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The phenomenon, described as thermopower waves, "opens up a new area of energy research, which is rare," says Michael Strano, MIT's Charles and Hilda Roddey Associate Professor of Chemical Engineering, who was the senior author of a paper describing the new findings that appeared in Nature Materials on March 7. The lead author was Wonjoon Choi, a doctoral student in mechanical engineering.
In the new experiments, each of these electrically and thermally conductive nanotubes was coated with a layer of a highly reactive fuel that can produce heat by decomposing. This fuel was then ignited at one end of the nanotube using either a laser beam or a high-voltage spark, and the result was a fast-moving thermal wave traveling along the length of the carbon nanotube like a flame speeding along the length of a lit fuse. Heat from the fuel goes into the nanotube where it travels thousands of times faster than in the fuel itself. As the heat feeds back to the fuel coating, a thermal wave is created that is guided along the nanotube. With a temperature of 3,000 kelvins, this ring of heat speads along the tube 10,000 times faster than the normal spread of this chemical reaction. The heating produced by that combustion, it turns out, also pushes electrons along the tube, creating a substantial electrical current.
Combustion waves — like this pulse of heat hurtling along a wire — "have been studied mathematically for more than 100 years," Strano says, but he was the first to predict that such waves could be guided by a nanotube or nanowire and that this wave of heat could push an electrical current along that wire.
In the group's initial experiments, Strano says, when they wired up the carbon nanotubes with their fuel coating in order to study the reaction, "lo and behold, we were really surprised by the size of the resulting voltage peak" that propagated along the wire.
The amount of power released, he says, is much greater than that predicted by thermoelectric calculations. While many semiconductor materials can produce an electric potential when heated, through something called the Seebeck effect, that effect is very weak in carbon. "There's something else happening here," he says. "We call it electron entrainment since part of the current appears to scale with wave velocity."
Because this is such a new discovery, he says, it's hard to predict yet exactly what the practical applications will be. But he suggests that one possible application would be in enabling new kinds of ultra-small electronic devices — for example, a devices the size of grains of rice, perhaps a sensor or treatment device that could be injected into the body. Or it could lead to "environmental sensors that could be scattered like dust in the air," he says.
In theory, he says, such devices could maintain their power indefinitely until used, unlike batteries whose charge leaks away gradually as they sit unused. And while the individual nanowires are tiny, Strano suggests that they could be made in large arrays in order to supply significant amounts of power for larger devices.
One area the researchers plan to pursue is the fact that their theory predicts that using different kinds of reactive materials for the coating, the wave front could oscillate, thus producing an alternating current. That opens up a variety of possibilities, Strano says, because alternating current is the basis for radio waves such as cell phone transmissions, but present energy-storage systems all produce direct current. "Our theory predicted these oscillations before we began to observe them in our data," he says.
Also, the present versions of the system have low efficiency, because much power is being given off as heat and light. The team plans to work on improving that efficiency.


text:
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High Point University > Global Education > Global Programs > University of Essex
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Colchester, England
The University of Essex has been named the University of the Year at the Times Higher Education Awards 2018! Set in over 200 acres of beautiful parkland, the University of Essex is a public research university in Colchester, Essex, England.
With students from more than 130 countries and over 40% of students coming from outside the UK, the University of Essex has one of the most international student communities out of all mainstream English universities outside London, according to the Times and Sunday Times Good University Guide 2017. The university is ranked 18th globally for international outlook by the Times Higher Education World University Rankings.
The University of Essex was established in 1963 and received its Royal Charter in 1965. It is located in historic, 200-acre Wivenhoe Park just outside Colchester. The park was originally landscaped in the eighteenth century. Today, its striking landscape, which is home to a range of plants and wildlife including some historical trees, provides a tranquil place for all to enjoy. The Colchester Campus was designed as a university town with all facilities on one site. Within easy walking distance, you will find teaching buildings, student accommodations, shops, banks, a gallery, a theatre, bars and cafés, and sports facilities. This creates a friendly and diverse atmosphere and helps the campus community get to know one another, get around easily, and get involved in a whole range of activities without having to travel too far.
The university's largest campus is located within Wivenhoe Park in the English county of Essex, less than a mile from the town of Wivenhoe and two miles from the town of Colchester – England's oldest recorded town. Essex is a county in the east of England and is situated east of London. From pretty villages set in peaceful surroundings to busy market towns steeped in history, from tranquil walks along wide sandy beaches to town centers brimming with history and culture, there is plenty on offer in the beautiful county of Essex. View a tour of the Colchester campus from the University of Essex's Student Union President.
Tuition & Academic Fees
Standard HPU rates to be paid to HPU.
University of Essex rates to be paid to the University of Essex.
Meals are self-catered.
At the time of publishing, the rate is estimated at $325 per semester, to be paid to HPU.
Students will be responsible for all travel, immigration, and personal and other expenses.
Applications are due during the spring semester prior to the study abroad term.
Fall Semester Study Abroad:
- October through December
- Application Deadline: March 1
Spring Semester Study Abroad:
- January through April
- Application Deadline: May 1
2.75 GPA & Sophomore Status
Student Portal Log In Visitor & Family Portal Access
Office of Global Education, Cottrell Hall, Suite 142
+1 (336) 841-9280 studyabroad@highpoint.edu
University of Essex Brochure
Students can enroll in a range of courses (referred to as modules) at the University of Essex. Modules are valued at 10, 15, or 20 British credits, and are equivalent to 3, 4, or 5 HPU credits, respectively. Students will enroll in 60 credits per term, although they should plan for 120 credits per term when obtaining pre-approved courses for their application, so they have alternate choices should enrollment only in their preferred modules is not available.
The University of Essex offers both single-semester and year-long modules. Students should keep the following in mind during course selection:
- If studying during only the Fall term, select modules ending in code "ZA"
- If studying during only the Spring term, select modules ending in "SP"
- If studying during the Spring/Summer terms, select modules ending in codes "SP" and/or "ZU"
- If studying for the academic year, select modules ending in codes "ZA" (fall), "SP" (spring), or "FY" (full year)
To view the full list of courses available, please visit the Course Catalog.
Credits Information
A Note on Exams for Exchange Students Studying During the Fall Term Only:
Generally, many of the subjects offered during the fall term place 100% of the class grade on a single assignment (either an exam or an essay). The exam would usually fall prior to the winter break, but the essay deadline may fall before the winter break or just after (but can be uploaded remotely online). The decision as to when the exam is held (either in December before the winter break or in January after the winter break) rests with the department. University of Essex staff can better advise students upon arrival in the Fall. Students can add and drop classes at that time to ensure they are enrolled in modules with exams that can be taken prior to the winter break.
A Note on Exams for Exchange Students Studying During the Academic Year or Spring Term Only:
Regarding Term Dates for students studying during the Spring term: Exams are held for both Spring and Summer terms at the end of the Summer term (in June). As such, students will enroll in 60 credits total over Essex's Spring and Summer terms, although modules typically are held during the Spring term--new modules generally do not start in the Summer term. Modules basing their grading on assessments only and not exams typically will require submission by the beginning of the Summer term.
A Note on the Transfer of Credit:
For High Point University to recognize the credits you complete abroad, you must earn at least a grade equivalent to a C in the U.S. HPU will not accept credit for courses with grades of C– or below. Grades for all courses earned abroad are recorded on the international transcript. Credits are received by HPU as transfer credits, which means the credit is received but the grade is not. Your HPU grade point average will not be impacted positively or negatively by your study abroad courses.
Related Academic Programs
English (B.A.)
Psychology (B.S.)
Computer Science (B.A.)
Computer Science (B.S.)
Biology (B.A., B.S.)
Mathematics (B.A.)
Mathematics (B.S.)
International Relations (B.A.)
Political Science (B.A.)
Criminal Justice (B.A.)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


re safe work practices and procedures that combine the most efficient and cost effective construction methods ... 1 Crusher Plant.Safe Work Procedures For Mobile Crusher - …Safety Procedures For Crusher. safe work procedures fixed fastening base on a portable crusher causing safe work procedures .
The power supply in such locations shall pass through a Type A ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) (portable electric tools, Reg. 851 s. 44.1). If the work is being conducted at a project, (portable electric tools, Construction Projects Regulation ( O. Reg . 213/91, s. 195.2).
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text:
class Box
{
public:
	Box();
	~Box();

	void init(	b2World* world,
				const glm::vec2 position,
				const glm::vec2 dimensions,
				Gutengine::GLTexture texture,
				Gutengine::ColorRGBA8 color,
				bool fixedRotation,
				b2BodyType bodyType,
				glm::vec4 uvRect = glm::vec4(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f));

	void draw(Gutengine::SpriteBatch& spriteBatch);

	// getter methods
	b2Body* getBody() const { return m_body; };
	b2Fixture* getFixture() const { return m_fixture; };
	const glm::vec2& getDimensions() const { return m_dimensions; };
	const Gutengine::ColorRGBA8& getColor() const { return m_color; };

	const std::vector<glm::vec2> getCorners() const;

private:
	glm::vec4 m_uvRect;
	b2Body* m_body = nullptr;
	b2Fixture* m_fixture = nullptr;
	glm::vec2 m_dimensions;

	std::vector<glm::vec2> m_corners;
	Gutengine::ColorRGBA8 m_color;
	Gutengine::GLTexture m_texture;

};

