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Bogudzięka (biał. Багудзенька) – wieś na Białorusi, w obwodzie grodzieńskim, w rejonie grodzieńskim, w sielsowiecie Skidel.

Historia
W latach 1921–1939 ówczesna kolonia leżała w Polsce, w województwie białostockim, w powiecie grodzieńskim, w gminie Skidel.

Według Powszechnego Spisu Ludności z 1921 roku zamieszkiwało tu 19 osób, 7 było wyznania rzymskokatolickiego a 12 prawosławnego. Jednocześnie 7 mieszkańców zadeklarowało polską przynależność narodową a 12 białoruską. Było tu 5 budynków mieszkalnych.

Miejscowość należała do parafii prawosławnej w Skidlu i rzymskokatolickiej w Kaszubińcach. Podlegała pod Sąd Grodzki w Skidlu i Okręgowy w Grodnie; właściwy urząd pocztowy mieścił się w Skidlu.

W wyniku napaści ZSRR na Polskę we wrześniu 1939 miejscowość znalazła się pod okupacją sowiecką. 2 listopada została włączona do Białoruskiej SRR. 4 grudnia 1939 włączona do nowo utworzonego obwodu białostockiego. Od czerwca 1941 roku pod okupacją niemiecką. 22 lipca 1941 r. włączona w skład okręgu białostockiego III Rzeszy. W 1944 miejscowość została ponownie zajęta przez wojska sowieckie i włączona do obwodu grodzieńskiego Białoruskiej SRR.

Od 1991 wchodzi w skład Białorusi.

Uwagi

Przypisy

Linki zewnętrzne

 Wieś Bogudzięki, obwód grodzieński, rejon grodzieński, sielsowiet Skidel

Wsie w rejonie grodzieńskim

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Tinder is the right dating site for single men and women of various ages. This dating platform has been around for five years, since its inception in 2012. The online dating platform has since then, racked a lot of users. Currently, there is about 10 million users subscribed to the platform, which uses it daily. In addition to this, there is about 26 million daily matches for users and 1.4 billion flips, any of these flips could be you!
That is not all! Prior to this year, interested users where restricted to smartphone as the only medium of access but not anymore! Now there is no more emphasis on having a high-speed network service for your tinder experience to run smoothly. No more need for a smartphone with tinder app as the only means of access! And no more complaint of insufficient space in phones! All you need is a browser and an Internet access!
According to tinders production team, Tinder online is meant to give your professor, or inquisitive coworkers no chance to see what you are onto and frustrate their plan to limit you. If utilising your phone in class is frowned, upon there is no need to worry. All you need do is register Tinder-Online.com on your laptop Web browser and enjoy the service. Features like swiping, matching and chatting is fully in effect on Tinder online.
There is a cool feature that comes with Tinder online! The "Work Mode" which helps you have a sneaky. In addition to this, those who are working under supervision can click the small briefcase icon found in the online platform. When this briefcase is clicked, it quickly changes the current layout to a fake Google doc page, which will give others the idea that you are really working! Hence, quit letting life getting in the way of your Tinder fun.
If you are new to the online platform, all you need do is log onto Tinder.com and you will easily recognize the features and how to navigate. However, if you are new to Tinder dating platform, you will need to register. You can register into Tinder online through your Facebook account. Currently, the plan of making SMS another means of registering and signing in is underway. Soon, anyone can access Tinder Online by just having a phone.
For newbies, after creating your account, choose your best photo then write your bio and start swiping. It is that easy. When swiping, if you notice a signature that says "it is a match" you can swipe right and start chatting. On PC the later option is far easier and convenient.
Currently, Tinder.com is made accessible to many countries as beta testers. Countries like, Brazil, Argentina, Sweden, Philippines and Mexico. All these features and test are the various ways Tinder Dating Platform is sending a message to the world that it is ready to help more people find true love.


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Pay My Rent
Online Waitlist Pre-Application
PH Forms
Ten Eyck
Schonowee Village
MacGathan Townhouses
Steinmetz Homes
Yates Village
HCV Forms
Get 1099 Copy
Capital Fund
News \ RFP's
V7Live Payroll
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SMHA OFFICES CLOSED TO THE PUBLIC UNTIL FURTHER NOTICE
All Schenectady Municipal Housing Authority offices shall remain closed until further notice. Closing our offices does not mean we are closed for business. SMHA has adjusted its services and operations to protect staff and the individuals and families we serve from the spread of COVID-19. We are utilizing work from home procedures to the maximum extent possible, which means our Occupancy Specialists and Project Managers will work with you through the U.S. Mail, email, fax and telephone.
On February 6, 1934, the Schenectady Municipal Housing Authority, the first in New York State, was authorized and established by the City Common Council. On March 23, 1934, with the appointment of the first five members, the Authority became a reality. In 1938, the first tenants of the Authority occupied Schonowee Village.
Current Operations
Since our first 217 units in 1938, the Authority has grown to encompass seven conventional housing developments serving a total of 1,018 low-income families. Three properties, Schonowee Village, Ten Eyck Apartments and Lincoln Heights, serve the elderly and disabled, while four other properties, Yates Village, Steinmetz Homes, MacGathan Townhouses and Maryvale Apartments, serve families with children. The Schenectady Municipal Housing Authority's Section 8 Housing Choice Voucher program serves the housing needs of 1,387 households throughout the City of Schenectady.
Effective July 30, 2018,
smoking will not be permitted in any building or facility of the Schenectady Municipal Housing Authority (SMHA) or on the grounds in areas that are designated as Smoke-Free
Schenectady Municipal Housing Authority

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


You must be a current member of the Academy of Oncologic Physical Therapy of the American Physical Therapy Association in order to access the pages of this website that are restricted to members.
Your username is your APTA Member ID, which can be found on your APTA membership card. If you can't find or don't know this number, you may obtain it from APTA's Service Center or Membership Department by calling 1-800-999-2782.
Your password is your last name exactly as it appears in your APTA membership record.


RIO GRANDE — Youngstown State University President Jim Tressel, better known as the former head football coach of the Ohio State Buckeyes from 2001 to 2010, gave the keynote speech Thursday during the 79th annual Gallia County Chamber of Commerce Annual Meeting and Awards Banquet.
Tressel, who coached the Buckeyes to the NCAA national championship at the 2003 Fiesta Bowl in Glendale, Ariz., gave an inspirational talk that lasted just shy of 50 minutes. Despite the length, almost everyone in the packed house at the University of Rio Grande's Davis University Center cafeteria hung on his every word.
Pat Tackett was honored as the Marianne Campbell Volunteer of the Year; the Emancipation Celebration Committee earned Committee of the Year laurels; Ohio Valley Bank took home the Community Involvement Award; JC's Convenience Plus won the Beautification Award; Bossard Memorial Library earned the Sudden Impact Award; and 93.1 The Wolf/WJEH Joy 990 grabbed the Small Business Award.
This year's Bud and Donna McGhee Community Service Award, the chamber's most prestigious award that is kept secret each year until the night of the banquet, was bestowed upon Jessie Payne, of Rio Grande. Payne was honored for her "thousands of volunteer hours" at Holzer Health System, as well as her work on behalf of the Southern Ohio chapter of the NAACP, Gallia County Economic Development Association, Emancipation Celebration Committee and the Ohio Valley Regional Development Commission.
More on Payne, all the award winners and Tressel will appear this weekend on www.mydailytribune.com and in the Sunday Times-Sentinel.


Exclusive Wild Rockets offer: 20 Extra Spins are given to Casino Heroes that deposit 20€ – 49€. 60 Extra Spins are given to the Casino Heroes that deposit 50€ - 99€. 130 Extra Spins are given to the Casino Heroes that deposit 100€ or more. The doors to Wild Rockets will open as early as today, Tuesday, and won't be closed until Friday, 2.1.15 23:59. You can play your Extra Spins as long as Wild Rockets is unlocked so remember to do so before Bomby shuts the party down on Friday night!


WASHINGTON/SEOUL (Reuters) – The United States said it was accessible to resume talks with North Korea afterwards Pyongyang apprenticed on Wednesday to annihilate its key missile accessories and appropriate it would aing its basic Yongbyon nuclear circuitous if Washington took bearding actions.
U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo said he had arrive North Korea's adopted abbot to accommodated in New York aing week, with the aim of commutual its denuclearization by January 2021, afterwards a Pyongyang acme amid the leaders of the two Koreas.
The United States appeared acquisitive to appropriate on commitments by North Korean baton Kim Jong Un at his talks with South Korean President Moon Jae-in alike as critics said the accomplish did little to put Pyongyang on a advance for irreversible denuclearization.
North Korea will acquiesce experts from "concerned countries" to watch the cease of its missile agent testing armpit and barrage pad at Dongchang-ri, Moon said at a collective account appointment with Kim afterwards their affair in the North Korean capital.
North Korea will additionally booty added accomplish such as closing its basic Yongbyon nuclear circuitous if the United States undertook bearding alternate measures, Moon added.


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Interpreter languages
The interpreters they are programs that, unlike a compiler, do not read all the code first as a whole, but read each line of the source program separately and execute it directly on the platform without first translating the code. Therefore, each analysis occurs during the execution of the program. Java, for example, uses interpreters.
The value of interpreters is that a program can skip the translation of the source code and basically execute the instructions in the code directly. The interpreter's job is, in this way, to put into practice precisely the routines that were registered by the corresponding developer.
When interpreting source code, translating and executing the code are not separate steps. The input and the source code run simultaneously. Each line with an instruction results in immediate action by the interpreter. In this way, it could be said that an interpreter performs two steps at the same time, that is, the translation and execution. One step follows the next in logical order according to the source code specifications.
The advantages in using compilers are that these programs are very efficient specifically for debugging, in other words, identifying errors, because basically stop working when errors exist. If the interpreter stops, the programmers can immediately respond and resolve the error. One downside is that an interpreter is significantly slower than a compiler. Because every row is read, including repeating items.
This disadvantage in working speed is partially compensated by modifications such as the JIT (Just-in-time compiler) or the bytecode interpreter.
Programs that have been written in the following languages can be implemented by interpreters:
Obfuscate links


Pupils enjoy the variety of meals on offer at school each day.
Catering staff know the likes and dislikes of the individual children and are able to cater for individual needs and allergies.
There are a variety of options available every day including a variety of sandwich options.
The menu is set by Chartwells catering who provide our school catering contract.
As of September 2014 all pupils in Reception, Year One and Year Two have been eligible for 'Universal Free School Meals' and are able to have a free school meal every day.
All pupils in KS2 must pay for their school meals at a cost of £2.30 per day.
If your child qualifies for free school meals, it's important that you tell the school – even if they take a packed lunch – as this enables them to claim pupil premium. Please see Mrs Clarke at the school office to register your child as eligible.


