Pump housings and gears are made of top quality Navy M bronze, shafts are stainless steel 303. Bearings are made of high performance silicon carbide material selected for wear resistance and long service life. Gear pumps are positive displacement pumps. Each shaft revolution displaces a definite amount of liquid relatively unaffected by the back pressure in the discharge line. Shaft speed and flow are directly proportional.
Close coupled pumps are mounted directly to the electric motor by means of a suitable adapter bracket. The pump drive shaft is connected to the motor shaft by a flexible coupling.
These pumps are suitable for all liquids that are compatible with bronze. Most common liquids are water, oil, and mild chemicals in the pH range of 4 to 11. Viscous liquids require reduced shaft speeds of 1140 RPM or lower. (Consult factory.) Liquids containing solids, abrasives, powders, or paint pigments are definitely not recommended for gear pumps. If abrasives are unavoidable, use a very low shaft speed. The recommended liquid temperature range is from 32°F to 140°F for best pump life. If more extreme temperature conditions exist, factory should be consulted. Freezing of water-filled pumps can cause damage and must be avoided. Oils at low temperatures are very viscous requiring a lower speed or extra power.
As a general rule, the suction lift should be kept at an absolute minimum by placing the pump as close to the liquid source as possible. A gear pump in new condition can lift 20 feet of water in the suction line. A foot valve (preferably with built-in strainer) is recommended at the beginning of the suction line. For a first start-up, the pump should be primed to avoid dry running. Minimum size of the suction pipe is the size of the pump inlet port. For longer suction lines (over 3 feet), or for viscous liquids, the pipe size should be at least one size or two sizes larger than the pump inlet port.


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The Marshall Plan: Dawn of the Cold War
Southampton, Long Island
In the wake of World War II, US officials under new Secretary of State George C. Marshall set out to reconstruct western Europe as a bulwark against communist authoritarianism. Their massive, costly, and ambitious undertaking would confront Europeans and Americans alike with a vision at odds with their history and self-conceptions. Focusing on the critical years 1947 to 1949, Benn Steil's account brings to life the seminal episodes marking the collapse of postwar US-Soviet relations—the Prague coup, the Berlin blockade, and the division of Germany. The Wall Street Journal called the book "brilliant" and the New York Times called it "trenchant and timely." THE MARSHALL PLAN was the winner of the 2019 New-York Historical Society Barbara and David Zalaznick Book Prize in American History. Join us for a talk by the author. Co-Sponsored with the Rogers Memorial Library. Co-Sponsored with the Rogers Memorial Library.
91 Coopers Farm Road
Wheelchair Accessible: Yes
Event Requires Pre-Registration: Yes
Rogers Memorial Library

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Elgar steers South Africa to victory over India in second Test
South Africa captain Dean Elgar scored 96 not out as the Proteas beat India by seven wickets at the Wanderers (AFP/PHILL MAGAKOE)
South Africa captain Dean Elgar hit a superb 96 not out to guide South Africa to an emphatic seven wicket win in the second Test against India at the Wanderers on Thursday which levels the three-match series at 1-1.
What had been expected to be a tense chase on the fourth day became a comfortable win for the home side after rain delayed the start of play by almost six hours.
When play did get under way after tea it was under heavily overcast skies with the floodlights on.
Resuming at 118 for two in pursuit of a target of 240, Elgar and Rassie van der Dussen added 57 runs in the first hour before Van der Dussen was caught behind off Mohammed Shami for 40. The pair had put on 82 for the third wicket.
Temba Bavuma gave a caught and bowled chance to Shardul Thakur before he had scored but then batted solidly to make 23 not out and stay with Elgar until the end.
The captain was not quite able to complete his century but hit the winning runs with a flick for four off Ravichandran Ashwin.
The decider in the three-match series will start at Newlands in Cape Town on Tuesday.
str/bsp/nr
Act 342: Hefty fines can encourage abuse and corruption - business groups
They are concerned over the absence of a consultation process.
Appellate court rules Sabah-born man is Malaysian citizen, after 15-year wait as stateless person


I've just released version 2 of my Turntable Viewer to showcase rendered turntable clips on the web.
Implemented a loader for jpg/png/gif image sequences.
Implemented a theme option to create a custom theme for the viewer.
Changed to a more flexible Creative Commons license agreement, which allows the viewer to be freely used on commercial and corporate websites as well. Go nuts!
I rewrote the entire application architecture from scratch since the last release to be fully object oriented for easier additions of new features. I will be occupied with some work in the coming weeks so I decided to take a snapshot of the current version and release it today as I won't have time to look at it again for the next month or so. There was a few more things I wanted to add and some things I wanted to fix, so I guess I'll make another update later this autumn when I get some time for it.
In the meantime, enjoy this new version, I hope the inclusion of the image sequence loader will be useful and make it much easier to use.


Edited by Arthur Beer. Vol. 3, Part 1: Dynamics—Geophysics—Instruments—Solar System. Vol. 3, Part 2: Stellar Astronomy—Stellar Evolution—Photometry—Galaxies—Spectroscopy—Cosmology. (Special Supplement No. 7 to the Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics. ) Pp. vii + 345. (London and New York: Pergamon Press, 1960.) 120s. net.


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Carlos Gómez Barrera (Payo Obispo, hoy Chetumal, Quintana Roo, 19 de mayo de 1918 - México, D. F., 17 de marzo de 1996). Fue un músico y compositor mexicano, líder sindical de los compositores y diputado federal.

Inició sus estudios básicos en la ciudad de Chetumal, posteriormente se trasladó a la Ciudad de México e inició estudios en la Escuela Nacional de Agricultura de Chapingo que no llegó a concluir por problemas de salud, pronto se dedicó de lleno a la composición musical, siendo su primera composición la Marcha de las reservas de Quintana Roo con la que participó en el concurso para seleccionar la Marcha Nacional de las Reservas organizada por el periódico El Universal en 1943 y que quedó en décimo lugar nacional y primero en Quintana Roo. El jurado estuvo integrado por Juan León Mariscal Canseco, José Francisco Vázquez Cano y Julián Carrillo Trujillo, autor del Sonido 13. Posteriormente vinieron otras composiciones dedicadas a su estado natal en donde destacan Leyenda de Chetumal, Cozumel, Navidad en Isla Mujeres, Mi homenaje a Cancún, Inútil es fingir, Milagro de amor, Falsos Juramentos, Que me castigue Dios, Mentira, Tú eres mi destino y Por un puñado de oro, y obras como Cantos de hogar, de la música para la película mexicana "La edad de la inocencia", que fue grabada con la Orquesta Sinfónica Nacional en 1962 y la Fantasía para piano y orquesta, publicada en 1964.

El 1 de mayo de 1958 fue elegido Secretario General de la sección de compositores del Sindicato Nacional de Trabajadores de la Producción Cinematográfica de la República Mexicana, cargo en que posteriormente fue reelecto por ocho periodos consecutivos, fue además secretario general del mismo sindicado por dos periodos, de 1968 a 1970 y de 1976 a 1978; además fue el primer presidente de la Federación Mesoamericana de Autores, Realizadores e Intérpretes.

Fue elegido diputado federal por el I Distrito Electoral Federal de Quintana Roo para la L Legislatura de 1976 a 1979, fue declarado hijo predilecto de Quintana Roo el 17 de noviembre de 1973.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
Biografía de Carlos Gómez Barrera en el archivo histórico de la página del Ayuntamiento de Othón P. Blanco
Bibliografía de Carlos Gómez Barrera en el archivo histórico del Departamento de Investigación y Promoción Musical del IQC.

Nacidos en Chetumal
Músicos de México
Diputados de la L Legislatura de México
Miembros del PRI de Quintana Roo
Compositores de México de música popular o folclórica

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Autism can also be found in children where a speech or intellectual delay is hardly noticed.
In fact, 25% of those children have a normal or even above average IQ scores. Intellectual disabilities such as Down Syndrome or Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, are quite more common in children, than autism. If a child has a language delay, for example, parents should first consider, and discuss with a licensed specialist, the possibilities of a language disorder or intellectual disability.


