Stuart Broad added a touch of international class to Nottinghamshire's performance at Headingley, but it was the troubled side's only consolation as they slipped to an innings defeat against the reigning champions inside three days.
Broad claimed both overnight centurions, Andrew Gale and Jack Leaning, in his first spell with the new ball, and then returned to clean up the tail. His teammates denied him the opportunity of bowling a hat-trick ball, however, after they failed to eradicate Yorkshire's 206-run lead – he top-scored with 50 but was unable to make Yorkshire bat again.
With a combined age of 68, Tim Bresnan and James Middlebrook are far from being poster-boys for Yorkshire's youth policy, but they negotiated a tricky period of play after Broad (and Luke Wood, who bowled Bairstow with an inswinger) with admirable steel and grit. They had added 43 in less than nine overs when Ben Hilfenhaus induced a thick edge off Middlebrook's bat to have him caught at second slip.
Yorkshire coach Jason Gillespie has, in his own words, "copped it" this week for referring to Australia's Test side as "Dad's Army", but he must have been grateful for today's contributions from his own old-timers. Steven Patterson is not in the first flush either, but together with Bresnan he put together 50 runs for the eighth wicket before he dangled his bat to Stuart Broad and was caught behind.
After lunch, Broad tested Jack Brooks with a barrage of short balls, which the Yorkshire seamer did well to avoid. He pitched a ball up that left the tailender clueless and had him caught at slip. With his very next delivery, he trapped Ryan Sidebottom leg before, and the umpire's finger was raised after one of Broad's trademark effusive appeals. His figures of 7-84 were his fourth best in first-class cricket – another cog falling promisingly into place for England's Ashes preparation.
Ryan Sidebottom has never featured in an Ashes Test, but he is a far better bowler than many who have. On his first game back from a long injury layoff, he struck twice with the new ball to plunge Nottinghamshire into deeper trouble after starting their second innings with a 206-run deficit. First, Brendan Taylor was caught well in the gully by James Middlebrook, and then Steven Mullaney hung out his bat and gave Jonny Bairstow an easy catch.
James Taylor only got off a pair with his 16th ball, but he didn't get into double figures after Steven Patterson trapped him with a full, straight ball for a 33-ball six. Wessels and Lumb rebuilt positively, Lumb in particular stroking some attractive drives through the off side, but the partnership was ended when Wessels did not commit fully to a drive and Bairstow took a fine diving catch in front of first slip. Nottinghamshire were still in trouble, but they were going down fighting.
Lumb's knock came to an end when he was adjudged lbw to Bresnan for 47, but it was Will Gidman's innings that epitomised Nottinghamshire's failure in this match. It only lasted six balls, but there was time for a return catch to fall short of Steven Patterson before he tamely flicked Bresnan to forward square leg for nought. A star all-rounder for Gloucestershire in division two for many years, Gidman appears to be taking time to find his feet in the top flight, with an average of 16.81 with the bat and 64.75 with the ball.
Samit Patel, their last batsman of note, was out on the stroke of tea as Alex Lees took a high catch leaping to his left. Ryan Sidebottom fired one through Luke Wood's defences to bowl him for 12. Accompanied by Hilfenhaus, Broad moved to Notts' highest score in the innings with the fearlessness of a tailender in a hopeless position. He survived a missed stumping on 42, but moved to 50 with a cover drive off former England colleague Tim Bresnan. He was out shortly after, smashing Middlebrook but only finding a splendidly diving Andrew Gale at midwicket. The game was over when Hilfenhaus followed up a slogged six with a slogged out, caught by Sidebottom at mid-off.
It would take a staunchly glass-half-full type to find many positives in this match for Nottinghamshire. Stuart Broad was magnificent, but they won't see him again for a while. Luke Wood looks like a good prospect, but he is some way off being able to lead the team. They have underperformed in this match, in this season, and their place in division one is now under serious threat: they slipped to bottom place after Worcestershire held out for a draw at Uxbridge. Yorkshire, on the other hand, move into second place with a game in hand over the leaders Durham.


If the knee wound is deep enough to where you cannot get the edges to stay together or if the edges look jagged, you may need stitches or a skin adhesive, �... acute laceration) without a high risk for subsequent wound infection. As long as the wound can be cleansed thoroughly, facial lacerations often can be closed even the day after injury.
Deeper cuts may need stitches to repair deep structures (such as fascia, the connective tissue envelope around a muscle). Stitches to the skin surface can help to stop bleeding, protect underlying tissues, and lessen scarring.... Once the wound has healed, the scar can be quite tender, particularly in the hand or foot, but can occur anywhere in the body. Tapping the healed scar and deep massage around the scar are two excellent ways of speeding up the scar desensitisation process.
If a deep laceration cannot be examined adequately to exclude damage to such structures, general anaesthesia may be required. Is blood supply impaired? If a flap or area of soft tissue distal to the laceration appears dusky or poorly perfused, the wound requires specialist assessment.... However, any cut that is more than three centimeters long or 1/2 inch deep requires medical attention.If a cut does not go all the way through the skin, it does not need stitches, and can be cared for at home.
Cut approximately 18 inches of thread with scissors. Thread a hand-sewing needle with this thread. Knot one end of the thread. Thread a hand-sewing needle with this thread. Knot one end of the thread.
Before removing the stiff paper backing, cut a hole in the material to approximate the size and shape of the wound you aim to repair. Place the sheet over the area of interest, then feel free to glue away with reckless abandon. Remove the tegaderm once the gluing party is done.
The ability to close a skin wound is an important skill learned by medical care providers. Whether the skin injury was made by a scalpel in the operating room or by a fall in the street, the decision as to how and when to repair the damage needs to be individualized for each patient and situation.


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Over Eight Million Customers of Equity Bank Transact Seamlessly Across Five Countries Using Infosys Finacle
Equity Bank, one of the largest commercial banks in Africa, and Infosys have successfully upgraded the bank's core banking solution to Finacle 10. The enhanced solution will allow over 8.7 million Equity Bank customers to transact seamlessly across five countries – Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Tanzania, and South Sudan. Finacle will help the bank roll out offerings faster, explore new lines of business and deliver a superior banking experience to its customers.
Equity Bank's multi-country operations now run on a single instance of Finacle, which is deployed centrally. This helps the bank save on infrastructure and maintenance costs, while ensuring a 360 degree view of customer relationships.
A unified view of customers allows the bank to offer personalized products and services at competitive prices.
Seamless integration across multiple channels and third-party systems has facilitated productivity improvements across the bank. Cheque processing time has reduced by 30 percent, and new accounts can be opened in less than five minutes.
The 24X7 functionality of the new solution has reduced the time taken to complete end-of-day operations by over two hours.
Equity Bank has also improved its regulatory reporting and created a robust management information system to enable effective business decision making.
The upgraded solution integrates seamlessly with Finacle Treasury and E-banking deployed at the bank.
The complex, five-country implementation was completed in a short period of less than 12 months.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


• Because of the longer time to play, the shipping time standard has been extended to 15-30 days for Brazil and 10-15 days for all other destinations in Latin America.
• All estimates / delivery time typical of the orders come collect real data.
• Transit time will be affected during the holidays, manufacturers and carriers limit their actions at these times. E 'out of our control. Immediately resume normal operation after each holiday.
• It may take a few days to be sent before the courier tracking number to activate the system. If the information does not appear on the website Mail, please try again later.
• shipped from our warehouse and distribution center for all packages.
What is the processing time of the project?
After receiving the order, we check the quality control and testing to ensure product quality before shipment. The duration of treatment depends on the particular product, the average processing time of about two days, but can also affect the state of the stocks of the project. If your questions are in order, inventory, including the popular elements met, orders can be from 5 to 10 days to process requirements.


text:
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moduleFor('route:admin-players-delete', 'Unit | Route | admin players delete', {
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  // needs: ['controller:foo']
});

test('it exists', function(assert) {
  let route = this.subject();
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});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Subsubseries consists of the FIT agreements for Chad as a recipient country.
Subsubseries consists of the FIT agreements for Burkina Faso as a recipient country.
Subsubseries consists of the FIT agreements for Mauritania as a recipient country.
Subsubseries consists of the FIT agreements for Togo as a recipient country.
Subsubseries consists of memos signed by Wolfert and decisions taken by the DDG (blue copies).
Subsubseries consists of the FIT agreements for Malaysia as a recipient country.
Subsubseries consists of the FIT agreements for Bangladesh as a recipient country.
Subsubseries consists of the FIT agreements for Sudan as a recipient country.
Subsubseries consists of the FIT agreements for Nigeria as a recipient country.
Subsubseries consists of FIT agreements for Swaziland as a recipient country.
Subsubseries consists of FIT agreements for Rwanda as a recipient country.
Subsubseries consists of FIT agreements for Benin as a recipient country.


