text:
Q: Internal type as a template argument ISO 98/03 standard (section 14.3.1) seems to forbid using a type with internal linkage as a template parameter. (See example below.) The C++11 standard does not.
G++ - using the old standard - is allowing it.
Am I misreading the 03 standard, or is g++ just letting this slide?
namespace
{
    struct hidden { };
}

template<typename T>
struct S
{
   T t;
};

int main()
{
    S<hidden> s;
    return 0;
}

A: You're correct that C++03 doesn't allow using a type with internal linkage as a template type parameter, while C++11 does.
I seem to recall, however, that definitions inside the anonymous namespace still have external linkage.

Yup, section 3.5 [basic.link] says

A name having namespace scope (3.3.5) has internal linkage if it is the name of

*

*an object, reference, function or function template that is explicitly declared static or,

*an  object  or  reference  that  is  explicitly  declared const and neither  explicitly declared extern nor previously declared to have external linkage; or

*a data member of an anonymous union.

  A name having namespace scope has external linkage if it is the name of

*

*an object or reference, unless it has internal linkage; or

*a function, unless it has internal linkage; or

*a named class (clause 9), or an unnamed class defined in a typedef declaration in which the class has the typedef name for linkage purposes (7.1.3); or

*a named enumeration (7.2), or an unnamed enumeration defined in a typedef declaration in which the enumeration has the typedef name for linkage purposes (7.1.3); or

*an enumerator belonging to an enumeration with external linkage; or

*a template, unless it is a function template that has internal linkage (clause 14); or

*a namespace (7.3), unless it is declared within an unnamed namespace.

You have a named class at namespace scope, it has external linkage.
And the footnote on the bottom of page 115 of ISO/IEC 14882:2003 clarifies:

Although entities in an unnamed namespace might have external linkage, they are effectively qualified by a name unique to their translation unit and therefore can never be seen from any other translation unit.

If you have another version, try looking in section 7.3.1.1 [namespace.unnamed]

A: That's not a valid example of the rule. The hidden class in your example has external linkage. (It has a compiler-generated unique name such that nothing outside the current translation unit can actually link with it, but it's still external.)
The standard gives an example of a local type:
template <class T> class X { /* ... */ };
void f()
{
  struct S { /* ... */ };

  X<S> x3;  // error: local type used as template-argument
  X<S*> x4; // error: pointer to local type used as template-argument
}


text:
Q: How to handle `ScrollViewer.ScrollChanged` event in MVVM? I've tried to handle the routed event ScrollViewer.ScrollChanged of DataGrid in obvious way:
<i:Interaction.Triggers>
    <i:EventTrigger EventName="ScrollViewer.ScrollChanged">
       <ei:CallMethodAction MethodName="ScrollChangedHandler" TargetObject="{Binding}"/>
    </i:EventTrigger>
</i:Interaction.Triggers>

But ScrollChangedHandler did not even fired.
Then, I've found this article about handling events, but I could not figure out what xml namespace(xmlns) is used for mvvmjaco:
<Image Width="360" Height="177" Source="Resources\PlayerArea.png">
   <i:Interaction.Triggers>
      <mvvmjoy:RoutedEventTrigger RoutedEvent="s:Contacts.ContactDown">
          <mvvmjaco:CommandAction Command="{Binding TouchCommand}" />
      </mvvmjoy:RoutedEventTrigger>
   </i:Interaction.Triggers>
</Image>

mvvmjoy uses this class from the article:
public class RoutedEventTrigger :EventTriggerBase<DependencyObject>
{
    RoutedEvent _routedEvent;
    //The code omitted for the brevity
}

Basically, I have two questions:

*

*What class or library should I use for mvvmjaco xml namespace?

*How I can handle ScrollViewer.ScrollChanged event in my viewModel with its arguments?

A: I would solve it with the following Attached-Property:
using System.Linq;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Input;

namespace WpfApplication2
{
    public class DataGridExtensions
    {
        public static readonly DependencyProperty ScrollChangedCommandProperty = DependencyProperty.RegisterAttached(
            "ScrollChangedCommand", typeof(ICommand), typeof(DataGridExtensions),
            new PropertyMetadata(default(ICommand), OnScrollChangedCommandChanged));

        private static void OnScrollChangedCommandChanged(DependencyObject d, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e)
        {
            DataGrid dataGrid = d as DataGrid;
            if (dataGrid == null)
                return;
            if (e.NewValue != null)
            {
                dataGrid.Loaded += DataGridOnLoaded;
            }
            else if (e.OldValue != null)
            {
                dataGrid.Loaded -= DataGridOnLoaded;
            }
        }

        private static void DataGridOnLoaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs routedEventArgs)
        {
            DataGrid dataGrid = sender as DataGrid;
            if (dataGrid == null)
                return;

            ScrollViewer scrollViewer = UIHelper.FindChildren<ScrollViewer>(dataGrid).FirstOrDefault();
            if (scrollViewer != null)
            {
                scrollViewer.ScrollChanged += ScrollViewerOnScrollChanged;
            }
        }

        private static void ScrollViewerOnScrollChanged(object sender, ScrollChangedEventArgs e)
        {
            DataGrid dataGrid = UIHelper.FindParent<DataGrid>(sender as ScrollViewer);
            if (dataGrid != null)
            {
                ICommand command = GetScrollChangedCommand(dataGrid);
                command.Execute(e);
            }
        }

        public static void SetScrollChangedCommand(DependencyObject element, ICommand value)
        {
            element.SetValue(ScrollChangedCommandProperty, value);
        }

        public static ICommand GetScrollChangedCommand(DependencyObject element)
        {
            return (ICommand)element.GetValue(ScrollChangedCommandProperty);
        }
    }
}

The class UIHelper looks like:
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Media;

namespace WpfApplication2
{
    internal static class UIHelper
    {
        internal static IList<T> FindChildren<T>(DependencyObject element) where T : FrameworkElement
        {
            List<T> retval = new List<T>();
            for (int counter = 0; counter < VisualTreeHelper.GetChildrenCount(element); counter++)
            {
                FrameworkElement toadd = VisualTreeHelper.GetChild(element, counter) as FrameworkElement;
                if (toadd != null)
                {
                    T correctlyTyped = toadd as T;
                    if (correctlyTyped != null)
                    {
                        retval.Add(correctlyTyped);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        retval.AddRange(FindChildren<T>(toadd));
                    }
                }
            }
            return retval;
        }

        internal static T FindParent<T>(DependencyObject element) where T : FrameworkElement
        {
            FrameworkElement parent = VisualTreeHelper.GetParent(element) as FrameworkElement;
            while (parent != null)
            {
                T correctlyTyped = parent as T;
                if (correctlyTyped != null)
                {
                    return correctlyTyped;
                }
                return FindParent<T>(parent);
            }
            return null;
        }
    }
}

Then you can write in the definition of your DataGrid:
<DataGrid ItemsSource="{Binding MySource}" extensionsNamespace:DataGridExtensions.ScrollChangedCommand="{Binding ScrollCommand}"/>

And in your ViewModel you have an ICommand which looks like:
private ICommand scrollCommand;
public ICommand ScrollCommand
{
    get { return scrollCommand ?? (scrollCommand = new RelayCommand(Scroll)); }
}

private void Scroll(object parameter)
{
    ScrollChangedEventArgs scrollChangedEventArgs = parameter as ScrollChangedEventArgs;
    if (scrollChangedEventArgs != null)
    {

    }
}

For the first your question(special thanks to Andy ONeill and Magnus Montin ):
MVVMJaco is xmlns:mvvmjaco="galasoft.ch/mvvmlight"
And the libraries needed are:

*

*GalaSoft.MVVmLight

*GalaSoft.MVVmLight.Extras

*GalaSoft.MVVmLight.Platform

A: *

*Seems that mvvmjaco:CommandAction is an action to invoke command from your ViewModel. You can use i:InvokeCommandAction as substitute.

*You can use RoutedEventTrigger from the article you've linked to handle scroll changed event.
XAML:
<Window x:Class="ScrollChangedTest.MainWindow"
                xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
                xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
                xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
                xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
                xmlns:local="clr-namespace:ScrollChangedTest"
                mc:Ignorable="d"
                xmlns:i="clr-namespace:System.Windows.Interactivity;assembly=System.Windows.Interactivity"
                Title="MainWindow" Height="350" Width="525">
<Window.DataContext>
    <local:MainWindowViewModel />
</Window.DataContext>
<Grid>
    <Grid.RowDefinitions>
        <RowDefinition />
        <RowDefinition Height="30"/>
    </Grid.RowDefinitions>
    <DataGrid ItemsSource="{Binding DataItems}" AutoGenerateColumns="True">
        <i:Interaction.Triggers>
            <local:RoutedEventTrigger RoutedEvent="ScrollViewer.ScrollChanged">
                <local:CustomCommandAction Command="{Binding ScrollCommand}" />
            </local:RoutedEventTrigger>
        </i:Interaction.Triggers>
    </DataGrid>
    <TextBlock Grid.Row="1" Text="{Binding ScrollData}" />
</Grid>

</Window>

ViewModel & stuff:
public class MainWindowViewModel : INotifyPropertyChanged
{
    public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;

    ObservableCollection<DataItem> _dataItems = new ObservableCollection<DataItem>();
    public ObservableCollection<DataItem> DataItems { get { return _dataItems; } }

    private TestCommand _scrollCommand;
    public ICommand ScrollCommand { get { return _scrollCommand; } }

    public string ScrollData { get; set; }

    public MainWindowViewModel()
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
        {
            _dataItems.Add(new DataItem() { Field1 = i.ToString(), Field2 = (i * 2).ToString(), Field3 = (i * 3).ToString() });
        }

