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text:
Language of document : English French ECLI:EU:T:2019:302
JUDGMENT OF THE GENERAL COURT (Sixth Chamber)
8 May 2019 (*)
(EU trade mark — Application for the EU word mark HEATCOAT — Absolute ground for refusal — Descriptiveness — Article 7(1)(c) of Regulation (EU) 2017/1001– Equal treatment — Principle of sound administration)
In Case T‑469/18,
Battelle Memorial Institute, established in Columbus, Ohio (United States), represented by B. Brandreth QC,
European Union Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO), represented by P. Sipos and H. O'Neill, acting as Agents,
defendant,
ACTION brought against the decision of the Second Board of Appeal of EUIPO of 16 May 2018 (Case R 36/2018-2), relating to an application for registration of the word sign HEATCOAT as an EU trade mark,
THE GENERAL COURT (Sixth Chamber),
composed of G. Berardis, President, S. Papasavvas and O. Spineanu-Matei (Rapporteur), Judges,
Registrar: E. Coulon,
having regard to the application lodged at the Court Registry on 26 July 2018,
having regard to the response lodged at the Court Registry on 21 November 2018,
having regard to the fact that no request for a hearing was submitted by the parties within three weeks after service of notification of the close of the written part of the procedure, and having decided to rule on the action without an oral part of the procedure, pursuant to Article 106(3) of the Rules of Procedure of the General Court,
gives the following
Background to the dispute
1 On 15 June 2017, the applicant, Battelle Memorial Institute, filed an application for registration of an EU trade mark with the European Union Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO) pursuant to Council Regulation (EC) No 207/2009 of 26 February 2009 on the European Union trade mark (OJ 2009 L 78, p. 1), as amended (replaced by Regulation (EU) 2017/1001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 June 2017 on the European Union trade mark (OJ 2017 L 154, p. 1)).
2 Registration as a mark was sought for the word sign HEATCOAT.
3 The goods in respect of which registration was sought are Class 1 of the Nice Agreement concerning the International Classification of Goods and Services for the Purposes of the Registration of Marks of 15 June 1957, as revised and amended, and correspond to the following description: 'Carbon-based, electrically conductive, de-icing material layers and preparations for aircraft surfaces'.
4 By decision of 10 November 2017, the examiner refused the application for registration in respect of the goods referred to in paragraph 3 above on the basis of Article 7(1)(b) and (c) of Regulation 2017/1001 in conjunction with Article 7(2) of that regulation.
5 On 8 January 2018, the applicant filed a notice of appeal with EUIPO, pursuant to Articles 66 to 71 of Regulation 2017/1001, against the examiner's decision.
6 By decision of 16 May 2018 ('the contested decision'), the Second Board of Appeal of EUIPO dismissed the appeal, taking the view that the sign in question was descriptive and devoid of any distinctive character with regard to the goods referred to in paragraph 3 above.
7 In the first place, the Board of Appeal found that the goods in question were aimed at a public consisting of professionals in the industrial sector, whose level of attention is high, and that, as the mark applied for consisted of elements derived from English, the assessment as to whether it was descriptive had to be carried out with regard to the English-speaking public in the European Union (paragraphs 14 and 15 of the contested decision).
8 In the second place, as regards the ground for refusal based on Article 7(1)(c) of Regulation 2017/1001, first, the Board of Appeal endorsed the findings of the examiner, who had, first of all, found that the mark applied for consisted of the words 'heat' and 'coat', then given possible definitions of those two terms and, lastly, found that the expression 'heatcoat' was apt to describe a coat/coating (de-icing material layers and preparations) of heat (carbon-based, electrically conductive) for aircraft surfaces and conveyed obvious and direct information regarding the nature and intended purpose of the goods concerned (paragraphs 18 and 20 of the contested decision).
9 Secondly, the Board of Appeal rejected the applicant's arguments. It thus took the view that, when the relevant public was faced with the mark applied for in relation to the goods in question, it would immediately perceive, without any further reflection, that those goods were aimed at providing a 'coat' of 'heat' for aircraft surfaces and that that mark fell within the field of description, and not, as the applicant claimed, within that of allusion, evocation or suggestion (paragraphs 21 to 24 and 26 of the contested decision). According to the Board of Appeal, the fact that there might be more usual expressions, such as those mentioned by the applicant, namely 'hot coating' or 'heated coating', to describe the same characteristics of the goods at issue was irrelevant (paragraph 25 of the contested decision).
10 Thirdly, after stating, for the sake of completeness, that the descriptiveness threshold of the mark in question did not have to be somehow 'higher' in order to fall within the scope of Article 7(1)(c) of Regulation 2017/1001 when the relevant public was a specialist public, as that public would, on the contrary, perceive the descriptive connotation of the sign in a more immediate way than members of the general public would, the Board of Appeal concluded that the mark applied for was descriptive (paragraphs 27 and 28 of the contested decision).
11 In the third place, as regards the ground for refusal based on Article 7(1)(b) of Regulation 2017/1001, first, the Board of Appeal found that, since the contested mark was a purely descriptive indication in respect of the goods concerned, it was also devoid of any distinctive character for those goods within the meaning of that provision (paragraph 30 of the contested decision). Secondly, the Board of Appeal stated, for the sake of completeness, that the mark applied for had to be regarded as being devoid of any distinctive character because it was also a laudatory expression (paragraphs 31 and 32 of the contested decision). Thirdly, the Board of Appeal rejected the applicant's argument that allegedly similar marks had been accepted by EUIPO (paragraphs 34 to 37 of the contested decision).
Forms of order sought
12 The applicant claims that the Court should:
– annul the contested decision;
– order EUIPO to pay the costs, including those incurred before the Board of Appeal.
13 EUIPO contends that the Court should:
– dismiss the action;
– order the applicant to pay the costs.
14 In support of the action the applicant puts forward three pleas in law, alleging, in essence (i) infringement of Article 7(1)(c) and (2) and Article 95 of Regulation 2017/1001; (ii) infringement of Article 7(1)(b) and (2) of Regulation 2017/1001; and (iii) infringement of the principles of equal treatment and sound administration.
The first plea in law, alleging infringement of Article 7(1)(c) and (2) and Article 95 of Regulation 2017/1001
15 The applicant pleads infringement of Article 7(1)(c) of Regulation 2017/1001 and puts forward three complaints in that regard. In the first place, it submits that the Board of Appeal failed to apply the case-law that, where a trade mark consists of a neologism, it is not enough for each word to be descriptive, the neologism itself must be descriptive. In the second place, it maintains that the Board of Appeal erred in finding that the relevant public, when presented with the word 'heatcoat', would immediately perceive, without any further reflection, a characteristic of the goods in question. In the third place, it argues that the Board of Appeal erred in finding that the words 'heat' and 'coat', taken separately, were descriptive of a characteristic of those goods and in finding that the applicant had conceded that descriptiveness, which also, in the applicant's view, constitutes infringement of Article 95 of Regulation 2017/1001.
16 EUIPO disputes the applicant's arguments.
17 Article 7(1)(c) of Regulation 2017/1001 provides that trade marks which consist exclusively of signs or indications which may serve, in trade, to designate the kind, quality, quantity, intended purpose, value, geographical origin or the time of production of the goods or of rendering of the service, or other characteristics of the goods or service must not be registered. Furthermore, Article 7(2) of Regulation 2017/1001 states that paragraph 1 of that article is to apply notwithstanding that the grounds of non-registrability obtain in only part of the European Union.
18 According to the case-law, Article 7(1)(c) of Regulation 2017/1001 prevents the signs or indications referred to therein from being reserved to one undertaking alone because they have been registered as trade marks. That provision thus pursues an aim which is in the public interest, namely that such signs or indications may be freely used by all (judgment of 23 October 2003, OHIM v Wrigley, C‑191/01 P, EU:C:2003:579, paragraph 31; see also, judgment of 21 September 2017, InvoiceAuction B2B v EUIPO (INVOICE AUCTION), T‑789/16, not published, EU:T:2017:638, paragraph 29 and the case-law cited).
19 Furthermore, signs or indications which may serve, in trade, to designate characteristics of the goods or services in respect of which registration is sought are, under Article 7(1)(c) of Regulation No 2017/1001, deemed to be incapable of performing the essential function of a trade mark, namely that of identifying the commercial origin of the goods or services at issue, thus enabling the consumer who acquired the goods or services designated by the mark to choose to acquire them again if it was a positive experience, or to avoid doing so, if it was negative (judgments of 23 October 2003, OHIM v Wrigley, C‑191/01 P, EU:C:2003:579, paragraph 30, and of 21 September 2017, INVOICE AUCTION, T‑789/16, not published, EU:T:2017:638, paragraph 30).
20 It follows that, for a sign to be caught by the prohibition set out in Article 7(1)(c) of Regulation 2017/1001, there must be a link between the sign and the goods or services in question that is sufficiently direct and specific to enable the public concerned immediately to perceive, without further thought, a description of the goods and services in question or one of their characteristics (see judgment of 20 July 2017, Windfinder R&L v EUIPO (Windfinder), T‑395/16, not published, EU:T:2017:530, paragraph 29 and the case-law cited). Whether a sign is descriptive can be assessed only, first, by reference to the relevant public's perception of that sign and, secondly, by reference to the goods or services concerned (see judgment of 21 September 2017, INVOICE AUCTION, T‑789/16, not published, EU:T:2017:638, paragraph 32 and the case-law cited).
21 It is in the light of those considerations that it is necessary to examine the applicant's arguments that the Board of Appeal erred in finding that the mark applied for was descriptive.
22 In the present case, in the first place, as regards the goods covered by the mark applied for, which are in Class 1 and are referred to in paragraph 3 above, it must be stated that they are material layers and preparations for de-icing aircraft surfaces. The Board of Appeal took the view that those goods were aimed at a public consisting of professionals in the industrial sector in the European Union, whose level of attention was high. Furthermore, given that the mark applied for consists of English terms, the Board of Appeal found that the absolute ground for refusal had to be examined by reference to the English-speaking consumers in the European Union (paragraphs 14 and 15 of the contested decision). Those findings on the part of the Board of Appeal, which have not, moreover, been disputed by the parties, are correct and must be upheld.
23 In the second place, as regards the Board of Appeal's assessment as to the meaning of the mark applied for, it must be stated that that mark consists of two English terms, namely 'coat' and 'heat'. As the Board of Appeal correctly found, on the basis of the Oxford English Dictionary Online, the term 'heat' is a word element which, as a verb, means 'to make hot, to warm' or 'to communicate heat to' and, as a noun, means 'the quality of being hot'. It also correctly found, in essence, that, according to the Oxford English Dictionary Online, the term 'coat', as a verb, meant 'to provide with a layer or covering of something' and, as a noun, meant 'an outer layer or covering' or 'a single application of paint or similar material on a surface (paragraphs 16, 17 and 20 of the contested decision). The applicant does not call into question the meanings which the Board of Appeal found those terms to have.
24 Consequently, it is sufficient to state that, in view of the terms of which it consists, the meaning which the Board of Appeal found the mark applied for to have (paragraph 18 of the contested decision), as referred to in paragraph 8 above, namely that it is apt to describe a coat/coating (de-icing material layers and preparations) of heat (carbon-based, electrically conductive), is correct.
25 That finding cannot be called into question by the applicant's arguments. Contrary to the applicant's claims, the Board of Appeal did not fail to consider distinctly whether the 'neologism' 'heatcoat' created an impression sufficiently far removed from the meaning of the parts of which it consists.
26 In that regard, it must be pointed out that the Board of Appeal, after referring to the reasoning followed by the examiner and endorsing his findings (paragraph 20 of the contested decision), thus found that the relevant public would not perceive the mark applied for as anything other than the combination of the elements of which it consists (paragraph 18 of the contested decision).
27 The applicant submits, however, that the Board of Appeal combined one possible definition of each of the words 'heat' and 'coat' and, in the absence of any reasoned analysis, simply concluded that the relevant public would do the same. The applicant maintains that the sign HEATCOAT is not a grammatically usual way of combining two terms so as to give the suggested meaning for 'heatcoat' set out in paragraph 18 of the contested decision, namely 'a coat ... of heat'. According to the applicant, that unusual nature lies, first, in the fact that that sign consists of a single word, and not of two words, and, secondly, to the extent that it can be seen as a composite, in the combination of two nouns, and not of an adjective and a noun.
