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H. P. Lovecraft was an American psychedelic rock band, formed in Chicago, Illinois, in 1967 and named after the horror writer H. P. Lovecraft. Much of the band's music was possessed of a haunting, eerie ambience, and consisted of material that was inspired by the macabre writings of the author whose name they had adopted. Combining elements of psychedelia and folk rock, the band's sound was marked by the striking vocal harmonies of ex-folk singer George Edwards and the classically trained Dave Michaels. In addition, Michaels' multi-instrumentalist abilities on organ, piano, harpsichord, clarinet and recorder provided the band with a richer sonic palette than many of their contemporaries.

The band was signed to Philips Records in 1967 and released its first single, "Anyway That You Want Me", in the early part of that year. Their first album, H. P. Lovecraft, followed in late 1967 and included what is arguably the band's best-known song, "The White Ship". The band then relocated to San Francisco, California, where they became a frequent attraction at various San Francisco Bay Area venues, including The Fillmore and the Winterland Ballroom. In 1968, a second album, H. P. Lovecraft II, appeared, but the group disbanded in early 1969.

Edwards and fellow original member Michael Tegza subsequently formed a new line-up of the band with the shortened name of Lovecraft, although Edwards left this new group before the first album was recorded. This second incarnation of the band released the Valley of the Moon album in 1970 and, after a further name change to Love Craft, the We Love You Whoever You Are album in 1975.

History

Formation and first album
The first line-up of H. P. Lovecraft was formed when the ex-folk singer George Edwards, who was working as an in-house session vocalist for Dunwich Records at the time, entered the studio to record a cover version of Chip Taylor's "Anyway That You Want Me" (a song that had recently been a UK hit for the Troggs).  Edwards had previously been a folk troubadour in Chicago, California, and Florida, and had released a commercially unsuccessful cover of the Beatles' "Norwegian Wood" on Dunwich in 1966.  He had also recorded a cover version of Bob Dylan's "Quit Your Low Down Ways" for the label, but this remained unreleased until the early 1970s.  For the "Anyway That You Want Me" session, Edwards was backed by members of the Chicago band the Rovin' Kind and was also joined by Dave Michaels, a classically trained singer and multi-instrumentalist with a four-octave voice, who Edwards had met while playing in a lounge jazz trio at a local Holiday Inn.

"Anyway That You Want Me" was coupled with "It's All Over for You", a George Edwards solo outtake from the previous year, and released as a single under the moniker of H. P. Lovecraft in early 1967 by the Mercury Records' subsidiary Philips.  The decision to release the single as H. P. Lovecraft, rather than as a George Edwards solo release, was made by Dunwich founders Bill Traut and George Badonsky, who were both fans of the literary works of horror writer H. P. Lovecraft and had, in fact, named Dunwich Records after Lovecraft's short story "The Dunwich Horror".  Edwards and Michaels were both enthusiastic about the band name, and after permission from Lovecraft's estate was secured, the duo set about recruiting other musicians to form a permanent line-up of the band.

Auditions were held in March 1967, which resulted in the recruitment of Tony Cavallari (lead guitar), Mike Tegza (drums), and Tom Skidmore (bass).  Skidmore soon departed the band, however, and was replaced by Jerry McGeorge, who had previously been a guitarist for Chicago band the Shadows of Knight.  McGeorge had seen H. P. Lovecraft perform a number of times at a Chicago dance club called The Cellar, and although he considered himself primarily a guitarist, he accepted Edwards' offer to join the group as their new bassist.

With Michaels and Edwards as the creative driving forces behind the group, H. P. Lovecraft began to develop a blend of folk rock and psychedelia, with a repertoire that encompassed contemporary and traditional folk songs and some self-penned material.  The band's sound was highlighted by the oddly striking harmony work that resulted from the juxtaposition of Edwards' folk-influenced singing and Michaels' operatic vocal phrasing, a blend that was influenced by folk singer Fred Neil's work with Vince Martin.  The band's music was made all the more unique by Michaels' virtuosity on organ, piano, harpsichord, clarinet, and recorder, which gave H. P. Lovecraft a much wider range of sounds and timbres than many of their contemporaries.

In late 1967, the band recorded and released their debut album for Philips, H. P. Lovecraft.  A cover of the traditional song "Wayfaring Stranger" was issued just ahead of the album as a single in September 1967, but it failed to chart.  The album itself was released some weeks later and although it also failed to reach the U.S. charts, it sold reasonably well over time.

Featuring a nine-piece orchestra and songs that exhibited a wide-ranging stylistic variety, H. P. Lovecraft was possessed of a haunting, eerie ambiance that lived up to the band's intention of making music inspired by H. P. Lovecraft's "macabre tales and poems of Earth populated by another race" (to quote the LP's back cover).  While the album did include a smattering of self-penned material, including the jazzy "That's How Much I Love You, Baby (More or Less)" and the vaudeville psychedelia of "The Time Machine", the majority of H. P. Lovecraft consisted of cover versions.  Among these covers were Dino Valente's hippie anthem "Get Together", Randy Newman's "I've Been Wrong Before", Travis Edmonson's "The Drifter", and the Fred Neil compositions "That's The Bag I'm In" and "Country Boy & Bleeker Street".  The centerpiece of the album, however, was the Edwards—Michaels—Cavallari composition "The White Ship", which was based on author H. P. Lovecraft's short story "The White Ship".  The six-and-a-half-minute opus, which featured baroque harpsichord passages, droning feedback, somber harmonies, and the chiming of a genuine 1811 ship's bell, has been described by music historian Richie Unterberger as having a "wavering, foggy beauty, with some of Michaels' eeriest keyboards."  The song became something of an underground FM radio favorite and was also issued in an edited form as a single, although it failed to reach the Billboard Hot 100.

Relocation and second album
H. P. Lovecraft embarked on their first tour of the West Coast in late 1967, establishing themselves as a live favorite with the hippies of San Francisco and Los Angeles.  In November 1967, Billboard magazine reported that the H. P. Lovecraft album had become something of an underground hit in San Francisco and had already sold 1,100 copies there.  In San Francisco the band were championed by concert promoter Bill Graham and this led to appearances at such high-profile venues as The Fillmore and the Winterland Ballroom.

After returning to Chicago briefly, the group embarked on an early 1968 East Coast tour, appearing at the Boston Tea Party, Philadelphia's Electric Factory, and concluding with an aborted engagement at New York's Cafe Au Go Go alongside Al Kooper's Blood, Sweat & Tears.  These obligations fulfilled, the group relocated to Marin County, California permanently in mid-February 1968 in an attempt to advance their careers.  Notable post-relocation performances were at the Fillmore and Winterland with Traffic, Salt Lake City's Utah State Fairgrounds Coliseum with Buffalo Springfield and the Youngbloods, Los Angeles' Whisky a Go Go with Colors, and in Palm Springs, appearing with the James Cotton Blues Band.

Eight weeks after the group's relocation, bassist Jerry McGeorge made his final appearance with H. P. Lovecraft at the Los Angeles Kaleidoscope on April 12–14, 1968.  He was replaced by Jeffrey Boyan, who had previously been a member of the Chicago band Saturday's Children.  Critic Jeff Jarema has noted that Boyan was an accomplished bass player with a strong singing voice and that his addition to the band improved their abilities as a live act considerably.  The band subsequently played West Coast concerts with the Grateful Dead, Jefferson Airplane, and Moby Grape, as well as with touring British bands such as Pink Floyd and The Who.  The band's prowess and imagination as a live act during this period can be heard on the Live May 11, 1968 album.  The live album, which, according to critic Ned Raggett, boasts "one of the best live recording qualities" for the period, was released in 1991 by Sundazed Records (Edsel Records in the UK) and was reissued in 2000.

In June 1968, H. P. Lovecraft decamped to I.D. Sound Studios in Los Angeles with engineer Chris Huston to record their second album.  Due to the intensive touring that the band had undertaken during the first half of 1968, there was a lack of properly arranged new material and consequently much of the album was improvised in the studio.  Huston was pivotal in enabling the underprepared band to complete the recording sessions and also created many of the album's psychedelic sound effects.

The album was released as H. P. Lovecraft II in September 1968, and, although it was less focused than its predecessor, it successfully expanded on the musical approach of the band's first album.  Among its nine tracks, the album included "At the Mountains of Madness", another song based on the works of the author H. P. Lovecraft (this time his 1931 novella At the Mountains of Madness).  The album also included a cover of Brewer & Shipley's "Keeper of the Keys", the Edwards-penned tracks "Electrollentando" and "Mobius Trip", a contribution from voice artist Ken Nordine, on the track "Nothing's Boy", and two songs written by Edwards' friend Terry Callier: "Spin, Spin, Spin" and "It's About Time".  Like the band's first album, H. P. Lovecraft II failed to sell in sufficient quantities to reach the U.S. charts.

Michaels left the band in late 1968, to return to university, and as a result, H. P. Lovecraft effectively collapsed in early 1969, with Tegza joining the band Bangor Flying Circus.  A successor group, Lovecraft, was formed in 1969 and included Edwards and Tegza from the original line-up, although Edwards departed from the group soon after its formation.  Edwards has subsequently undertaken production work and played in folk clubs under his real name, Ethan Kenning, occasionally reuniting with Michaels, who records and performs under his real name, David Miotke.

Lovecraft and Love Craft

After the breakup of H. P. Lovecraft, a spin-off band with the shortened name of Lovecraft was formed in late 1969 by George Edwards and Michael Tegza.  The new band's line-up included two recruits from the Chicago band Aorta: guitarist Jim Donlinger and bassist Michael Been.  Initially, it was hoped that Dave Michaels would also join the new incarnation of the band, but he withdrew and the group instead recruited keyboard player and singer Marty Grebb, previously of the Buckinghams.  After securing a recording contract with Reprise Records, Edwards pulled out of the project and returned to performing as a solo folk singer.

The remaining band members completed recording sessions for an album titled Valley of the Moon, and promptly headed out on tour, supporting the Boz Scaggs Band and later Leon Russell.  The Valley of the Moon album saw the group abandoning the eerie psychedelic ambiance that had characterized H. P. Lovecraft's music and instead featured a more laid-back, mainstream rock sound, somewhat reminiscent of Crosby, Stills & Nash or Uriah Heep.  By the time that Valley of the Moon was released, Lovecraft had split up and the album, along with its attendant single "We Can Have It Altogether", failed commercially and did not chart.

