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Are the new Minsk talks guiding Ukraine to capitulation?
President's press secretary Iuliia Mendel (L) and chief Ukrainian negotiator in Minsk Group Leonid Kuchma (R) at a press briefing on 6 June 2019. Photo: president.gov.ua
2019/06/14 - 08:42 • Russian Aggression, War in the Donbas
President Volodymyr Zelenskyy reinstated former Ukrainian president Leonid Kuchma to the Trilateral Contact Group (Ukraine-Russia-OSCE, TCG) on the Peace Settlement in Eastern Ukraine. And Kuchma's statements after the most recent TCG meeting in Minsk have already raised questions whether Zelenskyy is going to make concessions to Russia to settle the conflict in the Donbas.
Meanwhile, Kuchma's son-in-law, oligarch Viktor Pinchuk had already presented his "peace plan" for the Donbas back in late 2016, and the plan was to fulfill key Russian demands.
Read also: Everything you wanted to know about the Minsk peace deal, but were afraid to ask
Former Ukrainian President (1994-2005) Leonid Kuchma was a chief Ukrainian envoy in the Trilateral Contact Group in 2014-2018. It was he who had signed both Minsk agreements as a representative of Ukraine. Suddenly, he resigned in November 2018. His press secretary, Darka Olifer, explained that that summer Kuchma turned 80 and namely that age he considered "critical" when he announced his resignation from the TCG envoy position. Then-President Petro Poroshenko promoted former SBU head, Ukrainian envoy in TCG's security subgroup Yevhen Marchuk to Kuchma's position, though Marchuk resigned shortly after Zelenskyy's victory at the presidential elections.
At a briefing on 3 June, incumbent President Volodymyr Zelenskyy announced the return of Kuchma as head of the Ukrainian delegation in TCG at its very next meeting in Minsk on 5 June. Leonid Kuchma himself announced then that Ukraine is going to initiate yet another cease-fire in the Donbas for the harvest time – the Minsk group negotiates on such seasonal truces several times a year – for the Christmas holidays, Easter, harvest time, school year's start and so on.
After the TCG meeting, Kuchma said, "For the first time all meetings of the working [sub]groups happened in such a constructive tideway."
However, two of his statements about the meeting prompted outrage among Ukrainians.
Lifting Ukrainian blockade
Leonid Kuchma stated that on 5 June the Ukrainian delegation had a roadmap by President Zelenskyy in Minsk, "The president really wants to have peace in the region. I got corresponding instructions and came here… I voiced all the wishes I had heard from the President," told the Ukrainian envoy in TCG.
OSCE envoy in TCG Martin Sajdik told that Kuchma proposed to discuss the issue of lifting the Ukrainian economic blockade of ORDLO ("certain areas of Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts") at the next meeting on 19 June. Lifting of the blockade could become a "major breakthrough," as per Sajdik. He Sajdik also noted that putting a blockade on the uncontrolled territories in the spring of 2017 was the factor that contributed to "dividing the sides involved."
However, on the next day in Kyiv, Sajdik stated that the question was raised by representatives of ORDO and ORLO, supported by the Russian side and Kuchma merely suggested to discuss it at the next meeting.
And Leonid Kuchma said that Ukraine didn't impose any economic blockade, "There is a temporary ban on transferring cargoes across the contact line," he explained at a briefing in Kyiv on 6 June.
Meanwhile, previous Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko blasted the alleged proposition of the old-new chief negotiator Kuchma. He reminded that the decision of the National Security and Defense Council (RNBO) to suspend economic ties with uncontrolled territories was a reaction to the seizure of Ukrainian state-owned and private enterprises, imposing the ruble zone and Russian taxation system.
"So what has changed since then? Absolutely nothing from the side of the occupiers. Does it appear that the Ukrainian side is kneeling, about what Zelenskyy told before?" Poroshenko wrote in his Facebook post, recalling the 2014 video in which Zelenskyy said he was ready to kneel down before Putin to stop the war.
Poroshenko urged Zelenskyy to make a public statement clarifying his reason to give such instructions to the Ukrainian delegation in TCG.
Prosecutor General Yurii Lutsenko said that the trade with the enterprises located in the occupied territories is possible only when they are registered in Ukraine and pay taxes to the Ukrainian budget as it was prior to 2017.
"After the terrorists have "nationalized" the Ukrainian state and private assets in the ORDLO territory, the idea to lift the economic blockade means to legalize of paying taxes to the terrorist entities and to shift the social and utility expenses of pseudo republics to the Ukrainian budget. Such a trade will be criminal under the Criminal Code's Article 258-5 on the funding of terrorism," noted Lutsenko in a Facebook post.
Back in February 2019 amid the presidential campaign, leader of pro-Russian "Opposition Bloc," MP Oleksandr Vilkul submitted a bill to lift the blockade, he argued that the blockade is "killing" the country and millions of the innocent suffer from it. As well as another pro-Russian politician, Putin's crony Viktor Medvedchuk mentioned his plan for the Donbas which included restoring the economic relations with "self-proclaimed republics" and granting them the autonomy status. However, both politicians didn't comment on Kuchma's recent Minsk statements.
Head of the Ukrainian delegation in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, Poroshenko Bloc's MP Volodymyr Ariev said, "Unilateral concessions to terrorists are without exaggeration ceding national security of the country. The aggressor doesn't make any concessions and only adduces the terms of capitulation via [Russian foreign minister] Lavrov's mouth. Thus, ceasing resistance and trading under these terms is direct treason of Ukraine."
Deputy speaker of the Verkhovna Rada Oksana Syroid noted,
"Russia's logic is clear: lifting the blockade – amnesty for militants – elections in the occupied territories – special status [for the Donbas in Ukraine] – Rusian control over Ukraine. Capitulation in five moves. And why does Volodymyr Zelenskyy need it? Got bored of being the president of Ukraine and wants to become a Russian governor-general in the lands of Malorosia?"
Ban on returning fire
Another idea ascribed to Kuchma was to prohibit shooting in reply to the fire attacks. His words after the meeting in Minsk were:
."..There [in the ceasefire agreement] it should be written down even up to not returning fire, obligatory, in order for all the civilian premises – schools, kindergartens, living quarters – to not sustain such fire attacks," Kuchma said.
"When we don't respond to the enemy's fire, we have more fatalities. The prohibition to return fire is not a path to peace, it is a path to capitulation," said speaker of the Parliament Andrii Parubiy at a Rada's session on 6 June.
Head of the Ukrainian Institute of the National Memory Volodymyr Viatrovych also critisized the idea to ban return fire,
"The Ukrainian army was in Crimea in 2014, but none of those ready to return fire. We lost Crimea," Viatrovych said, but later the volunteers who were ready to shoot prevented the same failure in the country's south and east, "Not to return fire means to fall the situation five years back, it means to break the morale of the army."
Prosecutor General Yurii Lutsenko said that following the statements voiced after the 5 June Minsk meeting, three criminal cases were opened into the facts of high treason, preparations to fund terrorist, and preparing to impede the activities of the Ukrainian army.
At a briefing on 6 June, Zelenskyy's press secretary Iuliia Mendel explained,
"The [Kuchma's] phrase widely spread in the media was taken out of context. In the context, it was said that this is a mutual commitment. The Minsk agreements stipulate a ceasefire," she said.
Later speaking via a video link at a talk show on the 1+1 channel, Ms. Mendel gave a further explanation of the Kuchma's words, clarifying that the ban shouldn't be absolute, and, however, stating that Ukrainian servicemen attack civilian infrastructure,
"What particularly it was about? About the fact that Ukrainian military buys into provocations when the fire is conducted from a residential house, a kindergarten, a school, a hospital, from any place where civilians dwell, and after that fire attacks on such a building start. Thus, our people die, our Ukrainians, and, in fact, it was about not giving in to provocations," Mendel said.
On 10 June, up to 2,000 protesters rallied near the presidential administration demanding to stop capitulation,
"Stop Capitulation" rally near the presidential administration. Kyiv, 10 June 2019. Photo: facebook.com/sergey.vysotsky
"Stop Capitulation" rally near the presidential administration. Kyiv, 10 June 2019. Photo: rbc.ua
"We demand that people who are forming the roadmap for Minsk be replaced and veterans be involved in the process. To have there the people who are familiar with the situation, otherwise, we will treat it as a quiet surrender," one of the rally participants commented to Ukrainian News.
The protesters carried Ukrainian flags and chanted "Shame," "Down with Kuchma," "Vova [Zelenskyy], we have a war, leave shawarma alone," "[interior minister] Avakov, goodbye!" One of the activists stuck a poster on the wall of the Presidential Administration, reading "Administration of the Malorossian Governor."
Has Pinchuk come into play?
Ukrainian media noticed that Kuchma's son-in-law, oligarch Viktor Pinchuk visited the presidential administration on 31 May. Journalists suggested that Pinchuk discussed the re-appointment of his father-in-law as head of the Ukrainian delegation in TCG with President Zelenskyy.
Later the President's press secretary and the President himself confirmed the information.
"We saw that the news emerged about an apparent visit of Viktor Pinchuk to the President's administration. We would like to comment on this. He did come on 31 May together with Leonid Kuchma to discuss the position which was peoposed today [3 June] – to head the Trilateral Contact Group. The discussion took place and we saw the result of the visit today," Yullia Mendel said.
Meanwhile, Kuchma's presence at the meeting wasn't mentioned in a message published on President's twitter account:
"Within the frameworks of the announced meetings with entrepreneurs, we discussed with Viktor Pinchcuk the transparency of the rules, responsibility of the businessmen before the country, equality of everyone before the law," the tweet reads.
As Kuchma headed the Ukrainian TCG delegation, he said that he had accepted Zelenskyy's proposition to return to the Minsk process under the condition that he won't be an "extra" at the negotiations. Kuchma also mentioned that he had concrete propositions which can get the things moving at the Donbas settlement negotiations. This means that his resignment last year wasn't the matter of his age as Kuchma's press secretary hinted, he wanted to be an independent player at the talks.
So what the ideas Kuchma can propose to resolve the conflict?
Oligarch Pinchuk's article "Ukraine Must Make Painful Compromises for Peace With Russia" published in the Wall Street Journal at the end of 2016 may be the answer.
Read also: Viktor Pinchuk wants Ukraine to capitulate to Russia
In the article, Kuchma's son-in-law argues that instead of "issuing ever-shriller appeals," Ukraine must also adapt to the new reality. "Moscow must implement its obligations under the 2014 and 2015 Minsk agreements to end the conflict in eastern Ukraine," Pinchuk says, "But this can be part of a larger picture in which we make painful compromises for peace."
And Pinchuk proposed to consider several compromises for Ukraine:
"Eliminating European Union membership from our stated goals for the near future;"
"Crimea must not get in the way of a deal that ends the war in the east;"
There will be no conditions for fair elections in the Donbas until Ukraine has full control over the territory, "but we may have to overlook this truth and accept local elections," Pinchuk says;
"Let's accept that Ukraine will not join NATO in the near- or midterm," Pinchuk argues and adds, "We should pursue an alternative security arrangement and accept neutrality as our near-term vision for the future."
All four ideas put Ukrainian independence on the table:
rejecting Ukraine's EU aspirations would mean, first of all, staying in the Russian orbit of influence,
taking Crimea off the table would be a silent recognition of the Russian sovereignty over the peninsula,
folding the course towards NATO would mean rendering Ukraine defenseless to the Russian aggression, and
