Menstrual history: How long do they last, how many pads, menarche, LMP, cramps with periods, vaginal discharge, blahblahblah.
Pregnancy: Sexual activity, birth control, previous pregnancies.
Hyperprolactinemia symptoms: Galactorrhea, oligomenorrhea leading to amennorrhea, infertility, anti-depressant use, changes in vision.
Hyperandrogenic symptoms suggestive of PCOS: Skin changes (acne), hair and voice changes.
Symptoms suggestive of premature ovarian failure: Hot flashes, vaginal dryness, itching.
Eye exam and visual field: "EOMI, visual fields full to confrontation, no lid lag, diplopia."
Ask patient to swallow: "No thyromegaly"
Check DTR: "Normal DTR bilaterally"
Optional: Auscultate heart, lungs. Palpate abdomen.
Mention need for pelvic exam and breast exam.
day since the past one year. Normally her periods last for 4-5 days and she uses 2-3 pads per day.
Also complaints of galactorrhea since a few days. Denies visual field loss.
C/o hirsutism, weight gain. Denies voice changes, acne.
Denies cold or heat intolerance, diarrhea or constipation.
Denies hot flashes, vaginal dryness, itching or discharge.
active with husband, uses pills since 8 years.
HEENT: PERRLA, EOMI, no nystagmus, lid lag, drooping eyelids.
The only thing missing is past history is details of menses - like were they regular before, irregular etc. The supporting point here for pregnancy is also sexually active.


Eleven Mukhi Rudraksh Bead represent Lord Rudra ( Hanuman ) so it bestows health, wealth, strength, success, popularity & worldly comforts. It grants long life of the wearers. Energized eleven mukhi rudraksha helpful to getting desired son or daughter by the grace of Lord Shiva. One can get the love and affection of the desired person by its grace. It can be kept on the place of worship, cash box to boost prosperity and wealth. Eleven Faced Rudraksha also reinforce the body, mind and helps heal several diseases.
+ - "OM HREEM HUM NAMHA"
Three Mukhis Rudraksh represent three Supreme power of the Universe, Lord Brahma, Vishnu & Mahesh, wearer get the blessing of these supreme power. Know more..


"Take off your shoes," Attilla wasn't used to asking anyone to do anything; so he didn't. Penn noticed a small bench behind the door, and he sat to take off his boots. Above the bench was a large mirror. Penn had only seen one other mirror in his life. A merchant had been trying to sell it at the fair in Oliveloft. The gnome had seen his reflection almost every day, however, in wash basins and standing water pools in Brentwood. Still, he couldn't help but be fascinated once again at the sight of himself, and the clarity of the mirror.
Penn first noticed that his hair was looking horrible. He always, ever since he was a kid, had to have his hair combed and looking sharp. After he had removed his shoes Attilla went on into the den area to start the fire, while his friend fixed his hair. Penn pulled a comb made of wood and abalone out of his pack and started working on his hair, which he wore combed over one eye these days. The comb had been a gift from his mom during the Festival of Serynade many years ago. Penn always carried it with him as a good luck charm.
After fixing his brown hair, Penn took a look into his own face. He noticed dark circles under his eyes. Two hard days travelling, with a night spent out in the wilderness had taken its toll. He raised his chin and noticed dirt lines on his neck. He needed a wash badly, and wondered how nasty he must smell.
Attilla must have been watching him and understood what Penn must be thinking, for he called from the other room, "I wouldn't worry too much about it. Most of the people here are animals anyway." He made himself laugh, but Penn wasn't sure that it was appropriate for him to share in the humor. So he just walked out of the foyer area and into the den, where the fire was just starting to warm up the larger room.
Attilla's den area was beautiful. On one wall he had shelves upon shelves of books. Bindings of all different colors and sizes stood like little soldiers overlooking two comfortable chairs. Penn could smell the old parchment, which reminded him of the school house in Brentwood. Just glancing at some of the titles, Penn had already read several of the books. As much as Penn loved books, he couldn't take his eyes off of what was on the other wall.
Weapons of every kind hung on Attilla's wall. Penn felt like he could have been in a dwarven weapon smith's shop. Swords of every length and breadth, maces, axes, and some weapons Penn had never even seen all stared back at him. His eye's immediately focused on a small hand axe with a turtle shell pommel. Penn forced himself to measure each weapon's own designs, but he always found his eyes going back to that axe. Attilla got himself washed up, changed his clothes and started making some hot tea while his friend looked around the house.
'Yeah, my neck is all gunked up, and my feet need a good scrub." Penn said.
"Well go handle that. Nothing in here is going anywhere before you get back, I promise," Attilla teased.
"Jokes," Penn laughed. "Make me some tea. I am your guest." Penn walked past the fireplace, where again the masonry was superb. There was no jealousy in Penn as he walked through the kitchen area and out the back door. He was proud of the life Attilla had carved for himself here in Shadowmire. Life had been hard enough on the poor therian gnome. When the people of Brentwood learned of Attilla's disease, they simply did not understand it. At first adults, who should know better, would try to bait him into his transformations so they could watch. His classmates would call him names and throw rocks and sticks at him. Attilla's parents treated him harshly, and he distanced himself from them as much as he could.
The only real haven for Attilla was at the Darvel home. He stayed over there a lot of the time, and was always treated kindly. Penn would read through books on the nights Attilla had to go home, searching for some kind of way to make his friend better. Things never got better for Attilla in Brentwood. In fact, things got remarkably worse as he got older.
These days I try to ignore mirrors . . . they do not reflect my inner image.
I am glad they don't show my inner image; it would be like Dorian Gray seeing his painted visage.
. . . imagine the premise reversed . . .


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Successful Strategies for Doing Business in Asia: Malaysia (Updated)
Salwah Abdul Shukor, Rajiv Vijayanathan, Azlan Zain
MERITAS - Law Firms Worldwide
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WHAT ROLE WILL THE GOVERNMENT OF MALAYSIA PLAY IN APPROVING AND REGULATING FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT?
Regulation of foreign investment in Malaysia is done both through legislation as well as governmental policies. Specific licenses and permits are required for the conduct of certain strategic activities and businesses, such as manufacturing activities, petroleum-related activities and telecommunications, and equity participation requirements are sometimes imposed by the Malaysian regulatory authorities in granting these licenses and permits.
Such equity participation conditions are commonly formulated and imposed by the respective sector regulators based on the specific requirements and strategic nature of the relevant sector.
Please see full Chapter below for more information.
SUCCESSFUL STRATEGIES FOR DOING BUSINESS IN ASIA FOURTH EDITIONMALAYSIA SUCCESSFUL STRATEGIES FOR DOING BUSINESS INASIA PREPARED BY MERITAS LAWYERS IN ASIA Dennis Unkovic, Edito r Published by Meritas, Inc. • 800 Hennepin Avenue, Suite 600 Minneapolis, Minnesota 55403 USA +1.612.339.8680 | +1.612.337.5783 fax | www.meritas.org © Copyright 2015, Meritas, Inc. All rights reserved. SUCCESSFUL STRATEGIES FOR DOING BUSINESS IN ASIA This is the fourth revised edition of Successful Strategies for Doing Business in Asia, which was first published in 2006. Prepared by lawyers from 13 leading Meritas member law firms in the Asia region, this book targets foreign investors and business people looking to pursue investment opportunities throughout Asia. Each chapter contains general information and guidelines and offers practical insights as opposed to specific legal advice. The Meritas network provides unique and exclusive access to the highest quality legal services throughout Asia and worldwide. With over 7,000 business lawyers and litigators in over 230 global markets, Meritas is your doorway to experienced legal professionals literally everywhere. Meritas firms • Are ready to provide high-quality legal services through a closely knit, integrated group of full-service law firms in 76 countries worldwide • Are subjected to rigorous selection criteria, ongoing service monitoring, and periodic recertification reviews • Provide access to local knowledge, insight and customs at market rates • Have the capability to coordinate legal services across multiple jurisdictions for complex transactions • Are available for review at www.meritas.org. Our website facilitates direct access to Meritas firms worldwide through a searchable database of location, skills and experience, plus links to contact lawyers at each Meritas firm. The following currency notations are used throughout this book. RMB Chinese Renminbi PHP Philippine Peso HKD Hong Kong Dollar SGD Singapore Dollar INR Indian Rupee TWD New Taiwan Dollar IDR Indonesian Rupiah THB Thai Baht JPY Japanese Yen USD United States Dollar KRW Korean Won VND Vietnamese Dông MYR Malaysian Ringgit Please be aware that the information on legal, tax and other matters contained in this book is merely descriptive and therefore not exhaustive. As a result of frequent changes in legislation and regulations from country to country, the situations as described throughout this book do not remain the same. Meritas cannot and does not guarantee the accuracy or the completeness of information provided, nor the application and execution of laws as stated. Please do not rely solely on these materials without consulting with qualified legal advisors who are familiar with your particular areas of interest and geographic locations. ABOUT THIS BOOK FROM THE EDITOR In 2008, the world experienced its worst financial crisis in 70 years. Today, while many countries and economic regions are still suffering, Asia continues to be a bright spot. Home to 3.8 billion people, Asia is playing a major role in driving the global economy back to healthier times. At first, China rebounded quickly, though this momentum has slowed somewhat recently. India exhibits signs of long-term growth potential, as do Singapore, Malaysia and others in Asia, but serious challenges remain. For over 30 years I have worked on behalf of multinational companies in their pursuit of investment and business opportunities throughout Asia. What I have learned is that countries in the Asian region can appear similar and at the same time be remarkably different. While local legal systems and government regulations will vary, every country has universal opportunities and challenges that foreign investors will face. This book is designed to provide both practical and timely insights into the 12 most frequently-asked questions that potential investors in Asia should consider: 1. What role will the government play in approving and regulating opportunities for foreign direct investment? 