Les Miserables" at the Hollywood Bowl, was the first-ever guest star invited to appear on Fox-TV's "Golden Globe" and Emmy-winning hit, "Glee"; and guest starred opposite Michael Chiklis on CBS' drama, "Vegas."
To make reservations to this special performance, call (619) 400-4500.
John Lloyd Young delivers a song with immediacy and originality.
Tags: Martini's Above Fourth, Tony and Grammy Award winner John Lloyd Young
Category: Entertainment, feature, Local News
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Located in southeast central Denver, Montclair borders Congress Park to the east. This neighborhood carries historical value with distinctive nineteenth-century homes, but has seen extraordinary development of modern, contemporary homes.
Montclair boasts its famous centerpiece, the Richthofen Castle, a 14,938 square-foot mansion in the heart of the locale. The neighborhood also includes 4 public parks available for your outdoor activity needs. Cherry Creek is a quick drive down the road for your shopping needs. The former Lowry Air Force base development has added a wide array of shopping, dining and entertainment options, as well.
If are interested in a community full of historical architecture and enjoy having the nearby access to an urban environment, Montclair is the neighborhood for you.
Contact us with any questions, or for more information about this neighborhood.


An air ambulance has landed in Hoddesdon this afternoon (Wednesday, February 14).
The emergency services are believed to be attending an incident in the town centre, with the air ambulance landing in the nearby Barclay Park.
Police are also at the scene and have blocked off part of the town centre.
Amy Franks tweeted: "Helicopter landed in Barclay Park.
Details of the man's condition are not yet known, however the East of England Ambulance Service has been approached for comment.
A witness at the scene said: "The crew returned to the helicopter without any patient.
This image shared on Twitter by Amy Franks shows part of the town centre blocked off by police.
Where has the air ambulance landed?
The air ambulance landed in Barclay Park, Hoddesdon, this afternoon.
It is believed they are attending an incident in the town centre.


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A global network promoting objective and open debate on drug policy
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The 2019 Commission on Narcotic Drugs and its Ministerial Segment: Report of Proceedings
Pretrial detention in Latin America: The disproportionate impact on women deprived of liberty for drug offenses
Taking stock: A decade of drug policy - A civil society shadow report
Political declaration of the high-level meeting on Universal Health Coverage - Three critical elements to achieving UHC
New psychoactive substances in Australia: Who uses them, how prevalent are they, and where are they sourced?
Declaration of Dakar on harm reduction among people who inject drugs in West Africa
Golunov case sheds light on Russia's repressive anti-drugs laws
Modernising Drug Law Enforcement
Health, Modernising Drug Law Enforcement
UNODC Executive Director releases "contributions" ahead of CND High-Level Segment on drugs
By International Drug Policy Consortium (IDPC)
Ahead of the High-Level Segment on the world drug problem to take place on 13th and 14th January 2014, the UNODC Executive Director, Yuri Fedotov, has released his "contributions" to the debate.
This 19-page document is, in parts, refreshingly honest about the "unequal" progress that has been made since 2009 (with reductions in supply or demand for some drugs in some places being offset by increases elsewhere), the setbacks and new challenges, and the fact that "the overall magnitude of drug demand has not substantially changed at the global level". The report also provides a rare endorsement of harm reduction from Mr Fedotov: "Countries which have adequately invested in evidence-informed risk and harm reduction programmes aimed at preventing the spread of HIV through injecting drug use have remarkably reduced HIV transmission among people who inject drugs and their sexual partners".
Mr Fedotov concludes the report with a series of lessons learned and "reflections on the way forward" – including the need to rebalance efforts (and funding) away from law enforcement and into health, the value of harm reduction and evidence-based treatment, the need for drug responses to be "in line with human rights standards", the futility of criminalising people who use drugs, and ensuring access to controlled drugs for medical purposes. While urging against changes to the conventions themselves (and incorrectly stating that "The drug control system reduces the availability of harmful substances and mitigates the high risks associated with their use… [and] drives their prices higher"), the report includes this fascinating passage which shed some light on the emerging position within UNODC ahead of the UNGASS debates:
"There continue to be challenges in the implementation of the international drug control conventions which should be openly recognized and discussed. Many of the challenges are associated with misconceptions about what the conventions actually stipulate, indicating that there is a need to raise awareness about the content and spirit of the conventions.
It is important to reaffirm the original spirit of the conventions, focusing on health. The conventions are not about waging a "war on drugs" but about protecting the "health and welfare of mankind". They cannot be interpreted as a justification — much less a requirement — for a prohibitionist regime but as the foundation of a drug control system where some psychoactive substances are permitted solely for medical and scientific purposes because, if used without the advice and supervision of medical doctors or licensed health professionals, they can cause substantial harm to people's health and to society."
For more information about the High-Level Segment, please click here or visit the CND Blog.
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Why we should care about global drug policy advocacy – Gearing up for the 2019 Ministerial Segment


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Hull is provincial electoral riding located in the Outaouais region of Quebec, Canada. It includes the entire Hull sector of the city of Gatineau, as well as some additional territory.