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


There are 4 home internet options and 4 business internet options in Saline City. 81.1% of homes can get fixed-line service. Competition in Saline City is much less competitive than the average US city. There are 4 home internet providers in the entire city, which is above average, but the majority of Saline City, IN residents have one option for wired internet service at their homes.
8.9% of homes can get fiber.
72.2% of homes can get DSL.
8.9% of residents in this area can get Endeavor fiber. The fastest internet service this ISP offers here is 1 Gbps+, which is the fastest available speed for Saline City, IN residential internet providers. 100% of local customers can get the fastest download speed offered by Endeavor.
For other cities, see Endeavor coverage and availability maps. TV service service is not available through Endeavor fiber in Saline City, IN. You may either call and see what bundling options are available or call for internet-only service with satellite TV.
72.2% of residents in this area can get Frontier Communications DSL. The fastest internet service this ISP offers here is 12 Mbps, which is below-average speed for Saline City, IN residential internet providers. 90.8% of local customers can get the fastest download speed offered by Frontier Communications.
The table below shows the percentage of customers who can get the speed listed in the left column. For example, 90.8% of Frontier Communications's customers can purchase download speeds somewhere in the 11 to 20 Mbps range, while 0% of customers can expect the fastest upload speed to be in the same range.
For other cities, see Frontier Communications coverage and availability maps. TV service service is not available through Frontier Communications DSL in Saline City, IN. You may either call and see what bundling options are available or call for internet-only service with satellite TV.
72.2% of residents in this area can get Frontier Communications DSL. The fastest internet service this ISP offers here is 12 Mbps, which is below-average speed for Saline City, IN business internet providers. 91% of local customers can get the fastest download speed offered by Frontier Communications.
8.9% of residents in this area can get Endeavor fiber. The fastest internet service this ISP offers here is 1 Gbps+, which is the fastest available speed for Saline City, IN business internet providers. 100% of local customers can get the fastest download speed offered by Endeavor.
As mentioned, competition in Saline City is much less competitive than the average area. The table below shows how many options you have in each speed range.


text:
Man facing deportation from Kansas gets…
Man facing deportation from Kansas gets temporary stay
PUBLISHED: February 8, 2018 at 6:46 pm | UPDATED: May 30, 2018 at 10:27 pm
LAWRENCE, Kan. (AP) — An adjunct chemistry instructor living in Kansas who was arrested last week by immigration officials and faced imminent deportation to Bangladesh has been granted a temporary stay of removal but that doesn't mean he will be allowed to stay in the U.S., his attorney said Thursday.
Syed Ahmed Jamal, 55, a native of Bangladesh who has lived in the U.S. for more than 30 years, was arrested Jan. 24 in the front yard of his home in Lawrence as he walked his children to school.
Federal Judge Glen Baker, of The Kansas City Immigration Court, issued the stay Wednesday and gave the Department of Homeland Security until Feb. 15 to respond to an emergency motion to stay the deportation and re-open immigration proceedings, attorney Rekha Sharma-Crawford said.
Jamal, who was held after his arrest in Missouri jails, is now in El Paso, Texas, and could be deported immediately — without time for an appeal — if Baker rules against him, Sharma-Crawford said. His wife, brother and three children haven't been able to speak to him since his arrest.
If a longer stay is granted, Jamal will address his legal status in immigration court, said his brother, Syed Hussein Jamal, The Kansas City Star reported .
"Basically from here, we're going to fight in court," Syed Hussein Jamal said during a news conference Thursday. "We'll see how it goes."
It was unclear why the Lawrence resident was transferred by Immigration and Customs Enforcement from Morgan County, Missouri, to Platte County, Missouri, to El Paso in one day but Sharma-Crawford said she suspects ICE intended to put him on a flight to Bangladesh without seeing his family again.
ICE officials told The Star earlier this week that a stay of removal is a "temporary humanitarian benefit. The stay is designed to allow the alien to get his/her affairs in order before they return to their home country."
The arrest and possible deportation prompted a backlash, with an online petition drawing more than 58,000 signatures and a GoFundMe campaign raising more than $37,000 in less than a week. Hundreds of sympathizers also contacted members of Congress. U.S. Kansas Republican Reps. Kevin Yoder and Lynn Jenkins, as well as Democrat Rep. Emanuel Cleaver from Missouri, contacted immigration authorities to discuss the case.
On Thursday, his relatives expressed their thanks to supporters.
"I guess I've become an activist," said Jamal's oldest son, Taseen, who is 14.
Syed Ahmed Jamal, a Bihari ethnic minority, arrived legally in the U.S. in 1987 to attend the University of Kansas but overstayed his visa while pursuing a doctorate. He has taught chemistry at area colleges and did research at hospitals. For the past five years, the Department of Homeland Security allowed Jamal to remain in the U.S. on orders of supervision, meaning he had to report on a regular basis to ICE offices, where he was issued temporary work authorization cards.
As recently as January, his work card enabled Jamal to secure a teaching position at Park University in Parkville, Missouri. He also has been an adjunct instructor at Rockhurst University and Kansas City Kansas Community College. He was on parental advisory boards at his children's schools and last year made an unsuccessful run for a seat on the Lawrence school board.
ICE has not explained why it chose to arrest Syed Ahmed Jamal last month.
This version of the story corrects the keywords to Adjunct Instructor-Immigration Arrest to make clear he is not a professor.
Gardeners, growers explore sustainable food growth
California is behind on its 2030 climate goals. What's at stake if it doesn't catch up?