89141 zip code is nestled against the mountains in the SSW part of the Las Vegas Valley. It is approximately 3,000 acres and is mostly comprised of the master planned community of Southern Highlands. 89141 is the southern most exit out of Las Vegas (quick trip to California) and is only 8-10 minutes from the Las Vegas strip & McCarren Airport. The community is lush with parks, tennis courts and walking trails plus shopping, dining and other essentials including stellar schools both public and private.
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Car Service is very popular these days because it is really very useful and beneficial not only for those who have no cars but also for those who have most especially if they need someone to drive them when no one else could. If you wish to know more about car service and how beneficial it is, you can really count on this article for providing you all the things that you need to know of about it.
Many people think that getting a car service is just the same as getting a taxi but it is actually different in so many ways. If you come to think of it, car service is totally different from taxi services because with the former, you get to choose what type of car will pick you up but with the latter, you just choose whichever is available from the ones passing by. For instance, if you need to get a patient to the hospital as fast as possible, you wouldn't have to get a taxi for that because they are not of high priority in the street so it is always best to get medicaid transportation services instead.
There are a different types of car services and medicaid transportation is one of them. This type of car services allows you to provide urgent aid to people most especially if they are suffering from health conditions that need to be treated immediately such as seizures, accidents, heart attack and many others. With medicaid transportation, you can also guarantee a safer mode of transporting your patients because they also have healthcare professionals such as nurses in the vehicle so they can give first aid or other emergency treatment for those who need it.
Aside from medicaid transportation, you can also get airport transportation from car services. If you are going to the airport for example and you have no one to drive you to it but you also don't want to leave your car in the airport parking area for a long period of time since they charge high on parking fee, you might need to get airport transportation services for your convenience. Airport transportation services is very useful most especially for businessmen who are hoping to maintain a high profile in their travels because with airport transportation, you can choose what car do you wish to pick you up or drive you to the airport.
However, it is also important to take note that car service is not only best for short distance travels because you can also get it for long distance transportation. When it comes to long distance transportation, you have to fix everything with the car service company that you are getting because they might be certain terms and conditions that you need to know of. To be safe, it is best to consult a company representative to guide you all throughout the process.


The Filthy Habits, hailing from Essex, are on the UK's finest prospects and current Indie Winners of an award we can't mention for fear of having to sell tickets… With a ferocious leader like Bobby Smith leading them out TFH have an exciting future, there's a rumour he's going to change his onstage persona to "Bobby Moore" and boy do the fans want to hear more from these guys.
Recent gigs have included playing at Colchester United FC, The O2 Arena and their very first festival so if you've got a spare night on the cards get your laughing gear around these upcoming dates and witness The Filthy experience first hand.
26.02.12 – The White Horse – #Rayleigh – A mix of original material and covers.
01.03.12 – Riga – #Southend.
16.03.12 – Upstairs at The Garage, #Islington, '25 and Mean' presented by Gary Powell and Mean Fiddler.
17.03.12 – The Soundhouse – #Colchester.
23.03.12 – The Box Club, #Chelmsford.
27.04.12 – We Are Fiction, The Sunrooms. #Southend.
The Filthy Habits just won an Emerging Icons competition which meant airplay on their first big radio channel with Absolute Radio playing their "Filthy Mouth" track in February 2012.
run amok with his band of Musical Vigilantes.
extremely rare and precious. The Last Mohican.
Matt "The Bass" likes nothing more than a intensive game of Cowboys and Indians.
It is a well known fact in Essex that Andy can bench press 10 times his own body weight.


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Insight News May 1, 2020 Business, Leadership, U.S., Uncategorized
How Trump Failed the Biggest Test of His Life
When the definitive history of the coronavirus pandemic is written, the date 20 January 2020 is certain to feature prominently. It was on that day that a 35-year-old man in Washington state, recently returned from visiting family in Wuhan in China, became the first person in the US to be diagnosed with the virus.
On the very same day, 5,000 miles away in Asia, the first confirmed case of Covid-19 was reported in South Korea. The confluence was striking, but there the similarities ended.
In the two months since that fateful day, the responses to coronavirus displayed by the US and South Korea have been polar opposites.
One country acted swiftly and aggressively to detect and isolate the virus, and by doing so has largely contained the crisis. The other country dithered and procrastinated, became mired in chaos and confusion, was distracted by the individual whims of its leader, and is now confronted by a health emergency of daunting proportions.
Within a week of its first confirmed case, South Korea's disease control agency had summoned 20 private companies to the medical equivalent of a war-planning summit and told them to develop a test for the virus at lightning speed. A week after that, the first diagnostic test was approved and went into battle, identifying infected individuals who could then be quarantined to halt the advance of the disease.
Some 357,896 tests later, the country has more or less won the coronavirus war. On Friday only 91 new cases were reported in a country of more than 50 million.
The US response tells a different story. Two days after the first diagnosis in Washington state, Donald Trump went on air on CNBC and bragged: "We have it totally under control. It's one person coming from China. It's going to be just fine."
A week after that, the Wall Street Journal published an opinion article by two former top health policy officials within the Trump administration under the headline Act Now to Prevent an American Epidemic. Luciana Borio and Scott Gottlieb laid out a menu of what had to be done instantly to avert a massive health disaster.
Top of their to-do list: work with private industry to develop an "easy-to-use, rapid diagnostic test" – in other words, just what South Korea was doing.
It was not until 29 February, more than a month after the Journal article and almost six weeks after the first case of coronavirus was confirmed in the country that the Trump administration put that advice into practice. Laboratories and hospitals would finally be allowed to conduct their own Covid-19 tests to speed up the process.
Those missing four to six weeks are likely to go down in the definitive history as a cautionary tale of the potentially devastating consequences of failed political leadership. Today, 86,012 cases have been confirmed across the US, pushing the nation to the top of the world's coronavirus league table – above even China.
More than a quarter of those cases are in New York City, now a global center of the coronavirus pandemic, with New Orleans also raising alarm. Nationally, 1,301 people have died.
Most worryingly, the curve of cases continues to rise precipitously, with no sign of the plateau that has spared South Korea.
"The US response will be studied for generations as a textbook example of a disastrous, failed effort," Ron Klain, who spearheaded the fight against Ebola in 2014, told a Georgetown university panel recently. "What's happened in Washington has been a fiasco of incredible proportions."
Jeremy Konyndyk, who led the US government's response to international disasters at USAid from 2013 to 2017, frames the past six weeks in strikingly similar terms. He told the Guardian: "We are witnessing in the United States one of the greatest failures of basic governance and basic leadership in modern times."
In Konyndyk's analysis, the White House had all the information it needed by the end of January to act decisively. Instead, Trump repeatedly played down the severity of the threat, blaming China for what he called the "Chinese virus" and insisting falsely that his partial travel bans on China and Europe were all it would take to contain the crisis.
'The CDC was caught flat-footed'
If Trump's travel ban did nothing else, it staved off to some degree the advent of the virus in the US, buying a little time. Which makes the lack of decisive action all the more curious.
"We didn't use that time optimally, especially in the case of testing," said William Schaffner, an infectious diseases specialist at Vanderbilt University medical center. "We have been playing reluctant catch-up throughout."
As Schaffner sees it, the stuttering provision of mass testing "put us behind the eight-ball" right at the start. "It did not permit us, and still doesn't permit us, to define the extent of the virus in this country."
Though the decision to allow private and state labs to provide testing has increased the flow of test kits, the US remains starkly behind South Korea, which has conducted more than five times as many tests per capita. That makes predicting where the next hotspot will pop up after New York and New Orleans almost impossible.
In the absence of sufficient test kits, the US Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) initially kept a tight rein on testing, creating a bottleneck. "I believe the CDC was caught flat-footed," was how the governor of New York, Andrew Cuomo, put it on 7 March. "They're slowing down the state."
The CDC's botched rollout of testing was the first indication that the Trump administration was faltering as the health emergency gathered pace. Behind the scenes, deep flaws in the way federal agencies had come to operate under Trump were being exposed.
In 2018 the pandemic unit in the national security council – which was tasked to prepare for health emergencies precisely like the current one – was disbanded. "Eliminating the office has contributed to the federal government's sluggish domestic response," Beth Cameron, a former senior director of the office, wrote in the Washington Post.
Disbanding the unit exacerbated a trend that was already prevalent after two years of Trump – an exodus of skilled and experienced officials who knew what they were doing. "There's been an erosion of expertise, of competent leadership, at important levels of government," a former senior government official told the Guardian.
"Over time there was a lot of paranoia and people left and they had a hard time attracting good replacements," the official said. "Nobody wanted to work there."
It was hardly a morale-boosting gesture when Trump proposed a 16% cut in CDC funding on 10 February – 11 days after the World Health Organization had declared a public health emergency over Covid-19.
Schaffner, who describes himself as the "president of the CDC fan club", said he has been saddened by how sidelined the CDC has become over the past two months. "Here we have the public health issue of our era and one doesn't hear from the CDC, the premier public health organization in the world," Schaffner said.
Under Trump, anti-science sweeps through DC
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which regulates the diagnostic tests and will control any new treatments for coronavirus, has also shown vulnerabilities. The agency recently indicated that it was looking into the possibility of prescribing the malaria drug chloroquine for coronavirus sufferers, even though there is no evidence it would work and some indication it could have serious side-effects.
The decision dismayed experts, given that Trump has personally pushed the unproven remedy on a whim. It smacked of the wave of anti-science sentiment sweeping federal agencies under this presidency.
As the former senior official put it: "We have the FDA bowing to political pressure and making decisions completely counter to modern science."
Highly respected career civil servants, with impeccable scientific credentials, have struggled to get out in front of the president. Dr Anthony Fauci, an infectious disease expert who has become a rare trusted face in the administration amid the coronavirus scourge, has expressed his frustration.
This week Fauci was asked by a Science magazine writer, Jon Cohen, how he could stand beside Trump at daily press briefings and listen to him misleading the American people with comments such as that the China travel ban had been a great success in blocking entry of the virus. Fauci replied: "I know, but what do you want me to do? I mean, seriously Jon, let's get real, what do you want me to do?"
The Worst "Wartime" Leader in US History
Trump has designated himself a "wartime president." But if the title bears any validity, his military tactics have been highly unconventional. He has exacerbated the problems encountered by federal agencies by playing musical chairs at the top of the coronavirus force.
The president began by creating on 29 January a special coronavirus taskforce, then gave Vice-President Mike Pence the job, who promptly appointed Deborah Birx "coronavirus response coordinator", before the federal emergency agency Fema began taking charge of key areas, with Jared Kushner, the president's son-in-law, creating a shadow team that increasingly appears to be calling the shots.
"There's no point of responsibility," the former senior official told the Guardian. "It keeps shifting. Nobody owns the problem."
Trump: everything's going to be great
Amid the confusion, day-to-day management of the crisis has frequently come directly from Trump himself via his Twitter feed. The president, with more than half an eye on the New York stock exchange, has consistently talked down the scale of the crisis.
On 30 January, as the World Health Organization was declaring a global emergency, Trump said: "We only have five people. Hopefully, everything's going to be great."
On 24 February, Trump claimed "the coronavirus is very much under control in the USA". The next day, Nancy Messonnier, the CDC's top official on respiratory diseases, took the radically different approach of telling the truth, warning the American people that "disruption to everyday life might be severe".
Trump was reportedly so angered by the comment and its impact on share prices that he shouted down the phone at Messonnier's boss, the secretary of health and human services, Alex Azar.
"Messonnier was 100% right. She gave a totally honest and accurate assessment," Konyndyk told the Guardian. And for that, Trump angrily rebuked her department. "That sent a very clear message about what is and isn't permissible to say."
Konyndyk recalls attending a meeting in mid-February with top Trump administration officials present in which the only topic of conversation was the travel bans. That's when he began to despair about the federal handling of the crisis.
"I thought, 'Holy Jesus!' Where's the discussion on protecting our hospitals? Where's the discussion on high-risk populations, on surveillance so we can detect where the virus is. I knew then that the president had set the priority, the bureaucracy was following it, but it was the wrong priority."
So it has transpired. In the wake of the testing disaster has come the personal protective equipment (PPE) disaster, the hospital bed disaster, and now the ventilator disaster.
Ventilators, literal life preservers, are in dire short supply across the country. When governors begged Trump to unleash the full might of the US government on this critical problem, he gave his answer on 16 March.
In a phrase that will stand beside 20 January 2020 as one of the most revelatory moments of the history of coronavirus, he said: "Respirators, ventilators, all of the equipment – try getting it yourselves."
To date, the Trump administration has supplied 400 ventilators to New York. By Cuomo's estimation, 30,000 are needed.
"You want a pat on the back for sending 400 ventilators?" Cuomo scathingly asked on Tuesday. He added: "You pick the 26,000 who are going to die because you only sent 400 ventilators."
"A total vacuum of federal leadership"
In the absence of a strong federal response, a patchwork of efforts has sprouted all across the country. State governors are doing their own thing. Cities, even individual hospitals, are coping as best they can.
We are seeing the emergence of 50-state anarchy, because of a total vacuum of federal leadership. an explosion of Americans doing it for themselves, filling in the holes left by Trump's failed leadership.
There has been an explosion of Americans doing it for themselves, filling in the holes left by Trump's failed leadership.
Posted in Business, Leadership, U.S., Uncategorized and tagged coronavirus, covid-19, donald trump, Trump. Bookmark the permalink.
From Soil to Oil: How one man bucks the trends and makes a living using natural methods in the highly competitive cannabis industry
Covid-19's Third Shock Wave: The Global Food Crisis


