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Maryland and Montgomery County Showcase Technological Enhancement for Disability Parking Enforcement; Respect the Space. They need it. You Don't! Preventing the illegal use of disability parking placards
Wednesday, October 24, 2012 11:42 AM
MVA Administrator John Kuo joined Montgomery County Executive Isiah Leggett and Montgomery County Police Chief J. Thomas Manger to announce changes to the Maryland Motor Vehicle Administration's (MVA) vehicle registration database to provide law enforcement agencies throughout the state of Maryland with information regarding disability parking privileges. With this state-wide expansion of informational access, Maryland law enforcement agencies have a new, state-of-the-art tool against the illegal use of disability parking placards.
"One of the primary concerns brought to my attention by members of the County's Commission on People with Disabilities was the abuse of disability parking placards," said County Executive Isiah Leggett. "I really appreciate that the work of the MVA with our police department to make better enforcement against that abuse possible"
"For those who don't respect disability parking laws, the message is clear. You will be caught and fined. Disabled parking placards should only be used by those who need them," said Kuo. "Hopefully, this enforcement will make abusers think twice about taking something that doesn't belong to them – a placard which allows its rightful owner a necessary, more convenient parking space."
The Deputy Secretary for the Maryland Department of Disabilities George Failla, Jr., read a proclamation from Governor Martin O'Malley honoring the October observance of National Disability Employment Awareness Month and Maryland Disability Awareness and History Month. The Chairperson of Montgomery County's Commission on People with Disabilities Trish Gallalee shared her personal experiences and concerns about disabled parking space and placard abuses.
"There are ten violations listed in our Transportation Articles that deal with disabled parking placard abuse," said Montgomery County Police Chief J. Thomas Manger. "Fines range from $70 to $140 with up to 12 points on your license…and offenders can be charged with multiple violations for the same incident of abuse."
In November of 2011, Montgomery County Executive Isiah Leggett announced a new County-wide initiative entitled, "Respect the Space," which was designed to raise awareness about the proper use of accessible parking spaces reserved for people with disabilities. The initiative was suggested by the County's Commission on People with Disabilities. The members were concerned about non-disabled people parking in reserved accessible spaces and the abuse of disability parking placards.
The County increased its enforcement of illegal parking in accessible spaces, but needed the assistance of the MVA to better enforce placard abuses. Special Assistant Michael Subin and the Director of the Montgomery County Traffic Division Captain Thomas Didone met with investigators at the MVA including Inspector John Harkins to build a partnership between the agencies that would allow members of law enforcement direct access to the MVA's internet database of those legally registered for disabled parking placards and plates. The MVA worked diligently to make that a reality.
Beginning in August of 2012, law enforcement officers across Maryland have been able to access the MVA's database. That in turn allows them to stop offenses when fraud, theft and the abuse of disabled parking privileges occur. With that information, law enforcement can access the vehicle records and determine to whom a disabled parking privilege belongs. Included in the information is the photo of the person to whom disabled parking access has been granted.
The MVA is also working to train local police officers across the state on how to conduct enforcement operations on disabled parking abuses. Disabled parking spaces are reserved for individuals with disabilities who have a disabled parking license plate or placard issued with the universal wheelchair symbol, by the MVA. October is National Disability Employment Awareness Month and Maryland Disability Awareness and History Month. The MVA and Montgomery County officials want to raise awareness on the proper use of disability placards. The illegal use of disability parking placards infringes upon the rights of citizens with disabilities and now immediately becomes an enforceable violation.
For more information about how to obtain a disability parking placard and guidelines for its legal use, click on www.mva.Maryland.gov and look under "Vehicle Services" - Disability Placards. For more information about the Respect the Space initiative, go to the County's website at www.montgomerycountymd.gov and click on the Respect the Space icon on the homepage.
Lucille Baur
Montgomery County Maryland
www.montgomerycountymd.gov/
Maryland disability parking placards awareness the abuse people disabilities the Respect members the state Maryland Disability Awareness Montgomery County Executive Isiah Leggett disabilities More information History Month the MVA


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Frederick "Ben" Rodgers – author of "Lily & Me", "The Royal Navy & Me" and collector of Rover automobiles
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Weather Watch
Posted on January 27, 2012 by irishroverpei
The back fields don't look like the photo yet, but I'm off on our walk early this morning. We have a storm on the way that is scheduled to start around noon time. Quite a mixed bag if we are … Continue reading →
Posted in family, Just Fooling, vehicles | Tagged BMW, convertible, dogs, food, freezing rain, fridge, ice pejjets, london, policeman, rain, senior, snow, speeding, storm, walk, west, wood | 1 Comment
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To prevent an explosion that kills thousands, the team steals antimatter from a military convoy. The material's intended recipient is a new traveler who fails to prevent his host's suicide, forcing the team to improvise. After failing to upgrade their containment device, the team returns the antimatter to its origin facility. They form a tenuous alliance with Dr. Delaney, who produced the antimatter; history records her as complicit in the weaponization of antimatter, but she actually opposes Major Gleason's ambitions. MacLaren informs Delaney that they will return soon. Philip retains his host's heroin addiction. MacLaren meets his wife, Kat, but also resumes a preexisting relationship with Carly. Marcy works to build trust with a confused David.
Thai tourism is as robust as ever: more than 21 million international visitors poured into the capital in 2016, making it the world's most visited city. To accommodate all those arrivals, the metropolis is welcoming a bevy of posh new hotels in the coming year. The Waldorf Astoria Bangkok will have a spa, rooftop bar, and outdoor infinity pool overlooking the Royal Bangkok Sports Club, while the 155-room Bangkok Edition will open this summer in MahaNakhon, a towering skyscraper with a swirl of cubical cutouts wrapping around the building. Four Seasons and Capella both have properties in the works on the Chao Phraya Estate, a lush riverfront development that's part shopping and dining destination, part tropical escape. The Michelin Guide will make its long-awaited debut here this year, drawing attention to one of the world's most dynamic culinary scenes. And for art lovers, there's a flock of brand-new multipurpose creative spaces to explore, including the Thailand Creative & Design Center, which just relocated to a former General Post Office on historic Charoen Krung Road; Warehouse 30, a series of World War II-era warehouses revamped by starchitect Duangrit Bunnag; and ChangChui, an immense complex of bars, shops, and restaurants constructed out of upcycled materials, including an airplane salvaged from the scrap pile. —Diana Hubbell
There are lots of ways to appreciate Price without breaking the bank. For example, you might want to put on your walking shoes, grab a free map, and wander around to a side of this destination where money doesn't do all the talking. Our choice of affordable hotels makes Price a favorite among budget-conscious travelers looking for a vacation to remember. Don't let your budget keep you from experiencing everything that Price has to offer, the right hotel is just a click away!
