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Currently viewing: S-01 | Summary001 Key | Experimental result002 Key | (Q)SAR003 Key | Read-across (Structural analogue / surrogate)
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from April 26, 2004 to May 28, 2004
EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
Details on sampling:
During the final test singular samples for possible analysis were taken from all test concentrations and the controls.
- Frequency at t=0 h, t=24 h and t=72 h
- Volume 10 mL
- Storage Samples were stored in a freezer until analysis.
Compliance with the Quality criteria regarding maintenance of actual concentrations was demonstrated by running a test vessel at the highest substance concentration but without algae and samples for analysis were taken at the start, after 24 h of exposure and at the end of the test period. Additionally, singular reserve samples of 10 mL were taken for possible analysis. If not used, these samples were stored in a freezer for a maximum of three months after delivery of the draft report, pending on the decision of the sponsor for additional analysis.
Preparation of test solutions:
The standard test procedures required generation of test solutions, which contained completely dissolved test substance concentrations or stable and homogeneous mixtures or dispersions. The testing of concentrations that would disturb the test system were prevented as much as
possible (e.g. film of the test substance on the water surface).
The batch of the substance tested was a slightly yellowish viscous liquid and was completely soluble in test medium at the concentrations tested.
Preparation of test solutions for the range-finding test started with a stock solution of 100 mg/L applying 20 mins of magnetic stirring to accelerate the dissolving of the test substance in the test medium. For the final test a stock solution of 320 mg/L was prepared applying 25 mins of
magnetic stirring followed by a 5-min treatment period with ultrasonic waves. The test concentrations were prepared by subsequent dilutions of the stock in test medium.
The final test solutions were all clear and colourless. Due to the acidic character of the test substance an additional control was prepared in both the range-finding and final test with the same pH level as the highest concentration tested to correct for possible pH-related effects on algal growth.
After preparation, volumes of 50 mL were added to each replicate of the respective test concentration. Subsequently, adequate volumes of an algal suspension were added to each replicate providing a cell density of 10^4 cells/mL.
other: Selenastrum capricornutum, strain: NIVA CHL 1.
TEST ORGANISM
- Species: Selenastrum capricornutum, strain: NIVA CHL 1.
- Source: In-house laboratory culture.
- Reason for selection: This system is an unicellular algal species sensitive to toxic substances in the aquatic ecosystem and has been selected as an internationally accepted species.
- Stock culture: Algae stock cultures were started by inoculating growth medium with algal cells from a pure culture on agar. The suspensions were continuously aerated and exposed to light in a climate room at a temperature of 23±2°C.
The temperature of the test medium was 22.3°C at the start of the test. During the exposure period the temperature measured in the incubator was maintained between 23.6 and 23.8°C. Temperature remained within the limits prescribed by the protocol (temperature: 21- 25°C, constant within 2°C).
The pH was generally maintained within the limits prescribed by the protocol (6.0-9.0, preferably not varying by more than 1.5 unit) except at 160 mg/L, which was a consequence of the acidic character of the test substance.
10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 mg/L (nominal)
- Controls: Test medium without test substance or other additives (blank-control) and one control with pH adjusted to the level of that measured in the highest test concentration (treatment-control).
- Replicates: 3 replicates of each test concentration, 6 replicates of the blank-control, 6 replicates of the treatment-control, 2 replicates of the highest concentration without algae, 1 extra replicate of each test concentration for sampling after 24 hours of exposure.
Test procedures and conditions
- Test duration: 72 h.
- Test type: Static.
- Test vessels: 100 mL, all-glass, containing 50 mL of test medium.
- Medium: M2.
- Cell density: An initial cell density of 1 x 10^4 cells/mL.
- Illumination: Continuously using TLD-lamps of the type 'Cool-white' of 30 Watt, with a light intensity within the range of 70 to 102 μE.m-2.s-1.
- Incubation: Vessels were distributed at random in the incubator.
- During incubation the algal cells were kept in suspension by continuous shaking.
K2Cr2O7 (Potassium dichromate) in a separate study (NOTOX Project 410658).
meas. (TWA)
other: Cell growth inhibition
other: 59 to 136 mg/L
other: growth rate reduction
other: 130 to 210 mg/L
other: cell growth inhibition and growth rate
No inhibition of cell growth was observed at nominal test concentrations up to and including 80 mg/L. Algal cell growth was inhibited by 63% at the highest concentration tested, i.e. at 160 mg/L. No statistically significant inhibition of cell growth was found at nominal concentrations of 10 to 80 mg/L (Bonferroni t and Tukey test, = 0.05).
Growth rates were in the range of the blank-control at the concentrations from 10 to 80 mg/L during the 72 h test period, whereas the growth rate of algae exposed to 160 mg/L was significantly reduced, i.e. by 38%. No statistically significant reduction of growth rate was found at nominal concentrations of 10 to 80 mg/L (Bonferroni t and Tukey test, = 0.05).
Results of the analytical investigations:
Analyses showed that the measured concentrations at the start of the test were in agreement with nominal. Analysis was only considered for the nominal concentrations of 40, 80 and 160 mg/L, which were essential for determination of the toxicity parameters. Measured concentrations were 38 mg/L (96%), 73 mg/L (91%) and 149 mg/L (93%) at the expected nominal concentrations of 40, 80 and 160 mg/L, respectively. During the 72 h exposure period the measured concentrations decreased by more than 20% below initial. Based on these results, the Time Weight Average (TWA) exposure concentrations were calculated to correspond to 17, 39 and 114 mg/L, respectively.
RANGE FINDING TEST
Mean cell densities, inhibition of cell growth and reduction of growth rate
The results showed that the EC50 for both cell growth inhibition and growth rate reduction were above nominally 100 mg/L.
Stability of test substance under test conditions
The analytical results showed that measured test substance concentrations in samples taken from 10 and 100 mg/L decreased by more than 20% during the 72 h test period. The measured concentration at 100 mg/L decreased from 76 mg/L to 25 mg/L during the test period, while at 10 mg/L the measured concentration decreased from 8.6 to 0.44 mg/L during the test period.
Measured test substance concentrations
At the start of the test, the actual test concentrations were in agreement with nominal. Measured concentrations were 38 mg/L (96%), 73 mg/L (91%) and 149 mg/L (93%) at the expected nominal concentrations of 40, 80 and 160 mg/L. During the 72 h exposure period the measured
concentrations decreased by more than 20% below initial. Based on these results, the Time Weight Average (TWA) exposure concentrations were calculated.
The 72 h EC50 for cell growth inhibition and growth rate (based on TWA concentrations) were determined to be 90 and 165 mg/L, respectively, while the NOEC for both the parameters was 39 mg/L.
A study was conducted to assess the toxicity potential of the test substance to algae according to OECD Guideline 201 and EU Method C.3, in compliance with GLP. In the range-finding test, exponentially growing algal cultures were exposed to test substance concentration range of 0.1 to 100 mg/L increasing by a factor of 10. In addition, a blank and treatment-control (with adjusted pH) were tested. The results showed that the EC50for both cell growth inhibition and growth rate reduction were above nominally 100 mg/L. The project was continued with a final test exposing exponentially growing algal cultures to a blank-control and nominal test substance concentrations of 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 mg/L. In addition, a treatment-control with pH adjusted to that of the highest test substance concentration was included to correct for possible pH-related effects on algal cell growth at 160 mg/L. The initial algal cell density was 10^4 cells/mL. The total test period was 72 h. Samples for analyses were taken at the start, after 24 h of exposure and at the end of the 72 h test period.
Analyses showed that the measured concentrations at the start of the test were in agreement with nominal. Analysis was only considered for the nominal concentrations of 40, 80 and 160 mg/L, which were essential for determination of the toxicity parameters. Measured concentrations were 38 mg/L (96%), 73 mg/L (91%) and 149 mg/L (93%) at the expected nominal concentrations of 40, 80 and 160 mg/L, respectively. During the 72 h exposure period the measured concentrations decreased by more than 20% below initial. Based on these results, the Time Weight Average (TWA) exposure concentrations were calculated to correspond to 17, 39 and 114 mg/L, respectively. The study met the acceptability criteria prescribed by the protocol and was considered valid.
The 72 h EC50 for cell growth inhibition and growth rate based on TWA concentrations were determined to be 90 and 165 mg/L, respectively, while the NOEC for both the parameters was 39 mg/L (Migchielsen MHJ, 2004).
26-04-2004 to 28-05-2004
guideline study with acceptable restrictions
REPORTING FORMAT FOR THE ANALOGUE APPROACH
Further information is included in attachment to IUCLID section 13.
1. HYPOTHESIS FOR THE ANALOGUE APPROACH
The read-across is based on the hypothesis that the source and target substances have common structural features in the same relative positions. The source and target have similar physico-chemical, toxicological properties and because of common metabolism they share common or have similar breakdown products and therefore potential mechanisms of action. Further information is included in attachment to IUCLID section 13.
2. SOURCE AND TARGET CHEMICAL(S) (INCLUDING INFORMATION ON PURITY AND IMPURITIES)
The source and target chemicals have comparable chemical similarity. Further information is included in attachment to IUCLID section 13
3. ANALOGUE APPROACH JUSTIFICATION
The source substance is a chemically similar substance with common metabolism and common or similar degradants of the target substance. Further information is included in attachment to IUCLID section 13
4. DATA MATRIX
read-across: supporting information
i.e. cell growth inhibition
other: C.I. 59 to 136 mg/L
Equivalent nominal concentration: 137 (C.I. 105 to 179) mg/L
other: C.I. 130 to 210 mg/L
other: C.I. 28 to 60 mg/L
Equivalent nominal concentration: 92 (C.I. 80 to 105) mg/L
Equivalent nominal concentration: 80 mg/L
The target substance is expected to have 72-h ErC50 (aquatic algae; growth rate) > 100 mg/L (or 165 mg/) based on TWA concentrations (and/or > 100 mg/L nominal); 72-h ErC10 (algae; growth rate) = 49 mg/L based on TWA concentrations (or 92 mg/L nominal) and/or 72-h NOErC (algae; growth rate) = 39 mg/L based on TWA concentrations (or 80 mg/L nominal).
The algal growth inhibition to Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (previous name: Selenastrum capricornutum) strain: NIVA CHL 1, was carried out on a source substance according to OECD TG 201 Freshwater Alga and Cyanobacteria, Growth Inhibition Test and EU Method C.3 guidelines under GLP. In the preceding range-finding test, exponentially growing algal cultures were exposed to test item concentration range of 0.1 to 100 mg/L nominal loading concentrations). In addition, a blank and treatment-control (with adjusted pH) were tested. The results showed that the EC50 for both cell growth inhibition and growth rate reduction were above 100 mg/L nominal concentrations. A definitive test was conducted exposing algal cultures to a range of test item concentrations : 0 (control), 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 mg/L nominal loading concentrations. In addition, a treatment-control with pH adjustment was conducted at the highest test item concentration (160 mg/L nominal) to correct for potential pH-related effects on algal cell growth. The initial algal cell density was 1x10^4 cells/mL. The total test period was 72 hours. Samples for analyses were taken at the start, after 24 h of exposure and at the end of the 72 h test period. Analyses showed that the measured concentrations at the start of the test were in agreement with nominal concentrations. Measured concentrations were 38 mg/L (96%), 73 mg/L (91%) and 149 mg/L (93%) at the expected nominal concentrations of 40, 80 and 160 mg/L, respectively. Analysis was only considered for the nominal concentrations of 40, 80 and 160 mg/L, which were essential for determination of the toxicity parameters. During the 72 h exposure period the measured concentrations decreased by > 20% initial concentrations. The equivalent Time Weight Average (TWA) exposure concentrations were calculated to correspond to 17, 39 and 114 mg/L, respectively. The study met the all acceptability criteria and was considered valid. The 72-h EC50 for cell growth inhibition was 90 mg/L. The 72-h EC50 for growth rate inhibition was 165 mg/L based on TWA concentrations. The corresponding 72-h EC10 was 49 mg/L and the NOEC was 39 mg/L based on TWA concentrations.
