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Published by Credible Hulk on August 9, 2017
Although conceptually simple, the term "scientific consensus" is often misused and misunderstood. It can get confused with appeals to popular opinion or erroneously conflated with "consensus" in the colloquial sense of the word. These misunderstandings can lead to things like opinion polls, often predominated by unqualified individuals, being misconstrued as evidence that no scientific consensus exists on some topic for which it clearly does, or that it leans towards a different conclusion than it actually does. In some cases, the very concept itself invokes resentment or even retaliatory commentary from people whose views are threatened by its implications. The purpose of this article is to clarify the concept that the term scientific consensus is meant to refer to and address some of the arguments commonly leveled against it.
Defining Scientific Consensus
Just as the term "theory" has a different meaning in science than its colloquial usage, the term scientific consensus means something different than "consensus" in the usual colloquial sense. The latter typically refers to a popular opinion, and needn't necessarily be based on knowledge or evidence. On the other hand, a scientific consensus is, by definition, an evidence-based consensus. A convergence of the weight of existing evidence is a prerequisite which distinguishes a knowledge-based scientific consensus from mere agreement. This is critical, because the scientific enterprise is essentially a meritocracy. As a result, it doesn't matter if a few contrarians on the fringe disagree with the conclusions unless they can marshal up evidential justification of comparable weight or explain the existing data better. The weight of the evidence is paramount.
In a nutshell, a consensus in science refers to a convergence of many independent lines of high quality evidence all leading the majority of active scientists in a given field to arrive at the same conclusion and/or complimentary conclusions. It's not something any scientist necessarily sets out to become a part of as a goal, but is rather something they discover they're a member of because that's where their research results led them. The process by which scientific consensus emerges over time can be complicated and tends to vary from case to case, but it is likely to exist whenever scientific knowledge is this best explanation for a given consensus. Furthermore, scientific knowledge is the best explanation for a consensus when the following definitional criteria are satisfied:
Via Denial 101
Consilience of Evidence: The consensus should be based on varied lines of evidence which independently converge on the same conclusion or set of conclusions [1]. The scientists and their results needn't necessarily agree on every single minute detail, and the data convergence will typically fall within a set of error bars, but will point to the same general conclusion even if debates still exist on the minutia. This may involve contributions from multiple scientific sub-specialties, each providing different pieces comprising a broader understanding or set of conclusions.
For instance, the scientific consensus in climate science incorporates evidence and expert knowledge from meteorology, geology, geophysics, geochemistry, atmospheric physics, atmospheric chemistry, community and global ecology, astronomy, planetary science, and even stellar astrophysics. Scientists from different specialties study different aspects of the issue and arrive at results comprising a piece of a puzzle whose results are all consistent with the conclusion that the recent warming trend has been largely the result of human activities [38],[39],[40],[41],[42].
Similarly, the scientific consensus on the individual and social benefits of vaccination combines knowledge and evidence from fields such as microbiology, immunology, virology, epidemiology, systems biology, molecular biology, biochemistry and more. Knowledge comes together from these disparate disciplines to create vaccines that significantly reduce the likelihood of their recipients contracting the diseases against which they are designed to protect, whose risks are greater than the minuscule risks of adverse reactions to the vaccines [36],[37],[43].
Social Calibration: The experts involved are mutually committed to employing the same high standards of evidence and formalisms, and have good justifications for those standards [1]. Nobody disputes that carefully collected and reproducible evidence is key in science; the problem is that evidence doesn't talk. It has to be interpreted by human scientists. The Social Calibration criterion has to do with what the scientific community as a whole accepts as evidence, how they decide what is relevant and significant, and how individual scientists persuade their peers that they are correct.
One of the reasons that certain fringe disciplines are viewed as pseudosciences by mainstream scientists is because they operate under lower and/or inconsistent standards. For example, one of the most important methods of ascertaining the safety and efficacy of a given medical intervention in conventional science-based medicine is the performance of a large randomized double blinded placebo-controlled clinical trial [34]. In contrast, many so-called "alternative" modalities are satisfied to rely on a modality's ancientness (whether real or merely assumed), weak or non-replicable studies, and/or unverifiable personal testimonies that may or may not reflect how most patients would be affected [32],[33]. In some cases, alternative practitioners persist even after a substantial clinical evidence directly contradicts the premises underlying the modality, such as is the case with homeopathy [47]. That's not to say that there do not exist certain exceptions, but the overarching pattern is that the standards of evidence agreed upon by mainstream medical researchers is different than the standards deemed acceptable in alt med. The agreed upon standards of evidence in scientific medicine represents what is being referred to here as social calibration. A counter-example would be something like ghost hunting, whereby there do not exist any consistent standards insofar as what is supposed to qualify as evidence for a ghost [48].
Social Diversity: This criterion simply means that the evidence and analyses comprising the scientific consensus should come from varied sources by scientists of varied backgrounds and cultures in order to avoid any systematic bias in the scientific literature [1]. For example, one of the arguments against the international scientific consensus on genetically engineered food safety is based on the misconception that seed companies like Monsanto are the only ones doing the research, or that they dictate who does. That's not actually true, but if it were, then the evidence would be falling short on this criterion. Instead, the GE food consensus is supported by myriad studies by scientists from different ethnic, cultural and economic backgrounds with varied funding sources from all around the world, and by position statements from the most prestigious scientific organizations on the planet [27],[28],[29],[30]. The Social Diversity criterion ensures that a consensus is not a product of group think, politics, financial incentives, ideological motives, or shared cultural values.
Via John Garrett of Skeptical Science for Denial 101
Scientific Consensus =/= Unanimity
Notice that the aforementioned criteria defining scientific consensus does not preclude normative contestation or outlier viewpoints within the scientific community. That's actually quite normal and usually fairly benign. Total absolute 100% unanimity among experts is not a prerequisite to a consilience of evidence supporting a particular conclusion.
Not All Disagreements are of Equal Merit
However, there are cases in which that normative contestation and areas of scientific uncertainty becomes exaggerated by groups with ulterior (unscientific) motivations (either financial, political, or ideological) in order to argue against the reliability of extant scientific knowledge and/or to obfuscate public understanding of it. This phenomenon of special interest groups combating scientific conensus is well-documented on topics ranging from the risks of smoking tobacco, anthropogenic global warming, and the safety of GMO foods and conventional vaccine schedules [2],[3],[4],[5],[6],[7],[8],[9],[10],[11],[12],[13],[14],[15],[16],[17],[19].
With a few exceptions, however, the contrarians in these cases are attempting to shed doubt on the existence, strength, and/or legitimacy of the scientific consensus on a particular topic, and are not necessarily directly contesting the very concept of scientific consensus itself. Rather than claiming that there can be no such thing as scientific consensus, most of them instead argue that such a situation does not exist with respect to the particular topic on which they disagree, or that it may exist but is nevertheless simply unfounded. They insert false balance and exploit the normal everyday uncertainties and tentativeness inherent to all scientific knowledge and attempt to amplify them with respect to topics they wish to portray as more contentious than the evidence actually suggests. This is effective because acceptance that a scientific consensus exists has been shown to function as a "gateway belief" to accepting that a set of propositions is true, and manufacturing the appearance of continued legitimate scientific controversy can obscure public perception of its existence [20],[21].
However, there are some exceptions whereby contrarians attempt to undermine the very concept of scientific consensus itself (i.e. here). As you may have guessed, the claimants in such cases invariably misrepresent what scientific consensus actually is. They try to portray it as analogous to arriving at a conclusion by way of an opinion poll, which is an example of the fallacy of equivocation [18]. They will typically argue you that what matters is the scientific evidence, which, although true, ignores the fact that a concilience of evidence is already a non-negotiable prerequisite to scientific consensus [1]. It is therefore nonsensical to speak of evidence and scientific consensus as if the latter was not contingent upon the former, let alone to imply that they are mutually exclusive. Again, this is no more legitimate than arguing against scientific theories by equivocating to a colloquial definition of theory.
Based on the criteria described earlier (consilience of evidence, social calibration, and social diversity), it's easy to see how scientific consensus will unavoidably emerge on any question for which repeated applications of the scientific method by a diverse group of scientists result in a body of evidence whose results lean heavily towards certain conclusions and away from others. Although it is possible to quantitatively analyze the nodes and connections of various scientific citation networks and how they evolve over time with respect to a given topic, the specific pathway by which scientific consensus emerges tends to vary from case to case.
This paper entitled The Temporal Structure of Scientific Consensus Formation (by Shwed et al) explains some methods by which such scientific citation networks can be analyzed to ascertain degrees of scientific consensus and to partition nodes into salient sub-communities [2]. There are both pros and cons to this approach, but such efforts are designed to minimize dependence on the discretion of individual scientists in the detection of scientific consensus. When a new topic of study first arises, different scientists typically end up in different camps which approach key questions differently, explore different initial hunches, and form different citation networks as more and more studies are produced. As a scientific consensus begins to form, the lines of distinction between the various camps begin to dissolve, and members of each start to converge on certain areas of agreement.
Somewhat counter-intuitively, the authors also discovered that when scientific consensus is achieved, the aforementioned scientific citation networks tend to grow in size, as does the total rate of literature output on the topic. At least, that was the case in the instances they analyzed. The relevance of this observation is that any consensus arrived at on the basis of weak or faulty evidence will tend to quickly dissolve as interest in (and scrutiny towards) the topic increases, whereas conclusions based on stronger evidence will tend to open up follow-up questions whose study results are complimentary to them. This is another key to understanding why scientific consensus represents not the death of scientific inquiry, but rather a scaffolding on which subsequent scientific inquiry can build and grow. It simply represents what we've learned so far about some aspect of the universe. In this way, scientific consensus is not so much a final point of arrival but rather a launching point for further inquiry to add to and refine our current knowledge. The authors also identified three trajectories along which scientific consensus emerges, which they characterize as "flat, spiral, and cyclic," but I'll leave that for readers compelled to read the original paper [2].
If the scientific consensus is wrong on some topic, then the subsequent exploration of additional questions derived from it should reveal that. There's a reason why we refer to science as a self-correcting enterprise. It's not just a catch phrase. Efforts to better understand the universe must build upon existing knowledge. Scientific consensus helps shape the discussion and guide resource allocation with respect to tangential and/or follow-up questions within a particular sub-discipline. Without it, we would simply keep spinning our wheels by re-establishing the same conclusions over and over again without ever attempting to build on that foundation and generate new knowledge.
Why Scientific Consensus Matters
Although often colored by personal values, biases, competing motives, and desires, humans generally make decisions based on what they perceive to be true. This is true both on the individual and group levels. Not everyone can be an expert in a scientific discipline, and nobody can be an expert in all of them. Consequently, people routinely have to assess what is likely to be true in areas on which they are not experts, and make decisions based on it. Scientific Consensus represents the most reliably accurate knowledge available to human beings on a given topic at any given time. It's far from infallible, but then again, so is every other epistemological framework available to humans (albeit even more so). To reject it on the grounds that it is not infallible in favor of even less reliable approaches to knowledge would be an example of the Nirvana Fallacy [31]. The best available option, even if imperfect, is nevertheless still the best available option. Scientific consensus also serves as a launching point guiding further scientific study of related questions, and helps facilitate the generation and accumulation of new knowledge.
Detecting Scientific Consensus
I think it's a fairly safe assumption that analyzing scientific citation networks with sophisticated algorithms and statistical methods is not something that the average person is likely to do with respect to every scientific claim they stumble upon. It's not the be all end all anyway, because it only shows how sub-communities of scientists and their published work converges over time. It does nothing to adjudicate on the quality of individual studies within a citation network or the reliability of their conclusions. Nor does it distinguish between cases where a cited work's findings are being used as supporting evidence, versus cases where a cited work's conclusions are being challenged. It's useful, but it's not a replacement for actual human experts capable of summarizing the state of affairs in their fields of specialization. Ultimately, becoming an expert in a particular field would be the ideal way to equip oneself to competently assess the current state of the science within it, but that's not feasible for most people, and nobody is an expert on every topic.
Systematic Reviews as Proxies
Fortunately, however, there are other proxies one can look for to get a ballpark idea of the degree of scientific consensus (or lack thereof) on a particular topic. For example, on many thoroughly studied topics there exist systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses which examine many studies at a time in order to assess what is implied by the weight of the evidence. A systematic review seeks to answer a specific research question by summarizing all the available scientific literature fitting a pre-specified set of eligibility criteria; a meta-analysis seeks to use statistical methods to summarize and analyze the results of such studies. Systematic reviews can vary widely in quality just like other types of studies. You can get an idea of what a good systematic review should entail and how to read one here [22],[23],[35],[44],[45].
Position Statements as Proxies
Alternatively, many reputable scientific organizations will put together position statements on certain topics, which can be a useful proxy for ascertaining the degree of scientific consensus that exists for a given topic. If the majority of prestigious organizations have arrived at similar conclusions, then the chances are that there is a fairly strong scientific consensus on the subject. Obviously this is an imperfect proxy, because there are also front organizations which masquerade as objective scientific organizations, but which are really serving some other agenda, and because it doesn't provide a clear view of the evidence upon which their conclusions are based.
Other Proxies
It's advisable to avoid relying too heavily on petitions or surveys of scientists' opinions as a proxy for or against the existence of a scientific consensus, particularly on topics that tend to be controversial in public discourse. It's not that they can't ever be done in such a way that they could convey useful information, but rather that they're too easy to screw up, or to be manipulated into conveying misleading information. In fact, that's a common tactic used by people whose goal it is to obfuscate public understanding by disputing the existence of a scientific consensus on particular topics where it exists. They accomplish this by cobbling together signatures and/or statements from people whose views comport with theirs, but whose qualifications are often tangential to the topic under discussion, and/or whose opinions represent a tiny minority of researchers, and are not well-supported by the weight of the evidence in the peer-reviewed literature.
For example, the debunked Oregon Petition Project was an attempt to obscure the weight of the scientific consensus on human-caused climate change [24]. A document assembled by the Discovery Institute which boasted of 100+ scientists who reject the theory of evolution was humorously rebutted by the National Center for Science Education with Project Steve: a list comprised exclusively of scientists named Steve who accept evolution, which nevertheless dwarfed the Discovery Institute's list [25]. Similarly, anti-GMO campaigners have written things such as the I-SIS letter as an attempt to sew uncertainty and doubt on the mainstream scientific consensus position on the safety of Genetically Engineered food crops [26],[27]. HIV/AIDS denialists have also attempted similar tactics [46].
Via Steve Greenberg Art
One possible exception to this rule of thumb would be a survey which groups the participating scientists according to the degree to which their area of specialty pertains to the subject under discussion so that one can see whether the percentage of agreement increases the closer the areas of expertise get to the specific topic. Even then it would have to be based on a representative sample of each sub-category of scientists, and I wouldn't recommended relying on it as anything more than a complimentary proxy with which to cross-corroborate with other signs of an extant scientific consensus.
Above all, avoid relying on unsourced YouTube conspiracy videos, opinionated people with no relevant scientific education, blogs and other websites that make sensational claims for which they don't cite credible research, and fake experts whose claims are totally inconsistent with the peer-reviewed scientific literature.
Via Sheeple
It's perfectly fine to use a video medium to learn about science, but just understand that there is no vetting process whatsoever, so content creators can say whatever they want with impunity. University lectures are usually fine (and recommended), as are tutorials videos such as Khan Academy, and any videos which cite credible sources in their video description. This should go without saying, but I'm including it for the sake of completeness.
Scientific consensus is not a part of the scientific method so much as it is a consequence of it. It inevitably arises whenever a large body of scientific literature accumulates that points towards similar conclusions. Typically, people who argue otherwise are equivocating due to them either misunderstanding or deliberately misrepresenting the meaning of the term. Scientific consensus is characterized by the co-existence of a consilience of evidence, social calibration, and social diversity, and although not infallible, nevertheless represents the best knowledge currently available on a given scientific question at a given time. Furthermore, it is instrumental to the generation and accumulation of new knowledge in that it directs researchers toward complimentary follow-up questions whose exploration allows humankind to build upon previous knowledge.
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Via A Science Enthusiast
Categories:	Alternative MedicineClimate ScienceGenetic Engineering and Agricultural ScienceGMO Foods and BiotechnologyPhilosophy of ScienceScience was wrong beforeScientific Consensus
Tags: Climate ScienceGMOsPhilosophy of scienceScientific Consensus
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At 51 I can be considered too old to make a go of things, I don't think so, I have look all of my life for the one person to settle down with, and truth be told, I still haven't found him, or they haven't found me, which ever the case is, I am still looking.
I like maturity, but you don't need to be old for that, a lot of young people are very mature for their age. I like honesty, if you don't like what you see, tell me, then we don't need to waste each others time following false hope. I appreciate commitment, making a go of it, working things out together, not just walking away. Finally, don't let your age or mine be a barrier, If you feel we might have something, then lets give it go, better to have tried, than not even bother?