recognizing the local elections in the occupied Donbas would mean recognizing the occupation authorities legal.
All four items represent what the Kremlin wants starting from 2014. Why the oligarch had offered such pro-Rusian compromises which would mean de-facto capitulation of Ukraine?
The Ukrainian online newspaper Obozrevatel states that the interest of Pinchuk in reconciling with Russia is exceptionally financial since, in spite of the annexation of Crimea and occupation of the Donbas, Pinchuk continues shipping products of his Interpipe company to Russia, which is an aggressor country under Ukrainian laws. Interpipe is among the world's top-10 manufacturers of weldless pipes, and it is the third large producer of all-rolled railroad wheels. Russia needs Interpipe's production and the company, despite the fact that Russia put Interpipe's managing company – EastOne Group – and Pinchuk himself on the sanctions lists, Interpipe itself remains unsanctioned.
Kuchma's first ambiguous statements as a Ukrainian leader in the Minsk group may be the first signs that he has started working on the implementation of his son-in-law's 2016 "peace plan," which was harshly criticized in Ukraine.
The next Minsk group meeting on 19 June can shed more light on Kuchma's intentions. However, "Zelenskyy's roadmap" for the Donbas mentioned by Kuchma wasn't published by now, thus it is hard to tell how the President is going to act to resolve the Donbas issue and how much his roadmap could borrow from Pinchuk's plan.
Everything you wanted to know about the Minsk peace deal, but were afraid to ask
Who is who in the Minsk process | Infographics (2017)
Viktor Pinchuk wants Ukraine to capitulate to Russia
Why Pinchuk's plan would be a disaster for Ukraine and the West
The Pinchuk "compromise" and plans to destroy Ukraine
"LNR" Minsk envoy Deinego openly admits Russia is fighting in occupied territory
Four key points of the new Minsk process roadmap (2016)
Red lines Ukraine can't cross in the Minsk process
Russia will not fulfill Minsk obligations until forced – Ukrainian diplomat
Why Minsk II is a trap for Russia
Putin's crony in Ukraine proposes new "compromise" plan ahead of Minsk talks
Klimkin defends Minsk II in Parliament
The Minsk agreement — dangers for Ukraine
Tags: Leonid Kuchma, Minsk process, Viktor Pinchuk, Zelenskyi / Zelensky / Zelenskiy
Yuri Zoria
A philologist by education, in 2003-2007 Yuriy worked as a journalist in a Luhansk online media. He was born and lived all his life in the peaceful provincial city of Luhansk, where nothing serious happened. Until 2014. Now he is an IDP. Follow Yuriy on twitter: @loogunda
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Home / Articles / Art law / Alternative dispute resolution in the creative industries
Alternative dispute resolution in the creative industries
In the aftermath of the Harvey Weinstein's revelations, which triggered many more about sexual predators killing it in Hollywood and other creative industries, it is topical to look into the pros and cons of alternative dispute resolution in entertainment. While Weinstein and other top brass in the entertainment industry used to do away with accusations of predatory sexual behaviour made against them, by signing non-disclosure and out-of-court settlement agreements with their victims, the crux of the matter is that creative endeavours rely heavily on the goodwill, reputation and other intangible assets owned by the above-the-line personnel (film director, producers, scriptwriter) and by the casted actors. In this context, how to make the most of alternative dispute resolution, in the entertainment and creative industries, while retaining and respecting work ethics and human values? How to balance the need for secrecy and protection of the goodwill and reputation of top creatives, with the moral obligation to ensure that they are held accountable for their actions and business endeavours in the creative community and beyond?
1. What is alternative dispute resolution in the creative industries? Why use it?
Alternative dispute resolution ("ADR") is the use of methods such as mediation, negotiation or arbitration to resolve a dispute without resort to litigation.
ADR procedures are deemed to be usually less costly and more expeditious than litigation, especially in Anglo-Saxon countries where merely the court costs represent a substantial portion of the financial budget to allocate, in order to resolve a dispute through litigation.
ADR procedures, unlike adversarial litigation, are often collaborative and strive to allow parties to understand each other's positions. ADR also allows the parties to come up with more creative solutions than a court may not be legally allowed to impose.
ADR also offers the option of confidentiality and secrecy to the parties involved in a dispute, while such option very rarely exists in court, especially in common law litigation proceedings which rely heavily on broad, expensive and virtually unlimited discovery such as in the USA and, to a degree, England & Wales. Instead of draining the financial resources and competitiveness of your creative business, which could well be invested in job creation or Research & Development for example, why not use ADR to limit the reputational impact and financial consequences of resolving a dispute?
For these reasons above, ADR procedures are increasingly being used in disputes that would otherwise result in litigation, including high-profile labor disputes, divorce actions and personal injury claims.
While arbitration is a process similar to an informal trial where an impartial third party – the arbitrator – hears each side of a dispute and issues a decision, mediation is a collaborative process where a mediator works with the parties to come to a mutually agreeable solution.
2. In which context should you use alternative dispute resolution in the creative industries?
ADR services are becoming increasingly en vogue, with courts strongly pushing antagonised parties to resolving their disputes out of court, in a move to unclog court dockets. Many judiciary stakeholders complain that court dockets are heavily and unjustifiably congested as a result of the indiscriminate filing and delayed processing of cases in the courts of justice.
While English courts made it compulsory for parties, a long time ago, to have complied with the Practice Direction on Pre-Action Conduct and any relevant of the 14 Pre-Action protocols before commencing legal proceedings, as well as to have considered ADR (such as mediation) both before commencing litigation and during the litigation process, French courts have finally caught up with such trend further to the entering into force of the new articles 56 and 58 of the French civil procedural code: on 1 April 2015, at last, it became compulsory for parties to attempt to resolve their disputes out-of-court, through ADR, and for any claimant to prove and justify that he attempted to solve the dispute out-of-court with the defendant, prior to litigation.
This reform remains wishful thinking in France though, since these articles 56 and 58 of the French civil procedural code do not even clearly define the notion of "attempting to resolve the dispute out-of-court". However, I have noticed that my French peers, "avocats à la cour" in France, tend to send one or two "lettres de mise en demeure" (i.e. letters before court action) before filing a litigation claim with a French court, instead of merely sending court summons without any warning to helpless defendants being sued for tens of millions of euros by aggressive French claimants and their French counsels, as was usual practice and totally acceptable in France prior to that reform!
Even French bars promote mediation and "collaborative law" to their lawyer members, coaxing them into registering as lawyers trained for ADR.
The entertainment sector is notorious for the considerable number of pending court cases, arguments, disputes it generates, and for the sheer variety of conflicts that arise in this business, as any reader of major trade papers Daily Variety and The Hollywood Reporter would attest. Consequently, the creative industries are a particularly fertile soil for ADR proceedings, and ADR has grown substantially over the past 15 to 20 years in these industrial sectors.
3. Who can provide ADR services?
While the two most common forms of ADR are arbitration and mediation, negotiation is almost always attempted first to resolve a dispute. It is the preeminent mode of dispute resolution. Negotiation allows the parties to meet in order to settle a dispute. The main advantage of this form of dispute settlement is that it allows the parties themselves to control the process and the solution.
As explained below in section 4, negotiations are better conducted by French "avocats" in France, since the without prejudice privilege rule does not apply to any communication exchanged between contractual parties, prior to filing a lawsuit. Only communications exchanged between French lawyers is protected by confidentiality and secrecy.
In England & Wales, however, parties can conduct negotiations directly, by making use of the without prejudice rule explained below in section 4, which will prevent all their attempts and negotiating communications from being used in court by the other party.
Mediation is also an informal alternative to litigation. Mediators are individuals trained in negotiations, who bring opposing parties together and attempt to work out a settlement or agreement that both parties accept or reject. The leading mediation institution in England is the Centre for Effective Dispute Resolution ("CEDR").
Arbitration is a simplified version of a trial involving limited discovery and simplified rules of evidence. The arbitration is headed and decided by an arbitral panel. To comprise a panel, either both sides agree on one arbitrator, or each side selects one arbitrator and the two arbitrators elect the third.
As a result, several bodies have sprung up over the years, specialising in providing either mediation and/or arbitration services and panels to the creative industries, such as:
the American Arbitration Association ("AAA"), which has an entertainment panel, and its international posting The International Centre for Dispute Resolution ("ICDR") ;
the Judicial Arbitration & Mediation Service ("JAMS"), in the USA and JAMS International in London, UK;
the Independent Film & Television Alliance ("IFTA") in Los Angeles, USA, which has a panel of arbitrators in all regions of the world;
the Mediation and Expedited Arbitration for Films and Media Centre, for the resolution of all types of disputes in the entertainment and media sectors, as well as the Domain name dispute resolution services, exclusively for the resolution of domain name disputes, from the World Intellectual Property Office (WIPO) in Geneva, Switzerland;
the London Court of International Arbitration ("LCIA"), in London, UK, which is the major arbitration institution in England;
Trademark mediation services of the International Trademark Association ("INTA"), exclusively for the resolution of trademark disputes, and
the dispute resolution services of the widely-renowned International Chamber of Commerce ("ICC"), which has offices all over the world.
The founding and managing partner of our law firm Crefovi, Annabelle Gauberti, is a member of the panel of arbitrators and mediators of most of these above-mentioned institutions.
Even online platforms have been set up, in the last 5 years, to offer ADR services to natural persons and businesses who want to avoid the intricacies, costs and lengthy duration of fully-blown litigation, such as eJust and Mediaconf. It is a little early to assess whether such online ADR platforms do provide adequate resolution services to members of the public and the business community at large, but it is telling that they even managed to get financing from tech investors and venture capital and seed funds.
4. How does ADR support you in resolving your dispute?
ADR refers to any means of settling disputes outside the courtroom. It typically includes early neutral evaluation, negotiation, conciliation, mediation or arbitration.
While the two most common forms of ADR are arbitration and mediation, negotiation is almost always attempted first to resolve a dispute. It is the preeminent mode of dispute resolution.
In England & Wales, any pre-litigation negotiation process should be conducted on a "without prejudice" basis, pursuant to the without prejudice principle. Indeed, if a communication between negotiating parties has been made in compliance with the without prejudice privilege, it will not be admissible in court and therefore cannot be used as evidence against the interest of the party that made it. The rationale behind this form of legal privilege is that it is in the public interest that disputing parties should be able to negotiate freely, without fear of future prejudice in court, with a view to settling their disputes wherever possible.
