text:
Coat of arms of the Royal Borough of Greenwich
London Borough of Greenwich
Upon a helm with a wreath argent and azure on waves barry wavy of four argent and azure a foul anchor or charged with a Tudor rose barbed and seeded proper.
Gules a cannon barrel erect palewise proper surmounted by a lion's face or between two hour glasses or a chief nebuly of one point upwards azure thereon a chief nebuly of one point upwards argent charged with two mullets azure.
On the dexter a representation of Zeus proper vested gules murally crowned and holding in the dexter hand a Hartmann astrolabe or and on the sinister a representation of Neptune proper vested azure crowned with a naval crown & holding in the sinister hand a trident or.
We Govern By Serving
Earlier version(s)
The coat of arms used between 1965 and 2012, with the following blazon: Per chevron Argent and Gules in chief an Hour Glass proper between two Estoiles Azure and in base three Cannon Barrels erect palewise proper each surmounted on the breech by a Lion's Face Or.
The coat of arms of the Royal Borough of Greenwich is the official heraldic arms of the Royal Borough of Greenwich. Arms were originally granted to this London borough in 1965 but these were replaced in 2012 with a new grant when the borough gained the epithet of "Royal Borough".
Original arms
2012 grant
Coats of arms of Metropolitan Boroughs of Woolwich (top) and Greenwich (bottom)
Arms were originally granted to the London Borough by letters patent dated 1 October 1965. [1] The hour glass and stars were taken from the arms of the Metropolitan Borough of Greenwich and symbolise the position of the borough as the place from which the standard of time is taken. The three cannon barrels, taken from the arms of the Metropolitan Borough of Woolwich, signify the association of that borough with the Royal Arsenal. [2] These are also the origin of the cannon in the crest of Arsenal F.C. [3]
New arms were granted to replace to borough on 3 January 2012, [4] as it was decided the borough was to become a royal borough that year. [5] Originally, the intention was that the borough would receive the royal epithet on 3 January, but this was postponed by one month to 3 February. [6] [7]
Although much of the 1965 design has been retained, the arms have been altered by the addition of a representation of the Thames. The two sixpointed radiated stars from the old arms were replaced by two fivepointed mullets, one hour glass became two and instead of three cannon barrels with a lion's head on each, there is now only one. In addition a crest and supporters were added to the arms: the crest comprises a Tudor Rose and a fouled anchor for royal and maritime connections. The supporters are two Roman gods: Jupiter (in Greek called Zeus, a name also used in the blazon) and Neptune (in Greek called Poseidon, but here the blazon uses the English cognate of the Latin name). According to the homepage of the borough, the supporters wear a mural crown and a naval crown respectively to represent the borough's historic associations with the British Army and Royal Navy; [8] normally, a mural crown is used in heraldry to represent the civil municipal authority of a town or city and is not connected to the military at all. Jupiter is holding an astrolab of a kind constructed by Georg Hartmann, clearly a symbol for the astronomical studies at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, while Neptune is holding his usual attribute of a trident.
The helmet is facing forwards, something which usually is reserved for royal arms. Special dispensation has been given to the royal borough for this use. The same is true for the Tudor rose in the crest, which also is marking the borough's long association with royalty. [9]
The motto, 'We govern by serving', has been retained from the old arms.
The symbols relate to the Royal Observatory, built in 1675 for the advancement of navigation and nautical astronomy.
The ship and anchor on the crest recall the close association with the Royal Navy since the old royal palace was converted to a seamen's hospital, now the Old Royal Naval College.
The Royal Borough of Greenwich is a London borough in southeast Greater London. The London Borough of Greenwich was formed in 1965 by the London Government Act 1963. The new borough covered the former area of the Metropolitan Borough of Greenwich and part of the Metropolitan Borough of Woolwich to the east. The local council is Greenwich London Borough Council which meets in Woolwich Town Hall. The council's offices are also based in Woolwich, the main urban centre in the borough.
The royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom, or the royal arms for short, is the arms of dominion of the British monarch, currently Queen Elizabeth II. These arms are used by the Queen in her official capacity as monarch of the United Kingdom. Variants of the royal arms are used by other members of the British royal family, by the British Government in connection with the administration and government of the country, and some courts and legislatures in a number of Commonwealth realms. A Scottish version of the royal arms is used in and for Scotland. The arms in banner form serve as basis for the monarch's official flag, the Royal Standard.
The royal arms of England are the arms first adopted in a fixed form at the start of the age of heraldry as personal arms by the Plantagenet kings who ruled England from 1154. In the popular mind they have come to symbolise the nation of England, although according to heraldic usage nations do not bear arms, only persons and corporations do. The blazon of the arms of Plantagenet is: Gules, three lions passant guardant in pale or armed and langued azure, signifying three identical gold lions with blue tongues and claws, walking past but facing the observer, arranged in a column on a red background. Although the tincture azure of tongue and claws is not cited in many blazons, they are historically a distinguishing feature of the arms of England. This coat, designed in the High Middle Ages, has been variously combined with those of the Kings of France, Scotland, a symbol of Ireland, the House of Nassau and the Kingdom of Hanover, according to dynastic and other political changes occurring in England, but has not altered since it took a fixed form in the reign of Richard I of England (1189–1199), the second Plantagenet king.
The coat of arms of Ireland is blazoned as Azure a harp Or, stringed Argent. These arms have long been Ireland's heraldic emblem. References to them as being the arms of the king of Ireland can be found as early as the 13th century. These arms were adopted by Henry VIII of England when he ended the period of Lordship of Ireland and declared Ireland to be a kingdom again in 1541. When the crowns of England, Scotland and Ireland were united in 1603, they were integrated into the unified royal coat of arms of kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ireland. The harp was adopted as the emblem of the Irish Free State when it separated from the United Kingdom in 1922. They were registered as the arms of Ireland with the Chief Herald of Ireland on 9 November 1945.
Rhondda was a local government district in the geographical area of the Rhondda Valley, south Wales.
The London County Council was granted a coat of arms in 1914 and a heraldic badge in 1956. The coat of arms can still be seen on buildings constructed by the council before its abolition in 1965.
The coat of arms of Kirklees Metropolitan Borough Council was granted on 24 June 1974. This was just a few months after the district of Kirklees was created as part of the new metropolitan county of West Yorkshire. It is rarely used by the Council who, until 2007, preferred to use a logo that is based upon the arms.
The Coat of arms of Bradford City Council was granted in 1976. The present City of Bradford was created in 1974 by the Local Government Act 1972 and is one of five metropolitan boroughs of West Yorkshire. The 1976 arms are based on those of its predecessor, the county borough of Bradford.
The coat of arms of Wigan Metropolitan Borough Council was granted by the College of Arms in 1974.
The coat of arms of Colchester is the arms and other insignia associated with the town and borough of Colchester, England.
Carlisle was, from 1835 to 1974, a local government district in the northwest of England, coterminate with Carlisle. In 1835, following the Municipal Corporations Act 1835, Carlisle was constituted a municipal borough of Cumberland, but was promoted to county borough status in 1914, within its boundaries taking over the functions of Cumberland County Council. The district was abolished on 31 March 1974 by the Local Government Act 1972.
Norwich City Council is the city council for the city of Norwich, Norfolk, England. It consists of 39 councillors, elected to represent 13 wards, each with three councillors. It is currently under Labour control and led by Alan Waters. It forms the lower tier of local government in Norwich, responsible for local services such as housing, planning, leisure and tourism.
The coat of arms of the City of London is the official coat of arms of the City of London, which is one of a number of cities and boroughs in Greater London.
The coat of arms of the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham is the official coat of arms of the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham, granted on 1 September 1965.
The coat of arms of the London Borough of Barnet is the official coat of arms of the London Borough of Barnet. It was granted on 1 January 1965.
The coat of arms of the London Borough of Camden were granted on 10 September 1965. The borough was formed by the merger of three former boroughs, namely the Metropolitan Borough of Hampstead, the Metropolitan Borough of Holborn and the Metropolitan Borough of St. Pancras, from whose arms elements were utilised in the arms of the new borough.
The coat of arms of the London Borough of Croydon is the official heraldic arms of the London Borough of Croydon, granted on 10 December 1965.
The coat of arms of the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham was granted to the then London Borough of Hammersmith on 1 March 1965, but the motto changed languages in 1969. The subsequent change of names to Hammersmith and Fulham on 1 January 1980 did not affect the arms.
The coat of arms of the London Borough of Haringey was granted on 10 May 1965, after the mergers of the former Municipal Borough of Hornsey, the Municipal Borough of Wood Green and the Municipal Borough of Tottenham. Unlike most other London boroughs, it was decided not to create arms based on the charges in the coats of arms of the former boroughs.
The coat of arms of the Prince of Wales is the official heraldic insignia of the Prince of Wales, a title traditionally granted to the heir apparent to the reigning monarch of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, formerly the Kingdom of Great Britain and before that the Kingdom of England.
↑ Briggs, Geoffrey (1971). Civic and Corporate Heraldry: A Dictionary of Impersonal Arms of England, Wales and Northern Ireland. London: Heraldry Today. pp. 184–185. ISBN 0-900455-21-7.
↑ Briggs, Geoffrey (1971). Civic and Corporate Heraldry: A Dictionary of Impersonal Arms of England, Wales and Northern Ireland. London: Heraldry Today. ISBN 0-900455-21-7.
↑ "The Crest". Arsenal F.C. Archived from the original on 12 August 2008. Retrieved 11 August 2008.
↑ "College of Arms September 2013 Newsletter (No. 36)". College of Arms . Retrieved 15 December 2013.
↑ "Greenwich to become Royal Borough". Greenwich Council. Archived from the original on 15 December 2013. Retrieved 15 December 2013.
↑ "Greenwich's royal borough bandwagon rolls from February". 853blog.com. Retrieved 17 December 2013.
↑ Rob Powell. "New coat of arms for Royal Greenwich revealed". Greenwich.co.uk. Retrieved 17 December 2013.
↑ "The borough's coat of arms and crest". Greenwich Council. Retrieved 16 January 2012.
↑ "The borough's coat of arms and crest". Greenwich Council. Retrieved 15 December 2013.
Royal Borough of Greenwich
Avery Hill
Coldharbour
Greenwich Peninsula/North Greenwich
Horn Park
Kidbrooke
Longlands
Maze Hill
Mottingham
New Charlton
New Eltham
Shooter's Hill
Thamesmead
Well Hall
Westcombe Park
The Bob Hope Theatre
Charlton House
Eltham Palace
Fan Museum
Greenwich Dance
Greenwich Heritage Centre
London Cable Car
formerly the Emirates Air Line
The O2 arena
formerly the Millennium Dome
Old Royal Naval College
Ranger's House
Severndroog Castle
St Alfege Church
Thames Barrier
Charlton Athletic F.C.
Street markets
Greenwich Market
Parks and open spaces
Avery Hill Park
Birdbrook Road Nature Reserve
Bostall Heath and Woods
Charlton cemetery
Charlton Park
Eaglesfield Park
East Greenwich Pleasaunce
Eltham Common
Eltham Park
Gilbert's Pit
Greenwich Cemetery
Greenwich Peninsula Ecology Park
Maryon Park
Maryon Wilson Park
Mycenae Gardens
Oxleas Wood
Shrewsbury Park
Sutcliffe Park
The Tarn
Winn's Common
Woolwich cemetery
Woolwich Common
Erith and Thamesmead
Greenwich and Woolwich
Greenwich foot tunnel
Woolwich foot tunnel
Rail stations
Deptford Bridge
Elverson Road (in LB of Lewisham)
Woolwich Arsenal
Grade I and II* listed buildings


