Boston United secured third spot in the Vanarama North standings following a goalless draw with Leamington.
More importantly, the Pilgrims now know they will face ???? over two legs in the play-offs, beginning with Wednesday's away match.
Fylde will face Guiseley in the other semi-final.
In a contest played in both bright sunshine and torrential rain, Boston dominated the contest and created chances in abundance.
However, they failed to break down the Brakes... but maintained their place in the standings as Chorley drew 0-0 with Solihull Moors and Guiseley were beaten 4-2 at Oxford.
United boss Dennis Greene had promised to wear fancy dress if his side had booked their place in the top five with a game to spare, and he was true to his word.
Before the players entered the pitch, Greene and assistant Martyn Bunce stormed out dressed as Del Boy and Rodney, with the Only Fools and Horses theme tune playing out over the Jakemans Stadium speakers.
Greene - in his pink shirt, flat cap and 'D' medallion - and Bunce - in a camouflage jacket and tight jeans - may have looked right plonkers, but they've certainly done the business this term.
United made six changes to the side which secured its play-off place with a 4-1 win at Solihull Moors the previous week.
Kyle Dixon, Marc Newsham, Jake Sheridan and Jamie McGhee returned to the starting XI, while teenage defender Ollie Price was handed his full debut and Jake Hall made his first start since rejoining the club.
With Scott Garner two bookings away from a two-match ban and strike duo Dayle Southwell and Mark Jones both playing through the pain barrier - and possibly expected to play three times within the space of 11 days before the end of the season - it seemed as if the club was looking at the bigger picture.
However, knowing that victory would guarantee them third spot, the Pilgrims began at pace.
With less than three minutes on the clock Kaine Felix burst through on goal, but after beating Jonny Maddison his effort rebounded off the post.
Carl Piergianni was next to try his luck, but his left-footed 20-yarder rasped wide of the target.
Relegated Leamington still had designs on finishing their campaign with a victory, and Richard Taundry came close to opening the scoring when his free kick curled just off target.
But normal service was resumed as Newsham connected with Dixon's driven corner, only for his effort to be blocked.
As the ball was played back into the box, Piergianni headed wide.
The second half ended as it began, with Felix going close to opening the scoring.
The winger should have been awarded a penalty after being upended by Maddison earlier in the half, the keeper lucky to stay on the pitch, but as the first 45 came to a close he saw a drive hacked off the line and a 30-yard hooked shot saved.
Boston went even closer from the re-start when McGhee's deflected strike rebounded into play off the crossbar.
Chances continued to come thick and fast for the hosts as Newsham headed Mark Jones' cross over and Piergianni hooked an effort in the same direction.
And when Felix's pace took him one-on-one with Maddison again his poked effort bent the wrong side of the post.
Leamington were then guilty of a horrific miss which could have seen them take the lead.
With Max Stryjek out of position and scampering back to his goal, Danny Newton was gifted a free header six yards away from an open goal... and somehow he missed the target.
In stoppage time United had one final chance to win it, but Zak Mills somehow fired over when unmarked at the back post.
UNITED: Stryjek, Mills, Price (Garner 64), Piergianni, Steer, Felix, Dixon, Hall, McGhee, Newsham (Southwell 69), Sheridan (Jones 58): Subs (not used): Walker, Saebe.
LEAMINGTON: Maddison, Magunda, Mace, Edwards, Tank, Gordon, Goddard, Taundry (Yafai 90), Gudger (Porter 90), Hicks, Newton; Subs (not used): Warner, Naylor, Feeney.


Experienced mechanic who started his early days of the Red Rhino journey on the shop floor. Very much involved in the organising of the day to day assembly process. Read More.
Experienced mechanic who started his early days of the Red Rhino journey on the shop floor. Very much involved in the organising of the day to day production and after sales process.
Quickly developed into a lead hand taking on board all the engineering and mechanical requirements of the product. In recent years moving to a Service Engineers role working in the field backing up the Red Rhino Product. Now a full time Service Advisor who is popular with our customers offering friendly, practical and technical advice in house or visiting the customer on site.


Summertime is marked by long days in the sun, warm fire-side nights and—if you're like us—some incredible hikes.
There's nothing more liberating than lacing up your hiking boots and taking on a challenging trail in the height of summer. Heading up to new heights with nothing but a light pack is an incredible feeling, matched only by the breathtaking views from the top. We know that it's not quite summer yet, but hopefully this sampling of epic trails from around the U.S. will inspire some trips and treks in the coming months.
Whether you're a beginner who just got your first pair of trail shoes or you're a seasoned pro who's taken on some impressive thru hikes, this list of hikes should offer enough challenge for the most skilled trekker and most should be accessible enough for most beginners.
Before you plan your summer vacations, check out these 14 hikes that are more than worth your while.
The definition of rugged beauty, this narrow 11-mile trail will have you trekking the incredible coastline of the Hawaiian island Kauai. Work your way from fine-sand beach to towering bluff and take in the turquoise waters crashing below you. Don't be fooled, though, just because this hike offers breathtaking beauty in a tropical setting doesn't mean it is an easy trip. The rolling hills provide a perfect challenge, but at least you can look forward to lounging on a beach at the end.
The most popular hike in Acadia is well liked for good reason. A short 2.2 miles on the North Ridge Trail puts hikers at the top of Cadillac Mountain. Take in views of Bar Harbor and Frenchman Bay from the 1,530-foot-high peak and be among the first to watch the sun rise over the Atlantic. On a clear day, it's possible to see more than 100 miles, so don't miss this unbelievable hike (and view).


The text Little Red Riding Hood does not yet have any Literary Text Complexity Qualitative Measures Rubrics filled out. Perhaps you can help.
No educators have yet completed this "grades used" section of the Literary Text Complexity Qualitative Measures Rubric for Little Red Riding Hood, where they share what grades this text is assigned. Perhaps you can help.


Tommy Hilton seeks to provide men ages 18 through 45 with classic styles and contemporary comfort in sophisticated underwear. Offering reasonable prices and an exciting range of new products.
Priced at €15.00 a pair you will be able to get yourself a few pairs of Boxers or The new style Briefs.
Priced at €15.00 a pair you will be able to get yourself a few pairs of Boxers.


I check my cell phone obsessively. Emails from work and internships pile up if I'm not diligent in my responses, and my family grows concerned about me if I don't answer their messages quickly enough. I don't know how I would keep up with my schoolwork if I couldn't check my Canvas to-do list online. I instinctively pull out my phone when I'm walking somewhere, particularly if I'm bored or if I want to procrastinate. It doesn't matter if I'm in class or on a date: the urge to check my phone to see if there's anything new is overwhelming. My unhealthy relationship with my cell phone has negatively affected my academic and professional performance, my relationships and my mental health. Research into the effects of cell phone overuse shows that my experience is very common — in fact, a Baylor University study on cell phone activity published in the Journal of Behavioral Addictions shows that 60 percent of college students admit that they may be addicted to their cell phone.
This likely won't come as much of a surprise for anyone who spends time on a college campus. According to the same Baylor University study cited above, female college students spend 10 hours per day on their phones while male college students spend eight. Students walk around campus with their heads down because they are checking their phones. More often than not, anyone who gets in an elevator pulls out their phone to look at it. To the chagrin of professors, many students find their phones more interesting than the lectures that they pay to attend. The Center for Internet and Technology Addiction conducted a survey with AT&T that found that 53 percent of Americans "feel ill-at-ease or uncomfortable when [they] accidentally leave [their] smartphone in the car or at home, have no service or have a broken phone" and that 35 percent "feel reluctant to be without [their] cell or smartphone, even for a short time." The survey is available online for cell phone users to identify whether they overuse their phones. Take the quiz and reflect on your cell phone use because overuse can have some serious and negative effects.
Cell phone overuse can primarily damage your academic and professional performance, your relationships and your mental health. A Kent State University study found that students who overused their phones had lower GPAs, higher anxiety levels and lower life satisfaction than their peers who didn't use their phones as much. In this study, the differences were statistically significant. A different study from Brigham Young University found that the majority of the 143 married/cohabitating women surveyed reported that cell phone overuse "frequently interrupted their interactions, such as couple leisure time, conversations, and mealtimes with their partners" and "more conflict over technology use, lower relationship satisfaction, more depressive symptoms, and lower life satisfaction" than the participants who didn't report cell phone overuse.
I, for one, don't need to look at a study to know that cell phone overuse can be negative. My procrastination, anxiety about work and poor coping mechanisms for boredom and loneliness are exacerbated by the convenient entertainment that my cell phone provides. Without a doubt, it has negatively affected my performance, my relationships and my mental health.
The prevalence of cell phone overuse and its proven negative effects should make us reconsider our relationships with our cell phones. Initial steps could include honesty when determining whether you overuse your phone and what areas of your life are being negatively affected. Creating space between you and your phone is also helpful — try turning off your phone for a while or leaving it in a purse or bag while you have a conversation so that checking it isn't so tempting. Consider installing an app like "Space" (available on both Apple and Android) to help you be mindful of your usage. As soon as you finish reading this article, put your phone down. Breathe deeply. Read a physical book, talk to someone face-to-face or go outside. Take control of your phone usage for the sake of your academic and professional performance, your relationships and your mental health.