It works! Many parties in England & Wales who have disputes, in particular employment disputes which can be conducted through the robust ACAS dispute resolution process, make the most of the without prejudice privilege during negotiations, and settle their claims out-of-court.
Even mediation, which, at its most basic level, is nothing more than a negotiation conducted through an intermediary (the mediator) to resolve commercial matters and even, sometimes, family disputes, benefits from the without prejudice privilege rule in England & Wales, according to which no communications made during the proceedings can be disclosed without the express agreement of the mediating parties in the event that no settlement is reached. If successful, a mediation concludes with a settlement agreement, which is enforceable as a contract.
In France, such without prejudice rule does not apply, which means that any attempt to negotiate and settle out-of-court must be lead by French "avocats à la cour" representing the parties, since only the discussions and negotiations of French lawyers are protected and confidential, and therefore not disclosable in court. This is a serious hindrance to the emergence of sturdy ADR in France, since parties cannot confidentially negotiate an out-of-court settlement without French lawyers and since all their direct communications will be disclosable in court. ADR is therefore a costly process in France because parties must instruct French "avocats" from the get-go, especially when the parties put in the balance the fact that litigation is free in France, i.e. that the French court costs are close to nil. Why then bother with ADR when filing a lawsuit would result in a cheaper process to obtain a 100 percent enforceable judgment?
Of course, both the UK and France must comply with Directive 2008/52/EC on certain aspects of mediation in civil and commercial matters (the European Mediation Directive), which objective is the facilitation of access to ADR and the promotion of the amicable settlement of cross-border disputes, by the promotion of the use of mediation as well as of a balanced relationship between mediation and judicial proceedings. It seeks to protect the confidentiality of the mediation process and ensures that when parties engage in mediation, any limitation period is suspended.
In England, arbitration proceedings are governed ("law of the seat") by the Arbitration Act 1996, which applies to both domestic and international arbitration. In France, articles 1442 to 1527 of the French civil procedural code, govern arbitration proceedings. Apart from the Arbitration Act 1996 in England and articles 1442 to 1527 of the French civil procedural code in France, and depending on the parties' arbitration agreement, various institutional arbitration rules may find application, such as the rules of the LCIA, ICC, etc. In England and France, virtually all commercial matters are arbitrable, while disputes involving criminal and family law matters are generally considered non-arbitrable.
Parties can decide to use arbitration when they have agreed to do so in a contract, in particular in the dispute resolution clause ("clause compromissoire" in French) set out in such contract. If there is an international aspect to the commercial transaction, depending on the type of disputes which are likely to arise between the parties, depending on who the parties are as well as the secrecy of their contractual commitments and obligations, parties may be inclined to set out a dispute resolution clause which chooses arbitration over litigation, in their contract. Such dispute resolution clause would ousts jurisdiction of courts except for purposes of supporting and/or supervising arbitration proceedings and would define the seat (legal place) of any future arbitration. In addition, the dispute resolution clause would clearly set out the governing law, the applicable procedural rules (LCIA, IFTA, ICC, etc.), the number of arbitrators, the language of the arbitration and whether some rights of appeal apply.
If and when a dispute arises, the aggrieved party would merely refer to that dispute resolution clause set out in the contract and, probably after a few attempts to negotiate and resolve this dispute directly with the other party, would file an arbitration with the arbitration body designated in this dispute resolution clause, pursuant to the designated institutional arbitration rules.
Arbitration is very often used in the entertainment sector and creative industries, where reputation and goodwill are some of the most important assets owned by a creative business, and therefore where confidentiality and secrecy are of the essence.
For example, on 19 July 2017, an arbitration panel from the Mediation and Arbitration Centre of WIPO decided a matter in dispute between major and independent music publishers BMG, Peermusic, Sony/ATV/EMI Music Publishing, Universal Music Publishing and Warner/Chappell Music as well as AEDEM (over 200 small and medium sized Spanish music publishers), on one side, and the Spanish collective rights society SGAE, on the other side. The binding arbitration focused primarily on two claims:
the inequitable sharing of money received by SGAE from a user of music and distributed by SGAE back to the user of that music as a copyright holder, and
the improper distribution of royalties for the use of inaudible or barely audible music.
After considering the evidence, the three WIPO arbitrators decided:
to have an equitable distribution, so as not to prejudice other authors, there must be changes in the SGAE distribution rules. These rules must change so that the broadcasters receive via their publishing companies for music uses in the early morning hours (when there is no significant audience or commercial value) a variance between 10 percent and 20 percent of the total collected from them, respectively. The arbitrators unanimously agreed it should be 15 percent. After applying this limitation, new distribution rules also should reflect an equitable value for music broadcast during other programming blocks of time;
that the distributions must stop for inaudible music, as identified by the technology used by Spanish company BMAT or a company using similar technology;
that SGAE should disperse its "scarcely audible fund" as described in the written decision.
5. Are ADR decisions enforceable? How binding are the available methods of ADR in nature?
An arbitral award is final and binding but a party can appeal to the courts on a point of law, unless the arbitration agreement excludes this ability. Leave of the court to appeal the award is severely restricted under the Arbitration Act 1996 in England & Wales, and under articles 1442 to 1527 of the Civil procedural code in France (and can even be excluded by the arbitration agreement) and the applicant must show, among other things, that the determination of the question of law will substantially affect the rights of the parties and that it is just and proper for the court to determine the question/dispute.
The arbitral award may also be challenged on the basis that the arbitral tribunal did not have jurisdiction to decide the dispute, or that there was a serious irregularity affecting the arbitral tribunal, the proceedings or the award (for example, the tribunal failed to deal with all the issues that were put to it or was biased).
The Convention on the recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards 1958 (the "New York Convention"), to which both England and France are parties, allows the enforcement of either an English arbitration or a French arbitration award across the 157 Convention countries in accordance with those countries' own laws. Likewise, the Arbitration Act provides for enforcement in England of an arbitration award rendered in another New York Convention country. The most common method of such enforcement is to seek judgment of the English court in terms of the award (and that judgment can then be enforced as a judgment of the English court). Meanwhile, articles 1442 to 1527 of the French civil procedural code provide for enforcement in France of an arbitration award rendered in another New York Convention country, further to the issue of an exequatur order ("ordonnance d'exequatur") by the competent "Tribunal de grande instance" in France.
Settlement agreements which are reached through mediation or negotiation are contracts and are therefore enforceable if the requirements for a valid contract are satisfied. If, by extraordinary, one of the parties breaches the provisions of the settlement agreement, the other parties will be entitled to file some contractual breach claims with the courts.
To conclude, ADR proceedings are especially adapted to the requirements of the entertainment sector and creative industries at large, where cross-border deals are the rule and the need to protect the reputation and goodwill of contracting business partners is paramount. While the legitimacy of non-disclosure and confidentiality provisions set out in existing settlement agreements is hotly debated at the moment, in relation to sexual harassment cases against Harvey Weinstein, Bob Weinstein, Brett Ratner, Dustin Hoffman, James Toback, Kevin Spacey, Louis C.K., etc., it is wise to set out well-drafted arbitration clauses in film production agreements as well as employment agreements with the above-the-line film team and casted actors, in order to avoid promotional and marketing disasters, such as that suffered by Lionsgate upon the release of "Exposed", a thriller starring Keanu Reeves, after the film's actual director asked for his name to be removed.
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Use the information below as basic guideline on how banks and mortgage companies determine if you are qualified for various types of home loans including Conventional, FHA, VA, etc.
BANKRUPTCY: Can vary from 1-3 years from final discharge date depending on the loan program and lender.
FORECLOSURE: Can vary from 1-3 years from final discharge date depending on the loan program and lender.
LATE PAYMENTS: Most loan guidelines will require a minimum of 12 months (1 year) with no late payments on a credit report. If credit has been excellent for years, and a minor late payment occurs, it may be acceptable with explanation. A late payment for installment loans or credit card accounts usually only appears on a credit report if a payment, or minimum required payment, is 30 days late or more.
DEFAULTED STUDENT LOANS: Generally if a government guaranteed student loan is in default, this will disqualify a person for a mortgage. Sometimes if a loan repayment schedule has been renegotiated and payments are timely again for at least a year, the history of the defaulted loan might not disqualify the borrower.
COLLECTIONS: Generally any account which is in collection status must be repaid before qualifying for a mortgage loan, medical bills may allow an exception.
JUDGMENTS: Generally, any court ordered judgment must be paid in full. In cases of court ordered child support payments, the payments must be caught up and current.
SELF-EMPLOYMENT AND COMMISSION-BASED INCOME: If a borrower has been in the same line of work for 2 or more years and a lender has a "self employment" loan program, self-employment income and commission income can be used as "qualifying" income for a mortgage loan under a bank statement program. For further guidelines, consult a mortgage broker.
OVERTIME AND BONUS INCOME: In most cases a lender will count overtime or bonus pay as "qualifying" income if the borrower has a history of overtime or bonus pay from the borrower's current employer for at least one to two years (usually two years). The employer must verify the number of overtime hours or anticipated bonus income that is likely to continue for it to be used as "qualifying" income.
INCOME FROM A SECOND JOB: If a borrower works at two jobs, the income from the secondary job (usually a second part-time job) is often only able to be included as qualifying income if the borrower has had a continuing history of working two jobs for at least two years.
CHILD SUPPORT INCOME: Income from child support needs to be received consistently to be used as "qualifying" income. Often a history of payments is required, so newly awarded child support payments might not be considered "qualifying" income in some circumstances.
LAWSUITS OR PENDING DIVORCE: If a borrower is being sued, or is otherwise involved in legal actions such as a pending divorce, often a mortgage loan cannot be granted until the lawsuit is settled.
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text:
const { describe, it } = global;
import { expect } from 'chai';
import { shallow } from 'enzyme';
import PostList from '../postlist';