28 First, it must be stated that, in spite of the applicant's use of the term neologism to categorise the expression 'heatcoat', that expression, as the applicant, moreover, concedes, is not a new term that appears in English-language dictionaries. It is true that the wording in paragraph 21 of the contested decision, namely that the conceptual content of a mark in the consumer's perception does not necessarily coincide with its dictionary definition, is such that it could be understood as meaning that the Board of Appeal wished to state that that expression appeared in a dictionary. However, as EUIPO submits, it is clear from a combined reading of paragraphs 16 to 19 of the contested decision that the Board of Appeal intended to refer to the composition of the mark applied for, which consists of the juxtaposition of two terms which appear in a dictionary. Furthermore, contrary to what the applicant claims, the mark applied for does not consist of a single word because it is a neologism, but of the simple juxtaposition of two terms (see, to that effect, judgment of 17 January 2019, Ecolab USA v EUIPO (SOLIDPOWER), T‑40/18, not published, EU:T:2019:18, paragraph 32).
29 Secondly, it is important to bear in mind that, although, according to the case-law, an analysis of the terms at issue in the light of the appropriate lexical and grammatical rules is admittedly relevant (see, to that effect, judgment of 19 April 2016, Spirig Pharma v EUIPO (Daylong), T‑261/15, not published, EU:T:2016:220, paragraph 21 and the case-law cited), the fact that the mark applied for may have a structure which is grammatically incorrect as a means of describing goods is not, in itself, sufficient for it to be found that such a sign is not descriptive (see, to that effect, judgments of 7 June 2005, Münchener Rückversicherungs-Gesellschaft v OHIM (MunichFinancialServices), T‑316/03, EU:T:2005:201, paragraph 36, and of 2 December 2015, adp Gauselmann v OHIM (Multi Win), T‑529/14, not published, EU:T:2015:919, paragraph 32).
30 In the present case, any difference which may arise when the mark applied for is compared with expressions that comply with the rules of English grammar and may therefore constitute expressions that describe the goods concerned, such as 'heated coat' or 'heating coat', expressions which are referred to by the applicant and in which suffixes are added to the word 'heat', is not capable of conferring on that mark a meaning which is sufficiently far removed from that produced by the mere combination of the elements that comprise it, even though those elements are nouns which have been placed side by side, in the light, moreover, of the order of the terms of which that mark consists, which complies with those rules. Furthermore, it must be pointed out that, according to the Oxford English Dictionary Online, the term 'heat' may be combined with another noun which follows it so as to indicate the use of heat, for example 'heat pump'.
31 In the third place, as regards the descriptiveness of the mark applied for, the Board of Appeal found that, when the relevant public was faced with that mark in relation to the goods in question, it would immediately perceive, without any further reflection, that those goods were aimed at providing a 'coat' of 'heat' for aircraft surfaces (paragraph 23 of the contested decision). According to the applicant, the Board of Appeal did not give proper consideration to whether the sign HEATCOAT served to designate a characteristic of the goods in question.
32 First, the applicant claims that the message of the sign HEATCOAT is not immediately conveyed to the relevant public, because an adjectival phrase, such as, for example, 'heated coat' or 'heatable coat', would be required to convey a characteristic of the goods in question, and not the combination of the terms 'heat' and 'coat'. However, it is sufficient to state that that argument relates to the meaning which the relevant public might, when faced with the mark applied for, perceive that mark as having and that it has already been rejected on the grounds set out in paragraphs 24 to 30 above.
33 Secondly, the applicant submits that the essential characteristic of the good in question, which will be perceived by the relevant public, is that they are layers or preparations which are carbon-based and electrically conductive. According to the applicant, even though it may be that the relevant public would take the view that heating could result as a consequence of the electrical conduction, that, however, requires a mental leap. Furthermore, it maintains that heating would, in those circumstances, be a consequence of a characteristic of those goods, namely that the goods are carbon-based and electrically conductive, and not one of their characteristics.
34 In that regard, it must be pointed out that the purpose of the goods at issue, which are electrically conductive material layers or preparations, is that of de-icing. The applicant maintains that there is, however, no direct relationship between the sign HEATCOAT and the goods in question given that de-icing systems are not restricted to heating. However, it must be stated that, since the applicant admits that de-icing may be carried out by means of heating, the existence of that possibility is sufficient for it to be held that there is a direct and specific link between the mark applied for and the goods in question, which are coats or coatings that are capable of being heated and thus of becoming 'coats of heat', in particular for aircraft surfaces. That is a fortiori true because the relevant public consists of professionals in the industrial sector, who are not capable of overlooking the possibility of de-icing by heating, by means of conductive elements with which, for example, some vehicles' windows are equipped.
35 It follows that, contrary to the applicant's claims, there is a link between the mark applied for and the goods concerned that is sufficiently direct and specific to enable the public concerned immediately to perceive, without further thought, the intended purpose of those goods, which is that of de-icing by means of heating and constitutes the expected result of using the goods in question. The intended purpose constitutes one of the characteristics referred to in Article 7(1)(c) of Regulation 2017/1001 (see paragraph 17 above). Furthermore, it is necessary to reject the applicant's argument that the Board of Appeal's analysis, which allegedly has 'six stages', stages which the applicant itself discerned, runs counter to such a finding. The reasoning followed by the Board of Appeal, which, first, defined the relevant public, then, ascertained the possible meaning of each of the terms of which the mark applied for consists, subsequently, examined the relevant public's perception of the meaning of that mark as a whole and, lastly, analysed the possible link between the goods or their characteristics and the mark applied for, complies with the requirements of the case-law.
36 Consequently, the Board of Appeal was right in finding that the mark applied for was descriptive for the purposes of Article 7(1)(c) of Regulation 2017/1001.
37 That finding cannot be called into question by the applicant's argument that the Board of Appeal infringed Article 95 of Regulation 2017/1001 by erroneously finding that the applicant had admitted that the words 'heat' and 'coat', taken separately, were descriptive of a characteristic of the goods at issue. The applicant maintains that, on account of that error, the Board of Appeal failed to consider properly its arguments that the words 'heat' and 'coat' when combined make no sense as those words would require an additional suffix to be descriptive.
38 It must be pointed out that Article 95 of Regulation 2017/1001 provides that:
'1. In proceedings before it [EUIPO] shall examine the facts of its own motion; however, in proceedings relating to relative grounds for refusal of registration, [EUIPO] shall be restricted in this examination to the facts, evidence and arguments provided by the parties and the relief sought. …
2. [EUIPO] may disregard facts or evidence which are not submitted in due time by the parties concerned.'
39 In that regard, it must be stated that, although the applicant pleads infringement of Article 95 of Regulation 2017/1001, it does not set out the reason why the alleged error on the part of the Board of Appeal is capable of constituting an infringement of that article.
40 In any event, it must be held that, although the Board of Appeal stated, in paragraph 19 of the contested decision, that the applicant admitted that the words 'heat' and 'coat', taken separately, could be descriptive of characteristics of the goods at issue, that statement has its origin in the ambiguity of the wording which the applicant used in the grounds for its appeal. Furthermore, the fact remains that the Board of Appeal also referred, in the same paragraph of the contested decision, to the applicant's argument concerning the necessity of adding an additional suffix. However, that argument must be rejected, as has already been stated in paragraphs 29 and 30 above. Consequently, it cannot be maintained that the Board of Appeal made, in that regard, any error which is capable of calling the legality of the contested decision into question.
41 In the light of all of the foregoing considerations, the first plea in law must be rejected.
The second plea in law, alleging infringement of Article 7(1)(b) and (2) of Regulation 2017/1001
42 The applicant submits that the Board of Appeal's finding under Article 7(1)(b) of Regulation 2017/1001 is tainted by the error which the Board of Appeal made under Article 7(1)(c) of that regulation. It claims, in essence, that the mark applied for has sufficient distinctive character to be registered as an EU trade mark.
44 In that regard, it must be borne in mind that, as is apparent from Article 7(1) of Regulation 2017/1001, it is sufficient that one of the absolute grounds for refusal listed in that provision applies for the sign in question to be ineligible for registration as an EU trade mark (order of 13 February 2008, Indorata-Serviços e Gestão v OHIM, C‑212/07 P, not published, EU:C:2008:83, paragraph 27; see also judgment of 17 January 2019, Ecolab USA v EUIPO (SOLIDPOWER), T‑40/18, not published, EU:T:2019:18, paragraph 52 and the case-law cited).
45 In the present case, since the mark applied for has been held to be descriptive of the goods in question and cannot, consequently, be registered as an EU trade mark as it comes within the scope of the ground for refusal set out in Article 7(1)(c) of Regulation 2017/1001, it is not necessary to examine the second plea in law, alleging infringement of Article 7(1)(b) and (2) of that regulation.
The third plea in law, alleging infringement of the principles of equal treatment and sound administration
46 The applicant states that it accepts that the assessment of the registrability of a sign as an EU trade mark must be carried out solely on the basis of Regulation 2017/1001. However, it claims that, in the light of the principles of equal treatment and sound administration, EUIPO must take into account decisions already taken in respect of similar applications and consider with especial care whether it should decide in the same way or not, as those principles must be applied in a manner which is consistent with respect for legality. It relies on the registration of two EU trade marks, namely THERMCOAT and CLIMATECOAT, and submits that, in the context of those applications, EUIPO did not make the errors which tainted the Board of Appeal's reasoning in the present case.
47 EUIPO has not made any observations as regards those arguments.
48 It must be borne in mind that EUIPO is under a duty to exercise its powers in accordance with the general principles of EU law, such as the principle of equal treatment and the principle of sound administration (judgment of 10 March 2011, Agencja Wydawnicza Technopol v OHIM, C‑51/10 P, EU:C:2011:139, paragraph 73). In the light of those two principles, EUIPO must, when examining an application for registration of an EU trade mark, take into account the decisions already taken in respect of similar applications and consider with especial care whether it should decide in the same way or not (see judgment of 10 March 2011, Agencja Wydawnicza Technopol v OHIM, C‑51/10 P, EU:C:2011:139, paragraph 74 and the case-law cited).
49 That said, the way in which the principles of equal treatment and sound administration are applied must be consistent with respect for legality (judgment of 10 March 2011, Agencja Wydawnicza Technopol v OHIM, C‑51/10 P, EU:C:2011:139, paragraph 75).
50 Moreover, for reasons of legal certainty and, indeed, of sound administration, the examination of any trade mark application must be stringent and full, in order to prevent trade marks from being improperly registered. That examination must be undertaken in each individual case. The registration of a sign as a mark depends on specific criteria, which are applicable in the factual circumstances of the particular case and the purpose of which is to ascertain whether the sign at issue is caught by a ground for refusal (see judgment of 10 March 2011, Agencja Wydawnicza Technopol v OHIM, C‑51/10 P, EU:C:2011:139, paragraph 77 and the case-law cited).
51 First of all, as the Board of Appeal pointed out in paragraph 38 of the contested decision, it should be noted that the marks referred to by the applicant are not the same as the mark applied for and cover goods which are different from those in question in the present case, so that the factual circumstances are different.
52 Next, it must be pointed out that the various trade marks relied on by the applicant, which also contain the term 'coat', were accepted by EUIPO's examiner. Neither the Board of Appeal nor the Court can in any way be bound by the decisions adopted by that examiner. In particular, it would be contrary to the Board of Appeal's task as a review body, as defined in recital 30 and Articles 66 to 71 of Regulation 2017/1001, for its competence to be limited to complying with the decisions of the first-instance adjudicating bodies of EUIPO (see judgment of 28 June 2017, Colgate-Palmolive v EUIPO (AROMASENSATIONS), T‑479/16, not published, EU:T:2017:441, paragraph 42 and the case-law cited).
53 Lastly, irrespective of what may have been the case with regard to the applications for registration of the marks referred to by the applicant, the application for registration of the mark applied for comes, in the light of the goods in respect of which registration was sought and the perception of the relevant public, within the scope of the ground for refusal set out in Article 7(1)(c) of Regulation 2017/1001.
54 The third plea in law must therefore be rejected.
55 It follows from all of the foregoing that the action must be dismissed in its entirety.
56 Under Article 134(1) of the Rules of Procedure of the General Court, the unsuccessful party is to be ordered to pay the costs if they have been applied for in the successful party's pleadings. Since the applicant has been unsuccessful, it must be ordered to pay the costs, in accordance with the form of order sought by EUIPO.
On those grounds,
THE GENERAL COURT (Sixth Chamber)
hereby:
1. Dismisses the action;
2. Orders Battelle Memorial Institute to pay the costs.
Delivered in open court in Luxembourg on 8 May 2019.
* Language of the case: English.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: How does one get the coordinates of a hyper-graph created in Wolfram Cloud? With the new physics project you can create various hyper-graphs from simple rules. How can I download the coordinates of these graphs (show locations and relationship among all the nodes).
For example:

How would I obtain the coordinates of the graph?
I can create the graphs locally using Mathematica on Desktop, but it does not show coordinates:

If I remove the underscore in my variable (change g_b to gb) I get:

A: fsp = ResourceFunction["WolframModel"][{{x, y}, {x, z}} ->
    {{x, z}, {x, w}, {y, w}, {z, w}}, {{0, 0}, {0, 0}}, 10, "FinalStatePlot"]

fsp is not a Graph object, so GraphEmbedding will not work:
 Head[fsp]

 Graphics

We can get the coordinates using Cases:
coords = Cases[fsp, Disk[x_, ___] :> x, All];
lines = Cases[fsp, _Line, All];

Graphics[{Red, Point@coords, Blue, lines}]

A: Another answer works, however, it is somewhat fragile as other lines and disks might appear in the Graphics, which would break the output.
We don't currently have an exposed function to compute the coordinates explicitly for hypergraphs (Wolfram model states), but it is possible to use an internal SetReplace function.
First, install SetReplace, which is the paclet Function Repository functions like WolframModelPlot use.
PacletInstall["SetReplace"];
<< SetReplace`

Next, compute the hypergraph, coordinates for which you seek:
finalState =
  WolframModel[{{x, y}, {x, z}} -> {{x, z}, {x, w}, {y, w}, {z,
      w}}, {{0, 0}, {0, 0}}, 10, "FinalState"];

Finally, we can use hypergraphEmbedding, which is an internal SetReplace function to compute the coordinates or both vertices and edges:
embedding =
 SetReplace`PackageScope`hypergraphEmbedding["Ordered",
   "Polygons", {}][finalState]

embedding is a List with two elements: vertex and edge embeddings. Each of them is a list of rules, with vertex/hyperedge names on the left, and simplified graphics primitives (Point, Line, or Polygons) used to draw them on the right.
They can be passed directly to Graphics to get a simplified visualization without styles:
Graphics[Map[Last, embedding, {2}]]

Note: using internal functions, as described above, is not a good idea in production code. If you need this functionality for production code, let us know here, and consider contributing to this issue.