Even with the pickup in new construction, most indicators showed apartment Multifamily's strong fundamentals attracted new players to the market, giving rise to more deals Leaving aside the impact of the Alden Torch/Hunt Companies (pictured below). MARKET MOVES. 0. 100. 200. 300. 400. 500. 600. 2015. 2014.
Find New & Used Hammer Mills for Sale in Australia from Leading Suppliers Gold Member Used Delivers Nationally The lump breaker is 500mm x 500mm with dual rotating stainless claws and it Overall Dimensions 1100mm L X 600mm W X 1800mm H.. . We purchased in 2016, used it once, in great condition ho.
Explore Ecoman India's board "Hammer Mills" on Pinterest. CF500B wood hammer mill Gold Mine Wet Pan Mill Crusher Mill, Hammer Crusher, Stone Crusher For Gold . This is a New Digging Tool from Predatortools: Developed in is a great . non-abrasive materials as well as recycling construction demolition waste.
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From high-performance material options to creative style solutions, Mills The Permaseal design is stronger than conventional crown molding construction.
Lead-Related Construction Tasks and Their Presumed 8-Hour TWA The OSHA lead standard for construction is unique in that it groups tasks .. In addition, some vacuum heads are so heavy that mechanical suspension However, both productivity and the ability to remove tight paint, rust, and mill .. 50 to 500 µg/m3.
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Gold Mining Division of the Anglo American Corporation are described. ground for the deposition of slimes, the initial design and construction of a slimes dam, and volving heavy loss of life that have . 1 :500 with . a 600 mm diameter concrete pipe, which dis- charges direct into the effluent- .. grinder for sharpening.


We operate out of beautiful Prince Rupert, British Columbia, home to some of the finest saltwater sport fishing in the world. We offer day charters as well as custom multi-day fishing vacations targeting salmon, halibut and an array of plentiful bottom-fish. Our fully licensed and insured 26-foot Zeta sport fishing vessels have been customized for your safety and comfort, and, of course, to be the ultimate west coast fishing machines! Whether it is your first time fishing or you are a seasoned angler, we promise an unforgettable fishing trip of a lifetime! Charter Rates: (taxes not included) 1 to 2 people ............................. $1000 3 to 4 people ............................. $1200 5 to 6 people ............................. $1400 Additional Information: - We supply all fishing gear and bait. - We will clean and package your fish. - You need a fishing licence, camera and lunch. - All of our trips are fully guided and include: fuel, premium bait and gear, and cleaning/bagging of your catch. - While ensuring you have a safe, comfortable and exciting vacation with us, we strive to keep our rates affordable so everyone can enjoy this area's spectacular fishing. - Do you have a group of more than six and need two boats, or a smaller group looking to split a charter? Contact us and we will work something out for you.
We offer premium guided fishing charters for Salmon and Halibut in beautiful Chatham Sound and the Prince Rupert area.


text:
Search Travel News Asia for: "Falcon 8X"
Your search for Falcon 8X found the following documents (of 52086 documents searched):
73. SAR Divers Find Tail of QZ8501
Indonesia's Search and Rescue Agency (BASARNAS) has confirmed that on Wednesday the SAR team retrieved a visual confirmation of the tail part of QZ 8501's aircraft. The visual confirmation was made following underwater documentation of the aircraft's tail and small wreckage, which showed the plane's registration number (PK-AXC), captured by the SAR team's sea divers.
74. Holiday Inn Express Opens on Sukhumvit Soi 11 in Bangkok, Thailand
InterContinental Hotels Group has expanded its portfolio of Holiday Inn Express hotels in Thailand with the opening of the Holiday Inn Express Bangkok Sukhumvit 11, the fourth Holiday Inn Express hotel to open in Thailand since the brand debuted in the country in 2012. The new 161-room Holiday Inn Express Bangkok Sukhumvit 11 is located along Sukhumvit Soi 11 not far from both the
75. Travel News Archives from Between 10 December 2014 and 31 December 2014
All the travel news featured on ASIATravelTips / TravelNewsAsia between 10 and 31 December 2014, archived for your easy reference. Travel news from the world's travel trade, aviation and hospitality industries. The latest travel news we feature covers mainly Asia Pacific and Australasia but also extends to the Middle East, Europe and the US. We cover appointments, new deals, rebran
76. Bombardier Receives Order for 5 Learjet 75 Aircraft
Bombardier has announced that an undisclosed customer has purchased five Learjet 75 aircraft, valued at approximately US$69 million dollars based on current list prices.
77. Susana Voces Joins Deliveroo as Global Vice President for Restaurants
Deliveroo has appointed Susana Voces as Global Vice President for Restaurants. Susana will be based in Deliveroo's headquarters in London, England. Susana worked most recently as General Manager for Ebay Italy and Spain.
78. Aleph Hospitality Targets 35 Hotels by 2025
Aleph Hospitality, a hotel management company, has unveiled plans to grow its portfolio to 35 properties by 2025. The company currently has nine hotels in its portfolio, including Getfam Hotel in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Best Western Plus Nairobi Westlands in Nairobi, Kenya, and Four Points by Sheraton Monrovia in Liberia.
79. American Airlines Appoints Alice Curry as Vice President of Customer Care
American Airlines has appointed Alice Curry as Vice President of Customer Care. Alice succeeds Jon Carlo Gulbranson who has been appointed as Vice President of Operations and Crew Performance.
80. Accor Opens Mercure Hotel in Ulsan, South Korea
Accor has expanded its portfolio of Mercure hotels to the south east coast of South Korea. The Mercure Ambassador Ulsan is located a short walk from Ulsan's major shopping areas and the beach.


Less than 24 hours after the polls had closed in the midterm elections -- and immediately after President Trump had delivered one of his most petulant press conference tantrums ever -- the word went forth that Trump had finally rid himself of hated Attorney General Jeff Sessions, the man whose only crime against him was to follow the rules. It's been obvious since the day Sessions made clear that he held to the old-fashioned notion that, in order to function as the highest law enforcement official in the country, his personal reputation and appearance of integrity were more important than fealty to the president, his days were numbered.
Trump tried hard to get him to quit but Sessions refused to leave his dream job until he had remade the country into Alabama, circa 1952. He made a good stab at it, even gratuitously granting police even more power, as one last slap in the face to civil libertarians, on his way out the door. But Trump's ego just couldn't allow Sessions to stay in the job, no matter how skillfully and efficiently he was carrying out the president's agenda.
Trump didn't do the normal thing and put the deputy attorney general in charge until a new person could be confirmed by the Senate. Of course he didn't. He named a completely unqualified toady by the name of Matthew Whitaker, who had been serving as Sessions' chief of staff for the past year. Nobody seems to know exactly how he came to have that particular job, but what we know is that Whitaker was a small-time political player from Iowa who once served as a U.S. attorney and ran unsuccessfully for the Republican U.S. Senate nomination in the 2014 midterms. More recently he was a crony of Sam Clovis, the Iowa politico who worked on the Trump campaign, got himself all caught up in the Russia investigation and had to resign his sinecure at the Department of Agriculture.
Whitaker has also worked as a sole practitioner for a right-wing, dark-money-funded organization called the Foundation for Accountability and Civic Trust (FACT), where he disseminated "legal opinions" in the media in support of Republican politics. Clovis reportedly advised him to go to New York and become a Trump defender on TV in order to get noticed by the president so he could get a judicial appointment. CNN hired him, naturally.
In other words, Whitaker is a political hack, and not a particularly high-level one. But he apparently impressed Trump with his extreme sycophancy, so he went directly from guest hits on CNN to being the attorney general's chief of staff. And now he is the acting attorney general of the United States.
This shouldn't be too surprising, really. Recall that Trump wanted to make his personal pilot the head of the FAA. He brought in his totally inexperienced son-in-law to run his Middle East policy and much else. His daughter is a senior staffer. He liked the White House physician and tried to appoint him as secretary of Veterans Affairs. That's how things work in Trumpworld.
"The truth is there was no collusion with the Russians and the Trump campaign. There was interference by the Russians into the election, but that was not collusion with the campaign. That's where the left seems to be combining those two issues.The last thing they want right now is for the truth to come out, and for the fact that there's not a single piece of evidence that demonstrates that the Trump campaign had any illegal or any improper relationships with the Russians. It's that simple ... The real Russian ties were with Hillary Clinton.
"Let's assume that the President asked him to stop investigating Flynn. That doesn't rise to the level of obstruction of justice and it doesn't sound to me, based on what's been reported, that Jim Comey, as he sat there, believed that the President was telling him to stop the investigation."
Let's just say that his position on the Mueller probe couldn't be any clearer.
The Washington Post reported that two people close to Whitaker said he does not plan to recuse himself from the Russia case. They also said he likely won't approve any presidential subpoena, which undoubtedly has made Rudy Giuliani very happy. Who needs the aggravation?
That may be the most sensible thing he's said about this entire matter.
That machine is as well-oiled as ever.
There has been much anticipation that the Mueller investigation is coming to a head. Something may have even happened already. But you have to wonder if this man Whitaker is going to end up going the Anthony Scaramucci route. (That is, his tenure in the administration could be very short.) It kind of feels that way.
The question is how much damage this ill-fated acting A.G. can do before he exits the scene. (He already got to work issuing a new and probably unlawful order that requires asylum seekers to apply only at authorized ports of entry.) If nothing else, Whitaker will have been briefed on all the details of the Mueller investigation, and has undoubtedly already shared every single one of them with Donald Trump. That's what he's there for. It's all right out in the open.


