text:
Digital signal
31 Digital
? (film)
Television film
Celebration (1970s band)
A documentary film is a nonfictional motion picture intended to document some aspect of reality, primarily for the purposes of instruction or maintaining a historical record. Such films were originally shot on film stock—the only medium available—but now include video and digital productions that can be either direct-to-video, made into a TV show or released for screening in cinemas. "Documentary" has been described as a "filmmaking practice, a cinematic tradition, and mode of audience reception" that is continually evolving and is without clear boundaries.
Defining documentary
In popular myth, the word documentary was coined by Scottish documentarian John Grierson in his review of Robert Flaherty's film Moana (1926), published in the New York Sun on 8 February 1926, written by "The Moviegoer" (a pen name for Grierson).
Grierson's principles of documentary were that cinema's potential for observing life could be exploited in a new art form; that the "original" actor and "original" scene are better guides than their fiction counterparts to interpreting the modern world; and that materials "thus taken from the raw" can be more real than the acted article. In this regard, Grierson's definition of documentary as "creative treatment of actuality" has gained some acceptance, with this position at variance with Soviet film-maker Dziga Vertov's provocation to present "life as it is" (that is, life filmed surreptitiously) and "life caught unawares" (life provoked or surprised by the camera).
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia -	https://wn.com/Documentary_film
A digital signal is a signal that represents a sequence of discrete values. A logic signal is a digital signal with only two possible values, and describes an arbitrary bit stream. Other types of digital signals can represent three-valued logic or higher valued logics.
A digital signal is a physical quantity that is alternating between a discrete set of waveforms. Alternatively, a digital signal may be considered to be the sequence of codes represented by such a physical quantity. The physical quantity may be the alternating current or voltage of an electrical signal, the light intensity of an optical signal, the signal strength of a radio signal or acoustic signal, the magnetization of a magnetic storage media, et cetera. Digital signals are present in all digital electronics, notably computing equipment and data transmission.
With digital signals, system noise, provided it is not too great, will not change the quantification whereas with signals handled using analog processing, noise always degrades the operation to some degree.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia -	https://wn.com/Digital_signal
31 Digital is a community television station based in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. Its programming features five locally produced shows and shows produced by other community stations around the country. It is broadcast on UHF channel 31 at 548.224 MHz, from the ABQ-2 transmitter tower on Mount Coot-tha. 31 offers newcomers to the media field an opportunity to gain experience before entering commercial broadcasting. The station also carries a number of programs originally developed at other Channel 31 stations in other states. 31 also broadcasts classic films and television programs, and the best in community made programming and original productions.
After a long time of uncertainty, 31 went digital on 7 June 2010. With the discontinuation of analogue television services the station now broadcasts on 529.500 MHz.
Brisbane community television was formed by foundation members Wes Tatters, Ric Adams, Simon Bunker, Ben Morrisson and Cait Spreadborough. The station began broadcasting during a 2-week test transmission in 1992, during the opening of South Bank Parklands. During the broadcast week many different formats produced by the members went to air. Live footage from the opening of South Bank, member produced formats including a variety show On the Bed with Simon and Karen where guests were invite to come and sit on a bed in the studio in their pyjamas and be interviewed by the hosts.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia -	https://wn.com/31_Digital
? (also written Tanda Tanya, meaning Question Mark) is a 2011 Indonesian drama film directed by Hanung Bramantyo. It stars Revalina Sayuthi Temat, Reza Rahadian, Agus Kuncoro, Endhita, Rio Dewanto, and Hengky Sulaeman. The theme is Indonesia's religious pluralism, which often results in conflict between religious beliefs, represented in a plot that revolves around the interactions of three families, one Buddhist, one Muslim, and one Catholic. After undergoing numerous hardships and the deaths of several family members in religious violence, they are reconciled.
Based on Bramantyo's experiences as a mixed-race child, ? was meant to counter the portrayal of Islam as a "radical religion". Owing to the film's theme of religious pluralism and controversial subject matter, Bramantyo had difficulty finding backing. Eventually, Mahaka Pictures put forth Rp 5 billion to fund the production. Filming began on 5 January 2011 in Semarang.
Released on 7 April 2011, ? was a critical and commercial success: it received favourable reviews and was viewed by more than 550,000 people. Also screened internationally, it was nominated for nine Citra Awards at the 2011 Indonesian Film Festival, winning one. However, several Indonesian Muslim groups, including the Indonesian Ulema Council and Islamic Defenders Front, protested against the film because of its pluralist message.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia -	https://wn.com/__(film)
A television film (also known as a TV film; television movie; TV movie; telefilm; telemovie; made-for-television film; direct-to-TV film; movie of the week (MOTW or MOW); feature-length drama; single drama and original movie) is a feature-length motion picture that is produced for, and originally distributed by or to, a television network, in contrast to theatrical films, which are made explicitly for initial showing in movie theaters.
Though not exactly labelled as such, there were early precedents for "television movies", such as Talk Faster, Mister, which aired on WABD (now WNYW) in New York City on December 18, 1944, and was produced by RKO Pictures, or the 1957 The Pied Piper of Hamelin, based on the poem by Robert Browning, and starring Van Johnson, one of the first filmed "family musicals" made directly for television. That film was made in Technicolor, a first for television, which ordinarily used color processes originated by specific networks (most "family musicals" of the time, such as Peter Pan, were not filmed but broadcast live and preserved on kinescope, a recording of a television program made by filming the picture from a video monitor – and the only method of recording a television program until the invention of videotape).
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia -	https://wn.com/Television_film
The following is an overview of the events of 1894 in film, including a list of films released and notable births.
William Kennedy Dickson receives a patent for motion picture film.
Thomas Edison films his assistant, Fred Ott sneezing with the Kinetoscope at the "Black Maria."
April 14 - The first commercial presentation of the Kinetoscope took place in the Holland Brothers' Kinetoscope Parlor at 1155 Broadway, New York City.
June 6 - Charles Francis Jenkins projects a filmed motion picture before an audience in Richmond, Indiana. Earliest documented projection of a motion picture.
Thomas Edison experiments with synchronizing audio with film; the Kinetophone is invented which loosely synchronizes a Kinetoscope image with a cylinder phonograph.
Kinetoscope viewing parlors begin to open in major cities. Each parlor contains several machines.
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Celebration was a short lived 1970s American rock band, fronted by Beach Boys lead singer Mike Love as well as members of the band King Harvest.
During the late 1970s, Beach Boys frontman Mike Love began to work on outside projects. His first major work was with a new band, Celebration. The band featured members of the short lived band King Harvest as well as future and current Beach Boys live backing members. The band's first project was a soundtrack for the film Almost Summer, which featured the lead single of the same name written by Love and his Beach Boys band mates Al Jardine and Brian Wilson. The song reached No. 28 on the Billboard Top 40 in 1978. The band followed up the album with two more albums, one of original material and another of disco numbers. Despite several live appearances and some success, the band disbanded in 1979; however some members of the group continued to perform with Mike Love in the Beach Boys backing band.
Almost Summer album:
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Ms. Hernandez has an extensive background in both retail and wholesale businesses. She has worked for and advised numerous corporations, including several fortune 500 companies.
She became a principal in 2000, and is a major factor in our ability to integrate business development and branding into a full service "one stop" shop that can incorporate business and branding strategies into our governmental affairs, local option and campaign management / consulting components.
Ms. Hernandez has over 25 years of experience in the real estate and retail sectors and was instrumental in developing the retail relationships that allowed Hard Count to become the premier local option consultant in the country.
She has developed and managed numerous initiatives from local option to veterans affairs issues.


Synopsis : Perfect health and physical or mental ability also does not mean that a person is automatically happy.
The ability to put aside what may at times seem to be chaos in life related to issues associated with the experience of disability and find happiness may seem to be unattainable; it is not. Despite the issues that you may face in relation to the particular form of disability you have, happiness in life is something that is a very real possibility. Perfect health and physical or mental ability also does not mean that a person is automatically happy.
For that matter, people with disabilities are incredibly varied in their abilities, and non-disabled persons are also just as limited and skilled in their own ways. Finding your own happiness as a person who experiences a disability means understanding that people are people; disabilities or not. I have epilepsy and osteoarthritis for example, the fact that I cannot play All-Star Basketball doesn't concern me in the slightest.
Ask yourself what it is that you do best and then smile. Why? Because you are good at it. No matter what it is you are good at doing it is a skill you have! People with disabilities are contributing members to society like everyone else, our skills and abilities are just as valuable as the skills and abilities anyone else have.
The fact that you might use adaptive equipment or require accommodations shouldn't bother you in the slightest - half the world and more goes through their day with things like smart phones, tablet computers, voice command gadgets in their vehicles and far more. I would call those items, 'adaptive equipment for non-disabled persons and everyone else.' These items may also be viewed as accommodations and a great many people, both with and without disabilities, use these items on a regular basis.
What is the real difference between using a power wheelchair and driving around in a car that is bluetooth enabled, has a USB port, and On-Star? Some people who use power wheelchairs have the same kinds of electronics attached to their wheelchairs! Some non-disabled persons get into their version of a power wheelchair and drive it down the block too. Are they really that different? I don't think so. It is how the members of each of these groups perceive their lives that will decide whether or not they are happy.
In other words, choosing your perspectives and frame of reference in relation to life and others can greatly change your view of life as a person with disabilities. Understanding that how you perceive your levels of independence, control, and choice in life are directly related to your level of happiness is very important. The person in society I feel worst for is the person who holds down three jobs and still finds themselves unable to pay all of their bills. Such a person may very well be perfectly healthy - yet they have little independence, control over their life, or choice in life.
Disabilities come in many forms, some of them are visible while others are not. A vast number of medical issues may lead to limitations that find a person experiencing a form of disability. Despite the level of limitations you may experience there is certainly hope in each day. The key to happiness is choosing to maintain a positive outlook on life itself.
Sometimes it becomes necessary to reclaim your own sense of peace. Ditch the chaos; pursue your own happiness. Your own sense of happiness begins with you - take the time to examine any positive things in your own life and build on them. Share the good things in your life with others and enjoy the good things in life they share with you. Get involved in the activities you enjoy, relish the level of independence you do have, make the choices you can. Choose to pursue your own happiness.
"The numbers show that couples seem to come together when one of them experiences physical limitations," Yorgason said. "This suggests disability is a two-way street, with some surprising pluses in addition to the minuses people ordinarily expect."
The results of this study suggest that people who do well in the wake of disability are the same people who were doing well before.
There are so MANY healthy people out there. Some of the saddest people I know. Now, I do NOT believe "when you have your health you have everything," biggest lie on the planet, but it certainly can make a quest for happiness easier.