2. Is it possible for foreign investors to conduct business without involving a local partner? What corporate structure is most commonly used and best for foreign investors? 3. How does the government regulate commercial joint ventures composed of foreign investors and local companies or individuals? 4. What specific laws will influence the commercial relationship between local agents/distributors and foreign companies? 5. In what manner does the government regulate merger and acquisition activities by foreign investors? Are there any specific areas or industries that are heavily restricted or completely prohibited to foreign investors? 6. How do local labor statutes regulate the treatment of employees and expatriate workers? 7. What role do local banks and government agencies play in regulating the treatment and conversion of local currency, repatriation of funds overseas, letters of credit, and other basic financial transactions? 8. What types of taxes, duties and levies should a foreign investor expect to encounter in negotiating an inbound investment? www.meritas.org Successful Strategies for Doing Business in Asia 9. Do comprehensive intellectual property laws exist, and do they provide the same levels of protection for foreign investors as local companies? Will local courts and tribunals enforce IP laws uniformly, regardless of the nationality of the parties? 10. If a commercial dispute arises, given the choice between local courts or an international arbitration venue, which would offer a more beneficial forum for fair dispute resolution for foreign investors? 11. What recommendations can you offer for how best to negotiate and conduct business in your country? 12. What practical advice can you share with investors who decide to do business in your country? Thirteen Asian law firms within the Meritas alliance have generously contributed to this book. These firms are comprised of leading local lawyers who possess broad practical experience in advising international clients on how best to conduct business in their respective countries. Each law firm was presented with these "Twelve Questions" and invited to write a chapter providing an overview of the laws in their jurisdiction along with timely insights and advice. In a concise manner, this book hopes to provide readers with a clear understanding of the similarities and differences, strengths and weaknesses of countries in the Asian region. One final thought: For those who are waiting for Asia to become more predictable or financially stable before pursuing business or investment opportunities, do not wait too long. Most successful multinationals are already actively conducting business throughout Asia. Those who delay will find themselves missing out on one of the greatest economic expansions in history. There are risks, certainly, but also great rewards for the savvy – and educated – investor. Dennis Unkovic, Partner Meyer, Unkovic & Scott LLP Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania USA Tel: +1 (412) 456-2833 du@muslaw.com www.zain.com.my | Kuala Lumpur | ZAIN & CO. 91 MALAYSIA With the changing global economic landscape, most of the rapid-growth markets are found in Asia. Malaysia sits at the center with its robust trade and domestic demand. Malaysia offers investors a cost-competitive economy which is increasingly innovation-driven. It also offers strong investor protection, good talent availability, a high quality of living, and an affordable and business-friendly environment. The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries are leading the "Asian Century." The establishment of the ASEAN Community creates a single market of 600 million people and a freer flow of trade and investment will be set up by 31 December 2015 when Malaysia takes over the chairmanship of the ASEAN Summit. Doing business in Malaysia is relatively straightforward. Challenges faced by foreign investors arise primarily out of administrative processes and policies adopted by the ruling government that focus on certain strategic sectors. Malaysia subscribes to the principle of progressive liberalization within the context of overall development strategy. With the abolition of the Foreign Investment Committee in 2009, the process for foreign direct investment has been simplified substantially. The central bank, Bank Negara Malaysia, continuously implements measures to strengthen the regulatory and supervisory framework to maintain a sound and strong banking system, while the Securities Commission Malaysia is responsible for regulating and systematically developing the capital markets in Malaysia with the objective of protecting the investor. Malaysia was ranked sixth in the latest "Ease of Doing Business" report by the World Bank, up 15 places from 2009; twelfth out of 60 countries in the IMD's World Competitiveness Yearbook – ahead of the UK, Australia, Japan and Korea; and third in Bloomberg's list of the 22 best emerging markets. Malaysia is also a safe haven for investment – according to the World Bank, Malaysia's investor protection regime is ranked fourth in the world. These surveys reflect the measurable improvements in both the Business Efficiency and Government Efficiency factors and suggest the Malaysian government's objective of achieving a top 10 ranking should occur in the not too distant future. In addition, in the Global Competitiveness Report 2014-2015, which was released by the World Economic Forum (WEF) in 2014, Malaysia ranks 20th out of 144 economies, as compared to 24th out of 148 countries in 2013-2014. As shown in AT Kearney's 2014 Foreign Direct Investment Confidence Index, Successful Strategies for Doing Business in Asia Malaysia was the highest mover among the top 25 countries in the study, leaping 10 places to the 15th position as compared to its 2013 ranking. With the objective of increasing significant private sector investment, the Malaysian government launched the Iskandar Malaysia Development Region in 2006, which was designed with the investor in mind. The region will enjoy state-of-the-art facilities, infrastructure and a one-stop business centre to ensure business transactions are fast, seamless and convenient. There are many incentives available for foreign investors, including tax incentives for certain promoted activities. Iskandar Malaysia secured MYR26.77 billion in new investments in 2014, bringing the total cumulative committed amount to MYR158.3 billion since 2006. In 2013, the new investments were MYR25.05 billion. Foreign investors contributed 36% or MYR56.99 billion of the total cumulative committed investments. In line with the Malaysia International Islamic Financial Centre (MIFC) initiative launched in 2006 to develop Malaysia as the international hub of Islamic finance, Malaysia was also recognized as the world's most important Islamic-finance centre by The Economist in 2013. The nation's New Economic Model (launched on 30 March 2010) seeks to transform the nation into a high-income economy that is both sustainable and inclusive and will position the nation on the right path toward attaining developed nation status by 2020. In 2015 Malaysia assumed the chairmanship of ASEAN ahead of the scheduled roll-out of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC). The AEC is expected to merge the economies of the 10-member ASEAN into a unified production, trade and investment bloc. This will create a single market for a region home to 600 million people with a combined gross domestic product of USD2 trillion. The AEC promises to be a landmark achievement for the regional grouping, and its success could help drive strong economic growth for member countries. Because the AEC is set to be inaugurated during Malaysia's term as the ASEAN Chair means that Malaysia will play a key leadership role in the region when it assumes the position. As the ASEAN Chair in 2015, Malaysia will have the responsibility to explain and convince the world about the significance, achievements and vision of the AEC. www.meritas.org 92 1. WHAT ROLE WILL THE GOVERNMENT OF MALAYSIA PLAY IN APPROVING AND REGULATING FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT? Regulation of foreign investment in Malaysia is done both through legislation as well as governmental policies. Specific licenses and permits are required for the conduct of certain strategic activities and businesses, such as manufacturing activities, petroleum-related activities and telecommunications, and equity participation requirements are sometimes imposed by the Malaysian regulatory authorities in granting these licenses and permits. Such equity participation conditions are commonly formulated and imposed by the respective sector regulators based on the specific requirements and strategic nature of the relevant sector. The Malaysian government offers many incentives to encourage business growth and development. Through economic reform initiatives, such as the Economic Transformation Program, the government seeks to provide opportunities for business to expand and stay competitive. Various incentives and initiatives have been introduced to deregulate foreign direct investment and to attract foreign direct investment into Malaysia, including the liberalization of foreign equity requirements imposed on a total of 45 services subsectors to date and the development of five economic growth corridors within Malaysia to leverage on the competitive advantage of different states and develop high impact industry clusters in these areas. Attractive investment packages such as income tax exemptions, liberal policies on foreign equity participation, and employment of expatriates are provided for in these regions. Although the Malaysian government continues to play an active role in approving and regulating foreign direct investment in certain strategic sectors, liberalization measures have been progressively adopted by the government to remove restrictions on foreign direct investment. We look forward to more governmental policies and measures which are market-friendly, merit-based, needs-based and transparent, and will improve Malaysia's competitiveness as a foreign investment destination and meet