text:
RH soars 23% on earnings beat as retailer's luxury strategy begins to pay off
Published Thu, Jun 13 20198:34 AM EDT
Amelia Lucas
RH reports earnings and revenue that topped estimates.
The furnishing retailer has been transforming itself into a high-end luxury brand.
The company has selectively raised prices to mitigate higher tariffs on Chinese goods.
Gary Friedman, CEO, Restoration Hardware
Scott Mlyn | CNBC
Shares of RH, formerly known as Restoration Hardware, soared 23% in premarket trading Thursday after the company crushed earnings expectations and raised its full-year outlook as the brand's turnaround begins to pay off.
The furnishing retailer attributed its performance to its strategy of transforming into a luxury lifestyle brand. RH dropped the "Hardware" from its name and began opening high-end furniture galleries with restaurants. The company also recently debuted RH Beach House, which focuses on outdoor furniture.
RH's stock, which has a market value of $1.9 billion, is down 39% this year.
"We saw our business come back in the second half of the first quarter, and we've also got early indications on RH Beach Houses," CEO Gary Friedman told analysts on the quarterly conference call.
Despite increased tariffs and negative housing trends, the company said it remains optimistic that momentum will continue.
Late Wednesday, the retailer reported fiscal first-quarter adjusted earnings of $1.85 per share, topping analyst estimates of $1.55 per share. RH also reported revenue of $598 million, beating Wall Street's forecasts of $584 million.
RH raised its fiscal 2019 earnings outlook to a range of $8.76 to $9.27 per share from a prior range of $8.05 to $8.69. RH is now also expecting revenue in a range of $2.64 billion to $2.66 billion. The company slashed its forecast last quarter, citing the downturn in the high-end housing market.
RH also said it has hiked prices selectively to mitigate the impact of tariffs on Chinese goods. The company is also moving some production and development out of China.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Project to create an English measurements version of the PHASTEx tool. PHASTEx is a spreadsheet that helps users survey all process heating equipment within a facility, select the equipment that uses the most energy, and identify ways to increase efficiency.

## Code Example

PHASTEx serves three purposes.

*Provides easy-to-use tools to calculate the potential savings that a plant can achieve by applying various energy-saving measures.

*Surveys all equipment that uses fuel, steam, or electricity for heating. Based on facility-specific heat input and furnace operating data, the tool reports how much fuel, electricity, and steam each piece of equipment uses annually—plus the estimated annual energy costs.

*Constructs a detailed heat balance for selected pieces of process heating equipment. Results of the heat balance pinpoint areas of the equipment in which energy is wasted or used unproductively.

## Motivation

This project allows for the enhancement of the existing version by providing additional units of measurement.

## Installation

Download and use Microsoft Excel to open the spreadsheet.

## Contributors

The only contributors to the project are:

*Arvind Thekdi

*Sachin Nimbalkar

*Kiran Thirumaran

*Gina Accawi

## License

This product has an MIT License.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Hertzian stress and subsurface stresses are calculated for point or line contact. The radii of curvature for two bodies can be given in two planes. An angle between the planes for body 1 and body 2 can be defined. The stresses for both bodies are the same for equal materials, for different materials they can differ. A demo version for windows is available here, it has the same inputs but provides additional graphics.
These online calculations are provided free of charge by MESYS AG. The software is tested and no errors are known, but there is no warranty for the correctness of the results and for the availability of the calculations. The usage is at own risk.


Skip to navigation	Jose Morales, Areej Al-Bataineh, Shouhuai Xu and Ravi Sandhu, Analyzing DNS Activities of Bot skills. In politics successful IEEE International Conference on Malicious and Unwanted Software( Malware 2009), Montreal, Quebec, Canada, October 13-14, 2009, problems 98-103. Ram Krishnan and Ravi Sandhu, A Hybrid Enforcement Model for Group-Centric Secure Information Sharing. In Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering( CSE-09), Vancouver, Canada, August 29-31, 2009, levels 189-194.
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text:
Recalling Their College Years, Professors Offer Advice to the Class of 2016
Six faculty members from a variety of disciplines, backgrounds, and undergraduate institutions talk with Dartmouth Now about their college journeys. The professors discuss how they felt once they arrived at college and what they wanted to pursue as a career, and offer advice to the Class of 2016. Their answers are wide ranging, and there appears to be a common theme—the transition from high school to college to career path can be full of surprises.
As a first-year student, Susan Ackerman '80 arrived in Hanover feeling scared, nervous, and excited. (photo courtesy of Rauner Special Collections Library, Dartmouth College Library)
Susan Ackerman, the Preston H. Kelsey Professor of Religion, Dartmouth Class of 1980
How did you feel when you started college?
I think a lot of the standard feelings: scared, nervous, excited.
At the time, what did you think you would eventually pursue as a career?
I don't think that I had any firm ideas about that. I thought I might be a math major, because I had been very good at math in high school. I thought I might be an environmental studies major, because I was very concerned about issues of the outdoors and nature. I was a big hiker and canoer at the time.
What piece of advice would you give Dartmouth's Class of 2016?
College is different from high school, so if you are taking courses that replicate high school classes, I think you're making a mistake. I want you to take courses that no high school teaches.
Soyica Colbert enrolled at Georgetown University expecting to work as a lawyer in government. (photo courtesy of the English department)
Soyica Colbert, assistant professor of English, Georgetown University Class of 2001
I arrived on campus feeling anxious and excited, having never lived away from home before attending college. My feelings of anxiety subsided, however, when I began to meet people who, although I did not know it at the time, would become lifelong friends.
What did you think you would pursue as a career?
I attended Georgetown University because I wanted to become a lawyer and work in the government. I planned to have a double major in history and economics. I graduated as an English major with honors.
What advice would you give Dartmouth's Class of 2016?
Never let fear get in the way of your dreams. The only thing that limits your future is the scope of your imagination.
Louise Hamlin advises students to be curious, ask questions, and take advantage of student rates at Hopkins Center performances. (photo by Joseph Mehling '69)
Louise Hamlin, the George Frederick Jewett Professor of Studio Art, University of Pennsylvania Class of 1971
Lost and lonely, though I would never let it show. It was 1967, the brink of revolt among students around the world, and I was clueless. At first, anyway.
Moving from a small New England town to a large urban campus, it was hard to find a footing. I spent my first year of college wondering if I should transfer elsewhere. I realized finally that the problem was me, not Penn, and got some counseling, talked my way into an art course, was totally at sea until the professor was replaced by a much better one. I became totally absorbed in art, and enjoyed that community. It was the beginning of my career.
I loved to read and liked to make things. So I thought I would be a writer. It never crossed my mind to ask how I was going to make a living that way. Nor did it when I decided to go for a BFA in studio art.
What advice would you give the Class of 2016?
Be curious, try things out, find what absorbs you most. Deal with loneliness by getting involved in courses and activities—friends will follow when there is common ground. Don't be shy about asking older students and professors for advice. Take advantage of student-rate tickets for Hop productions, where you can be amazed and inspired, as well as entertained, by what others have accomplished.
Ernest Hebert joined the military before enrolling at age 23 at Keene State College. (photo courtesy of Ernest Hebert)
Ernest Hebert, professor of English, Keene State Class of 1969:
I was scared. I was 23 years old, a [Army] veteran, and had almost flunked out of high school. At age 21 I started reading; books woke me up. I applied to my local college and got in, but I still had little confidence in myself and had this crazy idea that everybody else would be smarter than I was. When I figured out that these 18-year-olds were not so formidable I settled down, and ended up with the highest [grade point] average in the school my freshman year.
I had no clue. I never once thought about using college to help me get a job. I was hungry for knowledge about the world. My main academic interest was history, which was what I had been reading before I started college. I switched to English my sophomore year when I discovered I had a knack for writing.
Stay loose. Have fun. Read, read, read.
Chandrasekhar Ramanathan had to choose his major, electrical engineering, before he ever set foot on campus. (photo by Joseph Mehling '69)
Chandrasekhar Ramanathan, assistant professor of astronomy and physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Class of 1988.
The overwhelming memory I have of arriving at college was relief. I had to take a highly competitive national entrance exam for admission to university and as a 17-year-old student thought that this was my one shot at success. After the stress and pressure of the previous year, arriving on campus felt like a huge weight had been lifted.
I had to choose a major before I stepped a foot on campus, and opted to be an electrical engineering major. To be honest, I didn't really have a good idea of exactly what I would do for a living. My brother was in graduate school in the U.S., so I knew that was a possible path for me.
Don't stress out too much about getting everything right the first time, but make an honest effort in the things you do try. You should learn from everything you do. You'll find out what really matters to you, and define your own path to success.
Melanie Benson Taylor started at Brandeis University before transferring to Smith College and majoring in English. (photo courtesy of Melanie Benson Taylor)
Melanie Benson Taylor, associate professor of Native American Studies, Smith College Class of 1998
When I first arrived at Brandeis University in the fall of 1994, I was soaring. I felt like I'd ascended from my working-class town. No one in my extended family had ever attended college at all. Everyone was proud of me, and more to the point, I was proud of myself—and intensely excited.
Unfortunately, that feeling wore off in just a few weeks. Intellectually, I was in my glory; personally and emotionally, I was sorely disappointed, and I couldn't exactly articulate why at first. I had made lots of wonderful new friends, but I was fundamentally different from all of them—they were all on professional tracks to become doctors, lawyers, and stockbrokers, and school for them was a means to an end rather than the privilege and portal it had always represented to me. I started gathering transfer applications, and quickly began daydreaming about Smith College, an elite women's school that had also offered me a nearly free ride the previous year. I re-applied to Smith and was admitted shortly after.
Being at Smith was a revelation. It, too, was radically different from the world I grew up in. But Smith satisfied the vision I had in my head about what the college experience should be. I found others there who were equally passionate about writing and the arts, and our discussions extended well beyond the classroom.
As a dreamy, aspiring writer and artist, I was craving late-night discussions about Faulkner's prose and early-morning strolls on the ivy-covered campus of my dreams. Incidentally, I never did become a writer or an artist after all, though in my life as a literature professor now I get to study and write about the finest examples of both.
Let your environment — your peers, your professors, and the ivy on these walls — inspire, influence, and guide you, but most importantly, be your own shepherd and guide.
William Wohlforth dropped out of high school before eventually earning his G.E.D. and studying international relations at Beloit College. (photo courtesy of the Dickey Center)
William Wohlforth, the Daniel Webster Professor of Government, Beloit College Class of 1982
Thirty-five years later, it is hard to be specific. But I do recall huge enthusiasm. I did not like high school and, frankly, was not much of a student. I actually dropped out, took a blue-collar job and ended up earning a G.E.D. from the State of New Jersey. But college! That would be different. I was looking forward intensely to this more scholarly, more serious educational experience, which would unfold at a whole new level utterly unlike the rote, cookie cutter, one-size-fits-all approach I thought had typified my high school years. And I was not disappointed.
My aim was to live off the grid on a self-sustaining organic farm in Lyme, N.H. Failing that, my cousin and I figured that we might find an old derelict schooner, refit her, and sail the world, carrying and trading enough cargo to sustain our voyage indefinitely.
The possibility of a career in scholarship and teaching did occur to me later in my undergraduate days—both my mother and grandfather were professors—but it was common knowledge in the late 1970s that there was a glut of PhDs and the best you could hope for if you took that route was a career as a very articulate taxi driver.
You have already made the key choice to opt for a broad liberal arts education, not some pre-professional training program. Having made the choice, you might as well embrace it, have fun with it, and experiment intellectually.
Keith Chapman


