Jews throughout time and space have a practice of atoning during Yom Kippur by refraining from eating and drinking for 25 hours. From time to time, including this year, I choose to add to my dietary fast by voluntarily abstaining from speech, too.
Evidently this practice is called Taanit Dibbur (a speech fast), but I only learned that after I had already adopted the practice about five years ago. (You can find out more with a Google search.) I am not a rabbi or Torah scholar, but I am a mom, wife, daughter, sister, friend, attorney, writer, trustee and advocate. Thus, words and speech are the very stuff of my life. Like most stuff, words can accumulate, get cluttered, and need to be purged from my mental space. For this reason, taanit dibbur is a valuable clarifying spiritual exercise I highly recommend.
Ever read something you knew was arcane but been fascinated by it nevertheless? Maybe you even wanted to discuss deeply like when you were back in school, not just as a shallow "share" on a social media post? Well, that was me about three and a half years ago when I read Rabbi Dr. Pamela Barmash's 30-some-odd page teshuvah (legal opinion) on Women and Mitzvot. Yeah, I said I was excited by a long legal treatise. Occupational hazard of being me, a literate Jew, a philosophy minor, English major, with a J.D. Anyway, Barmash's holding was at once simple and revolutionary: women were never properly exempted, excluded, or prohibited from-time bound mitzvot. The relegation of women to second-class status was a colossal misreading of Jewish texts.
The teshuvah asks if Jewish women are responsible for observing the mitzvot from which they have traditionally been excluded. Barmash argues both retrospectively and prospectively that women are in fact responsible to observe mitzvot.
If you're wondering why I found the teshuvah interesting, wondering why I thought anyone else would want to discuss it, I'd certainly understand. After all, on the one hand, many Jews don't feel particularly bound or obligated to mitzvot, so what difference does the teshuvah make? On the other hand, many Jews who abide by mitzvot are so entrenched to years of their genderedness that they would not necessarily be inclined to discuss or be persuaded by it either. Personally, I fall into the former category, feeling bound like the definition of "Rebecca" and like my family before me to mitzvot. I feel tethered to Judaism even as I know it is hard to reconcile with humanism, feminism and modernity. This tension I feel between being both bound and bothered makes it pressing for me that women count in a minyan, be included in the Amidah and recite the Shema. I take no comfort in the theology which patronizingly tells us that women are on a pedestal, so close to God, that they need not bother with mitzvot.
Perhaps unsurprisingly—after the high of my initial epiphany—I read the teshuvah a couple times and put it away.
About a month ago, an opportunity arose which brought the document to the fore of my consciousness again: A few friends were discussing whether and how to do a second Shabbat-appropriate woman-themed event timed to coincide with women's marches all over the world January 20, 2018. Last year, the group had hosted Rabbi Abby Sosland to address us. This year, I debated with myself whether to raise Rabbi Barmash's 2014 teshuvah to the group. After all, it was three years old, I hadn't heard anything about it since, and it was a little arcane. My bolder self rose to the fore, and I suggested inviting her. Lo and behold, the others agreed. Even more miraculously, when we wrote to Rabbi Barmash—out of the blue—she agreed to make the trip to address our group and congregation as a scholar-in-residence during Shabbat.


text:
A bush burial 2000
A bush burial
AusVELS Level 2 to 6 (PDF, 1.16 MB)
AusVELS Level 7 to VCE (PDF, 1.15 MB)
Juan Davila, A bush burial (PDF, 242.54 KB)
Juan Davila was born in Santiago, Chile, in 1946. He studied at Colegio del Verbo Divino between 1951–63. He trained as a lawyer at the Law School of the University of Chile between1965–69 and attended the Fine Arts School of the University of Chile from 1970–72. Davila exhibited in Chile in 1974 then moved to Melbourne that same year. He has exhibited with many Australian and international galleries. Davila was editor of the Art and Criticism Monograph series in Melbourne and a member of the Committee of Revista de Critica Cultural in Santiago, Chile.
Davila is intent on debating issues of social and political significance and his works of art offer have a deliberate element of shock value. His complex and controversial paintings interrogate cultural, political and social issues and values. His earlier works frequently used mixed-media to create dislocated compositions of text and imagery.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Joe Hill Louis (September 23, 1921 – August 5, 1957), born Lester Hill, was an American singer, guitarist, harmonica player and one-man band. He was one of a small number of one-man blues bands (along with fellow Memphis bluesman Doctor Ross) to have recorded commercially in the 1950s. He was also a session musician for Sun Records.

Life and career

Early life
Louis was born Lester (or possibly Leslie) Hill on September 23, 1921, in Raines, Tennessee. His nickname "Joe Louis" arose as a result of a childhood fight with another youth. At the age of 14 he left home to work as a servant for a wealthy Memphis family. He also worked at the Peabody Hotel in Memphis in the late 1930s. From the early 1940s onwards he worked as a musician and one-man band.

Recording and radio career
Louis made his recording debut on Columbia Records in 1949, and his music was released on a variety of labels through the 1950s, such as Modern, Checker, Meteor, and Big Town. Louis most notably recording for Sam Phillips' Sun Records, for whom he recorded extensively as a backing musician for a wide variety of other singers as well as under his own name.

His most notable electric blues single, "Boogie in the Park" (recorded in July 1950 and released the following month), featured Louis performing "one of the loudest, most overdriven, and distorted guitar stomps ever recorded" while also playing a rudimentary drum kit. It was the only record released on Sam Phillips's early Phillips label before he founded Sun Records. Louis's electric guitar playing is also considered a predecessor of heavy metal music.

Another notable recording he made at Sun Records was as guitarist on Rufus Thomas's "Bear Cat", an answer record to Big Mama Thornton's "Hound Dog", which reached number 3 on the R&B chart and resulted in legal action for copyright infringement. He also shared writing credit for the song "Tiger Man", which has been recorded by Thomas and Elvis Presley, among others. Around 1950 he took over the Pepticon Boy radio program on WDIA from B. B. King.  He was also known as "The Pepticon Boy" or "The Be-Bop Boy", and recorded as "Chicago Sunny Boy" for Meteor Records in 1953.

Death
Louis died on August 5, 1957, in John Gaston Hospital, in Memphis, at the age of 35, of tetanus contracted as a result of an infected cut on his thumb, sustained while he was working as an odd job man.

References

Bibliography
Harris, S. (1989). Blues Who's Who, 5th paperback edition. New York: Da Capo Press.
Turner, B. (1985). "The Blues in Memphis". Album booklet for Sun Records: The Blues Years 1950–1956. London: Sun Records.

External links
Joe Hill Louis discography
Joe Hill Louis on AllMusic

1921 births
1957 deaths
Memphis blues musicians
American blues harmonica players
American blues singers
American blues guitarists
American male guitarists
African-American guitarists
African-American rock musicians
Musicians from Memphis, Tennessee
Deaths from tetanus
One-man bands
Checker Records artists
Columbia Records artists
Sun Records artists
Modern Records artists
Meteor Records artists
20th-century American guitarists
20th-century African-American male singers

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Sometimes known as onyx marble, Mexican onyx, Egyptian alabaster or Oriental alabaster, travertine is a natural stone that is available in a wide range of warm earthy colors, sometimes ranging from ivory, beige or tan to a deep reddish-brown or walnut, and sometimes shades of gold. Beautiful Grezzo Tumbled and Unfilled Travertine Flooring Tiles from White Hall Natural Stone Flooring in Hereford. Travertine costs about half of what marble prices and thus is an efficient alternative for very giant tasks, where the price of marble may be prohibitive. Just as you may feel the difference between fired ceramic tiles and vinyl, you may feel the difference between marble and limestone or travertine. Some of an important monuments in the history of structure have been inbuilt travertine marble.
Remodeling Expenses offers householders with correct cost data on residence companies and degree the playing field for consumers and service professionals. Travertine is accessible in a wide range of colors designed to enhance the décor of each room in your house, from cool unstated magnificence to warm, nation style. The giant island offers a number of seating, whereas subdued earth tones and travertine flooring lend natural heat to the room. Although there are a variety of stone flooring sorts you could choose from, travertine is the option that provides you the advantages that you simply deserve. For this purpose, both marble and travertine are used on backsplashes, flooring, and walls, more often than on counter tops.
Emerson Hardwood Floors is the wholesale supplier to the commerce of hardwood flooring, provides and tools to the perfect contractors and retailers. Quality hardwood flooring is a much bigger investment but will last for much longer and add actual worth to your house. Wood is a totally natural uncooked materials as distinctive as the tree from which it comes. Most engineered wooden flooring is in this category, and does not use rotary-peeled veneer, composite wooden (similar to HDF), or plastic in their construction. If the subfloor is simply too wet, moisture shall be absorbed into wooden flooring supplies and flooring will develop and buckle. Pure, natural stable wood flooring, fastidiously processed and treated with crystallising natural oil – a pleasure for the senses, bearing witness to outstanding, high-high quality workmanship. It is essential to permit the flooring to equilibrate within the atmosphere it is going to be installed. Solid wood flooring are mostly manufactured75 inches (19 mm) thick with a tongue-and-groove for installation.
Bamboo flooring has gotten lots of attention since it was first launched a few decades ago. All bamboo flooring is engineered, which means the strands of grass are sliced and shredded, then pressed back together with warmth and glues to type the flooring boards. Additionally, be sure to look for manufacturers that point out the sturdiness of their flooring traces & supply no less than a 25-12 months guarantee. The chemical compounds used to deal with bamboo flooring makes digestion impossible for termites. The National Wood Flooring Association (NWFA) has been asked to develop requirements, however that job may be practically unattainable as a result of many of the concerns are beyond the NWFA's control.
Green Building Supply, founded in 1991, continues to be the nation's trusted supply for the most effective non-toxic and eco-friendly building supplies. The most typical kind, particularly in southeast Asia, makes use of thin bamboo stems which might be reduce as flat as possible. Horizontal and vertical bamboo prices strand approximately $three-5 per sq. foot, whereas strand varieties run a bit increased: in the $four-10 range. Bamboo certified to the requirements of the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) meets standards for environmental sustainability and social duty, and a number of other flooring merchandise can be found with this feature. The bamboo layers are product of strips about three/4 inch vast, glued facet to means the layers are offset the seams aren't aligned, giving the lumber more power.
Bamboo flooring can give you the natural fantastic thing about wooden in your house without you having to really feel that your choice in residence improvements is having a harmful affect on the atmosphere. In the flooring world bamboo has been made into engineered bamboo flooring, stable bamboo flooring, strand woven bamboo flooring, hand scraped (distressed) bamboo flooring, and bamboo flooring for installation over radiant heat. Additionally, bamboo flooring will have a significantly increased impression on resale value compared to vinyl plank. Raw bamboo rots quickly, so it's normally handled inside two days of being minimize.
It is available in many shapes, colors, and varieties together with pure stone and wooden-look Tile is easy to keep up, especially for pet-house owners searching for a pet pleasant flooring , and can final for many years with out looking drained or worn. It's not a desirable alternative for kitchens or bathrooms Even in case your flooring has a protective coating, it's best to make use of warning when cleaning, and to attempt to wipe up spills as shortly as attainable. Manufactured bamboo floors are usually made obtainable in planks with both vertical- or horizontal-grain orientation.
Welcome to Bamboo Flooring Facts, where we focus on the professionals and cons of bamboo flooring. We shopped for flooring for years and could not find what we needed….a floor we could have throughout the house, resilient sufficient for kitchen and engaging enough for the good room, but snug sufficient for bedrooms. In vertical bamboo flooring, the component items are stood vertically on their narrowest edge after which press laminated side to side. At a median of $three.ninety nine per square foot, Ambient bamboo is an affordable choice. It's likely a fungus attacked the bamboo during the first few days after harvest. The firm sells several strains of strand woven bamboo in engineered and strong varieties.
Most Chinese factories do not dry the bamboo all the way down to a goal moisture content as we do here with wood. When planning to put in strand bamboo on an on-grade slab, installers seek the advice of producer's guidelines for appropriate set up substrates, and then fastidiously take a look at to make sure there are no moisture issues. In the long run it's fairly frequent that any flooring loses its brightness and appears uninteresting due fading color. About 4 years ago, we put a deposit on bamboo flooring for an addition on our house. Bamboo could be an inexpensive different to hardwood floors As with any materials, worth depends on the brand and thickness.