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Women in leadership: Achieving an equal future in a COVID-19 world
Fixed-Term Contracts – Reasonable Expectation of Renewal, or not!
Dishonesty or Just a Little White Lie?
The COVID-19 crisis has demonstrated, once again, the critical role of women in society. Apart from women making up the greater percentage of frontline workers worldwide, women researchers have led many crucial breakthroughs in the fight against the pandemic – from understanding the virus and controlling its spread, to developing diagnostic tests and vaccines.
Despite all of this, women continue to face so many barriers, challenges, and stereotypes at home, work, and the public life. Women and girls are expected to behave, look, and express themselves in a certain way as dictated by various societies. In some cultures, and societies, girls are not encouraged to study at all, in others they are frowned upon when they enroll for certain educational fields of study which are considered 'as unsuitable professions for women'. Many families, especially in less established communities, are still reluctant to invest in girls' education as they believe they will not get a "return on their investment". This is despite the great strides and waves that women continue to make globally.
These gender stereotypes and gender-based inequalities continue to prevent many girls and women from taking up and remaining in certain careers and leadership roles across the world. Globally, women are facing increased domestic violence, unpaid care duties, unemployment and poverty.
Although women make up the majority of front-line workers, there is still disproportionate and inadequate representation of women in national and global COVID-19 policy spaces. As if that is not enough, there is growing evidence that the pandemic has hit women harder than men, for example as a result of the unbalanced distribution of unpaid care and domestic tasks. All too often, women take charge of home schooling, elderly care, and other work created by stay-at-home orders, at the expense of their own employment and/or advancement.
It is in light of this that the 2021 theme for International Women's Day celebrations is "Women in leadership: Achieving an equal future in a COVID-19 world."
Women leaders and women's organizations have more than ever before demonstrated their skills, knowledge and networks to effectively lead in COVID-19 response and recovery efforts. Today there is more acceptance than ever before that women bring different experiences, perspectives and skills to the table, and make irreplaceable contributions to decisions, policies and laws that work better for all.
Research indicates that the majority of the countries that have been more successful in stemming the tide of the COVID-19 pandemic and responding to its health and broader socio-economic impacts, are headed by women.
It is without a doubt that, upholding women's rights and fully leveraging the potential of women's leadership in pandemic preparedness and response, the perspectives of women and girls, in all of their diversity, need to be integrated in the formulation and implementation of policies and programmes in all spheres and at all stages of pandemic response and recovery.
In order to advance women leadership and more importantly equality, there is a need to step up efforts to close the prevailing gender gaps in leadership and to address the norms and stereotypes that create and preserve expectations of limited career paths for women and girls.
This is by no means 'a one sided effort' required from women or women's organisations. The role of male allies is very important and cannot be ignored in this process. It is without a doubt that in most societies and especially in patriarchal societies, men are very influential with their economic, political, and social power and resources. Without the support of men, the achievement of success in gender equality will continue, albeit in a slow progression. Without the support of men, women will achieve success to a certain degree, but the progress will be slow and littered with unnecessary barriers, however with the support of men an equal progressive generation can be achieved much faster.
To be truly transformative, gender equality policies and programmes need to eliminate gender stereotypes through education, change social norms, promote positive role models of women and build awareness at the highest levels of decision-making. We need to ensure that women and girls are not barred from participating in any field of study, but are empowered to lead and innovate, and that they are supported by workplace policies and organizational cultures that ensure their safety, consider their needs as parents, and incentivize them to advance and thrive in these careers.
All of us have a role to play in this important campaign. It starts with the following important actions that we all can take, namely:
Educate about gender equality;
Encourage women and girls to pursue their desires and dreams regardless of gender norms;
Share in the care work;
Support and celebrate women and their achievements.
Subsequently, every year on the 8th March, women's achievements are celebrated globally. International Women's day is a day to spread awareness, among the people, regarding women's rights and gender equality. This day celebrates the social, economic, cultural and political achievements of women. It is also a day that is used to highlight the prevailing inequalities, prejudices and barriers faced by women to this day, with a view to eliminating these. Despite the trials faced by women and the room for improvement in relation to women's rights, this day is intended to encourage the women out there that no hurdles can stop them from accomplishing their dreams.
Join us as we continue to stand together, support, encourage and celebrate women of all ages. Let us all advance women in leadership and work towards the achievement of an equal and progressive future for all, more especially within the retail motor industry.
Keep a look out for exciting activities which will be rolled out by MISA in the transformation of our industry.
The article contains information from unwomen.org

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The first FIFA 19 MOTM (Man of the Match) players released by EA Sports for FIFA Ultimate Team! Which best Man of the Match of FUT 19 with orange cards you have got for your club? 85 Promes, 92 Sergio Ramos... FIFA 19 MOTM orange cards are awarded for standout performances in cup competitions. FUT Man of the Match cards are tradeable and released in packs for a limited time, at certain points throughout the year. Fast to check out the list of FIFA 19 MOTM cards in FIFA 19 Ultimate Team.
These MOTM players will not be released as SBC (Squad Building Challenge) items. You can get MOTM players from FUT Packs with FIFA points and FIFA 19 Coins for a limited time, of course, you also buy them through FUT 19 Transfer Market.
What your favourite FIFA 19 MOTM card in the FIFA Ultimate Team? Want to get the orange FUT MOTM cards with cheap FIFA 19 UT Coins for your club? Upfifacoins.com is your best FIFA Coins store for PS4, XBOX ONE, PC and Switch online! Do not forget to use our dicount coupon "F19" -5% OFF in our store!


Prime Minister David Cameron will delay acting on a controversial pledge to scrap the Human Rights Act in a bid to avoid confrontation with his own MPs and shore up support for an EU referendum.
Cameron is to stall the introduction of a British Bill of Rights as he faces opposition from some of his backbenchers, outspoken members of the judiciary, Labour, the Scottish National Party (SNP), and the Liberal Democrats.
Although the Tories pledged to scrap the Human Rights Act in their election manifesto, the promise was not mentioned in any detail in the Queen's Speech, the PM's first address to the new Parliament, on Wednesday.
Senior government figures have said Cameron is still committed to the plan, but that it would go through a thorough consultation process and may not be introduced for a year or more.
The PM was facing resistance within his party from several prominent MPs if he decided to pursue the bill in this session of Parliament.
Cameron holds a majority of just 12 MPs, meaning a rebellion within his party could derail plans to introduce a British Bill of Rights.
We've already got a "British Bill of Rights" – it's called our Human Rights Act. Help us #SaveOurHRA.
In what some see as a tactical retreat, the PM has opted to introduce the British Bill of Rights as a consultation rather than draft legislation so that he can focus on pushing through a bill for an EU referendum.
Critics of the current Act say it has been abused by illegal immigrants to let them remain in the UK, as they can appeal to a higher court in Strasbourg to overrule British rulings.
Those who support keeping the Human Rights Act say it protects the most vulnerable in society, such as women suffering domestic violence, making it safer to be openly gay and helping citizens to challenge injustices in British courts.
Outside of Parliament, public opposition to scrapping the Human Rights Act has also been growing.
Film star Benedict Cumberbatch has appeared in a campaign video for human rights group Liberty, where he tells the story of a woman named Janet whose brother was denied his most basic rights.
Amnesty International has also condemned the Tory proposals, launching a Save the Human Rights Act campaign.
The charity has purchased double-page adverts in the British press, featuring the signatures of more than 1,000 people.
Environment Secretary Liz Truss told BBC 4's Today program the government would still go ahead with the plan, even if it wasn't in this Queen's Speech.
"It's a clear manifesto commitment from the Conservative Party. We were very clear that we would replace the Human Rights Act, which isn't working for British people, with a British Bill of Rights," Truss said.
She also insisted the new legislation would apply to the whole United Kingdom, including Scotland and Northern Ireland.
A government official told the Financial Times the Ministry of Justice would not be "wedded to any timetable," suggesting it may not be introduced until the second session of Parliament.
"We will need to consult thoroughly on the proposals," the official added, acknowledging the legal complexities of such a significant constitutional issue.
"We are a United Kingdom … We do need to make sure we do this on a UK-wide basis, it's important," Truss said.
Cameron will seek to gain support from the Council of Europe – the umbrella organization that the European Court of Human Rights sits within – for his proposed changes in the British Bill of Rights.
Senior Tories have warned Cameron to withdraw the "deeply offensive" threat to withdraw from the European Convention on Human Rights in the event the Council does not approve of the changes made in the new bill.
During Parliament's first session on Wednesday, Labour MP Kevin Brennan asked the Prime Minister how many Tory MPs have told him they would refuse to back the repeal of the Human Rights Act.
Cameron brushed off the question in the Commons, insisting the government will not drop its plans.
Tory MP David Davis criticized the proposal to abandon the Human Rights Act shortly after the election.
The former minister of state for Europe told his local newspaper, the Hull Daily Mail, "I'm afraid we will come into conflict with the European court and I don't want us to leave it.
Former Justice Minister Ken Clarke and former Attorney General Dominic Grieve QC – both of whom sit as MPs in the Commons – have also opposed scrapping the Human Rights Act on the grounds it would undermine respect for the rule of law across Europe.
Resistance is equally strong on the opposite side of the Commons. Outgoing Liberal Democrat leader Nick Clegg has slammed the Conservatives for their proposals.
"The human rights we hold dear, our right to privacy in an online age, our future as an open-minded, outward-looking country, are all hanging in the balance again because of the measures being announced by the Conservative government," Clegg said.
Shadow Health Secretary and contender for the Labour Party leadership Andy Burnham also signaled his opposition to scrapping the Human Rights Act.
He said he hoped Labour "throws the kitchen sink" at opposing the measures.


text:
Q: prevent synchronously loading of a store I use Ext 4.1.1
I keep getting:

[Ext.Loader] Synchronously loading 'Eml.store.eml.EventSummary'; consider adding Ext.require('Eml.store.eml.EventSummary') above Ext.onReady

I added the store reference to my controller first, but the controller isn't loaded till later.. so I added it as 'requires' but no cigar.. Anyone got a clue what I'm doing wrong?