It was created for the 1919 election from part of the Ottawa electoral district.

In the change from the 2001 to the 2011 electoral map, it gained some territory from Pontiac and also a very small amount of territory from Gatineau electoral district.

Members of the Legislative Assembly / National Assembly

Election results

|-

|Liberal
|Maryse Gaudreault
|align="right"|7,403
|align="right"|45.21
|align="right"|+2.68

|-

|-

|Liberal
|Roch Cholette
|align="right"|16262
|align="right"|57.25
|align="right"|-2.05

|-

|-

|-

|Independent
|Maxime Gauld
|align="right"|155
|align="right"|0.55
|align="right"|-
|-

|-

|Independent
|Gheorghe Irimia
|align="right"|37
|align="right"|0.13
|align="right"|-
|-
|}

|-

|Liberal
|Roch Cholette
|align="right"|18,873
|align="right"|59.30
|align="right"|+2.74

|-

|Socialist Democracy
|Marc Bonhomme
|align="right"|291
|align="right"|0.91
|align="right"|-
|-

|Natural Law
|Rita Bouchard
|align="right"|266
|align="right"|0.84
|align="right"|-
|-

|-

|Independent
|Gheorghe Irimia
|align="right"|37
|align="right"|0.13
|align="right"|-
|-
|}

References

External links
Information
 Elections Quebec

Election results
 Election results (National Assembly)

Maps
 2011 map (PDF)
 2001 map (Flash)
2001–2011 changes (Flash)
1992–2001 changes (Flash)
 Electoral map of Outaouais region
 Quebec electoral map, 2011

Politics of Gatineau
Hull
1919 establishments in Quebec

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Shocker: Earth Tremor Causes Panic In Kaduna Community
Residents of Kwoi community in Jaba Local Government Area of Kaduna State have been living in fear over what they described as an earth tremor which occurred on Saturday.
A resident of the community described to our correspondent on telephone how the underground vibration shakes houses in the affected community to their foundations.
He said that residents have fled their homes for fear of being caught unawares by the disturbing occurrence.
Meanwhile, the Kaduna state government has appealed to the people of the community to be calm.
In a statement issued on Sunday by spokesman to the state governor, Samuel Aruwan, the government said that a formal report has been made to the appropriate authorities to investigate the development and issue appropriate guidance.
The statement directs the State Emergency Management Agency (SEMA) to mobilise its officials to the area and to monitor the situation and assist the people in case of any emergency.
An earth tremor, according to geologists, is the perceptible shaking of the surface of the earth, resulting from the sudden release of energy in the earth's crust that creates seismic waves.
Nigerian Minister Says Bag of rice may sell for N40,000 by December
"Iheanacho delighted with derby goal"