text:
Q: How to get value from a dropdown menu and display it in ReactJS I'm using react and have a dropdown menu with numbers 1-5. I want to select the value of the one clicked and display it in the dropdown menu but I'm not able to show the value.
Is it possible to solve it without using select or similar?
handleToggle = (clicked) => {
    this.setState(() => ({
      toggle: !this.state.toggle,
    }));
  };

  handleAmount = (e) => {
    this.setState(() => ({
      amount: e.target.value,
      toggle: !this.state.toggle,
    }));
  };

            <p
              value="1"
              className={`${this.state.toggleHide ? "hide" : ""}`}
            >
              1 WHALE

            <p
              value="2"
              className={`${this.state.toggleHide ? "hide" : ""}`}
            >
              2 WHALES

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Sponsorships from our partner organizations help CEJ's mission of supporting Oregon's legal aid programs. Because of these generous contributions, our neighbors will learn how to protect their rights, more people can have access to a lawyer if they need one, and fairness in the justice system is advanced. We hope that the benefits from these sponsorships will help our partner organizations promote their businesses to lawyers, and we hope to continue these relationships for many years to come.
If your business or organization is interested in sponsoring one of CEJ's events, please review this sponsorship information and then e-mail us or call us at 503.295.8442 with any questions.
Click here to take a look at our Annual Luncheon program.


text:
Adult Education at Chabad
Classes |
Daily Study |
Torah for the Times |
Class Request |
Rosh Chodesh Society for Women |
Jewish Learning Institute |
Pathways to the Soul Women's Class |
Tamar's Story
IDLE IS IDOL
No sooner than the Mishkan, the temporary Sanctuary in the desert, is dedicated, the Torah proceeds to discuss the laws of Kashrus: which animals, fish and fowl are permissible for consumption.
Commentators ask why the Torah addresses this particular subject at this point. Is there a connection between the dedication of the Sanctuary and the dietary laws?
Another question relates to the timing for the reading of Shemini. This year, we read it right after the Festival of Passover. This proximity suggests that there is also a connection between the kosher diet and Redemption.
In truth, both connections are there and are themselves related. Our consumption of food parallels the offering of sacrifices in the Temple. In both scenarios the animal is elevated to a higher spiritual plane. In the case of the Temple sacrifices, a single offering had the power to affect animals on a macro level, including our internal Animal Souls. When we consume kosher food we accomplish the same effect on a micro level. Consuming kosher food is our individual way of elevating the physical world and paves the way for the Redemption that will commence with the building of the Third Bais Hamikdash.
To better understand the power of eating kosher food let us reflect first on the two signs the Torah gives us to identify the species of animals that are kosher, fit for consumption.
The two signs are enigmatic. How is it possible that an animal's split hooves and cud chewing make it worthier for our consumption than an animal that lacks these two signs?
This question leads us to consider the physical properties and functionality of these two signs:
The Idle is an Idol
Before we reflect on the significance of the split-hoof, we must first discuss its prerequisite — the hoof itself.
An animal uses its hooves to get from one place to another. Most hoofed mammals graze for their food. They must often travel long distances in a day to find food and water, and when threatened by predators they prefer to flee rather than fight. It is therefore important that they be able to walk or run for a long time. Hoofed mammals have hooves because this extremely hard surface helps them travel across rough ground.
In short, the hoof enables the animal to get from one place to another without hurting its feet. The hoof facilitates travel.
For an animal to even be a "candidate" for being kosher it must possess hooves because they signify a mandatory human trait: the desire to get from one place to another. Staying in one place results in stagnation and will prove to be destructive to one's very life.
The Talmud, in its discussion of the mutual obligations husbands and wives have in their marriage, states that a wife should not delegate all of her domestic responsibilities to maids notwithstanding her family's immense wealth. No person, the Talmud says, can be allowed to remain idle. Idleness can lead to all sorts of immorality and vice.
On the surface this appears difficult for us to understand. How can otherwise decent and refined people go astray just because they have time on their hand?
In truth, it is not that idleness leads to immorality; idleness is itself immoral. Idleness contradicts the very raison d'etreof our existence. "A person was born to toil," states the Biblical book of Job. We have been created to be in motion every moment of our lives. Seen from this color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8000001907349px; background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll white;">The Fast Horse
To illustrate the point, there is a story of a brilliant young chosid who rebelled against his parents' Chassidic ways and strayed from Judaism. His Rebbe (in one version I heard from my grandfather, a"h, it was the Ba'al Shem Tov; in another version I heard it was the Tzemach Tzedek, the third Lubavitcher Rebbe) approached him and posed the following question:
"Which is better, a healthy steed or an old, crippled horse?" (I think one may still use the term "cripple" for a horse, even in our p.c. world.)
The young man was puzzled by the absurdity of the question, but when pressed to give an answer, he replied, "Why, certainly the healthy horse is better."
The Rebbe demurred. "A healthy horse can stray very far from the road, while a crippled horse cannot stray so far."
"Aha" countered the young man, "but a healthy horse can always return to the road, when it realizes it has strayed…"
The Rebbe did not need to elaborate on the message the young man himself had blurted out. He was the healthy steed who, though he may have strayed far, remained capable of returning to the proper path with lightning speed. In fact, that is exactly what he did!
Idleness is wrong but not because it can lead to vice. Idleness is a vice all by itself and that is why it can easily lead one to other vices. In fact, inactivity is a direct assault on one's very existence.
An Animal Soul without hooves cannot be kosher; lack of hooves is a sign that one has no desire to move, which can frequently be more dangerous to the soul than moving in the wrong direction.
Once we have ascertained that a person's Animal Soul is aware of its raison d'etre, we can can check for the rest of the first sign, for it is obvious that mobility in and of itself is not kosher unless it goes in the right direction. The right direction is determined by a higher source; a source of light and true enlightenment. That light comes from multiple, but related, sources. The light is both the G‑dly light of Torah and Mitzvos and the light that emanates from our G‑dly Souls. For the internal Animal Soul to benefit from the guiding direction of G‑dly light, it must be open and receptive. That is the meaning of the split hoof: it is an aperture through which the light can enter and guide the Animal Soul in the correct direction.
However, an animal's split hooves, while an absolute prerequisite for it being kosher and permissible for us to consume, does not suffice. The animal must also chew its cud, which is a metaphor for persistent reflection on our direction in life. If we were primarily conscious of our G‑dly Soul, with our Animal Soul being a mere interloper or even a reluctant guest, we would not have to worry too much about the Animal Soul's ability to distort the G‑dly Soul's illumination. In reality though, the Animal Soul dominates our consciousness most of the time. The danger is that when the G‑dly Soul sends its message to our conscious mind it will become muddled and we will misinterpret the meaning. To eliminate that possibility, we must go through repeated exercises of reflection and introspection before allowing our "Animal" to go in any direction.
Exile is Not Kosher
The Midrash links the non-kosher animals listed in the Torah to our various periods of exile. Exile is mistakenly thought of primarily as a time when we have been driven out of our land and persecuted by the powers under which we find ourselves. This is only partially true. An even more serious effect of exile is the sense of comfort we can begin to feel as we adjust to our exile conditions. After a while, we cease longing for return to our Land and rebuilding the Bais Hamikdash. Golus-exile becomes tolerable.
Indeed, we have just celebrated Passover, concerning which the Torah relates G‑d's declaration to the Jewish people about their deliverance. G‑d promises to liberate them and uses four expressions of redemption, corresponding to the Four Cups of wine we are required to drink at the Seder.
The very first statement was: "I will take you out from under the burdens of Egypt." The Hebrew word for burden can also be rendered "tolerance." Hence the verse can now read: "I will take you out of the [state in which you developed a] tolerance for Egypt." Even before G‑d promises to save the Jews from their slave labor by the exodus from Egypt itself, G‑d promises to take them out of their tolerance and acceptance of exile.
Even before we remove the shackles of exile ("… and I will save you from their labor") which is the first active stage of Redemption, we must first cultivate a desire to get out of exile as expressed in the first part of the verse: "I will take you out of tolerance for Egypt." Those who remain inactive and lack the initiative needed to get out of Golus - because they have learned to tolerate it - lack the very foundation necessary for Redemption.
Once we learn to become intolerant of exile, we can then proceed to throw off the shackles of the Animal Soul and enjoy complete Redemption, as expressed in the subsequent words: "I will redeem you with an outstretched arm and with great acts of judgment. I will take you as a people for Myself and I will be a G‑d to you…"
To become the beneficiaries of G‑d's "outstretched arm," we must have "split hoofs" and "chew our cud" to make ample and uncluttered space within our animal ambitions for G‑d's "outstretched arm."
It is no mere coincidence that the Torah mentions a kosher diet in the reading after Passover, and in the context of the dedication of the Sanctuary. By introducing light into our Animal Souls, which direct it towards Redemption ("split hooves"), and by never ceasing to regurgitate these thoughts ("chewing of the cud") it guarantees that the Divine energies unleashed during our Redemption from Egypt will be repeated with even more vigor in the Final Redemption.
Tazria - Metzorah
Acharei-Kedoshim
Beha'alotcha