A: Because it doesn't get evaluated during creation, it creates the store before it ever passes the object literal to the define().
Instead, specify the store in initComponent.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Objectives An increasing number of patients with motor neuron disease (MND) in the UK and Ireland use assisted ventilation, and a small proportion of these use long-term tracheostomy ventilation (TV).1 2 NICE guidelines recommend that patients with MND should routinely receive specialist palliative care input.3 The aim was to establish the extent to which hospices and specialist palliative care units (SPCUs) in the UK and Ireland currently manage patients with MND using assisted ventilation especially TV and to identify any associated barriers.
Methods A 25-item questionnaire was developed in Survey Monkey. A link to the questionnaire was emailed to every medical director (n=185) of inpatient hospices/SPCUs in the UK and Ireland.
Results The response rate was 42.4% (n=78). 97.4% of units admit patients with MND on non-invasive ventilation (NIV), but only 28.2% admit those using TV. 80.8% of units have adequate expertise in the management of NIV, compared with 7.7% for managing TV. 35.9% and 2.6% of units have a policy for managing patients using NIV and TV, respectively. 14.1% respondents had been involved in the care of patients with MND using TV, in the specialist palliative care setting in the last 5 years.
Conclusions A minority of UK and Irish hospices/SPUs provide support to TV MND patients and few units currently have management or admission policies for this cohort of patients. Respondents indicated a lack of appropriate expertise and experience. Further exploration of these barriers is required to establish how to optimise care for TV MND patients in this setting.
Contributors Both authors were involved in all stages of the research and preparation of the manuscript for submission for consideration for publication by BMJSPC.
Ethics approval This study was approved by the Research and Development department in Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, Wales.


text:
SWIFT welcomes announcement by European Commission Vice-President Frattini to open talks with US Government
Recent developments conclude 2006 on optimistic note
At an extraordinary Board meeting via teleconference held on December 21, 2006, the SWIFT Board of Directors was briefed on recent developments on the subject of SWIFT's compliance with compulsory subpoenas for terrorism investigations by the United States Treasury Department.
The Board welcomes the announcement made earlier this week by European Commission Vice President for Justice, Freedom and Security, Franco Frattini, that he plans to initiate discussions in early January, 2007, with the US Government to address matters surrounding the SWIFT case.
The Board was also briefed on recent meetings between SWIFT and data privacy officials from Belgium and the Article 29 Working Party. SWIFT will be working with its member banks on improving information and transparency and other matters of concern to European data privacy officials.
The Board was also briefed on the decision by the Belgian Federal Prosecutor that he has not pursued legal matters any further. SWIFT has always maintained it did its utmost to protect its members' data and to comply with applicable laws in all its jurisdictions.
SWIFT is pleased that 2006 is ending on these positive notes and wishes all its members around the world a safe and sound holiday season and new year.
Previous statements and stories on compliance
29 Nov 2006: US bi-partisan panel "impressed" by SWIFT's controls to protect civil liberties
23 Nov 2006: SWIFT strongly objects to advisory opinion from WP 29
16 Nov 2006: SWIFT supports calls for debate to move beyond data privacy to security and public safety
24 Oct 2006: New York Times public editor reverses himself on 23 June article
8 Oct 2006: Commentary: SWIFT defends compliance at EU Parliament hearing
4 Oct 2006: EU Parliament hearing: SWIFT statement and press release on compliance
28 Sep 2006: SWIFT supports calls for EU-US talks on security and data privacy
25 Aug 2006: Update and Q&A to SWIFT's 23 June 2006 statement on compliance: Compliance with subpoenas is legal, limited, targeted, protected, audited and overseen
23 Jun 2006: SWIFT statement on compliance policy: Following recent press coverage, Chairman, Deputy Chairman and CEO provide statement to SWIFT community


text:
Q: Sandisk Ultra 3.0 128GB USB can't be detected on my Mac or Windows 10 after removing it I bought a Sandisk Ultra 3.0 128GB USB for my Mac, a few years ago, so I could move files to windows if I wanted. All was well and working fine until I accidentally unplugged the USB from my Mac while transferring a file to it. Now my Mac is no longer able to detect the USB, and my Windows 10 desktop can see it but can no longer read it. It shows up but is is showing that it has 0 gigs
Here are some facts:
•   The USB doesn't show up on Mac in system information, disk utility, recovery mode, or when I put in the command I found to show the active drives in Terminal... It seems to have become completely invisible. (I've made sure that Finder isn't hiding it)
•   On my Mac I've tried restarting / shutting off the machine, as well as resetting the VRAM and the SMC.
•   My Mac can still detect other USB storage devices when I plug those in.
It's a MacBook Pro (Retina, 15-inch, Early 2015) running OS X Yosemite.
Any tech genius out there with a solution or some sort of idea / suggestion?
Any idea would be appreciated. It seems the USB is no longer working, I just have no idea how to get the two machines to detect it so I can repair it or so I can get the files off it.


LANCASTER COUNTY — West Hempfield Township has selected Lisa Layden as its new police chief, Township officials announced Thursday.
Layden will replace retiring Chief Mark Pugliese, who served on the township's police force for thirty-five years, the last 17 as chief.
Layden is currently a Detective-Sergeant with the Southwestern Regional Police Department in York County, where she has served since 1996. She previously held the ranks of Patrol Officer and Patrol Sergeant. Layden is the lead investigator for major crimes, department supervisor for criminal investigation and crime prevention, primary Internal Affairs investigator, and training officer for patrol and supervisors.
Layden is certified as an Expert Witness for investigation of Child Abuse and Application of Pennsylvania Child Protective Services Law in Federal Court. She was named Officer of the Year in 2002, 2012, and 2017 and received and Academic Achievement Award in 2007 and 2010, among numerous other commendations.
Layden is a 1995 graduate of the Harrisburg Area Community College Police Academy, a 2007 graduate of York College of Pennsylvania with a Bachelor of Behavioral Science in Criminal Justice, a 2019 graduate of Pennsylvania State University with a Master of Public Administration, and a current student at Indiana University of Pennsylvania, where she is completing her Doctor of Philosophy, Sociology in Administration and Leadership Studies.
She currently resides in York County, with her husband Dale. They have three grown sons Dan, Tod, and Andy. She enjoys making mosaic art pieces and wildlife pen and inks. Layden is a runner, participates in 5K's, and is training to run in future marathons.
Layden will be publicly appointed as Chief by the West Hempfield Township Board of Supervisors at their April 2, Board of Supervisors meeting, and will start work shortly thereafter.


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Jenny Zander uses the body as a canvas and lets her work breathe
Zander highlights the beauty of human connection and the environment through body painting and photos.
Courtesy of Jenny Zander.
by Ksenia Gorinshteyn
Jenny Zander is not a painter in the same way that most painters would describe themselves. She's a body artist and photographer, or simply put, "I paint people and I document it."
In one of her photos, a person stands in the woods with bright blue paint that reaches their chest. The paint circles around their neck, eyes and arms. The model's fingers look as though they've been dipped in red.
"I don't want to engulf a person in paint, I want to accent their body," Zander said. "I want the work of art to be my brush strokes and their skin, their body in the environment that holds all these elements in relationship with one another."
Zander began body painting in high school. Her dad is an artist and Zander draws most of her inspiration from him.
"He has a style called allowing the painting to breathe," Zander said. "In that way, you're allowing natural colors to be your air or whatever it is."
Allowing the painting to breathe means letting the color of the paper, or in Zander's case, the body, come through in places where it's needed. This creates a "breathing" effect that makes the piece of art appear more relaxed and natural.
To mix the paint, Zander uses different colored mineral powders to keep the paint glossy and malleable so it moves with the model's body. She meets with each of her models to discuss how much skin they're comfortable with showing, where they want to shoot the photos and any other preferences they have.
Zander uses bright, synthetic colors that aren't often seen in nature. She's been honing this skill since her first piece in high school.
"Over the past especially [her work] has just become way more fluid and consistent, which she's been working extremely hard on," said Elena Bagne, an artist and Zander's childhood friend.
Each of Zander's works are centered on creative resistance for social change. One project serves as a reminder of the murdered and missing indigenous women and how that violence follows generations. "In honor of all our lost sisters," Zander wrote in her portfolio.
"I love art that makes you uncomfortable, but I also like art that pulls you in. That's what I want to do with my work," Zander said. "I often center my work around women because there's a strong connection between the violence inflicted on those who identify as female, and the violence inflicted on the planet."
The bodies and stories represented in Zander's art lend themselves to a broader narrative about intimacy and trust, too.
"She has honored herself as an artist," said Gayatri Narayanan, Zander's friend and a plant and microbial biology major at the University of Minnesota. "I don't think she has changed her core just to make a statement. Her work is not this thing that she, as a white artist, is trying to do outside of herself. It's very much including her, and I think that's very beautiful."
Zander hopes to make her art more intergenerational and representative of other people and body types in her future work. For now, she'll continue to emphasize the beauty of bodies and their intricate relationship to the natural world.
"Some of these bodies aren't always seen as beautiful," Zander said. "But that's all part of loving your environment and loving your landscape. You can't love what's around you unless you first start with yourself, and that idea will radiate."


