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The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian, 10th Anniversary Edition
By Sherman Alexie
Read by Sherman Alexie
Sherman Alexie Little, Brown Young Readers, Little, Brown Books for Young Readers 9780316504041
The 10th anniversary edition of Sherman Alexie's National Book Award-winning and #1 New York Times bestselling novel—bonus content included! Sherman Alexie, in his first book for young adults, tells the story of Junior, a budding cartoonist growing up on the Spokane Indian Reservation. Determined to take his future into his own hands, Junior leaves his troubled school on the reservation to attend an all-white farm town high school where the only other Indian is the school mascot. Heartbreaking, funny, beautifully written, semi-autobiographical, and coupled with poignant drawings that reflect the character's art, The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian will continue to make a lasting impression for many years to come. Bonus content to include an author's note, deleted scenes, and more!
A National Book Award Winner
A Town & Country Magazine Pick of Books to Educate Kids and Teens about Race
The 10th anniversary edition of Sherman Alexie's National Book Award-winning and #1 New York Times bestselling novel—bonus content included!
Sherman Alexie, in his first book for young adults, tells the story of Junior, a budding cartoonist growing up on the Spokane Indian Reservation. Determined to take his future into his own hands, Junior leaves his troubled school on the reservation to attend an all-white farm town high school where the only other Indian is the school mascot.
Heartbreaking, funny, beautifully written, semi-autobiographical, and coupled with poignant drawings that reflect the character's art, The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian will continue to make a lasting impression for many years to come. Bonus content to include an author's note, deleted scenes, and more!
"Sure to resonate and lift spirits of all ages for years to come." —USA Today
"Working in the voice of a fourteen-year-old forces Alexie to strip everything down to action and emotion, so that reading becomes more like listening to your smart, funny best friend recount his day while waiting after school for a ride home." —New York Times Book Review
"Opening this book is like meeting a friend you'd never make in your actual life and being given a piece of his world, inner and outer. It's humane, authentic." —The Guardian (London)
"Younger teens looking for the strength to lift themselves out of rough situations would do well to start here." —Booklist
Author Bio: Sherman Alexie
Sherman Alexie is a poet, short-story writer, novelist, and performer. He is a winner of the PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction, the PEN/Malamud Award for Short Fiction, a PEN/Hemingway Citation for Best First Fiction, and the National Book Award for Young People's Literature. A Spokane/Coeur d'Alene Indian, he grew up in Wellpinit, Washington, on the Spokane Indian Reservation, and has been an urban Indian since 1994.
Publisher: Little, Brown Young Readers
Audience: Young Adult (12–17)
AE Catalog ID: H4W268


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The Bukovica massacre was a massacre of Muslims in Bukovica, Pljevlja, in the Axis-occupied Italian governorate of Montenegro. It took place on 4–7 February 1943, during Pavle Đurišić's Chetniks' 1943 cleansing campaign (conducted against the order of supreme Chetnik command). The massacre was aimed at establishing Chetnik control over territories held by the Sandžak Muslim militia. After a short battle with the Muslim militia, Chetniks captured Bukovica and killed over five hundred civilians.

Background

Geography and demography

Bukovica is a rural area of Pljevlja municipality located in northern Montenegro, and is part of the Sandžak region. Prior to the start of World War II, the population of Bukovica was predominantly Muslim, with a substantial Serb population.

Muslim militia in Sandžak

At the end of April 1941 and into the beginning of May, Croatian Ustaše forces captured Sandžak. Political representatives of the Muslim population requested that the territory of Sandžak should be annexed by the Independent State of Croatia. Thus the Sandžak Muslim militia was established in all regions of Sandžak, including Pljevlja. After withdrawal of the Ustaše from Sandžak in September 1941, the region came under control of Italian forces as part of Italian governorate of Montenegro. In April 1942, Italians established a battalion of Muslim militia in Metaljka, near Čajniče, composed of about 500 Muslims from villages near Pljevlja and Čajniče. Soon after, a command post of Muslim militia was established in Bukovica, near Pljevlja. It was commanded by Latif Moćević, the president of Bukovica municipality. From the end of May 1942, his units attacked and killed local Serbs.

In December 1942, around 3,000 Muslims attacked the Serbian village of Buđevo and several surrounding villages near Sjenica, burning down Serb houses and murdering Serb citizens. According to Chetnik sources, Muslims were preparing to expel Serbs who lived on the right bank of Lim, Pljevlja, Čajniče, and Foča.

Order of Draža Mihailović

On 3 January 1943 Draža Mihailović issued an order for the "cleansing of Ustaše-Muslim organizations" from Čajniče region with the explanation that Ustaše and Sandžak Muslim militia forces had continued to attack and kill Serb civilians, rob Serb-populated villages and rape women and girls. Stating that the total number of their armed forces was 2,500, Mihailović issued his order to:
 Mileševa Corps, commanded by Vojislav Lukačević and Railić Radoman,
 Drina Corps, commanded by Bajo Nikič
 Durmitor brigade, commanded by Nikola Bojović

Đurišić's January raids of revenge

On 5 January 1943 Montenegrin Chetniks, commanded by Pavle Đurišić, attacked 33 villages predominantly populated with Muslims in the region of Lower Bihor. They pursued raids of revenge against Sandžak Muslims, many being innocent villagers, with the goal of settling accounts with Muslim militias.

A group commanded by Lukačević began their attack on 5 January 1943. As soon as they attacked, Italian forces tried to intervene. On the same day a unit commanded by Rade Korda burned 15 houses and killed 15 people. The unit commanded by Miraš Savić began to attack on 6 January. On 10 January, Đurišić reported that the Chetniks under his command had burned down 33 Muslim villages, killed 400 Muslim fighters, and had also killed about 1,000 Muslim women and children in the region of Bjelo Polje.

According to some sources, Italians wanted to reward Chetniks because they had agreed to participate in the Case White operation against Communists. This allowed Chetnik attacks on the Muslim population to occur in Sandžak and Montenegro. Chetnik forces began with preparation for this attack on 1 February 1943.

At the end of January 1943, Muslims from Kalinovik in eastern Herzegovina advised Muslims from Bukovica not to allow communists to misuse them against Serbs, like Ustaše had misused them in 1942. This advice was not followed and some Muslims from this region continued to terrorize Serbs from Bukovica and neighboring places.

After a short battle with Muslim militia, Bukovica fell under Chetnik control.

Casualties

An incomplete list of 576 victims of the Chetnik attack on Bukovica municipality was published in Prilog u krvi Pljevlja 1941–45.godine (1969) by the SUBNOR (Union of Veterans of the People's Liberation War). 443 of the listed victims were children under the age of 18.  Many of the men escaped, believing that civilian villages would not be in danger. Many civilians were tortured before being killed; a number of women and girls were raped. According to an incomplete list, Chetniks burned 1,171 houses and 468 other buildings. On 1 March 1943 Latif Močević sent a report to the 1st Alpine Division Taurinense, informing them about this massacre. He stated that the number of victims in Bukovica was about 500 civilians, including 81 child in only one village - Močevići. In his testimony he said that Chetniks made a toilet from the corpses, which they named Muslim Mosque. Chetniks also threw Muslims regardless of age or gender into Ćehotina river, raped girls and than killed them with stakes through their 'private parts' and they tore skin of certain Hadžija Tahirović from below the knees than up the backs and the skin was return down the chest. Last brutal act Chetniks called Muslim women with a burqa.

