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Riot Games® Terms of Service
Greetings players,
These terms of service (the "Terms") set out the terms and conditions by which Riot Games offers you access to use and enjoy our games, apps, websites and other services (the "Riot Services"). Riot Games is a global gaming company headquartered in Los Angeles with offices and operations around the world. When we say "Riot Games," we're referring to the Riot Games entity responsible for providing the Riot Services in your region (see Section 19, below) and these Terms are an agreement between you and that entity.
Please read these Terms carefully and pay particular attention to these items:
Dispute Resolution. If you reside in the United States, please read the binding arbitration clause and class action waiver in Part A of Section 17. It affects how disputes between us are resolved.
Virtual Content. When you click to purchase, earn or are gifted Virtual Content, you only get a license to access Virtual Content. You have no ownership in any of the Virtual Content you unlock and you can't transfer it to someone else. Virtual Content has no monetary value, is generally game specific and you can't redeem Virtual Content for any type of "real world" money.
Refund Policy. You lose the right to change your mind, cancel the order and get a refund if you get immediate access to or download your digital content. There are some exceptions to this rule, but we have a strict policy on refunds. Read about it here.
User Rules. You agree to follow our User Rules (Section 7). These rules govern both in-game behavior and certain out-of-game conduct while using the Riot Services.
Attention Parents!
We provide game rating info on our website about age appropriateness. We also encourage you to supervise your child's online activities, review the content they are accessing and, as appropriate, monitor their social interactions. For more info on game ratings and content descriptors, please check your local ratings system.
ACCOUNT TERMINATION
VIRTUAL GOODS, GAME CURRENCY AND PURCHASES
UNSOLICITED IDEA SUBMISSION POLICY
USER RULES
MONITORING & ANTI-CHEAT
UPDATES AND MODIFICATIONS
ADDITIONAL TERMS APPLICABLE TO RIOT SERVICES
RIOT LEGAL ENTITIES
1.1. Am I eligible to create an account and use the Riot Services? (You either must be an adult or have permission from your parents or legal guardian.)
You'll need a Riot Games account to access many of our services. To create an account and use the Riot Services, you must: (i) be an adult; (ii) be an emancipated minor; or (iii) have valid parent or legal guardian consent to be bound by these Terms. If you're not an adult or emancipated minor, or don't understand this Section, please talk to your parents or legal guardian and ask for help. If you are the parent or legal guardian of a minor who creates an account with us, you and the minor accept and agree to be bound by these Terms. You are also responsible for all use of the account and compliance with these Terms by the minor, including all purchases made on the account. You may not create or use an account or use any of the Riot Services on behalf of any other person or other legal entity or for a commercial purpose.
1.2. How can I create an account? (On our website or by using social authentication.)
You can create an account with unique login credentials on our websites or by logging into the Riot Services with an existing social media account (if applicable).
1.3. Do I need to provide my real name and stuff? (Yes. Please don't try to pull any kind of "Definitely Not Blitzcrank" or "Definitely Not Udyr" funny business.)
You must always supply us with accurate and complete info including your real name.
1.4. I have a ton of different email accounts. Does it matter which one I use to register my account? (Yes. Otherwise, you might miss important notices!)
We send account, legal and service related notices to the email address registered to your account. These notifications may be really important (e.g., a notification that we intend to terminate your account for inactivity) so you must keep the email address associated with your account current and (if we ask) verified. If you create an account by logging in to the Riot Services with a social media account, your Riot Games account email will be the email address associated with that social media account.
1.5. Can I share or sell my account or login credentials? (No.)
When you create an account with us, we require you to select a unique username and password (collectively, your "Login Credentials"). You agree that:
You can't share your account or Login Credentials with anyone.
You can't sell, transfer or allow any other person to access your account or Login Credentials, or offer to do so.
You must keep your Login Credentials secret.
You must notify us immediately if you become aware of any breach of security, including any unauthorized account access or any loss, theft or unauthorized use or disclosure of your Login Credentials or payment info so we can take appropriate steps. You are responsible for all losses (including loss or use of Virtual Content) on your account where you have shared your Login Credentials or have failed to keep your account or Login Credentials secure.
2. ACCOUNT TERMINATION
2.1. How can my account be suspended or terminated? (If you break the rules, Demacian Justice will be visited upon your account!)
2.1.1. You. You may terminate or suspend your account at any time by contacting us at support@riotgames.com.
2.1.2. Us. We may terminate or suspend your account without notice to you if we reasonably determine, that:
you have breached any part of these Terms (including the User Rules);
doing so would be in the best interests of our community or the Riot Services or is required for upholding a third party's rights;
we have stopped offering the Riot Services in your region (though we'll normally post advance notice on our website, app or game if we plan to stop offering a material core feature of a game or all of the Riot Services in your region);
you have failed to pay any fees you owe us (except in cases of our gross negligence or willful misconduct) or we have to refund someone due to unauthorized use of a payment made from your account; or
you have (or we have reasonable grounds for suspecting that you have) made unauthorized use of someone else's payment info.
We can make such determinations, with the assistance of automated systems and machine learning tools or by using other methods that we think are appropriate. If you think that we have made a mistake, please Contact Us with details and we will review your case, though we may suspend your account during our review. You can also challenge our determinations (see Section 17).
2.2. Will Riot maintain my account forever, even if I stop using it? (If you abandon your account for a very long period of time, we may terminate it after giving you notice and an opportunity to re-activate it.)
If you do not use your account for a prolonged period of time, we reserve the right to take measures against your account, including suspension or termination. If we plan to take measures against your account based on prolonged period of inactivity, we will let you know first (e.g., by email to the email address registered to your account) and give you ample opportunity to avoid such measures (e.g., deletion of your account).
2.3. What happens if Riot terminates my account? (No games for you and you will lose access to any purchases including Game Currency and Virtual Goods.)
If your account is terminated, you'll no longer have access to your account, including any of the associated data or Virtual Content (including Game Currency) (though this does not limit or affect any rights you have under data or consumer protection laws). Where we terminate for a legitimate reason (e.g. where you have breached these Terms):
you'll not be entitled to any refunds and we'll have no liability to you; and
we also reserve the right to terminate any other accounts you may have created, as well as your access to any other Riot Services (also without any refunds or liability to you).
You understand and agree that using the Riot Services comes with the risk that your account may be terminated or suspended in accordance with these Terms and that, whenever you use the Riot Services, you'll bear this risk in mind and always conduct yourself appropriately.
3.1. What can I do with the Riot Services? (You can enjoy the Riot Services for your own, personal, non-commercial use.)
We grant you a limited, non-exclusive, non-transferable, revocable license to use and enjoy the Riot Services (and any Virtual Content) for your individual, non-commercial, entertainment purposes only and expressly conditioned upon your compliance with these Terms. If we terminate your account, any license granted by us to you in the Riot Services and any Virtual Content ends immediately. Unless otherwise expressly authorized by us in a signed written contract, you may not sell, copy, exchange, loan, reverse engineer, decompile, derive source code from, translate, lease, grant a security interest in, transfer, publish, assign or otherwise distribute any of the Riot Services or any of Riot Games' intellectual property, including any of our computer code or Virtual Content.
3.2. Can I do stuff with Riot's intellectual property? (We reserve all the rights to our IP, but do allow for some personal, non-commercial uses, like fan art.)
We (and our licensors) own and reserve all rights, title and interest in and to the Riot Services, and all data and content posted, generated, provided or otherwise made available in or through the Riot Services, including, user accounts, computer code, titles, objects, artifacts, characters, character names, chat logs, game recordings and broadcasts, locations, location names, stories, dialog, catch phrases, artwork, graphics, structural or landscape designs, animations, sounds, musical compositions and recordings, virtual goods, in-game currency, audio-visual effects, character likenesses, methods of operation and gameplay (collectively, "Game Content"). For clarity, Game Content includes Virtual Content. You can't create any work of authorship based on the Game Content or Riot Services except as expressly permitted by us. For more info about what fan uses we currently permit, please read our Legal Jibber Jabber policy (though be aware that we change this from time to time -- and for certain regions where we partner with third party publishers, the publisher's terms of service may supersede provisions in the policy).
You also agree that unless we grant you a license, in a written contract signed by us, you may never use any of our trademarks, service marks, trade names, logos, domain names, taglines, or trade dress. Any reproduction, redistribution, or modification of the Riot Services, or use of the Riot Services not in accordance with these Terms, is expressly prohibited and may result in severe civil and/or criminal penalties.
4. VIRTUAL GOODS, GAME CURRENCY AND PURCHASES
4.1. What is Virtual Content? (Virtual content includes stuff like game currency and virtual goods, such as champions, skins, emotes, accessories, etc.)
When using the Riot Services, we may provide you with opportunities to acquire a limited license to access virtual goods, such as champions, skins, emotes, etc., ("Virtual Goods") and in-game currency ("Game Currency"), associated with your account (collectively, "Virtual Content").
Game Currency may only be used for the specific game for which it was purchased unless we say otherwise at the time of purchase.
4.2. How do I get a "license" to access Virtual Content? (Buy it, earn it, or receive it.)
We may provide you with various opportunities to acquire a limited license to access Game Currency or Virtual Content, including:
purchasing it (e.g., with a credit card);
earning it (e.g., by accomplishing game missions or tasks); or
receiving it (e.g., from another player as a gift or using crafting functionality like Hextech®).
4.3. Do I "own" the Virtual Content I unlock? (No. What you "unlock" is not the virtual good itself, but rather, a non-transferable limited license to access it.)
You have no ownership or other property interest in any of the Virtual Content you unlock, regardless of how you acquired access to it. Virtual Content has no monetary value. You can't transfer (unless we allow it in the functionality of the Riot Services) or redeem Virtual Content for any type of "real world" money. You can't obtain any refunds for purchasing a license to access Virtual Content, except as expressly permitted by us. You can find our current content refund policy here.
4.4. Once again: I don't own my Virtual Content? ("No!" shouted all the lawyers.)
When you obtain Virtual Content from us, what we are actually giving you is a personal, non-exclusive, non-transferable, non-sublicenseable, revocable, limited right and license to use that Virtual Content only in connection with your use of the applicable Riot Services.
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in these Terms, you acknowledge and agree that you shall have no ownership or other property interest in your account, and that all rights in and to your account are and shall forever be owned by and inure to the benefit of Riot Games. You further acknowledge and agree that you have no title, ownership, or other proprietary interest in any Virtual Content, regardless of any consideration offered or paid in exchange. Furthermore, except in cases of willful misconduct or gross negligence, or to the extent these Terms say otherwise, Riot Games shall not be liable in any manner for the destruction, deletion, modification, impairment, hacking, or any other damage or loss of any kind caused to Virtual Content, including the deletion of Virtual Content upon the termination or expiration of your account or our reasonable changes to the Riot Services.
4.5. Will my Virtual Content always be available? (Not necessarily, no.)
In an effort to constantly improve the Riot Services, evolve our games and keep the Riot Services, safe, fun, and secure, we have the right to delete, alter, move, remove, re-package, re-price, or transfer any and all Game Content, including Virtual Content, in whole or in part, at any time, with or without notice to you, and with no liability of any kind to you. For example, your Virtual Goods may (and likely will) evolve over time to improve the Riot Services or for regulatory or legal reasons. If we decide to entirely retire certain Virtual Goods that you recently purchased, we will provide you with a replacement. We won't delete your Game Currency without notice (such as through posts on our website, app or game), unless your account is terminated by us for a legitimate reason or by you under Section 2.1.1. We may sometimes change the purchasing power of Game Currency (for example, we might increase the number of Game Currency needed to purchase Virtual Goods, such as skins). We normally only do this in incremental steps but we'll give you notice (such as through posts on our website, app or game) if we plan to make changes that will significantly impact your Game Currency in a negative way. We don't provide or guarantee, and expressly disclaim, any value, cash or otherwise, attributed to any data residing on servers we operate or control, including any Game Content or Virtual Content attributed to your account. If we allow the sale or transfer of your right to access certain Game Content or Virtual Content, it may only be conducted via services approved or provided by us, if any.
5. FEES & TAXES
5.1. Is everything about the Riot Services free? (No.)
Some aspects of the Riot Services may require you to pay a fee, and you agree that you'll provide accurate and complete payment info to us or the third-party payment provider used by us. You further agree to pay all fees and applicable taxes incurred on your account. We may revise the pricing for any part of the Riot Services at any time. This can impact on the purchasing power of your Game Currency, though we normally only do this in incremental steps. All fees and charges are payable in accordance with payment terms in effect at the time the fee or the charge becomes due and payable. We may, from time to time, modify, amend, or supplement our fees and fee-billing methods, and such changes shall be effective immediately upon posting in these Terms or elsewhere on our websites, apps or in our games. Except in cases of our gross negligence or willful misconduct, if you fail to pay any fees you owe to us or we have to refund someone due to unauthorized use of a payment made from your account, we may suspend or terminate your account. See Section 2 (Account Termination) for more info.
Subject to applicable law, any applicable fees and other charges for fee-based services (including Game Currency) are payable in advance and aren't refundable in whole or in part except as expressly provided in these Terms. Except in cases of Riot's gross negligence, or willful misconduct or to the extent these Terms say otherwise, you're fully liable for all charges to your account, including any unauthorized charges.
5.2. What are my responsibilities relating to Game Currency? (Pay applicable taxes; verify that all transactions with us are correct, etc.)
You're solely responsible for paying any applicable taxes related to acquiring, using, or accessing Game Currency. Game Currency may be sold or issued by us in bundles and the price may vary depending on the amount you purchase and where you're purchasing. As we feel it necessary, in our reasonable discretion (or as prescribed by law), we may limit the total amount of Game Currency that may be purchased for any one game or that may be held in your account in the aggregate. Additionally, price and availability of Game Currency and Virtual Goods are subject to change. We may restrict how much Game Currency you can purchase and/or use based on your location as we have different approaches in different locations.
You should verify that the proper amount of Game Currency has been added to or deducted from your account during any given transaction. Please notify us immediately if you believe that a mistake has been made with respect to your Game Currency balance. We'll investigate your claim, and in doing so, may request some additional info to verify it.
6. UNSOLICITED IDEA SUBMISSION POLICY
6.1. Can I submit ideas for improving the Game to Riot? (Please don't. If you do anyways, we'll have the absolute right to use it forever.)
We value your feedback on the Riot Services, but please don't submit any creative ideas, suggestions or materials to us (collectively, "Unsolicited Ideas"). We may freely use any Unsolicited Ideas you provide. This policy is aimed at avoiding potential misunderstandings or disputes when the Riot Services might seem similar to Unsolicited Ideas that people submit.
You may not have any legal rights in the Unsolicited Ideas you insist on sending to us, but if you do, we will be allowed to use all or some of your Unsolicited Ideas for any reason we choose and without any payment to you.
