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Combine Equal Parts Oprah and Martha
November 30, 2012 By Lisa Miller
The new domestic ideal owes more than a little to the fading moguls.
Apart from their plainest similarities—you can count the living women's-media tycoons who are also lifestyle icons on two fingers—Martha Stewart and Oprah Winfrey would seem to come from different planets. One is blonde, thin, tall, chilly, exacting. The other is brown, sometimes plump, warm, accepting. In the hypothetical event that your piecrust failed to cohere, Martha might scold, instructing you to use colder butter next time. Oprah would hand you a Kleenex, tell you about her own piecrust catastrophes, and lay a soothing arm around you.
With layoffs and other contractions at Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia and turbulence at Oprah's OWN network and O magazine, both moguls now face diminishing profiles. And as Martha (at 71 years old) and Oprah (approaching 60) fight off involuntary retirement to one of their many mansions, it's worth noting the key thing they had in common at their peaks. The products of a white Polish-Catholic family and a poor black one, respectively, the two shared an outsider's clear view of the twentieth-century American woman's obsession with feminine and domestic perfection. Way back in the eighties, they understood that goal for the fantasy that it is. Martha and Oprah built dynasties on the insight that millions of women like them had their noses pressed up against the dream of the domestic goddess; their genius was to dismantle the myth.
Martha and Oprah attacked their target from opposite flanks. Martha assaulted perfection by giving every woman a guidebook on how to attain it. Unsentimental, unembellished, her instructions were lab manuals leading step-by-step from sugar and cocoa powder to bûche de Noël. Oprah, in contrast, simply said to hell with it. Life is a mess. The goddess is within; embrace her and get on with it.
It may be that American women don't need Oprah and Martha anymore only because they've absorbed their lessons so well. On mommy blogs and Facebook walls, today's home-front strivers pursue their individual domestic obsessions, each crocheted baby hat and Thanksgiving-leftovers sandwich a monument to familial love and self-expression. At the same time, there's a new liberty to leave other chores half-done. "It's getting easier and easier not to be perfect," says Anne-Marie Slaughter of Princeton and not-having-it-all fame. (She's now working on a book expanding on her widely read Atlantic essay.) "Walk into my house, you will see in three seconds that I am not perfect. How am I supposed to do all this and have a perfect house?"
In the new ethos, the ideal is to be at once a little Martha and a little Oprah, aiming for ever-higher domestic prowess but always with a dose of self-deprecating self-forgiveness. On her blog, Dinner: A Love Story, Jenny Rosenstrach posts photos of her adorable kitchen and her perfect three-layer cake, then confesses that it can take her weeks to change a lightbulb and that preparing breakfast for her children threatens to make her weep. "From a food perspective, 'perfect'—a word I associate with white linens and the word 'fussy'—is not what it's about anymore," she said in an e-mail. "Now it seems like everyone is just entertaining in their kitchens. This trend is great, because it's so simple." There is a catch, though: Without a darling centerpiece to deflect attention, your cooking better be good. "It introduces a whole new pressure to deliver," Rosenstrach says. The perfection imperative is not dead. It's just been precisely chopped and amiably bear-hugged down to a more manageable size.
Filed Under: New York Magazine


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FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION OFFICE OF RAILROAD SAFETY – Training, Qualification, and Oversight for Safety-Related Railroad Employees Interim Final Compliance Guide Issued May 1, 2015 The Rail Safety Improvement Act of 2008 (RSIA) required that the Secretary of the U.S. Department..
FRA Proposes Safety Standard Updates to Allow for High-Speed Passenger Trains Provides new path for passenger safety to be evaluated and achieved Agency invites comments on proposal WASHINGTON – The Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) today proposed updates for the passenger..
FRA Awards $25 Million in Grants to Upgrade Safety at Railroad Crossings, Stations 23 projects in 14 states and the District of Columbia receive funding for a total of 25 million in FRA railroad safety grants awarded WHITE PLAINS, N.Y.—The Federal..
What is Part 243 Railroad Employee Training, Qualification, and Oversight for Safety Requirements?
What is Part 243 Railroad Employee Training, Qualification, and Oversight for Safety Requirements? Title 49: Transportation PART 243—TRAINING, QUALIFICATION, AND OVERSIGHT FOR SAFETY-RELATED RAILROAD EMPLOYEES Subpart A—General §243.1 Purpose and scope. (a) The purpose of this part is to ensure..
New Status Update Underscores Need for Continued Positive Train Control Implementation and Funding. Updated railroad-by-railroad and industry data on progress toward implementation released WASHINGTON— What is the importance of positive train control progress and funding? A status update released today..
So what are the world's largest railroad companies today? Based on market value as of April 2016, here are the world's largest railway companies, with Union Pacific leading the pack at $75.4 billion U.S. dollars. Canadian National Railway, which had a market..
New Rail Safety Website Rolled out by FRA for Railroad Crossing and Trespassing Rail Safety Part of agency's effort to increase education of railroad crossing safety, reduce fatalities WASHINGTON — The U.S. Department of Transportation's (DOT) Federal Railroad Administration (FRA)..
DOT 13-16 Thursday, March 3, 2016 BTS Contact: Dave Smallen Tel: 202-366-5568 FHWA Contact: Nancy Singer Tel: 202-366-4650 DOT Releases 30-Year Freight Projections – New projections released today by the U.S. Department of Transportation's Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) and Federal..
WASHINGTON – The Federal Railroad Administration today launched a new tool on its website that allows states and municipalities to request inspection reports for rail bridges in their communities. The tool is being launched following the passage of the Fixing..
Federal Rail Association Urges DOT to Conduct Railroad Traffic Signal Inspections WASHINGTON –The Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) today called on state departments of transportation to verify that railroad crossing warning systems interconnected to traffic lights function properly. The agency also..


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La histrionicotoxina es un compuesto alcaloide de elevada toxicidad y secretado por glándulas especializadas de la epidermis de algunos animales, especialmente de la clase Amphibia. Es propio de la Oophaga histriónica y de otros organismos afines; un batracios de la subclase Salientia, orden Anura, familia Dendrobatidæ, que reside en ambientes tropicales. Existe una familia entera de histrionicotoxinas o compuestos afines a la histrionicotoxina. La histrionocitoxina propiamente dicha recibe, también, la denominación de HTX-283A.

Síntesis

Referencias

Alcaloides
Toxicología
Zoología

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Home ALBUM REVIEWS Album Review: Miley Cyrus "Bangerz"
Album Review: Miley Cyrus "Bangerz"
regg
We all experience drastic changes throughout our lives. Remember when your mom looked at you one day and said "When did you start doing that?" or "When'd you get so tall?" Well it's kind of like that for Miley Cyrus except..well she's growing up in front of the World. The once Hannah Montana star isn't so young anymore, and is making what may seem to be drastic efforts in letting you know so. Justin Bieber seems to be having the same problem getting his fans to transition with him, but on Bangerz, Miley is practically force-feeding us her introduction to adulthood.
Executive Produced by Mike Will Made it, who even handles a bulk of the production, there's seems to be a bigger focus on the direction here, than you may initially think. The opener "Adore You" may take listeners by surprise, as it serves as a vulnerable ballad. Cyrus isn't equipped with powerhouse vocals but going minimal sets the tone, while "SMS" completely unravels the innocence of it's predecessor with edgier lyrics included. "I'm a female rebel, can't you tell?" she later brags on the Nelly-assisted "4×4." The production by Pharrell pays good homage to her country girl upbringing, with Nelly to help set the tone. Although she may appear to be a wreck in the making to the public, Cyrus displays she's very much in control and shows eagerness to be taken seriously in her adult life. "Wrecking Ball" addresses heartbreak and the downward spiral of a love lost, but playing up the image she's created for herself as of recent, the video had to keep us talking, and so it did.
Bangerz does an impressive job balancing both emotions of Cyrus. While she'll appear to be at her most emotional on one song, the very next she's in celebratory mode as if to melodically brush off the anger. On "Love Money Party" she brings Big Sean in on the fun, as she quickly downplays each of the three topics at hand. "Love ain't nothing but love when you learn how to love, it ain't nothing but love," she sings emotionlessly. The real highlight here can be found in "Drive." The Mike-Will production helps her soar to new heights as she recounts the heartache she endured with ex fiancé Liam Hemsworth, but she once again brushes off the pain and holds her middle fingers high on the self explanatory "FU." "I got two letters for you, one of them's F the other one's U, cause what you gotta do is go get yourself a clue," she angrily sings in a tone that would bring Adele to mind. French Montana shows up briefly, but does a good job at not spoiling the magic.
As Miley continues to grow as an artist, the shock value will be harder to reach because she seems to have it down pact at the moment. The VMA performance was only risqué so to speak, because she's a 20 year old white girl with a seemingly squeaky clean past. Bangerz sets out to differentiate her as an artist from her recent headline-worthy behavior (think the MTV Video Music Awards, and her recent knack for twerking) and for the most part does an impressive job. Artists reinvent themselves all the time, and this is no different scenario. In fact if they built on it enough, Mike Will and Miley could easily have the chemistry to that of Justin Timberlake and Timbaland. She'll eventually need to find a better balance of her emotions on record, but Bangerz has hitz.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