Of all the islands that make up Italy's Aeolian archipelago, Salina is arguably the most alluring: it is not yet a celebrity haven like its neighbor Stromboli, where Giorgio Armani, Domenico Dolce, and Stefano Gabbana have homes; and it's not yet overrun with the luxury yachts of affluent soccer players like nearby Panarea. That the isle has stayed blissfully unspoiled for this long eludes those who know of its imposing natural beauty — steep mountains blanketed in blossoming trees and wildflowers, small villages speckled with olive and lemon groves, fig trees, and miles of terraced Malvasia vineyards. The Relais & Châteaux property Capofaro Malvasia & Resort is one of Salina's finest places to check in to, thanks to its secluded location, private beach, Tasca d'Almerita wines, and restaurant spotlighting local flavors (think wild fennel, orange, and caper leaves). Once you've settled in, skip on over to the town of Lingua to watch the sun set on the Marina Garibaldi, and order the best almond granita of your life at the Da Alfredo waterfront café. —Rocky Casale
El Cortez Hotel and Casino C$ 51+ the D Las Vegas C$ 55+ Oasis at Gold Spike C$ 61+ Plaza Hotel & Casino C$ 64+ Palace Station Hotel And Casino C$ 67+ Circus Circus Hotel & Casino C$ 73+ Hooters Casino Hotel C$ 79+ Downtown Grand Las Vegas C$ 79+ Stratosphere Hotel, Casino & Tower, BW Premier Collection C$ 80+ Westgate Las Vegas Resort and Casino C$ 83+ Tuscany Suites & Casino C$ 88+ Alexis Park All Suite Resort C$ 89+
To better accommodate the millions who visit Iguazú Falls, a UNESCO site of 275 mighty waterfalls straddling the border of Argentina and Brazil, nearby Cataratas del Iguazú Airport is being modernized and enlarged. Within Iguazú National Park, the Ecological Jungle Train, which takes visitors on a 25-minute journey to the epic Devil's Throat cascade, is converting from gas to environmentally friendly electric trains. Starting this February, travelers will be able to bed down at the long-awaited Awasi Iguazú resort where 14 rainforest villas will each have plunge pools and guests will have access to a personal excursion guide and 4WD vehicles. Expect visits to native Guarani tribes, river kayaking, and jungle treks led by a resident biologist. Selvaje, an upscale 12-room lodge, will also open early this year and will offer a menu of couple-friendly activities, from picnics to spa treatments. For the ultimate in romance, though, Argentinean travel outfitter Mai 10 (run by Travel + Leisure A-List Agent Maita Barrenechea) can arrange private dinners alongside the falls under the light of a full moon. —Nora Jean Walsh
When historic rainfall pummeled California last February, the damage to Big Sur was severe. Mudslides cut off access to Highway 1, the region's only thoroughfare, from the south; then a crack ripped through the Pfeiffer Canyon Bridge, blocking the northern end. Almost overnight, this 90-odd-mile stretch of craggy coastline — long beloved for its sense of remoteness — became an island. Nearly a year later, Big Sur is stirring back to life. The bridge has been replaced and a major slide has been cleared. After an elaborate renovation, the 160-acre Ventana Big Sur has reopened as the first Alila property in the U.S. — and is a luxurious rival to Post Ranch. The place is a stunner, whether you're facing a forested canyon from the pool or enjoying pink and orange sunsets from the terrace. In addition to the plush ocean-view suites, clad in weathered wood, there are now glamping tents nearby that marry rusticity and comfort, with amenities like luxury linens and fire pits. —Jonah Weiner
The Quisby $50+ Wyndham Garden Hotel Baronne Plaza $93+ The Whitney Hotel $99+ B on Canal $106+ Pelham Hotel New Orleans, La $116+ International House Hotel $118+ Royal St. Charles French Quarter/Downtown $119+ Royal Crescent Hotel $120+ Holiday Inn New Orleans-Downtown Superdome $122+ Chateau Hotel $122+ Holiday Inn Express New Orleans - St Charles $122+ Wyndham New Orleans - French Quarter $126+ French Market Inn $136+ Bienville House $141+
The jewel of the Adriatic Sea, Croatia is home to more than 1,200 islands, but travel between them has long been dictated by expensive yacht charters and sluggish public ferries. In 2018, that's set to change, now that UberBOAT, from the popular ride-sharing app, has launched on-demand transfers and private tours along the Dalmatian Coast. Hit the high seas in the direction of Šolta, a hilly isle a mere nine nautical miles from Split (the second-largest city in Croatia).


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Home > Parish Life > Food Pantry
The parish collects non-perishable canned goods and paper products the first full weekend of each month for the St. Vince de Paul Society Food Pantry at Our Lady of Grace Church in Greensburg.
The items are placed on tables in the Madonna Room of Marian Hall before and after weekend Masses. If one would like to write a check, please make all checks payable to: "St. Vincent de Paul."
When the church office get calls for food, we refer them to the food pantry, and many people are helped because of your generosity.
Contact the Food Pantry
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Albums of 2010
I'm currently listening to Robyns Body Talk. It's such a great pop album. I want to dance to it all day and night, even when out and about in public (i.e I'm dancing to it right now at Starbucks….). Listening to this got me thinking about what some of my favorite albums of 2010 have been. So here comes that post.
My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy is easily my FAVORITE album of the year. Hands down, it's such a great album. I rock out to it at least once a day. Kanye West has crafted a really well thought out, beautifully written and produced album. Each song stands on its own (except for my least favorite – So Appalled). It's been the album I've been looking forward to for most of the year and when it came out, I jumped out and bought it IMMEDIATELY.
The Suburbs by the Arcade Fire felt like a throwback to Funeral, which is my favorite album by them. Neon Bible was good, but there was just something that didn't rub me the right way about it – it was too electronic if I recall correctly. Plus, the themes presented in The Suburbs are something that I can connect with – the feeling of growing up in the suburbs, just the emotion you feel being there. It's such a wonderfully feeling album – I love FEELING music.
I'll probably think of more albums later, but at the moment, these are the three that I am feeling right now.
Published December 16, 2010 By Andrew
Categorized as Blog, Culture
Fin de Siecle Vienna
Is Delicious about to be shut down?


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ActivismMaharashtraMumbai
College Students in Mumbai Have Banded Together to Make Sure the City Votes in the Upcoming Election!
By Aishhwariya Subramanian
About 50 students from six colleges in Mumbai are ensuring everyone goes out and votes on February 21st at the BMC elections.
A group of dedicated students in Mumbai are doing everything they can to make sure the city shows up in impressive numbers to vote in the upcoming Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC) elections. The students from various colleges banded together to kick-start an aggressive digital campaign to get their word out: in order to have a voice in the democracy, one simply has to vote.
And all they are asking for is fifteen minutes of your time.
This group of 40-50 students are all first-time voters themselves from six colleges across the city – Jaihind, Swami Vivekanand College, Mithibai College, KC and Government Law College. But it wasn't something they planned meticulously.
They grouped together loosely to harness the power of social media to reach out to as many people as possible.
Image source: Facebook
"As youngsters, we are all extremely active on social media. So thought it would be great if we could combine all that we know about reaching out to people digitally and create a campaign around it," says Krisha Shah, a student from Jaihind college and one of the organisers.
And thus the Vote for Mumbai Facebook page was created.
Krisha is quick to point out that this campaign is something that is not connected with their college curriculum but rather something these students decided to take up once as part of their own civic duty. With help from an alumnus of Jaihind College, this team has learnt to put together a comprehensive and aggressive digital strategy that includes publishing multiple videos, photo posts, and more.
You may also like: Responsible Citizens: Transgenders Register to Vote as 'Third Gender' in Upcoming WB Elections
As first-time voters, the team wants to reach out to others just like themselves but really, this is about reaching everyone, according to Krisha. Since a lot of these students have also interned with media companies during their semester break, they are also using that knowledge to put it to good use.
"In 2012, there was only 45% voter turnout at the BMC elections. Those numbers are abysmal. At that time, we were too young to vote. But now we are eligible and we should," she notes.
Of course, it's not just online reach that the group plans to do. It is also looking at mobilising people on-ground through direct engagement. "We will be going to colleges and malls and handing out flyers to people there and just talking to them. If you want to affect change, you have to be part of it. And the youth should an integral say in how the society is governed," she adds.
You may also like: In Kerala, a Young Bride Went to Cast Her Vote – Just Two Hours Before Her Wedding!
The campaign will be bookended by February 21, when the BMC elections will be held. The process of engaging with people about the importance of voting has also been an eye-opening experience for Krisha and her friends.
Some dates are important even though we don't know themहमें दुनियाभर की तारिखें याद हैं, पर जो दिन हमारे प्रिय मुम्बई के लिए सबसे ज़्यादा ज़रूरी है, शायद हम उसे भूल गए हैं – http://bit.ly/VFM-17 #VoteforMumbai
Posted by Vote For Mumbai on Thursday, February 2, 2017
"I saw the amount of the money that BMC gets every year and so much of it gets wasted. That was something I hadn't expected. I think people need to wake up in this country. We are the ones who are going to have to make a difference. There are polling wards everywhere. It really just takes fifteen minutes of one's time. Just go and vote."
And make that difference.
Contact Vote for Mumbai here
Like this story? Or have something to share? Write to us: contact@thebetterindia.com, or connect with us on Facebook and Twitter.