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OSUN: Adeleke makes first appointments as governor
By Funmilayo Adeniji Last updated Nov 28, 2022
THE newly-elected governor of Osun State, Ademola Adeleke, has made his first appointment by designating Rasheed Olawale as his chief press secretary.
Adeleke also gave his approval for the appointment of Teslim Igbalaye as the State Government's Secretary and Kazeem Akinleye as his chief of staff.
According to the governor, the appointments are effective immediately.
Adeleke, who took office yesterday, immediately froze all public accounts and changed the name of the state from the State of Osun to Osun State.
The "Dancing Senator," as he is referred to, accused his predecessor Gboyega Oyetola of taking some malicious actions against him including the appointment of permanent secretaries.
Adeleke thus ordered the "immediate freezing of all government accounts in banks and other financial institutions. Immediate establishment of a panel to carry out an inventory and recover all government assets. An immediate establishment of a panel to review all appointments and major decisions of the immediate past administration taken after the 17th of July 2022
"An immediate reversal to the constitutionally recognised name of our state, Osun State. All government insignia, correspondences, and signages should henceforth reflect Osun State rather than State of Osun which is unknown to the Nigerian constitution."
At the July governorship election, Adeleke of the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) defeated Oyetola of the All Progressives Congress (APC), who was running for reelection. The Independent National Electoral Commission then declared the PDP candidate the winner after he won 17 out of 30 local governments (INEC).
Since then, the APC candidate has taken the winner to the election tribunal over allegations of election malfeasance.
Funmilayo Adeniji 2089 posts 0 comments
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When you own the tools and materials and have the know-how, building your own custom chicken coop can be one of the most rewarding aspects of keeping chickens. But what happens if you don't have so much as a screwdriver and have no carpentry skills of which to speak? When my husband and I left New York City for his hometown in North Carolina, we were very much those people.
Our carpentry skills haven't improved too much in the years since, but our knowledge and experience of chickens and their particular needs has. Shopping for a coop that suits both your needs and theirs can be somewhat of an art, so keep these thoughts in mind as you do your research.
1. Is the Coop Chicken-Friendly?
You might be surprised to learn how many chicken coops are constructed with only the chicken keeper in mind. Some coops are designed for aesthetic purposes, while others are made for ease of cleaning. However, the best coops have it all: what chickens need, what keepers need, and an eye-catching design—preferably in that order.
So what does a chicken-friendly coop look like? For starters, it needs to provide protection from the elements: It should be safe, dry and have adequate ventilation. It should have at least 10 inches of roost space for each bird it houses and at least one nest box for every four to five birds in your flock. Preferably, the nest boxes would be lower than the roosts and low to the ground. The coop should have a pop door and a ramp that allows the birds to get in and out with ease.
2. Is the Coop Chicken Keeper-Friendly?
A coop that's accessible to you, your family and anyone else caring for the chickens is a coop you'll enjoy using and will care for diligently. Chicken keeper-friendly coops are, first and foremost, easy to clean. If the coop is large enough to step inside, the door should be easy to get in and out of and have a simple yet secure lock system. Any main door to the coop—not counting the pop door, which is rather small—should allow easy access to the entire coop. Cleaning a coop is not pretty business, but the easier it is to clean, the more often you will do it and the healthier your birds will be.
Another consideration of keeper-friendly coops is the ease of collecting eggs. While cleaning may be done monthly, quarterly or even yearly, you'll collect eggs daily. Make sure you can easily reach nest boxes—bonus points if they're low enough for young ones to help.
Finally, if you opt for a movable coop, such as a tractor or ark, it should have wheels large enough to accommodate its size and they should move smoothly. Moving your portable coop should be a chore you look forward to, not dread. Make sure you test out these coops by lifting and moving them before you purchase. If the coop can be moved by only one person, even better!
This tip is rather self-explanatory: Coops made with higher-quality materials will last longer and hold their resale value. Also keep in mind that salvaged or found materials can run the gamut of quality—there's a big difference between untreated wooden pallets and cedar planks. Always ask questions of your builder or the coop's manufacturer before making the purchase. I tend to favor coops made with locally or sustainably milled lumber. If this is important to you, too, search for coops made with Forest Stewardship Council certified lumber.
4. Will It Keep Out Predators?
In addition to offering protection from the elements, a coop must protect your flock from predators. In North America, you'll regularly see raccoons, foxes, raptors, mustelids (members of the weasel family) and particularly domestic dogs as threats to a chicken flock.
You'll want to test how accessible the coop is to each of these potential predators. What makes this tricky is that each has its own particular set of skills: Some climb, some dig, some attack from above, and some can even open rudimentary locks. A good coop must account for all of these.
A safe coop has a solid bottom, is raised up off the ground or has another deterrent from digging predators, such as a skirt of wire around the perimeter. Admittedly, a coop can sport all three of these features, and I still wouldn't consider it overkill—no pun intended.
A safe coop also has secure locks that require an opposable thumb to operate. Raccoons have very nimble hands and can easily outsmart simple locks. A safe coop uses sturdy materials—no cardboard or thin materials that can be easily chewed by determined predators. All gaps larger than 1 inch in size, including windows, should be covered with heavy-duty mesh wire, such as hardware cloth. Chicken wire, despite its name, is too flimsy and has openings too large to be a suitable predator deterrent.
5. Can It Grow With Your Flock?
It's no secret that the hobby of keeping chickens is addicting. Many sage keepers will tell newbies to purchase coops much larger than they think they'll need or use. While I have found this to be relatively true, most backyard flocks top out between nine and 12 hens, with the average size flock being between six and eight hens. If you begin with a micro flock of three hens, purchase a coop large enough to accommodate at least six to give you some wiggle room to grow. If nothing else, your three hens will appreciate the extra space.
6. Do You Like the Look?
Arguably the least important aspect of any good coop, aesthetics still play a role in the world of backyard chickens, particularly if you live somewhere that neighbors are close by or you have frequent visitors to your backyard.
This is about more than vanity: As chicken keeping gains momentum across the country, more and more cities are legalizing backyard chickens, and anyone who embarks on this hobby is an ambassador to the world of agriculture. Keeping chickens offers opportunity for education about our food, our food system and animal husbandry. At the end of the day, a lovely coop is one that you'll enjoy visiting and caring for.
About the Author: Kristina Mercedes Urquhart writes from the mountains of Candler, N.C. Follow her homesteading exploits at www.kristinamercedes.tumblr.com.