On Saturday, May 11, 2013 Best Line Powersports/SSRTA held DCNR Youth Certification Training at Best Line Powersports- Centre Hall location. Fourteen students attended the training.
Trainers were George Holt, Eric Brooks, Dave Walker, Marty Wagner & Ty Hostetter. Ed Kitchen , Forest Ranger from Rothrock State Forest also helped with the training and made a presentation. At the end of the class session, Ed invited everyone outside to look at an atv. This was not just any atv, it was an atv that a 16 year old boy lost his life.
The wrecked atv was from Perry County, Tuscarora State Forest. The accident was investigated by Ranger Steve Shaffer. He advised Ed Kitchen that the parents of the youth killed wanted to utilize the atv to help prevent future accidents and deaths.
Parents and students paid close attention to Ed speaking about the incident and how to prevent such things from reoccuring. Hopefully, this class and the atv will have an every lasting impression on those attending the training prevent future accidents.
The rain did not stop the children from having their training and enjoying a great time as well. They seem to all love the mud and enjoyed a lunch provided by Bestline and Snow Shoe Rails to Trails.
The Center County Probation Office provided a group of people to help with community service. Ken Mehallow led a crew to collect waste from the Avondale to about 1/2 mile past the Black Bear Bridge. Then from the town Casanova to the Black Bear Trailhead. Jack Miller led a crew collecting trash on the trail and installed several signs from Black Bear Trailhead to viaduct bridge. George Holt led a crew installing sign post, plywood and corporate signs at Black Bear Trailhead. Trilby Mayes led a crew collecting waste as well as reposting the entire Informational Board at Black Bear Trailhead. Then, Trilby also supervised the crew to finish painting the gate and several pieces of fence railing at Gillentown Trailhead recently installed by Brooks Welding.


The place has been created by the force of nature around 15 millions years ago. Underground caverns, richly decorated chambers, beautifully illuminated staircases, lakes and chapels were created by generations of miners for over 700 years.The venue was registered on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1978. Visitors take 380 steps down and then walk through Tourist Route- a series of chambers full of carvings and statues, next to beautifully illuminated underground lake, chapel of St. Kinga, which is completely decorated with salt.


The event will kick off at 9:00 a.m. with a FREE pancake and sausage breakfast, which will be served until 10:00 a.m. in the sanctuary.
The Easter egg hunt with nearly 1500 eggs will take place at 10:00 a.m. Children 10 and under are invited to participate in the egg hunt with their own Easter baskets, and there will be a separate area for children under the age of 4. There will also be a golden egg in each area, and the finder of the golden egg will win a special prize!
Additional activities, such as a bounce house, face painting presented by MOPS of the Golden Isles, and outdoor fun and games will be available throughout the event. There will also be a photo booth area on our back patio where you and your family can capture memories with your own camera.
The event is free and open to the public, but we are encouraging sign-ups in advance. Each person who signs up in advance will be entered into a drawing for a grand prize!* The grand prize will be announced shortly before the egg hunt at approximately 9:45 a.m.
*Preregistration closed at 12:00 p.m. EDT on Friday, April 12. Must be present at the event to win the grand prize.
Is this a completely outdoor event?
Not quite. The pancake breakfast will take place inside our sanctuary and kitchen. We also have restrooms inside the building that you will have access to for the duration of the event. The remainder of the activities will be outside. We have a large, grass field for the egg hunt and outdoor games. Because most of your time will likely be spent outside with your children, we highly recommend sun screen, bug spray, closed-toe shoes, and play clothes for the event. This is a laid back, casual day of family fun, so plan like you would for any day at the park!
Yes! We have a large parking lot and a great deal of flat, grassy parking for overflow needs. We will have parking attendants to assist you with finding a place to park and directing you to the front entrance of the building.
Unfortunately, they are not. Since our breakfast will be inside, and since there will be many small children running around the field, we will not be able to accommodate pets at the event. We love our pets, but we want the Spring Fling to be about our kiddos!
Do we need to be there right at 9:00 a.m.?
No. Breakfast will be served until 10:00 a.m., so you are welcome to arrive any time after 9:00 a.m. However, the egg hunt will take place promptly at 10:00 a.m., and we will announce the grand prize winner shortly before the egg hunt, so you don't want to miss that!
How do we get to Golden Isles Presbyterian Church?
Our address is 48 Hampton Point Drive, SSI, 31522. We located on the north end of St. Simons Island, near Hampton Point. Go north on Frederica Road to the roundabout by Oglethorpe Memorial Gardens; take the first road to the right (Lawrence Road). Continue 3.8 miles to the church, which will be on the left.
When will preregistration end (for a chance to win the grand prize)?
We will close preregistration for the event at 12:00 p.m. EDT on Friday, April 12, 2019. However, you are still welcome to attend the event, whether you sign up in advance or not! Preregistration just makes our jobs easier in planning for the event, and as a token of our appreciation, we are entering those who do sign up in advance in a drawing for our grand prize.
Preregistration for the event closed at 12:00 p.m. EDT on Friday, April 12. However, you can still come to the event even if you did not get a chance to sign up in advance.
Will the event still take place if it rains?
Yes! We will just make a few modifications and move our fun inside!


The benefits associated with live streaming an event have made it an increasingly popular choice for many executives. Yet live streaming a large corporate event can be intimidating if you have never done it before; especially if it is a town hall meeting with thousands of attendees.
Live streaming enables you to reach a wider audience, build closer connections with viewers, and provide a lot of content for on-demand viewing at a later date.
You will want to invest in a platform with the features and functionality that support streaming. Look for solutions that include flexible deployment options, interactive features, and the ability to live stream to unlimited audiences. Depending on how stringent your organization is on branding, you may also want a solution with a lot of customization options so your brand carries over. No matter what technology you decide on, make sure it allows you to reach every single employee regardless of their network, browser, or device.
Just like you would any other meeting, you will want to ensure that a rough script outline ahead of time. Include primary talking points, as well as notes to address anticipated questions. Your script doesn't need to be overly long or detailed, but having a general framework will help you stay on track on the day of your big meeting.
Once you have the technology in place you will want to ensure the equipment is ready to go. This can be a little intimidating if you've never streamed live before, but it's also a critical step. Even the best software won't help if your audience can't hear you or see you. Test your audio ahead of time, and determine if you need a separate microphone. You also need to determine if you will be streaming through a computer, mobile device, or through both. Each one has its own advantages and disadvantages, so be sure to test it out ahead of time.
Modern streaming platforms carry sophisticated features often worth exploring. To get the most out of your town hall meetings, make use of all the features your enterprise video solution offers. Since a key factor in determining if your corporate communications are effective is employee engagement, ensure your new solution can track levels of engagement with the content you're delivering by using built in interactive tools like chat, moderated Q&A, polls, and surveys. Further, if you are wanting to include things like PowerPoint slides or pre-recorded video messages, make sure that your new solution allows for that as well. It's important that your new solution allows to take advantage of the tools you're already familiar with. And remember, the more interactive you can make your town hall, the more likely employees will want to participate in the discussion.
Repurposing content is one of the best ways to get the most out of your town hall meetings. In addition to posting the broadcast in a channel for on demand viewing, you could also use the transcript to create a blog post, an infographic, or even a podcast for employees (both those who missed the presentation, and potential new hires) to listen to.
It's easier than ever before to measure and gauge success. Check all your analytics and determine what can be improved. Did your audience tune in for the entire broadcast? Or did they drop off part way through? Did your audience fail to ask enough questions? Whatever metrics you are monitoring, make sure you learn everything you can, so the next town hall is even better.


The Antarctic Ocean has been sucking more and more carbon dioxide – and this is both good news and bad news. For the Ocean's inhabitants it's bad news because it increases acidity, which is extremely harmful; for everyone else, it's good news, because it mitigates the effects of climate change. It's unclear for how much more this will continue to last though.
The Antarctic Ocean, also known as the Southern Ocean, absorbs vast quantities of CO2 from the atmosphere – up to 25% of the entire planet's intake. But a new study found that in recent years, it's been doing even more work, with absorption growing to 1.2 billion tonnes in 2011 – as much as the entire European Union emits in one year.
"It's good news, for the moment" for efforts to slow man-made global warming, Nicolas Gruber, an author of the study at Swiss university ETH Zurich, told Reuters.
However, he also said that it's unclear how long this sink will continue to last.
"The Southern Ocean is much more variable than we thought," he said of the report by an international team in the journal Science and based on 2.6 million measurements by ships over three decades.
Some scientists proposed that the sink might have begun to fill up since 2005, but that was proven wrong by further research – the sink has in fact grown. But it's important to note that even with this growth, the CO2 that's in our atmosphere has grown more and more.
Unfortunately, future predictions cannot be made accurately because there are many factors we don't understand and can't account for. For example, it's unclear how large-scale climate phenomena such as El Niño and La Niña play into the equation. It seems reasonable to predict that local weather will affect the carbon intake though.