How did you find your visit to The Beacon?
We value feedback from our customers and would love to know your thoughts on our venue.
* 1. How frequently do you visit The Beacon?
* 2. When was your last visit to The Beacon?
* 3. What was the reason for your visit to The Beacon?
* 4. How friendly were the staff at The Beacon?
* 5. Overall, how would you rate The Beacon?
* 6. How likely is it that you would recommend The Beacon to a friend or colleague?
* 7. How likely are you to visit The Beacon in future?
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The low grain iron and zinc densities are well documented problems in food crops, affecting crop nutritional quality especially in cereals. Sorghum is a major source of energy and micronutrients for majority of population in Africa and central India. Understanding genetic variation, genotype × environment interaction and association between these traits is critical for development of improved cultivars with high iron and zinc. A total of 336 sorghum RILs (Recombinant Inbred Lines) were evaluated for grain iron and zinc concentration along with other agronomic traits for 2 years at three locations. The results showed that large variability exists in RIL population for both micronutrients (Iron = 10.8 to 76.4 mg kg−1 and Zinc = 10.2 to 58.7 mg kg−1, across environments) and agronomic traits. Genotype × environment interaction for both micronutrients (iron and zinc) was highly significant. GGE biplots comparison for grain iron and zinc showed greater variation across environments. The results also showed that G × E was substantial for grain iron and zinc, hence wider testing needed for taking care of G × E interaction to breed micronutrient rich sorghum lines. Iron and zinc concentration showed high significant positive correlation (across environment = 0.79; p < 0.01) indicating possibility of simultaneous effective selection for both the traits. The RIL population showed good variability and high heritabilities (>0.60, in individual environments) for Fe and Zn and other traits studied indicating its suitability to map QTL for iron and zinc.
We would like to acknowledge Department of Biotechnology (DBT) Govt. of India for funding this project. We also like to acknowledge Charles Renard Analytical Laboratory for analyzing grain iron and zinc concentration of samples.


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Why Is Windows Reporting This Folder Is Too Long to Copy?
If you work with Windows long enough, especially with folders and files that have long names, you'll run into a bizarre error: Windows will report that the folder path or file name is too long to move to a new destination or even delete. What's the deal?
Hey How-To Geek!
So the other day, I was reorganizing some files on my computer, creating folders, that kind of stuff. Then, when I was moving some files into a folder, I get a message, stating that the resulting folder path would be too long. I was confused. I know that every single OS since DOS supports Long Filenames, yet Windows claims that the path is too long? Why does this happen?
Mr. Disorganized
The problem you're running into is an unfortunate intersection of two systems that, in cases like this, yields an error. To understand exactly where the error comes from, we need to dig into the the history of Long Filenames (LFN) and how Windows interacts with them before we delve into solutions.
Long Filenames were introduced, through the underlying MS-DOS architecture, in Windows 95. The new LFN system allowed for file and directory names of up to 255 characters. This was a welcome expansion of the previous file name system, usually called 8.3 filenaming because the name was limited to eight characters and a three digit extension, but also known as Short Filename (SFN). As you can imagine, back then there were still a lot of DOS-based apps around and there were more than a few headaches trying to get the newer LFNs and the legacy SFNs to play nice with each other. If you've ever come across an older diskette or CD-ROM with oddly truncated files on it (like abcdef~1.txt) that filename was cut down by some SFN-using legacy application from some longer and unsupported LFN (like abcdefghijk.txt).
We're a long way from the mid-1990s, however, and the whole Long Filename thing is (for the most part) firmly ironed out. If you're running a version of Windows from the last 10 years, you've likely never even come across a filename length conflict like we we used to run into back in the DOS/Windows 95 days. That said, we still run into hiccups, as you discovered with your disk cleanup project. But why? If Windows' Long Filename system supports folders and file names of up to 255 characters per component, what wall are you running into? We can't blame NTFS (the filesystem that the vast majority of modern Windows machines use) as NTFS will support a chaining of folders and file names up to a total path length of 32,767 characters. That far exceeds the typical directory structure most users would ever need.
Where it all falls apart is an artificial restriction Windows stacks on top of the LFN/NTFS system: the MAX_PATH variable. The MAX_PATH variable specifies that a complete directory structure in Windows can't exceed 260 total characters, including the drive letter, colon, backslash, and null backlash at the end. Thus you only have a potential real MAX_PATH of 256 characters, e.g. C:\your-256-character-path\.
So what happened when you were cleaning up your computer is that you had a directory with an already long path (either because the folder names were long, the file names were long, or both), and when you attempted to move one or more of those directories into another directory with a long path, the total length of the path name exceeded the 260 character limit imposed by the MAX_PATH variable.
Now, you may be thinking "Ah-hah! We'll just change the MAX_PATH variable and solve the problem!" Alas, it's not that simple. Not only is the MAX_PATH variable essentially hard coded into Windows, but even if you went through the enormous hassle of changing it, you'd end up breaking so much it wouldn't be worth it. Too many applications expect the path variable to be what Windows has long specified it to be. We can't just go around changing it without creating an enormous mess.
Where does that leave you? Well, the simplest solution is to just edit the path data. For example, if you have a ton of saved articles where the application/extension you used to save them from the web created a directory that was the full title of the article + the article lead, and then the file name itself is the full title of the article + the article lead, it would be really simple to hit or exceed the MAX_PATH with a single save. Editing those enormous folder and article titles down to a more reasonable size is an easy way to fix the problem.
If you have a huge number of files with a long path and you don't want to edit them all (or if you want to delete a ton of old directories that are too long for Windows to deal with when restricted by the MAX_PATH variable), there is a command-line work around. Even though Windows is restricted by the MAX_PATH variable, Windows engineers realized there would be situations wherein users would need to deal with longer path names. As such, the Windows API has a function for dealing with extremely long paths.
In order to take advantage of that API and use command line tools on your unwieldy folders/file names, you simply need to append the directory name with a few extra characters. For example, if you had a huge directory structure that you wanted to delete (but received an error due to the path length when you attempted it), you could change the command from:
rmdir c:\documents\some-really-super-long-folder-name-scheme\
rmdir \\?\c:\documents\some-really-super-long-folder-name-scheme\
The key is the addition of the \\?\ portion before the start of the file path; this instructs Windows to disregard the limitations imposed by the MAX_PATH variable and to interact with the path you just supplied as supplied/understood directly by the underlying files system (which can clearly support a longer path). As always, exercise caution at the command prompt to avoid accidentally deleting files or directories you intended to leave intact.
If our overview of this issue has you curious, definitely dig into this article from the Microsoft Developer Network library, Naming Files, Paths, and Namespaces, for more information about what's going on under the hood.
Have a pressing tech question? Shoot us an email at ask@howtogeek.com and we'll do our best to answer it.
› How to Upgrade to Windows 10 From Windows 7 for Free


In Jay-Z's Decoded, he talks about how rap is an art form through which one can truly express oneself. Rap, he says, "is built to handle contradictions"(239). In his eyes, hip-hop and rap have "created a space where all kinds of music could meet, without contradiction"(240). Throughout our readings this year, we have seen people from all walks of life come together in the cities of the world. At times, there have been conflicts, but in the end, people show us who they really are. To me, that is what being in a city is, and it is also why I love music so much. Having been around music and theatre for my entire life, what is most heartening to see is not a great piece of music being performed, but seeing the heart and soul of the person doing the performance come alive on stage. By reading Jay-Z's thoughts, I have a whole new appreciation for him and what he does, even though I am not generally a fan of hip-hop and rap. Like myself, he believes that music is life, nothing more and nothing less, and that the best music (or poetry) is made when whoever is creating it is being completely open and honest with themselves.
This same ideal is present whenever I think of the livelihood of the city. It has its complexities and values, an identity as a whole, but that identity is only formed from the people who inhabit it. Every individual in a city has their own identity, and in some contexts, that part of themselves has to be hidden away. But when push comes to shove, everyone's true self comes out. Maybe it's the person who has the courage to wear his Derek Jeter shirt to Fenway Park. Or a slam poet, soapboxing to whoever will listen. Perhaps you are just like me, who if you see walking down the street, chances are I am not talking on the phone into my earbuds, but instead singing along to the music in my ear, enjoying the sights and sounds like I am on the stage at Carnegie Hall, singing my heart out. Jay-Z's thoughts are compelling because they are universal. Music has often been described as a unifying force, and so too is living in a city. Both ideas have places for the individual to shine while being a part of something greater.
This entry was posted in New York City on April 30, 2013 by earaff.
In light of the recent tragic events that have occurred in Boston, I could not agree with you more that music and living in a city have the ability to unify people. While there is such a unique group of people living in this city – Bostonians who have lived here their whole life, foreigners, college students, businessmen, people from the different neighborhoods, the city proved that it was "One Boston" after the bombings. I am not quite sure what it is about a city that brings everyone together – a love for one's home, even if it may only be temporary? Maybe it is unity on a larger scale – the good overcoming the evil.
Music has also unified the city in the past two weeks – such as when Rene Rancourt let the audience sing the National Anthem at the Bruin's first home game after the tragedy. (first time in decades when this has occurred). Or how various ballparks across the country sang "Sweet Caroline" to honor Boston. This last example is an example of cities unifying with other cities – an even more astonishing occurrence.
While we are all individuals in one city, seemingly alone, we still belong to this city in one way or another. We may be just another face in the crowd, or a "petal on a wet, black bough" as Ezra Pound said – but if we were to venture outside of Boston, we would be recognized for where we come from.