        _scrollCommand = new TestCommand(OnScroll);
    }

    private void OnScroll(object param)
    {
        ScrollChangedEventArgs args = param as ScrollChangedEventArgs;

        if (args != null)
        {
            ScrollData = $"VerticalChange = {args.VerticalChange}; VerticalOffset = {args.VerticalOffset}";
            PropertyChanged?.Invoke(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(nameof(ScrollData)));
        }
    }
}

public class DataItem
{
    public string Field1 { get; set; }
    public string Field2 { get; set; }
    public string Field3 { get; set; }

}

public class TestCommand : ICommand
{
    private Action<object> _execute;

    public event EventHandler CanExecuteChanged;

    public TestCommand(Action<object> execute)
    {
        _execute = execute;
    }

    public bool CanExecute(object parameter)
    {
        return true;
    }

    public void Execute(object parameter)
    {
        _execute(parameter);
    }
}

RoutedEventTrigger from the article:
public class RoutedEventTrigger : EventTriggerBase<DependencyObject>
{
    RoutedEvent _routedEvent;

    public RoutedEvent RoutedEvent
    {
        get { return _routedEvent; }
        set { _routedEvent = value; }
    }

    public RoutedEventTrigger()
    {
    }
    protected override void OnAttached()
    {
        Behavior behavior = base.AssociatedObject as Behavior;
        FrameworkElement associatedElement = base.AssociatedObject as FrameworkElement;

        if (behavior != null)
        {
            associatedElement = ((IAttachedObject)behavior).AssociatedObject as FrameworkElement;
        }
        if (associatedElement == null)
        {
            throw new ArgumentException("Routed Event trigger can only be associated to framework elements");
        }
        if (RoutedEvent != null)
        {
            associatedElement.AddHandler(RoutedEvent, new RoutedEventHandler(this.OnRoutedEvent));
        }
    }
    void OnRoutedEvent(object sender, RoutedEventArgs args)
    {
        base.OnEvent(args);
    }
    protected override string GetEventName()
    {
        return RoutedEvent.Name;
    }
}

CustomCommandAction class for passing args to the command
public sealed class CustomCommandAction : TriggerAction<DependencyObject>
{
    public static readonly DependencyProperty CommandParameterProperty =
        DependencyProperty.Register("CommandParameter", typeof(object), typeof(CustomCommandAction), null);

    public static readonly DependencyProperty CommandProperty = DependencyProperty.Register(
        "Command", typeof(ICommand), typeof(CustomCommandAction), null);

    public ICommand Command
    {
        get
        {
            return (ICommand)this.GetValue(CommandProperty);
        }
        set
        {
            this.SetValue(CommandProperty, value);
        }
    }

    public object CommandParameter
    {
        get
        {
            return this.GetValue(CommandParameterProperty);
        }

        set
        {
            this.SetValue(CommandParameterProperty, value);
        }
    }

    protected override void Invoke(object parameter)
    {
        if (this.AssociatedObject != null)
        {
            ICommand command = this.Command;
            if (command != null)
            {
                if (this.CommandParameter != null)
                {
                    if (command.CanExecute(this.CommandParameter))
                    {
                        command.Execute(this.CommandParameter);
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    if (command.CanExecute(parameter))
                    {
                        command.Execute(parameter);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

A: I don't know mvvmjaco but I have some hint for 2nd question. You cann't add handler to ScrollChanged directly from DataGrid. You can extend DataGrid and add custom event there. For example:
public class ExtendedDataGrid : DataGrid
{
    public event ScrollChangedEventHandler ScrollChanged;

    public override void OnApplyTemplate()
    {
        base.OnApplyTemplate();

        var scrollViewer = (ScrollViewer)GetTemplateChild("DG_ScrollViewer");

        scrollViewer.ScrollChanged += OnScrollChanged;
    }

    protected virtual void OnScrollChanged(ScrollChangedEventArgs e)
    {
        ScrollChangedEventHandler handler = ScrollChanged;
        if (handler != null)
        {
            handler(this, e);
        }
    }

    private void OnScrollChanged(object sender, ScrollChangedEventArgs e)
    {
        OnScrollChanged(e);
    }
}

XAML:
<local:ExtendedDataGrid>
        <i:Interaction.Triggers>
            <i:EventTrigger EventName="ScrollChanged">
                <ei:CallMethodAction TargetObject="{Binding}"
                                     MethodName="OnScrollChanged" />
            </i:EventTrigger>
        </i:Interaction.Triggers>
    </local:ExtendedDataGrid>

handler:
public void OnScrollChanged(object sender, ScrollChangedEventArgs e)
    {