Crisp, clean, and ultra-stylish, this Rado True Ladies' Watch is the epitome of contemporary-luxe design. With its bold, black silhouette, this sleek and sophisticated timepiece features a flawless black dial with gold-toned hands and diamond indexes, set within a 30mm, black ceramic case, and secured with a black ceramic bracelet strap. Demonstrating the brand's unrivalled attention to detail, this high performance watch is water resistant to 50m and is powered by advanced automatic movement.


Special - with the specified properties at the request of the client.
1. Input control of raw materials.
2. Control of finished products.
At the enterprise, the analysis is carried out using the RIDA-QUICK Gliadin test system manufactured by R-Biopharm Germany, external control is carried out in the SE Poltava Regional Scientific and Technical Center for Standardization, Metrology and Certification accredited in accordance with the requirements of ISO / IEC 17025: 2006.


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Michelle Christensen is a U.S. car designer. She was Acura's first female exterior designer. Since 2005 Christensen has worked for Acura and was the lead designer of the second generation Honda NSX.

Christensen grew up in San Jose, California. She learned about the mechanics of cars from her father, who was into hot rods and muscle cars. In school she developed an interest in drawing and fine art and at community college she learned about car design and went on to study at Art Center College of Design in Pasadena. Christensen said that car design is the ideal blend of her passions, "art, cars, and making things for people."

Christensen undertook an internship at Volvo's Camarillo studio in California before joining Acura in 2005. She briefly worked for General Motors in 2010 before returning to Acura as Lead Principal Designer at Honda R&D. The 2016 Honda NSX was her first project as the lead designer.  Christensen received the Woman on Top award from Marie Claire magazine.

In 2018, Christensen worked briefly at Faraday Future and then was appointed Senior Manager of Design with Nissan Design America

Car designs

Acura ZDX (concept design) 2009
Acura RDX
Acura RL sedan facelift
Acura RLX sedan
Honda NSX (second generation) 2015

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Art Center College of Design alumni
American automobile designers
Women automotive engineers
21st-century women engineers


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Vols Football
Report: Texas Motor Speedway wants to host a college football game
Pregame festivites at the Bristol Motor Speedway before the Battle at Bristol.
Author: Andrew Weil
Published: 9/29/2016 1:32:05 PM
Updated: 3:58 PM CDT September 29, 2016
Following the overall success of the Battle at Bristol, other racetracks are eyeing the opportunity to host some major college football rivalries at their venues, according to a report.
The president of Texas Motor Speedway told SECCountry.com that he liked what he saw when the University of Tennessee played Virginia Tech at Bristol Motor Speedway earlier this month.
"I didn't hear a single complaint, nothing but just how spectacular it was. I talked to a bunch of fans – they had no idea who I was, so I just listened to them – and they all loved it," Eddie Gossage told SEC Country.
According to the report, Texas Motor Speedway actually first pitched the "college football inside a racetrack" idea to Texas and Oklahoma back in 2002 but the Longhorns weren't on board.
But now that Battle at Bristol brought in a record-breaking crowd, the chance that it could happen again is plausible.
Tennessee Vols and Virginia Tech Hokies in the Battle at Bristol
General view of the Bristol Motor Speedway at the Battle at Bristol
Virginia Tech celebrates a touchdown during the first half agains the Tennessee Vols at the Battle at Bristol.
Tennessee Vols quarterback Joshua Dobbs drops back to pass in the first half at the Battle at Bristol
Virginia Tech Hokies line up against the Tennessee Volunteers during the first half at Bristol Motor Speedway.
Virginia Tech Hokies quarterback Jerod Evans waits for the ball during the first half in the Battle at Bristol.
Vols quarterback Joshua Dobbs runs the ball in the first half in the Battle at Bristol.
Vols running back Jalen Hurd runs the ball in the first half of the Battle at Bristol
Tennessee Volunteers defensive back Micah Abernathy recovers a fumble during the first quarter against Virginia Tech at the Battle at Bristol.
Peyton Manning before the start of the Battle at Bristol.
Former Virginia Tech Hokies player Michael Vick on the sidelines during the first half of the Battle at Bristol.
Peter Casey, USA TODAY Sports
Vols quarterback Joshua Dobbs scores a touchdown during the second quarter of the Battle at Bristol.
Tennessee Vols coach Butch Jones in the first half against Virginia Tech at the Battle at Bristol.
WBIR
Tennessee's Pride of the Southland Band ahead of the Battle at Bristol
Vols checkerboard endzone at the Bristol Motor Speedway
Vols smokey the dog at the Battle at Bristol
Tennessee Vols player pregame before the Battle at Bristol
Vols pregame runs at the Battle at Biristol
Tennessee cheerleaders pose for a photo prior to the start of the Battle at Bristol
Vols Smokey mascot poses with fans prior the Battle at Bristol.
Vols Smokey mascot prior the Battle at Bristol
Colossus scoreboard at the Battle at Bristol
Vols pregame fan photo at the Battle at Bristol
Malone broke out in 2016, racking up 972 receiving yards and 11 touchdowns, then ran a 4.40 at the NFL Combine. Originally considered a late-round pick, ESPN's Mel Kiper Jr. now thinks he could go in the third or fourth round.
Virginia Tech quarterback Jerod Evans runs the ball against Tennessee in the Battle at Bristol.
Jalen Hurd runs the football in the Battle at Bristol.
Virginia Tech quarterback Jerod Evans passes the ball against Evan Berry in the Battle at Bristol.
Gossage told SEC Country bringing back the Texas-Texas A&M rivalry could even be in play.
"That would be a perfect game for us, because that's a special one. That was one you always looked forward to. Maybe to revive it, something like this would help," he said.
The SEC Country report also tossed around the possibility of other big game scenarios like an Alabama-Auburn matchup inside Talladega Motor Speedway or having Daytona Motor Speedway host a game.
But both of those tracks, and even Texas Motor Speedway, make the half-mile Bristol track seem tiny in comparison.
One Twitter user pointed out that Bristol Motor Speedway fits comfortably inside Texas Motor Speedway.
Football at Texas MS is a bad idea. While The Big House fits inside Bristol, Bristol fits inside TMS. Comfortably. pic.twitter.com/kxk2m4qCmn
— Robert Behrens (@rcb05) September 29, 2016
😏😉😏😉😏😉😏 https://t.co/3w437QToVC
— Texas Motor Speedway (@TXMotorSpeedway) September 29, 2016