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BRAZIL, UNITED STATES
What's in a name? In the case of Brazil, Indiana, very little!
Date: November 18, 2016Author: Oliver Marshall 22 Comments
Entering Brazil along State Road 59.
In southern Indiana, in the American Midwest, there's town called Brazil. Throughout North America, settlements were often named after a place, almost always in Europe, to which the founders had links. When planning a road trip this summer, I noticed a "Brazil" on the map just north of the portion of the Interstate Highway I-70 on my route. Naturally I was intrigued.
Not for a moment did I believe that this particular Brazil had been established by South American immigrants, in the way that Germans, English, Scottish, French and other settlers had founded other Midwestern communities. Instead I suspected that the name came about in one of two possible ways.
Immediately after the Civil War, thousands of defeated Confederates left their devastated homeland for self-exile in Latin America. Most were attracted by farming opportunities in Brazil, one of the last slave-holding societies in the Americas. While some of these migrants remained – and even prospered – in Brazil, many returned to the United States, either to their former home states or to elsewhere in the country. I was aware that in Tennessee there's a village that in 1869 was named to commemorate the emigration to Brazil, so it was possible that a returnee from South America had moved to Indiana and named a settlement after the country to which he had sought refuge.
More likely, I thought, the town was founded by a pioneer with the not altogether uncommon Irish surname of "Brazil". This seemed like a strong possibility given that in the 19th century there was a relatively small but steady inflow of immigrants from Ireland in Indiana, as well many more people of Irish origin arriving from other states. There are countless places – large and small – in Indiana named after families, so why couldn't one of these have been named Brazil?
It didn't take long to realise that neither of these assumptions was correct. Instead, the reality is more mundane. Rather than the town having born witness to a historic event or individual, the name "Brazil" was selected almost entirely randomly.
Oral tradition (as detailed in The Brazil Times of 26 April 1926) has it that the town of Brazil got its name from William "Yankee Bill" Stewart (1817–95), a carpenter and millwright originally from Massachusetts. As a child he had moved to New York, and from there his family went to Ohio and finally, in the 1830s, settled in Indiana, a common migration pattern in the early decades of the 19th century.
One day in 1844, Yankee Bill was sitting with Owen Thorpe, a local landowner, discussing the possibility of creating a settlement along the National Road (the future U.S. Route 40) that passed through the area. Thorpe sought a suitable name for his proposed new town and asked his friend, who was known for being a careful reader of newspapers that sometimes made their way into this backwoods territory, for ideas. Sometime before, Yankee Bill had been reading about a "revolution" in far-off Brazil, and he suggested that as the name of a future town, the word being short and easy to remember.*
(It is unclear as to what "revolution" Yankee Bill's attention was drawn. In the 1830s and early 1840s a number of significant rebellions in Brazil, South America had, however, made international news, with the Guerra dos Farroupilha – the Ragamuffin War – attracting particular attention. Involving the Italian revolutionary Giuseppie Garibaldi, this republican uprising took place between 1835 and 1845 and included demands for secession of the southern provinces of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina.)
In its early years, Brazil served as little more than a stopping-off point for wagon trains carrying people to new lives further West. Prospects for the community changed in the 1850s when coal and pottery clay deposits were discovered locally. For a time coal mining was a significant activity, but it was more as a clay and brick producer that Brazil came to flourish. At its peak, there were nine clay plants within a couple of miles of the town, producing electrical conduits, tiles, blocks and bricks of all varieties, sewer pipes, chimney flues and tops and other items.
As this industry grew, so too did Brazil's population. By 1873 the town had more than 2,000 inhabitants, reaching 9,300 in 1910 and supporting an extensive range of stores, hotels, banks, schools, medical facilities and theatres. By 1960 the population had dipped slightly to just under 9,000, a figure that has remained fairly stable, despite the complete closure of clay-related industries.
For its first hundred years, the town of Brazil and its South American namesake didn't have even the faintest of connections. This changed as a consequence of an 11-day visit, in May 1949, to the USA by the Brazilian president, Eurico Gaspar Dutra. The USA and Brazil had already developed a close, yet sometimes difficult, relationship, but ties improved during World War II when Dutra served as Minister of War. Despite being ruled by an authoritarian president, Getúlio Vargas, with fascist sympathies, Brazil joined the war alongside the Allied powers; US airforce bases were established in the Northeast of Brazil, and US and Brazilian military units fought alongside each other in the Italian campaign.
In 1946 Dutra was elected president, strengthening economic and political ties between the USA and Brazil at what was the beginning the Cold War era. Noted for his very pro-American positions, outlawing the Communist Party and breaking off relations with the USSR, Dutra was invited to visit the USA. Apart from a few days in Washington, D.C. (where Dutra addressed Congress) and in New York City (where he inspected the construction site of the United Nations Headquarters), the president spent most of his time in Tennessee. There he participated in a programme that included meeting with officials of the Tennessee Valley Authority (a prominent regional development initiative), opening Vanderbilt University's Institute of Brazilian Studies and visiting the village of Brazil.
Plans for Dutra's Tennessee visit had caught the attention of Don Bolt, a popular commentator and lecturer on Latin American affairs and a native of Brazil, Indiana. The Brazilian president was sent an invitation to visit "the clay products center of the world", but whether due to pressure of time or lack of interest, nothing came of it. Nevertheless, contact between the two Brazils was pursued, and soon Brazil's ambassador to the USA, Maurício Nabuco, visited the Indiana town. It was from these contacts that the idea emerged for the Brazilian government to offer Brazil, Indiana, a monument as an expression of Brazilian-American friendship and common interests.
In 1950 the Brazilian sculptor Tito Bernucci was selected to produce a replica of the Chafariz dos Contos, or the Fountain of the Tales, the mid-18th century original of which is located in Ouro Preto, a colonial-era gold mining town in Minas Gerais that since 1937 had been protected as a Brazilian national monument.
Built of plastered sandstone, the Baroque-style Chafariz dos Contos was created to provide water for humans, mules and horses. Why it was decided to produce a copy particular monument is, like so much connected to this story, unclear. Perhaps someone imagined that the two were vaguely connected with respect to their mining histories – or perhaps, like the naming process for the town century before, it was an appropriately random decision.
The original Chafariz dos Contos in Ouro Preto.
For his fountain, Bernucci used brick and sculptured granite, reproducing the twists and turns of two large and wide-hewed volutes, the central space that incorporated a large shell supported in a carved bowl. The completed structure weighed 62 tons (some 56,000 kilograms), measured 26 feet (8 metres) high and 40 feet (12 metres) long and bore the inscription "From the Republic of Brazil, a token of friendship to her namesake the city of Brazil, 1954."
"From the Republic of Brazil / A token of friendship to her namesake the City of Brazil / 1954"
In December 1953, Homar E. Capehart, US senator for Indiana, visited Brazil while on a two-month study tour of Latin America as chairman of the Senate Committee on Banking and Currency. While in Rio de Janeiro he attended a ceremony, presided over by President Getúlio Vargas (who previously had governed as a dictator, but was now Dutra's elected successor) to accept the monument.
The following April, George H. James, the editor of the The Brazil Times, also visited the Brazilian capital, delivering President Vargas an invitation from the mayor of Brazil and the governor of Indiana to attend the fountain's inauguration. Vargas expressed polite interest and promised to send a representative. Under Vargas, however, relations between Brazil and the USA grew increasingly strained, while his government became mired in political and economic difficulties. As pressure from the army mounted for Vargas to resign, the politically isolated president spiralled into a state of deep depression, and in the early hours of 24 August 1954 he committed suicide, shooting himself through his heart.
Over the following 18 months, a succession of four different presidents were sworn into office. Hardly surprisingly, the least of the concerns for the authorities in Rio de Janeiro was a gift for a small town in the US Midwest. Not until 1955 were the 104 crates containing the monument dispatched, sent by ship to Baltimore and then transported onwards by rail to Indiana. After delays that had stretched into years, the new Chafariz dos Contos reached its permanent home, where it was erected at the entrance to Forest Park, Brazil's main recreational ground, located alongside State Road 59, on the south side of town.
Now that the monument was finally in situ, what was needed was a suitably grand unveiling: the civic authorities believed that a celebration, the likes of which had never been staged in the Midwest, would put Brazil – that is, Brazil, Indiana – on the state, national and international maps. Celebrations were planned to take place in the afternoon and evening of Saturday, 26 May 1956, and plans to cover the event in detail were made by staff of the The Brazil Times for the federal government's United States Information Agency (which, in turn, would supply reports to Brazilian newspapers) as well as by reporters and photographers coming from Indianapolis, Chicago and other metropolitan centres.
The Stars and Stripes flutters alongside the Chafariz dos Contos.
A parade – something that small towns in both America and Brazil do so well – was to be a central public element of what would surely be the first ever Brazilian-American festa to be staged in the Midwest. A theme of "Ordem e Progresso" (Order and Progress), Brazil's national motto, was decided on, and for the big day the town was emblazoned with blue, green and yellow Brazilian flags, alongside red, white and blue banners of the USA. The parade, featuring floats sponsored by local clubs and businesses and civic and high school marching bands, was expected to take an hour to make its way from downtown Brazil to Forest Park. Meanwhile "jet planes" of the Indiana National Guard were set to stage a fly-past, and a plane chartered by the Brazilian Coffee Institute was to drop bags of coffee. Some 20,000 spectators were expected to line the route and gather for the unveiling of the Chafariz dos Contos, while thousands of free cups of coffee ("brewed by experts") and Brazil nut cookies were to be served – this being the 1950s – by members of the town's Business and Professional Women's Club.
Despite the careful planning, not all was in the control of the organising committee. After several days of beautiful weather, before daybreak on the Saturday torrential rain began falling, and it continued raining intermittently throughout the day. The organisers were despondent as they cancelled the parade and the celebrations at the park and grounded the planes.
After initially paring back the events to just a banquet for local and visiting dignitaries at the Elks Club, an important meeting place for local business and civic leaders, it was decided that this would be unfair to the public. Instead, coffee was served "under the difficulties of heavy rain" to people who insisted on gathering both downtown and at the monument, but the ceremony was transferred to Brazil's largest auditorium. There, lights and a public address system, strong enough to drown out the patter of rain on the roof, were hastily installed.
The musicians who were to parade through town had all been sent home, but a new band was speedily assembled at the auditorium. They naturally had no problem performing the American national anthem, but with barely any rehearsal time – and to the surprise of many – they "masterly" handled the "long and difficult" Brazilian anthem.
The guest of honour representing Brazil, South America, was João Carlos Muniz, the Brazilian ambassador in Washington, D.C. He was accompanied by seven embassy colleagues and – to the evident delight of a reporter from The Brazil Times – by the ambassador's "beautiful daughter", the Marquesa de Belmonte. The diplomatic party was joined by Brazilian students studying at various universities in Indiana and elsewhere in the Midwest.
As the rain pounded on the roof of the auditorium, Muniz delivered a speech praising the people of Brazil, Indiana, for his reception and paid particular tribute to two of his fellow guests who he said had done much to promote goodwill between the countries – Senator Capehart and to Don Bolt, "that live wire from Brazil, Indiana".
In the name of the Government and the people of Brazil, from whom I bring you a cordial message and greetings, I have the honor to salute the city of Brazil on this occasion of the dedication of the monument presented by my country as a token of friendship and symbol of the ties of mutual understanding which bind our two nations together. By a fortunate coincidence, the inauguration of the Chafariz dos Contos occurs on a date which is significant to the relations between our two countries, for it was exactly 132 years ago, on May 26, 1824, that the first diplomatic representative of the then Empire of Brazil was received officially in Washington, following the political recognition by President Monroe's government of the independence of Brazil. (João Carlos Muniz)
Although Muniz spoke at length about Brazilian history (and, specifically, the history of Ouro Preto, the colonial-era city "of which the Brazilian people are justly proud"), he was keen to emphasise the achievements of modern Brazil, specifically the steel mill of Volta Redonda, near Rio de Janeiro,"a monument to the future, marking the beginning of the economic independence of the country, which will also be a source of pride to generations still unborn".