The Chetniks killed Pavle Đurković, a notable person from Bukovica, because he was opposed to the massacre of Muslims.

On 16 February 1943 Ustaše reported to their ministry of external affairs that Latif Močević, a detachment commander of Muslim militia from Bukovica, and some other militia members were captured by Italians in Čajniče. According to this report, Alija Hadžimusić, a commander of Foča detachment of Muslim militia, was killed in the battle near Čajniče. Ustaše reported that the Muslim militia was surrounded near Čajniče, with insufficient ammunition, being "on the edge of annihilation."

Aftermath

On 28 February 1943 there was a conference in Prijepolje attended by Italian Lieutenant General Luigi Mentasti, who was commander of Italian forces in Montenegro. Mentasti asserted that Italian forces were not responsible for the Bukovica massacre, citing the centuries-long conflict between Orthodox Christians and Muslims. In turn, one million Serbs murdered mostly by Muslims on the territory of the Independent State of Croatia which included Bosnia and Hercegovina. He also accused the population of Bukovica of providing haven to a communist agent, an accusation that was denied by the mufti Šećerkadić from Pljevlja. Mentasti explained that Italian forces could not guarantee the security of Muslims in Pljevlja and recommended that they follow the example of Muslims from Berane and Bijelo Polje who signed agreements with Pavle Đurišić and Chetnik General Đukanović.

During the war, communists established a commission for the investigation of war crimes of occupying forces and their collaborators. After the war, this commission investigated the massacre committed by Chetniks in villages of the Pljevlja municipality and emphasized that it was committed by Chetniks commanded by Draža Mihajlović and his subordinate officers with the approval of the commander of the 1st Alpine Division Taurinense. This commission composed a list of 95 Muslims and 59 Orthodox Christian war criminals in Pljevlja during the war. Seventeen former Chetniks were accused of committing the Bukovica massacre.

References

Sources

Books

Documents

1943 in Montenegro
February 1943 events
History of the Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Chetnik war crimes in World War II
Massacres of Muslims
Massacres in 1943
1943 murders in Europe
Attacks in Montenegro

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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- San Marcos Mercury | Local News from San Marcos and Hays County, Texas - http://smmercury.com -
Police offer more details on kidnapping suspects, vehicle
Posted By Brad Rollins On 11/08/2013 @ 2:44 pm In Cops & Courts,Featured,In the mix,News,San Marcos | 13 Comments
The San Marcos Police Department is pouring every resource at its disposal to find three men who kidnapped a woman and her 4-year-old daughter on Wednesday in a daytime caper that has galvanized residents, police chief Howard Williams said this afternoon. The woman was sexually assaulted and then strangled until she lost consciousness.
San Marcos police on Friday offered more information about three men accused of kidnapping and assaulting a woman on Wednesday along with her four-year-old child.
"Dago," Hispanic male, in his 40's, approximately 6' tall with a thick build. His head was shaved and he had a small, square patch of beard on his chin. He has tattoos of crosses on both forearms. Male was called "Dago" by other suspects.
"Chico," Hispanic male, 18 – early/mid-20's in age, approximately 5'5" tall, thin build, darker skin Hispanic with closely cut hair. He has a tattoo, unknown word/name, on his neck. Male was called "Chico" by other suspects.
Hispanic male, in his 30's, approximately 5'5" to 5'7", medium build, hair has been closely shaved on the sides with longer hair on top (looked like a Mohawk-style cut growing out). This suspect may have an injury to his nose or bruised eye(s).
The vehicle
The suspect vehicle is described as an older model, maroon color GMC brand truck with peeling or fading paint.
On Friday, police released more details about the suspects and pickup truck they drove. They were also more specific about the location of the abduction, saying it happened at an overgrown low-water crossing on McKie Street bear the southbound Interstate 35 access road; police had previously said only that the kidnapping took place in the general area of Cheatham and McKie streets.
"Our department and several other agencies are working full time on this investigation," Williams said in a statement. "We want to reassure the public that every effort is being made to identify and arrest these offenders. Our officers on patrol are keeping a close look out and we have sent out bulletins throughout Texas that we are searching for these suspects. We will keep the public informed as to new developments."
San Marcos police are being assisted by the Hays County Sheriff's Office, Kyle Police Department, Texas Department of Public Safety Crime Lab, the Austin Regional Intelligence Center (ARIC) and the Texas Department of Pardons, Paroles and Probation, Williams said.
The woman was driving on McKie Street when her vehicle was bumped on the rear bumper by another vehicle. When the woman got out to check for damage, she was forced into the back seat of her own vehicle two suspects as a third followed in the truck.
The woman's head was covered and she was taken to an unknown location where she was sexually assaulted, strangled, and eventually lost consciousness, Dunn said.
The unconscious victim and her child were later left in their vehicle parked on the side of a roadway outside of San Marcos. The victim regained consciousness and was disoriented but was able to return to her residence where Police and Emergency Medical Services were summoned.
The victim suffered several non-life threatening injuries and was treated and released at a hospital. She is recovering from her injuries in the care of her family.
13 Comments (Open | Close)
13 Comments To "Police offer more details on kidnapping suspects, vehicle"
#1 Comment By Rick Bowen On 11/08/2013 @ 4:29 pm
This is beyond sad and tragic. These men must be caught and off the streets for good. I just hope and pray this lady and child can heal, find peace and not let these violent criminals ruin more lives or ever have the chance to do this again.
#2 Comment By Tarl On 11/08/2013 @ 4:46 pm
This is some hugely helpful identifying info and I hope someone who knows one or more of these perps understands how vile this crime was and calls the police immediately. This isn't a fight at a party that got out of hand, or even the recent tragedy stemming from a breakup with a jealous boyfriend. These three are absolute menaces and they need to be brought in today.
#3 Comment By Sunshine On 11/08/2013 @ 6:28 pm
Go to the bars Katz, Gold crown and Pueblo and the little grocery store in redwood. They know all the mexicans there!
#4 Comment By Lisa On 11/10/2013 @ 12:33 am
Re: "San Marcos police on Friday offered more information about three men accused of kidnapping and assaulting a woman on Wednesday along with her four-year-old child." The child was assaulted, too? Savage pigs. I hope someone takes the law into their own hands, and gets to them BEFORE the police.
It's a sad comment on our society that, despite the publication of this identifying information, these men have yet to be apprehended.
Anyone who knows these villains but has not stepped forward is no better than the perpetrators themselves.
Lisa the child watched as the mom got assaulted and raped. The truck is maroon with paint missing off of it!
I agree Tari ANYONE who knows them and has not turned them in is going to have to deal with their own personal hell~!
Hope we hear some news about an apprehension on this soon. But I fear Dago, Chico and Mohawk probably slipped across the border as soon as they knew the police were hunting them.
#9 Comment By Sara On 11/17/2013 @ 8:36 pm
Wondering if there have been any updates on this?
#10 Comment By Batman On 11/18/2013 @ 12:40 am
Someone has to know who they are, they took the person to somewhere nearby that area and likely to somewhere there was a long driveway (not across from inhabited houses or near any parks or major roads) i.e. somewhere gated or with a long driveway nearby (check google maps and look near backroads) they also likely switched to winter clothes thus covering their tattoos not far afterwards after the cold spell… someone has to know them because they had to have a place to go to… (I think its unlikely they went up guadalupe in that situation I think either nearby neighborhood, short drive up guadalupe and a turn, or down the feeder somewhere but they wont say where they were found)… there are only a couple of streets in the nearby neighborhood with areas that look shady enough where there arent parks or heavily trafficked spots… try places with aluminum foil on the windows / boards / long driveways or vines covering fences nearby … likely thought they could quickly go back to their house nearby (or their friends house)… (however, having the car with them, and the car may be reported missing, it pretty much rules out everywhere around there besides somewhere with either a gated large area like a _tow truck area… or someone who used a car cover or they were ballsy enough to drive far away in that situation which seems unlikely)
Had to be nearby towtruck lot (where if car was searched for it could not be seen)
#12 Comment By Pwnies On 11/18/2013 @ 12:57 am
Ok what if they drove straight from cheatham down the railroad tracks to the giant warehouse to the left of the scene (near the tow truck company lot)? Wouldn't you find some railroad gravel in the tires?
#13 Comment By Tarl On 11/18/2013 @ 3:56 pm
Brad, would it be possible to check back in on this story? This is an unusually violent crime for San Marcos and even a brief story saying the cops are following leads and working with Border Patrol and other authorities would be worth posting.
BTW, the more people focus on this story, the more incentive there will be for the police to find these guys.
Article printed from San Marcos Mercury | Local News from San Marcos and Hays County, Texas: http://smmercury.com
URL to article: http://smmercury.com/2013/11/08/police-offers-more-details-on-kidnapping-suspects-vehicle/
Copyright © 2014 San Marcos Mercury | Local News from San Marcos and Hays County, Texas. All rights reserved.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