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Окръг Калхун () е окръг в щата Алабама, Съединени американски щати. Площта му е 1585 km², а населението – 115 883 души (2016). Административен център е град Анистън.

Източници

Окръзи в Алабама


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NewsWorldEU says air travel will require social distancing, U.S. airlines taking their...
EU says air travel will require social distancing, U.S. airlines taking their own steps
The European Commission will next month present a set of rules for the safe reopening of air travel when coronavirus lockdowns end, including social distancing in airports and planes, while some U.S. airlines are taking their own protective measures.
EU Transport Commissioner Adina Valean said on Wednesday that measures under consideration would include the wearing of face masks and disinfection of planes and airports.
"All this should be part of those guidelines and probably by mid-May we can put forward this strategy we are working on," Valean said on Twitter.
The International Air Transport Association (IATA), which estimates that the crisis could cost airlines a total of $314 billion, has said that restoring demand would depend in part on measures such as controls and testing.
Delta Air Lines, the first U.S. airline to report quarterly results, warned of a choppy recovery in air travel that would ultimately depend on people feeling safe.
"When you ask people, what's the most important thing to get them to start travelling again, it's going to be confidence in their safety," Delta Chief Executive Ed Bastian said on a conference call.
It is not clear whether U.S. regulators will implement industry-wide measures, Bastian said.
BLOCKING MIDDLE SEATS
Delta encourages its passengers and employees to wear protective gear, he said, noting that at least 80% of its customers now wear face masks when they travel.
Delta and other U.S. carriers such as United Airline Holdings Inc have also implemented their own social distancing measures, including blocking middle seats, pausing automatic upgrades and changing the boarding process.
Bastian's view on safety as the driver of a demand recovery contrasted with that of the head of Irish low-cost carrier Ryanair Holdings, who has said "massive price-dumping" will bring people back to air travel once the crisis subsides.
In an interview with Reuters last week, Ryanair Chief Executive Michael O'Leary described proposals for planes to fly with empty middle seats when the coronavirus travel restrictions end in Europe as "mad," saying they would be "hopelessly ineffective" as well as unaffordable.
Instead, the company backs the introduction of mandatory temperature checks and face masks for passengers and crew when flights resume.
Airlines have raised concerns that measures to slow the spread of the pandemic could blight profitability long after the travel restrictions end.
The EU's Valean said it was not yet possible to say when the industry could resume operations but said she expects social distancing requirements to remain in place for as long as there is no COVID-19 treatment or vaccine.
"We expect the crisis to stay with us and the virus to stay with us," she said.
In Canada, regulators started requiring passengers on Monday to wear a non-medical mask or face-covering during the boarding process and flights.
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Where Do the Initial Coin Offerings End?
An explainer for all the new digital money driving the giant party online
By Brady Dale • 07/24/17 1:45pm
Ain't no party like a nerd party… ADRIAN DENNIS/AFP/Getty Images
The internet has found a way to put a price on dreams, and the market is strong.
Entrepreneurs have been making an end run around the traditional path to financing startups by raising money with initial coin offerings (ICOs) aggressively. In April, The Economist counted $250 million raised for projects from mining to betting prior to April. Since then, Bancor raised about $147 million for digital financial instruments. Tezos raised $232 million for an Ethereum alternative.
We have written about a few ICOs here (and folks have tried to convince us to write about at least eight more so far this month). Brave dropped the Basic Attention Token to fix online advertising. BitBounce will spam the world with Credo. Blockstack will probably release some kind of coin to work within its browser. And Filecoin, the cryptocurrency for cloud storage, will launch its ICO on July 27 [UPDATE: Now August 7]. None of these endeavors have been undertaken by proven companies, though.
The first mainstream venture with some miles under its feet to sell a cryptocurrency will probably be Kik, Canada's unicorn messaging app. Before long, it will release a cryptocurrency called Kin, which it hopes will allow it to turn part of its billion-dollar valuation into spendable cash-money-dollars. If it works, Kik will have shown a way to let people "invest" without diluting any of the prior investors' ownership stake.
Which is pretty weird.
Kik's Kin provides us with a chance to explain and explore the evolving world that bitcoin and its derivatives has wrought. It's going to get pretty abstract, because money itself is an abstraction, but one with very real world effects.
Just cook it up. Phillip Faraone/Getty Images
What is Kik and why does it matter?
If you're not a cool teen, you can be forgiven for not knowing about Kik. Kik started as a messenger, launching in 2010. In a conversation with Techcrunch's Jon Russell in China, Kik founder Ted Livingston took credit for basically everything about chat apps that has made them dominant forces on mobile. Americans virtually live on Facebook Messenger and in China, WeChat nearly equivalent with the internet itself. But Livingston says it was Kik that was first to see chat as a platform, layering on bots, communal events and branded pages.
(The only big innovation that Kik may not be able to claim a piece of is Stories, which is Snapchat's, and Kik might be the only messaging platform that hasn't ripped off the popular feature.)
Despite its innovations, "It's been very hard to monetize in the Western world," Livingston tells Russell, because web giants like Facebook and WeChat owner Tencent "go ahead and give everything away for free" because they can monetize with spying and ads.
But Livingston believes Kik can create an economy on (and maybe off) its app, one that rewards developers and users for contributing value to the community. It's building a system that will watch contributions made to the Kik platform and pay their makers out of its new pool of cryptocurrency for the good stuff they build based on how much activity it generates. Where will that cryptocurrency come from? Well, the Kik team will just make it out of thin air. That's the beauty of this day and age.
Or maybe the better word to use is "moment?"
So, what is money anyway?
First of all, we'll set aside any boring legal issues here. Honestly, if digital money proves to be as valuable as some expect, the law will move to catch up. So forget the law. It's boring anyway.
But can you really just make money out of thin air?
Honestly, it's kind of the only way that humans have done it for a long time. First we traded actual stuff (eggs for leather, etc). Then we traded stuff that everyone wanted and was easy to trade (silver, gold, etc). Then we traded tokens that represented commodities like silver or gold (until the 70s, 35 U.S. dollars were exchangeable for an ounce of gold ). Then we just traded the tokens backed by little more than the faith and good will of governments, with names like euros, francs, pesos and dollars.
It's a bit fuzzier than that. For example, the US Congress requires dollars to be backed by some sort of asset, but that's mostly just notes on government debt (US Treasuries). At the end of the day, any currency's value mostly comes down to faith in the nation that originated it.
This party is growing. MARWAN NAAMANI/AFP/Getty Images
This faith-based cash is "fiat money," and it's often referred to derisively among cryptocurrency types. "Fiat" is a Latin word for "let it be," because fiat money is just willed into existence by a nation-state, which also decides how much of that money there is in the world at a given time. Cryptocurrency really isn't any different, except all it takes is a developer and some server power to make a new one.
Money works kind of, sort of like stock in a country's economy. If you want to visit Baltimore or invest in Ford or buy New Balance sneakers in bulk, you need US dollars to do it. So if people around the world want that stuff, they trade their own currency for dollars, and that increases the price of the dollar versus the yen or the euro or the ruble, none of which have the state of Maryland, the US auto industry or worker-friendly kicks.
So in that way, it is like a stock, in that its value changes as the winds of fate blow across the nation that originated the currency, but it's not like a stock (or "equity") in that a nation's currency doesn't inherently entitle its bearer to, say, input in its legislature, a chunk of land or even an actual vote in an election.
It's hard to tell if it's the beginning or the end when a big name shows up. Ethan Miller/Getty Images
ICOs as investments
And here's where we get into how an ICO is so different from traditional forms of fundraising. Normally, when a company wants to raise money, it sells a piece of itself (in the form or equity). So if you hear that a company raised $100,000 at a million-dollar valuation, that means it just sold 10 percent of the company to some investor. It's pretty simple.
That's not how an ICO necessarily works. Most ICOs these days have created money to be used on some platform. Just as the US government has said that business in our borders has to be conducted in dollars, Kik has the power to say that people who want to trade on its platform need to use Kin to do it. So Kin will work for Kik much like the dollar does for the U.S.
Just as the dollar reflects how much people want to do business here, Kin will reflect how much people want to do business on Kik. Similarly, just as people who believe the US economy will grow buy and hold dollars to reflect that confidence, people can also invest in Kik by buying Kin, out of a belief that Livingston's gambit will work.
Buying Kin does not mean, however, that the currency's owners hold any rights to Kik. That's why we put scare-quotes around the word "invest" when we first mentioned the currency.
Free beer and washed-up hip-hop stars. Brady Dale for Observer
Kik is setting aside 30 percent of all Kin for itself (but only letting itself get access to it in chunks over about three years). The idea is that if all this works then the value of that pool will increase. People with a stake in Kik who get Kin out of that pool can hold it or sell it as they see fit. If the Kik economy really takes off, then Kik's owners should be able to get a nice payday.
Russell asks Livingston: And then what? If Kin has a hard cap, then how will the company monetize its big expensive platform after their Kin is gone?
Livingston dodges the question.
So where does this all end up?
It's not as if private entities haven't made up their own money before. Usually it happens when the existing form of money doesn't work well in some piece of the economy. Dollars and yen create a lot of friction online for the applications founders are inventing today.
Want to buy a cool sticker from someone for about a penny? Forget it. You can't.
Want to let people buy tickets to a group chat with a celebrity in a way that they can do it on an impulse? It doesn't work right now.
But fiat money could catch up. If governments issued cryptocurrencies, it would become tough to justify more ICOs. So that's one possibility.
But even if that doesn't happen, there is also a chance that so many new coins get created that it drives the price of all cryptocurrency down to zero. At the end of the day, all crypto is the same thing: a weird piece of nothingness that only one person can hold at a time. It works as a medium for trade. So even the Useless Ethereum Token has a use. It can be used to buy other cryptocurrencies.
Under the right conditions, something with no inherent value can be worth a load of money. Venturelli/WireImage
The Harvard of startup accelerators, Y Combinator, recently brought in Olaf Carlson-Wee, CEO of cryptocurrency investor Polychain Capital, to talk about investing in these new coins. YC staff ask Carlson-Wee why these new startups create new currencies for platforms, such as Brave's for ads or Filecoin's for cloud storage.
"I think there is no strong reason from a technology standpoint," Carlson-Wee says. "It's really more a game theoretic reason."
Besides bringing in cash, luring in a bunch of speculators has a way of turning them into users. Online products tend to be better when more people use them. So by drawing in the avaricious, firms can use ICOs to hack their way ahead on scale.
Games should be fun. Monica Schipper/Getty Images
Kik could run just as well on Ethereum proper as on an Ethereum-devised cryptocurrency, with one very important difference: Kik's vision is to pay independent developers to build new stuff for Kik, but it doesn't actually have enough cash to pay them (which it would need if it were to pay in Ethereum's money). Instead, it plans to pay them in a made-up money and hope that money's value grows enough to make developing for Kik and getting paid in Kin worthwhile.
But outside of Kik, Kin will be just another token, inherently no better or worse than bitcoin or BAT or Filecoin. Beyond whatever platform that created it, it's all just digital money. Right now, the differences between them seem very important, but the more mainstream this stuff becomes, the less important those differences will be, just as the differences between basketball shoes are a big deal to sneakerheads and just shoes to everyone else.
If entrepreneurs just keep making new supplies of digital money, the global market could start treating it all as if it's all basically the same, driving the price of all of it down together.
In the worst case scenario, digital cash could become so plentiful that the only thing stopping a kid with some coding skill from creating a new token will be the fact that it isn't worth his time; however, any time the market calms enough that the economic growth restores some value to existing tokens, it could just be arbitraged out by someone who sees it and creates a new one.
True, the supply for any one digital token can be constrained, but the supply of all digital tokens is infinite and that reality could become a real problem for companies offering coins to power what could be really useful systems.
We asked several investors known for backing this space if their teams had discussed this scenario, but we were met with silence.
A time to remember. Romain Maurice/Getty Images
So is this whole sector doomed?
That is unlikely.
The top seven cryptocurrencies in the world right now have a combined value of $80 billion. That's a long, long way from zero and it buys the sector a ton of time (especially because it will probably go up much more before it goes down). The analysis in the section above is based on an assumption that nothing else changes. Of course things will change, but we have no idea how.
We're headed into Web 3.0, a new era of the internet characterized by mobile connections that will make today's wired connections look slow, three-dimensional websites, connected devices with super-brains, browsers loaded up with money and UN Secretary General Jeff Bezos.
No one in 1993 would have heard a description of Snapchat and believed it could be a $17 billion company one day, but here we are. People are going to come up with some crazy new applications for how that future works, and there's a decent chance the internet will find some technical consensus that constrains the issuance of digital money in a way that preserves its usefulness (that is, tokens' value).
And the solution will probably be weird and nearly impossible to anticipate, and that's why people will keep proclaiming that "bitcoin is dead" over and over until that solution is found.
And entrepreneurs will look back longingly on this era as an online belle époque, when money could be spun up on a server and used to buy real Lamborghinis (or at least rent a Ferrari) not long after. Kik will be one of the first established companies to create its own digital money. If history is any guide, Kik will then be copied. It might not happen many times, though, before the guests enjoying this particular online party find themselves at last call.
Correction: A previous version of the story described the US dollar as freely floating, without collateral. July 24, 2017 5:35 PM.
Filed Under: Business, Technology, Video, Cryptocurrency, Y Combinator, kik