For the target substance:
72-h ErC50 (aquatic algae; growth rate) > 100 mg/L (or 165 mg/) based on TWA concentrations (and/or > 100 mg/L nominal)
72-h ErC10 (algae; growth rate) = 49 mg/L based on TWA concentrations (or 92 mg/L nominal)
72-h NOErC (algae; growth rate) = 39 mg/L based on TWA concentrations (or 80 mg/L nominal)
(Q)SAR
results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with adequate and reliable documentation / justification
Estimation Programme Interface (EPI) Suite programme for Microsoft Windows v4.11
Contact EPISuite:
1200 Pennsylvania Ave.
N.W. (Mail Code 7406M)
2. MODEL (incl. version number)
ECOSAR v1.11 - Algae 96h EC50
19 June 2012 (model development)
3. SMILES OR OTHER IDENTIFIERS USED AS INPUT FOR THE MODEL
See attached: 'Aquatic Toxicity Predictions: Reaction products of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and diphosphorous pentoxide and water' version 1.0; dated 30 May 2018.
4. SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY OF THE (Q)SAR MODEL
Full details of the method are provided in the attached QMRF named 'QMRF Title: ECOSAR v1.11 Green Algae 96h EC50' version 1.2; updated 30 May 2018.
5. APPLICABILITY DOMAIN
See 'any other information on results incl. tables'.
6. ADEQUACY OF THE RESULT
1) QSAR model is scientifically valid. 2) The substance falls within the applicability domain of the QSAR model. 3) The prediction is fit for regulatory purpose.
The prediction is adequate for the Classification and Labelling or risk assessment of the substance as indicated in REACH Regulation (EC) 1907/2006: Annex XI Section 1.3. Specifically when combined with further information such as physico-chemistry and environmental fate testing and modelling.
other: REACH Guidance on QSARs R.6, May/July 2008
EPA OPPTS 850.5400 (Algal Toxicity, Tiers I and II) (January 2012)
This guideline is preferred for the training set but not obligatory
1. ECOSAR v1.11 - Green Algae 96h EC50
2. Aquatic Toxicity Assessment of UVCB substances using the Additivity Approach
3. Assessment of Degradability for the purpose of Classification and Labelling
Detailed information on the 'test material identity' is provided in the attached QSAR Prediction Reporting Format (QPRF) document including information on individual constituents according to point '2. Aquatic Toxicity Assessment of UVCB substances using the Additivity Approach' requirements.
1.1 mg/L
other: Additive Endpoint Values calculated in line with Block Method Approach
1. Defined Endpoint:
QMRF 3. Ecotoxic effects
QMRF 3.2. Short-term toxicity to algae (inhibition of the exponential growth rate)
Reference to type of model used and description of results:
ECOSAR v1.11 – Green Algae 96h EC50 ; 19 June 2012
Note: Effect levels for each trophic group derived from the associated ECOSAR v1.11 model classes above are provided here for completeness.
2. Description of results and assessment of reliability of the prediction:
The test item 'Reaction products of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and diphosphorous pentoxide and water'is a substance of Unknown or Variable composition, Complex reaction products or Biological Materials (UVCB). his complex substance falls under the category of substances difficult to test defined in ECHA Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment Chapter R7.b: Endpoint Specific Guidance, Appendix R.7.8-1. As the test item is difficult to test and assessment has been conducted using the block method (reference: Redman et al. PETROTOX: An Aquatic Toxicity Model for Petroleum Substances.: Env, Toxicol. Chem. 31: 2487-2506).
1) ECOSAR v1.11 – Green Algae 96h EC50
2) Aquatic Toxicity Assessment of UVCB substances using the Additivity Approach
Inputs Used for Test Item: All modelling was based on input of SMILES notation for each constituent of the test item and respective hydrolysis products (presented in the attached Aquatic Toxicity Predictions 30-05-2018 QPRF report), meaning that the process relied on modelled values for Kow and water solubility to define the blocks. This approach is in line with the PETROTOX methodology and ECHA Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment Chapter R7.b for hazard assessment of complex mixtures.
Table 1. ECOSAR Output for Consolidated Blocks of Test Item Constituents
Typical Concentration in Test Item
(% (w/w))
Log Kow
KOWWIN
Water Solubility (mg/L)
WSKOWWIN
Daphnid 48 h EC50
(mg/L)
Algae 96 h EC50
Fish 96 h
Partially soluble – Ester (phosphates)/ Methacrylates
C.B.I.
Soluble -Methacrylates
-1.72 to 1.06
1124 to
1.37 x10^5
Soluble – Esters / phosphine oxides
-0.7699 to 0.6535
11200 to 5.39 x10^5
Note: Concentration in the test item contributing to the additive endpoint values are presented in the attached Aquatic Toxicity Predictions 30-05-2018 QPRF report.
For the purpose of concluding on classification and labelling for this substance the additivity formula from Annex I, Section 4.1.3.5.2 of CLP Regulation (EC) 1272/2008 is applied to data on the known components of the substance. The effect values for the test item for each relevant trophic group are presented in the following table.
Table 2. Additive Endpoint Values for the Test Item for each Trophic Group
Endpoint Value
Daphnid
48 h EC50
96h LC50
Substance rapidly degradable: YES (OECD TG 301B, 2018)
Log Kow < 4.0: YES. (Block Method, KOWWIN v1.68, US EPA, 2018
3) Assessment of Degradability for the purpose of Classification and Labelling
The following data are considered for conclusion on classification and labelling of the test item:
Aquatic toxicity data availability: Acute
96 h EC50 for Daphnia: 0.37 mg/L
Substance rapidly degradable: YES
Log Kow: < 4
Based on the above considerations, the substance is precautionarily classified as hazardous to the environment under CLP Regulation (EC) 1272/2008: Acute Category 1: H400: Very toxic to aquatic life. Further evidence, generated at a later date may confirm the suggestion that no classification and labelling is warranted. For example: at REACH Regulation (EC) 1907/2006: Annex VIII information requirements.
Assessment of the substance within the applicability domain as documented within the corresponding QMRF named 'QMRF Title: ECOSAR v1.11 Green Algae 96h EC50' version 1.2; updated 30 May 2018 – section 5;indicates the substance:
(i) Falls within the Log Kow domain of < 5 (general domain for the model; and relevant chemical classes specific cut off);
(ii) Molecular weights of all constituents are < 1000 g/mol and;
(iii) Effect levels are predicted below the water solubility.
The ECOSAR QSAR model as detailed is not known to function by specific modes of action associated with the chemical class(es) assigned. Full references to training set data are presented within ECOSAR v1.1 Help System; if not proprietary (in such cases the chemical identification is listed as CBI, but the relevant descriptor data are provided). A summary of this information is presented by the applicant. The substances in the training set are considered analogues to the target substance since they possess relevant chemical groups and log Kow < 5 and MW < 1000 g/mol. The substance and the structural analogues share a common functional group and physico-chemical domains versus a neutral organics class (baseline toxicity). The ECOSAR class is based on similar relationships between toxicity and the various types of pharmacologic properties.
3. Uncertainty of the prediction and mechanistic domain:
No external validation set is available for the chemical class used in this prediction.
Consistency of ECOSAR data compared to measured toxicity showed 60-64 % of green algae predictions (all chemical classes assessed) within a tolerance factor of 10, which is comparable to that seen in Hulzebos & Posthumus (2003).
Uncertainty in the prediction relates to:
Limited external validation on the relevant chemical classes Model predictivity could be improved by the assignment of additional chemical categories and expansion of sub-structure rules, in addition further substances addition to the training set and rules for stereochemical effects within the model would improve predictivity. The ECOSAR QSAR model as detailed is not known to function by specific modes of action associated with the chemical class(es) assigned. ECOSAR classes are grouped based on similar relationships between toxicity and the various types of pharmacologic properties. The model does not apply a mechanistic approach to assessment of toxicity other than assignment of chemical classes (to identify potential toxicity in excess of baseline narcosis) using an expert decision tree.
The results are adequate for the for the regulatory purpose.
ECOSAR v1.11 – Fish 96h LC50 ; 19 June 2012
Additive endpoint values: Fish 96-hr LC50 111.7 mg/L
Adequacy of the QSAR:
The prediction is adequate for the Classification and Labelling or risk assessment of the substance as indicated in REACH Regulation (EC) 1907/2006: Annex XI Section 1.3.
72-h ErC50 (aquatic algae; growth rate): target : Reaction products of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and diphosphorous pentoxide and water : > 100 mg/L (or 165 mg/L) based on TWA concentrations, 72 hour, freshwater, OECD TG 201, 2021
72-h ErC10 (algae; growth rate) : target : Reaction products of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and diphosphorous pentoxide and water : = 49 mg/L based on TWA concentrations, 72 hour, freshwater, OECD TG 201, 2021
72-h NOErC (algae; growth rate): target : Reaction products of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and diphosphorous pentoxide and water : = 39 mg/L based on TWA concentrations, 72 hour, freshwater, OECD TG 201, 2021
Read-Across: source data : Reaction products of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and diphosphorus pentaoxide :
72-h ErC50 (aquatic algae; growth rate): = 165 mg/L based on TWA concentrations (or > 160 mg/L nominal), 72 hour, freshwater, OECD TG 201, 2004
72 -h ErC10 (aquatic algae; growth rate): = 49 mg/L based on TWA concentrations (or 92 mg/L nominal), 72 hour, freshwater, OECD TG 201, 2004
72-h NOErC (algae; growth rate): = 39 mg/L based on TWA concentrations (or 80 mg/L nominal), 72 hour, freshwater, OECD TG 201, 2004
Supporting previous information:
QSAR: Green Algae EC50-96h= 1.1 mg/L (additive endpoint values), ECOSAR v1.11, US EPA, 2018
EC50 for freshwater algae:
EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
Key data : OECD TG 201, 2004 : Read-Across SOURCE ( Reaction products of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and diphosphorus pentaoxide ): The algal growth inhibition to Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (previous name: Selenastrum capricornutum) strain: NIVA CHL 1, was carried out according to OECD TG 201 Freshwater Alga and Cyanobacteria, Growth Inhibition Test and EU Method C.3 guidelines under GLP. In the preceding range-finding test, exponentially growing algal cultures were exposed to test item concentration range of 0.1 to 100 mg/L nominal loading concentrations). In addition, a blank and treatment-control (with adjusted pH) were tested. The results showed that the EC50 for both cell growth inhibition and growth rate reduction were above 100 mg/L nominal concentrations. A definitive test was conducted exposing algal cultures to a range of test item concentrations : 0 (control), 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 mg/L nominal loading concentrations. In addition, a treatment-control with pH adjustment was conducted at the highest test item concentration (160 mg/L nominal) to correct for potential pH-related effects on algal cell growth. The initial algal cell density was 1x10^4 cells/mL. The total test period was 72 hours. Samples for analyses were taken at the start, after 24 h of exposure and at the end of the 72 h test period. Analyses showed that the measured concentrations at the start of the test were in agreement with nominal concentrations. Measured concentrations were 38 mg/L (96%), 73 mg/L (91%) and 149 mg/L (93%) at the expected nominal concentrations of 40, 80 and 160 mg/L, respectively. Analysis was only considered for the nominal concentrations of 40, 80 and 160 mg/L, which were essential for determination of the toxicity parameters. During the 72 h exposure period the measured concentrations decreased by > 20% initial concentrations. The equivalent Time Weight Average (TWA) exposure concentrations were calculated to correspond to 17, 39 and 114 mg/L, respectively. The study met the all acceptability criteria and was considered valid. The 72-h EC50 for cell growth inhibition was 90 mg/L. The 72-h EC50 for growth rate inhibition was 165 mg/L based on TWA concentrations. The corresponding 72-h EC10 was 49 mg/L and the NOEC was 39 mg/L based on TWA concentrations.