This being a major event for such a small town, local and state dignitaries from the worlds of politics, education, business and religion were out in force. Mayor Ted McCoy, on behalf of the city, accepted the monument, while Governor George N. Craig spoke on behalf of the state.
We proudly accept the gift from the republic of Brazil in South America. You will never meet people who are more humble than you will find here, nor more fervent for peace and good will. Neither will you find people more vicious for furtherance of this freedom. We are happy to receive this splendid token and may the sun never set on the friendships of these two great peoples. (George N. Craig)
Senator Homer E. Capehart, who had visited Latin America and regarded himself as something of an expert regarding Brazil, said that he considered the future development of South America as being of vital interest to the people of North America, offering the potential of hundreds of thousands of new jobs.
I say to you that none can tell how important to the future of both nations is the presence here today of the Brazilian Ambassador to the United States, representing the President of his great nation. The citizens of the city of Brazil, Indiana, are to be congratulated upon the magnificent job they have done in arranging this wonderful event. As their United States senator, I pledge to them and to the President, the Ambassador and the people of the nation of Brazil my continued 100 per cent cooperation in furthering the fine relationship that is vital to the future of both of our countries. (Homer E. Capehart)
Telegrams from President Dweight Eisenhower, Vice-President Richard Nixon and from Vice-President João Goulart of Brazil were read out, all expressing interest in the event and extending greetings. Local church leaders offered prayers. Following the speeches and readings, hundreds of people lingered to drink coffee being distributed by the busy members of the Business and Professional Women's Club who had been redeployed to the auditorium.
In the years immediately following the monument's inauguration, Brazil continued to receive a small but steady flow of Brazilian visitors, playing on the town's distinctive name and links with the Brazilian Embassy in Washington, D.C. For example, a group of Brazilian home economics teachers under the US government's Agency for International Development was directed to this rather ordinary Midwestern small town, as was a group of Brazilian bankers studying farm credit nearby at the Purdue University, while curious Brazilian students studying at Indiana University, just 50 miles to the southeast, occasionally stopped by. The Brazil Times was always keen to highlight such visits, to the extent of offering as a headline, on 2 May 1959, "Lone Brazilian spends the night here" after receiving a tip-off that an individual had booked into a local motel. No more gifts arrived from South America, though in 1969 the Brazilian Embassy sent the town, for no apparent reason, a Christmas tree.
Early 1960s sign that was along U.S. 40, welcoming visitors to Brazil.
Strangely, perhaps, local entrepreneurs rarely played on a newfound connection between the town of Brazil and the more exotic Brazil to the south. In the late 1950s visitors to town were welcomed by a large billboard boasting of the Chafariz dos Contos and adorned with an image of a vaguely Carmen Miranda-like figure balancing a bowl of tropical fruit on her head. There was also the Brazilian Bowling Lanes, opened in 1962, which had as a feature an illuminated palm tree, suggesting the Brazil to the distant south.
For a while there was discussion of opening a Brazilian-themed souvenir flower garden, store and café alongside the Chafariz dos Contos itself, but nothing came of the idea. (Instead, located alongside the monument, there is road named in honour of Maurício Nabuco, the Brazilian ambassador under whom ties between the two Brazils first developed. But even this small gesture is mistaken: on the street sign and on Google maps the ambassador's name is mis-spelled, reading "Nabuca Drive".)
While Brazil is an attractive enough town, with some handsome late 19th and early 20th centuries buildings constructed from local bricks and pleasant suburban homes with neatly trimmed lawns, it is hardly likely to attract people seeking a Brazilian experience. Still, with a little imagination, a visiting Brazilian might find something vaguely familiar on the menu of the rather good barbecue restaurant in downtown Brazil – though here, in southern Indiana, barbecue is represented by pulled-pork, smoked chicken and meatloaf, not the grilled meats of a typical Brazilian churrascaria. Perhaps the menu could be just slightly tweaked?
Pappy's Bar-B-Que in downtown Brazil.
The connections that briefly were brought about linking Brazil, Indiana with Brazil, South America, faded quickly. Today there's certainly no Brazilian presence in the town. It would have been nice to have discovered a "Brazilian-Brazilian" community, but there doesn't seem to be a single actual Brazilian living in Brazil, Indiana. All that exists of South America in this far flung Brazil is the replica of Ouro Preto's Chafariz dos Contos that was brought to Indiana at considerable diplomatic and logistical effort. Standing alongside what was intended as a permanent symbol of Brazilian-American friendship, is a single flagpole, flying the Stars and Stripes. The lack of a flagpole flying a Brazilian flag, combined with the fact that the fountain no longer functions, only emphasises that the town's name, like its transplanted Chafariz dos Contos, lacks like any real meaning.
A fountain without water.
BRAZILBrazil (IN)embassiesgold miningIndianaMidwestMinas GeraisOuro Pretoplace namesTennesseeUNITED STATES
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22 thoughts on "What's in a name? In the case of Brazil, Indiana, very little!"
Robert Parker Teel says:
Well, thank you Oliver Marshall! I enjoyed the twists & turns of this strange tale very much! Beautiful "slide show" and well-told.
(By the way, my home state, New York, has a Mexico, Cuba, Peru,etc. but somehow, no Brazil. Or an Oliver, for that matter. But it does have both an "Olive" and a "Marshall")
Thanks, Robert! I've sometimes thought about looking at places around the world called "Bristol" (my place of birth in England). I've been to Bristol, Vermont – I'm guessing that there's also a Bristol, New York. By the way, I've enjoyed your recent photo-based blog posts of your home area…but I hope that you also get to do some more travelling soon.
Absolutely, I learned to ski in Bristol,NY!
I've been posting photos of home, but I'm currently in Chile, teaching English. In a few weeks I'll be done and will travel around a bit before I head home. It is a beautiful country
You would be interested in the German influences in this region, although there's only a few vestiges in this town, Pucon, and haven't had much opportunity to talk to any older residents. I probably won't post any pictures from Chile until I'm back in the US
Robert: I for one certainly look forward to any future Chilean posts of yours!
marcislindsay says:
Cool. Vienna, Virginia, where I live, is named after Vienna, New York, which may be named after the city in Austria. I've never bothered to find out. In fact, when people ask me how to spell "Vienna," I usually answer "like the city in Austria." This being the United States, I then get a blank stare.
Or you could confuse people even further by spelling it "Wien" – using the "correct"(German) name!
gracaliteraria01 says:
Very interesting article about a curious diplomatic story involving two completely different huge countries and two lovely towns: Brazil, Indiana, and Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais.
Thanks, Graça. True, the US and Brazil are both huge – and they have a surprising amount in common. As for Brazil, Indiana and Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais….all that I can say is that I doubt that the former will be granted by UNESCO World Heritage status any time soon!
Bob Pell says:
The band that played the Brazilian anthem that day is the Jackson Township Community Band which still exists, and still has the music. A grant has been received to study the renovation of the fountain which in my lifetime never really worked very well. Donations may be sent to Clay Community Parks Association, Inc. http://www.insideindianabusiness.com/story/32231894/study-to-focus-on-brazilian-fountain
Thanks for your comment. I guess that there must be some (now elderly) people still around who have memories of the celebrations of 60 years ago. It's good that efforts are being made to restore the fountain. Maybe a grant will also be sought to pay for a second flag pole from which the Brazilian flag will fly!
Vivian Meek says:
I considered your article rude and degrading. I grew up in Brazil, Indiana and had a safe and happy childhood. It seems to me your article, and I use that term loosely, paints a picture of a small town not worthy of existence. Perhaps you should return to merry ole England and bash a few towns there.
I'm sorry that you regarded this blogpost in such a negative way. I really cannot see how the post might suggest that I feel that Brazil, Indiana, is somehow not worthy of existence. The post simply relates to the distinctive name of Brazil, Indiana and to a small episode in diplomatic history involving a place that briefly became a symbol of friendship between two important countries. It's true that places sometimes owe their names to random decisions and this is strikingly the case for Brazil, Indiana. As far as the naming process is concerned of what would eventually be your hometown, there was not even the remotest connection with the country that inspired the name. Such a lack of a connection remained true for most of the town's existence. Despite this, I felt that it was rather interesting how, for a relatively short period of time, your small Midwestern town forged links with South America's largest country.
I also grew up in Brazil, IN. The author did an amazing job playing-up the intricacies of Brazil, IN and making an otherwise quiet, aimless, and depressive town look remotely interesting. Ask any Brazil-billy and they'll tell you: there's not much to do in Brazil. We used to have a skating rink a long time ago but that's long gone. Then there's the rotation of gaming stores that kept going out of business, the ones that had the rampant drug problems with the high-school drop outs in the back. Bravo to the author for making this dusty old town look lively and showing off its better traits.
Thank you, Tyler, for your interesting – and dryly amusing! – insights into Brazil, Indiana. I've only visited your Brazil twice and what attracted me was simply to investigate the story of the town's name. But based on my admittedly short visits, it's obvious that Brazil has seen better days. That's not to say that its imposing public buildings and rather charming-looking main street aren't well-cared for, but simply that the economic basis of the town has largely collapsed. Hopefully Brazil finds a way forward, but it may suffer being located just on the doorstep of Terre Haute, a much more economically and culturally dynamic town.
Just like the article, you rattled on and on while saying nothing! You are correct when you state it relates to a 'small episode,' while most of the population of the town and surrounding area were more concerned with daily life than the name of the town. You obviously do not understand rural America. Like a lot of rural towns in America during the fifties era, what made the town thrive basically 'ran dry.' The 'not worthy of existence' comment stems from all the negative comments made in the article, 'the fountain doesn't work, there should be another flag pole, barbecue is different, etc.' So speaking as a person who grew up in ' a rather ordinary small Midwest town' (your words) and my opinion only, you should concentrate on writing articles about places where you have actually lived and can relate to.
Joao Nascimento says:
That's so interesting! I am a Brazilian and always wondered about the history of Brazil, IN. Thanks for sharing; it was really interesting. Now, whoever is born in Brazil, IN, is a "Brazilian"? I wonder if this puzzles people when they ask and see a very white "Brazilian"? Lol
Thank you, João, for your comment – it's nice to hear that I wasn't the only person curious about Brazil, IN. Apparently the inhabitants refer to themselves (and are referred to by as others) as "residents of Brazil" or "inhabitants of Brazil" – and only rarely as "Brazilians". That's a pity t as given the fact that the Brazilian (SA!) diaspora is huge in the States (including, certainly, in Indianapolis and some of Indiana's college towns), there would then have been the possibility of the existence of the odd "Brazilian-Brazilian"! (I am not, as the previous commentator seems to believe, making fun of the town – it's simply that it's rather fun that there's a Brazil in Indiana!) Where, by the way, do you live: in the US or in Brazil, SA?
Meu nome é Lucas e foi bem legal conhecer a história dessa cidade…e bom é engraçado saber que existe cidades em outros países com o nome do seu país e dado em homenagem a ele..
Joe McGuirk says:
I grew up in Brazil IN and was 12 when the Chafariz dos Contos fountain was dedicated in Forest Park. It was a big deal for the city. Like Virginia Meek, the tone in Marshall's story is offensive to me. Even his apology is offensive. Why waste a good collection of information about Brazil by insulting current and former residents? (e.g., the title of the story.) Marshall's tone reminds me of a song written by Alan Barcus, my high school track coach who lived in Brazil during the 60's. It's title is The Critic's Lullaby, and if you have Spotify, you can hear it at https://open.spotify.com/track/28ECTJS6kLgIgVnLSq7Ir3?si=yT4GVFyuSbODRKV8JW-0ZA. By the way, a $50,000 project is underway to give the fountain a facelift. But the project doesn't include a second flagpole for the Brazilian SA flag. I've offered to chip in some money for this flagpole. Hey Marshall, want to help out?
Paulo Urbano says:
Hi Marshall, nice story.
Greetings from a Brazilian.
Thank you, Paulo! (Am I right to assume that you're a Brazilian from Brazil, South America and not a "Brazilian" from
Indiana?)
Leonardo Bibiano says:
Amazing history Marshall, congratulations! I am brazilian, and I have always been interested in knowing the history of the city with the same name as my country. Here in Brazil, some television reports were made, but only visiting the city and showing the existence, but without much information about its history. It is sad that there is no presence of Brazilian immigrants in the city, it would certainly be a source of pride for many of us to have a place with the name of our country and with our characteristics!