This season, tassels reign supreme, so why not make a creation of your own? The lovely ladies at HonestlyWTF put together a fitting DIY project that shows you how to make a tassel bag charm. Not exactly into crafts? No problem! We also rounded up the best tassel-embellished bags to shop now. Scroll through to see photos of the final result, then head over the HonestlyWTF for all the how-to details.
Do you like to do DIY projects? If so, what kind? Tell us in the comments below!


Welcome to my Patreon Page, I am a Lead Grooming TD working at MPC. My most recent projects are Detective Pikachu (Hero groomer) and Maleficent 2 (Lead Groomer). Thanks for the interest and all the support!
We just reach a whooping 93 Hours of content on patreon!!!! For just 10 usd, to put it into context One Starbucks Caffe Mocha is $4.65. One year and a half of non stop tutorials This is so crazy!!
This is the lesson 10 Result. Just guides and base clumping.
Example of the scenes and setup that you can download on patreon.
By popular demand, Here is the new line of tutorials for Redshift starting with Product shot and light techniques! On this tutorial we are going to look into the process of creation of a product shot from the model preparation to the light set ups and rigs, textures and final materials to end with the post production to get the final piece.
Learn all the process from the First Drawing to the final Render, starting with Pen Tool Sai, to Sculpt the model on Zbrush, Retopology with maya and Final groom with XGen.
Learn how to create a cartoon environment based on concept art, from the camera and scale set up to the final modeling of assets, a complete A to Z tutorial, with modeling, assets creation, surfacing, shading, lighting and final composing.
The new tutorial is being worked on, learn how to created amazing environments for your 3D projects. Work from the start with the assets creation or use the ones that are included on the tutorials, I would fo my best to explain every step to get a great looking piece for your portfolio.
On this series we look at the workflow to make procedural materials with redshift and maya, from the color, to reflection, bump and finally to the material creation.
For this tutorial, we started with a base model, and make the basic process for making the groom, adjust the fur, flow of the fur and adjustments, the final redesign of the model with more personality and giving a more pleasant vibe in addition to the texturing and material process. With 21 Lessons and more than 10 hours of video.
If you want to check all the lessons on this tutorial, click here.
-Better Content on the videos: Each tutorial takes time, like 20 hours of work to make a High Quality tutorial, recording and editing and that.
Each month I will start a new project, sometimes a project can take a little bit more than a month, I will record all the process with commentary and upload the tutorials for 10USD patrons and with scenes for 25USD patrons.
Everyone needs to pay bills, taxes, apartment, food, etc. I am not an exception, I have a two-year-old son and the ones of you that have kids know that they are expensive, so thinking on his college found and how to educate him right or even his diapers and milk everything is money. That is the reason for me to ask a compensation.
Thank you for all your support! If you have any question don't hesitate to send me a message!
You are the best of the world!!
Me and all the furry creatures of the earth are thankful for your support!
-You get access to the basic activity feed and the private discord server.
Don't stare at his eyes, he is a monster from the nether world!
-Can help me decide the next batch of assets on the Patreon feed.
-Feeback and tips over your works.
-Can attend to the monthly workshop if the goal is reach.
-One on one feedback and critique over your works with tips as a mentorship once per week.
I will relase one full scene from my projects with all my assets ready to render per month.