1.	What exactly is OEI?
2.	What types of products does OEI market to its customers?
3.	What services does OEI offer to its customers?
4.	Can I obtain product literature from OEI?
5.	Where can I get pricing?
6.	What are standard lead-times for products purchased by OEI state customers?
7.	Who do I contact if I have technical furniture questions?
8.	How do I begin the design process for my upcoming furniture project?
9.	What kind of engineering support can OEI provide?
10.	What does OEI offer in the way of spaceplanning help?
11.	What can the Spaceplanning software do for our industry program?
1. What exactly is OEI?
OEI's background and history go back to that of Krueger International of which OEI is a division. OEI is an acronym for Original Equipment Industries.
Krueger International has been a major manufacturer and supplier of contract, institutional and educational furniture since 1941. The financial stability allows our customers to have proven products produced cost effectively. The company is an employee owned corporation consisting of over 3,000 customer-focused employees.
The OEI division of Krueger International has over 26 years of experience in the Correctional Industries marketplace, including over 20 years in the panel systems furniture, component manufacturing, spaceplanning and installation with UNICOR - Federal Prison Industries. OEI also works currently with state Correctional Industry programs in forty-five states, two jails and Canada.
The OEI Division was formed specifically with Correctional Industries in mind. OEI is dedicated to Correctional Industries. The OEI Division is comprised of 90% technical staff that specializes in product and program development, customer service, spaceplanning, installation, engineering, design and quality control.
2. What types of products does OEI market to its customers?
OEI markets several lines of systems and modular furniture to the Correctional Industries programs throughout the country. In addition to open and closed office systems, OEI offers its customers a full array of filing, storage, tables and seating solutions. Consult your local Correctional Industries program to discover the lines of furniture available to you.
3. What services does OEI offer to its customers?
OEI offers a nationwide spaceplanning staff that specializes in the design of systems and office furniture. OEI is also comprised of a nationwide installation network that fulfills the needs of many of our Correctional Industries customers. Additionally, OEI offers its customers services such as project management and freight and logistics management.
4. Can I obtain product literature from OEI?
Yes you can. However, OEI urges you to first check with your supplier's salesperson or web site to determine if the literature resources can be obtained elsewhere. For UNICOR customers, virtually all price lists and literature can be found at the following link: http://www.unicor.gov/customer/pubs.htm. State Industry customers should consult their local points of contact or State Industries web site for additional information. If the literature resource you are looking for is not within this list, please feel free to reach us with any further requests you might have by linking on the Contact Us section of www.oei-inc.com.
5. Where can I get pricing?
There are several resources for you to obtain pricing. Please check our customer's web sites and literature initially. If you cannot find the information you are looking for, go to Contact Us and fill out the required fields and an OEI representative will contact you.
6. What are standard lead-times for products purchased by OEI State customers?
OEI's standard lead time to correctional industries is 3 weeks on standard products. Lead times to end users will vary by state based on individual manufacturing requirements, so we suggest that you contact your manufacturing representative for information on end user lead times.
7. Who do I contact if I have technical furniture questions?
Go to the Contact Us link of www.oei-inc.com to ask a specific furniture related question.
8. How do I begin the design process for my upcoming furniture project?
Go to the Contact Us link of www.oei-inc.com, click on your state and contact your relevant Point of Contact.
9. What kind of engineering support can OEI provide?
The OEI engineering staff specializes in inmate training in your facility on all product lines. Complete tooling packages for KD programs, drawings of all tooling if you want to make your own, project books with flow charts, assembly instructions, parts diagrams, training for your staff on the proper procedures for installing the furniture at the final site, step by step photos and literature are all services OEI engineering can provide. In addition, refresher training if needed for staff and inmates, KD programs customized to your manufacturing capabilities and skills, technical help with any questions your customers ask you or even technical presentation assistance for those hard to please customers is also available.
10. What does OEI offer in the way of spaceplanning help?
OEI can contract to do all your spaceplanning for you or, if you prefer, we can train your sales staff, factory staff, and inmates to spaceplan using our Spaceplanning software.
11. What can the Spaceplanning software do for our industry program?
Our Spaceplanning software allows anyone with AutoCAD training and a general knowledge of the Systems furniture offering to spaceplan projects of any size. The software program will produce Bills of Materials for your customer with end user pricing included. In addition, the program will produce factory-ordering lists that make it easy to order the exact parts you need for each project. Click here to request your copy of our spaceplanning software.


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Chiropractic Program CE Credits
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Fred Barge, DC, PhC, (Hon) FICA, FPAC, SCS
Fred Barge graduated from Palmer School of Chiropractic in 1954 (at the height of chiropractic's second generation). His influence as a chiropractor, teacher, and philosopher is difficult to express. His many books are available through his family's website: www.TorStore.com
The Tor Store includes some real gems like The Chiropractor (1913) & one of my personal faviorites, a recording of B.J. Palmer's lecture: Giant vs. Pygmy (one of my favorites!!)
Fred Barge, DC, PhC
Articles by Dr. Fred Barge
IS THERE A TRUE CHIROPRACTIC PHILOSOPHY? YES, AND THERE ARE NO ALTERNATIVES
Fredrick H. C. Barge, D.C., Ph.C. (Hon) FICA, FPAC, SCS
President Barge Chiropractic Clinic, S C.
President International Chiropractors Association
This paper states that the "true chiropractic philosophy" was created by the founder, Dr. D.D. Palmer and that the basic premise of chiropractic and its major tenets are clearly defined in the founders early writings. Herein one sees the unique and singular health care philosophy that distinguishes chiropractic from aIlopathic medicine. This non-therapeutical approach to disease stands out succinctly as antithetical to the medical paradigm. Citing authors such as Drs. D.D. Palmer, B.J. Palmer and R.C. Schafer, the non-therapeutic and non-medical concepts of chiropractic's unique paradigm are explained. Differing concepts of diagnosis are addressed in the light of each profession's responsibility to their own form of health care. Regardless of the fact that some students of D.D. Palmer practiced the established medical therapeutic model and simply added the "adjustment" to their many "treatments"; and regardless of the fact that these Doctors created schools that still exist today teaching therapeutics along with the chiropractic adjustment, there is only one true chiropractic philosophy. This philosophy was irrefutably established by the founder in his school and his writings. The chiropractic approach in health care is foreign to medical concepts and cannot exist comfortably within the frame work of the medical paradigm. Chiropractic is non-therapeutical. This is the one clear distinction between chiropractic, allopathic and osteopathic medicine. The continued existence of chiropractic as a separate, distinct, non-duplicating alternative to medical care, depends upon the profession's ability to sustain and ameliorate its unique non-therapeutic principles and philosophy.
The History of That Which Is Truly Chiropractic Philosophy
THE HISTORY OF chiropractic reveals a persistent dichotomy that must be initially addressed before the history of what is truly chiropractic philosophy can be discussed. Early chiropractic writings clearly reveal that which was truly new and unique chiropractically was laid down by the founder of chiropractic, D.D. Palmer, and his son, B.J.
They and they alone brought forth something singularly new upon the health-care scene at the turn of the century. From his accomplishment of the first chiropractic adjustment in 1895 to the subsequent publishing of his 1910 text, D.D. Palmer originated a philosophy of chiropractic that rapidly evolved into a distinctly non-thera-peutic healing art, i.e., chiropractic es-not treat disease.
In this same period of time, the eclectic branch of chiropractic, which began with the graduates of D.D. Palmer going forth and starting other schools, also gained momentum. Generally speaking, they held forth an eclectic form of practice wherein the spinal adjustment became a form of therapy.lt was taught along with numerous other therapeutic procedures popular in that time. This type of practice was termed "mixed practice" in those days, and the practitioners who elected to use multiple therapies were dubbed "mixers."
It is totally understandable that practitioners of other healing arts, as many of D.D. Palmer's first students were, would not simply drop all the methods they had employed and practice only the art of spinal adjustment. They had been trained in the treatment of disease, and they simply included the adjustment as a manipulatory procedure in their armamentarium of disease treatment modalities. They followed in the medical model of the healers of their times who employed the "outside in" disease treatment concept that had persisted for centuries before them.