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Q: Defining addition of vectors of different dimensions While doing real data analysis I came up with a problem. I have given lots of efforts to solve it and could not succeed.
Here is the problem:
Suppose, we have a set of vectors $X_1,X_2,\ldots,X_n$with dimension $1,\ldots,n$, respectively.
I want to define a notion of addition between two vectors of different dimensions which will be consistent with the usual vector addition in a n-dimensional vector space (that is componentwise addition of two same dimensional vector).
Here is some of my try:
Suppose $X=x_1$ and $Y=(y_1,y_2)'$ (prime denote transpose) than I define $X+Y=(x_1+y_1,x_1+y_2)'$.
Again if $X_1=x_1$ and $Y=(y_1,y_2,y_3)'$ then $X+Y=(x_1+y_1,x_1+y_2,x_1+y_3)'$
and if $X_1=(x_1,x_2)$ and $Y=(y_1,y_2)'$ then $X+Y=(x_1+y_1,x_2+y_2)'$ (usual vector addition).
But if $X_1=(x_1,x_2)$ and $Y=(y_1,y_2,y_3)'$ then how to define the addition between this two vectors such that this operation is consistent with the usual vector addition? And how to proceed for the other vectors of different dimensions.
Any idea or useful references will be gratefully appreciated.
Thanks in advance.