In legal terms, this means that if you submit Unsolicited Ideas to us, then you grant us a worldwide, perpetual, irrevocable, sublicenseable, transferable, assignable, non-exclusive, and royalty-free right and license to use, reproduce, distribute, adapt, modify, translate, create derivative works based upon, publicly perform, publicly display, digitally perform, make, have made, sell, offer for sale, and import your Unsolicited Ideas, including all copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets, patents, designs, industrial rights, and all other intellectual and proprietary rights related to them, in any media now known or in the future developed, for any purpose whatsoever, commercial or otherwise, including giving the Unsolicited Ideas to others, without any compensation to you. To the extent necessary, you agree that you undertake to execute and deliver any and all documents and perform any and all actions necessary or desirable to ensure that the rights to use the Unsolicited Ideas granted to us as specified above are valid, effective, and enforceable and you waive and agree never to assert those rights to the maximum extent permitted by the laws of your jurisdiction.
7. USER RULES
7.1. Can I troll, flame, threaten or harass people while using the Riot Services? (No. If you do, we might take action such as banning your account.)
While using the Riot Services, you must comply with all laws, rules and regulations in the jurisdiction in which you reside. You must also comply with the acceptable use and behavioral policies that we publish from time to time on our websites, apps and games and the behavioral rules listed below (collectively the "User Rules"). The User Rules posted to our websites, apps and games or set out in this Section are not meant to be exhaustive, and we reserve the right to modify them, as well as take appropriate disciplinary measures including temporary bans, account suspension or termination and deletion to protect the integrity and spirit of the Riot Services, regardless of whether a specific behavior is listed in the User Rules as inappropriate.
The following are examples of behavior that warrant disciplinary measures:
Impersonating any person, business or entity, including an employee of Riot Games, or communicating in any way that makes it appear that the communication originates from Riot Games;
Publicly posting identifying info about yourself, Riot Games employees, or other players;
Harassing, stalking or threatening other players or Riot Games employees;
Removing, altering or concealing any copyright, trademark, patent or other proprietary rights notice of Riot Games contained within the Riot Services. You also may not transmit content that violates or infringes the rights of others, including patent, trademark, trade secret, copyright, publicity, personal rights or other rights;
Transmitting or communicating any content which we reasonably believe to be offensive to players, including language that is unlawful, harmful, threatening, abusive, harassing, defamatory, vulgar, obscene, sexually explicit, or racially, ethically, or otherwise objectionable;
Transmitting or facilitating the transmission of any content that contains a virus, corrupted data, trojan horse, bot keystroke logger, worm, time bomb, cancelbot or other computer programming routines that are intended to and/or actually damage, detrimentally interfere with, surreptitiously intercept or mine, scrape or expropriate any system, data or personal info;
Avoiding, bypassing, removing, deactivating, impairing, descrambling or otherwise circumventing any technological measure implemented by Riot or any third party to protect or control access to the Riot Services or any part thereof;
Spamming chat, whether for personal or commercial purposes, by disrupting the flow of conversation with repeated postings;
Participating in any action which we reasonably believe does or may defraud any other player, including by scamming or social engineering;
Using any unauthorized third party programs, including mods, hacks, cheats, scripts, bots, trainers and automation programs that interact with the Riot Services in any way, for any purpose, including any unauthorized third party programs that intercept, emulate, or redirect any communication relating to the Riot Services and any unauthorized third party programs that collect info about the Riot Services by reading areas of memory used by the Riot Services to store info;
Accessing or attempting to access areas of the Riot Services that are not made available to the public;
Selecting an account or user name that is falsely indicative of an association with Riot Games, contains personally identifying info, or that is offensive, defamatory, vulgar, obscene, sexually explicit, racially, ethnically, or otherwise objectionable. You may not use a misspelling or an alternative spelling to circumvent this restriction on name choices, like user names. Riot Games may modify any name which Riot Games reasonably believes violates this provision, without notification to you, and may take further disciplinary measures, including account termination for repeated violations;
Non-participation, logging out or exiting a game during live game-play. Riot Games may track this data over time and issue a temporary ban when a player is determined to have left mid-game too many times. The length of the temporary ban will increase over time if a particular account continues to leave live game play;
Playing on another person's account or otherwise engaging in activity intended to "boost" an account's status or rank;
Inducing or encouraging others to breach the User Rules or these Terms; or
Using the Riot Services for any business purpose without our express written consent or after we've asked you to stop using the Riot Services.
8. USER GENERATED CONTENT
8.1. Am I responsible for the content that I post on/in the Riot Services? (Yes, and we can use what you post.)
Apart from Unsolicited Ideas (which we address separately, in Section 6, above), you're also responsible for any other communications, user names, images, sounds, or other material and info that you create, upload, use or transmit with or through the Riot Services ("Your Content").
You should upload or transmit Your Content only if you agree that:
You grant us, from the time of uploading or transmission of Your Content, a worldwide, perpetual, irrevocable, sublicenseable, non-exclusive and royalty-free right and license to use, reproduce, distribute, adapt, modify, translate, create derivative works based upon, publicly perform, publicly display, digitally perform, make, have made, and import Your Content, including, all copyrights, publicity rights, trademarks, trade secrets, patents, industrial rights and all other intellectual and proprietary rights related to them, for the purpose of providing the Riot Services without any compensation to you;
You waive any moral rights you may have in Your Content with respect to our use of Your Content to the maximum extent permitted by the laws of your jurisdiction. If local laws do not allow for waiver of moral rights, instead you grant Riot Games the right to use Your Content and all elements of Your Content with or without your name or pseudonym, as well as to freely edit Your Content.
You represent, warrant and agree that none of Your Content will be subject to any obligation, whether of confidentiality, attribution or otherwise, on the part of Riot Games and Riot Games won't be liable for any use or disclosure of Your Content.
You further represent, warrant and agree that Your Content shall not violate any third-party rights.
9. MONITORING & ANTI-CHEAT
9.1. Does Riot monitor me while using the Riot Services? (Yes. Please read the Privacy Notice to learn more.)
We may actively monitor the use of the Riot Services (but have no obligation to do so), both on our own servers and on your computer or device, for a wide variety of different purposes, including preventing cheating and hacking, reducing toxic player behavior, and improving the Riot Services. Please be sure to read our Privacy Notice for important details about how we obtain and process info in connection with your use of the Riot Services.
9.2. Does Riot run programs on my device while I'm not using the Riot Services? (We may, for limited anti-cheat purposes.)
In order to prevent cheating and hacking, we may require you to install anti-cheat software. This software may run in the background of your device.
10. UPDATES AND MODIFICATIONS
10.1. Will these Terms change in the future? (Yes.)
We may (and probably will) create updated versions of these Terms in the future as the Riot Services and applicable laws evolve. When we do, we'll inform you of the new agreement which will supersede and replace these Terms. You'll be given an opportunity to review any new agreement we present to you and decide whether you wish to agree to the revised terms. If you accept the new agreement, you'll be able to continue using the Riot Services. If you decline the new agreement, you won't be able to use the Riot Services anymore.
10.2. Will the Riot Services stay the same? (No. Like Kha'zix, they will evolve.)
In an effort to constantly improve the Riot Services, evolve our games and keep the Riot Services, safe, fun, and secure, you agree that we may change, modify, update, suspend, "nerf," or restrict your access to any features or parts of the Riot Services, including Virtual Goods (e.g., we might change some features of Virtual Goods for regulatory or legal reasons or to improve the game experience), and may require that you download and install software and updates to any software required to support the Riot Services, at any time without liability to you. You also understand and agree that any such changes or updates to the Riot Services might change the system specifications necessary to play our games, and in such a case, you, and not Riot Games, are responsible for purchasing any necessary additional software or hardware in order to access and play our games. You also understand and agree that we may use background patching to automatically update our games and software with or without notice to you.
11. LINKS
11.1. What about links in the Riot Services? Are those Safe? (Like Bard's magical journeys, you might find something dangerous waiting for you on the other side. Proceed with caution….)
The Riot Services may contain links to websites operated by other parties. Again, we do not own or operate those other websites. We provide these links to you as a convenience, or other users might be posting these links as user-provided content. Use these links and the corresponding external websites at your own risk. We don't control the linked sites, and we're not responsible for the content available there. Such links don't imply our endorsement of info or material on any other site, and we disclaim all liability with regard to your access to and use of such linked websites.
12. NOTICE AND PROCEDURE FOR CLAIMS OF COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT
12.1. What should I do if someone is infringing my copyrighted work in the Riot Services? (Send us a copyright take-down notice.)
Riot Games respects copyright law and expects its users to do the same. It is our policy to terminate accounts in appropriate circumstances of users who infringe or are believed to infringe the rights of copyright holders. Riot Games will respond expeditiously to claims of copyright infringement committed using the Riot Games website or other online network accessible through a mobile device or other type of device (the "Sites") that are reported to Riot Games' Designated Copyright Agent, identified in the sample notice below.
If you're a copyright owner, are authorized to act on behalf of one, or authorized to act under any exclusive right under copyright, please report alleged copyright infringements taking place on or through the Sites by submitting a notice that contains all of the following:
Identify the copyrighted work that you claim has been infringed, or - if multiple copyrighted works are covered by this Notice - you may provide a representative list of the copyrighted works that you claim have been infringed.
Identify the material that you claim is infringing (or to be the subject of infringing activity) and that is to be removed or access to which is to be disabled, and information reasonably sufficient to permit us to locate the material, including at a minimum, if applicable, the URL of the link shown on the Site(s) where such material may be found.
Provide your mailing address, telephone number, and, if available, email address.
Include both of the following statements in the body of the Notice:
"I hereby state that I have a good faith belief that the disputed use of the copyrighted material is not authorized by the copyright owner, its agent, or the law (e.g., as a fair use)."
"I hereby state that the information in this Notice is accurate and[, under penalty of perjury,]* that I am the owner, or authorized to act on behalf of the owner, of the copyright or of an exclusive right under the copyright that is allegedly infringed."
Provide your full legal name and your electronic or physical signature.
* You only need to include this language if you live in the United States of America.
Deliver this notice ("Notice"), with all items completed, to Riot Games' Copyright Agent to the address of the Riot Games entity responsible for providing the Riot Services in your region (see Section 19). Be sure to mark it "Attn: Copyright Agent" (and not "Attn: Legal Dept) so it gets to the right person quickly. You can send your Notice instead by email to: copyright@riotgames.com. This email address is intended solely for the receipt of copyright take-down notices and not for general inquiries or requests of Riot Games. Attachments cannot be accepted at the email address for security reasons. Accordingly, any Notice submitted electronically with an attachment will not be received or processed.
Please note that the Notices are legal notices and that Riot Games may provide copies of such notices to the participants in the dispute or to third parties, at its discretion or as required by law. Upon receipt of such a Notice, Riot Games will take whatever action, in its sole discretion, it deems appropriate, including removal of the challenged material from the Sites.
13. WARRANTY DISCLAIMER
13.1. Does Riot make any warranties about the Riot Services? (It depends where you are - prepare for some more lawyer shouting!)
You assume all responsibility for the installation and use of, and results obtained from the Riot Services (no matter where you are based).
Also, if you are based in North, Central or South America:
The Riot Services are provided to you on an "as is" and "as available" basis without warranties or representations of any kind, express or implied. You assume all responsibility for your use of the Riot Services. To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, Riot Games disclaims all warranties, express or implied, which might apply to the Riot Services, including implied warranties of title, non-infringement, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, any warranties that may arise from course of dealing, course of performance or usage of trade, and any warranties as to the accuracy, reliability or quality of any content or info contained within the Riot Services.
14.1. If someone sues Riot based on my use or misuse of the Riot Services, do I have to pay for Riot's legal expenses? (Yes.)
To the extent permitted by law, except in cases involving our gross negligence or willful misconduct, you hereby agree to indemnify, defend and hold harmless Riot Games and its subsidiaries, affiliates, officers and directors from and against any and all claims, lawsuits, losses, liabilities and costs that arise or result from your misuse of the Riot Services, any violation by you of any of the provisions of these Terms (for example, if you use any hacks, cheats or bots with the Riot Services or you infringe our IP rights), or any infringement by you of any third party's rights. Riot Games reserves the right, at its own expense and in its sole and absolute discretion, to assume the exclusive defense and control of any matter otherwise subject to indemnification by you, in which event you'll cooperate with Riot Games in asserting any available defenses.
For example, if you use the Riot Services as part of a business operation (something you're not allowed to do) and we get sued because of something you do in breach of these Terms, you'll have to defend us in court and pay for any damages we incur.
15.1. Is there a limit on Riot's potential liability under these Terms? (Yes.)
To the extent permitted by law, our total liability to you (whether for breach of this contract, negligence or for any other reason whatever) for any loss, harm or damage suffered by you in connection with your downloading, use and/or access of the Riot Services is limited to the total amounts paid by you to Riot during the six (6) months immediately prior to the time your cause of action first arose.
We only make the Riot Services available for domestic and private use. We are not liable for business losses (such as any loss of profit, loss of business, business interruption, loss of goodwill or loss of business opportunity). We also won't have responsibility for any damage which arises because you failed to install any update when it is made available by Riot Games or where you fail to maintain the minimum system specifications required. Separately, we are not responsible for: (i) any loss that was not foreseeable at the time you entered into these Terms; or (ii) any loss that we both knew might happen only because of your special circumstances existing at the time you entered into these Terms (including all indirect damages).
Despite anything else we say in these Terms, WE DO NOT EXCLUDE OR LIMIT IN ANY WAY OUR LIABILITY TO YOU WHERE IT WOULD BE UNLAWFUL TO DO SO, including our liability for: (i) death or personal injury arising from our negligence; (ii) our fraud or fraudulent misrepresentation; (iii) willful or grossly negligent behavior; (iv) for damage arising from a negligent breach of an obligation that is essential for the performance of the contract by Riot Games ("Cardinal Duties") to the extent that is typical and foreseeable; (v) for any guarantee given by us to you; or (vi) for any liability under a jurisdiction's applicable product liability legislation.
You may also have specific rights under local law in addition to those set out above.
16.1. What law applies to these Terms or if we get into a dispute? (That depends on where you live and what Riot Games entity provides you with Riot Services.)
Please review below to determine what law applies to your use of the Riot Services. Irrespective of this choice-of-law, you may have the benefit of other or additional mandatory rights or remedies provided by local law in addition to those set out in these Terms. Nothing in these Terms limits or affects those rights.
If you live in North, Central or South America (excluding Brazil)
These Terms and any action arising out of or in connection with these Terms will be governed by the Federal Arbitration Act with respect to Section 17 "Dispute Resolution," and the laws of the State of California, without regard to its conflict of laws provisions. Except as otherwise expressly set out in Section 17 "Dispute Resolution," the exclusive jurisdiction for all disputes that you and Riot Games are not required to arbitrate will be the state and federal courts located in the Los Angeles County, California, and you and Riot Games each waive any objection to jurisdiction and venue in such courts.
If you live in South Korea
These Terms and any action arising out of or in connection with these Terms shall be governed by the laws of Korea.
If you live in Japan
These Terms and any action arising out of or in connection with these Terms shall be governed by the laws of Japan.
If you live in Singapore, Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia and Cambodia ("SEA")
These Terms and any action arising out of or in connection with these Terms shall be governed by the laws of Singapore.
If you live in the European Economic Area, UK, Brazil or any country that isn't listed in this Section 16