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The Art of Book Design: What Was Said in the Woods
Indigenous Events Calendar » « The Whiteness of America's Gun Laws.
Republic of Cliven Bundy.
Ammon Bundy, son of rancher Cliven Bundy, speaks at an event Friday, April 10, 2015, in Bunkerville, Nev.
Credit: AP Photo/John Locher.
Cliven Bundy may be in jail, but he still has friends in Congress.
The U.S. House of Representatives next week is expected to vote on a proposal that would exempt 48 counties, primarily in the West, from the law that has been used for more than 100 years to protect archaeologically, culturally, and naturally significant resources in the United States, including the Grand Canyon and the Statue of Liberty.
The counties that would be exempted from the Antiquities Act of 1906 cover more than 250,000 square miles — an area nearly the size of Texas. The amendment, which was authored by Rep. Stewart (R-UT) and Rep. Gosar (R-AZ), appears to have two main purposes.
First, it would block the efforts of local communities in Maine, Utah, Arizona, and elsewhere which have been asking President Obama to establish new national monuments in their states.
In southern Utah, for example, the president would not be able to respond to the requests of tribal nations that he protect the Bears Ears area, which is a hotbed of grave robbing, looting, and desecration of sacred sites. It would also prevent the president from protecting Gold Butte in Nevada, where Cliven Bundy illegally grazed his cows for decades, as a national monument.
Though Rep. Gosar argues that the bill prevents local voices from being ignored, in both of the above cases there is strong local support for these national monuments. Seventy-one percent of Utah voters declared their support for a Bears Ears monument and the same percentage of Nevadans support the protection of Gold Butte.
The bill would also block a grassroots call to protect the Grand Canyon from uranium mining, the expansion of which would fall in Rep. Gosar's district. The petition to protect the area has recently reached more than half a million signatures.
Second, the Stewart-Gosar amendment would make a major concession to the demands of scofflaw rancher Cliven Bundy and his followers who argue that the U.S. government should have no authority over national public lands in the West. Bundy and his sons Ammon and Ryan were arrested and indicted in February for their involvement in armed standoffs with federal law enforcement officials in Nevada and Oregon.
Jesus Christ. Anymore, you have to stay buried in your news media of choice just to know what evil the conservative asshole party is up to day by day. This is awful. I haven't read enough yet to know if there are ways to fight this, but if I find them, I'll post.
Full story here.
Appropriation, Assholes, Bigotry, Culture, Environment, History, Indigenous, No. Just No., Places, Politics
blf says
Obvious "way to fight this" (generally): Vote but NEVER mark your ballet for a republican.
More directed actions are also needed, not only on this specific absurdity, but also on the removal of thugs from government and to prevent, counter, and repair the disasters in general.
The Mellow Monkey says
I guess I shouldn't be surprised. Every time a white rancher in this country starts talking about "freedom", somehow it fucks over Indians in the end.
TMM:
Every time a white rancher in this country starts talking about "freedom", somehow it fucks over Indians in the end.
Oh yes. The fight for Bears Ears has been going on a long time now, and here we were thinking we were going to win for once.
Though Rep. Gosar argues that the bill prevents local voices from being ignored, in both of the above cases there is strong local support for these national monuments.
Apparently, not the right white-enough local voices.
Marcus Ranum says
I assume that since Bundy is anti-cop, anti-government, he's pro Black Lives Matter and pro Black Panther Party.
Marcus:
Only if they are made up of white people! He sure as fuck ain't pro Indian. Asshole and his friends do everything they can to dis Indians and fuck up their land.
Crimson Clupeidae says
Jesus fuck! Since I'm in az now, and registered to vote, I can at least write my congresscritters and senators to vote against this.
The only real history is white history! /s
This has now gone critical:
The GOP platform adopted this week calls on Congress to "immediately pass universal legislation providing the timely and orderly mechanism requiring the federal government to convey certain federally controlled public lands to the states," reported Oregon Public Broadcasting.
immediately pass universal legislation providing the timely and orderly mechanism requiring the federal government to convey certain federally controlled public lands to the states
Wow. It's like the USAmerican public doesn't have a voice or a country anymore.
rq:
I don't think we do.