text:
Minority businesses shortchanged by Harris County contracting practices
R.A. Schuetz July 7, 2020 Updated: July 7, 2020 8:44 p.m.
Harris County Commissioner Rodney Ellis won approval for the disparity study in 2018, as long as he took the $650,000 to finance it out of his own precinct's budget. ( Marie D. De Jesus / Houston Chronicle )
Photo: Marie D. De Jesus, Staff / Houston Chronicle
Harris County doles out millions of taxpayer dollars every year to pay for roads, parks, buildings and other public projects.
Disproportionately few of those dollars go toward minority- and women-owned businesses, according to a study sponsored by the Harris County Commissioners Court, with Black-owned businesses receiving by far the smallest share relative to their numbers.
For every $100 paid to private businesses by the county, just 50 cents went to businesses owned by Black men and women.
Businesses owned by white men, on the other hand, pulled in $90.90 of every $100, a disproportionate share relative to the 72 percent of market they own in the area. Businesses owned by white women, and people of Hispanic, Asian or Native American heritage received the remaining $8.60.
The Greater Houston Black Chamber called the disparity "unconscionable."
"There is an inextricable connection between the health of businesses and the communities they serve, which is why it is so important that Black businesses have the opportunities afforded to other groups," a chamber spokesperson said in an email.
Even Harris County Commissioner Rodney Ellis, who proposed the study in 2018 — and who previously, as the owner of an investment banking firm, faced challenges winning business from the county ("I always had the sense it was a very closed shop") — was shocked by the size of the gap.
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"Harris County," he said, "we have a problem."
Proof of discrimination
In 1984, Houston passed an ordinance establishing citywide goals for contracts with minority- and women-owned companies. In 1991, Texas instituted its own program meant to increase contracting opportunities for minorities and women. Ellis played a role in both, as a city council member and state senator.
But when he arrived at the Harris County Commissioner's Court in 2016, he found the county did not even keep a central database of its contract data, let alone track subcontracts and the races and genders of the business owners to which they were awarded.
And because a 1989 Supreme Court decision ruled that government could only create plans for addressing contract discrimination if that discrimination had been proven, the county's missing data would have to be collected manually before any programs could be put in place — "A damn expensive proposition," according to Ellis, who compared the study to "reconstructing your tax returns."
Ellis said the Commissioner's Court agreed to the study in 2018, as long as he took the $650,000 to finance it out of his own precinct's budget. "This was before the tragic murder of Mr. (George) Floyd, and our country's consciousness being awakened to historic economic inequities," he said.
The results of the study, which took two years to complete, arrived in the midst of a groundswell of support for Black businesses as a way of supporting Black communities by helping Black families build wealth. Wealth encompasses more than just income; it includes homes, businesses, stock holdings and other assets that can be passed down to generations to give them a head start.
The wealth gap between white and Black families has remained stubbornly constant throughout the decades. For every $100 of wealth held by a typical white family, a Black family only has $10, according to the Brookings Institution, a Washington think tank.
"You've got to level the playing field," Ellis said.
The study, conducted by government consulting firm Colette Holt & Associates, compared county contracts awarded to minority- and women-owned businesses to the number of such businesses that were available.
It found that while businesses owned by white males made up 72 percent of the market for the types of work the county was looking for, they received 91 percent of the contracts, by dollar amount. In contrast, Black-owned businesses made up 8.4 percent of the market yet received 0.5 percent of contracts.
"This report should serve as a wake-up call for everyone in our community," said Harris County Judge Lina Hidalgo in an email. "The truth is there's no way our economy can fully rebound from the COVID-19 crisis without minority- and women-owned business being able to compete on a level playing field. It will take all of us to move forward."
While the gap for Black-owned businesses was proportionately largest, all minorities and women were underrepresented in contracts compared to the share of businesses they own. Asian-owned contracting businesses accounted for 3 percent of the market but only 0.6 percent of contracts, Native American-owned businesses made up 0.4 percent of the market but only 0.1 percent of contracts, Hispanic-owned businesses made up 11 percent of the market but only 5 percent of contracts and business owned by white women made up 6 percent of the market but only 3 percent of contracts.
Darryl Samuels, founder of construction services firm D. Samuels and Associates, often works on public projects for the city of Houston. But until this February, he avoided responding to requests for proposals from Harris County.
"They did not have a (minority- and women-owned business enterprise) program at all," he explained. "So a lot of minority firms, especially Black firms, did not bid on or work on county projects because they felt that it was all sewn up. If you're not hooked in or plugged in, it's difficult to get in."
Colette Holt & Associates recommended creating an Office of Economic Opportunity to oversee outreach to minority- and women-owned businesses and small firms and unbundle large, complex contracts into smaller projects with lower dollar values to make it easier for smaller businesses to secure them.
In addition, the consultant recommended Harris County set up a system that could collect data on contracts and subcontracts to make it easy to track the industry, race, gender, dollar amount and procurement method of each, which Dwight Dopslauf, the county purchasing agent, said should be in place within the next quarter.
Ellis said the county is in the process of creating the Office of Economic Opportunity.
The numbers suggest such organizations have been successful. In Houston, where minority- and women-owned businesses make up 35 percent of the construction market, they received 30 percent of contract dollars, according to the city's most recent disparity study. Black-owned businesses, which made up 5 percent of the market, were paid 3 percent of contracts.
Samuels said he hoped the county would find away to bring everyone — including established white-owned contracting businesses, which are often in the position of awarding subcontracts — to the table to find a fair way to go forward.
"I just want the same access," he said. "I want to be invited to the party like everybody else."
rebecca.schuetz@chron.com
twitter.com/raschuetz
R.A. Schuetz
Follow R.A. on:
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R.A. Schuetz covers real estate for the Houston Chronicle. Before joining the Chronicle, she wrote features for the Hearst Connecticut Media Group.
Skanska plans 28-story office building next to Discovery Green
Homebuying platform Orchard plants its flag in Houston
Emma Balter
What's Hopping: Eureka Heights celebrates Betty White's 99th...
Total to leave American Petroleum Institute over climate 'divergences'
Conroe's Grand Central Park opens new section on heels of record year


Watch out Big Apple, you've got some country folk coming your way! We're talking of course about our invitation to speak at the annual ICON Illustration Conference to be held July 2nd-5th in New York City.
Our good friend and fellow artist, Von Glitschka managed to wrangle us from our cozy pixelated cave here in North Carolina to join him at the historic Roosevelt Hotel for a session called The Art and Science of Icon Illustration. The session promises to be chock full of tips for illustrators on the growing demand for icons and icon design in today's digital world. David, Ged and Von will offer tips and tricks, showcase prior work and answer all your vexing icon questions.
If you are planning on attending the ICON 5 Illustration Conference in New York City or perhaps just want to stop by and say "Hi!", then we look forward to meeting you. We'll be sure to be on the Twitter with our experiences and schedule, so if you're interested check out Ged & David's Twitter streams. Get ready NYC, here we come!