These Terms and any action arising out of or in connection with these Terms shall be governed by, and will be construed under, the laws of Ireland, without regard to conflict of law principles.
17. DISPUTE RESOLUTION
17.1. I have an issue that I haven't been able to sort out with Riot Games. What's the path to resolving this dispute? (That depends on where you live)
If you live in:
North, Central or South America (except for Brazil), you'll be contracting and dealing with Riot Games Inc. and you need to read Part A (General Dispute Resolution Terms) and Part B of this Section;
South Korea, you'll be contracting and dealing with Riot Games Korea Limited and you need to read Part A (General Dispute Resolution Terms) and Part C of this Section;
Japan, you'll be contracting and dealing with Riot Games, LLC and you need to read Part A (General Dispute Resolution Terms) and Part D of this Section;
SEA, you'll be contracting and dealing with Riot Games Services PTE. LTD. and you need to read Part A (General Dispute Resolution Terms) and Part E of this Section; or
The European Economic Area, UK, Brazil or any other region/country that isn't listed above, you'll be contracting and dealing with Riot Games Limited and you need to read Part A (General Dispute Resolution Terms). If you are based in the EU, Part F of this Section will also apply.
Part A: General Dispute Resolution (no matter where you live)
17.2. If we have a dispute, can we 1 v 1 instead? (No, we should negotiate first.)
Disputes can be expensive and time consuming for both parties (justice doesn't come on swift wings outside Valoran). In an effort to accelerate resolution and reduce the cost of any dispute or claim related to these Terms ("Claim"), you and Riot Games agree to first attempt to informally negotiate any Claim for at least thirty (30) days (except as set out in Section 17.4 below).
17.3. How does negotiation get started? (One of us sends the other one a written notification describing the situation and relief sought.)
Riot Games will send its notice to the email address associated with your account. If you don't have an account with Riot Games, we will send the notice to the email address which you used to write to us about the Claim. You must send your notice to the Riot Games entity that is responsible for providing the Riot Services to you (see Section 19 for contact details). Please note that this informal resolution procedure does not suspend any statutory limitation periods applicable to the bringing of a Claim.
17.4. What claims are we agreeing to submit to negotiation? (Depends on the type of dispute)
To the maximum extent permitted under applicable law and without limiting your statutory rights to initiate a court proceeding, you and Riot Games agree that the following Claims are not subject to the other provisions in this Part A concerning negotiations: (i) any Claims seeking to enforce or protect, or concerning the validity of, any of your or Riot Games' intellectual property rights; (ii) any Claim related to, or arising from, allegations of theft, piracy, invasion of privacy or unauthorized use; and (iii) any Claim for equitable relief (such as an injunction). In addition, either party may assert an individual action in small claims court for Claims that are within the scope of such courts' jurisdiction instead of litigation.
Part B: Dispute Resolution for North, Central or South America (excluding Brazil)
17.5. What the heck is arbitration? (A private dispute resolution method. No courtrooms or juries.)
Arbitration is an alternative dispute resolution process in which the parties agree to have their disputes decided by a neutral third party and not by a sitting judge or jury. Arbitration allows parties to resolve their disputes privately and without the formality of going to court. Arbitration follows different procedural rules than a court would, and is subject to very limited review by courts.
17.6. Will arbitration allow for the same type of relief as a court? (Yes.)
The arbitrator shall have the power to award any type of legal or equitable relief that would be available in a court of competent jurisdiction. The arbitrator's decision (called an "Award") will consist of a written statement stating the disposition of each claim and provide a concise written statement of the essential findings and conclusions on which the Award is based. The Award will be final and binding upon the parties, may be confirmed by a court of competent jurisdiction, and then enforced like any other court order or judgment.
17.7. What claims are we agreeing to submit to arbitration? (Almost everything.)
Any dispute, claim or controversy arising out of or related to these Terms or the Riot Services shall be resolved exclusively by private, binding arbitration, rather than in court, except that qualifying small claims may be submitted in small claims court and either party may seek emergency, provisional relief before the appointment of an arbitrator as specified in Section 17.14, below. This means that, except for qualifying small claims actions and emergency situations covered by Section 17.14 below, you and Riot Games each waive the right to bring such claims to court, including the right to a jury trial.
17.8. Can I bring a class or collective action claim? (No. Sorry for more lawyer-shouting, but this is very important.)
You and Riot Games agree that each of us may bring claims against the other only on an individual basis and not as a plaintiff or class member in any purported class or representative action or proceeding. Unless both you and Riot Games agree otherwise, the arbitrator may not consolidate or join more than one person's or party's claims, and may not otherwise preside over any form of a consolidated, representative, or class proceeding. Also, the arbitrator may award relief (including monetary, injunctive, and declaratory relief) only in favor of the individual party seeking relief and only to the extent necessary to provide relief necessitated by that party's individual claim(s).
17.9. What issues will the arbitrator decide? (Pretty much everything.)
The arbitrator shall decide all issues in dispute between you and Riot Games.
17.10. Who will administer the arbitration? (JAMS, using its "Comprehensive Arbitration Rules.")
The arbitration shall be administered by JAMS pursuant to its Comprehensive Arbitration Rules and Procedures ("JAMS Rules"). A sole arbitrator shall be selected pursuant to these rules. Judgment on the Award may be entered in any court having jurisdiction.
17.11. How does arbitration get started? (One of us sends the other one and JAMS a written notification describing the situation and relief sought.)
Either party may commence an arbitration proceeding. The party commencing the arbitration is called the "claimant." A party who wishes to start arbitration must submit a written Demand for Arbitration to JAMS and give notice to the other party. JAMS provides a form Demand for Arbitration on its website.
17.12. Who's gonna pay for the arbitration? (We pay filing fees for lesser claims, but you have to pay filing fees for larger claims. We won't seek attorney fees for arbitration from you unless your claim is found to be frivolous.)
Payment of all filing, administration and arbitrator fees will be governed by the JAMS Rules. We'll pay for all filing, administration and arbitrator fees and expenses if your dispute is for less than $10,000, unless the arbitrator finds your dispute frivolous. If we prevail in arbitration we'll pay all of our attorneys' fees and costs and won't seek to recover them from you. If you prevail in arbitration you will be entitled to an award of attorneys' fees and expenses to the extent provided under applicable law.
17.13. Where and how will the arbitration take place? (Over the phone, in writing, or in your hometown—your choice.)
You may choose to have the arbitration conducted by telephone, based on written submissions, in person in the county where you live, or at another mutually agreed location.
17.14. What about intellectual property infringement? (Either party may go to court for the limited purpose of seeking a "provisional" remedy.)
Either party may seek emergency provisional remedies, including injunctive or similar relief, pursuant to the JAMS rules or from a court of competent jurisdiction located in Los Angeles County, California, where necessary to protect that party's rights and interests for the infringement or misappropriation of intellectual property rights pending the appointment of an arbitrator.
17.15. Can either of us tell our friends and Twitter followers about the arbitration? (Nope.)
You and Riot Games agree that any dispute, claim or controversy that has been submitted to arbitration, and all related proceedings including any settlement agreement, shall be kept confidential. However, the prevailing party in any arbitration may file the arbitration Award with any court of competent jurisdiction in order to have that Award confirmed in a court order or judgment.
17.16. What if part of this agreement to arbitrate isn't enforceable? (The rest stays—we keep as much of it as can be enforced under the law.)
You and Riot Games agree that if any part of this arbitration agreement is declared unenforceable, that part shall be severed and the remainder of this arbitration agreement shall be given full force and effect. However, if Section 17.8, above (entitled, "Can I bring a class action claim?"), or any part of it is found to be unenforceable, then this entire arbitration agreement (i.e., all of Part A of Section 17) shall be severed from these Terms and all claims between you and Riot Games shall be exclusively decided by a court located in Los Angeles County, California as set out in the relevant part of Section 16 above.
Part C: Dispute Resolution for South Korea
Any dispute arising under these Terms or Riot Services will be brought in the court having jurisdiction in accordance with the Code of Korean Civil Procedure.
Part D: Dispute Resolution for Japan
The Tokyo District Court shall have the exclusive jurisdiction in the first instance over any dispute between Riot Games and you arising out of, or in connection with, these Terms or any Riot Services.
Part E: Dispute Resolution for SEA
Any dispute, controversy, claim or difference of any kind whatsoever arising out of or in connection with these Terms or Riot Services shall be referred to and finally resolved by arbitration administered by the Singapore International Arbitration Centre ("SIAC") in accordance with the Arbitration Rules of the Singapore International Arbitration Centre ("SIAC Rules") for the time being in force, which rules are deemed to be incorporated by reference in this Section. The seat of the arbitration shall be Singapore. The Tribunal shall consist of three (3) arbitrators and the language of the arbitration shall be English.
Part F: Dispute Resolution for EEA Residents
17.17. Do I have other dispute resolution options?
If you live in the EEA, you may refer the dispute to the European Commission's Online Dispute Resolution Platform (see ec.europa.eu/consumers/odr).
Within a year after you submit your complaint to us, you may also try to resolve your dispute with Riot Games through a mediation procedure. This does not limit your statutory rights to initiate a court proceeding.
18. ADDITIONAL TERMS APPLICABLE TO RIOT SERVICES
18.1. General Terms
You may access Riot Services we make available from certain authorized third party stores or platforms (an authorized third party provider of any store, game system, console or platform each a "Third Party Platform"), only if you agree that:
These Terms are an agreement between us and you, and not between you and the Third Party Platform. As between Riot Games and the Third Party Platform, Riot Games is solely responsible for any Riot Services.
The Third Party Platform has no obligation to provide any maintenance and support services for the Riot Services.
The Third Party Platform is not responsible for addressing any claims you have relating to the Riot Services or your possession and use of the Riot Service.
If a third party claims any of the Riot Services infringes another party's intellectual property rights, as between the Third Party Platform and Riot Games, the Third Party Platform will not be responsible for the investigation, defense, settlement and discharge of any such claim.
The Third Party Platform and its subsidiaries are third-party beneficiaries of these Terms as they relate to your license to the Riot Services. Upon your acceptance of these Terms, the Third Party Platform will have the right (and will be deemed to have accepted the right) to enforce this Section 18 and Section 20.9 as related to your license of the Riot Services against you as a third-party beneficiary.
You must also comply with all applicable third-party terms of service and licenses when accessing or using the Third Party Platform including any additional terms that apply when you download, stream, access or use any Riot game, Virtual Content or other Riot Services.
19. RIOT LEGAL ENTITIES
If you live anywhere in North, Central or South America (except Brazil):
Riot Games, Inc.
Attn: Legal Department
12333 West Olympic Blvd.
If you live in South Korea:
Riot Games Korea, Ltd.
30th floor, Parnas Tower, 521 Teheran-ro, Gangnam-gu
Seoul, Korea
If you live in Japan:
Riot Games, LLC
Roppongi Hills Mori Tower 34F
6-10-1, Roppongi, Minato-ku,
If you live in SEA:
Riot Games Services PTE. LTD.
51 Bras Basah Rd, #05-01, S5008 & S5009,
If you live anywhere else, including the EEA, UK or Brazil:
Riot Games Ltd.
20.1. What can I do if I have questions about the Riot Services? (Until the day we can establish a Yordle call center, you can email us.)
If you have any questions concerning the Riot Services, or if you would like to contact us for any other reason, please contact Riot Games support at support@riotgames.com.
20.2. Can either party assign these Terms? (No. Just us.)
Riot Games may assign its rights under these Terms, in whole or in part, to any person or entity at any time with or without your consent. You may not assign your rights under these Terms without Riot Games' prior written consent, and any unauthorized assignment by you shall be null and void.
20.3. Is this our entire agreement? (Yes, including those other important policies we talked about earlier.)
These Terms represent the complete agreement between you and Riot Games concerning the Riot Services, and supersede any prior or contemporaneous agreements between you and Riot Games. These Terms shall coexist with, and shall not supersede any other Riot Games policies referenced in these Terms. You and Riot Games agree that we each have not relied upon, and have no remedies in respect of, any terms, conditions, representations, warranties or similar that are not expressly set out in these Terms.
20.4. What happens if a natural disaster interferes with the Game? (Riot isn't liable.)
Riot Games shall not be liable for any delay or failure to perform, including any failure to perform under these Terms due to unforeseen circumstances or cause beyond Riot Games' control such as: (a) hacking, cyber-attacks, data corruption/loss (where we have taken the steps that would reasonably be taken by companies like us to avoid this event occurring); or (b) acts of god, war, terrorism, bomb-threats, riots, embargoes, acts of civil or military authorities, fire, floods, accidents, strikes, or shortages of transportation facilities, fuel, energy, labor or materials.
20.5. Do these Terms mean we're partners? (Not in a legal sense, no.)
You agree that no joint venture, partnership, employment, or agency relationship exists between you and Riot Games as a result of these Terms or your use of the Riot Services.
20.6. If I breach these Terms and Riot does nothing for a long time, does that mean I'm off the hook? (No. We reserve all of our rights.)
Riot Games' failure to enforce any provision of these Terms shall in no way be construed to be a present or future waiver of such provision, nor in any way affect the right of any party to enforce each and every such provision after that. Any waiver by Riot Games of any provision, condition or requirement of these Terms shall not constitute a waiver of any future obligation to comply with such provision, condition or requirement.
20.7. What remedies are available to Riot Games if I breach these Terms?
You agree that Riot Games would suffer irreparable harm if a breach of certain of these Terms (such as Section 3.2) was not specifically enforced and that damages would not be an adequate remedy for Riot Games as a result. We may rely upon this Section to ask a court for injunctive relief or specific performance.
20.8. If I need to send a legal notice to Riot, where do I send it? (We hope you never need to send us a legal notice, but if you do….)
Except as otherwise expressly provided in these Terms, all notices given by you or required under these Terms shall be in writing and addressed to the Riot Games entity that provides you with the Riot Services at issue. See Section 19 for the address of the relevant Riot Games entity.
20.9. Can I play the Game if the U.S. government thinks I might be a terrorist or I live in an embargoed country? (No.)
Much of the Riot Services are developed in the U.S. so you cannot use them if: (1) the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the United States Treasury Department lists you as a specially designated national and/or blocked person; (2) the Bureau of Industry and Security of the United States Department of Commerce lists you on its denied persons list or lists of parties of concern; or (3) you're on any similar list promulgated by an official agency or department of the United States government. You warrant and represent that you're not located in, under the control of, or a national or resident of any embargoed country.
20.10. If part of these Terms is invalidated, what happens to the rest? (Like Zac, these Terms might lose a part or two, but what's left lives on.)
Except as otherwise provided in these Terms, if any provision of these Terms is held to be invalid or unenforceable for any reason, such provision shall be considered severed from these Terms and the remainder of these Terms shall continue in full force and effect.
20.11. Are these silly headings legally binding? (No. These headings are just our lawyers' way of trying to be engaging and funny. Other lawyers find these headings to be appropriately engaging and funny.)
The headings and parentheticals in these Terms are provided for informational and entertainment purposes only. They have no legal effect whatsoever.
20.12. How long does this agreement last? (For as long as you use the Riot Services or until your account is terminated. Some provisions have been chronoshifted, though, and last forever.)
These Terms begins on the date you first accept them and last for as long as you use or maintain an account on the Riot Services. However, Sections 2.3, 3.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 5.1, 6, 8, and 13-19 inclusive, shall survive the termination of these Terms.
20.13. Where we say "including" in these Terms, is that language limiting? (No.)
Whenever we use "including" in these Terms, we mean "including without limitation."
YOU ACKNOWLEDGE AND AGREE THAT YOU HAVE READ AND UNDERSTAND THESE TERMS, AND THAT BY SELECTING THE "ACCEPT" BUTTON BELOW OR OTHERWISE USING OR ACCESSING THE RIOT SERVICES, YOU ARE AGREEING TO BE BOUND BY THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS SET OUT IN THESE TERMS.
Candidate Privacy
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© 2022 Riot Games, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
To the Surface