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Home Tabla Online Tabla Lessons for Advanced Level
Online Tabla Lessons for Advanced Level
US $60 20% off
: English, Bengali, Hindi, Punjabi
Once you start developing the basic Tabla playing skills, you will unconsciously develop an innate desire to upgrade those skills. These classes designed by the highly-trained and acclaimed Shailendra Mishra will help students explore this beautiful instrument as an accompanying instrument. Moreover, students will become capable of playing the Tabla as solo artists.
Teacher Skill Keywords
Performances, Tabla
Besides helping the students understand the literature and glossary of this instrument, the curriculum of this advanced-level course covers the following:
Introduction to the history of the Tabla, its music and works of famous musicians
Traditional compositions of different gharanas
Introduction to short cycled Taals like Keharwa, Dadra etc
Melodic compositions in Tintaal, Rupak, Jhaptaal, Ektaal to play as an accompanying instrument to vocals and other musical instruments- Ateet, Anagata, Peshkar its variations, Qayedas, Chalan, Chakradars of different types, Relas
Playing the Tabla solo in Madhya Laya
Expert Shailendra Mishra has been nurtured and seasoned for Tabla playing by eminent Indian gurus like Shri Arjun Rai, Pandit Anand Gopal Bandopadhyay, and Pandit Sameer Chatterjee.
He also received valuable guidance from Late Pandit Shyamal Bose. He represents both Banaras and Farrukkhabad Gharanas. At a very young age, he carved a niche for himself and is one of the most talented percussionists in India.
His playing reflects the authenticity of the Gharanas he represents, clarity and dignity to the 'Bols', his complete control over 'Laya', and a good understanding of the underlying complexities of 'Taal' and 'Laya'. His repertoire is rich and varied, indeed. Winner of many prestigious contests, he also has a Master's Degree in Music (percussion).
He has also participated several times in the 'National Programme of Music' on AIR and Doordarshan (Indian T.V. channels). He has conducted workshops as well as 'Lecture Demonstrations, covering various topics on music, especially the Indian rhythm and related aspects of the art of Tabla playing.
Shailendra has accompanied stalwarts like Ustad Amjad Ali Khan (sarod), Pandit V.G.Jog (violin), Pandit Shrikant Bakre (vocal), Pandit Rajan Sajan Mishra (vocal), Pandit Ulhas Kashalkar (vocal), Vidushi N.Rajam (violin), Smt Laxmishankar) (vocal), Pandit Surinder Singh (vocal) and a host of eminent vocalists and instrumentalists in India and abroad. His solo performances and Jugalbandi concerts, including the Carnatic percussionists, have been greatly admired and applauded by critics and connoisseurs.
Of late, his exploration of fusion music has turned out to be one more feather in his cap. He has also worked with jazz musicians like Lewis Pragasam, Greg Lyons, and 'Gamelan' (a group of Malaysian traditional instruments).
On invitation from the 'Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR), Government of India, he has toured different places in India and abroad to perform and propagate the art of Tabla playing.
ICCR, Government of India had deputed him as third secretary(culture) in the Cultural Centre, High Commission of India, Kuala Lumpur. There he was not only teaching this art to the people of Malaysia but also propagating and spreading Indian culture through musical performances, workshops, and seminars.


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Lebanon to Begin Offshore Exploration in Mediterranean Block Disputed by Israel
February 9, 2018 by Reuters
The first exploration well will be drilled in Block 4 in 2019, followed which will be drilled in Block 9, more than 25 km (15 miles) from the maritime border claimed by Israel.
By Lisa Barrington BEIRUT, Feb 9 (Reuters) – Lebanon said on Friday it had signed its first offshore oil and gas exploration and production agreements for two blocks, including a block disputed by neighbouring Israel.
Lebanon's energy minister said the dispute with Israel would not stop Lebanon benefiting from potential undersea reserves in the contentious Block 9, while consortium operator Total said it would not drill the block's first well near the disputed zone.
A consortium of France's Total, Italy's Eni and Russia's Novatek signed the agreements for the two blocks, which are among five that Lebanon put up for tender in the country's much-delayed first licensing round.
Israel and Lebanon, which regard each other as enemy states, have exchanged threats and condemnation over the tender, amid rising tensions over territorial and marine boundaries between them.
"Today, we announce that we have started our petroleum path … after signing the agreements and launching the exploration activities," Lebanese Energy Minister Cesar Abi Khalil said at a ceremony in Beirut.
The contracts were signed on Jan. 29.
Data suggests there are reserves in Lebanon's waters, but no exploratory drilling has taken place to estimate their size.
Abi Khalil has said a second offshore licensing round would be held once the first commercially viable discovery was made.
The first exploratory well will be drilled in Block 4 in 2019, said Stephane Michel, Total's head of exploration and production in the Middle East and North Africa.
The second well will be drilled in Block 9 more than 25 km (15 miles) from the maritime border claimed by Israel, he said at the ceremony. "There is no reason not to proceed in this way," Michel added.
Lebanon has an unresolved maritime border dispute with Israel over a triangular area of sea of around 860 sq km (330 square miles) that extends along the edge of three of its total 10 blocks.
Total said in a statement the disputed waters comprise 8 percent of Block 9 and that its exploration well "will have no interference at all with any fields or prospects" in the disputed sliver of water.
Lebanese and Israeli officials said David Satterfield, acting assistant U.S. secretary of state, was in Israel last week and in Lebanon this week on a mediation mission. U.S. officials confirmed his travels without detailing his agenda.
Israeli Energy Minister Yuval Steinitz said on Friday a diplomatic resolution to the dispute "is preferable to threats".
But, speaking to Tel Aviv radio station 102 FM, Steinitz added: "We made two things clear, in a very forthright manner, over the last year. One, don't provoke us, and don't explore in or even get close to the disputed line-of-contact."
Israel last went to war in Lebanon in 2006, against the heavily armed, Iran-backed Shi'ite Muslim Hezbollah movement. Israel says Hezbollah has increased in strength since helping sway the Syrian civil war in President Bashar al-Assad's favour.
Abi Khalil told Reuters the heightened tension between the two countries in recent weeks has "not had an effect" on the consortium's plans to explore.
EAST MED
Lebanon is on the Levant Basin in the eastern Mediterranean where a number of big sub-sea gas fields have been discovered since 2009.
Eni reported the Mediterranean's largest discovery in 2015: the Zohr field off Egypt which holds an estimated 30 trillion cubic feet of gas.
And on Thursday Eni said it and Total had discovered a promising natural gas field off Cyprus.
Fuad Krekshi, Eni's executive vice president of the Middle East, said Eni's entry into Lebanon's market is a "natural consequence" of its existing role in the Mediterranean region.
Total, with 40 percent, heads the consortium drilling Lebanon's first offshore well. Eni also holds 40 percent and Novatek 20 percent.
Vyacheslav Mishin, head of Novatek's new Lebanon office, said the projected global growth in natural gas and LNG consumption was key to his company's future growth.
"The Middle East market for LNG consumption is forecast to grow by more than 100 percent by 2030," he said.
Potential reserves could be used domestically or exported.
Both are attractive for Lebanon which has been short of electricity since its 1975-90 civil war and has an anaemic economy battered by war in neighbouring Syria and political tensions.
It is also hoped the developing oil and gas industry will create jobs and economic growth. To this end, the EPA contracts say 80 percent of people employed by the consortium should be Lebanese, with priority given to local suppliers and contractors.
But the commercial viability of potential reserves depends on energy market prices, the ability to secure customers and the cost and politics of building export infrastructure.
"For all the fields in the region, there are commercial, political, and technical challenges that hinder exploitation for the purposes of export," Tareq Baconi, a European Council on Foreign Relations visiting fellow on MENA energy told Reuters.
"Many of the challenges for export will be faced by Lebanon as well when, and if, it discovers offshore reserves," he said. (Additional reporting by Ellen Francis in Beirut and Dan Williams in Jerusalem; Editing by Alison Williams, David Evans and Mark Potter)
(c) Copyright Thomson Reuters 2018.
Filed Under: Offshore News Tagged With: israel, Lebanon offshore dispute
Gulf of Mexico Oil and Gas Producers Begin Restarting After Barry