describe('core.components.postlist', () => {
  const posts = [
    { title: 't-one', _id: 'one' },
    { title: 't-two', _id: 'two' },
  ];

  it('should list given number of items', () => {
    const el = shallow(<PostList posts={posts} />);
    expect(el.find('ListItem').length).to.be.equal(posts.length);
  });

  it('should list post title for each item', () => {
    const el = shallow(<PostList posts={posts} />);
    const items = el.find('ListItem');
    items.forEach((item, index) => {
      expect(item.prop('primaryText')).to.be.equal(posts[index].title);
    });
  });

  it('shallow list post link for each items', () => {
    const el = shallow(<PostList posts={posts} />);
    const items = el.find('ListItem');
    items.forEach((item, index) => {
      expect(item.prop('href')).to.be.equal(`/post/${posts[index]._id}`);
    });
  });
});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Wisconsin is home to over 10,000 miles of vast rivers, streams and creeks which makes the driftless region a hotspot for fly fishing. Come enjoy a guided fly fishing experience on the mighty Mississippi with accomodations at The Charmant Hotel.
Above add-on costs are in addition to the nightly rate reserved. Two night minimum with fly fishing taking place on the 2nd day.
Advanced reservations for our "On the Fly," package is required. To book this package call our Charmant Reservationist directly at 608.519.8830 today!


The mother church of Congregationalism in Australia, the foundation stone of the Pitt Street church was laid in 1842 and the building opened for worship in 1846. It was designed by English-trained John Bibb (1810-1862) who in 1832 joined John Verge, one of the leading architects in Sydney, as an assistant. It was enlarged between 1857 and 1867, but the architect of this work is unknown. This included the internal galleries, resting on fluted iron columns cast by Dawson of Sydney, and the vestry to the rear.
The present instrument, built in 1910 by Hill & Son, London, as job no. 2396, is one of the firm's best-preserved later instruments and one of the few larger organs from the first two decades of the 20th century to survive in Australia with tubular-pneumatic action intact.
For over 50 years, Pitt Street's famed organist, Miss Lilian Frost, delighted capacity audiences with her lunch-time recitals, which by 1945, had numbered over 1,000. Well-known for her preference for original works, including a substantial French repertoire, Lilian Frost was apparently well satisfied with the tonal and mechanical resources of the organ, the only addition being the Vox Humana and tremulant, almost certainly provided by Charles Richardson c. 1920. Later alterations included the provision of a concave/radiating pedalboard, the fitting of balanced swell pedals and the enclosure of the choir division.
During the 1960s the organ and church were allowed to fall into disrepair, but the loss of the building altogether was prevented by a ban imposed by the Builders' Labourers' Federation in 1973. Some basic work to bring the organ back into use was carried out in 1974 by Pitchford & Garside: in 1982 the firm commenced a staged restoration project with Kelvin Hastie as consultant and this was assisted by a NSW Heritage Grant. The prepared-for stops were added by the firm between 1987 and 1996 based upon Hill models, a generous donation by a member of the congregation enabling this to occur. The instrument today is remarkably intact, with the original mechanisms preserved in their entirety and the open metal chorus work retaining cone tuning throughout.
 Philip Cox and Clive Lucas, Australian Colonial Architecture (East Melbourne: Lansdowne Editions, 1978), 208, 210, and Morton Herman, The Early Australian Architects and their Work. (Sydney: Angus and Robertson, 1954), 216-217.
 Graeme D. Rushworth, Historic Organs of New South Wales (Sydney: Hale & Iremonger, 1988), 72-3.
 Ibid., 144-45. The Rendall was sold to Charles Richardson who rebuilt it with tubular-pneumatic action, reduced its size and installed it in Mary Immaculate Catholic Church, Waverley in 1909. It was displaced by a Fincham organ in 1979.


text:
Link: 16X9 cancelled, Liza Fromer contract not renewed amid changes at Global News
June 28, 2016 Greg David	2 Comments
From Global News:
Global News also announced that The Morning Show host Liza Fromer's contract would not be renewed after it expires at the end of June. Fromer was a key figure on The Morning Show since its inception in 2011 and her role, along with a number of others across the Global News network, has been impacted as a result of the changing and highly competitive media landscape in Canada. Continue reading.
16x9Global NewsLiza FromerThe Morning Show
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2 thoughts on "Link: 16X9 cancelled, Liza Fromer contract not renewed amid changes at Global News"
Sheila Long says:
I missed Liza Fromer on The Morning Show, wondered where she was. Will she be back?
Greg David says:
No, Liza won't be back on The Morning Show. Her contract was not renewed.


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Richard Prosl
PROSL, Richard Hale, "Dick", of Williamsburg, passed away peacefully on February 14th, 2021. He is survived by his beloved wife of 57 years, Carol Lovell Prosl, and daughters, Elizabeth P. Arnold (Jeff) of Brentwood, TN, Karen P. Firestone (Rob) of Midlothian, VA, and grandchildren, Caitlyn, Kyle, and Hayley. He is also survived by his sisters, Janet Ragland (Ron) of Richmond, VA, and Nancy Mader (Fred) of Staunton, VA. His parents, Harry and Verna Prosl predeceased him.
Richard was born in Springfield, MA on April 21st, 1938. Richard attended the College of William of Mary (class of '59). He received his B.S. from William and Mary, a B.A. and M.A. from Oxford University (England) and his M.S. and Ph.D. from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.
Richard H. Prosl joined the faculty of the College of William and Mary in 1966 as a professor of Mathematics. In the fall of 1984, Professor Prosl joined with other mathematicians and computer scientists to form the Department of Computer Science, which he chaired for many years. Professor Prosl was best known by his colleagues for his truly outstanding record of service to his alma mater. He served as a freshman/sophomore advisor for thirty-four years and as a Faculty Marshal for thirty-five years, the last eleven as Chief Marshal; leading academic processions at graduations and other official ceremonies.
His enthusiasm for teaching was central to his career. He is best remembered by his students for his course in computer graphics. Students always enjoyed his sense of humor and style of teaching. His Monday, Wednesday, Friday, 8am classes were always a "full house". He is remembered for always taking the time to talk with students, and he shared a genuine interest in making meaningful connections. Dick also served on the Board of the Wesley Foundation of the College of William and Mary.
In his personal and professional life, Dick was known for his warmth, wit and intellect.
In lieu of flowers, contributions can be made to the Respite Care Program at Williamsburg United Methodist Church (WUMC Respite, 500 Jamestown Rd., Williamsburg, VA), or to the Fund for William and Mary (giving.wm.edu).
GORDON BERRY says:
I was so sorry to read about the passing of Dick a year and a half ago - in this year's University College Oxford "Record". My commiserations to his family on his passing. He was a good friend while we were both "young guys" at Oxford 1959-1962. I remember him as being an unexpectedly thoughtful and rational American (having a then typical English ignorant view of "Yankees). Dick rowed in several boat races for the Univ Boat Club in which I was the cox - generally not too successful). Since I was its secretary at that time, I still have several photos including Dick during out time on the Isis River. I would be happy to send copies of these photos to his widow Carol or a family member. I presently live in Chicago, having retired from the University of Notre Dame several years ago. You can best contact me at [email protected]
Uncle Tony & Aunt Katharine lit a candle:
S. R. Zubkoff says:
Carol, i'm sorry, i just read about your loss. I hope you are managing ok.
Richard and Carole Summerville says:
Thinking of you and sending condolences. Wishing comfort and wonderful memories to the Prosl family.
Olivier Anslijn says:
Sincere condolences. I join you in thought and in prayer from all my heart.