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Gentry distance to Fayetteville
How far is Gentry from Fayetteville?
Shortest distance between Gentry and Fayetteville is 23.1 miles (37.18 km).
Flight distance from Gentry, AR to Fayetteville, AR is 23.1 miles. Estimated flight time is 00 hours 03 minutes.
The driving distance from Gentry, Arkansas to Fayetteville, Arkansas is: 32.49 miles (52.29 km) by car.
Driving from Gentry to Fayetteville will take approximately 00 hours 46 minutes.
#1 Gentry
City in Arkansas, USA
36°16'3"N 94°29'5"W
#2 Fayetteville
County seat of Washington County, Arkansas, United States
36°3'45"N 94°9'27"W
Starting point in Gentry: East Main Street (-94.48466,36.267554)
Ending point in Fayetteville: County Avenue (-94.157184,36.062567)
Estimated Travel Time Between Gentry and Fayetteville
The distance between Gentry and Fayetteville is 52 km if you choose to drive by road. You can go 00 hours 34 minutes if you drive your car at an average speed of 90 kilometers / hour. For different choices, please review the avg. speed travel time table on the below.
There is no time difference between Gentry and Fayetteville. The current time is 16:20:04.
A car with a fuel efficiency of 8.3 l/100 km will need 4.34 liters (1.15 gallon) of gas to cover the route between Gentry and Fayetteville.
The estimated cost of gas to go from Gentry to Fayetteville is $3.78 (diesel $4.19).
The place names are translated into coordinates to approximate the distance between Gentry and Fayetteville (latitude and longitude). Cities, states, and countries each have their own regional center. The Haversine formula is used to measure the radius.
Driving distance from Benton, AR to Gentry 236.3 miles (380 km)
Driving distance from Bentonville, AR to Gentry 22.33 miles (36 km)
Driving distance from Conway, AR to Gentry 190.41 miles (306 km)
Driving distance from Fort Smith, AR to Gentry 87.89 miles (141 km)
Hot Springs, AR
Driving distance from Hot Springs, AR to Gentry 214.56 miles (345 km)
Driving distance from Jonesboro, AR to Gentry 318.64 miles (513 km)
Driving distance from Little Rock, AR to Gentry 220.63 miles (355 km)
New Caledonia, AR
Driving distance from New Caledonia, AR to Gentry 349.81 miles (563 km)
Driving distance from North Little Rock, AR to Gentry 216.17 miles (348 km)
Driving distance from Pine Bluff, AR to Gentry 261.13 miles (420 km)
Driving distance from Rogers, AR to Gentry 26.13 miles (42 km)
Driving distance from Springdale, AR to Gentry 28.63 miles (46 km)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