The PPACA , or Obamacare as it is known to many will be rolling out very soon. The legislation as most of us recall is very confusing, well over 1,000 pages in length, and has provisions that will be enforced by the IRS. The insurance premiums for many people will increase drastically while many others will qualify for subsidies that will lower their premiums considerably.
At AZSHIS, we have studied this legislation in great detail and have relationships with many carriers in Arizona that will be providing health insurance to those under the age of 65. Stay tuned for news about one of upcoming seminars that will provide information about Obamacare . We will also enroll you in a health insurance plan when they become available this October.
This insanely complicated chart will tell you.
Last week I posted a copy of the draft application for Obamacare benefits, which clocks in at a hefty 21 pages.
Consumer advocates and Wonkblog commenters had similar questions: Why on earth would the federal government create such a complex form to obtain a public benefit?
For me, at least, the flowchart below provides a bit of an answer. It comes from the National Association of Insurance Commissioners, which represents the regulators who oversee each state's insurance market. It is an attempt to draw up the most basic, simple questions to determine eligibility for insurance subsidies or Medicaid.
You don't have to spend much time with the chart to get that, it's really not simple at all. (click here for a larger version).
It can take as many as six questions just to determine an individual's ability to buy insurance. An eight-question chain sorts out eligibility to eschew employer coverage and buy an individual plan with a tax credit instead.
In a way, this is a natural extension of the law's structure. The Affordable Care Act grows two different insurance programs, Medicaid and the individual market. Information on income levels is needed to figure out who qualifies for which one.
The Obama administration isn't collecting 21 pages of information for its own entertainment. It's collecting 21 pages of information to figure out where people land on this flowchart.
Medicare is a Federal health insurance program. It covers most people 65 years old and over, some people younger than 65 with disabilities, people diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and those with end-stage renal disease (ESRD).
Medicare is divided into several parts. This fact sheet discusses: Part A, Hospital Insurance and Part B, Medical Insurance. For more information on Medicare Part C (Medicare Advantage Plans) and Part D (the prescription drug benefit), please see our fact sheets Medicare Advantage Overview and Part D Overview at cahealthadvocates.org.
Part A covers most in-patient hospital care, some in-patient skilled nursing facility care, some home health care, and hospice care.
There is no monthly Part A premium for people who have 40 or more quarters of Social Security credits (about 10 years of full-time work with four quarters per year) and who are eligible for Social Security or Railroad Retirement benefits. People insufficient Security quarters may buy Part A and pay a monthly premium of $451.00 (for 2012).
Part B covers a portion of the Medicare approved costs for out-patient medical services such as doctors' services, out-patient hospital care, laboratory tests, out-patient physical and speech therapy, some home health care, ambulance services, and some medical equipment and supplies.
Part B coverage is optional. If you or your spouse are still working and you are covered by your employer group health plan, you may not need this part of Medicare until you or your spouse retire. (See our fact sheet Coverage After 65 if You or Your Spouse Works). For people who enroll in Part B and receive Social Security, the Part B monthly premium ($99.90 in 2012, for beneficiaries with individual incomes of $85,000 or less) is automatically deducted from their Social Security check every month. For people who do not receive Social Security, they will be billed quarterly for Part B. Medicare does not offer comprehensive coverage. Even though it pays for some preventive services and covers most medically necessary services, Medicare pays for less than half of what it typically costs beneficiaries for all of their health care expenses. Some examples of items that Medicare will not pay for are: hearing aids, eyeglasses, dental care and long term care at home or in a nursing home, when the care you need is primarily personal care services/custodial care.
If you think you're having trouble choosing between an HMO, PPO, HSA or any other assortment of acronyms, imagine adding another layer of difficulty. That's right; the Affordable Care Act (better known as Obamacare), is about to go into its final and most important stage of implementation. This means that within the next year, the individual mandate will go into effect and everyone will need to get health insurance. People who are on employer-sponsored plans or existing individual plans will not need to change anything, but thanks to state-based "healthcare exchanges," it will become a lot easier for the uninsured to find affordable Arizona health insurance.
Ever since Obamacare became the "law of the land" and all hope of its repeal faded away, states have been taking a more serious approach to its implementation. It didn't take the reelection of President Obama for Arizona lawmakers to realize that it would be upheld. That decision was made when the Supreme Court ruled that the mandate in the Affordable Care Act was "constitutional." But whether you oppose or approve the law is less important than whether you understand its impact on your life.
According to one article from the Tucson Citizen earlier this year, "Obamacare saves Arizona consumers $27.9 million," the Affordable Care Act's 80/20 rule will result in millions of dollars in rebates from insurance companies. While they only average $118 per family, 414,000 Arizona residents are currently eligible for the rebates.
The 2013 Annual Enrollment Period (AEP) Is Here!!
From now (October 15th) to December 7th, the annual enrollment period for Medicare health insurance plans is here. If you would like to review what is available in Arizona contact us at Arizona Senior Health Insurance Solutions. We will help you find the plan that will help you live your life to the fullest.


text:
Джил Поул () — персонаж серии «Хроники Нарнии». Она одноклассница Юстэса. Появляется в двух книгах «Хроник Нарнии»: «Серебряное кресло» и «Последняя битва». Также в конце фильма «Хроники Нарнии: Покоритель зари» Юстэсу было сказано, что к нему в гости пришла Джил Поул.

Биография
Впервые появилась в «Серебряном кресле». Очень ранима, но очень добра и честна с окружающими. Дружелюбна, но забывчива (в частности, забыла некоторые знаки, которые ей сказал Аслан в «Серебряном кресле», из-за чего герои то и дело попадают в неприятности). . Она и Юстэс благодаря помощи Питера и Эдмунда (они нашли волшебные кольца) попадают в Нарнию. В земном мире они погибают в железнодорожной катастрофе, в Нарнии настаёт настоящий апокалипсис и Джилл с Юстэсом попадают в мир Аслана (то есть в царство небесное) где и останутся навсегда вместе с Дигори , Полли, Питером, Люси и Эдмундом.

Образ

В постановке BBC 1990 года « Хроники Нарнии» Джилл Поул сыграла Камилла Пауэр.

В фильме 2010 года Хроники Нарнии: Покорителя Зари Джилл Поул упоминается в конце в гостях у Юстаса, хотя ее не показывают. Этого не произошло ни в книге, ни в адаптации BBC 21 годом ранее.