Following the demise of the band, Tegza rejoined Edwards in the band Elixir, playing a handful of shows in 1971, but never releasing any recordings.  Of the other ex-members of Lovecraft, Grebb went on to form the Fabulous Rhinestones and eventually developed a career as a solo artist and session musician; Been joined Jerry Miller and Bob Mosley (both ex-members of Moby Grape) in Fine Wine and recorded the self-titled Fine Wine album in 1976, as well as playing Bay Area clubs with Miller in a band called The Original Haze in the late 1970s, before going on to front the new wave band the Call during the 1980s and 1990s; and Donlinger recorded a number of solo albums and published an autobiography titled Space Traveller: A Musician's Odyssey.

In 1975, Tegza put together yet another variation of the group, this time a funk band with the name Love Craft, featuring vocalist Lalomie Washburn.  Love Craft released the We Love You Whoever You Are album on Mercury Records in 1975, but the record sold poorly and, as a result, the band were dropped by their label and disbanded shortly thereafter.  In 1980, Tegza and Love Craft guitarist Frankie Capek reunited to form a second version of the band, recruiting vocalist Marc Scherer and bassist Mark Gardner to complete the line-up.  With a repertoire consisting of contemporary pop music and older psychedelic material, the band garnered some label interest, but broke up before they had secured a recording contract, due to Scherer leaving the band.

Since then, Tegza has become a pastor and  lives in Eureka Springs, Arkansas. Scherer is currently signed to Frontiers, Italy and records with Grammy winner Jim Peterik of "Eye of the Tiger" fame. The Peterik/Scherer (PS) album Risk Everything was set for release in spring of 2015.

Despite the involvement of Tegza and Edwards in Lovecraft and Love Craft, neither band is regarded as being fundamentally connected to H. P. Lovecraft or its history, beyond the obvious similarities in names and shared members.

Literary references to the band
Science fiction writer Harry Turtledove makes frequent references to the band H.P. Lovecraft (sometimes only as "HPL") in numerous stories. In one short story, "The Fillmore Shoggoth," five historical members of HPL (including George Edwards as the viewpoint character) appear in a horror-adventure plot where Lovecraftian monsters attack the theater where they are performing.

Members
H. P. Lovecraft
George Edwards – vocals, acoustic guitar, electric guitar, guitarrón, bass (1967–1969)
Dave Michaels – vocals, organ, piano, harpsichord, clarinet, recorder (1967–1968)
Tony Cavallari – lead guitar, vocals (1967–1969)
Michael Tegza – drums, percussion, timpani, vocals (1967–1969)
Tom Skidmore – bass (1967)
Jerry McGeorge – bass, vocals (1967–1968)
Jeff Boyan – bass, vocals (1968–1969)

Lovecraft
Michael Tegza – drums (1969–1971)
Jim Donlinger – guitar (1969–1971)
Michael Been – bass (1969–1971)
Marty Grebb – keyboards, vocals (1969–1971)
George Edwards – vocals, guitar (1969–1970)

Love Craft
Michael Tegza – drums (1975–1976)
Lalomie Washburn – vocals, percussion (1975)
George Agosto – percussion (1975)
Craig Gigstad – bass (1975)
Mark Justin – synthesizer, keyboards (1975)
Jorge Juan Rodriguez – guitar (1975)
Frank Capek – guitar (1975–1976)
Shawn Christopher – vocals (1976)
Jeff Steele – bass (1976)
Theodis Rodgers – keyboards (1976)

Discography

Albums
H. P. Lovecraft (1967)
H. P. Lovecraft II (1968)
Valley of the Moon [as Lovecraft] (1970)
We Love You Whoever You Are [as Love Craft] (1975)
Live May 11, 1968 [live recordings] (1991)

Compilations
At the Mountains of Madness (1988)
H. P. Lovecraft/H. P. Lovecraft II (1997)
Two Classic Albums from H. P. Lovecraft: H. P. Lovecraft/H. P. Lovecraft II (2000)
Dreams in the Witch House: The Complete Philips Recordings (2005)

Singles
 "Anyway That You Want Me"/"It's All Over for You" (Philips 40464) (1967)
 "Wayfaring Stranger"/"The Time Machine" (Philips 40491) (1967)
 "The White Ship" (Part 1)/"The White Ship" (Part 2) (Philips 40506) (1967)
 "The White Ship"/"I've Been Wrong Before" (Philips BF 1639) [UK release] (1968)
 "Keeper of the Keys"/"Blue Jack of Diamonds" (Philips 40578) (1968)
 "We Can Have It Altogether"/"Will I Know When My Time Comes?" (Reprise 0996) [as Lovecraft] (1971)
 "I Feel Better"/"Flight" (Mercury 73698) [as Love Craft] (1975)
 "Ain't Gettin' None"/"We Love You" (Mercury 73707) [as Love Craft] (1975)

References

External links
 The White Ship: The Psychedelic Voyage of H.P. Lovecraft - fan site with an in-depth biography of the group.
  H. P. Lovecraft: An interview with George Edwards, Ptolemaic Terrascope, 1991
 H.P. Lovecraft: in-depth article at Vinyl Pandemic
 H. P. Lovecraft performing their song "The White Ship" on U.S. television in the late 1960s.

American psychedelic rock music groups
Musical groups from San Francisco
Musical groups from Chicago
Musical groups established in 1967
Musical groups disestablished in 1969
1967 establishments in Illinois
American folk rock groups
Rock music groups from Illinois


Savanna City is a Provincial priority-project, (a mega, private integrated project) which will provide more than 18 000 housing opportunities only 20 minutes from the Johannesburg CBD!
Experience the peace-of-mind that comes with estate living and suburban lifestyle.
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European Union: Inviting the Iranian Foreign Minister to Brussels to discuss preserving the nuclear agreement and urging the reduction of escalation in the Middle East
Bruxelles, Bruxelles#Iran
Mashhad, Razavi Khorasan Province
Vigil for Qassem Soleimani in Mashad, Iran
https://t.co/xqQuBi1lFw
Soleimani's body at Teheran airport, tonight
https://t.co/TOGYVPvc1X
CBP says re: viral tweet :" Social media posts that CBP is detaining Iranian-Americans and refusing their entry into the U.S. because of their country of origin are false. Reports that DHS/CBP has issued a related directive are also false."
Solemeini's body has arrived to Teheran
Safed,North District
Alert in northern Israel borders with Syria
Ramshir
Iranian missile forces on alert across Iran: Reuters citing US official
Khamenei: The loss of our dear General Soleimani is bitter. The continuing fight and ultimate victory will be more bitter for the murderers and criminals
[email protected]: These Media Posts will serve as notification to the United States Congress that should Iran strike any U.S. person or target, the United States will quickly & fully strike back, & perhaps in a disproportionate manner. Such legal notice is not required, but is given nevertheless
Footage of tonight's rocket attack on the US Embassy, Baghdad
https://t.co/lbkxGQBJ0K
Iranian government announces the 5th and final step in reducing Iran's commitments to the JCPOA. Iran no longer faces any restrictions in operational areas including enrichment capacity, enrichment level, enriched material stockpile, & Research and Development
Former Revolutionary Guards Commander Mohsen Razai warns: "Tehran's revenge for Suleimani's killing will include Haifa, Israel and military centers"
The Iraqi PM resigned because of Iranian interference - Pompeo
The Iraqi parliament votes to end the security agreement with the coalition forces. Votes to end the American military presence and confine arms to the state
Secretary of State Mike Pompeo declines to reveal intelligence about "imminent" threat by Soleimani leading to U.S. drone strike. "There are certain things you can't make public," to protect intel assets, Pompeo says
Jabal Lubnan
Nasrallah: Iran won't ask you to do anything - to act or not to act. But Resistance Axis forces must decide how to deal with Soleimani's death. So, if any Resistance Axis faction avenges his death, that their decision, and Iran isn't behind that
Iraqi lawmakers are demanding that the country be protected from Iranian interference in the event of a US troop exit
Nasrallah: Soleimani's assassination isn't an isolated incident. It's the beginning of new American approach to the region
Ahvaz, Khuzestan Province
Crowds of mourners take to the streets of Ahvaz, as Qassem Soleimani's body arrives in Iran ahead of his burial on Tuesday
https://t.co/W6H2XF29MZ
According to Iran foreign ministry, Tehran will decide tonight about its fifth step in reducing nuclear commitments
Iranian Foreign Ministry: Iran does not want war
Iran summons the Swiss envoy representing the interests of the United States in Tehran, to protest the American President's statements (on 52 targets)
The procession in Ahvaz has finished and Soleimani and Muhandis coffins are aboard a plane from Ahvaz to Mashhad, Iran
Britain: We will take all necessary measures to reduce risks for our soldiers and interests
Iranian foreign minister Mohammad Javad Zarif has posted a tweet saying "targeting cultural sites is a war crime" and the "end of U.S. malign presence in West Asia has begun" following an American airstrike in Baghdad which killed Qassem Soleimani and Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis
US President Donald Trump is "a terrorist in a suit", Iranian Information and Telecommunications Minister Mohammad Javad Azari-Jahromi says in a tweet
Marrat, Deir Ez-Zor Governorate
Deir Al-Zour: Two members of the Iran-backed Baqer Brigade were killed by a landmine in the town of Marat in the eastern countryside
[email protected]: The United States just spent Two Trillion Dollars on Military Equipment. We are the biggest and by far the BEST in the World. If Iran attacks an American Base, or any American, we will be sending some of that brand new beautiful equipment their way.and without hesitation
President Trump on Saturday warned Iran that if it retaliates for the killing of Qassem Soleimani, it risks facing U.S. attacks on 52 targets, including a number that are "at a very high level & important to Iran & the Iranian culture."
U.S. government website operated by the Federal Depository Library Program hacked and defaced by "Iranian hackers"
Turkey's President Erdogan urges Iranian President Rouhani to refrain from escalating tensions with US, offered condolences over military commander Soleimani's assassination due to his official rank and did not use 'martyr' to describe him- Turkish official speaking to TRT World
Najaf Governorate
PMF said in a statement, the remain of al-Muhandis's body will be buried in Najaf after conducting DNA test in Tehran, because - as the statement says - the remains of al-Muhandis, Soleimani and other one are mangled together
Trump says if Iran strikes any Americans, the U.S. will target 52 Iranian sites, including "very high level" targets
[email protected]: ..hundreds of Iranian protesters. He was already attacking our Embassy, and preparing for additional hits in other locations. Iran has been nothing but problems for many years. Let this serve as a that if Iran strikes any Americans, or American assets, we have
[email protected]: ..targeted 52 Iranian sites (representing the 52 American hostages taken by Iran many years ago), some at a very high level & important to Iran & the Iranian culture, and those targets, and Iran itself, WILL BE HIT VERY FAST AND VERY HARD. The USA wants no more threats
CNN: US officials gave possible Iran targets per US officials to CNN: US bases in Qatar and Kuwait, sleeper cells of Iran proxy actors in the US and Europe, Iran could hit US allies in Iraq and Middle East
According to Al-Mayadeen, Tehran informed an Omani envoy who arrived in Iran that it was not interested in any mediation, prompting the envoy to leave without meeting any Iranian officials
The White House notifies Congress that it expects an Iranian response to the killing of Soleimani within weeks
35 US sites plus TelAviv are within our missile range -Iranian commander
Reuters: German Foreign Minister plans to hold talks with Iran to try to calm the situation
Unidentified aircraft target the locations of Iranian militias in the Al-Suwayya area of Deir Ezzor
Al Bukamal
Pro-Iran forces base hit near Al Bukamal
Qais al-Khazali appeared in military uniform in Najaf for the first time since the killing of Qassem Soleimani and Abu Mahdi Muhandis
U.S Secretary of State @SecPompeo spoke today to Israeli PM @Netanyahu "to discuss the situation in Iraq as well as Iran's continued provocations and threats to the region": @statedeptspox
Two Royal Navy ships resume accompanying commercial ships in Strait of Hormuz - UK Defense Ministry
US Army send more military equipments to @82ndABNDiv in Iraq due to threats from Iran and PMF militias
NOW: Paratroopers assigned to 1st Brigade Combat Team, 82nd Airborne Division are departing Fort Bragg for the U.S. Central Command area of operations (Middle East), january 4, 2020
Equipment assigned to 1st Brigade Combat Team, 82nd Airborne Division is loaded into aircraft bound for the U.S. Central Command area of operations (Middle East) from Fort Bragg, N.C. on January 4, 2020
Pro-Iran faction urges Iraqi troops to 'get away' from US forces in bases
Iran-backed forces prevent the journalists in Najaf to cover the mourning of Qassem Soleimani and Abu Mahdi Al-Muhandis, hours ago
Iran's response will be comprehensive in the entire region - IRGC
Khamenei: To Martyr Soleimani's daughter, "Everyone is bereaved & grateful to your father. This gratitude is due to his great sincerity, since hearts are in God's hands. Without sincerity, ppl's hearts wouldn't have been with him like this. May God bestow His blessings on all of us."
Khamenei: To Martyr Soleimani's family, "You saw people in many cities come out in numbers, with devotion. Wait to see his funeral. These blessings are before us to see the value of suicide attack. What a blessing for Hajj Qasem. He achieved his dream."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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In regular commercials, these types of always see a chemical product. People are basically tricked into believing that this is their only option and which is actually keeps on going in the same direction.