the country's goal of becoming a high-income economy by 2020. www.zain.com.my | Kuala Lumpur | ZAIN & CO. 93 MALAYSIA Successful Strategies for Doing Business in Asia 2. IS IT POSSIBLE FOR FOREIGN INVESTORS TO CONDUCT BUSINESS IN MALAYSIA WITHOUT A LOCAL PARTNER? WHAT CORPORATE STRUCTURE IS MOST COMMONLY USED AND BEST FOR FOREIGN INVESTORS? Foreign investors can conduct business in Malaysia without a local partner by (most commonly) incorporating a company under the Companies Act 1965 (CA) or by setting up branches of foreign companies in Malaysia. However, local partners are still required in certain regulated activities such as petroleum and telecommunications. Under the CA, the following types of companies may be incorporated in Malaysia: • A private limited company, which has liability limited by shares (commonly used) • A public limited company, which has liability limited by shares (commonly used) Prior to the incorporation of a company in Malaysia, an application must be made to determine if the proposed name of the intended company is available. The CA requires the company incorporated in Malaysia to have a minimum of two directors who are residents in Malaysia. A resident need not be a Malaysian citizen. In addition, all companies must have at least two initial subscribers. The Limited Liability Partnerships Act 2012 (LLPA) came into operation on 26 December 2012. With the coming into force of the LLPA, any two or more persons, consisting of, wholly or partly, individuals or bodies corporate, associated for carrying on any lawful business with a view to profit may form a limited liability partnership in accordance with the terms of the limited liability partnership agreement. On 5 February 2013, the Companies Commission of Malaysia published the General Guidelines for Registration for Limited Liability Partnerships and Related Matters. www.meritas.org 94 3. HOW DOES THE MALAYSIAN GOVERNMENT REGULATE COMMERCIAL JOINT VENTURES COMPOSED OF FOREIGN INVESTORS AND LOCAL COMPANIES OR INDIVIDUALS? Commercial ventures between foreign investors and local firms or individuals in regulated sectors are regulated by the Malaysian government through applicable laws, regulations, policies and guidelines, including the imposition of foreign equity participation requirements in the granting of the licenses necessary for conducting business in the regulated sectors. 4. WHAT SPECIFIC LAWS WILL INFLUENCE THE COMMERCIAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LOCAL AGENTS/DISTRIBUTORS AND FOREIGN COMPANIES? The Guidelines on Foreign Participation in the Distributive Trade Services Malaysia 2010 (Guidelines on Foreign Participation in Distributive Trade 2010) require all proposals for foreign involvement in distributive trade to obtain the approval of the Ministry of Domestic Trade Cooperatives and Consumerism (MDTCC). These include acquisition of interest, mergers and/or takeovers by foreign participation, the opening of new branches and relocation, expansion of existing branch/outlet, buying over/taking over of outlets of other operators and the purchase of properties to operate distributive trade activities prior to any application for approval/license from the local authority to operate distributive trade activities. All distributive trade companies with foreign equity shall: • Appoint Bumiputera director/directors • Hire personnel at all levels including management to reflect composition of the Malaysian population • Formulate clear policies and plans to assist Bumiputera participation in the distributive trade sector • Hire at least 1% of the total hypermarket workforce from persons with disabilities (if applicable) • Increase the utilization of local airports and ports in the export and import of goods • Utilize local companies for legal and other professional services which are available in Malaysia • Submit an annual financial report to the MDTCC • Comply with all local authorities by laws and regulations www.zain.com.my | Kuala Lumpur | ZAIN & CO. 95 MALAYSIA Successful Strategies for Doing Business in Asia Apart from the above, the relationship of a company with foreign equity and its local agents and distributors will usually be governed through their respective contractual arrangements. Contractual arrangements are primarily governed by the Contracts Act 1950, which sets out certain provisions concerning the relationship of agency. 5. IN WHAT MANNER DOES THE MALAYSIAN GOVERNMENT REGULATE PROPOSED MERGER AND ACQUISITION ACTIVITIES BY FOREIGN INVESTORS? ARE THERE ANY SPECIFIC AREAS OR INDUSTRIES THAT ARE HEAVILY RESTRICTED OR COMPLETELY PROHIBITED TO FOREIGN INVESTORS? The Malaysian government regulates proposed merger and acquisition activities by foreign investors primarily through the licensing process, e.g., by the imposition of a requirement for the approval of the relevant regulatory authority to be obtained prior to any change of foreign shareholding structure of the licensee holder. National interest in terms of strategic sectors will continue to be safeguarded through sector regulators. GLCs will continue to constitute a major part of the nation's economic structure. Companies in such sectors will also continue to be subject to equity conditions as imposed by their respective sector regulators, such as the Energy Commission, Commercial Vehicles Licensing Board, National Water Services Commission, Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission. In some cases, the Malaysian government takes a stake in companies within strategic sectors through GLCs or its appropriate ministries via "golden shares" and veto rights. The Guideline on the Acquisition of Properties by foreigners at the minimum threshold of MYR1 million, as proposed in the Budget 2014, takes effect from 1 March 2014. In states other than the Federal Territories of Kuala Lumpur, Putrajaya and Labuan, the actual enforcement date is subject to the respective state authority. The Guideline was first enforced on 30 June 2009 to replace the Foreign Investment Committee Guidelines (FIC Guidelines) which was abolished. One of the conditions set forth in the Guideline is the minimum threshold for the acquisition of a residential unit, commercial unit, industrial land and agricultural land by foreigners. On 30 June 2009, the minimum threshold imposed was MYR250,000 per unit, and it was then raised to MYR500,000 per unit effective 1 January 2010. In line with the announcement made in the Budget 2014, the Guideline was www.meritas.org 96 revised by increasing the minimum threshold for the acquisition of property by foreign interests to MYR1 million per unit (although some states adopted different minimum thresholds such as Selangor, which imposes a minimum threshold of MYR300,000 per unit for commercial units and industrial land). Further, the approvals of the respective state authorities as well as approvals of the respective estate land boards for the acquisition of agricultural and estate land are usually additionally required. 6. HOW DO LOCAL LABOR STATUTES REGULATE THE TREATMENT OF EMPLOYEES AND EXPATRIATE WORKERS? In general, parties may negotiate freely on the terms of the employment contract. However, a statutory protection under the Employment Act 1955 (EA) is afforded to manual workers or employees whose monthly wages do not exceed MYR2,000 and employees under a few other specified categories in the EA. The EA provides for the minimum terms and benefits in relation to the employees' welfare with specific reference to medical benefits and leave taking. Further, the Minimum Wages Order 2012 prescribes the minimum wages payable by an employer to its employees (whether local or foreign). Pursuant to the Minimum Wages Order 2012, an employer with more than five employees in Peninsular Malaysia is required to pay to its employees a minimum wage of MYR900 a month. The Industrial Relations Act 1967 (IRA) is applicable throughout Malaysia and provides for the regulation of relations between employers and workers or employees and their trade union. The IRA was enacted to protect the employees whereby fair treatment is given to them and due process is observed in relation to the termination of employment. Strictly speaking, no employer can abuse its right to fire employees without due cause. An employer is only entitled to terminate employees for just and reasonable cause. Just cause would be in reference to misconduct, negligence or poor work performance. In Malaysia, the onus is on the employer to establish such allegations. This Act also sets out the procedure relating to submissions of claims for recognition and scope and representation of trade union and collective bargaining. However, matters relating to promotion, recruitment and dismissal are not allowed to be included in the proposal for collective bargaining. The Employee Provident Fund (EPF) is a form of compulsory savings for workers. Employees can only withdraw EPF savings in certain circumstances, for example, medical bills and retirement. Currently, employees aged less than 60 years old are required to contribute 11% of www.zain.com.my | Kuala Lumpur | ZAIN & CO. 97 MALAYSIA Successful Strategies for Doing Business in Asia their monthly salary to EPF while employers are required to contribute 12% of the employees' monthly salary (where their monthly salary exceeds MYR5,000) or 13% of the employees' monthly salary (where their monthly salary is MYR5,000 or less). For employees between 60 and 75 years old, the contribution rates are half of the statutory contribution rates set out above for both employers and employees. Expatriates are exempted from the EPF requirements. Social Security Organization (SOCSO) is a fund to provide benefits for workers who meet with accidents in the course of their employment. All workers who earn MYR3,000 or less must become members of SOCSO. Once a person is a member of SOCSO, then that person should continue to be a member even if his or her salary is above MYR3,000. Foreigners intending to work in Malaysia will be required to obtain the relevant permit from the Immigration Department of Malaysia. The Employment Pass is issued to an expatriate worker taking up a contract of employment with a minimum period of two years and earning a monthly income of not less than MYR5,000. A foreign spouse of a Malaysian citizen (legally married under the Malaysian law) is permitted to work in Malaysia without having to change his/her Social Visit Pass to an Employment Pass on condition that the spouse has acquired work approval from the Immigration Department. In addition, foreign companies are permitted to hire expatriate personnel in areas where there is a shortage of trained Malaysians to perform these specific roles. The minimum paid-up capital required of a private limited company or