text:
Бійцівська рибка Штро (Betta strohi) — тропічний прісноводний вид риб з родини осфронемових (Osphronemidae), підродина макроподових (Macropodusinae).

Отримав назву на честь німецького священника-місіонера та натураліста-аматора Г. Штро (), який відкрив цей вид.

Належить до групи видів Betta foerschi, що складається з B. foerschi, B. strohi та B. mandor.

Статус Betta strohi як окремого виду піддається сумніву, існує думка, що він може бути лише локальною варіацією Betta foerschi.

Опис
Максимальна загальна довжина 7 см. Розмір досліджених 17 зразків становив 29,2-42,8 мм стандартної (без хвостового плавця) довжини. Загальна довжина становить 127,0-141,4 % стандартної. Тіло стиснуте з боків. Його висота трохи збільшується від грудних плавців до спинного, де досягає свого максимального значення (24,4-27,6 % стандартної довжини), тоді знову поступово зменшується. Лінія спини має помітний злам між головою та тілом. Голова широка, майже циліндрична. Довжина голови становить 30,3-34,7 % стандартної довжини. Рот кінцевий, зорієнтований догори. Кінчик морди прямий, розташований нижче центра ока. Спинний плавець має 1 твердий і 7-8 м'яких променів, анальний 2 твердих і 24-26 м'яких, хвостовий 11 основних променів, черевні по 6, грудні по 11-12 променів. Хвостовий плавець ланцетоподібний, анальній ззаду загострений, грудні округлі. У бічній лінії 30-31 луска. Черевні та анальний плавці в самців довші, ніж у самок.

Самці Betta strohi забарвлені інтенсивніше за самок. Основне забарвлення голови та тіла в самців чорно-коричневе із синім відтінком. Кожна лусочка у верхній половині тіла має яскраву зелену цятку. На зябрових кришках розташовані дві короткі яскраві смуги оранжево-червоного кольору. Спинний плавець світлий, зеленкувато-коричневий, анальний синій, грудні безбарвні. Деякі риби мають на анальному та хвостовому плавцях білу зовнішню облямівку. Черевні плавці сині, ближче до краю стають темнішими, майже чорними, а кінчик білий. Забарвлення самок коричнювате зі слабкою поздовжньою смугою. Темна розмита пляма присутня на основі хвостового плавця. Смуги на зябрових кришках у самок золотаві.

Відмінності від B. foerschi
Betta strohi дуже близька до B. foerschi. Від свого близького родича вона відрізняється розташуванням грудного плавця (він посаджений трохи вище), більшим діаметром очей, меншою шириною голови та деякими іншими морфологічними показниками. B. foerschi здається більш масивною в порівнянні з B. strohi. Забарвлення у B. strohi помітно темніше, має більше синіх тонів, тоді як у B. foerschi переважають червонуваті відтінки. Крім того, спостереження за поведінкою цих риб в акваріумі показали, що B. foerschi поводиться набагато активніше й тримається переважно у відкритій воді й біля поверхні, тоді як B. strohi проводить більшу частину часу біля дна, ховаючись серед листя рослин і випливає звідти лише під час годівлі.

Поширення
Бійцівська рибка Штро поширена в індонезійській частині острова Калімантан, на заході провінції Центральний Калімантан. Був виявлений в районі Сукамара (), басейн річки Джелай (). Водиться в так званих «чорних водах».

Розмноження
У Betta strohi самець виношує ікру в роті. Залежно від температури, він інкубує її від 12 до 17 днів.

Утримання в акваріумі
Через те, що вид походить із чорних вод, при утриманні в акваріумі він потребує м'якої кислої води, яка добре фільтрується. Для пари риб потрібен акваріум на 75 літрів. Температура води в межах 23-25 градусів.

Примітки

Джерела
 Schaller, D. and M. Kottelat, 1989. Betta strohi sp. n., ein neuer Kampffisch aus Südborneo (Osteichthyes: Belontiidae) . Die Aquarien- und Terrarienzeitschrift (DATZ) v. 43 (no. 1):31, 33-37
 Betta strohi Schaller & Kottelat 1989 . International Betta Congress

Посилання

s
Тварини, описані 1989
Риби Індонезії

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These blog entries primarily provide an understanding of indemnities from two different perspectives: That of the indemnitee (the person who is protected under an indemnity), and that of the indemnitor (the person providing the protection).
In this article, we explore multiple facets of the indemnity, and its enforcement.
These three terms, to us, have different meaning, but in application courts have interpreted them interchangeably, or at least to overlap.
"Indemnify" is an open-ended commitment to both cover the expenses of a third party claim and potentially to defend against that action, i.e., pay the the indemnity attorneys fees.
"Defend" more specifically covers that obligation to protect the first party from suits. It probably does not include a broad indemnity for the underlying liability.
Because contractual risk-shifting provisions essentially provide open-ended access to a checkbook of the indemnitor, great care should be exercised in agreeing to such provisions. For, even if a claim ultimately is unfounded, the cost to defend can bankrupt even well-capitalized parties. Consideration also should be given to indemnities that must be personally signed, thus voluntarily piercing the corporate veil carefully constructed to protect the individual owners.
Today, for example, it is common for lenders to ask that individual investors in a real estate transaction personally indemnify and defend a lender against environmental risks associated with real property being financed. Caution should be exercised in undertaking such an open-ended risk. For, the very reason we advise clients to take title to property in the form of an LLC or corporation is to shield the individual form such open-ended liability. An indemnity blows past that carefully-planned protection.
At the time the claim is pending, the indemnitee can bring a "declaratory judgment" action asking the Court to declare that the indemnitor provide the promised protection.
After the fact, as long as proper demand has been made previously for such a defense, a monetary damages claim can be brought to compensate indemnitee for the damages caused by indemnitor's breach of his contractual obligation.
In many ways indemnities are "super" contract provisions because instead of defining specific contractual obligations (e.g., to make payments, to pay taxes, or to repair a roof) they protect against open-ended and sometimes unknown obligations, and indeed obligations from third parties who are foreign to the transaction being undertaken.
Whenever I review a contract, a lease, a mortgage or loan agreement, or other contractual agreement for a client, my antenna is raised when I read that my client is agreeing to "indemnify," "defend," "hold harmless," "protect" or words of similar impact some other party. Those "super" contract provisions should be undertaken with due consideration to the impact on the indemnitor.