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2021 November Council purchase of Haymarket Centre will generate funding for services
Council purchase of Haymarket Centre will generate funding for services
Company prosecuted over illegal storage of fireworks
Photo ID needed by voters in local elections
Praise for social care teams' work to safely discharge patients and avoid hospital admissions
Shoppers warned over Christmas scam websites
Published on Thursday, November 25, 2021
LEICESTER City Council is the new owner of Leicester's Haymarket Centre. The council has purchased the landmark shopping centre for £9.9m after securing a deal before the property went to market.
Funding for the purchase comes from a pot of £10m set aside for capital investment within the council's overall capital programme. This funding can only be spent on buying or improving buildings or highways, and not on running services.
Before purchasing the property, the council was a major tenant of the previous owners, contributing 19 percent of all revenues paid to them. It paid rent for the Haymarket car park, Haymarket Theatre, Haymarket House (sub-let to Travelodge) and Haymarket Health (sexual health clinic).
Savings from rent payments and the income generated from rent paid by other tenants will give the council an income to continue to support critical services.
The shopping centre will be a major addition to the council's Corporate Estate portfolio, which is worth more than £112m and includes buildings such as the Corn Exchange and Loseby Lane properties, but also 400 industrial units and 263 retail units, more than half of which are in neighbourhoods.
It also supports small businesses and start-ups by letting workspace at a low rent. However, the entire estate generates an annual income of more than £7m which the council uses to support services.
Leicester City Mayor Sir Peter Soulsby said: "This council has invested in property in Leicester for many generations. Unlike many other councils, we are continuing to invest in our own city, and these assets make a huge contribution to its economic prosperity.
"The Haymarket Centre is a significant and important addition to our holdings. It also fits in with our wider regeneration of this area, where we have already invested in a new bus station, the pedestrianisation of surrounding streets, and a new link road to St Margaret's bus station.
"Government cuts to our revenue budget mean that like all councils we face very difficult spending decisions in the coming months. Using our capital budget in this way will generate much-needed income that we can spend on jobs and services, and will also give us the opportunity to have a positive impact on the city centre and the many businesses and jobs it provides."
Built in the early 1970s, the Haymarket Centre is currently home to 65 shopping outlets. Major tenants include Matalan and B&M. The units leased by Primark, TK Maxx and Metro Bank are owned by another local authority outside the East Midlands.
The council will work with the current, experienced managing agents to operate the centre, whilst working on a medium to long-term plan looking at how its performance could be improved.
One-stop shop at libraries to help people into work
City to commemorate its fallen


The Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi in conjunction with the Aga Khan Health Service in Tanzania invites applications for the following positions to be based in Arusha, Tanzania.
The Incumbent will be acquiring and interpreting various types of medical images including Radiographs, CT and Ultrasound images to diagnose medical conditions.
Preparing written report of observation.
HOW TO APPLYTo formally submit your application please send an updated CV and testimonials, including the names, postal and email addresses, telephone/fax numbers of three professional reference to hr.tanzania@aku.edu or post your application to Aga Khan University, P.O.Box 125, Dar es Salaam.
The Aga Khan Development Network (AKDN) has contributed to health in Tanzania since 1929, working with government to support identified gaps in needs. Today, AKDN's health care activities in Tanzania includes employment of 1000 staff, over 460,000 outpatient visits annually, including nearly 1.2 million lab tests, 65,000 radiology investigations, and 7,000 surgeries annually across its facilities. Its nursing and midwifery programmes support strengthened health systems throughout Tanzania by upgrading nursing skills, improving the quality of health care and developing new and more professional nursing courses. Its postgraduate medical education programmes in family medicine, internal medicine and surgery contribute to increasing the pool of specialised human resources. Its community health programmes reach poor people, focusing on maternal and child health. In collaboration with the Government of Tanzania, it is currently expanding its integrated health network to double the number of beneficiaries of its programmes.


This broth is a delicious starter to any meal, or when you just feel like a very light lunch or supper. You can add some noodles, rice or tofu if you want a little more substance.
Combine the kombu and 400ml water in a saucepan. Leave it to sit for about 25–30 minutes, until the kombu softens, then bring to a simmer over a medium heat. Remove from the heat and discard the kombu. Add the bonito flakes, if using, and stir once to submerge them. Bring to a gentle boil, reduce the heat and simmer about 5 minutes. Remove from the heat and set aside.
Strain the dashi (your broth) through a sieve into a bowl. Clean the saucepan and then return the dashi to the pan. Drain the wakame and add it to the pan, then bring to a simmer and remove from the heat. Submerge a sieve in the broth, add the miso to the sieve and stir to liquify the miso then press through the sieve until the miso is dissolved into the broth.
Divide the soup among bowls and garnish with spring onions and baby leaves.
For the nori toasts, preheat the oven to 140°C (275°F), Gas Mark 1. Whisk the oil and tamari together and brush the shiny sides of the nori sheets. Sprinkle the Furikake and chilli flakes over the same side of the sheets. Place the sheets shiny side up directly on the middle shelf of the oven and bake for 15 minutes. Remove from the oven and leave to cool before enjoying.
Cookbook, Recipe, seaweed, soup, soup season, winter. Bookmark.