Now lets talk about Day 3 which was perhaps the most relaxing day of our entire trip. We'd decided to spend the entire day exploring the hotel and unwinding at the beach. And so it started with ordering a floating breakfast in our pool villa, and believe me when I say it was a feast for the eyes. All the effort that goes into putting your favourite delicacies together, and making it look so picturesque, is truly commendable.
After relishing our meal, we went for a walk on the beach. Honestly, its one place where I regain my sanity. I can be by the sea for hours admiring its beauty and enjoying the peace.
Of course I couldn't stop myself from taking a dip in the hotel pool as well cuz it was way too beautiful to resist!
Evening was reserved for some shopping and strolling through the streets of Seminyak. Being in the centre of the city, it is definitely Bali's most stylish and upscale resort area, with lots of clubs, bars, designer boutiques and branded stores.
The next day we zeroed in on Tanah Lot temple. Famed for its unique offshore setting and sunset backdrops, this ancient Hindu shrine is simply among Bali's not-to-be missed icons.
The temple is located in the Beraban village of the Tabanan regency, an approximate 20km northwest of Kuta, and is included on most tours to Bali's western and central regions.
I highly recommend visiting Tanah Lot early in the morning as it gets quite hot and crowded during the day.
Post the temple visit, we decided to hit Sundara bar in Jimbaran for lunch. Few of my friends had recommended this place and honestly, it was totally worth the hype. Jimbaran is one of the most beautiful beaches in Bali and the tranquility and peace you find here can be a perfect antidote to a stressful world.
Since it was our last night in Bali, we chose the very popular Motel Mexicola which was located in Seminyak itself and was just a few minutes away from W. This colourful and quirky Mexican bar and restaurant is the best place to enjoy a good night, with simple and affordable Mexican food, and great drinks and atmosphere. We loved the whole vibe of this place and danced the night away along with the ecstatic crowd present there.
We only had a few hours before we left Bali. So the POA was to swim, eat, drink and absorb the beauty of this place as much as we could.
How did we commute in Bali? Cabs.
Did we book a tour? No. Did everything on our own.
I've been to quite a few beach destinations in the past, but Bali has surprised me to another level altogether. The tropical greens, the rocky beaches, the enchanting temple views, the crazy nightlife, everything about this place makes you want to stay a little more.