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Assessment of the effect of parental presence in dental operatory on the behavior of children aged 4–7 years
Shilpa Ahuja, Kapil Gandhi, Ritika Malhotra, Rishabh Kapoor, Shraddha Maywad, Geetika Datta
Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Inderprastha Dental College and Hospital, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
Date of Web Publication 2-Jul-2018
Kapil Gandhi
Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Inderprastha Dental College and Hospital, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh
DOI: 10.4103/JISPPD.JISPPD_238_17
Background: Child presents a unique challenge to accept a dental treatment, and such a challenge gets modified by the presence or the absence of a parent in the operatory. Many dentists have reportedly and controversially used parental separation anxiety as a tool to control behavior of an uncooperative child and also to deliver quality dental treatment in young children. But is the parental separation beneficial for dentist to gain child cooperation? Aims and Objectives: The objective is to evaluate the influence of parental presence or absence in the operating room on child's behavior during dental procedure on children of 4 years and above. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out on 30 children of 4–7 years of age group, 16 (4–6 years) preschoolers, and 14 (6–7 years) early schoolers. Two consecutive restorative procedures were carried out. On a first visit, parents were present and on a second visit, separation of parents was done. Behavior rating was done by commonly used Frankel's Behavior Rating Scale. Results: Chi-square test was performed for the statistical analysis. There was no significant difference found in the child's behavior by the presence or absence of parents in the perception of dental treatment in the dental operatory. In contrast to that there was a significant increase in cooperative behavior of some children due to other factors influencing the behavior of the child with a Chi-square value = 35.296, P < 0.001. Conclusion: Parents can be excluded from the dental operatory to eliminate many behavior-related problems during the course of treatment.
Keywords: Anxiety, behavior management, early schoolers, parental separation, preschoolers
Ahuja S, Gandhi K, Malhotra R, Kapoor R, Maywad S, Datta G. Assessment of the effect of parental presence in dental operatory on the behavior of children aged 4–7 years. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2018;36:167-72
Ahuja S, Gandhi K, Malhotra R, Kapoor R, Maywad S, Datta G. Assessment of the effect of parental presence in dental operatory on the behavior of children aged 4–7 years. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent [serial online] 2018 [cited 2019 Jul 17];36:167-72. Available from: http://www.jisppd.com/text.asp?2018/36/2/167/235685
Parental factors such as child–parent relationship, parental anxiety, parent's perceptions for child's behavior in the dental operatory, parent's past dental experiences, and parental presence or absence in the operatory during dental treatment have a major role in the behavior of the child in the dental operatory during treatment.[1]
In pediatric dentistry, the long-term success of any treatment provided by a pediatric dentist highly depends on the cooperation level of a child. Being a pedodontist, to gain a level of cooperation by applying various behavior management approaches forms the base of operative dentistry. Among all, one of the important behavior management approaches is parental presence or absence in a dental operatory during dental treatment. In our daily practice, we observe that the majority of the parents do not want to get separated from their children during a dental procedure, and the same is with children too. However, the role of parental presence in the child's behavior in a dental operatory is still controversial. Is it beneficial or their presence acts as mere hindrance in developing child's rapport with the dentist? Whether parent's presence in the dental operatory during treatment helps the dentist to carry out dental treatment and instills positive behavior in the child. A wide diversity exists in practitioner philosophy and parental attitude regarding parents' presence or absence during pediatric dental treatment.[2]
The pediatric dentist must understand the ways by which the parents influence behavior of the child which will aid in the use of proper behavior guidance technique.[1] According to Kamp,[3] separation of the child from the parent eliminated many behavior-related problems and excluding the parent from the dental operatory allows the dentist to develop a rapport with the child without any interference. Starkey [4],[5] strongly advocated separation of the parent and child. While According to Olsen, one should avoid separation of the child from parents during their initial visits as their presence may help in the prediction of future child's behavior.[6] Most dental practitioners probably are more comfortable when the parents are not in the operatory. At the same time, the parents also want to be present in the dental operatory during their child's treatment and end up trusting the dentist. Such parents are simply uncomfortable if they do not visually verify their child's safety.[6] Pediatric dentists should welcome this added involvement of parents and accustomed to the concerns of parents for their children.[2]
Dentists who don't allow parents in the dental operatory during treatment make exceptions also, for example, dental treatment of a disabled child, in which parents play a major role in support and communication with the child. Another examples are very young children <4 years of age who have not yet achieved cognitive maturity to understand full verbal communication are mostly benefited by the parent's presence.[7] Separation anxiety also plays a major role in very young children.
The study was carried out in the Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Inderprastha Dental College and Hospital, Ghaziabad. The study was conducted on a sample size of 30 children of 4–7 years age group, in which 16 was preschool children of age group 4–6 years and 14 was early school children of 6–7 years age group. The children with no previous dental experience were included in the study, which required at least two simple restorative procedures and who are mentally and physically healthy. The children presenting to the emergency department and children requiring aggressive behavior management were excluded from the study. Two consecutive visits have been made. In both visits, simple restorative procedures were performed. On a first visit, at the start of visit, prediction of the parents about their child's behavior during the treatment in their presence or absence was taken. At the first visit, parents were made to present in the dental operatory during treatment. Restorative procedure was carried out by applying required behavior management technique. Basic behavior guidance technique were used, that is, Tell–Show-Do, voice control, modeling, euphemism, and contingency management. Video recording of the procedure was made while working with the handpiece and behavior rating was done using Frankel's Behavior Rating Scale at the end of the visit by an independent rater. Patient was recalled after 1 week for the next visit. Deliberate separation of parents with the patient was made in the next visit. Restorative procedure was performed. Video recording of the procedure was made while working with the handpiece and again behavior rating was done using Frankel's Behavior Rating Scale at the end of the visit by an independent rater. All restorations were performed by the single operator. An independent rater was trained and calibrated for the rating of patients. Frankel Behavior Rating Scale was used by an independent rater to rate the behavior of the child.
The variables were compared using Frankel Behavior Rating Scale to rate the behavior of child between first and second visit. Comparison of change in behavior between first and second visit was done in relation to gender and age also. Statistical analysis was done using Chi-square test.
Comparison of behavior on the first and second visit was done using Frankel's Behavior Rating Scale by an independent rater [Table 1] and [Graph 1]. It was found that, on the first visit, 20% of the children showing negative behavior were changed into definitely negative on the second visit. About 80% of children showing negative behavior on the first visit were transformed into positive score on the second visit, showed significant difference in the behavior between first and second visit. Nearly 95.8% of children showing positive score on the first visit remained unchanged on the second visit. About 4.2% of the children showing positive score on the first visit were changed with a definitely positive score on the second visit [Table 1] and [Graph 1].
Table 1: Comparison of behavior on the first and second visit
In a comparison of behavior between early and preschoolers based on age group on the first and second visit, it was found that the on the first visit, preschoolers showed slightly more negative score (29%) as compared to early schoolers (0.0%), whereas on the second visit not any significant difference was found [Table 2], [Table 3] and [Graph 2], [Graph 3].
Table 2: Comparison of behavior between early and preschoolers on the first visit
Table 3: Comparison of behavior between early and preschoolers on the second visit
In a comparison of behavior between male and female on the first and second visit, no significant difference related to gender was found [Table 4], [Table 5] and [Graph 4], [Graph 5].
Table 4: Comparison of behavior between male and female on the first visit
Table 5: Comparison of behavior between male and female on the second visit
The triad formed by the dental team, child, and parents influences the pediatric dental care, so each part of triad interrelates and their relationships are very dynamic.[8] A good communication with the parents and child is considered to be the first and foremost step in the development of positive attitudes in the child and parents about dentistry.[9] According to the current study, most of the parents wanted to be present in the operatory and be involved more actively. The parent's prediction about their child's behavior in their absence was taken in the very first visit, and it was found that mostly parents felt their presence would make the children more comfortable. The results are similar to the survey of Kamp in 1982, who found 66% of parents wanted to be present in the operatory and 92% of these parents felt that their presence would make the child more comfortable.[3] These results are similar to several studies on parental presence in the dental operatory while doing dental procedures. Frankel [10] found that 92% of mothers wanted to be present in the operatory while treatment and 37% of them felt that their child feels secured with their presence. In accordance to survey of Bauchner et al.[11] found that 78% of parents expressed a preference of their presence in a hospital emergency room during medical procedures and that 91% of them believed that the child would feel comfortable in their presence. In a study of Boj and Azanza,[12] parents were asked about their child's behavior in their presence, and 60% of the parents predicted that their children would behave better when they are present in the operatory; however, 90% responded, they would not mind waiting outside.
In the current study, the age of 4–7 were chosen, as separation anxiety plays a major role in very young children below 4 years of age, which is a normal stage of development and it should fade as child gets older. It is a necessary and healthy adaptation made by a child to develop psychologically and emotionally.[13] Another reason is that children <4 years of age, who are not mature enough to understand full verbal communication are mostly benefited by the parent's presence.[7] At the age of 4–7 years, psychological and emotional development occurs and after the age of 7 years, there is a development of trust and autonomy, so the parental presence or absence does not play a significant role. Considering above-stated factors, the age group of 4–7 years was found to be more appropriate for the current study. Frankel et al.[14] reported that children of age group 41–49 months showed more negative behavior in the absence of their parents in operatory during dental treatment than their unseparated counterparts, while children more than 4 years of age presented no significant differences in behavior in the absence or presence of parents. Guthrie [15] supported the parental presence during dental treatment of children 3 years or younger due to the normal developmental factor termed as "separation anxiety," Marcum et al.[16] surveyed 90 pediatric dentists. About 90% of them allowed parents for dental examination of children <4 years and 40% did not allow parents for restorative procedures with children <4 years. This increased trend of parental presence in the operatory might be due to increased awareness of separation anxiety.
In the current study, basic behavior guidance techniques like verbal and nonverbal communication, Tell-Show-Do, voice control, and contingency management were used because they are most commonly used and they form the foundation for all of the management activities provided by the dentist.[2] Children, however, occasionally present with behavior considerations that require more advance techniques. At the start of the appointment, making interactions with child can help in establishing trust and rapport with the dentist.[17] Communication is a subjective process that is an extended personality of the dentist. It is always associated with other management techniques, that is, Tell-Show-Do, voice control, nonverbal communication, contingency management, and distraction.[2]
In the current study, parental presence or absence did not influence the child behavior, which is similar to the result of many studies by different authors. Lewis and Law [18] found no difference in children's behavioral response between mother-present or mother-absent groups in the dental operatory during treatment. Venham [19],[20] gave choice to parents and children regarding separation. Parents and children did not choose to separate initially, but over many appointments, separations occurred. There were no differences in the behavior of children between parental presence or absence. Pfefferle et al.[5] examined the behavior of 48 children 36–60 months old and found no significant differences between children of separated parents and nonseparated parents for any behavioral changes. The recent survey of Vasiliki et al.[21] also found the similar results as above. In contrast to the above, in a recent study of Nathan et al.,[22] parent's presence played an important role for children 30 months of age or older. Parent's presence was found to be significant for examinations and treatment visits. Increasing trends to permit parents in the operatory during examination and treatment appear to emerge.
In contrast to that there was a significant increase in cooperative behavior of some children. This difference in the outcome is due to other factors influencing the behavior of the child such as child's coping ability, desensitization, personality characteristics, mother's anxiety, and behavior management approach of the dentist.[23] In a Cox's study on 90 children, it was concluded that according to the dentist, the child's behavior was better in the absence of parents in the operatory during treatment.[23]
In the present study, children were divided into two age groups, that is, 4–6 and 6–7 years for statistical evaluation. No significant differences were found in behavior related to age. On a first visit, preschoolers showed slightly more negative score when compared to early schoolers, whereas on the second visit, not any significant difference was found. This difference in the behavior of the child in the first and second visit may also be due to other factors as stated above such as child's coping ability, personality characteristics, desensitization, mother's anxiety, and behavior management approach of the dentist.[23] Pfefferle et al. divided children for statistical analysis into two groups of 36–47-month-old and 48–59-month-old and he found no statistically significant difference between two age groups.[5]
The present study also divided children according to sex to see if there is any significant difference of behavior between male and female. There were no significant differences in behavior between males and females. The findings of the current study was supported by the many authors Wright and Alpern,[24] Venham,[20] Frankel et al.,[14] and Pfefferle et al.[5] These results are in contrast to the result of Shirley and Poyntz's study, who found that girls showed more matured behavior than the boys.[25]
This study demonstrates the significance of parental separation as behavior management approach. Within the scope of the study and the variables, it can be recommended to exclude parents from the dental operatory to eliminate many behavior-related problems during the course of treatment. Basic behavior guidance techniques such as verbal and nonverbal communication, Tell-Show-Do, voice control, and contingency management form the foundation for all of the management activities provided by the dentist.
Suprabha BS, Rao A. Role of parent in behavior guidance of children in dental operatory: Current trends. Int J Adv Res 2015;3:466-70.
American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Guideline on behavior guidance for the pediatric dental patient. Pediatr Dent 2015;37:180-93.
Kamp AA. Parent child separation during dental care: A survey of parent's preference. Pediatr Dent 1992;14:231-5.
Starkey PE. Training office personnel to manage children. In: Wright GZ, editor. Behavior Management in Dentistry for Children. Ch. 12. Philadelphia, USA: WB Saunders; 1975. p. 225-7.
Pfefferle JC, Machen JB, Fields HW, Posnik WR. Child behavior in the dental setting relative to parental presence. Pediatr Dent 1982;4:311-6.
Olsen NH. The first appointment – A mutual evaluation session. J Dent Child 1965;32:208-11.
Wright GZ, Stigers JL. Nonpharmacologic management of children's behaviors. In: McDonalds RE, Avery DR, Dean JA, editors. Dentistry for the Child and Adolescent. 9th ed. St. Louis: CV Mosby; 2011. p. 27-40.
Wright GZ, Starkey PE, Gardner DE. Parent-Child Separation: Managing Children's Behavior in the Dental Office. St. Louis, Mo: CV Mosby Co.; 1983. p. 57-74.
McTigue DJ. Behavior management of children. Dent Clin North Am 1984;28:81-93.
Frankel RI. The papoose board and mothers' attitudes following its use. Pediatr Dent 1991;13:284-8.
Bauchner H, Vinci R, Waring C. Pediatric procedures: Do parents want to watch? Pediatrics 1989;84:907-9.
Boj JR, Azanza N. The Presence of Parents in the Dental Operatory. Research Abstract Presentations Section III, 44th Annual Session. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry; 1991. p. 13.
Robillard D. Separation anxiety in infants. AARN News Lett 1994;50:16-7.
Frankel SN, Shiere FR, Fogels HR. Should the parent remain in the operatory? ASDC J Dent Child 1962;29:150-62.
Guthrie A. Separation anxiety: An overview. Pediatr Dent 1997;19:486-90.
Marcum BK, Turner C, Courts FJ. Pediatric dentist's attitudes regarding parental presence during children's dental procedures. Pediatr Dent 1995;17:432-6.
Nash DA. Engaging children's cooperation in the dental environment through effective communication. Pediatr Dent 2006;28:455-9.
Lewis TM, Law DB. An investigation of certain anatomic responses of children to a specific dental stress. J Am Dent Assoc 1958;57:769-77.
Venham LL, Bengston D, Cipes M. Parent's presence and the child's response to dental stress. ASDC J Dent Child. 1978;45:213-7.
Venham L. The effect of mother's presence on a child's response to dental treatment. J Dent Child 1979;46:51-7.
Vasiliki B, Konstantinos A, Vassilis K, Nikolaos K, van Loveren C, Jaap V, et al. The effect of parental presence on the child's perception and co-operation during dental treatment. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2016;17:381-6.
Nathan JE, Rayman MS, Golden BE, Vargas KG. Discretionary parental presence in the dental operatory: A survey of pediatric dentists and parents. Pediatr Neonatal Nurs Open J 2015;2:50-61.
Cox IC, Krikken JB, Veerkamp JS. Influence of parental presence on the child's perception of, and behaviour, during dental treatment. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2011;12:200-4.
Wright GZ, Alpern GD. Variables influencing children's cooperative behavior at the first dental visit. ASDC J Dent Child 1971;38:124-8.
Shirley M, Poyntz L. Children's emotional responses to health examinations. Child Dev 1945;16:89-95.
[Table 1], [Table 2], [Table 3], [Table 4], [Table 5]
Ahuja S
Gandhi K
Malhotra R
Kapoor R
Maywad S
Datta G
early schoolers
parental separation
Article in PDF (963 KB)