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Pauma Tribe offer Virtual Casino with a Twist
In an innovative attempt to attract gamblers to its Valley Centre, the Pauma Tribe of North County, California, are now offering online casino games.
State regulators are still deliberating whether the games are legal. A gambling watchdog group has also stepped forward to state that the games have no proper licensing.
Last month, the Pauma Band of Mission Indians, opened a virtual casino on their website. The games include video slot machines, card and table games. This is the first venture of its kind in the area. Players can gamble for fun or to win credits which can be redeemed at the tribes live casino. They have teamed up with GameLogic, the Boston based company to provide the online service. Now here is the twist, as long as there is no money changing hands, how can it be considered illegal?
Nelson Rose, a gambling law professor at Whittier Law School in Costa Mesa believes the tribe is offering a perfectly legal form of enjoyment.
He stated:
"If you can't lose, it's not gambling."
The US is the home of confusion over anything gaming related. It's a very sensitive issue. State gaming officials are not quite as sure of the legality as professor Rose.
One spokeswoman for the California attorney general's office claimed that they were unaware of the Pauma's Tribes' online gaming venture. The attorney general's office enforces the state's gambling regulations.
The state is now taking a keen interest in the Website. They are looking into the possibility that the games may be in direct violation of the terms of a gambling agreement signed by the gaming tribes. Under this agreement, tribes are unable to offer any form of gambling beyond their reservations. Not only is there a question mark over the legality of Pauma's online virtual casino games, but the state is also looking into an issue over proper licensing.
GameLogic, Pauma's partner, submitted an application for a vendor's license. This was confirmed by Anna Carr, spokesperson for the state Gambling Control Commission. Any company that sells games to the tribes must be state licensed.
Carr said that the GameLogic license was still being processed. To be approved, the company must go through stringent background checks.
Executive director, Cheryl Schmit of Stand Up, a gambling watchdog group, felt that the method used to present the games online was legal but the Pauma Tribe was still in breach of their agreement, until their receive confirmation of the state approved license. She said that the games should have remained unavailable to the public.
Schmit stated:
"They would need to be vetted by the Bureau of Gambling Control (under the attorney general's office) and approved by the Gambling Control Commission before they begin to play the game."
There was a similar case back in 2006 when the NIGC (National Indian Gaming Commission), a federal agency which oversees tribal gambling, took the view that similar games offered by GameLogic were legal because "no gambling is done over the Internet, nor does any money change hands that way."
One spokesperson for the group claimed that the games offered are of legal standing, they have already been approved, and already given the green light in several other states.
Joseph Guiste, the marketing director of Pauma's Casino, said that the online move was nothing more than a marketing ploy. Their only aim was to advertise the Casino through the games.
Guiste claimed:"It's really just a way for people to get involved and interact with us. People who play online play for longer periods of time at the casino."
The tribe have big future plans for their casino which includes a $300 million expansion. They have set out the blueprint for a 19 story hotel, and a further 2500 slot machines. The reservation is roughly 20 miles north of Escondido. They have the backing of their partners, the Mashantucket Pequots' Foxwoods Development Co.
Professor Nelson Rose, agreed that their new online games were a superb way to promote brand loyalty. He thought it was a great marketing ploy to give the players at the online casino a reason to return to the tribe's live casino.
The reason? To redeem the credits they won online.
Players can pick up special cards at the casino. They can use these cards to play for points. They can use the points when they return to the casino, and use the credits to play on the gambling floor.
Most people are familiar with shopping discount points. This system is very similar. The card keeps a track of consumer spending habits. It is an efficient method to use when deciding on what to concentrate on, and where to allocate their marketing efforts. The consumers are rewarded by receiving discounts.
Professor Nelson Rose, said:
"The funny thing is that these promotions work. I think it's very smart business."
The Pauma Tribe is only taking advantage of legitimate marketing methods. They could use this new online casino to build a more loyal player base. If online gambling laws are slackened, they will also have the foundations in place to build a successful online gambling business.
Rose also said that a bill introduced earlier this year to the state Legislature has made it possible for tribal governments and gambling establishments to offer internet poker.
"A bill introduced in the state Legislature earlier this year would have paved the way for gambling establishments and tribal governments to operate poker games on the Internet."
The state gambling regulators were asked in the Assembly Bill 2026, by Assemblyman Lloyd Levine, D-Los Angeles, to investigate what regulations would need to be put in place to legalize online poker. The bill was amended in August. The subject matter was changed to outdoor advertising.
Suzanne Graupner Pike, a problem gambling counselor, said that it was irrelevant whether gambling was legal or not. That the games still posed a risk. Her view was that the games would only encourage and promote addicting gambling habits due to the 24/7 availability of the internet.
Pike said:
"Online gambling is very addictive. This is scary."
Pike was also worried that children may also gain access to the games in fun mode. She felt that there are not enough restrictions in place. That anyone could play.
Guiste responded by saying that the casino does not endorse gambling in any form to minors. They also included a problem gamblers hotline to protect visitors, who visit their website.
Last year, the state released a study which indicated there could be as many as 1.2million compulsive gamblers in California, alone. In a 2006 report by the California Research Bureau, it was estimated that problem and pathological gambling costs the state $1 billion. Taken into account are costs relating to bankruptancy, crime and public health services.
People with gambling problems or who know individuals with gambling problems are advised to call the Problem Gambling Help Line, (800) 426-2537, or visit www.problemgambling.ca.gov.


The template editor is meant to create new gift card and voucher designs so that you can send to your customers. A template is required so that you can sell either a gift card or a voucher. So you or your graphics artist will need to become familiar with it. It is however a service that is only available to the account administrator for security reasons. So sub accounts will not be able to access it.
There are two different types of vouchers that you can create with the template editor. One type is for vouchers and one type is for gift cards. Each template type has different requirements and are of different sizes.
The purpose of the gift card template is just to give the gift cards a nice design. The image you create here will show up in the app if the template is selected when the customer buys a gift card. You can also assign this template to any promotional campaigns.
A gift card template creates a vector image that is 3inches x 2inches. As such the image is set to a proper gift card size. Obviously the image gets scaled when it is in the app. But when generating a physical gift card. The image is a standard credit card size.
Gift card templates do not have any special requirements other then the size. All the functionality to make the gift card work is on the back. So you can go crazy and create any design you want.
Voucher templates have certain requirements due to the fact that they are usually one sided. You can still provide a pretty creative design for vouchers. However, they require a QR code and a CCV element at the least. QR Codes and CCV elements are the bare minimum requirement to make a voucher template work in the system. You can also provide a description as the description tag will take the voucher description in the system and place it on the voucher.
The template editor provides a very rich tool to design your vouchers and gift cards. We recommend you take the time to lookat how this tool can help your brand and your company. We know it will let you improve your customer experience.


text:
Tsáda je mestece oz. večja vas s približno tisoč prebivalci na zahodnem delu Cipra. Nahaja se v okrožju Eparchía Páfou, v zahodnem delu države, 90 km zahodno od prestolnice Nikozije in 8 kilometrov severno od Pafosa. Tsáda stoji na 619 metrov nadmorske višine.

Sklici

Mesta na Cipru

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Двухщелево́й опыт в  является демонстрацией того, что свет и материя в целом могут проявлять характеристики как классических волн, так и частиц; кроме того, он отображает фундаментально вероятностный характер квантово-механических явлений. Впервые опыт был проведён Томасом Юнгом со светом в 1801 году. В 1927 году Дэвиссон и Гермер продемонстрировали, что электроны проявляют такое же поведение, которое позднее расширено на атомы и молекулы.

Опыт Томаса Юнга со светом был частью классической физики задолго до квантовой механики и концепции корпускулярно-волнового дуализма. Он полагал, что это продемонстрировало правильность волновой теории света. Его опыт иногда называют «щели Юнга».

Этот опыт относится к общему классу опытов с «двойным путём», в которых первоначальная волна разделяется на две раздельные, которые впоследствии снова объединяются в одну. Изменения длины пути обеих волн приводят к сдвигу фаз, создавая интерференционную картину. Другой версией опыта является интерферометр Маха — Цендера, который разделяет луч при помощи зеркала.

В базовой версии этого опыта источник когерентного света, такой как лазерный луч, освещает пластину с двумя параллельными щелями, и свет, проходящий через щели, наблюдают на экране за пластиной. Волновая природа света вызывает интерференцию световых волн, проходящих через две щели, создавая яркие и тёмные полосы на экране — результат, которого не должно было бы быть, если бы свет состоял из классических частиц. Однако всегда обнаруживается, что свет поглощается на экране в отдельных точках, в виде отдельных частиц (не волн), а интерференционная картина появляется из-за изменяющейся плотности попадания этих частиц на экран. Кроме того, версии опыта, включающие детекторы в щелях, обнаруживают, что каждый обнаруженный фотон проходит только через одну щель (как классическая частица), а не через обе щели (как волна). Тем не менее, такие опыты показывают, что частицы не образуют интерференционную картину, если наблюдать, через какую щель они проходят. Эти результаты демонстрируют принцип корпускулярно-волнового дуализма.

Обнаружено, что другие объекты атомного масштаба, например электроны, проявляют то же поведение при стрельбе по двойной щели. Кроме того, наблюдение отдельных дискретных взаимодействий по своей природе является вероятностным, что необъяснимо с помощью классической механики.

Опыт может быть сделан с намного более крупными объектами, чем электроны и фотоны, хотя он становится более сложным с увеличением размеров. Крупнейшими объектами, для которых был проведён опыт с двумя щелями, были молекулы, каждая из которых содержала 810 атомов (общая масса которых составляла более 10000 атомных единиц массы).

Двухщелевой опыт (и его вариации) стал классическим мысленным экспериментом, как яркий пример загадок квантовой механики. Поскольку он демонстрирует фундаментальное ограничение способности наблюдателя прогнозировать экспериментальные результаты, Ричард Фейнман назвал это «явлением, которое невозможно […] объяснить каким-либо классическим способом, и в котором заложено сердце квантовой механики. В действительности, оно содержит единственную тайну [квантовой механики]».

Обзор

Если бы свет состоял строго из обычных или классических частиц, и эти частицы выпускались бы по прямой линии через щель, что позволяло бы им попадать в экран на другой стороне, мы ожидали бы увидеть изображение, соответствующее размеру и форме щели. Однако, когда этот «эксперимент с одной щелью» выполняется в реальности, изображение на экране представляет собой дифракционную картину распределения света. Чем меньше щель, тем больше угол расхождения. В верхней части изображения показана центральная часть паттерна, сформированного при освещении лазером щели. Также можно заметить две слабые боковые полосы. Большее число полос можно увидеть с более точной установкой. Изображение объясняется дифракцией как результат интерференции световых волн от щели.

Если освещать две параллельные щели, то свет от двух щелей дополнительно интерферирует. Здесь интерференция представляет собой более выраженный паттерн с чередованием светлых и тёмных полос. Ширина полос зависит от частоты испускаемого света. (См. нижнюю фотографию справа.) Когда Томас Юнг (1773—1829) впервые продемонстрировал это явление, он указал, что свет состоит из волн, поскольку распределение яркости может быть объяснено попеременно аддитивной и вычитающей интерференцией волнового фронта. Опыт Юнга, выполненный в начале 1800-х годов, сыграл критически важную роль в принятии волновой теории света, победив корпускулярную теорию света, предложенную Исааком Ньютоном, которая была принятой моделью распространения света в 17-м и 18-м веках. Однако позднее обнаружение фотоэлектрического эффекта продемонстрировало, что при различных обстоятельствах свет может вести себя так, как если бы он состоял из дискретных частиц. Эти, казалось бы, противоречивые открытия заставили выйти за рамки классической физики и принять во внимание квантовую природу света.

Фейнман любил говорить, что всю квантовую механику можно получить из тщательного обдумывания последствий этого единственного эксперимента. Он также предложил (в качестве мысленного эксперимента), что размещение детекторов перед каждой щелью приведёт к исчезновению интерференционной картины.

Соотношение  подробно описывает математику двухщелевой интерференции в контексте квантовой механики.