text:
Why do people keep getting Alfa Romeo and Racing Point's new names wrong?
Dieter's Inbox
19th September 2019, 11:51 19th September 2019, 11:52 | Written by Dieter Rencken
Look up the official list of chassis entered in the 2019 F1 world championship and you won't find a Sauber or a Force India. But even in the latter stages of the season, not everyone has processed the change to Alfa Romeo and Sauber.
Kimi Raikkonen, in his inimitable style, gave perhaps the best example of this earlier in the season. Tracking a Racing Point around Monaco, he complained: "I have that Force India or whatever the fuck it's called [ahead]."
There was some wonderful irony at play there, for the two most mis-identified teams on the current grid are undoubtedly Racing Point, formerly Force India (and previously Spyker, Midland and Jordan); and Raikkonen's Alfa Romeo, formerly Sauber.
Nor is Raikkonen the only person to have been confused by the transition. When Red Bull were preparing to show Pierre Gasly the door, Christian Horner complained he "shouldn't be racing Saubers" – meaning, of course, Alfa Romeos like Raikkonen's.
I do not recall similar confusion after Minardi was renamed Toro Rosso. Or, for that matter, when Jaguar morphed into Red Bull Racing. After Daimler acquired Brawn at the end of 2009 the team was immediately known as Mercedes. I don't recall the W01s being mistakes for Brawns.
Why, then, the confusion between Racing Point and Force India; and between Alfa Romeo and Sauber? Of course this is primarily a question of optics.
Racing Point inherited Force India's BWT sponsorship complete with pink livery. This year's Alfa Romeo sports the same white and red colours as did last year's Sauber. Indeed, Alfa Romeo/Sauber's operating company remains PP Sauber Engineering – and is owned by the same consortium that acquired the team in 2016 – with Alfa Romeo having no management input into the team's operations.
Contrast that with the examples above. When Brawn became Mercedes, there was no confusing the white and yellow car that had won the 2008 championship and the Silver Arrows. Ditto, Jaguar's British Racing Green was as far a cry from Red Bull. And Toro Rosso were more likely to be confused with the latter, their sister team, than the black Minardis they replaced.
Sauber's Alfa Romeo's pre-season livery was more distinctive
Would Kimi still think 'Force India' were the Racing Point ahead of him in Monaco now line green and not the pink familiar from Force India's last two campaigns? Ditto, if the Alfa Romeos were scarlet, and not mostly Sauber white, would confusion continue to prevail about those cars?
But livery confusion may be just one part of the reason why these new names haven't stuck.
In the case of Alfa Romeo, it has increased an existing commercial relationship from last year's livery deal – which entitled it to nominate a driver – to a three-year naming rights deal, with the team name officially changing to Alfa Romeo Racing from Sauber. This is distinctly different from, for example, the Brawn-Mercedes relationship, as the Three-Pointed Star had bought that team outright.
Hence, with the same operating company and virtually identical livery to last year, it is not difficult to fathom why Sauber continues to be known by its original moniker.
Racing Point's situation is different. Here the ownership of the team has changed. When Lawrence Stroll's consortium took over, they originally suggested that Racing Point was simply an off-the-shelf 'holding name' to be used until a more formal name could be registered.
But, after considering various options, Racing Point remained its title. There were suggestions the team might resurrect a famous name from F1's past, such as Lola or Brabham, but neither came to pass – likely for licencing reasons.
Force India's Racing Point's unobstrusive logo
The bigger question is, though: What is the name 'Racing Point' actually meant to convey? Sauber is derived from it's founder's family name, as was Minardi.
Had Racing Point adopted the same approach they might have been called 'Team Stroll'. Would that look strange in light of the fact Lawrence's son Lance is one of their drivers? It hasn't stopped Marco Andretti and Graham Rahal having long stints at their respective parents' IndyCar teams.
There are no doubts about the origins of Red Bull or Toro Rosso – the latter being simply Italian for 'Red Bull'. 'Racing Point' is a more nebulous term compared to that, or indeed its previous identity.
Even Racing Point's logo seems – excuse the pun – a bit pointless, being 'Racing' followed by a dot signifying a point. It's almost as if it's been designed to be overlooked. The team may prefer not to be regarded as Force India any more given that brands connections to Vijay Mallya, but it's not as if they've given us a compelling new identity to latch on to.
[dietersinbox]
Dieter's Inbox
Who was the greatest F1 driver of all time?
Would the FIA strip a team or driver of a title for breaking the budget cap?
Is F1's 2021 rules package the best available compromise?
What was the most glorious period of F1 history?
Would Kubica's 2019 return have gone better at another team?
Browse all Dieter's Inbox articles
Posted on 19th September 2019, 11:51 19th September 2019, 11:52 Author Dieter RenckenCategories 2019 F1 season articles, Dieter's InboxTags alfa romeo, F1, formula 1, formula one, racing point
40 comments on "Why do people keep getting Alfa Romeo and Racing Point's new names wrong?"
Dominique (@tryneplague)
Correction, 2009, not 2008:
When Brawn became Mercedes, there was no confusing the white and yellow car that had won the "2009" championship and the Silver Arrows.
MrBoerns (@mrboerns)
Actually, the Arrows was Orange :P
graham228221 (@graham228221)
was Brawn not white and lime green? or am i going mad/colour blind?
GongTong (@gongtong)
@graham228221 it was definitely yellow. Either that or I'm going mad/colour blind.
@gongtong this is green isn't it??https://static.goodwood.com/globalassets/.road–racing/race/historic/2019/february/damien-brawn-gp/f1-brawn-gp-2009-lat-goodwood-25022019.jpg?crop=(0,147,2600,1610)&width=1600
@graham228221 I said yellow. The missus said green.
I googled "Brawn GP colors [sic]":
"Jenson Button performed its shakedown – the car featuring white, fluorescent chartreuse yellow and black colours."
Further Googling (I really should go to bed and forget about this)
"The web color chartreuse is the color precisely halfway between green and yellow, so it is 50% green and 50% yellow. It is one of the tertiary colors of the HSV color wheel, also known as the RGB color wheel. Another name for this color is chartreuse green."
If it's 50/50 green and yellow, and green is 50/50 yellow and blue, then I make it 75% yellow.
@gongtong and i googled chartreuse: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chartreuse_(color)
It is "is a color between yellow and green" so… we're both right? Although it is now me and your better half against you, so you're kinda outvoted soz :p
@graham228221 I'd have been completely happy with accepting that we were both right, however now that she's involved I'm refusing to back down. I'm sticking with it being more yellow then green, because your green half has to contain some yellow too.
Lee H (@stopitrawr)
I have the official Brawn Jenson T Shirt.
The colour is definitely yellow on this.
Indeed seems that people are still making mistakes with the names :-D
@bascb – :)
On the first line of the article no less, priceless. haha
Because Racing Point is a stupid name.
Yeah, and Force India is brilliant.
C'mon at least Force India had a clear purpose. Not a great name, but at least it made some sense.
I think it's also to do with the fact that certain teams established a name for themselves running under that name.
Sauber have their obvious heritage, and even taking Force India, they built up a name as "the plucky team that could (on a shoestring)".
While Brawn did impressively well in their only year, it was just a year, and not long enough to let the name bed in.
@phylyp I'm with you. Plus Brawn wasn't replaced by some "Team Stroll", they were bought by one of hte biggest names in the business. So it was difficult to make a mistake. Everyone knows Mercedes.
Sure Alfa is famous too, but they are just a name, it's not an Alfa engine or an Alfa chassis… and, as you say, they replaced Sauber, which had been one of the longest running teams in the sport.
Because, Racing Point being a bland name isn't a good argument. Force India was ridiculous when they arrived, and we called them that from day 1.
Ryan Jackson
I think as stated in the article, it has a lot to do with the liveries of both teams being almost unchanged from their counterparts last year. I think if the Alfa and the RP both had completely different liveries designs or colour schemes this year, it would make them much more easily distinguishable.
Hakk The Rack
The issue is a livery. Those teams have the same livery as their predecessors. You may change the name of a washing powder from X to Y, but in perceive of the customer it will stay X. A girl may marry a man and change her name, but people will call her maiden name in some period. Minardi transferred to Toro Rosso, they changed almost everything: name, drivers, the livery. When you saw Toro Roso you never thought: that's ex-Minardi. Vettel won in Toro Rosso, not in a Minardi.
Sauber are still Sauber. Alfa Romeo is their sponsor but once that deal ends, the team will be called Sauber again. It's no different to when McLaren were called Vodafone McLaren Mercedes – I don't consider Vodafone to have won a Championship!
Racing Point is different because it's a new company and that is their actual name now. The problem they have is that on top of picking an awful name, they haven't even got any of their own branding as everything is in BWT colours.
No way, man, Sauber is not a Sauber any more, their full name is Alfa Romeo Racing, there's no Sauber word in their name at all. It's like Jorday was not a Jorday when they renamed it into Spyker.
Vodafone Mclaren, like Marlboro McLaren was a sponsor's name in front of team name, it was a McLaren sponsored by this or that, but Alfa is an Alfa, not a Sauber sponsored by Alfa.
Hans Ueli
"but Alfa is an Alfa, not a Sauber sponsored by Alfa."
Yes it is. It is exactly that. The company, the people, the location are still the same (well with the fluctuation of people working there) as last year.
Alfa just gave enough money to Sauber to change the name they registered for this current F1 season, thus it is only a sponsored name, from their main sponsor, Alfa.
Andrew Eade
Yes it is certainly a sauber sponsored by Alfa. The previous guy was mostly joking about the Vodafone thing, but it's more true than Sauber being gone. The team was less Sauber when it was BMW Sauber and the name was still included.
Silfen (@silfen)
You're wrong. The team name may not be Sauber but the entry still is owned by Sauber AG, not Alfa Romeo and the people behind it are still the same.
May be not completely like Vodafone McLaren, but more like Virgin Racing in 2010, who also bought naming rights from Manor Grand Prix without actually buying the team, which was sold to Marussia a year later and renamed to Marussia a year after that.
It is because people only remember the winners. At least 70 out of 100 will say Neil Armstrong as the first Human to set his foot on Moon. Do anyone remember the second one. You need to Google. Samewise Sauber and Force India established their name with their true passion and commitment for their respective team
They had their own Missions and Vision for their success.
Hard earned success is always appreciated.
Even a half built Manor is well appreciated than a fully Ferrari sponsored Haas.
Aleš Norský (@gpfacts)
Personally, I think Racing Point is just fine, because Force India was no better…although not as bad as Toro Rosso, the worst name for F1 team ever! As for Alfa Romeo, I don't really see this to be full factory effort…it definitely feels like it is just about the name only and Sauber still is the team, which operates from Hinwill. Their F2 outfit still is called Sauber Junior Team, after all, and there is no Alfa Romeo engine or anything. I would much rather see Alfa Romeo to forget about Formula 1 and put their efforts into WSC to challenge Toyota.
Matteo (@m-bagattini)
IIRC, Will Buxton said earlier this season that the… point of the Racing Point name is to work well alongside the sponsor name. So this year it can be seen as Sport Pesa Racing •
If they'll have Samsonite next year – don't really know why this brand but it's now funny to imagine a suitcase with F1 wheels – it will be Samsonite Racing • and so on.
In a way, the team name disappears giving more relevance to the sponsor.
Rikard
I like the name Racing Point. Isn't it about raising a point, too? Double entendres make my heart happy.
JohnH (@johnrkh)
Sauber are not Alfa Romeo simple as that, besides the sponsorship there is nothing connecting them to Alfa.
Just a small mistake in the article:
"operating company remains PP Sauber Engineering"
There is the "consortium" of companies, Sauber Group.
Sauber Motorsport, which handles the construction and running of the cars at the F1 races
Sauber Aerodynamics, which is maintaining, operating etc the windtunnel in Hinwil
Sauber Engineering, which is an engineering service provider, or whatever its called. They provide engineering solutions, but do not operate the F1 team.
erikje
Someone seems to have missed something..
Even Racing Point's logo seems – excuse the pun – a bit pointless, being 'Racing' followed by a dot signifying a point. It's almost as if it's been designed to be overlooked.
That's completely on purpose.
They wanted to be known as: sportpesa racing.
But as i recall changing the name again was troublesome.
Neil (@neilosjames)
I'm a somewhat obsessive F1 nut but my mind still thinks of the pink cars as Force Indias. Verbally it ends up as something along the lines of "Force India… well, they're called Racing Point now, but…" with an occasional mention of what a silly name Racing Point is. I think it's a lot to do with the lack of meaning or identity in the name (something that bothered me back in 2018). It still comes off as a placeholder, not an actual name, and the 'identity' of the team, in my head, is still Force India.
Sauber/Alfa Romeo is a bit like a dual identity… I don't necessarily think of the team as one or the other, which is probably the closest to reality. Alfa is a strong, recognised brand so that's found its way into my head much quicker than Racing Point… only, 'Alfa Romeo' is a manufacturer to me, and Sauber Romeo are a quasi-independent Ferrari customer team. They're still so Saubery – still in Hinwil, still mediocre, still run by Frederic Vasseur, still under the wing of a big team. So my head's struggling a little with truly applying the name 'Alfa Romeo' to the team.
You can paint a duck pink and call it a pig, but if it still quacks, swims and looks like a duck… it's a duck.
Jimmi Cynic (@jimmi-cynic)
Great comment, @neilosjames! Highway Saubery at its finest. At least FI isn't Racing Pointless, even if their identity is.
Sauber is one of the longest standing names/teams on the grid, and in fact, is still the main driving force behind the team. Alfa Romeo has paid them enough sponsor money to have the racing team named after them. Big financial positive for the team, (I get it, well done Vasseur!) but not enough for fans to bother using the name.
Force India, as goofy as it sounds for non-indian people, was used because the team's owner wanted to represent India in motorsports. That is a goal that most people can come to respect on some level, especially after becoming known as the team that can design slippery cars and can deliver on the tracks with higher speeds.
Racing Point is a "Meh" name, as un-offensive and un-imaginative as possible, given to the team because it had to be given a name quickly, since Papa was in a rush to buy his Babby a new toy.
Here is a thought: Papa and his Babby are both fashionistas. Perhaps Racing Point's name could also change as the Stars and the Moons align and old silly names become "So last season." Future name considerations:
Point Nepotism
Daddy-Got-Money-Like-Dat (Logo partnership with Katt Williams!)
Money do Buy, Babby no Cry
My Papa Will Sue Your Papa
Pista Fashionista
Jouet De BéBé
For me the 2 cases are different:
It took me a bit of time to say Alfa Romeo instead of Sauber, but not anymore. Maybe the livery is too similar, maybe Alfa is just a name at this stage. But for me the main stuff is that Sauber has been there for ages and it took me a bit of time to adjust.
For Racing point, i'm still not adjusted, and need to think twice to get it right… That name is meaningless and awful, might be that my brain just don't want to store it ;-)
Duncan Snowden
I have no problem with people calling the Alfas "Saubers". They are Saubers, just as the late '80s Mercedes sportscars were. I think both names are acceptable, as long as people are aware the team is officially entered as "Alfa Romeo".
Racing Point… it's trickier. It reminds me of Arrows, which nobody ever called "Footwork", or Leyton House, which always remained "March" to many. Of course the circumstances are different, but when you come up with an unexciting name, don't be surprised if people prefer the old one. This sort of confusion isn't unprecedented.
I still say EJ should have licenced his monicker back to them. :)
robinsonf1 (@)
Yeah well I still call this site F1 Fanatic, so there! *stroppy child voice*
Quick Nick
27th December 2019, 1:58
Just wait for all the confusion next year when Torro Rosso gets rebranded as Alfa Tauri! First of all, stupid name. Second, having two Alfas on a ten team grid, one affiliated to Ferrari and the other to Red Bull, is just really sad and lame.
Previous Previous post: F2 newcomer Isaakyan to substitute for injured Correa
Next Next post: Vettel: 2019 "not the worst" time of my career


text:
Snowmass man charged with selling fake elk permits
Jason Auslander
jauslander@aspentimes.com
Aspen police arrested a 27-year-old Snowmass man Wednesday and charged him with selling fake New Mexico elk-hunting permits, according to court documents.
Joshua Meacham is facing two counts of felony theft after a more than 10-month investigation by Aspen police. Meacham, who also manufactures marijuana patches in Aspen, faced similar charges in Arizona in 2009, according to court documents.
The Pitkin County Sheriff's Office first began investigating Meacham in November when a woman who paid $3,625 for an elk-hunting permit on eBay contacted an officer, according to an arrest-warrant affidavit filed in Pitkin County District Court. The woman told Pitkin County Sheriff's investigator Brad Gibson she never received the permit.
In April, Gibson spoke to another man who paid Meacham $6,300 for an unspecified number of elk-hunting permits in the same area of New Mexico as the first victim, the affidavit states. The man never received the permits.
Meacham called Gibson in April and promised to furnish documentation that proved the elk permits were legitimate but never did, according to the affidavit.
After finding out he was under investigation, Meacham later paid back both people who bought the alleged New Mexico permits, the affidavit states.
Gibson also received two police reports from the Navajo County Sheriff's Office in Arizona, which alleged that Meacham sold hunting permits over the Internet and never delivered them, the affidavit states. He was charged with felony fraud in that case.
However, the case was dismissed after Meacham paid back the $8,950 he received for the permits, the affidavit states.
Meacham also was charged with larceny in Florida in May, though that case also was dismissed when he paid money owed in the case, according to court documents.
In January, the authority that issues marijuana licenses in Aspen delayed giving Meacham a license to manufacture cannabis-infused patches because an Aspen police detective pointed out that he didn't include on his application that he'd been cited in Arizona for driving with a revoked license and failure to appear in court.
The Local Licensing Authority granted the license two days later, and Meacham began manufacturing the patches in March.
Meacham is due in court in October on the theft charges.