A system of ownership that represents an equivalent percentage of a business's capital. It entitles its holder (the investor) to an equivalent claim on the business's revenues and an equivalent responsibility for the business's losses and financial obligations. 2 significant kinds of shares are (1) common shares (typical stock), which entitle the investor to share in the incomes of the business as when they take place, and to vote at the business's yearly basic conferences and other main conferences, and (2) choice shares (chosen stock) which entitle the investor to a repaired regular earnings (interest) however normally do not provide them ballot rights.
The overall par worth of all the shares a business is allowed to offer is called its authorized share capital. If a business has a history of excellent monetary efficiency, it can offer its shares at a cost greater than the face worth of the shares. If a business offers a share whose face worth is $1 at a rate of $2, the business makes a share premium of $1. When shares have unique rights, they are called favored shares, as opposed to 'typical' shares. On the other hand, choice shares make their holders just dividends, which are repaired, providing no ballot rights. Equity investors are considered the genuine owners of the business. When the shares are sold straight by the business for the very first time, they are used in the main market, whereas the trading of shares occurs in the secondary market.
The quantity of share capital a business reports on its balance sheet just represents the overall quantity preliminary paid by investors. Any distinction in between the subsequent and preliminary sales rates does not affect the business's share capital if those investors later on resell their shares on the secondary market. The term "share capital" is frequently utilized to indicate somewhat various things, depending upon the context. When going over the quantity of loan a business can lawfully raise through the sale of stock, there are really a number of classifications of share capital. Accounting professionals have a much narrower meaning. Licensed, Released and Paid Share Capital. The business should define the overall quantity of equity it desires to raise and the base worth of its shares, called the par worth. The overall par worth of all the shares a business is allowed to offer is called its authorized share capital.
Shares, frequently called stocks or shares of stock, represent the equity ownership of a corporation divided up into systems, so that several individuals can own a portion of a company. Numerous corporations tend to domicile and integrate in Delaware due to the fact that of the flexibility and unimportant reporting costs needed by the Delaware federal government. When shares have unique rights, they are called favored shares, as opposed to 'typical' shares. Typically, 'shares' and 'typical shares' are utilized interchangeably. Our group has experts with appropriate market experience, who are focused on assisting trainees with their research. We work on the essential of ASAP, which indicates Cost, Plagiarism totally free option, Schedule, and Professionalism.
Face worth of a share is its worth that is printed on the share certificate. If a business has a history of excellent monetary efficiency, it can offer its shares at a cost greater than the face worth of the shares. It is crucial to keep in mind that share premium occurs just when the "business" offers the shares. If a business offers a share whose face worth is $1 at a rate of $2, the business makes a share premium of $1. Consequently if the financier offers the exact same share to somebody else at a rate of $4, no share premium will be gotten by the business.


text:
El Moviment per l'Alliberament Nacional de Kamputxea, (en francès: Mouvement pour la Liberation Nationale du Kampuchea; en anglès: Movement for the National Liberation of Kampuchea); més conegut per les seves inicials en francès, MOULINAKA, va ser una organització militar cambodjana favorable al príncep Sihanouk, formada per una banda armada l'agost de 1979 a la frontera entre Tailàndia i Cambodja.

Història
El MOULINAKA va ser format el 31 d'agost de 1979 per Kong Sileah, un capità de l'armada durant el període de la República Khmer que havia estat a França, després de refusar l'oferta del general Dien Del d'unir-se a d'altres senyors de la guerra situats a la frontera per formar el Front d'Alliberament Nacional del Poble Khmer (FANPK). Sileah buscava una organització unida, enlloc d'un front, així com una estructura de comandament unificada. Es tracta del primer grup resistent en declarar la seva lleialtat al príncep Norodom Sihanouk, convertint-se més tard en el braç armat del partit del FUNCINPEC. MOULINAKA va rebre bona part del seu suport financer de part de la comunitat cambodjana exiliada a França, mentre que la seva base d'operacions es va situar als camps de refugiats situats a la frontera amb Tailàndia, principalment el de Nong Chan, prop d'Aranyaprathet. El MOULINAKA va ser el precedent de la més reconeguda organització paraigües coneguda com a ANS o Exèrcit Nacional de Sihanouk.

Sileah va morir, als 45 anys, el 16 d'agost de 1980, aparentment de malària, fent-se amb el control de l'organització el coronel paracaigudista Nhem Sophon. El general In Tam, posteriorment, es va fer càrrec de les operacions militars de l'ANS. El 1985 seria succeït pel fill de Sihanouk, Norodom Ranariddh.

El 1992 una escissió del partit FUNCINPEC, promoguda per Prum Neakaareach, va formar el MOULINAKA Nakator-Sou (Partit Combatent per la Llibertat Khmer). El partit va participar en les eleccions de 1993, aconseguint un escó a la província de Kampong Cham, però es va dissoldre el 1998 a conseqüència de les disputes internes.

El MOULINAKA també es va unir al Partit Popular de Cambodja de Hun Sen després de les eleccions 1993, donant l'esquena al FUNCINPEC, amb qui havia lluitat conjuntament contra el règim pro-vietnamita de la República Popular de Kamputxea, i a qui debien una posició al govern.

Referències

Enllaços externs
 Vídeo en francès on es veuen les tropes del MOULINAKA i una entrevista amb Kong Sileah, 40 anys abans de la seva mort.

Partits polítics de Cambodja

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


When you've got short hair, you could perhaps not anticipate the hair to grow, you should discover some saloons for tresses extensions service. Discover ways of repairing hair extensions within tresses. Helps everybody else to relax and deal with the time with full confidence. After all, looking good is essential nowadays, and many folks are prepared to test more recent techniques and technique for this.
Short hair might have extensions added for your evening. There are a variety of types and tints for women to choose from. You can include the fullness and sexiness for just one night using video in extensions and give a wide berth to utilising the rather unfriendly chemical substances, which can harm your own hair. These vast amounts of hair are taken to the factories of the vendors then arranged, hackled and arranged by length.
You will need heard a great deal about hair weaves. While "quick" sells, it doesn't precisely set you into the standing of Divaness. Conversely, hair that falls to the non-virgin group has undergone some type of chemical running on its training course being a locks extension or wig. To attach beautiful locks extension a gun may be used which makes use of cozy adhesive sticks.
This, without a doubt, relies upon how well you maintain the extensions along with your tresses. Particularly remarkable are the Kanekalon wigs that have been created for the essential all-natural looking luster embodied that simulates human beings hair. If tremendously-long locks are the thing that you have in mind, along with your present hairstyle is actually rather quick, you may have two really have only 3 possibilities: initial, you might get hair extensions. The normal hair is braided along the heart associated with scalp (according to the hair) after which the hair weave gets sown to the braids.
And Kanekalon high quality wigs may also be affordable and will enhance any woman's closet. Normal tresses video extensions tend to be more durable and may be styled in several other ways than artificial tresses extensions. Professional Make-up Hygiene - this will be essential as you do not want to break out with a few nasty spots or rashes or even worse vision disorders such as sties, conjunctivitis or epidermis conditions on your vacation!
The types of tresses accessories that you can try at Raquel wigs tend to be locks extensions, synthetic wigs, real human tresses wigs and even hairpieces. The traditional is actually equipping on large straw caps which have a 1920s visual and can look great with numerous outfits. The glue is applied on weft of the expansion.
Brand new judge for United states Idol season 10 is proven to be a symbol of beauty and style. Affect tiny chapters of the hair on your head by either weaving in, heat combination, gluing, clamping with metal rods or using waxes and polymers. Knowledge of camera approaches for both film and digital - balance, form, worth and colour, proportion and asymmetry and texture - i'll talk about how exactly to present for top level facial outcomes with you.
If you do the radical step of cutting your hair brief getting Victoria Beckham's tresses? Their staff is actually specializes in extensions, you'll probably be assured that they'll do the correct and this will take a look organic. Women want to attempt an innovative new try to find that other dressing up event or affair.