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Darryl Walsh, Manager, at Middleton Community Trust, said: "Having signed up just a few months ago, Globechain has already become a vital resource for our charity and those we work with.
"As a local charity for the prevention of poverty we have a community hub, where we provide surplus food, clothing and furniture to those in need.
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By offering charities unwanted corporate items for free, it has also diverted 5 million kilos of waste from UK landfill – including 60,000 kilos locally.
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This 18th century Virginia Tidelands mansion was conceived as the home of a mythical sea captain. Notice the weathervane of a schooner ship which was the type used for trans-Atlantic trade as early as the 1700s. Cook modeled the mansion after George Washington's Mount Vernon.
Lagniappe a French Creole word meaning "a trifle extra" is a modest description for this magnificent mansion. Madelyn Cook's stunning miniature is reminiscent of the fine homes built throughout the Virginia Tidelands during the 18th Century. The interior of the mansion is not your typical 18th century Southern décor however. The owner of this mansion, a mythical merchant sea captain who spent his career sailing the seven seas, made his fortune trading in exotic ports around the globe and "built" the main house in the 1750s and "added" the two wings in 1800 and 1830. His emblem can be found on the mansion's weathervane, and his portrait is hung over the Vermeil room mantel. Madelyn decorated the rooms of the mansion with his personal mementos so that the home is "a lasting reminder of his success".
Madelyn Cook invested period authenticity in the décor including many English and American features in the rooms of the main floor and wings. The 2nd floor rooms represent the countries America was trading with by 1750. Each room features a particular decorating style and period such as the Spanish Renaissance room, the Ming Dynasty room and the American Empire bedroom. There is one exception to Madelyn's penchant for authenticity- the Brass room. This room is filled with almost all brass furnishings and the floor, walls and fireplace are trimmed in brass. She terms the décor in this room "early imagination".


Experimental ADC data emerge like flowers in the spring.
With the current update, the survey data now covers 1550 unique scientific papers and we could expect some changes to the state-of-the-art registered by the ADC FOM-o-meter.
set to 4.4 fJ by van Elzakker et al. three years ago  remains unchallenged. Quite impressive, indeed!
for Nyquist converters, but a new record (7.6 aJ) was set by Hurrell et al. with a pipelined SAR ADC reported in December 2010 . Observant blog readers may wonder why this design wasn't already listed as state-of-the-art, since it was originally reported at ISSCC 2010. The answer is that the peak performance that nudged the state-of-the-art was measured at a very low (50 kHz), and that data point was not reported in the ISSCC paper – possibly in the slides. Since I wasn't at the conference, any information shared in the slides was not available to me. Either way, congratulations to Christopher Peter Hurrell, and the rest of the team from Analog Devices UK and Ireland for this excellent design!
Finally, the overall best reported by Pavan et al. , has been improved upon by a discrete-time DSM by Perez et al.  reporting a 2.7 aJ. Converter Passion is impressed by this significant contribution from Aldo Pena Perez and co-authors from University of Pavia, Italy. Congratulations!
 C. P. Hurrell, C. Lyden, D. Laing, D. Hummerston, and M. Vickery, "An 18 b 12.5 MS/s ADC with 93 dB SNR", IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, Vol. 45, pp. 2647-2654, Dec., 2010.
 S. Pavan, N. Krishnapura, R. Pandarinathan, and P. Sankar, "A 90μW 15-bit ΔΣ ADC for digital audio," Proc. of Eur. Solid-State Circ. Conf. (ESSCIRC), Munich, Germany, pp. 198–201, Sept., 2007.
 A. P. Perez, E. Bonizzoni, and F. Maloberti, "A 84dB SNDR 100kHz Bandwidth Low-Power Single Op-Amp Third-Order ΔΣ Modulator Consuming 140μW", Proc. of IEEE Solid-State Circ. Conf. (ISSCC), San Francisco, USA, pp. 478-480, Feb., 2011.
This entry was posted in ADC FOM, ADC survey, Hall of Fame, Research and tagged A/D-converter, ADC, analog-to-digital converter, figure-of-merit, FOM, IC, IC design, implementation, linkedin, literature study, papers, performance, publication, science, scientific, state-of-the-art, survey, trends. Bookmark the permalink.
(1) What happens if you include the $ into it? Or say project development time (effectively proportional to $)? What is the reported chip cost for the different ADCs? Is good performance tightly connected with expensive processing/board/package/bonding? Can the cost be brought into the equation? I'm thinking ENOB ~ matching ~ Area ~ Cost, or so.
(2) What is the momentum (or maybe inertia)? It's expressed in the formula already in some sense, but it is a multidimensional space. If I want to go from ENOB = 7 to ENOB = 8, I can choose to increase power or decrease frequency or both or etc., etc. Which one should I choose?
A lot of parameters Bengt forgot in his "A generic ADC FOM" post.
I especially like including $!
Michiel and co-authors, you are obviously welcome to share your thoughts as well. Is your 4.4fJ record unbreakable?
In my opinion the real question is: who will do it first?
For an industrial design many things are important, but Walden-FOM isn't really one of them. Still I am convinced that a lower FOM will appear in industry, a well-implemented low-power design in 32 nm CMOS could be sufficient.
For academic low-power methods, novelty seems to be more important than usefulness. The problem is that many novel low-power methods are not worth the overhead and actually increase power consumption. Still, there are plenty of untested methods left and I have no doubt that there will be a researcher who can make a good ADC out of one of them.
Hiding some functionality behind a curtain always helps. For example, overhead for control and calibration just vanishes when you integrate it into a PC or into the sea of gates. There is a huge gray area with tricks like this, some of them are discussed in the earlier "What is an ADC?" post.
Yes, various cost measures would be interesting to include [BTW Michiel: forgot?? Me? 🙂 That's why I tactically put a D in the expression (essentially to claim everything) … here we could say "D for dollar" 😉 … ].
As you mention, area is a cost that translates to $. I've actually completed some area-related work which I hope to get published soon.
Including development time [although never reported in data sheets, and almost never in papers] would make a lot of sense for industry, and most likely favour architectures and solutions that reach a reasonable performance while being suitable for auto-generation. That would be valuable information to companies, I guess. Unless companies suddenly start to give out design times, I guess each company would be restricted to analyzing their own product portfolio with such FOM.
Similarly, board & bonding is difficult to analyze from open sources, but package and processing is fully possible to observe without writing NDA:s.
I don't have the quantitative answers to your (1) to share here, but I do have most of the data necessary to do the investigation. So, any company that wants to know can just pick up the phone and call me at ADMS Design AB and order a custom investigation. Very worthwhile if you wish to approach your ADC pricing strategy systematically.
Inertia … interesting angle. The answer depends heavily on what FOM we're talking about. If we mean "The FOM", then the example you mention is actually a move towards the global optima. So in that particular case, the penalty might be less than what the FOM expression makes you believe.
Both my IWADC papers shed some light on this, but I don't want to spoil the fun for those going to the IWADC 2011 in five weeks from now by telling everything here. Perhaps we can come back to this matter after IWADC?
In general, if you don't care about any absolute performance parameters, but are just aiming to improve "The FOM", then I'd suggest to go for lower or same power, then adjusting the other parameters to what you can possibly achieve.
But, like you say … its a multidimensional design space. When you have an actual set of ADC specifications, one needs to look at the data with that particular design target in mind.
It seems quite promising for the ADC field, then. Both academia, industry, and the "magicians" will have good chance to succeed.
I agree with you that its only a matter of time before someone will. Particularly since the Walden-FOM improves with scaling, the 32nm design you visualize seems a likely candidate.
The "magicians" tool box of trickery that you bring up is an important discussion that I'll try to encourage here on the blog. Particularly the tendency to avoid reporting this and that part of the power dissipation, all in the interest of reporting a better FOM. I wouldn't mind so much how individual authors choose to claim their FOM as long as all the power contributors were clearly reported in the paper. Then anyone disagreeing with their FOM calculation practice could simply add the omitted power and get what they feel is the "correct" FOM out of the paper [*]. But the "power omitters" tend to not volunteer this information at all in their papers, thus preventing their results from being consistently compared with prior art. While it may give the authors some short-lived advantage, it also renders their contribution much less meaningful to the scientific community, because it can't be accurately put into the context of the collective body of ADC research. And that's a real shame when someone may have spent as much as a full year of their life on a design.
Those of us who review papers could make a real difference here. "Mandatory change" would be the perfect tool to do the "nipping".
Perhaps I'm too radical – what do you think?
[*] Omitting I/O-power is acceptable for me in this SoC age. Ideally, though, I'd like to see it reported for the sake of backwards compatibility of reported results, but not necessarily included in the FOM claim.