I would like to talk to you today about risk.
I know that risk is ever-present in your work, as you fulfill your commitments to the beneficiaries and sponsors of your pension plans. Important risks surround the investment performance of those plans, as well as the value of pension liabilities. All of you are, no doubt, acutely aware of these risks, which have become much more pronounced over the past few years.
At the Bank of Canada, we also focus on risk as part of our commitment to Canadians. Our mandate demands that we take an economy-wide perspective on risk. In setting monetary policy to achieve our 2 per cent target for inflation, we assess the risks to the real economy and inflation. In our work promoting a stable financial system, we assess the various risks to financial stability, both in Canada and globally. It is on these risks to financial stability that I would like to focus my remarks today.
The global financial crisis was a watershed. During the crisis, many financial system risks materialized and new risks emerged. I will talk briefly about the pre-crisis setting—the Great Moderation—when risks were perceived to be diminishing. I will then discuss how this complacency was shattered, the risks that materialized and the actions being taken to address those risks. Finally, I will talk about new risks that have emerged in the global financial environment, which stem from the "two-speed" recovery of the global economy.
I would like to use this discussion today to illustrate two main points. First, the sources of risk are evolving, and continuous effort is needed to identify and track risks as they evolve. Second, risk can come from unexpected sources. That means we must strive to ensure that the Canadian and the global financial systems are resilient enough to withstand the impact of unexpected events. At the Bank of Canada, we are working on both of these fronts.
Let me begin by talking about the "Great Moderation. " For much of the past quarter-century, conventional wisdom held that the global economy was becoming increasingly stable. In the advanced countries, inflation had been tamed, recessions were milder than in the past and financial stability seemed assured. Ironically, that view was reinforced by the bursting of the dot-com bubble in 2001, which may have shaken the financial markets and given a number of you some sleepless nights but was seen as a test of the resilience of the global financial system. The Great Moderation was believed to be, at least in part, the product of sound economic policies and a sophisticated financial system that could transform and reallocate risks efficiently.
Emerging-market economies had quite a different experience during that period. Mexico, Korea, Indonesia, Thailand, Russia, Brazil and Argentina all suffered devastating crises that arose from a combination of financial system weaknesses, unsustainable public debt and external imbalances.
Then, during the last decade, the emerging-market economies, too, became progressively more stable. In most cases, they persevered in setting their public finances in order, in cleaning up their financial systems and in undertaking bold reforms to unfetter their dynamic economies. They made use of a benign global environment to reduce their external debts and build up international reserves.
There were still concerns about vulnerabilities—notably the global current account imbalances—but the risks were widely underestimated.
When the global crisis did occur, it started in an unexpected place: not on the periphery, but at the very core of the global economy, in the world's most sophisticated financial system. As stresses began to appear in the U.S. subprime-mortgage market, many knowledgeable people thought that those stresses would be easily contained, since the problem loans were relatively small and securitized so that the risk could be borne by well-informed, diversified and adequately financed investors. In the autumn of 2008, however, as we all know, this turned into a global cataclysm, which spread through the world economy and financial system. Liquidity dried up as institutions became afraid to lend to one another. Their balance sheets deteriorated as they held fire sales of assets, and investors worldwide fled from risky assets.
With the resulting credit crunches and massive loss of wealth, the financial stresses triggered the "Great Recession"—the most severe since the Second World War. In this recession, no country escaped unscathed. However, the emerging-market economies were slower to be drawn into recession and quicker to recover than the advanced economies.
The global economy is now in a two-speed recovery. Emerging-market countries have resumed robust growth. But in many of the advanced economies, notably the United States and Europe, economic growth has been sluggish, as households, firms and financial institutions continue to repair the damage to their balance sheets. As I will discuss later, this two-speed recovery creates a new configuration of risk in the global financial system.
Here in Canada, the financial system proved more robust than in other advanced economies, although problems with asset-backed commercial paper could have had very serious ramifications had it not been for timely official intervention. The Bank of Canada had to inject substantial amounts of liquidity into the system to keep core funding markets functioning. Nonetheless, Canada suffered a severe recession, mainly because of the collapse in our exports.
The recovery is now well under way, both in Canada and globally. Indeed, in Canada, we are already in an expansion, as we have surpassed pre-crisis levels of economic activity and employment. But we must still ask how the crisis happened, and what must be done to avoid a recurrence.
What happened in the crisis?
Perhaps the biggest surprise of the crisis was the fact that defaults of subprime mortgages in the United States—a small segment of that country's housing market—could cause the global financial system to unravel. As events unfolded in the autumn of 2008, we were reminded that the global financial system is bound together by an extensive web of interconnections. These interconnections among financial institutions and markets can spread trouble to unexpected places and cause small shocks to have outsized effects.
The financial crisis highlighted three main weaknesses in the way that the system handled risk.
First, many financial institutions were excessively leveraged, had inadequate cushions of capital to absorb losses and insufficient liquidity to function in stressed market conditions.
Second, the complex and opaque web of securitized lending and derivatives markets, which were believed to help the economy better manage and distribute risk, instead turned out to transmit and amplify that risk.
Third, financial institutions that were "too big to fail" had diminished incentives to manage risk and, ultimately, shifted those risks to taxpayers.
These vulnerabilities were permitted to build up—or were even fostered—by the perception of diminishing risks in the Great Moderation. Financing patterns that appeared well-constructed in the context of ever-diminishing risk turned out to be imprudent once the system came under stress. Regulation fell well behind financial innovation.
The global financial reforms launched by G-20 leaders are designed to address the three weaknesses I have just discussed. First, to reduce the incidence and severity of financial crises, financial institutions will be required to have more ample cushions of capital and liquidity. Second, steps will be taken to reduce the risk that financial markets become channels of contagion. And third, mechanisms to deal with the too-big-to-fail problem will be made more robust. I will briefly discuss each of these elements.
On financial markets, a key step is to strengthen market infrastructure to reduce systemic risk. The G-20 leaders agreed to require clearing and settlement of over-the-counter derivatives through central counterparties, and to increase transparency in those markets—which proved to be a channel of financial contagion during the crisis. A central counterparty is also being established in Canada for clearing repurchase agreements (repos), a key form of short-term financing.
To address the too-big-to-fail problem of systemically important financial institutions, work is under way to ensure that they are appropriately supervised and adequately capitalized to absorb losses, and to establish a framework for resolution in the event that they do fail.
So this, in a nutshell, is what is being done to address the weaknesses underlying the 2008 crisis, with a view to creating a more resilient global financial system. I will now go on to discuss a new pattern of risks that has emerged since the recession.
As I have already mentioned, the current global recovery is operating at two speeds, with robust growth in emerging-market economies and anaemic growth in the advanced economies. This two-speed recovery, accompanied by a widening of global economic imbalances, is at the centre of a new configuration of risks to global financial stability. These risks comprise sovereign risks, financial fragility, the search for yield, and related stresses in emerging-market economies and foreign exchange markets.
Twice a year, the Bank of Canada publishes its Financial System Review (FSR), which examines developments in the financial system with a view to identifying potential risks to its overall soundness. This publication also highlights the efforts of the Bank, and other domestic and international regulatory authorities, to mitigate those risks. The pattern of risks I am going to discuss was examined in our December 2010 issue. We are continuing to track them and will provide an updated assessment in June.
Sovereign risks have become increasingly prominent in a number of advanced economies. Many countries entered the crisis with weak fiscal positions and then were further weakened by the effect of low growth on tax revenues and the costs of economic stimulus and the bailouts of financial institutions. These problems are most acute in the peripheral countries of Europe—notably Greece, Ireland and Portugal. But many advanced economies still have precarious public finances and will need to persevere to address these problems.
Canada's fiscal position, in contrast, is stronger than that of most other advanced economies. Moreover, the domestic financial sector has limited direct exposure to the sovereign debt of peripheral euro-area countries. Nevertheless, there are a number of potential channels through which the Canadian financial system could be adversely affected by sovereign debt problems elsewhere, such as higher funding costs and a decline in asset-price valuations.
The low growth of many advanced economies has led to lingering financial fragility. The outlook for banks in Europe—and, to a lesser extent, the United States—continues to be clouded. Although many banks around the world made substantial progress in repairing their balance sheets, some remain unusually strained. They are also exposed to vulnerable economic sectors, notably residential and commercial property markets. In some cases, their funding positions are fragile, subject to fragile investor confidence.
With the weak growth of the major advanced economies, interest rates in a number of those economies are at extraordinarily low levels and are expected to remain so for an extended period. While stimulative monetary policy is needed to support the global economic recovery, this "low-for-long" scenario creates risk for the global financial system, and for the pension industry in particular.
As you know, institutional investors such as insurance companies and pension funds are often expected—or in some cases even required by contract or mandate—to deliver a target rate of return. In many cases, these targets are now unrealistic and can be met only by taking on more risk than is prudent. Changes in accounting rules, which use low, risk-free interest rates to discount liabilities while valuing assets at current market prices, increase the pressure to achieve these high returns on a continuous basis.
This is a particular instance of the "search for yield" that often accompanies a long period of very low interest rates. It may be associated with excessive credit creation and undue risk-taking as investors seek higher returns, leading to the underpricing of risk and unsustainable increases in asset prices. A number of other developments—the record issuance of high-yield debt securities in the United States, the rebound of capital flows into emerging-market economies and the popularity of commodity exchange-traded funds in recent quarters—are consistent with this pattern.
The influence of sustained low interest rates in major advanced economies on risk-taking behaviour is a powerful dynamic that bears watching.
Global imbalances are linked to the three risks I have just described and also pose some additional risks to the global financial system. The counterpart of these imbalances is that surplus countries in many cases are resisting upward pressure on their currencies and this is resulting in domestic inflationary pressures. As the authorities try to bottle up these inflationary pressures, that puts further stress on their financial systems. There is also the risk that the needed exchange rate adjustment, when it does come, will be disorderly.
These are some of the main risks to financial stability that we see emerging in the two-speed global recovery. Let me now talk briefly about how the Bank of Canada is working to sharpen its analysis of risks.
At the Bank of Canada, we are developing new risk-assessment tools and models that capture the diverse sources of risk and help us understand how they propagate through the financial system. While the Bank is making important progress in this area, we are not alone. The International Monetary Fund and the Financial Stability Board, as well as central banks and academics, are also making significant efforts in this area.
Improvements in risk-assessment frameworks will focus on detecting vulnerabilities in the financial system. The Bank of Canada is thus developing a more rigorous empirical analytic framework to complement our current analysis and market intelligence. It may be that a single model of the financial system is neither practical nor realistic. Given the complexity of the financial system, a suite of models combining a number of analytical tools, approaches and indicators could provide the best avenue for success.
While we are working to identify key risks, recent events have reminded us that we have to expect the unexpected. The earthquake and tsunami in Japan are examples of the kind of shocks that nobody had foreseen. Another example is the—no less seismic—political unrest of the Middle East.
Clearly we can't anticipate every shock. That's why it so important to ensure that the financial system is more robust, so that it can withstand the shocks that will occur. Resilience, therefore, is the main goal of the G-20 reform agenda.
Allow me to conclude. Risk is ever-present, but its nature and sources change over time.
Complacency is itself a source of risk—and indeed, the Great Moderation sowed the seeds of its own destruction as vulnerabilities were allowed to build up.
This calls for vigilance in assessing the shifting nature of risk. The Bank of Canada continues to evaluate risks, sharing its assessment with other public institutions, international counterparts and the private sector.
But we must also expect the unexpected. The only defence against the unexpected is the development of a more resilient financial system—and the current set of financial reforms will do just that.


Watching Baby Piper try on her brand-new glasses for the first time will melt your heart.
Her mom, Jessica Sinclair took to Facebook to share the reaction her daughter had when the adorable baby saw her parents clearly for the first time.
"Picked up her glasses. Went out to eat and put them on her. Her reaction melts my heart (sic)", wrote Jessica, with a smile emoticon.
At first, Piper was not keen to put the glasses on.
But everything changes when her mom finally got the glasses on!