    }

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Suggested Citation: Garko, M.G. (2017, May). Coronary heart disease – Part IV: Non-Modifiable Risk Factors. Health and Wellness Monthly. Retrieved (insert month, day, year), from www.letstalknutrition.com.
Coronary Heart Disease – Part IV: Non-Modifiable Risk Factors
Michael Garko, Ph.D.
Host of Let's Talk Nutrition
"Sooner or later we all have to die of something." This often heard statement reflects a fatalistic approach to health and wellness. Those who subscribe to it believe that trying to preserve and protect one's health is fundamentally pointless because what will be, will be, that any health related event (e.g., a heart attack) in a person's life is inevitable or otherwise predetermined.
While adopting a fatalistic approach to health and wellness may serve as a convenient way to rationalize away the concept of an increased risk (i.e., likelihood) for developing coronary heart disease (CHD), it is not without its consequences. For one thing, it fosters ignorance and inaction because it is predicated on the belief that learning about and avoiding modifiable risk behaviors (e.g., heavy alcohol and tobacco use, unhealthy diet, sedentary lifestyle, etc.), never mind non-modifiable ones (i.e., increasing age, gender, race-ethnicity and family history), will not make much of a difference in determining the course of a person's health.
Furthermore, a fatalistic model of health and wellness renders the concept of making choices meaningless when it comes to a person's health and wellness, and thereby, short circuits the principle of people taking personal responsibility for their health. It disempowers people and increases their likelihood of suffering from CHD or some other life threatening disease.
In the continuing effort to give health consumers the necessary information to take personal responsibility in preserving, protecting and promoting better health and reducing their chances of becoming debilitated by or dying from CHD, this May, 2017, issue of Health and Wellness Monthly is an update of an earlier article examining the major non-modifiable risk factors for CHD.
Non-Modifiable Risk Factors For Coronary Heart Disease
Non-modifiable risk factors are fixed, unchangeable traits (e.g., age, gender and race-ethnicity). Increasing age and heredity are the two major categories of non-modifiable risk factors for CHD.
Increasing Age
CHD develops over the lifespan of an individual. As people age the more likely they are to develop CHD and suffer a fatal heart attack. After 40 years of age, the lifetime risk of developing CHD is 49% for men and 32% for women. More than four out of five or 81% of the people dying from CHD are 65 years of age or older[1] (see Roger et al., 2012).
Notwithstanding these statistics, reporting that increasing age is a risk factor tends to leave people feeling rather helplessness in combating CHD. The challenging unanswered question is, "How does increasing age become implicated in the development of CHD?"
As it turns out, research is being conducted on arterial and cardiac aging and why it is that cardiovascular disease (CVD)[2] is more likely in elderly persons (e.g., see Lakatta, 2003; Lakatta & Levey, 2003a, 2003b). Investigators are attempting to determine the ways in which the structure and function of the cardiovascular system changes over time and how those changes contribute to the risk of developing CHD. One proposed hypothesis is that age-related changes in the structure and function of the cardiovascular system become intertwined with disease-related processes which brought about by such risk factors as hypertension, inflammation, smoking and obesity, among others (see Lakatta & Levey, 2003a, 2003b).
The age-disease interaction hypothesis assumes that aging and disease formation are not necessarily one and the same process or at least they do not have to be. This holds important implications for how people think, feel and behave about their health, which will be discussed later.
It is firmly established in the medical literature that heredity plays a significant role in the development of CHD. Heredity represents nature's involvement in putting people at risk for CHD, while lifestyle is the nurture dimension for developing the disease. As a non-modifiable risk factor, heredity implicates gender, race-ethnicity and family history.
Prior to the 1990s, it was mistakenly believed that males suffered predominantly from CVD and CHD was a male disease. However, all of the various diseases of the heart and blood vessels constituting CVD make it the leading cause of death in the U.S. for both men and women (see Roger et al., 2012). Yet, only approximately 13% of women consider CVD to be the greatest risk to their health. No other disease, including cancer, claims as many women's lives as does CVD. It is responsible for one death a minute among females, accounting for almost half-a-million female lives annually and women's lives than are claimed by the next six leading causes of death combined (American Heart Association, 2006). Furthermore, the American Heart Association (2004) reported that one in three adult females is afflicted with some form of CVD and since 1984 the number of women's deaths attributable to CVD has exceeded those for men.
With respect to CHD, it is the single leading cause of death of women in the United States. According to the American Heart Association (2004a), approximately three million women have a history of heart attack resulting from CHD. Thirty-eight percent of women suffering an initial heart attack will die from it within one year compared to 25% of men. Furthermore, "in part because women have heart attacks at older ages than men do, they're more likely to die from them within a few weeks" (American Heart Association, 2004a, p. 6). Unfortunately, 64% of woman who die suddenly from CHD did not experience any previous symptoms. Menopause signals a time in women's lives when their risk rises for CHD. The rate women contract CHD after menopause is 2-3 times those of women the same age before menopause (see American Heart Association, 2006). Hence, post-menopausal women need to be especially vigilant about CHD.
Although the statistics show women to be at risk for CVD, men have much about which they need to be concerned when it comes to diseases of the heart and blood vessels. One in four men suffers from some form of CVD. In its 44-year follow-up of participants and 20-year follow-up of their offspring, the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's (NHLBI) Framingham Heart Study (FHS) revealed that men experience their first major cardiovascular event (e.g., heart attack, stroke, congestive heart failure, angina, etc.) ten years earlier in life than women (see American Heart Association, 2004b). Even though this gap of ten years tends to narrow with advancing age, women's risk for a heart attack after menopause fails to match the risk level for men (see American Heart Association, 2004a).
Just as with females, CHD is the single leading cause of death of males in America. Half of the men who die suddenly from CHD typically do not exhibit previous symptoms, death being their first and last symptom. Between 70%-89% of sudden cardiac deaths are associated with men, with the annual incidence being 3-4 times higher in men compared to women (Roger et al, 2012).
Within a period of six years after a heart attack, 18% of men will experience another heart attack, with 8% having a stroke, 7% experiencing sudden cardiac death and 22% becoming disabled with heart failure. Compared to women, men under the age of 75 have a higher proportion of cardiac events stemming from CHD than women. The average age for men who have their first heart attack from CHD is 65.8, while the average age for women is 70.4. The lifetime risk for men and women to develop CHD after age 40 is 49% and 32%, respectively. Lastly, the incidence of CHD for women lags 10 years behind men and 20 years behind men for more serious clinical events such as heart attack and sudden death (see American Heart Association, 2006; Roger et al., 2012).
In summary, CHD imposes serious health risks for both men and women. It is the single leading cause of death for both men and women. Thus, CHD is not a disease unique to men. Women are also clearly at risk for CHD and its consequences. Yet, men are even at greater risk when it comes to CHD and heart attacks. They tend to be at a greater risk than women for CHD and they have heart attacks earlier in life than women. Although the risk for women of having a heart attack increases subsequent to menopause, their risk never rises to level that of men.
Race-Ethnicity
Statistical studies indicate that racial-ethnic minorities are at risk for diseases of the heart and blood vessels, especially CHD. CVD is the leading cause of death among African-Americans. African-Americans, Mexican-Americans, American Indians, native Hawaiians and some Asian Americans have a higher risk for CHD than Caucasians. This is the case because non-whites (especially African-Americans) have more risk factors and higher rates of overweight and obesity, diabetes and high blood pressure, which are among the most serious risk factors for CHD (see American Heart Association, 2006, Roger et al, 2012).
Number of risk factors. The more risk factors a person has the greater the likelihood of developing CHD. African-American and Mexican-American women have more risk factors for CHD than Caucasian women who share a comparable socioeconomic status. The prevalence of having two or more risk factors for CHD among racial-ethnic minorities is highest among African-Americans, American Indians and Alaska Natives and lowest among Asians (see American Heart Association, 2006).
High blood pressure. The prevalence of HBP (hypertension) in African-Americans in America is considered to be among the highest world-wide. African-Americans ages 20-39 exhibit a higher prevalence of pre-hypertension than Caucasians and Mexican Americans. Compared to Caucasians, African-Americans develop full-blown HBP earlier in life and their average blood pressure is considerably higher. "As a result, compared with whites, blacks have a 1.3 times greater rate of nonfatal stoke, a 1.8 times greater rate of fatal stroke, a 1.5 times greater rate of heart disease death and a 4.2 time greater rate of end-stage kidney disease" (American Heart Association, 2006, p. 109). In comparison to Caucasian women, African-American women experience an 85% higher rate of ambulatory medical care visits for HBP.
Overweight and Obesity. Although the obesity-overweight and obesity statistics in Caucasian, African-American and Mexican-American adult males are somewhat similar, African-American and Mexican-American adult females suffer from significantly higher rates of being overweight or obese than adult Caucasian females, putting these minority female groups at greater risk for CHD (see American Heart Association, 2006; Roger et al., 2012).
It is important to point out that a higher percentage of African-American and Mexican-American male and female children ages 6-11 and adolescents ages 12-19 suffer from being overweight than their Caucasian counterparts. This of course sets the stage for the children and adolescents from these minority groups to be at an even greater risk for becoming overweight or obese adults than their Caucasian counterparts.
Diabetes Mellitus. Based on a Medline search of 290 articles on diabetes, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Public Health Service through its Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality or AHRQ (2001) found that the burden of diabetes on minorities is greater than it is on Caucasians. Specifically, AHRQ (2001) reported that (1) all minorities, except for Alaska Native, are 2-6 times more likely to have Type 2 diabetes than Caucasians, (2) African Americans are from 1.4 – 2.2 times more likely to contract diabetes than Caucasians, (3) Hispanic-Americans have a higher prevalence of diabetes than non-Hispanics, (4) the prevalence of diabetes among American Indians is 2.8 times the overall rate, (5) primary groups within the Asian and Pacific Islander communities (i.e., Japanese Americans, Chinese Americans, Filipino Americans & Korean Americans) have higher prevalence rates for diabetes than Caucasians and (6) death rates related to diabetes for African-Americans, Hispanic Americans and American Indians were higher than those for Caucasians. In sum, given that it afflicts them in a sigificant way and given that it is major risk factor for the development CHD, there is little doubt that diabetes puts racial-ethnic minorities at risk for CHD.
Certain families seem to be more plagued with and predisposed to diseases of the heart and blood vessels than do other families. Medical researchers have devoted considerable attention to unraveling the ways in which family history becomes implicated with the different forms of CVD, including CHD. They have established that people are at a significantly increased risk for CVD when they have family members (especially first degree relatives & even second degree relatives) who have a history of (1) CVD (e.g., CHD, stroke, heart failure, angina pectoris, hypertension, etc.), (2) cardiac related events (e.g., myocardial infarction/heart attack & sudden death) and (3) cardiovascular risk factors (e.g., obesity, diabetes, adverse lipid/cholesterol profile, smoking, etc.) (see Bao et al., 1995; Barrett-Connor, E. et al., 1984; Blonde et al., 1981; Burke et al., 1991; Friedlander et al., 1998; Khaw & Barrett-Connor, 1986; Laskarzewski et al., 1981; Munger et al. 1988; O'Donnell, 2004; Sesso et al., 2001).
In an effort to understand the risk-raising connection of family history to CVD, medical researchers have attempted to identify those genes that predispose people to diseases of the heart and blood vessels (e.g., see Neufeld et al., 1983). For example, there are studies focusing on genetically transmitted cardiovascular diseases such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Long-QT syndrome and Marfan syndrome that have a deleterious effect on the anatomic structure (heart size) and function (heart rate/muscle contraction) of the heart (e.g., see Ku et al., 2003; Maron et al., 1998; Singh et al., 1999).
There are also studies devoted to genes affecting the metabolic functioning of lipids and other bio-markers that have the potential to make people more susceptible bio-chemically and predisposed statistically to CHD and other types of CVD. For example, researchers have learned that certain gene mutations or variations can result in (1) high LDL cholesterol levels (2) low HDL cholesterol levels, (3) iron overload in the blood, (4) elevated homocysteine levels, (5) high Lp(a) levels, (6) increased triglyceride levels, (7) familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD), (8) an increase in adipose tissue, among other genetically derived risks for CHD (e.g., see Life Extension Foundation, 2003).
It is clear from the scientific research presented above that increasing age and heredity have an impact on cardiovascular health. Since experts use such terms as "unchangeable," "predetermined" and "uncontrollable" to describe them, the reader might wonder whether non-modifiable risk factors for CHD reinforce the fatalistic approach to health. Of course we all end up with a death certificate. However, our departure from this earth does not need to be premature. Nor does it need to be characterized by a protracted and debilitating illness of CHD brought on by a failure to take personal responsibility to prevent it (a hallmark of the fatalistic approach).
Heart-Healthy Choices
Some people are put at a potential health disadvantage by their increasing age or heredity or both. However, they do not have to live their lives with a feeling of impending doom created by the belief that they will die from CHD because of non-modifiable risk factors. Contrary to a fatalistic approach to health, we are not ill-fated when it comes to aging and heredity. Even with non-modifiable risk factors, we are not rendered helpless and without choices to prevent CHD.