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bobby1413
Hob Nob Addict
Re: Season 2018/2019
by bobby1413 » 22 Jul 2018 12:25
If we win the majority of our games I think we'll finish near the top. However, if we lose most then we'll be lower down I think
windermereROYAL
by windermereROYAL » 22 Jul 2018 12:55
Snowflake Royal I see no reason to assume we'll be worse.
Good god if we are it`s going to be a long agonising 9 months. personally I agree we can`t be that bad again.
Snowflake Royal
by Snowflake Royal » 22 Jul 2018 13:00
Oh, I'm sure we can, I just don't see why you'd actually expect us to be.
I also don't understand why someone would still be following the club if they're such a miserablist. Life's short and shit, why make it worse by wallowing in a hobby you haven't enjoyed for years.
Where did I say I expected us to be? learn to read before going off on one you cabbage.
Where did I say that was aimed at you, I did start the point with "someone". Dont be so hypersensitive you turnip, it was a continuation of the point I was making in the post you quoted.
by TheSpread » 23 Jul 2018 08:34
Some people like to moan and whinge about football. They're get their daily frustrations out on it. If people pay their money and go it's up to them if they want to miserable or joyous. It's called freedom of choice.
Old Man Andrews
Location: The South of England
by Old Man Andrews » 23 Jul 2018 08:37
bobby1413 If we win the majority of our games I think we'll finish near the top. However, if we lose most then we'll be lower down I think
Really think football will end up being the winner this season. If we put the ball in the goal we score. Simple as that.
by Elm Park Kid » 23 Jul 2018 10:27
I honestly believe that we should just try to score more goals then we concede. I've been emailing the club for years with that suggestion but no one seems to listen . . . . .
Elm Park Kid I honestly believe that we should just try to score more goals then we concede. I've been emailing the club for years with that suggestion but no one seems to listen . . . . .
I've said that too, that each time we surge forward we should be aiming for the goal. I even told Jaap once but I don't think he understood as he just shook his head and walked off
CountryRoyal
by CountryRoyal » 23 Jul 2018 10:51
Call me a bit of a non conformist but the whole notion of trying to score a goal is a bit unoriginal and dated. I was quite happy last season when we decided to abandon that tactic.
Keeps it fresh and exciting.
Location: Simpleton
by Hound » 23 Jul 2018 10:52
yep, fresh and exciting is a great way to describe last season certainly. Couldn't have worded it any better
No goals is better than bad goals.
Once you go back you never attack.
must admit, despite being quite optimistic for the season, starting to get a bit concerned about the lack of striker coming in. Thought something would be tied up by now, but seems quite quiet on that front. Don't really want a last minute panic signing coming in, like the abysmal Martin last season
Hound must admit, despite being quite optimistic for the season, starting to get a bit concerned about the lack of striker coming in. Thought something would be tied up by now, but seems quite quiet on that front. Don't really want a last minute panic signing coming in, like the abysmal Martin last season
Yes we should be looking for a striker that got 28 goals last season.
But all seriousness I believe PC is looking to use Meite up top. we do need another striker in, but if we don`t it`s not the end of the world, there are goals in this squad, we just need to create more than we did last year. Kane would have struggled in that team.
Agree it wouldn't be the end of the world if we go into the season with Meite, McNulty and Bod (and presumably Smith would stay), but its massively inexperienced at that level.
I am way more concerned about our attacking midfield to be honest. I really wanted us to get someone in who would push Kelly and Swift hard. Mason Mount on loan would have been perfect for us imo. Kelly and Swift go into the season knowing there is no real pressure on their places, its going to lead to complacency and them sauntering around the pitch like they did last season.
Clement is an option, and has impressed in pre-season. Edwards is still knocking about as well, and would hopefully be better if he was properly played as an attacking CM. Apparently Aluko can play there. And if you play Bacuna/Rinomhota alongside Meyler, then they are competing with each other
Hound Clement is an option, and has impressed in pre-season. Edwards is still knocking about as well. Apparently Aluko can play there. And if you play Bacuna/Rinomhota alongside Meyler, then they are competing with each other
Do you want to give me an aneurysm?
yeah not ideal I know. But I think he would suit the system PC is putting together far more than Stam's tippy tappy stuff. Would still rather get rid


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← Backlots is 5!
Patty Duke (Anna Pearce): 1946-2016 →
Backlots at the TCM Classic Film Festival 2016
Earlier this week, I received confirmation that Backlots will once again be covering the TCM Classic Film Festival in late April. This will be my 4th year at the festival, and I couldn't be happier and more honored to be taking part in this special event.
The TCM Classic Film Festival is now in its 7th year, and has grown to become perhaps the biggest film festival in the world that focuses solely on classics. Classic film fans the world over flock to Hollywood during the week of the festival (generally in mid- to late April), to see their favorite films on the big screen, preview state-of-the-art restorations, and attend discussions and interviews with leading figures of the film world.
Sophia Loren at the 2015 TCM Classic Film Festival, interviewed by her son, Edoardo Ponti.
Holders of the highest pass level are given the red carpet treatment, quite literally, as they walk the red carpet alongside the stars, filmmakers, and other Hollywood celebrities into the highly coveted opening night movie. In previous years, the opening night movie has been a Technicolor musical, usually celebrating a significant anniversary in the festival year, shown with members of the cast in attendance. This year marks the 60th anniversary of the release of The King and I, a movie that fits all the criteria for TCM's opening night traditions, and early talk among film fans online was that this would likely open the festival, possibly with Rita Moreno in attendance.
However, TCM issued a surprise announcement a few weeks ago, shaking up our expectations for the opening night movie, and announced that All the President's Men (1976) would open the festival. This being an election year, it is a meaningful choice and we now have new criteria by which to predict future opening night movies.
As for The King and I, that movie will be shown during the festival proper, along with such draws as The Song of Bernadette (1943), A Tree Grows in Brooklyn (1945), Charlie Chaplin's The Kid (1921) and a special presentation of the silent masterpiece The Passion of Joan of Arc (1928), among many others.
One of the highlights of the TCM Festival for fans is the appearances made by classic Hollywood legends. Every year, a major classic film star makes an appearance and has an interview, often with Robert Osborne. Last year, the guest was Sophia Loren, and this year the festival continues with the Italian theme with the appearance of Gina Lollobrigida, who will present two of her films, her Golden Globe-nominated Buona Sera, Mrs. Campbell (1968) and Trapeze (1956).
Another event that draws a crowd is the yearly footprint ceremony at Grauman's Chinese Theatre (now officially TCL Chinese Theatre–but always Grauman's to classic film fans). In 2016, the honors will go to Francis Ford Coppola, who will place his hand and footprints in the famed forecourt of Grauman's Chinese Theatre in front of a mass of fans and press. This is often the highlight of the festival, and festivalgoers often start lining up early in the morning just to secure a spot.
It promises to be a fun year. If you would like to attend the festival, there are still limited passes available. Go to http://www.tcm.com/festival and I hope to see you there!
This entry was posted in Lara Gabrielle Fowler and tagged all the presidents men, classic film, Silent Film, tcm classic film festival, the king and i. Bookmark the permalink.
One response to "Backlots at the TCM Classic Film Festival 2016"
Marty $ Joy | March 26, 2016 at 6:19 pm |
Have a blast.


For all the things you say to yourself, others tell you, all the stress you go through, responsibilities and duties you address to,in your daily life, here is the mental detox tip.
We certainly can not control the external factors, like people, incidents but we need to work on our internal being continuously to be in harmony with our physical and mental state.
Try it out and I am sure you feel lighter 🙂 Shall we do it together? A little bit of moping and swabbing each and every corner of our mind.


This huge exhibition is an awesome and terrifying compilation of photographs of the sites of conflict, and the remnants of wars and conflicts of all kinds – local, civil, short, long, global, technological, industrial and hand-to-hand. Taken from the mid 19th century to the present, the images – hundreds, perhaps even well over a thousand – are oblique and often incomprehensible or unidentifiable without the expansive wall captions. This is a show requiring us to read as well as look.
There are a few iconic photographs that most of us will have seen: blown up to an enormous size is Don McCullin's portrait of a traumatised American soldier, Shell-Shocked US Marine, Vietnam, Hué, 1968 (main picture), taken just a few minutes after combat. His face is filthy, his hands are filthy; the effect is of a human zombie, and it is terrifying.
Further on, there are the iconic photographs taken seven months after the saturation bombing of Dresden, by the German photographer Richard Peter, published in East Germany as a book, Dresden: A Camera Accuses, in 1949. Undoubtedly these sequences have strikingly influenced the history of the destruction of Dresden (in the horrible hierarchy of the ghastliness of war, Hamburg for example suffered even more destruction and loss of life). Sentimental perhaps but achingly memorable is Peter's image of a spared stone angel, on the roof of Dresden city hall, presiding over a panorama of a ruined city, rubble as far as the eye could see, punctuated by sharp verticals of windowless walls surrounding flattened emptiness of the buildings that once were.
But we begin with extraordinary beauty. Toshio Fukada's magnificent diptych of billowing clouds – and then we see that these, in black and white, memorialise that unbelievable sight of the mushroom clouds of the atomic bomb over Hiroshima, less than 20 minutes after the initial explosion (pictured right).
Innovations in terms of its organisation make the anthology a genuine game-changer. Photography may be a frozen moment (even though early photography needed long exposure times) but here distance in time is evoked as an organising principle. We start with The Moment and end many galleries later with 100 Years, indicating the distance between the taking of the photograph and the significance of the physical scene in terms of its history. The fact that this is an art exhibition raises the usual rather uncomfortable questions about the beauty of horror: of course the National Gallery, for instance, boasts endless scenes of people being tortured on their way to deification, but we know these are imaginary scenes, and anyway usually cannot even remember the story. But these photographs are real, even though Tate has rather cleverly not shown carnage.
The nearest we get to bodies are the skeletons revealed in a mass grave of executed Republicans during the Spanish Civil War, Patio civil, cementero San Rafael, Malaga, photographed by Luc Delahaye in 2009, 70 years after the event. And there is Steel Helmet with Skull Bone Fused by Atomic Bomb, Nagasaki, photographed in 1963 by Shomei Tomatsu (pictured below). But you need the label to understand what you are looking at. And it is unclear where Tomatsu found this object, although the ruins he photographed are an indictment of the decades that have elapsed since that cataclysmic event, with nothing like as much recovery as might have been expected. Needless to say, photographs of the Vietnamese victims of Agent Orange would tell us much the same story if they were on view.
The Tate obviously and consciously makes no attempt to present an inclusive history of the sites and sights of conflicts and their legacies. The lack of comprehensiveness – and how could it be internationally comprehensive? - is curiously stimulating, making us remember all we can of other wars and revolutions which are not on view, and to appreciate even more the complexities and tragedies of those that are.
Furthermore, the variety of scale, colour, and sheer range of material, from books to blown-up photography, means that the exhibition constantly teases the eye, and avoids the deadening repetition that often bedevils the showing of photography in art galleries. Conflict is interpreted very broadly; yes there are the scenes evoking actual battles and broad devastation but there are also conscious evocations far from the actual event that is memorialised. We veer from documentation to conscious artifice; it is, too, a mix of practitioners – from reporters to "artists".
There are heartening moments amid the bleakness. A surprisingly serene essay on domesticity by Stephen Shore, Ukraine 2012-2013, 67 years later, on survivors – naturally elderly – of the Holocaust who were displaced and now live in their adopted country. The beguiling accumulation of everything from telephones to teapots in homely surroundings masks appalling histories.
This must rank as one of the most remarkable exhibitions of photography yet attempted, raising far more questions than it answers, endlessly provoking and totally memorable. Are the people behind the camera dispassionate, objective, subjective, involved, reporters, interpreters, documentarians, propagandists, historians, or all these things? And what do the images tell as well as show? Take a day or two to absorb – and then a stiff drink of whatever suits.