Литература по теме

Персонажи «Хроник Нарнии»
Вымышленные девочки
Вымышленные лучники

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


How to check if mongo db is running on Mac?
I had installed MongoDB few days back on my Mac and am not sure how I installed, but now how do I check if MongoDB is up and running in my system?
This will get you the number of MongoDB processes running, thus if it is other than 0, then you have MongoDB running on your system.
The ps -ef | grep mongod part return all the running processes, that have any relation to the supplied string, i.e. mongod, e.g. have the string in the executable path, have the string in the username, etc.
When you run the previous command, the grep mongod also becomes a process containing the string mongod in the COMMAND column of ps output, so it will also appear in the output. For that reason you need to eliminate it by piping grep -v grep, which filters all the lines from the input that contain the string grep.
So now you have all possible lines that contain string mongod and are not the instances of grep. What to do? Count them, and do that with wc -l.
wc -l output contains additional formatting, i.e. spaces, so just for the sake of the beauty, run tr -d ' ' to remove the redundant spaces.
As a result you will get a single number, representing the number of processes you grep'ed for.
How to go about storing application options: file system or db?
Why to use MySQL for a dictionary website a bad idea?


Apart from the four written answers to Parliamentary Questions, Minister for Manpower Lim Swee Say also delivered the Singapore Workforce Development Agency (Amendment) Bill 2016, Second Reading Speech at Parliament yesterday.
During the speech, Minister for Manpower Lim Swee Say pointed out the three key areas in which Workforce Singapore (WSG) under MOM will strive to do in order to be both pro-worker and pro-business.
At the worker level, WSG will not only help individuals find jobs but also help them build careers at all life stages.
At the workforce level, WSG will strengthen the inclusiveness of our local workforce in the face of disruptive change.
At the industry and company level, WSG will help businesses create better quality jobs to attract and build a stronger Singaporean core.
"WSG will support companies to adopt new business models, be more manpower lean, and create progressive workplaces to fully utilise the skills and talent of our workers," he said.
He pointed out that workers can expect WSG to be worker-centric, covering all their career stages.
At the same time, industry and businesses can expect WSG to be employer-centric, working in partnership with sector agencies and tripartite partners to help them develop manpower pipeline in each sector.
The WSG will also pay attention to SMEs and continue to help companies and clusters of firms to become more manpower-lean and innovative through schemes such as the Lean Enterprise Development Scheme.
"In addition, it will work with businesses to redesign jobs and improve HR practices so that they can turn their human resources into their human capital," Lim said.
Lastly, it will leverage new technology and platforms to widen the reach and impact of its services.
Quicken the transformation of industry, to make every job a better job.
He noted that MTI and sector agencies are leading this effort to create the new industries, new businesses, and new jobs of the future.
Quicken the transformation of the workforce, to make every worker a better worker.
"MOE is leading the effort to inculcate lifelong learning, from pre-employment education to professional and continuing education. SkillsFuture Singapore is the new agency tasked with this," Lim said.
Match every better worker to every better job, and make every career a better career for all Singaporeans.
He highlighted that as Singapore transforms As we transform the industry and the workforce, it is crucial that we keep the two in sync.
"If workforce transformation lags behind industry transformation, workers will miss the opportunities for better jobs while businesses will not have the manpower they need," he explained.
"We would end up with higher structural unemployment and an over-reliance on foreign manpower.
And more than 22,000 workers in Singapore who have been victims of poor employment practices have been assisted by MOM's WorkRight..


365 American Craft Breweries in 365 Days.
My friend, Brandon Wurtz (Haggis), and myself, Michael Roberts (Camel), will be taking a trip across the United States to visit at least 365 breweries in 365 days in 2014. During our travels, this blog, our Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Untappd will be updated daily with interviews, stories, photos, podcasts, and much more showcasing the side of craft beer that we have come to know and love.
Our mission is simply to support the craft brewing community in hopes that it will give attention to the smaller, more localalized breweries in the craft brew scene. We are also striving to put out a coffee table book with a dedicated page for each brewery we encounter on our epic journey as well both desk and wall calendars.
Stop and enjoy a beer after hiking up a mountain while you're at it. It'll change your life.


text:
title: Telerik.Web.UI.DropDownTreeEntryRemovingEventArgs
description: Telerik.Web.UI.DropDownTreeEntryRemovingEventArgs
slug: Telerik.Web.UI.DropDownTreeEntryRemovingEventArgs
---

# Telerik.Web.UI.DropDownTreeEntryRemovingEventArgs : Sys.CancelEventArgs

## Inheritance Hierarchy

* Sys.CancelEventArgs
* *[Telerik.Web.UI.DropDownTreeEntryRemovingEventArgs]({%slug Telerik.Web.UI.DropDownTreeEntryRemovingEventArgs%})*

## Methods

### get_entry

Returns the entry which is about to be removed from the Entry collection.

#### Parameters

#### Returns

`Telerik.Web.UI.DropDownTreeEntry`


Prosper is an Arts Council England-funded business support programme for the arts, museums and libraries led by Creative United.
The pilot round took place 2017-18 and offered the opportunity for 70 arts and cultural organisations, companies and individual entrepreneurs in England to participate in nine months of free, dynamic and impactful business support activities to improve resilience, commercial capacity and investment readiness.
I was appointed as a business advisor and webinar host for the programme. I supported arts and cultural organisations to review their plans for the future. This included exploring areas such developing vision and refining ambition, writing business plans, testing commercial development ideas, reviewing earned income opportunities, exploring how to build capacity and improve time management, and developing customer insight to drive future growth.


Desc: He isn't supposed to leave the door open.
Auto-five for Breaking Bad, even if this clip leaves out the best part.
Yeah, I thought about adding the hole digging and tweaker pad tour in a multi-part submission, since that's on YouTube as well.
Every time this show visits a tweaker's house it's a horrible and darkly hilarious adventure into the heart of hell.
Why would anybody make this clip? This is just setup for what happens after. Nothing worth noting happens in this clip.
A man inconsolably screams "Tucker!" off camera ten times.


text:
Q: cmake: ExternalProject_Add() does not apply cmake arguments I have troubles while building an external library (glfw) in my cmake file:
[...]

ExternalProject_Add(glfw
    PREFIX "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/glfw"
    URL "https://github.com/glfw/glfw/releases/download/3.2.1/glfw-3.2.1.zip"
    URL_HASH SHA256=b7d55e13e07095119e7d5f6792586dd0849c9fcdd867d49a4a5ac31f982f7326
    CMAKE_ARGS "-DGLFW_BUILD_EXAMPLES=OFF -DGLFW_BUILD_TESTS=OFF"
    INSTALL_COMMAND ""
    TEST_COMMAND ""
)

add_executable(test main.cpp)
add_dependencies(test glfw)

Although this works quite well, the given cmake arguments -DGLFW_BUILD_EXAMPLES=OFF -DGLFW_BUILD_TESTS=OFF are ignored.
According to the glfw documentation the arguments should disable building examples and tests. I only want to build the library (target: glfw).
If I try to build the library separately
cmake -DGLFW_BUILD_EXAMPLES=OFF -DGLFW_BUILD_TESTS=OFF

then it works as expected.
I also study the cmake documentation but I can't get any further.
Am I doing something wrong? Can you choose which target to build or not?

A: Parameter CMAKE_ARGS contains a list of options, NOT a single string with space-separated options. Correct:
CMAKE_ARGS -DGLFW_BUILD_EXAMPLES=OFF -DGLFW_BUILD_TESTS=OFF

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: A valid query syntax for OrientDB returns no results (without errors) My question in short - I want to search for vertices from a specific type with 2 conditions in the where-clause. when I search with each condition separately, I get results, but when I combine them with an "and" operator - I get no results and no errors.
More Details:

*

*I am using OrientDb 2.2.13.

*I have a vertex type called "EN182" with 2 text fields:
"EP11" - string.
"EP12" - emmbedded list of strings.