text:
Venezuela: Coups, media and stalemates -- what the violent right-wing protests mean
Thousands of Chavistas marched through central Merida on February 12. Chants condemned the recent spate of right-wing violence and called for support for Nicolas Maduro. (Ryan Mallett-Outtrim/Venezuelanalysis).
By Ryan Mallett-Outtrim, Ewan Robertson and Tamara Pearson
February 14, 2014 -- Venezuelanalysis.com -- Venezuelanalysis.com's staff writers offer their insights on the violent protests that have been occurring in the country: the opposition's strategy, how the media have reacted and the implications of the protests for the Bolivarian Revolution.
#1: An opposition coup against the opposition
The Venezuelan opposition has launched a coup against itself, not against the government. Two strains of the opposition movement are vying for dominance over each other, though they both share the same overarching strategy.
The current opposition strategy is to pressure Nicolas Maduro into resigning from office, and prompt another presidential election. They intend to win the next election by terrorising swing voters into capitulating to the opposition.
For now, this is the only real option available to the opposition. The military is firmly aligned with Chavismo, ruling out a repeat of the April 2002 coup attempt. However, a possible recall referendum is still two years away, plus the far right is short sighted and generally apathetic towards democracy anyway.
Maduro's slim electoral victory last April illustrated that a sizable chunk of the electorate can quickly swing from Chavismo to the opposition if enough pressure is applied. In April 2013, all the opposition needed was a simple carrot and stick. Opposition candidate Henrique Capriles' well choreographed electoral campaign promising a squeaky clean Chavez-lite was backed by a convenient spike in scarcity. And he almost won.
In the lead up to the February 12 violence, Venezuelans have faced more demoralising scarcity than last April. Along with daily queues outside supermarkets, in places like Merida there has been a steady stream of violence from opposition groups in recent weeks. Now, they're upping the ante.
Although the vast majority of the opposition appear to back the forced resignation strategy, there are two distinct camps. The moderate majority of the opposition movement have advocated for peaceful demonstrations against Maduro, against a backdrop of growing hostility between the government and the private sector.
In recent weeks Capriles has become something of a poster child of the moderates. He had drifted away from extremism, and expressed willingness to work with the Maduro administration. Yet he has remained firmly on the right, and critical of the government. In the long term, this kind of moderate figure is exactly what the opposition movement needs if it wants to win power. Fringe extremists like lawmaker Maria Machado, Caracas Mayor Antonio Ledezma and Voluntad Popular's Leopoldo Lopez should know they will increasingly become irrelevant as the opposition movement tries to win the centre. Their insurrectionist tactics and uncompromising fanaticism are relics of the last decade, and unappealing to both the moderate opposition and the wavering Chavistas they need.
Like the moderates, the extremist minority is pushing for Maduro to resign. However, they differ from the majority opposition in two respects.
Firstly, they are terrorists. The extremist fringe is willing to employ as much violence and chaos as possible to blackmail Maduro into surrender and terrorise the public. They're armed, fanatical and they're trying to provoke a bloodbath. For them, violence is just an additional lever to stall the revolution, along with applying pressure to middle ground voters. After all, if the government can't maintain basic security on the streets, how can they possibly deal with the economy; let along deepen the revolution?
If they fail in their ultimate goal and Maduro doesn't break, then the least they can do is continue obstructing the government.
Secondly, the fringe right-wing knows the sun is setting on them, and the current violence is an eleventh hour attempt to cling to political relevance and radicalise the moderates. So far, the vast majority of the opposition movement has failed to condemn the aggression of the extremists. Hence, if we are witnessing an attempted coup, it's against Capriles and the moderate opposition strain he represents. Power hungry extremists like Machado, Ledezma and Lopez aspire to seize the reigns of the opposition movement. To them, Capriles has become meek and weighed down by two failed presidential bids. If they can provoke the bloodbath they desperately desire, they could replace the moderates as the dominant opposition force.
#2: What the media said and didn't say
By Ewan Robertson
There have been mixed responses from both national and international media following Wednesday, February 12, violence in Venezuela, which left three dead and several dozen wounded. In particular, there have been contradictory accounts of exactly what happened in the surrounds of the Attorney General's office in Caracas, when an opposition activist, Bassil Alejandro Dacosta (24), and a Chavista social activist, Juan Montoya (40), were both killed by gunshots as armed groups emerged on the scene toward the end of the opposition's march in the area.
Venezuelan media
Both state owned and independent pro-government outlets alleged that Wednesday's violence, including the two murders which occurred near the Attorney General's office, was planned by right-wing opposition leader Leopoldo Lopez and perpetrated by radical armed opposition groups. In a report titled "Right-Wing Shock Group Causes Death and Chaos", Caracas-based newspaper Ciudad CCS further said that according to unofficial reports, Juan Montoya was shot from a nearby building, suggesting a premeditated attack. It also mentioned the presence of "violent motorbike riders" who "threw stones and large objects at the police and National Guard".
Venezuelan media also reported Attorney General Luisa Ortega Diaz's statement, which said that "political operators" and "50 hooded people" had appeared at the end of the opposition march and engaged in acts of violence against those present. Ortega said that the nature of the violence appeared "planned" by "fascists", which suggests that she suspects that radical opposition groups were behind the crimes.
Several politically-neutral private Venezuelan media sources, such as newspaper Ultimas Noticias and website Noticias 24, chose not to comment in detail on the events surrounding the violence. They reported the government's and opposition's reactions to the events, without attempting to attribute the violence to either side.
Some pro-opposition media outlets accused security forces and pro-government groups called colectivos of perpetrating violent acts and the murders yesterday. Conservative newspaper El Universal said that Montoya and Dacosta died from "shots by colectivos and SEBIN (the national intelligence service)". National opposition newspapers El Nacional and Tal Cual made similar accusations, in editorials titled "Brutal Attack" and "Absurd Violence", in which they claimed that police forces or colectivos (depending on the version) opened fire on anti-government protesters.
International media
Perhaps due to conflicting reports of Wednesday's violence and with the official investigation just beginning, many international media outlets did not take a strong partisan line in their coverage. CNN Español wrote a rather neutral report which didn't document the violent events in detail, however mentioned both the government's and radical opposition's interpretations of the day. Meanwhile Spanish-language network Telesur, which is favourable to the Venezuelan government, led with a piece arguing that police involvement in yesterday's killings was ruled out, however it also did not offer a conclusion as to who the assassins were. The article further lamented that, "The events yesterday reflect that the opposition has once again chosen the path of destabilisation".
In English-language media, Reuters news agency wrote a fairly straightforward article which despite having journalists on the scene, could only report that the two murders yesterday afternoon occurred in "chaotic scenes" during post-protest violence. The agency also mentioned the current division within the opposition between moderates and hardliners, and that violent hardliners have been blocking roads and creating unrest (although it didn't mention that these groups are sometimes armed and attack civilians) as part of a strategy to try and force President Maduro from office.
Other international outlets took a more interpretive angle on yesterday's violence, either tacitly or openly nodding to the opposition's line of "authorities cracking down on peaceful student protesters". Britain's Sky News led its article with hard-line opposition leader Maria Corina Machado's claim that two student protesters had been killed for "raising their voices" against the government. Associated Press' (AP) piece, reproduced in a variety of sources such as Fox News, hinted the same line, leading with, "Armed vigilantes on motorcycles attacked anti-government demonstrators in Venezuela". AP said the attackers were "unidentified".
The BBC meanwhile seems to have simply borrowed its article from Associated Press. The article de-contextualised yesterday's events by omitting to explain the hard-line opposition's "exit" strategy to force Maduro's resignation, or the presence and actions of armed opposition radicals at protests in recent weeks. Al-Jazeera went further, stating what some other international media have implied but have not said due to lack of evidence, by writing of Wednesday's violence, "Armed members of a pro-government vigilante group arrived on motorcycles and began firing at more than 100 anti-Maduro student protesters".
As Venezuelan authorities begin to investigate those responsible for Wednesday's violence, international media have suddenly turned their attention to events in the country. However these reports have often failed to explain the context of yesterday's protests, such as the hard-line opposition's "exit" strategy to try and force the government's resignation, or the violent actions of radical opposition groups on city streets over the past week and a half building up to yesterday's protests. Some reports also failed to mention the peaceful pro-government demonstrations that occurred on the same day.
Perhaps eager to brand the Venezuelan government with the "repressive" tag, at least a few international outlets have even suggested that Wednesday's violence and deaths were due to "pro-government vigilantes" at a time when such a conclusion is far from clear, as the debate within Venezuela over the events highlights.
In several of the articles the radical opposition's violent actions, both on Wednesday and in recent days, have been whitewashed from the story. The BBC was a case in point. These outlets should be more responsible in their reporting so as not to mislead the global public on what is currently happening in Venezuela. As the radical wing of the opposition once again attempts to force the government's "exit" through street actions and violence rather than more democratic mechanisms, accurate reporting will be key for international observers to understand this crucial political juncture for the country.
#3: A complex psychological war and what this means for the Bolivarian Revolution
By Tamara Pearson
Over the past six weeks, since the opposition lost the municipal elections, and then after the Christmas and New Year period that followed, things have gotten worse here. Prices have skyrocketed, with shops charging the black market exchange rate rather than the official one, despite most of them buying products at the official rate. The usual products are scarce (hard to find, if not impossible: milk, oil, sugar, margarine, cornmeal) and a few more have been added to the list: mayonnaise, and most soaps. Metronidazol, for common gastric infections has also become scarce. There are alternatives to Metronidozal, and the reality is you can wash most things with cheap shampoo; you don't need all the different dish and clothes soaps and so on.
Most people also have most of the scarce products like sugar and margarine stocked up at home. In some barrios gas, for cooking, has been harder to get. The economic reality is a little bit tough, but what is tougher is the psychological effect all of this has on people. That feeling of insecurity, of not being sure you will be able to get the product you need, or be able to afford it. This causes people to form huge queues when a product does arrive, which in turn deepens the psychological impact. At the same time, the black market rate – not at all based on the real value of the bolivar – continues to climb, and there's a 'what if' if one's head... what if they manage hyperinflation?
On top of this, we have the media constantly lying about what is going on here and about what the government does, as well as the verbal abuse towards Chavistas on social networks. Then, over the last few weeks, in some parts of Venezuela, the most violent sectors of the opposition have been active. Here in Merida it started off with a few "students" blocking the main road; burning tires and garbage on it, and throwing rocks at anyone who tried to get close. They had no placards. From last Friday those protests escalated, both in terms of violence, people involved, and roads closed. It has been hard to get to school, work, and the hospital, and the frustration, inconvenience, and fear that comes with these sorts of actions combines with the aforementioned economic insecurity. The cacerolas (pot-banging protests) that started last night in my barrio and in a few others here and in other cities also cause anxiety.
Sometimes, the extent to which these sorts of war of attrition strategies affect people depends on where you live or work. Many workplaces, for example, have access to Mercal food products. Other barrios are much calmer, and other parts of the country are peaceful.
Now, the government has made mistakes, but purchasing power has basically continuously risen until mid last year, and inflation has also been around the 15-30% mark until mid last year. The worsening of above measures since then are clearly intentional, both for their political aims and the fact that they drastically increase the wealthy sector's profits. They came at a time when, with Chavez gone, the revolution was perceived to be more vulnerable. They are destructive measures that aim to wear people down and for collective fear and anxiety; three solid ingredients for paving the way for conservative forces. The political opposition may have lost all except one election in the last fifteen years, but the economic opposition is in a stronger position. And the hard thing about that opposition is they are less visible, and also seemingly less divided than the political opposition.
One consequence of this three pronged attack (economic, media, and violence) on the Bolivarian revolution is that the national government has been forced to go on the defensive; constantly trying to counter the price speculation, the media attacks and so on. Though the government has also tried to get on with things; with science programs, housing, cultural programs, the street government, and so on, too much of its effort has had to go into trying to just stay above water. Maduro emphasised in his address tonight (13 February) the importance of ruling by law – fair enough – yet it is hard to imagine this Law of Prices and the 30% profit limit being enforced in the thousands of shops in each city. If the grassroots were more organised to defend our rights, perhaps we could.
Maduro also said, "The most important thing is to keep governing, to keep working". Most movement activists, mission workers, and public sector workers have been doing just that, despite the climate. At the alternative school where I teach for example, we've had all sorts of activists over the last few weeks coming and wanting to do workshops, mural painting, and help out. A group started a rehabilitation program, and the state foundation for science and technology met with us and provided us with a worker for our computing and internet room. However, in this sort of climate it is still harder to deepen revolutionary organisation in the way that we'd like.
The question is how this will work out in the long term. While perhaps a few Chavistas, affected by the real drop in purchasing power, might tire and change sides, most people are firm in their convictions, with government supporters largely (but often with constructive criticism) believing the public press, and opposition supporters believing (and being manipulated by) the private media.
It seems unlikely that the far-right, violent sector of the opposition will achieve its goal of forcing Maduro to resign, yet it is also hard for the revolution to move forward. At worse, it could be seen as a kind of checkmate, and at best, a determined revolution that is being slowed down, but little by little is actually building the communes and worker run production units, and so on, that it would like. On the one hand, the level of organisation of the bases here is incredible, but organisations tend to work (very hard) in their own trinchera – trench, and there is a lack of real regional and national articulation between the bases.
As we've seen in 2002/3, situations like this don't have to make things worse, they can be the crisis that pushes grassroots and national politics to radicalise, however this lack of broader articulation makes that difficult, if not impossible.