a public listed company incorporated in Malaysia applying for an expatriate post is MYR250,000 (where the company is 100% locally owned), MYR350,000 (where the company is both local and foreign owned), and MYR500,000 (where the company is 100% foreign owned). It is to be noted that in the case of companies engaging in wholesale, retail, trading, import and export business, the MDTCC guidelines require a minimum paid-up capital of MYR1,000,000 in order to obtain the Wholesale and Retail Trade License, which in turn is required prior to applying for the expatriate work permit. www.meritas.org 98 7. WHAT ROLE DO LOCAL BANKS AND GOVERNMENT AGENCIES PLAY IN REGULATING THE TREATMENT AND CONVERSION OF LOCAL CURRENCY, REPATRIATION OF FUNDS OVERSEAS, LETTERS OF CREDIT, AND OTHER BASIC FINANCIAL TRANSACTIONS? The exchange control regime is governed by the Exchange Control Act 1953 and what is commonly referred to as Exchange Control of Malaysia Notices (ECMs) issued by BNM. The ECMs set out various transactions that require the prior approvals of the Controller of Foreign Exchange of the BNM for both residents and nonresidents to remit funds to and from Malaysia. Generally, all payments in foreign currency to nonresidents, including the repatriation of funds overseas, are freely permitted. A nonresident may repatriate funds overseas by setting up an external account with the local banks. The funds can then be converted into foreign currency with a licensed onshore bank and repatriated at any time. Nevertheless, reporting of inward and outward remittances of transactions exceeding certain limits is required. Certain special status is granted to selected companies, such as entities in the Labuan International Offshore Financial Centre, Multimedia Super Corridor companies, and Approved Operational Headquarters (OHQs) where there is a relaxation on the ECM requirements. For instance, OHQs may now: • Retain any amount of export receipts in their foreign currency accounts maintained with licensed onshore banks • Obtain any amount of Malaysian ringgit credit facilities from domestic sources 8. WHAT TYPES OF TAXES, DUTIES, AND LEVIES SHOULD A FOREIGN INVESTOR EXPECT TO ENCOUNTER IN NEGOTIATING AN INBOUND INVESTMENT IN MALAYSIA? Generally, all income of companies and individuals accrued in, derived from or remitted to Malaysia are liable to tax. Apart from income tax, there are other direct taxes (such as stamp duties) and indirect taxes (such as sales tax, service tax, excise duty and import duty). www.zain.com.my | Kuala Lumpur | ZAIN & CO. 99 MALAYSIA Successful Strategies for Doing Business in Asia Effective from the year of assessment 2009, the corporate tax rate is reduced to 25%, while the maximum individual tax rate will be revised to 25% effective from the year of assessment 2015. Malaysia also offers a wide range of tax incentives for manufacturing projects under the Promotion of Investments Act 1986 and the Income Tax Act 1967. The main incentives are the Pioneer Status, Investment Tax Allowance, Reinvestment Allowance, Incentives for High Technology Industries, Incentives for Strategic Projects, and Incentives for the Setting-up of International/Regional Service-based Operations. Further, companies undertaking investment projects approved by the IRDA in designated zones will be eligible for a 10-year corporate tax exemption provided certain conditions are met. The rate of tax varies depending on the status of the residency of the individual. Generally individuals are regarded as residents if their stay in Malaysia is more than 182 days in a calendar year. Nonresidents are subject to withholding tax of 10% to 15%. However, there may be double taxation agreements entered into between Malaysia and certain countries of the nonresident, in which case the rate of withholding tax may be reduced. The Stamp Act 1949 imposes stamp duty to be paid for certain instruments, including documents to effect any acquisition of properties and assets. However, there is no difference in the stamp rates applicable for foreigners. Under the recent Budget 2014 announcement, the Malaysian government has proposed a significant increase to the current real property gains tax (RPGT) rates to further curb speculative activities in the local real property market. With effect from 1 January 2014, the revised RPGT rates for the disposal of real property and shares in real property companies will be as follows: Individual Individual Disposal Period Companies (Resident/PR) (Non-citizen) Within 3 years 30% 30% 30% In the 4th year 20% 20% 30% In the 5th year 15% 15% 30% In the 6th and subsequent years 5% 0% 5% www.meritas.org 100 Note: The holding period of three, four, five and six years refers to the period between the date of property acquisition and the date of property disposal. However, exemptions from RPGT are applicable to certain types of transactions. With effect from 1 April 2015, the Goods and Services Tax (GST) (also known as VAT in other countries) at the rate of 6% will be levied and charged on the supply of goods and services in Malaysia. GST will also be charged on the importation of goods and services. Under the system, GST can only be levied and charged if the business is registered under the GST system. A business is not liable to be registered if its annual turnover of taxable supplies does not reach the prescribed threshold and such businesses are not entitled to charge and collect GST on the supply of goods and services. 9. DO COMPREHENSIVE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAWS EXIST IN MALAYSIA AND DO THEY PROVIDE THE SAME LEVELS OF PROTECTION FOR FOREIGN INVESTORS AS LOCAL COMPANIES? WILL LOCAL COURTS AND TRIBUNALS ENFORCE IP LAWS UNIFORMLY, REGARDLESS OF THE NATIONALITY OF THE PARTIES? Malaysia offers an extensive statutory scheme covering intellectual property rights comprised of copyright, trademarks, patents, industrial designs, geographical indications and layout designs of integrated circuits. The laws are applicable to and seek to protect all parties, regardless of their nationalities, as long as the subject matter is within the jurisdiction of the local courts. Malaysia is a member of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) and a signatory to the Paris Convention and Berne Convention. Additionally, Malaysia is also a signatory to the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). This effectively means that Malaysian intellectual property rights will be given the same treatment and protection in other TRIPS member countries provided local registration requirements are met. Malaysia has also recently acceded to the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) in effect from 16 August 2006. The Intellectual Property Corporation of Malaysia was established in 1990 and is responsible for the development and management of the intellectual property system in Malaysia as well as to ensure the administration and www.zain.com.my | Kuala Lumpur | ZAIN & CO. 101 MALAYSIA Successful Strategies for Doing Business in Asia enforcement of intellectual property legislation. In 2007, the Intellectual Property Courts were established to provide speedier and more specialized management of intellectual property disputes in the country. Intellectual property rights are also afforded protection under the common law. For instance, the doctrine of passing off and breach of confidence are a basis for the unregistered trademark's owners to seek recourse. Although "smell" has yet to be included the definition of a registerable trademark, and there are currently no enabling regulations to permit security interest to be taken over intellectual property, Malaysia generally provides adequate protection to both local and foreign investors. In recent years, the government has also intensified enforcement efforts on illegal counterfeiting activities through frequent raids and general public awareness initiatives. 10. IF A COMMERCIAL DISPUTE ARISES, GIVEN THE CHOICE BETWEEN LOCAL COURTS OR AN INTERNATIONAL ARBITRATION VENUE, WHICH WOULD OFFER A MORE BENEFICIAL FORUM FOR FAIR DISPUTE RESOLUTION FOR FOREIGN INVESTORS? In Malaysia, disputes may be resolved through courts or through arbitration. Many litigants resort to the processes of the local courts, which have of late ensured speedier disposal of cases and at lower costs, compared to that of arbitration. Nevertheless, arbitration has been the preferred forum where certain specific expertise or technical knowledge is required in the decision-making process, for example in areas such as maritime law, building and construction law, etc. Arbitration is perceived to be more expedient as it provides certain flexibility and has less rigid evidential rules as opposed to court proceedings. In addition, parties have the freedom to choose the counsel representing them and representation by Malaysian lawyers is not required. Further, there is no restriction on the language to be used in the arbitration proceedings. Therefore, there is preference for commercial contracts to stipulate arbitration as a preferred mode for dispute resolutions. www.meritas.org 102 The Arbitration Act 2005 came into effect on 15 March 2006 and embodies major provisions of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration. Absent a determination of the number of arbitrators by the parties, the number of arbitrators usually consists of three arbitrators for international arbitration and one arbitrator for domestic arbitration. The Kuala Lumpur Regional Centre for Arbitration (KLRCA) was established in 1978 and its role includes: • Acting as the appointing authority for arbitrators where there is no agreed procedure in the arbitration agreement or where the agreed procedure has failed • Rendering assistance in the enforcement of awards • Administering international and domestic arbitration under the Rules of UNCITRAL In 2012, the KLRCA launched its revised KLRCA Fast Track Rules, with the view of providing an alternative and flexible procedure to ensure a just, expeditious, economical and final determination of disputes. Under the Fast Track Rules, parties are to nominate the arbitral tribunal within seven days from the commencement of arbitration, failing which the arbitral tribunal shall be appointed by the director of the KLRCA. Further, final award is to be handed down expeditiously,within 90 days from the commencement of arbitration for documents-only arbitration and 160 days if a substantive oral hearing is involved. In recognition of these initiatives, the KLRCA was recently awarded the prestigious voter-based Global Arbitration Review Award for Innovation by an Individual or Organization in 2012. 