A: g = RandomGraph[{20,50}];

GraphEmbedding[g]

(*
{{2.61478, 1.92035}, {2.18823, 2.27752}, {2.7443, 1.1024}, {0.832645,
  1.53309}, {2.26009, 0.859775}, {0.939014, 0.988081}, {0.875991,
  1.97174}, {2.90173, 2.59991}, {3.35849, 1.98695}, {2.75026,
  0.}, {1.63744, 2.18652}, {0., 1.39657}, {2.32558,
  1.43712}, {2.90984, 2.11739}, {3.42298, 1.49787}, {3.21852,
  0.823968}, {3.39545, 2.4406}, {1.46319, 1.61825}, {2.4258,
  2.88171}, {3.21413, 0.336091}}
*)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Colon cleansing also known as colonic hydrotherapy involves flushing the colon with fluid to remove waste. This practice has been around for years and involves removing toxins from the colon which accumulate over time due to digestive waste.
Water. Make sure you are drinking plenty of water daily as this helps keep the digestive tract lubricated and reduces the risk of constipation and toxic waste build up.
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Helen can arrange an appointment for you. She also manages the gereral running of the clinic.
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text:
Home>Music> Nardwuar Vs. YBN Nahmir: His R&B Past, Videogaming & Embarassing Photos
Nardwuar Vs. YBN Nahmir: His R&B Past, Videogaming & Embarassing Photos
YBN Nahmir linked up with Nardwuar the Human Serviette for a stroll down memory lane.
Nardwuar is a legend come festival season, dragging his trunk full of personal fit memorabilia to and fro. There's no denying he works his way into the hearts of his interview subjects, maybe creepily at first. Especially with rap acts, when in full stride, they can't help but put their guard down. Nardwuar accentuates the positive like no other. It not only because the artist is totally dialed in, such as when Nardwuar took a moment to level with YBN Nahmir this past week at SXSW. It had marked a busy week for the journalist, as he'd previously taped segments with Cole Bennett & Smokepurrp among others.
Nardwuar began the the interview by guiding Nahmir through a chronology of the rapper's life, perhaps more accurately than he could have done himself. He gifted him with Bone Thugs and E-40 records, two rap acts Nahmir would label as GOATS & more personally as indirect influences. Before delving into his craft, Nahmir admitted that his teenage self was of a different persuasion, confessing that he was once in a r&b band called "The Misfits." Considering his age, he isn't too far removed from his sveltier image. Nahmir also described the euphoria that led to him leaving school mid semester.
"The kids, the 9th graders 10th graders they was just following me asking me questions 24/7, it was going crazy. They had to take me out of school."
They made the 12 minutes breeze by like a conjugal visit. See for yourself.
Music News new interview nardwuar interview nardwuar sxsw 2018 festival ybn nahmir memories embarassing Photos records E-40 Bone Thugs-N-Harmony Rich Boy Doe Boy alabama Menace II Society high school journalism gifts
Dwight Howard Posts NBA's First 30-30 Game Since 2010
Yung Berg & A1 Reportedly Robbed At Gunpoint During Instagram Live Session
MUSIC Nardwuar Vs. YBN Nahmir: His R&B Past, Videogaming & Embarassing Photos
Nardwuar Vs. YBN Nahmir: His R&B Past, High School & Embarassing Photos


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Australian arts & entertainment reviews
Golden Shield (MTC) – theatre review
By Alex First 1 year ago
Golden Shield is a new play by Anchuli Felicia King, having its world premiere production from the Melbourne Theatre Company. It's set against a background of antipathy between the US and China. Their animosity has reached deeply worrying levels and Australia is caught in the middle. The play deals with "Big Brother", mistranslated words and morality.
The ruthless head of an American tech company, Marshall McLaren (Josh McConville) looks to cash in on developing a solution to slow internet speeds in China. In so doing, he also enables the Chinese government to more readily monitor all online activity and specifically to expose and crack down on a dissident group. Golden Shield is the name given to the Chinese firewall.
A tenacious young lawyer, Julie Chen (Fiona Choi) gets wind of the firm's shady dealings and looks to expose them through a class action related to an old US law that's still on the books. In order to do so, she has to get at least one person – in this case a dissident who has been heavily compromised as a result of the company's actions – to testify in an American court. But because the lawyer can't speak fluent Mandarin, she needs to find a translator she can trust. She turns to her estranged younger sister Eva (Jing-Xuan Chan) and from the get-go the women don't see eye to eye. Julie knows nothing of Eva's current life and Eva won't let her in.
Still, to have any hope of winning the case and to confront large-scale censorship and corporate greed, the siblings must put aside their differences. Will that be a bridge too far? Do they stand a realistic chance of holding the firm to account and securing restitution for the brave dissident willing to speak up?
Golden Shield presents a maze of intrigue, which requires concentration to follow. Through it all we have a translator (Yuchen Wang) on stage as part of the action. He introduces us to the complexities of language (how some words and phrases in one don't directly translate into another and understanding can be compromised as a result). Then he interprets the real meaning behind some of the other characters interactions, providing some delightful comic relief.
The eight-strong cast does an excellent job in firing up the characters and building a tangled web (no pun intended). Staging is kept to a minimum, with large video walls on either side of the stage providing close ups of the action from time to time. The interplay between characters is engaging, often bold and fiery. Most are left with their hands dirty as power shifts throughout and with it control of what is a runaway train.
It's hard not to be impressed by King's intricate prose and her ability to weave a compelling story. She's a writer to watch. Directed by Sarah Goodes, Golden Shield is playing at Southbank Theatre, The Sumner until 14 September 2019.
I saw the first preview performance of the production.
Alex First
Other reviews you might enjoy:
Cosi (MTC) – theatre review
An Ideal Husband (MTC) – theatre review
The House of Bernarda Alba (MTC) – theatre review
Alex First is a Melbourne based journalist and communications specialist. He contributes to The Blurb on film and theatre.
firstcommunications.com.au
Tags: melbourne, Melbourne Theatre Company, play, theatre, theatre review
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About The Blurb
Copyright 2019 © All rights reserved. | Magazine 7 by AF themes.


Data visualization is the graphical representation of information and data. Using visual elements like charts, graphs, and maps data visualization tools is valuable. They provide an accessible way to understand trends, outliers, and patterns in data.
In the world of big data, data visualization tools and technologies are essential. We need them to analyze massive amounts of information and make data-driven decisions. It's no surprise that visual learners make up 65% of the population. Data visualization is another form of visual art. It grabs our interest and keeps our eyes on the message. When we see a chart we see trends and outliers, and if we can see something, we internalize it right away. It's storytelling with a purpose.
Here's an example. You're staring at a massive spreadsheet of data and couldn't see a trend. You would know how much more effective a visualization can be. Studies show that the brain process visuals 60,000 times faster than text.
Many professional industries enjoy the benefits of making data more understandable. Shipping data is also definitely no different. When was the last time you sat down and looked at your UPS or FedEx shipping data? Chances are you found yourself staring at hundreds of pages of invoices. Or it could be thousands of rows of shipment data in an Excel file. How can anyone use that data to make better shipping decisions? Can you use it to reduce shipping costs? Using this approach, it's impossible.
There's a better way. The Lojistic platform is a free data visualization platform too. It's designed for customers who ship via UPS and FedEx. We're also leveraging visualization to remove all the noise from shipping data. It highlights the useful, actionable information. This enables you, as a shipper, to manage and reduce your shipping costs. It allows for better decision making. So, whether you're looking to renegotiate your UPS or FedEx agreement. Or it may be that you're looking to optimize the precise location of a new distribution center, data is key. Whatever your shipping data need, Lojistic has you covered. Give it a go at no cost today.
When we first started, we were sorting through thousands and thousands of rows of Excel. It was thousands of shipment data information in an Excel file. This was very cumbersome. It was very difficult to identify any trends in information. It was very difficult to understand and assess our clients' shipping characteristics. So, there has been an evolution. More companies are using data too. Moreover, the requirements for being able to process large amounts of data has improved.
There's been an evolution in our business. Carriers give you information in a format that is granular and also difficult. We are able to manipulate that data by filtering out what is relevant and what is not relevant. We can then present that or provide that to our clients in a format that is visual and easy to understand. You can then use it for better decision making. Before, our clients didn't interact with our platform or our system much at all. It was very difficult to understand. There was good information in there. But you had to spend a lot of time sorting through that information.
With this data visualization model, we are also providing intelligence and shipping intelligence. We give it back to our clients in a way that is exciting for them. They go back to the system to get information that was otherwise unavailable to them. So, we're seeing the usage of the platform go up a lot. Compared with years in the past, it has increased. The information we provide is more intelligible. It's in an easy to understand and easy to use visual format.


AMADA HOLDINGS, Japanese sheet metal processing machine builder, established a new Technical Center (TC) in Incheon City, Korea in October 2018. AMADA HOLDINGS incorporates the expansion of emerging markets into growth strategy in mid-term management plan, and has been steadily expanding sales and service network.
AMADA KOREA, Amada group's company for sales and service, established Incheon Technical Center in Korea and began operations in October 2018.
TC is newly constructed in an area where cutting-edge industries gather.
It integrates showrooms, previously separate at two locations, about twice as much space as conventional ratio. It also has seminar room and presentation room.
The new facilities will be installed, including automated fiber laser cutting machines.
Besides, a wide range of support for sheet metal machining will be offered, such as seminar which meet the issues of Korean market, and training how to operate machine and software for operator of client companies.
In South Korea, IT and electronics industries has continued to perform well, as investment in manufacturing and inspection equipment for semiconductors, liquid crystal and organic EL displays has increased.
AMADA KOREA has already relocated head office to the building next to TC.
The total floor area of TC is 1800 m2.
AMADA KOREA aims to increase sales in South Korea by approximately 1.6 times by fiscal 2021 compared to fiscal 2017 by establishing a sales and service collaboration system and strengthening support for enhancing customer competitiveness.