text:
In this chapter, we shall review the GH/IGF-1, HPG, and HPA axes, initially focusing on developmental changes that occur as a child ages and matures and then moving to a discussion of the effects of exercise on these systems. We shall then review our current understanding of factors influencing energy balance in the individual, particularly the factors controlling food intake, hunger, and satiety in the exercising adolescent. Finally, we shall discuss the interplay between neuroendocrine mechanisms regulating energy balance and maturation of the HPG axis.
Although there is a large amount of data on these systems in normal individuals and a significant amount in athletes, there are not many data specific to gymnasts. We shall cover these where available.
Hypothalamic-pituitary axes
GH/IGF-1 axis
GH is produced in the somatotropes of the anterior pituitary gland under the control of two hypothalamic regulatory hormones, GH releasing hormone (GHRH) and somatostatin, with GHRH stimulating production and somatostatin inhibiting it (Figure 3.2). Once released, circulating GH interacts with its receptors on the cell membranes of GH-responsive tissues. In the liver, GH stimulates secretion of IGF-1 from hepatocytes, resulting in the majority of circulating IGF-1. Additional IGF-1 is produced locally within many tissues. Both circulating and locally produced IGF-1 are anabolic, acting through the IGF-1 receptor on many different tissues to increase cell growth, inhibit cell death, and promote cellular differentiation. GH also stimulates secretion of IGF-2, which is thought to be mainly related to fetal growth and perhaps tissue repair. GH also has direct effects independent of IGF-1 and IGF-2. Acting through the GH receptor, GH stimulates cartilage growth and differentiation and promotes bone growth, increases lipolysis in adipose tissue, and stimulates amino acid uptake in muscle. IGF-1 acts in a negative feedback fashion to decrease pituitary GH release. Additionally, many neurotransmitters and neuropeptides also play roles in GH production, many of which are also active in regulating other endocrine axes, the hypothalamic stress response, and energy intake. An example of this is ghrelin, a peptide produced in the stomach that has potent orexigenic (appetite stimulating) properties. Although the physiologic relevance of this is unclear, ghrelin also acts to increase GH secretion (see Section "Neuroendocrine regulation of appetite/satiety"). In boys, GH secretion increases during mid-puberty, and the mean daily GH concentration correlates with growth rate (Figure 3.3). Exercise also influences the GH/IGF-1 axis. In gymnastics, initiation of intense exercise may reduce circulating IGF-1, possibly through the effect of higher levels of inflammatory cytokines. Prolongation of the exercise results in recovery of IGF-1 levels, possibly related to a decline in inflammation. These levels potentially reach concentrations above baseline.
Figure 3.2 Regulation of growth hormone (GH) secretion occurs via the positive effects of GH releasing hormone (GHRH) and the negative effects of somatostatin. GH leads to target tissue release of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), which provides regulatory control via its effects on GHRH and somatostatin release.
Figure 3.3 Results from Martha et al. (1989) of a cross-sectional study of growth hormone (GH) secretion in healthy males of normal stature. The mean 24-hour GH concentration increased in late puberty and then declines into adulthood. Superimposed is the standard height velocity curve for this age range, showing the relationship of GH secretion to linear growth rate. (Copyright 1989, The Endocrine Society.)
Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis
Perhaps more than any other endocrine axis, the HPG axis changes dramatically over the lifespan. In a reproductively mature individual, gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) is produced in the hypothalamus and secreted into the hypothalamic-pituitary portal system in a pulsatile fashion. Control of GnRH secretion is poorly understood, but involves numerous inputs communicating nutritional status, physical and emotional stress, and other factors (see Section "HPG axis in adolescence"). In the pituitary gland, the pulsatile effect of GnRH promotes synthesis and secretion of the gonadotropins, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). In the male, LH promotes testosterone production from testicular Leydig cells, and FSH increases Sertoli cell and seminiferous tubule growth and leads to increased testicular volume. In the female, estrogens, primarily estradiol, promote breast development, changes in distribution of adipose tissue, and cause proliferation of the endometrium. The physical changes of puberty are assessed using the Tanner stages of pubertal maturation (Table 3.1). Testosterone causes the well-known increases in muscle mass and strength in addition to normal male pubertal development. In the mature female, LH and FSH have complex and variable effects that lead to estrogen secretion and ovulation. In general, the sex steroids (estrogens and testosterone) act via negative feedback effects to suppress gonadotropins, particularly LH. The exception to this is the transient positive feedback effect of estradiol that causes a surge in LH production and triggers ovulation in the mid-portion of the menstrual cycle. Testicular Sertoli cells and ovarian granulocytes secrete inhibins, a class of hormones that act centrally to suppress FSH secretion (Figure 3.4).
Figure 3.4 Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis in males (left) and females (right). Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulates pituitary release of the gonadotropins [luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)]. LH is the primary stimulus for testicular testosterone secretion, while both FSH and LH are required for normal ovarian estradiol production. In males, testosterone provides negative feedback for LH secretion, while inhibin suppresses FSH release. The situation in females is more complicated, as estradiol can inhibit GnRH release, but can also provide positive feedback during the mid-point of the menstrual cycle.
Table 3.1 Tanner stages of pubertal maturation.
Breast development in females
Prepubertal
Breast budding, elevation of both breast and nipple as a small mound
Continued enlargement of both breast and areola without separation of their contours
The areola and nipple form a secondary mound projecting above the contour of the breast
Adult shape, areola and nipple recessed to the contour of the breast
Pubic hair development in males and females
Sparse growth of long, lightly pigmented hairs at the base of the penis in males or the mons veneris/labia majora in females
Additional darkening and coarsening of hair, spreading over the pubic symphysis
Adult in character but has not spread to the lower abdomen in males or to the medial surface of the thighs in males and females
Adult in distribution, extension to the lower abdomen in males and/or the medial surface of the thighs in males and females
Genital development in males
Enlargement of the testes and scrotum, thinning and reddening of the scrotal skin, penis remains prepubertal
Further growth of testes and scrotum, enlargement of the penis in length and width
Further growth of testes and scrotum with pigmentation of the scrotal skin, further enlargement of the penis with maturation of the glans
Testes, scrotum, and penis are adult in size and shape
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
Cortisol is a naturally occurring corticosteroid (glucocorticoid) that has wide-reaching and complex actions that influence nutrition and energy distribution, immune function, and growth. It is the product of the adrenal cortex and is produced under the trophic influence of pituitary-derived adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). ACTH production is stimulated by hypothalamic CRH and vasopressin. As is the case for the GH/IGF-1 and HPG axes, the HPA axis also receives many other inputs, including the light/dark cycle, feeding schedules, immune regulation, and many neurotransmitters that mediate the effects of exercise and physical and psychic stress.
Hypothalamic-pituitary function in childhood
As discussed in the preceding section, hypothalamic-pituitary function varies over the lifespan. In utero, GH is relatively unimportant, as evidenced by individuals with Laron dwarfism caused by loss of the GH receptor. Such infants are within 10% of normal size at birth and only begin to demonstrate growth failure in the first few months after birth. However, IGF-1 and IGF-2 are critical for fetal growth, as is insulin. During infancy and childhood, IGF-2 seems to be less important, although IGF-1, insulin, and thyroid hormone become critical for growth. In the male fetus, testosterone plays a critical role in the development of normal male internal and external genitalia and likely has effects to "masculinize" the brain and lead to male-typical behavior patterns. Sex steroids in the female fetus do not appear to be involved in physical development, although in both males and females, the transient surge of sex steroids in the first 6 months after birth ("minipuberty of infancy") may play roles in later gonadal function. Neither estradiol nor testosterone is produced in large amounts during later infancy or childhood.
Between the age of about 3 years and the onset of puberty, linear growth continues at a relatively constant velocity (see Chapter 2) under the continuing influence of the GH/IGF and thyroid axes. The HPG axis, which had been active at a low level for approximately 6 months in boys and as long as 2 years in girls, remains quite suppressed until the onset of puberty (see Section "HPG axis in adolescence"). However, the HPA axis changes its activity usually between the ages of 6 and 8 years. There are no differences in the secretion of ACTH or cortisol or the salt-retaining hormone, aldosterone; however, the inner zone of the adrenal cortex (zona reticularis) begins to increase in size in both sexes and to secrete the adrenal androgen precursors, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfate (DHEA-S), and androstenedione. This zone continues to proliferate, and the levels of these androgen precursors increase until late adolescence/young adulthood, likely under the influence of a pituitary factor distinct from ACTH. These morphological and biochemical changes are translated into a low magnitude and quite variable mid-childhood (~8 years old) growth spurt and the outward signs of adrenarche: pubic and axillary hair and axillary sweating ("pubarche").
The GH/IGF-1 system remains pulsatile throughout this period of growth and likely reflects the level and distribution of body fat and lean body mass, only to show a remarkable augmentation as very early pubertal maturation ensues (see Section "GH/IGF-1 axis in adolescence").
During this time between the "minipuberty" of infancy and the onset of puberty, the HPG axis is active at very low circulating concentrations of gonadotropins and sex steroid hormones. This state is likely due to the exquisite sensitivity of the GnRH-secreting neurons to feedback from the minute (compared to pubertal) levels of the sex steroid hormones. As puberty unfolds, this sensitivity to negative feedback lessens and the hypothalamus and pituitary begin to secrete GnRH and gonadotropins, respectively—at first at night and then during the day as well (see Section "HPG axis in adolescence"). This altered HPG activity underlies the physical changes of pubertal maturation.
Effects of physical activity on the endocrine system in prepubertal children
Physical activity (PA) refers to any body movement produced by the skeletal muscle that results in a substantial increase over resting energy expenditure. It has historically been viewed as important for healthy growth, but the type, frequency, intensity and duration required to support growth are not known with certainty. Nutrition (and energy balance) is presumably the non-pituitary, non-sex-steroid-mediated mechanism that surveys the "size" of the child and signals that an adequate supply of energy is available to promote and sustain the processes of growth and maturation.
Three maturity indicators have been used in studies of young athletes—(1) skeletal age (SA), (2) secondary sexual characteristics, and (3) the adolescent growth spurt in height. Among these, the SA is the only one appropriate for the prepubertal child or for longitudinal studies beginning prepubertally and finishing during or after pubertal maturation.
Few data are available in athletes less than 10 years of age. Most data from boys note a spectrum including some with advanced or delayed SA compared to age-matched controls. After the age of 10–11 years and until mid- to late puberty, the male athletes who continued to participate were more likely to be skeletally advanced (Figure 3.5). Adolescent gymnasts were the single exception among male athletes, for they were likely to present with delayed SA.
Figure 3.5 Male competitive soccer players were more advanced in puberty and were taller than age-matched controls. In this cross-sectional study (Cacciari et al., 1990), 175 boys, aged 10–16 years, were compared to 224 boys who had never participated regularly in sports. The athletes were more advanced in all measures of pubertal maturation, including testicular volume. Testicular volume did not differ in prepubertal athletes and controls, but in pubertal subjects, mean testicular volume was 3 mL greater in athletes than controls, suggesting more rapid maturation in athletes. Bone age was more advanced, and the differences in height between athletes and controls did not persist when corrected for bone age. (With kind permission from Springer Science and Business Media.)
< div class='tao-gold-member'>
Energy needs and weight management for gymnasts
Menstrual health in the female athlete
Biomechanics related to injury
Gymnastics physiology
Skeletal health of gymnasts
Gymnastics injury prevention
Epidemiology of injury in gymnastics
Tags: Handbook of Sports Medicine and Science Gymnastics
Jul 18, 2016 | Posted by admin in SPORT MEDICINE | Comments Off on Endocrinology