text:
Anti-Pipeline Activists Play A Cynical, Costly Game
David Blackmon Contributor
Demonstrator use a megaphone and hold signs during a Line 3 pipeline protest outside Wells Fargo in downtown Minneapolis Thursday, Oct. 4, 2018, against Enbridge Energy's planned Line 3 replacement crude oil pipeline across northern Minnesota. (AP Photo/Jeff Baenen)
They aren't getting the national media attention that was focused on the year-long, often-violent protests of the Dakota Access Pipeline in 2016/17 , but activists are still disrupting the building of a number of pipelines around the country. Several major new oil and gas pipeline projects around the U.S. are experiencing delays and disruptions due to the ever-evolving tactics deployed by well-funded anti-development activist groups. Here are some examples that have taken place in recent weeks:
A stop-work order was issued by FERC on the Atlantic Coast Pipeline on August 13, in reaction to an August 10 decision by the 4th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals vacating two federal permits related to the joint venture between Dominion Energy and Duke Energy. The appeals court decision was issued related to a complaint filed by animal rights activists concerned about a "takings" permit issued by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFW) for the line. The order remained in effect for more than a month before being lifted on September 17, when USFW issued a replacement permit setting stricter limits on the takings allowed.
Protesters of Enbridge Energy's Line 3 project blocked a bridge in northern Minnesota on September 19 and performed a water ceremony there before being run off by law enforcement officials. Demonstrators also constructed a tipi on the bridge, but it didn't remain there for long. A local County engineer noted that the protesters delayed the work of a contractor for a few hours and that the road project related to the bridge has no relationship to the pipeline. A spokesman for Enbridge also noted, presumably without a hint of irony, that there is no Line 3-related construction going on in anywhere in Minnesota at the current time. But the demonstrators seemed unconcerned about that lack of nexus to their actions - they got the media attention the desired and no doubt walked away satisfied, deconstructed tipi in hand.
Politico Energy reports that two native American tribes brought a lawsuit on September 11 against the Trump Administration challenging its approval of the Keystone XL Pipeline's northern leg, " arguing the State Department approved the pipeline without weighing the potential damage that spills and construction could pose to cultural sites." The complaint filed by the Fort Belknap and Rosebud Sioux tribes requests that a Montana judge order the rescission of the permit granted by the administration in 2017 on the grounds that it failed to properly assess how the pipeline would impact their water and sacred lands. A hearing date has yet to be set.
In Louisiana, a suit filed by the landowners and activist groups in the Atchafalaya River basin led to the temporary halt to the construction of Energy Transfer Partners' (ETP) Bayou Bridge Pipeline project. A state judge was scheduled to hear arguments related to an injunction request on September 10, but ETP reached a last minute agreement with the plaintiffs to voluntarily stop work on a segment of the line until questions over its ability to build on private property under the state's expropriation law are settled. The process is expected to delay the restart of construction until at least November.
All of this is so counterproductive and frankly, ill-advised. These pipelines are without question the safest, most efficient and most environmentally-friendly way to move oil and natural gas to the markets they serve, and the demand for the products they transport is strong and growing stronger. While all of these pipelines will ultimately end up being completed, time is money in the midstream business, and these delays and work stoppages only serve to raise the cost of energy for everyone, while doing little if anything to protect the environment.
But the activist groups don't really care about any of that. They're in this for the conflict, because the creation and maintenance of conflict is how they raise their money. That's goal number one, the short-term goal of what they do.
Goal number two is the long game: "Keep it in the ground". These groups do want to keep the oil and gas in the ground, one of their favorite talking points, in the belief that by doing so they can dramatically increase the price of oil and gas, thus forcing a more rapid conversion to their favored "renewable" fuel sources and electric vehicles. Having failed time and time again over a decade to "keep it in the ground" by banning Fracking or other onerous measures, they decided a few years ago to take a second, less direct track to hamper the production of oil and gas by preventing the means of transporting it to market, i.e., the building of pipelines.
It's a pretty cynical game, but the good news for consumers is that it really has so far had only a marginal impact. At the end of the day, just like with Dakota Access, these lines will be completed, the oil and gas will be produced and flow to market, the lights will stay on and people will still be able to gas up their cars, albeit at a slightly higher price than should have been necessary.
David Blackmon
David Blackmon is an independent energy analyst/consultant based in Mansfield, TX. David has enjoyed a 39-year career in the oil and gas industry, the last 23 years of w...


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Category: Kansas City Green Jobs
Green Job of the Day: Chief Operating Officer, Water.org (Kansas City, MO)
Green Job of the Day is a feature of Green Collar Blog which highlights a job opening pertaining to environmental or social responsibility.
Job: Chief Operating Officer
Organization: Water.org
An excerpt of the job announcement follows below. The complete job announcement is available here.
[start excerpt]
Co-founded by Gary White and Matt Damon in 2009, Water.org represents the coming together of two organizations – WaterPartners International and H2O Africa, with combined history spanning 25 years. Together, these founding organizations have impacted more than 1.1 million lives in Africa, South Asia, and Latin America.
Water.org is a global nonprofit working to ensure safe water and basic sanitation for everyone in the world. The organization goes beyond traditional approaches to clean water and sanitation, focusing on addressing the underlying causes of this crisis and innovating to deliver sustainable change.
Momentum has built in support of Water.org. In 2008, the organization was invited to attend the Clinton Global Initiative and in 2009 was featured at CGI's opening plenary session, where Matt and Gary announced the formation of Water.org. That same year, Gary received the Skoll Foundation Award for Social Entrepreneurship, and in 2011, Time Magazine named Gary and Matt two of the 100 Most Influential People in the World for their work in delivering accessible, safe water and sanitation. In the past 12 months, Water.org secured $12 million in new grant commitments to scale WaterCredit in Asia and Africa.
The Chief Operating Officer ("COO") is critical to the success of Water.org. This individual must demonstrate the ability to operate in a progressive, forward-thinking manner with an eye toward continual innovation. The COO's primary deliverables include: building and leading teams, ensuring operational and program execution, attaining strategic and financial results, establishing processes, systems, and reporting mechanisms, and driving effective and efficient implementation – all of which will enable innovation and growth.
[end excerpt]


BOS Meaning - What Does BOS Mean?
Like SOS, but with different connotations. Means someone (like a younger brother) is watching what the person is typing.
"BOS, so don't say too much!"
This page explains what the acronym "BOS" means. The definition, example, and related terms listed above have been written and compiled by the Slangit team.


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Finding the Achilles Heel in B. cereus spores
Soni, Aswathi
This item is not available in full-text via OUR Archive.
If you are the author of this item, please contact us if you wish to discuss making the full text publicly available.
Cite this item: Soni, A. (2018). Finding the Achilles Heel in B. cereus spores (Thesis, Doctor of Philosophy). University of Otago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10523/8093
Bacillus cereus spores are a concern to the food industry, especially to the producers of heat sensitive food products like egg white that cannot be retorted. The research presented in this thesis investigated the impact of environmental conditions (temperatures of 4 - 25 ˚C, pH 4 - 9, the addition of egg yolk or the germinant L-alanine) on the survival or germination of B. cereus spores; the up or down regulation of genes; and the resistance of the spores to inactivation by thermal processing or pulse electric field (PEF) processing.
The B. cereus spores used in this thesis were isolated from commercial egg white during a shelf life study. Incubation at 4 °C and pH 4 prevented germination of the spores. Addition of the germinant L-alanine only induced germination if the spores were also heat treated (70 °C for a minimum of 10 min). An interesting finding was that the spores were not inert during cold storage in phosphate buffer (50mM, pH7.4) for 6 days (was not tested further), as evidenced by a reduction in their D-values at 88 and 92 °C by 13.9 and 8.2 min (p < 0.05) respectively. This loss of thermal resistance was accompanied by the appearance of deformations/cracks on the spore surface (scanning electron microscopy).
Exposure to either 0.05 or 0.5 M sodium phosphate buffer or sodium chloride solutions for 6 days at 4 ˚C resulted in the accumulation of sodium ions and the reduction of potassium ions (as monitored by inductively coupled plasma spectrometry) and a reduction in D88-values, in the absence of detectable germination. The D88-values of spores suspended in either sodium phosphate buffer (0.5 and 0.05 M) or sodium chloride (0.05 and 0.5 M) solutions reduced significantly by 10 min on day 6, while spores suspended in 0.5M calcium chloride and 0.5 M potassium phosphate buffer solutions showed a slight and significant (p<0.05) increase by approximately 2 min. Exposure of spores to Na+ in sodium phosphate buffer (pH7.0, 0.05 and 0.5 M) and sodium chloride (0.05 and 0.5 M) resulted in the cells accumulating Na+ (66.0±2.9, 193.1±4.6, 136.2±9.9 and 70.5±2.7 μg/g) at the significant expense of K+ (10.8±0.5, 7.5±0.2, 8.1±0.4 and 3.6±0.4 μg/g respectively) as compared to spores in deionized water (control) that showed lower Na+ (8.6±0.6μg/g) and higher K+ (31.7±2.4 μg/g) content. It was postulated that the reduction in the thermal resistance on exposure to Na+ may be due to the activation of the Na+ K+ antiporter leading to K+ expulsion in turn associated with hydration. Though the mechanism needed further proof, it was evident that spores were responsive during cold storage and indicating a possibility to reduce the D-values without inducing any germinants in the medium. The accumulation of sodium ions and the reduction of potassium ions were associated with a loss of thermal resistance B. cereus spores regardless of any onset of metabolic activity (resazurin assay) or germination (plating methods).
To understand the molecular mechanism behind the loss of resistance during cold storage, differential gene expression was monitored using mRNA sequencing. Genes coding for uracil permease (BC_3890), Mg2+ P-type ATPase-like protein (BC_1581), ABC transporter ATP-binding protein (BC_0815) and 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate permease (BC_4841) were found to be upregulated indicating a possible transport of ions that may have disrupted the integrity of spores during cold storage (for 6 days) confirming that spores were not completely inert.
Since spores were not found to be inert during cold storage, their response to Pulsed electric field treatment was investigated. The resistance of Bacillus spores towards the electroporation during PEF treatment is postulated mainly due to the presence of cortex and a densely crosslinked peptidoglycan structure of the spore coat. The effect of PEF treatment with mild heat (< 80 ˚C) on B. cereus spores was investigated by monitoring inactivation, germination and D-values. PEF treatment of B. cereus spores in phosphate buffer, when combined with heat (80 ˚C) at 9.4, 8.8, 8.1 and 7.3 kV/cm resulted in the inactivation 3.4±0.01, 1.9±0.01, 1.8±0.02 and 1.8±0.01 log CFU spores/mL. At 75 ˚C the spore numbers decreased by log 1.6±0.02, 1.5±0.01, 1.4±0.01 and 1.3±0.01 CFU spores/mL at 9.4, 8.8, 8.1 and 7.3 kV/cm, respectively. PEF treatment (9.4 kV/cm) at 80 and 75 ˚C, led to a loss of thermal resistance (D88 values) by 11.5 and 13.2 min, respectively. This effect of PEF was also investigated by mRNA sequencing, which revealed upregulation of chitooligosaccharide deacetylase gene (BC1768) that encodes for an enzyme targeting GlcNAc residue of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-(β-1,4)-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanine-D-isoglutamine. GlcNAc is one of the most important cell wall component and the deacetylases are usually involved in the hydrolyses indicating disruption to the spore covering, which could be the inner, outer membrane or cortex as all three contain peptidoglycan layers of different thickness. The loss of structural integrity might have led to the subsequent loss of thermal resistance. Also, gene (BC2729) encoding for penicillin-binding protein, required for both the initiation of division and continued septal ingrowth in sporulation during septation was found to be downregulated (-3.5 log2-transformed fold change value) suggesting a possible arrest in the usual process of sporulation or maintaining the resistance against harsh conditions. PEF treatment on B. cereus spores was found to be a stress inducer that was interfering with the permeability barriers (inner or outer membrane) in the dormant spores and reducing the spore's thermal resistance. Thus, PEF treatment could be a suitable hurdle step to reduce the degree of heating required to inactivate B. cereus spores.
The thesis revealed the selective permeability of B. cereus spores during cold storage to be their "Achilles heel", which reduces their thermal resistance. This is also the first evidence of the impact of PEF treatment and cold storage on differential gene expression in B. cereus spores and is believed to provide new strategies for inactivation regimes.
Advisor: Bremer, Phil; Oey, Indrawati; Silcock, Pat
Degree Discipline: Food Science
Keywords: B.; cereus; thermal; resistance; cold; storage; PEF; RNA
Food Sciences [66]