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новые возможности joomla 2.5
The procedure for submitting articles
Requirements for the registration of materials are published in each issue of the Сollected Рapers and on the website.
The author sends the manuscript prepared in accordance with "Requirements" to the address of the scientific editor (there is also a possibility to send it directly to executive secretary through the formal facebook page «Сучасні аспекти військової медицини»)
Editor-in-chief makes a preliminary assessment of the materials submitted to the editorial office with strict decision as follows: direct the article for reviewer, return to the author for correction, or reject).
The scientific editor directs the manuscript without identifying the author to an independent reviewer (as usual, a member of the editorial board of the Сollected Рapers). The review is double blind.
After receiving the manuscript, reviewer prepares written conclusion with comments and suggestions about reasonability of publishing the article and sends it to executive secretary.
The author receives comments on the manuscript within 4 weeks from the date of manuscript receiving by the editorial office, makes corrections and re-sends the material to the editorial office.
After re-review by the reviewer and scientific editor (the quality of the corrections made is estimated), the article is placed in the list of publications in the current issue.
The editorial office sends an article prepared for publication to the author for the purpose of final examination and approving of the text and illustrative material.
All articles published in the Сollected Рapers are posted on the website of the Сollected Рapers.
All scientific publications receive a digital DOI identifier
By sending an article to the editorial office of the Сollected Рapers «Current Aspects of Military Medicine», the author gives his consent to the placement of published materials in the abstract scientific bases, as well as on the website of the Сollected Рapers.
The entry (in Ukrainian, English or Russian) must be accompanied by formal direction letter from the institution where the work was performed and have a signature of scientific leader on the first page (for authors who are not employees of the MMVH). At the end of the article, the signatures of all authors should be presented. Pages with information about authors and their signatures must be scanned and sent by e-mail in .jpg or .pdf format.
Articles submitted to the editorial board are reviewed and edited in accordance with the Requirements of the Сollected Рapers.
In one issue of the journal, no more than 3 articles of the same author can be published.
The editorial staff reserves the right to reduce and correct the submitted articles, as well as to publish them in the form of short annotations. Editors don`t return the manuscripts to authors.
Requirements for manuscripts:
1. Index of UDC on the first page.
2. Title of work.
3. Initials and surname of the author or authors, degree (if any).
4. The name of the institution, which is responsible for the work (if there are several authors and they work in different institutions, it is necessary to designate the institutions with numbers 1, 2, 3 ... and, in accordance with the numbering, put the numbers next to the authors' names).
5. City.
6. Key words related to the topic of the article.
7. At the end of the article, authors should specify the name, email address, telephone number of the author, who is responsible for the correspondence. These data may be published in the Сollected Рapers. Additionally, author, who is responsible for the correspondence, should add a phone number.
Requirements for manuscript preparing
Articles must be sent electronically to the editorial office or to the scientific editor's e-mail address: Ця електронна адреса захищена від спам-ботів. вам потрібно увімкнути JavaScript, щоб побачити її. (or through facebook page «Сучасні аспекти військової медицини»).
Preparing the manuscript
1. The article should be typed in Microsoft Word.
Font - Times New Roman (14 points), no tabs and hyphens. Line spacing is 1.5. All page fields - 2 cm.
2. The volume of the article should not exceed 10 pages (with the references).
3. The article should be carefully edited (both scientifically and stylistically) by the authors.
4. Original articles should have the following sections: introduction, purpose, material and methods, results and their discussion, conclusions, references.
5. The article title sould not contain abbreviations. Only standard terms and abbreviations (abbreviations) should be used in the text. The full term, instead of which the abbreviation is introduced, must precede the first use of this abbreviation in the text.
6. Tables should have a short title; each graph with a short description (it is possible to shorten the words). When constructing tables, it is recommended to use the "Table Editor" in Microsoft Word. Photos of tables are not accepted.
7. All physical and metric units must be presented in the SI system, the names of the diseases - in accordance with the International Classification of Diseases of the 10th Revision (or 11th after its approval), the names of the active substances - in accordance with the International Classification of Non-Patent Names of Medicinal Substances (INNs).
1. Preparing references (in original articles up to 20 sources, in literature reviews up to 50 sources), it is necessary to indicate all the sources mentioned in the article.
2. Lists of literature should be made alphabetically or according to the order of appearance in the text.
3. Not less than 50% of references should be published within last 5 years.
4. References begin with sources in Russian and Ukrainian, followed by sources in other languages.
5. In the text of the article, the ordinal number of the source should be indicated in square brackets.
6. The design of the list of literature must comply with the requirements of DSTU 8302:2015.
1. A summary of the article with results of original research should have the same structure as the article and contain the following headings: "Purpose", "Materials and Methods", "Results and Discussion", "Conclusions".
2. The summary of other articles (reviews, clinical observations, etc.) can be made differently.
3. The volume of the resume can not be less than 1800 characters.
4. The summary is given in three languages (Ukrainian, English, Russian) and must contain (in addition to the actual structured text): title of the article, initials and last name of the author (authors), the institution where the work was performed, key words (also in three languages).
5. The authors of the article are responsible for the correctness of names written in English.
smo-оптимизация сайта


text:
onsdag 12 mars 2014 | Food & meetings
17 stars to Copenhagen sets a new Michelin record
Copenhagen has won 17 Michelin stars for 15 of its restaurants in the new 'Main Cities of Europe' guide, which hits the streets today. That is more than last year, when the Danish capital won 15 stars. It is also rumoured that Michelin will publish an all-new, Nordic guide focussing on Denmark and the North.
Michelin's 'Main Cities of Europe 2014' guide has just been announced, awarding its coveted stars to restaurants in a number of European capitals. Once again, Copenhagen has set a new record with 17 Michelin stars divided among 15 restaurants in and around the capital - compared to 15 stars to 13 restaurants last year. As well as the prestigious stars, Copenhagen has been awarded 12 Bib Gourmands, given to good restaurants with affordable prices.
As well as beating its own record from 2013, Copenhagen is once again well ahead of the other Scandinavian capitals this year, maintaining its position as the Nordic region's gastronomic capital.
The other major news of the day is the announcement of a new Nordic Michelin guide, dedicated to Denmark and the other Scandinavian countries. The publication of the guide comes following weeks of speculation, started by the Swedish gastro-publication, Restaurangvärlden, which first broke the story in early February.
Previously, the Michelin guide has not awarded stars to restaurants in Scandinavian cities with fewer than 500,000 residents, but that all changes next year with the 'Michelin Guide Nordic', which also includes restaurants in smaller cities.
The new Michelin stars and guides augment an already packed gastro calendar in the Danish capital. The Copenhagen Cooking food festival, which is the largest of its kind in Northern Europe, takes place for the tenth time this summer.
The organisers of Copenhagen Cooking are delighted with the many stars that now shine on the city's restaurant scene.
"We are already in the process of planning the most ambitious festival programme ever with over 150 unique events for the summer edition of Copenhagen Cooking. The fact that Copenhagen continues to have a major impact internationally in the Michelin guide confirms that the city has huge potential when it comes to gastronomy and, of course, is a major boost for us," says Lasse Friberg Bilstrup, development manager at Copenhagen Cooking.
Photo: Geranium restaurant.
See the full news list here
Click here to get a comparable proposal from Wonderful Copenhagen CVB
Get a complete guide to your meeting, visit out meeting planner guide


text:
Vince Pearson
Amanda Shires wants out 'For Christmas'
The fiddler, singer and songwriter's new Christmas album takes a realistic measure of the season.
'From Staircase to Stage': Raekwon on growing up in N.Y. and the Wu-Tang Clan
In his new memoir, From Staircase to Stage, rapper Raekwon recalls watching as that relatively serene New York City neighborhood rapidly declined, succumbing to the wildfires of the crack epidemic.
Aimee Mann's Album, 'Queens of the Summer Hotel,' is inspired by 'Girl, Interrupted'
NPR's A Martínez talks to songwriter Aimee Mann about her album: Queens of the Summer Hotel. It's based on the book, Girl, Interrupted, which chronicles the author's stay in a mental institution.
ABBA is back with new music and plans for a high-tech stage show
NPR's Rachel Martin talks to ABBA's Björn Ulvaeus and Benny Andersson about the first album of new songs in 40 years, and the show that will bring their avatars to the stage.
Rocker Randy Bachman's guitar was stolen 45 years ago. A fan tracked it down
In the mid-70s, Canadian musician Randy Bachman's favorite guitar went missing. Using the internet, a fan tracked down the stolen instrument.
Tony Bennett and Lady Gaga's latest, and likely last, ring-a-ding
NPR's Rachel Martin speaks with WGBO jazz expert Nate Chinen about his interview with Lady Gaga about her new album with Tony Bennett, Love for Sale.
A Hungry Hungry Rhino Escaped His Pen At An Omaha Zoo To Munch On Grass
When your penmates have eaten all your snacks, what's a guy to do? Workers at the Henry Doorly Zoo and Aquarium found 13-year-old Jontu, an Indian one-horned rhino, chowing down just behind his barn.
Celebrating Juneteenth And Black Music Month With Classical Classics
As part of an ongoing series, NPR's Rachel Martin talks to pianist Lara Downes about classical recordings of "Lift Every Voice" and "A Change Is Gonna Come," to mark Black Music Month and Juneteenth.
'Sharecropper's Son': Louisiana Musician Finds Success Decades After Trying
Robert Finley had given up on a professional music career – and then glaucoma took his eyesight. How a health crisis led to Finley's astounding rise as a critically acclaimed performer.
For Twin Cities Rapper Nur-D, Another Step Forward
All of a sudden, Matt Allen found himself caring for injured and teargassed protesters in Minneapolis last year. The enduring experience found its way into his sunny music.


text:
<?php

namespace garethp\ews\API\Type;

/**
 * Class representing MeetingCancellationMessageType
 *
 *
 * XSD Type: MeetingCancellationMessageType
 */
class MeetingCancellationMessageType extends MeetingMessageType
{

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Manage overall social media strategy process, including project schedules, Ad budgets and reports; prioritize and traffic multiple projects. Identify, analyze and understand target audiences and their specific communication needs – and develop effective messages for those audiences. Respond to rapidly changing business needs and specialities.
Develop effective strategies and comprehensive communication plans to promote the company specific business objectives and manage emerging issues. Provide strategic communications counsel that supports the success of individual projects as well as divisional and/or enterprise goals.
Establish specific performance measures that assess the effectiveness and impact of communications plans. Develop appropriate communication deliverables in support of internal communications and digital public relations. Research, refine, analyze, and make use of relevant information in preparation of communications.