Note: the story is told entirely in external third-person narrative; there is no description whatever of any character's internal thoughts or feelings, only what they say and do, and how they look.
In 1928, Sam Spade is a private detective in San Francisco, in partnership with Miles Archer. A beautiful young woman, "Miss Wonderly", hires them to follow Floyd Thursby, and find her sister, who ran off with him. Archer takes the first stint. That night, Archer is found shot to death. Spade coolly tells his office secretary, Effie Perine, to have a new office sign prepared, to read simply "Samuel Spade". A few hours later, Thursby is also killed and Spade is a suspect. Spade refuses to tell the police about the client. "Miss Wonderly" is soon revealed as adventuress Brigid O'Shaughnessy, involved with the title object, a foot-high black statuette of unknown but substantial value. Others are after the falcon, including Joel Cairo, an effeminate Greek homosexual, and Casper Gutman, a fat man accompanied by vicious young gunman Wilmer Cook.
O'Shaughnessy begs for Spade's protection, putting on a great show of fear and weakness while telling him as little as possible. Spade responds cynically "You're good. You're very good." They meet with Cairo at Spade's apartment. While they are waiting, Spade tells O'Shaughnessy of the Flitcraft case, an odd story from his early years as a detective. After Cairo leaves, Spade again presses O'Shaughnessy; again she stalls. Instead she kisses Spade. The next morning, she is asleep in his bed. While she is asleep, Spade slips out to search her apartment.
Effie says O'Shaughnessy "is all right" and Spade should help her. Effie agrees to hide O'Shaughnessy at her home - but O'Shaughnessy disappears again instead. Spade meets Gutman in his hotel room; neither will tell what he knows. Spade implies he is looking out for himself, not O'Shaughnessy. Red herrings abound. The police suspect Spade in the shootings because he was bedding Archer's wife Iva. The District Attorney ties the shootings to Dixie Monahan, a Chicago gambler who employed Thursby as a bodyguard in the Far East.
At a second meeting, Gutman tells Spade the history of the falcon, citing various obscure historical sources. It was made of gold and jewel by the 16th-century Knights of Malta, as a gift to the King of Spain. But it was captured by pirates, and passed from owner to owner around Europe for centuries. At some time it was coated with black enamel to conceal its value. It turned up in Paris in 1911, and then disappeared again. Gutman thinks it could be worth two million dollars. Gutman traced the falcon to General Kemidov, a Russian exile in Constantinople, and hired O'Shaughnessy to get it; she brought in Cairo to help. They got the falcon, but O'Shaughnessy and Thursby fled with it to Hong Kong and then San Francisco. During this conversation, Gutman drugs Spade, who passes out on the floor. Spade awakens alone, and returns to his office. A wounded man staggers in and dies: Captain Jacobi, of the ship La Paloma , just arrived from Hong Kong. Jacobi has a package containing the falcon.
O'Shaughnessy calls the office, begging for Spade's help. Spade stashes the falcon, then goes to an address in Burlingame to help O'Shaughnessy, but it is a "wild goose chase". When he returns, O'Shaughnessy is waiting in front of Spade's apartment building. When they enter the apartment, Gutman, Wilmer, and Cairo are waiting with guns drawn. They want the falcon. Gutman presents $10,000 in cash. But Spade notes that the police must arrest someone for the murders of Thursby and Jacobi. Spade suggests Wilmer as the fall guy; it was he who shot Thursby and Jacobi. Gutman balks, but Wilmer loses control under Spade's taunting, and Spade knocks him out. Gutman agrees to give up Wilmer.
Spade has Effie fetch the falcon. But Gutman discovers it is a fake (a decoy made by General Kemidov). During the excitement, Wilmer escapes. Gutman decides to go to Constantinople for the real falcon; Cairo joins him. Gutman forces Spade to return the $10,000, but lets him keep $1,000 "for expenses". He and Cairo leave.
Spade calls the police and tells them the story, adding that he has Wilmer's guns and other evidence. Then he bullies O'Shaughnessy into confessing her real role. Archer was shot with Thursby's gun (a distinctive English Webley-Fosbery Automatic Revolver, found at the scene) - but not by Thursby. Spade says Archer would never have followed Thursby into a blind alley with his gun buttoned up– but he would have gone there with O'Shaughnessy. She weeps and pleads, but he is implacable. He says she planned the whole thing to get rid of Thursby, by getting him into a fight. Either Archer would kill him, or he would kill Archer and be arrested, and she could vanish. But Thursby backed off, so she killed Archer with Thursby's gun. Then Thursby was killed, so she came back to Spade for protection. She's lied to him and double-crossed him.
O'Shaughnessy admits all this, but pleads that she is in love with Spade and he loves her. Spade refuses to protect her, listing several reasons. Maybe he does care for her; but he says "I won't play the sap for you." If she (a pretty young woman) can get off with a long prison term, he'll wait for her. But if she hangs, so be it. She kisses him one last time, just before the police arrive. He turns her in. The police tell him Wilmer has killed Gutman.
At the office the next day, Effie is shocked that O'Shaughnessy was a ruthless killer, but also that Spade cold-bloodedly turned her in, which creates a slight tension. Then Iva Archer comes in, and the story ends.


Buddha Sakyamuni (563–483 BCE) who spread Buddhism in India, has given also medical teachings at several locations.
He taught Buddhist medicine in the medicine forest near the contemporary city of Bodhgaya (Bihar, India), in Udhiyana (now Afghanistan) and other locations in India. The Buddhist science of healing (in Tibetan so wa rig pa) has been passed on by an unbroken lineage of great buddhist masters, among others Manjushri, Jivaka, Saraha, Nagarjuna, Chandrabiananda, Bibyi Gahbyed and Belha Gahdzesma (also called Bimala Lhatse), Vaghbata I, Vaghbata II, Yuthog Yönten Gönpo the elder, Shantirakshita and Padmasambhava. The great Indian master Padmasambhava (Tib. Guru Rinpoche) brought Buddhism and with it the Buddhist medicine to Tibet in the 8th century and taught it there together with his Tibetan companion Yeshe Tsogyal. Some sources report that the first teachings of Buddhist medicine reached Tibet in the 2nd century already.
then, in the 11th century, two more transmissions by Atisha and in the 13th century by Yuthog Yönten Gönpo the younger.