11. WHAT RECOMMENDATIONS CAN YOU OFFER FOR HOW BEST TO NEGOTIATE AND CONDUCT BUSINESS IN MALAYSIA? The Malaysian government is committed to maintaining a business environment that provides companies with opportunities for growth and profits. Practical challenges generally lie in administrative procedures which may appear to complicate the process of foreign direct investment in Malaysia. Regulatory authorities are generally cooperative and offer guidance and assistance to investors who wish to conduct business in Malaysia. www.zain.com.my | Kuala Lumpur | ZAIN & CO. 103 MALAYSIA Successful Strategies for Doing Business in Asia 12. WHAT PRACTICAL ADVICE CAN YOU SHARE WITH INVESTORS WHO DECIDE TO DO BUSINESS IN MALAYSIA? Notwithstanding the deregulation of the FIC, there remains local equity participation requirements imposed on foreign investments in certain sectors. In seeking to fulfill such requirements, it is important for foreign investors to select the right local partners who subscribe to the same business principles and have a similar vision for the business as a whole. It is recommended that foreign investors have a general understanding of the key priority development sectors of the ruling government so as to avail themselves of possible incentives being offered (including tax reliefs and, in some instances, seed funding). The Malaysian government is very much pro-business and committed to undertaking reforms to encourage business growth and development. Investors can look for support and guidance from the following government agencies: Malaysian Investment Development Authority (MIDA) www.mida.gov.my Multimedia Development Corporation (MDec) www.mdec.my Halal Industry Development Corporation (HDC) ww.hdeglobal.com Biotech Corp www.biotechcorp.com.my Invest KL www.investkl.gov.my www.meritas.org 104 GLOSSARY BNM Bank Negara Malaysia Bumiputera Malaysian natives CA Companies Act, 1965 EA Employment Act, 1955 ECM Exchange Control of Malaysia Notices EPF Employee Provident Fund EPU Economic Planning Unit FIC Foreign Investment Committee GLCs Government-Linked Companies GST Goods and Services Tax IDR Iskandar Development Region IRA Industrial Relations Act, 1967 IRDA Iskandar Regional Development Authority KLRCA Kuala Lumpur Regional Centre for Arbitration NDP New Development Policy NEM Malaysia New Model NEP New Economic Policy OHQs Approved Operational Headquarters RPGT Real Property Gains Tax SC Securities Commission SEDCs State Economic Development Corporations SOCSO Social Security Organization VAT Value Added Tax www.zain.com.my | Kuala Lumpur | ZAIN & CO. 105 MALAYSIA Successful Strategies for Doing Business in Asia ZAIN & CO. Zain & Co. was established in 1970 by Mr. Zain Azahari bin Zainal Abidin. The firm is consistently listed in the Asia Pacific Legal 500, Chambers and Partners Asia Pacific, and International Financial Law Review 1000 for significant transactions in the areas of mergers and acquisitions and banking and finance. Chambers has credited the firm as "A team whose drafting was praised by clients as being 'on par with U.S. law firms.' International clients appreciated its responsiveness, knowledge of local law and understanding of the negotiation process." According to Legal 500, "Zain & Co. has attracted praise as a 'go-to firm'." The firm offers expertise in the projects, infrastructure and energy sector. As stated in Chambers and Partners Asia Pacific 2013-2014, "This firm has significant experience in the projects and infrastructure sector, providing transactional and regulatory assistance to a broad base of clients. Recent highlights include advising Express Rail Link on the extension of the KLIA Express and KLIA Transit Railway System to the Low Cost Carrier Terminal." In addition, the firm customarily handles complex financial instruments and was one of the first law firms to handle Islamic finance issues in the country. According to Chambers & Partners, "Zain & Co. is known for its deep and long-standing expertise in Islamic finance, making it well placed to handle the full spectrum of Islamic banking and finance work." Zain & Co. additionally provides advice in litigation, arbitration, and real estate and Shari'a (Islamic law). In the area of construction arbitration, Zain & Co. lawyers have been "recommended and credited for possessing astounding engineering knowledge" (Legal 500). The firm was short-listed for the inaugural Chambers Asia Awards 2010 for Malaysia for "the firm's notable achievements over the past year including outstanding work, impressive strategic growth and excellence in client service" and was most recently named the "Malaysian Commercial Law Firm of the Year" at the Acquisition International Legal Awards 2012. At the Acquisition International Legal Awards 2013, Zain & Co. was listed as Rising Stars in Corporate Law – Malaysia and Real Estate Law Firm of the Year – Malaysia. Contact: Zain Azlan azlan@zain.com.my Salwah Abdul Shukor sas@zain.com.my Rajiv Vijayanathan rajiv@zain.com.my www.meritas.org 106 191 For a directory of all Meritas firms, visit www.meritas.org MERITAS FIRM CONTACTS CHINA HHP Attorneys-At-Law 12th Floor, 21st Century Tower 210 Century Avenue Shanghai 200120 Jun Dai jun.dai@hhp.com.cn Tel: +8621 5047 3330 www.hhp.com.cn HONG KONG Gallant Y.T. Ho & Co. 5/F Jardine House 1 Connaught Place Central Hong Kong Amanda Liu amandaliu@gallantho.com Tel: +852 2825 2613 www.gallantho.com INDIA Khaitan & Co Simal, 2nd Floor 7/1 Ulsoor Road Bangaluru 560 042 O P Agarwal op.agarwal@khaitanco.com Rajiv Khaitan rajiv.khaitan@khaitanco.com Tel: +91 (80) 4339 7000 www.khaitanco.com Khaitan & Co Emerald House 1B, Old Post Office Street Kolkata 700 001 Nand Gopal Khaitan ng.khaitan@khaitanco.com Roopa Sheth Mitra roopa.sheth.mitra@khaitanco.com Tel: +91 (33) 2248 7000 www.khaitanco.com Khaitan & Co One Indiabulls Centre 13th Floor, Tower 1 841 Senapatai Bapat Marg Elphinstone Road Mumbai 400 013 Chakrapani Misra chakrapani.misra@khaitanco.com Akash Menon akash.menon@khaitanco.com Tel: +91 (22) 6636 5000 www.khaitanco.com Khaitan & Co Ashoka Estate, 12th Floor 24 Barakhamba Road New Delhi 110 001 Ajay Bhargava ajay.bhargava@khaitanco.com Bharat Anand bharat.anand@khaitanco.com Tel: +91 (11) 4151 5454 www.khaitanco.com INDONESIA Hanafiah Ponggawa & Partners Wisma 46 – Kota BNI 32nd & 41st Floors (Main Reception) Jalan Jenderal Sudirman Kav. 1 Jakarta 10220 Al Hakim Hanafiah ahhanafiah@hplaw.co.id Giovanni Mofsol Muhammad gmuhammad@hplaw.co.id Tel: +62 (21) 570 1837 www.hplaw.co.id www.meritas.org 192 Successful Strategies for Doing Business in Asia JAPAN Kojima Law Offices Gobancho Kataoka Bldg. 4F Gobancho 2-7, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 102-0076 Hideki Kojima kojima@kojimalaw.jp Tel: +81 (3) 3222 1401 www.kojimalaw.jp KOREA Lee & Ko Hanjin Main Building, 18th Floor 63 Namdaemun-ro, Jung-gu Seoul 100-770 Yong Seok Ahn yongseok.ahn@leeko.com Tel: +82 (2) 772 4000 www.leeko.com MALAYSIA Zain & Co. 6th & 7th Floors, Akademi Etiqa 23 Jalan Melaka Kuala Lumpur 50100 Zain Azlan azlan@zain.com.my Tel: +60 (3) 2698 6255 www.zain.com.my PHILIPPINES Angara Abello Concepcion Regala & Cruz 6/F Cebu Holdings Center Cebu Business Park Cebu City 6000 Jefferson M. Marquez jmmarquez@accralaw.com Tel: +63 (32) 231 4223 www.accralaw.com Angara Abello Concepcion Regala & Cruz 11/F Pryce Tower Price Business Park J.P. Laurel Avenue Davao City 8000 Enrique O. Diola Jr. eodiolajr@accralaw.com Tel: +63 (82) 224 0996 www.accralaw.com Angara Abello Concepcion Regala & Cruz Second Avenue Corner 30th St. Crescent Park West Bonifacio Global City 0399 Taguig Metro Manila Eusebio V. Tan evtan@accralaw.com Tel: +63 (2) 830 8000 www.accralaw.com SINGAPORE Joyce A. Tan & Partners 8 Temasek Boulevard #15-04 Suntec Tower Three Singapore 038988 Joyce A. Tan joyce@joylaw.com Tel: +65 6333 6383 www.joylaw.com TAIWAN Russin & Vecchi 9/F 205 Tun Hwa N Road Taipei 105 Thomas H. McGowan thmcgowan@russinvecchi.com.tw Tel: +886 (2) 2713 6110 www.russinvecchi.com For a directory of all Meritas firms, visit www.meritas.org 193 THAILAND Russin & Vecchi - International Legal Counsellors Thailand Ltd. 175 Sathorn City Tower 18th Floor South Sathorn Road, Sathorn Bangkok 10120 Jayavadh Bunnag jayavadhb@mail.ilct.co.th Tel: +66 (2) 679 6005 www.ilct.co.th VIETNAM Russin & Vecchi OSC-VTP Bldg, 15/F 8 Nguyen Hue Boulevard District 1 Ho Chi Minh City Sesto E. Vecchi sevecchi@russinvecchi.com.vn Tel: +84 (8) 3824 3026 www.russinvecchi.com EDITOR Dennis Unkovic, Partner du@muslaw.com Tel: +1 (412) 456 2833 Meyer, Unkovic & Scott LLP Henry W. Oliver Building 535 Smithfield Street, Suite 1300 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania USA 15222 www.muslaw.com MERITAS FIRM CONTACTS Prepared by Meritas Law Firms Meritas is an established network of 176 full-service law firms serving over 230 markets – all rigorously qualified, independent and collaborative. Connect with a Meritas law firm and benefit from local insight, local rates and world-class client service. www.meritas.org enables direct access to Meritas law firms through a searchable database of lawyer skills and experience. SUCCESSFUL STRATEGIES FOR DOING BUSINESS IN ASIA S U C C E S S F U L S T R A T E G IE S F O R D O IN G B U S IN E S S IN A S IA FOURTH EDITION
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text:
Simplifying CUCM Upgrade and Migration Tasks …
Simplifying CUCM Upgrade and Migration Tasks Using Cisco PCD – Prime Collaboration Deployment
Performing upgrades and migrations of CUCM has always been a long, manual process that required lots of staging and prepping as well as after-hours work. With the release of version 10.X Collaboration Suite, a product called Cisco Prime Collaboration Deployment (PCD) was released.
Cisco Prime Collaboration Deployment is an application designed to assist in the management of Unified Communications applications. It allows the administrator to deploy, upgrade, migrate, re-ip, and move from physical to virtual hardware.
Cisco Prime Collaboration Deployment Has Four Primary, High-Level Functions
Migrate an existing cluster of Unified Communications (UC) servers to a new cluster (this may be MCS to virtual or virtual to virtual).
Perform operations on existing clusters (8.6.1 or higher). Examples include: upgrade, switch version, restart.
Change IP addresses or Hostnames in the cluster on existing Release 10.0(1) clusters.
Fresh install a new Release 10.x Unified Communications cluster.
PCD is deployed as a virtual machine with very minimal specs.
Requirement Notes
Product Cisco Prime Collaboration Deployment
Version 10.5(1)
CPU 2 vCPUs
Memory 4 GB (RAM)
Hard Drive 80 GB (one)
Licensing Cisco Prime Collaboration Deployment doesn't require a license
Once PCD is installed and configured, it can be used to perform a variety of tasks cutting down on the amount of time and frustration of a large manual migration.