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Learn how to create Artisan Chocolates with Chef Claire Benjamin from Rue Claire Lavender farm and Artisan Chocolate. This fun and engaging class is designed especially for wine and chocolate lovers. Chef Claire will share fun chocolate related facts as students make chocolate truffles.
We will be making curry & coconut truffles and mango & tarragon truffles. Each truffle is paired with wines from Three Brothers Wineries & Estates.


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Home/TRENDS/Gov't presents 105 motorbikes to Police
Gov't presents 105 motorbikes to Police
choicenewsonline August 15, 2022 TRENDS Leave a comment 276 Views
The Inspector-General of Police (IGP) Dr. George Akuffo Dampare has reaffirmed his commitment to making the country the safest in the world.
He made this remark while taking delivery of 1,500 motorcycles from the government.
"What you are going to provide to us today, we'll go a long way in our tournaments have done and we cannot wait," Dampare said on Monday.
According to him, the new bikes will be a major boost to better fighting crime.
"We cannot just wait to receive them and start putting them to us and making this country safer than it was yesterday and also going to make it safer than we are going to make it today."
Presenting the vehicles, President Akufo-Addo indicated that the move forms part of the government's commitment to retooling the police to achieve its set targets.
He promised to increase the number of bikes to 5,000 by end of next year.
The President subsequently charged the Police to ensure no community is left behind.
Speaking at a public lecture on Policing on August 11, 2022 at the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), the IGP said the serviceis working to reduce robbery response time to 10 minutes across the country.
According to him, the initiative will be boosted with the deployment of over 2,000 personnel and motorbikes across highways in the country in the coming days.
"We want to reduce robbery and crime response time to 10 minutes across the country. We believe this is possible, and it will be done. When was the last time you heard of robberies on the major highways in the country? The police have men patrolling all those places."
The IGP also disclosed that the Police Service has scaled up its intelligence operations by committing adequate finance and human resources in the area.
Tags 105 motorbikes Gov't presents to Police
Previous Former MP and STC Director dies at age 63.
Next Catholic Sisters Spotted Dancing 'Buga' Inside Church (Video)

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text:
'We Will Stand Very Firm With Israel,' Says Incoming Alabama Rep. Jerry Carl
by Jackson Richman / JNS.org
Congressman-elect Jerry Carl (R-Ala.). Photo: Jerry Carl for Congress/Facebook.
JNS.org – Jerry Carl, a Republican, easily defeated Democrat James Averhart in the US House of Representatives race on Nov. 3 in Alabama's 1st Congressional District to succeed Republican Rep. Bradley Byrne, who unsuccessfully ran for the US Senate.
Carl, 62, a devout Christian and married businessman with two children, said that not only do the United States and Israel have things in common, so do Christians and Jews.
He has been to Israel once, three years ago, and expressed mixed feelings about the nine-day church trip, which included a stop at the Gaza border.
"It was really disheartening. I hate to put it that way, but I love the country, I love the people," he said. "The places where Jesus was are just so commercialized. It took away a little of the image I had of it."
At the same time, he said, he was "amazed" by how Israel can "handle banana plantations in the middle of the desert."
JNS talked with Carl by phone on Nov. 19. The interview has been edited for brevity and clarity.
Q: What's your overall stance on the US-Israel relationship?
A: From the standpoint of the United States, we need to support Israel any way we can. I don't think there's really an option there. We've got to stand firm. But as far as myself and my district are concerned, we will stand very firm with Israel.
Q: What values do America and Israel have in common?
A: We have so much in common. BDS is just horrible. What we're talking about over there as far as the bias against the Israeli country. That will affect us in the Christian community as much as it will affect the Jewish community. I don't feel like the Jewish community quite understands that. I was raised in a very small town in South Alabama, and we have one Jewish family that lived in town, and we were all taught that the Jews were G-d's chosen people and we've got to stand firm with them. We have a lot in common. But the way things are going in Israel right now is good; I just hope we can continue for it to happen that way.
Q: You say the Jewish community doesn't understand …
A: My Jewish friends … one of my closest friends is Jewish, and he's always teaching me a little bit of Yiddish and picking at me a little bit, but I encouraged him to visit our church. He knows my minister real well and treats him like a rock star. I know it can seem a little standoffish, and there's not a lot of confidence and trust in the Christian community. But I think if the Jewish community were to understand how they are held up in my faith as a Southern Baptist, there's a very special place in our church. We don't have to agree on everything to be friends.
Q: Are you suggesting that the Jewish community is skeptical of the Baptist community's support for Israel?
A: Yes. But you have 100 percent support in the Baptist community. There's no doubt about that.
Q: What do you say to Jews who feel that Baptists are supporting Israel because they seek to convert them to Christianity?
A: It has nothing to do with converting Jews to Christianity. When my Jesus comes back, he'll come back to where he wants to come back. It doesn't matter what position the country itself is in; he will still walk in and still be what we need it to be. I don't view my Southern Baptist belief as trying to convince Jewish people that they need to be Christians. That's not what it's about. We do share so much in common. The Old Testament versus the New Testament—we have issues there, obviously. But we have so much in common that if we would just join forces, the movement we would create would just be incredible.
Q: What's your reaction to the rise in antisemitism at home and abroad?
A: I think so much of that has been driven by the Arab community. It's almost like a cancer. Although it is part of this country to have free thinking and free speech, I think we as legislators need to start pushing back on that. Start calling it what it is.
Q: You mention antisemitism from Arabs. Do you also see antisemitism as a problem from the far-left and the far-right?
A: I think that's fair. I think you have extremes on both sides. There's certainly more on the left than on the right.
Q: Would you support anti-BDS legislation?
A: Yes. I think BDS is just bad all the way around. I couldn't think of any way I could support that, period.
Q: Do you condemn the QAnon conspiracy theory?
A: Yes, I do.
Q: What's your reaction to those, including Democrats, who are for conditioning US assistance to Israel on the Jewish state not applying sovereignty to the West Bank?
A: That won't fly with me. If it's not something pro-Israel, I'm really not interested.
Q: What was your reaction to a record number of GOP freshmen women elected to the House of Representatives?
A: This is an exciting bunch of ladies. They are focused. They are driven. They are all very smart, all very talented in different fields. I think there are going to be some real movers and shakers in the Republican Party. They're a pushback on "The Squad."


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The Worst of 2015: Jurassic World
Jurassic World. Colin Trevorrow. USA.
Following not-so-closely on the heels of two famously reviled sequels, Jurassic World certainly should have earned its place next to its unfortunate predecessors, The Lost World and Jurassic Park III, but from the rock I'm currently living under, few people seemed as vocal about their disdain for this trash as they had been for the others. Admittedly, I have a soft spot for the Alexander Payne-penned third installment which brings an embarrassed Sam Neill back as Dr. Alan Grant to one of the dinosaur-infested islands with a hilariously neurotic divorced couple, played by Téa Leoni and William H. Macy, in search of their missing son... Payne's involvement even coaxed Laura Dern to briefly return to the series, quite literally phoning in (on a white cordless phone) the bulk of her screentime to Neill from her suburban paradise. Fourteen years later, the Park has been upgraded to a World, a tourist attraction for dumb Americans who are already on the verge of losing interest. Like the two irritating kids in the original, a pair of teenage siblings—one a weepy prepubescent nerd, the other a suspiciously horny date-rape-bro-in-the-making—fly to Jurassic World to visit their shrew of an aunt (tediously played by Bryce Dallas Howard), who runs the island's prehistoric attractions with a sharp ginger bob and a sensible pair of heels that can withstand walking on grass, through the jungle, and away from hungry dinosaurs. Thankfully, when chaos erupts on the island as it has been known to do, a hammy, humorless velociraptor trainer (played stone-faced by Chris Pratt, who apparently traded his charm in for a chance to be a chiseled, boring action star) comes to save the day (I guess).
Director Colin Trevorrow manages to produce a decent action sequence or two over the course of Jurassic World, but in just his second film, he brings along almost all of the worst aspects of his terrible debut feature, Safety Not Guaranteed: a contrived centralized romance between two characters you're actively rooting against (played by two actors who fall somewhere around Natalie Portman and Hayden Christensen in Star Wars on the scale of onscreen chemistry, or lack thereof); laughless comic relief from the insufferable supporting cast (Jake Johnson is slightly less irritating here than he was in Safety); groan-inducing dialogue; a disappointing and unwarranted narrative "twist;" and a cheap, but plentiful dose of queasy sentimentality. But despite all of this, I got the impression that a lot of people over the age of twelve didn't mind Jurassic World, which boggles my mind. The only aspect in which Jurassic World actually succeeds is in proving what a truly astonishing feat Steven Spielberg accomplished with the original, a near-perfect Hollywood blockbuster that remains as magical and as thrilling as it was nearly twenty-five years ago. Hollow, bloated, and joyless, Jurassic World is just a sad reminder of how seldom films like Jurassic Park actually come around.
How about this alternate ending? Instead of finding the love that melts her icy exterior to reveal a conveniently gross maternal instinct, Bryce Dallas Howard gets eaten by the T. rex down to her ankles, leaving her high-heeled feet on the doorsteps of Jurassic World (I mean, really, what kind of misogynist bullshit was at play with those fucking heels?)... as the film's swishy pair of pseudo-villains, played by Vincent D'Onofrio and BD Wong, board a helicopter that flies romantically into the sunset just as the iconic John Williams score begins to play.
With: Chris Pratt, Bryce Dallas Howard, Vincent D'Onofrio, Nick Robinson, Ty Simpkins, Irrfan Kahn, Jake Johnson, BD Wong, Omar Sy, Judy Greer, Lauren Lapkus
Labels: 2015, Bad Movies


How do you benefit from being a FOM|UCPath SME?
I have benefited from working with a cross-section of the campus community that I would not normally get to work with. Bobbi and Alfred are receptive to new, outside-of-the-box thinking, and have allowed the finance team the space to really create and foster ownership of our work. I am able to inspire others to be open-minded and more receptive to the changes brought on by this project. I have been able to improve my presenting skills through my work with the FOM team by presenting at Knowledge Transfer workshops. It is great to talk to people about the exciting things that are happening.
Do you feel more knowledgeable about the changes that will occur?
I have a lot more knowledge about the UCPath project and the changes that will impact my organization and my own staff than I did when I first walked through the door. I am more prepared to talk about the exciting things that are happening with the project.
My organization has already benefited from my participation. For example, I gave a presentation at our Winter FAO meeting, and I am continually updating my CFAO on issues that may impact our college. I have also been a partner in our college transition from BAS SSC to CNAS SSC. Having the knowledge about how the FOM processes will impact this transition will help to manage the expectations for my group once the project launches.