One such practitioner, Dr. Solon Langworthy, founded the American School of Chiropractic and Nature Cure in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, in 1903. He included traction and other therapeutic methods in the teaching of what he viewed chiropractic to be. For a brief period of time, Langworthy's influence was quite pervasive, but after 1910 he was virtually unheard of. He could be considered, however, to be the founder of "mixed practice."
At first, the distinction between those who practiced "mixed' therapeutics and those who followed the Palmer chiropractic philosophy was not very clear. Most chiropractors focused strongly upon the spinal adjustment, and early state laws confined chiropractic to this realm of care. The public soon became aware that chiropractors adjusted the vertebrae of the spine for spinal misalignments, called subluxations. But, as time went on, the influence of those who practiced mixed practice obfuscated the identity of chiropractic until, increasingly today, public confusion exists as to what chiropractic practice really is.
Presently our colleges are very close to being evenly split on the teaching of each form of practice. Approximately 50 percent teach a subluxation-based, non-therapeutic, "Palmer" chiropractic practice and philosophy. The other 50 percent follow an allopathic model, teaching an eclectic regimen of disease treatment therapeutics. They include "spinal manipulative therapy" as one of the modalities they use, along with numerous other disease treatments legally allowed by the various state laws. Such a stance decrees that chiropractic is that which state laws allow it to be. To this, Dr. Donald Kern, the immediate past president of Palmer College of Chiropractic, said, "Chiropractic is, regardless of what 50 state laws say it is!" And I heartily agree. Certainly chiropractic is not an eclectic hodgepodge of therapeutic disease treatment modalities.
The study of the Palmers' writings has been an ongoing interest in my life ever since my father read to me as a boy from D.D.'s 1910 text, The Chiropractor's Adjuster. It is apparent, from this book and in writings prior to 1910, that D.D. Palmer's chiropractic philosophy evolved quite rapidly in the less than two decades he lived after founding the chiropractic profession (1905-1913).
D.D.'s last book, The Chiropractor, in 1914, was a collection of his essays published posthumously. I do not place much credence in the contents of this text, as he may never have published it in the form that we find it today. Writing is rewriting, and D.D. Palmer did not approve the final draft.
Having explained the difference between the two forms of practice within chiropractic, I will focus on what is truly the philosophy of chiropractic by looking at writings from D.D. Palmer, his son B.J., the early authors of the Palmer School of Chiropractic's "Green Books," through the "Thots" of Drs. Galen Price, Marshall Himes, E.L. (Bud) Crowder, Virgil Strang, Sid E. Williams and others.
D.D. Palmer's Evolution of "Thot"
Prior to the first chiropractic adjustment, D.D. Palmer practiced a metaphysically based form of healing, and he referred to himself as a magnetic healer. Magnetic healers were quite prevalent at the tum of the century; essentially, they believed they could project their life force into a patient and heal them.
However, D.D. had a unique approach; he was "specific." He would locate the area of problem in the patient's body and with his hands project the healing force specifically into that area. He claimed he could cool the inflammatory process that caused disease. Thus, we can see that this singular "specific" approach began before the adjustment of Harvey Lillard and carried on into the lexicon of chiropractic.
D.D. wrote: "Is the science of chiropractic specific? If it is not specific, it is not a science."(l)
But the adjustment of Lillard brought with it a new concept in D.D.'s thinking. Something was out of place in Lillard's anatomy. Something was out of place in the "human machine." D.D. found the problem and righted what was wrong, and the man's hearing was restored.
In his graphic account of the event, D.D. wrote: "Harvey Lillard, a janitor in the Ryan Block, where I had my office, had been so deaf for 17 years that he could not hear the racket of a wagon on the street or the ticking of a watch. I made inquiry as to the cause of his deafness and was informed that when he was exerting himself in a cramped, stooped position, he felt something give way in his back and immediately became deaf. An examination showed a vertebra racked from its normal position. I reasoned that if that vertebra was replaced, the man's hearing should be restored. With this object in view, a half-hour's talk persuaded Mr. Lillard to allow me to replace it. I racked it into position by using the spinous process as a lever and soon the man could hear as before. "(2)
The adjustment led D.D. Palmer to briefly abandon his metaphysical roots, and his "man the machine" era came into being. In his newspaper format periodical, The Chiropractic, published in 1899, he stated: "When all parts of the human machine are made to work without friction and all obstructions are removed, then nature will bring strength and health.
"The cause of disease is a mechanical obstruction to natural functions. The human mechanic can remove and adjust that cause by his knowledge of anatomy and a highly cultured sense of touch."
D.D., in the same issue of The Chiropractic, also spoke of chiropractic's preventive qualities: "Life may be prolonged and misery prevented by getting the human machine fixed whenever any injury is done, and not wait for the injury to produce inflammation and a fevered condition… .Instead of waiting as the medics do for symptoms to develop, the magnetic manipulator or chiropractic will put the wrong to right, and the symptoms will not develop, for the cause is removed. An ounce of prevention is, in this case, worth much more than a pound of cure. Dr. Palmer discovers the cause of disease as readily before the disease is developed as after and as readily relieves it."
But by 1903, D.D. already had abandoned the word treatment, which he used frequently in his "man the machine" era. Manipulation was replaced by adjustment, and chiropractic care was fast becoming completely non-therapeutic. Even before the first Palmer book was published in 1906, his metaphysical concepts of Universal Intelligence, Innate and Life Force found themselves at the root base of his chiropractic philosophy.
The transition into the metaphysical, vitalistic "life force" principles saw him abandon early "man the machine" concepts, so much so that in his 1910 tome he continually berated that which he had at first proclaimed:
"A human body is not a mill or machine. Health or disease are not manufactured products, they are conditions. "(3)
Thus, we can see that D.D. Palmer had only a brief period of time wherein the mechanistic approach dominated, and even then, vitalism was apparent throughout his teachings. But the "man the machine" era had its purpose. It had brought forth a reason for people being sick. It was a problem on the inside, not the outside. With this concept, so foreign at the tum of the century, he brought forth chiropractic's nontherapeutic stance. He united the concepts of life force with a physical presence that denied this force its expression — the vertebral subluxation. What exhilaration he must have felt to finally explain to himself that which he always sought!
In his 1910 text, he wrote: "One question was always uppermost in my mind in my search for the cause of disease. I desired to know why one person was ailing and his associate, eating at the same table, working in the same shop, at the same bench, was not. Why? What difference was there in the two persons that cause one to have pneumonia, catarrh, typhoid or rheumatism, while his partner similarly situated, escaped? Why? This question had worried people for thousands for centuries and was answered in September 1895."(4)
With the discovery of the subluxation, he had found the answer. This was the discovery that was truly chiropractic. It was not another therapy for disease treatment, but the location and adjustic correction of the cause of malfunction and its resultant dis-ease — the vertebral subluxation.
In The Lerner Papers, Cyrus Lerner, a New York lawyer for the Foundation for Health Research in 1950, wrote: "When Old Dad Chlro wrote that he was not the first person to adjust subluxated vertebrae, he merely meant that others in the past had worked on the vertebrae, but not for the same purpose as he was doing, and certainly not to show that the subluxated joints of the spinal column revealed a hidden ailment or disease at a point distant from the place of subluxation. No one in the past had ever made this statement. Old Dad Chiro's discovery was probably as full of meaning as the discovery of the pulse."
To those who follow in the chiropractic concepts of the Palmers, it certainly had as much "meaning" as the discovery of the pulse. The "adjustment" of the subluxation was truly somethlng new, as we must remember that during D.D.'s era there were many manipulators who aimed to right what was wrong but not specifically. A.T Still founded osteopathy 21 years before D.D. adjusted Lillard, and manipulation was commonly practiced by 1895.
In The Chiropractic, in 1899, Dr. J.C. Bouman describes the difference between osteopathic treatment and chiropractic care: ·"About 2 p.m., the doctor began giving treatments. His waiting room was filled with patients enough to keep ten osteopaths busy all day. He had no helpers, but used three treating rooms. In one and a half hours, he had treated all of them and had some time to spare to entertain me and others."