PCD Works with the Following Products and Allows the Below Tasks to Be Performed
Cluster Discovery
Unified CM Releases Supported: 6.1(5), 7.1(3), 7.1(5), 8.0(1-3), 8.5(1), 8.6(1-2), 9.0.(1), 9.1(1), 9.1(2), 10.0(1), 10.5(1-2), 11.0(1), 12.0(1)
Cisco Unified Presence (CUP) Releases Supported: 8.5(x), 8.6(x)
Cisco Unified CM – IM and Presence Releases Supported: From 9.0(1), 9.1(1), 10.x, 11.0(1), 11.5(1) to 10.x, 11.x, 12.0(1).
Cisco Unified Contact Center Express Releases Supported: 8.5(1), 9.0, 9.0(2), and 10.x, 11.x, 12.x
Migration Cluster (Install Application and Import Data from Old System)
Unified CM Releases Supported: From 6.1(5), 7.1(3), 7.1(5), 8.0(1-3), 8.5(1), 8.6(1-2), 9.0.(1), 9.1(1), 9.1(2), 10.0(1), 10.5(1), 10.5(2), 11.0(1), 11.5(1), 12.0(1) to 10.x, 11.x, or 12.0(1).
Cisco Unified Presence (CUP) Releases Supported: From 8.6(3), 8.6(4), 8.6(5) to 10.x, 11.x, or 12.0(1).
Cisco Unified CM – IM and Presence Releases Supported: From 9.0(1), 9.1(1), 10.x, 11.x, or 12.0(1).
Cisco Unified Contact Center Express Releases Supported: Migration Not Supported
Upgrade Cluster – (Upgrade Application Version or Install COP Files)
Unified CM Releases Supported: From 8.6(1-2), 9.0.(1), 9.1(1), 9.1(2), 10.0(1), 10.5(1), 10.5(2), 11.0(1), 11.5(1), 12.0(1) to 10.x, 11.x, or 12.0(1).
Cisco Unified CM – IM and Presence Releases Supported: 9.0(1), 9.1(1), 10.x
Cisco Unified Contact Center Express Releases Supported: From 9.0(2), 10.x, 11.x to 10.x, 11.x, and 12.x.
Restart Task
Unified CM Releases Supported: 8.6(1-2), 9.0.(1), 9.1(1), 9.1(2), 10.0(1), 10.5(1), 10.5(2), 11.01(1), 11.5(1), 12.0(1).
Cisco Unified Presence (CUP) Releases Supported: 8.6(3), 8.6(4), 8.6(5)
Cisco Unified Contact Center Express Releases Supported: From 9.0(2), 10.x, 11.x, to 10.x, 11.x, 12.x
Switch Version Task
Unified CM Releases Supported: 8.6(1-2), 9.0.(1), 9.1(1), 9.1(2), 10.0(1), 10.5(1), 10.5(2), 11.0(1), 11.5(1), 12.0(1).
Cisco Unified Contact Center Express Releases Supported: 9.0(2), 10.x, 11.x, 12.x
Fresh Install New Cluster or Edit or Expand an Existing Cluster
Unified CM Releases Supported: 10.x, 10.5(1-2), 11.0(1), 11.5(1), 12.0(1).
IM and Presence Releases Supported: 10.x
Cisco Unified Contact Center Express Releases Supported: 10.5(x), 11.x, 12.x
Readdress Task (Change Hostname or IP Addresses for One or More Nodes in a Cluster)
Unified CM Releases Supported: 10.x, 11.0(1), 11.5(1), 12.0(1).
IM and Presence Releases Supported: Readdress Not Supported
Need more information? Read Cisco's Prime Collaboration Deployment Administration Guide, Release 10.0(1).
In the past, the above tasks have always been time consuming and hard to plan. Using PCD simplifies some administration tasks and brings them into a single pane of glass.
Contact us at GoMindsight.com.
Monitoring the Network with Cisco Prime Infrastructure
Collaborating Securely with Microsoft Teams: A Collaboration Report
Gartner's Resilient Delivery Predictions: Part 3 of 3


Members of the public are welcome to attend the public parts of meetings of the Council, Cabinet and Committees. Before attending a Council meeting please read the guidance on public attendance that can be downloaded here.
We are taking part in a European-wide initiative to promote Local Democracy and encourage people to engage with us, our services, and our councillors. We will also be promoting resources on this page and on social media to help people find out more about what councillors do, how to stand in local elections and how to register to vote.
We have created a programme to give you a flavour of some of the activities that local councillors at District and Parish Councils get up to during a typical week.
For more information on attending and observing any public Committee or Council meeting, please see the section above titled Attending Council Meeting.
All Council and Committee meetings appear in the Council's Meeting Schedule which runs from May to April.
The Meeting Schedule is available to view here.
Please be advised that meeting dates, start times and locations may be altered during the year. The front page of the website gives details of upcoming meetings and when the agenda is published, this will state the time and location of the meeting.
The agendas, reports and minutes for each meeting are published 5 clear working days in advance. You can view minutes and agendas in our document library here.
North East Derbyshire District Council has adopted a Petitions Scheme which sets out how the Council will respond to petitions that fall within the scope of the scheme.
The Petitions Scheme is available to view here.
The Council is committed to enabling public involvement in the planning process and we provides the opportunity for people to speak at Planning Committee to amplify points raised in submissions or representations made on planning applications.
Guidance on public participation in Planning Committee be downloaded here. Please read this guidance before registering to speak.
To register to speak on an application, you can complete and return the supply slip you have received by post. Alternatively you can register online here. Please have the application number to hand.
For further information on this scheme please contact Donna Cairns, Senior Governance Officer on 01246 217045.
Details of Planning Applications can be found by searching the Online Planning System. The dates of upcoming Planning Committee meetings, and the Agendas, Reports and Minutes are available here.
If there is information you would like to receive from the Council, we recommend that you contact the Council via the Contact Us information through the link at the top of the page.
If you would like to contact an individual Councillor, their contact details are also available through the My Councillor link at the top of the page.
If you would like to ask a question of a Member of the Cabinet in a public meeting, the Council Procedure Rules allow the public to submit questions to full meetings of the Council.
Guidance on the procedure for submitting questions to Council meetings is available here.


Following the success of the last two "Leadershift" gatherings, it has been decided to use the Gariep Forever Resort venue again for our 2014 Southern Hemisphere time together. This venue continues to provide the best accessibility to which everyone can drive and thus save on airline tickets if the transport is shared.
They can only provide accommodation for 221 people so it is imperative that you get in early to get the chalet configuration that you would prefer. Any overflow can be accommodated at the nearby hotel or campsite for folk who book late.
2013 Leadershift gatherings at Gariep and The Netherlands were exceptional times together as we focused into the theology of the Kingdom of God through Derek Morphew's teaching. The presence of God was evident and many testified of their leadership being shifted.
2014 equally promises to be a great time of fellowship and growth for us all as we build on last year's foundation. We would love to see you there!


text:
One Person's Genetic Mutation Is Another Person's Culture
Cyndi Suarez
"Americans With Disabilities Act Annual Celebration." Jay Baker at Baltimore County, Maryland.
August 10, 2017; Washington Post
As news of a breakthrough in human gene editing coincided with the 27th anniversary of the Americans with Disabilities Act, which protects disabled Americans against discrimination, Rebecca Cokley, former executive director of the National Council on Disability, considered the implications. She wrote, "We cannot look at this 'breakthrough' without looking at the context."
Writing for the Washington Post, she said that as someone with achondroplasia, "the most common form of dwarfism," she is keenly aware that much of what able-bodied people hear as progress strikes fear in the hearts of disabled Americans: "the people whose genes would be edited."
About one out of five U.S. residents has a disability, and Cokley sees the search for human genetic editing as a denial of her personhood. She wrote that it "says to disabled people: 'We don't want you here. We're actively working to make sure that people like you don't exist."
She noted that much of the stigma of disability is viewed through the lens of cost; for example, she wrote,
The media and society frame people with disabilities as takers, beggars and unworthy cost drivers for the rest of the public. Most recently, The Post published an article on the costs associated with people receiving Social Security Disability payments. These portrayals contribute to the myth of the "Medicaid mama," reminiscent of the damaging "welfare queen" rhetoric of the Reagan era.
As she reminds us, this line of thinking contributed to the eugenics movement of the 1920s.
She accused genetic engineering proponents of using vague language, "such as 'prevention of disease,'" and asked, what exactly is a disease? To Cokley, one person's "horrible genetic mutation" is another person's culture. This ableism is compounded by the fact that people with disabilities are not part of the human genetic editing, or genetic engineering, conversation.
Cokley concluded that though disabled people ignite able-bodied people's fear of the deviant, of imperfection, many disabled people don't want to be fixed. They want their fight for equality to be as valid as the rights of other movements.—Cyndi Suarez
Cyndi Suarez is President and Editor in Chief at NPQ. She is the author of "The Power Manual: How to Master Complex Power Dynamics," in which she outlines a new theory and practice of power. She has worked as a strategy and innovation consultant with a focus on networks and platforms for social movements. She studied Feminist Theory and organizational development for social change.
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5 Actions Nonprofits Can Take to Embrace Disability Rights...
Take Up the 2020 Census Cause: What's at Stake for the...
Sesame Street Chooses Wrong Narrative on Autism and Loses a...


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Q: Office 365 generated DKIM CNAME has spacing character -- unable to activate TLDR: For DKIM, Microsoft Generated a CNAME record that contains a special character or spacing and I'm unable to publish a CNAME with my DNS provider that contains this character.