text:
Vol 1, No 10 (December 2015) /
mHealth to promote pregnancy and interconception health among African-American women at risk for adverse birth...
mHealth to promote pregnancy and interconception health among African-American women at risk for adverse birth outcomes: a pilot study
Jennifer Foster1,2, Lindsey Miller3, Sheila Isbell4, Tekesia Shields5, Natasha Worthy5, Anne Lang Dunlop1
1Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, 2Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1520 Clifton Road Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; 3Fox Valley Family Medicine Residency, 229 S. Morrison St. Appleton, WI 54911, USA; 4Information and Communications Lab, Georgia Technology Research Institute, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; 5Atlanta Healthy Start Initiative, Center for Black Women's Wellness, 477 Windsor St. Atlanta, GA 30312, USA
Contributions: (I) Conception and design: J Foster, S Isbell, T Shields, AL Dunlop; (II) Administrative support: L Miller, N Worthy; (III) Provision of study materials or patients: T Shields; (IV) Collection and assembly of data: J Foster, L Miller, S Isbell, T Shields, AL Dunlop; (V) Data analysis and interpretation: J Foster, L Miller, S Isbell, AL Dunlop; (VI) Manuscript writing: All authors; (VII) Final approval of manuscript: All authors.
Correspondence to: Jennifer Foster, CNM, MPH, PhD. Associate Clinical Professor of Nursing, Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Associate Professor of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1520 Clifton Road Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. Email: Jennifer.foster@emory.edu.
Background: The use of mobile phone applications (mHealth) to provide health education and behavioral prompts is 1 of the 12 common mHealth functions identified by the World Health Organization as innovations to strengthen health systems. Among low-income pregnant and parenting women, health education is widely recognized as a way to improve maternal and infant health outcomes, but the efficacy of written health education materials to change knowledge and behavior for this population is questionable. mHealth prompts, in contrast, is a promising alternative.
Methods: A team of researchers in medicine/epidemiology, anthropology/midwifery, computer science/sensors, and community-based case management created and pilot tested a mHealth application (mHealth app) for African-American women at high risk for adverse birth outcomes. We tested the acceptability and feasibility of the interactive application among women during the reproductive stages of early and late pregnancy, postpartum, and interconception.
Results: Interview data from 14 women in the various reproductive stages revealed that most women found the mHealth messages helpful. Also, 62 Ob-Gyn physicians and nurses and 19 Family Medicine residents provided feedback. Women's responses to specific messages trended down over time. Women in the postpartum phase had the highest response rate to particular text messages, followed by those in the pregnancy phase. Responses dropped off dramatically during the interconception period. About 21% of women lost their phones. Unexpected findings were that all participants already had smartphones, women wanted messages about depression, and clinicians wanted the app to link to case management for individualized medical care.
Conclusions: Logistical challenges to app management were limitations but are useful for consideration before scale-up. This study corroborates findings in the health literacy literature that women most at risk for adverse birth outcomes need additional face-to-face support with mHealth applications.
Keywords: Community participation; health disparities; mHealth; pregnancy; reproductive health
Received: 27 October 2015; Accepted: 30 November 2015; Published: 15 December 2015.
doi: 10.3978/j.issn.2306-9740.2015.12.01
The use of mobile phone applications (mHealth) to provide health education and behavioral prompts is one of the twelve common mHealth functions identified by the World Health Organization as innovations to strengthen health systems (1). Among low-income pregnant and parenting women, health education is widely recognized as a way to improve maternal and infant health outcomes, but the efficacy of written health education materials to change knowledge and behavior for this population is questionable (2,3). MHealth prompting, in contrast, is a promising alternative.
The literature about mHealth regarding receipt of recommended pregnancy and interconception care can be sorted by acceptability for use and effectiveness in achieving behavioral outcomes. Pregnant women's interest in using mobile phone applications to expand their access to interconception and prenatal health information and services in one Argentinian study was very high (4). In Tanzania, L'Engle and colleagues found that Mobile Phone Interventions for Reproductive Health (m4RH), an opt-in interactive and menu-based short message service (SMS or text message) system that provides automated information about eight different long-acting, short-acting, and coitally-dependent family planning methods, was also highly used by the target group (5).
Text-4-Baby, the first free mobile health information service in the US, launched in 2010, is intended to reach and engage the widest national cross-section of pregnant women and new mothers with three free short messages (SMS) per week about key prenatal and postpartum health behaviors (Text-4-Baby, 2014) (6) Although Text-4-Baby was written for all literacy levels, a 2012 study indicates that health literacy influences women's success in enrolling in Text-4-Baby to receive the messages (7). Health literacy, according to The U.S. Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010, Title V, is defined as, the degree to which an individual has the capacity to obtain, communicate, process, and understand basic health information and services to make appropriate health decisions (8). Gazmararian and colleagues found that only half of the women with low health literacy scores successfully self- enrolled in Text-4-Baby, suggesting that some women with low health literacy scores may need face-to-face support to engage effectively with mHealth education applications (7).
The literature reporting the effectiveness of mHealth in engaging women and promoting positive reproductive health behaviors and ultimately, maternal-infant health outcomes, is critical to the informed assessment of the value of mHealth in maternal-newborn health. A global review of mHealth in maternal and newborn health programs and their outcomes concluded that there is very little literature to date that corroborates the impact of mHealth with indicators of maternal and newborn health (9).
A recent systematic review of text messaging for maternal and infant health has shown mixed results on a wide variety of outcomes related to adherence to medications, contraceptives, clinic attendance, smoking cessation, diabetes and substance abuse management. Among the authors' conclusions was motivational messages have been found more effective for behavioral change than informational messages, and variation in content and timing for medication adherence is preferred (10).
There is evidence of positive impact of mHealth in promoting safer sex among youth. A randomized control trial that used mobile advertising to promote safer sex to youth showed improved knowledge and behavioral differences among users of the technology compared to non-users (11). Katz and colleagues conducted a randomized trial of mobile phone-based counseling to prevent subsequent pregnancy in teen mothers in Washington, DC. They found significantly fewer subsequent pregnancies among adolescents between 15 and 17 years who received the intervention compared to controls who did not, but no differences among adolescents 18 years or age and older (12,13). Two studies in Thailand demonstrated improved adherence to prenatal and well-woman appointments among users of text messaging (14,15).
To our knowledge, no mHealth tools containing interactive features have been developed for women that span the pregnancy, postpartum, and interconception stages of women's reproductive lives. The issuance of adherence reminders for contraception, folic acid supplements, and prescribed chronic medications is one strategy to reduce unintended pregnancies and promote women's health in these periods. As a prerequisite to designing a study to measure the health and behavioral impacts of implementation of mHealth, our team adopted a community-based participatory research approach to test the acceptability and feasibility of an interactive mHealth application among reproductive age African American women during various reproductive stages (pregnancy, postpartum, and interconception). The goal of employing the mHealth application was to encourage low resource African American women in the U.S., who live in neighborhoods with the highest rates of adverse pregnancy outcomes and infant mortality in Atlanta, Georgia, to adhere to medically recommended prenatal vitamins, prenatal clinic visits, and interconception family planning use after their delivery. In this article, we report the creation, implementation, and results of the mobile phone application designed for this population.
Setting and participants
We implemented the mHealth application with clients of the Center for Black Women's Wellness (CBWW), which is the only organization in Atlanta, Georgia, with a federally funded Healthy Start (HS) Initiative. HS programs have been shown to contribute to improved maternal infant outcomes (16); and CBWW staff had an already established community-based participatory research team who had worked on prior projects, with one of the Center Family Support Workers having been trained as a community researcher. HS programs serve women at high risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes.
For the community-based participatory component of the research, we identified three constituent stakeholders who would have an interest in the mHealth application features and results: women enrollees using the phones, health care providers who care for women from these neighborhoods during pregnancy, postpartum, and interconception periods, and the HS Consortium members. The Atlanta Healthy Start Initiative (AHSI) Consortium is a group of approximately 50 neighborhood, civic, clergy, and agency representatives who meet monthly to discuss issues of relevance to the improved health and quality of life of the population being served by HS. The Consortium also includes graduates of the HS program as well as health providers and hospital administrators. Additionally, the program was presented to the advisory board of the Urban Health Initiative at Emory University, a multidisciplinary group whose mission is to improve the health of and decrease disparities among the diverse and underserved populations in Atlanta.
Recruitment and sample
The targeted enrollment for the client-level implementation component of our study was 15 women over a three month period. Inclusion criteria included being a resident of Neighborhood Planning Units (NPUs) L and V in metro Atlanta, age 18–44, past or present participant in the AHSI, English-speaking, and having the capacity to provide informed consent for oneself. The city of Atlanta has 25 NPUs, each representing a specific geographic area. A previous study that used a community-based participatory research strategy to address priority health problems in Atlanta, such as infant mortality, identified NPUs L and V as the highest priority areas, which include over 5 contiguous neighborhoods (17). In Atlanta specifically, HS participants come from NPUs L and V, which consist of approximately 23,000 residents, 92% of whom are African-American, 62% are at or below 100% of the US federal poverty level, and 88% of households are headed by women. These neighborhoods have high crime rates and the highest rates of poor birth outcomes in the city (17).
A convenience sample of women within the HS program was recruited by a university and a community researcher first by telephone, and then face-to-face within the CBWW, until the target sample was achieved. Women were informed that each participant would have at least 3 months to use the phone and the application to test it. Final enrollment during the designated three month recruitment period was 14 women.
Institutional Review Board approval was obtained from the academic authors' universities. After obtaining informed consent, each participant was issued a flip mobile phone with a unique telephone number. As an incentive, the phone was equipped with unlimited text and 250 min for talk monthly for the duration of the study (6 months for those who were enrolled early and 3 months for the last enrollee). At the end of the study period, participants were given their phones to keep, but the mobile phone service was terminated.
The mHealth application
The mHealth application was the creation of a highly interdisciplinary team from one community-based and two academic institutions with collective expertise in Midwifery and Women's Health, Preventive Medicine, Anthropology, Computer Science/Sensors and Systems, and Community-Based Case Management. After receiving approval from both universities' Institutional Review Boards, the team created the script for outgoing messages, questions, and possible responses for the application. Each of the messages was aligned with the evidence-based recommendations developed by the Select Panel on Preconception Health and Health Care (Centers for Disease Control, 2006) (18).
The mHealth application was designed to be interactive; participants received and were prompted to respond to text messages according to their assigned profile. Specifically, the application was organized so that women were placed into any one of four pre-defined profiles based upon their reproductive stage: early pregnancy (pregnant women up to 28-week gestation), late pregnancy (pregnant women from 28 weeks to delivery), postpartum (women who had just delivered through 6 weeks postpartum) and interconception (women beyond 6 weeks postpartum). As their reproductive stage changed, so did their assigned profile, and therefore, the content of the messages and prompts they received. Women in each profile received questions on a daily, weekly, or monthly schedule via text message. All women received specific, timed, informational messages which are presented in Figure 1.
Figure 1 Message by frequency and profile. PG, pregnancy; PP, postpartum; ICC, interconception care (after 6 weeks postpartum, before next pregnancy); WKS, weeks gestation.
In addition to informational text messages, the mHealth application sent prompts with pre-defined responses for users to reply to with a "yes," "no," or "not yet" response. Responses were captured and recorded on a password protected website, available only to the research team. The responses were recorded in real time on the encrypted website. Messages were classified into two types according to their content: primary and secondary. Primary messages were prompts sent to the participants with content specific to their profile. Secondary messages were sent as a response to a participant's reply to the primary message. For example:
Primary message: Have you taken your prenatal vitamin today? Press 1 for Yes, 2 for No, 3 for Not Yet.
Participant response: 1.
Secondary message: Great! Thanks for your response.
For evaluation of the client-level implementation of the mHealth application, data was collected from two sources from the women enrolled in this study.
HS records. Sociodemographic information including maternal age, race/ethnicity, education level, and marital status were collected from registration information of the HS clinic.
mHealth tool feedback. Data from the encrypted website associated with the mHealth tool contained the time-stamped receipts of messages of particular content that was sent to and from the participants.
Community participatory feedback
For the community-based participatory portion of this study, face-to-face, qualitative group interviews were conducted with the participants with phones three times throughout the study to discuss what they liked and did not like about the mHealth application and its messages. These meetings were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. Also, the research team presented the study and requested feedback during one of the AHSI Consortium meetings.