The osteopaths, with their full body manipulatory procedures, usually had one or two helpers to aid in the long lever manipulatory approaches they used. The manipulations were lengthy and, I imagine, exhausting to the manipulators and the manipulated alike. But this did not apply to the adjustments of D.D. Palmer. He was specific. He firmly stated that he did not manipulate and repeated it often in his 1910 text: "Chiropractors do not manipulate; they do not use the process of manipulation; they adjust."(5)
D.D. had an objective in mind: to correct a subluxation that interfered with the transmission of mental impulses from brain cell to tissue cell. Once released, health would be the result. He not only answered his own question of the "why" of disease, he also stated: "What is life, disease, death and immortality? These questions have been propounded by the savants of all ages and have remained unanswered until the advent of chiropractic. This science and life are coexistent; it now answers the first three questions and in time will lift the veil which obstructs the view of the life beyond." ( 6)
So, you see, for himself and for chiropractic, he believed that he had unlocked the secret of life, heal! . death and disease, and he hoped we would "lift the veil" to what lies beyond.
D.D. Palmer's short life, as the "magnetic healer," the "magnetic manipulator" and the first chiropractor, saw him bring forth the rudimentary base for something revolutionary upon the healthcare scene, and he named it chiropractic! He had united the life force and the physical, and he corrected any interference between the two with the adjustment of the vertebral subluxation. Through chiropractic philosophy, he explained how this life force restored health, life and well-being. The subluxation interfered not only with health but with Universal Intelligence's expression in man through man's Innate Intelligence. Thus, the concepts of body, mind and spirit were brought into chiropractic philosophy.
Chiropractors did not treat disease; rather, they removed the obstruction to healing, allowing the body's spirit, the Innate Intelligence, to provide the treatment. This was the new philosophical concept, the non-therapeutic stance.
Having studied the practices of the mixing faction of the profession thoroughly, D.D. said: "Advocates of other methods are just as much in earnest and equally as anxious that I should use their favorite mode of treatment. I have looked the chiropractic adjustment rooms over and cannot find room for any other method; nothing more is needed. Any remedy would be badly in the way, stumbling blocks to our students' advancement. No, thank you, I do not mix, I give chiropractic straight. If it were mixed with all the methods offered, it would soon lose its identity."(7)
D.D. Palmer was very clear in what he had brought forth, and it was not disease treatment therapeutics.
In the words of a Palmer graduate and the founder of Life College, Dr. Sid E. Williams: "We as a profession have been authorized to function upon the basis of our chiropractic approach to health and sickness. Our legislative niche has been delegated to us not as a replacement for, or a variety of, medicine, but rather as a practice based on a new thought, a new law, and a new method, in the care and management of human ills."
To that, B.J. Palmer would say, "Enuf sed."
B.J. Palmer: The Developer
After D.D. Palmer was jailed for practicing medicine without a license, he served part of his sentence, paid his fine and left Davenport, Iowa. However, he had provided for his son B.J. the concrete foundation of chiropractic, and B.J. Palmer built upon it very well indeed. He ameliorated the spinal adjustment concepts of his father and developed the full philosophical concepts of Universal, Innate and Educated Intelligence. He created the "Above Down, Inside Out" philosophy, the "God in Man" principle, and the "Big Idea" of chiropractic.
He stated: "The master maker of the human body did not create you and then run off and leave you masterless. He stayed on the job as Innate, as the Fellow Within, as nerve transmission controlling every function of life, as Spirit from Above-Down, Inside-Out, expressing, creating, exploring, directing you in every field and phase of experience so that your home is truly the world and the world is your home."
B.J. Palmer entered the chiropractic scene with all of the vigor only youth can muster. Saddled with a debt-ridden institution, the Palmer School of Chiropractic, he stood alone at the helm of the fledgling profession, and he was responsible for both the growth and prosperity of the school and chiropractic.
After losing his right to practice in Iowa, D.D. had left and endeavored vainly to start schools of chiropractic elsewhere. Perhaps his rage was mainly due to jealousy toward his son, rather than for stealing chiropractic as he claimed. D.D.'s vitriolic attacks against B.J. are certainly evident in his 1910 text, but then, too, he raged against numerous chiropractors. D.D. named his text The Chiropractor's Adjuster because he meant to give "an adjustment" to all chiropractors who did not follow his dictates.
B.J. Palmer, however, gave complete credit to his father in all his writings. In my opinion, the profession owes its gratitude to B.J. for ensuring its survival as a separate, distinct healing art. It was B.J. who fought the early battles to put the profession on track and defended its right to be licensed as a separate, distinct healing art.
He developed and defined the principles of the chiropractic triune, Universal, Innate and Educated Intelligence, capitalizing the terms to indicate the higher order of their existence. They were, to him, the "God in Man" principle.
He stated: "INNATE is God in human beings. INNATE is good in human beings. INNATE cannot be cheated, violated or tricked. INNATE is always waiting, ready to communicate with you, and when INNATE is in contact, you are in tune with the Infinite."
He realized that this principle would not be well accepted and he stated: "The world is indoctrinated in medicine. People are conceived and born in a medicine cabinet. They grow up in a drugstore. Their priests and their tin gods are the AMA. They have been brainwashed, hypnotized, mesmerized and drugged to believe their life-force comes from Outside-In. Chiropractic must unbrainwash the public and demonstrate that health comes from Inside-Out. But first we must unbrainwash the chiropractor, too many of whom have themselves not caught the idea that the vertebral adjustment releases Innate, works in harmony with Innate, and becomes a partner with Innate in effecting the cure."
So, he went forth to teach, as a professor, a lecturer and through his efforts in radio, he taught the principles of chiropractic throughout the world. He brought forth, sanctioned and endorsed the book, written by R.W. Stephenson, which laid down chiropractic's major premise and meaning of life:
– "Universal Intelligence is in all matter and continually gives to it all its properties and actions, thus maintaining it in existence."
– "The expression of intelligence through matter is the chiropractic meaning of life."
He promulgated the definition of subluxation, which still stands as accurate and acceptable today:
"Subluxation– the condition of a vertebra which has lost its proper juxtaposition with the one above, the one below, or both, to an extent less than a luxation, which impinges nerves and interferes with the transmission of mental impulses."
B.J. developed the Meric System, advanced the concepts of nerve tracing, and developed instrumentation, X-ray and spinographic procedures to the nth degree during his times. He brought forth the concepts of upper cervical specific chiropractic and created the B.J. Palmer Research Clinic, where outcome assessment was thoroughly documented for a myriad of diseases. He had two medical doctors on the staff whose job it was to provide the diagnosis of ills, monitor body function and document the progress, or lack of same, under chiropractic care. He operated the Clear View Sanitarium for chiropractic care of the mentally ill, and he developed rehabilitative procedures for the non-ambulatory patients in his research clinic.
As the son of a chiropractor (Dr. H.A. Barge, PSC Class of 1923), I attended Palmer College homecomings (Lyceums) as a lad. I was the ninth in my family to become a Palmer graduate, and when I was a student in 1951, B.J. Palmer became my teacher and my mentor.
Contemporary Philosophers
It was through his mentorship that the great philosophers of the 1920s, 1930s and 1940s came forth, notably Drs. Cleveland Sr., Thompson, Crowder, Parker, Stephenson, Firth, Gonstead, Price, Himes and Napolitano. Then, in the 1950s, Drs. Williams, Gold, Trout, Strang, Peet and Peet, Pierce, Stillwagon and many others. Most noted chiropractic philosophers today can trace their roots to B.J. Palmer and his college professors of the 1940s and 1950s.
In this light, one of the most prominent of today's chiropractors stands out. Taught and mentored by B.J. Palmer, Dr. Sid E. Williams is the leading contemporary proponent of B.J.'s "Above Down, Inside Out" Innate philosophy.
As the founder and president of Life College and its School of Chiropractic, the largest chiropractic institution in the world, Dr. Sid (as he is affectionately known) carries on the teachings of his mentor. Life College, located in Marietta, Ga., today has an enrollment of more than 3,000 chiropractic students and collectively more than 4,000 students on campus. The enrollment of more than 3,000 D.C. students in 1994 exceeds the high of B.J. Palmer's School of Chiropractic, which was 2,776 in 1921.