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About Baxters
Argents Hill
Aunty Kath's
Argents Hill Country Cuisine
"Be different, be better".
The words of George Baxter encapsulate such a simple principle, yet they laid the foundations for our Scottish family business that has spanned four generations. It's been a fascinating journey; one we'd love you to join us on.
1868 1916 1920s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s Today
The First Shop Opens
25 year old George Baxter has been working as a gardener for the Duke of Richmond and Gordon on the Gordon Castle Estate when he decides, with encouragement from friends and family, to start his own grocery business.
George Baxter borrows £100 from family members to open a small grocery shop in the village of Fochabers.
Here, in the back shop, his wife Margaret begins making jams and jellies with fruits from the local area. They are an instant hit with the Duke and his many guests and this quality ensures Baxters delicious products find their way to the table at Gordon Castle.
A New Factory
George and Margaret's son William buys some land from the Duke of Richmond and Gordon.
Together with his wife Ethel, he builds a factory and positions it exactly 120 yards from the River Spey.
While Ethel creates an exceptional range of jams, William travels by bicycle and train to market them the length and breadth of Scotland.
The First Canning Begins
With the aid of a hired canning machine, Ethel pioneers the airtight canning of locally grown fruit.
As a result, Baxters becomes one of the first companies in Scotland to produce canned fruits in syrup, including strawberries, raspberries and plums.
From Jams to Soups
Inspired by a the sheer abundance of fine local produce, Ethel Baxter begins creating a range of high quality soups including the original recipe for the now famous Royal Game soup with venison from the hills of Upper Speyside.
Orders from the likes of Harrod's and Fortnum and Mason's soon come flooding in.
Ena Joins The Company
A turning point in the Baxter story is when talented artist and cook, Ena Baxter joins the family company and with husband Gordon, creates an exciting new range of Scottish soups based on traditional recipes including Cock-a-leekie, Scotch Broth and Chicken Broth.
The foundations for the present day Baxters enterprise are set.
By Royal Appointment
Becoming World Famous
Baxters is now supplying fine quality soups to shops and delicatessen stores all over the world.
Gordon and Ena develop 'The Best of Scotland' concept, which includes speciality foods, gift packs and tabletop accessories for top department stores in Europe, America, South Africa, Japan and Australia. Gordon and Ena are inundated with orders.
Another Innovation
The company's reputation for innovation continues when Baxters becomes the first company in the UK to introduce twist-top caps on 12oz jars for preserves.
Baxters on TV
Baxters becomes the Number One producer of beetroot products in the UK.
Beetroot in vinegar was first made in the 1920's when William Baxter purchased half a ton of the root vegetable, which wife Ethel then cooked, hand sliced and bottled in Orleans Wine vinegar.
The UK's Biggest Beetroot Producer
New Flavours For A New Era
Already established as the UK's leading premium soup brand, Baxters continues to grow rapidly - thanks to Ena and Gordon's response to ever changing consumer tastes.
This formidable business duo now begins to experiment with more exotic flavours, preparing the company for a new and exciting era.
Audrey Takes Over
Gordon Baxter hands over his title of Managing Director to his daughter Audrey.
Together with her brother Andrew, Audrey begins to develop an enticing new range of products for both the UK and overseas markets.
A Royal Visit
A very proud day for all at Fochabers, when the company's 125 years of food making is marked with a visit from HRH Prince of Wales.
Audrey Baxter and her management team run a company of which her great grandparents could never have dreamed of.
The sheer scale of the operation now based in sites throughout the UK and food manufacturing operations in Canada (est.2004), Australia (est.2007) and Poland (est.2007), and the science and technology that underlies it may be far removed from the little village shop in Fochabers…but the ethos remains the same…be different, be better.
Baxters commitment to food of the highest quality brings Royal recognition during the 1950's.
HM Queen Elizabeth II, HM Queen Elizabeth, The Queen Mother and HM Gustav VI, King of Sweden grant Royal Warrants of Appointment to the company for manufacturers of Scottish Food Specialties.
Baxters Products
Baxters Chutney
Baxters Relish
Baxters Privacy Policy