text:
Hong Kong to charge additional rates on unsold primary homes
Apartments left vacant for more than six months will be charged a 200 per cent rate of the rental value, said Chief Executive Carrie Lam.PHOTO: REUTERS
Jun 29, 2018, 6:16 pm SGT
http://str.sg/oMgY
HONG KONG (BLOOMBERG) - Hong Kong will charge additional rates on unsold new apartments in a bid to limit hoarding by developers and cool a red-hot property market.
Apartments left vacant for more than six months will be charged a 200 per cent rate of the rental value, or equivalent to about 5 per cent of the unit's price, according to Chief Executive Carrie Lam, who announced the city's latest housing policies on Friday (June 29).
The amendment is subject to approval by the Legislative Council.
"Housing problems, as mentioned in my policy address, are the most important, most complicated and most rigorous issues," Ms Lam said. "The SAR government will continue to do its best to turn around today's housing situation of under-supply and surging prices."
Cooling measures already rolled out by the government have failed to prevent Hong Kong from becoming one of the world's least affordable markets for residential property, with prices more than doubling over the past decade.
Ms Lam's latest efforts to tackle the crisis come just ahead of the July 1 anniversary of her first year in office, when critics will assess her record.
Record prices for land sales show the pressure for home values to keep hitting records.
Financial Secretary Paul Chan, when asked on Friday if Hong Kong would consider a capital gain tax on foreign owners, said the government doesn't currently have such a plan, but "we do not rule it out".
City of shrinking homes: Hong Kong struggles to ease housing crisis
The tax "may do little to shake up the market", with the government set to fall short of an annual target of 46,000 new dwellings, Bloomberg Intelligence analyst Patrick Wong wrote ahead of the announcement.
Developers had about 9,000 unsold units as of March, according to the government.
The city is following in the wake of Singapore, where developers face escalating fines if they take too long to sell units. Australia and Canada have vacancy taxes on home-owners.
In Hong Kong, developers typically sell new units in batches, holding apartments back to reap higher prices.
Some rushed to sell flats on news that the government was mulling a levy, according to the South China Morning Post.
In one case, the homes had been left unoccupied for five years, it said.
The city had a total of about 43,000 vacant units across the entire housing stock last year, according to the government.
Here are some other announcements at Ms Lam's Friday briefing:
- Government to provide total 5,000 subsidised housing units this year
- City to revise pricing mechanism of subsidised housing
- To lower income requirement for applying for subsidised homes
- To convert nine sites initially designated for private housing to public or subsidised housing which could provide 10,600 units
In another effort to boost the volume of new housing, the government's Task Force on Land Supply is looking at options to free up more land for construction.
Although urban centres in the city are among the densest in the world, about three-fourths of Hong Kong's land mass is made up of open spaces that are currently off limits to development, such as protected country parks.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