Dr. Sid graduated from the Palmer School of Chiropractic in 1956. In 1964, he and his wife, Dr. Nell, who graduated with him, began a chiropractic seminar called "Dynamic Essentials (D.E.)." Dr. Sid saw the need to perpetuate and renew the teaching of the principles, practice and philosophy of chiropractic. D.E. has been the motivational source that has brought many chiropractors into the full realization of Palmer chiropractic principles.
Through his mentorship, the next generation of chiropractic philosophers are springing forth. Graduating from the broad spectrum of chiropractic colleges, the names of those he has taught now grace the rolls of all state, national and college philosophy programs. So, through them, that which truly constitutes chiropractic philosophy will continue on.
Chiropractic's unique viewpoints on health care and disease prevention through the correction of vertebral subluxations, maintenance of normal spinal contours, restoration of neuromusculoskeletal and organic malfunction, and even advice on nutrition, exercise and healthy hygienic living, are well known today.
But above all, in the practice of what is truly chiropractic, is the detection, location, analysis, control, reduction and adjustic correction of vertebral subluxations. The science of chiropractic has gained credence with each passing decade until today, as it stands on the brink of the total acceptance of its new health-care paradigm, which recognizes that dis-ease begins first as bodily malfunction .
Malfunction then exhibits the symptoms, the physiological and pathological changes that we term disease.
Center stage, as the cause of malfunction in the human and animal body, is the vertebral subluxation complex and the concomitant neuroforaminal encroachment factors that interfere with the expression of the life force that provides the body with the necessary homeostatic equilibrium to ward off disease. This philosophy, with its vitalistic and metaphysical concepts of health, creates not only a healthy body through spinal adjustment but a healthy concept of living, which provides its bearer with a "life without fear."
Chiropractic philosophy holds forth a concept of cause. It espouses the concepts of cause and cure in the following manner: There is but one cause in disease, the body's inability to comprehend itself and/or its environment. There is but one cure in disease, the body's ability to heal itself. And there is only one thing any doctor can do for a patient, and that is to remove an obstruction to healing, thus facilitating it.
The concept of knowing the power that made the body can heal the body is a powerful source of succor in times of physiological stress. It eliminates the fear that destroys hope and thus it fosters recovery, knowing as we do that fear is the fuel that disease thrives upon.
Chiropractic science teaches us that only when bodily malfunction takes place will the body foster disease, and we have a way to improve malfunction through the adjustment of the cause, the vertebral subluxation. Chiropractic care energizes the Elan Vital, the healing powers of nature, the "God in man" concept, some say.
Today, verification of this sound, basic hypothesis is continually mounting. The correction of this interference restores "tone" to the human system, restores proper homeostatic equilibrium. In the words of Dr. Sid Williams, it provides "vivification" for the human body.
In conclusion, consider the following comments on chiropractic philosophy from Lip Without Fear. Joseph C. Keating, Jr., Ph.D., now with the Los Angeles College of Chiropractic, said: "The elder Palmer considered the innate healing force to be characteristic of all tissues of the body, and in this sense anticipated Cannon's notion of homeostasis …. Perhaps chiropractic physicians will begin to study the innate healing force in a systematic and experimental fashion so as to advance chiropractic science. In the absence of research, however, many chiropractic theories of Innate Intelligence will remain magical, pseudo-scientific forces which are released by spinal adjustment, and D.D. Palmer's brilliant insight will not receive the consideration it deserves."
Dr. Keating has issued us a substantive challenge– to study the "Innate healing force." The study of Innate should also encompass the entire chiropractic innate concept. As Ronald Danis stated, "D.D. Palmer seems to have meant far more (when referring to Innate) than homeostasis, and it could be wrong to limit the development of chiropractic philosophy to homeostatic systems."
Dr. Strang, president of Palmer College of Chiropractic, presents this thought on homeostasis: "We know that homeostasis involves negative feedback. We even know some of the mechanisms entailed. But this knowledge does not really touch the deeper mystery of how the body 'thinks' physiologically: Sensory information must be endlessly integrated and efferent activity determined. The stringing together of mechanisms cannot be expected to capture the overall reality of organic, dynamic activity. Classic mechanistic thinking is rooted in the notion that the parts explain the whole. This is true of mechanistic processes such as gearing or even electronic computing. But as Aristotle observed, nature is a world of purpose. In such a world, mechanisms are merely the instruments through which superimposing purposes work their wills.
"It is this marvelous, innate (inborn), purposeful nature which is the predominant, practical reality behind the mechanisms of homeostasis."
Above and beyond the subluxation in traditional and true chiropractic philosophy is Innate. Can we as a profession champion the teaching of these concepts?
As Fred Hart, founder of the National Health Federation, said: "Someone must teach new things, someone must take the abuse, someone must be ostracized, someone must be called a fraud and a quack. Then out of all of it comes the new truth to become a part of us… Thus we receive new facts to make up our proud possession of knowledge."
Today, we have the knowledge; the facts are on our side; and as B.J. said: "When facts are known, knowledge exists. When we possess knowledge, faiths and beliefs disappear, for one is skeletal frame for substance of other."
Belief once sustained us before the knowledge of our truths became apparent. If you glance at the shelves of any bookseller today, you will find a plethora of books espousing the concept of "The Healer Within,"– the "Above Down, Inside Out" true Palmer philosophy.
And how will our traditional foe, medicine, respond to this tidal wave of facts? Adapt? Bend? Perish? Will it develop a new "outside, in" treatment, such as tampering with genetics?
Time will tell, but in the words of Dr. Williams: "Medicine? Let them suffer the agonies of a failed premise."
And what about those within the chiropractic profession who practice the therapeutic approach to disease? B.J. was cognizant of our problem– our dichotomy, so to speak — and he said this: "Let us not limit these greater things to come. Let us have the distant vision of the eagle, heed our ways with forward outlook and perhaps let the uninformed majority fall by the wayside; but let us move forward and upward, unafraid; place our trust in the High Power above and beyond and within us, in our decisions in getting sick people well and staying well, chiropractically."
Need I say more than these words from the "Developer of Chiropractic"? I think not, and to this statement he would say, "Enuf sed."
(1.) Palmer, D.D., The Chiropractor's Adjuster, 1910, p. 784.
(2.) Palmer, D.D., The Chiropractor's Adjuster, 1910, p. 18.
(4.) Palmer, D.D., The Chiropractor's Adjuster, 1910, p. 18 .
*Republished by permission by Today's Chiropractic and the Barge Family.
**Original article appeared in Today's Chiropractic; 02/28/995; V. 24; N.1; p.74-75,77-78,80,122-126
Personal "Thots": Who Moves the Bowel?
In the final analysis, the nervous system is responsible for all of the movements in the human body. In more ways than one, it motivates all of those who animate this planet.
No drug can elicit a response in a dead body, and it is important for us to understand this fact.
A laxative does not move the bowels; the bowels move the laxative, because they want it out of the body. No amount of laxative forced into the gut of a cadaver will evacuate its bowels. Life force must apply its forces to initiate a response to any drug.
And, yet, there are those chiropractors who would want us to evacuate from our profession the life force concept, the Innate concept of chiropractic. They seek to give our profession a colonic irrigation, so to speak. They seek to purge from us the "God in Man Principle." They say it's a "culf' and "the cult must go."
To this, B.J. Palmer said, 'We don't regard it a disgrace to call chiropractic philosophy a 'cult.' On the reverse, to acknowledge the Innate within us, is an honorable acknowledgment."
I agree, B.J. To acknowledge the "life force" within is an "honorable acknowledgment."
It is hard for me to understand that, today, when a renaissance in thinking in respect to health and healing is taking place, there are still those amongst us so mechanistically inclined to think that our vitalistic and metaphysical concepts are a hindrance to chiropractic progress.
Just the opposite is true. These principles stand out clearly as the leading concepts in the avant-garde movement of the Westem World that is turning away from the therapeutic drug and surgery model of this century's medicine.
Countless medical authors and healers are espousing our philosophy today. Need I mention names such as Drs. Deepak Chopra, Dean Black, Andrew Weil, C. Nonnan Shealy, Bemie Siegel, Lasckow, Borsenko, Jaffe and more?
Come on, fellow chiropractors! It is time to call up our philosophical roots and allow them to bask in the warm rays of the new enlightenment found today.