With the Southern hemisphere having just passed through the Winter Solstice, Midwinter Graces has received some attention in the southern reaches of the globe, even if the more overtly Christmas-oriented elements of the album are half a year away. This review appeared on South Africa's Exclusive Books storefront on the Solstice itself and is a nice overview of the album.
Midwinter Graces is the first seasonal album of classic carols and original songs from Tori Amos.
Now, some might wonder why I've chosen to review what might be seen as a Christmas album in June. Simply, the album's focused on the idea of celebrating the winter solstice, which in the Southern Hemisphere occurs around 21st June.
For thousands of years, human beings have celebrated the return of the sun at this time at the solstice. Admittedly, the largest numbers of these celebrations occurred in the northern hemisphere, and have continued in the form of Christmas and our New Year's Eve, as the winter solstice there occurs around December 21st.
Never one to not have a unifying theme in her albums, Tori Amos has said that she wanted Midwinter Graces to as inclusive an album as possible, knowing that winter solstice-time is celebrated by many people in many different social contexts, whether it be religious or secular, and always with a focus on the return of the Light, and family, love, warmth and beauty.
Amos' music is often associated with emotional blood-letting and sharp criticism of political and religious systems she sees as being repressive and life-denying. You won't find that on this album. What you will find, however, is music as pure and beautiful as a winter's night. There are traditional carols given a bit of a new sound through her mastery of the piano and her shimmering voice.
Star of Wonder gives a Persian influence to the well-known carol We Three Kings, updating it slightly to include a message of hope for humanity in times when intolerance seems to be the order of the day. The hauntingly beautiful Candle: Coventry Candle and the exquisite Holly, Ivy and Rose (think The Holly and the Ivy) both have something of a mediaeval sound to them, and both have a family element to them: Candle features guest vocals by Tori's niece, and Holly features a response vocal by her daughter Natashya.
Emmanuel is Tori's version of the Advent carol expressing the longing for the coming of the bright Dayspring who will pour on our souls his healing light.
Amos brings in the warmth of family and friends gathered together in the big-band tracks A Silent Night with You and Pink and Glitter, which is a reminder that the true gift of the season lies in relationship, not presents like 'a grown up motor toy'. She also acknowledges the bittersweet moments that the darkness of winter brings in the song 'Our New Year'.
The stark beauty of the world outdoors is not forgotten, as the winterscape features in songs like the gentle Snow Angel and the folkloric Winter's Carol.
Musically, the sound ranges from lush brass and strings, to a piano as gentle and soft as snowfall, to a harpsichord whose sound I can describe only as "warm". All in all, Midwinter Graces is a stunningly beautiful album, which has made a welcome change to Boney M's Christmas carols, and has an inclusive element that seasonal music often lacks.
It is a little strange to be listening to carols in the middle of the year, but the beauty of this album has helped open me up to an idea that transcends any one spiritual path. In the bleak days and cold nights of a Johannesburg winter, a reminder of the return of light and warmth is welcomed, and as my friends and I gather to celebrate Yuletide, I can think of no better musical accompaniment.
Living in the Southern Hemisphere means that this isn't an album I'll listen to on one day of the year. Midwinter Graces has become a sonic friend during winter, and I know that it will bring something special when my family and I gather around the manger at Christmas time, too. If you would like to appreciate the cold months in a new way, adding Tori Amos' Midwinter Graces to your music collection is definitely one way to do it.


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Roland Barber Quartet
by Rudy's Jazz Room
Rudy's Jazz Room
809 Gleaves Street
Nashville-native, trombonist Roland Barber has performed with an impressively diverse and world class list of musicians, including Stefon Harris, the Spanish Harlem Orchestra, Manny Oquendo y Libre, Chaka Khan, Wynton Marsalis and the JLCO, the Duke Ellington Orchestra, and the NBC Saturday Night Live Band. Roland has performed in venues such as Carnegie Hall, Birdland, the Blue Note, Lincoln Center, the Copacabana, and Madison Square Garden. He has appeared on television, including MTV's making the band, NBC's Saturday Night Live, CBS' Today Show and ESPN Awards. Roland's main influences are Al Grey, Steve Turre, and J.J. Johnson, as he aspires to a trademark expression featuring an authentic, soulful bluesy melodicism, deft technical command, and a warm, expressive, tone.
Expect Roland, known as Nashville's, "Storyteller," to bring forth a mix of jazz originals, classic standards from the pens of iconic voices past, and gems from the American Songbook. The supporting cast for this show includes Bruce Dudley, who always brings a gifted blend of tradition and imagination to the keyboard. On the drums, you'll hear Christian Burgs, a young phenom who is taking Nashville by storm, turning heads with his musicianship and passion. Chris Croce will play bass - a strong, soulful foundation for any rhythm section to build on. Expect Roland to debut new music, welcome requests, and to broadcast the winning appeal and connection that he's known for.
All patrons are required to provide proof that you are vaccinated for Covid-19, OR proof of a negative Covid-19 test that was administered within 72 hours of the date on which you are attending a show at Rudy's Jazz Room. Proof of vaccination and test results must bear a name that matches the government-issued identification for the patron that is seeking entry. We accept a picture or scan on your cell phone, photocopy, or original document of your CDC-issued vaccination card. We will accept a printed, or digital copy of a negative Covid-19 test result from a test given within 72 hours of the date of the show you are attending.
This show is 21 and over only. All sales are final and we unfortunately cannot offer any refunds. Additional tickets may be available at the door on the day of the show even if it is sold out online.
Please try to arrive 15 minutes prior to the show start time. If you do not arrive within 45 minutes after the show start time on your ticket your seat may be resold to other patrons at the door. If you arrive after 45 minutes from the start time of the show and your ticket has been resold, although we cannot guarantee it, we will try our best to make space for you to attend the show.
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Food, gift donations pulled together days before Christmas
Bicycles delivered to MPAL for distribution to families
Mike Cherry
MIKE: TONIGHT, THAT SPIRIT OF GIVING WAS ON DISPLAY, SHOWING WHAT THE POWER OF KINDNESS CAN ACCOMPLISH IN MANCHESTER, THE SPIRIT OF GIVING CAME BY THE TRUCK LOAD AT THE MANCHESTER POLICE ATHLETIC LEAGUE. >> I THINK IT'S INDESCRIBABLE. THERE IS NOTHING LIKE THE MAGIC OF CHRISTMAS MORNING. MIKE: WITH THE HELP OF BRADY SULLIVAN, M-PAL IS WORKING WITH FAMILIES TO MAKE SURE THESE BIKES GET TO KIDS WHO NEED THE PARENTS WILL PICK UP THE NEW WHEELS THIS AFTERNOON TO HAVE UNDER THE TREE IN TIME FOR CHRISTMA JAYNA: JUST LOOK AT THE BIKES BEHIND ME. THIS IS A SUPER EXCITING DAY. IT IS HELP BRINGING JOY TO FAMILIES WHO ARE LESS FORTUNATE, AND WE'RE JUST PROUD TO BE A PART OF IT IN A WAY FOR FAMILIES TO ENJOY A CHRISTMAS. EVERYONE DESERVES A GREAT CHRISTMAS. MIKE: IN BEDFORD, STUDENTS TOOK PART IN AN ANNUAL TRADITION. THIS WINTER, SCHOOL OFFICIALS SAY THEY'VE EXCEEDED EXPECTATIONS. WE DO A LOT OF COLLECTION FOR FOOD SERVICE. >> IT IS GREAT TO DO SOMETHING FOR OUR SCHOOL. MIKE: THI WINTER, SCHOOL OFFICIALS SAY THEY HAVE EXCEEDED EXPECTATIONS. >> WE HAVE COLLECTED FOOD F 36 FAMILIES IN THE TOWN OF BEDFORD, AND THE KIDS ARE PUTTING THEM TOGETHER. >> I THINK WHAT IS MOST IMPORTANT HERE IS THAT OUR STUDENTS GET A SENSE OF OUR COMMUNITY AND THAT THERE ARE PEOPLE IN NEED, AND WE LEARN THAT GIVING OF OURSELVES ACTUALLY FEELS GOOD. MIKE: SCHOOL OFFICIALS SAY THOSE BOXES OF MEALS WER
Granite Staters across New Hampshire are working overtime to make sure that no family in the state is left without a meal or a present over the holidays.>> Download the FREE WMUR appIn Manchester, a truckload of bicycles was dropped off at the Manchester Police Athletic League."I think it's indescribable," said Jayna Stevens, MPAL director of operations and development. "There is nothing like the magic of Christmas morning."With the help of Brady Sullivan, MPAL is working with families to make sure the bicycles get to children who need them. Parents were set to pick up the new wheels Friday afternoon to have under the tree in time for Christmas."Just look at the bikes behind me. This is a super exciting day," Stevens said. "It will help bring joy to families who are less fortunate, and we're just proud to be a part of it in a way for families to enjoy a Christmas. Everyone deserves a great Christmas."Brady Sullivan officials said about 1,000 bicycles were delivered to communities across southern New England.In Bedford, students took part in an annual tradition, collecting donations for food baskets for families in need.This winter, the effort exceeded expectations, school officials said. Food was collected for 36 families in the Bedford area."I think what's most important is that our students get a sense of our community and that there are people in need and that we learn that giving of ourselves is actually pretty good," said Principal Ed Joyce.School officials said the boxes of meals were delivered Friday afternoon.
MANCHESTER, N.H. —
Granite Staters across New Hampshire are working overtime to make sure that no family in the state is left without a meal or a present over the holidays.
>> Download the FREE WMUR app
In Manchester, a truckload of bicycles was dropped off at the Manchester Police Athletic League.
"I think it's indescribable," said Jayna Stevens, MPAL director of operations and development. "There is nothing like the magic of Christmas morning."
With the help of Brady Sullivan, MPAL is working with families to make sure the bicycles get to children who need them. Parents were set to pick up the new wheels Friday afternoon to have under the tree in time for Christmas.
"Just look at the bikes behind me. This is a super exciting day," Stevens said. "It will help bring joy to families who are less fortunate, and we're just proud to be a part of it in a way for families to enjoy a Christmas. Everyone deserves a great Christmas."
Brady Sullivan officials said about 1,000 bicycles were delivered to communities across southern New England.
In Bedford, students took part in an annual tradition, collecting donations for food baskets for families in need.
This winter, the effort exceeded expectations, school officials said. Food was collected for 36 families in the Bedford area.
"I think what's most important is that our students get a sense of our community and that there are people in need and that we learn that giving of ourselves is actually pretty good," said Principal Ed Joyce.
School officials said the boxes of meals were delivered Friday afternoon.