CHEVALIER strengthens its offer in the field of technical rubber parts (small dimensions) markets (static sealing applications / dynamics and dampoing - amortizement) of PHARMA and FOOD CONTACT markets with the availibility's annoucement of a fluoro rubber (nature FKM / FPM) compound hardness 65 shore A, in accordance with the latest recommendations of the FDA 177 2600 "rubber articles intended for repeated use".
This compound can be used for these PHARMA and FOOD CONTACT applications subject to obtaining the approval on finished pcs - equipments.
Contact jm.oudot@chevalier-cleret.fr to get more about the mechanical characteristics (hardness, density, resistance breakdown elongation break strength tear, compression set...) and the chemical resistance of that FKM / FPMcompound mixture .
HYBRIDS : RUBBER BONDING ON METAL (1on2) also named "rubber metal"
HYBRIDS : LIQUID SILICONE RUBBER LSR SELF BONDING ON TP - THERMOPLASTIC (2on2) also named "self bonding lsr silicone"


Swedish game studio Coldwood Interactive, developer of the successful move game The Fight: Lights Out published by Sony Computer Entertainment last year has moved on to the next big hit: A game for fitness and exercises while having fun Move Fitness.
Ever wanted to do do exercises to keep fit but don't have the time? Or ever wanted to have a professional physical trainer to help you build great body figure but feel a bit bored? Move fitness is exactly catering to anyone who wants to exercise while having fun.
Grab your PlayStation®Move motion controllers and start having fun by moving your arms, legs, jump up and down, hit a target with rewards, play basket ball, or break something, turn your home or office into a gym or basket ball court, boxing room instantly and be your own hero or ninjia. Yes, there is ninjia game element included as well. This game is designed to play for single player as well as for a whole family or friends to have fun. It's really easy to get started.
"We have developed this immersion game for people to do exercises and have fun, and keep coming back for more like other games. This is a challenge but we are very happy with the result and proud to present this fun game for fitness. We have consulted professional trainers to make sure every exercises we design are good for the body. " Says game designer of Coldwood Interactive, Martin Sahlin.
Coldwood Interactive is an independent game studio based in Umeå, in the northern part of Sweden. The company was founded in 2003 by a tight knit group of veteran game developers, with over 40 years of collective industry experience, and a passion for creating great, innovative games. Since then we've grown into one of Sweden's most successful and productive game studios, all while still staying true to the same close friendly vibe, dedication and creative spirit that has inspired us from the beginning. Coldwood has an excellent track record, with six different titles published on six different platforms (fourteen different SKU's in total), and we've got many more exciting projects on the way. We're licensed developers for all major formats, including PS3, XBox360 and Wii.
Sony Computer Entertainment, Inc. is a Japanese video game company specializing in a variety of areas in the video game industry, and is a wholly owned subsidiary and part of the Consumer Products & Services Group of Sony. The company was established on November 16, 1993, in Tokyo, prior to the launch of the original PlayStation video game system. The logo has been used since 1994. SCE handles the research & development, production, and sales of both hardware and software for the PlayStation line of handheld and home console video game systems. SCE is also a developer and publisher of video game titles and is composed of several subsidiaries covering the company's biggest markets: North America, Europe, Brazil, Oceania and Asia.


Eight people attended this discussion, and one submitted comments by e-mail. Diaspora is set in the far future when humanity has changed greatly. Few people have traditional human bodies. Most of the rest have downloaded their minds either into giant robots or into computers. The people in the computers have a complex society filled with downloaded personalities, their "offspring," and artificial intelligences. Early in the story, a cosmological event threatens all life on Earth. The computer societies send explorers throughout the galaxy in search of more information about this event and a way to survive it. Along the way Egan fills the story with a lot of advanced material about mathematics, physics, and artificial intelligence.
Ten people attended this discussion. Ship of Magic is the first in a fantasy trilogy about a seafaring society where a few rich families have magical "liveships." Liveships are special because their figureheads are intelligent and can talk, and the ships are made of a special wood that enables them to travel in waters where other ships can't go. The book begins when a liveship captain dies and his family has to pick a new captain and get the family finances in order. The main characters are the captain's family, several members of the crew, and a pirate who hopes to capture a liveship. The story features sailing adventure, sea serpents, rebellious teenagers, and slave revolts.


text:
import EnsAdmins
from Utilisateur import Utilisateur
class Session:
	def __init__(self,User,admin=0):
		self.User = User
		self.admin = admin

	def est_admin(self):

		return EnsAdmins.est_admin(self.User)

	def get_session_User(self):
		return self.User

	def set_admin(self,admin):
		self.admin = admin

	def get_id(self):
		return self.User.get_user_id()

	def __del__(self):
		self.User = None
		self.admin = 0

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Free Basics 'crudely majoritarian, orchestrated opinion poll': TRAI to Facebook
Telecom regulator Trai has called Facebook's high-pitched 'Free Basics' campaign a "crudely majoritarian and orchestrated opinion poll" having "dangerous ramifications for policy making in India".
Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) has called Facebook's high-pitched 'Free Basics' campaign a "crudely majoritarian and orchestrated opinion poll" having "dangerous ramifications for policy making in India." The public rebuke by the regulator escalates the war of words between TRAI and the social media giant at a time when the latter has claimed widespread support for its controversial platform Free Basics.
TRAI disagrees with Facebook's posturing that began as a response to its consultation paper on differential pricing for data services. While Facebook has been drumming up support from its users for the Free Basics programme as part of its response to the consultation paper, TRAI does not agree with the style, calling the exercise "wholly misplaced". "… your urging has the flavour of reducing this meaningful consultative exercise — designed to produce informed decisions in a transparent manner — into a crudely majoritarian and orchestrated opinion poll," K V Sebastian, a joint adviser with TRAI, said on Monday in response to a letter written by Facebook India's director (public policy) Ankhi Das.
"Neither the spirit nor the letter of a consultative process warrants such an interpretation which, if accepted, has dangerous ramifications for policy making in India. Equally of concern is your self-appointed spokesmanship on behalf of those who have sent responses to TRAI using your platform," the regulator said, even expressing doubts about whether the social media company had taken permission from its users to make a representation on their behalf.
"It is noticed that you have not been authorized by your users to speak on behalf of them collectively… This does not, in our view, imply any consent on the part of the users to allow Facebook to speak on their behalf as you have done," Trai said.
Facebook responded to TRAI's letter on Wednesday evening, saying it had also asked its users to respond specifically to TRAI's questions in the consultation paper, apart from the original exercise of asking them to just click on a template which says, "By clicking send mail, you will agree to let Facebook send your name and this email to TRAI".
Facebook and Trai have also been at loggerheads over the number of responses that were sent using the social media company's platform. While Facebook has been claiming that over 11.7 million people submitted emailed comments to Trai in support of Free Basics, TRAI has disputed this number and said it is much lower.
Facebook has alleged that a big number of responses sent could not reach the regulator as "someone with access to the designated TRAI email account appears to have blocked receipt of all emails" around December 17 last year.
Free Basics'


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Image Title: Sectionals Bernhardt Pertaining To Leather Sectional Prepare 15. Filename: sectionals-bernhardt-pertaining-to-leather-sectional-prepare-15.jpg. Image Dimension: 500 x 143 pixels. Images Format: jpg/jpeg. Publisher/Author: Werner Fay. Uploaded Date: Monday - February 04th. 2019 22:11:22 PM. Category: Architecture. Image Source: wayfair.com.


If you pause it just right, you can see the exact moment she wishes for the ground to open up and swallow her whole.
'La La Land' took home a record seven Golden Globes at last night's awards, one of which went to its director Damien Chazelle who then was on the receiving end of a weird double hug and kiss that went nowhere courtesy of a then-mortified Emma Stone.
Congratulations Emma, you're the Leo DiCaprio reacting to Lady Gaga of 2017.