if you do not find a piece to your personal puzzle in Albany.
I obtained from the Town Clerk of Albany for years of interest to me.
If an event is not listed below, I don't have it.
specifying which year, and allowing a week for a reply.
All Hyde births in Albany from 1827 through 1852.
All Chafey births in Albany from 1834 through 1846.
Rogers, Scott, Skinner, Story, Vance, Walker, Wallace, Williams, Wilcox.
Miles, Page, Riley, Robbins, Sangrau, Spaulding, Tatro, Thurston.
Murphy, Robbins, Ryan, Sinon, Skinner, Stewart, Sweat.
Richardson, Ruin, Shute, Simino, Stone, Swette?, Tatro, Willis, Young.
Riley, Rogers, Rowell, Ryan, Tenney, Tinker, Wilcox, Williams, Wills.
Tenney, Towne, Wallace, Way, Wells, Wheeler, Willis, Young.
Rood, Rowell, Searls, Sinon, Stone.
Stafford, Thayer, Tuthill, Vance, Walker, Willis, Wills, Wright.
Johnson, Johnston, Miles, Morse, Norris, Robbins.
Spalding, Stratton, Sweat, Taylor, Vance, Woods.
Grant, Heath, McLellan, Moore, Potter, Rogers, Rowell, Shepard, Vance.
registers I obtained from the Town Clerk of Albany for years of interest to me.
If the event is not listed above, I don't have it.
that wills sometimes are mixed in with land records in some Vermont towns.
Town of Albany, P.O. Box 284, Albany VT 05820-0284.
and Wednesdays from 9 am to 7 pm (as of June 2000).
Orleans County, Vermont, and other parts of the world.
Site owned and maintained by Vicki E. Duckless Flanders.
Update July 2000; All rights reserved.


text:
Ministry structure
State Procurements
Procurement plans
Representative Centres of the DPR
Italy: Turin
Italy: Verona
About the DPR abroad
Minsk Process
Contact group
Humanitarian group
Economical group
Group on security issues
Press secretary about the Minsk process
Special Committee
Applications of Citizens
NATALIA MIKHAILOVA HELD CONSULTATION OF CITIZENS IN YASINOVATOYA
On August 20, in the town of Yasinovataya in the public reception of the Public Movement "Donetsk Republic", a personal consultation of citizens was held by the Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Donetsk People's Republic Natalia Mikhailova.
During the meeting, residents of Yasinovataya asked questions about the possibility of entering the territory of the Donetsk People's Republic from foreign states, obtaining identity documents issued by the authorities of the Republic, and other issues.
The DPR Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs, within the framework of her competence, consulted the meeting participants and gave clarifications on all issues of interest.
DPR MFA statement regarding the evacuation of foreign ships crews from Mariupol
Minister of Foreign Affairs Natalia Nikonorova gave an address to the people of Greece
Statement of the DPR Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the case of persecution of a journalist from Brazil by Ukrainian authorities
THE RESULTS OF THE GROUP ON POLITICAL ISSUES (february 9)
RESULTS OF THE CONTACT GROUP SITTING (February 9)
RESULTS OF THE CONTACT GROUP SITTING (26 January)
IN THE CONTACT GROUP WE SPEAK IN RUSSIAN, BUT FOR KIEV, THIS IS A DIFFERENT LANGUAGE - NATALIA NIKONOROVA
THE RESULTS OF THE GROUP ON SECURITY ISSUES (NOVEMBER 24)
Rules of entering the DPR for foreign citizens
Journalists Accreditation in the DPR
FOREIGN CITIZENS WILL BE ABLE TO ENTER THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION FROM THE TERRITORIES OF THE DPR, LPR, UKRAINE SIMPLY
Hotline phones
B. Khmelnitskogo Ave., 102, Donetsk, 283015
official website | © 2015-2020 Ministry of Foreign Affairs DPR


The MISTER ED show concept was derived from a series of short stories by children's author Walter R. Brooks, which began with The Talking Horse in the September 18, 1937, issue of Liberty magazine. Brooks is otherwise best known for the Freddy the Pig series of children's novels, which likewise featured talking animals that interact with humans. Sonia Chernus, secretary to director Arthur Lubin, introduced Lubin to the Brooks stories and is credited with developing the concept for television.
The theme song, titled "Mister Ed", was written by the songwriting team of Jay Livingston and Ray Evans and sung by Livingston himself. The melody is derived from that of a German Romantic-era song by Emile Waldteufel. The first seven episodes used only instrumental music to open the show; thereafter the version with lyrics was used. Livingston agreed to sing the song himself until a professional singer could be found; the producers liked the songwriter's vocals and kept them on the broadcast.