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Home Local News US-born girl rescued from Syrian camp after growing up under ISIS
US-born girl rescued from Syrian camp after growing up under ISIS
A US-born 8-year-old girl who grew up with her ISIS parents has been rescued from a Syrian camp — and is now awaiting word to see if she can return to the US, according to a report.
Aminah Mohamad, the daughter of an American woman from Tennessee, had been living under ISIS control since 2014 before being sent to a Kurdish-controlled detention camp where she was rescued July 17, according to Buzzfeed.
On Saturday, she was interviewed by the International Center for the Study of Violent Extremism about her life with the terror group, ex-diplomat Peter Galbraith told the outlet.
"She clearly self-identified as Amina and talked about her family with deep sadness," said the rescue group's director, Anne Speckhard.
Speckhard said the girl "doesn't have a clear context as to where she is from," and said Aminah needs "a safe, predictable and loving environment to replace the traumatic one (she) lived under."
The girl's rescue was made possible by Galbraith and a Canadian woman who met her mother while living under ISIS, which she has since denounced.
"Children in the camps have the worst start to life," the woman, whose name was withheld by Buzzfeed, said. "They are already traumatized by losing one or more parents and growing up around violence, poverty and misery."
"They deal with constant danger, lack of food, lack of education, and their lives are simply going to waste," she said.
Aminah Mohamad is now reportedly in the process of returning to the United States from Syria.
AP Photo, File
Aminah's mother, Ariel Bradley, was an evangelical Christian who converted to Islam and later married Yasin Mohamad, a Swedish Muslim, through an arranged marriage.
The family lived in Sweden but eventually relocated to ISIS-controlled territory in the Middle East, where they lived under the terror group's rigid guidelines.
According to Buzzfeed, Mohamad was killed in an airstrike in June 2015, and her mother remarried a devout ISIS follower, an Australian named Tareq Kamleh.
When both Bradley and Kamleh were killed in 2018, Aminah was turned over to another of her stepfather's wives, a Somali woman who remained devoted to the terror group.
Galbraith, who has worked for years to free women and children held in the detention camps, eventually worked with Kurdish sources to free the Canadian woman and, eventually, Aminah and others in the camps.
Galbraith said that, once he learned the 8-year-old was in one of the camps, he "couldn't just leave her there if it was possible to get her out."
"This is a part of the world where I've worked for decades," the former diplomat told the outlet. "I have friendships and contacts in a part of the world where relationships are very important."
The US State Department would not comment on the case or confirm that efforts to get Aminah to her native country were underway.
"My ability to do anything is limited," Galbraith said. "But I want the people who make the decisions to know where she came from and what she went through."


I feel Mr. Mirza Baig has given you the right idea and how you must go about, which I fully endorse.
Please follow them, you will be able proceed the right way and get the desired result.
Where are you doing the course and in what mode? Have you got access to an organisation in which you will collect primary data? If so, have you got a mentor there? Any study you do ther should be of benefit to the organisation. Hence, let us know if you have discussed with them about what they like to get out of your study? Have you read any literature about the topic? if you have not, please search CiteHr and other sources to study previous reports/articles on the topic.
I give these pointers instead of giving links, as I have found people do not give enough info as to what they have done and we spend time searching only to be told that the blogger has already done what we suggested.
I'll go with Mr. Simhan and he has raise really important questions. Please answer and share more details..
Are you on internship with any company/organization or have permitted to work on with any company/organization for this purpose?
Do you know what is most important for MBA (Student) Project work and what skills and things are required to work on a project? The very first thing which is most important to work on a project is UNDERSTANDING of a subject which comes with subject/topic selection and thereafter, one start working on it.
And in your case the subject you have assigned "Employee Motivation", you dont know anything about it. Therefore, the big question here is how can you work on this subject. As Mr Simhan said that if you are permitted to work with any Organization, can help you in that but if not, you need to request to your university/senior/mentor's help to approach company/organization so that you can get access to organization and work on your project.
Kindly find attached project report on Motivational Theories used in insurance sector that will give you the rough idea about the project you are looking for.
Also we are looking for an intern at Indiamart Intermesh Ltd for Mumbai/Andheri(e) branch.
I am very very happy that i got such a wonderful feedback on my question, i am very glad that i got such a wonderful people around me to suggest me, and Thank you Mr. Nitin Thulkar, anilkr.arora, nashbramhall, i am very thank full to all of you, now i can go in a right path with all these guidelines.
I have approached a company called "SAI ADVANTIUM PHARMA LIMITED" a pharmaceutical industry, and i got the permission to do the project in their premises and even i have started working as per the above guidelines, i have discussed about this topic with the company HR MANAGER, he is very supportive to me, he has given me all the necessary primary data, even i have done the survey for the actual data collection, now i am analyzing, comparing the data with the data collected.
Employee engagement activity for employee motivation and team building?
Employee Motivation how much it impacts an Organization? Do I really need to bother about it?
Leadership styles and the differences between transactional and transformational leadership styles?
Why are the candidates working in the insurance sector not stable ?????/??


The distressed look has come a long way since ripped jeans. Nowadays your clothes need to be shot, nibbled or covered in fake mud to turn heads. From Gigi Hadid to Ashley Graham, everyone's at it. But why does it matter now?
The idea of pre-distressing clothes – purposefully ripping, tearing or slashing threads even before being sold – has been around for years. There are jeans that look like they've been run over by a lawnmower, T-shirts that look like they've had a packet of cigarettes put out on them and hoodies that look they've been nibbled by a rabbit.
So it takes a lot for an item of distressed clothing to make the internet prick its collective ears up. Recently, a pair of Maison Margiela trainers, complete with "heavy distressing" – read multiple rips and tears – on sale for $1,425, did just that. Twitter howled with derision. Before them came a pair of jeans from New York based luxury denim brand PRPS, complete with a "caked-on muddy coating" and a $425 price tag.
Although dropping a few grand on a pair of mangled trainers might sound like the extreme behaviour of a dedicated follower of fashion, the trend can be spotted everywhere at the moment. Gigi Hadid looks out from the cover of September's Vogue Korea wearing a pair of jeans ripped at the knee. Ashley Graham, Gisele Bündchen and Zoe Saldana have all recently stepped out in the Harlow Destroyed BFF Tee, yours, complete with neck tear, for $72 (£55).
Harvey Nichols group fashion director, Anita Barr, is calling the trend "one of the biggest in menswear for AW17" – they are adding three new brands that offer up distressing, including LA-based Amiri, which decorates T-shirts by shooting bullets through them. New face of Calvin Klein Paris Jackson appeared on the red carpet at the MTV Movie and TV Awards in May in a "Michelle my Belle" T-shirt peppered with holes. Michelle Obama wore distressed jeans (the gateway garment – after all, ripped jeans are so mainstream, even Carol Vorderman has been wearing them for years) wandering around Rome this summer.
It's a look that's big on the high street, too. Nick Tahir, head of menswear buying at River Island says it's been one of their "biggest trends of the last few seasons". Head of womenswear buying, Leanne Sabatino, says that for the new season River Island has increased its "offering to include nibbled/slashed pieces", and that, in denim, there has been a "definite uplift in the demand for distressed clothing versus 2016". Search "distressed" on Asos and hundreds of items come up.
The look might have a habit of jumping the shark: in 2014, Adidas brought out a pair of trainers covered in "handcrafted mud" and in the same year, Japanese denim brand Zoo Jeans championed jeans that had been pre-torn by lions, tigers and bears – oh my.
But the art of ageing clothes has its roots deeper than just fake mud – rips and holes are as synonymous with DIY punk fashion as safety pins and pink mohawks. The grand dame of the punk era, Vivienne Westwood, made clothes with intentional stains, rips and missing arms. And in the 80s, Comme des Garçons' Rei Kawakubo forged pieces from faded cottons, sun-baked silks and boiled woollens. In 1982 she decorated a jumper with several gaping holes and called the look "Comme des Garçons lace". Dutch avant garde designer Martin Margiela, known for his so-called "le mode destroy", championed distressing.
In the 90s, the grunge movement fed into fashion with tatters and knitwear that looked like moths had been feasting on it. In 1993 Hussein Chalayan buried a collection in his friend's garden and left it to decay for months. The 1995 collection seen by some as the "show that launched Alexander McQueen's career" featured white angular-shouldered jackets, shirts and silky dresses with tyre marks on them – one of the models even had tracks running across her body. Later in the decade, Robert Cary Williams became known for his bullet-holed T-shirts. David Bowie wore one in Italian Vogue, Sting ordered five. For the likes of Chalayan, it was akin to conceptual art – as much about the process as the product.
It can also, she thinks, be about status. Where over a century ago Norwegian-American economist and sociologist Thorstein Veblen coined the phrase "conspicuous consumption" – the idea of excessive spending on wasteful goods as "evidence of wealth" – in his 1899 book The Theory of the Leisure Class, Lau links the distressed look to "inconspicuous consumption"; flashing lots of cash, but not - at least on a very surface level – looking like you have. In the modern age, consuming conspicuously is no mean feat – luxury lines have more affordable offshoots, knock-offs look increasingly authentic and many high-end labels ape the everyday. And so paying hundreds of pounds for mangled, or muddy, jeans becomes – in a topsy turvy way – the height of luxury.
So if this is a look that is forever bubbling, why might it be particularly turbo-charged right now? It's all too tempting to draw a line between violent times and bullet-hole T-shirts, for one. And between an age where fewer people are doing the kinds of manual jobs that make for dirty jeans, and fake-mud.
What we are seeing today compared to what's gone before is, according to Glenville, "much heavier-handed … a slight overstatement". In the age of Instagram – where trends are born and burgeon on social media feeds and where designers such as Abloh like to view clothes at fittings through the lens of their iphones – clothes with extra oomph get more mileage on social media.