Finally, two groups of health providers were presented with the study and specific feedback was elicited about the informational text messaging content at two different sites, a hospital site (primarily OB-GYN physicians and nurses), and one community site (Family Medicine Residents). Since the work schedules of health providers rarely allows time to participate in the AHSI Consortium's monthly lunchtime meetings, our team scheduled meetings at grand rounds and before a scheduled lecture for residents to maximize the number of participants. Sixty-two physicians and nurses were present at the Medical Grand Rounds and 19 Family Medicine residents were present at the lecture at the community site. Participants were given a copy of the messages and requested to write on the paper or verbally discuss what else they would include in the messages.
A summary of the text message content, along with the frequency of delivery, and the profile of the participant to whom the message was analyzed is presented in Figure 1. The average response rates for the participant women to outgoing messages were calculated for each participant according to: (I) week of participation in the study, (II) profile throughout their participation in the study, and (III) response to specific message content. The profiles, as described above, were defined as: pregnancy less than 28 weeks (pregnancy <28 weeks), pregnancy greater than 28 weeks (pregnancy >28 weeks), postpartum, and interconception. For the community-based participatory component of this study, the transcripts of the qualitative interviews were reviewed and summarized for the key messages. The health provider feedback was summarized.
Demographics and participation
The final enrollment in this study was fourteen participants. All participants were single, African American women, with the average age of 21.8 years (range, 16–31 years). Thirteen participants were unemployed (93%), while one participant was employed part-time. Two had completed eighth grade (14%), 8 had some high school or in process of obtaining their GED (57%), 3 had graduated from high school (21%), and 1 was unknown. Six participants in the study were first-time mothers (43%), while the remaining eight participants (57%) had previous children.
The enrollment time and duration of participation in the study varied for each participant. The average duration of participation in the study was 7.21 weeks, with a range of 2 to 11 weeks. Figure 2 presents the average response rates for each participant through the various reproductive phases.
Figure 2 Messages sent vs. participant replies.
Participant response rates
Participant response rates were calculated according to week of participation, profile, and response to specific message IDs. One hurdle in this data analysis is that participants only have the ability to respond to the most recent primary message they had received. Therefore, they could not reply directly to any previous primary messages from days prior to the most recent primary message. In the event that they had attempted to respond to several primary messages at one time, they would receive a secondary prompt (message ID # 41 in Figure 1). It was difficult to determine which primary messages some of the participants were intending to respond to, as many would continue to send responses back after receiving the secondary messages.
When calculating response rates by week of participation, participant responses to both primary and secondary messages were included. Average response rates did trend down by week of participation. However, participants were receiving fewer messages as their duration of participation increased and the profiles of participation were not taken into account. The number of messages received and replied to by week of participation for all participants is displayed in Figure 3.
Figure 3 Average response rates by message ID per phase. PG, pregnancy; PP, postpartum; ICC, interconception care (after 6 weeks postpartum, before next pregnancy); RR, response rate; Std. Dev., standard deviation, WKS, weeks gestation.
Participants were most likely to respond to message IDs #1 ("Have you taken your prenatal vitamin today?"), #2 ("What birth control method do you use?"), and #4 (in response to the question, "Are you protected from sexually transmitted infection?") in the pregnancy less than 28 weeks profile, with response rates of 52.9%, 75%, and 80%, respectively. In the pregnancy greater than 28 weeks profile, the highest response rates were seen for message IDs #1 ("Have you taken your prenatal vitamin today?") (52.4%), #15 ("People who are overweight have a higher risk for complications…") (75%), and #24 ("Depression is common…") (58.3%) (refer to Figure 1 for reference to message ID with complete content of message). The postpartum profile had the highest response rates for the majority of message IDs received during that period, yielding response rates equal to or greater than 65% for seven different messages. Finally, the interconception profile had the lowest response rates per message IDs, with messages #4 ("Don't forget!."), a secondary message (50.9%), #6 ("Have you taken your multi-vitamin and any prescribed medications?") (47.3%), and #27 ("Reminder: Got appointment for next Depo shot?") (50.0%) rank the highest.
Qualitative feedback
One of the most surprising and unanticipated results was that all the participants in the sample had smartphones, which meant that the flip phone was an extra device they needed to carry. However, participants did not necessarily have continuous service on their smartphones, so they would episodically use the flip phones they were issued to place personal phone calls and send/receive personal text messages. Participants commented that they did not like carrying two phones and would have preferred to receive the messages on their personal phone, with compensation for extra data and messaging on their personal cell phone plan. Despite carrying an extra phone, at each of the three participant meetings, 10 of the participants reported that they found the reminders for appointments and for prenatal vitamins helpful. Additionally, they suggested two additional messages. Four participants suggested reminders for their well-baby visits and two participants suggested that a message should be sent every 1 or 2 weeks to inquire about their mental health ("Asking about how you been 'feeling' this week"), followed by a hotline number if they responded that they were not doing well. There was general agreement by the others that both of these additional messages would enhance the application.
There were also 2 negative reports (14%) that the application became an annoyance over time. "It become boring," said one participant. "Me, I hate automatic (messages)," said another.
Of the 14 participants, 3 lost their phones over a 6-month period (21%).
The feedback from the health providers was much more detailed and organized around tailoring questions for individuals to respond to their specific needs, with much more frequent messaging on a larger volume of topics, timed to the ideal of when tests should be done. Their suggestions were focused on inquiring if they had already received the information they needed for recommended lab tests, symptoms of labor, danger signs in labor, breastfeeding, contraception, and sexually transmitted infections.
Study limitations and lessons learned
The mHealth technology required brief training, which the community workers provided. However, it also required monthly renewal of the participants' text message and voice plans. The monthly renewal posed challenges with gaps in communication. Participants were enrolled at varying times during the recruitment period; therefore not all participants needed renewal at the same time. Participants had a limited number of voice minutes, so the overuse caused plan access issues and overage charges. The high occurrence of overuse indicates that the participants may have needed reminders of the phone plan restrictions. If a phone did not have minutes, then it would not be taken with participants or charged when the plan was renewed. Even when service was restored, the participants would not know and therefore would not be able to respond to the messages.
The computer science members of the research team did not interact directly with the participants. Participant feedback to the technical team was routed primarily via the in-person meetings with the qualitative research team or a noted request from the AHSI community workers. Therefore, issues could not be resolved in real-time.
It is highly important for technology to meet the needs of the participant group. At the start of the pilot, it was determined that the study team should procure phones for the participants in order to mitigate the HS community member populations' behavior of changing phone providers and phone numbers during the study. However, since the participants already owned smartphones, the study phone was used as a back-up at times and was not able to gain the attention of a primary communication device. Also, 3 participants (21%) lost their provided phones during the duration of their participation in the study.
Overall, the technical issues with the service boiled down to a matter of logistics needed to maintain close communication with the participants. Some suggestions to mitigate this in future and scaled-up studies include phone plans that were automatically renewed, a technology assessment to determine equipment needs and preferences of participants, pre-installation of issue "hot-line" phone number installed on the phones, an alternative contact number for the participants, the addition of a question to ask for feedback on the service via text message, and the addition of a statement to remind participants of their phone plan restrictions.
In summary, all stakeholders contributed to a better understanding of a mHealth application that would potentially be user-friendly and effective with the population under study. The majority of the participants in the pilot found the messages helpful. They wanted more focus on their mental health and also requested reminders for their babies' well-child appointments. Providers wanted more interaction on the specific laboratory and diagnostic tests conducted during pregnancy. Specifically, the OB-GYN provider group wanted the application to include medical record information accessible on the phone. The Family Medicine physicians, on the other hand, were more focused on learning if their patients had received the information that they wanted or needed. They felt it would be helpful to know the summaries of these responses, so that they could individualize their care with assistance of a case manager.
The particular strengths of the project included the piloting of an interactive application across a changing spectrum of women's reproductive needs. Most applications apply only during pregnancy or only during contraception. A more holistic application can provide reminders during the tumultuous transitions in women's lives from pregnancy to postpartum to interconception care. Women told us they wanted it to remind them of their babies' care as well.
Another valuable component to the study was the inclusion of multidisciplinary perspectives; from users, to clinicians, to community, in order to inform future iterations of the mHealth application. The clinical perspective, however, must incorporate the logistic and technical requirements to make a more sophisticated application feasible financially, which only the computer scientists could evaluate. If the population using the application already had smartphones, however, the cost of providing phones incurred in this study could be reallocated to more detailed programming in future projects.
Another strength of the study was that the mHealth application was not simply "an app". It included the encrypted website that captured responses in real-time. The persons who could view these responses were researchers in this case, but in the future, with prior patient permission, clinicians or case managers could use the real-time web information to help identify those for whom special outreach contact would be beneficial to their health. This could help distinguish those who needed more frequent visits or more concentrated case management. This aspect of the application is especially important with low health literacy populations, as Gazmararian et al., pointed out, regarding the need for face-to-face support with cellular education messages (7). The research team hopes to incorporate not only the lessons learned for future scale up, but also to enhance the application by means of the input of the participants, providers, and invested community members to amplify the benefits of mHealth to promote pregnancy and interconception health.
The authors gratefully acknowledge all the staff at the Center for Black Women's Wellness, as well as Research Assistants, Ms. Jennifer Hudson, BSN, MPH, from Emory University and Mr. Trevor J. Goodyear, Georgia Technology Research Institute, Atlanta, Georgia.
Funding: This study was supported by PHS Grant # UL1TR000454 by from the Clinical and Translational Science Award Program, National Institutes of Health, National Center for Research Resource.
Disclaimer: The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
Ethical Statement: The study was approved by the institutional review board of both Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, Georgia. Written informed consent was obtained from the participants.
Labrique AB, Vasudevan L, Kochi E, et al. mHealth innovations as health system strengthening tools: 12 common applications and a visual framework. Glob Health Sci Pract 2013;1:160-71. [PubMed]
Poorman E, Gazmararian J, Elon L, et al. Is health literacy related to health behaviors and cell phone usage patterns among the text4baby target population? Arch Public Health 2014;72:13. [PubMed]
Gazmararian JA, Elon L, Yang B, et al. Text4baby program: an opportunity to reach underserved pregnant and postpartum women? Matern Child Health J 2014;18:223-32. [PubMed]
Cormick G, Kim NA, Rodgers A, et al. Interest of pregnant women in the use of SMS (short message service) text messages for the improvement of perinatal and postnatal care. Reprod Health 2012;9:9. [PubMed]
L'Engle KL, Vahdat HL, Ndakidemi E, et al. Evaluating feasibility, reach and potential impact of a text message family planning information service in Tanzania. Contraception 2013;87:251-6. [PubMed]
Text4baby. Healthcare provider Text4baby basics. 2014. Available online: https://partners.text4baby.org/index.php/get-involved-pg/partners/healthcare-providers/h-p-text4baby-basics
Gazmararian JA, Yang B, Elon L, et al. Successful enrollment in Text4Baby more likely with higher health literacy. J Health Commun 2012;17 Suppl 3:303-11. [PubMed]
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Health literacy. Available online: http://www.cdc.gov/healthliteracy/Learn/index.html
Tamrat T, Kachnowski S. Special delivery: an analysis of mHealth in maternal and newborn health programs and their outcomes around the world. Matern Child Health J 2012;16:1092-101. [PubMed]
Poorman E, Gazmararian J, Parker RM, et al. Use of text messaging for maternal and infant health: a systematic review of the literature. Matern Child Health J 2015;19:969-89. [PubMed]
Gold J, Aitken CK, Dixon HG, et al. A randomised controlled trial using mobile advertising to promote safer sex and sun safety to young people. Health Educ Res 2011;26:782-94. [PubMed]
Katz KS, Rodan M, Milligan R, et al. Efficacy of a randomized cell phone-based counseling intervention in postponing subsequent pregnancy among teen mothers. Matern Child Health J 2011;15 Suppl 1:S42-53. [PubMed]
Katz R, Mesfin T, Barr K. Lessons from a community-based mHealth diabetes self-management program: "it's not just about the cell phone J Health Commun 2012;17 Suppl 1:67-72. [PubMed]
Jareethum R, Titapant V, Chantra T, et al. Satisfaction of healthy pregnant women receiving short message service via mobile phone for prenatal support: A randomized controlled trial. J Med Assoc Thai 2008;91:458-63. [PubMed]
Kaewkungwal J, Singhasivanon P, Khamsiriwatchara A, et al. Application of smart phone in "Better Border Healthcare Program": a module for mother and child care. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2010;10:69. [PubMed]
Health and Human Services. Child Health USA 2013. Available online: https://mchdata.hrsa.gov/dgisreports/PerfMeasure/default.aspx
Kreuter MW, Kegler MC, Joseph KT, et al. The impact of implementing selected CBPR strategies to address disparities in urban Atlanta: a retrospective case study. Health Educ Res 2012;27:729-41. [PubMed]
Johnson K, Posner SF, Biermann J, et al. Recommendations to improve preconception health and health care--United States. A report of the CDC/ATSDR Preconception Care Work Group and the Select Panel on Preconception Care. MMWR Recomm Rep 2006;55:1-23. [PubMed]
Cite this article as: Foster J, Miller L, Isbell S, Shields T, Worthy N, Dunlop AL. mHealth to promote pregnancy and interconception health among African-American women at risk for adverse birth outcomes: a pilot study. mHealth 2015;1:20.
PDF 1467 views