At the helm of Higher Stakes Recordings are two well-established Drum and Bass aficionados, DJ Sly and Pacso. They wanted a site which reflected the Higher Stakes poker theme in its design whilst possessing a simple but well-organised structure to showcase artists, tracks, artwork, as well as to sell downloads and physical merchandise such as clothing.
The backdrop for the theme is an image of poker table material from which the colourful artwork of album releases and artist photography stand out well. The homepage also has a JQuery powered slider to highlight new events such as new music releases or forthcoming gigs. Below the slider are editable spaces to advertise certain parts of the site with image plates.
The lower part of the homepage is a grid-view section showing products that can be purchased through the shop. Albums and EP Cover Art leads to a separate Album/EP page which lists all the tracks with MP3 clip Preview Players. Each track can be purchased and downloaded individually (in MP3 and/or WAV formats) or customers can also purchase and download complete bundles. Clothing such as Hoodies and T-Shirts are also available to purchase with a selection of colours and sizes.


Are you struggling to come up with bathroom makeover ideas? Checkout this awesome diy bathroom makeover ideas on a budget for inspiration.
There are various reasons why homeowners remodel their bathrooms. Although there are lots of bathroom renovation ideas that you can choose depending on your budget, bathrooms are usually left out when doing a home makeover. But nowadays, homeowners want their bathroom to be more functional as well as a soothing milieu where they can loosen up after the affairs of the day.
A good start to renovate your bathroom is to list everything that does not please you in your bathroom. Then list all the features you want to add and the changes you want to be realized when remodeling starts. Discussed next are some useful and practical bathroom makeover ideas about how to renovate your bathroom.
When it comes to small bathtubs, there are more choices than you think. Just because you compromise the size does not mean that you are compromising the luxury. Japanese soaking tubs, space savers, and custom tubs are all great options for a small bathroom makeover.
Japanese soaking tubs. Also known as an ofuro, this small bathtub has more depth than length, therefore taking up less floor space. As the name implies, it is made for soaking and relaxation.
Space saver tubs. This type of small bathtub was created for the purpose of taking up less room. A corner model is the most popular option in this category since it does not take up an entire wall. Like traditional tubs, this type can be equipped with luxury features including massaging whirlpool jets.
Custom tubs. A newer and often more expensive idea for small bathroom makeovers is having a bathtub made to your specifications and include any spa features you desire.
The vanity is frequently one of the main furnishing in the bathroom providing a bigger impact, and often is the centerpiece of a bathroom. These days, couples need some space on their own and they are frequently in the bathroom almost at the same time hence homeowners may install two vanities so that one may continue what he is doing without encumbering the other. The vanity aside from being a functional item in the daily grooming process may come in a wide variety of forms. Most bathroom vanity furnishings are made of natural wood but a large number of fashionable vanities are made of stainless steel or wrought iron frame into which a vessel sink may be attached.
Tackling the walls is one of the clear-cut means to freshen up any rooms. A fresh coat of paint on the walls and ceilings may yield a fabulous result. This is true even in small spaced bathrooms. The standard bathroom does not need lots of wall space hence your treatment can have a larger brunt in any other space. It will also take a little bit of time to conclude. Pick out colors, patterns, and textures that call to mind the theme you want to achieve. Do not be afraid to experiment to get the look you want to capture with such a relatively small space and low-cost materials.
The bathroom tap is the hub of the whole bathroom and ought to be one of the chief concerns when remodeling. If your faucet is outdated, now is the time to replace it with something new. It can be awfully exasperating to have bathroom faucet that leaks. Faucets are now available in various styles and finishes which are both fashionable and functional. The bathroom sink maybe replaced also to really smarten up the look. Pedestal and sinks are easy to change and can make an instant development.
New bathroom lighting can replenish the appearance of your bathroom while ensuring safety when you are inside. Take into account that when you utilize this room for your everyday preparations, adequate lighting is very essential. Install lighting above you head or light on top of the mirror for comfort and expediency. Install two to four bulb fixtures to sufficiently light the mirror area. Add flexible lighting fixtures where you can turn it up while getting ready during the day and turn them down at nighttime for a faint lighting while taking a hot bath or shower.
Bathrooms have acquired a significant repute in our households aside from being functional. They are now as appealing and enhancing as any other rooms in our household. Chances are you won't be able to put your home on the market if your bathroom does not look good. Remodeling a bathroom will augment your home's dollar value, and this is one of the home enhancements that are considered a good investment.
Did you enjoy reading bathroom makeover ideas on a budget post? Share it on facebook and pinterest.


text:
Morning Update: Twitter switches favourite for 'like'; Vice gets cable channel; John Stewart's HBO deal
by Alex Hayes
You can say a lot with a heart. Introducing a new way to show how you feel on Twitter: https://t.co/WKBEmORXNW pic.twitter.com/G4ZGe0rDTP
— Twitter (@twitter) November 3, 2015
AdWeek: Twitter Mimics Facebook by Changing Favorites to Likes
Twitter wants users to show their appreciation for tweets more often, so today it replaced the "favorite" button with a "like" button in the shape of a heart. The San Francisco company said it thought the old button—which appeared as a star icon—was too confusing.
Regular social media users will recognize the like as a Facebook move and the heart symbol as the way to show appreciation on Instagram. So when Twitter's product manager Akarshan Kumar wrote that "we'll be calling them likes" in his blog post without acknowledging the term exists elsewhere on the Web, we can probably assume it was done with at least a little tongue-in-cheek humor in mind. (Otherwise, it's akin to someone saying, "I am a fan of this band. You may have heard of them—they're called the Rolling Stones.")
But to be fair, social media platforms effectively copy one another quite often. For instance, Facebook mimicked Twitter in early 2014 by creating a Trending section on its platform. More recently, Facebook debuted Place Tips, which some saw was an answer to Snapchat's Live Stories.
Mumbrella Asia: Batey aims to reclaim Indian music from Bollywood with #NotSoFilmy campaign for Vivo
Once legendary advertising agency Batey, which was described in a press release today as "Grey Group's sub-unit," has launched a new campaign for hi-fi music smartphone brand Vivo in India that aims to reclaim music from Bollywood.
The #NotSoFilmy campaign began with a challenge on social media involving three Indie musicians, Uday Benegal, Monica Dogra and Prateek Kuhad. The trio composed an original song for Diwali while engaging with fans on Twitter about what defines real Indian music.
The Guardian: Jon Stewart's HBO streaming deal is a sign of the times
The announcement that Jon Stewart would be joining HBO might seem a little shocking at first. After all, the subscription service already has its own version of Stewart: former Daily Show correspondent John Oliver's Last Week Tonight. It also has Bill Maher doing his weekly comedic take on politics and they just spent millions hiring Bill Simmons to do his own talk show after ESPN failed to renew his contract and eventually shut down Grantland.
But if you look at the trends of the television industry, it shouldn't be much of a surprise, especially when you look at the details of the deal as HBO reported it. Stewart isn't going to have his own talk show to compete against all of these other extremely competent (straight, white) men. Instead he's going to be making short, topical works for HBO Go and HBO Now, the channel's streaming services (the latter available without even needing a cable subscription). The content won't appear on the linear service at all. The competition for A-list stars to make the leap away from television as they know it is getting quite fierce.
Adage: Vice CEO Says New Viceland Cable Channel Will 'Re-Imagine' the TV Commercial
A&E Networks, co-owned by Walt Disney Co. and Hearst Corp., is forming a cable network with Vice Media called Viceland, letting the upstart video company air TV shows about gay culture, marijuana and music.
The channel, previously A&E Networks' H2, will start in early 2016 and reach 70 million homes, the companies said Tuesday in a statement. Vice, led by co-founder Shane Smith, will supply the programming, while A&E Television Networks LLC oversees technical operations. Financial terms weren't disclosed.
"This network is the next step in the evolution of our brand and the first step in our global roll-out of networks around the world," Mr. Smith said in a statement. He added that Vice will "test new and innovative monetization strategies" but did not offer specifics other than that Vice will work with brands "to re-imagine the nature of the television commercial."
DigiDay: The agency view: Can The Sun make a free digital model work?
At a time when most publishers are turning to paywalls, The Sun is going in the opposite direction, abandoning its paywall to cast its lot with the rocky and difficult digital advertising world.
Later this month Britain's best-selling newspaper will go free, a decision made soon after Rebekah Brooks returned as CEO of parent News Corp's U.K. newspapers. She told staff the title will become "predominantly free" from the end of the month, with a sprinkling of paid features such as its fantasy football game Dream Team.
The bold move faces several hurdles, according to media buyers.
Alex Hayes
Alex Hayes worked for Mumbrella from 2013 to 2017 in roles including editor and head of Mumbrella Bespoke.
topics ChangeHBOlikesTwitter