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Evil Dead Rise features a different Necronomicon than the other films
Last week, we saw a green band trailer for the upcoming Evil Dead film Evil Dead Rise, which you can see in the embed above, as well as a red band trailer, which can be seen on YouTube. Writer/director Lee Cronin sat down for an interview with Empire magazine to discuss standout moments and images featured in the trailer – and during their conversation, Cronin revealed that his movie has a different edition of the Necronomicon in it than we saw in the previous Evil Dead movies. This isn't just because the book was redesigned by the new film's crew. Inspired by a scene in Army of Darkness, Cronin decided to have the evil in his movie be unleashed by a different book.
Cronin explained, "We probably worked on (the book) for three months. It's all completely hand-made, hand-drawn. It's got a different visual style to what you've seen before internally. I even brought in little hints of Celtic influences and different things to give it a hell of a lot of personality. It's the bastard cousin of the other books, and they're the bastard cousin of this. There are connections to the past (films), lines are drawn. In one of the early meetings I had with (franchise creator) Sam Raimi, I said, 'You know the way in Army Of Darkness, there's three [Necronomicons]? You had one, (Evil Dead 2013 director Fede Alvarez) had one, I'm going to take the other one.' It gave me that platform to nudge things forward, and also to showcase that we live in a world where there is more than one copy of the Necronomicon. Those books may all have slightly different personalities – it's not exactly the same book, necessarily, that Ash had in the cabin. But it's very, very firmly related. It could even be more dangerous…"
Click over to Empire to find out what else Cronin had to say about what we were shown in the trailer.
Sam Raimi handpicked Cronin to write and direct a new Evil Dead movie after seeing his feature directorial debut The Hole in the Ground. The story Cronin crafted for Evil Dead Rise has the following synopsis: A road-weary Beth pays an overdue visit to her older sister Ellie, who is raising three kids on her own in a cramped L.A apartment. The sisters' reunion is cut short by the discovery of a mysterious book deep in the bowels of Ellie's building, giving rise to flesh-possessing demons, and thrusting Beth into a primal battle for survival as she is faced with the most nightmarish version of motherhood imaginable.
Although the film is set in Los Angeles, filming actually took place in New Zealand. Lily Sullivan and Alyssa Sutherland star as the estranged sisters at the heart of the story. Gabrielle Echols, Morgan Davies, and Nell Fisher play Ellie's three kids. Mia Challis is playing Jessica, "an 18 year old girl, who is obsessed with fashion and Instagram. Jessica loves to be the center of attention, although she is smarter than she lets on".
Evil Dead franchise star Bruce Campbell doesn't appear in the new film, as he has formally retired from playing the role of the bumbling hero Ash, but he did produce the film alongside Raimi and Rob Tapert, as those three hold the rights to the series. Evil Dead Rise is a collaboration between Warner Bros., New Line Cinema, and Ghost House Pictures.
What do you think of Evil Dead Rise featuring a different edition of the Necronomicon? Let us know by leaving a comment below.
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Doing acid makes me appear smarter


What is a Cakebite Anyway?
Our signature cake flavors served up in individual bites.
Q: How are Studio Sweets Cakebites different from traditional cake pops?
A: They taste better. Unlike cake pops, Cakebites are light and fluffy on the inside with just the right amount of filling. By not crumbling the cake and mashing it into a ball shape, the cake stays true to it's original flavor.


Illustration is my passion. As I kid it was all I ever wanted to do and I feel very lucky indeed to have made a career out of it. Over the years I've created designs for all sorts of things and all kinds of people. Recent clients include Amazon and Spotify but I also love illustrating and designing for individuals and small businesses. I work in pen and ink, watercolour, gouache, acrylic, pencil and digitally. My illustrations have been used at large scale events, on websites, as part of logos, branding material and leaflets. They've also featured in books and been turned into products like pins, prints and textiles.
I've worked on a number of great installations and set designs as part of some great teams. I love all aspects of scenic painting and set dressing, but some of my favourite jobs are pictured here.
I also have experience in assisting in the running and logistics of projects, including sourcing staff, managing budgets and prop buying.
If you would like me to help you in running your project, or book me to work as a scenic painter or dresser, please get in touch.
Recent work includes: Painting decorative floors and walls for the Black Friday installation for Amazon, 2017.
Scenic painting and project management assistance for Amazon Prime unboxing event, London, summer 2018.
Set dressing for Justin Timberlake's gig for Spofity at The Roundhouse, 2018.
Window display for Selfridges, London, 2018.
Decorative painting for the Kindness Wall, which I worked on with my good friend Tristan Cochrane (www.tristancochrane.com), for Kindness.org, Southbank, London, 2018.
I love illustrating books. My most recent large scale project was illustrating a book for children who have lost a parent, following the death of its author's (Caroline Twigg) husband Iain from a brain tumour aged just 33. It was a very emotional and difficult book to illustrate but I couldn't have been happier with the end result.
If you would like me to create illustrations for your book please get in touch. I am experienced in all stages of the process from creating the artwork, through to supplying files for print.
I have lots of experience in creating business cards, letterheads, compliment slips, flyers, brochures, posters, adverts and more. Here are some recent graphic design projects I've worked on.
Over the last ten years, I have worked on lots of branding and rebranding projects and designed logos for a range of businesses, from one-man-bands through to larger companies.
I don't use any templates for any of my designs and they are all created from scratch especially for you. My approach to design is very collaborative and inclusive. I'll send you heaps of sketches and ideas along the way to be sure that I am creating a visual identity that best represents you and your brand and to ensure you feel as involved in the design process as you would like to be.
I absolutely love drawing and painting portraits. Some people ask for one-off bespoke paintings and drawings of themselves, their children or families, whereas other people want a portrait to use as part of their business's branding or in a logo. I can also do painted portraits or drawings of famous people, fave film stars, or celeb crushes - all of which make great pressies!
I work in a number of different mediums when it comes to doing portraits. One-off portraits tend to be done in pencil, watercolour or gouache, while portraits for web or business use tend to be drawn by hand first then vectorised and finished off digitally.
Your wedding or event stationery sets the tone for your special day and is the first thing that your guests will see! I have been creating unique and bespoke wedding stationery since 2006 and I love working with couples to create something totally original to them. Please get in touch to find out more!


The big API day is finally here for the New York Times. After launching a series of interesting and useful APIs since last fall, covering everything from campaign finance to movie reviews, they've now released their most important API to date: their Article Search API. With this new web service, developers now have access to 2.8 million articles from the paper of record dating from 1981 through today (our Article Search profile). This API should be a terrific source for a wide range of mashups and third party applications.
The Resfly API gives developers access to a integrating the ability to post jobs on many of the big job boards onto their platform. These range from Indeed (which apparently has eclipsed Monster) to Linkedin, from Craigslist to specialized ones in health care and other interests.