As medical anthropologist Dr. R.A. Morinis has stated, we should: "Re-examine the place of philosophy in practice. "Chiropractic theory has become a secret doctrine. It is something leamed, respected, and revered, but little practiced. The social pressure from medicine has brought technique to the forefront, and philosophy has slipped back as a result. There are two main implications of the demise of chiropractic philosophy. The first is the disappearance of that which is distinctively chiropractic. Having already begun to lose the exclusive practice of spinal manipulation to allopaths and physiotherapists, only the chiropractic philosophy significantly distinguishes the chiropractic practitioner. And yet the philosophy is kept hidden away.
"In response to social threats to its existence, chiropractic has accepted the materialist world view of the allopaths. It has done so in fear of being labeled quacl<ery and this was undoubtedly a good strategy to follow at one time.
"The public knows next to nothing of chiropractic philosophy of healing and its mechanisms: If hospitals offer spinal manipulation, a chiropractor offers nothing else. This distortion of the chiropractic tradition can only be overcome by a re-evaluation of the place of theory in chlropractic … Dispossessed of its philosophy, chiropractic is dispossessed of its uniqueness, and perhaps its future."
I heartily agree with Morinis. It is time to call up our philosophical roots. No longer need we be ashamed of our advanced thinking. Why should we allow others, such as the aforementioned medical authors, to bring forth as new what is actually old to us?
Chiropractic's two distinct triunes are increasingly becoming conceptualized by the vast majority of the advanced people on this planet today. In the collective consciousness of the educated world, the great truths espoused in all of the world's major religions that speak of a supreme force in life are certainly acknowledged.
The Innate Healing Force
Our naming of this primordial source of all as "Universal Intelligence" transcends the barriers of religious prejudice. It speaks well to the depth of our understanding of life and explains that we revere that from which all life has sprung.
Our concept of Innate Is openly accepted by modem man, and for those among us who still can't grasp the concept, let them use the term nature instead, but Innate today is common in usage.
To emphasize what I mean, let me quote Dr. Andrew Weil, the well recognized contemporary medical author, who stated in his book Health and Healing, in a section titled "The Body Has Innate Healing Abilities:"
"Healing comes from inside, not outside. It is simply the body's natural attempt to restore equilibrium when equilibrium is lost. Healing cannot be prevented from occurring (though it can be obstructed in its expression), nor can it be obtained from anyone or anything external. You are bam with the power to heal because healing is an innate capacity of every person, as it is of every animal and plant, and I suspect, of every created thing. Listen to sick people and you will hear much talk of seeking cures, healers, and healing. Medicines and medicine men can sometimes catalyze a healing response or remove obstructions to it, but they never give you what you do not already have. The power to heal is your property and birthright, ready to go to work whenever changing conditions create a demand for it."
Have we, as chiropractors, ever said it better? Yes, the concepts of Innate Intelligence are well accepted today. What about #3 in the chiropractic triune of intelligences, "Educated Intelligence"? Would anybody deny this unique attribute of the mind, particularly its advanced development in us Homo Sapiens? No, "enuf" said on that subject.
Now, I have just spoken about the Chiropractic Triune- Universal, Innate, and Educated Intelligence- but what about our other triune, the "Triune of Life," as taught in Stephenson's 1927 Chiropractic Text Book, and later articulated in particularly fine form by Dr. Reginald Gold in Intelligence, Matter, Force?
Egads, my friends, consider the "Mind" (Intelligence), "Body" (Matter), and "Spirit" (Force). Must I elaborate any more? These concepts are headlined by the majority of leading contemporary authors on health today.
The Intelligence of the human body (Innate), motivates the body (matter), in all of its physiological functions through the "force" that flows through the nervous system (who would deny that today?).
The link between intelligence and matter is life force, the "elan vital," "GREAT SPIRIT." Call it what you like. It is there!
It is this force, Innate, that we chiropractors work with, as we release impediments to its expression caused by the neuroforaminal encroachment factors inherent in all vertebral subluxations.
Need I say more? 'Who moves the bowels?" Innate does!
Enuf said.
* Republished with permission from Today's Chiropractic Lifestyle
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HomeClocks To the Nth Dimension – Data Science Central
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To the Nth Dimension – Data Science Central
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There's a fair amount of overlaps between programmers and mathematicians. Both tend to be very logical thinkers. Both like manipulating abstract entities in their head, and are comfortable working with complex symbolic spaces. Moreover, mathematicians often tend to be good programmers and programmers often have a fairly strong mathematical background. However, the two camps do not necessarily see the world in quite the same ways, and programmers are quite capable of doing things that would make a mathematician grind their teeth in annoyance (and vice versa, admittedly).
Dimensions Are Simpler Than You Think
One such area of distinction has to do with the word dimension. To a programmer, a dimension is simply a slot in an array. For instance, if I write the following in Javascript:
const arr[3,4]
this means that I have a defined two-dimensional array with three rows and four columns. I could easily extend this notion to talk about an array such as arr[3,4,5], which is a three dimensional array with cells arranged in a rectangular prism, three items high by four items wide by five items deep, for 60 cells total. You could even go one step further and talk about a four dimensional array with cells arranged in a rectangular tessaract (arr[3,4,5,6]), consisting of six such previous arrays going off in yet another dimension, for a total of 360 cells in the hyperprism.
Mathematicians do this all the time, because it is easy enough to generalize the notion of an array into arbitrary many dimensions. Programmers, on the other hand, do not tend to do this quite so often, because while it is easy to generalize, it's surprisingly difficult to think of operations done in four dimensions because, we, three dimensional beings that we are, get hung up on breaking that fourth wall (or dimension).
It is at this point that mathematicians shrug their shoulders and say "dimensions, watcha gonna do?". This gets even more complex when a mathematic talks about something like arr[3.5, 2.32]. This makes no sense from the perspective of the programmer, since the arguments for creating a matrix are always in their world, integers. In other words, in the P (or programmer) world, an array refers to a discrete grid of values. In the M (or mathematician) world, an array is in fact simply a function f(x,y,z,…) where each of these variables are real numbers, or if they really wanted to do a mind-warp, complex numbers. That's right, mathematicians do consider expressions like:
arr[3+2i,7-6.23j]
to be perfectly legitimate.
Of course, at this point, the programmer throws up their hands and says, "but what does that mean!!??". Well, to understand this, it's worth understanding what a vector is, and why it's not just a pair of numbers. A vector, in the way that it is usually taught, is something that combines a value with a direction. The value part should be obvious (though it isn't as obvious as you might expect) but the direction part needs to be fleshed out.
There's a fundamental characteristic of the universe that we call a length. It is a measure that exists that indicates some metric (circular definition alert here, because a metric is a measure) for determining scale. In our particular universe, there are about ten of these lengths, of which three are familiar to us, what we call width, height and depth. What's of note here is that these three measures represent length in different directions, usually as represented by a right tetrahedron, where each length is the same and there exists one point from which only right angles emerge.
Cartesian Space and Minkowski Space
This view of the world has been around for a while, but it took a Spanish mathematician by the name of Rene Descartes to recognize that this created a coordinate system, known, ever since, as a Cartesian system. The right angles are important because it turns out that you can express any vector as the sum of three vectors at right angles where the components are added together with no overlap. Put that another way, you can say that a vector in three dimensions corresponds to the line between two opposing vertices of a rectangular prism where the starting vertex has value (0,0,0) and the ending vertex has value (width,height,depth), which are considered multiples of unit vectors. This doesn't mean that your coordinate system must have right angled unit vectors, only that you get the decomposition of width, height and depth when you do.
Note that all three of these vectors are lengths. This is usually about the moment that some wag says that time should also be considered a dimension, and time isn't a length. As it turns out, they're right – time isn't a length. These are two fundemantally different things. However, velocity is length divided by time, and the one thing that was known even by the eighteenth century was that the speed of light, while fast, was not infinitely fast. Scottish mathematician James Clerke Maxwell created a set of equations that described the relationships that existed between the electric and magentic fields (we'll come back to this term) and in the process created a close association between the speed of light (c), time (t) and the square root of -1 (also known as i , for imaginary number). Hermann Minkowski, Henri Poincare and Hendrik Lorentz each contributed significant work in expanding Maxwell's equations and teasing out the fact that you could in fact treat time as a length, specifically by the equation l = ict.