Низкоинтенсивный двухщелевой опыт был впервые выполнен Дж. И. Тейлором в 1909 г. путём снижения уровня падающего света до тех пор, пока события испускания/поглощения фотонов большей частью не перекрывались. Двухщелевой опыт не проводился ни с чем, кроме света, до 1961 года, когда Клаус Йонссон из Тюбингенского университета выполнил его с электронными пучками. В 1974 году итальянские физики Пьер Джорджо Мерли, Джан Франко Миссироли и Джулио Поцци повторили опыт, используя одиночные электроны и бипризму (вместо щелей), показав, что каждый электрон взаимодействует с самим собой, как и предсказывает квантовая теория. В 2002 году одноэлектронная версия опыта была признана читателями журнала Physics World «самым красивым экспериментом».

В 2012 году Стефано Фраббони и его коллеги в конечном итоге провели двухщелевой опыт с электронами и реальными щелями, следуя оригинальной схеме, предложенной Фейнманом. Они посылали одиночные электроны на нанофабрикатные щели (шириной около 100 нм) и, собирая прошедшие электроны одноэлектронным детектором, смогли показать накопление двухщелевой интерференционной картины.

В 2019 году Марко Джаммарки и его коллеги продемонстрировали интерференцию отдельных частиц для антиматерии.

Варианты опыта

Интерференция отдельных частиц

Важная версия этого эксперимента подразумевает одиночные частицы (или волны — для согласованности они называются здесь частицами). Испускание одиночных частиц через устройство с двумя щелями приводит к ожидаемому появлению на экране одиночных частиц. Примечательно, однако, что интерференционная картина возникает, если эти частицы накапливать (см. соседнее изображение). Это демонстрирует корпускулярно-волновой дуализм, который утверждает, что вся материя проявляет свойства как волн, так и частиц: частица измеряется как один импульс в одной позиции, а волна описывает вероятность поглощения частицы в определённом месте на экране. Было показано, что это явление происходит с фотонами, электронами, атомами и даже некоторыми молекулами, включая букибол. Таким образом, эксперименты с электронами добавляют подтверждающее доказательство к мнению, что электроны, протоны, нейтроны и даже более крупные объекты, которые обычно называют частицами, тем не менее, имеют свою собственную волновую природу и даже длину волны (связанную с их импульсом).

Вероятность обнаружения является квадратом амплитуды волны и может быть рассчитана с помощью классических волн (см. ниже). Частицы не попадают на экран в определённом порядке, поэтому знание того, где появились на экране и в каком порядке все предыдущие частицы, ничего не говорит о том, где будет обнаружена следующая частица. Если в каком-то месте происходит затухание волн, это не означает исчезновение частицы; она появится где-то в другом месте. С момента появления квантовой механики некоторые теоретики искали способы включения дополнительных детерминант или «скрытых параметров», зная которые было бы возможно определять местоположение каждого отдельного попадания в мишень.

Более сложные системы, которые включают две и более частиц в суперпозиции, приведённому выше объяснению не поддаются.

Интерферометр Маха — Цендера

Интерферометр Маха — Цендера можно рассматривать как упрощённую версию эксперимента с двумя щелями. Вместо того, чтобы распространяться через свободное пространство после двух щелей и попадать в любую точку широкого экрана, в интерферометре фотоны могут распространяться только по двум путям и попадать в два дискретных фотодетектора. Это позволяет описывать процесс с помощью простой линейной алгебры размерности 2 вместо дифференциальных уравнений.

Фотон, испускаемый лазером, попадает в первый светоделитель и затем оказывается в суперпозиции между двумя возможными траекториями. Во втором светоделителе эти пути интерферируют, в результате чего фотон попадает в фотодетектор справа с вероятностью один и в фотодетектор внизу с вероятностью ноль. Интересно, что если фотон оказывается только на одном из путей между светоделителями, этого можно достичь, заблокировав один из путей, или, что то же самое, пронаблюдав там присутствие фотона, то в обоих случаях интерференция пропадает, и оба фотодетектора будут срабатывать с вероятностью 1/2. Из этого факта мы можем заключить, что фотон не идёт по одному из путей после первого светоделителя, а скорее находится в настоящей квантовой суперпозиции двух путей.

Опыты по выявлению пути и принцип дополнительности
Известный мысленный эксперимент предсказывает, что если детекторы частиц будут расположены на щелях, показывая, через какую щель проходит фотон, интерференционная картина исчезнет. Этот опыт по выявлению пути иллюстрирует принцип дополнительности, согласно которому фотоны могут вести себя как частицы или волны, но не могут одновременно наблюдаться в обоих вариантах. Несмотря на важность этого мысленного эксперимента в истории квантовой механики (например, см. обсуждение версии этого эксперимента Эйнштейном), технически осуществимые реализации этого эксперимента не существовали до 1970-х годов. (Наивные реализации хрестоматийного мысленного эксперимента невозможны, поскольку фотоны не могут быть обнаружены без поглощения фотона.) В настоящее время было проведено несколько экспериментов, иллюстрирующих различные аспекты дополнимости.

Эксперимент, проведённый в 1987 году дал результаты, которые продемонстрировали, что можно получить информацию о том, по какому пути прошла частица, вообще не разрушая интерференцию. Это продемонстрировало эффект измерения, которое слабо воздействовало на летящие частицы и тем самым сопоставимо влияло на интерференционную картину. Другими словами, если не настаивать на полностью надёжном методе, используемом для определения щели, через которую проходит каждый фотон, по прежнему наблюдается (ухудшенная) интерференционная картина.

Отложенный выбор и варианты квантового ластика

 демонстрируют, что извлечение информации о пути после того, как частица прошла через щели, может, как кажется, задним числом поменять предшествующее поведение на щелях.

Эксперимент квантового ластика демонстрирует, что волновое поведение может быть восстановлено путём стирания информации о пути.

Простая «домашняя» иллюстрация «квантового ластика» была дана в статье в журнале Scientific American. Если установить поляризаторы перед каждой щелью так, чтобы их оси были ортогональны друг другу, интерференционная картина пропадёт. Поляризаторы могут рассматриваться как добавляющие к каждому лучу информацию о пути. Введение третьего поляризатора перед детектором с осью 45° относительно других поляризаторов, «стирает» эту информацию, восстанавливая интерференционную картину. Это также можно объяснить, рассматривая свет как классическую волну а также при использовании круговых поляризаторов и одиночных фотонов. Реализации поляризаторов с использованием запутанных фотонных пар не имеют классического объяснения.

Слабое измерение
В широко разрекламированном эксперименте 2012 года исследователи утверждали, что определили путь, по которому прошла каждая частица, без какого-либо отрицательного воздействия на интерференционную картину. Для этого они использовали установку, где частицы вылетали не из точечного источника, а из источника с двумя максимумами интенсивности. Однако такие комментаторы, как Свенссон, отметили, что на самом деле нет никакого конфликта между слабыми измерениями, выполненными в этом варианте двухщелевого эксперимента, и принципом неопределённости Гейзенберга. Слабое измерение с последующим выбором не позволяло одновременно измерять положение и импульс для каждой отдельной частицы, а скорее позволяло измерять среднюю траекторию частиц, которые попали в разные позиции. Другими словами, экспериментаторы создавали статистическую карту ландшафта полной траектории.

Другие варианты

В 1967 году Пфлегор и Мандель продемонстрировали интерференцию с двумя источниками, используя два отдельных лазера в качестве источников света.

В 1972 году экспериментально было показано, что в двухщелевой системе, в которой была открыта только одна щель, также наблюдалась интерференция при условии разности путей, позволяющей детектируемому фотону приходить из любой щели. Плотность фотонов в экспериментальной системе была значительно меньше единицы.

В 1999 году эксперимент с двумя щелями был успешно проведён с молекулами букибола (каждая из которых содержит 60 атомов углерода). Букибол достаточно большой (диаметр около 0,7нм, почти в полмиллиона раз больше, чем протон), что позволяет наблюдать его под электронным микроскопом.

В 2005 году Э. Р. Элиель представил экспериментальное и теоретическое исследование оптического пропускания тонкого металлического экрана, с двумя щелями размерами менее длины волны, разделёнными расстоянием, превышающим длину волны во много раз. Показано, что общая интенсивность паттерна двойной щели в дальней зоне уменьшается или увеличивается как функция длины волны падающего светового пучка.

В 2012 году исследователи из Университета штата Небраска-Линкольн выполнили двухщелевой эксперимент с электронами, как описано Ричардом Фейнманом, с использованием новых инструментов, которые позволили контролировать проход двух щелей и отслеживать события обнаружения единичных электронов. Электроны запускались электронной пушкой и проходили через одну или две щели 62нм шириной и 4мкм высотой.

В 2013 году двухщелевой опыт был успешно проведён с молекулами, каждая из которых содержала 810 атомов (общая масса которых превышала 10000 атомных единиц массы).

Гидродинамические аналоги волны-пилота
Были разработаны , которые могут воссоздать различные аспекты квантово-механических систем, включая одночастичную интерференцию через двойную щель. Капля силиконового масла, отскакивая вдоль поверхности жидкости, самостоятельно движется посредством резонансных взаимодействий с собственным волновым полем. Капля мягко выплёскивает жидкость при каждом скачке. В то же время на её ход влияет рябь от прошлых отскоков. Взаимодействие капли с её собственной рябью, которая образует так называемую пилот-волну, приводит к тому, что капля демонстрирует поведение, ранее считавшееся характерным для элементарных частиц, — в том числе поведение, обычно принимаемое в качестве доказательства того, что элементарные частицы распространяются в пространстве, как волны, без какого-либо конкретное местоположения, до измерения.

Поведения, имитируемые с помощью такой гидродинамической системы пилот-волн, включают в себя квантовую одночастичную дифракцию, туннелирование, квантованные орбиты, расщепление орбитальных уровней, спин и мультимодальную статистику. Также можно вывести соотношение неопределённостей и принципы запрета. Имеются видеоролики, иллюстрирующие различные свойства такой системы. (См. Внешние ссылки.)

Тем не менее, более сложные системы, которые включают суперпозицию двух и более частиц, не поддаются такому простому, классически интуитивному объяснению. Соответственно, не существует гидродинамического аналога квантовой запутанности. Тем не менее, возможны оптические аналоги.