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Role of BRCA2 mutation status on overall survival among breast cancer patients from Sardinia
Mario Budroni1,
Rosaria Cesaraccio1,
Vincenzo Coviello2,
Ornelia Sechi1,
Daniela Pirino1,
Antonio Cossu3,
Francesco Tanda3,
Marina Pisano4,
Grazia Palomba4 &
Giuseppe Palmieri4
Germline mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes have been demonstrated to increase the risk of developing breast cancer. Conversely, the impact of BRCA mutations on prognosis and survival of breast cancer patients is still debated. In this study, we investigated the role of such mutations on breast cancer-specific survival among patients from North Sardinia.
Among incident cases during the period 1997–2002, a total of 512 breast cancer patients gave their consent to undergo BRCA mutation screening by DHPLC analysis and automated DNA sequencing. The Hakulinen, Kaplan-Meier, and Cox regression methods were used for both relative survival assessment and statistical analysis.
In our series, patients carrying a germline mutation in coding regions and splice boundaries of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes were 48/512 (9%). Effect on overall survival was evaluated taking into consideration BRCA2 carriers, who represented the vast majority (44/48; 92%) of mutation-positive patients. A lower breast cancer-specific overall survival rate was observed in BRCA2 mutation carriers after the first two years from diagnosis. However, survival rates were similar in both groups after five years from diagnosis. No significant difference was found for age of onset, disease stage, and primary tumour histopathology between the two subsets.
In Sardinian breast cancer population, BRCA2 was the most affected gene and the effects of BRCA2 germline mutations on patients' survival were demonstrated to vary within the first two years from diagnosis. After a longer follow-up observation, breast cancer-specific rates of death were instead similar for BRCA2 mutation carriers and non-carriers.
The breast cancer is a complex disease with high biological heterogeneity and wide spectrum of responsiveness to different treatments. The well-established prognostic factors currently used into the management of patients with breast carcinoma include the disease stage (which takes into account tumour size, axillary lymph node involvement, and distant tumour dissemination) as well as the histological type, the degree of differentiation (tumour grade), the proliferation index, and the receptor status [estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and, recently, HER2] of the primary tumours [1]. Among them, the expression levels of hormone receptors seem to better predict the breast cancer response to different therapeutic strategies. More in general, the assessment of some molecular mechanisms responsible for the mammary tumourigenesis and studies on molecular profiling allowed to identify several biomarkers which may be helpful to pathologically classify breast cancer lesions into subtypes with different prognostic and clinico-pathologic behaviours [2, 3].
Mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 tumour suppressor genes have been associated with the breast cancer risk among families with strong recurrence of the disease [4–9]. Vast majority of studies has shown a highly increased risk of developing breast cancer in BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers [4–7] with also a greater incidence of a second contra-lateral tumour [4, 5, 10]. However, majority of breast cancers occur sporadically in individuals with little or no family history, for whom no clear role of the mutations in BRCA genes has emerged. Overall, BRCA mutations are responsible for 30–60% of the hereditary cases and have a prevalence of about 5% in the general population and about 25% in the families with history of breast cancer [9].
Analogously, several studies have investigated the possible effects of BRCA mutations on clinical and pathologic characteristics of breast cancer as well as on prognosis and survival rates of the patients, but the results were inconclusive. Some of these studies have demonstrated that BRCA1 mutation carriers develop cancer with a high proliferation index and low expression of estrogen receptors [11, 12]. Moreover, a higher proliferation index has been reported in all breast cancer sporadic cases carrying a BRCA germline mutation (regardless of the gene involved) in comparison to the patients with wild-type BRCA [13–15]. Conversely, other authors observed no difference in histological tumour features among BRCA2-positive familial cases and sporadic cases [16]. Regarding the relationship with the survival, BRCA1 mutation carriers showed either a poor prognosis in patients with negative lymph nodes [17] or a worse outcome in comparison with BRCA2-positive cases [18, 19]. Other investigators did not find any significant survival difference in BRCA mutation carriers compared with non-carrier cases [20, 21]; moreover, breast cancer specific mortality rates have been found similar for BRCA mutation carriers and non-carriers in Jewish population [22]. Nevertheless, a better assessment of the role on survival and prognosis could be also important for women with a BRCA mutation who face a decision between preventive surgery and intensive surveillance.
In Sardinia, whose population is genetically homogeneous due to the fact that it is relatively isolated and with high rate of inbreeding, the contribution of BRCA mutations to the population incidence of breast cancer has been evaluated by our group in recent past years [23–25]. Three deleterious BRCA germline mutations have been observed in about 15% families and in about 3% non-familial breast cancer patients from North Sardinia (BRCA2 mutations were the most prevalent BRCA sequence variations and a single variant, BRCA2-8765delAG, was the most recurrent mutation with a founder effect in our population) [23–25]. In North Sardinia, breast cancer represents the principal death-causing malignancy, with an incidence rate quite comparable with that observed in Western countries (standardized rate, 95 per 100.000 inhabitants per year); the median age of onset for breast cancer among Sardinian women is 65 years [26]. Based on the existence of an official cancer registry, which has recorded all malignancies diagnosed into the population of the province of Sassari from 1992 to 2003 [26], the objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the occurrence of BRCA mutations and the main standardized prognostic factors as well as the overall survival rates among breast cancer patients from North Sardinia. Specifically, we compared survival rates between BRCA2 mutation carriers and non-carriers while adjusting for demographic and clinically-recognized prognostic factors in a homogenous group of Sardinian breast cancer patients.
Patients' selection
Among 1,835 incident cases during the period 1997–2002 [with 140 (8%) tumour-specific deaths], we selected all consecutive patients with histologically-proven diagnosis of malignant breast cancer (regardless of factors which may influence prognosis: age, family history, disease stage, or type of treatment). Among them, 512 patients gave their consent to undergo genetic analysis for detection of BRCA mutations on germline DNA from peripheral blood. For such cases, the collected information included the disease stage at diagnosis, the expression levels of estrogen and progesterone receptors, and the occurrence of a second cancer. All information have been verified through analysis of the hospital records; all cancer diagnoses were confirmed by pathology reports.
The study was reviewed and approved by the ethical review boards of both Institutions (University of Sassari and A.S.L.1 of Sassari).
For the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genetic testing, all patients were informed about the aims and limits of the mutation analysis and blood samples were collected after obtaining a patient's written consent (in any case, documentation of counselling was carefully evaluated prior to genetic testing). As previously described [23, 24], genomic DNA samples were screened for mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes by a sequential combination of denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) analysis and sequencing approach using an automated fluorescence-cycle sequencer (ABIPRISM 3100, Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA).
The following variables and categories were defined and included in our analyses: pathological primary tumor size (pT), pathological nodal status (pN), presence of distant metastases (M), estrogen and progesteron receptor (ER and PR, respectively) status, age at diagnosis, and overall survival (calculated starting from the time of diagnosis to the date of death or to the end of our follow-up observation on December 31, 2004). Receptor status was not known in a fraction (about 30%) of the patients included into the study.
The general mortality data were provided from official regional sources, and in some cases were drawn from the municipality rosters. The death probability was calculated on the mortality rate basis and expressed as the probability that an individual has, at beginning of the age class considered, to die before going to the next age class. The formula from life-table that assume a constant mortality rate within a given period was applied [27]. In this case, the age class was equal to one year, as required by the Hakulinen method for calculation of relative survival [28].
The five-year relative survival figures were also computed following the Hakulinen method [28]; the 95% confidence limits were calculated using the "eurocare " confidence interval algorithm [29]. For the comparison of survival probabilities within the various subgroups, the cumulative relative survival adjusted for age was estimated using the technique proposed by Brenner and colleagues [29].
The role of familiarity and BRCA status as genetic marker in cause-specific survival was investigated by Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression methods. All tests were computed by Stata Software.
Among the 512 breast cancer patients who gave their consent to participate to the study, 103 (20%) had a family history of breast cancer. Cases were classified as familial when at least three affected members (considering first- and second-degree relatives) were diagnosed with breast cancer.
Mutation analysis for all coding regions and splice boundaries of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes was performed as previously described [24]. Briefly, germline DNA from breast cancer patients was screened by DHPLC analysis; all PCR products presenting an abnormal denaturing profile in comparison to the normal controls were sequenced using an automated approach. Taking into consideration the 103 familial cases, 2 (2%) and 20 (19%) presented a germline mutation in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, respectively. Among the remaining 409 patients classified as sporadic cases, 2 (0.5%) and 24 (6%) were found to carry BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations, respectively. Overall, patients carrying a BRCA mutation were 48/512 (9%). In particular, BRCA1 mutations were detected in only 4/48 (8%) carriers, while BRCA2 mutations were identified in vast majority of them (44/48; 92%), with the BRCA2-8765delAG variant acting as a founder mutation [23–25]. Taking into account such a high preponderance of germline mutations, only BRCA2-positive cases were considered for statistical correlations in our series.
The age of breast cancer onset was evaluated on the basis of the mutation status; 23/44 (52%) BRCA2 mutation positive and 188/464 (41%) BRCA2 mutation negative patients were 50 years or younger at the time of diagnosis (Table 1). Although the average age at diagnosis was younger in patients carrying BRCA2 mutations [23/44 (52%) ≤ 50 years vs. 21/44 (48%) > 50 years] than in cases with no detectable mutation [188/464 (41%) ≤ 50 years vs. 276/464 (59%) > 50 years], such a difference was not statistically significant. Using Pearson's Chi-Squared test, the occurrence of a BRCA2 mutation was evaluated for association with several pathological parameters: pT, pN, M, or, when available, ER and PR. As shown in Table 2, distribution of BRCA2 mutation carriers and non-carriers was quite identical in the different subsets of patients according to such pathological parameters (thus, no statistically significant correlation was observed – not shown).
Table 1 Distribution of patients according to BRCA2 mutation status and age of onset
Taking into consideration the primary tumour morphology, 348 (68%) ductal carcinomas, 62 (12%) lobular carcinomas, and 102 (20%) other histological types were registered. The BRCA2 mutations were more prevalent in lobular (7/62; 11%) than in ductal carcinomas (20/348; 6%); again, differences were not statistically significant.
The five-year survival rate was 81% (80%, adjusted by age) among BRCA2 mutation carriers and 91% (92%, adjusted by age) among patients negative for BRCA2 mutations. Overall, the five-year relative survival rate for breast cancer cases from our series was 85%. Evaluation of the overall survival curves using the Kaplan-Meier method indicated that patients carrying BRCA2 mutations presented a lower breast cancer-specific survival in comparison with those resulted negative for BRCA2 mutations, within the first two years from diagnosis (Figure 1). Considering the entire observation period of five years from diagnosis, the survival curves tended to merge with no significant difference in outcome between the two groups (Figure 1). Furthermore, no difference in survival among familial and sporadic BRCA2 mutated cases was observed (not shown). As estimated by Cox regression analysis, the hazard ratio of patients positive for BRCA2 mutations was found to be 0.7 (95% CI, 0.46–1.37), after adjustment by age (Figure 2), and about 0.8 (95% CI, 0.48–1.62), after adjustment by disease stage (Figure 3). Hazard ratios were quite identical for both subsets when adjusted for tumour grade (0.82; 95% CI, 0.53–0.98) and receptor status (0.85; 95% CI, 0.64–0.97) (not shown).
Overall survival curves based on the Kaplan-Meier method. Comparison between observed and predicted survival data for each subset of patients (with or without BRCA2 mutations) is reported.
Relative five-year survival for breast cancer patients with or without BRCA2 mutations (BRCA+/-), adjusted by age according to Brenner.
Relative five-year survival for breast cancer patients according to (A) localized disease (stage 1–2) or (B) metastatic disease (stage 3–4), and presence or absence of BRCA2 mutations (BRCA+/-).
Finally, multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed considering all variables (pT, pN, M, ER, PR, and BRCA2 mutations). The presence of metastases was the only parameter with a significant impact on prognosis (p < 0.001; hazard ratio, 8.939; 95% CI, 4.68–17.1). However, such a prognostic factor was not able to exert a confounding effect on mutation-based survival curves due to the low number of patients with distant metastases (33/508; 6%), who even showed a similar prevalence of BRCA2 mutation-negative (30/464; 6%) and mutation-positive (3/44; 7%) cases (see Table 2). No other association between BRCA2 mutation status and overall survival was observed for the remaining variables.
Table 2 Distribution of BRCA2 cases according to the TNM and receptor status
Discussion and conclusion
Breast cancers carrying BRCA1 or BRCA2 germline mutations often occur in younger women as well as present a high tumour grade and/or lack of expression of estrogen/progesterone receptors (mostly, among BRCA1-positive tumours) [11–16, 30–32]. Although these features have been associated with a poor prognosis, the relationship between the occurrence of a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation and the effect on overall survival is still controversial [17–22, 31, 33–35].
In this study, we tried to clarify the role of BRCA mutations on the outcome of breast cancer patients from North Sardinia, where an official cancer registry is available [26]. In particular, we evaluated the 5-year survival rates among women who had received the diagnosis of breast cancer from 1997 to 2002 and gave their consent to undergo a BRCA genetic testing. Among the 508 analyzed patients, we assessed the breast cancer-specific survival rates for women with (44 cases; 9%) or without (464 cases; 91%) a BRCA2 germline mutation.
Using the Kaplan-Meier method, the survival rate of patients with a positive BRCA2 genetic test was lower than that of patients with negative genetic tests within the first two years after diagnosis in our series. However, the two survival curves tended to merge at the end of five years from diagnosis (see Figure 1). This trend may indeed account for the absence of significance of the Cox regression for BRCA2 status, due to the failure of proportionality of hazards (a situation in which calculation of a total hazard ratio with the Cox model is unsuitable). The relative survival of the entire Sardinian series at five years from diagnosis is slightly below the average survival rate observed in breast cancer cases from the other Italian regions [17]; moreover, it always remains lower in the subset of BRCA2 mutation carriers than in that of BRCA2 mutation-negative patients, regardless the adjustments according to the different prognostic parameters in multivariate analysis (see Figures 2 and 3). Indeed, the relative survival seems to be worse in cases with positive BRCA2 genetic tests, even after adjustment for age of onset (which represents one of the factors with the greatest influence on cancer prognosis, according to the studies in other populations [34–36]). Although survival is also deeply influenced by disease stage at the time of diagnosis, we observed no significant difference between the two BRCA2 subsets after stratification by stage.
Although our study has a number of limitations mainly due to the fact that we identified only a limited fraction (44/508; 9%) of mutation carriers and, thus, the subgroup analyses relied on a small number of subjects, we can conclude that a prolonged follow-up observation seems to minimize the effect of the presence of BRCA2 germline mutations on prognosis among breast cancer patients from Sardinian population.
Our findings are consistent with data recently reported in Israeli women of Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry (who present a high prevalence of hereditary breast cancer and BRCA founder mutations) [22] as well as in a Dutch series of BRCA1-associated breast carcinoma patients [37]. In both studies, the breast cancer-specific survivals for carriers and noncarriers of BRCA mutations were similar, even considering a longer period of observation (ten years) from diagnosis [22, 37]. On the basis of these results, one could speculate that additional factors may influence the prognosis in such patients.
Search for prognostic factors in breast cancer patients is still a challenge; several lifestyle and environmental risk factors for breast cancer are being investigated. For example, evidence have been recently found that an increase in body mass index is associated with a poorer prognosis in women receiving diagnosis of breast cancer [36]. Probably, further studies toward the comprehension of the underlying interactions between all genetic and environmental factors could really improve the classification of the different subsets of patients who would be expected to have better or worse prognosis as well as to be more or less likely to respond to specific therapeutic interventions.
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Brekelmans CT, Seynaeve C, Menke-Pluymers M, Brüggenwirth HT, Tilanus-Linthorst MM, Bartels CC, Kriege M, van Geel AN, Crepin CM, Blom JC, Meijers-Heijboer H, Klijn JG: Survival and prognostic factors in BRCA1-associated breast cancer. Ann Oncol. 2006, 17: 391-400. 10.1093/annonc/mdj095.
Authors are grateful to patients and families for their important contribution to this study. Work was funded by Regione Autonoma della Sardegna, Ricerca Finalizzata Ministero della Salute, Associazione Italiana Ricerca sul Cancro (AIRC), and Associazione UMANA Onlus.
Registro Tumori di Sassari, ASL 1, Sassari, Italy
Mario Budroni, Rosaria Cesaraccio, Ornelia Sechi & Daniela Pirino
Dipartimento Prevenzione, ASL BA1, Bari, Italy
Vincenzo Coviello
Istituto di Anatomia Patologica, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
Antonio Cossu & Francesco Tanda
Unità Genetica dei Tumori, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare-CNR, Sassari, Italy
Marina Pisano, Grazia Palomba & Giuseppe Palmieri
Mario Budroni
Rosaria Cesaraccio
Ornelia Sechi
Daniela Pirino
Francesco Tanda
Marina Pisano
Grazia Palomba
Giuseppe Palmieri
Correspondence to Mario Budroni.
MB participated to the design of the study and performed statistical analyses. RC participated to analysis and interpretation of data. VC participated to statistical analysis. OS participated to analysis and interpretation of data. DP performed the data management. AC participated to patients' collection and performed some screening analyses. FT participated to patients' collection. MP participated to mutation analysis. GrP performed mutation screening. GiP conceived of the study and drafted the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Budroni, M., Cesaraccio, R., Coviello, V. et al. Role of BRCA2 mutation status on overall survival among breast cancer patients from Sardinia. BMC Cancer 9, 62 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-9-62
Germline Mutation
BRCA2 Mutation