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Okinawa Tourism Information:ShokusaiKamata(MiyakoIsland),theSouthernmostJapaneseSobaRestaurantServesNaturalGoodnessDirectfromthe"FarmtoTable"
Miyakojima, or Miyako Island, is known for its spectacular blue seas, referred to as Miyako Blue. The island is rich with nature as is the traditional culture, and the Okinawan mentality of 'Ichariba chode' (meaning 'once we meet, we are brothers' in the language of Okinawa) is very deep-rooted. Located on this island is Japan's southernmost buckwheat field. I heard about a Japanese soba restaurant on the island that serves handmade buckwheat soba noodles made with buckwheat nurtured under the tropical sun and by the mineral-rich ocean breeze, so I decided to pay a visit.
A little while after ordering, I was served a basket with a little mountain of buckwheat noodles that had a touch of green in color and a tantalizing shine. Immediately, without adding green onions or wasabi to the mentsuyu, or the sauce just yet, I slurped a mouthful of noodles. The rich aroma unique to buckwheat spread in my mouth, and there was a delicate sweetness that disappeared as quickly as it came, like passing rain of autumn. The noodles were cooked just right, al dente, and when bitten, there was no stickiness to it, unlike other noodles.
The soba noodles were followed by a dish of assorted tempura. There were two prawns as wells as fresh seasonal vegetables harvested in Miyakojima. The assortment varies by season, and on the day I visited, they served five types: goya bitter melon, winged beans, mugwort, okura, and pumkin, all dressed in a crispy and crunchy batter.
The best thing about a soba shop is enjoying sips of cold sake and reading a good book, or flipping through the pages of various memories stocked away in your mind. I can't get enough of those quiet moments as I nibble on a dashimaki omlette or itawasa, a dish of sliced kamaboko with grated horseradish, both of which are commonly enjoyed dishes at soba shops across the country.
When we hear 'soba' in Okinawa, we naturally think of 'Okinawa soba', which is very different from soba of mainland Japan. Shokusai Kamata opened in the year 2010, bringing the Japanese soba to Miyako, a food culture that didn't exist here. It was originally started by Hiroko Kamada, who was born and raised on Miyako Island. Her son, Ken Kamada restarted the shop his mother had established and turned it into a handmade Japanese soba shop five years ago.
Mr. Kamada's dedication and sincere approach in making delicious handmade soba spread by word of mouth, and now he has many local fans across the island. With one bite, I could taste the difference in how serious he is about "making soba more delicious than ever". Every morning, he starts kneading the buckwheat to make his batch of soba.
Ken had never worked in the food business until he moved to Miyako Island. Since he was a child, he visited Miyako during the summer breaks from school, as his mother was born and raised on the island. He was working as a typical businessman in 2008 when he visited a buckwheat farm on Miyako Island. This was his turning point. That buckwheat field was maintained by his cousin, a local high school teacher, who was experimentally growing buckwheat with the objective of improving the soil and the water quality.
As he helped on the farm and the harvests, he began to truly enjoy the work and he began to want to be a buckwheat farmer on Miyako. He thought, it would be difficult to make a living simply by growing and shipping his harvests of buckwheat grains. If he were to do this, he decided, he would grow the buckwheat, grind it to powder, and make his own buckwheat noodles to serve directly to his customers. With his mind made up, he traveled from Kansai to Kanto, visiting every popular soba restaurant and began learning independently about making Japanese soba.
"The soba served at Kamata continues to evolve. When they had just opened, the soba was good, you could tell that they put a lot of work into it. But now, you can taste the difference in that the work they put in over the years have taken a solid form. I enjoy their soba every time I go," says a regular customer who goes there for soba every week, and who recommended the shop to me.
In the early morning, in between his tasks in making the soba, Ken nonchalantly says, "Growing the buckwheat and making the soba consists of a lot of hard work every day, and honestly, my body is worn out. But despite that, I can say for sure that this is more enjoyable than the days I worked a regular 9 to 5 job. I've changed jobs a few times up to now, but I feel that I've finally found something that I want to continue for the rest of my life." His words were just as fresh and bright as the morning light that shone through into his shop.
Shokusai Kamata
Address: 737-11 Shimozato, Hirara, Miyakojima City, Okinawa
Telephone: 0980-72-0296
Hours: 11:30-14:30 (Last Order) & 17:30-20:00 (Last Order)
Closed: Tuesdays (All Day) & Mondays for Dinner
Website: https://www.facebook.com/shokusaikamata/
Okinawa CLIP photo writer, Nobuya Fukuda
沖縄県宮古島市平良字下里737-11
The Restoration of Okinawa, Revival of Koza, and the Light of Hope
Nmaganu-Ya, a Café on Miyako Island Run by High School Students with the Warm Support of the Local Islanders
A Champuru Experience at Okinawa's First Shopping Arcade, Ichibangai and Sun City Shotengai (Okinawa City)
Nichi Nichi So (Naha): Delicious Sweets that Delivers the Love and Warmth of the Creator♪