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Oct 6, 2012 | 4:30AM
Shaquille O'Neal Talks About Brooklyn Nets Nets
Did Tyson Chandler Take A Shot At Brook Lopez?
By Moke Hamilton | Oct 6, 2012 | 7:49PM
One of the stories that won't die is Shaquille O'Neal's seemingly claiming that Brook Lopez is better than Dwight Howard. Yes, we fully understand that we are helping to douse the flames here a bit... But wouldn't you want to know if an opposing player weighed in?
A lot of people have weighed in on this debate. But Tyson Chandler, the starting center of the New York Knicks, has an opinion worth noting.
Tags: Is Brook Lopez Better Than Dwight Howard, Moke Hamilton SheridanHoops, Moke Hamilton SNYNets.com, NBA Brooklyn Nets News and Rumors, Nets, Shaquille O'Neal Says Brook Lopez Is Better Than Dwight Howard, Shaquille O'Neal Talks About Brooklyn Nets, SNY Brooklyn Nets Blog, Tyson Chandler Disses Brook Lopez, Moke Hamilton
VIDEO: Avery Johnson and Deron Williams Respond to Shaq
By Moke Hamilton | Oct 6, 2012 | 4:30AM
Our friends over at BrooklynFans.com got some great footage of Avery Johnson, Deron Williams, and even Brook Lopez himself responding to Shaquille O'Neal's recent comments about "The Diesel" preferring Brook Lopez over Dwight Howard...
In case you missed it, in a recent sit down for NBA.com, Shaquille O'Neal seemed to suggest that Brook Lopez and the Philadelphia 76ers' Andrew Bynum were both better centers than the Los Angeles Lakers' Dwight Howard.
Now, we've got some responses...
Tags: NBA Brooklyn Nets News and Rumors, Nets, Shaquille O'Neal Says Brook Lopez Is Better Than Dwight Howard, Shaquille O'Neal Talks About Brooklyn Nets, SNY Brooklyn Nets Blog, What Did Shaquille O'Neal Say About Brook Lopez?, Moke Hamilton
SHAQ: New York Won't Be A 'Nets' Town
By Moke Hamilton | Sep 17, 2012 | 10:42AM
"NEW YORK -- As the Nets enter their first season in Brooklyn, plenty of New Yorkers are wondering if the Big Apple ever will be a Nets town.
Future Hall of Famer?Shaquille O'Neal?doesn't think so.
Tags: Brooklyn Nets Better Than New York Knicks, Brooklyn Nets Versus New York Knicks, Shaquille O'Neal New York City, Shaquille O'Neal Talks About Brooklyn Nets, Moke Hamilton


In Burgenland, Austria's easternmost region, the sun shines more than 300 days a year, making it ideal for grapes and cyclists.
Cycling and wine have long captured the imaginations of American travelers with dreams of gliding through verdant, château-dotted valleys with a baguette and a bottle of Cabernet Franc. But cycling through wine country is no longer an activity reserved for the French (or Francophiles). Wine regions from Africa to Argentina are opening new cycling paths and offering programs for bike enthusiasts — a cleaner, healthier and more in-depth way to taste the terroir of a region. Tour operators have jumped on this faster than you can say santé, offering a litany of wine-centric cycling excursions around the world.
Existing bike-tour companies like Butterfield & Robinson have been hosting vineyard bike tours since 1966. Though new destinations are added annually, trips through tried-and-true wine regions like Bordeaux and Tuscany are popular. But new outfitters like DuVine Adventures — whose motto is "Bike. Eat. Drink. Sleep." — are jumping into the game with more adventurous excursions to untapped areas like Alentejo, Portugal, and Slovenia's Gorizia Hills on the Italian border, as well as more typical destinations like France's Burgundy and Spain's Rioja.
In many cases, one doesn't even need to leave the city to access vineyards and tasting rooms. Frankfurt; Vienna; Santa Barbara, Calif.; and Switzerland's UNESCO-inscribed Lavaux have urban vineyards or offer wine regions that are easily reached from major metro areas and ideal for evening or half-day trips. And though drinking too much and cycling is not advised, biking through wine country is an easy way to add a few calorie- and carbon-neutral sips to your vacation.


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STEPHEN MALKMUS & THE JICKS + SPEEDY ORTIZ @ EL REY THEATRE
March 30th, 2014 | Photos
Photos and words by Debi Del Grande
We should move to Oregon. Stephen Malkmus said so. So I'm moving down the street from his home. It would be nice to be around someone who isn't all that phased about things like equipment malfunctioning on stage. Although Malkmus can't do the Nick Cave praying mantis, he was able to maneuver around mic and guitar cables throughout the night. Malkmus flowed with whatever snafus came up and just used it as the band played new tunes from Wig Out at Jagbags.
The "sassiest boy" Mike Clark, was having way too much fun between keys and guitar as bassist Joanna Bolme and new drummer Jake Morris kept the rhythms pulsating throughout the set.
Hopefully Malkmus' sister didn't leave for the encore because not only did they play Steve Miller's "Swingtown," Scott "Spiral Stairs" Kannberg himself took the stage for Pavement's "Stereo."
SM&TJ appears to have great bands opening up for them. Last time around, Ty Segall had that spot. This time, people were there early to catch Massachusetts' Speedy Ortiz. Sports fans would appreciate the band as they sang songs about basketball and playing sports indoors.
ROCKET FROM THE CRYPT + DAN SA...
FACTS ON FILE @ EL CID
JERRY PAPER: I'M GONNA PLAY MUSIC
LIONMILK: A VAST OCEAN