Today's post on downtown Dubai is a guest blog by Medha Verma from www.hoppingfeet.com.
Downtown Dubai is one of the most stylish, lively and entertainment-filled places in Dubai and is home to the iconic Burj Khalifa. If you're visiting Dubai, a trip to this place and its attractions should be on the top of your list. Families, couples, and young travellers have more than enough options to keep them busy and entertained (check out the best family hotels in Dubai). Here are the Top 10 things to do in Downtown Dubai.
What can be better than going to the 124th floor of the tallest building in the world, and standing at an open-air observation deck (the highest in the world) and staring down at the beautiful cityscape of Dubai? The experience is amazing right from the moment you enter, as you walk through the corridors and learn through pictures, about the story of how the Burj Khalifa was conceptualized and built, to the elevator that zips you up within a minute, to the 124th floor and finally, the spectacular views from the top!
The experience is amazing right from the moment you enter, as you walk through the corridors and learn through pictures, about the story of how Burj Khalifa was conceptualized and built, to the elevator that zips you up within a minute, to the 124th floor and finally, the spectacular views from the top!
Many people often compare these to the Bellagio Fountains in Las Vegas. In my opinion, Dubai Fountains are a class apart! They're magical, synchronized beautifully to variety of music ranging from Bollywood tunes, instrumental music, old English melodies and Arabic tunes.
I am not exaggerating when I say that your heart almost skips a beat when the music hits a high note and the fountains shoot exceptionally high, with the sparkling Burj Khalifa in the backdrop. The shows start in the evening right before sunset and take place every 30 minutes until 11 pm.
Dubai Aquarium is inside the Dubai Mall and is said to have the largest acrylic panel in the world. Although you can view this from the outside, without paying to go inside, I recommend experiencing the Underwater Zoo and other interesting things inside the Dubai Aquarium. A walk through the tunnel followed by a glass-bottom boat ride or even shark dive in the aquarium are a few interesting things offered. The lesser adventurous can just explore the fascinating aquatic world by visiting the zoo, where several sea creatures are exhibited in their natural habitat.
A recently opened attraction and a popular one at that, Dubai Opera is an exquisite landmark even from the outside because of its architectural genius and how it blends beautifully with the futuristic buildings in its surroundings. It hosts the biggest names from around the world in opera, ballet, theatre and classical music and even if you're not into these things, just the magnificence of the experience makes it worth visiting at least once!
This Olympic-size Ice Rink is located right in the middle of Dubai Mall and is perfect for people with all skill levels – from the beginners to the masters. Even if you're a little sceptical of trying your skills, just watching people skate on an artificially created ice-floor in a city that is one of the hottest during summer, is an awe-inspiring experience. And if you're unable to resist joining in the fun but don't know how to skate – just get the little penguin pals (skating aids) and have some fun!
A chic indoor souk located right across Dubai Mall, Souk Al Bahar is a shopping and dining destination in itself. Many restaurants here offer outdoor seating with views of the Dubai Fountain and unlike most restaurants on the Dubai Mall side, you can get alcoholic beverages here! You can also pick up some handicrafts, accessories, and souvenirs at the stalls and shops located here. Although slightly more expensive than the markets and outdoor souks, the variety here is quite interesting.
The largest mall in the world has some of the most fashionable brands from around the world. Name it and you'll find it in the Dubai Mall. It is not possible to be able to explore the entire mall in one day so you'll have to be smart and pick the stores of your choice. Make sure to be in comfortable footwear, there's a lot of walking required! The mall is usually crowded but it is so large that you probably won't even feel it! This retail heaven is not a place you should skip. And even if you cannot afford it, a walk across the Fashion Avenue featuring the top designers, is an incredible experience!
I pick this dining outlet specifically because of its setting. A wild artificial tropical rainforest, with animal sounds in the background, the jungle theme comes alive in the smallest of details. I am not a big fan of their food but sometimes, the experience and ambience make for the lack of good taste! You will not regret it.
Dubai is known for doing everything with finesse and style, and the trolley is the perfect example. A Hop-on Hop-off tramway that does a 7-km loop around Downtown, this is the perfect way to explore the area. It usually runs at a leisurely speed giving you enough time to absorb the surroundings. You can choose to either sit in the open deck or the closed air-conditioned space. The pretty red and gold trolley can be boarded from outside Dubai Mall, right across Burj Khalifa and the Dubai Fountains.
The perfect place to visit in the winter, the alfresco cafes and restaurants here are a must-visit. Located right next to Dubai Opera on a street that is adorned with brightly lit trees, it feels like the festival season here! But this is not rare, the place is always lively and buzzing, especially from November – April and people want to make the most of the cooler weather.


These sentences reveal the philosophy to which Italian fashion designer Nanni Strada devoted her practice, as well as all her life. Nanni Strada, born in Milan "during war years" (as stated in her biography), has dedicated her life to rewriting the rules of fashion, establishing fashion as a practice spiritually linked more with industrial design than with art. Playing with her own native language, in 1971 she designs the so-called 'habitable dress' (abito abitabile): with no lining, no size, adjustable fastenings and no reinforcements, just kept together by so-called 'welding stitches', until then used solely in knitwear. The application of this technique to the creation of fabric itself brought Strada to further experimentations, perpetually seeking purism in architectural forms of clothes.
In 1974, she presents Il Manto e la Pelle (The Mantle and the Skin) – a documentary illustrating geometric, two-dimensional, compressible clothes assembled with futuristic stitching and tight tubular garments without seams – the seamless suit, a project developed in collaboration with Calza Bloch. This sartorial innovation opened new frontiers and broke the rules of pattern-making, opening new possibilities altogether in the fields of knitwear and underwear. The project, presented at the Milan Triennale, will eventually, in 1979, win the prestigious design award Compasso D'Oro. 1974 is also the year Mappamodello was published. It was a catalogue featuring designs conceived for the competition Arab-Islamic National Dress, which then formed the designer's collection produced and distributed by Oriente e Cina, a shop in the centre of Milan. This publication combines structured, geometric clothing – Strada's trademark – garments with an eastern origin, as well as pieces of workwear, all in one singular pattern.
The interest in different cultures and places has always influenced her design practice, and travels have served as a moment of discovery and enrichment, translated into clothes that, once again, pushed the boundaries. The Torchons, another invention dated 1986, were dresses made in pure linen, to be kept furled to maintain the pleats in place, designed precisely for traveling: smart but still elegant, these were clothes that re-affirmed that fashion does not mean slavery to obsolete diktats, but has to be lived as a support to a life lived to the fullest. In 1988, Strada unites draped Indian linen and traditional Scottish tartan in her project The elegance of the hybrid. Not contamination, but hybridization. It served as a way to gather elements from different cultures and make them work together, to create a language that carries messages from different philosophies and traditions.
Capable of capturing the zeitgeist of the time – similar are the results of Issey Miyake, whose experimentation led him to succeed in 'sculpting' the fabric, with his famous pleats – Nanni Strada's informal and timeless designs are still to be admired as examples of endless research and deep reflection upon the necessities of an ever-evolving reality.