Wexford Skin Clinic | My Story! - Wexford Skin ClinicMy Story!
People often ask me where did I learn about the skin… usually I tell them from skin courses and in my training to be a Naturopath. Truth is, our skin is made up of millions of cells, just as our whole body is and I learned my biggest lessons the day my cells stopped working!
In 2011, I decided at the grand old age of 33, it was time to get fit. I'd always been quite conscious of my food choices as I had never had a strong digestive system. But exercise was most definitely not a passion of mine!
I started seeing a personal trainer and began strength training… I soon progressed to doing 3 one-to-one sessions a week and I loved it!
Unfortunately it didn't love me! After about 6 months I started to experience weakness in my arms… being typically full of "catholic-guilt", I stupidly pushed through it and did not listen to my body…..BIG MISTAKE.
Having been scanned and had my bloods tested numerous times to no avail, eventually I was diagnosed with Fibromyalgia by a Rheumatologist. Her advice was career change, medication and gentle exercise!
Having been diagnosed with irritable bowel in my teens, I knew that these diagnoses are just putting a name on something when they can't find anything wrong! I'm a big believer in, if I wasn't born with it, if I give my body the right tools, it can fix itself!
So for the last 7 years I have tried everything…. I've been to osteopaths, physios, acupuncturists, herbalists, reiki masters, nutrionists and lots lots more!
I've done enemas, colonic irrigation's, I.V. Vitamin infusions….had stool, saliva and urine tests….you name it I've done it!
In 2015 when I launched Wexford Skin Clinic, I only opened 4 days a week…the reason being was I needed 3 days to recover! Every Friday I would come home from work, put on my pyjamas and lie on the couch….there I remained until Tuesday morning! It sounds dramatic but to walk up the stairs was sometimes too much! At 37 it's very scary to feel this way and wonder if life will ever feel any better or is this just going to continue to get worse?
Last year I heard about Nadura Clinic and willing to try anything I rang and made an appointment to see Anita. She did an extremely thorough consultation and from there she recommended a food and supplement plan. Anita suspected that my methylation cycle was not functioning effectively… this means my body was struggling to perform basic functions such detoxification, energy production, managing inflammation etc.
She sent me to a Dublin clinic for blood tests (the secretary was telling me they were the only place in Europe that did these specific bloods, so basically it's not offered in our medical system) and voila, she was right!
I had a lady in the clinic this week who is a nurse and she has a chronic skin condition… when I explained to her about my fibromyalgia and how the only way to treat chronic skin conditions is the same as treating chronic health conditions, find the route cause, she stared at me in disbelief….. not because she thought I was off my rocker (lol , most people do!!) but because she couldn't believe I was managing to work, never mind manage my own business.
I know people that chose to go down the medication route when diagnosed, they have since had to give up work and can end up pretty much bed-bound for days/weeks at a time!
It has never made sense to me to put toxic pharmaceutical drugs into a body which is clearly struggling to function in the first place…it's no different with skin and we see a lot of clients coming through our door that have tried the steroid creams, anti-biotics, roaccutane etc and as The Verve said, The Drugs Don't Work….well not with chronic issues anyway!
Guess who's holding a clinic in Wexford Skin Clinic next week…Anita from Nadura!
Let them know about our upcoming clinic as there's very few spaces left!
Could this common fungus be causing your skin & health problems????


I am thinking of taking a holiday to Greece this summer with my wife, and we are starting to make preparations.
I guess I am wondering what a first timer to Greece may expect? I hear tons of great stories from Greece, but I want to get a little more in depth information.
What kind of dishes are really common and make for a nice meal there?
What might daily expenditures be if someone is reasonably frugal?
Greece is in the news a lot lately about rioting and protests and whatnot, but I also hear that it's quite safe to be out on the streets.
I am also curious whether or not the average Greek on the street is able to speak any English? I hear a lot of mixed things about this. I am currently learning the Greek alphabet to make getting around a bit easier, but I know that's not nearly enough to get by in talking to people.
I am planning to go to Athens for the bulk of my stay, but also plan to visit Crete to trace my family origins a little bit (since my grandfather immigrated to the U.S. from Crete about a century ago). I know that Crete has it's own regional dialect of Greek, but I was wondering if anyone of our great members from around the Mediterranean could provide a little bit of local knowledge about Crete.
I am doing a lot of reading on the subject, so don't think I'm just being lazy and don't want to find my own information, I just hope to get more in depth knowledge about Greece from some fellow CA members.
Now I am a Greek City Teenager, but seeing as nobody is posting here, I think I can qualify speaking about this.
First of all, If you still haven't decided, choose an Island as one of your destinations. Those have top notch hotels and tour guides for all of your needs. They speak english and they have knowledge of the whole place.
If you decide to stay in Athens there are a bunch of things you should know, based on my own expiriance ( I live in Thessaloniki but I have been to Athens ). I recomend asking younger people about the language. The average teen and youngster knows, at the very least, adequate English and are quite helpful, since they teach English at schools. Also, if you have any people that may be related to you or have ties with, personal or not, you should try contacting them. It doesn't go without saying that having a person that knows Greek and English will greatly help your search for your families ties. If you can learn it on your own, thats great, but Greek is one of the harder languages to learn.
On the subject of riots, I don't really have a lot to say. Yes, there are riots a lot lately ( my personal opinion is that Greece will collapse as a country since it has collapsed as a civilazation) but most of them happen at the Athens Parliament which is at the center of the city. Thats where the riots are center stage, from what I have seen.
Finally what to expect. Athens is...imagine it as a shittier version of a major industrial city. There are some places you should visit, like the Acropolis musuem (it closes at 8 by the way) and the Acropolis (Get a tour guide or go at early in the morning) and other locations reserved for the pretty tour guide pictures. Behind that, theres a lot of air pollution, seeing as this is a city that houses half of the country's population. There are also a lot of refugges and homeless people around street lights and corners. Generally very depressing stuff. Don't get cought up in any of the riots too. The cops aren't forgiving here, and if you the words "MAT" and "nearby" in the same sentence near a riot, get the hell out of there.
Crete on the other hand is like paradise compared to Athens. The Cretean Diet especcially is one of the highlights of the Greek and Mediterenean Cousine. Get a tour guide or something and drive around the island, you will love it. It isn't overcrowded but most people outside of the major Cretean Cities don't speak English. Have a tour guide or someone that can speak the language well on your stay, rent a Car and enjoy the place with your wife.
Beyond that I cannot help you. As I said, I live in Greece, which is in Northen Greece, so my knowledge doesn't spead that much. It it also my personal opinion that the country will collapse sooner or later, but don't let that fact get in the way. Enjoy what is left of the country and good luck.
PS on't buy food from the hotels. We have small stores called Kiosks (Περίπτερα) on pretty much every street that sell food and drinks at very low prices. If you want water or a drink, get it from there. Water's only like 0.50 Lepta from what I have seen. This goes for major tourist attractions too. Don't buy anything from there because generally they are overpriced and you can get them cheaply on those Kiosks I told you about. Free tip, ask for the price of water. If its higher then 0.50 Lepta to 0.70 Lepta its overpriced and so will be the rest of the stuff.
Thanks a lot for the advice and information, it was insightful and helps in deciding what I want to do.
Even if they don't speak English try to mime or even draw what you want - you can have a laugh with them. Always eat where the locals eat - the food will be cheaper and better. This isn't just for Greece, but pretty well anywhere. You should have seen my mother trying to buy a mincing machine in Yemen and knew she was being wound up in the nicest way or clothes pegs in Iran. Shop keepers like a challenge and appreciate a sense of humour.
visit the Acropolis, etc, but don't linger there.
meter. I don't wanna make you paranoid, just a bit of fair warning.
exist in this country. Crete is just a bit like that, if that made any sense.
beautiful they are there. Try to ask the locals where the good ones are.
I think that covers it. Have a great trip!
Thanks for the replies so far, a lot of good information.
Islands were definitely in the plan, especially Crete as I said, at the very least for finding out where my family is from.
I have to mull over all the stuff from Greg, very insightful.
I was incredibly lucky to get to go to Greece through my school in the eleventh grade. Being a school trip we were guided around the entire trip, so my advice won't be very helpful.
One thing I do want to recommend is that you make a trip out to Delphi. It was by far my favorite part of the trip. The mountain scenery was spectacular (this coming from someone who grew up in Vancouver) and the center of the Ancient Greek world is not something you should miss. It has enough ruins to fill your needs for the whole trip.
If you do end up going to Santorini, make sure you take the donkey ride up. I was giggling like a school girl the entire way.


text:
Burns Township ist eine der 16 Townships im Shiawassee County im US-Bundesstaat Michigan.  Zum Zeitpunkt des United States Census 2000 lebten hier 3500 Personen.

Geographie
Nach den Angaben des United States Census Bureau hat die Township eine Gesamtfläche von 92,5 km², wovon 91,9 km² auf Land und 0,6 km² (= 0,62 %) auf Gewässer entfallen.

Ortschaften
Innerhalb der Township liegen die Ortschaften:
das Village of Byron
Union Plains ist eine Unincorporated Community an Grand River Road und Reed Road.

Geschichte
Whitmore Knaggs richtete 1820 einen Handelsposten ein, um mit den hier lebenden Ojibwe Waren und Pelze zu tauschen. Die Township wurde 1835 organisiert.

Demographie
Zum Zeitpunkt des United States Census 2000 bewohnten Burns Township 3500 Personen. Die Bevölkerungsdichte betrug 38,1 Personen pro km². Es gab 1230 Wohneinheiten, durchschnittlich 13,4 pro km². Die Bevölkerung Burns Townships bestand zu 97,91 % aus Weißen, 0,03 % Schwarzen oder African American, 0,43 % Native American, 0,17 % Asian, 0 % Pacific Islander, 0,06 % gaben an, anderen Rassen anzugehören und 1,40 % nannten zwei oder mehr Rassen. 1,51 % der Bevölkerung erklärten, Hispanos oder Latinos jeglicher Rasse zu sein.