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Category Archives: UnSanitary Environment
Better Laws, Child Abuse, Indifference, Murder, Physical Abuse, UnSanitary Environment
When Is Cold Blooded Murder Legislating Religion?
February 3, 2019 Blackhorn33
One Murder thru Abortion, and One Free Neutering. Take the illegal sales of fetal tissue and illegal sales of murdered Baby Body Organs away from the Slaughter Houses.
Cuomo brushes off criticism of New York abortion law: 'I'm not here to legislate
Amid Catholic leaders' calls for excommunication, New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo has dug in his heels and defended a controversial state law that loosens the rules on abortion.
The law allows abortions to be performed by non-doctors up until the point of birth for many reasons. Cuomo, who touts his Catholic faith and who once was an altar boy, brushed off criticism of the law on Tuesday.
"The Catholic Church doesn't believe in a woman's right to choose. Yes, I understand their religious view," he said. "But I'm not here to legislate religion."
Cuomo pointed out that his father, Mario Cuomo, the late former three-term governor, received similar criticism for his support of abortion in New York.
"Bishops attacking Governor Cuomo," he said with laughter. "Let's pull that headline up from about 30 years ago."
Cuomo said it is all part of a push for "socially progressive" legislation in direct opposition of the Trump administration "that wants to roll back Roe v. Wade." He went further, saying not only would he like to put Roe v. Wade into law, but he'd "like to incorporate it into the constitution."
The law has come under fire by devout Catholics and religious leaders, who call it draconian and inhumane. Some Catholic leaders have called on Cuomo to be excommunicated for championing the law.
New York Archbishop Timothy Dolan — who doesn't think Cuomo should be excommunicated over a political decision — rebuked the Democratic governor from a purely human rights perspective, especially for publicly celebrating a law the New York City cardinal told "Fox & Friends" is "ghoulish, grisly, and gruesome."
Last week, Cuomo framed his decision as giving New York women "the fundamental right to control their own body."
In a back and forth between the governor and the Catholic church, Cuomo went after the church for pushback against passing the Child Victims Act. He said he's with Pope Francis, but Dolan insists Cuomo is taking quotes out of context.
Father Jonathan Morris told "America's Newsroom" Tuesday Cuomo is trying to use the "disgusting" abuse of minors by the Catholic church as a way to say he is "morally correct" after passing the "Reproductive Health Act."
Morris said excommunication is still an option but doesn't seem like it would be helpful or effective.
"For some reason he still calls himself a Catholic," Morris said, "I would just say come back or just say you're not a Catholic."
Child AbuseChild InnocenceIndifferenceMurderPhysical AbuseUnsanitary
Child Abuse, Indifference, Law Enforcement, Murder, Physical Abuse, UnSanitary Environment
Murder Trial Ignored By Big Media
A photo of empty media seats taken during testimony at the 2013 Kermit Gosnell trial in Philadelphia went viral.
Drug Investigators Stumbled Onto Nearly
50 Children's Bodies in Clinic of Horrors
The story is horrific and shocking. It is so unbelievably gruesome that some preview audiences had a hard time believing it could be real.
But when "Gosnell: The Trial of America's Biggest Serial Killer" executive producer John Sullivan sat down with The Western Journal's Josh Manning, he explained that was why actual crime scene photos were included during the credits rolling at the end of the movie: Those horrors really did happen.
Investigators found the bodies of nearly 50 children at Kermit Gosnell's Women's Medical Society clinic in Philadelphia, and they were not stored in one place as medical waste. Instead, around every corner investigators found more surprises in the "house of horrors," according to the firsthand accounts the movie-makers used.
"They were stored in plastic bags, they were put into orange juice containers with the lids cut off, and they were stored in refrigerators in the lunch room … in the break room," Sullivan said.
As horrific as the discoveries were, little media attention was given to the story, even during the trial. It didn't fit the pro-abortion agenda supported by so many in the establishment media.
In an opinion piece for LifeNews, reporter J.D. Mullane of the Bucks County, Pennsylvania, Courier Times noted that he covered "the 2013 trial of the infamous Philadelphia abortionist and killer of newborns, a murder trial ignored by Big Media." The scene of the all the empty media seats from the trial was actually reflective of a real photo Mullane snapped in disgust at the actual proceedings.
And that is not all. I n a preview for the movie, the character of Assistant District Attorney Alexis "Lexy" McGuire says, "Nothing that man did that protects women or children. And you don't have to be a pro-life activist to see that.'" And perhaps that is the biggest problem of all for the movie and the telling of the story.
This was evidenced when "Gosnell," which opened Oct. 12 and was doing well on screens nationwide, suddenly started disappearing from theaters. Audiences have raved about the film, with some viewers reporting it changed their views about abortion.
College student Kathy Zhu is one of them. "Yesterday, I was pro-choice," she told her 50,000 Twitter followers. "I believed that women should have a say & the gov shouldn't be interfering w/ our lives. Today, I'm pro-life."
Yesterday, I was pro-choice. I believed that women should have a say & the gov shouldn't be interfering w/ our lives
Today, I'm pro-life. After watching #Gosnell & doing in-depth research, I finally understand the horrors of loopholes in late-term abortions. Pls go watch Gosnell pic.twitter.com/H7WPz8Dcoj
— Kathy Zhu (@PoliticalKathy) October 22, 2018
Despite — or more likely because of — the impact it is having on audiences, "Gosnell" has faced numerous obstacles since its release.
The film's producer has said Facebook blocked "Gosnell" advertising and The New York Times reneged on ads and refused to review the movie.
Although the filmmakers strove for accuracy, "Gosnell" is not graphic in its portrayal of the horrific events. This, in contrast to some ordinary or even Halloween and horror-themed movies, would not be a reason for the movie to be pulled from theaters or have its advertising banned.
Anyone interested in seeing the film may purchase tickets online via links on the movie's website.
Child AbuseFamilyLoveMurderPhysical AbuseValues


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Home > Insights > Publications > U.K. now requires supply chain transparency on human trafficking risks
U.K. now requires supply chain transparency on human trafficking risks
Rich Reinis September 28, 2016
In Part I of our two-part series, we discussed the worldwide issue of modern-day slavery and the California response. In this second part, we discuss the latest response in the United Kingdom.
The United Kingdom Modern Slavery Act 2015 is new legislation passed in the United Kingdom with the purpose of combatting slavery and human trafficking. The Act applies to any entity that:
Is a commercial organization (regardless of where the entity is incorporated or organized);
Supplies goods or services;
Has a global turnover of at least £36 million per year; and
Carries on a business or part of its business in the U.K.
"Turnover" means the amount derived from the sales or other provision of goods and services falling within the ordinary activities of the commercial organization or subsidiary after deduction of trade discounts, value-added tax and any other taxes based on the amounts so derived. Further, guidance from the Home Office (the lead U.K. government department for immigration and passports, crime, counter-terrorism and police) provides that the relevant test for whether a company is "doing business" in the U.K. is whether or not the business in questions has a "demonstrable business presence" in the U.K. Whether or not a company has a demonstrable business presence in the U.K. will be reviewed on a facts and circumstances basis applying a common sense approach, but is expected to be interpreted broadly.
The Act requires businesses subject to the Act to publicly state the activities they engage in to ensure that their business and supply chain are free from human trafficking and slavery (a "Section 54 Statement") at least annually.
The Section 54 Statement must, at a minimum:
List the steps the organization has taken during the financial year to ensure that slavery and human trafficking are not taking place in any of its supply chains and in any part of its own business; or
State that the organization has taken no steps to ensure the business and supply chain are not engaged in slavery or human trafficking.
Home Office guidance suggests the Section 54 Statement be written in simple language so as to be accessible to everyone and, while being concise, also cover all the pertinent information and include links to relevant publications, documents or policies. Guidance further suggests that a Section 54 Statement should include information about the following:
The organization's structure, business and supply chains;
Its policies in relation to slavery and human trafficking;
Its due diligence processes in relation to slavery and human trafficking in its business and supply chains;
The parts of its business and supply chains where there is a risk of slavery and human trafficking taking place, and the steps it has taken to assess and manage that risk;
Its effectiveness in ensuring that slavery and human trafficking is not taking place in its business or supply chains, measured against such performance indicators as it considers appropriate; and
The training about slavery and human trafficking available to its staff.
A Section 54 Statement must be approved by the company's board of directors, published on the company's website and appear via a link in a "prominent" place on the website's homepage. The deadline for publishing a company's first Section 54 Statement is within six months of the first fiscal year end that falls after March 31, 2016.
Unlike the California Transparency in Supply Chains Act, if a covered company under the Act does not publish a Section 54 Statement, the Home Secretary can seek an injunction in the High Court to require the company to do so. If the company fails to comply with the injunction, it will be held in contempt of court and liable for an unlimited fine.
As we stated previously, whether or not your company is subject to the current laws on trafficking and slavery, consider whether your company should begin accounting for risks of human trafficking and slavery in its supply chain. You can do this by requesting certifications in requests for proposals and representations and warranties in supply contracts and work orders, especially if the company's operations create risk for supply chain issues.
Rich Reinis is a Corporate and Securities attorney in our Los Angeles office.