*I added a record to the orientDB from this type (EN182) with the values:
"EP11" = "Second Text".
"EP12" = ["First Text" , "Second Text" , "Third Text"]

*I get my record When I run:
SELECT * FROM EN182 WHERE EP11 IN ['forth text','second text']

*I get my record When I run:
SELECT * FROM EN182 WHERE ['forth text','second text'] IN EP12

*BUT when I run a query with both conditions using "AND" operator
I GET NO RESULTS AND NO ERRORS:
SELECT * FROM EN182 WHERE EP11 IN ['forth text','second text']
AND ['forth text','second text'] IN EP12

(It is not happening with all types, just STRING types [single & multiple value])
WHAT CAN IT BE??
I probably have a syntax error, but what can it be?? each condition works fine alone or with other conditions.
P.S. The index on those fields are:

*

*CREATE INDEX EN182.EP11 on EN182 (EP11 COLLATE CI) NOTUNIQUE_HASH_INDEX METADATA {ignoreNullValues: false};

*CREATE INDEX EN182.EP12 on EN182 (EP12 COLLATE CI) NOTUNIQUE_HASH_INDEX METADATA {ignoreNullValues: false};

A: ok i tried your case and work fine (but right now i can only test it with an older version), IF you are reporting exactly your queries and data then is correct that your last query result is empty, because Orient is case sensitive and you have inserted a record with "EP11" = "Second Text". "EP12" = ["First Text" , "Second Text" , "Third Text"]
but then you are searching for:
EP11 IN ['forth text','second text'] AND ['forth text','second text'] IN EP12
hope is only that your problem, happen more often than you think, cheers.
btw my test (index created with studio)
create class EN182 extens V
create property EN182.EP1 string
create property EN182.EP12 EMBEDDEDLIST
insert into EN182 (EP11,EP12) values ("Second Text",["First Text" , "Second Text" , "Third Text"])
SELECT * FROM EN182 WHERE EP11 IN ['forth text','Second Text'] and ["First Text","Second Text"] IN EP12 //return your vertex see the right codition in the filter


text:
Tag: die
Notice any contradictions?
Some Republicans really don't care if millions of Americans die
Republican Senator Ron Johnson told the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, "I'm not denying what a nasty disease COVID-19 can be, and how it's obviously devastating to somewhere between 1 and 3.4 percent of the population. But that means 97 to 99 percent will get through this and develop immunities and will be able to move beyond this. But we don't shut down our economy because tens of thousands of people die on the highways. It's a risk we accept so we can move about. We don't shut down our economies because tens of thousands of people die from the common flu."
He added that coronavirus has a far higher fatality rate than the seasonal flu, but said, "getting coronavirus is not a death sentence except for maybe no more than 3.4 percent of our population (and) I think probably far less…"
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, there are currently over 329 million Americans. If, to use the senator's phrasing, the coronavirus were to kill "maybe no more than 3.4 percent of our population," that would mean the death of over 9 million Americans. If the 3.4 percent figure is high, and it turns out that the virus is fatal to 1 percent of the population, that's still over 3 million American deaths.
Just in case you were missing out on the essential Republican concern over national disasters.
Grandmother misdiagnosed, sent home to die!
A New York grandmother who spent two years in in-home hospice care and on morphine is suing a hospital for misdiagnosing her with cancer, a lawsuit says.
Ramona Jimenez, 85, of Long Island says she was wrongly diagnosed with stomach and lung cancer at Brookhaven Memorial Hospital, bluntly told she had two months to live and sent home to in-home hospice care…
After two years, during which she became addicted to the morphine, Jimenez's family finally took her for tests at Stony Brook University Hospital where doctors told the astounded family they found no evidence of any cancer.
"This is everyone's nightmare," said Andrew Siben, who is preparing a multimillion-dollar malpractice lawsuit for Jimenez against Brookhaven.
"This is a classic case of misdiagnosis … a calamity of errors. This woman's whole life has completely fallen apart…"
In November 2008, Jimenez went to Brookhaven with a bad stomach ache, was tested and told she had "stomach and lung cancer and had just two months to live," Siben said…
"When I started taking all the drugs, I went out of my mind," Jimenez said. "They gave me a lot of morphine. I couldn't remember who I was."
Last May the family took her for tests at Stony Brook.
"They looked at Brookhaven's pictures and couldn't see any cancer either," Jimenez's daughter Brunelda Morua said.
"When they told me I didn't have cancer, it was like a miracle. They took me off the drugs, except the morphine," said Jimenez, who is now on a treatment to wean her from the painkiller. "My mind cleared up."
Brookhaven is silent about the whole affair. They deserve the worst – given that another hospital reviewed Brookhaven's own X-rays, etc, and found nothing.
Another great reason to get a second opinion right off the bat – when you get negative medical news.
'Dr Death' sells euthanasia kits in UK for £35
March 29, 2009 March 29, 2009 Leave a comment
Testing kits that allow people to check the strength of drugs they have bought in order to commit suicide are to be sold in the UK by one of the world's leading advocates of euthanasia.
Dr Philip Nitschke, an Australian physician known as Dr Death for his enthusiastic promotion of a person's right to take his own life, believes the UK is a suitable place to run a trial of the kits, which he has been developing in his laboratory. But Nitschke's actions have revived concerns that healthy elderly and vulnerable people will end up killing themselves in the belief that they have become a burden to their families.
Why should the reason matter? Freedom to choose is the question.
Last autumn, Nitschke's organisation, Exit International, provoked uproar in the UK when it held workshops giving people advice on how they could end their lives. One workshop in Bournemouth was cancelled after the council stepped in. However, a similar event went ahead in central London and was reported to have been well attended.
But now Exit is provoking further controversy with its plans to sell the barbiturate-testing kits here. In the latest issue of its magazine Deliverance, Exit explains how it created a purpose-built laboratory to test "end-of-life options". The article continues: "Calibration of the chemicals involved is essential so that those using the test will be certain that the drugs they test will give them a peaceful and reliable death.
"The kit is scheduled for release in the UK in May and will be available internationally shortly after that."
Bravo! The good doctor will now have to suffer through months of harassment. Here in the U.S. he'd run the additional risk of imprisonment – for talking about his beliefs. Not directly, of course. Our political establishment is too sophisticated for that. But, they'd work at it.
If smoking is so bad for you, who still does it?
Smoking is bad for you, and by now, most of us know it.
To recap: Smoking exponentially increases your risk of developing lung cancer (and other lung diseases, like emphysema and chronic bronchitis) and puts you at higher risk for cancer of the mouth, throat, larynx, esophagus, bladder, pancreas, kidney, cervix and stomach. Smoking also elevates the risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke and insulin resistance. And, as if all that weren't bad enough, it causes wrinkles…
So, who exactly — in the face of all the mounting scientific evidence, social stigma and legal bans — still lights up?…
"The demographics have changed so much that now, more often than not, it's the disadvantaged who are still smoking compared to the highly educated, highly trained people," Hurt said. "It is pretty clear that the prevalence of smoking in groups of people is related to education status, which is a surrogate for income status. … When you go down the income ladder, the smoking prevalence rises. Some groups of severely disadvantaged people have smoking rates of 30 to 40-plus percent."
Hurt says that there is also a much higher prevalence of smoking among people with mental health disorders like depression, alcoholics, drug users and schizophrenics.
Which brings us back to the inescapable fact that, worldwide, an estimated 4 million adults die each year of tobacco-caused diseases. Said Hurt, "This is only product that I know on the face of the Earth which, if it is used as recommended by manufacturer, kills 60 percent of its customers."
I started smoking when I was 12. Stopped when I was 22 years old. At the time, I smoked more than 2 packs a day – and quit in the middle of a pack, in the middle of a carton.
One of the two smartest things I did at that tender age.


Silver Plated Wedding Cake Stand - 18"
Rent a cake stand - An elegant and affordable way to display your wedding cake. Our silver-plated wedding cake stand is 18" in diameteter with a 22 1/2" wide base and stands 4" tall on it's feet. It is accented with silver beading on the edge with an elegant design on the feet. Call today to rent for your wedding or event.