Классическая волновая оптика

Большая часть поведения света может быть смоделирована с использованием классической волновой теории. Принцип Гюйгенса — Френеля является одной из таких моделей; в нём говорится, что каждая точка волнового фронта генерирует вторичную волну, и что возмущение в любой последующей точке можно найти, суммируя вклады отдельных волн в этой точке. Это суммирование должно учитывать фазу и амплитуду отдельных волн. Измерена может быть только интенсивность светового поля, которая пропорциональна квадрату амплитуды.

В двухщелевом опыте обе щели освещаются одним лазерным лучом. Если ширина щелей достаточно мала (меньше длины волны лазерного излучения), щели рассеивают свет на цилиндрические волны. Эти два цилиндрических волновых фронта накладываются друг на друга, и амплитуда и, следовательно, интенсивность в любой точке комбинированных волновых фронтов зависят как от величины, так и от фазы двух волновых фронтов. Разница в фазе между двумя волнами определяется разницей в расстоянии, пройденном этими волнами.

Если расстояние наблюдения велико по сравнению с разнесением щелей (), разность фаз можно найти с помощью геометрии, показанной на нижнем правом рисунке. Разница в пути между двумя волнами, проходящими под углом , определяется как:

Где d — расстояние между двумя щелями. Когда две волны находятся в фазе, то есть разность путей равна целому числу длин волн, суммарная амплитуда и, следовательно, суммарная интенсивность максимальны, а когда они находятся в противофазе, то есть разность путей равна половине длина волны, полторы длины волны и т. д., то волны вычитаются и суммарная интенсивность равна нулю. Этот эффект известен как интерференция . Максимумы интерференционных полос возникают под углами

где λ — длина волны света. Угловое расстояние между полосами,  задаются как

Расстояние между полосами на расстоянии  от щелей определяется как

Например, если две щели разделены на 0,5 мм (d) и освещены лазером с длиной волны 0,6 мкм (λ), то на расстоянии 1м (z) расстояние между полосами составит 1,2 мм.

Если ширина щелей  больше длины волны, уравнение дифракции Фраунгофера даёт интенсивность дифрагированного света как:

Где функция sinc определяется как sinc(x) = sin(x)/x для x ≠ 0 и sinc(0) = 1.

Это показано на рисунке выше, где первый узор представляет собой дифракционную картину от одной щели, заданную функцией sinc в этом уравнении, а второй рисунок показывает суммарную интенсивность света, дифрагированного от двух щелей, где функция cos формирует тонкую структуру, а более грубая структура формирует дифракцию от отдельных щелей, согласно функции sinc.

Аналогичные вычисления для  могут быть выполнены с использованием уравнения дифракции Френеля. По мере того, как плоскость наблюдения становится ближе к плоскости щелей, связанные с каждой щелью дифракционные картины уменьшаются в размерах, так что площадь интерференции уменьшается и может вообще исчезнуть, если нет перекрытия двух дифракционных картин.

Интерпретации эксперимента
Как и мысленный эксперимент с котом Шрёдингера, двухщелевой опыт часто используется для демонстрации различий и сходств между разными интерпретациями квантовой механики.

Копенгагенская интерпретация
Копенгагенская интерпретация, выдвинутая некоторыми пионерами в области квантовой механики, утверждает, что нежелательно постулировать что-либо, выходящее за рамки математических формул, физической аппаратуры и результатов, которые позволяют нам получить некоторые знания о том, что происходит на атомном уровне. Одну из математических конструкций, которая позволяет экспериментаторам очень точно прогнозировать определённые экспериментальные результаты, иногда называют «волной вероятности». По своей математической форме она аналогична описанию физической волны, но её «волны» и «гребни» указывают уровни вероятности возникновения определённых явлений (например, вспышки света в определённой точке на экране детектора), которые можно наблюдать в макромире повседневного опыта.

Можно сказать, что «волна» вероятности проходит через пространство, потому что значения вероятности, которые можно вычислить из её математического представления, зависят от времени. Нельзя говорить о местонахождении какой-либо частицы, такой как фотон, между моментами испускания и обнаружения, просто потому, что для утверждения о нахождении объекта в определённом месте в определённое время, нужно его обнаружить (детектировать). Требование возможного появления интерференционной картины состоит в том, что должны быть испускаемые частицы и экран с, по меньшей мере, двумя различными путями, по которым частица должна пройти от излучателя к экрану. В экспериментах нет наблюдения в промежуток времени между испусканием частицы и её попаданием в экран. Если произвести трассировку лучей так, как будто световая волна (как понимается в классической физике) достаточно широка для прохождения обоих путей, то эта трассировка будет точно предсказывать появление максимумов и минимумов на экране детектора, когда многие частицы проходят через аппарат и постепенно «раскрашивают» ожидаемую интерференционную картину.

Формулировка через интегралы по траекториям

Копенгагенская интерпретация аналогична формулировке квантовой механики через интегралы по траекториям, предложенной Фейнманом. Формула интеграла по траекториям заменяет классическое понятие единственной уникальной траектории для системы суммой по всем возможным траекториям. Траектории складываются вместе с помощью функционального интеграла.

Каждый путь считается одинаково вероятным и, следовательно, вносит одинаковый вклад. Однако фаза этого вклада в любой заданной точке пути определяется действием на пути:

Все эти вклады затем складываются, и величина конечного результата возводится в квадрат, чтобы получить распределение вероятностей для положения частицы:

Как всегда при расчёте вероятности, результаты должны быть  путём наложения:

Подводя итог, можно сказать, что распределение вероятностей исхода — это нормализованный квадрат нормы суперпозиции по всем путям от точки происхождения до конечной точки волн,  пропорционально действию вдоль каждого пути. Различия в кумулятивном действии вдоль различных путей (и, следовательно, относительных фаз вкладов) создают интерференционную картину, наблюдаемую в двухщелевом опыте. Фейнман подчеркнул, что его формулировка является просто математическим описанием, а не попыткой описать реальный измеряемый процесс.

Реляционная интерпретация

Согласно реляционной интерпретации квантовой механики, впервые предложенной Карло Ровелли, наблюдения, подобные наблюдениям в двухщелевом опыте, являются результатом взаимодействия  (измерительного устройства) и наблюдаемого объекта (с которым физически взаимодействуют), а не какого-либо абсолютного свойства объекта. В случае электрона, если он изначально «наблюдается» на определённой щели, то взаимодействие наблюдатель-частица (фотон-электрон) включает информацию о положении электрона. Это частично ограничивает конечное местоположение частицы на экране. Если он «наблюдается» (измеряется с помощью фотона) не на конкретной щели, а на экране, то информация о пути не является частью взаимодействия, поэтому «наблюдаемое» положение электрона на экране определяется строго его вероятностной функции. Это делает результирующее изображение на экране таким же, как если бы каждый отдельный электрон прошёл через обе щели. Также было высказано предположение, что пространство и расстояние сами по себе являются реляционными, и что электрон может оказаться в «двух местах одновременно» — например, на обеих щелях — потому что его пространственные отношения с конкретными точками на экране остаются идентичными с положений щелей.

Многомировая интерпретация
Физик Дэвид Дойч утверждает в своей книге Структура реальности, что двухщелевой эксперимент является доказательством многомировой интерпретации. Однако, поскольку любая интерпретация квантовой механики эмпирически неразличима, некоторые учёные скептически относятся к этому утверждению.

Теория де Бройля — Бома
Альтернатива общепринятому пониманию квантовой механики, теория де Бройля — Бома утверждает, что частицы всегда имеют точное местоположение и что их скорости зависят от волновой функции. Таким образом, в то время как отдельная частица пройдёт через одну конкретную щель в двухщелевом опыте, так называемая «пилотная волна», которая влияет на неё, пройдёт через обе. Траектории двойной щели де Бройля-Бома были впервые рассчитаны Крисом Дьюдни во время работы с Крисом Филиппидисом и Бэзилом Хили в Биркбек-колледже (Лондон). Теория де Бройля-Бома даёт те же статистические результаты, что и стандартная квантовая механика, но обходится без многих её концептуальных трудностей.

См. также

 Принцип дополнительности
 Квантовый ластик с отложенным выбором

 Кот Шрёдингера
 Опыт Юнга
 Проблема измерения

Примечания

Ссылки

Интерактивные анимации
 Гюйгенс и интерференция

Эксперименты с одной частицей
 Сайт с фильмом и другой информацией о первом одноэлектронном эксперименте Мерли, Миссироли и Поцци.
 Фильм, показывающий одноэлектронные события, формирующие интерференционную картину в экспериментах с двумя щелями. Несколько версий с и без повествования (размер файла = от 3,6 до 10,4 МБ) (длина видеоролика = 1м 8с)
 Freeview видео «Электронные волны раскрывают микрокосмос». Дискурс Королевского института Акиры Тономуры, предоставленный Vega Science Trust
 Сайт Hitachi со справочной информацией о видео Tonomura и ссылкой на видео

Гидродинамический аналог
 «Одночастичная интерференция, наблюдаемая для макроскопических объектов»
 Гидродинамика пилот-волны: дополнительное видео
 Сквозь червоточину : Ив Кудер. Объясняет дуальность волн/частиц с помощью кремниевых капель

Компьютерное моделирование
 Java демонстрация двухщелевой интерференции Юнга
 Моделирование, которое выполняется в Mathematica Player, в котором можно менять число квантовых частиц, частота частиц и разделение щелей

Волновая физика
Квантовая механика
Физические эксперименты


text:
Marianne Schläger (ur. 22 listopada 1920) – austriacka lekkoatletka, specjalizująca się w pchnięciu kulą i rzucie dyskiem.

Podczas igrzysk olimpijskich w Londynie (1948) zajęła 12. miejsce w pchnięciu kulą (z wynikiem 11,775) oraz 15. w rzucie dyskiem (34,79).

Dziewięciokrotna mistrzyni kraju: w biegu na 100 metrów (1941), sztafecie 4 × 100 metrów (1940), pchnięciu kulą (1938, 1942 i 1942), rzucie dyskiem (1948 i 1949) oraz pięcioboju lekkoatletycznym (składającym się wówczas z biegu na 100 metrów, pchnięcia kulą, skoku w dal, skoku wzwyż i rzutu oszczepem (1946 i 1949).