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Aims & Means History FAQ Catholic Worker
Shops Communities Volunteer Opportunities
A Brief Introduction to the Catholic Worker Movement
Tom Cornell
The Catholic Worker movement is made up of people motivated by the teachings of Jesus, especially as they are summarized in the Sermon on the Mount, and the teachings of the Catholic Church, in the writings of the early Fathers and the social encyclicals of the modern popes, to bring about a "new society within the shell of the old, a society in which it will be easier to be good." A society in tune with these teachings would have no place for economic exploitation or war, for racial, gender or religious discrimination, but would be marked by a cooperative social order without extremes of wealth and poverty and a nonviolent approach to legitimate defense and conflict resolution.
The movement publishes a tabloid-size organ seven times a year, The Catholic Worker. Started by an itinerant French worker-scholar (and illegal immigrant) Peter Maurin and Dorothy Day, a veteran left-wing journalist and Catholic convert, the paper was first sold in New York City, at a Communist Party May Day rally in Union Square, for a penny a copy, in 1933. The price remains the same.
Peter Maurin saw the need for a new intellectual synthesis to meet the material and spiritual crisis epitomized by the great Depression and lasting to this day, a synthesis grounded in cult, that is prayer, in culture, that is literature and the arts, and agriculture, that is labor and the crafts. Houses of hospitality in the cities would make possible direct personal response to the needs of the wounded members of the larger community through direct practice of the corporal and spiritual works of mercy. Farming communes on the land would encourage scholars to become workers and workers to become scholars while obviating unemployment and forming "cells of good living" as a practical alternative to a moribund society. In city houses and farming communes regular meetings "for the clarification of thought" would be held. People of all persuasions would dialogue, to explore the causes for the present disorder and to find a way from where we are to where we ought to be.
Peter Maurin was a man of the soil, with deep roots. His family had worked the same land, in southern France, the Languedoc, for fifteen hundred years. His region had been evangelized by Irenaeus, disciple of Polycarp, disciple of John. Peter had worked with Le Sillion, a Catholic lay movement in France for political and social democracy. He worked as a laborer and as a teacher before emigrating to Canada as a prospector. He entered the US looking for work, prospered as a private teacher of French, returned to casual manual labor in order to study at his own pace a curriculum of his own design.
Dorothy Day was a city woman, a Bohemian as well as a pioneer in the "engaged journalism" of the Left. She was born in New York City, grew up there and in Oakland, California, and Chicago before returning as a young adult to New York and a staff assignment at the daily Socialist Call. She worked on The Liberator staff and was acting editor of The Masses when it was closed by order of Attorney General Palmer during the Red Scare after World War I. Dorothy was jailed for picketing President Wilson's White House for the women's vote and participated in a hunger strike at Occoquan Prison. Her friends and fellow workers were socialists, anarchists and communists. She was an intimate as well of the literary circles in New York hat centered around Eugene O'Neil, Kenneth Burke and Malcolm Cowley. It was a heady time to be young and in New York.
And there was love. Dorothy's love, an Anglo-American named Forster, loved nature more than human society, introduced Dorothy to nature's beauty and gave her a daughter. In thanksgiving, and in hope of shielding her child from the moral confusion and pain of a rootless, secularized society, Dorothy yielded to an insistent and growing pull from the Transcendent, had he baby baptized and followed her into the Catholic Church.
Peter had an idea. Dorothy had passion and ability and an unfulfilled desire to work, as she had with the radicals of the Left, for social justice, but now as a Christian and a Catholic. Out of their meeting in 1932, the Catholic Worker was born and the paper first offered to the public five months later. Some early visitors to the Catholic Worker headquarters noted its similarity in style and tone to L'Esprit, the lay Catholic intellectual journal in Paris at that time, identified with Emmanuel Mounier, Charles Peguy and Jacques Maritain. Maritain actively encouraged the work.
The circulation of the paper quickly reached 150,000, to plummet drastically during the Spanish Civil War and World War II, when the editorial position of the paper remained consistently Christian pacifist, and many volunteers and staff members went to prison or public service camps for refusing the draft. Post war recovery was slow but steady, and the movement distinguished itself for resisting Cold War hysteria and red-baiting. The movement took a leading role in stimulating opposition to the Viet Nam War. Early in its history the movement had organized to oppose anti-Semitism and has stood steadily for racial justice.
Over the years independent Catholic Worker house of hospitality and farming communes have sprung up, now numbering over one hundred, some with their own publications. In New York hundreds are fed on a "no questions asked" basis at the soup kitchen, scores of men, women and volunteers make their home in two houses in the Bowery and a farming commune upstate. Regular Friday Night Meetings for the Clarification of Thought are held and the paper's circulation has climbed to 90,000.
Anyone may seek help at the Catholic Worker. Anyone may volunteer who has the ability to take personal responsibility and work respectfully with others. Most of the volunteers are Catholics committed to active nonviolence. There is no means test and no religious test.
The nuclear age has sharpened awareness of the need for disarmament and alternatives to war. The widening gap between rich and poor in our country and between nations has spurred greater urgency in the quest for a more just social order. But the distinguishing marks of the movement remain smallness, decentralization, personal responsibility, the personal response to persons in need in direct encounter and a search for answers to the questions that arise from that meeting: Why are there so many poor and abandoned? What is honest work? What is due workers and the unemployed? What is the relationship between political, social and economic democracy, and between these and the common good? Just where are we, where do we want to be and how can we get there? What of means and end? What does it mean to follow Jesus Christ today?
Catholic Workers attempt to alleviate the sufferings of the poor by adopting lives of voluntary poverty in order to be free for direct, personal involvement, not so much dispensing charity as sharing in the lives of others. Voluntary poverty also frees us to respond to militarism, exploitation and racism in the spirit of Christian nonviolence, with the weapons of the Spirit, prayer, penance and self-sacrifice, and the weapons forged by Gandhi, Martin Luther King and Cesar Chavez, and by the nonviolent activists with whom we work in the peace movement. We do not underestimate the task, noting that a generation after the passage of civil rights legislation large sectors of our minority populations are more depressed and isolated than ever. This struggle brings heartbreak, but it is fun, too, joy.
Catholic Worker Legacy
From the Catholic Worker movement have sprung many off-shoots, among them the Association of Catholic Trade Unionists, the Catholic Peace Fellowship and Pax Christi, USA. Catholic Worker alumni can be found on the editorial staffs of major publications, on university faculties, in labor unions and in monasteries, and occasionally in jails and prisons for acts of nonviolent civil disobedience.
It is impossible to estimate the effect the movement has had on the Church or on society in an increasingly conservative environment. By its very existence for over sixty years the Catholic Worker has had something of a reproach to both, but its fidelity to a consistent life ethic, to the prophetic tradition of Israel, and to the "gently personalism of traditional Christianity." Dorothy Day once wrote that "What we do is very little, but its like the little boy with a few loaves and fishes. Christ took that little and increased it. He will do the rest."
Tom Cornell resides at Peter Maurin Farm, 41 Cemetery Rd, Marlboro, NY 12542