Founded in Milan in 1946 by Bruno Gatta, Stilnovo was for years one of the most important actors in the world of lighting equipment design. It was a laboratory and a hotbed for ideas during the post-war reconstruction and the economic boom that followed.
Stilnovo triggered interest from the historical publication "Domus", to become an essential point of reference for prestigious names in Italian design, such as Achille and Pier Giacomo Castiglioni, Joe Colombo, Danilo and Corrado Aroldi, De Pas D'Urbino Lomazzi Studio, Ettore Sottsass, Cini Boeri and Gae Aulenti who all designed memorable pieces for this small Milanese company.
In order to pick up the traces of Stilnovo and bring them into the future a Scientific Committee was formed comprised of illustrious names in the fields of lighting design, design history, sociology, art direction and architecture. The team has produced a Manifest outlining the guidelines and criteria for future creations and defining the identity of a brand name which not only refuses to ignore its historical past but aims to exalt it.


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In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful
Some General Terms
Wajib -- obligatory, necessary, incumbent. An act which must be performed. You will be rewarded for performing it and punished for neglecting it, e.g., the daily prayers, the fasting of Ramadhan.
Ihtiyat wajib -- precautionarily obligatory. Its significance is the same as that of wajib with the difference that in the problems where a mujtahid says it is "precautionarily obligatory", one has the option of leaving his taqlid (following) in this particular problem and following the rulings of the second-best mujtahid in that problem.
Haram -- forbidden, prohibited. It is necessary to abstain from the acts which are haram. If someone performs a haram act, he will be punished, e.g., eating pork.
Sunnat, Mustahab -- recommendable, desirable. The acts whose neglect is not punished, but whose performance is rewarded, e.g., the call for prayers (adhan).
Makruh -- reprehensible, disliked. The acts whose performance is not punished, but whose avoidance is rewarded, e.g., eating in the state of janabat.
Ja'iz, Halal, Mubah -- permitted, allowed, lawful, legal. The acts or the thing which are permitted and lawful. There is no reward for performing it and no punishment for neglecting it, e.g., drinking tea. Mubah is exclusively used for lawful things, not for permitted actions.
What is Taqlid?
Taqlid literally means "to follow (someone)", "to imitate". In Islamic legal terminology it means to follow a mujtahid in religious laws and commandment as he has derived them. A mujtahid is a person who is an expert of Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh); he is also called a faqih. In order to see where and why the practice of taqlid gained acceptance in the Shi'i world, it is necessary first to explain it in some detail.
Man's nature dictates that he can only function properly within a society, and a society depends for its existence on laws and regulations. Islam teaches that Allah has sent a series of messengers and prophets with divine laws for man's guidance from the very beginning of his existence.
The final Messenger and Prophet was Muhammad bin `Abdullah (may the peace and blessings of Allah be upon him and his Household) who brought the last and most perfect of God's religious messages, Islam, which is to serve as a guide for mankind till the end of time.
Allah is the Creator of man and the universe, and so only He can, or has the right, to make laws for us. The prophets and messengers are merely the teachers and proclaimers of Allah's laws and regulations; they cannot make laws themselves.
The teachings of Shi'ah Islam say that the Imam is the successor of the Prophet and acts as the preserver and interpreter of Islam and its divine law, the shari'ah. In the earliest period of Islamic history, the Prophet guided the Muslim community (ummah) in every step it made, and was there to solve all its difficulties. From the time of the first Imam, `Ali, until the death of the eleventh, the Imam Hasan al-`Askari, peace be upon them, the Shi'ah received guidance directly from the Imams.
Then, during the period of the Lesser Occultation (al-ghaybatu 's-sughra) of the Twelfth Imam, he himself successively appointed four representatives1 who acted as the link between the Imam and his Shi'ahs. However, when the present Imam, peace be upon him, went into his Greater Occultation (al-ghaybatu 'l-kubra) in 329/941 in obedience to Allah's command, the Shi'ah were obliged to observe taqlid in their religious affairs.
Is Taqlid reasonable in a Time of Widespread Education?
It is not always reasonable to follow others and to hold uncritical faith in their opinions. We can distinguish four possible forms that imitation could take:
a) that of an ignorant person by an ignorant person,
b) that of a learned person by a more learned person,
c) that of an ignorant person by a learned person,
d) that of a learned person by a less learned person.
It is quite clear that the first three forms of imitation are unreasonable and can serve no purpose. However, the fourth kind is obviously not only reasonable, but also necessary and a matter of common sense; in our everyday life we follow and imitate others in many things; we like to feel that we are taking the advice of experts in matters outside our own knowledge.
Someone who wishes to build a house explains the basic idea of what he wants to his builder and then submits to his advice as to how he should go about the actual construction; the invalid follows the treatment advised by his doctor; a litigant consults a lawyer when drawing up his case for presentation in court.
The examples are abundant; in most cases the advice is taken voluntarily, but sometimes the citizen in a country may be required by law to seek expert advice and act upon it, before, for example, he is allowed to take some particularly dangerous drug.
The clearest example is obviously in case of a legal dispute between two parties, where they are required to take their grievances before a judge and abide by his decision if they cannot settle their dispute amicably.
The practice of taqlid is an example of the same kind: the person who is not an expert in jurisprudence is legally required to follow the instructions of the expert, i.e., the mujtahid. And in this case the requirement is an obligation which must be observed, for it is an essential part of the divine law.
It should be observed that taqlid pertains only to the realm of the shari'ah; there can be no taqlid in the matters of belief (usulu 'd-din). A Muslim must hold his belief in the fundamentals of his religion after attaining conviction of their truth through examination and reflection. The Qur'an very clearly condemns those who follow others blindly in matters of belief:
And when it is said to them, "Come now to what Allah has sent down, and the Messenger," they say, "Enough for us is what we found our fathers doing". What, even if their fathers had knowledge of naught and were not rightly-guided? (5:104)
This strong condemnation of the idol-worshippers is repeated elsewhere:
And when it is said to them, "Follow what Allah has sent down," they say, "No, but we will follow such things as we found our fathers doing." (2:170 and 31:20)
This does not mean that one must necessarily hold belief contrary to those of one's forefathers; what the Qur'an is saying is that one should not follow them blindly, i.e., without considering the validity of one's reasons for holding them. The Islamic attitude towards fundamental belief is that one may consider the views and opinions of others, but that one should only accept that which is reasonable to believe:
So give thou (O Muhammad!) good tidings to My servants who give ear to the word and follow the fairest of it. Those are they whom Allah has guided; those are men possessed of minds. (39:17)
To summarize, it may be said that the only approach to Islam is by accepting its tenets in such a way as one is entirely convinced of their validity, and this can only come about if one examines them carefully and conscientiously.
Once one has come to accept these tenets it follows as a necessary consequence that one must adhere to the shari'ah, either by following a mujtahid in taqlid, or by undertaking the acquisition of learning and piety to such a degree that one becomes a mujtahid oneself.
Taqlid in the Qur'an and Ahadith
The Qur'an instructs Muslims to seek guidance from people of learning in matters about which they lack knowledge:
"Question the people of remembrance if you do not know." (21:7)
It is an obligation in Islamic law to study everything which is necessary for the spiritual and material development and well-being of an Islamic community, but it is an obligation which is known as wajib kifa'i.2
In the present instance, for example, an Islamic society has need of experts in the medical sciences, in physics and chemistry, engineering, education, and so forth, and as long as there is a lack of knowledge in these areas it is an obligation on the community as a whole to acquire it, which means that a group of Muslims should devote themselves to research so as to benefit the Islamic people as a whole.
Similarly, an Islamic society without experts in the shari'ah cannot properly consider itself Islamic, so it is an obligation for a group of persons from this society to devote themselves to the study of the religious sciences, so as to provide divine guidance for all Muslims. This is the meaning contained in the verse of the Qur'an which states:
"But why should not a party from every section of them (the believers) go forth to become learned in the religion, and to warn their people when they return to them, that they may beware?" (9:122)
It is clear that the Imams used to be pleased if any of their companions taught religion or gave legal rulings (fatwa) to others. There are a number of documented cases of Shi'ahs who lived far from Medina asking the Imam of the time to appoint someone in their locality to adjudicate between them in religious problems. Zakariyyah ibn Adam al-Qummi and Yunus bin `Abdu r-Rahman, for example, were named by Imam `Ali ar-Rida' to solve disputes in their own districts.3
In a famous hadith, `Umar ibn Hanzalah asked Imam Ja`far as-Sadiq, peace be upon him, about the legality of two Shi'ahs seeking a verdict from an illegitimate ruler in a dispute over a debt or a legacy. The Imam's answer was that it was absolutely forbidden to do so.
Then Ibn Hanzalah asked what the two should do, and the Imam replied: "They must seek out one of you who narrates our traditions, who is versed in what is permissible and what is forbidden, who is well-acquainted with our laws and ordinances, and accept him as judge and arbiter, for I appoint him as judge over you. If the ruling which he based on our laws is rejected, this rejection will be tantamount to ignoring the order of Allah and rejecting us is the same as rejecting Allah, and this is the same as polytheism."4
In another tradition from Imam Ja'far as-Sadiq, this time narrated by Imam Hasan al-`Askari, peace be upon them, he says, "...but if there is anyone among the fuqaha' who is in control over his own self, protects his religion, suppresses his evil desires and is obedient to the commands of his Master, then the people should follow him."5
A third hadith is from the Present Imam, Muhammad al-Mahdi, peace be upon him, who said in a reply to Ishaq ibn Ya'qub: "As far as newly occurring circumstances are concerned, you should turn (for guidance) to the narrators of our ahadith, for they are my proof over you just as I am Allah's proof."6
We can understand two things from these verses of the Qur'an and the ahadith of the Imams:
1) there must always be a group of fuqaha' in every Muslim society;
2) those who are not qualified as fuqaha' or mujtahids, must follow one, and that to go against his instruction in religious matters is tantamount to polytheism., must follow one, and that to go against his instruction in religious matters is tantamount to polytheism.
The Necessary Conditions for Qualification as a Mujtahid
It can easily be inferred from the second of the ahadith cited above that becoming an expert in fiqh and the other Islamic sciences is not in itself enough for qualification as a mujtahid whom everyone can follow. In addition to this, Islamic law lays down that a mujtahid should be a free man of legitimate birth who is past the age of puberty, sane, an Ithna-`ashari Shi'ah, and `adil, (which can be translated as 'just', but which includes other moral and legal qualities, such as piety and abstention from all that the shari`ah forbids and fulfillment of all its obligations).
As to the question of how an ordinary believer should discover who is the mujtahid he must follow, there are three recognized ways:
1) by his own personal knowledge if he is himself a religious scholar;
2) by the testimony of two `adil, knowledgeable persons to someone's being a mujtahid;
3) by a degree of popularity which leaves no doubt as to a person's being a mujtahid.
Most present day `ulama' maintain that it is most desirable to follow a mujtahid who is al-a`lam. In a general sense this means 'the most learned', but in this specific contexts it means the faqih who has the greatest expertise in deriving the rulings of the shari`ah from the sources. The a`lam may be recognized in any of the three ways a mujtahid can.7
However, it is sometimes difficult for the Shi'ah `ulama' to distinguish whom among all the fuqaha' is the most learned, and, as a result, more than one mujtahid may be followed in taqlid at one time (though not, of course, by the same person), as is the case at present, but any such multiplicity does not result in any practical disagreement on legal matters within the Shi'ah community.
Why are there differences among the mujtahids in their legal opinions?
Many people wonder why it is that the mujtahids differ in their religious opinions, or fatwas, when the bases of their ijtihad are the same. Firstly, it should be said that any differences in the fatwas is hardly ever such as to be contradictory; it is almost impossible to find a case of one mujtahid saying some action is wajib and another saying it is haram.
Take, for instance, the case of salatu 'l-jum`ah, the Friday prayer. All the Shi'ah `ulama' are of the opinion that in the time of the presence of the Imam this salat is obligatory on Fridays, because it is the Imam, or his representative, who has the right to call the people to Friday prayer; but they differ as to what is the correct course of action when the Imam is in Occultation.
This difference of opinion does not, however, create any practical problem for the community. The late Ayatullah as-Sayyid Muhsin al-Hakim (d. 1970) was one of the opinion that salatu 'l-jum`ah is not obligatory during the Occultation of the Imam, but it does not matter if someone performs it supposing that it is expected (of him), provided that he also prays the noon prayer (salatu 'z-zuhr). Ayatullah as-Sayyid Abu 'l-Qasim al-Khu'i says that "one can choose between performing salatu 'z-zuhr or salatu 'l-jum`ah, but once the latter is established with all its conditions (fulfilled), it is precautionarily obligatory to participate in it."
Ayatullah as-Sayyid Ruhullah al-Khumayni says that "one can choose between performing salatu 'z-zuhr or salatu 'l-jum`ah, but if one chooses the latter it is advisable (mustahab) to precautionarily perform salatu 'z-zuhr also."8
Although there are these differences in the opinions of these mujtahids, there is no clash that would, for example, prevent the follower (muqallid) of one of them participating in salatu 'l-jum`ah if it were established.
Secondly, it should be observed that the existence of differences in scientific opinions is not to be taken as a sign of a substantial defect in the quest for knowledge and a reason for abandoning it altogether; it is, rather, a sign that knowledge moves in progressive steps towards perfection. Differences of opinions are to be found in all sciences, not just in fiqh.
There may, for example, be more than one opinion about the therapy for a particular patient's disease, and all of these opinions may be superseded later on by the development of new methods of dealing with that disease.
Thus these observations can be seen to be relevant not only to differences between the opinions of contemporary scientists but also to historical differences, and all these differences should be regarded as signs of the dynamism within a science and stages to be passed in its route to perfection.
It should be remembered that the mujtahid formulates his opinions after pushing his research and study as far as he can; that is all that is expected of him, for he is neither inerrant nor an `alim bi 'l-ghayb (knower of the unseen). The muqallid is enjoined to follow his opinions.
So, even if the mujtahid's fatwa is not actually in agreement with Allah's real command, neither he will be punished on the Day of Judgement for having issued the fatwa, nor will his muqallid for having acted according to it, for both will have done what was commanded of them and what was humanly possible for them to do.
1. These four representatives were: `Uthman ibn Sa`id al-`Amri, from 260/875-6 to 265/879; Muhammad ibn `Uthman al-`Amri, from his father's death until his own in 305/917; Husayn ibn Rawh an-Nawbakthi, from then until 326/937-8; and finally `Ali ibn Muhammad as-Samari until his death in 329/940-1.
2. Wajib kifa'i = the obligation which is on every member of the community as long as it is unfulfilled, but as soon as some person, or persons, has fulfilled it, it is no longer an obligation on those who have not fulfilled it.
3. Shaykh Hurr al-`Amili, Wasa'ilu 'sh-Shi`ah, vol. 18, Tehran 1401 A.H., pp. 106-7.
4. Shaykh al-Kulayni, Furu`u 'l-Kafi, vol. 7, Tehran 1379, p. 412.
5. Shaykh at-Tabarsi, al-Ihtijaj, vo. 2, Najaf 1966, p. 263.
6. Ibid, p. 283.
7. For these and further rulings concerning the marja'u 't-taqlid see Sayyid Muhammad Kazim at-Tabataba'i al-Yazdi, al-`Urwatu'l-Wuthqa', Tehran 1972 (published with the annotations of the contemporary maraji'), p. 5.
8. See their respective compilations of fatwas known as Tawdihu 'l-masa'il under rulings nos. 733, 737 and 741.
Sayyid Muhammad Rizvi