What does the term "get full value" mean in the world of poker? What is the definition of the term "get full value"?
In poker, "getting full value" occurs when you extract the maximum amount of money possible from your opponent in a hand.
When laying out a bet, raise or re-raise, a skilled poker player who believes that they are ahead in a hand needs to strategically size their bets in a way so that their opponents are compelled to call after calculating the pot odds.
For instance, if you have top pair after the river card is dealt and you are fairly certain that your opponent has a middle pair, you will want to size your river bet so that your opponent feels compelled to call, even if they are sure that they are beaten. If your opponent is getting the right odds to call, they will likely call, even if they think that they are behind.
This is called "getting full value" from your opponent and is crucial to gathering as many chips from your opponents as possible. Poker is not just about getting lucky and hitting the right card at the right time - instead, players must wisely accumulate chips, and "getting full value" in a hand is crucial towards doing so.


Southern California Congressman Adam Schiff criticized the US Forest Service over delays in deciding whether to fight wildfires at night or not (1); while Wildfire NOTD subscriber Andrew Madsen, Public Affairs Officer for Los Padres National Forest, sent along an article about the threat of a lawsuit against US Forest Service by Los Padres ForestWatch over a 40-mile-long firebreak in Santa Barbara County (2); and the Federal Aviation Administration bestowed its prestigious Diamond Award on DynCorp International in regards to its work maintaining CAL FIRE's fleet of S-2T air-tankers (3); even as Northern California-based software company FireWhat Inc. announced the pending release of "Wildfire Home" and "Wildfire Info" for use by people living in fire-prone areas (4). Firefighters in Colorado have brought containment on the 4,100-acre Lower North Fork Fire to 45% (5); but struggled to rope it in before temperatures and wind velocity increase over the weekend (6); and although some evacuees are being allowed to visit their homes to assess damage, many are not being allowed to stay for now (7); the following article looking at the potential political fallout from the blaze for state leaders (8); and public safety officials are puzzled as to why 12% of the targeted phones did not receive the evacuation warning (9); but after a pair of small wildfires in Boulder County's Lefthand Canyon Off-Highway Vehicle area, US Forest Service has decided to close the area indefinitely (10); while a 10-acre wildfire was reported in Teller County (11). Forest owners in 16 Texas counties are eligible to participate in an Emergency Forest Restoration Program (12); the next article taking a look back at the Wildfire Preparedness Seminar in Bandera County last week (13). The Apple Fire, which has burned 546 acres in South Dakota's Black Hills, is only 15% contained (14); where two Neptune Aviation P-2Vs and a pair of South Dakota National Guard Black Hawk helicopters worked the fire (15). Dozens of students enrolled in University of Minnesota Crookston's Natural Resource Management Program learned valuable skills for wildland firefighting (16); while Wisconsin's Department of Natural Resources is bracing for an active wildfire season due to tall grass in the northwestern part of the state (17); even as the Chippewa Fire District warned of the wildfire danger after a grass fire burned in the area (18). A one-acre wildfire near Lehigh Township, Pennsylvania, required the attention of a helicopter with a Bambi bucket (19); and New Jersey Forest Fire Service is conducting controlled burns in Monmouth County today (20). A tree falling across power lines may have sparked a wildfire in Smyth County, Virginia (21); while an 18-acre wildfire on Pine Island, Florida, was sparked by a man using a cutting torch (22). The Himalayan nation of Nepal, which has seen 450 wildfires since the end of February, reported 86 active blazes across the country (23). Powercor Australia Limited will pay out millions of dollars to people in Coleraine, Victoria, who suffered losses during a bushfire started by PowerCor's equipment (24); but a dispute over pay raises has impacted controlled burns by Parks Victoria (25). South West Catchments Council is offering a new coastal planting guide to Western Australians impacted by bushfires (26); while a 12-hectare bushfire was quickly corralled by firefighters in Bold Park yesterday (27). And finally, a new study from the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago shows that even the top predators in the age of dinosaurs had something to worry about: wildfires!
(13) Wildfire seminar: if you weren't there, you won't be prepared!