"Begin Again" is a song recorded by American recording artist Taylor Swift. It was written by Swift. Initially released as a promotional single on September 25, 2012 by Big Machine Records, the song served as the second single from Swift's fourth studio album Red. Track was generally acclaimed by music critics, many of whom complimented Swift for coming back to her country roots. The lyrical content finds Swift falling in love again, after a failed relationship. The song generally was commercially successful, peaking at number seven and four respectively on the Billboard Hot 100 and Canadian Hot 100. It also charted in the UK, New Zealand, Ireland, Spain, and Australia.
The song is rumored to be inspired by Taylor's relationship with Conor Kennedy.
Swift quipped that the song is "about when you've gotten through a really bad relationship and you finally dust yourself off and go on that first date after a horrible breakup, and the vulnerability that goes along with all that". She previewed it on Good Morning America on September 24, 2012, and was released digitally on iTunes the next day, September 25. The song initially served as a promotional single, the first of four tracks to be released during the four weeks preceding the release of her fourth studio album Red. It was later announced that the song would be the second single from Red. An individually numbered CD single was released on October 23, 2012 exclusively to Amazon.com and Swift's official store.
Hidden Message: I wear heels now.
The story comes full circle for Swift, ending with a song that finds the singer more confident than ever. The last few songs leave one feeling jubilant about the idea of love that is squashed so thoroughly early on the album. Is this song also about finding Conor? It would seem so.
23 second sample from Taylor Swift's "Begin Again".
"Begin Again" is a country song of three minutes and fifty eight seconds.The song was written by Taylor Swift and the producers was Dann Huff and Nathan Chapman.Musically, "Begin Again" is written in the key of G Major, with a tempo of 76 beats per minute Moderately slow.Swift's vocals span from D3 to B4.
The song was generally critically acclaimed by music critics, many of whom praised Swift's songwriting. Writing for Taste of Country, Billy Dukes gave the song a four star rating out of five, describing it as "a cleansing breath that hopefully foreshadows the true tone of her album". Grady Smith of Entertainment Weekly wrote the song is "a well-crafted love story" and noted Swift's talent "at taking a single moment in time and letting it unfold like a pop-up storybook." Jessica Sager of Popcrush gave the song 4 out of 5 stars, saying that "Swift paints a vivid picture of a first date following a rough breakup in 'Begin Again' — and she sounds like a young woman...She's not settling, whether in her love life or her studio sessions. And for that, Taylor Swift, we salute you." Matt Bjorke gave four out of five stars too for Roughstock, complimenting that "The song is a vast improvement for Taylor. A ballad that's neither in-your-face or sounding like its from a twelve year old".
The Boot noted that the story Swift painted was "sweet" and it's a "beautiful ballad". Justin Proper of Under The Gun Review praised Swift for knowing "how to keep her core audience happy, and that is exactly what "Begin Again" accomplishes.", also saying that the song gave him a "sensation of relief". MuchMusic lauded Swift, stating "while she is more than capable of releasing the carefree, jump-around-your-room-with-a-hairbrush break up songs like "We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together," she also has the pen of a poet and knows how to craft emotionally gut-wrenching songs that speak to her millions of fans." However, Kevin John Coyne of Country Universe gave a mixed review, giving the song a grade "B". He lamented how Swift's songs never leave the topic of boys, saying "as Swift continues to grow older, it's becoming more troublesome that her sense of self-worth and happiness is always inextricably linked to whatever man is currently the object of her affection."
The American pop singer Katy Perry told Billboard that the song "Begin Again" by Taylor Swift is one of her favorites of 2012: "I love the new song from Taylor Swift, Begin Again, it hit me. 'On a Wednesday in the cafe, I watched it begin again' I love this verse. "
The Song also attained a moderately success worldwide, "Begin Again" became Swift's sixth top five hit on the Canadian Hot 100, debuting and peaking number 4.In United Kingdom peaking and debuting number 30, giving Swift second 30th peaked on chart after doing it on Mine on the week ending of October 30, 2010.In New Zealand the song reached number 11.In Ireland the song reached number 25.In Spain the song reached number 30.
The music video for "Begin Again" began filming on September 30, 2012 in Paris. It was directed by Philip Andelman, who previously directed Swift in the "Safe & Sound" music video. The official music video premiered on Swift's VEVO account on October 23, 2012, two days after the Red album was released. Swift described the video as a "love letter to Paris." She said about the filming of the video and added, "It's just the city and this story line of somebody moving on and finding yourself again."
The video starts with Swift standing on a bridge while pensively gazing across the water and remembering a lost love. She then takes a walk on a dock wearing a Red dress with white flower appliques and blue peep toes and sits beside a lake. The video draws comparison to that of singer Adele's video "Someone Like You" and Swift's "Back to December" (only much happier). She then rides a bicycle, wearing a blue and white floral skirt with white cat flats with sun glasses on and bikes down a Cobblestone street. She goes shopping and tries on new clothes, which is inter spliced with shots of Swift talking (singing) to a man. At a cafe while sipping cappuccino her attention is brought to a French man to whom she was talking earlier. He starts taking snapshots of her with a new Leica M camera. They then have a bitter-sweet conversation, laughing and giggling at each other. The following clips shows Swift sitting at a park and sampling pastries. They also show Swift walking by the Seine. The clip ends with the two walking side-by-side, as Swift allows herself to "begin again."
Entertainment Weekly thought the video was "another classic bittersweet Swift joint," writing: "Though her boyfriend doesn't laugh at her jokes and bores her with stories about his family's Christmas movie-watching traditions, she finds the ultimate salve: Wandering through the streets of Paris, chuckling with handsome dudes in a café (and probably snacking on snails or something) It's a lovely clip, but a little bit sleepy. Also, there's something about it that recalls 'Back to December' — is it the color palette, or just the general moodiness?".
Credits and personnel adapted from album liner notes.
↑ "Taylor Swift's New Single "Begin Again" Impacts Country Radio October 1, Available Now On iTunes". Country Music Rockst. September 25, 2012. http://www.countrymusicrocks.net/2012/09/taylor-swifts-new-single-begin-again-impacts-country-radio-october-1-availble-now-on-itunes.html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=taylor-swifts-new-single-begin-again-impacts-country-radio-october-1-availble-now-on-itunes. Retrieved September 25, 2012.
↑ "Taylor Swift 'Begin Again' Lyrics Tell Sweet Story of First Date". The Boot. September 25, 2012. http://www.theboot.com/2012/09/25/taylor-swift-begin-again-lyrics/. Retrieved September 25, 2012.
↑ "Taylor Swift's 'Begin Again' Previewed On 'Good Morning America' [UPDATE"]. The Huffington Post. Aol, Inc. September 24, 2012. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/09/24/taylor-swift-begin-again_n_1909027.html. Retrieved September 25, 2012.
↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 "Begin Again - Single by Taylor Swift". Template:Noitalic. Apple, Inc. http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/begin-again-single/id564931599. Retrieved September 25, 2012.
↑ Williott, Carl (September 21, 2012). "Taylor Swift's 'Red' Nabs Countdown Campaign With iTunes & 'Good Morning America'". Idolator. Buzz Media. http://idolator.com/6927062/taylor-swift-red-countdown-itunes-good-morning-america. Retrieved September 25, 2012.
↑ 6.0 6.1 "LIMITED EDITION "Begin Again" Single CD". Amazon.com (US) Amazon, Inc. http://www.amazon.com/LIMITED-Begin-Again-Single-CD/dp/B009YJ93X8/. Retrieved 2012-12-13.
↑ 7.0 7.1 "LIMITED EDITION "Begin Again" Single CD". Template:Noitalics. Amazon.com (US) Amazon, Inc. Archived from the original on 2012-12-19. http://www.webcitation.org/6D2DjuwAg. Retrieved 2012-12-19.
↑ Dukes, Billy (September 25, 2012). "Taylor Swift, 'Begin Again' – Song Review". Taste of Country. http://tasteofcountry.com/taylor-swift-begin-again/. Retrieved September 25, 2012.
↑ Smith, Grady (September 25, 2012). "Taylor Swift's new track 'Begin Again' isn't a break-up song". Entertainment Weekly. Time Inc. http://music-mix.ew.com/2012/09/25/taylor-swift-begin-again/. Retrieved September 25, 2012.
↑ Sager, Jessica (September 25, 2012). "TAYLOR SWIFT, 'BEGIN AGAIN' – SONG REVIEW". Popcrush. http://popcrush.com/taylor-swift-begin-again//. Retrieved September 25, 2012.
↑ Bjorke, Matt (September 25, 2012). "Single Review: Taylor Swift - Begin Again". Roughstock. http://www.roughstock.com/blog/single-review-taylor-swift-begin-again/. Retrieved September 25, 2012.
↑ Boot, The (September 25, 2012). "Taylor Swift 'Begin Again' Lyrics Tell Sweet Story of First Date". The Boot. http://www.theboot.com/2012/09/25/taylor-swift-begin-again-lyrics/. Retrieved September 25, 2012.
↑ Proper, Justin (September 25, 2012). "STREAM: TAYLOR SWIFT – BEGIN AGAIN". Under The Gun Review. http://www.underthegunreview.net/2012/09/25/stream-taylor-swift-begin-again/. Retrieved September 25, 2012.
↑ Music, Much (September 25, 2012). "TAYLOR SWIFT OPENS UP IN NEW SONG BEGIN AGAIN". MuchMusic Blog. http://blog.muchmusic.com/taylor-swift-opens-up-in-new-song-begin-again/?album=6&gallery=657. Retrieved September 25, 2012.
↑ John Coyne, Kevin (September 28, 2012). "Single Review: Taylor Swift, "Begin Again"". Country Universe. http://www.countryuniverse.net/2012/09/28/single-review-taylor-swift-begin-again/. Retrieved September 28, 2012.
↑ Copsey, Robert (October 1, 2012). "Psy 'Gangnam Style' tops Aussie singles chart". Digital Spy. Nat Mags. http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a409276/psy-gangnam-style-tops-aussie-singles-chart.html. Retrieved October 1, 2012.
↑ "Mumford & Sons, Green Day, No Doubt Debut at Nos. 1-3 on Billboard 200 Chart". Billboard. 2012-10-03. http://www.billboard.com/news/mumford-sons-green-day-no-doubt-debut-at-1007966352.story?utm_source=most_recent#/news/mumford-sons-green-day-no-doubt-debut-at-1007966352.story?utm_source=most_recent. Retrieved 2012-10-03.
↑ "PSY Can't Beat Maroon 5 In Close Race For Hot 100's Top Spot". Billboard. 2012-10-03. http://www.billboard.com/news/psy-can-t-beat-maroon-5-in-close-race-for-1007966592.story?utm_source=most_recent#/news/psy-can-t-beat-maroon-5-in-close-race-for-1007966592.story?utm_source=most_recent. Retrieved 2012-10-03.
↑ "Photos: "Begin Again" Music Video Set". October 1, 2012. http://tay-swift.com/photos-begin-again-music-video-set/. Retrieved October 1, 2012.
↑ "Taylor Swift (taylorswift13) on Twitter". October 1, 2012. https://twitter.com/taylorswift13/status/252623315682881536. Retrieved October 1, 2012.
↑ "Taylor Swift : Begin Again". CMT. Viacom. http://www.cmt.com/videos/taylor-swift/846410/begin-again.jhtml. Retrieved October 31, 2012.
↑ "Swift debuts her second video of Red". Billboard. 2012-11-25. http://www.billboard.com/news/taylor-swift-decides-to-begin-again-in-paris-1007988602.story. Retrieved 2012-11-25.
↑ "Entertainment weekly thought the video as lovely". 2012-11-05. http://idolator.com/7218672/taylor-swift-begin-again-video-review-revue.
↑ (2012) Album notes for Begin Again by Taylor Swift [[[CD single]]]. Big Machine Records (4393000739).
↑ Borchetta, Scott (2012). "Liner notes", p. 18. Album notes for Red by Taylor Swift. Nashville: Big Machine Records.
↑ "Australian-charts.com - Taylor Swift - Begin Again". ARIA Top 50 Singles. Hung Medien. Retrieved 2012-10-08.
↑ "Template:BillboardID?f=793&g=Singles Taylor Swift Album & Song Chart History" Canadian Hot 100 for Taylor Swift. Nielsen Business Media. Retrieved 2012-10-01.
↑ "Chart Track". Irish Singles Chart. GfK. Retrieved 2012-10-08.
↑ "Charts.org.nz - Taylor Swift - Begin Again". Top 40 Singles. Hung Medien. Retrieved 2012-10-08.
↑ "Spanishcharts.com - Taylor Swift - Begin Again" Canciones Top 50. Hung Medien. Retrieved 2012-10-08.
↑ "Template:BillboardID?f=379&g=Singles Taylor Swift Album & Song Chart History" Billboard Hot 100 for Taylor Swift. Nielsen Business Media. Retrieved 2012-10-03.
↑ "Template:BillboardID?f=395&g=Singles Taylor Swift Album & Song Chart History" Billboard Digital Songs for Taylor Swift. Nielsen Business Media. Retrieved 2012-10-01.
↑ "Template:BillboardID?f=357&g=Singles Taylor Swift Album & Song Chart History" Billboard Country Songs for Taylor Swift. Nielsen Business Media. Retrieved 2012-10-01.
↑ "Best of 2012: Country Songs". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. 2012. http://www.billboard.com/charts-year-end#/charts-year-end/hot-country-songs?year=2012. Retrieved December 14, 2012.