"Our study indicates that if you need to urinate in the night — called nocturia — you may have elevated blood pressure and/or excess fluid in your body," says study author Dr. Satoshi Konno, of the Division of Hypertension at the Tohoku Rosai Hospital in Sendai, Japan.
New research questions the assumption that high blood pressure is always a cause for concern.
Dr. Konno says that the results do not prove a causal relationship between nocturia and hypertension, and they may not apply to people who live outside Japan. "The relationship may be influenced by various factors including lifestyle, salt intake, ethnicity, and genetic background," the researcher explains.
"Hypertension is a national disease in Japan. The average salt intake in Japan is approximately 10 grams per day, which is more than double the average salt intake worldwide (4 grams per day). This excessive salt intake is related to our preference for seafood and soy sauce-based food, so salt restriction is difficult to carry out," says Dr. Mutsuo Harada, the conference's press coordinator.
Professor and president of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Barbara Casadei notes: "More than 1 billion people have high blood pressure, worldwide. High blood pressure is the leading global cause of premature death, accounting for almost 10 million deaths in 2015. ESC guidelines recommend medication to reduce the risk of stroke and heart disease."
"A healthy lifestyle is also advised, including salt restriction, alcohol moderation, healthy eating, regular exercise, weight control, and smoking cessation," she adds.


text:
Q: EF4 DAL design and the ObjectContext: Argument with co-worker I work with a senior developer who is a guru .NET architect. We have had many constructive arguments over the last 6+ months and generally I concede defeat in most of our discussions. I have learned stacks from working with him. There is one design problem we are currently in disagreement with, however, and I would like some opinions/suggestions because he hasn't managed to convince me of his position, and I will stick to my guns until someone can give me evidence that I am wrong.
We use Entity Framework 4.0 and we use BOTH persistence aware AND Self Tracked Entities in different models. We started using Self Tracked Entities for tracking changes to Entity Graphs that we serialised/deserialised over the WCF wire to our Silverlight application. It works fantastically. We have also started using Self Tracked Entities for models that we are NOT taking across WCF, but many remain as persistent aware Entities/Models.
My co-worker believes that Entity Frameworks ObjectContext should be kept around for the shortest time possible. He insists that it should only be around for the length of time needed to do a query and the length of time needed to persist something. Any business work done with Entities should be done detached. For each Entity Model we have, we have a query class and a persistent class that are both IDisposable and have the ObjectContext at instance scope and have the query/persistence logic in methods. We use these query/persistence classes in our business logic rather than using the the ObjectContext directly in business logic. When these class instances are constructed so is the ObjectContext and when Disposed, so is the ObjectContext Disposed. These classes are like wrappers around our LINQ operations separating EF from the business logic and assisting with LINQ query re-use.
Now first consider non-Self Tracked Entities:
I understand why he wants this and the desire to not have a long running ObjectContext, but my problem is that he always wants even trivial business logic to be detached from the ObjectContext and the fact that we have a separate query and persistence context under our design means that there is no ObjectContext state tracking of Entities being used in our business logic. For non-Self Tracked Entities this means that if we modify Entities in our business logic we must also set the Modified state of the entities manually prior to persisting. This is a REAL pain when persisting complex graphs with multiple changes. Also I doubt we can do it manually as well as EF does it automatically.
For our Self Tracked Entities this situation is the same because tracking is only turned on when graphs are de-serialised and so when working WITHIN a service where the query was performed, detached from the Context, there is still no tracking with Self-Tracked Entities.
My question is, what is the best practice for Entity Framework use and how should an Entity Framework DAL be designed? How long should the ObjectContext be around? Should business logic always be done detached from the ObjectContext? If so how do we do state tracking when working detached from the ObjectContext? One option I am thinking about is converting ALL of our entities to Self-Tracked Entities and using some graph traversal code to traverse queried graphs and turn tracking on for all of the Entities in the graph so Self Tracking is turned on even when working service side (basically mimicking what happens when the Self-Tracked Entities graph is de-serialised)...
I am not proposing that we keep the ObjectContext around for long periods of time, but working detached between query and persistence and losing the benefits of the ObjectContext state tracking to me seems silly...we are losing one of the great benefits of EntityFramework...
Sorry for long post...any help appreciated.

A: Microsoft recommends that the ObjectContext be short lived, and my experience has led me to believe that the life-span of an ObjectContext should ideally correlate to the duration of a web-request / user operation.
I made the mistake of trying to use a global, long-lived ObjectContext in a desktop application, and it was a total disaster. If you're going to implement things like caching, under/redo edit semantics, etc. then you should consider a design that uses ViewModel classes which are distinctly seperate from the underlying data entities.  Use the EntityFramework to help you construct your Model object graph, then build the ViewModel from that. When you want to save changes, allow your ViewModel Repository to reconnect to the underlying entities, alter their properties and save changes. This allows for a more "cachable", flexible, ORM independant, unit-test-friendly design.
In terms of change tracking, try not to think of it as a cheap "user-made-a-change" mechanism for the UI, but rather as an expensive mechanism for tracking which recently-created entities need to be considered when saving changes.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
@implementation StubActivityClientDelegate

@synthesize activityInstance = _activityInstance, error = _error;

- (void) requestDidFinishWithActivityInstance:(ActivityInstance*)activityInstance {
    LogDebug(@"Got activity instance: %@", activityInstance);
    _activityInstance = activityInstance;
}

- (void) requestDidFailWithError:(NSError*)error {
    _error = error;
}

@end


text:
module Spree
  class Promotion
    module Rules
      class ReferredPromotionRule < Spree::PromotionRule
        def eligible?(order, options = {})
          return true if order.user and order.user.referred?
          false
        end
        def applicable?(promotable)
          promotable.is_a?(Spree::Order)
        end
      end
    end
  end
end


Nowadays, the environment of the World Wide Web has changed enormously as more and more people are inclined to use their mobile phones to access the internet. This is the reason why online Business in India should make their websites accessible not only from usual devices but also from mobile gadgets such as tablet computers and Smartphone's. Most online users in India access the internet from their mobile phones. If you are a business owner, this is unquestionably hard not to ignore and use to your advantage. This is the reason why mobile website development is important for online business in India.
It refers to the development of websites that are compatible with mobile devices. This will enable your readers to browse through your website regardless of their limited screen. In a way, good mobile website development provides fresh look to the smaller screens of mobile devices.
It is also significant to note that different mobile devices use different operating systems such as Mobile Linux, Windows Mobile, Android and iPhone platform. Besides operating systems, there are also various types of browsers used for each type of mobile devices. If you do not incorporate mobile website development, there is a huge possibility that your mobile readers will not be able to view your website from mobile devices.
Yes, there are good and bad aspects of mobile website development just like other types of internet marketing strategies. The advantage is that it offers mobility as it allows every person to access your website wherever they may be. In fact, implementing mobile website development can help increase your website traffic.
On the contrary, the disadvantage is that there are times when your readers find it tricky to load your website from their mobile devices due to surplus web page elements that are not quite supported by these less powerful devices.
It is crucial that you recognize the basic fundamentals in effective mobile website development for your online business in India. Simplicity is the most key practice in mobile website development. Make your web layout as basic as possible so that your mobile readers can effortlessly load your website to their gadgets.
If you are searching for mobile website development for your online business in India then look no further. Digitals Daddy is the leading digital marketing agency in India providing mobile website development support as well.
If you are searching for mobile website development for your online business in India then look no further.


An Aberdeenshire based producer of chillies and tomatoes!
We have a small team making this all happen, priding ourselves on our unique slant on growing! We have complete control over all growing conditions. Heat, moisture & light are all under our command as we grow indoors!
What started out as an experiment to try and grow Chillies back in 2015 has grown into an awesome wee enterpise making jams and sauces from sustainable green energy!


text:
«Королевская шекспировская труппа» (, RSC) — крупная британская театральная труппа, базирующаяся в Стратфорде-на-Эйвоне, графство Уорикшир, Англия. RSC ежегодно выпускает около 20 театральных постановок, которые регулярно демонстрируются в Лондоне, Нью-Касле и других городах Великобритании и по всему миру.

Труппа была создана королевским указом 20 марта 1961 года. Её основой стала труппа Шекспировского мемориального театра, который был переименован в Королевский шекспировский театр. Во главе труппы встал Питер Холл. За время существования RSC приобрела несколько новых театров и получила в своё распоряжение дополнительные сценические площадки, в том числе театр Олдвич в Лондоне.

Традиционный репертуар труппы составляют пьесы Шекспира и его современников. Помимо них RSC продюсирует и другие постановки, в том числе современных авторов, а также устанавливает творческие связи с ведущими театральными деятелями других стран и образовательными учреждениями, способствуя популяризации творчества Шекспира.

Хронология
 1961 — Создание труппы
 1974 — Открытие Other Place
 1986 — Открытие Swan Theatre
 1991 — Реконструкция Other Place
 2006 — Открытие Courtyard Theatre
 2010 — Открыты после реконструкции Королевский шекспировский театр и Swan Theatre.