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Jury Awards $72 Million Compensation for Ovarian Cancer Caused by Talc
April 18, 2016 February 26, 2016 by News
A jury at the Missouri Circuit Court has awarded the estate of a Birmingham, Alabama woman $72 million compensation for ovarian cancer caused by talc.
In October 2015, Jackie Fox (62) lost her battle against ovarian cancer two years after being diagnosed with the condition. Before she died, Jackie – who had used Johnson & Johnson baby powder for most of her life – discovered research that suggested there may be a connection between the talcum powder used in the product and an increased risk of ovarian cancer.
Jackie sought legal advice and claimed compensation for ovarian cancer caused by talc. She was joined in her legal action by almost sixty other cases, and her claim became the lead case in a class action against Johnson & Johnson. Following her death, the claim for compensation for ovarian cancer was pursued on her behalf by her estate.
At the Missouri Circuit Court in St Louis, Johnson & Johnson contested the claim on the grounds that the cause of Jackie´s cancer was not known and therefore could not be attributed to her use of baby powder. However, lawyers for Jackie´s estate produced an internal memo suggesting that the company had been aware of the risk of cancer since 1997.
At the end of the three-week hearing, the jury found in Jackie´s favor. It awarded the estate $72 million compensation for ovarian cancer caused by talc – $10 million for Jackie´s wrongful death and $62 million in punitive damages. Jury foreman Krista Smith later told reporters: "It was really clear they were hiding something. All they had to do was put a warning label on."
The company has already said it will appeal the jury verdict and the award. In a written statement, Johnson & Johnson spokesperson Carol Goodrich said "the verdict goes against decades of sound science proving the safety of talc as a cosmetic ingredient in multiple products." She cited research by the FDA and National Cancer Institute that contradicted research presented in court.
Should Johnson & Johnson´s appeal be unsuccessful, it is likely that the award of compensation for ovarian cancer caused by talc will be significantly reduced. Stanford University law professor Nora Freeman Engstrom told the Associated Press: "Big jury verdicts do tend to be reined in during the course of the appellate process, and I expect that to be the case here."
Categories Personal Injury Claims Tags adverse reaction claims, product liability claims
Compensation Claims for Negligent Burns Treatment Resolved in Court
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The majority of all households have some form of heat trapped in their roof, and when the weather heats up especially, this can make things overly warm and uncomfortable. The heat sinks back down into the house, and can limit the effectiveness of household appliances, such as air conditioners. The Whirlybird is one of the most popular and cost effective methods of ventilating your roof space.
The traditional Whirlybird vent has been installed for decades on roofs around Australia, and comes in a range of different sizes and colours to match your roof. It will help save you a lot of money on energy bills; because these products run by themselves without the need for electricity. If you like the sound of this great product, and you're interested in Whirlybird installation in Sydney, then enquire below and one of our team will quickly get back to you.