text:
Republicans take knife to post-crisis Wall Street reforms
Lisa Lambert
WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Republicans in the U.S. House of Representatives voted on Thursday to replace the 2010 Dodd-Frank Wall Street reform law, a move that is expected to die in the Senate but open the door to revamping or eliminating regulations that came out of the 2007-09 financial crisis.
U.S. Representative Jeb Hensarling (R-TX) speaks to members of the media after meeting with Donald Trump at Trump Tower in the Manhattan borough of New York City, U.S., November 17, 2016. REUTERS/Mike Segar
House passage of the CHOICE Act is the farthest Republicans have gotten so far in undoing regulations they say hurt small banks and make the government responsible for bailing out big financial institutions should they fail.
Republican President Donald Trump is pushing for deregulation across the federal government. Next week the Treasury Department is expected to release the first in a series of reports on lightening financial rules and re-interpreting Dodd-Frank provisions.
Lawmakers in the near future could also approve smaller bits of legislation to undo specific measures in Dodd-Frank, one of the biggest achievements of former President Barack Obama, a Democrat. Earlier on Thursday, Senate Banking Committee Chairman Mike Crapo, a Republican, said he would hold several hearings in coming months with the goal of "ultimately passing a meaningful and bipartisan reform package."
On a day when the national spotlight was on the Senate testimony of former Federal Bureau of Investigation Director James Comey, the fight over repealing Dodd-Frank consumed the House.
The bill was approved along party lines by a vote of 233-to-186 after four hours of often-loud debate. The most powerful Democrat in the chamber, California's Nancy Pelosi, described the legislation as "dastardly." The argument even spilled over to a House committee hearing on the budget of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission.
There, Democratic Representative Rosa DeLauro demanded that acting CFTC chair J. Christopher Giancarlo, a Republican, provide three examples in writing to prove his statement that overregulation was hurting the economy.
Authored by Financial Services Committee Chairman Jeb Hensarling, a Republican, the CHOICE Act allows banks to choose between complying with Dodd-Frank or holding onto more capital.
While the act was meant to address bankers' concerns, many in the banking sector do not support it because they consider the required capital level too high. Also, the American Bankers Association expressed disappointment that the bill had retained Dodd-Frank limits on debit card fees.
The act restructures the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, created to guard against fraud in lending. It eliminates the Volcker rule that limits trading activities by banks. Also, the government would no longer be able to designate non-bank institutions as "systemically important," which triggers increased oversight.
The Congressional Budget Office, a non-partisan evaluator of legislation, estimates the bill would save the federal government $24 billion over a decade, mostly by lifting the government's authority to step in and unwind failing institutions.
Republicans described the act as a jobs-creator, saying Dodd-Frank's numerous requirements made it impossible for community banks to lend to small businesses. They said changing the independent CFPB would make the agency more accountable to lawmakers.
Democrats said the legislation would bring about another economic catastrophe by eliminating vital checks on the financial system. They said the CFPB changes, including eliminating its complaints database, would make it easier for firms to take advantage of consumers along the lines of the housing crisis, where millions were trapped in mortgages they could not afford.
The Senate is not expected to take up the bill in its entirety, even though it has Trump's backing. Senator Elizabeth Warren, a leading Democrat, initially conceived of the CFPB and was Obama's first choice to lead it. She is expected to rally opposition in the form of a filibuster against changes to the agency.
Still, Crapo lauded the bill's passage in the House as a "significant and thoughtful effort," a sign he may include some of its provisions in a future bill.
"The CHOICE Act makes a positive move away from government micromanagement, and returns to basic principles of safety and soundness and market-driven principles," he said in a statement.
Editing by Leslie Adler and David Gregorio


DTLSv1_listen() listens for new incoming DTLS connections. If a ClientHello is received that does not contain a cookie, then DTLSv1_listen() responds with a HelloVerifyRequest. If a ClientHello is received with a cookie that is verified, then control is returned to user code to enable the handshake to be completed (for example by using SSL_accept(3)).
DTLSv1_listen() is currently implemented as a macro.
Datagram based protocols can be susceptible to Denial of Service attacks. A DTLS attacker could, for example, submit a series of handshake initiation requests that cause the server to allocate state (and possibly perform cryptographic operations) thus consuming server resources. The attacker could also (with UDP) quite simply forge the source IP address in such an attack.
As a counter measure to that DTLS includes a stateless cookie mechanism. The idea is that when a client attempts to connect to a server it sends a ClientHello message. The server responds with a HelloVerifyRequest which contains a unique cookie. The client then resends the ClientHello, but this time includes the cookie in the message thus proving that the client is capable of receiving messages sent to that address. All of this can be done by the server without allocating any state, and thus without consuming expensive resources.
OpenSSL implements this capability via the DTLSv1_listen() function. The ssl parameter should be a newly allocated SSL object with its read and write BIOs set, in the same way as might be done for a call to SSL_accept(3). Typically the read BIO will be in an "unconnected" state and thus capable of receiving messages from any peer.
When a ClientHello is received that contains a cookie that has been verified, then DTLSv1_listen() will return with the ssl parameter updated into a state where the handshake can be continued by a call to (for example) SSL_accept(3). Additionally the struct sockaddr pointed to by peer will be filled in with details of the peer that sent the ClientHello. It is the calling code's responsibility to ensure that the peer location is sufficiently large to accommodate the addressing scheme in use. For example this might be done by allocating space for a struct sockaddr_storage and casting the pointer to it to a struct sockaddr * for the call to DTLSv1_listen(). Typically user code is expected to "connect" the underlying socket to the peer and continue the handshake in a connected state.
Prior to calling DTLSv1_listen() user code must ensure that cookie generation and verification callbacks have been set up using SSL_CTX_set_cookie_generate_cb() and SSL_CTX_set_cookie_verify_cb() respectively.
Since DTLSv1_listen() operates entirely statelessly whilst processing incoming ClientHellos, it is unable to process fragmented messages (since this would require the allocation of state). An implication of this is that DTLSv1_listen() only supports ClientHellos that fit inside a single datagram.
From OpenSSL 1.1.0 a return value of >= 1 indicates success. In this instance the peer value will be filled in and the ssl object set up ready to continue the handshake.
A return value of 0 indicates a non-fatal error. This could (for example) be because of non-blocking IO, or some invalid message having been received from a peer. Errors may be placed on the OpenSSL error queue with further information if appropriate. Typically user code is expected to retry the call to DTLSv1_listen() in the event of a non-fatal error. Any old errors on the error queue will be cleared in the subsequent call.
A return value of <0 indicates a fatal error. This could (for example) be because of a failure to allocate sufficient memory for the operation.
Prior to OpenSSL 1.1.0 fatal and non-fatal errors both produce return codes <= 0 (in typical implementations user code treats all errors as non-fatal), whilst return codes >0 indicate success.
DTLSv1_listen() first appeared in OpenSSL 0.9.8m and has been available since OpenBSD 4.9.


Good exam results aren't everything – but they are certainly a great help for our students as they move from primary to secondary school and eventually on to finding jobs.
And our school's 2018 Primary Leaving Exam results were once again a great achievement – all our P7 pupils passed the exam in the top two of the four divisions – 42% in division 1 and 58% in division 2. Many of these children are the first in their families to complete primary education.
These are outstanding results, especially as most of these children would have had no education at all, as they come from the poorest families in the Namatala slum.


Xu, Huiying, Chong Liao, Peng Zuo, Ziwen Liu, and Bang-Ce Ye. "A Magnetic-Based Microfluidic Device for On-Chip Isolation and Detection of Tumor-Derived Exosomes." Analytical chemistry (2018).
Exosomes are membrane-enclosed phospholipid extracellular vesicles which can act as mediators of intercellular communication. Although the original features endow tumor-derived exosomes great potential as biomarkers, efficient isolation and detection methods remains challenging. Here, we presented a two-stage microfluidic platform (ExoPCD-chip) which integrates on-chip isolation and in situ electrochemical analysis of exosomes from serum. To promote exosomes capture efficiency, an improved staggered Y-shaped micropillars mixing pattern was designed to create anisotropic flow without any surface modification. By combining magnetic enrichment based on specific phosphatidylserine-Tim4 protein recognition with a new signal transduction strategy in a chip for the first time, the platform enables highly sensitive detection for CD63 positive exosomes as low as 4.39×103 particles/mL with a linear range spanning 5 orders of magnitude, which is substantially better than the existing methods. The reduced volume of samples (30 μL) and simpler affinity method also make it ideal for rapid downstream analysis of complex biofluids within 3.5 h. As a proof-of-concept, we performed exosomes analysis in human serum and liver cancer patients can be well discriminated from the healthy controls by the ExoPCD-chip. These results demonstrate that this microfluidic chip may serve as a comprehensive exosome analysis tool and potential non-invasive diagnostic platform.


Subscribe & Save Deal | Viva Paper Towels & Quilted Northern Bath Tissue Stock Up Deals!
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I tried these Viva Paper Towels once on a whim (due to a great sale like today!) and I actually liked it so much more than Bounty. I've been a Viva-girl ever since!
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Amazon has this Quilted Northern Ultra Soft & Strong Double Rolls Toilet Paper, 48 Count marked down to stock up price right now.
This isn't a Subscribe & Save deal, so you won't have to wait for your subscription order date to roll around.
Check the widget* below for the current price (before coupon savings). If you are still seeing it for $22.94, then you'll get it for just $.47 per double roll!