I've got a strange issue on activating DKIM for a domain on Office 365.  For background I've activated DKIM for over 90 domains so I'm fairly familiar with the process. I have an open ticket with Microsoft Support but the ticket is over a month old so I'm quickly giving up hope on finding a resolution through that support channel.
When I copy the "Points to address or value" into a something like VS Code I get the following value:
selector1-domain-com?._domainkey.domain.onmicrosoft.com (actual domain omitted)
I have gotten this special character when running a request to activate DKIM via Powershell and through the admin center.
between the -com and the period is a special character shown as a "?". When putting that value into a DNS provider from a copy/paste, it will not allow the save with the special character. One Microsoft rep recommended removing the special character and waiting a week or so for the DNS to update. Both Selector1 and Selector2 CNAMES have now been published without the CNAME for over 6 weeks and I'm still unable to activate it.
I've also tried to activate DKIM through the Exchange admin center and Powershell.
Now for some reason when I run the command to activate dkim in Powershell I get a timeout error. Here is the command that I'm running:
New-DkimSigningConfig -DomainName mycustomdomain.com -Enabled $true

Any ideas on how I can activate DKIM for this domain?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


This Jaguar E-type SI 3.8-litre Competition Roadster is one of West Riding's most publicized projects. The car has featured in magazines, trade publications and on the internet, including a feature as the editor's choice on classicdriver.com.
The car was painstakingly built new from scratch by West Riding Race and Restoration and then auctioned in London. The fantastic handcrafted E-Type was based on an original 1965 Roadster, right down to a host of modifications, improvements and lightweight components in honour of the factory built lightweight.
This incredible E-Type boasts a glass fibre hardtop, ally bonnet, doors, rear wings and boot lid, a racing wet-sump engine and 3 Weber 45 DCOE carburettors.
Completing the race theme, the car was fitted with factory decals, peg-drive magnesium-alloy wheels and Dunlop L-section racing tyres, as well as being fitted to FIA spec and sold with FIA/HTP papers. Yet, with modern engineering and a perfectly usable passenger seat, this racing E-Type could equally be a daily driver, although a very fast one.
If you would like West Riding to build a car like this for you, please contact our office on (+44) 01924 494 400.
JAGUAR RESTORATION & RACE SPECIALISTS.
Engineering excellence from a championship winning team.
© 2019 West Riding Race & Restoration | West Riding Race & Restoration is a trading name of West Riding Independent Ltd.
Registered Office: 46 Main Street, Mexborough, Doncaster S64 9DU - Registered in England & Wales 5436459.


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We create custom programs for you based on your unique needs and market requirements.


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Composer Jeremy M. Jennings
Jeremy M. Jennings
Jeremy Jennings (b. 1978) is a classical composer and self taught painter. He grew up on a remote island off the coast of Washington state and attended Lewis and Clark College (BA) and the University of Oregon (MM). During the 2013-2014 season he was the Nova Vocal Ensemble's first composer in residence and in 2006 he spent 5 month as an artist in residence at Lijiang studios in Yunnan province... Read More
Jeremy Jennings (b. 1978) is a classical composer and self taught painter. He grew up on a remote island off the coast of Washington state and attended Lewis and Clark College (BA) and the University of Oregon (MM). During the 2013-2014 season he was the Nova Vocal Ensemble's first composer in residence and in 2006 he spent 5 month as an artist in residence at Lijiang studios in Yunnan province, China. His vocal and instrumental works have been performed in Europe, China and across the US and his paintings have been shown in Shanghai, Florence, Italy, Oregon and North Carolina.
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by Jeremy M. Jennings


The organic Rose Water Toner was created with the idea that simple, pure and natural is best for your skin. It is based on organic Damask rose water, a genuine hydrosol produced naturally as a by-product of essential oil distillation. It adds moisture to your skin, while the organic cucumber extract cools it and soothes irritation. Vegetable glycerine (both organic and kosher) locks in moisture and helps retain it throughout the day. The toner contains just eight simple ingredients and is 98% organic, making it suitable for sensitive, dry and mature skin types.
To use, simply spritz it directly on your face and neck after cleansing, or apply to a cotton round and wipe your face with it.
It is recommended that you store this toner away from direct sunlight and use it within 6 months of purchase. Storing in the fridge extends shelf life to 12 months.
The toner comes in a 125ml glass bottle with a spray nozzle.


It's pretty nice here in WA. About 2-3 times per year we have beautiful snow and then it melts. Where I was living before, we'd have snow on the ground from November to April/May. That was less than enjoyable.


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Top 15 Live Cyber Attack Maps for Visualizing Digital Threat Incidents
Recently, Broimum has conducted a study that shows how digital crime revenue has grown to 1.5 trillion dollars annually in illicit profits. GitHub, EA , and many other popular websites now face larger, hi-tech attacks every day, all while falling victim to the growing trend of cybercrime.
Frantic internet users are asking questions like, Who is behind the attacks?
Where are these attacks coming from? What's the top attacker host? These questions can be answered by exploring the logs, then performing lookups for all available information.
What is a DDoS Attack?
First, we must define the meaning of a DDoS attack. DDoS attacks are a main concern in internet security, and many people misunderstand what exactly they are.
A Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack is a malicious attempt to upset typical internet traffic of a targeted server by overwhelming it with traffic from multiple sources. DDoS attacks target a plethora of important resources, from banks to news websites, and present a major challenge to making sure Internet users can publish and access important information. A DDoS attack is similar to a traffic jam on a highway, preventing typical traffic flow.
How does a DDoS attack work?
A DDoS attack requires the attacker to gain control of a network of online machines. Computers are infected with malware, turning them into a bot. Then, the attacker has control over the group of bots, now called a botnet.
Once a botnet is established, the attacker will send instructions to each bot from a remote control. Once the IP address is targeted, each bot will respond by sending requests to the target, causing the server to overflow, which will result in a DDoS attack.
How can you combat DDoS attacks?
If you are facing an isolated low- to mid-size Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack, you can explore these logs and find the information you need to protect yourself from these attacks. However, with larger attacks, manual lookups are time consuming and ineffective. That's why there need to be other plans in place to fight cyber-attacks.
However, if you are not experiencing a DDoS attack, and you just want to learn about top digital attack information from cybersecurity incidents around the world, where would you look? You can try internet service provider (ISP)'s stats or check out anti-DDOS providers, or you can see what's happening right now by looking at digital attack maps.
To see how cybersecurity works globally, you can observe cyber-attacks and how malicious packets interact between countries. We are going to share with you the top cyber-attack maps that you can watch in order to visualize digital threat incidents.
Global Cyber Attacks Today
Today, cyber-attacks can affect anyone, but some of them are designed to leave global damage. A cyber-attack is any type of internet attack designed by individuals or entire organizations that targets computer information systems, networks, or infrastructures. When they appear, they come from a seemingly anonymous source that will attempt to destroy its victim through hacking into its system.
There have been many, many worldwide cyber-attacks, and some are happening right now. The latest statistics say that security breaches have increased by 11% since 2018 and 67% since 2014. In fact, hackers attack every 39 seconds, so on average, 2,244 times a day.
What is a Cyber Attack Map?
Cyber-attack maps are valuable tools that give information on how to stay ahead of attacks. A cyber-attack map shows how the Internet functions in a graphical way and can be useful to see the big picture. Even though we're talking about enormous amounts of damage that cybercriminals cause, the maps themselves can be fascinating to watch.
Every 39 seconds, a cyber-attack occurs. While some of these are manually-targeted cyber-attacks, most of them are botnets steadfast on shutting down infrastructures and destroying computers and systems of major organizations.
A DDoS attack map is a type of cyber-attack map that details just DDoS attacks.
Most current digital attack maps share these specifics:
They are incorrectly advertised as "live maps"—most do not show live attack data, but records of past attacks.
They only show Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack, not other types of cybercrime.
They only display anonymous traffic data.
Because most cyber-attack maps are not in real-time, it can be difficult to understand them. However, there are still positives to these maps.
Is it Useful to Understand Cyber Attack Maps?
The jury is still out on whether it is actually beneficial to understand cyber-attack maps and how they function.
Some Information Security industry experts claim that these maps aren't useful at all, that they're simply used as a sales tool by cybersecurity solution providers.
However, other experts believe that while these threat maps have no practical usage for mitigating attacks, threat maps can be used to study past attack styles, to recognize raw data behind DDoS attacks, or to even report outages on certain dates and times to their customer base.
Another essential point to keep in mind about the source of the attacks: even though these maps pinpoint particular countries launching attacks against others, that doesn't mean the actual source of the attack is the same as the attacker location.
In actuality, the source of an attack is often forged, which means that it appears as though it was initiated from a certain country, but it is not from that country at all. When the map shows the correct location, it's often not the real attacker behind the cyber-attack, but rather an infected computer working for a botnet.
Another noteworthy fact is that the largest attacks usually originate from high bandwidth nations, who are perfectly suited to launching huge attacks from thousands of infected devices led from more isolated locations.
One more important point to note is that while these maps provide valuable cyber-attack information, it is impossible to fully map all digital attacks online because they are constantly changing. These maps update regularly (usually hourly, but some are in real time), but they cannot show everything.
The Most Popular Cyber Attack Maps
1. Arbor Networks DDoS Attack Map
Arbor Networks is one of the most popular attack maps. This map is devoted to tracking down attack episodes related to DDoS attacks around the world.