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At least 16 feared missing after helicopter makes 'hard landing' on Tajikistan's highest peak
The missing included 13 climbers and three crew members whose identities are yet to be confirmed.
Aug 13, 2018 · 02:59 pm Updated Sep 26, 2018 · 12:28 pm
At least 16 people – 13 climbers and three crew members – were reported missing after a helicopter they were travelling in made a "hard landing" in the mountains of Tajikistan on Sunday, AFP quoted the country's emergency committee's statement. The accident happened at 4.30 pm local time (5 pm Indian time), committee officials said. The statement did not identify the climbers or the crew.
According to the Russian embassy in the Tajik capital of Dushanbe, the Mi-8 helicopter was carrying 13 Russian citizens on board, reported TASS agency. The embassy is investigating the incident. Two helicopters, with rescue teams and medical personnel, have been dispatched to the crash site.
The helicopter was travelling from the base camp on Fortambek glacier in the Ismoili Somoni Peak, reported BBC. The mountain, at 7,495 metres (24,590 feet), is Tajikistan's highest peak and a major tourist attraction.
The government of Tajikistan had designated 2018 as the official year for the promotion of tourism, reported Eurasianet. Last month, four foreign cyclists were killed in a hit-and-run attack that was later claimed by the Islamic State group.
US: Donald Trump pardons former White House aide Steve Bannon, 72 others but not himself or family


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Q: How to read in data from a pgm file in C++ So far I can read every line and print it out to the console:
void readFile(){

   string line;
   ifstream myfile("example1.pgm");

   if (myfile.is_open()){
       while (myfile.good()){
         getline (myfile,line);
         cout << line;
       }
   }

However a pgm file apparently will always have the following at the start before the data:
P2
# test.pgm
24 7
15

How can i adapt my code so that it checks that "P2" is present, ignores any comments (#), and stores the variables and subsequent pixel data?
I'm a bit lost and new to c++ so any help is appreicated.
Thanks

A: A way of simplifying PNM (PBM/PGM/PPM) header processing is to build up a header string line-by-line until you have captured all of the requisite data.  It doesn't take too much code to do this using only the standard C++ libraries...
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <stdexcept>
...
std::string header, magic;
int width=0, height=0, maxsample=0, samples=0, bits=0, bytes=0;

do {
   try { getline(is,magic); } catch ( const std::ios_base::failure & ) {}
   if ( !magic.empty() && magic[0] != '#' ) header += magic+" ";
   if ( !( std::stringstream(header+" 1") >> magic >> width >> height >> maxsample ).eof() ) break;
   if ( ( (magic=="P1"||magic=="P4") && maxsample==1 ) || !is.good() ) break;
   } while ( true );

samples = magic=="P1"?1:magic=="P2"?1:magic=="P3"?3:magic=="P4"?1:magic=="P5"?1:magic=="P6"?3:0;
bits = (magic=="P1"||magic=="P4")?1:maxsample<256?8:maxsample<256*256?16:0, bytes = (width*samples*bits+7)>>3;
if ( width<=0 || height<=0 || maxsample<=0 || samples<=0 || bits<=0 ) throw std::runtime_error("invalid PNM header");

This handles comments (if present) and the special-case of PBM (no 'maxsample') -- and it works regardless of whether or not exceptions are enabled on the input stream.
Once you've read the header, reading the image data is usually a simple matter since the format is defined to just be a sequential data dump (which may be either ASCII or binary depending on the 'magic' value).  In the case of 16-bit binary-encoded samples, the format specification indicates that "The most significant byte is first" (big endian), so this case may require some platform-specific handling.
As written, this requires C++11 -- probably due to the way I'm using stringstream as a temporary.
One caveat: In a pathological case, it is possible for this to waste a lot of time/RAM while attempting to read an invalid header -- since the getline call isn't inherently bounded.  There's a relatively simple solution (replace getline with something more robust), but it requires a bit more code.
For production-quality applications, consider using libnetpbm.

A: There are a lot of different ways to parse a file. For something like this, you could look at the answers on this site. Personally, I would go with a loop of getline() and test/parse every line (stored in the variable "line"), you can also use a stringstream since it is easier to use with multiple values :
Idea
First line : test that P2 (Portable graymap) is present, maybe with something like
if(line.compare("P2")) ...

Second line : do nothing, you can go on with the next getline()
Third line : store the size of the image; with a stringstream you could do this
int w,h;
ss >> w >> h;

Following lines : store the pixel data until you reach the end of the file
Resulting code
You can try this code and adapt it to your needs :
#include <iostream> // cout, cerr
#include <fstream> // ifstream
#include <sstream> // stringstream
using namespace std;

int main() {
  int row = 0, col = 0, numrows = 0, numcols = 0;
  ifstream infile("file.pgm");
  stringstream ss;
  string inputLine = "";

  // First line : version
  getline(infile,inputLine);
  if(inputLine.compare("P2") != 0) cerr << "Version error" << endl;
  else cout << "Version : " << inputLine << endl;

  // Second line : comment
  getline(infile,inputLine);
  cout << "Comment : " << inputLine << endl;

  // Continue with a stringstream
  ss << infile.rdbuf();
  // Third line : size
  ss >> numcols >> numrows;
  cout << numcols << " columns and " << numrows << " rows" << endl;

  int array[numrows][numcols];

  // Following lines : data
  for(row = 0; row < numrows; ++row)
    for (col = 0; col < numcols; ++col) ss >> array[row][col];

  // Now print the array to see the result
  for(row = 0; row < numrows; ++row) {
    for(col = 0; col < numcols; ++col) {
      cout << array[row][col] << " ";
    }
    cout << endl;
  }
  infile.close();
}

EDIT
Here is a good tutorial on how to use stringstreams.


Project Jigsaw. The works were carried out on levels 4, 6 & 7. The works included new lighting, new small power. All new luminaires and lighting controls were installed. The power was completely rewired and serves under floor track, desk harness umbilical's and floor boxes. A satellite equipment room was also constructed on level 4. Fire suppression and VESDA systems were also installed. Extensive modifications were carried out on the existing Fire detection and alarm system. The building was fully occupied throughout the works. Planned shutdowns were implemented to integrate new critical systems.


Heather Grey / 12-18m Unisex Tee Heather Grey / 3/4T Unisex Tee Pink / 2T "Girly" Pink / 5/6T Unisex Tee Pink / 5/6T "Girly"
Every year around Easter we roll our eyes at the chick puns that appear on kids' shirts: Chicks dig me. Chicks are all over me. Chicks love me. Chick magnet. So we're clapping back with an adorable chick pun of our own: Respect Chicks! Maximum cuteness, maximum respect.


text:
Home > Fine Art Finder > Artists > Alexander (after) Nasmyth
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Old Tolbooth, Edinburgh, engraved by Edward Finden (engraving)
Ferdinand August Bebel, German Marxist politician, philosopher, writer and orator
Robert Burns, Scottish poet (colour litho)
The House That Jack Built (colour litho)
South Front, Melrose Abbey Church (engraving)
Prudhoe Castle, Northumberland (engraving)
Evening service in the Kazan Cathedral, St Petersburg, Russia, at Christmas (engraving)
Remains of Kelso Abbey Church (engraving)
Figures Amidst a Capriccio of Ruins
Robert Burns (oil on canvas)
Monumental Pillar, near Wooler, Northumberland (engraving)
Gillknocky Tower, Dumfrieshire (engraving)
Featured Alexander (after) Nasmyth Image
5231337 Ferdinand August Bebel, German Marxist politician, philosopher, writer and orator, late 19th Century (b/w photo) by German Photographer, (19th century); Private Collection; (add.info.: Ferdinand August Bebel (1840-1913), German Marxist politician, philosopher, writer and orator, late 19th Century. Bebel Took part in the First International (1864). He was one of the founders of the Social Democratic Workers Party of Germany and served as chairman of the Social Democratic Party of Germany from 1892 until his death.); Look and Learn / Elgar Collection; German, out of copyright
© Look and Learn / Elgar Collection / Bridgeman Images
Traquair Castle, Peebleshire (engraving)
Langholm, Dumfrieshire (engraving)


text:
Winter Games in China: Olympics in a protective bubble
Status: 12.01.2022 11:01 a.m.
Despite rigorous protective measures, the corona numbers rise three weeks before the Olympic Games in China. The games themselves will take place in isolation. Some rules aroused amazement.
By Benjamin Eyssel, ARD-Studio Beijing
Despite the rising coronavirus numbers, the Chinese organizers are sticking to the Olympic Games. The winter games should start in three weeks and take place isolated from the rest of the country.
RBB logo
Benjamin Eyssel
ARD studio Beijing
Every effort will be made to prevent a major outbreak within the Olympic bubble, said Huang Chun from the local organization team at a virtual press conference. However, should there still be a major Covid outbreak at the Winter Games, this will certainly have an impact on the Games and their course. Therefore, options are kept open, Huang Chun said, without being specific.
Special rescue workers for athletes
The request that the Chinese should not help if they see a vehicle with Olympic participants that is involved in a traffic accident recently caused a stir. There are special rescue workers who are only responsible for the Olympic Games, it said to explain. The background to this is China's strict zero-covid policy.
Several major cities in lockdown
Several major Chinese cities are in lockdown. Including Yuzhou with around one million and Anyang with five million inhabitants, both in the Henan region. For three weeks now, people in the 13 million metropolis of Xi'an have not been allowed to leave their homes and apartments.
Hardly any transport links available
In the north-east Chinese economic metropolis of Tianjin, too, numerous restrictions apply to the 14 million inhabitants. Almost all flight connections from Tianjin have been canceled, and there are hardly any buses and trains out of the city. In some parts of the city, people have to stay at home.
At least two locally transmitted Omikron cases were reported in the port city of Tianjin over the weekend. The authorities are now testing all of the city's residents. The authorities have not disclosed how many of the most recent Covid cases in the People's Republic are attributed to the highly contagious Omicron variant.
It is still unclear how well the Chinese vaccines protect against Omikron. Studies indicate significantly less protection than mRNA vaccines. Vaccines like those from BioNTech / Pfizer or Moderna are not approved in China.
Numbers are also increasing in Hong Kong
The number of cases is also increasing in Hong Kong. The authorities in the Chinese Special Administrative Region report a total of almost 50 local Omikron infections. Therefore, in addition to bars and fitness centers, kindergartens and primary schools in Hong Kong will also be closed from Friday.
Prime Minister Carrie Lam announced: "Kindergartens and schools in Hong Kong should remain closed until at least after the Chinese New Year holidays at the beginning of February. They can only be reopened if the pandemic is under control by then. Then the schools should also be vaccinated will."
Three weeks before the Olympics: Corona numbers in China are increasing
Benjamin Eyssel, ARD Beijing, January 12th, 2022 9:35 am
Etiketler: bubbleChinagamesOlympicsprotectivewinter
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Hamburg's environment senator Jens Kerstan has cancer
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Video: Steinmeier visits "House of the Wannsee Conference"


text:
De Pelsterstraat is een straat in de binnenstad van Groningen. De straat loopt van de Vismarkt naar het Zuiderdiep.