text:
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Air Emissions from Animal Feeding Operations: Current Knowledge, Future Needs (2003)
Chapter: Front Matter
Visit NAP.edu/10766 to get more information about this book, to buy it in print, or to download it as a free PDF.
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Original Pages Text Pages
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2003. Air Emissions from Animal Feeding Operations: Current Knowledge, Future Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10586.
AIR EMISSIONS From Animal Feeding Operations
Current Knowledge, Future Needs
Ad Hoc Committee on Air Emissions from Animal Feeding Operations
Committee on Animal Nutrition
Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources
Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology
Division on Earth and Life Studies
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
Washington, D.C. www.nap.edu
Page ii Share Cite
500 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20001
NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
This study was supported by Contract No. 68-D-01-69 between the National Academy of Sciences and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Grant No. 59-0790-2-106 between the National Academy of Sciences and the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project.
International Standard Book Number: 0-309-08705-8
Library of Congress Control Number: 200310401
Additional copies of this report are available from the
National Academies Press,
500 Fifth Street, N.W., Lockbox 285, Washington, DC 20055; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313 (in the Washington metropolitan area); Internet, http://www.nap.edu
Copyright 2003 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America
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Advisers to the Nation on Science, Engineering, and Medicine
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Wm. A. Wulf is president of the National Academy of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsib-ility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts and Dr. Wm. A. Wulf are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council.
www.national-academies.org
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PERRY R. HAGENSTEIN (Chair),
Institute for Forest Analysis, Planning, and Policy, Wayland, Massachusetts
ROBERT G. FLOCCHINI (Vice Chair),
University of California, Davis, California
JOHN C. BAILAR III,
University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
CANDIS CLAIBORN,
Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
RUSSELL R. DICKERSON,
University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
JAMES N. GALLOWAY,
University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
MARGARET ROSSO GROSSMAN,
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
PRASAD KASIBHATLA,
Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
RICHARD A. KOHN,
MICHAEL P. LACY,
University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
CALVIN B. PARNELL, JR.,
Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
ROBBI H. PRITCHARD,
South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota
WAYNE P. ROBARGE,
North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
DANIEL A. WUBAH,
James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia
KELLY D. ZERING,
RUIHONG ZHANG,
MICHAEL OPPENHEIMER,
Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
JAMIE JONKER, Study Director
CHAD TOLMAN, Program Officer
TANJA PILZAK, Research Assistant
JOE ESPARZA, Project Assistant
STEPHANIE PADGHAM, Project Assistant
BRYAN SHIPLEY, Project Assistant
PETER RODGERS, Intern
FLORENCE POILLON, Contract Editor
Page vi Share Cite
GARY L. CROMWELL (Chair),
University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
C. ROSELINA ANGEL,
JESSE P. GOFF,
United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Ames, Iowa
RONALD W. HARDY,
University of Idaho, Hagerman, Idaho
KRISTEN A. JOHNSON,
BRIAN W. MCBRIDE,
University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
KEITH E. RINEHART,
Perdue Farms Incorporated, Salisbury, Maryland
L. LEE SOUTHERN,
Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
DONALD R. TOPLIFF,
West Texas A&M University, Canyon, Texas
JAMIE JONKER, Program Officer
Page vii Share Cite
HARLEY W. MOON (Chair),
Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
SANDRA BARTHOLMEY,
Quaker Oats Company, Barrington, Illinois
DEBORAH BLUM,
University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
ROBERT B. FRIDLEY,
BARBARA GLENN,
Federation of Animal Science Societies, Bethesda, Maryland
LINDA GOLODNER,
National Consumers League, Washington, D.C.
W.R. (REG) GOMES,
University of California, Oakland, California
PERRY R. HAGENSTEIN,
CALESTOUS JUMA,
Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
JANET C. KING,
WHITNEY MACMILLAN,
Cargill, Incorporated, Minneapolis, Minnesota
PAMELA A. MATSON,
Stanford University, Stanford, California
TERRY MEDLEY,
DuPont Biosolutions Enterprise, Wilmington, Delaware
ALICE PELL,
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
SHARRON S. QUISENBERRY,
Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
NANCY J. RACHMAN,
Novigen Sciences, Incorporated, Washington, D.C.
SONYA SALAMON,
University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
G. EDWARD SCHUH,
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
BRIAN STASKAWICZ,
University of California, Berkeley, California
JACK WARD THOMAS,
University of Montana, Missoula, Montana
JAMES TUMLINSON,
United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Gainesville, Florida
B.L. TURNER,
Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts
CHARLOTTE KIRK BAER, Director
STEPHANIE PADGHAM, Senior Project Assistant
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GORDON ORIANS (Chair),
University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
JOHN DOULL (Vice Chair),
University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri
DAVID ALLEN,
University of Texas, Austin, Texas
THOMAS BURKE,
Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
JUDITH C. CHOW,
Desert Research Institute, Reno, Nevada
CHRISTOPHER B. FIELD,
Carnegie Institute of Washington, Stanford, California
WILLIAM H. GLAZE,
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
SHERRI W. GOODMAN,
Center for Naval Analyses, Alexandria, Virginia
DANIEL S. GREENBAUM,
Health Effects Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
ROGENE HENDERSON,
Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
CAROL HENRY,
American Chemistry Council, Arlington, Virginia
ROBERT HUGGETT,
Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
BARRY L. JOHNSON,
Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
JAMES H. JOHNSON,
Howard University, Washington, D.C.
JAMES A. MACMAHON,
Utah State University, Logan, Utah
PATRICK V. O'BRIEN,
Chevron Research and Technology, Richmond, California
DOROTHY E. PATTON,
International Life Sciences Institute, Washington, D.C.
ANN POWERS,
Pace University School of Law, White Plains, New York
LOUISE M. RYAN,
Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
JONATHAN M. SAMET,
KIRK SMITH,
LISA SPEER,
Natural Resources Defense Council, New York, New York
G. DAVID TILMAN,
University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
CHRIS G. WHIPPLE,
Environ Incorporated, Emeryville, California
LAUREN A. ZEISE,
California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, California
JAMES J. REISA, Director
RAY WASSEL, Program Director
MIMI ANDERSON, Senior Project Assistant
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This report represents the integrated efforts of many individuals. The committee thanks all those who shared their insights and knowledge to bring the document to fruition. We also thank all those who provided information at our public meetings and who participated in our public sessions.
During the course of its deliberations, the committee sought assistance from several people who gave generously of their time to provide advice and information that were considered in its deliberations. Special thanks are due the following:
JOHN ALBERTSON, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
C. RICHARD AMERMAN, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland
BOB BOTTCHER (Deceased), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
GARTH BOYD, Murphy-Brown LLC, Warsaw, North Carolina
LEONARD BULL, Animal and Poultry Waste Center, Raleigh, North Carolina
TOM CHRISTENSEN, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland
JOHN D. CRENSHAW, Eastern Research Group, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
TONY DELANY, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado
RALPH ERNST, University of California, Davis, California
MICHAEL FITZGIBBON, California Environmental Protection Agency, Sacramento, California
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ERIC GONDER, Goldsboro Milling Company, Goldsboro, North Carolina
ALEX GUENTHER, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado
ELLEN HANKES, Environmental Management Solutions, LLC, Des Moines, Iowa
LOWRY HARPER, United States Department of Agriculture, Watkinsville, Georgia
BRUCE HARRIS, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
TOM HORST, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado
DONALD JOHNSON, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
RENEE JOHNSON, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
RAY KNIGHTON, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland
GARY MARGHEIM, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.
JOHN H. MARTIN, JR., Hall Associates, Dover, Delaware
F. ROBERT MCGREGOR, Water and Waste Engineering, Incorporated, Denver, Colorado
DEANNE MEYER, University of California, Davis, California
BOB MOSER, ConAgra Beef, Kersey, Colorado
DANIEL MURPHY, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado
BRENT NEWELL, California Rural Legal Assistance Foundation, Sacramento, California
ROY OOMMEN, Eastern Research Group, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
JOSEPH RUDEK, Environmental Defense, Raleigh, North Carolina
GARY SAUNDERS, North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Raleigh, North Carolina
SUSAN SCHIFFMAN, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
SALLY SHAVER, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
MARK SOBSEY, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
JOHN SWEETEN, Texas A&M University, Amarillo, Texas
DAVID TOWNSEND, Premium Standard Farms Research and Development, Kansas City, Missouri
RANDY WAITE, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
JOHN T. WALKER, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
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The committee is grateful to members of the National Research Council staff who worked diligently to maintain progress and quality in its work.
The report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the National Research Council's Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this report:
DAVID T. ALLEN, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas
WILLIAM BATTYE, EC/R Incorporated, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
VAN C. BOWERSOX, Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, Illinois