This guide provides instructions for re-installing the AirSleuth-Pro spectrum analyzer, WifiEagle channel analyzer, AirHORN channel/signal generator products — including the hardware drivers and application software.
Please read the preliminary comments below and then carefully follow the instructions. The order in which the operations are performed is important.
You will need administrative privileges in order to remove and re-install application and driver software on your computer. Please login to an account on your computer that includes "Administrator" rights before proceeding with the re-installation.
Do not attempt to replace the original driver supplied with the product with a replacement that has been downloaded from the Internet – it will not work. Furthermore, Windows registers and caches drivers and associates them with a particular device. So, once the wrong driver has been associated with the wireless device this must be undone before re-installation will succeed.
USB ports are known to go bad. Also, since USB wireless devices draw power from the USB port then a defective port may not supply sufficient power. If you are experiencing problems installing a USB wireless device then switch to a different USB port. Also, if you have another machine available, then it would be informative to learn whether the product can be successfully installed on a different machine.
Device Manager is a Computer Management tool that manages devices and their drivers. To launch Device Manager, from the Start menu right-click on 'Computer' and select 'Manage' – which launches the 'Computer Management Console'. On the left panel, under 'System Tools', select 'Device Manager'. After Device Manager opens then select 'Network adapters' in the middle panel. When this expands it will list all network adapters (both wired and wireless) currently attached to the machine.
a. Attach the wireless device (USB or PCMCIA) to the machine.
b. Go to Device Manager, and under Network Adapters find the wireless device in the list.
NOTE: If you are not sure which wireless device to select, then detach the AirSleuth/WifiEagle/AirHORN device from the machine and when the list refreshes one of the devices will be missing – this is the one you want. After the list refreshes then re-attach the device.
c. Select the device that will be uninstalled by Right-clicking and when the popup menu appears select 'Uninstall'. A dialog box then appears warning the device will be uninstalled and asking you to confirm this action. Windows Vista: Select the CheckBox to 'Delete the driver software for this device'. When uninstall completes then all drivers associated with this device should have been removed.
d. Detach the wireless device from the machine.
e. From Windows' Start Menu, find the application's folder in the list of programs and select its 'Uninstall' menu item. When 'Uninstall' has completed then the application and its support files should have been removed. Alternatively, from Control Panel use the 'Add or Remove Programs' applet to uninstall the application.
f. Using File Explorer (or rmdir /s from a CMD prompt) completely remove the installation folder. For example, if you installed AirSleuth-Pro using the default installation location, then you would remove the folder C:\Program Files\NutsAboutNets\AirSleuth.
g. Re-run the installation program and carefully follow the instructions in the Quick Installation Guide that accompanied the product. The latest version of the application software can be downloaded from www.NutsAboutNets.com. It is most important the setup program be run *before* attaching the wireless device. If the device were to be attached first then Windows will find a generic USB driver and associate that driver with the device – and the application will fail. By running the setup program first then the correct drivers are put in place such that when the device is subsequently attached for the first time then Windows will find our drivers first before looking for generic ones. In the event you need to manually update the drivers then use the ones that came with the product (e.g. \Program Files\NutsAboutNets\<application>\Drivers\…).
h. Re-attach the wireless device. Two information bubbles should appear – the first one reports 'Installing Device Driver Software', and the second includes the name of the device with the message 'Device driver software installed successfully'.
j. If that appears to go well, then return to Device Manager and verify the device is recognized and working. You should then be able to launch the application.
'Err_Init_NDIS_Failed: Failed to initialize NDIS protocol driver'. This occurs when the wrong software driver has been downloaded from the Internet (e.g. Atheros AR5007UG Wireless Network Adapter). Reinstalling the application by following the above procedure will fix the problem.


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Put a bisel (small amount) of Kosher Kurls Sulfate Free Shampoo in wet hair and schmooch into lather and rinse.
Follow up with a bisel (small amount) of Kosher Kurls Deep Everyday Conditioner on wet hair and schmooch it through. Let your hair kvell (enjoy) for this feeling and then rinse out.
Towel dry and then put a bisel (small amount) of Kosher Kurls Leave-In "Schmear" Conditioner in the palm of your hand while it is still wet and schmoosh, schmoosh, schmoosh it into your hair. Then when it is dry, turn your head over and shake, shake, shake!
Perfect for Men, Women, Children, Schitels (wigs) and Peyot!


Journal Of Digestive Diseases, 2008, v. 9 n. 2, p. 79-83 How to Cite?
Objective: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) induce gastroduodenal mucosal injury and are metabolized by cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9). It is postulated that CYP2C9 genotype is associated with NSAID-induced gastropathy. This study aims to determine whether individuals with a CYP2C9 allele mutation are susceptible to NSAID-induced gastropathy. Methods: A total of 109 patients diagnosed as having rheumatic diseases and taking NSAID were appraised as having gastropathy by endoscopy, stool occult blood test and questionnaire two weeks after entering the study. Their peripheral blood was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results: A total of 47.7% gastropathy (33% erosions, 14.7% ulcers, 2.75% ulcer bleeding) and 56% dyspeptic symptoms were presented. Only one CYP2C9*2 heterozygote (*1/*2) was found in the group with gastropathy and two variant alleles (CYP2C9*2 and CYP2C9*3) could not be found in the group without gastropathy. There was no significant difference in both CYP2C9 genotype (0.96% vs 0%) and CYP2C9 variant allele frequency (1.92% vs 0%) between patients with and without gastropathy. Conclusion: These results confirm the high prevalence of NSAID-induced gastropathy but do not support the postulation that CYP2C9*2 and CYP2C9*3 contribute to the development of NSAID-induced gastropathy. This may be due to the low frequency of the two alleles in the population studied. © 2008 The Authors Journal compilation © 2008 Chinese Medical Association Shanghai Branch, Chinese Society of Gastroenterology and Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.