The fear of rejection can keep you from living. The dangers of idealism can keep you from beginning. There is such a vast distance between each of us that can only be closed by overcoming the difficulties within and outside of ourselves. What could compel us to do what is difficult? Only love can do that. "Blame The Miles Between" is a journal of my struggle to love set to the sounds of soulful rock 'n roll. A struggle to overcome rejection and dangerous idealism. A journey to find a relationship where we choose to love each other day after day, year after year. To do what is difficult. It is the culmination of two years of production, five years of songwriting, over a decade of DIY music, and the fruit of life examined. Recorded in my home studio, mixed by Evan Redwine at The Wine Box, and mastered by Kim Rosen at Knack Mastering. "Blame The Miles Between" features performances by Matt Scibilia (Cory Chisel, Marc Scibilia), Adam Meisterhans (Rozwell Kid, J.P. Harris, The Demon Beat), Jesse Thompson, Abigail Dempsey, and Hannah Lusk (Forlorn Strangers), and artists Zach Vinson and Charlie Murphey (Commitment Bells). This release was funded by my generous backers on Kickstarter in March of 2016.
Who stole the light from your eyes, my child?
Where comes this sadness in your quiet hour?
I see your lashes fall, I hear your sighs.
Tell me who has made you cry.
How can I speak of the churning inside?
What tongue can tell without telling lies?
since she stole the stars from my eyes.
Yes, she stole the stars from my eyes.
the heavens gathered up like fireflies.
She's just a passing cloud in the night.
I see the truth, but I feel the sorrow.
and you hope to God that you found a companion.
if the laughter outweighs the sorrow.
Where do you think you're gonna go?
and how are we supposed to know?
or a decision that you make?
you might be traveling alone for a long, long while.
I've been praying to God to let me be your companion.
that I can depend on you to hold me up.
and our laughter fills me up inside.
but I think I know which way to go.
I've made up my mind, I want you by my side.
when you get tired of traveling alone.
Don't you do me wrong.
Don't you string my heart a long.
that always made me feel so incomplete.
someone who can build on what I bring.
No, she don't do me wrong.
I've never held the hand of a glowing screen.
with words I've read from people I never see.
and knowing it won't work out is what you need."
to blame the miles between.
that might align with the way that mine's been fractured?
and I the only actor.
Did You Make The Most?
and it's as painful as can be.
Did you make the most of it, honey?
Or did you give it up for free.
in such a curious way.
Why did I leave so many things undone?
afraid it might be some mistake.
Now, those chances no longer come.
and do or undo what was or wasn't done.
"You can stay safe by staying free,"
wisdom only comes on the heels of suffering.
so I said nothing at all.
now we don't even talk.
And you can't lie, can't look behind.
Now you've blown your cover.
that I'll ever see your heart show.
of a girl who lives in L.A.
And I won't lie, won't look behind.
There's nothing to keep under cover.
–tell me where you hide.
that no one else can enter or can find.
Lead me there, or else leave me alone.
and there you mill them fine.
you find whatever you seek.
just when my dreams were coming true.
and I'm trying to believe what's true.
just to be seen by someone like you.
and you answered right away.
See, now I don't know what I'm supposed to do.
My mind's telling me it can't be true.
still I want to believe that it's you.
and I'm trying to perceive what's true.
drove to the café down the street.
just trying to get a seat.
and realized after a while.
It's a cold world without you, girl.
they all change from red to blue.
It's a cold world without you.
stepped outside and it dropped fifteen degrees.
so, I shivered down and turned up the heat.
that needle barely moved above "C"
as the months and years blow by.


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The question of an Imperial Sovereign or emperor was a central issue in Germany's attempts at unification from 1848 to 1850. Both the draft constitutional act with its provision for  centralised power as well as the constitutional plans at that time, laid down how a German head of state would be selected for office and what rights they were to have.

In the Frankfurt Constitution of 28 March 1849, it was envisaged that an emperor would be the 'imperial sovereign'. Although the National Assembly voted for the first incumbent of this office, thereafter it was assumed that the office would be hereditary. The emperor was to be inviolable as a constitutional monarch, but would appoint responsible ministers.

Frederick William IV, King of Prussia, rejected the imperial dignity which had been proposed to him. Instead, he tried unsuccessfully to unite Germany in his own authority. Under the terms of the Erfurt Union, which he proposed, the Imperial Sovereign was first and foremost the Reichsvorstand (Imperial Executive), and then the Unionvorstand (Union Executive). The Unionvorstand had to share certain rights with other princes, above all, the veto of proposed laws.

Background and terminology

The title of Emperor originally came from the ancient Roman Empire and was familiar, not least because of its use in the medieval Holy Roman Empire. It had become natural that the German king also had the title of Holy Roman Emperor. For centuries, this had been the head of the Austrian House of Habsburg until, in 1806, the Empire was dissolved under pressure from Napoleon. The renunciation of imperial Holy Roman crown was made easier for Austria, because it was allowed by Napoleon to elevate itself to become the empire of Austria.

In the German Confederation from 1815, there was no emperor. The supreme body was a Federal Assembly (often called the Bundestag) with the presidency held by Austria. The romanticism of the time, however, meant there was a romantic idealisation of the medieval empire combined with the notion of a mighty emperor. One of the focal points of such fantasies was the 12th-century emperor, Frederick Barbarossa, who, according to the Kyffhäuser legend, slept in the mountains there, but would return one day to unite Germany.

As early as 1814-15, when the establishment of the German Confederation was still being discussed, Baron vom Stein had demanded a German emperor as head of the federation. Up to 34 smaller and medium-sized states followed suit. But the disunity between Prussia and Austria, as well as that between the other larger states, meant that this was not realised, either in the form of an emperor or of a directorate (Direktorium) or committee (Deutscher Ausschuss) made up of the five largest states. As Stein explained to the Russian Tsar in a memorandum on 17 February 1815,  Austria was to appoint the German Emperor in order to bind it firmly to Germany.

In the years 1848 to 1850, further terms were proposed, which either avoided or concealed the monarchical character of a German head of state: Reichsoberhaupt ("imperial head of state"), Reichsvorstand ("imperial executive") or Reichsverweser ("imperial administrator"). These terms could be interpreted variously to mean either an elected president or a prince as primus inter pares.

When the terms "imperial authority" (Reichsgewalt) or "central authority" (Zentralgewalt) were used, they meant the "state" in the sense of the highest level of federal government, equivalent to the federal level in Germany today. Thus a distinction was made between the authority of the central power and that of the individual states within the Empire. The question then remained of who should exercise this central authority. In most cases, they envisaged a monarch whose power was limited by: a constitution, a body representing the people and by ministerial answerability. The terms "government" (Regierung) or "imperial government" (Reichsregierung) could mean the monarch and his ministers or just the ministers themselves (as the electable part of the government).

Revolution and attempted Imperial Reform, March–May 1848

Joseph von Radowitz wrote a memorandum in 1847 On behalf of the Prussian King, which on 15 March resulted in an Austrian-Prussian conference plan. The memorandum alluded to a central authority, but remained silent about a possible German head of state.  In his proposal of 12 February, Bassmann, a representative from Baden, mentioned chambers at the Bundestag and uniform national institutions, but no head of state. On the other hand, Heinrich von Gagern explicitly mentioned in his motion of 28 February an interim head of Germany, who was to appoint a responsible cabinet.

In March 1848, disturbances arose across German states similar to those seen in the French Revolution of 1848. The frightened German monarchs installed liberal governments, and delegated liberal envoys to the Bundestag. The conventional wisdom among the people was that the time had come for a unified Germany and to provide it with a modern constitution. The Bundestag elected a national assembly, which would draft a constitution and unite governments.

Even before the election, the Bundestag set up a committee which made a constitutional proposal for a national federal state, the  was issued on 26 April 1848. In the preface, the draft emphasized the importance of establishing a strong imperial sovereign in order to guarantee and achieve German unity. The Imperial Sovereign, known as Kaiser, had to be inviolable with ministers accountable to him. As far as law-making, he was to have a coequal responsibility to that of the Reichstag, the partially elected parliament. This draft was the first one put forth during the March Revolutions which provided for a hereditary emperor, according to . Although the draft had no formal status, it was nevertheless an influential model for the later imperial constitution of 28 March 1849.

A further development took place in the Bundestag itself. There was a plan to set up a federal executive committee to finally give the federal government an executive. The three members had to be representatives form Austria and Prussia. For the third, Bavaria had to make a proposal list and the other individual states of the Council of Engers (of the Bundestag) would choose the third. However, because the national assembly would soon meet on 18 May, the Bundestag did not set up this body.

National Assembly

The National Assembly immediately wanted to establish a provisional constitution order with a provisional central executive. According to Ernst Rudolf Huber, "the absence of a central power [...] was the core element of the old Federal Constitution". There were now seven different solutions to the debate, which continued until March 1849.
 A Democratic-Republican leader (President) who served for a fixed term of four, five or seven years. He would be chosen by the people or the people's representative. This was supported by the Democrats and partly by the left-wing centre of the National Assembly.
 A dynastic Republican sovereign. Only a member of a governing princely house could be elected. He could be elected by the people or the people's representatives.
 A democratic directorate, with three, five or seven members. Any citizen could be chosen. For this solution, the federalist thinkers were among the Democrats.
 A democratic directorate, the governing princes would have been elective or permanently appointed princes of certain states. An example was the proposed "Prince Electoral Council of the Three Uncles", Archduke John (Uncle to Austrian Emperor Ferdinand), Prince Wilhelm the Elder (Uncle to the Prussian King, Frederick William IV) and Prince Karl Theodor (Uncle to the Bavarian King, Maximilian II).
 An electoral empire, with an emperor elected by the people or parliament for life. A member of a dynasty or only a ruling prince could be elected. This solution was favoured mainly by the left-centre.
 Alternating sovereigns, with the Austrian Fürst for the first six years, and then the Prussian one for the next six.
 Hereditary emperorship, The very first official was to be elected. Only a dynastic member or a Fürst was eligible. Afterward, the crown would be inherited. In the Emperorship, occupied by a ruling prince, a permanent personal union of Imperial Head of State and Territorial Prince would have arisen. The Austrian Emperor and the King of Prussia were the only ones considered. For the hereditary emperor as a solution came those who desired a single and effective empire against the individual states.

Provisional Constitution
On 3 June 1848, the National Assembly adopted a committee of 15 members, who proposed a three-member board with a majority of eleven to four votes. Governments had to propose this and agree to the National Assembly. The Board set up a ministry (a government) which would be responsible for the National Assembly.

The Democratic minority of the Fifteen-Committee, on the other hand, thought of an executive committee. The chairman would be elected by the National Assembly and then the other members of the committee. The majority of the National Assembly could at any time dismiss the executive committee. The moderate democrat Robert Blum imagined that the executive committee would essentially send the resolutions of the National Assembly to the Governments for execution. The decisive democrats, on the other hand, demanded that the provisional Imperial Government immediately take over the actual executive power of all of Germany.

The majority did not want to leave the familiar ground of the former constitutional right. Although the Imperial Government was responsible parliamentary, yet they turned against a pure parliamentary rule, following the example of the Convention in the French Revolution. The left-centre also did not want the National Assembly to recall the president as the head of the executive.

On 24 June, Heinrich von Gagern, the liberal president of the National Assembly, brought an end to the various proposals and thus the debate from 19 to 25 June. He called on the National Assembly to use a provisional central authority on its own (in a "bold grip"). On 28 June, a majority of the National Assembly voted in favour of the Central Power Act and the following day for the election of Archduke John to Reichsverweser. A Reichsverweser was traditionally the official who governed until the establishment of the final monarch. John of Austria was popular among the people and was thus most likely to be acceptable to the left, on the other hand, he was a high-ranking noble of the Right. Reichsverweser John then set up the first Reichsministerium, the real government of the emerging German Empire, in July and August.