8 pieces. Shrimp tempura, crab meat, cucumber, avocado and tobiko.
Fresh soy beans steamed and lightly salted.
Spicy tuna, crunch and avocado inside with fresh tuna outside.
Thinly sliced yellowtail, jalapeno and cilantro. Served with yuzu soy sauce.
Tuna, salmon, fluke, onion, bell pepper and cilantro served with lemon vinaigrette.
Tuna with avocado served with Asian 1 special sauce.
Salmon with mango served with yuzu soy sauce.
Lightly seared white tuna served with truffle and yuzu soy sauce.
6 pieces black pepper tuna with tobiko, scallion and spicy sauce.
Spicy tuna or spicy salmon with mango sauce, spicy mayo and topped with sweet potato.
Seafood with sliced cucumber salad in sweet ponzu sauce.
House salad topped with avocado and served with ginger dressing.
Lettuce, red cabbage and sliced cucumber served with ginger dressing.
Spicy crabmeat, cucumber, mango and seaweed.
Fresh cucumber, crab meat and masago with Japanese mayonnaise.
Seared salad, cucumber, crab meat, shrimp, mayo, crunchy, outside avocado around and eel spicy sauce tobiko.
Tuna and salmon over mixed greens with jalapeno sauce.
Chunks of crispy chicken, sauteed with chef's special sweet and spicy sauce. Made from wheat gluten and soy bean.
Fresh mushroom, carrot and chestnut. Made from wheat gluten and soy bean.
Sesame with steamed broccoli. Made from wheat gluten and soy bean.
Chicken sauteed with sweet and sour spicy orange flavor sauce. Made from wheat gluten and soy bean. Spicy.
Fresh mango, snow peas, carrots and big chunks of chicken cooked in chef's special sweet mango flavored sauce. Made from wheat gluten and soy bean.
Made from wheat gluten and soy bean.
Crispy chicken chunks cooked with pineapples and green pepper in a chef's special sweet and sour sauce. Made from wheat gluten and soy bean.
Broccoli, carrot, baby corn, water chestnut and fresh mushroom. Made from wheat gluten and soy bean.
Orange sauce and steamed broccoli. Made from wheat gluten and soy bean. Spicy.
Made from wheat gluten and soy bean. Spicy.
Jumbo shrimp, slices of chicken, beef and pork with assorted Chinese vegetables in brown sauce.
Shrimp, pork, chicken and beef with mixed vegetables.
A combination of General Tso's chicken on one side and jumbo shrimp with mixed vegetable on the other. Spicy.
Fresh mango, snow peas, carrots and big chunks of chicken cooked in chef's special sweet mango.
Chunk chicken lightly sauteed then braised in home style soy based spicy garlic vinegar sauce.
Crispy chicken cooked with pineapples and green peppers in a chef's special sweet and sour sauce.
Jumbo shrimp stir-fried and honey walnuts.
Tender fillets of marinated beef with scallops in chef's special sauce.
Lobster, jumbo shrimp, scallops and imitation crabmeat with assorted Chinese vegetables in white sauce.
Chicken beef and shrimp with mixed vegetables in house special sauce.
Jumbo shrimp with mixed vegetable in shrimp lobster sauce.
5 pieces assorted sushi and a vegetable roll.
10 pieces assorted sushi and tuna roll.
Chef's selection of sashimi served over sushi rice.
5 pieces sashimi, 3 pieces sushi and a tuna roll.
8 pieces grilled eel over rice.
5 pieces sashimi, 3 pieces sushi and a salmon roll.
3 pieces salmon sushi, 3 pieces tuna sushi, 3 pieces yellow tail and choice of roll.
15 pieces tuna with sushi rice.
Yellowatil roll, tuna roll and salmon roll.
16 pieces sushi, shrimp tempura roll and rainbow roll.
10 pieces sushi, 15 pieces sashimi, rainbow roll and a spiderman roll.
40 pieces. 15 different varieties of raw fish filets.
6 pieces. Yellowtail with scallion.
8 pieces. Salmon, avocado and caviar.
8 pieces. Smoked salmon, cream cheese and cucumber.
8 pieces. Tuna, cucumber and cream cheese.
5 pieces. Shrimp, lettuce, cucumber and mayo.
8 pieces. Eel with cucumber or avocado.
8 pieces. Soft shell crab, cucumber, avocado and crab meat.
8 pieces. Chicken tempura, cucumber, avocado and crab meat.
8 pieces. Spicy shrimp, crab meat and cucumber.
5 pieces. Fried yellowtail, eel, crab, avocado and tobiko with spicy tuna on top.
8 pieces. Lobster tempura, cucumber, avocado and crab meat.
Spicy crab and tobiko with cucumber and assorted fish.
Avocado, deep fried jalapeno and spicy scallop on top.
Spicy tuna, salmon, cucumber and jalapeno inside with crab meat on top with chili sauce.
Soft shell crab tempura, spicy tuna, cucumber and mango wrapped in soy paper.
Spicy tuna and yellowtail inside with white tuna, jalapeno and tobiko on top.
Shrimp tempura and spicy tuna inside topped with eel and avocado.
Spicy tuna, spicy yellowtail and avocado with tuna wrapped around.
Shrimp tempura, papaya and spicy tuna inside with spicy crab meat and crunch on top with soy bean paper. Served with special sauce.
Spicy salmon, eel and cream cheese with jalapenos. Whole roll is deep-fried.
Shrimp tempura and spicy tuna inside with mango and avocado on top.
Deep fried asparagus and Kobe beef in soy paper.
Soft shell crab inside with spicy tuna and avocado on top.
Seared pepper tuna, asparagus, avocado and Kobe beef on top.
Black pepper tuna, avocado and spicy tuna outside with chef's special sauce.
Spicy tuna, salmon, yellowtail, avocado and crunch wrapped with soy bean paper and rice cracker served with plum sauce.
Spicy salmon, spicy tuna and avocado wrapped with sesame soy apper and served with spicy mayo and wasabi mayo.
Snow crab, white tuna and spicy tuna wrapped with soy bean paper and deep fried.
Shrimp tempura and spicy tuna inside with black pepper tuna and avocado on top with special sauce and jalapeno.
Shrimp tempura, eel and avocado on the inside with spicy kani and taro special sauce.
Salmon, cilantro and mango inside with salmon on top. Served with special sauce.
Tuna, spicy crab meat and green salad deep fried with special sauce.
Spicy lobster, tuna, white tuna, crunch, avocado, mango and fish roe with soy bean paper.
Avocado, jalapeno deep fried and spicy scallop on top.
Spicy tuna, salmon, cucumber, and jalapeno inside, crab meat on top with chili sauce.
Soft shell crab tempura, spicy tuna, cucumber, mango wrapped with soy paper.
Spicy tuna, yellowtail inside: white tuna, jalapeno and tobiko on top.
Shrimp tempura, spicy tuna inside, topped with eel and avocado.
Spicy tuna, spicy yellowtail, avocado with tuna wrap around.
Shrimp tempura, papaya, spicy tuna inside: spicy crab meat, crunch on top with soy bean paper. Served with special sauce.
Spicy salmon, eel and cream cheese, jalapenos. Whole roll is deep-fried.
Shrimp tempura, spicy tuna inside; mango and avocado on top.
Black pepper tuna, avocado, spicy tuna outside and chef special sauce.
Spicy tuna, salmon, yellowtail, avocado and crunch wrapped with soy bean paper, rice cracker served plum sauce.
Spicy tuna topped with salmon, yellowtail, avocado, crunch and tobiko.
Spicy salmon, spicy tuna and avocado wrapped with sesame soy paper, served with spicy mayo and wasabi mayo.
Snow crab white tuna, spicy tuna wrapped with soy bean paper, deep fried.
Shrimp tempura and spicy tuna, inside black pepper, tuna and avocado on the top in special sauce and jalapeno.
Shrimp tempura and eel, avocado inside, spicy kani and taro special sauce.
Spicy lobster, tuna, white tuna, crunch, avocado, mango, fish roe with soy bean paper.
Avocado and spicy salmon, mango, salmon and sweet potato on top. Served with special sauce.
Spicy crab meat inside, salmon, avocado outside and tobiko yuzu sweet sauce on top.
Shrimp tempura, lobster salad, avocado, white tuna, salmon and special sweet sauce.
Spicy crab meat, avocado, mango with mango sauce.
No rice, no seaweed, avocado, deep fried crab meat, salmon, spicy orange sauce, eel sauce and tobiko.
No rice, no seaweed, spicy tuna, avocado and ponzu sauce.
Tuna, salmon, yellowtail, avocado and caviar wrapped with cucumber.
Lobster tempura, crab meat and caviar wrapped with cucumber.
Spicy tuna, crunch and avocado wrapped with cucumber.
5 pieces. Broccoli tempura with sauce.
5 pieces. Egg, crab meat, avocado, cucumber and pickled vegetable.
5 pieces of sushi with choice of roll. Served with choice of side.
9 pieces of sashimi with sushi rice. Served with choice of side.
4 pieces sushi, 6 pieces sashimi and a California roll. Served with choice of side.