text:
package org.opensmartgridplatform.cucumber.platform.smartmetering.glue.steps.ws.smartmetering.smartmeteringmanagement;

import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;

import java.util.Map;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import org.opensmartgridplatform.adapter.ws.schema.smartmetering.management.FindMessageLogsAsyncRequest;
import org.opensmartgridplatform.adapter.ws.schema.smartmetering.management.FindMessageLogsAsyncResponse;
import org.opensmartgridplatform.adapter.ws.schema.smartmetering.management.FindMessageLogsRequest;
import org.opensmartgridplatform.adapter.ws.schema.smartmetering.management.FindMessageLogsResponse;
import org.opensmartgridplatform.cucumber.core.ScenarioContext;
import org.opensmartgridplatform.cucumber.platform.PlatformKeys;
import org.opensmartgridplatform.cucumber.platform.smartmetering.PlatformSmartmeteringKeys;
import org.opensmartgridplatform.cucumber.platform.smartmetering.builders.logging.DeviceLogItemBuilder;
import org.opensmartgridplatform.cucumber.platform.smartmetering.support.ws.smartmetering.management.FindMessageLogsRequestFactory;
import org.opensmartgridplatform.cucumber.platform.smartmetering.support.ws.smartmetering.management.SmartMeteringManagementRequestClient;
import org.opensmartgridplatform.cucumber.platform.smartmetering.support.ws.smartmetering.management.SmartMeteringManagementResponseClient;
import org.opensmartgridplatform.logging.domain.entities.DeviceLogItem;
import org.opensmartgridplatform.logging.domain.repositories.DeviceLogItemRepository;

import cucumber.api.java.en.Given;
import cucumber.api.java.en.Then;
import cucumber.api.java.en.When;

public class GetDebugInformation {

    @Autowired
    private DeviceLogItemRepository logItemRepository;

    @Autowired
    private DeviceLogItemBuilder deviceLogItemBuilder;

    @Autowired
    private SmartMeteringManagementRequestClient<FindMessageLogsAsyncResponse, FindMessageLogsRequest> smartMeteringManagementRequestClient;

    @Autowired
    private SmartMeteringManagementResponseClient<FindMessageLogsResponse, FindMessageLogsAsyncRequest> smartMeteringManagementResponseClient;

    @Given("^there is debug information logged for the device$")
    public void thereIsDebugInformationLoggedForTheDevice() throws Throwable {
        final DeviceLogItem deviceLogItem = this.deviceLogItemBuilder.withDeviceIdentification(
                ScenarioContext.current().get(PlatformKeys.KEY_DEVICE_IDENTIFICATION).toString()).build();

        this.logItemRepository.save(deviceLogItem);
    }

    @When("^the get debug information request is received$")
    public void theGetDebugInformationRequestIsReceived(final Map<String, String> requestData) throws Throwable {
        final FindMessageLogsRequest findMessageLogsRequest = FindMessageLogsRequestFactory
                .fromParameterMap(requestData);
        final FindMessageLogsAsyncResponse findMessageLogsAsyncResponse = this.smartMeteringManagementRequestClient
                .doRequest(findMessageLogsRequest);

        assertNotNull("AsyncResponse should not be null", findMessageLogsAsyncResponse);
        ScenarioContext.current().put(PlatformSmartmeteringKeys.KEY_CORRELATION_UID,
                findMessageLogsAsyncResponse.getCorrelationUid());
    }