Debates about the Imperial Constitution
In January 1849, a campaign for a referendum erupted in the National Assembly, which highlighted the many differing opinions there. On 19 January 1849, the majority, with 339 votes to 122, rejected the request of the moderate left and the more pronounced "Entschiedenen Linken" leftists to institute an elected imperial ruler for a fixed term (any German could stand for election). In further votes, only 97 deputies voted for a directorate, only 80 for an alternating rulership, 39 for an elected Imperial Sovereign with lifetime tenure, 14 for twelve-year term, 196 for a six-year term, 120 for a three-year term. The only thing a majority of delegates agreed on, was that the Imperial Sovereign should bear the title "German Kaiser" (Kaiser der Deutschen) and that it should not be hereditary (but also not elected).

The deputies at the National Assembly usually consisted of groups named after the inns in which they met. Historical and political terms such as decisive democrats or constitutional liberals, as well as descriptions of sites such as the left, the right, the left-centre, etc. were grouped at the end of 1848 by perhaps the most important individual question in the National Assembly: Greater or Lesser Germany.

At the beginning of the National Assembly, it was taken for granted that Austria belonged to Germany. However, much of the Austrian state was outside the German Confederation, whose borders were, in principle, also those of the new German Empire. Even in Austria within the imperial borders, many people lived without a German mother tongue. If Germany were to become a national state, Austria had to decide either
 Greater German Solution - Austria is divided into a German and a non-German part. The Austrian Emperor could remain head of state in both areas but they must have separate constitutions and administrations.
 Lesser German Solution - Austria remains outside of Germany, with which it is linked by a kind of state bond.
In order for the plans of Austria being included in the Empire, Austria made a dash on 3 March 1849. On 11 March, the National Assembly learned that the Austrian emperor had signed a new constitution. Austria had become a single overall state, and, as a whole, wanted to join a covenant which had a directorate, but not an actual popular representation.

Decisive votes and imperial election
The right-liberals of the Casino faction were mostly for a hereditary emperor. They wanted to choose the Prussian King. This hereditary party had the majority of the Constitutional Committee but not in the entire National Assembly. The Germans gathered in the Mainlust guest house and the news from Vienna took the wind out of their sails. One of their leaders, Carl Theodor Welcker, swung into the camp of Weidensbusch. On 12 March, he surprisingly proposed that the constitutional consultations were completed quickly:
 Outside forces tried to interfere with German constitutional development
 The entire present imperial constitution on its first reading, taking into account the wishes of the governments, was to be adapted as a whole in a single decision. The later Reichstag would have to be improved.
 German-Austria may at any time join the German Federal State.
Welcker's request was rejected by 283 votes (right, left) against 252 (middle). The Reichsministerium resigned but remained in office. Heinrich Simon and the managing minister of the Empire, Heinrich von Gagern succeeded in organising a majority for the content of the Welcker's request (Pact - Simon-Gagern). A group of hereditary emperors supported the Democratic right to vote, the left group, however, against hereditary emperors.

On 22 March, deputy Bernhard Eisenstuck asked for the vote on individual paragraphs, but proposals for improvement were only accepted if they were supported by at least 50 deputies. The last section of the Imperial Report was to be voted on. The request was accepted. In the following polls, two important decisions were made on 27 March:
 On the Area of the Empire: The separation of German and non-German countries (which related to Austria) was somewhat milder and reformulated into a set-point. Nevertheless, it remained that Austria could not join as a whole state. Because of the well-known attitude of the Austrian government, Austria was excluded de facto.
 On the Imperial Sovereign: the deputies decided by a vote of 279–255 that the title of Imperial sovereign was to be transferred to a Fürst. By 267–263, deputies decided that the title would be hereditary.
The majority for the hereditary emperor's title came about because four Austrians joined the Germans in protest against the Austrian government. The Lesser German Solution was supported by the centre, parts of the left (Simon-Gagern Pact) as well as some on the right. On 28 March, the National Assembly voted Prussian King Frederick Wilhelm IV as emperor. 290 voted for him, 284 abstained, 29 were absent. The abstentions came mainly from the Greater Germans and the majority of the left.

Imperial Constitution of Frankfurt from 28 March 1849

The Constitution of the German Empire of 28 March 1849 begins with a long definition of the Empire and contains a long list of the jurisdictional privileges at the Empire level versus those of the individual states. This was followed by Article III regarding the Imperial Sovereign (in sections 68-84).

The title of the imperial sovereign is "German Kaiser". According to section 68, the "title of the imperial sovereign is [...] transferred to one of the ruling Fürsts", without expressly saying who actually carries out the transfer. The following paragraph then states that the Feurst in question passes the title on to his first-born son. His civil list (his income) is determined by the Reichstag.

According to the Imperial Constitution, the emperor's powers were:
 Appointing the Reichsminister
 Representing the Empire internationally, appointing diplomats, etc.
 Calling and closing of the Reichstag, dissolving the Volkshaus (according to certain rules)
 Promulgation of laws, legislative initiative, postponing veto of the law
 Pardon and punishment in criminal matters in the competence of the Reichsgericht
 Preservation of imperial peace (against unrest) and disposition over the armed forces
 Employment of civil servants
 Power of government in all matters of the Empire, insofar as the constitution does not assign individual powers from the Reichsgewalt to other bodies.
The emperor was inviolable or irresponsible so he could not be deposed or politically brought to justice. In order to exercise his office, he had to take an oath to the constitution. The legacy of a deceased emperor would have been permanently refused if a regency had been the only possible solution. Moreover, the emperor could only exercise his office if his actions were signed by a minister of the Empire (countersigned). Whom he appointed Reichsminister was once again in the Emperor's personal decision.

The constitution does not say anything about the Reichsregierung, the Reichsministerium or its internal organisation. Even if the emperor dismisses the government, it is not explicitly stated, but had to be interpreted. The Reichsministers were responsible but the constitution does not explain what the content of the responsibility was. The Reichstag has rights to control the government, according to the right of citation of the Reichstag with the government's obligation to provide information. But there is a lack of a vote of mistrust. According to Huber, the parliamentary system was denied, at least formally. But if the German Empire had been established, the government system would have been parliamentary, also because the Reichsministers were allowed to belong to the Volkshaus at the same time.

References
Notes

Citations

Sources

19th-century German politicians


The Heat Is On is the newest game to be released by Microgaming. The game is proving to be quite popular, thanks to its visuals, as well as its theme, and of course, the great rewards and fortunes that the game can offer. The Heat Is On is about a robber and a cop, both are hot females. Players will join them in a game of cat and mouse as the cop tries to stop the robber from stealing money from the bank. Players will get to join these two hot ladies as they get to claim their own share of the fortunes of the stolen loot from the bank.
The new Microgaming slot machine has an outstanding visual quality. This does not come as a surprise to anyone since the name behind the game is Microgaming. Therefore, players will get to enjoy an immersive ride that will take them deep into the game of cat and mouse. Players will get to enjoy the hot pursuit and become a part of it for an unforgettable ride. The visuals of the game start with the background of the reels. The reel set is located in the big city where the hot pursuit is taking place. This is why players will see the big city streets with the high rise buildings surrounding the reels.
As for the symbols that they are going to see across the reels of the game, they include the hot cop, the beautiful robber and the bank. Other icons include the policewoman's car, the robber's motorbike, a helicopter, a bomb and the usual low paying card symbols. Even the sounds that players will hear during the game play are inspired by the theme to offer players an engaging ride.
The new game is packed with a lot of bonus features and icons that would make the players' stay at the game much more rewarding. The first of these special features is the wild. The game does not give players the ability to enjoy 1 wild, but 2 wilds. These two wilds are the two characters of the game, the hot robber and the hot policewomen. These two wilds will replace for all other icons appearing anywhere across the reels of the game. These wilds will not replace each other, nor will they replace the scatter icon. Wilds can also give great line pries when matched, and even a combo of mixed wilds can give a payout.
The scatter icon can trigger scatter rewards, in addition to the free spins round. Players getting from 3 to 5 scatter icons will trigger the free spins round. Players can claim more free spins, up to 160 free spins. The scatter is the bank symbol.


A poultry farm in Victoria has been fined $230,000 after a man was killed in a workplace incident more than two years ago.
The incident happened on May 30 2016.
The 73-year-old man was working with machinery when he was fatally injured.
The farm was fined at the Country Court in Victoria last week.


A new music video has hit the Web from Baton Rouge based Pacifico. The video is produced by tommysTV, the same production company that I've done many projects with including the Louisiana Culinary Trails. The bar scenes in the video for "I've Finally Found What I'm Looking For" were filmed at the Lock & Key Whiskey Bar, the proud sponsor of Whisk(e)y Wednesday here on Bite and Booze. And that, friends, is why Pacifico's new song is being featured here! Oh, and there are puppets! Check it out!