The developers of open-source cryptocurrency Monero (XMR) have patched a bug that could allow an attacker to "burn" the funds of an organization's wallet while only losing network transaction fees, according to an announcement published September 25.
Following the attack, the hacker sells the XMR for Bitcoin (BTC) and then withdraws the BTC. As a result of the attack, the exchange is left with 999 unspendable or "burnt" outputs of 1 XMR.
XMR, which claims to be a private and "untraceable" cryptocurrency, was the target of fraudulent activities in the crypto space previously. Earlier this month, the MEGA Chrome extension was compromised, which allowed cybercriminals to steal users' XMR in addition to other sensitive information.
In June, a report published by security company Palo Alto Networks found that around 5 percent of all XMR in circulation at the time was mined maliciously. XMR reportedly has an "incredible monopoly" on the cryptocurrencies targeted by malware, with a total of $175 million mined maliciously.
XMR is currently the tenth largest digital currency, with a market capitalization of nearly $1.9 billion and a circulating supply of over 16 million, according to CoinMarketCap. At press time, XMR is trading at around $114, up 0.68 percent over the last 24 hours.


DuctVac Northwest is an indoor air quality company. DuctVac Northwest is not in the market to sell you a new furnace and unnecessary parts. We are the specialists providing you with cleaner and healthier indoor air for your home and business. We have 20 years experience serving clients just like you.


text:
Pierre Cardin's clothing
His creations have been taking the world by storm since his first designs, and the man is so famous, some people in China have mistaken him for the French president. Those who are lucky enough to afford the luxury of Cardin's collections know they are buying more than just designer fashion wear; they're buying a piece of Cardin's abstract mind.
Popular pages & sites
ZARA CLOTHING
H&M clothing
Born in 1922, Pierre Cardin was the son of French parents and moved from Italy to France in 1945. In France, he studied architecture and worked with French fashion inspirations Dior and Schiaparelli. Cardin's eponymous fashion label is best known for its avant-garde approach toward women's fashion, leaving the female form behind and instead focusing on clean, geometric shapes and futuristic motifs.
What made Cardin's designs so special back in 1950 when he opened his first fashion house was that many of the designs were experimental and not always practical. With this unique approach, Cardin wasn't afraid to show his fashion-forward dresses to the public, even if they were a bit unusual. Instead of using the female silhouette for guidance, Cardin incorporated square, circle and rectangular shapes and soon became known as the designer behind the Space Age sketches.
Cardin also made a name for himself when he designed over 30 costumes for a masquerade ball at the Palazzo Labia in Venice. This opportunity is what got Cardin excited for haute couture and made his name recognizable in the fashion industry. However, Cardin ran into some trouble in 1959 when he was expelled from the Chambre Syndicale for launching a ready-to-wear collection for a particular department store and served as the first fashion couturier.
With this experience at hand, Cardin expanded his uncustomary design experience to include American Motors. Here, Cardin designed haute couture muscle cars that featured extraordinary patterns and fabrics that were placed on the vehicles' interiors. This was one of the first times that American vehicles included a special trim package made by a designer and were offered to the public. Cardin reached new heights and fashion critics knew that he his influence reached far beyond the clothing market.
With such an extensive background, there are many designs that Cardin is known for beside his astronaut suits. Many of his designs took a futuristic approach, incorporating metal body jewelry and a silver color palette. Other early designs featured day suits and coats that had raglan sleeves, dresses with front-defined waistlines and tulip-shaped skirts. Jackets had a masculine appearance and incorporated rolled up sleeves and scarf-tied collars, while bubble skirts and chemises served as other highlights from his early collections.
Instead of offering tight-fitting, sultry pieces that flattered the female body, Cardin's pieces were unstructured and boxy. Many of his competitors were designing wardrobes for the growing number of working women, but Cardin's bubble dresses were gaining their own recognition. Shortly after the bubble dress sensation in the 1950s, Cardin launched a woman's suit that featured a bubble skirt that was tied into a band at the hem. The first men's collection was seen in 1960 and kept consistent with Cardin's outer space influence.
Before long, Cardin was a man of the cosmos and his designs were a complete representation of his inner being. White-breasted dresses made out of vinyl were popular pieces from the women's collection, while the men's line included astronaut suits. Embellishments took on the form of metal rings, carpenter nails and diamonds. As time went on, Cardin lost his boxy designs and replaced them with knitted catsuits, tight leather trousers and skin-tight jumpsuits.
Even with his quest for the future, Cardin let his designs evolve with the times. In the 1960s, his collections were colorful, youthful and vibrant, including multi-colored dresses and skirts that fell inches above the knee. Necklines were no longer a boring staple of women's tops, but plunged from back to front and reached down to the navel. The 70s brought loose-fitting dresses and coats that featured kimono sleeves. A children's line was also launched in the late 60s and hit home with the US market.
It's no surprise that the man behind the bubble dresses lives in a bubble home in Cannes. Today, the Pierre Cardin line markets a diverse blend of products that include women's couture, accessories and perfumes. Cardin creates his own shapes instead of following the female body and relies on clean, sleek lines and bright colors. Blending the past, present and future, Cardin's designs feature trim neckties, fan-shaped skirts, leather trousers and polka dot pants.
Accessories are just as eccentric and include large metal necklaces, thick metal belts, pearl beads and tight circular caps. Most of the pieces are silver in color, but some of the accessories radiate bright reds, yellows and oranges. Clothing and accessories are far from practical, but have a way of making the wearer look bold, brilliant and confident, not out-of-place as one may assume. To match the bizarre existence of Cardin's collections, several perfumes are offered and made from dynamic blends of bergamot, lavender and sandalwood.
Home >	Shop > Pierre Cardin
popstrap.com