In HIV infection, a protein produced by infected cells penetrates immune B cells, preventing them from producing antibodies that could do the virus real harm. That finding by WeillCornellMedicalCollege researchers could alter the way experts view HIV, helping to explain how the virus evades the immune system in the first days and weeks of infection. It also helps unravel a longstanding paradox in HIV treatment: The fact that patients can have high blood levels of immune T cells and yet still be vulnerable to the virus.
"It's because the virus produces this protein, negative factor (Nef), which enters B cells to prevent antibodies being targeted to HIV. This process leaves other, less targeted immune responses intact -- but since they pose little threat to the virus, HIV proliferates," explained lead researcher Dr. Andrea Cerutti, assistant professor of pathology and laboratory medicine at Weill Medical College of Cornell University, in New York City.
The findings appear in this month's issue of Nature Immunology.
For years, scientists have associated Nef with HIV infection -- in fact, it is found in all HIV-infected cells. "But the common wisdom was that Nef never appeared in healthy immune cells," Cerutti said.
However, his lab's earlier in vivo studies using lymph nodes from HIV-positive patients revealed high concentrations of Nef in B cells located within the germinal centers of lymph nodal glands. Germinal centers are specialized structures that foster production of IgG and IgA antibodies capable of recognizing microbial targets with high affinity and specificity. These antibodies are extremely important to the human immune response as they can provide protection against infectious agents, including viruses.
Driven by signals from CD4+ T cells (which roam the body looking for threats), germinal center B cells produce immunoglobulin (Ig) antibodies that specifically target invading microorganisms. Maturing B cells initially produce a relatively nonspecific antibody, IgM, but through a process called "class switching," IgM transforms into more targeted antibodies that acquire novel functions, such as the capacity to reach mucosal surfaces. Then, a second process, called "somatic hypermutation," increases the specificity with which IgG and IgA antibodies bind to their targets.
"The end products of the germinal center reaction are highly specific IgG and IgA antibodies -- they're like molecular bullets aimed at a particular target," Dr. Cerutti said.
One antibody, IgA, is HIV's most fearsome foe.
"It's specifically designed to fight pathogens like HIV that invade through the body's mucosa -- those moist, semi-permeable tissues found in the urogenital tract, the intestinal tract, or the mouth and throat," Cerutti explained. Another "class-switched" antibody, IgG, enhances systemic immune cell responses against HIV and other infectious agents.
However, scientists have long known that HIV dampens B cell production of mucosal IgA specific for HIV. It was also known that HIV-1 weakens systemic IgG and IgA responses against opportunistic infections and vaccines early in the infection process. The question was, how?
Encouraged by their earlier discovery of Nef in uninfected B-cells, Cerutti's team followed up with in vitro studies in the lab. They found that Nef does penetrate B-cells.
"It's only a theory, but we believe the protein escapes from dying, infected cells nearby and then enters the 'bystander' B cell," Cerutti said.
Once inside, Nef disrupts critical signaling pathways essential to the class switching process.
The result: dramatic reductions in the production of "class-switched" IgA and IgG. In other words, by releasing Nef into B cells, HIV disarms the immune system of two of its most powerful antiviral weapons.
In the meantime, however, the production of non-specific and low affinity IgM, IgG, and IgA antibodies -- that pose little or no threat to HIV -- goes on unabated, causing a clinical manifestation known as hypergammaglobulinemia. Much of this production seems to take place outside the germinal centers and is triggered at least, in part, by a mechanism that does not require CD4+ T cells.
"That could explain why patients can have robust T cell counts and antibody levels early in the infection process but mount such a poor defense against HIV," said Dr. Daniel Knowles, a study co-author and chairman of Weill Cornell's Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine. "It's been a real puzzle to researchers and physicians alike."
Of course, any drug that could inhibit Nef could prove a potent new weapon against HIV/AIDS. "Many people are trying to come up with a Nef inhibitor, but, as far as I know, there's been no success yet," Cerutti said.
"That's the obvious goal here. Nef might not be the only reason HIV-infected people have impaired antibody responses, but it probably plays a big role," he said. "Our next step is to figure out how Nef penetrates B cells, with the hope that we can somehow stop that from happening. We are collaborating with Dr. John P. Moore here at Weill Cornell to address this and other important questions."
This work was funded by grants from the National Institutes of Health.
Co-researchers include lead researcher Dr. Xugang Qiao, now at Columbia University, New York City; and Dr. Bing He and Dr. Amy Chadburn, both of Weill Cornell Medical College.


Stuffed with your choice of thinly sliced Philly steak with grilled onions, banana peppers, provolone cheese, lettuce, tomatoes and mayo.
A tortilla shell with lettuce, tomatoes, cucumbers, onions, Mandarin oranges and cheddar cheese. Topped with grilled chicken breast and our honey-bacon dressing.
Three gourmet breaded chicken tenders and julienne strips of ham over lettuce with cucumbers, tomatoes, onions, and cheddar cheese.
Romaine, tomatoes, Mandarin oranges, and red onions topped with strips of grilled teriyaki chicken. Sprinkled with oriental noodles. Served with Mandarin ginger dressing.
Our bigger better burgers are a half-pound of 100% ground chuck, served on a kaiser roll with lettuce, tomato, mayo, and red onions with fries.
Crispy Guinness beer battered Cod with seasoned waffled fries. Served with coleslaw and malted vinegar.
Crispy fried flounder fillet with lettuce, tomato, and red onions. Served with tartar upon request.


text:
Posted on 23rd February 2015 by Penny
Views of Euston, looking to the past
The original station at Euston opened in 1837, in time for the coronation of Queen Victoria. The 70 foot high Euston Arch formed the entrance to the station. By the 1930s however the decision had been made to tear down the building and replace it: however, with the advent of the second world war, this was delayed until the 1960s when the West Coast Mainline was electrified.
The Euston arch was in the way of the new station and consideration was given to moving it elsewhere. But in a money-saving exercise, the then Secretary of State for transport announced that the arch would be demolished: rebuilding it would cost £190,000 at the time: demolition would cost £12,000. The rubble was dumped in a river in east London.
A colour brochure published for the opening in 1968 described new station glowingly, in terms that are familiar to anyone reading HS2 Ltd literature:
"This publication marks a unique occasion in the history of transport in this country – the complete reconstruction of the first main line railway terminal to be built in London…
"…The rebuilding of Euston Station, under active consideration for more than 50 years, has been undertaken as part of the London Midland Region's main line electrification scheme which links London, the West Midlands and the North-West.
"Here was a challenge indeed for the railway architects – to produce a new station bold in design and layout and in keeping with a new railway era. As a result, an imaginative and distinctive design has been produced making the station the most modern rail terminal to be found anywhere, with many features including an underground car park."
Once again, moves are afoot to rebuild Euston station. If HS2 goes ahead, there will need to be extra platforms, but designing it is proving tricky for HS2 engineers. Two different designs have been made public and rejected by HS2 or the Department for Transport: a third unpublished design has also been ditched due to publics with the budget. The next is due for September or October this year.
In the HS2 referendum debate, transport minister John Hayes, in language that would have fitted in to the 1968 brochure praising the current Euston design proclaimed:
"I am absolutely determined that the development of Euston should be ambitious and bold in the way she described. I am absolutely determined that we should end with something that takes its inspiration from the arch. We do not want some vile, low-budget, modern monstrosity… So, I will not be constrained in my ambitions in the way she says, and I could hardly be so, given that I claimed earlier to believe that politicians in this place should be bold, courageous, ambitious and inventive. I want a neoclassical building on a grand scale at Euston, and it does not take a lot of working out to realise that the inspiration—the genesis for that—should come from the redeveloped arch."
This plan has not met with universal delight, even amongst those who like railway heritage. The Camden Railway Heritage Trust have told the Camden New Journal that they will campaign to block plans to rebuild the Arch, describing it as a "solitary monument".
According to the New Journal
But Mr Darley, chairman of the Trust, said his body would rather the arch is returned in pieces and left in Euston Square Gardens as seating – as a reminder of its destruction.
He said: "This is an irrelevant and unnecessary diversion from creating a modern world class station and protecting Euston Square Gardens as a public open space in front of the station. …
"These would be a stark reminder of the monument's destruction, creating a classical vista not unlike the ruins of the Roman Forum, as well as provide public seating."
With the number of attempts to design the next iteration of Euston station, it seems its beyond the capabilities of HS2 engineers to create something within the £20,000 million budget. Meanwhile the Euston Arch Trust (who say rebuilding the Arch will cost £10 million) will be having an exhibition in Euston gardens in March.
No related content found.
One comment to "Views of Euston, looking to the past"
Pingback: Imitation is the sincerest form of flattery | Penspot


Seeq® is an innovative software application that enables users to get more value out of their data, including the Emerson Advanced Continuous Historian or the OSIsoft® PI System®, by providing interactive, visual tools to accelerate industrial process analytics. Users of Seeq experience faster time to insight, achieving results in minutes that replace days of manual work with industrial process data sets. Seeq's approach to accelerating insight leverages innovations in data storage and analytics technologies.
Users benefit from dramatically faster time to insight on scenarios such as production yield optimization, asset monitoring and performance, and remote operations to improve bottom line results.