Die Bewohner Burns Townships verteilten sich auf 1191 Haushalte, von denen in 40,4 % Kinder unter 18 Jahren lebten. 70,2 % der Haushalte stellten Verheiratete, 7,6 % hatten einen weiblichen Haushaltsvorstand ohne Ehemann und 16,6 % bildeten keine Familien. 13,8 % der Haushalte bestanden aus Einzelpersonen und in 5,2 % aller Haushalte lebte jemand im Alter von 65 Jahren oder mehr alleine. Die durchschnittliche Haushaltsgröße betrug 2,94 und die durchschnittliche Familiengröße 3,20 Personen.

Die Bevölkerung verteilte sich auf 29,2 % Minderjährige, 7,3 % 18–24-Jährige, 30,5 % 25–44-Jährige, 23,9 % 45–64-Jährige und 9,2 % im Alter von 65 Jahren oder mehr. Der Median des Alters betrug 35 Jahre. Auf jeweils 100 Frauen entfielen 104,0 Männer. Bei den über 18-Jährigen entfielen auf 100 Frauen 100,0 Männer.

Das mittlere Haushaltseinkommen in Burns Township betrug 49.671 US-Dollar und das mittlere Familieneinkommen erreichte die Höhe von 52.888 US-Dollar. Das Durchschnittseinkommen der Männer betrug 43.611 US-Dollar, gegenüber  US-Dollar bei den Frauen. Das Pro-Kopf-Einkommen belief sich auf 19.622 US-Dollar. 5,5 % der Bevölkerung und 3,3 % der Familien hatten ein Einkommen unterhalb der Armutsgrenze, davon waren 8,5 % der Minderjährigen und 0,9 % der Altersgruppe 65 Jahre und mehr betroffen.

Belege

Gegründet 1835

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


2 tbsp food grade powdered citric acid. This can be found in grocery stores near the canning supplies or see here.
Put baking soda in a bowl and add food color if using. Mix and knead the color in with your fingers until the color is distributed. This will color your fingers, but it washes off.
Add citric acid and mix in with spoon.
Add 1 tsp oil and work it into the dough with your fingers.
At this point the dough will be dry and crumbly, similar in texture to the product "Moon Sand." You will know when it is ready when you can squeeze the dough in your hand and it holds together. Add more oil, one teaspoon at a time until it holds together and can be molded into a ball.
Scoop half of the dough in the palm of one hand and then press a dino into it. Cover dino with the rest of the dough and squeeze the dough in both hands until it sticks together. Notice that the dough is cold to the touch. The baking soda and citric acid react in an endothermic reaction, absorbing heat from the surrounding environment.
Now you can hatch your egg immediately!
Fill a large bowl with water. Drop in egg and watch the fizzing begin! All of the dough will dissolve, leaving the dino.


There is nothing better than watching the sun set with a glass of red wine.
The Hoogendsterpijp is one of the 'prestige' Waterpoorts (water gates) in defensive wall around Sneek (or Snits in the local dialect) dating from 1613.
Are you lookin' at me punk?
Our swallows are back from their African sojourn. At least four pairs have returned the very lengthy journey and are, once again, swooping through the fields, round the cottages and over the loch catching insects.
Hunting for prey or popping by for a coffee?
This is the first post in a new series to show you some of the cameras I have in my antique and classic camera collection, starting with one of my smallest cameras, the Ensign Midget.
Is it a squirrel? Is it a cuckoo?
In a followup to the monochrome blog entry Derelict Jerdune, here is Jerdune in all it's colour and glory. The last eight images are colour versions of the monochrome images of Derelict Jerdune.


Monitor energy usage in server cabinets.
AKCP monitors energy consumption and automatically calculates the efficiency of server room cabinets. Using efficiency data, you can make calculated changes to the way your server room works. Optimize your infrastructure and save money in the process.
Benchmark and monitor PUE in real time.
AKCP calculate PUE values using data polled from numerous devices. A real time PUE value can be displayed rack by rack or for an entire server room.
Many SMEs use wire closet deployments instead of a single server room. Wire closet rooms are less energy efficient with typical PUE values of 2.5. * A study by Berkeley Lab, Improving Energy Efficiency for Server Rooms and Closets.
An IT administrator for a medium sized company has 10 servers, each consuming 500W. A cost comparison can be drawn between a using a wire closet setup and server room configuration using PUE calculations.
This example assumes the cost of electricity is $0.12 per kilowatt-hour (kWh).
While the servers are using the same amount of energy, the costs associated with powering the room varies based on the PUE efficiency of the cooling and power infrastructure. By consolidating server racks to a central server room location you can better control cooling help to save on operating costs from day one.
Monitoring the power consumed by IT and non-IT infrastructure is a crucial element of an IT deployment.
Full customization of graphs, widgets and colors is supported. Drag and Drop graphs, widgets and event summaries to AKCess Pro Server DCIM desktops. Export graphs as CVS, XLS documents and PNG files.
Multi-point installation. Install at distribution outlets, at rack level or at CRAC level.
Monitor phase line voltages, current, power factor, active energy and active power.
Setup Virtual Sensor desktops and monitor your entire server room infrastructure.
Virtual Sensors can be monitored locally on an AKCP Platform or the AKCess Pro Server DCIM.
Create SNMP Get, Custom Scripts, MODBUS TCP, PING and Multiple (Boolean) Virtual Sensors.
AKCP established in 1981, created the market for networked environmental, power and security monitoring solutions. Today, AKCP is the world's oldest and largest manufacturer of SNMP enabled networked temperature, environmental, power, security and access control monitoring equipment with over 120,000 systems preventing disaster and monitoring infrastructure.
AKCP created and still defines the market for network based environmental and security monitoring solutions. By setting the standards for technical achievement and innovation AKCP remains at the head of the field and is the industry standard in the field of SNMP server room temperature monitoring.


Sometimes I wonder if people really think about what they are saying. Certain phrases have become so common people don't even think about how they might be perceived negatively. Here are a few phrases that make me cringe when people say them to me.
So you're not usually honest when you talk to me? I do understand that the person is trying to communicate that they aren't going to gloss over negative or potentially devise issues in what they are saying; but I do wonder if they feel they are being dishonest about their feelings or what is really going on during other conversations they have with me. This phrase immediately reduces the trust factor I have in someone, and that is the exact opposite of what the person is trying to accomplish.
OK, I'm biased because I'm an accountant, but to me asset equals property (think a computer) or rights (think a patent or copyright), so is this phrase saying that the business owns their employees? I thought we got rid of slavery 150 years ago in this country. Its fine to say our people are what makes this company valuable, but to say they're an asset takes the ownership aspect to a different level that just drives me crazy.
Do you know that phone in your hand can call people too? Maybe the email never got through; maybe the person doesn't understand what is being requested or misunderstands and thinks it is a much bigger ask than intended. It's amazing how much can be accomplished if you just pick up the phone or get up from the desk and actually talk to someone.
I guess you didn't do anything special for me after all. When someone says 'thank you' they are pointing out their appreciation for doing something for them, for putting them above other things that the person needed to do or could have done. Saying no problem tells the person they weren't actually all that important. Even if the action wasn't important or wasn't inconvenient, why is it necessary to tell the person that. Let them have their moment that someone else in the world showed they mattered. 'You're welcome' communicates all that and more.
So what phrases do you hear regularly that drive you crazy?