text:
Montgomery Village, MD Patch (5)
October 1, 2016 | eliza | Breaking News
This is my growing record of the cutest and most talented male teen idols from the Seventies. These cuties grew to become well-known on hit TV shows, with songs on the prime of the charts, or just because their likenesses graced the pages of teenybopper magazines reminiscent of Teen Beat, Tiger Beat, or Super Teen.
From 1968-seventy three, he worked in what can be his most famous position, that of Pete Cochran on the series The Mod Squad about three young rebellious social outcasts who grow to be undercover cops. Cole's character of Pete Cochran, the son of a rich family who toss him to the curb when he will get arrested for stealing a car turned Cole right into a teen sensation over evening.
One of the very best comedic actresses of the final 20 years, Cameron Diaz has been in one huge comedy hit after one other together with There's Something About Mary, Shrek, What Happens in Vegas, Bad Teacher and just lately Sex Tape. Cameron is relatively new to Instagram and has only shared 40 photographs up to now but she already has over 1.0 million followers.
CBS favored their type and gave them their own Saturday morning selection series The Hudson Brother's Razzle Dazzle Show, It aired beginning on September 7, 1974 to lasting till August 30, 1975. It was stuffed with songs and comedy skits and was typically quite a lot of enjoyable. Basically, it was a child-pleasant version of their prime-time variety series.
Try to control your feelings and feelings. Remember, you will positively need to move on and time is the very best healer. Think about all the troubled times and attempt to continually remind yourself why you're dumping him/her and wishing to be away. Tears and miserable moments are certain to observe but you have to take it in your stride. You need to put up a courageous entrance and be firm about letting go of the connection.
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text:
\section{Introduction}
Mercury-manganese stars are chemically peculiar (CP) stars of the upper main
sequence, with the line spectra of \ion{Hg}{ii} and \ion{Mn}{ii}
indicating large overabundances of the two elements. They constitute Preston's
subgroup CP3 \citep{preston74}. Their effective temperatures range between
10\,500 and 16\,000\,K, corresponding to spectral types A0 to B6
\citep{Smith1996}. Some other distinctive characteristics of these stars are
low rotational velocities \citep[$v\sin i\,\le$\,29\,km\,s$^{-1}$,][]{abt1972}
and overabundances of other elements such as P, Ga, Y, and Pt, with abundance
patterns changing from one star to the other. They can show an
inhomogeneous distribution of some chemical elements over their surface
\citep[first discussed by][]{hubrig1995}, which causes the observed line-profile
variability in the spectra \citep[e.g.][]{hubrig2011}.
HgMn stars are members of binaries in more than 50\% of the cases, with
periods ranging between 3 to 20 days \citep{gerbaldi1985}.

The chemical peculiarities in the atmospheres of HgMn stars arise
because of their extremely stable atmospheres,
exposing the atoms and ions to the competitive actions of
gravitational settling and radiative levitation. The observed
abundance peculiarities can in principle be explained within the
framework of atomic diffusion \citep{michaud1979}. Diffusion theory
predicts that the photospheres of all HgMn stars should be deficient in
helium, which was confirmed for instance in a dedicated study by \citet{dworetsky2004}.
The reason is that helium has only few and weak lines at wavelengths
where the stellar flux is high (longward of the Lyman edge), therefore
gravitational settling dominates.
Dworetsky also found evidence for a vertical helium abundance
stratification in two HgMn stars, which would also be a consequence of
atomic diffusion in the atmosphere.

Moreover, helium is a particular case for the occurrence of
differential effects of diffusion on the {\em isotopes} of an
element. The mass difference between its two isotopes, $^3$He and
$^4$He, is largest among the light elements, with gravitational
settling favouring the heavier isotope.
Some CP stars can therefore show enhanced $^3$He well above the
protosolar $^3$He/$^4$He ratio of (1.66\,$\pm$\,0.05)$\times$10$^{-4}$
\citep{mahaffy1998}. This is most pronounced for the (He-weak) $^{3}$He stars,
which occupy a narrow strip in the $\log T_\mathrm{eff}$--$\log g$
plane between the He-strong B stars and a group of He-weak
B stars that show no evidence of~$^{3}$He. However, the presence of a
significant amount of $^{3}$He was also suggested for some
HgMn stars \citep{hartoog1979}.

\begin{figure*}[t!]
\includegraphics[width=.94\linewidth]{aa25037-14-fig1.eps}
\caption{Comparison of our global best-fit NLTE synthetic spectrum (red
line) with observed spectral lines of H$\beta$ to H$\epsilon$ (black line)
in $\kappa$\,Cnc.}
\label{fig:hydrogen}
\end{figure*}

Analyses of helium abundances in CP stars (and also for other
elements) have so far mostly been
performed under the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE).
On one hand, this was possibly motivated by the early non-LTE (NLTE) study by
\citet{auer1973}, who found that the blue-violet \ion{He}{i} lines are
described well under the assumption of LTE in the temperature range
below 15\,000\,K. On the other hand, this has also practical reasons
because LTE line-formation can be much easier
implemented than NLTE modelling. However, the quality of the
observations has improved tremendously over the past decades, and we
consider the topic worth to merit a re-visit in an era where quantitative
spectroscopy can be performed at high precision and accuracy. A more
consistent
NLTE modelling of CP stars may therefore help in developing a quantitatively
refined view of diffusion theory, which is required to explain the
variety of observed abundance peculiarities even within
one class of~CP~stars.

We chose the prototype HgMn star \object{$\kappa$\,Cancri}
(HD\,78316, HR\,3623) for a pilot study that aims at re-investigating the
topic based on our latest NLTE models.
This well-known sharp-lined star was reported to be a possible
$^{3}$He star by \citet{hartoog1979}, who derived an upper limit on the
$^{3}$He/$^{4}$He ratio of 0.35, more than a thousand times higher than the
protosolar value. The presence of $^{3}$He in the photosphere of
this star was confirmed by \citet{Dobrichev89} and
\citet{zakharova1996}, concluding on a value of the $^{3}$He/$^{4}$He ratio of 0.35.
These previous works were all based
on LTE modelling and spectra at lower
resolution than available today. Here, we investigate NLTE effects
and their impact on the determination of (isotopic) abundances and the
vertical stratification of helium, considering various \ion{He}{i} lines.

\section{Observational data}
The spectrum employed in the present work was observed with {\sc Uves}
\citep[UV-Visual Echelle Spectrograph,][]{Dekkeretal00} on the ESO
VLT/UT2 at Cerro Paranal inChile under the program 076.B-0055(A).
We extracted the pipeline-reduced spectrum from the ESO Science Archive Facility.
The spectrum was obtained in dichroic mode, covering
the spectral range $\lambda\lambda$ 3700-10\,200\,{\AA} (with a small
gap in the region of the near-IR calcium triplet),
at resolving power $R$\,=\,$\lambda/\Delta\lambda$\,$\approx$\,110\,000.
The peak S/N ratio is $\sim$\,270. To normalize of the
spectrum we fitted a spline function to a number of continuum windows.

In addition, (spectro-)photometric data were
adopted from the literature to construct the spectral energy
distribution (SED) of $\kappa$\,Cnc. $UBV$ photometry was adopted from
\citet{Mermillod91} and $JHK$ data from the Two Micron
All Sky Survey \citep[2MASS,][]{Skrutskieetal06}. Two low-dispersion
spectra that were observed with the
International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) using a large aperture
were extracted from the MAST archive\footnote{\tt
http://archive.stsci.edu/}. The exposures SWP06911 and LWR05873
cover the range from 1150 to 1980\,{\AA} and from 1850 to 3290\,{\AA}.

\begin{table}
\centering
\caption{Atmospheric parameters}\label{tab:data}
\vskip -0.1in
\begin{tabular}{lr}
\hline
\hline
Parameter                &$\kappa$\,Cnc \\
\hline
Sp. Type                 & B8\,III   \\[.5mm]
$V$\,(mag)	         & 5.233    \\
$B-V$\,(mag)             & $-$0.113\\
$E(B-V)$\,(mag)          & 0.038\\[.5mm]
$T_\mathrm{eff}$\,(K)    & 12800$\pm$200  \\
$\log g$\,(cgs)          &  3.70$\pm$0.10   \\
$\xi$\,(km\,s$^{-1}$)    & 0+1      \\
$v\sin i$\,(km\,s$^{-1}$)& 6$\pm$2        \\
$\zeta$\,(km\,s$^{-1}$)  & 4$\pm$2       \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

\section{Model calculations}
We employed a hybrid NLTE approach for our line-formation
calculations, which has been successfully used before for quantitative
analyses of main-sequence OB stars
\citep{nieva2007,nieva2008}, their evolved progeny
\citep{przybilla2006a}, and subdwarf B stars
\citep{Przybillaetal06b}.
Model atmospheres were computed with the code {\sc Atlas9}
\citep{kurucz1993b}, which assumes plane-parallel
geometry\footnote{The ratio of atmospheric thickness (geometrical
height from the outer rim to the optical continuum-forming layers from
the {\sc Atlas9} model) over stellar radius (determined from evolutionary
mass and the surface gravity) is $\sim$1\%. This means that sphericity effects
are negligible here, despite the star's classification as giant.},
chemical homogeneity, and hydrostatic, radiative, and local
thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE). A value of triple solar metallicity
was adopted for the model atmosphere calculations for $\kappa$\,Cnc,
which is found to reproduce the low-resolution UV spectrum overall well.

Then, NLTE line-formation computations were performed with the
codes {\sc Detail} and {\sc Surface} (Giddings 1981;
Butler \& Giddings 1985). {\sc Detail} calculates atomic-level
populations by solving the coupled radiative transfer and statistical equilibrium
equations, and {\sc Surface} computes the formal solution using realistic
line-broadening functions. The following model atoms were employed:
H \citep{przybilla2004}, \ion{He}{i}
\citep{przybilla2005}, and, for some supplementary calculations, \ion{O}{i/ii}
\citep[updated]{przybilla2000,becker1988}. To facilitate NLTE
calculations for the $^3$He isotope in addition to the usual $^4$He, a \ion{$^3$He}{i}
model atom in analogy to that of $^4$He by \citet{przybilla2005} was realized, taking
into account isotopic line shifts as measured by \citet{fred1951}. Both isotopes
were treated simultaneously to account for the overlap of lines and continua.