SkateLog Forum - View Single Post - What is your favorite outdoor wheels?
Thread: What is your favorite outdoor wheels?
Yur're right they are awesome. I didn't used them for a while, because the space between the bearings is 10 mm. This doesn't fit at my current plates. But a Sure-Grip Classic NTS plate and long speed axles are waiting here for the right boots. Then I will mount the wheels again.
I think at the time I was skating mine I was using Satellites and the axles were plenty long enough on those. Also the hubs in my Variflex were black. If you would, be on the lookout for me set over there would ya?


Logo wanted - for new bitcoin forum.
Bitcoin Forum > Economy > Marketplace > Services (Moderators: malevolent, Cyrus, hilariousandco) > Logo wanted - for new bitcoin forum.
It should be in the discourse style. Thanks.
Re: Logo wanted - for new bitcoin forum.
Hey dogisland, just popping in and say that I would love to create your new logo for you. I'm a professional freelance designer, you can find a lot of my work here: https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=121039. I have a concept ready for the your new design and will make sure it looks beautiful and meshes with your site. PM me if you are interested, thanks!
I can do this for 0.75BTC, PM me if you want a chat!
Can show you samples of what I can do.
Yeah why im doing it to cheap?
I'm already working on this for him Just so you guys know.
I worry ironcross... I have seen you posting a LOT and it seems you will try to take anything on for BitCoin... even if you dont perhaps have relevant skills.


text:
Religion and Culture
Hezbollah Drones Target Al-Nusra Front's Positions at Syrian Border
Sunday, September 21, 2014 No comments
During the operations Hezbollah pounded positions of the radical Syrian rebels on the outskirts of the Northeastern town of Arsal using drones, heavy fire and cannons.
At least 23 terrorists were killed and tens of others were injured, while ground troops arrested several terrorists in another part of the operations.
Also the Hezbollah forces repelled an attack by the terrorists in Ra's al-Ma'rah region and Nahlah heights.
This was the first time ever that the Hezbollah resistance group used drone to bomb the terrorists. The resistance group formerly used drones for reconnaissance missions.
The attacks also killed Abu Laith al-Shami, a Lebanese national and ringleader of one of the terrorist groups.
The operations were conducted after the al-Nusra Front claimed responsibility late Saturday for an attack that targeted a Hezbollah checkpoint in Northeast Lebanon. The terrorist group said the attack destroyed a 57 millimeter cannon but did not elaborate.
At least three were killed in a suicide bombing which targeted a Hezbollah checkpoint in East Lebanon Saturday evening, security sources said.
But Hezbollah's al-Manar TV said the blast left no casualties.
The bombing, which occurred in the village of Khreibeh near the border with Syria, came one day after the killing of three Army soldiers in the Bekaa Valley.
ISIL, Middle East, Religion and Culture, Syria, wahhabism
About Islamic Societies Review
SPEECH OF PRESIDENT CRISTINA FERNÁNDEZ DURING THE ...
U.S. senior official: The Syria policy people are ...
The United States use of drones strikes under Pres...
Obama says US 'underestimated' rise of ISIS, admit...
69th regular session of the General Assembly
"funding different groups... frankly, a [was] slop...
US ties itself in legal knots to cover shifting ra...
Domestic and international legal authority for att...
The Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) group c...
Hezbollah Drones Target Al-Nusra Front's Positions...
How Qatar is funding the rise of Islamist extremists
Turkish President and Prime Minister offer differe...
Airstrike Uncertainties: Obama's Dangerously Vague...
Transcript: Iranian Foreign Minister Zarif's Full ...
Another "Islamic bank" is declared bankrupt; Erdo...
'No good terrorists': Lavrov urges anti-ISIS coali...
Iran rejected US request for cooperation against ISIL
Crisis meeting in Paris comes as France begins rec...
ISIL, not Assad regime, is beheading people--Musli...
David Cameron needs a new approach in Syria if he ...
President Obama Addresses the Nation on the ISIL T...
Professor fired for Israel criticism urges Univers...
Qatar and political power is leveraged by media an...
You Can't Understand ISIS If You Don't Know the Hi...
Eleven Planes Missing From Tripoli Airport After I...
Libya in Chaos: Vijay Prashad on Rise of Islamist ...
To impose their wahhabi interpretation of Islam, S...


written. They are called collectively the key-signature.
it is almost certain that the entire composition is in the minor key.
measure two. The effect of such accidentals terminates at the bar.
represent C unless the sharp is repeated as in Fig. 17.
The Worcester Musical Manual, by Charles I. Rice.
1. To sharp a natural degree, use a sharp. Fig. 18.
2. To sharp a sharped degree, use a double sharp. Fig. 19.
3. To sharp a flatted degree, use a natural. Fig. 20.
4. To flat a natural degree, use a flat. Fig. 21.
5. To flat a flatted degree, use a double flat. Fig. 22.
6. To flat a sharped degree, use a natural. Fig. 23.
keyboard instruments at least) are enharmonically the same.
viz.--a change in notation but no change in the pitch represented.
as long as would be indicated by a quarter-note in the same composition.
Whole-note. An open note-head without stem.
Half-note. An open note-head with stem.
Quarter-note. A closed note-head with stem.
Eighth-note. A closed note-head with stem and one hook.
Sixteenth-note. A closed note-head with stem and two hooks.
Thirty-second-note. A closed note-head with stem and three hooks.
nomenclature: e.g., semi-breve rest, etc.
indicate a tone having four beats.
after J. This use of the word, although popular, is incorrect.
a division, movement, or entire composition.
repetition, and this is indicated as in Fig. 24.
repeat marks during the repetition.
Sec. 157, for discussion of coda).
In Fig. 28 the repetition of an entire measure is called for.
thus . Three measures thus .
several performers are engaged at the same time.
between two sections of a composition.
often indicated by the termination of the dotted (or wavy) line.
is represented by the space above the fifth line, treble staff.
referred to as one-lined. Thus--one-lined D, one-lined G, etc.
the small octave as c^2, d^2, etc.


text:
Propeller Cavitation Explained
Enjoying time out on the water can be a great experience. For boating enthusiasts, though, some of the focus will likely be on the quality of their boat, the engine they are using, and the propeller that drives them through the water. This is especially true for anyone who wants to race their boat, or who is looking to get the most power and efficiency from their engine and propeller combination. Cavitation is one aspect of the propeller that can make a difference. Here is what to know about it.
How a Marine Propeller Works
When a marine propeller turns, the blade moves through the water based on the torque the propeller absorbs from the engine. This torque comes from the revolutions of the engine, which creates horsepower that is transferred, ultimately, to the propeller blade. It is converted to thrust, and that pushes the vessel through the water. The positive pressure on the blade's face, and negative pressure on the back side of that same blade, are big parts of creating that thrust, based on how they work together.
What many people do not realize, though, is that there can be damage to the propeller blades from this process. The negative pressure at the back of the blade causes any gas that is in the water to form into bubbles. This is similar to the bubbles found in champagne, when the bottle is opened. The bubbles collapse as the propeller moves through the water and that causes serious impact loads on the blades. These can be similar to hammer blows and, in time, will cause visible damage.
The Power and Thrust Ratio Must be Within Specific Values
If either the power or the thrust are not within ranges that are specific to the propeller type, the depth at which it is being used, and the flow where it works properly, the flow pattern of water over the blades will be incorrect. As that pattern breaks down, propeller cavitation occurs. Cavitation is the term used for the actual breakdown of the flow pattern, which results in both propeller damage and loss of thrust at a level which is noticeable. The cavitating flow cannot produce proper thrust for the blades.
Cavitation bubbles are a serious concern for anyone with a conventional propeller, because significant damage to the overall hydrofoil can occur from the vapor bubbles that are collecting in the water and striking the surface of the blades. With the right flow, cavitation ceases to become an issue. Not only can the cavitation that occurs with improper flow cause harm to the blades, but a cavitating propeller can also result in harm to the rudder, and even to the steelwork that is part of the vessel's hull.
What to Look for When Detecting Cavitation
Among the most important things to do, to reduce or eliminate cavitation issues with a ship's propeller, is to discover the problem early. The faster it is found, the faster it can be corrected before it does a lot of damage. A small amount of cavitation may not be enough to put a propeller at risk, but a large amount certainly could be. Add to that the lack of thrust that comes with cavitation, and a ship can quickly become far less fun and a lot more work.
When searching for cavitation, the most obvious thing to look for is the actual, physical damage to the blade. The cavitation itself is a process, or an occurrence, and difficult to see while it is happening. But the results of that cavitation appear in the pitting of the blade and the harm that comes to it over time. The kind of cavitation that is taking place results in different types of damage, which can help a boat's owner determine exactly what might be taking place when the propeller is in the water.
For example, bubble cavitation typically causes damage mid-chord, while sheet cavitation is seen across the entire blade. If these kinds of issues are discovered during the design and creation stages of propeller development, changes can be made to the propeller itself. There are options to adjust the propeller in order to reduce concerns.
How to Solve the Issue, and Protect the Propeller
By adjusting the propeller pitch and flow velocity, bubble cavitation may be reduced. That can eliminate the development of gas bubbles, which are the cause of the pitting issues on a boat propeller. Sheet cavitation and vortex cavitation can also occur, as the swirling of the water around the prop blade and propeller shaft, as well as the blade tip, can all lead to a cavitation tunnel that funnels the gas bubbles right into the blades. The trailing edge of the prop must smoothly move through the water to avoid this.
Propeller design is another area to consider, when working to reduce risk to the blade surface from cavitation damage. A boat propeller is solid and strong, but does have ways in which it can be put at risk. The diameter of the boat propeller, the engine RPM, and the static pressure around the blades as they move through water can all add up to cause concerns with vibration, corrosion, and cavitation. Catching these types of problems means correcting them so the damage to the blades does not continue.
By addressing the propeller diameter, blade shape, blade size and blade pitch, it is possible to reduce the chances that a cavitation burn will start to harm the propeller efficiency. The fluctuation of the pressure field around a cavitating propeller can spell disaster for the blades, and can also mean the vessel will operate at a much lower level of thrust than it should, given the size of the engine and the available power and torque offered. The right prop can make a difference.