Kurumsal hayat benim düşünce, iş-yaşam dengesi ya da bunların benzeri olmaması.
Annem bana doğduğunda,,en,dokunma ve gitme durumuydu,,en,Anormal derecede büyük bir kafa ile yaratılmıştım,,en,ısrar etmek istediğim küçük bir gezegenin büyüklüğünde bir beyinle dolu,,en,Başından veya başka bir tıbbi sebepten dolayı,,en,annem acil durum c-bölümü geçirdi,,en,Bu Kerala Munnar yakınındaki bir uzak tepe istasyonunda yarım yüzyıldan fazla oldu,,en, it was a touch-and-go sitiuation. I was created with an abnormally huge head, which I would like to insist is filled with a brain the size of a small planet. Whether because of the head or some other medical reason, my mother had to undergo an emergency c-section. Unutmayın, this was more than half a century ago in a remote hill station near Munnar in Kerala.
I just finished my first term as a professor at Singapore Management University. I taught an undergraduate course called Computer as an Analysis Tool, which is on business modelling and data-driven decision support. I had about 130 Öğrenciler, in three sections of three classroom hours each per week. I have to say the whole thing was a very enriching experience. Elbette, the reasons behind this statement will be expounded on, theorized and hypothesized – this is Unreal Blog, sonunda.
Öğretim asil ve ödüllendirici bir meslek olduğunu. As my sunset career, I have accepted a faculty position at Singapore Management University, Bilgi Sistemleri Okulu veri analitiği ve iş modelleme öğretim,en. Bu konular ile de oturup benim entrepreneurial ventures from earlier this year on data analytics and process automation, Benim emekli çıkan tüm bir parçası olan.
Trump's victory was many things. I think of it as a failure of big data analytics on many fronts. Benim personal theory is that there is more to it than meets the eye, but whatever does meet the eye seems to indicate a massive failure.
I am a conspiracy theory nut. Bu yüzden beni şok Trump zafer açıklamak için bir komplo teorisini teklif edelim. Bu oy arma olduğunu, ama yolu düşünüyordun değil. Devam etmeden önce, Bana bu eğlence için sadece olduğunu varsayalım. Don't take it too seriously.