Oorspronkelijk was de Pelsterstraat een achterstraat van de Herestraat. Tot in de zestiende eeuw stond de straat bekend als Gaddingestraat. De oudste vermelding dateert uit 1284. Gaddinge verwijst vermoedelijk naar een gelijknamig geslacht. Pelsters zijn bontwerkers.

Bijzonderheden
Niet meer traceerbare steeg: Schovengang
Bij het Zuiderdiep liggen in het trottoir glitterstenen ter markering van de middeleeuwse stadsmuur (Saar Oosterhof, 2002).
nr. 37. Voormalige Rijks HBS (1864)
nr. 43. H. Geest- of Pelstergasthuis van de Orde der Hospitaalbroeders. Het gasthuis bestond al in 1267, toen bedoeld voor passerende vreemdelingen, armen en zieken; later voor ouderen.

Monumenten
In de Pelsterstraat staan acht panden die de status van rijksmonument hebben. Daarnaast herbergt de straat zes panden die beschermd worden als gemeentelijk monument.

Straat in Groningen (stad)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Ambrosia and Nectar: Food and Drink of the Gods
Colin Quartermain
Oct 6, 2022 11:45 AM EDT
This article provides information on the substances of Ambrosia and Nectar as they appear in Greek mythology. Read on to learn more about these interesting substances.
Pat Whelen | Unsplash
The Food and Drink of the Gods
The phrase "food of the gods" is one which is today used in conjunction with any flavoursome dish; in Ancient Greece though, there was actually, food, and drink, of the gods, for gods in Greek mythology would partake of ambrosia and nectar.
Indeed, ambrosia and nectar were the very substances that were thought to give the Greek gods and goddesses their immortality.
Ambrosia or Nectar
Ambrosia is normally considered to be the food of the gods, whilst nectar is the drink, but in antiquity, some writers tell of them being the other way around.
The tales of Ancient Greece though, do not tell of where ambrosia and nectar came from, only that it was taken up to Mount Olympus each morning by a flight of doves. The food of the gods would then be served up by Hebe, the daughter of Zeus, or Ganymede, the abducted Trojan prince, both of these mythological figures appearing as the cupbearer of the gods.
Wedding Banquet - Raphael (1483–1520) - PD-art-100
Other Foods Eaten by the Gods
Reading through ancient sources it might be assumed that ambrosia and nectar were the only things consumed by the gods, but the gods were often also found at banquets, such as that thrown by Peleus and Thetis, where wine was served and other food. At Tantalus' feast, the king served up his own son, Pelops, so it has to be presumed that the king expected them to eat a "meat" dish.
Another food substance consumed by the gods was honey, and famously the newborn Zeus was fed with honey when hidden in a cave on Crete.
Ganymede was considered the "cupbearer of the gods." This painting is "Ganymede" by Peter Paul Rubens (1577–1640) - PD-art-100
Ambrosia: Source of Immortality?
The presumption was that the partaking of ambrosia and nectar gave the Greek gods and goddesses their immortality, but it was also said that the gods had to continue to eat and drink it to ensure that they did not fade away. This fading was something that happened to the goddess Demeter, when she refused to eat and drink, whilst she searched for her missing daughter, Persephone.
It was also thought that if a mortal consumed ambrosia and nectar then they would become immortal; the attempted theft of ambrosia was one of the crimes of Tantalus that saw him given eternal punishment.
The consumption of ambrosia though did not necessarily make mortals immortal, for in the famous story of the Wooden Horse at Troy, the Achaean heroes found inside, were fed by the goddess Athena with ambrosia, when they grew hungry.
Hebe, the daughter of Zeus, was the server of Ambrosia - Eden, Janine and Jim - CC-BY-2.0
Ambrosia and Nectar in Greek Myths
Ambrosia and nectar though were more than just food and drink and the Greek gods and goddesses put them to other uses.
Ambrosia and nectar could be used as a restorative, and Zeus would give it to the Hecatonchires and Cyclopes after their release from Tartarus; Zeus knew he needed the restored strength of the freed prisoners during the Titanomachy.
Aphrodite would also be fed ambrosia when she was injured fighting the Greek hero Diomedes at Troy; the ambrosia healing the goddess' wounds.
Also during the Trojan War, the body of the son of Zeus, Sarpedon, was cleansed in ambrosia by Apollo, after the Trojan defender had been killed by Patroclus. In this case, ambrosia was considered to be a fragrant funeral product.
The most famous use of ambrosia though comes from shortly before the Trojan War, and appears in one version of the Achilles myth. Thetis, the mother of Achilles, was attempting to make her son immortal, firstly by covering Achilles in ambrosia, and then burning away the mortal part of his body, when she was interrupted by her husband Peleus. Thetis never completed the job of making her son immortal because of the interruption, and the vulnerable heel area remained.
Honey and Ambrosia
Ever since antiquity, it has been normal to associate ambrosia and nectar with honey, although the food of the gods was said to be eight times sweeter than honey. Honey though, can be drunk as a wine, eaten, and used as an anointing fluid.
Sources and Further Reading
What Is Ambrosia? | GreekMythology.com
"Ambrosia and Nectar" by Peter J. Popoff
Ambrosia and Nectar in Greek Mythology | Greek Legends and Myths
Ambrosia and Nectar were the food and drink of the gods in Greek mythology. Served at the feasts of the gods upon Mount Olympus, Ambrosia and Nectar gave the gods vitality.
Nectar vs Ambrosia - What's the difference? | WikiDiff
Nectar | GreekMythology.com
Colin Quartermain (author) on July 30, 2015:
Many thanks Anne, always good to know people are enjoying, and perhaps learning something new, from my hubs. Colin.
Anne Harrison from Australia on July 29, 2015:
I am learning so much from your hubs about Antiquity - thank you. Voted up


We have a shop front located in Carrum Downs (see Visit below for address). You're welcome to drop by and speak to our staff regarding the products of your interest or simply just to pick up orders. We offer various payment methods including: Visa, MasterCard, EFTPOS and Cash. American Express is accepted via the website but not at the shop front.
Although the stock availability shown on the website is quite accurate, we still recommend that you give our office a ring before arrival to avoid disappointment, if the item(s) were to be out of stock. We accept orders in-person, phone or fax.


text:
Marital Abandonment
February 17, 2015 by: Content Team
In law, the term "abandonment" may be used in a variety of legal issues, from contract law to real estate law, referring to the giving up or renunciation of an interest, privilege, possession, or right, with the intent of never reclaiming it. As the term applies to matters of Family Law, an individual may abandon a marriage, spouse, child, or property. While abandonment of a marriage or marital property is a civil matter to be dealt with in family court, abandonment of a child may also be a criminal offense for which the individual may face criminal charges. To explore this concept, consider the following marital abandonment definition.
Definition of Abandonment
The giving up or withdrawal of support from something or someone
The act of leaving or deserting a person or property
1325-1375 Middle French abandoner
Walking Away and Marital Abandonment
Marital abandonment refers to a situation in which one spouse severs ties with the family, forsaking his or her responsibilities and duties to the family. Simply moving out of the family home in an attempt to create a temporary or permanent separation is not considered abandonment. The difference is often seen in the person's refusal to provide necessary support, whether financial or otherwise, with no intention to return, or to fulfill those responsibilities. In most states, the remaining spouse has no financial responsibility to the abandoning spouse.
In an at-fault divorce state, abandonment may be considered grounds for divorce. In these states, the spouse claiming abandonment must prove certain things to the court. For example, Jennifer files for divorce claiming that her husband, James, abandoned her just over a year ago. Jennifer would need to show that the couple had not agreed that James would leave, that she didn't cause James' departure, and that he hadn't paid any support during his absence.
Constructive Abandonment
Marital abandonment does not necessarily refer to a spouse leaving the home, but may be accomplished when one spouse forces the other to leave through bad behavior. If one spouse intentionally makes life insufferable for the other, giving the other spouse no choice but to leave, he or she has committed constructive abandonment. Many acts or refusals may give legal grounds for a victim-spouse to leave the marriage and home. These may include:
Physical, emotional, or mental cruelty
Withholding sex
Refusing to provide financial support
Criminal Abandonment
Suddenly refusing to provide care, support, and protection for minor children, or for a spouse who has serious health problems, is considered criminal abandonment. The law does not require people to continue living in a relationship, and anyone has the right to walk away from a sick spouse, but there is a price. It is likely the court would consider such an abandoned spouse to be financially dependent on the leaving spouse, and issue an order for continued financial responsibility and care. Abandoning a minor child is, in many cases, considered a crime as well, even if the child has not suffered physical harm as a result of being abandoned.
Property Division in Marital Abandonment
In most states, the fact that one spouse abandoned the marriage is not considered for the purpose of dividing marital assets. However, if one party leaves the residence without making an arrangement as to how the couple will pay the mortgage and other financial obligations, the remaining spouse may successfully argue to the court that the leaving party abandoned the marriage, and neglected the marital property and obligations. If the remaining spouse continued to pay the mortgage and other bills with no help from the abandoning spouse, it could create a very persuasive argument that the abandoning spouse should not be entitled to any equity that has accrued on the property, or possibly to the property itself.
In addition, most states' statutes make a provision for either spouse who purposely wastes, neglects, destroys, or devalues the marital property, which may be taken into account by the family court judge when dividing the marital assets.
Protecting Oneself When Abandoned by a Spouse
When a couple divorces, each party has certain financial rights, which include the right to request alimony, and the right to an equitable distribution of the marital property. The process of enforcing these rights begins with the filing of a Summons and Complaint for Divorce.
In a circumstance in which a spouse who has been abandoned does not wish to file for divorce, the abandoned spouse may still request spousal support from the other party. Spousal support in an abandonment case with no divorce filed must be requested by the abandoned spouse through the local family court.
In the event an abandoned spouse has children with the other party, he or she may request a custody order from the court, establishing the children's custodial parent. The abandoned spouse may also seek an order for child support from the other party. The specific process to file for custody and child support varies by jurisdiction. Contacting the local family court, or consulting with a family law attorney, is the best way to discover the correct process.
Financial Responsibility – The obligation of a parent to financially provide for the needs of a child.
Marital Property – The property and money acquired by a couple during the course of their marriage.
Custodial Parent – A parent given physical and/or legal custody of a child by order of the court.
Child Abandonment
Qualified Domestic Relations Order
Exclusive Use and Possession