ELLIS B. COWLING, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
DANNY G. FOX, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
ROGENE HENDERSON, National Environmental Respiratory Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
KRISTEN A. JOHNSON, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
GEORGE MOUNT, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
ROGER A. PIELKE, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
WENDY J. POWERS, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
MARGOT RUDSTROM, University of Minnesota, Morris, Minnesota
Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the conclusions or recommendations, nor did they see the final draft of the report before its release. The review of this report was overseen by Bob Frosch, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Albert Heber, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana. Appointed by the National Research Council, they were responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this report was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this report rests entirely with the authoring committee and the institution.
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The increasing concentration of food production—meat, eggs, milk—from animals in very large feeding operations has focused public attention on associated environmental issues. These include the effects of air emissions, especially those that come from the large quantities of manure produced by the animals. While concern has mounted, research to provide the basic information needed for effective regulation and management of these emissions has languished.
This report, prepared by a committee appointed by the National Research Council, proposes two major ways to improve information and the nation's ability to deal with the effects of these emissions. One is to change the way in which the rates and fate of air emissions are estimated and tracked. The proposal would replace the current "emission factor" approach with a "process-based modeling" approach. This can, if pursued vigorously, enhance both regulation and management of air emissions in the next two to five years.
The other proposal is for a research program that views air emissions as one part of the overall system of producing food from animal feeding operations with the goal of eliminating the release of unwanted emissions into the environment. This "systems-based" proposal, if also pursued vigorously, would lead to fundamentally changed practices at animal feeding operations. The net result would be continued food production with greatly reduced adverse environmental effects.
The 16-person committee that produced this report and an earlier interim report worked hard and well. The time allowed for producing the two reports was short, but committee members found time in their schedules to address what each sees as an important issue that needs attention. The project staff at the Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources, Jamie Jonker, study director, and Tanja Pilzak, research assistant, and the Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicol-
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ogy, Chad Tolman, program officer, deserve special thanks for their long hours of very effective work. An informal editorial subcommittee that handled reviewer comments and provided enormous help throughout also deserves special thanks. The members were Chair Perry Hagenstein, Vice Chair Bob Flocchini, Jim Galloway, Rick Kohn, and, for the interim report, Wayne Robarge.
Perry Hagenstein, Chair
Robert Flocchini, Vice Chair
Committee on Air Emissions from Animal Feeding Operations
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Basis for this Report,
Concerns with Air Emissions,
The Interim Report,
Scale and Impact of Emissions from Animal Feeding Operations,
Policy Context,
Science Context,
Challenges,
Structure of the Final Report,
LIVESTOCK AGRICULTURE AND ANIMAL FEEDING OPERATIONS
Introduction,
Livestock Agriculture,
Economics of Livestock Agriculture,
Summary,
AIR EMISSIONS
Species of Interest,
Factors Affecting Air Emissions,
Dispersion of Air Emissions—Meteorological considerations,
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Potential Impacts,
MEASURING EMISSIONS
Calibration, Sampling, and Concentration Measurements,
Measuring Concentrations and Compositions,
Measuring Emissions,
Air Quality Monitoring,
APPROACHES FOR ESTIMATING EMISSIONS
Emission Factor Estimates,
Multiple Regression Approach to Develop Emission Factors,
Process-Based Modeling Approach,
GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS AND PROGRAMS
Clean Air Act,
CERCLA and EPCRA,
Clean Water Act,
Coastal Zone Management Act,
The Role of USDA,
IMPROVING KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICES
Short-Term Research,
Long-Term Research,
Setting Priorities,
Estimating Air Emissions,
Systems Approach,
Research Needs,
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A Statement of Task
B Acronyms and Glossary
C Bioaerosols
D Nitrogen and Sulfur Contents of Animal Products and Live Animals—Sample Excretion Predictions
E Animal Units
F Ammonia Emissions from Manure Storage
G Regulatory Action Levels by Selected Atmospheric Pollutant
H Regulatory Action Levels by Regulatory Requirement and Action Status
I Emission Factors for a Feed Mill or Grain Elevator
J Public Meeting Agendas
K Geographic Distribution of Livestock and Poultry Production in the United States for 1997
L Emission Factors in Published Literature
BOARD ON AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES PUBLICATIONS
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Tables, Figures, and Boxes
Committee's Scientific Evaluation of the Potential Importance of AFO Emissions at Different Spatial Scales,
Substances in AFO Emissions That the Committee Was Tasked to Address and Their Respective Classifications,
U.S. Per Capita Consumption of Meat, Dairy Products, and Eggs in 2001,
Leading Livestock Production States by Animal Sector,
Number of Animals per EPA Animal Unit,
Annual Anthropogenic Emissions of Constituents of Concern, 1990,
Measured Emission Fluxes of Ammonia from Primary Anaerobic Swine Lagoons as a Function of Measurement Method and Period,
Relationship of Management Practices on 4 percent Fat Corrected Milk and Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency,
Typical Lifetimes in the Planetary Boundary Layer for Pollutants Emitted from Animal Feeding Operations,
Short-Term Exposure to Ammonia,
Long-Term Exposure to Ammonia,
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Maximum Methane Production Potential of Animal Manure as Affected by Different Diets,
Overview of Federal Statutes and Their Provisions,
Typical Nitrogen and Sulfur Content of Animal Products,
Nitrogen and Sulfur Content of Animal Live Weight Gain,
Sample Excretion Predictions Directly from Different Types of Food Production Animals,
Odor Emission Rates from Animal Housing as Reported in the Literature,
Mass flows (teragrams of nitrogen per year) of new reactive nitrogen in U.S. agriculture in 1997,
Relative excretion rate of nitrogen versus day in the life cycle of a grow-finish hog at a commercial swine production facility in the southeastern United States,
Nitrogen cascade,
Ammonia concentrations (averaged over a 68-m path) measured near a dairy wastewater lagoon,
Schematic illustrating the essential elements associated with measurement of emissions from agricultural sources that can be characterized as low-level point sources such as cotton gins, feed mills, grain elevators, and oil mills,
Schematic illustrating the essential elements associated with measurement of emissions from agricultural sources that can be characterized as ground-level area sources such as dairies, cattle feed yards, field operation, and agricultural burning,
Schematic illustrating the essential element associated with regulation of emissions from agricultural sources that can be characterized as low-level point sources such as tunnel-ventilated AFOs,
Schematic illustrating the essential element associated with regulation of emissions from agricultural sources that can be characterized as low-level point sources such as naturally ventilated AFOs,
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A schematic representation of a process-based model of emissions from an animal production system,
Animal feeding operations system (animal plus associated cropland),
Change in body protein percentage as cattle mature,
Distribution of milk cows in 1997,
Distribution of cattle fattened on grain and concentrates and sold in 1997,
Distribution of hogs and pigs sold in 1997,
Distribution of broilers and other meat-type chickens sold in 1997,
Distribution of turkeys sold in 1997,
Distribution of layers and pullets, 13 weeks old and older in 1997,
Findings from the Interim Report,
Findings and Discussion from the Interim Report,
Poultry Production in the United States,
Sample Calculations of Whole-Farm Nitrogen Balance,
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Next: Executive Summary »
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Air Emissions from Animal Feeding Operations: Current Knowledge, Future Needs discusses the need for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to implement a new method for estimating the amount of ammonia, nitrous oxide, methane, and other pollutants emitted from livestock and poultry farms, and for determining how these emissions are dispersed in the atmosphere. The committee calls for the EPA and the U.S. Department of Agriculture to establish a joint council to coordinate and oversee short - and long-term research to estimate emissions from animal feeding operations accurately and to develop mitigation strategies. Their recommendation was for the joint council to focus its efforts first on those pollutants that pose the greatest risk to the environment and public health.
Front Matter i–xxii
Executive Summary 1–13
1. Introduction 14–25
2. Livestock Agriculture and Animal Feeding Operations 26–49
3. Air Emissions 50–73
4. Measuring Emissions 74–97
5. Approaches for Estimating Emissions 98–128
6. Government Regulations and Programs 129–151
7. Improving Knowledge and Practices 152–168
8. Conclusions 169–175
References 176–194
Appendix A: Statement of Task 195–197
Appendix B: Acronyms and Glossary 198–204
Appendix C: Bioaerosols 205–206
Appendix D: Nitrogen and Sulfur Contents of Animal Products and Live Animals -- Sample Excretion Predictions 207–213
Appendix E: Animal Units 214–216
Appendix F: Ammonia Emissions from Manure Storage 217–221
Appendix G: Regulatory Action Levels by Selected Atmospheric Pollutant 222–223
Appendix H: Regulatory Action Levels by Regulatory Requirement and Action Status 224–225
Appendix I: Emission Factors for a Feed Mill or Grain Elevator 226–227
Appendix J: Public Meeting Agendas 228–233
Appendix K: Geographic Distribution of Livestock and Poultry Production in the United States for 1997 234–240
Appendix L: Emisson Factors in Published Literature 241–254
About the Authors 255–260
Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources Publications 261–264
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