text:
Clarence Clyde Seedorf (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈklɛrəns ˈseːdɔrf] ( listen); born 1 April 1976) is a Dutch professional football coach and former player. He was most recently the manager of the Cameroon national team.
Seedorf with Milan in 2011
Clarence Clyde Seedorf
(1976-04-01) 1 April 1976 (age 43)
Paramaribo, Suriname[1]
1.76 m (5 ft 9 1⁄2 in)[2]
Attacking midfielder
Senior career*
Team Apps (Gls)
Ajax 65 (11)
Sampdoria 32 (3)
Real Madrid 121 (15)
Inter Milan 64 (8)
Milan 300 (47)
Botafogo 58 (16)
Netherlands 87 (11)
Teams managed
* Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only
Regarded by many as one of the best midfielders of his generation, in 2004, he was chosen by Pelé as part of the FIFA 100. Seedorf is one of the most decorated Dutch players ever, and has won domestic and continental titles while playing for clubs in the Netherlands, Spain, Italy and Brazil.[3] He is considered one of the most successful players in UEFA Champions League history, as he is the first, and currently the only, player to have won the Champions League with three clubs – once with Ajax, in 1995, once with Real Madrid, in 1998 and twice with Milan, in 2003 and 2007.[4][5] At international level, he represented the Netherlands on 87 occasions, and took part at three UEFA European Football Championships (1996, 2000, 2004) and the 1998 FIFA World Cup, reaching the semi-finals of the latter three tournaments.
1 Early career
2 Club career
2.1 Ajax
2.2 Sampdoria
2.3 Real Madrid
2.4 Inter Milan
2.5 AC Milan
2.6 Botafogo
3 International career
4 Style of play
5 Managerial career
6 Personal life and other work
7.3 International goals
8 Managerial statistics
Early careerEdit
Born in Paramaribo, Suriname,[1] Seedorf was raised in Almere, Flevoland, where he moved when he was two years old.[6] Growing up in a footballing family, with both his younger brothers Jürgen and Chedric Seedorf,[7] and his father former player and talent agent Johann Seedorf, Clarence began his career at the age of six in the youth ranks of his local amateur sides VV AS '80 and Real Almere,[8] before being discovered and recruited to the ranks of nearby Dutch giants Ajax by Urgent Scoutingteam, the talent agency set up by Johan Cruyff, and which was responsible for recruiting the likes of Frank and Ronald de Boer, Edgar Davids, Robert Witschge and Patrick Kluivert to the club as well.[9] Following in their brother's footsteps, under the guidance of their father and talent agent, Seedorf's siblings, as well as cousin Stefano, would later also join the ranks of Ajax. He is also a pundit on BBC.[10]
Club careerEdit
AjaxEdit
As a product of the famed Ajax Youth Academy, Seedorf started his career as a right midfielder for Ajax during the early 1990s. He made his professional debut on 29 November 1992 against Groningen at the age of 16 years and 242 days, making him the youngest-ever debutant for Ajax, at the time.[11] He quickly established himself as the first choice on his position under manager Louis van Gaal, and in the 1993–94 season, his second with the club, he helped the Amsterdam-based side win the treble, securing the Eredivisie title, the KNVB Cup and the Dutch Super Cup in the same year.[12] Among his teammates was none other than Frank Rijkaard, the player he used to idolise in his younger days[13].
The following season saw Seedorf help his side secure consecutive Super Cup and Eredivisie titles, as well as help his side to their fourth European Cup trophy, winning the 1994–95 UEFA Champions League after defeating Milan in the final.[14] He played a key role in the final before being replaced in the 53rd minute by striker Nwankwo Kanu.[15] Patrick Kluivert scored a late goal to lift Ajax to a 1–0 victory over the Italian giants,[16] who Seedorf would later go on to represent for a decade.[17] While at Ajax, he was part of a trio known as "De kabel", composed of Edgar Davids, Patrick Kluivert and himself. Later, Winston Bogarde and Michael Reiziger would be added to the group to make it a quintet; what had started as a friendship was then taken over during the UEFA Euro 1996 to describe the group.[18]
SampdoriaEdit
Opting not to extend his contract with Ajax following their European success and the Bosman ruling, Seedorf signed a one-year contract with Italian Serie A side Sampdoria instead.[19] While not able to obtain any silverware in his first season at his new club, Seedorf appeared in 32 matches, scoring three goals helping his side to an eighth-place finish in the league table, all the while maintaining the form he had demonstrated at Ajax in the past. Seedorf was then able to secure a transfer to Real Madrid, moving to the Spanish La Liga by the end of the season.[20]
Real MadridEdit
Seedorf moved to Real Madrid in 1996,[21] where he was virtually ever present for Los Blancos in his first three seasons.[19] In his first season, he helped the team regain the La Liga title, while in his second season, 1997–98, he played a major role in the team's Champions League success, as Madrid secured a 1–0 victory over Juventus in the final,[22] earning his second Champions League title of his career.
While playing for Real Madrid, Seedorf scored a notable long-range goal against Atlético Madrid in 1997.[23] At the end of the 1998–99 season, Madrid and Juventus wanted to swap Seedorf for Zinedine Zidane, but the deal did not go through and the French playmaker waited two more years before joining Real Madrid.
Starting from the summer of 1999, Seedorf's role at Real Madrid became less prominent during the tenue of Dutch manager Guus Hiddink at the club. He was eventually transferred back to Italy during the 1999–2000 season, this time to Inter Milan, for a fee about 44 billion Italian lira (approximately €23 million).[24]
Inter MilanEdit
On 24 December 1999, Seedorf moved to Inter in a $24.35 million deal after cementing his place in the Real Madrid midfield for over three years.[25] Despite helping the team to the Coppa Italia final later that season – a 2–1 aggregate loss to Lazio where Seedorf scored Inter's only goal[26] – Seedorf could not help bring any major silverware to the club. Nonetheless, he is remembered by many Inter fans for his two goals against Juventus in a 2–2 draw on 9 March 2002, both of which were superb long-range efforts.[27]
AC MilanEdit
Clarence Seedorf in action for Milan against Eric Addo of PSV in a friendly game on 3 August 2007 at the Lokomotiv Stadium, Moscow.
After two years with Inter, Seedorf moved to their city rivals AC Milan in 2002, in an exchange with Francesco Coco.[28] Seedorf won the Coppa Italia with Milan in 2003, the first time they had won the competition in 26 years. In the same season, Seedorf gained his third Champions League medal, becoming the first player to win the Champions League with three clubs.[19] The all-Italian final saw Milan beat Juventus on penalties after a 0–0 draw, despite Seedorf failing to convert his own penalty. The following season, 2003–04, Seedorf played a role in the Milan side that won the Serie A title. It was Seedorf's fourth national league title of his career, following his two Dutch title wins with Ajax and his one Spanish win with Real Madrid.
Seedorf played a major role as Milan reached the Champions League final again in 2005, scoring the only goal of the game in their opening group match against Shakhtar Donetsk on 14 September 2004 and appearing in all 13 competition matches.[29] He started the match, played in Istanbul, against Liverpool in which Milan contrived to lose a 3–0 lead, eventually losing on penalties after a 3–3 draw; Seedorf did not take a spot-kick.[30] Milan also finished runners-up in the Serie A, seven points behind champions Juventus, although Juventus were stripped of the title and Milan docked points for match-fixing.[31]
A match-fixing scandal tarnished Serie A and Milan were weakened by the scandal but were allowed to continue in Europe the following season, which led to their top players remaining with the club. Seedorf's role as foil to midfielder Kaká became increasingly impressive as the pair combined in style to score and supply the goals which drove Milan past Bayern Munich and Manchester United to another Champions League final, again against Liverpool. This time, however, they defeated them 2–1 in Athens, with Seedorf collecting his fourth Champions League medal. In that same year, Seedorf was a part of a Milan squad which won the FIFA Club World Cup, becoming the first European player to win the trophy with three clubs (Ajax in 1995 and Real Madrid in 1998). He ended up winning the Silver Ball for the competition.[32]
Seedorf playing against former club Real Madrid. On the left is Mesut Özil.
At the end of the 2006–07 season, Seedorf was voted best midfielder of the Champions League. He played his 100th game in the Champions League on 4 December against Celtic.
With Milan, Seedorf formed a formidable midfield partnership with Gennaro Gattuso and Andrea Pirlo, which began since the 2002–03 season. This midfield trio was still used in the starting line-up until the 2011–12 season (Pirlo left the Rossoneri in the summer of 2011), although their form had been declining. Under the guidance of coach Carlo Ancelotti, their role was to support an attacking midfielder, whether it be Rivaldo, Rui Costa, Kaká or Ronaldinho.
Seedorf became the foreigner with the most appearances for Milan following a game against his former club, Sampdoria, which he scored in. At 395 appearances, he passed Nils Liedholm for this historic milestone. During the Sampdoria game, he also became the ninth-highest scoring foreigner for Milan, with 58 goals. On 29 March 2010, Seedorf was the target of racist chants from Lazio fans in a 1–1 draw, which led to the Rome-based club being given a €15,000 fine by the Italian Football Federation (FIGC). This led the Italy's players' union want racism stamped out in Serie A.[33]
Seedorf won his second Scudetto with Milan in the 2010–11 Serie A season, where he once again played a vital role. He scored four goals and made 36 appearances in the 2010–11 season. Seedorf added yet another medal to his trophy cabinet in the first official game of the 2011–12 season, where he played the full 90 minutes in a 2–1 comeback win over rivals Inter Milan in the Supercoppa Italiana.[34] He scored the winning goal of Milan's first win of the 2011–12 Serie A campaign, a 1–0 defeat of Cesena on 24 September.[35]
Seedorf was ranked seventh of the 20 best players of the Champions League, a list which was compiled in 2012 to commemorate the 20th anniversary of the competition. The ranking was done by Champions, the official magazine of UEFA.[citation needed] On 14 May, he said that he was playing his last match with Milan against Novara that day. He also confirmed that he would continue to play football for another club. On 21 June, Seedorf held a press conference announcing his departure from Milan, stating, "I am leaving after 10 wonderful years... I leave a family" after playing for the Rossoneri for a decade and winning two Champions League, two Scudettos and a Coppa Italia.[36][37] Club CEO Adriano Galliani spoke of Seedorf following the player's departure in the highest regard, stating, "When Milan played well, which happened often, each and every time it occurred Seedorf played an amazing match. He is a world class player."[38]
BotafogoEdit
Seedorf playing for Botafogo in 2013
On 30 June 2012, Seedorf signed a two-year contract with Brazilian club Botafogo.[39] The veteran midfielder made his debut with the club on 22 July against Grêmio.[40][41] On 5 August, Seedorf scored his first goal for Botafogo, curling in a free kick against Atlético Goianiense. On 5 September, Seedorf scored two goals and made an assist against Cruzeiro, helping Botafogo to a 3–1 victory.[42] On 3 February 2013, for the first time on his career, Seedorf scored a hat-trick against Macaé, his first game as a starter that year. Before that game, Seedorf played the second half against Fluminense and made a good assist to Bolívar, who scored the match's equalizer.[citation needed]
On 10 March 2013, Seedorf won his first title with Botafogo: the 2013 Taça Guanabara, the first round of 2013 Campeonato Carioca. On 5 May, he won the second round of 2013 Campeonato Carioca – 2013 Taça Rio – against Fluminense. That is also the day of his first official title for Botafogo, the 2013 Campeonato Carioca, as the team won both rounds and no final match was needed. On 6 June, Seedorf scored his 100th goal in domestic league play: 11 with Ajax, 3 with Sampdoria, 15 with Real Madrid, 8 with Inter, 47 with Milan and 16 with Botafogo. On 14 January 2014, Seedorf announced his retirement from professional football. He announced that he is ending his playing career to take up the manager position at Milan following the sacking of Massimiliano Allegri.