The all new and highly anticipated TV Box from Xiaomi is now available globally. There was a CN only version for some time, but now we have the global version on our test bench.
This time the Xiaomi Mi Box S comes with the Oreo version of Android TV Operating System (OS) pre-installed.
The white-orang packaging is similar to the one of the previous model, only smaller.
At the back you will find all basic selling points and overall features of the Mi Box S, with the standouts being the 4K+HDR support, the built in 4K Chromecast, proper licensing (Netflix) and Google assistant (voice).
Inside you will find only the basics. The main unit itself, the power adapter, an HDMI cable, the remote and some basic documentation.
Hardware wise, not much has changed from the previous version (non-S).
We still get the, still capable, Amlogic S905X quad core CPU alongside with the Mali-450 GPU and 2GB of DDR3 RAM. Storage is still limited to a 8GB eMMC module, but that is to be expected from a TV Box mainly targeted to streaming services.
Connectivity is still minimal with only 1x USB 2.0 port, the HDMI one and the Audio jack out.
Networking is still wireless only with a very fast Wi-Fi dual band AC module, while the Bluetooth version was upgraded to 4.2 version. For those who prefer wired network connection, there are several USB->RJ45 converters that can offer a 100Mbit speeds.
A Google 4K Chromecast is also built in that can justify the price of the Mi Box S on its own.
The latest Android TV version is preinstalled (Oreo 8.1).
The new Mi Box S is now even smaller compared to its predecessor, but by much. There are still rounded corners, but the curved top is gone thus providing a more "boxy" and simple look. The color is still ash-black so it will look good wherever you decide to place it. Build materials are plastic but we did not expect something different at this price point. There is a small front LED that lights up when the device is powered.
All connections are located at the back so cable management should be easy. There is no external antenna for the Wi-Fi.
The most visible change is the remote. Although it carries the same minimalistic design of the previous model, it now has a totally different layout.
There is no better user interface than Google's Android TV.
In its latest version (Oreo, 8.1) we get simplicity, customization and interactivity in one –feast for the eyes- launcher.
Compared to previous Android TV version (6.0) you will have to make light tweaking in order to get the most out of it and fine tune it to your liking, but the end result justifies the effort.
You get rows of icons, with each one (row) being represented by an application, with the exception of the applications row at the top. You are able to customize or delete any row (for example, if you prefer Netflix over Google Movies you can delete or move the later to the bottom) and add your favorite applications. Integration with You-Tube/Netflix/Spotify is top grade, with results appearing based on your liking and recent activity.
Nothing changed in the settings menu. It would be unwise to change something that works great anyway. Settings menu occupies the right part of the screen and all the settings you will ever need are at your disposal for better compatibility with your setup. In case you are not familiar with some of them, it is better to leave the default setting.
With the hardware being practically the same as the previous model, we did not expect something revolutionary.
Browsing is fast and switching between apps is faster than what we expected from a 2GB RAM device. Application launching is faster than the previous model since the eMMC ROM module is now newer and faster.
Performance as a streamer is very good. Netflix goes all the way up to 4K with HDR support (HDR10), and if you have a capable dual band router, you can max out the bitrate of the video service. Unfortunately, Mi Box does not support Dolby ATMOS tracks and Dolby Vision with the later due to hardware/SoC limitations.
KODI performance (once you install it from Play Store) is also very good, both for the price and the specs. You still get 4K+HDR but with only up to DTS/DD/ Multi-PCM audio. HD Audio pass through is not supported for the Mi Box S model. The infamous 24p judder exists due to lack of auto frame rate switching (this feature may arrive in a future firmware update). Pull down conversion works very well though and minimizes the effect. Progressive playback performance is way better than the interlaced one, so keep it in mind for TV channels and home recordings. You also get very good performance from other streaming services like HBO and others (There are regional restrictions per each streaming service). Just make sure to install the latest firmware update that solves playback related issues. Amazon Prime is once again incompatible with the Mi Box, just like with all other Android based ones (Nvidia Shield supports it via their direct partnership).
Gaming performance is typical, so it is better to omit recent, heavy textured 3D titles. Casual games like Beach Buggy Racing have very good performance. Don't forget to pair a Bluetooth gamepad for better results.
Network performance via dual band Wi-Fi is excellent with with the Mi Box S. Although no official specs are released, it appears to be a high speed implementation with actual performance/bandwidth up to 170-190Mbps. If you own an equally capable access point/router then you will most probably won't need a USB->RJ45 converter to achieve maximum streaming performance. With our trusty Netgear EX7000 in the same room, we had no issues with playback performance of high bit-rate 1080p files. Wi-Fi performance is similar to the one by Nvidia Shield.
Overall system performance is snappy, although you may experience small lags from time to time. Google has made efforts to optimize its Android TV launcher in order to secure good performance to mid-range SoCs like this one.
Google's Play Store is pre-installed in its TV version that filters all applications not officially optimized for TV viewing. You can always side-load the one you want in case you need one that is not found (we did with Google Chrome).
One major selling point for the Mi Box S is the integrated, 4K capable, Chromecast function. In this way you practically have a 70-90$ Ultra Chromecast unit as well that justifies the price of the Mi Box S even more. Using our smartphone, we streamed Netflix, YouTube and Google Photos/Videos with absolutely no problem or glitch.
The 8GB of internal ROM leaves only ~5GB of free space that is very limited in case you want to install a large volume of apps and games (especially the later). At least you are able to format an external USB storage as system. In this way you will lose the USB connectivity, so it is better to install a USB hub first. Note that NTFS USB drives don't support write mode.
Xiaomi Mi Box S supports over the air (OTA) firmware updates.
Xiaomi Mi Box S is rather an evolutionary than a revolutionary successor to the highly popular Mi Box. We would like a faster SoC, more RAM and storage space but probably Xiaomi and Google (Mi Box was promoted by Google during their 2018 presentation) don't want it to deviate from its original target group.
It is very good for streaming services and all-around performance, although it lacks some major features compared to the competition like Dolby Vision, Dolby ATMOS and auto frame rate switching. At least it gets all the basics right, has a great and snappy user interface and includes a 4K Chromecast function that costs alone usually more than its price.
It is also very affordable with price ranging from 49$ (season discounts) up to 99$ (depends from the country/region).


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Verdugo Hills High School Online
Go to site - Verdugo Hills High School Online http://www.verdugohs.org/'
School review and Information: Provides information on the school, school activities, classes, and orientation as well as employment opportunities and an alumni directory.
Previous 10 school Thousand Oaks High School Band http://www.tohsband.org/ Thousand Oaks High School Band Offers current information about events, groups, message from the director, fund raising, and contacts.
Previous school Tahoe Truckee Unified School District http://www.ttusd.org/ Tahoe Truckee Unified School District Features general information about the district, the board of education, departments, calendars, and links to the schools.
Random 1 school Houston County School System http://houstoncoschools.tumblr.com/ Houston County School System K-12 public school system for the county, including the cities of Erin and Tennessee Ridge. Calendar, plans and policies, links to individual schools, and other information.
Random 2 school British School Alicante (BSA) http://alicante.kingscollegeschools.org/ British School Alicante (BSA) Colegio privado mixto dedicado a la enseñanza bilingüe de la sociedad alicantina. Visita virtual, calendario y actividades.
Random 3 school Morton Unit School District 709 http://www.morton709.org/ Morton Unit School District 709 Features mission statement, annual budgets, state test results, administration, contacts and links to schools served.
Random 4 school Delhi Unified School District http://www.delhi.k12.ca.us/ Delhi Unified School District Public K-12 school district news and contact numbers. Includes Delhi Community Library hours and information.
Next school Tulare Union High School District http://www.tulare.k12.ca.us/ Tulare Union High School District District includes two high schools, an adult school, 3 alternative schools and the school farm. Block schedule, closed campus, research and reference links, teacher class calendars, and graduates list.
Next 10 school Castaic Union School District http://castaicusd.com/ Castaic Union School District Overview of the a suburban schools located in the Santa Clarita Valley. Information on student activities from Kindergarten through 8th grade.
Random 4 school Manatee County School District http://www.manateeschools.net/ Manatee County School District Information ranging from academics and curriculum to district calendars, maps, employment, and affiliated organizations.
Random 5 school Fair City School Of Motoring http://www.faircityschoolofmotoring.co.uk/ Fair City School Of Motoring Offering lessons in manual or automatic cars. Includes learner resources and franchise opportunities.
Next 70 school Bayfield School District http://www.bayfield.k12.co.us/ Bayfield School District District information and schools listing.
Previous 70 school San Diego Unified School District https://www.sandiegounified.org/ San Diego Unified School District School district for the city of San Diego. News, enrollment options, staff, employment, schools, and test scores.
Next 170 school Holland Hill Elementary School PTA http://www.hollandhillpta.org/ Holland Hill Elementary School PTA Provides information on school fund raising, events, meeting schedules, minutes and members.
Previous 170 school Palmdale School District http://www.palmdalesd.org/ Palmdale School District Serves pre-kindergarten through 8th grade. Information about each school, school board meetings and employment.