Arbor Networks ATLAS® global threat intelligence system has gathered and presented the data, which comes from a worldwide analysis of 300+ ISPs with over 130 Tbps of live traffic. This map's stats are updated hourly, but the digital map also allows you to explore historical data sets.
Its features include:
Stats for each country
The attack source and destination
Various types of attacks (large, uncommon, combined, etc)
Color-coded attacks by type, source port, duration and destination port
The size of the DDoS attack in Gbps
The embed code so you can attach the map in your own website
Sort by TCP connection, volumetric, fragmentation and application
2. Kaspersky Cyber Malware and DDoS Real-Time Map
The Kaspersky cyber threat map is one of the most comprehensive maps available, and it also serves as the best when it comes to graphical interface. It also looks amazingly sleek, although of course, what it signifies is Internet devastation.
When you open the map, it detects your current location and displays stats for your country, also including top local attacks and infections from the past week.
Here are the activities detected by the cybermap Kaspersky:
On-Access Scan
On-Demand Scan
Mail Anti-Virus
Web Anti-Virus
Intrusion Detection Scan
Kaspersky Anti-Spam
Botnet Activity Detection
Here are some other features this map offers:
Switch to globe view
Toggle map color
Enable/disable demo mode
Embed map using iframe
Buzz tap which includes helpful articles
3. ThreatCoud Live Cyber Attack Threat map
CheckPoint designed the ThreatCloud map, which is another cyber-attack map offering a hi-tech way to detect DDoS attacks from around the globe. It's not the most advanced map in our list, but it does succeed in showing live stats for recent attacks.
ThreatCloud displays live stats, which include new attacks, the source of the attacks, and their various destinations. Another interesting feature is the "Top targets by country" feature, which offers threat stats for the past week and month, as well as the average infection rate and percentage of most frequent attack sources for some countries.
At the time of this writing, the Philippines was the top country attacked, with the United States in second.
4. Fortinet Threat Map
The Fortinet Threat Map features malicious network activity within various geographic regions.. In addition, this attack map will display various international sources of attack and their destinations. It may not be as visually exciting as some of the others, but it is easy to understand.
General live attack activity will be shown in order of attack type, severity and geographic location. You can also see a day/night map under the attack map which is interesting.
If you click on a country name, you will see statistics for incoming and outgoing attacks, as well as overall activity in the country. The different colors on the map represent the type of attack, for example:
Execution (remote execution attacks)
Memory (memory-related attacks)
Link (Attack from a remote location)
DoS (Denial of Service attacks)
Generic attacks
Another feature of the Fortinet Threat Map is the ongoing statistics on the bottom left hand corner of the page. For example, number of Botnet C&C attempts per minute and number of malware programs utilized per minute.
5. Akamai Real-Time Web Attack Monitor
Another great attack visualization map is Akamai Real-Time Web Attack Monitor.
This company controls a big portion of today's global internet traffic. With the vast amounts of data it gathers, it offers real-time stats pinpointing the sources of most of the biggest attacks anywhere around the globe.
It also cites the top attack locations for the past 24 hours, letting you choose between different regions of the world.
This map is displayed in various languages. You can change the language by clicking on the language tab on the top right corner of the page. This map also includes helpful learning resources such as a glossary and a library.
6. LookingGlass Phishing/Malicious URL Map
The LookingGlass real-time map shows actual data from Looking Glass threat intelligence feeds, including:
Cyveillance Infection Records Data Feed
Cyveillance Malicious URL Data Feed
Cyveillance Phishing URL Data Feed
The goal is this map is to detect and show live activity for infected malicious and phishing domain URLs. When you load the map, the results will be shown in four columns which include infections per second, live attacks, botnets involved, and the total number of affected countries.
When you click on any location on the map, you will see additional details about the malicious incident, such as time, ASN, organization, and country code.
You can also filter the display options using the "filter" tab in the upper right-hand corner of the webpage.
7. Threat Butt Hacking Attack Map
Threat Butt features one of the coolest looking digital attack maps around, not because of a wide range of features, but because of its retro design.
Permalink: https://norse-corp.com/map/
Top Live Cyber Attack Maps for Visualizing Digital Threat Incidents
The map is displayed in a basic black and green design, with red lines which extend to countries where attacks are detected. In the footer you'll see descriptive information about each attack, including origin country, IP address, destination, and even some humorous captions.
This map is one that is appealing to explore. We know cybercrime is no laughing matter, but the makers of Threat Butt certainly have a sense of humor.
8. Talos Spam and Malware Map
Another company offering a free digital attack map is Talos. The threats displayed on this map are detected by Talos attack sensors, as well as culled from third party feeds. The information displayed is completely dedicated to revealing the world's top spam and malware senders.
Talos Spam and Malware Map displays the top 10 cyber-attack sender lists by country as well as by top malware senders.
To see more information about these senders, such as the exact IP address of the server that sent the spam/malware, hostname, the last day of the detection, and the reputation status, you can click on their names.
Also, when you click the hostname, you will see information about the network owner, as well as reputation details, email volume average and volume change.
9. Sophos Threat Tracking Map
The Sophos map is not a real-time map, but a static threat tracking map. Its data comes from SophosLabs monitoring and malware research activities.
Threats are visualized by three central graphics:
Today's Malicious Web Requests
Today's Blocked Malware
Today's Web Threats
At the bottom of the page, you will see a Threat Geography map which allows you to click on any affected location to find out more details about spam issues. Examples include:
Infected websites (including the malware/virus name).
Spam source (including subject, source IP and exact location)
Email malware source (including subject, source IP and exact location)
10. FireEye Cyber Threat Map
The FireEye Cyber Threat Map is still informational, but it does not contain many of the features that the others do. It does, however, show the origin, the destination, the total number of attacks, as well as some other stats about the previous 30 days, such as top attacker countries and top most attacked industries.
It does feature an informative blog that is updated regularly, so users can learn and understand more about threat research, solutions and services, and even executive perspectives.
11. Deteque Botnet Threat Map
A division of Spamhaus, the Deteque Bonet Threat Map is a botnet attack map that provides a lot of useful information. The map identifies areas with high botnet activity and potential botnet control servers. Locations showing red circles have the most intense bot activity. Blue circles show command and control botnet servers. If the circle is larger on the map, there are more active bots at that given location.
Users can zoom in on any location to see details on botnet attacks in that area. At the bottom of the map are two charts. One is the "Top 10 Worst Botnet Countries," and the other is the "Top 10 Worst Botnet ISPS."
12. Bitdefender Live Cyber Threat Map
From Bitdefender, which is headquartered in Romania, is the Bitdefender Live Cyber Threat Map, an interactive map that shows infections, attacks, and spam that are occurring globally.
This cyber threat map shows a real-time "Live attack" report, complete with the time, type of attack, location, attack country, and target country.
13. SonicWall Live Cyber Attacks Map
The SonicWall Live Cyber Attacks Map provides a graphical view of worldwide attacks over the last 24 hours. It shows which countries are being attacked and where the attack originates. This interactive map shows not only malware attacks, but ransomware, encrypted traffic, intrusion attempts, and spam/phishing attacks. Also included are attack site statistics for the past 24 hours.
The SonicWall Live Cyber Attack Map also shows Security News, where the Capture Labs team publishes research on the latest security threats and attacks.
14. Digital Attack Map
Built in collaboration with Arbor Networks and Google Ideas is the Digital Attack Map, which shows a live data visualization of top daily DDoS attacks worldwide. You can also look at historical attack date, including the most notable recent attacks.
This data is collected anonymously, so it does not include information about the attacks or victims involved in any particular attack. This map allows filtering by size and type so you can look at the information in detail.
15. NETSCOUT Cyber Threat Horizon
Powered by ATLAS-NETSCOUNT's Advanced Threat Level Analysis System, the NETSCOUT Cyber Threat Map is much more than a cyber attack map. It provides highly contextualized information on threats all over the world.
It shows DDoS attacks observed globally in real-time. It shows many characteristics of the attacks, such as size, type, sources, destinations, and more.
It also provides reports on DDoS attacks and highlights events like the most significant attacks by region, industry sectors, and time-span.
What can Hosting Providers, ISP, and Large Organizations Do to Protect Their Networks?
Hosting providers, Internet Service Providers, and large organizations can protect their networks against cyber-attacks by first being educated and aware of the severity of the potential attack. Reviewing visual threat maps is obviously a good start.
There are also companies, such as Arbor Networks, who not only provide cyber data for this visualization, also offer a number of DDoS mitigation services. To find out more click here.
What Can Individual Sites Do to Prevent Themselves from DDoS Attacks?
To protect your individual website, you need to be able to block malicious traffic. Webmasters can talk to their hosting provider about DDoS attack protection. They can also route incoming traffic through a reputable third-party service that provides distributed caching to help filter out malicious traffic—which reduces the strain on existing web servers. Most such services require a paid subscription, but will, of course, cost less than scaling up your own server capacity to deal with a DDoS attack.
Google Ideas has launched a new initiative, Project Shield, to use Google's infrastructure to support free expression online by helping independent sites mitigate DDoS attack traffic.
What's the Bottom Line?
Cyber-attacks, along with spam and malware infections, are increasing in frequency daily. While the cyber-attack maps we've explored won't help diminish these attacks, it's essential to be aware of the threats, where they are coming from, where they are going, and
We do know that no one has ever been 100% safe from cyber attacks. While this is concerning, there are steps you or your company can take to protect your networks the best ways possible. With that said, the question is now, what are you doing to prevent cybercrime in your online company?