    @Then("^the device debug information should be in the response message$")
    public void theDeviceDebugInformationShouldBeInTheResponseMessage() throws Throwable {
        final FindMessageLogsAsyncRequest findMessageLogsAsyncRequest = FindMessageLogsRequestFactory
                .fromScenarioContext();
        final FindMessageLogsResponse findMessageLogsResponse = this.smartMeteringManagementResponseClient
                .getResponse(findMessageLogsAsyncRequest);

        assertNotNull("FindMessageLogsRequestResponse should not be null", findMessageLogsResponse);
        assertNotNull("Expected logs", findMessageLogsResponse.getMessageLogPage());
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Home / Immigrate / Express Entry / Logic behind Express Entry Draws
The Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (IRPA) of 2002 provides the legislative authority for Canada's immigration program. IRPA contains various provisions that allow the Minister to issue special Instructions to immigration officers to enable the Government of Canada to best attain its immigration goals.The North American Financial year starts in January and ends by December. At the commencement of each financial year, the federal and provincial premiers decide on the various immigration aspects for the new financial year. The decisions and government policies that may take shape as a part of these meetings play a key role in the Express Entry system too.
The Express Entry application system is primarily governed by Ministerial Instructions. These instructions are authorized by s.10.3(1) of the IRPA, which includes provisions that authorize the Minister to issue instructions to manage most features of the Express Entry system. Each Express Entry Ministerial Instructions include:
The economic immigration programs included in Express Entry and associated eligibility criteria;
The electronic submission process a candidate must complete in order to submit an Express Entry profile, and any associated exemptions;
How candidates will be ranked in the Express Entry pool;
Information on Invitation to Apply (ITA) draws;
Time limits for the maximum amount of time a candidate can be in the Express Entry pool, and if invited, within how much time they must submit an application for permanent residence;
Candidate information that can be shared with third parties including other government departments; and,
How candidates will be notified about any matter relating to their expression of interest.
In the current 2018 financial year, the total target intake is 3,10,000 new immigrants from all around the world.
Note: On 1 November 2017, the government of Canada announced multi-year immigration targets spanning from 2018 to 2020. An estimated 9,80,000 immigrant will be welcomed by Canada from 2018 to 2020. For complete projected statistics and other valuable information, click here.
The Express Entry draws usually happen once in every 2 weeks. However, it need not necessarily be so. That is, it is not necessary that the draw should happen exactly every two weeks – it can happen more often or maybe less often as well. Immigration Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) has only a fixed target for a financial year, or else – like the multi-year immigration target announced recently in 1 November 2017 – for more than one financial year. The total number of immigrants welcomed in 2018 is going to be 3,10,000. This is the highest immigrant intake in the history of Canadian immigration. Assuming there will be 24 biweekly draws in the current year (FY 2018), the total average of each draw is around 13,000, which clearly is not the case considering the current draw intake statistics. The draws invited applicants in the range of 2700 to 3000. The surplus (that is, 12916-2700 or 3000) will need to be accommodated in additional draws.
The explanation above has been given for ease of understanding for a person with only limited knowledge into the Express Entry selection system. The intake of 3,10,000 immigrants in 2018 is the total intake in all categories. That is, it should not be misunderstood to be the total intake for the Federal Skilled Worker Class (FSWC) alone.


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Cooper Says Trump's Financial Arrangements Need Review
by Clint Confehr December 1, 2016 December 19, 2016
U.S. Rep. Jim Cooper
Nashville's congressman and other Oversight and Government Reform Committee members want President-elect Donald Trump's financial arrangements reviewed like the committee's chairman insisted when Hillary Clinton looked like the next president.
U.S. Reps. Jim Cooper, Elijah Cummings and other Democrats on the House committee sent a letter to Chairman Jason Chaffetz requesting an immediate review of Trump's financial arrangements because the Utah Republican has "not taken steps to conduct basic oversight of these unprecedented challenges."
For example, Philippine developer Jose E. B. Antonio was named in October as special envoy to the United States, The New York Times reports. Trump is Antonio's partner in a $150 million tower in Manila's financial district. The 57-story, multi-purpose building's slogan: "Live Above the Rest."
Recently, Trump told The New York Times, "The law's totally on my side, the president can't have a conflict of interests;" as if he's immune. "Of course," Oversight Committee Democrats say, "this statement is incorrect." Trump already has conflicts of interest "between his widespread global business interests and his Constitutional obligations as president."
In August, Chaffetz pledged to hold the next President-elect accountable, no matter who's in the White House.
Chaffetz said his "job is to hold them accountable and provide that oversight," Cummings (D-Md.) wrote to Rep. Chaffetz on Nov. 14. "No one," Cooper said, "is above the law. The President-elect should fully disclose his holdings and dispose of any potential conflicts of interest. And Chairman Chaffetz should follow through on his promise to provide oversight and accountability."
Democrats on the Oversight Committee also quote the Wall Street Journal, The Washington Post and The Salt Lake Tribune, the latter endorsing Cummings' position that if Chaffetz wants anyone to take him seriously, then he should lead a rigorous review of Trump's holdings.
Tagged: Donald Trump, Jim Cooper
Clint Confehr
Clint Confehr — an American journalist since 1972 — first wrote for The Tennessee Tribune in 1999. His news writing and photography in South Central Tennessee and the Nashville Metropolitan Statistical... More by Clint Confehr


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California research for people with MS looks promising
— California research for people with MS looks promising
On Behalf of Law Office of Jennifer Zorrilla | Jun 20, 2014 | Social Security Disability |
The Social Security Administration recognizes Multiple Sclerosis as a chronic illness that, in some cases, may be severe enough to keep a person from working. An advanced form of MS, known as Malignant Multiple Sclerosis, is listed in the SSA's fast track Compassionate Allowances program. Generally, MS is a condition that damages the myelin sheath, a layer of material that covers a person's nerve fibers. Researchers still have not found the cause of MS, but many believe that the immune system is involved in attacking the myelin sheath.
Roughly 400,000 people suffer from MS in the United States. While medical professionals continue to search for the cause, researchers say that a hormone that is typically found in pregnant women may provide relief for some people with MS. Researchers have noted over the years that women with MS have reported reduced symptoms of MS during pregnancy.
National Public Radio recently chronicled the experience of a Woodland Hills, California, woman who noticed that her symptoms from MS went away during her pregnancy. She experienced other issues, such as morning sickness. But, she reported her experience concerning her MS symptoms to doctors at UCLA. The neurologists had heard similar accounts from other women.
Researchers have known of the link between pregnancy and a reduction of MS symptoms for years; research in the late 90s confirmed the link, according to NPR. More recently, however, the research has led to a new experimental drug that doctors say may help ease the symptoms of MS patients. The drug is based on a form of estrogen, known as estriol, which is abundant during pregnancy.
The drug is still in the development process, which includes trial and studies, before it can be approved by the FDA.
Source: NPR, "Pregnancy Hormone May Reduce Multiple Sclerosis Symptoms," Jon Hamilton, June 2, 2014