One choice people can make is to become familiar with the non-modifiable factors associated with CHD. Having even a rudimentary understanding of non-modifiable risk factors can help people (1) determine if they may be at risk, (2) assess their level of risk, (3) teach them about and alert them to the early warning signs for CHD and (4) make them more vigilant and health conscious, all of which reduces the danger of suffering or dying from CHD.
Another choice people can make is to adopt a heart-healthy diet and lifestyle designed to modulate the effects of non-modifiable risk factors and prevent CHD. Generally speaking, a heart healthy diet and lifestyle would include day-to-day habits that prevent the atherosclerotic build-up of plaque in the coronary arteries, keep blood pressure from rising above normal levels and maintain the structure and function of the heart muscle.
A third option for people whose age or heredity (i.e., gender, race-ethnicity and family history) put them at risk for CHD is to keep the number of modifiable risk factors to a minimum (e.g., high blood pressure, diabetes, overweight-obesity, excessive tobacco and alcohol use, sedentary lifestyle, high LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels, low HDL cholesterol levels, etc.). In addition to the scientific findings on the health consequences of having more rather than less risk factors for CHD, common sense dictates that the more non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors a person has the greater the likelihood for developing CHD and either becoming debilitated by or dying from it.
Non-modifiable Risk Factors As Modifiable
On the one hand, aging and heredity are non-modifiable in the sense that they possess programmed qualities. On the other hand, they are not immutable to the extent that people are left without any choices to moderate their impact on the development of CHD. Moreover, thinking about non-modifiable risk factors for CHD in less conventional terms opens the up the opportunity to make heart-healthy choices.
Aging. For example, rather than construing aging as a chronological phenomenon it is more useful to think about aging in functional/biological terms. That is, aging is not just about the passage of time. Rather, it is also about the bio-physical health status of a person at any given point in time. It is theoretically possible for an individual to be chronologically 50 but biologically 35 or chronologically 50 and biologically 65.
The point is that while chronological age (i.e., the passage of time) is non-modifiable, functional/biological age is modifiable. Diet/nutrition and lifestyle or otherwise what is put into the body and what is done to and with the body greatly influences the functional age of the body.
Heredity. Nutrition and lifestyle also influence the course of heredity. In this regard, a variation of an often cited principle is that genetics loads the gun, while diet and lifestyle pull the trigger. Even those who are gifted with a "healthy" set of genes can accelerate the process of aging and disease through poor diet and an unhealthy lifestyle. On the flipside of the genetic coin, individuals who may possess a set of genes making them more vulnerable to aging and disease can live a long and vibrant life through practicing nutritional and lifestyle principles that promote good health.
Preventing the potentially deleterious effects of non-modifiable risk factors for CHD is an achievable health goal. It all comes down to the nutritional and lifestyle choices that are made.
American Heart Association (2006). Heart disease and stroke statistics – 2006 Update. Dallas: A report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Subcommittee, Texas: American Heart Association.
American Heart Association (2004a). Statistical fact sheet – populations: Women and cardiovascular diseases. Dallas, Texas: American Heart Association.
American Heart Association (2004a). Statistical fact sheet – populations: Men and cardiovascular diseases. Dallas, Texas: American Heart Association.
Bao, W., Srinivasan, S.S., Wattigney, W.A. & Berenson, G. (1995). The relation of parental cardiovascular disease to risk factors in children and young adults: The Bogalusa heart study. Circulation, 91, 365-371.
Barrett-Connor & Khaw, K.T., E. (1984). Family history of heart attack as independent predictor of death due to cardiovascular disease. Circulation, 69, 1065-1069.
Blonde, C.V. Webber, L.S., Foster, T.A., & Berenson, G.S. (1981). Parental history and cardiovascular disease risk factor variables in children. Preventive Medicine, 10, 25-37.
Burke, G.L., Savage, P.J., Sprafka, J.M., Selby, J.V., Jacobs, D.R., Perkins, L.L., Roseman, J.M., Hughes, G.H. & Fabsitz, R.R. (1991). Relation of risk factor levels in young adulthood to parental history of disease: The CARDIA study. Circulation, 84, 1176-1181.
Friedlander, Y., Siscovick, D.S., Weinmann, S., Austin, M.A., Psaty, B.M., Lemaitre, R.N., Arbogast, P., Raghumnathan, T.E. & Cobb, L.A. (1998). Family history as a risk factor for primary cardiac arrest. Circulation, 97, 155-160.
Khaw, K.T. & Barrett-Connor, E. (1986). Family history of heart attack: A modifiable risk factor? Circulation, 74 239-244.
Ku, L., Feiger, J. Taylor,M., Mestroni, L., and on behalf of the Familial Caridomyopathy Registry (2003). Circulation, 108, 118-121.
Lakatta, E.G. (2003). Arterial and cardiac aging: Major shareholders in cardiovascular disease enterprise: Part III: Cellular and molecular clues to heart and arterial aging. Circulation, 107, 490-497.
Lakatta, E.G. & Levy, D. (2003a). Arterial and cardiac aging: Major shareholders in cardiovascular disease enterprise: Part I: A "set up" for vascular disease, Circulation, 107, 139-146.
Lakatta, E.G. & Levy, D. (2003b). Arterial and cardiac aging: Major shareholders in cardiovascular disease enterprise: Part II: The aging heart in health: Links to heart disease. Circulation, 107, 346-354.
Laskarzewski, P., Morison, J.A., Horvitz, R. Khoury, P., Kelly K., Mellies, M. & Glueck, C.J. (1981). The relationship of parental istory of mycocardial infarction, hypertension, diabetes and stroke to coronary heart disease risk factors in their adult progeny. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 113, 290-306.
Life Extension Foundation (2003). Cardiovascular disease: Comprehensive analysis. In M. Segala (Ed.), Disease prevention and treatment (pp. 423-528). Hollywood, FL: Life Extension Media.
Munger, R.G., Prieas, R.J. & Gomez,-Marin, O. (1988). Persistent elevation of blood pressure among children with a family history of hypertension: The Minneapolis children's blood pressure study. Journal of Hypertension, 6, 647-653.
Neufeld, H.N. & Goldbourt, U. (1983). Coronary heart disease: Genetic aspects. Circulation, 67, 943-954.
Maron, B.J., Moller, J.H., Seidman, C.E., Vincent, M., Dietz, H.C., Moss, A.J., Towbin, J.A., Sondheimer, H.M., Pyeritz, R.E, McGee, G. & Epstein, A.E. (1998). Circulation, 98, 146001471.
O'Donnell, C.J. (2004). Family history, subclinical atherosclerosis, and coronary heart disease risk: Barriers and opportunities for the use of family history information in risk prediction and prevention. Circulation, 110, 2074-2076.
Roger, V., Go, A.S., Lloyd-Jones, D.M., Benjamin, E.J., Berry, J.D., Borden, W.B., Bravata, D.M., Dai, S., Ford, E.S., Fox, C.S., Fullerton, H.J., Gillespie, C., Hailpern, S.M., Heit, J.A., Howard, V.J., Kissela, jB.M., Kittner, S.J., Lackland, D.T.., Lichtman, J.H., Lisabeth, L.D., Makuc, D.M., Marcus, G.M., Marelli, A., Matchar, D.G., Mou, C.S., Mozaffarian, D., Mussolino, M.E., Nichol, G., Paynter, N.P., Soliman, E.Z., Sorlie, P.D., Sotoodehnia, N., Turan, T.N., Virani, S.S., Wong, N.D. Woo, D. & Turner, M.B. (2011). Heart disease and stroke statistics – 2012 Update: A report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. Retrieved January, 2012, from http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/early/2011/12/15/12/CIR.0b013e31823ac046.DC1.html
Sesso, H.D., Lee, I.M., Gaziano, J.M., Rexrode, K.M., Glynn, R.J., & Buring, J.E. (2001). Maternal and patenal history of myocardial infarction and risk of cardiovascular disease in men and women. Circulation, 104, 393-398.
Singh, J.P., Martin, G.L., O'Donnell, J., Hisako, T, Evans, J.C. & Levy, D. (1999). Circulation, 99, 2251-2254.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Public Health Service (2001). Fact sheet: Diabetes disparities among racial and ethnic minorities (AHRQ Publication No. 02-P007).
[1] In addition to the age-related statistics for CHD, the statistics for other forms of CVD also show the role of increasing age as a risk factor for CVD (see Roger et al., 2012 for Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics – 2012 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee.
[2] CVD is used to mean diseases of the heart and blood vessels. CHD is a form of CVD. CHD includes heart attack and angina pectoris (see Roger et al., 2012.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Tradition: When clubs mess with their colours
by Sarah Cooper
in Latest, Opinion
There's nothing more mesmerising than a sea of fans all decked out in their club's colours.
It's one of the most iconic parts of football itself. Colours not only unifies but sets us apart, forming both bonds and rivalries, whilst giving each club its own identity.
Our team colours also go on to form affinities through life too. Those colours help to shape and influence our choices from clothing to interiors. Not only do we tend to prefer colours that are linked with our own club, we often despise colours associated with our rivals.
Despite how deep club colours run, it doesn't stop club owners from tinkering with them. Unfortunately, but not always, when colours are changed, it feels like the heart of the club is being ripped out leaving many fans seething. In recent times, one of the most standout situations is Cardiff City.
Cardiff has a long affinity with the colour blue dating back to 1908 when they first became known as Cardiff City. Adopting blue and white as their home colours. It also played a part in influencing the club's nickname 'the bluebirds'. So when the club suddenly transformed to wearing red home kits in the 2012-13 season it was met with outrage. Despite this, and amidst protests, red still managed to stick around for two and a half-seasons. Eventually, they converted back to blue, halfway through the 2016-17 season.
Nonetheless it didn't put a stop to the stadium extension in the Ninian stand containing an upper section of red seats. Which looks quite bizarre amongst the blue and white seating in the rest of the stadium.
To further add insult to injury, Cardiff's owner Vincent Tan decide to have the badge re-designed. The famous bluebird became a red dragon! At this point, you could be forgiven for thinking that the owner was after a reflection of the Welsh national team. Which might not seem so bad if it wasn't for the fact that Cardiffs nearest rivals after Swansea, happen to be Bristol City, who also play in red. It was a recipe for a disaster.
The reason Vincent Tan changed to red was due to it being his 'lucky colour'. Believing it would 'bring good fortune'. It was also a condition of his further investment in the club. Still, changing clubs colours to conform to your tastes, whilst ignoring an entire history, is never going to sit well.
Eventually, common sense prevailed in an apparent 'heart-to-heart' with his mother, who allegedly convinced him to revert back to blue. He also changed the badge back. Despite this, blue wearing teams still take great pride in chanting 'we'll always be blue' when playing them.
On the flip side, somewhat, is Salford City. Whilst they did try to put up a fight to try and save their tangerine colour it didn't stick. These days little old Salford are no longer playing around in the lower leagues. Instead, they currently sit proudly in league two. They have quickly risen up the leagues after a certain group of former Manchester United players took over, who then decided that Salford could be more like United by switching from playing in tangerine and white, to red, white and black!
Whilst the colour change immediately saw fans remark about the similarity to that of United, it went down with the fans better than the likes of Cardiff. This was partly down to a smaller fan base and the fact that red isn't a huge step away from tangerine. Then again Salford is pretty much United territory anyway. Many United fans hail from that area and it borders a large part of Manchester city centre.
Another reason the colour change went more smoothly might have something to do with Salford only forming in the 1940s. Their kit history is more mixed too. Playing in blue and white for a while and then maroon. Rumour has it, that tangerine was only worn when they borrowed kits off Blackpool due to financial reasons and not being able to afford their own. The tangerine colour stuck and various incarnations of it were sported. Pairing it with white shorts then black shorts. One season even see an all orange shirt and shorts but paired with blue socks!
Talking of Blackpool they introduced the same colour in the 1923-24 season after being influenced by the Dutch. Blackpool's director Albert Hargreaves, who happened to be a referee, had officiated a game between Belgium and the Netherlands. He took a fancy to the Dutch kit, so much so he persuaded the other directors at Blackpool to adopted the unusual colour, initially pairing it with black.
The club kept this kit for 10 connective seasons before having a break. They reintroducing it but this time pairing it with white. Whilst it's difficult to find out how much of an uproar it caused among fans, it was criticised by news outlets at the time. In 1925 the following comparison was made "Tangerine and black may sound well, but the team cut a sorry figure at Ewood Park by comparison with the spotless and debonair blue and white of the Rovers". This is insinuating that tangerine wasn't as sophisticated as Blackburn Rovers' blue and white kit.
One reason there may be more uproar about clubs changing their colours today is likely down to marketing and branding. Much emphasis is put on club colours because of how much merchandise is now available to purchase, especially the replica kit. Colour seems to be perhaps even more entwined in a clubs history due to this. Especially purchasing years worths of home shirts only for a club to suddenly change it. Those clubs who do experience it, can end up feeling like they've being stabbed in the back or like their clubs history is being erased.
In-terms of not so much messing with their colours but taking perhaps a more experimental approach is Bayern Munich. Initially wearing pale blue shorts and white tops in 1900. The shorts were hard to obtain. Black shorts were worn as a replacement, but bizarrely described as 'dark blue'! they then took to wearing white and maroon. The 60s saw more experimenting with a red and blue stripe similar to Barcelona. Not long after they opted for red and white before transitioning to an all-red kit. The '90s saw blue accents emerge again and so the merry-go-round continues.
It's only natural with so much faffing around with home shirt combinations, fans became aggravated. The 2014-15 season saw the club return to an all-red kit. This started a campaign with fans calling for the traditional red and white colour-way. This came complete with its own social media hashtag as well as banners, handouts and chants at the stadium stating "Wir wollen rot-weisse trikots" translating as we want a red and white kit!
Following on from this, in 2018 the club made a statement after consulting with fans. Boldly claiming there would be no more blue featured in the home kit! It will be interesting to see if Bayern stick to their word given their history and the many incarnations already seen.
For most fans, it would be sacrilege to change their colours, unless it intertwines with the clubs past. Whilst many clubs have dabbled with their colours earlier in their history, today consumerism means years spent buying into the main home colours and for a club and to suddenly change that feels like an erasure.
Despite outcries from fans in recent history, it's not likely to stop some owners from trying it out, especially if they think it could appeal to other fan bases and bring about financial investment from other continents. Sadly the reality is that for most of us, it's our worst nightmare.
The Football Pink Podcast- 1. FC Magdeburg: The European champions you've probably never heard of


