Forum Index > Off-topic Talk > Battles won by reserve troops?
Posted: Tue 20 Nov, 2007 8:08 pm Post subject: Battles won by reserve troops?
I'm mulling over the use of reserve troops in pre-gunpowder warfare. Robert the Bruce held a small force of mounted men at arms at the battle of Bannockburn, which I believe stopped the Edwards's only real flanking manouvre (I may be mistaken here) at that battle.
Are there any more shining examples of strategic reserves (especially light troops or even levys) winning major battles? I'd love to hear about them. In most cases it seems like reserves are far less dependable troops who quit the field before they are of any use, but I don't have any concrete examples to back this up.
Maybe the first battle of Ramleh ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Ramla ). After first two divisions of Baldwin's army were broken, the third division was routed but it turned and broke the Egyptians.
In the Roman Republic, the reserve was formed by the triarii, grizzled veterans all. If the younger hastati and principes couldn't win, they'd filter back to the rear, then the triarii would close ranks. Whether they were ordered to advance, hold, or retreat depended on how things were going!
At the battle of Cynocephalae in the 2nd century BC, a Macedonian phalanx was coming downhill at the Romans. On the right side the phalanx pushed the Romans right down the hill like a bulldozer, but on the left the Romans managed to hit the Macedonians before they were fully formed, and drove them back up the hill. A Roman tribune in that section of the line looked back and saw the Macedonians advancing past him on his right, so he peeled off 30 maniples of triarii from his own line and hit the enemy in the rear. The result was a slaughter. Many of the Macedonians tried to surrender by raising their pikes to vertical, but the Romans didn't understand and chopped them up anyway.
I think there are a few examples of the good use of good reserves in Caesar's wars, too, but it's been too long since I read all that! The triarii no longer existed by his day, but most decent Roman commanders understood the use of reserves. Even if they didn't, reserves were kind of built into their typical arrangement of 2 or 3 battle lines.
In the battle of the Marchfeld ( also called the battle of Dürnkut and Jedenspeigen ) in 1278, Rudolf I of Habsburg hid back 60 knights in a vineyard, to attack at the most crucial moment, even thought such a tactic was considered dishonorable at that time.
Their attack on the exhausted knights of Ottokar II of Bohemia broke the bohemian knights who were exhausted from three hours of fighting in heavy armour.
60 knights? that's a tiny force - do you know the overall numbers on the field?
" Meanwhile a small group of Egyptian chariotry had formed, made up of Ramesses, his personal bodyguard and some of the chariots recovered from the broken divisions of Amon and Re. At this time a troop contingent from Amurru called Ne'arin, suddenly arrived, surprising the Hittites. Ramesses reorganized his forces and drove the Hittites back across the Orontes. Muwatalli sent an additional 1,000 chariots against the Egyptians, but the Hittite forces were almost surrounded and retreated back across the Orontes River to join their infantry. "
I have just re-read my source ( german Wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlacht_auf_dem_Marchfeld and according to it, the reserves were not just 60 knights.
Each side entered the battlefield with just their mountet troops, while the infantry was left back to guard the camp.
King Ottokar of Bohemia entered the field with three units of 2000 knights each.
Rudolf of Habsburg brought about 4500 mounted knights, organized in three blocks of 1500 each of which he kept one entire block ( 1500 knights ) back, out of enemy sight. The sixty knights mentioned in my previous post were also hidden, to attack the enemy flank at the right time . Rudolf also fielded about 4000 hungarian horse-archers. The overall numbers could be inflated somewhat, as this battle's story was later told as "The larges knights battle ever". The size of the battlefield alone indicates that the numbers were probably smaller.
According to Wiki, the battle began with Rudolfs horse archers attacking and harassing the bohemian knights' flank to demoralize them. Unable to catch them, the bohemian knights suffered about a hundred casualties, before clashing with Rudolf's main force. In the heavy fighting, which lasted almost three hours, Rudolf of Habsburg was at the brink of losing ( he was himself unhorsed, when his mount was killed by a lance, and his knights suffered heavy losses), before he ordered his reserves to enter the battle.