In day to day life, this dimension doesn't effect our perceptions much, primarily because human perception is good only down to about 1/30 of a second. In that time, light moves roughly 10,000 meters, or roughly halfway around the world. However, the TCUP camera, created at the Université du Québec in Canada, can take pictures at speeds of ten trillion frames per second. At that rate, light moves about 0.3 mm per frame, which can be interpreted as oscillations. A point on the surface of a spinning object is still spanning a distance, which is one of the interpretations of an imaginary number, according to Euler way back in the eighteenth century. Thus, we begin to get a physical definition of a dimension as a thing that has length in some orthogonal way. Relativistic mechanics, in which velocities get close to the speed of light, follow sets of transformations (the Lorentz equations) that are extensions of Euclidian affine transformations such as translations, rotations, skews and so forth, as was shown in the work of a certain German patent clerk named Albert Einstein, who was one of Minkowski's students.
The remaining six (or seven) dimensions that physicists talk about are similar in that they can be described as lengths, but the scale of these lengths is so small that they generally do not manifest until you get into very high energy physics (and are beyond the scope of this article). However, there are some key concepts that come out of physics (and mathematics) that are very useful to programmers.
Strawberry Field Forever
If you have a space defined by multiple dimensions, a mathematician may talk about a function that, for a given line, surface, or volume, maps each coordinate in that particular space to a given value. This mapping function is called a field and it is a very useful concept indeed. A field is not a dimension – it's a map. It says that for every point in the manifold (aka a line, surface, space, etc.) there is something associated with that point. Perhaps the most intuitive example of such a field is a heat map. Now note that temperature is not a dimension – it's actually a fundamental property in its own right indicating the amount of kinetic activity within a given manifold that's being converted into heat. A weather map that shows the temperatures at given places on the map (such as the cities around the Puget Sound) is a perfect example of such a heat map in two dimensions, showing the temperature of the air. This is called a scalar field, because the thing being measured has no associated length dimension.
On the other hand, you could get a measurement of the surface direction and windspeed of the air at various points on the map, creating a vector map in either two or three dimensions, depending upon whether you're measuring uplifts and downdrafts as well. While these vectors are dimensions, the resulting dimensions of the field are distinct from the dimensions of the manifold.
Other examples of scalar fields might include income level aggregates by postal code, consumption of alcohol by county, or the number of votes a given candidate received by legislative district. The same manifold thus may have many different associated fields, and the use of the manifold becomes a powerful way of attempting to find correlations between different fields. Put another way, a scalar field (or any field for that matter) can be thought of as a feature for machine learning, with feature sets being clusters of related features, typically tied into a given map.
Note here that while I'm using the term map in the mathematical sense, as the projection of a manifold to a corresponding field, maps in the geospatial sense are also maps in the mathematical sense. Indeed, most modern cartographic systems, while they still make use of a quasi-spherical latitude/longitude/altitude system (which is still three orthogonal lengths, btw), the typical approach is to represent a world as a tesselation, with each tile in that tesselation then acting as the domain for a map describing everything from altitude to heat maps to political results as the range. One advantage to such an approach is that it also turns a map into an array that can be processed very efficiently.
Phase Space Fandango
Why is this important to a programmer or data scientist? Beyond making it clear that there is a distinction between dimension and feature, the notion of fields can help simplify both organization of information and approaches to finding correlations. Most of data science is built around working with aggregates – this is what statistics is, when it comes right down to it. It is generally not possible to sample everyone or everything within a given cell of a map, so in most cases, you will be dealing with representative samples, which in turn can be thought of as a mean entity with a distribution cloud surrounding it to indicate how accurate the sample is against other members in the appropriate cell.
Correlations come from these samples, and allow you to work with phase spaces, in which two or more variables are compared with one another across a common "ground". Clustering is done by finding commonalities across different fields (though these are treated metaphorically as dimensions in the literature), and dimensional reduction comes down to eliminating those features that are common to all of the fields being produced (such as a position on a map or manifold).
Big math words aside, what this means is fairly simple. You can think of any kind of geospatial map as a the home of multiple fields, and you can use the association of that map as one important key to both discover how things evolve over time (as fields) and how they correlate with other property fields. This can be a critical part of any knowledge engineering process, and can cut down significantly on developing useful models.
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Nicki Minajlived up to the"Barbie"descriptor in her Instagram bio at theMTV Video MusicAwards in Los AngelesSunday night, in that she was dressed from hair to toes in pink and was covered in plastic.
The"No Flag"singer looked absolutely stunning, and perhaps like it took at least 30 minutes to get into her skintight, latex bubblegum look. She paired it with tons of bling and almost floor-lengthrose goldhair.
We have to praise Minaj for even getting out of the house and moving around so freely in this look. We just hope she doesn't have to use the bathroom at any point during the night.


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Surgical site infection after hip fracture surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published in the UK.
Masters J., Metcalfe D., Ha JS., Judge A., Costa ML.
Aims: This study explores the reported rate of surgical site infection (SSI) after hip fracture surgery in published studies concerning patients treated in the UK. Methods: Studies were included if they reported on SSI after any type of surgical treatment for hip fracture. Each study required a minimum of 30 days follow-up and 100 patients. Meta-analysis was undertaken using a random effects model. Heterogeneity was expressed using the I2 statistic. Risk of bias was assessed using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) system. Results: There were 20 studies reporting data from 88,615 patients. Most were retrospective cohort studies from single centres. The pooled incidence was 2.1% (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.54% to 2.62%) across 'all types' of hip fracture surgery. When analyzed by operation type, the SSI incidences were: hemiarthroplasty 2.87% (95% CI 1.99% to 3.75%) and sliding hip screw 1.35% (95% CI 0.78% to 1.93%). There was considerable variation in definition of infection used, as well as considerable risk of bias, particularly as few studies actively screened participants for SSI. Conclusion: Synthesis of published estimates of infection yield a rate higher than that seen in national surveillance procedures. Biases noted in all studies would trend towards an underestimate, largely due to inadequate follow-up.
10.1302/2046-3758.99.BJR-2020-0023.R1
Bone joint res
Epidemiology, Hip fracture, Surgical site infection


The parish comprises 3, 271 acres. Real property, £7, 266. Pop., 1, 488. Houses, 354. The property is much sub-divided. The manor belonged to Butley priory; and passed to the Framlinghams, the Gandys, the Pitts, the Bridges, and others. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of Norwich. Value, £210.* Patron, Lord Henniker. The church is early and later English. There are an Independent chapel, a free school, a mechanics' institute, a police station, and charities £150.
Debenham is now part of Mid Suffolk district. Click here for graphs and data of how Mid Suffolk has changed over two centuries. For statistics about Debenham itself, go to Units and Statistics.
GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth, History of Debenham in Mid Suffolk | Map and description, A Vision of Britain through Time.
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Refugees From Great Lakes Region Serving Jail Terms
PANAPress
DAR SE SALAAM, Tanzania (PANA) - Hundreds of refugees from the war-torn Great Lakes region are currently serving diverse jail terms in the western Tanzanian region of Kigoma for committing various criminal offences, including murder.
According to regional Commissioner Abubakar Mgumia, the convicts have over stretched prison facilities.
Up to 500 convicts are sharing cell facilities meant for 60 people, he said in a statement.
The Bangwe prison facility, whose maximum capacity is 64, is currently holding 490 inmates, the Kasulu prison, whose maximum capacity is 80, is hosting 204 inmates while the Kibondo prison's capacity of 204 inmates has double that number.
Mgumia said as many as 190 Burundian refugees, 150 Congolese and six Burundians were currently in jail. Since the beginning of the year, a total of 178 Burundians and 37 Congolese refugees have been convicted and jailed in the area.
Mgumia noted that refugees are responsible for a total of 465 criminal offences committed in the region between 1994 and December 1999. The offences include armed robbery, illegal possession of firearms and murder.
The Tanzanian authorities have maintained that the presence of the refugees has put a strain on the country's resources and poses a hazard to its social stability.
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