International careerEdit
Due to Surinamese rules against dual citizenship, players who take Dutch citizenship are no longer eligible to represent the Netherlands' former colony. He received his first callup on 14 December 1994 at the age of 18 against Luxembourg.[43] Seedorf scored on his debut, helping his team to a 5–0 victory in a UEFA Euro 1996 qualifying match.[44]
Seedorf was in the Dutch squad for the UEFA European Championships in 1996, where his penalty miss proved decisive in the quarter-final shootout defeat to France.[45] He also appeared for the Netherlands at Euro 2000 and 2004, as well as the 1998 FIFA World Cup, reaching the semi-finals in all three of these tournaments.
On 12 November 2006, Seedorf was recalled for the first time since June 2004 as a replacement for the injured Wesley Sneijder. He started and played the full 90 minutes in a 1–1 friendly draw against England. Seedorf won the last of his 87 caps for the Netherlands in 2008.[19] In the Euro 2008 qualifiers against Romania (0–0 at home) and Slovenia (1–0 away win), Seedorf played four and six minutes respectively. There were doubts on his position within the national team, as Marco van Basten favoured younger players such as Rafael van der Vaart, Wesley Sneijder and Robin van Persie. On 13 May 2008, Seedorf announced that he would not take part in UEFA Euro 2008 due to his ongoing personal conflict with Van Basten.[46]
Style of playEdit
Seedorf's number 10 Milan jersey in the San Siro museum
Seedorf was a well-rounded, hardworking and versatile player, who was gifted with strength, pace, stamina and notable physical attributes, which allowed him to play anywhere in midfield and contribute both offensively and defensively, due to his significant tactical intelligence; although he primarily served as a playmaker in the centre, throughout his career he was also deployed as an attacking midfielder, on the wing, or in a holding or box-to-box role.[47][48][49][50]
A world class midfielder, in addition to his fitness and athletic characteristics, as well as his ability to break down opposing plays and win back possession,[47][48] he was an elegant, creative player and an excellent dribbler, possessing outstanding technique, ball skills and vision, which enabled him to retain possession when under pressure and subsequently lay the ball off to an on-rushing teammate;[51] he was also an accurate passer and crosser of the ball.[47][49][52][53] Seedorf was also capable of scoring goals due to his powerful, accurate striking ability from distance with either foot;[47][48][54][55] furthermore, he was an effective free kick taker.[56] Despite his physical, energetic, and tenacious style of play, Seedorf was regarded as a correct player, and was sent off only two times in his entire career. In addition to his success and footballing skills, Seedorf has also been praised for his longevity as a footballer.[47]
Managerial careerEdit
Seedorf was appointed the new head coach of Milan on 16 January 2014, terminating his contract with Botafogo early in order to take on the managerial role, with Milan languishing in 11th in the Serie A table. On 19 January, he won his first managerial match, played against Hellas Verona, with Mario Balotelli scoring the lone goal of the game.[57]
Despite overseeing the club's first five-match winning run since 2011, and first Serie A victory in the Milan derby against Inter since 2011, Seedorf was dismissed by Milan on 9 June 2014 after just four months on the job, with Filippo Inzaghi being named as his successor.[58] During the Dutchman's time at the helm of the club, Milan gained a total of 35 out of a possible 57 points - the fourth-most out of all Serie A sides (one less than Napoli's corresponding total and six less than Roma's).
Seedorf was appointed manager of China League One team Shenzhen F.C. in July 2016,[59] but was replaced five months later by Sven-Göran Eriksson.[60] A year later Seedorf joined Brazilian club Atlético Paranaense as both a coach and a sporting director[61][62][63] Within a month the deal was cancelled after both parties failed to reach an agreement.[citation needed] In February 2018, Seedorf was appointed as manager of Spanish club Deportivo de La Coruña for the remainder of the 2017–18 season.[64] Seedorf led the team to just two wins in sixteen matches, Deportivo were relegated from La Liga, and at the end of the season he left the club.[65]
After a deal with Sven-Göran Eriksson could not be agreed, the Fédération Camerounaise de Football appointed Seedorf as the manager of the Cameroon national team in August 2018.[66] He was joined by former teammate Patrick Kluivert as his assistant manager.[66] However, after a disappointing 2019 Africa Cup of Nations, where Cameroon was eliminated by Nigeria in the round of sixteen after an unimpressive group stage, he was sacked in July 2019.[67]
Personal life and other workEdit
Seedorf with Queen Máxima and King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands.
Seedorf speaks six languages fluently:[68][69][70][71][72] Dutch, English,[73] Italian, Portuguese, Spanish and Sranan Tongo. He was often seen as a spiritual, intelligent and articulate figure in football,[74] and in a 2011 interview, Seedorf stated that he was studying to obtain a master's degree in Business at the prestigious Bocconi University in Milan;[75] because of this, he earned the nickname "il professore" ("the professor") during his time playing at Milan.[48] Seedorf is married to a Brazilian woman, Luviana Seedorf, with whom he owns a restaurant called Finger's in Milan. They have four children.[76]
Seedorf has dabbled in media-related work during recent years. In 2009, he worked with The New York Times to run a column entitled "Seedorf responds", where once a month he would answer peoples' questions regarding football.[77] He joined the BBC's team covering the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa, working as a television pundit[78] He also presented a number of features for the BBC coverage, including one about Robben Island.[79] He joined the BBC for their Match of the Day Live coverage of UEFA Euro 2012. He has also made appearances on Match of the Day 2 during the English football league season.
Because of his strong connection with the country Suriname, where he was born, he is involved in many social development projects there. He built his own "Clarence Seedorf Stadium" in the district of Para in Suriname. In this stadium, the Para Juniors League of Suriname is being held and the teams of the Suri Profs & SV The Brothers play there regularly. With his Champions for Children Foundation, he supports projects for good causes in Suriname.[80] For this, Suriname has honoured him to Commandor of the High-Order of the Yellow Star, and recently in 2011, he was invested as a Knight of the Order of Orange-Nassau (OON).
On 5 June 2009, Seedorf announced at a press conference after a meeting with Nelson Mandela that he had become the Nelson Mandela Foundation's latest Legacy Champion. He joins Patrice Motsepe, Tokyo Sexwale, David Rockefeller, Peggy Dulany and Bill Clinton, who are also members of a select group of philanthropists who are helping to ensure that Mr. Mandela's legacy lives on.
In 2012 and 2014, Seedorf took part in Soccer Aid, a charity match at Old Trafford with former professional players and celebrities. He played for "The Rest of the World" team against England. In 2014, he scored a hat-trick, where The Rest of the World won 4–2; they raised over £4 million in total.[81]
Clarence's nephew, Collin Seedorf, is also a professional footballer, and currently plays for Dutch club, FC Eindhoven.[82]
Career statisticsEdit
ClubEdit
Statistics accurate as of last match played on 8 December 2013.[83]
Ajax 1992–93 Eredivisie 12 1 3 0 3 0 18 1
1993–94 19 4 3 0 2 0 24 4
1994–95 34 6 3 0 11 0 48 6
Sampdoria 1995–96 Serie A 32 3 2 1 – 34 4
Real Madrid 1996–97 La Liga 38 6 4 0 – 42 6
1999–2000 10 0 0 0 6 0 16 0
Inter Milan 1999–2000 Serie A 20 3 5 2 0 0 25 5
Milan 2002–03 Serie A 29 4 3 2 16 1 48 7
2006–07 32 7 5 0 14 3 51 10
Botafogo 2012 Série A 24 8 0 0 0 0 24 8
2013 34 8 0 0 1 1 35 9
1 Includes UEFA Champions League and UEFA Europa League matches.
2 Includes the Johan Cruijff Shield and Eredivisie playoffs matches.
InternationalEdit
International goalsEdit
Scores and results list Netherlands' goal tally first.[86]
1. 14 December 1994 De Kuip, Rotterdam
Luxembourg 5–0 5–0 Euro 1996 qualifying
2. 29 March 1995 De Kuip, Rotterdam
Malta 1–0 4–0 Euro 1996 qualifying
3. 11 October 1995 Ta' Qali National Stadium, Attard
4. 15 November 1995 De Kuip, Rotterdam
Norway 1–0 3–0 Euro 1996 qualifying
5. 4 June 1996 De Kuip, Rotterdam
Republic of Ireland 2–1 3–1 Friendly
6. 14 December 1996 King Baudouin Stadium, Brussels
Belgium 2–0 3–0 1998 World Cup qualifying
7. 21 February 1998 Orange Bowl, Miami
United States 2–0 2–0 Friendly
8. 7 October 2000 GSP Stadium, Nicosia
Cyprus 1–0 4–0 2002 World Cup qualifying
10. 6 October 2001 GelreDome, Arnhem
Andorra 2–0 4–0 2002 World Cup qualifying
11. 16 October 2002 Ernst-Happel-Stadion, Vienna
Austria 1–0 3–0 Euro 2004 qualifying
Managerial statisticsEdit
As of 6 July 2019
Milan 16 January 2014[87] 9 June 2014[58] 22 11 2 9 28 26 +2 050.00
Shenzhen 7 July 2016 5 December 2016 14 4 4 6 17 24 −7 028.57
Deportivo de La Coruña 5 February 2018 22 May 2018 16 2 6 8 14 25 −11 012.50
Cameroon 4 August 2018 16 July 2019 13 4 5 4 10 11 −1 030.77
64 21 17 26 69 84 −15 032.81
HonoursEdit
Ajax[89]
Eredivisie (2): 1993–94, 1994–95
KNVB Cup (1): 1992–93
Johan Cruijff Shield (1): 1993
UEFA Champions League (1): 1994–95
Real Madrid[89]
La Liga (1): 1996–97
Supercopa de España (1): 1997
UEFA Champions League (1): 1997–98[90]
Intercontinental Cup (1): 1998
Milan[89]
Serie A (2): 2003–04, 2010–11
Coppa Italia (1): 2002–03
Supercoppa Italiana (2): 2004, 2011
UEFA Champions League (2): 2002–03, 2006–07
UEFA Super Cup (2): 2003, 2007
FIFA Club World Cup (1): 2007
Botafogo[89]
Taça Guanabara (1): 2013
Campeonato Carioca (1): 2013
IndividualEdit
Dutch Football Talent of the Year (2): 1993, 1994[91]
ESM Team of the Year (1): 1996–97[92]
UEFA Team of the Year (2): 2002,[93] 2007[94]
UEFA Best Midfielder Award (1): 2006–07[95]
FIFA Club World Cup Silver Ball (1): 2007[96]
FIFPro World XI Nominee (1): 2007[97]
Real Madrid Team of the Century (1): 2008[98]
Bola de Prata (1): 2013[99]
Knight of the Order of Orange-Nassau[100]
Commander of the Honorary Order of the Yellow Star[101]
Nelson Mandela Legacy Champion[102]
FIFA 100[103]
A.C. Milan Hall of Fame[49]
Golden Foot Award Legends: 2018[104]
List of people named in the Panama Papers
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^ "Clarence Seedorf - UEFA Team of the Year 2007". UEFA. Archived from the original on 9 July 2015. Retrieved 1 August 2014.
^ "UEFA Champions League Awards". UEFA.
^ "FIFA Club World Cup Awards". RSSSF.
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^ "Il Golden Foot 2018 è Edinson Cavani" (in Italian). www.radiomontecarlo.net. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Clarence Seedorf.
Clarence Seedorf official website
Clarence Seedorf at Wereld van Oranje (in Dutch)
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Eliminating the estate tax and offering write-offs for companies that move their manufacturing plants to the U.S.
Take a look at the impact this tax plan could have on businesses, the national deficit, and arguably most importantly, your wallet.
In April 2017, Trump announced his original tax reform plan, and while many of the tenets of his original proposal have remained the same, there have been some changes. Under the new plan, the lowest tax bracket would contribute 12 percent in personal income tax — a small jump up from the previous contribution of 10 percent.
The proposal for the standard deduction for married couple remains the same, but the standard tax deduction for single filers has increased. In addition, Trump has raised his proposed corporation tax rates from 15 percent to 20 percent.
Right now, personal income taxes are broken up into seven tax brackets, but Trump has proposed consolidating the income tax brackets into only three — though his plan allows for the congressional committee to add a fourth bracket for higher incomes. Currently, the top earners pay 39.5 percent in taxes — Trump's proposal would give high income earners a tax cut, slashing their contribution to 35 percent.
Although income ranges have not yet been specified under Trump's new plan, the three different income brackets will pay 12, 25 or 35 percent in taxes. This new distribution raises the tax contributions for the lowest income earners and lowers contributions for those in the highest tax bracket.