With a career in energy efficiency and sustainability, director Neil Cutland offers the benefits of his experience to companies needing a combination of technical and commercial skills.
Neil's career has spanned companies such as Inbuilt, BRE, National Energy Services, TEAM Energy and the iconic Milton Keynes Energy Park.
He was instrumental in bringing the Passivhaus standard to the UK, and is one of the authors of the BREDEM model and the SAP.
He has excellent contacts at senior level based on his reputation for getting things done.


Telling someone to take off their tinfoil hat isn't typically a compliment; it implies that a person subscribes to various conspiracy theories regarding aliens, telepathy, brain-implanted chips, and/or the healing powers of aluminum foil. Seriously–Google "Aluminum foil electrosmog" if you want to take a beautiful trip down Crazy Lane. Now, researchers from Dartmouth and Columbia have released a new report on how ordinary aluminum foil can be combined with 3D printing to create a directional antenna that improves Wi-Fi performance.
A new computational approach to control wireless coverage by mounting signal reflectors in carefully optimized shapes on wireless routers. Leveraging 3D reconstruction, fast-wave simulations in acoustics, computational optimization, and 3D fabrication, our method is low-cost, adapts to different wireless routers and physical environments, and has a far-reaching impact by interweaving computational techniques to solve key problems in wireless communication.
Translation: Thermoplastic + aluminum foil = better, more secure Wi-Fi.
To test its theory, the research team used a Linksys WRT54GL modem and tested overall signal propagation strength both from the 'native' Wi-Fi (no directional antenna) and with the directional antennas shown above. The antennas and their shapes were chosen based on a careful 3D modeling of the space in which the antennas would operate. The modeling approach the team took was similar to that used for caustic design, only with ray traced radio waves as opposed to visible light. As the scientists point out, other solutions, like the antennas commonly found at the back of a modem, offer only coarse-grained adjustments to signal strength.
The result from the tests was quite positive. Not only did the simulated model of signal propagation closely match experimental results, the amount of Wi-Fi signal leaking into other, less-desired points of the room was reduced as well. The total cost of materials for the test (not counting the 3D printer itself) came to about $45, compared with $9,000 for a directional antenna.
It's not clear when this type of technology would or could come to market–the wide availability of such solutions would depend on both 3D printing becoming widespread and the development of consumer-friendly radio ray tracing applications that could make a floor plan in a 1-3 story building, including a potential basement.


HomePSUSac June Events – Baseball & Picnic!
PSUSac June Events – Baseball & Picnic!
We have a few events coming up to kick off the summer.
On Sunday, June 3rd at 11 am, the Big Ten schools will get together at the William Pond Recreation Area for a picnic. It will be $5 per person, with those 18 and under free. There is also a $5 parking charge for park admission. The club will provide hotdogs, hamburgers, soda, water, condiments, plates, and utensils.
If your last name begins with A-N, please bring a side dish. If your last name begins with M-Z, please bring a dessert.
This event offers fun for the entire family! Compete in the exciting corn-hole tournament! Meet your fellow college alums and mingle with alums from the other Big Ten schools. Show off your best college T-shirt!Bring your favorite beverage–alcohol is allowed, but no glass containers. Bring your own lawn chairs/blankets. Don't forget sunscreen.
Please RSVP to Jeremy at jheebner@gmail.com or (717) 891-7155.
We have the indoor Party Suite reserved for the match-up between the RiverCats and the Colorado Springs SkySox on Sunday June 10 at 1:05 pm. Thanks to an alumni sponsor, the tickets are available for only $10 each. Our group ticket holders will enter through the suite entrance near the box office and, in addition to the rest of the Raley Field amenities, will have access to the Solon Club and the Legacy Club. Sign up now, space is limited!
← Penn State Sacramento Christmas Party 2017!


Janice holds a Graduate Diploma in Art Therapy (DTATI) from the Toronto Art Therapy Institute and holds registered status (RCAT) with the Canadian Art Therapy Association. She is a Registered Psychotherapist with the College of Registered Psychotherapists of Ontario (CRPO) and a Professional member of the Ontario Association of Consultants, Counsellors, Psychometrists and Psychotherapists (OACCPP). Janice has been working in a variety of agencies and private practice since 2001, and has recently retired from being an educator for the past 30 years in the secondary school system in the area of Visual Arts and Special Education. With completed graduate level studies in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy and Cognitive Behavoioural Therapy (CBT), she continues to update her qualifications in Trauma informed practices.
Art therapy combines art and psychotherapy in a way that provides for a safe and gentle way to express the inner self. The artwork becomes the container for intense feelings, making it possible to step back and address the self. "I have witnessed first hand the power of art to transform by empowering clients to take control over their issues and challenges."
Art therapy is especially effective for those who may find it difficult to verbalize emotions surrounding trauma. Clients do not need any art experience or skill, just a willingness to express through the art.
Janice works with children, adolescents and adults. In particular, her experience includes working with individuals coping with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, all forms of abuse, domestic violence, family breakdown, as well as self-harming behavior. She supports individuals with mental health challenges such as depression and anxiety. Janice has specialized experience working with people with special needs, including those individuals on the autism spectrum and those with developmental and learning disabilities. She also works with individuals in the area of using art to promote overall wellness.
"In addition to my work as an art therapist and educator, I continue to learn about and experience art as a means of expression by taking ongoing classes in art. My new and evolving passion is encaustic painting (painting with wax). I also thoroughly enjoy gardening, cooking and travelling."


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Emerson Lecture
Caryl Emerson: "Dostoevsky Between Theory and Practice, Fantasy and Terror"
Location: IMU Frangipani Room
Caryl Emerson
"Dostoevsky Between Theory and Practice, Fantasy and Terror"
Professor Caryl Emerson is A. Watson Armour III University Professor Emeritus of Slavic Languages and Literatures at Princeton University. Her scholarship has focused on the Russian classics (Pushkin, Tolstoy, Dostoevskii), Mikhail Bakhtin, and Russian music, opera and theater. Recent projects include the Russian modernist Sigizmund Krzhizhanovskii (1887-1950), the allegorical-historical novelist Vladimir Sharov (1952-2018), and the co-editing, with George Pattison and Randall A. Poole, of The Oxford Handbook of Russian Religious Thought.
World-class writers date in different ways, and to different depths. Dostoevsky's bicentennial gives us the chance to ponder his continuing extraordinary influence. Did he "predict" our current 21st-century catastrophes, or is he simply such a fabulous thinker and storyteller that we now perceive our catastrophes in Dostoevskian terms? If "applied Tolstoy" gives rise to Gandhi and Martin Luther King—spiritually luminous messengers—then "applied Dostoevsky" has always been darker, less idealistic, less ecumenical, indeed, perhaps even demonic. And yet Dostoevsky is far and away the funnier, more flexible writer, with a comic genius that seems stitched in to his tragic scenarios.
Drawing on the great novels, this talk touches on four interrelated themes. First, what are the advantages and drawbacks of reading a novelist through the lens of a "theory" (in this case, the hyper-famous but much bashed Mikhail Bakhtin)? How have theorists understood the most radiant of Dostoevsky's heroes, Alyosha Karamazov, and how have the strongest of these theorists shown that "living like Alyosha" is a practical ethical option, even during a catastrophe (or especially during catastrophes)? What are we to do with the hero of The Idiot, Prince Myshkin—that seemingly impractical ethical option—and more generally, what do we do with Dostoevsky's fantastical, transcendental, ecstatically religious sides in a secular world with agnostic readerships? And lastly: Dostoevsky himself has recently been read, strongly, as a major theorist of terrorism and violence. Perhaps this is his most instructive legacy today?
The intent of this talk is to illustrate how a rising generation of Dostoevsky scholars is pushing back against some of Bakhtin's now-canonical judgments about this great writer. It will also pay tribute to two recently departed colleagues, Professors Nina Perlina and Robert Bird, who contributed profoundly to our understanding of Dostoevsky's quest.
Sponsored by the Department of Slavic and East European Languages and Cultures, the Robert F. Byrnes Russian and East European Institute, and the Russian Studies Workshop.