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AoY Podcast #109 – Timbox Sausage Fest 2017!!!!
Basically, this episode is a general discussion, that was supposed to be about Sausage Party, but it ain't all there guys. But, eff it, let's just roll with what we got.
(0:00 – 1:28:00) The Timbox AuDIOtism Hour – After throwing in a promo at the beginning to promote AnimeCart.com, Dustin, Jonn and Daft talk about whatever they wanna talk about, which is mostly just dumb Slack chatroom non-drama, Timbox 123 and his many FULL LENGTH, ANIMATED, ONE MILLION PART FILM legacy adventures, Dustin sings THE GREATEST SONG IN THE WORLD, and Justice League Dark (not really, but Daft says I should put that in – Dustin).
(1:28:00 – 2:06:15) SAUSAGE FEST-PARTY '17!! – The most we talked about this terrible movie was us talking about the lowdown of how the animation studio who worked on it got screwed over, and then talked about adult Ralph Bakshi cartoons.
(2:06:15 – 2:34:36) Closing Remarks: Discussions include The New England JCPenny comic con, Dustin NCAA Tourny Bracket is toasted (aka screw off UNC for winning it once again!), local K Marts out of business and more.
This entry was posted on 04/04/2017 by zeonicfreak. It was filed under Convention Coverage, Guests, Movies, Other, Reviews and was tagged with NCAA, Ralph Bakshi, Samurai Jack, Sausage Party, Timbox.
That was a pretty healthy dose of autism, thank you. I also like how Daft constantly refers to your audience as one listener. Funny.
If your that one listener, I can live with that!