Примечания

Литература

Ссылки
 Сайт Королевской шекспировской труппы на русском языке

Театры Великобритании
Уильям Шекспир
Театры, основанные в 1961 году


Bulletproof coffee: can you really lose weight drinking coffee with butter in?
Can Bulletproof coffee, which has butter and oil added, really promote weight loss?
At first glance, coffee containing butter and oil seems like a really bad idea. But could it have the health benefits claimed for it, such as weight loss, more energy and a sharper mind?
The idea of adding butter and oil to your morning cup of coffee may make you feel slightly queasy, but this unusual concoction is a fast-growing health trend known as Bulletproof coffee.
Devotees claim that this strange brew give you more energy, improves your focus and helps you lose weight. But does it really work or is it a load of old hokum?
The recipe involves a combination of filter coffee, two tablespoons of grass-fed butter and two tablespoons of medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) oil, whizzed together in a blender.
It sounds revolting, but the theory is that this combination trains the body to burn fat instead of sugars, thus promoting weight loss, while the healthy fats provide energy and support cognitive function.
It's the brainchild of Dave Asprey, a Silicon Valley investor, technology entrepreneur and founder of Bulletproof Executive. He came up with the idea after trying a tea made with yak butter while in Tibet, and was bowled over by its rejuvenating powers.
Asprey has since gone on to develop an entire Bulletproof diet, based on a high fat/low carb Paleo-style regime, which he claims has helped him lose 100lbs in weight, 'upgraded' his brain by more than 20 IQ points and lowered his biological age.
The bone broth trend: should you fall for it?
So, how can you try it? You can brew your own Bulletproof coffee, with the starter kits that are available online. Or you can get a cup 'to go' from Planet Organic and, more recently, Crussh. However, if you fancy giving it a whirl yourself, ordinary coffee won't cut it, apparently.
The beans used in Asprey's recipe are reportedly prepared in such a way that they are free from harmful mycotoxins such as funghi and mould, which are said to cause the jittery feelings you might get from your usual espresso.
You may well baulk at the idea of adding two tablespoons of butter to your brew. So why does Asprey say you should? Butter made from the milk of grass-fed cows is high in vitamins, omega-3 fatty acids and beta-carotene, all of which are good for the immune system, brain and stamina.
And though butter is very high in saturated fat, studies now suggest that there is no link between saturated fat and heart disease.
The third ingredient in bulletproof coffee, MCT oil, is extracted from coconut and palm oil, and requires less energy and enzymes to be digested when compared to another type of fat known as long-chain triglycerides.
It is converted into ketones, which are immediately used as fuel for your brain; this is why many fans claim that the drink makes their brains razor sharp.
Bulletproof coffee makes some impressive claims. But it has also raised a number of concerns. For a start, it contains a whopping 468kcal and 52g of fat (of which 44g is saturated). It's intended to be drunk as a breakfast replacement and with good reason, considering the high calorie and fat content.
While saturated fat is no longer looked upon as an evil substance to be avoided, it doesn't necessarily follow that it should make up 50 per cent of your diet (as the Bulletproof diet recommends). Most nutritionists advise a figure nearer to 25 per cent.
As Bulletproof coffee contains no protein and has a low nutrient profile, it's essential to ensure that the rest of your food intake for the day contains plenty of protein and vitamin- and mineral-rich fruit and vegetables.
It would also be wise to lower your fat intake for the rest of the day and opt for mostly mono-unsaturated and polyunsaturated sources to maintain a good balance.
You should not just start consuming Bulletproof coffee and expect to follow your normal diet. Some serious adjustments and monitoring would need to be done to ensure that you are being properly nourished.
Another concern is that Bulletproof coffee may increase high cholesterol and high triglyceride levels in otherwise healthy patients. In fact, Dr Karl Nadolsky of the Walter Reed Medical Center in Washington believes that this could become an increasing problem for those following the diet and has pledged to examine the wider effects of the trend.
The verdict: should you drink Bulletproof coffee?
We're not convinced by it. It seems like a quick-fix way to speed up weight loss that could potentially lead to further health problems if you're not very careful to monitor your fat intake.
A balanced diet, in the right amounts, and plenty of regular exercise is the best way to keep your body trim and your mind sharp. As for buttered coffee, we'll be sticking to our lattes, thank you.


The Siempelkamp Group is a technology supplier operating internationally and consisting of three business units: the machine and plant engineering, the foundry technology, and the service business unit. Siempelkamp machine and plant engineering is a systems supplier of press lines and complete plants for the wood-based panel industry, the metal forming industry as well as the composite and rubber industry. The Siempelkamp foundry is the world's largest hand-molding foundry producing castings with a weight of up to 320 t (353 US tons). Siempelkamp NIS Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH is a component supplier and service provider for nuclear facilities.


Rarely is there a time when I set out to compose or make a photograph. They come more out of noticing one object or space, or even a color, and then wanting to record a moment of experience that might not be there the next day, like things that are discarded or the wear of objects that have been sitting in a window for too long. Though there are recurring motifs in the subjects that I shoot, there are no images that I'm searching for. Once I've recognized one combination of textures or lines in one composition, I might associate a rhyming pattern in another context, like capturing a sprawl of tree roots on one image and then the scattering of leaves or sidewalk cracks in another. One subject is not more valuable to me than another or can be categorized as art more readily.


LAS VEGAS, Nevada -- Five longtime gaming industry personalities believe the worldwide business they played a hand in creating will recover from its current economic woes.
During a roundtable discussion at the Global Gaming Expo on Wednesday, former International Game Technology Chairman Chuck Mathewson said the gaming industry is already rebounding from its two-year-long recession.
"It's going to be a long recovery, and we're starting to see some traction," said Mathewson, who began investing in IGT in the early 1980s, became chairman and chief executive officer, and grew the company into the industry's largest slot machine manufacturer.
"The industry won't be as robust as it was, but it will recover," Mathewson said. "We just need to continue to provide the entertainment options that people want."
Mathewson was joined on stage at the Las Vegas Convention Center by Leonard Ainsworth, founder of Australian slot machine giant Aristocrat Leisure Ltd.; former New Jersey gaming regulator Steven Perskie; longtime Strip hotel-casino executive Burton Cohen; and Frank Fahrenkopf Jr., president of the American Gaming Association.
Political commentator Jon Ralston, who moderated the hourlong discussion, drew similar responses from the panelists when he asked about the industry's recovery, especially in Las Vegas.
Cohen said Las Vegas casino operators always have reinvested in their properties to keep reinventing what they would offer guests, such as new restaurants and other amenities. He expects that trend to continue.
He and Mathewson said Strip casinos need to refocus their efforts on gaming and return to the industry's roots.
Cohen, who joined the board of directors of MGM Resorts International in April, predicted the $8.5 billion CityCenter development eventually will be successful.
"Only in Las Vegas would you be able to build a city within a city," Cohen said.
Cohen also provided some of the more memorable quotes of the discussion.
During his introduction, Ralston pointed out that Cohen operated such resorts as the Desert Inn, Thunderbird and the Dunes over his 40-year career.
Responded Cohen, "In a testimony to my ability to manage, all of those hotels have been blown up."
When the discussion turned to Macau and its effect on Las Vegas and the rest of casino industry, Ralston said Wynn Resorts Ltd. Chairman Steve Wynn and Las Vegas Sands Corp. Chairman Sheldon Adelson, who have large casino investments in China, are always in Asia and rarely available in Las Vegas.
"That's not at all a bad thing," Cohen quipped.
Ainsworth said Macau and recent casino openings in Singapore have created new casino customers, predominately in Asia.
Cohen said the expansion of gaming nationally and worldwide has been good for the industry, although he had opposed the legalization of casinos in Atlantic City in the mid-1970s.
As the head of the Nevada Resort Association, he was unsuccessful in getting the member casinos to fund a campaign against Atlantic City's efforts.
"Little did I know all the men in the room were getting options on land in Atlantic City," Cohen said.
Perskie said Atlantic City is taking the correct steps toward recovery, even though the market has experienced 26 straight months of gaming revenue declines. He thinks efforts by New Jersey's governor to revamp the tourism market and the state's gaming industry will be successful.
"The reports of Atlantic City's death have been greatly exaggerated," Perskie said, adding that the impact from expanded gaming in neighboring states, such as Pennsylvania, will eventually lessen.
The panelists differed somewhat on Internet gaming. Ainsworth was supportive of efforts to legalize Internet gaming in the United States and Fahrenkopf's Washington, D.C.-based organization now believes the technology exists to safely regulate the activity.
Cohen, however, was somewhat wary of an activity that might keep potential customers away from casinos.
"I was the driving force behind no TVs in hotel rooms," Cohen said.


Are you aware that having diabetes increases the risk of developing several eye-related conditions? These conditions include diabetic retinopathy, cataracts and glaucoma, as well as several other conditions that may impact your vision.
Diabetic retinopathy, which occurs due to high blood glucose levels causing harm to the blood vessels in the retina, and it's also one of the leading causes of adult blindness in North America.
While cataracts, which lead to the loss of vision, and are a common result of getting older, a lot of people don't know that diabetes patients are likely to develop these at a much younger age.
Your odds of developing glaucoma, another condition that can lead to loss of vision, increase by fifty percent when you've got diabetes. Glaucoma comes about as a result of escalating pressure in the eye, resulting in damage of nerves in the eye and loss of vision.
Race í studies have proven that African-Americans and Hispanics may be more susceptible to developing diabetic retinopathy and vision loss.
Unfortunately, these symptoms are more than warning signs. At patient can develop diabetic eye disease before they even start to detect symptoms.
Detecting the condition before these symptoms surface can make all the difference when it comes to avoiding irreversible vision loss. With this is mind, it is strongly advised that diabetes sufferers go get a yearly eye exam to monitor the health of their eyes. If you have diabetes, it's so important to make sure you know about the risks and prevention of diabetic eye disease. Annual eye exams, and proper preventative measures, can make the difference between a world of sight and a world of darkness.


JUST CALL ME BATWOMAN…RESCUING THOSE WITH FASHION DILEMMAS.
I have been pining over this cape blazer from BCBG MaxAzria for a long time and I received it as a birthday gift from my handsome husband. My son Levi is obsessed with it, he is into the batman vibe and wants me to find him 'a boy version' one…that little man melts my heart.
I love how it is cropped (great for a petite frame) and that it zips all the way up, it has a double zip actually. It can be worn like a top, open over a dress or with a long sleeved blouse underneath for those chilly days.
I have been wanting a thumb ring for a while now. I follow a blogger named Blair Eadie and she wears a gold thumb ring and a Chanel broach I am obsessed with, I can only dream of the broach right now. Lucky for me my mom gave me this rockin' silver thumb ring for my birthday. Can you spy it?
Speaking of birthday presents, these are my Manola Blahnik's that Tim gave me for my 30th birthday. They are only a couple years old now (I wish, try 12 years), but I still love them and have an extra bounce in my step when I wear them.
And the best accessory of all…my Coco. She is the sweetest little dog, we have had her a week now and she already can sit and shake a paw…another genius Deutschmann, ha!


Model One is a refinement of a shape I have been developing for a number of years across several builds through experimentation with different building techniques.
It is a reflection of my personal tastes as a guitar player; it has romantic appeal, a defining shape, clean lines and a sound that is full, rich and moving with delicate and clear separation between notes. It has note clarity that one would expect from a finely tuned piano with powerful resonance, sensational playability and captivating beauty.
This model is well suited for finger style and flat picking guitar players.