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A chronicle of the people and events in technology, internet and media since 1997, mixed in with snapshots of musings and observations.
Cocktails with Courtney
Courtney Pulitzer Creations
Social Notes
And even more conferences?
Not to be deterred by the impending weather, this week also marked EntertainNet Marketing conference, Fashion Week and the College Music Festival. I attended one party for Insound.com, a indie music sites for bands and CDs, at the Cooler on Wednesday, September 15. The party hadn't started yet and as a result there were about 20 of us milling about outside in the Meat Market District--me, in a cream colored dress and heels, and about 18 young musicians dressed in black. So we went down the street to the Village Idiot Bar and listened to a country song "Beer is good for you" and chatted. The band I mingled with was Aleutian (aleutian.net), named after the Island. "Our music is cold and the island is too…We're more productive in cold climates," said Mike Dobkowski, bassist in the band. He and his brother, Steven (drummer, electronic samples), Jeremy Prebost (keyboards, engineer, webmaster) and Brad Prenda (vocals, guitar) all drove from Chicago this day and were on 2 hours of sleep. They're performing in one of the wired clubs in town, the Spiral on East Houston at 6:00 pm on Friday.
TCS ARCHIVE
Thursday night's the Boogie Night!
Real Floozy Cocktails
Glamourous Movie Star
Breakfast with a potential movie star
Cocktails and a movie star
Cocktails and a movie
TCS Intro: 9/24/99
The Cyber Scene in Portland ~ by Mike Kingsella
Bits & Bytes -and- Shakers & Stirrers 9/23/99
CYBER SCENE SOCIAL NOTES ~ 9/23/99
Wrap this Marshmallow, honey
You go GURL!
Creative Goodness Gracious
Shimmy, shimmy KoKo Pop!
Twenty years and one hundred lawyers later
Vampires in the 'Hood
The Rich Media Sig 5-Minute Ranter
Cheese steaks in a stretch limo
The Cyber Scene in Washington, DC ~ by Sacha Cohen
Read my lips: "No new taxes."
Oh me! Oh my! Who is that I spy?
A Dinner & A Deal
It's Raining Cats and Dollars!
The new Religion, or "I want my eTV!"
Apologia: Nando Media's apology to TCS readers
Wacky days in history
9|9|99 the day of Hip Hop and Awards
He's not heavy, he's my Hevasi
Cheatah! Cheetah!
While "The Cyber Scene" TM and its agents use their best efforts in collecting and preparing the information published herein, "The Cyber Scene" does not assume, and hereby disclaims, any liability for any loss or damage caused by errors or omissions, whether such errors or omissions resulted from negligence, accident or other causes. "They Cyber Scene" and its affiliated individuals may, from time to time, own, have positions or options in companies discussed herein and may also perform advisory services, and/or have other relationships with those companies.
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You may freely distribute "The Cyber Scene" material, as long as it bears the following attribution: Source: 2020 The Cyber Scene TM http://www.TheCyberScene.com
"The Cyber Scene" TM is a newsletter owned and operated by Courtney Pulitzer. Copyright 1998 - 2020 Courtney Pulitzer. All rights reserved.


Your first stop will start from Sharjah it is a place to visit to explore experience and discover the secrets of a unique Arabian lifestyle and Islamic culture. This emirate takes great pride with its commitment to art and preserving the local heritage.
We witness this unique journey of discovery heading towards Sharjah passing by its beautiful lagoon and green parks. We begin our tour with a photo stop at the Blue Mosque move on drive to the famous Blue Souk renown for its mosaic work. We stop at by at the historical Nabooda House and trace the origins of the early settlers. Next to visit nearby to a traditional coffee shop is not to be missed for a sip of mint tea. Our route then takes us through the heart of the city passing by the majestic King Faisal Mosque, the unique pearl monument and symbol of Sharjah.
Continue our journey in a scenic drive via the Sharjah Corniche, pass the Al Ittihad Monumnet and the Old Rulers Office, to visit the Ajman Fort & Museum where we learn about the Emirates' past before oil was found. We then move back towards the Sharjah area to the Archeological museum followed by a visit to the Sharjah Wild Life Park then dirve back to Dubai. It is an awesome discovery of a different historic land in UAE.
• Archeological Museum visit followed by Wild Life Park.
In summer you are recommended light weight clothing, but extra sweaters or jackets are required for the winter season. We recommended guests to carry their own camera for unforgettable pictures and historic era that you should not miss!


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US Coronavirus Deaths Pass 14,000, But Future Projections Are Better Than Expected
Apr 8, 2020, 10:03 PM | Updated: Jul 25, 2022, 9:28 am
Emergency medical technicians wheel a patient into Elmhurst Hospital Center's emergency room, Tuesday, April 7, 2020, in the Queens borough in New York, during the current coronavirus outbreak. (AP Photo/Kathy Willens)
(AP Photo/Kathy Willens)
BY HOLLY YAN, STEVE ALMASY, MADELINE HOLCOMBE AND OMAR JIMENEZ, CNN
(CNN) — Even though Wednesday was another day that brought a record number of deaths reported from coronavirus in the United States, there was a glimmer of hope as models now have less dire forecasts for the total number of fatalities the country will see by the time the pandemic subsides.
More than 431,000 people in the U.S. have been infected, and more than 14,700 have died.
A record 1,858 deaths were reported in just one day Tuesday, according to Johns Hopkins. On Wednesday there were 1,922 more.
New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo told reporters Wednesday that there were 779 coronavirus-related deaths across the state Tuesday. It was the highest number of deaths reported in one day by New York officials.
Researchers say the peak has yet to come. The U.S. will reach its highest daily number of deaths on or around Sunday, according to modeling by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation at the University of Washington in Seattle.
The projections also suggest the U.S. will reach its peak use of resources — such as hospital beds and ventilators — on or around Saturday.
But there's a bit of good news: The modeling shows fewer people will die from coronavirus than previously predicted.
On Tuesday, the IHME estimated about 82,000 people will die from coronavirus disease by August. On Wednesday, that estimate was lowered to 60,415.
White House coronavirus response coordinator Dr. Deborah Birx said at a White House news conference that models are based on what Americans are doing.
"What has been so remarkable, I think, to those of us that have been in the science field for so long," Birx said, "is how important behavioral change is, and how amazing Americans are at adapting to and following through on these behavioral changes."
"That's what's changing the rate of new cases, and that's what will change the rate of mortality going forward," she said.
Cuomo said it was a bit of good news/bad news.
"Our actions have been better than the statisticians believed. So, we can flatten the curve. We are flattening the curve," he told CNN. "We have to maintain it, but the human cost here, the human toll, the suffering, is just incredible. It's just incredible."
The five-day moving average of new cases in the U.S., which had trended down for one day, according to Johns Hopkins, went back up Wednesday.
Deaths could be higher than reported, CDC says
Many families are grieving for loved ones who often die alone in hospitals.
And the actual number of deaths could be higher than we know.
Some deaths due to COVID-19 "may be misclassified as pneumonia deaths in the absence of positive test results," the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said.
The virus has claimed victims from virtually all demographics, including the young and healthy. But data shows black people are dying from COVID-19 at a disproportionately high rate.
While there have been signs that the number of cases in New York and some other hotspots are leveling off, officials are concerned about other cities.
On a conference call with House Democrats, Birx said the Philadelphia and District of Columbia areas are expected to be the new hot spots, according to a source on the call. She said that they also are carefully watching the Houston area, one of the most populous regions in the country.
Large outbreak at jail in Chicago
More than 400 people linked to one detention facility in Chicago have tested positive for COVID-19, officials said, making the Cook County Jail the largest known source of coronavirus infections in the United States outside of health care facilities.
The Cook County Sheriff's office said 251 detainees and 150 staff members have tested positive. Of the detainees sickened in the outbreak, 22 are hospitalized for treatment and 31 others were moved to a recovery facility.
One detainee died of apparent complications of COVID-19, sheriff's officials said, but results of an autopsy are not back yet. The jail has created a quarantine area to keep detainees who are infected from the others at the jail.
The jail complex houses about 4,700 detainees, according to the sheriff's office. Jail officials have previously said they planned to release nonviolent pretrial defendants who do not have the virus.
Millions of Americans are suddenly unemployed
More than 9.9 million U.S. workers have filed for their first week of unemployment benefits as coronavirus cripples the economy.
In New York, the state with the most cases and deaths, officials estimate a loss of $10 billion to $15 billion in revenue. Cuomo announced those who have filed unemployment claims will receive an additional $600 a week to try to make ends meet.
Tennessee has seen a "record spike" in unemployment claims of more than 250,000 in the last three weeks, Gov. Bill Lee said. Louisiana had 277,000 applications between March 1 and April 4, according to Gov. John Bel Edwards.
In Oklahoma, about 135,000 residents filed for unemployment, the Oklahoma Employment Security Commission said.
In West Virginia, Gov. Jim Justice said an additional $600 would be distributed to those who lost their jobs.
South Carolina Gov. Henry McMaster signed an executive order that allows furloughed employees to receive COVID-19 support payments from their employers to still qualify for unemployment benefits, his office said.
The next weekly report on unemployment claims nationwide will be revealed Thursday.
Blood plasma treatment and vaccine trials move forward
Vaccines typically take years before they're publicly available, but officials are racing to develop one for COVID-19 as quickly as possible.
Dr. Anthony Fauci, the director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, said it might be possible to have a coronavirus vaccine in 12 to 18 months, but some experts say that timeline is risky.
One vaccine trial administered its first dose last month, and now another vaccine trial has started.
Biotechnology company Inovio started a Phase 1 clinical trial this week and estimates that will be finished late this summer, a spokesperson for Inovio told CNN.
"We anticipate rapid enrollment of this initial study," said Dr. Pablo Tebas, an infectious disease specialist at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania and the study's principal investigator.
"There has been tremendous interest in this vaccine among people who want to do what they can do to help protect the greater public from this pandemic as soon as possible."
A source who was on the call with House Democrats told CNN that officials committed to making all vaccines and tests for the disease available to everyone, including those who cannot afford it.
In the meantime, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration expedited the use of blood plasma treatment for seriously ill patients last month.
This week, Jason Garcia — a man who recovered from coronavirus — was told his plasma donation has been distributed so the antibodies he developed can help another patient do the same.
Garcia said doctors told him a patient had since improved.
Ashley Moser
Flu, COVID and RSV all trending down for the first time in months, says CDC
Major respiratory illnesses are all trending down for the first time since September, according to the CDC.
Salt Lake County ends its COVID-19 emergency status
After nearly three years, the Salt Lake County Health Department ended its COVID emergency status Tuesday.
ZEKE MILLER, AP White House Correspondent
White House reveals winter COVID-19 plans, more free tests
The Biden administration is again making some free COVID-19 tests available to all U.S. households as it unveils its contingency plans for potential coronavirus surges this winter.
DeSantis seeks grand jury investigation of COVID-19 vaccines
Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis is asking the state's Supreme Court to convene a grand jury to investigate "any and all wrongdoing" with respect to the COVID-19 vaccines.