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Press Gaggle
Ari Fleischer
MR. FLEISCHER: Okay. What I'd like to do is just try to give you a walk through of the President's day, what he did when he learned various pieces of information. So this may take me a moment or two, but let me try to give you a good walk through.
The President arrived just shortly before 9:00 a.m., at the elementary school in Sarasota, when Andy Card informed him, as the President finished shaking hands in a hallway of school officials, about the crash of the first plane into the World Trade Center.
The President then proceeded directly into his hold and spoke with Dr. Condoleezza Rice, who provided him with that information, as well. The President then went before you all, in the public event, for the first event with the small children. And during the course of his speech to the -- his remarks to the children, Andy Card was notified about the crash of the second airplane.
Andy approached the President, whispered into his ear, with the press before and the children before him, about the crash of the second plane. The President had been intending to make remarks about the first plane in that session, but he decided to wait until he could ascertain additional information, given the fact now that it was not one, but two, crashes, which was an immediate indication, of course, of the serious nature of this suggesting terrorism.
Then, as you know, the President returned to his hold, received additional information from Dr. Rice. Information was still very sketchy at that point -- this is shortly after 9:00 a.m. And then the President proceeded -- the decision was made by the President that he would go and speak to the nation about what transpired. You have the record of that. And then the President immediately departed for the airport.
The President, upon arrival on Air Force One, called the Vice President. It was the first of many calls that he and the Vice President engaged in at one point. They had an open line between the two of them; the Vice President being here in the White House, the President, of course, being in what amounts to an air borne command center at times like this.
The President spoke with the Vice President. The President spoke with Secretary Rumsfeld, he spoke again with the Vice President to receive information and to give direction. It was on the flight to Louisiana where the President authorized putting America's military on a higher alert status.
The President continued to receive information aboard the plane and some of the information, for example, about a car bombing at the State Department; then the President was given the information saying that was an incorrect report, that erred. The President was given information about the crash south of Pittsburgh; information continued to come in to the President about developments in this case.
The Secret Service, of course, was analyzing the information that came in and the various rumors that were swirling and taking a very careful look to see what was fact and what was fiction. The President arrived at Barksdal Air Force Base, proceeded to the conference room with General Tom Keck, and then made a series of phone calls from the General's conference room. And he addressed the nation, as you know.
In the course of one conversation with the Vice President the President said to him, "it's the faceless coward that attacks," which became, of course, the statement the President made to the nation.
The President talked with Senator Schumer from the General's conference room. He said this was, "a sad day for America; condolences go to everyone in New York." He spoke again with Secretary Rumsfeld; spoke again with the Vice President. He departed at approximately 1:15 p.m. for Air Force One in what is called an up-armored Humvee vehicle. It's a camouflaged vehicle. On the tarmac at the airport there were armed security police with dogs that were there when we arrived and when we departed.
On the flight to Nebraska, the President again spoke with the Vice President. He called the meeting of the National Security Council for 4:00 p.m., upon his arrival, instructed the Vice President to have all the proper people assembled. He made clear that he wanted to get back to Washington as quickly as was possible.
He spoke with Mayor Giuliani, and Pataki, together. He said that, "Our sympathies are with you and the people of New York." He said, "I know your heart is broken and your city is strained, and anything we can do, let me know and we will do."
The President arrived at approximately 3:10 p.m. to the Command Center in Nebraska. He had a one hour and five minute meeting with his national security team. And during the course of that meeting, the President said -- at the very end of the meeting the President said, "We will find these people and they will suffer the consequences of taking on this nation. We will do what it takes. No one is going to diminish the spirit of this country."
The President also, at the security meeting, stressed how grateful he was to have heard from so many world leaders who sent him written communications, standing with the United States and expressing their outrage at the terrorist attacks. The President, on the flight home, spoke with Mrs. Bush -- he had spoken with her earlier in the day, too, upon departure from Florida -- said, "I'm coming home, see you at the White House."
And that's the chronology. And the President arrived back here, went immediately into the study just off the Oval Office, to work on his speech for tonight. He met again with his national security team, and then he returned to the study to work on the speech.
Q Ari, can you rule out that there was any decision to shoot down the plane over Pennsylvania? There are still continuing questions that the government may have decided that that was necessary. Do you have any information about that crash?
MR. FLEISCHER: I don't have information about the cause of that crash.
Q But can you rule out that it was shot down by the U.S. military?
MR. FLEISCHER: That would be the first I've heard of anything like that. I have not heard anything like that at all.
Q At what point did the President really -- did the gravity of the attack on the government excel? When did he hear of the Pentagon, the plane going into the Pentagon? And did that change the picture for the President?
MR. FLEISCHER: Well, I think the picture changed for the President immediately upon hearing of the second crash into the World Trade Center. I think when information came in about the first crash, I think the natural reaction was, was it a plane that went off course, what could this be, is this terrorism?
As soon as Andy whispered in his ear about the second crash, there was no doubt in the President's mind.
Q Can you tell us a little bit about how the speech was put together? And was it Condi Rice that sort of wrote it?
MR. FLEISCHER: The President, on the flight back from Nebraska, talked to several staff members on Air Force One about what he wanted to say.
Q Would that be like, Rove, Card, yourself?
MR. FLEISCHER: It was -- I think at that point it was Andy and me. And we talked to Karen. The President and Karen directly spoke. The President conveyed to Karen what it was he wanted to say. Mike Gerson and Karen wrote the remarks.
Q And what was his mood as the news continued to roll in? And did he see -- at what point did he see the pictures? Since he was in the air all the time, the things that rocked people as they saw picture after picture -- did he see those?
MR. FLEISCHER: He was able to watch those pictures from the air. Terry, I've said this before about the President --
Q He could watch from the air? I'm sorry.
MR. FLEISCHER: Yes, he could watch from the air. I've said this before about the President, he is even-keeled at all times. I have really never seen him get very high, very low. He just has a steely demeanor.
Q Anger?
MR. FLEISCHER: Resolve. I mean, it really is a question of -- and you've heard it in his public statements today, that those who committed this crime on the United States will pay the price. It's just tough determination and resolve.
In the speech tonight, I think what you're about to hear is a message of reassurance and resolve. In particular tonight, he wants to talk about the tragedy that has befallen people's families, those who have lost their lives.
Q Most Americans are just downright pissed-off. Have you seen at any moment in him just sort of like a real gut-wrenching emotional reaction to all this? I know you're saying his resolve and that he's pretty even-keeled, but was there ever a moment where he really sort of showed the frustration I think that everyone is feeling?
MR. FLEISCHER: Like I said, it was really steely resolve. I mean, he's had a -- he had some tough words for those who did it.
Q Ari, why did he go out to Omaha?
MR. FLEISCHER: And Louisiana -- I think you can ask that same question. As I tried to give you a hint in my remarks about the Secret Service assessing various information that was coming in -- including one report that said that the plane that went down near Pittsburgh, went down near Camp David -- for obvious security reasons.
Q Can you give us any kind of sense of how close we are to finding out who did this or how long we think it might take to find out any information, that information?
MR. FLEISCHER: No, and I'm not sure that I'm going to be in a position to share that information as the White House and the intelligence team develop it. You know, that information is obviously being collected now and it's something I wouldn't indicate publicly, especially.
Q Are there strong leads, Ari? Are there strong leads as to who may be responsible --
MR. FLEISCHER: Dick, tonight is not the night for the White House to talk about that. The President's message tonight is going to be focused on the victims. I think more on that privately later.
Q Can I ask you a question about this morning and about the rest of the week? First, about the rest of the week. What should we expect the see? Where will the President be tomorrow and the rest of the week? What will his schedule be like?
MR. FLEISCHER: We're revisiting the President's schedule. There will be changes to it that reflect the tragedy, of course. And I think you can anticipate that he'll be in Washington for the next several days. And we'll keep you advised as changes are made. But the President's schedule is going to reflect the gravity and the solemnity of this event.
Q -- New York?
MR. FLEISCHER: I'll keep you apprised.
Q Would we be going too far if we said he's cancelled his public schedule for the rest of the week to focus on this?
MR. FLEISCHER: That would go too far.
Q Okay. And then this morning, when Andy Card told him about the first accident, was Andy Card or Condi Rice or any of those aware of the hijackings? What did they know when they --
MR. FLEISCHER: No, at that point they were not.
Q What changes will we see, in terms of the security around government buildings and particularly around the White House over the next week or so?
MR. FLEISCHER: Well, obviously, there has been a heightened state of alert throughout the government and I'll try to keep you updated to the best degree I can on the status of that. But, obviously, the President has returned to Washington.
Q Two questions, Ari. At what point did he decide to go to the highest alert, DEP CON alert? And then --
MR. FLEISCHER: Well, actually, DEP CON 3, it's not the highest.
Q At what point did he decide to go there?
MR. FLEISCHER: The flight to Louisiana, mid-morning.
Q In mid-air?
MR. FLEISCHER: Yes.
Q And so that was made in mid-air?
MR. FLEISCHER: Correct. The President authorized the Vice President to make that happen.
Q Did it seem possible at that point that there were many more attacks? Was that --
Q Were you ever told that -- well, I don't want to know where the daughters are if you don't want to tell us. Is the President comfortable with where his daughters are, and are they separate or are they together?
MR. FLEISCHER: The President has full faith in the Secret Service, in all that they do, for himself, for his wife, for his daughters. And they were taken to a secure location, I can tell you that -- I can't tell you, obviously, where.
Q Are they together or are they separate? Are they with any --
MR. FLEISCHER: No, they're separate.
Q Are they with any family members?
MR. FLEISCHER: I really don't want to go further.
Q Okay. And what about his parents? Are they in a secure location?
MR. FLEISCHER: I'm not going to --
Q Okay.
MR. FLEISCHER: -- the government.
Q Ari, on which flight did the President watch the pictures?
MR. FLEISCHER: All flights.
Q On leaving Florida for Louisiana?
MR. FLEISCHER: Louisiana to Nebraska, Nebraska back to --
Q Did he have any contact with congressional leaders during this?
MR. FLEISCHER: He authorized a series of contacts with congressional leaders.
Q What does that mean?
MR. FLEISCHER: That he told his staff and the Vice President to talk to the congressional leaders.
He spoke to the New Yorkers today, and to --
Q Schumer and who else?
MR. FLEISCHER: Schumer, Pataki, Giuliani, they each called him.
Q What about Mrs. Clinton?
MR. FLEISCHER: As I indicated, they each called him.
Q Okay. Did he come back to the White House because he was told by the Secret Service that there is zero risk, or did he take some risk in coming back to the White House?
MR. FLEISCHER: The President wanted to come back to the White House. He also takes into account the advice of the Secret Service. But at this point, obviously coming back to the White House is the safe thing to do.
Q With so much focus on the victims in the speech as you've described it, what about options out there for the President? What kind of resolve will he talk about in his speech?
MR. FLEISCHER: He'll actually begin in three minutes, so you might want to --
Q Go and get our seats.
Q Ari, any idea how late we're going to be able to stay tonight, overnight?
MR. FLEISCHER: Let me know what your request is and I mean, I think today is the day we try to help everybody, so let me know.
Q Ari, somebody might have asked you already, but the plan to move from Air Force base or move around, was that like an old prevailing plan for -- I mean, is that pre-existing, long held --
MR. FLEISCHER: Well, there are, obviously, emergency plans that get taken off the shelf. And you can presume what was done today was in accordance with emergency plans. But the decision to go to Louisiana and then go to Nebraska were based on obvious security concerns that involved the situation and the President.
Q Thank you.
END 8:27 P.M. EDT
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Springer School and Center is committed to serving Greater Cincinnati as the area's premier resource for learning disabilities. Families, educators and clinicians who work with children with learning disabilities will find us a source of information, referrals and programs.
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Day school curriculum and center programs are research-based and reflect current thinking about learning disabilities education. Our experience in the day school enriches our outreach through the center, and our expertise in the center informs curriculum in the day school.
Educator programs offer state-of-the-art professional development opportunities for educators and clinicians. Workshops ranging from a day to a week in length are offered at Springer's campus or can be brought to schools.
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