text:
Le comté de Haywood est un comté de la Caroline du Nord.

Histoire
Le comté a été créé en 1808 depuis la partie occidentale du comté de Buncombe. Il a été nommé en l'honneur de  qui fut le trésorier de l'État pendant 40 ans.

Communautés
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Towns
1 Canton
2 Clyde
3 Maggie Valley
4 Waynesville (siège)

Census-designated places
5 Lake Junaluska
6 West Canton

Communautés non incorporées
 Cruso
 Saunook

Démographie

Annexes

Bibliographie

Notes et références

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
A guide to Auckland's best dining precincts
By Chris Ashton| 3 years ago
Our guide to the best dining precincts in New Zealand, by a local.
New Zealand is a bit like that friend who is amazing at absolutely everything. You love them, but you also secretly want to kick them in the shins and steal their secrets for yourself.
Marlborough, Queenstown, Milford Sound, and the Bay of Islands… it's not right that one country should have so much going for it. One Kiwi friend we can forgive for excelling, however, is the harbour city of Auckland.
Located a short three-hour flight from Sydney, and less than four hours flight from Melbourne or Brisbane, Auckland has emerged from the shadow of nearby wine regions to become one of the country's most exciting gourmet destinations.
From Kingsland to Britomart and Viaduct Harbour, these are some of the gourmet hotspots you'll want to explore on your next trip across the ditch.
Street front dining at MR TOMS. Credit: MR TOMS/Facebook
Just 10 minutes from Auckland CBD, Ponsonby is the city's number one dining destination. Centered along Ponsonby Road, it's home to everything from street food to five-star restaurants that can (and sometimes do) obliterate the budget. Local favourites include MR TOMS – known for their rustic pizzas and cocktails – and the American-style Miss Moonshine's, where slow-cooked BBQ meats are the main attraction. Down the road, Mekong Baby is like a little piece of Vietnam transported direct to Auckland. When you want to go all out, Prego is the place to go for Italian, Azabu for Peruvian Japanese fusion cuisine, and SIDART for a degustation menu that will help you achieve the culinary equivalent of enlightenment.
Viaduct Harbour
Slow-cooked meats are a specialty at The Culpeper. Credit: The Culpeper
Situated on the shores of twin harbours, Auckland knows a thing or two about seafood, and it's at Viaduct Harbour where you'll find the best seafood in town. There is plenty of choice, with more than 20 bars, cafes and restaurants calling the space home. Opened in 2015, Oyster and Chop is one of the must visits. As the name suggests, they specialise in steaks and oysters. Their $2 oyster happy hours between 4 and 7pm always draw a sizable crowd. Natural, cooked, in shots, or served in a sub-style sandwich, you really cannot go wrong. If seafood doesn't float your boat, then The Culpeper is worth a look. Low n' slow is the cooking style of choice here, with Hawke's Bay lamb shoulder and the Boston pork butt just two standouts.
Mondays Wholefoods Bar & Kitchen in Kingsland. Credit: Mondays Whole Foods/Facebook
An up-and-coming suburb just three kilometres from Auckland CBD, Kingsland has a bit of a split personality. By day it's a quiet affair, an ideal place for lazy breakfasts and long lunches, but when sun sets it becomes a vibrant entertainment precinct full of trendy pubs and clubs. Mondays Wholefoods, a vine-clad café where you can take part in a morning yoga session upstairs followed by nourishing foods and drink on the ground floor, and the modern bistro dining of Phil's Kitchen are just two of the diverse options to choose from. Street art fans will be in for a treat in Kingsland too, with talented artists using car parks, laneways, and roller doors as their canvas.
Britomart
Amano Italian Restaurant in Britomart. Credit: Amano
Everything old is new again, and that's definitely the case in Britomart - a once-neglected industrial area reborn as a shopping, dining and entertainment precinct. Picture exposed brickwork, steel beams, polished concrete, and enough timber for it to almost be classed a forest. The harbour front area boasts some of the city's most exciting restaurants, from brunch hangouts to speakeasy bars and fine dining. Ostro, Café Hanoi, and Britomart Country Club are a few of the well-known favourites, while new additions such as the Italian-themed Amano prove the area isn't resting on its reputation alone. Britomart can feel a little too cool for school at times, with diners often ticking every hipster fashion cliché, but it's all part of the charm.
City Works Depot
Brothers Brewery at the City Works Depot. Credit: Brothers Brewery
Another former industrial area to receive a gourmet makeover is City Works Depot, a contemporary space of glass and steel, which started life as the Auckland Council Workshops more than 50 years ago. Today it's home a number of digital and design businesses, complemented by a smattering of trendy cafes and craft breweries. Local favourites include Best Ugly Bagels, whose hand-crafted Montreal-style bagels taste much better than they look, and the Food Truck Garage, which was created to show that fast food can be healthy. When you're feeling parched, Brothers Brewery is the perfect place to wet your whistle and also enjoy a tasty wood-fired pizza.
Auto news: Old Datsun sells for $1.1 million, breaks auction records in Japan - caradvice.com.au


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This occurs in the same world as Recovery Action and that is a close relative of our own. That story is taking place in 1868, and isn't finished yet, and in 1867 Alfred Noble had registered the patent for dynamite. That little fact leads us to this story.
"What, exactly, is it that you want us to develop for you?" The master weaver, Jacobin Goebblin, was flanked by the two most senior journeymen from his workshop. Beside them were his two most talented pattern improvisers, even though Isabel Beaudouin was still an apprentice.
"The weave patterns could be enlarged or repeated for a larger article," pointed out Maximillian Gotier, the other senior journeyman.
"Most acceptable," agreed Colonel le Bonnet, and the two men shook hands.
I'm fascinated by their weaving! Also, byt the ideas here. And the era. And and.


text:
Q: calendar comparison is not working i have written this code and its not working......
indate = "13/1/2011"
Calendar cd1 = Calendar.getInstance();
        String[] StartDate = split(inDate.trim(),"/");
        cd1.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH, Integer.parseInt(StartDate[0]));
        cd1.set(Calendar.MONTH, Integer.parseInt(StartDate[1]));
        cd1.set(Calendar.YEAR, Integer.parseInt(StartDate[2]));

currentDate ="14/1/2011"
        String CurrentDate = com.connection.loginscreen.currentDate;
        Calendar cd2 = Calendar.getInstance();
        String[] resultc = split(CurrentDate.trim(), "/");
        cd2.set(Calendar.YEAR, Integer.parseInt(resultc[2]));
        cd2.set(Calendar.MONTH, Integer.parseInt(resultc[0]));
        cd2.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH, Integer.parseInt(resultc[1]));

        if (cd1.before(cd2))
        {
            check ="1";
        }

it is not working.....