What do fitness, twins, and entrepreneurship have in common? From the sound of it, not much, but if you ask Ali Brown, she'll tell you that they have everything to do with each other!
Interestingly, she had never heard of Intermittent Fasting, but when she saw the explosive growth of the FASTer Way, she was definitely intrigued!
She decided to try some of the FASTer Way strategies and after two weeks she could already tell a difference. Three months into it, she'd lost 25 pounds. She realized that she didn't have to suffer in order to reach her goals! That's the magic of the FASTer Way, it's accessible to everyone and the lifestyle is completely sustainable!
You can hear more about Ali's incredible story in our podcast interview. It was such an honor to be on her show, and I'd love for you to listen!
Ali and I will hold a special Zoom meeting (listen to the podcast for all the details!), so be sure to register so you can join us. Together, Ali and I will answer your questions so you can jumpstart your new health journey! You'll leave this meeting excited and inspired and ready to CRUSH your goals!


As we continue making our plans for walking the Via Francigena, I've felt compelled to do a bit of research on the path and its history. First of all, how did this path get its name? It starts in England and finishes in Rome, so why 'Francigena'?
The route goes from England to Rome. Why call it the 'Via Francigena'?
During this time, 'the holy places of Christianity were Jerusalem, Rome and Santiago de Compostela, and the via Francigena became the central hub of the great ways of faith. In fact, many pilgrims coming along the way from the north to Rome would continue along the via Appia towards the ports of Puglia, where they would embark for the Holy Land.' Now that would really be a long walk and we think our upcoming walk from Rome to Canterbury is long!
Pope Benedict XVI wears a pallium above, the white y-shaped vestment with red embroidered cross.
It seems that even though a missive from the Pope confirmed that Sigeric was promoted to the 27th Archbishop of Canterbury, it wasn't until he made his trip to Rome and received his 'pallium', a liturgical vestment, that it was really official and he could exercise his archbishopric powers.
Another probing question? Who exactly was Sigeric and why was he so serious? It's not surprising that not much is known about him. 'It is known that he was a monk at Glastonbury Abbey and became abbot of St Augustine's Abbey, Canterbury, in 980. He was consecrated as Bishop of Ramsbury in 985 and Archbishop of Canterbury in 990.' It appears that the 'serious' part of his name was either due to the fact that he was a devoted scholar and learned man or perhaps it's a direct translation of his name Sigeric to the Latin 'serio'. It's highly possible that he was a real comedian with a great sense of humor. Who knows? He died in 994 and is buried at Christ Church in Canterbury.
We're hoping to visit him when we end our walk in Canterbury next summer and thank him for being such a good diary-keeper. Otherwise we would have been looking for another route to walk.
Check out more of our pre-Via Francigena activity as we get closer & closer to the departure date.


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National Brain Tumor Society Statement on White House Cancer Moonshot Task Force
Vice President Joseph R. Biden, Jr. announced his desire for a cancer "moonshot" during his remaining time in office during a speech in late October 2015. A formal initiative was pledged during President Barack Obama's State of the Union Address earlier in January 2016, in which the president affirmed that Biden would lead such an effort. Since then, nominal announcements have been made by the vice president as to what the exact shape and details of his undertaking will include. Today (Jan. 28th, 2016), President Obama issued an Executive Memorandum establishing a "White House Cancer Moonshot Task Force," to be headed officially by the vice president, providing further clarity to this nascent initiative.
David F. Arons, JD, Chief Executive Officer of the National Brain Tumor Society (NBTS), today issued the following statement regarding the official formation of a White House Cancer Moonshot Task Force:
Today's announcement of an official White House Cancer Moonshot Task Force is further affirmation of this administration's unequivocal support and commitment to their stated goal of accelerating, "…progress towards prevention, treatment, and a cure – to double the rate of progress on the fight against cancer – and put ourselves on a path to achieve in just five years research and treatment gains that otherwise might take a decade or more."
By designating heads of numerous key executive branch agencies, departments, and offices as members of the Task Force, Vice President Biden – serving as Chair of the Task Force – should have the necessary resources and support, as well as the collective mind of leading policymakers, to successfully remove bureaucratic, regulatory, and cultural barriers that often slow progress of cancer research and drug development endeavors.
National Brain Tumor Society congratulates the administration for the launch of the Task Force, and for the urgency with which it was formed. We are particularly encouraged by Section 3 ("Outreach") of the memorandum, which calls for continued engagement with diverse stakeholders in the cancer research community, including patient groups and nonprofits, such as NBTS. Indeed, NBTS has been honored and privileged to already meet with, and subsequently submit detailed recommendations to, the vice president's office. As the largest nonprofit patient advocacy and research funding organization in the field of brain tumors/brain cancer, the type of cancer which took the vice president's son, Beau, we believe we have inimitable insight into specific steps that can be taken that will not only advance brain cancer research – an areas of critical unmet medial need – but which would also benefit the entire oncology field.
NBTS looks forward to continuing to work with Vice President Biden and his staff and assist the Task Force as they prepare their final report for action by the end of the calendar year. NBTS ardently believes that a large, comprehensive and collaborative effort will significantly aid in providing the right funding, resources, and policy measures to allow scientific momentum to accelerate – with minimal impediments – toward better treatments, and ultimately cures.


This is my Arduino Nano 4x 18650 Smart Charger / Discharger Open Source Project.
This unit is powered by 12V 5A. It can be powered by a computer power supply.
I wanted to make a smart Arduino powered charger, discharger battery tester that could have a barcode scanner that scanned barcodes on batteries and input all the data into an Online Database Portal. This would allow me to correctly sort and analyze trends in all my reclaimed lithium batteries.
Version 1: I originally started out using a single sided PCB milled out with my CNC. This unit only had one cell and could charge ,discharge and test milli ohms.
Version 2.2: I moved onto using smaller PCB's that were etched then I had two cell modules on a Arduino UNO.
Version 3.2: I used the same smaller PCB's but I used an Arduino Mega and mounted it all on a Acrylic stand. I had originally planned to have 16 modules but ended up only using 8 cell modules as I would of needed to use analog signal multiplexers and the wiring was already very messy.
Arduino Mega 8x Charger / Discharger 1.1: I designed a PCB in easy EDA for an Arduino Mega 8x Charger / Discharger. This has a 20x4 LCD, Rotary Encoder, SD Card reader (never used), Ethernet, USB Host for a barcode scanning direct into the Arduino.
Arduino Mega 8x Charger / Discharger 1.2+: Later I made some small changes and added a ESP8266 Adaptor for WIFI communication.
Arduino Nano 4x 18650 Smart Charger / Discharger 1.0: I started designing a 4x version to make it much cheaper and easier to build. This version does not have a barcode scanner but it communicated with the Vortex IT Battery Portal to send and receive data via the internet.
Arduino Nano 4x 18650 Smart Charger / Discharger 1.1: This has some small amendments from Version 1.0 as it had some small bugs in the design and this version was released to the public.
Solder the Nano's two 15 pin female headers, 16x CD74HC4067 Multiplexers 8 pin and 16 pin female headers, ESP8266 adaptors 4 pin female, LCD 4 pin female and the 74HC595N Shift registers 16 pin DIP IC socket.
Note: solder all components on the silk screen side.
Solder and install the 5.5mm DC Jack, Arduino Nano 328p, CD74HC4067 multiplexer and 74HC595N shift register.
When soldering the Arduino Nano and the Multiplexer I recommend first placing the male header pins in the female header pins then solder the component in place.
Solder the 4x Dallas Sensors on the top layer for each cell module plus the ambient sensor on the bottom layer.
It is good practice to clean the flux with isopropyl alcohol.
Adjust the potentiometer on serial adaptor at back of the LCD Screen CC or CW until you see the text displayed.
Once you are happy with the contrast remove the Dupont Jumper wires.
With the PCB facing the bottom layer set your multi-meter to diode / continuity mode.
Place the negative probe on a GND source and the positive probe on the 1st modules load resistors connectors right side (as shown in the images).
Your multi-meter should beep for 1 second then no beep for 1 second.
Repeat this for each module.
With the PCB facing the bottom layer set your multi-meter to DC voltage mode (usually 20V range).
Place the negative probe on a GND source and the positive probe on the 1st modules TP5100 right side + positive connector (as shown in the images).
Your multi-meter should show 12V for 1 second then a low voltage for 1 second. Repeat this for each module.
Leave in the USB cable. Do not connect the Fan or 12V Power.
Open the Serial monitor in Arduino IDE at 115200 baud rate.
It should detect / locate 5x devices.
Heat up the 1st DS18B20 Temperature Sensor with the upper tip of your soldering iron for a short period of time.
It should print "Detected Battery: 1" then "Heat Up Battery Sensor: 2"
This will sequentially go through each 4 x modules until it says "Detected Ambient Sensor Completed"
It will display the Hexadecimal Serial numbers of all the DS18B20 Temperature Sensors at the bottom.
Note: If you get 99 degrees Celsius temperature reading it means that there is an error reading that sensor. Either the serial is wrong or the device is faulty.
With a knife or some diagonal pliers cut 20x single Male 2.54 mm headers.
Place 5x Male headers per TP5100 module on the bottom layer on the PCB. I recommend putting the long side down through the hole.
Place a TP5100 module on each module and solder it in place. Use some tweezers to manipulate the Male headers if they won't align.
All the TP5100 modules should turn on for 1 second the turn off for 1 second.
Remove the 4x 18650 Battery Holder and drill a 6.5mm - 7mm hole. I recommend using a smaller drill bit first.
Test fit the 4x 18650 Battery Holder and see if the DS18B20 Temperature Sensor have sufficient clearance.
Note: Do not solder the 4x 18650 Battery Holder until all other components have been soldered.
First mount the headers. You can either use the 5.08mm Screw Terminal or JST 2.54mm Male Header.
Note: I use some blu tack to hold the header / terminal in place while soldering.
Measure, number and log the resistance of each resistor.
Edit the Arduino Sketch from github: ASCD_Nano_1-0-0 add in the amended resistor values.
In this example I am using the 5.08mm Screw Terminals and I am staggering each wire wound resistor. Later I will add steps for aluminium clad resistors on a heat-sink.
Solder in the 4x 18650 Battery Holder.
Note: You may need to trim some contacts down with some flush / diagonal pliers.
Solder the 6mm push button.
Use a right angle 4pin 2.54mm connector to connect the Female to Male connectors.
Note: you may need to tin the connector to get a good connection if it is loose.
3D Printed case only: Thread some M3 x 18mm screws the Fan screw holes add the Fan.
Before uploading the sketch check the 5V Voltage output from the Arduino's Voltage Regulator. There are two probe points about the LCD screen.
If you have not already registered your Vortex It - Battery Portal Account go to the next step.
If you have not already register for an account.
On the menu click "Charger / Discharger" -> "New"
Select from the drop down list "Arduino 4x C/D"
Click "New Charger / Discharger"
On the menu click "Charger / Discharger" -> "View"
Make not of your "UserHash" and "CDUnitID"
Insert some batteries into the Cell Modules and go to the "Live View Module" page scan in your barcodes and you are off.
Check out the Facebook group for updates, information, help and discussions.