text:
Are India-China LAC Negotiations Stuck Between 'April & May' Military Positions?
While Chinese PLA troops are beefing-up their positions south of Pangong Tso and facing Indian Army soldiers, Beijing believes that that meeting held between Indian Defence Minister Rajnath Singh and his Chinese counterpart General Wei Fenghe might just reach a fruitful conclusion in solving the long ongoing border dispute.
China Rapidly Expanding its Space Warfare Capabilities: Pentagon Report
The 2 hours and 20 minutes-long meeting between the two nation's top diplomats, their first major political contact in four months, was held on Friday (September 04) at Moscow on the sidelines of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) summit, in a bid to diffuse tensions along the Line of Actual Control (LAC).
And, according to Beijing-based military experts, the meeting could have been just the breakthrough the two nations were looking for amid repeated clashes between the two powerful armies.
Hu Zhiyong, a Research Associate at the Institute of International Relations (IIR) of the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences (SASS), while speaking to Global Times said Rajnath's decision to find a peaceful solution is a sign of promise in putting an end to the dispute.
"India has also expressed a willingness to resolve the problem peacefully, and the reasonable and positive attitude shown by the Indian defence minister could mean that New Delhi has realized that aggressive moves by Indian troops in the border region won't win any compromise from China," said Hu
Defence Minister Wei, while addressing the meeting, which has been labeled to be "frank and in-depth", stressed on how it was crucially important for the two nations to "maintain communication at all levels" and work together in de-escalating the situation while discouraging any 'provocative actions'.
"Both sides should scrupulously implement the consensus reached between Prime Minister Modi and President Xi Jinping and continue to solve the issues through dialogue and consultation, strictly follow the various bilateral agreements, strengthen the regulation of frontline troops and not undertake any provocative actions that might escalate the situation,"
Although both India and China refused to give in an inch of land in Ladakh or Aksai Chin, Hindustan Times writes that there were hints that both armies must return to the previous positions. The only issue was that China wanted the previous positions of May, while India was clear that PLA goes back to the positions it occupied in April this year.
The two sides should focus on the overall situation of India-China relations and work together to de-escalate the situation as soon as possible, and maintain peace and tranquillity in the India-China border areas." said Wei
After the recent skirmish between the militaries of the two at the Pangong Tso region, the Indian Army secured strategic heights at the South Bank of the lake, which was followed by the Chinese now deploying a major build-up of tanks and infantry in the disputed South Pangong region in eastern Ladakh.
In retaliation, the Indian side also decided to field reinforced tank formations and additional troops, in what they say will be a long-winter haul in the region. India continues to accuse the PLA of aggressive build-up in the south of Pangong Tso as it faces Indian Army soldiers at Rechin La in the Chushul Valley.
Australian Navy Sinks US Warship With Harpoon Missiles At RIMPAC
'Stop Me If You Can'; After S-400s, SU-57s, Turkey Could Explore Chinese, Russian Missiles?
No Abrams For Ukraine? Despite Repeated Plea, Why US Continues To Deny Its Main Battle Tanks To Kyiv
'Blatant Provocation': Russia Warns Of Devastation If US Supplied M1 Abrams Main Battle Tanks To Ukraine
Why Russian Military Ops In Ukraine Could End Before The Arrival Of US Abrams, German Leopard & British Challenger Tanks


Join multi-sensory wizard Flo Longhorn and 'ICT guru' in special education Ian Bean for this exciting and innovative ICT workshop. Packed with practical advice and information. This hands-on workshop is perfect for the unsure beginner or the competent coordinator. The very practical hands-on workshop will cover ... Developing practical skills - from unintentional swipes to a controlled pointy finger on the touch-screen, interactive whiteboard or ipad. 'Cause and effect' - engaging the learner with personalised, motivating activities. Recession busting ICT tools plus the best resources from the web. The 'Switch Progression Road Map, written by Ian, showing assessment and recording at each stage of emergent learning. Simple communications through single or multiple messages, including ipad apps. Practical ways to embed ICT into formal and informal curriculum.


text:
Arjuna Award 2022: Never knew I can make it up to this level, says ace para badminton player Manasi Joshi
Written by Jasleen Kaur -- November 30th 2022 03:15 PM
New Delhi, November 30: India's ace para badminton player and current world no.1 Manasi Joshi said receiving a National Sports award is a proud moment for every athlete and she never knew that she could make up to this level of her career. The President of India will award Manasi Joshi a prestigious Arjuna Award 2022 at Rashtrapati Bhawan on November 30.
Along with Joshi, 24 other sports persons from different fields will be honoured for their outstanding performance in sports and games at the ceremony.
"I am very happy that my sports achievements are getting this kind of recognition. Getting a National Sports award (Arjuna Award 2022) is a proud moment for an athlete. Even happier that this ceremony is taking place o n November 30," Manasi Joshi said.
Also Read | China has warned US not to interfere in its relationship with India, says Pentagon report
Joshi returned from Tokyo after her participation in BWF Para-Badminton World Championships 2022 where she bagged two bronze medals, in women's singles SL3 and Mixed doubles, both of which will be induced in Paris 2024.
She won the silver medal in a national-level competition in 2014, and she later made her debut at an international competition in Spain. Then, in 2015, she made her dazzling debut at the Para-badminton World Championships, winning a silver medal. Then, in 2017, she won bronze.
"I never knew that I can make it up to this level. I also had no idea that I could achieve this much. This has paved the way for all the athletes and especially in the beginning, there were a lot of difficulties. After getting injured start everything from scratch, and learn everything new. Learn the sport new which you have been playing for so long. Master your physical limitations and improve them every day. It is impossible without dedication. Everyone has supported me. Coaches and trainers in Gopichand academy. My prosthetic specialist fixed my prosthetic leg. To measure angle and measurements of the smallest things. It is the contribution of all to get me all the way here," she added.
She further expressed her happiness that the government does not differentiate any athlete and supports them equally and added with this mentality the country is heading in the right direction.
"For me every athlete is an athlete and I am happy that government doesn't differentiate in it. It supports them with equality and I feel in this way we are going in the right direction as a country. I feel happy that we are all together and there is no differentiation," said Joshi.
Thanking her supporter and the Sports Authority of India Joshi said, "There are a lot of people. My parents, my family members, my brothers and sisters. Nupur and Gunjan my coaches. All the members of Gopichand academy right from coaches to physios. My prosthetists, my doctors those who operated on me. My caretakers, my housekeeping staff. There are so many I want to thank but I want to especially thank my sponsors who are financially funding me so well. I also want to thank BAI, SAI, the Government of India, the Government of Gujarat and the government of Maharashtra for their continued support."
Also Read | From Dec 29, tariffs on 85 per cent of Australia's exports to India to be eliminated
She once again won bronze at the Asian Para Games in Jakarta, Indonesia in 2018, but her journey took a big turn after she won the gold at the Para World Badminton Championship in 2019. Since then, she hasn't looked back and is currently ranked first in the world for her sport.
Arjuna Award 2022
Manasi Joshi
para badminton player
para badminton player Manasi Joshi
Pakistan skipper Babar Azam wins ICC Men's Cricketer of the Year 2022
Nat Sciver named as ICC Women's ODI Cricketer of 2022


text:
Q: React native push notification with remote image I am using react-native-push-notification to send remote push notification to android and ios devices. I am able to receive notifications perfectly.
Now I want to show images in push notifications. I tried using largeIcon: "ic_launcher" in payload in localNotification. It is working fine, but when  I try to give a remote image url like largeIcon: "http://example.com/some_remote_image.jpg" then it is not showing the image in notification.
Any help will be appreciated. Thanks.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


BATON ROUGE - Nearly a year after a WBRZ Investigative Unit report on blighted city-parish firehouses, a plan is finally in place for one of them.
The historic firehouse on Laurel Street could soon turn into the offices for the Mid City Redevelopment Alliance.
The property was built in the 1920s and abandoned by the Baton Rouge Fire Department two years ago.
"It's an eyesore," Dorothy Richard said. "Me and my sister are tired of looking at it."
On Wednesday, the Metro Council could breathe new life into it. A plan is in the works to turn it over to the Mid City Redevelopment Alliance.
"The Mid City area has a lot of old buildings, and we consider them gems that can benefit from reinvestment and this is one that everybody talks about," Samuel Sanders, Executive Director for the Redevelopment Authority, said.
Initially, there were plans for a fire department museum at the property. However, securing the money for the project was a problem and that plan was abandoned.
"It's going to be a hefty price tag, about $300,000, just to renovate the space so it functions," Sanders said.
If all goes as planned, the city-parish will enter into what's called a cooperative endeavor agreement with the Mid City Redevelopment Alliance to buy the property. Currently, it is appraised at $135,000. The organization says their offer will be fair, but there is a lot of work that needs to be done. All of the electrical and plumbing lines need to be replaced and the building gutted.
With talk of a plan that is finally in place for the firehouse, neighbors couldn't be more excited.
"I don't like to see it boarded up like that," Richard said. "It could be put to good use."
Securing the money for repairs will take time. If the organization gets the green light, they say it could take at least 15 months to move in.