A: This is almost certainly not what you want:
cd1.set(Calendar.MONTH, Integer.parseInt(StartDate[1]));

Calendar.MONTH is zero-based... whereas humans usually read/write months in a 1-based fashion.
Leaving the details aside though, you really shouldn't be writing parsing code yourself anyway, unless you have a particularly weird format which isn't handled by libraries. If you really want to stick with the Java libraries, use SimpleDateFormat to parse it. Doing the parsing yourself will lead to mistakes like the one above and the one that jk pointed out. It's like building XML up by hand from strings: don't do it - use libraries.
Personally though, I'd recommend using Joda Time for all date/time work in Java. It's a much nicer API.

A: Don't do the parsing yourself. To convert a String to a Date, use a DateFormat, like this:
    DateFormat f = new SimpleDateFormat("dd/M/yyyy");
    String indate = "13/1/2011";
    Date cd1 = f.parse(indate);
    String currentDate ="1/14/2011";
    DateFormat f2 = new SimpleDateFormat("M/dd/yyyy");
    Date cd2 = f2.parse(currentDate);
    if (cd1.before(cd2))
    {
        check ="1";
    }

Check the SimpleDateFormat javadocs to see what patterns are defined and how it is used.


Well, I'm not going to start 2010 with a clean knitting slate, that's for sure, although the hat above is off the needles! It's just a simple chunky beret out of yarn that I bought at Maryland this year – Solitude heavy worsted. It's gorgeous (and a lot heavier than what I'd consider a heavy worsted!).
2009 had its ups and downs for me, of course, but all the travel I did this year was definitely new and exciting! Back on my big trip in January, February and March, I went to Tokyo, Kyoto, Shanghai, Beijing, Kuala Lumpur, Chennai, Delhi, Agra, a few other towns in India, and Scotland as well. If I had to pick, I think I enjoyed Japan the most. I'd love to go back.
In May I went to the Maryland Sheep and Wool for the first time, and in June I attended TNNA in Ohio as a designer! In July I went to Hawaii for vacation with my family (and came back with lots of coffee).
In October I went to Boston, and Rhinebeck – always one of my favourite events of the year. I already can't wait for the next one. And in the midst of all this, I moved to my own apartment and managed to knit just a bit too!
Many thanks to all of you who've bought my patterns or book (hopefully both!), chatted with me at events or on twitter, and everyone who reads this blog! I couldn't have had such a nice year without you.
Happy New Year – let's make 2010 a good one.
Ultimate Caramel Cornwas made and eaten. I used peanuts and a few hazelnuts, and white and semisweet chocolate. This was the first time I popped corn on the stove in oil and I'll definitely do it again! Satisfying and crazy. And yummy.
My sister's Harry Potter scarf (Prisoner of Azkaban style) was finished on time, which was Wednesday night – I washed it around midnight that night, and it was dry the morning of Christmas Eve. I put the fringe on then packed it right up to take to my parents' house!
I used Cascade Venezia Worsted, a great blend of merino and silk, 3 skeins plus the fringe's worth from a fourth skein. The gold stripes are Misti Alpaca Worsted. It isn't accurate or anything, but I think it went over well.
Very, very fiddly but not really that much knitting and super cute! And I loooove his little hands. Still needs a face but otherwise done!


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Will the iPhone X's Face ID be hackable? Security expert weighs in
The iPhone X's facial recognition technologies have been called into question by a security consultant at global tech firm Synopsys, who claims that no facial recognition technology is ever unbeatable.
Nikola Cucakovic posted a blog titled 'How secure is iPhone X Face ID facial recognition', which analysed the widespread adoption of facial recognition as a means of biometric access control.
According to Cucakovic, any facial recognition technology must be able to consistently and securely identify the right person. But that technology comes with many attack vectors threat actors can use to beat the system.
While the iPhone X is not on the market yet, information about how its Face ID works has been widely circulated.
A flood illuminator can detect a face in any light conditions and the infrared camera can also take a picture. Using a projector comprised of more than 30,000 dots, the image and dot pattern are used to create a mesh in the 'neural network'.
Every time a user looks at the device, the image is compared to the mesh. In the case of a match, the device is unlocked.
However, Cucakovic notes, Apple's SVP of worldwide marketing Phil Schiller admitted that there is a one in a million chance that somebody else could unlock a device that it not theirs with their own face… especially if it's your 'evil twin'.
Apple's Touch ID is subjected to a one-in-50,000 chance that somebody else could use their fingerprint to unlock someone else's device – and it has been done by the Chaos Computer Club.
"While it's not impossible to obtain someone's fingerprint, we can say that it's definitely more difficult than simply obtaining an image of someone's face—especially since social media and technology are so integrated into modern-day life that photos are everywhere," Cucakovic says in the blog.
"What Apple must therefore ensure is that even with a photograph of the victim's face, an attacker cannot access the phone. Many facial recognition technologies released to date have been circumvented using rudimentary techniques, including printed photographs, digital photographs, animated digital photographs, and 3D models."
While Apple claims it has worked to protect against these threats, nobody will know for sure until the device is on the market.
For enterprises 'wishing to be at the forefront of technology', Cucakovic believes that Apple's Local Authentication API, which will be used for both fingerprint and facial recognition, will be easily adopted.
"However, for some organizations, there may have been a period of analysis and review concerning Touch ID before it was approved/risk-accepted for use within the enterprise (or for use in their externally visible App Store apps)," Cucakovic states.
"Those organizations may not have assessed the risks concerning facial recognition or approved the technology for enterprise use. On Day 1 when the iPhone X is released, all apps that support Touch ID will support Face ID. This means that users of corporate devices will be able to use facial recognition even if their organisations aren't okay with that. Organizations should start to evaluate whether Face ID is appropriate for use now, ahead of the iPhone X release, to adjust their policies in time."
COVID-19 crushes fingerprint reader market
Concerns over hygiene sends biometric device revenue spiralling
NordPass releases new features on the back of extensive audit
Computer vision tech market unchallenged by controversy
Google adds iPhone capability to Advanced Protection Program
Nuance announces updates to biometric fraud detection offering
Synopsys Biometric security Facial recognition Apple iPhone