When Rudolfs fresh knights entered the battle, some of Ottokars knights tried to outflank the 60 knights, attacking from the flank. This was mistakenly seen as a retreat by some of Ottokars troups. Reinforced by Rudolfs men with shouts like "They flee!", this led to the general rout and defeat of Ottokars army and his death during the rout.
The main problem with early reserves is command and controll. You depend on very competent reserve commanders for them to work very efficiently.
This said, as the above example shows, even a small reserve can make a huge difference.
Although gunpowder era, a glorious example of a good reserve commander is at the Battle of Zorndorf, where Lt. General von Seydlitz commanded the prussian cavalry reserves on the left flank.
Due to a miscoordinated attack by the infantry, the prussian left flank was crumbling, and King Fredrick II (aka the great) sent repeated, increasingly heated orders to Seydlitz, ordering a counterattack, which he completely ignored.
When the king's messager threatened with court martial and untimely decapitation, Seydlitz replied "Tell the king that he can have my head when the battle is over. For now, I will use it in his service."
After which, as the flank of the advancing enemy passed the obstacle, he ordered his squadrons on a charge that crushed the entire advancing russian force, horse and foot, and turned the flank all the way back to the russian batteries.
Needless to say, he kept his head.
Both mine are rather borderline I think. One is secret reserve like in Risk the second treachery.
Battle of Tagliacozzo in 1268. Conradin Hohenstaufen verse Charles of Anjou. Charles of anjou sits back with a large mounted force of reserve hidden some way behind hte main army. After the battle seemed decided and both armies had been severely worn down Charles rides out and wipes the enemy force out causing them to flee. Conradin flees but is later caught and beheaded.
Depending if you think as M. Jones does, which I do not, Bosworth in 1485 could be such a battle. Though the reserve in this was originally on the opposite side.
Richard supposedly according to Virgil had some 10k men but a large percent of the troops were under Lord Stanley who did not join in the battle but seems to have spectated for some time (likely to hedge his bets with the victor). Once Richard III's charge failed or lost steam Stanley joins in to basically trounce what is left of Richard's army. By this point it may be that Richard III was dead but his army certainly could hve swung the battle.
Posted: Thu 22 Nov, 2007 11:48 am Post subject: Re: Battles won by reserve troops?
The limited number of horsemen which Bruce had at Bannockburn served two purposes. One, they got among the archers that Edward very lately deployed on his right flank to shoot into the ranks of the schiltrons, and took the archers out of action. Two, they followed Edward on his retreat to Dunbar, harrassing him most of the way. According to tradition and what contemporary writings there are, it was Sir James Douglas with about sixty Scottish knights who followed Edward. At Dunbar Edward took a boat to Berwick and from there he went to England, tail tucked way between his legs.
There were four Scottish divisions on the field the second day of Bannockburn. Three were commanded by Edward Bruce, Sir James Douglas and the Earl of Moray. The forth was under the direct command of King Robert and, while it was considered a reserve, it was engaged with the English almost from the start. I suspect the reserve that you are thinking of was the group of baggage keepers, servants and other camp followers who came from behind Coxit Hill when they learned that the English army had begun to fail. This group was lightly armed but by tradition had made banners of bed sheets and whatnot. When they appeared on the scene it was as if another Scottish army had arrived, further spreading panic among the English who were, by that time beaten any way, precipitating a route.
I do not believe you can say that Bannockburn was won by employing a reserve force. The Scottish army thoroughly defeated the English through the use of superior tactics, aided by the incompetence of the English leadership, specifically Edward II.
Ah, thanks Lin, you've jogged my memory. The horse cancelled out the archers. I can only imagine a hail of arrows would spell rapid demise for a schiltron.
I hadn't heard about the baggage train "sallying" to join the route, but that's kind of an amusing image, especially with the bedsheets. It seems a keen sense of carpe diem had a lot to do with the Scottish victory as well.