Rekordy życiowe
 Pchnięcie kulą – 12,61 (1949)
 Rzut dyskiem – 41,69 (1949)

Bibliografia

Linki zewnętrzne

Austriaccy kulomioci
Austriaccy dyskobole
Austriaccy sprinterzy
Austriaccy wieloboiści
Austriaccy olimpijczycy
Urodzeni w 1920
Uczestnicy Letnich Igrzysk Olimpijskich 1948


/EIN News/ -- JASPER, Ind., April 17, 2019 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Kimball International, Inc. (NASDAQ: KBAL) will announce its third quarter fiscal year 2019 financial results on Tuesday, May 7, 2019, after the close of the market.
The Company will host a conference call on Wednesday, May 8, 2019, at 11:00 a.m. EST to review its financial performance. In addition, management will unveil the pillars of its long-term strategy under the direction of its newly appointed CEO, Kristie Juster.
The telephone number to access the conference call is 844-602-5643 or internationally at 574-990-3014. The passcode to access the call is "Kimball." The live webcast of the conference call can be accessed at www.ir.kimballinternational.com.


Losing weight anywhere on your body relies more on reducing the amount of calories you consume than building muscle. It is not actually possible to lose fat from a specific part of the body by exercising those particular muscles. You need to create a calorie deficit by using more calories than you take in by consuming a healthy diet and exercising regularly. Toning your arms with exercises instead of focusing on traditional weight lifting will help create muscles that will give your arms long, clean lines.
Stand up straight with your legs shoulder width apart holding dumbbells with the palms facing your thighs.
Lift the shoulder and back muscles up as though you were shrugging your shoulders, then gently lower them back down.
You should feel the upshot from this exercise in your wing tips and shoulders.
Hold a dumbbell, place your right elbow on your right knee and curl the dumbbell upward then slowly lower it back down.
Repeat this exercise 8-12 times with each arm.
Stand up straight while holding a dumbbell in your left hand.
Then stretch your hand upward so that you move the dumbbell up over your head.
Bring the dumbbell down so it is behind your head hold here for a few seconds before raising your hand up to the original position.
Perform 3-4 sets of 10 with each hand.
How to lose weight in your arms? You can perform this exercise on a weight lifting bench or while standing.
Open and close the arms like a bird that would be flapping its wings to fly before bringing yourself back into the starting position.
Lie on a bench with a barbell and bring the barbell parallel to the shoulders, keeping your arms extended.
Then straighten your arms so the barbell is at a 90 degree angle from your torso.
Performing 12-15 push-ups each day is considered ideal for keeping up your stamina and keeping your arms in shape.
Lie on the stomach, keeping a shoulder width distance between your legs.
Tighten the abdominals and keep the back and neck straight while looking ahead.
Balance yourself on your arms and toes and lower the body down toward the ground, keeping your chest and torso from touching the floor before you raise your body back up.
Work to keep as much of your body weight as possible on your hands and not your legs.
There are no specific foods that are recommended when it comes to how to lose weight in your arms, but cutting out foods that are known to make you gain weight can help you reach your goals more easily. Eliminate foods that contain saturated fats, cholesterol, sugar, salt and trans fats and replace them with lean meats, fruits, vegetables, whole grains and low-fat dairy. Eating smaller portions throughout the day instead of a few large meals can also make it easier to lose weight.


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Best Free Movie Websites
Torrent sites are additionally a standard place to search out free movie downloads, however please remember that most movie torrents are provided illegally. You're significantly better off sticking to legal movie streaming sites like those listed above, however when you do enterprise elsewhere, be sure to learn how to spot an unlawful movie website.
Death of a Cheerleader, or because it was initially aired, A Friend to Die For, is another iconic early Lifetime movie. Directed by William A. Graham, this movie stars Kellie Martin, Tori Spelling, and Valerie Harper and is based on the murder of Kirsten Costas. Mia's story is directed by Aniston and shares the journey of a woman who's diagnosed with stage-four breast cancer. Portrayed by Patricia Clarkson, Mia decides to finally start living her life and shortly blows by way of her financial savings, making increasingly reckless choices. She later learns that her most cancers is in remission and she falls in love with a financial institution loan officer.
There's also a genre section for some other ways to seek out movies in classes like romance, comedy, crime & suspense, religion & inspirational, action, family & youngsters, and so on. Vudu might not be your first pick when on the lookout for free sites for streaming films but there are actually thousandsof films here that you could watch proper now. Popcornflix has over 1,500 films that embody comedy, drama, horror, action, romance, household, documentary motion pictures, and international movies. Popcornflix is one other great spot to look at free movies online. Their constant flow of latest films from Screen Media Ventures signifies that they have a lot of new movies being added on a regular basis.
Well, add this Lifetime movie to your list, because it's an immediate classic. Directed by Kenny Leon, Steel Magnolias stars Queen Latifah, Alfre Woodard, and Phylicia Rashad.
Pearl's story (directed by Jenkins) and Charlotte's story (directed by Moore) are linked, as Charlotte, performed by Ginnifer Goodwin, dies of breast cancer in the Sixties. Pearl, Charlotte's daughter, is shielded from the reality of the situation, although she later goes on to become an oncologist in her own story, the place she is portrayed by Jeanne Tripplehorn. Pearl additionally serves as the oncologist for a lot of the women within the different stories. The other two stories comply with a younger stripper named Cheyanne and her mob-enforcer husband and a lady named Lili who declares to her household that she is getting a lumpectomy. Unlike its predecessor, this movie model of Flowers within the Attic stays true to the guide plot and offers viewers a lot of suspense and foreboding.
AtCinema Escapist, we value movies which have societal significance.
That's whyKim Ji-younger, Born 1982 made it onto our record of 2019's prime Korean motion pictures.
A rare gem that manages to achieve the holy trinity of box office, awards, and important success,Parasitemight be the most internationally renowned Korean movie so far.
Beyond US$one hundred twenty million in theatrical takings,Parasite won the Palme d'Or at 2019's Cannes Film Festival, and has Oscars nominations for Best Director, Screenplay, and International Feature.
An affecting story powerfully advised, The Last Black Man in San Francisco instantly establishes director Joe Talbot as a filmmaker to observe. In addition to large effects and transitions libraries, the Filmora9 movie maker additionally includes a rich number of royalty-free music and audio results you should use to create soundtracks for all of your videos. Filmora9 can be downloaded free of charge, however you must buy one of many out there subscription plans in order to acquire entry to all features it has to supply. Although there was a short moment where Lifetime needed to resolve whether or not to be extra respected or lean in closely to the tabloid-style tales, all it took was one have a look at the sky-excessive ratings they acquired on observe-up films like Mother, May I Sleep With Danger? What adopted was practically 20 years of comparable films with attention-seeking titles like My Stepson, My Lover that have been directed nearly entirely at suburban women and girls.
With a powerful solid and a few huge names featured, this Lifetime movie is a superb one to observe and is likely in contrast to something you've seen before. Flowers in the Attic is a suspenseful and engaging story that's dark and twisted too. Directed by Deborah Chow and starring Heather Graham, Ellen Burstyn, and Kiernan Shipka, this TV-14 rated Lifetime movie relies on the novel of the same name by V.C.
Speak is a deeply transferring Lifetime movie that tackles a tough subject material in an honest method. Directed by Jessica Sharzer and starring Kristen Stewart, Elizabeth Perkins, and Eric Lively, this PG-thirteen drama movie is predicated on the novel of the same name by Laurie Halse Anderson. The unimaginable actuality TV, the in-depth documentaries, or the fascinating original series? For many of us, it is the ever-campy, ever-sappy, ever-wild Lifetime movies.
Internet Archive Movie Archive is another place you can go to find free motion pictures online that each one fall beneath public area so they are free to look at and download. You can watch live TV and flicks out of your net browser by way of the Pluto.television/stay-television page or through the cellular or desktop app by downloading the appropriate software. Among several different devices, Pluto TV is on the market as an app for iOS and an Android app. You can use the New page on Vudu's web site to see which free films have been most lately included in their assortment.
Yomovies
Lizzie Borden Took an Ax is a delightfully campy take on the properly-recognized story and life of Lizzie Borden. Directed by Nick Gomez and starring Christina Ricci, Clea DuVall, and Billy Campbell, this unrated Lifetime movie earned an eight-episode spin-off mini-sequence on Lifetime that was met with rave evaluations. The Pregnancy Pact is an interesting story that sheds mild on an necessary subject to each teenagers and people of all ages. Directed by Rosemary Rodriguez and starring Thora Birch, Madisen Beaty, and Camryn Manheim, this PG-rated Lifetime movie relies on an allegedly true story. So many know and love some variation of Steel Magnolias, whether it's the stage play of the identical name by Robert Harling or the enduring and star-studded 1989 version.
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ENT 222N Syllabus
All course information is listed within this syllabus.
Natalie Boyle
Maps and Buildings
An area map of the grounds, with demonstration areas and buildings identified is provided and will be updated upon 2021 registration confirmations
Images of previous Timber Shows.
2019 Timber Show Program
Timber Show Brochure
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Important Reminders for Spring 2021
Colloquium on the Environment with Dr. Robert Bullard
When April 1, 2021, 7:00 PM - 8:00 PM
Colloquium on the Environment: Dr. Robert Bullard Date/Time: Thursday, April 1, 2021 - 7:00pm Venue: Zoom - Register in Advance Dr. Robert Bullard, known as the father of the environmental justice movement, will be the 2021 keynote speaker at Penn State's annual Colloquium on the Environment at 7 p.m. on April 1, 2021 via zoom. You can register to attend here. The event is free and open to all. Dr. Bullard is an author of eighteen books on topics ranging from sustainable development, environmental racism, urban land use, industrial facility siting, community investment, housing, transportation, climate justice, disasters, emergency response, community resilience, smart growth, to regional equity. He was named by Newsweek as one of '13 Environmental Leaders of the Century' (2008), one of the '100 Black History Makers in the Making' by The Grio (2010), and one of the world's '100 Most Influential People in Climate Policy' by Apolitcal (2019). Dr. Bullard has received countless awards for his work, including the Child Health Advocate Award from the Children Environmental Health Network, and in 2013 he was the first African American to win the Sierra Club John Muir Award. Former Dean of the Jordan-Mickey Leland School of Public Affairs at Texas Southern University, and founding Director of the Environmental Resource Center at Cleark Atlanta University, Dr. Bullard is currently Distinguished Professor of Urban Planning and Environmental Policy and co-founder of the HBCU Climate Change Consortium. Dr. Bullard received his Ph.D. from Iowa State University and is a proud U.S. Marine Corps veteran. The event is co-sponsored by Penn State Institutes of Energy and the Environment, Office of Human Resources, Office of Educational Equity, Office of Diversity and Inclusion, and the Sustainability Institute.
Attend AFA Leaders Institutes for Food and Animal Interests – Applications Due January 27th
Build your Professional, Digital Brand Using Adobe Products – Career Services Workshop Slated for February 2nd
It is proven that if you have demonstrated digital skills, you are more employable than those that don't - regardless of the field.
Penn State Homecoming 2021 – Captain Applications Open
Applications are due January 29th at 5:00 p.m.
LEAP Mentor Position Available for Summer 2021
Attend an upcoming information session to learn more about this opportunity.
Virtual Career Fair Set for February 18th – Hosted by the Department of Ecosystem Science and Management
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The What, Why and How of Implementation Science
When December 18, 2020, 12:30 PM - 5:00 PM
Where Online
The Social Science Research Institute announces an interdisciplinary workshop on the What, Why and How of Implementation Science. Implementation Science (IS) aims to identify effective strategies for translating scientific discoveries into broad and sustained real-world use—toward the betterment of the human condition
Mainstreaming Biodiversity in the Decade of Action: strategies to expand biodiversity efforts (part 2)
When March 4, 2021, 1:25 PM - 2:25 PM
A four-part virtual symposium series to expand networks and inspire creative strategies to promote biodiversity in urban, agricultural and natural areas, to improve human and ecological health and well-being.
When March 17, 2021, 1:25 PM - 2:25 PM
Mainstreaming Biodiversity in the Decade of Action: tools for supporting biodiversity (part 2)
When February 24, 2021, 1:25 PM - 2:25 PM
Mainstreaming Biodiversity in the Decade of Action: biodiversity in a changing world (Part 2)
When February 3, 2021, 1:25 PM - 2:25 PM
Mainstreaming Biodiversity in the Decade of Action: value of biodiversity (part 2)
When January 27, 2021, 1:25 PM - 2:25 PM
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Japanese manufacturer Koikeya has made its famous snacks since 1977, and now you too have an opportunity to taste their original chips all the way from Japan! Have a hot chili party in your mouth anytime you want with these delicious potato snacks! The stick-shaped snacks are super crunchy and have a delicious combination of meat, vegetable, and chili flavor. The packaging is very clever as well: rip the top part off as shown on the instructions, and you can just pour the sticks directly into your mouth! This way you can eat the snacks without getting your hands stained. Clever and delicious - that's the perfect combination!