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Massport Opens Airport Terminal Connector April 30
BOSTON – After a ribbon-cutting celebration with Gov. Patrick on Monday, Massport and United Airlines will open on April 30 a new and renovated section of Terminal B that provides the latest in customer service and convenience and for the first time connects the two sides of Terminal B post-security.
When the 162,800 square foot connection opens, all United operations will relocate to Terminal B. The first departing United flights will take place on April 30, although some late night flights will arrive at the new terminal on April 29.
Massport spent about $125 million on the $170 million project which focuses on customer service and convenience by having interactive way finding signage with boarding pass scanners that show passengers their gate, and in-seat power throughout the new terminal.
"The opening of United Airlines' new concourse at Terminal B is an investment in the future of Logan Airport," said Governor Patrick. "With increased customer service and convenience, United's presence in Terminal B will continue to make Boston a top destination for domestic and international travel. I thank United Airlines and Massport for their leadership and partnership."
The building allows customers of the new American Airlines to have post-security access to old US Airways gates and American gates, which previously required a passenger connecting from one side of the terminal to the other to be rescreened.
With United moving from Terminal A, it opens up gates there for future airline and airport growth. With United leaving Terminal C, it allows JetBlue, Logan's largest airline, to continue its growth.
"Terminal B is the first step in our vision to connect Logan's terminals so passengers changing planes at Logan won't face re-screening, which is an important element in customer service and convenience,'' said Massport CEO Thomas P. Glynn. "The Terminal B project not only sets the standard in improving the airport experience, it has locally-based concessions such as Berkshire Farms Market and Stephanie's, which are new to Logan.''
Berkshire Farms Markets will have 1200 square feet area in which it will offer a variety of Berkshire and Northeast-produced artisan foods.
"As an enthusiastic supporter of local food and farms in Massachusetts, I am very pleased that the Berkshire Farms Market Store will be opening the new Terminal B connector at Logan Airport,'' said Congressman Richard E. Neal. "Travelers and airport personnel will now have a healthy dining option that promotes locally grown and produced food. Berkshire County has a thriving local farm to table economy, and now people from around the world will get a chance to sample their delicious products."
Boston Logan, 15 minutes from the intersection of Route 128 and I-90 and five minutes from downtown Boston, serves as the gateway to the New England region and offers nonstop service to 76 domestic and 35 international destinations and in 2013 handled 30.2 million passengers. Boston Logan is served by two public transit lines and is the Air Line Pilot Association's Airport of the Year for 2008 because of its commitment to safety. Over the past decade, the airport spent $4.5 billion on a modernization program that includes new terminals, public transportation access, parking facilities, roadways and airport concessions, and has been transformed into a world-class 21st Century facility. The airport generates $7 billion in total economic impact each year.
You can find us on Facebook at facebook.com/bostonlogan and follow us on Twitter at twitter.com/bostonlogan.
The Massachusetts Port Authority (Massport) owns and operates Boston Logan International Airport, public terminals in the Port of Boston, Hanscom Field and Worcester Regional Airport. Massport is a financially self-sustaining public authority whose premier transportation facilities generate more than $8 billion annually, and enhance and enable economic growth and vitality in New England. No state tax dollars are used to fund operations or capital improvements at Massport facilities. For more information please visit massport.com.
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Take action NOW.
Write to your politician.
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Your support helps the BMRSG to support asylum seekers and refugees living in detention and the community.
Read latest research on countries of origin and Australia, news, submissions, annual reports and newsletters.
We are a diverse group of ordinary Australians from all sides of politics, living just outside Sydney. The organisation has no specific religious affiliation. We are all volunteers.
Our Aims & Objectives
To encourage positive attitudes to refugees in the community and at all levels of government.
To welcome, befriend and assist refugees facing uncertain futures, in detention and in the community.
Practical, emotional and financial assistance for refugees and to encourage positive attitudes to refugees in the community and at all levels of government
Sixth National Conference for Rural Australians for Refugees – Springwood
Blue Mountains Refugee Support Group is holding the 6th National Conference for Rural Australians for Refugees which will be held in Springwood from the evening of Friday 3rd July until Sunday 5th July 2020.
The theme will be "Connecting for Change" and the program will be a mixture of forums, workshops and keynote speakers with a strong emphasis on hearing from those with lived experience and making connections.
Keep an eye on the event page. The Blue Mountains Refugee Support Group is looking forward to hearing from you
Meet some of the locals in "World of Stories".
Multicultural Health organised a celebration for Refugee Week, World of Stories. They showed this video for the first time, and Roger Grealy from BMRSG was the keynote speaker. One of those speaking on the video is Samzin Kalsang, (pictured above) who is on the Management Committee of BMRSG and active in the Tibetan community in Katoomba.
Settlement Experience of Syrian and Iraqi Refugees: Opportunities, Challenges and the Way Forward
On Thursday August 29, Edmund Rice Centre (ERC) launched officially its new research report Settlement Experience of Syrian and Iraqi Refugees: Opportunities, Challenges and the Way Forward.
The report draws on the experiences of recently arrived Syrian and Iraqi refugees in Australia, and seeks to identify gaps between current settlement supports and what else might be needed to achieve further positive outcomes for refugees.
Submission to the Inquiry on the Migration Amendment (Repairing Medical Transfers) Bill 2019
BMRSG's submission as to why we do not support this bill. "We are concerned that this bill will slow the evacuation of seriously ill people from Manus and Nauru to Australia for specialist treatment thus exacerbating their disorders. Doctors and medical personnel must always be able make the decision for rapid medical evacuation in a society which values human life.
The previous system involved many levels of bureaucracy and constant court battles to enable medical transfers, an expensive and time wasting business."
Urgent call for Government to protect asylum seekers and refugees
The Australian Human Rights Commission calls on the Australian Government to make urgent changes to improve protections for approximately 30,000 refugees and asylum seekers living in the Australian community.
A new report Lives on hold: Refugees and asylum seekers in the 'Legacy Caseload' reveals the human rights situation of approximately 30,000 refugees and asylum seekers, including families and children, who arrived in Australia by boat before 1 January 2014.
Susan Templeman's speech Migration Amendment (Repairing Medical Transfers) Bill 2019 Second Reading Speech
Member of Macquarie, Susan Templeman's speech opposing the repeal of the Medivac legislation.
MIGRATION AMENDMENT (REPAIRING MEDICAL TRANSFERS) BILL 2019 SECOND READING SPEECH
Since the Medevac laws passed in February, against the government's wishes, 110 refugees and asylum seekers have been transferred to Australia for medical treatment.
In a submission to a Senate inquiry examining the government's bid to unwind the laws, Dr Kerryn Phelps points out that about 80 per cent of cases were agreed to by the minister at the first instance and none have been refused on security grounds.
"The process is working as intended – an orderly system providing medical treatment for sick refugees in a timely manner," Dr Phelps said.
Six Years Too Long – Hawkesbury RAR Rally
About 30 people gathered in Richmond Park on Saturday 20 July 2019 to mark the six years since those seeking asylum were sent to the detention centres on Manus Island and Nauru.
Each of the men who died as a result of being detained on Manus or Nauru was remembered by name and a brief report of the circumstances of their death read and a minute's silence observed for each man. Each man's portrait was displayed and a flower laid on each chair as their stories were read. The Mayor of Hawkesbury, Councillor Barry Calvert and the Federal Member for Macquarie, Susan Templeman spoke.
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Teachers play a very important role in a student's life. It is the teachers, to a great extent who decide the shape a student's life will take. It is necessary to be adequately equipped with resources that will make the teacher a perfect role model to the students. To achieve this, Bachelor of Education or D.El.Ed. was introduced, which will teach a person about teaching and the various aspects associated with teaching.
Admission to D.El.Ed. program is open to a student who passed a Graduation degree with a minimum of 50% marks from a recognized University.
Admission in the D.El.Ed. program shall be based on Academic Merit.


DON'T CHANGE YOUR SWING – MODIFY IT!
Project Drive, the Portuguese Golf Federation initiative, continues to go from strength to strength. Children as young as six experience golf through partnerships between local authorities, schools and the Portuguese Golf Federation. David Moura, Assistant Coach of the Portuguese Golf Team, leads the development of junior golf and along with the `Project Drive' team encourages youngsters to try golf and develop a love of the game. Clubhouse Algarve recently accepted an invitation to observe the project in action at Salgados Golf Club near Albufeira and the experience was both enlightening and impressive.
Over 30 eight and nine year-olds from nearby Vale de Parra School participated in the Salgados activity which is one feature in a programme of activities for schools. Sheraton Pine Cliffs also welcomed 11 to 18 year-olds from various schools in Albufeira while Balaia Golf hosted aspiring golfers in the 11 to 18 age group from Vilamoura, Albufeira and Lagoa. The support of local golf clubs in the Algarve makes such activities possible and is greatly appreciated by organisers like Domingos Quadrio, Golf Centre Coordinator for Schools in Albufeira, who led the activities at Salgados.
The programme was organised by Domingos and he was assisted by Cristiano, a Project Drive volunteer from the Algarve University. The activity reflected meticulous planning and preparation and the children enjoyed a range of fun experiences demanding skill and concentration. Dario of the Salgados staff demonstrated a `real' drive from the first tee and was rewarded with hearty applause and warm `high fives' from his new army of young fans. Some of the youngsters were then led by Cristiano to the practice range for iron play practice. The others were directed to the putting and chipping area where various `stations' had been constructed to provide experience and practice of the all-important short game skills. Domingos emphasised that it is "very important to begin with the short game before moving on to a modified course where the youngsters complete a short round. They can then progress to a bigger, more demanding `course' as their skills and confidence develop." The youngsters here are seen enjoying learning and developing new skills and maybe we are witnessing our golfing stars of the future. What's certain is that with the dedication and professionalism of the Project Drive team supported by golf clubs and schools there is every reason to be highly optimistic about the future of golf in Portugal.


With its Cuban rhythms provided by a group ensemble which includes keyboards and trumpet (on Harry's Gone Fishing), this song is Leon's most musically carefree since "Let Your Hair Hang Down" (1977). In the text, Leon takes a look around the place and (postcard-like) reports back what he sees. The images and events are real, based on a recent holiday, but the picture of Cuba which emerges is tinged with sadness. Subjected to economic blockade by the USA, everyone is hungry for US currency, turning the island into a tourist trap at the expense of its own culture. Nevertheless, Cuba is celebrated for being one of the few real examples of a society which, despite everything, remains outside of the global capitalist system.


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An Evening with Mel Tillis and the Statesiders
December 18, 7:00 PM, Conexus Arts Centre
Mel Tillis… a member of the Country Music Hall of Fame, Songwriters Hall of Fame, and legendary star of the world famous Grand Ole Opry has made his mark as both an entertainer and song writer.
Mel's many hits include "Detroit City", "Ruby", "Coca Cola Cowboy", and "Heart Over Mind". His award winning talent as both a singer, comedian and all-round entertainer along with his chart topping songs make "Mel Tillis & The Statesider Band" one of the most in-demand shows on the road today.
Mel Tillis started performing in the early 1950's. He has performed world-wide, and has written over one thousand songs, six hundred of which have been recorded by major artists resulting in more than thirty Top Ten Singles. For six years he was also named Comedian of the Year.
Just ask anyone who has seen his live stage show – "Mel Tillis is still #1".


Your doctor may have made arrangements with you.
Xray reports from the DHB generally take longer – sometimes up to a week.
UPDATE FROM FEB 2018: You can view your lab results ONLINE at the ConnectMed Portal if you have signed up through our reception. Note these become available only after your doctor has viewed & approved them. In viewing them please also note that many results that are nominally outside the "normal range" may well be of no concern. Brief annotations written by doctors are primarily for internal clinical communication.
For long term condition medication review such as contraceptive pill or blood pressure medication only, we advise no longer than 12 months. This allows your doctor to update your health as well as review any side effects or how appropriate it is to continue on your medication.
Why is the doctor running late in seeing me?
We do try our best to keep to time, but inevitably emergencies do crop up at short notice – we ask for your patience and understanding if on occasions we need to attend to a sicker person immediately.
Arrive on time for your appointment and report to reception.
Extra time: If you think your problem may need extra time (more than the standard 15 minute appointment slot) please advise the receptionist when you make the appointment. You will need extra time if you are coming for assessment of multiple problems or for minor surgery. For insurance medicals, please inform the receptionist if this is the purpose of your visit – as we will often ask the nurse to see you first for the initial measurements and will allow for extra time to see you.
ACC related visits: If your initial ACC claim was made elsewhere, please bring the ACC details including ACC45 claim number and date of injury and diagnosis.