A: The easiest way to do this is to extend $X = (x_1, x_2)$ to $X' = (X_1, x_2, 0)$ (and otherwise just always extend vectors with as many zeroes as you need). The resulting space is infinite dimensional, and it is in some sense the "smallest" infinite-dimensional vector space construction there is. Polynomials, for instance, work this way if you ignore multiplication.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Entertainment / Entertainment
Queen honours 'The Crown' actress Olivia Colman
08 June 2019, MVT 13:55
(FILES) In this file photo taken on October 18, 2018 British actor Olivia Colman poses upon arrival for the UK premiere of the film "The Favourite" during the BFI London Film Festival in London. - Oscar-winning actress Olivia Colman, who will perform Queen Elizabeth II in the series "The Crown", was honored by the Sovereign for her contribution to the influence of British culture. (Photo by Anthony HARVEY / AFP)
Oscar-winning actress Olivia Colman, who will play Queen Elizabeth II in "The Crown", was honoured by the monarch on Saturday for her services to British drama.
Colman, 45, was awarded the CBE by the sovereign to mark her 93rd birthday, which is officially celebrated in Britain on the second Saturday in June.
Colman headed a list of stars -- and everyday heroes -- made commanders (CBE), officers (OBE) or regular members (MBE) of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire, the main order of chivalry.
"I'm totally thrilled, delighted and humbled to be in the company of these incredible people, most of whom have been nowhere near as visible as I have, but should be -- and hopefully now will be," she said.
Colman won this year's best actress Academy Award for her role as Queen Anne in "The Favourite" and will next portray Queen Elizabeth in season three of "The Crown".
Of playing the two, she said: "I find the harder is Queen Elizabeth because everyone knows what she looks like, everyone knows what she sounds like," she said.
"I am loving trying to play her."
- Gong for Grylls -
TV adventurer Bear Grylls, who also leads the Scouts in Britain, was made an OBE for his services to young people.
Author Lee Child, whose action hero Jack Reacher has been played on screen by Tom Cruise, received the CBE, as did fellow novelist Joanna Trollope.
Sarah Waters, famed for her raunchy novels featuring lesbian protagonists, including "Tipping The Velvet", was made an OBE.
In the world of music, singers Elvis Costello and Feargal Sharkey were both given the OBE, accepting establishment endorsements far from their punk roots.
Songwriter Mitch Murray received the CBE.
He penned UK number one hits including "How Do You Do It?", "I Like It" and "The Ballad of Bonnie and Clyde", along with US number ones "I'm Telling You Now" and "The Night Chicago Died".
In sport, there were CBEs for former Manchester United chief executive David Gill and Philip Brook, the outgoing chairman of the All England Club which hosts the Wimbledon tennis championships.
Tony Allcock, the 17-times world bowls champion, received the OBE.
Scotland cricket captain Kyle Coetzer, former marathon world record holder Steve Jones, and the reigning Women's British Open golf champion Georgia Hall were given the MBE.
- Snack supremo knighted -
Boyd Tunnock, 86, who in 1956 invented Scotland's cherished Tunnock's Teacake chocolate-coated marshmallow and biscuit snack, was knighted.
"I'll just have to make sure I live long enough to get used to it," the new Sir Boyd said.
Carolyn Fairbairn, director general of the Confederation of British Industry main business lobby group, was made a dame -- the female equivalent of a knighthood.
Comedian and presenter Griff Rhys Jones received an OBE.
The British honours system rewards individuals' bravery, service or achievement in their field.
Nimco Ali and Doctor Leyla Hussein, who were both victims of female genital mutilation as children, were given OBEs for their efforts in combating the practice.
Seven Holocaust survivors received the British Empire Medal (BEM) for services to Holocaust education.
Some 1,073 people were on the birthday honours list, 75 percent of whom were rewarded for outstanding work in their local communities.
The oldest recipient was John Haymen, 100, while the youngest was 17-year-old Richard Collins. They both received the BEM for community services.
London, United Kingdom | AFP
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Golf | July 20, 2015
Day confident of major title
The 27-year-old has finished runner-up three times, third once and now fourth twice after leaving short a birdie putt at the 18th which would have got him into a play-off in the Open at St Andrews.
"I've been working very hard to try and accomplish my first major and, you know, it's a little frustrating with how it finished," said Day, who only last month was struck down with vertigo at the US Open but recovered to finish in a share of ninth.
"But I've been in contention at major championships a lot now and it just shows I'm doing the right things and I can't look at it as a negative.
"I'm just a little frustrated. Give it time so I can just sit down and look at what the positives were and move on from there and just try and get better.
"I played really good golf this week and I can't be disappointed by it.
"I really did the right things to give myself the opportunity at getting into the play-off and having a shot at winning my first major.
"I really want to have that shot at immortality. It'll soon come my way. I've just got to be patient with it."
Home Golf Day confident of major title