text:
Toward a Model of Distributed Affectivity for Cinematic Ethics
Ethical Experience, Trauma, and History
Author: Philip Martin1
1 Macquarie University, Sydney philip.martin@hdr.mq.edu.au
https://doi.org/10.3167/proj.2019.130205
Abhinavagupta; affect; cinematic ethics; distributed cognition; rasa aesthetics; Maurice Merleau-Ponty; Aimless Bullet
Many contemporary applications of theories of affect to cinematic ethical experience focus on its consequences for empathy and moral allegiance. Such approaches have made advances in bridging phenomenological and cognitivist approaches to film-philosophy, but miss the importance of complex affects that problematize empathy and moral judgment. For example, the rendering of trauma in Aimless Bullet (Hyun-mok Yu, 1961) involves aesthetic shifts that reframe its depiction of postwar experience and build a complex emotional picture of sociopolitical conditions that affect individual and community life. In this article, I argue that to understand the ethical significance of complex cinematic emotion we can develop an account of how affective-aesthetic affordances establish distributed spaces for dynamic affective engagement. To do this, I draw upon theories of scaffolded mind, classical Indian rasa aesthetics, and phenomenological aesthetics. This hybrid account will allow us to articulate the ways that film can help us comprehend the ethical significance of complex affective situations.
Philip Martin is a PhD Candidate at Macquarie University, Sydney. His research focuses on philosophical aesthetics and cross-cultural philosophy, and he has published on film-philosophy and Japanese aesthetics. His dissertation project aims to develop new approaches to critical aesthetics through a cross-cultural dialogue between the Kyo¯to School, Immanuel Kant, Abhinavagupta, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, and Gilles Deleuze. Email: philip.martin@hdr.mq.edu.au
https://www.berghahnjournals.com/abstract/journals/projections/13/2/proj130205.xml
The Journal for Movies and Mind
Guest Editor's Introduction
Fascist Affect in 300
Other Sides
Elemental Imagination and Film Experience
Grey Gardens and the Problem of Objectivity
Synthetic Beings and Synthespian Ethics
Style, Aesthetics, and Ambiguous Cinematic Emotions: Aimless Bullet and Korean Realism
Imaginative Savoring and Affective-Aesthetic Affordances: Adapting Rasa Aesthetics to Film
Institution and Phenomenal Scaffolding: Reading Aesthetic Structure and the Space of Affordances in Aimless Bullet
Distributed Affectivity, Ethical Experience, and Aimless Bullet's Traumatic Scope
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Article by Philip Martin


Steady is an electronic stabilizing handle and a selection of attachments that include a soup spoon, everyday spoon, fork, and spork. Liftware Steady is designed to help people with hand tremor, which may be related to Parkinson's disease or essential tremor, eat more easily.
The stabilizing handle contains sensors that detect hand motion and a small onboard computer that distinguishes unwanted tremor from the intended movement of the hand. To stabilize the utensil, the computer directs two motors in the handle to move the utensil attachment in the opposite direction of any detected tremor.
Included: Stabilizing Handle, Soup Spoon Attachment, Charging Kit and fabric pouch.