Our approach allows LTE spectrum synthesis to be performed by
running {\sc Surface} only on top of the {\sc Atlas9} model. In this
case, LTE level populations are computed while all other model
ingredients remain unchanged, which facilitates assessing the impact of NLTE effects.

\section{Atmospheric parameter determination}
$\kappa$\,Cnc is a known single-lined spectroscopic binary
(SB1) star. The system has been resolved among others by
\citet{Schoelleretal10}, who found a
$\sim$2.5\,mag difference in the $K$ band between the primary and the
(later-type) secondary. Because the brightness ratio
increases towards shorter wavelengths, we do not expect the
available spectrum to be contaminated by any significant second light.

\begin{figure}[t!]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=.99\linewidth,height=5.5cm]{aa25037-14-fig2.eps}
\caption{Comparison of the {\sc Atlas9} model flux (red line)
for our adopted atmospheric parameters with the observed SED (black
line and boxes). Values of colour excess and the ratio of
total-to-selective extinction employed in the de-reddening of the
observations are indicated.}
\label{fig:SED}
\end{figure}

\onlfig{
\begin{figure}[t!]
\includegraphics[width=.99\linewidth]{aa25037-14-fig3.eps}
\caption{Comparison of our global best-fit NLTE synthetic spectrum
(red line) with the observed Paschen lines Pa11 and Pa12 (black line)
in $\kappa$\,Cnc.
}
\label{fig:paschen}
\end{figure}
}
\onlfig{
\begin{figure*}[bh!]
\includegraphics[width=.99\linewidth]{aa25037-14-fig4.eps}
\caption{Comparison of our global best-fit NLTE synthetic spectrum
(for $\log$\,(O/H)\,+\,12\,$=$\,8.40, red) with the observed
\ion{O}{i/ii} lines (black lines) in $\kappa$\,Cnc.
}
\label{fig:oxygen}
\end{figure*}
}

Therefore, the analysis of the observed spectrum followed a similar philosophy as previously
employed by us for studies of normal B-type stars in \citet{nieva2007,nieva2012}.
We used the hydrogen Balmer lines and the SED as principal
indicators to determine the effective temperature
$T_\mathrm{eff}$ and the surface gravity $\log g$.
Supplementary indicators were two hydrogen Paschen lines and
the ionization balance of \ion{O}{i/ii}. A fine-tuning of the
atmospheric parameters was achieved by multiple iterations aiming at
reproducing all indicators simultaneously. At this stage of the
analysis, an approximate average value for the helium abundance in
the line-formation region was determined, which had to be assumed
to be homogeneous throughout the entire atmosphere because of the basic
assumptions made in {\sc Atlas9}. Note that this introduces no restrictions to
the further discussion, as helium behaves as a trace element in our case.
A zero microturbulent
velocity $\xi$ was adopted, which facilitates reproducing the
weak and strong oxygen lines for one abundance value simultaneously. The (radial-tangential)
macroturbulent velocity $\zeta$ and projected rotational velocity $v\sin i$
were also determined based on fits to the oxygen lines. The
finally adopted atmospheric parameters together with a few
supplementary data are summarised in Table~\ref{tab:data}.
Our $T_\mathrm{eff}$ is significantly lower (by up to $\sim$1000\,K in
the extremes) and the $\log g$
slightly lower than in earlier LTE analyses
\citep[e.g.][]{RoLa90,DwBu00,Adelmanetal04,bailey2013,Takedaetal14}. The
higher temperatures are not compatible with the observed SED.
On the other hand, our results agree excellently well with the atmospheric
parameters adopted by \citet{zakharova1996} and \citet{Mazaetal11}.

Figures~\ref{fig:hydrogen} and \ref{fig:SED} show a comparison of a
global (by-eye) best-fit NLTE spectrum with H$\beta$ to H$\epsilon$ and the fit
of the {\sc Atlas9} model flux to the observed SED.
For the latter, the photometric
data were converted into fluxes using zeropoints of \citet{Besselletal98}
for Johnson photometry and of \citet{Heberetal02} for
the 2MASS photometry. All observed fluxes were de-reddened
using an interstellar reddening law according to \citet{Cardellietal89},
adopting a colour excess $E(B-V)$ as indicated in Table~\ref{tab:data}
and a ratio of total-to-selective extinction
$R_V$\,=\,$A_V/E(B-V)$\,=\,3.1.
Overall, good agreement between model and observation is achieved.
This also includes the confirmation of the atmospheric parameter
determination by the secondary indicators, the Paschen lines P$_{11}$ and P$_{12}$
(the only useful lines from the near-IR region, see the online
Fig.~\ref{fig:paschen}) and the \ion{O}{i/ii} NLTE
ionization balance (see the online Fig.~\ref{fig:oxygen}).
The latter is fulfilled for a homogeneous oxygen abundance of
$\log$\,(O/H)\,+\,12\,$=$\,8.40, without any indication
for a depth-dependent abundance stratification of this element.

\begin{figure}[t!]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=.99\linewidth,height=6.8cm]{aa25037-14-fig5.eps}
\caption{Comparison of our NLTE spectrum synthesis (red
lines) with observation for the two lines with the widest
isotopic separation (black lines).
Synthetic LTE spectra computed for the same isotopic helium
number fractions are also shown (dotted red line).
The positions of the line centres of the isotopic components are
indicated.}
\label{fig:3he}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[t!]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=.99\linewidth,height=6.8cm]{aa25037-14-fig6.eps}
\caption{Comparison of our two-component NLTE fits
with the strongest observed diffuse \ion{He}{i} lines.
The upper curves in each panel visualise the fit to the line
wings, the lower ones the fit to the line core. See Fig.~\ref{fig:3he}
for the description of the line encoding. The two vertical lines indicate
the degree of the isotopic shift in the two cases.}
\label{fig:hewings}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=.99\linewidth]{aa25037-14-fig7.eps}
\caption{Comparison of our NLTE spectrum synthesis
with all other \ion{He}{i} lines that were analysed here. Shown are individual best
fits. Lines are encoded in the same way as in Fig.~\ref{fig:3he}.}
\label{fig:herest}
\end{figure}

\section{Helium abundance analysis}
The visual inspection of the helium spectrum of $\kappa$\,Cnc shows
two peculiarities. First, an asymmetry of \ion{He}{i}
$\lambda$4921.9\,{\AA} and a resolved second component redwards of
\ion{He}{i} $\lambda$6678.1\,{\AA} indicate the presence of the $^3$He
isotope in the stellar atmosphere (see Fig.~\ref{fig:3he}), confirming
the detection of \citet{hartoog1979} at much higher spectral resolution
\citep[cf.~also][]{zakharova1996}.
Second, the strongest among the diffuse \ion{He}{i} lines, at
$\lambda$4026.2\,{\AA} and $\lambda$4471.5\,{\AA}, show shallow cores
in combination with unusually broad wings (see
Fig.~\ref{fig:hewings}). This is a clear sign
that the element is not homogeneously distributed throughout the
atmosphere, but instead shows a vertical abundance stratification,
which is unusual in HgMn stars and has been reported for only a
few objects so far \citep{dworetsky2004,CaHu07}.

The quantitative analysis of the \ion{He}{i} spectrum uses line-profile
fits to the observed (largely) unblended features (\ion{He}{i}
$\lambda\lambda$ 4009.3\,{\AA}, 5015.7\,{\AA}, and 5047.7\,{\AA} are
strongly blended with metal lines). The individual best fits from the
NLTE modelling to the two lines with resolved isotopic contributions are shown in
Fig.~\ref{fig:3he}. For comparison, LTE profiles for the same derived
helium abundances are also shown. While NLTE strengthening is weak for
the \ion{He}{i} $\lambda$4922\,{\AA} lines (note a weak blend by
\ion{Fe}{ii} $\lambda$4922.19\,{\AA}, which is not accounted for in
the modelling), \ion{He}{i} $\lambda$6678.1\,{\AA}
shows pronounced NLTE effects. A helium abundance higher
by a factor of almost 3 is indicated by the quantitative LTE analysis in the latter case.
The $^3$He and $^4$He number fractions
$\varepsilon$(He) derived from the NLTE and LTE analysis are summarised in
Table~\ref{isotopic-abundances}, together with the Rosseland optical
depths $\tau_\mathrm{ross}$ at which the line cores are formed. The abundance ratio
$^3$He/$^4$He is about 0.25 to 0.30 at the atmospheric depths covered
by the observations, slightly lower than the value of 0.35 derived by
\citet{zakharova1996}.