Using ArcEditor 10.0, I am trying to resurrect the old script in Arc 9, Create Features From Textfile, which used to import textfile coords into a feature class using a script in ArcToolbox accessed from within ArcMap.
I can import the script to a new Toolbox and run it from ArcCatalog in Arc 10, but in the dialog displayed by the script, the box for the output feature class path/shapefilename is pre-populated with the path to Default.gdb in my user profile. If I clear this then go back to copy the input box, the moment I click in the input box then the outbox default contents reappear again. I know there has been a lot of ESRI-forum traffic about location for the Default.gdb, but I am not even using a geodatabase - just going from .txt to .shp with the same root name.
What I want is simply for the featureclass dialog box to be pre-populated with the same path/filename as input/navigated to for the input text file, with the extension changed from .txt to .shp. On the odd occasion I need to change the output path/filename I can then do that in the output box hopefully. If however this Default.gdb business stops this being possible, for second-best option what is the Python code to directly create the featureclass, hardwired to input path/filename plus .shp, avoiding the dialog output box altogether?
There is a hierarchy to the scope of environment settings; setting environments within a script or custom tool is the lowest in the hierarchy.
Also, tool parameter validation (of which the "pop" of paths you are observing is a part) happens before your script starts, so setting arcpy.env.workspace setting in the script will not affect which path "pops" in the dialog. If you want to have the path "pop" to T:/Data/Survey_Shapes you need to either set your environment current workspace to that path in ArcCatalog, or using the environments button on the tool -- or modify the tool validation python code (in the script tool properties validation tab) to populate the same path as the input.
Rather than **** with the validation to fill in paths, I go with the flow and set the current workspace in ArcCatalog/ArcMap to where I'm working so the script tool will have the maximum flexibility. That's my recommendation.
As you suggested, you could just remove this parameter from the script and generate the output path within your python script, but this makes your script not work very well within ModelBuilder. I also don't recommend naming two objects (your example: output.txt, output.shp) the same thing -- this can cause confusion when scripting and even in your directory listing.
I appreciate your advice on environment settings, but I cannot really use these in practice in my case, because I am constantly in and out of new map documents every few minutes, testing some data shapes, then starting a brand new map doc, etc., at which point I seem to lose the previous settings.
Could you please tell me why this does not replace the default setting in my output dialog box, which still resolutely shows my user profile path, unchanged.
I'm also interested in learning how to use the Tool Validator class to update the default geodatabase so that output feature class paths are updated to match the input feature class paths. I've searched through the Tool Validation help documentation, but can't seem to find clear instruction or examples of how to do this. Any guidance would be greatly appreciated.
the behavior of the tool's dialog."""
"""Setup arcpy and the list of tool parameters."""
called when the tool is opened."""
parameter.  This method is called after internal validation."""
...but this means virtually rewriting the Arc 9.1 script to 10.0, which I found impossible due to my novice Python skills. In order to catch this error before commiting the tool to failure, this setting should be in the ToolValidator but I cannot find it spellt out exactly where it should be placed. I tried _init_ and updateParameters(self) functions, to no avail.
In the Resource Centre under Customizing Script Tool Behaviour, (http://help.arcgis.com/en/arcgisdesktop/10/0/help/index.html) it says checking of output datasets is an internal validation depending on the setting of overwriteOutput (which should be placed where???), and if it's False you get an error and True you just get a warning of overwrite. This is NOT true. The tool either fails as above, or a pre-existing output file of the same name gets overwritten without warning.
My mods to updateMessages(self) don't actually do anything, but illustrate something I tried. ESRI should write some detailed instructions for migrating this tool (and the rest of the Samples library) to 10.0, but as they've been deprecated, I won't hold my breath. I cannot believe we are the only company needing to import/export textfile data in this fashion - using a format devised by ESRI after all! Perhaps some other customer has already solved this?? Under Arc 9 the tool worked brilliantly - if your output file existed you got a red warning on the dialog outbox BEFORE hitting OK.
Thank heavens for Google, otherwise I wouldn't have got this far.
This removes having to continually input the same character, as a separate parameter, each time you run the tool. If the decimal character is a comma in your region, change to that instead. In the lines where you run getparametersastext to input outputFC, outputSR, change the digits to 1,2 respectively (as we've removed the decimal character input).
In the script tool Properties>Parameters, set the three parameter Data Types as Text File, String, and Spatial Reference respectively.
Save the updated Validator script and hit Apply, then OK. You should then be able to run the script to import ESRI-format text files into shapefile Feature classes. The behaviour of the tool as described will just give a warning over output shapefile name if such exists, but you can go ahead and optionally pick Spatial Ref for the feature class, click OK, and the shape with that name will be overwritten without further ado. Alternatively, change the output name to a new file - when you click in the Spatial Ref box the output warning message will disappear.
Hopefully this will help anyone struggling to update this tool to 10.0, or in fact any of the old Samples toolset.
Many thanks to Curtis Price taking the time to try and help me earlier.