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Evo Morales' potential successor Andronico Rodriguez did an interview with Wyatt Reed for The Grayzone, discussing the Bolivia coup, US involvement, the OAS, and prospects for an election
Bolivian labor leader speaks out after far-right coup: Interview with Andrónico Rodríguez
Wyatt Reed· December 28, 2019
Bolivian labor organizer Andrónico Rodríguez speaks about the far-right US-backed coup, repression of the leftist MAS party, and how the upcoming election may be rigged.
By Wyatt Reed
Shinaota, Bolivia — The US-backed military coup forces that toppled Bolivia's democratically elected government this November have not been able to break the back of the country's left-wing resistance.
On December 18, the Movement Toward Socialism (MAS) party of deposed President Evo Morales held its largest rally since the putsch, in the town of Shinaota in the now autonomous Chapare region of Bolivia.
50,000 diehard MAS supporters descended on Shinaota's municipal stadium to celebrate the 14th anniversary of Morales' historic 2005 electoral victory, in which the indigenous activist defeated the right-wing presidential candidate in the first round, in a landslide that ushered in over a decade of revolutionary transformation.
Virtually everything that Bolivians have in this community — roads, schools, health centers — they credit to Evo.
But beyond paying homage to any one particular man or project, the MAS activists were here to celebrate the party's signature "Process of Change," a massive phase shift in the cultural and economic policies officially pursued by the Bolivian state — exactly the policies which the unelected far-right coup regime has sought to reverse, despite having no electoral or legal mandate to do so.
To discuss this political upheaval, I sat down with Andrónico Rodríguez, who had just attended a post-rally leadership meeting and is widely considered to be a potential successor to Morales.
At just 30 years old, Rodríguez carries himself with a weight and gravitas that few political leaders could ever muster. As the rally in Shinaota drew to a close, thousands of MAS members flocked to the stage, desperate for a chance to shake his hand or just get a glimpse of the man poised to become the new face of the rejuvenated party. (Amid the frenzy, an alarmed emcee warned attendees over the loudspeaker, "Be careful, there are children here!")
Even pro-coup media outlets have acknowledged that Rodríguez, the magnetic leader of the union powerhouse Six Federations of the Tropics, is the most popular candidate in Bolivia's forthcoming presidential election.
Poll after poll shows Rodríguez to be leading, often by several percent. In any other country, having a consistent lead over every other contender would be a strong indicator of electoral success.
But Bolivia isn't any other country — and MAS activists fear it may be governed for the foreseeable future by a deeply unpopular junta, which only managed to take the presidency by securing military backing and forcing the resignations of everyone else in the line of succession via kidnappings and blackmail.
I asked Andrónico Rodríguez about the steps forward, and whether or not he thinks the election will be fair. He warned that the coup regime may do anything it can to hold onto power.
The following is a lightly edited transcript of our conversation.
Wyatt Reed: Thank you for your time, Mr. Andrónico Rodríguez. My first question is the following: How can you trust in the upcoming elections, knowing that the de facto government is currently creating bias in the Electoral Supreme Court?
Andrónico Rodríguez: Well, we're very susceptible in the new upcoming elections because there is no guarantee for us that it can be carried out in a transparent manner. That's why we're not only asking for international observers, but also an electoral commission from the European Union and other bodies that are credible.
We no longer believe in the OAS. We want it to disassociate itself from this electoral process. There are international bodies that specialize in this area, and we don't just want bodies, but also for democratically elected governments to send observers and form an electoral commission that can work with our Electoral Supreme Court to carry out the voting process.
Unfortunately, there are people who are very biased, either in favor of this government or other right-wing governments of the past, who are now in the running as possible members of the Electoral Supreme Court and in the departments.
They practically have all the state's power, they are running all of the state's agencies, and they are harassing and intimidating all of our legislators who are carrying out – as it should be – the selection of the members of the Electoral Supreme Court.
What we are asking for is all the conditions, all the guarantees. First, starting with our campaign manager, who is President Evo Morales – there should be no persecution or legal proceedings against him.
And we want an international electoral commission that can carry out, in a very narrow manner and with the Electoral Supreme Court, this electoral process. Otherwise it will not be possible, in any way, for us to receive guarantees that this will happen with 100 percent transparency.
With a lot of sincerity, we would like to express that the Bolivian right wing is waiting for the right moment to carry out elections. If it isn't the right moment, they will postpone them or, if they have enough electoral members of the national and departmental courts who favor them, they will surely call for immediate elections.
There is total uncertainty for all Bolivians, primarily for the Movement Towards Socialism (MAS), over what the de facto government is trying to do with these elections.
Wyatt Reed: Speaking of the OAS, if you could do everything all over again, would you invite the OAS to monitor the elections?
Andrónico Rodríguez: We think the OAS should stay on the margins of this electoral process. They are a commission or a representative of the international body that is very biased in their political positions. They always have been, whether it's Nicaragua, Venezuela or Argentina, which they have questioned.
Now for these gentlemen to come to Bolivia… They'd have little credibility in what they say or express to the Bolivian people. If they come, they should come as observers.
We're going to ask, through our legislators, for an electoral commission that does not include the OAS. But we want, in a narrow way, for democratically elected governments to be part of this electoral process so that it can be transparent.
Wyatt Reed: Have you noticed any interference by the U.S. government in Bolivia?
Andrónico Rodríguez: Yes, it's very evident. When the president resigned, the first to applaud this and make public statements were the presidents of the United States and Brazil.
Now the president of the United States has congratulated Mrs. [Jeanine] Añez. It's clear proof that they have been behind all of this.
The worst part is that Mr. [Luis] Almagro [head of the OAS] shamelessly congratulated the civic committees and this government for having recovered democracy. What democracy? So many dead people. So many siblings dead, arrested, injured, persecuted.
There's a very selective persecution. They commit crimes and nobody says anything. There are paramilitaries in Cochabamba who are all over the place, harassing citizens, but they're 'defenders' of the citizenry. And when we say something against the government, we're 'seditious' or 'terrorists.'
So what democracy did they recover? That's why we are very indifferent towards the secretary general of the OAS, as well as towards the president of the United States who applauds and welcomes this de facto government.
Wyatt Reed: What are the next steps for the party, social movements and the Bolivian people?
Andrónico Rodríguez: The goal for Bolivian social movements is that they have to grow in strength, because in 2005 we began building a new state, a plurinational state. Now more than ever, democracy has been widened, there is substantial participation by all Bolivians – whether we're Quechuas, Aymaras, Guaranís, from all nations and cultures. This can't be truncated in any way.
That's why social movements are more resolved than ever, because all of us, absolutely all of us, consider ourselves to be Evo Morales. That is to say, in our minds and hearts are the legacy, the teachings, the wisdom that the president left us with great responsibility.
He is still with us, and that is why the cause we have fought for, our patriotic program, is still ongoing. What we are doing now is having meeting after meeting, wide-ranging rallies, with the sole objective of strengthening and uniting social movements.
Now our task is to consolidate the committed vote, the party vote, regardless of who the candidate is. The good thing, and in contrast to the right wing, is that the Movement Towards Socialism has its own voters.
The right wing, like athletes, finish a season and then go out in search of team that will give them a better deal. Lots of candidates now don't have parties. They're looking at what parties can offer them. Unfortunately, they don't have a vision for the country; they don't have a plan; they have no leadership; but they are united against the leadership of an indigenous campesino who has brought great changes to Bolivia.
That is why the next step is to consolidate our committed vote, our party vote, and after having the electoral schedule, we will, with great responsibility, elect our candidates for the presidency and vice presidency, as well as deputies and senators.
But this will come in accordance with the timeline set by the Electoral Supreme Court. I repeat, if there are conditions and guarantees, we will go to the elections. If not, with all sincerity, this will have to be evaluated at the national level with social movements.
We will see how we can rectify the situation, which is not good at all at this time, with arrests, paramilitaries that are harassing people, and no rule of law right now in our country. That is exactly why we want all the guarantees to carry out this electoral process.
Wyatt Reed: Thank you very much, Mr. Andrónico Rodríguez.
Andronico RodriguezBoliviaEvo MoralesJeanine AñezLuis AlmagroMASOAS
Wyatt Reed
Wyatt Reed is a Virginia-based activist and journalist who covers climate and racial justice movements and foreign policy issues. Follow him on Twitter at @wyattreed13.
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Max Blumenthal and Ben Norton· October 25, 2020