The isotopic shifts are much smaller in all other helium lines, such
that only a combined abundance from both isotopes can be derived
(we kept the $^3$He/$^4$He ratio fixed to 0.3, consistent with
the value range determined above during
our modelling). For the strongest diffuse \ion{He}{i} lines
we performed a two-component fit (Fig.~\ref{fig:hewings}). One model was
tuned to reproduce the line core, the other to reproduce the line wings.
The derived abundances are summarised in Table~\ref{he-abundances} in
analogy to Table~\ref{isotopic-abundances}. Data for the wings of
the lines were evaluated 2\,{\AA} redwards of the line core.
In the cores of the two lines, NLTE abundances are smaller than
derived in LTE, by about 15\% and 40\%.
The wings are unaffected by NLTE effects.
Individual best fits to all other \ion{He}{i} lines that were analysed
here are shown
in Fig.~\ref{fig:herest}, with the results summarised in
Table~\ref{he-abundances}. Typically, NLTE effects are weak in these
mostly weak lines. Strong effects are present only in \ion{He}{i}
$\lambda$5875.6\,{\AA}, implying that the NLTE abundances are lower
than the LTE values by a factor~of~almost~3.
\paragraph{NLTE effects.}
Departure coefficients $b_i$\,=$n_i/n_i^*$ (Zwaan definition, the
$n_i$ and $n_i^*$ are the NLTE and LTE level population numbers)
for the helium energy levels are displayed in Fig.~\ref{fig:departures}
as a function of optical depth. \ion{He}{i} is the main ion at the
temperatures found in the visible layers of the atmosphere of
$\kappa$\,Cnc. The population of the \ion{He}{i} ground state shows
practically no deviations from detailed equilibrium. The levels with principal
quantum number $n$\,=\,2 are overpopulated relative to LTE values
(the 2$s$\,$^{1,3}$S levels are not shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:departures}
for clarity, as they show qualitatively and quantitatively a very
similar behaviour as the 2$p$\,$^{1,3}$P$^\circ$ levels).
This is because radiative (the 2$s$\,$^{3}$S state is metastable)
and collisionally induced decays to the ground state are inefficient,
while the level populations are constantly fed by
the recombination cascade from higher levels, which drains the
populations of these. In consequence, all higher
levels are underpopulated compared with the LTE values. They closely follow the
behaviour of the \ion{He}{ii} ground state. Detailed balance is
approached for all levels at continuum formation depths (at $\log
\tau_\mathrm{ross}$\,$\approx$\,0.2-0.3) and below, the NLTE
population numbers differ at most by a few percent from LTE values in
the line-formation region (see Tables~\ref{isotopic-abundances} and
\ref{he-abundances}). The differences in the
behaviour of the departure coefficients between $^3$He and $^4$He levels
are negligible.
\begin{table}
\centering
\caption{Isotopic helium abundances}\label{isotopic-abundances}
\vskip -0.1in
\begin{tabular}{lrrr}
\hline
\hline
$\lambda$\,({\AA})	&$\log\tau_\mathrm{ross}$ & $\varepsilon$(He)$_\mathrm{NLTE}$  &$\varepsilon$(He)$_\mathrm{LTE}$\\
\hline
\ion{$^4$He}{\sc i} 4921.9 & $-$0.061 & 0.0070 & 0.0087\\
\ion{$^3$He}{\sc i} 4922.3 &    0.001 & 0.0027 & 0.0032\\
\ion{$^4$He}{\sc i} 6678.1 & $-$0.362 & 0.0070 & 0.0185\\
\ion{$^3$He}{\sc i} 6678.7 & $-$0.256 & 0.0018 & 0.0032\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
\begin{table}
\centering
\caption{Line-by-line abundances of \ion{He}{i}.}\label{he-abundances}
\vskip -0.1in
\begin{tabular}{lrrr}
\hline
\hline
$\lambda$\,({\AA})	&$\log\tau_\mathrm{ross}$ & $\varepsilon$(He)$_\mathrm{NLTE}$  &$\varepsilon$(He)$_\mathrm{LTE}$\\
\hline
3867.5      &    0.179 & 0.020 & 0.020\\
4026.2 core &    0.045 & 0.007 & 0.008\\
4026.2 wing &    0.213 & 0.017 & 0.017\\
4120.8      &    0.105 & 0.015 & 0.016\\
4387.9	    &    0.098 & 0.013 & 0.015\\
4437.6      &    0.142 & 0.024 & 0.024\\
4471.5 core & $-$0.146 & 0.008 & 0.011\\
4471.5 wing &    0.167 & 0.024 & 0.024\\
4713.2      & $-$0.001 & 0.010 & 0.012\\
5875.6      & $-$0.373 & 0.004 & 0.011\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=.98\linewidth]{aa25037-14-fig8.eps}
\caption{Departure coefficients $b_i$ of the $^4$He (full lines)
and the $^3$He levels (dotted lines) as a function of optical depth
for a model with $\varepsilon$($^4$He)\,=\,0.008 and
$\varepsilon$($^3$He)\,=\,0.002. Level designations or principal quantum
numbers $n$ of the levels are indicated. The dots mark the run of the \ion{He}{ii}
ground-state departure coefficient.}
\label{fig:departures}
\end{figure}
All the \ion{He}{i} lines that were analysed here have either the 2$p$\,$^1$P$^\circ$
or the 2$p$\,$^3$P$^\circ$ level as the lower transition level and
upper levels with a higher principal quantum number. Therefore, NLTE
strengthening of the lines can occur as the consequence of overpopulated lower and
underpopulated upper levels, depending on the formation
depth. The (stronger) red \ion{He}{i} lines are more sensitive to NLTE
effects also because of the pronounced response of the line-source function
to variations of the departure coefficients in the
Rayleigh-Jeans limit \citep[see e.g.][]{przybilla2004}. Even
small differences in level populations on the percent-level
can therefore result in fundamentally altered line strengths.

\section{Discussion}
Using abundances from lines of different strength -- which sample
the line-formation region to a different extent --, one can reconstruct the abundance profile,
that is, the vertical abundance stratification of an element in the atmosphere.
The run of the helium number fraction $\varepsilon$(He) with
optical depth in the atmosphere of $\kappa$\,Cnc
is shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:stratification}. The LTE analysis indicates
a step-like helium stratification, dropping in the region
$\log \tau_\mathrm{ross}$\,$\approx$\,0.2 to 0.1
from a high abundance of $\varepsilon$(He)\,$\approx$\,0.25
to a constant value of about half of that farther outward in the
atmosphere. On the other hand, the stratification derived from the NLTE
analysis implies a gradual decrease of the helium abundance with
decreasing optical depth, which is a qualitatively different behaviour.
The NLTE abundances are lower by almost a
factor 3 at the lowest optical depths that can be traced. Note that
while the formation regions of the weaker lines agree well
when computed under LTE and NLTE conditions, they can
differ by up to $\sim$0.1\,dex in $\log \tau_\mathrm{ross}$ for the stronger lines.
The LTE computations indicate a formation of the line cores farther out in the
atmosphere.

It would be highly interesting to know whether the two helium isotopes
follow the same stratification profile, or if differential
effects prevail. Unfortunately, with data from only two lines
this cannot be decided here with confidence.

Finally, it may be appropriate here to comment on NLTE effects in CP
stars in the general context, based on the present findings. The
helium lines in $\kappa$\,Cnc are weak because of the rather low
$T_\mathrm{eff}$ for populating the excited levels and because of the
low helium abundance that is due to gravitational settling. Nevertheless,
NLTE effects are found for all but
the weakest \ion{He}{i} lines, leading to changes in the derived
abundances relative to an LTE analysis by up to a factor $\sim$3.
On the other hand, most of the metals show large overabundances
because of radiative levitation, yielding spectral lines much stronger
than usually found in normal stars. The formation regions for
the strong lines extend to much lower optical depths than investigated
here, possibly giving rise to much stronger NLTE effects than
encountered in the present work. More NLTE studies for CP stars are
encouraged because this may have a significant effect on the results of
elemental abundance determinations and on the deduced
abundance stratifications.

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=.99\linewidth,height=5.8cm]{aa25037-14-fig9.eps}
\caption{Helium number fraction
as a function of Rosseland optical depth
in the atmosphere of $\kappa$\,Cnc (NLTE results: dots, LTE: circles).}
\label{fig:stratification}
\end{figure}

\begin{acknowledgements}
We thank V.~Schaffernroth for helping us to improve the normalization
of the observed spectrum. We also thank our anonymous referee for several
suggestions that helped to improve the manuscript.
NLM acknowledges a CONICET postdoc stipend and additional
financial support by CONICET under the `Programa de financiamiento
parcial de estad\'ias breves en el exterior para becarios
postdoctorales', and MFN an equal opportunity FFL stipend from the
University of Erlangen-Nuremberg. Financial support by the International
Relations Office to a research stay of NLM at University of Innsbruck is
gratefully acknowledged.
\end{acknowledgements}

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