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I Photographed the ISS Crossing the Full Moon at 17,500mph
John Kraus
This image was taken on November 4th, 2017 at 4:19 am in Titusville, Florida. It shows the International Space Station (with a crew of six currently onboard) transiting the full "Beaver Moon." As the ISS orbits Earth at 17,500mph, or roughly five miles per second, the transit lasted just 0.90 seconds.
This transit was visible from a narrow path stretching from the middle of Florida to the east coast. I was stationed in a very specific location, as being just several tenths of a mile can throw off a planned transit photo.
Given that the transit occurred so quickly, and I was in such a specific location, it's natural to ask how I calculated the information required to take this photo. Luckily, I didn't have to, as there's a website dedicated to finding out transit info. I had been eyeing this transit for several weeks, and the forecast showed that we'd have clear skies up in Titusville.
I used a Nikon D500 and Nikkor 200-500mm f/5.6 lens at the following settings to capture the photo: 1/3200 f/7.1 ISO 640 at 500mm.
I used a higher ISO and a quicker shutter speed to freeze the ISS, as again, it's traveling very quickly. I didn't want any motion blur.
A crop of the photo showing a closer view of the ISS flying across the face of the Moon.
The camera and lens were mounted on an equatorial mount (which in turn was on top of a tripod). Equatorial mounts are dedicated astrophotography tools designed to rotate your camera against Earth's rotation to allow for long exposures of deep night sky objects. My SkyWatcher Star Adventurer mount also has an option to track the moon. Anyone who has photographed the moon with a telephoto lens using a tripod knows that the moon will shift quite quickly in the frame. The equatorial mount cancels this movement out.
I used the website time.is as a precise clock to time the transit in correlation with transit-finder.com's info. There was some confusion among our group on whether the transit was occurring at 20 seconds past the minute or 24. I did a last-minute check and transit-finder.com showed 24 seconds past 4:19 am. I rapidly fired images at both times to ensure I'd captured something. I managed to get five frames of the transit before my camera's buffer filled up.
Editor's note: We've previously feature Kraus' work in photographing a rocket launch from 45 yards away and in "writing" your signature with a long exposure photo of the Moon.
About the author: John Kraus is a 17-year-old photographer based in Florida. He shoots a wide variety of subjects including rocket launches, landscapes, aerial photography, astrophotography, aviation, and much more around Florida. You can find more of his work on his website and Instagram.
Educational, Ideas, Inspiration, Space, Walkthroughs
astronomy, fullmoon, howitwasshot, iss, johnkraus, moon, space, telescope, transit
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Working in close collaboration with governments, private, and non-profit organizations, Supercritical Fluid Technologies designs and builds custom supercritical fluid extraction and reaction systems.
Our custom solutions incorporate and build upon many of the features found in our high end bench top systems, and facilitate the transition from laboratory-scale equipment to large scale pilot production and full scale processing systems.
A typical custom system is fully-automated, and includes a CO2 recycling system. The extremely low surface tension, low viscosity, high diffusivity, and tunable solvent strength of supercritical CO2 make it an ideal solution for a wide variety of industrial and scientific applications.
We designed and constructed a pilot scale extraction system for a major pharmaceutical firm to meet highly exacting specifications by coupling the precise pressure, temperature, and dosing control features of SFT's high end bench top equipment with a rack mounted, 20-liter extraction vessel that was ASME code rated to 10,000 psi (690 bar). Included is a simple P&ID which demonstrates the components and functionality.
In the microelectronics fabrication industry, SCF CO2 is increasingly being used as a non-toxic, environmentally-friendly alternative for device cleaning, drying, and lithographic processing. Replacing more toxic solvents with supercritical CO2 also eliminates pattern collapse, which often occurs when using traditional solvents on microelectronic devices with feature dimensions below 100nm.
A client came to us looking to use supercritical extraction technology to improve the strength, chargeability, and lifetime of lithium batteries. Through feasibility work completed in the SFT Inc. laboratories, we showed that using SCF CO2 to extract the impurities in polymeric lithium batteries does achieve the desired results. We then worked with the client to design and build a pilot scale SFE system specific to their process so they could refine the process for larger scale manufacturing.
The need for pharmaceutical grade cannabis oil has increased as researchers continue to investigate the application of cannabis oil for the treatment of various ailments such as muscle spasms, glaucoma, nausea, mood and behavioral disorders, sleep disorders, and chronic pain. With a myriad of cannabinoids present in the marijuana plant that can be used to treat a range of ailments and conditions, the investigation into producing a more effective extraction method and purer product has just begun. Supercritical Fluid Technologies has developed the SFT-NPX-10 Natural Products Extractor for researchers who want to investigate a higher quality of product using a more efficient and greener supercritical fluid carbon dioxide (scCO2) extraction process as the extraction solvent.
Not all essential oils are created equal, and the operating parameters that favor the extraction of particular bio-active compounds, flavanoids, or fragrances vary from plant to plant. For example, although humulus (beer hops) and cannabis are closely related members of the Cannabinaceae family, the conditions under which you can extract their essential oils are not. This being the case, an extractor configured to optimally extract hops is not necessarily have the same configuration as an extractor configured for extracting oil of cannabis. The SFT-NPX-10 SFE allows more ease in the separation of the bio-active cannabinoids and terpenoids from the cellulose, waxes, and colorants than is obtained when extracted with aggressive hydrocarbon-based solvents.
The science and process for isolating commercially valuable substances from plant stock begins with cleaning, cutting, and drying and progresses to a level of crushing-milling-sieving. At this point the pretreatment is considered complete and the substance extraction process begins followed by resin purification. The capsicum annuum cultivar is processed in a similar manner where an extracted oleoresin is rich in valuable substances including capsaicinoids. Purified capsaicinoids have many commercial uses including inputs for analgesic ointments, nasal sprays, pain relieving dermal patches and creams, pepper spray, and mammalian pest control in farming.  Optimizing the thermodynamic processes for supercritical fluid extraction of capsaicinoids offers an opportunity to improve the manufacturing process cost efficiency for these valuable substances.
Supercritical Fluid Technologies worked with a client to develop the optimized processing parameters to extract Red Pepper in our laboratories and then also specified, designed and deployed the pilot processing unit for this application.
A client had approached Supercritical Fluid technologies Inc. with an interest in extracting a wax from their existing product to open new markets for their high value added materials. The optimal solvent for the client's process was supercritical fluid propane. Supercritical Fluid Technologies specified, designed, and deployed a supercritical propane extraction system for this processing need that met all Class I division II safety standards for the use of propane in this process application.


text:
DROP EXTENSION — remove an extension

## Synopsis

```text
DROP EXTENSION [ IF EXISTS ] name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
```

## Description

`DROP EXTENSION` removes extensions from the database. Dropping an extension causes its component objects to be dropped as well.

You must own the extension to use `DROP EXTENSION`.

## Parameters

`IF EXISTS`

Do not throw an error if the extension does not exist. A notice is issued in this case.

_`name`_

The name of an installed extension.

`CASCADE`

Automatically drop objects that depend on the extension, and in turn all objects that depend on those objects \(see [Section 5.13](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/11/ddl-depend.html)\).

`RESTRICT`

Refuse to drop the extension if any objects depend on it \(other than its own member objects and other extensions listed in the same `DROP` command\). This is the default.

## Examples

To remove the extension `hstore` from the current database:

```text
DROP EXTENSION hstore;
```

This command will fail if any of `hstore`'s objects are in use in the database, for example if any tables have columns of the `hstore` type. Add the `CASCADE` option to forcibly remove those dependent objects as well.

## Compatibility

`DROP EXTENSION` is a PostgreSQL extension.

## See Also

[CREATE EXTENSION](create-extension.md), [ALTER EXTENSION](alter-extension.md)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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See Inside Fast Company's Offices (Or Anywhere Else) With "Google Earth For Instagram," WorldCam
By Joe Berkowitz 1 minute Read
There comes a point in many a man's life when he wonders what is happening at the Playboy Mansion. Is there a chili carnival? Is Pauly Shore still there somehow? As it turns out, though, this is what's been going on at the Playboy Mansion lately, and that information is available thanks to WorldCam.
A couple months ago, This Is Now gathered Instagram images from around the world to show the basic vibe of several regions at any given time. WorldCam, on the other hand, zeroes in on just about any given location–your favorite restaurant, your competitor's offices, a famous landmark, Fast Company HQ–to reveal on-site Instagram intelligence, with pinpoint accuracy. It's kind of like Google Earth, only with Instagram feeds instead of satellites.
WorldCam is the creation of a pair of Swedish creatives, Per Stenius and Oskar Sundberg, who work in the ad world and explore their own projects, like this, under the banner of Kindalikeabigdeal. "We were just frustrated that there wasn't any easy way to see all the latest Instagram photos taken at a specific location," says Stenius. "And wouldn't it be fun if you could see all the latest photos from the Taj Mahal, or Madison Square Garden, or a crazy club in Vegas and so on."
Sundberg says the team used Geonames.org for geographical search, Foursquare for the location search, and Instagram for the photos themselves. "It can be a bit messy working with a range of APIs like this, but it went surprisingly smooth, and had a prototype up and running very quickly," says Sundberg. "Me and Per are a bit obsessed with the details, however, so we've spent so much time moving things around just a little bit in all directions possible."