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Madden 21 Ratings: Tampa Bay Buccaneers prediction – Brady, Gronkowski, Evans & more
The Buccs have picked up one of the greatest QBs of all time and look to have an amazing offense.
Team Rating (86 OVR)
Mike Evans (WR, 92 OVR)
Rob Gronkowski (TE, 90 OVR)
Tom Brady (QB, 90 OVR)
Lavonte David (MLB, 89 OVR)
Ali Marpet (LG, 90 OVR)
Chris Godwin (WR, 88 OVR)
Tristan Wirfs (LT, 73 OVR)
Madden 21 has been confirmed with a release date of 25 August. And that means Madden 21 ratings are going to be out soon.
Now with the release date official and confirmed new features, it looks like EA is looking to make strides with the latest release of its iconic NFL franchise.
EA Play is in the rearview mirror and has left Madden 21 fans wanting more.
EA has been tightlipped about the new game, but the trailer gave us a look at some new gameplay features and confirmed a lot of details.
The Buccs started Madden 20 as one of the worst teams in the game at 78 OVR with a balanced 74 Defense and 76 Offense. It's fair to say that given their off-season acquisition of Tom Brady - This will change;
Offense - 89 OVR
Defense - 84 OVR
An elite receiver, Mike Evans is looking to make a statement in 2020.
CONSISTENT: Evans has over 1,000 receiving yards in every season of his career
Routinely looked over due to Thomas and Jones, Buccs fans will tell you that Evans should be rated on a level with them. Now he has Tom Brady throwing to him, he has everything he needs to prove it. He had a 1,157 receiving yard season in 2019 despite missing a couple of games and his consistency is one of his strongest assets.
The returning Rob Gronkowski will be a tough one to place for Madden 21 rating adjustors.
Will he be the physical beast we knew before, or will he come back a leaner, more receiving-focused player? Either way, he is likely to rate very highly.
One of the greatest NFL players of all time, Brady is coming to the end of an illustrious career.
TOUGH: Will Patriots fans ever get used to seeing this?
The 6x Super Bowl winner has moved and will suit up for the Tampa Bay Buccs this coming season. He definitely isn't the same Tom Brady from years gone by, but is he still one of the best QBs in the league? You bet.
David is an incredibly athletic defender than runs the Buccs defense.
He's getting older but managed a full season in 2019 and was a standout on defense with 3 forced fumbles. He will be expected to run a defense that just has to stay in games and give the high-powered offense something to aim at.
One of the team captains, Marpet is a bright spot on a patchy offensive line.
They are going to need him at his best to help keep Brady upright and give him time to throw the ball. A good pass protector, they will hope Marpet helps bring the other younger linemen along.
Another offensive threat on this Buccs team, Godwin went to the Pro Bowl in 2019.
He had a breakout year with 1,333 receiving yards in just 14 games and worked nicely in a 1-2 punch with Evans. Expect big things from this young player in 2020.
The 320lb tackle was taken with the 13th pick in this year's NFL Draft.
Wirfs is expected to be a solid player very quickly and start in the OL. Madden always rates rookies lower, as this gives them a chance to use the development process to improve through the season.


Where Can I Host A Public Screening?
You can host a public movie screening at your local theater, community hall, at your company, Yoga Center, local Church, organization, or any other community venue. Once you sign the license agreement and get approval, you can charge for tickets, ask for a suggested donation, or make it free–it's entirely up to you. You can host screenings as a fundraising event for your organization.
What Does It Cost To Host A Public Screening?
"Hello James, Thank you so much for your time yesterday! I want to share with you that our community stayed late last night talking to one another and sharing their stories, trials and wins. It was so lovely to be a part of it!"


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Submitted by tharris on October 3, 2014 - 1:08pm
09.25.2014 North Carolina ABC Legislative Wrap-Up 2014
BY: M. KEITH KAPP, JENNIFER A. MORGAN & RICHARD A. "RICK" ZECHINI
The 2014 legislative short session adjourned on August 20, 2014. The General Assembly passed several bills affecting alcoholic beverages in North Carolina. Significant provisions of those bills are summarized below.
S734- Regulatory Reform Act of 2014
The Regulatory Reform Act, SB 734, went into effect on September 18, 2014. It includes provisions that allow colleges with brewing programs to obtain licenses to begin selling beer produced during the program to wholesalers and retailers. See new G.S. 18B-1114.6. The bill also allows colleges with brewing programs to sell beer at an off campus retail location in the county, to sell beer at beer festivals and special events, and to conduct free tastings. As a result of the new provisions, colleges will be able to gain exposure for their brewing programs, recoup costs to fund the programs, and allow students to gain feedback on the beers they create, as well as gain experience in the marketing and sales process.
The bill is an exception to the Umstead Act, which generally prohibits state agencies from competing with private businesses.
A similar statute already exists for the sale of wine produced from colleges that hold viticulture and winemaking courses. See G.S. 18B-1114.4.
Details on the new legislation are included below.
Brewing/Distillation/Fermenting Course Authorization and Sale of Beer Produced at Wholesale and Retail
The legislation provides that a college or community college that offers a brewing, distillation, and fermentation program as part of its curriculum may:
Manufacture malt beverages on the school's campus or the school's contracted or leased property for purposes of providing educational instruction;
Possess malt beverage manufactured during the program for conducting tastings seminars and classes for students 21 years and up;
Sell malt beverages produced during the course to wholesalers or to retailers, upon obtaining a malt beverage wholesaler permit. The school as permittee may not receive shipments of malt beverages from other producers;
Sell malt beverages produced during the course to individuals at retail at one noncampus location in a county where the permittee holds and offers classes on a regular full-time basis in a facility owned by the permittee, upon obtaining an off-premises malt beverage permit;
Sell malt beverages produced during the course at retail by the glass or in closed containers and/or provide free tastings of its malt beverages at special events, including trade shows, conventions, shopping malls, malt beverage festivals, street festivals, holiday festivals, agricultural festivals, balloon races, and other local fund-raisers, upon obtaining a malt beverage wholesaler permit and malt beverage special event permit. The college or community college may participate in no more than 6 malt beverage special events within a 12 month period and may sell up to 64 cases of malt beverages, or its equivalent, at each event. For purposes of this section, a "case of malt beverages" equals a package of no more than 24 12-ounce bottles. Net proceeds from the retail sale of the malt beverages shall be retained by the school for the support of the brewing, distillation, and fermentation program.
The legislation provides that a college or community college acting under these provisions shall not be considered a "brewery" for purposes of North Carolina ABC laws and taxation laws. This means that the North Carolina Beer Franchise Law, which governs brand disputes and commercial relationships between suppliers and wholesalers for the right to offer and sell brands of malt beverages in the state, would not apply to colleges or community colleges offering brands to wholesalers. The "brewery" exemption will likely also offer colleges significant tax savings and may prevent colleges from having to comply with some of the ABC regulations on marketing and advertising.
S744 – Appropriations Act of 2014 (Budget)
Transfer of ABC Commission to Department of Public Safety
The 2014 state budget bill transfers the North Carolina ABC Commission ("ABC Commission") from the North Carolina Department of Commerce to the North Carolina Department of Public Safety, effective October 1, 2014.
While the legislation provides that the ABC Commission shall exercise its powers independently of the Secretary of Public Safety, the fact that the ABC Commission has been transferred out of the Department of Commerce could indicate a willingness of the ABC Commission to view matters arising before it with a heightened view on regulation rather than the promotion of commerce. The move also aligns the ABC Commission more closely with the North Carolina Alcohol Law Enforcement ("ALE"), the state's police arm for alcoholic beverages and a branch of the State Bureau of Investigation, under the Department of Public Safety.
ABC Commission Deputy Administrator Bob Hamilton, along with the North Carolina Rules Review Commission, are evaluating whether the ABC Commission's regulations, currently found within the Department of Commerce regulations in Title 4 of the North Carolina Administrative Code, will move or be re-numbered.
ABC Permit Fee Increase
The budget bill also increases ABC permit fees. Renewal fees for mixed beverage permittees increase from $750 to $1,000. Annual registration fees for malt beverage, fortified wine, and unfortified wine permits increase from $200 to $400 for each permit held, effective for permits issued after July 1, 2014.
30 Day Suspension of ABC Permits for Certain Criminal Charges
Another budget provision provides that the ABC Commission shall immediately suspend ABC permits for 30 days if (1) ALE or local ABC board officers provide the ABC Commission notice of an undercover operation, and (2) as a result of the undercover operation, five or more persons are criminally charged with violations of the gambling, disorderly conduct, prostitution, controlled substance, or felony criminal counterfeit trademark laws. This new provision applies to criminal charges filed on or after October 1, 2014.
H1050 – Omnibus Tax Law Changes
Effective May 1, 2015, the ABC Commission will require compliance with tax laws by ABC permittees and will have new enforcement mechanisms to review and confirm state tax compliance.
Compliance with Tax Laws by ABC Permitees
In order to be eligible to receive and continue to hold an ABC permit, an applicant or permittee must be current in filing all applicable tax returns to the State and must be current in payment of all taxes, interest, and penalties. The legislation does not apply to special occasion permits, special one-time permits, and salesman permits.
The undue hardship provision, which allows the ABC Commission to decline to take action against a permittee in violation of certain ABC laws, does not apply to these tax provisions.
New Procedure to Confirm State Tax Compliance
The new legislation provides that upon request of the ABC Commission, the North Carolina Department of Revenue must provide information to the ABC Commission to confirm a person's compliance with applicable tax laws. If the Department of Revenue notifies the ABC Commission that a person is not in compliance, the ABC Commission may not issue or renew the person's permit until the ABC Commission receives notice from the Department of Revenue that the person is in compliance.
While statutes provide that state employees having access to tax information may not disclose the information to others, the legislation carves out an exception for state employees to provide the information to the ABC Commission for purposes of compliance with state tax laws.
Denials of ABC Permits for Failure to Comply with Tax Laws are Not Contested Cases
The legislation provides that a person affected by an ABC Commission action on issuance, suspension, or revocation of an ABC permit for failure to satisfy tax laws is not eligible to file a petition for a contested case hearing for review of the issue by an administrative law judge, as the matter is not a "contested case" under the North Carolina Administrative Procedure Act. Therefore, there is likely no remedy for a person denied the issuance or renewal of an ABC permit by the ABC Commission, other than becoming compliant with applicable tax laws or possibly pursing expensive litigation in the court system.
M. Keith Kapp
Jennifer A. Morgan
Richard A. "Rick" Zechini
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