Western Bolo Tie -Natural Rhodonite Bolo Tie -Cowboy Bolo Tie: This eye catching silver tone cowboy boot, western bolo tie features a natural Pink Rhodonite cabochon. The vertically set Pink Rhodonite stone is 18mm x 13mm (3/4" x 1/2") . The silver tone slide is 55mm x 50mm (1 31/32 X 2 11/64") across the bottom. The 36" cord is made of braided grey "suedette" with silver tone aglets (tips). The stone was shaped and polished in our work shop in North Central Montana specifically for this setting. This is a great looking western bolo tie that can be worn by either men or women. You can wear it loose for an informal look or cinch it up tight for a more traditional western style. This handmade; one of a kind bolo tie will add that perfect touch of class for an affordable price! As with our bolo ties, we will ship this bolo tie in an elegant gift box for no extra charge!


text:
· Posted on Oct 28, 2022
14 Celebrities Were Basically Forced To Anglicize, Shorten, Or Change Their Names To Appease Hollywood
Psych actor James Rodriguez adopted the stage name James Roday after losing out on two big roles because of his Mexican last name, but he proudly changed it back in 2020.
by Kristen Harris
Hollywood has a long history of pressuring aspiring performers to change (i.e. anglicize) their names to make them more "palatable" to an American audience or to prevent themselves from being boxed into stereotypical roles. Other times, celebs have been told to shorten or change their names because casting directors couldn't pronounce them. Some have even been pressured to change their names for, honestly, no reason at all. It's been happening since the early days of film and unfortunately continues today.
Here are 14 celebrities who were pressured to change their names to get ahead in Hollywood:
1. Óscar Isaac Hernández Estrada initially auditioned for roles with the surname Hernández. However, casting directors would only see him for stereotypical roles like "the gangster," so he decided to use Oscar Isaac instead.
Franziska Krug / Getty Images for Montblanc International
2. When Vera Mindy Chokalingam started doing stand-up, she shortened her name to Mindy Kaling because "emcees for these comedy shows would have trouble pronouncing it, and then they'd make a joke about [her] last name."
3. Peter Hernandez grew up with the nickname Bruno, but after several years in the music industry, he adopted the stage name Bruno Mars because people kept comparing him to Enrique Iglesias and insisting he should do Latin or Spanish music.
Rich Fury / Getty Images for The Recording Academy
4. Ramón Estévez started his acting career under the name Martin Sheen because "sometimes you get persuaded when you don't have enough insight or even enough courage to stand up for what you believe in." He later regretted the decision but was proud of his son Emilio Estévez for keeping his name.
Axelle / FilmMagic / Via Getty
5. Margarita Cansino acted under the name Rita Cansino until her first husband/agent, Eddie Judson, decided it sounded "too ethnic" and convinced her to change it to Rita Hayworth.
Silver Screen Collection / Getty Images
6. When MGM signed silent film star Anita Pomares, they changed her name to Ann Page. However, because there was already another actor with that name, the studio again renamed her Anita Page.
Brandstaetter Images / Getty Images
7. Aaron Paul Sturtevant dropped his last name because casting directors struggled to pronounce it.
Taylor Hill / Getty Images
8. Theodore Peter James Kinnaird Taptiklis decided to act under the name Theo James because Taptiklis is "one of those names" and "kind of hard to say."
Jc Olivera / FilmMagic / Via Getty
9. When Harry Bratsberg started acting, he was pressured to change his name to Harry Morgan — a choice he later wished he'd never made.
Cbs Photo Archive / Getty Images
10. When she was nine, Brianne Desaulniers chose the stage name Brie Larson because she was already "sick" of people mispronouncing her French last name.
Image Group La / The Walt Disney Company via Getty Images
11. When Esteban Ernesto Echevarría Samson started acting, there was "a very small restricted area for anyone with foreign names." He first worked under the name Rocky Echevarría, but he later changed it to Steven Bauer because "no one could pronounce Echevarría" and "in the early days, it also eliminated the problem of 'he's Latino.'"
Theo Wargo / Getty Images
12. When Lucille LeSueur signed with MGM, the studio held a contest for the public to vote on her new stage name. The winning name was Joan Crawford, which she reportedly hated.
13. Feeling that his birth name was too hard to pronounce, Paweł Wasilewski "asked [his] family's permission to change it." He became Paul Wesley, which "really helped [his] career."
Amy Sussman / Getty Images
14. And finally, James Rodriguez adopted the stage name James Roday because "the first two experiences [he] had auditioning for work as an actor were both highly informed by the fact that [his] name did not match [his] skin tone." However, in 2020, he decided to change his name to James Roday Rodriguez because he wanted "to be the best, most honest ally and amplifier that [he] can be for [his] own community and for [his] friends of color."
Darko Sikman / ABC via Getty Images


Purple Power! And the power of the TRX!
First of all, wanted to share a quick pic with you. Went to work today and discovered all the gals (tee hee) think alike! We just had to take a picture.
Michelle, Nadine, Lindsay, Justin, John and Fran!
It just so worked out that we are all wearing the same color today. I cannot tell you how often this happens! I guess after a while we all become a one-brain-unit, but from now on, I'm going to try to take pics!
Anyway, since we're talking about things "working out", I thought it might be a good time to revive our workouts with my personal trainer Adam Freeman. Since he moved over to Crest Fitness, he's really picked up his schedule. I don't know how he even finds time for me! But, I'm so glad!
He's also donating his time for the American Heart Association, so aside from my normal workouts, he's also hosting a bootcamp every Saturday (for free) for the upcoming Heart Walk. If you want to join us, I'm sure Adam would still let you! But, if not this time, there's always next year.
My son's soccer team uniform last spring was Purple. They were Purple Power!
Loving the purple! About that workout....I'd be the one doing it & the straps break! Can we say face plant?! Lol.... Ugh!
Madeleine Bombeld Holding Fran's purse hostage?
I can see that you are an expert at your field. You are really so helping person for others.


Sometimes when you install Plone, the installer will not compile certain modules during the Python compilation stage, simply because the development packages are not available. Here's how to fix that.
2012-07-21 13:31:54 WARNING SecurityInfo Conflicting security declarations for "setText"
In this example, Python is telling us that its built-in curses module is not really built -- only the Python wrappers are available.
Naturally, this renders the use of the (amazing) bpython module for Zope unusable.
Install the pertinent development packages you need to build the binary modules. In this case, it would be ncurses-devel.
Download the same Plone installer version that you used to deploy your Plone deployment.
Uncompress the tarball, and change into the created directory.
That's it. You now have a new Python inside the path /some/temporary/path/you/must/create. Next step is up.
Synchronize your newly-created Python environment with the Plone development Python environment.
Voilá. You now have a Python inside your Plone deployment that has the requisite binary modules enabled.