Human Rights Watch supports US-backed far-right coup in Bolivia, whitewashes massacre of indigenous protesters
Alan MacLeod· November 20, 2019
US and OAS help overthrow another government: Behind the coup against Bolivia's Evo Morales
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Lothian Buses
22 - Gyle Centre - Ocean Terminal
A bus service operated by Lothian Buses
Tuesday 21 January 2020 Wednesday 22 January 2020 Thursday 23 January 2020 Friday 24 January 2020 Saturday 25 January 2020 Sunday 26 January 2020 Monday 27 January 2020 Tuesday 28 January 2020 Wednesday 29 January 2020 Thursday 30 January 2020 Friday 31 January 2020 Saturday 1 February 2020 Sunday 2 February 2020 Monday 3 February 2020 Tuesday 4 February 2020 Wednesday 5 February 2020 Thursday 6 February 2020 Friday 7 February 2020 Saturday 8 February 2020 Sunday 9 February 2020 Monday 10 February 2020 Tuesday 11 February 2020
Ocean Terminal - Gyle Centre
Show all stops
N Leith Ocean Terminal (Stop OA)
04:20 04:40 05:00 05:20 05:40 06:00 06:10 06:20 06:30 06:38 06:46 06:54 07:02 07:09 07:15 07:22 07:29 07:36 07:43 07:50 07:58 08:05 08:13 08:20 08:27 08:36 08:45 08:53 09:00 09:07 then every 8 minutes until 14:59 15:07 15:15 15:23 15:31 15:39 then every 8 minutes until 16:03 16:10 then every 8 minutes until 17:30 17:38 17:46 17:54 18:04 18:14 18:24 18:34 18:44 18:54 19:04 19:14 19:24 19:34 19:44 19:54 20:09 20:16 20:24 then every 15 minutes until 23:09 23:24 23:39
N Leith Ocean Drive (S-bound)
04:22 04:42 05:02 05:22 05:42 06:02 06:12 06:22 06:33 06:41 06:49 06:57 07:05 07:12 07:18 07:25 07:32 07:39 07:46 07:53 08:01 08:08 08:16 08:23 08:30 08:39 08:48 08:56 09:03 09:10 15:02 15:10 15:18 15:26 15:34 15:42 16:06 16:13 17:33 17:41 17:49 17:57 18:07 18:17 18:27 18:37 18:47 18:57 19:07 19:17 19:27 19:36 19:46 19:56 20:11 20:18 20:26 23:11 23:26 23:41
N Leith Commercial Street (SE-bound)
N Leith, o/s Victoria Quay
N Leith, opp Sandport Street
Leith The Shore (SW-bound)
Leith, opp Parliament Street
Leith, before St Anthony Street
Leith, at Kirkgate Centre
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Leith, opp Stead's Place
Pilrig, opp Balfour Street
Pilrig Street (opp)
Hillside Shrubhill (SW-bound)
Hillside Elm Row (Stop EA)
Greenside Leith Street (Stop JA)
Edinburgh Princes Street (Waverley Steps) (Stop PP)
Edinburgh Princes Street (Scott Mon.) (Stop PT)
Edinburgh Princes Street (west) (Stop PZ)
W End Lothian Road (Stop XD)
W End The Exchange (Stop XG)
Viewforth, opp Morrison Crescent
Viewforth Fountain Park (at rear)
Gorgie, opp Roseburn Street
Gorgie, opp Westfield Sainsbury's
Gorgie, opp Westfield Avenue
Gorgie, after Stevenson Grove
Balgreen Primary School (nr)
04:50 05:10 05:30 05:51 06:11 06:31 06:43 06:54 07:05 07:13 07:22 07:32 07:42 07:51 07:59 08:06 08:13 08:21 08:28 08:35 08:43 08:50 08:58 09:05 09:12 09:20 09:28 09:36 09:42 09:49 15:41 15:49 15:57 16:07 16:17 16:26 16:50 16:57 18:17 18:25 18:32 18:38 18:46 18:55 19:03 19:12 19:22 19:32 19:42 19:51 20:00 20:09 20:19 20:29 20:44 20:57 23:42 23:55 00:07
Stenhouse, opp Whitson Crescent
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Saughton Road North (before)
Broomhouse, at Saughton House
Broomhouse Gardens (before)
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04:56 05:16 05:36 05:57 06:17 06:40 06:52 07:03 07:14 07:22 07:31 07:41 07:51 08:01 08:09 08:16 08:23 08:31 08:38 08:45 08:53 09:00 09:08 09:14 09:20 09:28 09:36 09:44 09:50 09:57 15:49 15:58 16:06 16:16 16:26 16:35 16:59 17:06 18:26 18:33 18:40 18:54 19:03 19:11 19:20 19:30 19:40 19:50 19:59 20:08 20:17 20:27 20:36 20:51 21:04 23:49 00:01
Sighthill, opp South Gyle Access
S Gyle, after Bankhead Drive
S Gyle, opp Forrester High School
S Gyle, o/s Gyle Square
S Gyle, after South Gyle Trade Park
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S Gyle Redheughs Avenue (NW-bound)
Edinburgh Park, nr Lochside Place
Edinburgh Park Lochside Crescent (N-bound)
S Gyle Gyle Centre (Stop KA)
S Gyle Gyle Centre (Stop KD)
Gyle Centre - Ocean Terminal
04:30 then every 20 minutes until 05:30 05:50 06:05 06:15 06:24 06:35 06:45 06:53 07:01 07:08 07:15 07:21 07:27 07:35 07:43 then every 7 minutes until 08:18 08:26 08:33 08:41 08:49 08:57 09:04 09:13 then every 8 minutes until 15:13 15:21 15:29 15:37 15:45 15:52 15:59 then every 7 minutes until 16:20 then every 8 minutes until 17:16 17:23 17:30 17:38 17:46 17:54 18:02 18:10 18:19 18:29 18:39 18:49 18:59 19:14 19:29 then every 15 minutes until 23:14 23:29
Edinburgh Park Lochside Crescent (S-bound)
04:31 05:31 05:51 06:06 06:16 06:25 06:36 06:46 06:54 07:02 07:09 07:16 07:22 07:28 07:36 07:44 08:19 08:27 08:34 08:42 08:50 08:58 09:05 09:14 15:14 15:22 15:30 15:38 15:46 15:53 16:01 16:22 17:18 17:25 17:32 17:40 17:48 17:56 18:04 18:12 18:21 18:30 18:40 18:50 19:00 19:15 19:30 23:15 23:30
Edinburgh Park, opp Lochside Place
S Gyle Redheughs Avenue (E-bound)
S Gyle, at Drummond House
S Gyle, opp Teviot House
S Gyle, before South Gyle Crescent Lane
S Gyle, before South Gyle Trade Park
S Gyle, opp Gyle Square
S Gyle, at Forrester High School
S Gyle, before Bankhead Drive
Sighthill, before Broomhouse Roundabout
Broomhouse Avenue (opp)
Broomhouse Gardens (opp)
Broomhouse, opp Saughton House
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Saughton Mains Street (opp)
Saughton, before Stenhouse Grove
Stenhouse Cross (after)
Stenhouse, after Whitson Grove
Stenhouse, nr Whitson Crescent
Balgreen Primary School (at)
Gorgie, opp Stevenson Grove
Gorgie, nr Westfield Avenue
Gorgie, at Westfield Sainsbury's
Gorgie, before Roseburn Street
Viewforth Fountain Park (opp rear)
Viewforth, after Morrison Crescent
W End The Exchange (Stop XB)
W End Lothian Road (Stop XC)
Edinburgh Princes Street (west) (Stop PE)
Edinburgh Princes Street (Waverley Steps) (Stop PM)
Greenside Leith Street (Stop JD)
Hillside Elm Row (Stop ED)
Hillside Shrubhill (NE-bound)
Pilrig Street (nr)
Leith, after Balfour Street
Leith, after Stead's Place
Leith Foot of the Walk (NE-bound)
Leith, opp Kirkgate Centre
Leith, opp St Anthony Street
Leith, after Parliament Street
Leith The Shore (NE-bound)
N Leith, after Sandport Street
N Leith, opp Victoria Quay
N Leith Commercial Street (NW-bound)
N Leith Ocean Drive (NE-bound)
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On January 1, 2018, value-added tax (VAT) will come into effect for the first time in the UAE. Naturally, small businesses are concerned about the financial and operational impacts of VAT compliance, especially since they're used to operating in a low-tax business environment.
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Economic pressures
But first, let's take a step back to understand why VAT is being implemented in the first place.
For decades, the economies of the GCC countries have benefitted from high oil prices. However, a drop in demand, increased global competition and a substantial decrease in the price of crude oil per barrel – from a peak of $147 in 2008 to about $50 today – has forced GCC countries to look for other sources of revenue to diversify their economies and remain globally competitive. VAT is one such revenue source, and because tax is an unfamiliar topic in the GCC, you might have some questions about how it will impact your small and medium business.
VAT is a tax on the consumption of goods and services and has been set at 5 per cent across the GCC countries. This rate is among the lowest in the world, with some countries charging VAT of more than 20 per cent.
VAT is levied at each stage of the supply chain, from the manufacturer, to the wholesaler, to the retailer, taxing the 'value added' by businesses at each point in the chain. For example, raw cotton becomes more valuable as it moves along the supply chain to eventually be manufactured into a T-shirt, or the end-product.
Certain sectors will be exempt from paying VAT, such as healthcare, education, certain foods, some type of real estate transactions and local transport, but these may differ between member countries. Export of goods outside the GCC will be zero-rated, which means exporters can claim a tax refund.
VAT is an efficient and transparent way for governments to increase revenue – the IMF predicts that GCC states can boost GDP by 1.5 per cent with the implementation of VAT. This will help GCC states to diversify their economies away from oil and to continue delivering on their public service mandates.
How will VAT affect my business?
If your business has an annual turnover of Dh375,000 (or the equivalent in other GCC states), you will be obliged to register as a VAT vendor. If you generate 50 per cent of this threshold, you can voluntarily register for VAT, which has its own advantages and disadvantages.
The important thing to note is that VAT is not a business expense but a cost that is ultimately passed on to the end-consumer when they buy a product. Businesses act as the 'collection agents', collecting the tax on behalf of the government. In this way, they are helping to make the economy more prosperous and efficient.
However, there will likely be indirect costs associated with becoming compliant, which will affect many areas of your business, including pricing, cashflow, financial reporting, tax accounting, supply chain and compliance processes.
The cost of non-compliance could be even greater. Penalties are set at a minimum of Dh500 up to five times the amount of VAT that would have been payable for the period in question. At 5 per cent VAT, this puts your maximum risk at 25 per cent of turnover.
If you haven't already registered, now is a good time to invest in an accounting solution that streamlines the VAT collection, record-keeping and reporting processes, and that automates the production of VAT invoices in Arabic.
While you have until January 1 to be fully compliant, full transition can take between nine and 12 months so, if you haven't yet, you should activate your VAT implementation plans as soon as possible.
Businesses that need to be VAT-compliant should work through a detailed impact assessment with a trusted business partner to guide them through the implementation and operation phases.
An effective VAT system relies on shared responsibility between governments, businesses and consumers. The additional revenue will go a long way to maintaining effective public services and positioning GCC countries as globally competitive nations with truly diversified economies.
The writer is the regional director for Sage Middle East. Views expressed are his own and do not reflect the newspaper's policy.
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