Randstad India Walkin 2019: Good News for the aspirants having Any Graduate, B.E, B.Tech Degrees in their Hand!!! Randstad India Pvt. Ltd is conducting the Randstad India Walkin Drive on 21st, 22nd March 2019. Eligible candidates are kindly requested to attend for this Randstad India Walkin in Bangalore. Moreover, the candidates who are waiting for the Randstad India Jobs can grab this wonderful opportunity in the same way the candidates looking for the Jobs in Bangalore find out all the details mentioned in this post.
BE / B.Tech (any stream) or Any Graduates 2016,2017,2018 batch can apply.
Decent knowledge related to the operating system, hardware, networking, etc.
In December 2007, Randstad Holding NV acquired the operations of Ma Foi, through its $5.14 billion acquisition of Vedior. By 2010, Randstad consolidated its Indian operations as the "Ma Foi Randstad" brand, by integrating the businesses of EmmayHR and Teams4U with Ma Foi. Finally in April 2012, "Randstad India" brand replaced Ma Foi Randstad. In February 2015, Randstad India converted into a Private Limited Company. In October of that year, its Sri Lankan arm was acquired by Quess Corp.
Carry all the below mentioned documents while attending the Randstad India Walkin in Bangalore. Since the officials are not allowing without these important documents to obtain Randstad India Jobs.
Applicants should have all the essential educational certificates along with the xerox copies while attending the Randstad India Walkin Drive.
Moreover, all the job aspirants should carry the latest updated Resume and the job aspirants should have Latest Passport size photos.
Bookmark this site to get push notifications of every update. Keep in contact with our website Freshers Now to get more similar updates.


text:
Toshiba Mulls Sale Of White Goods Business, May Merge It With Sharp
Toshiba Corp. is considering selling its money-losing white goods business as an accounting scandal has raised the need for sweeping restructuring, sources familiar with the matter said Friday.
One option is to integrate the white goods business, which makes refrigerators and washing machines, with that of Sharp Corp., the sources said. Such a deal, if realized, would mark a historic change for Toshiba, which developed Japan's first electric washing machine in 1930.
Japanese electronics makers that have been shifting their production overseas are struggling from the yen's weakness, which cuts into their profitability.
Under the circumstances, Innovation Network Corporation of Japan, an investment fund set up with government- and private-sector funding, and major Japanese banks have envisioned forming a coalition of companies to boost Japan's competitiveness abroad.
The potential integration of the Toshiba and Sharp units would help reduce procurement and other costs. But the integrated business would need a solid financial base that allows for necessary investments on a continuing basis so it could gain technological advantage amid the rise of Chinese and South Korean rivals, industry observers said.
Toshiba may seek financial and other forms of support from Innovation Network Corporation of Japan, the sources said, although criticism could arise that the investment fund is using taxpayers' money to rescue the embattled electronics maker.
Toshiba recorded a 90.4 billion yen ($736 million) operating loss in the first half of fiscal 2015, partly because of sluggishness in its white goods unit.
Toshiba President Masashi Muromachi has vowed to proceed with a bold restructuring of its businesses to get the Japanese industrial conglomerate back on its feet.
Sharp is also in the doldrums, with a group operating loss of 25.16 billion for the April to September period.
After nearly seven years of inflating profits in a "systematic" way, Toshiba had to revise down by 224.8 billion yen its pretax profits from April 2008 to December 2014.
Maker of products ranging from chips, personal computers and nuclear reactors, Toshiba is considering a series of restructuring steps. It said Friday that it has signed a deal to sell its production line for image sensors to Sony Corp. for 19 billion yen.
In a related move, industry sources said Toshiba and Fujitsu Ltd. will begin negotiations on the possible integration of their PC businesses. The two companies could gain the largest market share of the domestic PC market if the merger is realized.


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B1 中級 澳洲腔 15751 分類 收藏
Today, I want to answer one of the most commonly asked questions in my four plus plus plus years... Plus plus plus?
...of doing YouTube which is: "why do Japanese people wear masks?"
This is probably like my third most frequently asked question after like,
"Why did you learn Japanese?", "How did you get to Japan?", "What's your job in Japan?", etc.
Why do Japanese people wear masks?
Now, there are actually a bunch of reasons.
Right now it is spring in Japan,
although you can't really tell because it's been like snowing.
Snow and cherry blossoms.
And a lot of people here suffer from hay fever.
So in Spring, that is a big reason. You'll see people wearing masks, that's because a lot of Japanese people suffer from hay fever.
Like, really bad.
Like, in my friends there are a lot of people who suffer from hay fever.
Reason number two is reportedly the original reason people wore masks, and that's to do with sickness.
So if you are sick, you wear a mask.
It's kind of a way of protecting the people around you from catching the sickness.
Now, I mean there's argument as to how effective this is, but it is kind of a common courtesy
because people who are sick do tend to go into work, even though they're sick in Japan.
I mean, it's kind of like you just go in until you're told to go home because you're too sick to be there.
But that is how it tends to be done here.
So that is another main reason.
Another one connected to this is people will wear masks to prevent getting sick.
So prevention, uh, particularly on trains, airplanes shinkansen, the bullet trains, and places like that, people will wear masks to protect them from germs.
Whether or not it's effective, it is a main reason people do wear masks here.
And if you can imagine a very crowded Tokyo train and just all those germs flying around, it's enough to make anyone a little bit germphobic.
But there are other reasons for wearing masks, too.
One of them is disguise.
Probably this isn't something you guys will need to do but it is one of the reasons people wear masks, which is just a little extra disguised, particularly if they are celebrities.
And another reason is if you are not wearing makeup, it covers pretty much most of your face.
So if you're not wearing makeup, it's kind of like a lazy day method of covering your face with something else.
When you have a breakout, acne, spots — I just scratched myself, whoops.
Um, just you can put on your mask and cover them up.
And I'm not going to lie, I've done that before.
Another reason that has definitely been debated about online is social anxiety.
Like maybe you don't want people to approach you or talk to you.
Or maybe you're just not feeling confident so you can cover up your face and feel a little bit more secure.
And I can definitely see how this would work being shy myself.
And another reason I found while researching this video was warmth.
People wear it for warmth.
And I thought about that and I was like, "Really?"
But then I thought about how cold it gets in Winter and I can totally understand especially when you're walking outside.
It's very cold, dry air outside.
So warmth is another reason.
I hope that answered the question for you.
Recently masks are even becoming more and more of a fashion accessory.
You can buy black masks.
They're quite popular in Harajuku in the moment.
You can buy, uh, like funny masks with little pictures on them.
And you can buy kind of pastel-colored masks.
And you can get masks that have a little aroma infusion in them.
I actually really like those.
So if you're in Japan, I challenge you to try out a mask and see how it goes.
B1 中級 澳洲腔
為什麼日本人常常戴口罩?(Why Do Japanese People Wear Masks?)
Samuel 發佈於 2018 年 6 月 14 日 JR.KaTo 翻譯 Evangeline 審核


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