There are activities to do when aiming to formally start and maintain your company's online visibility. It is not a one-time work that we begin and drop—create a website now and never update it; post on Facebook today and then months after (or never); opened an Instagram account and share a single blurry photo. Remember to keep the effort consistent with a strong foundation on a well-thought digital marketing strategy. Your brand's tone has to echo across all your initiatives and needs to be integrated to push oneness.
I've seen a lot of people who get frustrated easily, saying they made a post now or their website went live last month and then nothing happens… but bottomline is, what are your campaign objectives? Why are you using these platforms? What is your timeline? How will you measure success? Plan your steps ahead and plan it properly. Have a clear picture in mind of what your product is all about and establish a crystal-clear view of your customers. Define a real and human way on how to converse with the people you have identified as you bring your service closer to them.
Build a website that is SEO-driven and write a blog post. Monitor your site visitors' behavior using Google Analytics and Search Console.
Write a weekly content plan, produce quality images, set the post, schedule a boost, and tweak your messaging according to Insights.
Gather and clean your database, occasionally blast a relevant email, and always check the result of your campaign.
These are not the only approach to consider, there are many more strategies to explore but listed here are the initial to-do's. Be open to learning. Ask help, seek guidance if you must, and stay rooted on your goals.


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Hungarian railway companies turn to diesel in despair of electricity price 30/09/22
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Source: https://www.railfreight.com/railfreight/2022/09/30/hungarian-railway-companies-turn-to-diesel-in-despair-of-electricity-price/
Hungarian railway companies turn to diesel in despair of electricity price
Hungarian railway companies that were almost completely operating on electricity have had to return to diesel traction, due to the dramatic increase of energy prices. In a country where more than 90 per cent of rail freight was carried out with electric traction, this is a major setback, says the Hungarian railway association Hungrail, and therefore it has submitted a list of proposals to the Ministry of Technology and Industry.
"One of the competitive advantages of rail freight was that the companies were able to offer their services based on medium and long-term contracts. Recently, this has completely disappeared. For rail to be seen as a predictable and planable mode of transport again, a first round of proposals was submitted", Hungrail explains.
Because of the high electricity prices, it is important that railway companies can procure electricity on the basis of daily or longer-term purchases. Hungrail therefore proposes that the procurement of traction energy is possible for at least a quarterly period. In the case of favorable prices, the conditions for longer-term procurement should be met, it says.
In line with this, the infrastructure operator should make the traction energy prices known to the contracting railway companies at least 30 days before the given quarter, so that the companies do not find out afterwards what traction energy price they paid to perform their task.
Most favourable price
Hungrail also proposes that infrastructure managers work together with the ministry, which exercises ownership rights, to obtain electricity at the most favorable price available on the market.
And, a framework for independent energy procurement should be developed and established by the beginning of 2024, so that, in contrast to the current situation, railway companies can manage the risks arising from energy procurement and, where appropriate, purchase the amount of electricity needed to run a train at a more favorable price. In order to streamline all of this, Hungrail offers to set up a working group with the ministries involved.
Dramatic price increase
The energy prices for rail in Hungary have seen a tenfold increase, according to Hungrail. The impact of this increase is more dramatic than in other European countries due to the procurement procedure in Hungary. Railway companies and operators have had to adjust their pricing multiple times, and some are reported to have cancelled services that had become unprofitable.
But also in other European countries the impact on rail is high. According to a survey of the Community of European Railway and Infrastructure Companies (CER) on electricity prices, railway companies are paying up to 420€ per megawatt hour (MWh) in 2022. On average, the electricity price has at least tripled compared to 2021. Railway companies currently struggle to plan for 2023 as many energy contracts need to be re-negotiated and the price is now forecast in some cases to exceed 500€/MWh.
EU proposals
On a EUropean level too, proposals have been made in support of the railway industry. CER has just put forward a number of proposals to all EU Ministers. Firstly, railways must be included in a strategic toolkit for saving energy. Member States should pursue a holistic approach in introducing demand reduction targets and promote the energy-efficiency-first principle in prioritising the sector for energy consumption.
The European Commission proposal on capping the price of low-cost electricity such as wind, solar, and nuclear is a good step, but the €180/MWh ceiling is considerably higher than the electricity price before the crisis, according to the CER. The price cap should therefore be lowered. Finally, Member States should take into consideration rail's high exposure in the electricity market when allocating the surplus revenues resulting from the application of the cap.
Free webinar on Hungary
Do you want to hear more about Hungary and the high energy prices? Today, Friday 30 September, we organise a free webinar about the Rail Freight Potential of Hungary. It starts at 1pm. The speakers are:
Ádám Tálosi , member of the board at East West Gate
Thomas Palecek, RTSB
Akos Ersek, UIRR
Bíró Koppány Ajtony, mlszksz


I am pleased to announce that Custom Profile has been chosen as one of the winners of the Best and Brightest in Wellness competition. Attached is the press release that was sent out yesterday announcing the winners!
We are very proud of this accomplishment and are excited about learning the best practices from the other winners to enhance what we currently do at Custom Profile, including annual flu shots and offering the Employee Assistance Program.


>> Thank you for looking.
>> is deprecated, use AVStream.codecpar instead.
>>> perhaps the example here can help ?
>>>         initialized encoder. That feels wrong.
>>> muxers is deprecated, use AVStream.codecpar instead.
>>> in the ctx but I am setting those dims.
>>>     Clearly I am not setting something, just haven't found it.


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Last edited by Kelrajas
2 edition of British fishing-boats and coastal craft found in the catalog.
British fishing-boats and coastal craft
Great Britain. Ministry of Education. Science Museum.
by Great Britain. Ministry of Education. Science Museum.
Published 1950 by H.M.S.O. in London .
Statement by E W White.
Contributions White, E W.
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Traditionally, many different kinds of boats have been used as fishing boats to catch fish in the sea, or on a lake or river. Even today, many traditional fishing boats are still in use. According to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), at the end ofthe world fishing fleet consisted of about 4 million vessels, of which million were undecked (open) boats.
Dunkirk, however, was a difficult location due to its shallow waters and lack of a deep-water port. This kept British warships from being able to approach close enough for a large-scale rescue. This led to the British Navy putting out a call for all shallow-draft vessels to join the British Navy in a mass evacuation of Dunkirk.
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Nokia CEO Stephen Elop was caught on tape not long ago saying "anything is possible" on the question is it possible that the company moves to Android at some point, for either its tablets or its phones. The PR team was quick to release a statement that he had been mistranslated.
Speaking in Australia the other day, Nokia's CEO let one slip again, when discussing the possibilities of releasing a tablet, and the eventual mobile OS it will use. "We haven't announced tablets at this point, but it is something we are clearly looking at very closely," he said, and then it became interesting. "Our first focus on what we look at is clearly in the Microsoft side," was the follow-up, while he again stated Nokia "would consider any option," for the horror of the PR people around, who advised he mention "but we have made no decision or announced nothing."
Whether these are deliberate efforts or just common sense "never say never" comments, remains to be seen, but in the meantime we can't wait for the rumored Nokia EOS Lumia phone with PureView Phase 1 camera to materialize and take the spotlight off any and all cameraphones out there.
While it's the obvious right answer, it's not something Microsoft wanted to hear, who gave serious backing to Nokia not to fall apart.
i am a big fan of MS & Nokia. but you misunderstood the relationship of the both. They both had nothing to celebrate of in the near future because they were rapidly fading away. conjunction of both have somehow saved both of 'em. If you take nokia and all the lumias out of the question you wont see that much WP devices in public. without nokia MS cant grow as mobile os, where on theother hand if nokia chooses to go to android it will be the end of monoply of android held by samsung !!!
Go Nokia! Make a tablet then make an iconic design just like the Lumia 800, 900, 920!
Not if they made strategical commitment with Microsoft. They only recently went full-Windows to separate themselves from the pack which is paying off right now; if they give up the exclusive status entering the saturated Android market dominated by Samsung, they not only risk a failure there, but falling behind on W8 front. As a customer I'd love a 41MP PureView Android with the screen tech of the 920, but from purely a business standpoint, I'd prefer Nokia staying with the platform they currently lead. A loss on both fronts would be the end of the company.
They turned profitable because they focused on one OS, would be foolish to go back what almost killed them, right?
A huge chunk of Nokia's profit last Q4 of 2012 came from the Nokia Siemens networks infrastructure. The lumia devices has very little to do with it. And it's Q4... consumers tend to spend more during the holiday seasons so we have yet to see if they'll still manage to have profit this Q1. About the topic, I would love to see a Nokia Android phone. WP8 is the only thing holding me back to love Nokia again.
Hi Peacekeeper...I'm interested to know what it is you don't like about WP8? I'm not judging here either way but I have only ever had Android phones up until a week ago when I upgraded to the Lumia 920 and I'm not looking back. I don't know why I like it so much...I think it's because it has the simplicity of IOS but with a better looking UI. Android is fantastic in as much as you can customize so much, but I think I analysed what I used mostly on the phone and how I used it and came to the conclusion that there were too many customization options. Glad to hear that you like the Nokia brand / phone though.
Why change the platform when they're doing good with it? However, Windows can come up with customizable home screens and translucent/opaque live tiles. Atleast a customizable option on WP series would do Microsoft some good.
Wendy, we're talking about Nokia here. They're as mature as they can get... Yes, they can do whatever they want...that is true, that's why i think Nokia can do something about WP. Like different UI's on top of Androids from different OEMs.
When you think about it, how exactly can they differentiate from one other? How can they be different UI's with tiles as the main focus? There are only so many things you can do with tiles after all.
You couldnt be more wrong, investment was never a problem for nokia when it comes to android.
I hope they don't make an Android tablet, there are tonnes and tonnes of those already. They should make an affordable Windows 8 one, that's still a rarity.
Nokia hardware and Jolla Sailfish OS? Please? Nokia? Please?
Than why the F3$K they let Meego go? If Nokia will use Android i will never buy a Nokia again!
Because if Nokia was--after all--going to use Android, then why the heck didn't they? Also a well developed, fully mature MeeGo would crush Android. Probably would have more impact than BB10 has now, being the first buttonless gesture-based UX, with Linux open source. It would have been a massive competitor for Android and would most definitely spank iOS as it is.
did you read my comment? if you read it, did you re-read it? and if you done that also, did you get it? cause it doesn't seem like it. i asked him why he hated android, i'm just curious to know.
You're assuming he hates Android period. I'm saying he might not like Android for Nokia because it would be stupid, and if they were going Android after all, why didn't they. But given his response, Android to him is laggy.