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The Digest of Human Rights Awards
UNESCO Guillermo Cano World Press Freedom Prize
Focus theme
Censorship, Media, Freedom of Expression
Geographical focus
Public nominations
Prize Money (EUR)
Upcoming ceremony
Year Discontinued
Award Frequency
s.coudray@unesco.org
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About UNESCO Guillermo Cano World Press Freedom Prize
Named in honour of Guillermo Cano Isaza, an assassinated Colombian journalist. It is intended to reward journalists who have shown dedication in the name of freedom of expression and information. Nominations only by Member States and organizations working in the field of journalism and freedom of expression. Awarded on the occasion of World Press Freedom Day (3 May).
Past Laureates
List of Award Laureates coming soon!
Links about UNESCO Guillermo Cano World Press Freedom Prize
http://www.unesco.org/new/en/communication-and-information/freedom-of-expression/press-freedom/unesco-world-press-freedom-prize/
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Movie Review – 'Mortal Engines'
John Wedemeyer December 13th, 2018 - 8:51 PM
Based on Philip Reeve's 2001 novel, Mortal Engines feels like a film that missed its moment. Its mixture of post-apocalyptic steampunk and young adult romance would have been a recipe for success circa 2008. Ten years ago, this film would have been an event. But today, it feels like missed attempt to capture a bygone cultural zeitgeist. Mortal Engines is visually astounding, but disappointingly familiar. It's big and it's loud, but it doesn't have anything new to say.
A thousand years after humanity nearly destroyed itself, most of the remaining population live in roving, mechanical cities. The largest: London, swallows entire cities, tearing them apart for fuel. At the helm is Thaddeus Valentine, played by Hugo Weaving who left his subtlety pants at home. He's scrounging ancient tech in hopes of building a machine that will ensure London's survival. The rusted mechanical wheels of this story get moving when a masked assassin, Hester Shaw (Hera Hilmar) attempts to kill Valentine. She's foiled by museum assistant and wannabe pilot Tom Natsworthy (Robert Sheehan). His reward is to be thrown off London and left for dead in the wastelands where he and Hester attempt to uncover what Valentine is planning and stop it.
The advertising for Mortal Engines has plastered Peter Jackson's name all over this movie, but the film itself is directed by Christian Rivers, a veteran of the arts and visual effects departments. It's no surprise than that the film looks spectacular. The visual effects artists at Jackson's Weta Workshop have worked their distinctive brand of magic to bring the film's enormous moving cities to life. Mortal Engines is the kind of film that should be seen on as big a screen as possible. The people who will eventually watch this film on their phones and laptops will miss out entirely on the reason why the film exists: its spectacle. When you strip that away from it, there's not much left worth engaging with.
Mortal Engines comes in at a relatively brisk 128 minutes. Now that might soundslike a fairly hefty running time, but this is a film co-written by Peter Jackson – the man who never met a movie he didn't want to add 45 minutes to. If I had to venture a guess, I'd say quite a bit of footage never made it on screen. As is, Mortal Engines moves at such a breakneck pace, there's little time to enjoy its intricate world and marvelous production design by Dan Hennah, and even less time to get to know any of the characters. The film has a massive cast to match its enormous landscape. There's Katherine – Valentine's rebellious daughter, Bevis Pod – Tom's mechanic friend, Anna Fang – an 'anti-tractionist' terrorist who leads a merry band of rebel fighter pilots. Most interesting is Shrike, an undead assassin played by Stephen Lang with a murderous fixation on Hester Shaw. The film cycles through characters and locations, that it's impossible to develop any emotional attachment to anything.
If there's one character we're meant to develop an attachment to, it's Hester Shaw. She's a potentially fascinating character, but the film is is too interested in keeping her backstory a mystery to make her an engaging protagonist. The role if filled by the bumbling wannabe pilot Tom, but there's really not much to say about him other than his character's big moment is putting on a jacket. The focus is clearly meant to be on Hester but we only get slow drips of her motivation, each more half-baked and ill-explained than the last.
A brief word about Hester's facial scars that have been the source of some online outcry. For those unfamiliar with the film's trailer, Hester has a scar that crosses her chin and cheek, in the novel she is missing most of her nose and blind in one eye. While I haven't read the novel, I'm familiar with plenty of books whose adaptations made their character's more attractive – from Hermione Grainger's buck teeth in Harry Potter to Art3mis's birthmark in Ready Player One. Personally, I can't really blame the filmmakers for wanting the protagonist of their $100 million young adult film to be attractive. Thankfully the film's script does Hester the courtesy of not laboring her with a complex about her looks. If I were a fan of the book, I'd care less about Hester's scar and more about the film she's forced to be in.
Verdict: 2 out of 5
Mortal Engines is an unfortunate contradiction. The film's jaw dropping visuals meant to be seen on the biggest screen possible, but its writing feels much more like straight to VOD fair. That makes it really hard to recommend to either audience. The film's marketing hailed Mortal Engines as the next Lord of the Rings, but its fate will likely be similar to Jackson's Lovely Bones – a clunky adaption of a beloved book that we'll all forget about in a few years' time.
Christian Rivers
John Wedemeyer
Stephan Lang


The failure of tubule cells to reabsorb some solutes is an important way of clearing plasma of unwanted substances. Another way is tubular secretion-essentially, reabsorption reverse. Substances such as H+, K+,NH4+, creatinin and certain organic acids either move into the filtrate from the peritubular capillaries through the tubule cells or are synthesized in the tubule cells and secreted. As a result, the urine eventually excreted contains both filtered and secreted substances. With one major exception (K+), the proximal convoluted tubule is the main site of secretion, but the cortical parts of the collecting ducts are also active.
Disposing of substances, such as certain drugs and metabolites, that are tightly bound to plasma protein. Because plasma proteins are generally not filtered, the substances they bind are not filtered and so must secreted.
Eliminating undesirable substances or end products that have been reabsorbed by passive processes. Urea and uric acid, two nitrogenous wastes, are both handled in this way. Urea handling in the nephron is complicated, but the net effect is that 40-50% of the urea in the filtrate is excreted.
Ridding the body excess K+. Because virtually all K+ present in the filtrate is reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule and ascending loop of Henle, nearly all K+ in urine is from aldosteron driven active tubular secretion into the late distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts.
controlling blood pH. When blood pH drops toward acidic end of its homestatic range, the renal tubule cells actively secrete more H+ into the filtrate and retain and generate more HCO3- (a base). As a result, the blood pH rises and the urine drains off the excess H+. Conversely, When blood pH approaches the alkaline end of its range, Cl- is reabsorbed instead of HCO3-, which is allowed to leave the body in urine.


Violin Femmes is a website dedicated to ladies who play the violin (or viola) in non-classical genres.
Many of those featured on this site have been seen live by Pete Harris, or have been suggested by people of good taste. I thank those that have helped out.
Drop Pete an email if you'd like to be featured, or if you have someone to recommend. A website link and photo of said person performing with their violin would be a great help - quite a few on my wish list do not have one!
Please also let Pete know of any errors, updates, additions or broken web links. Or if you have a better photo for me - I tend to pull them from wherever I can.
Photographers: If you see a photo of yours that is not credited (or if you want a hyperlink), please let Pete know.
Please post Violin Femmes banner below on your site and link it to http://www.violinfemmes.com.
The Violin Femmes banner is based on a photo of Ms. Anna Bulbrook of The Airborne Toxic Event. Original photo by Concert Captures.