From the examples thus far it seems that command and control would have to be left to a very competent leutenant; someone who would be wise enough (or seasoned enough) to avoid commiting the reserve to late, too early, or in the wrong place.
Heavy cavalry would be a natural coup de grâce, plus they have the manourve advantage to sweep the rear once they penetrate. Infantry (from what I've seen and read) is often undone by overadvancing and exposing a flank unwittingly, whereas mounted troops can get by and keep going to minimize the danger. Does that sound about right?
From what I could tell unless the Templars were in the pickets of spears they were not there. The rewards after Bannockburn can give an idea of the nobles and other landed men there. Two of my family back in that day earned a fair deal of lands for leading about 10 percent of the 500 horsemen who were there (yes I had to tell you this, sorry). I have always thought the victory was less due to Edward II being completely inept than Bruce knew how to exploit a weaker military mind than his. With Edward I he has less room to move and had to tred carefully. With Edward II the politics of how he ran the country might be just as responsible for his losses and Bruce was then free to gain what he needed. Bruce was a good tactician I think; Preparation of the field, arraying men with proper skills to neutralize the cavalry and archers, smart man. I do remember the story of the baggage train. Does not Barbour call them the small people?
By 1314 (much earlier actually) the Templars had been eliminated as a fighting force. There may well have been ex-Templars there but my wager is on their being in the English army, and fighting as individuals, not as a unit.
I will grant that Bruce had the superior tactical mind and experience. After all he had been fighting a protracted and successful guerilla war for some time. However, no competent commander would have placed his army in the position that Edward II put his - in the face of an agressive enemy force - on the night of June 23d.
Barbour called them the "small folk". They were not a reserve as such as they were not normally combatants. Had the English won they would probably have been chased down and slaughtered.
Posted: Sun 25 Nov, 2007 7:35 am Post subject: Re: Battles won by reserve troops?
Are there any more shining examples of strategic reserves (especially light troops or even levys) winning major battles?
Duh. I'm beginning to ramble so I'd better stop before I clutter the forum with my incoherent thoughts.
Yes, I mean tactical reserves, pre-rennaisance. Specifically lightly armed or levy troops.
Kulikovo is one example (of many) of tactical use of reserves.
It didn't involve lightly armed reserves, though the majority of the troops were a levy of gentry cavalry.
That's very interesting to read that your family was a Bannockburn. I guess you are referring to the Moffats. I have met Lady Jean, the current chief. Very nice person.
Your mention of the land grants is interesting. I have waged something of a campaign to stifle some of this Templars at Bannockburn stuff that abounds today. I corresponded with the head of one of the Templar organizations that exists in this country a couple of years ago. He was telling me that they had proof, in the form of lands "granted to the Templars after Bannockburn", that the Templars were indeed present. When I asked for references he became vague and never did supply them. Of course as far as I know there are no post-Culloden grants to the Knights Templar because they were dissolved by the Pope in 1312. Even Bruce the ex-communicated would not have incurred the displeasure of the Catholic Church by acknowledging a continued existence and assistance of the Templars by putting something on the public record. He was, after all, trying to get back into the church.
For the record, I do belong to the SMOTJ, Knights Templar. But, we do not claim that the Templars fought for Bruce at Bannockburn.
The way I've heard the story of Bannockburn, is that the battle ended when the Bruce committed a reserve of Highlanders. The Highlanders were considered undisciplined, and prone to charge without orders, or overextend themselves. As such, he kept there too far back to do any harm until his reliable troops were all engaged, and even growing tired. Then he orders the Highlanders into the battle, and seeing fresh and eager troops joining the Scots, the English retreated.... or ran like the blazes.


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Gruden: Our Carr Will Be Tuned Up
1 Comment / NFL, Raider Nation, Raiders / By Ray Leonard Aspuria
Jon Gruden sounds like a broken record when he talks about his quarterback.
"He's got exceptional arm talent," is how Gruden begins every answer to the Derek Carr inquiry. No, for real. Watch or listen to every single interview. When the topic of his starting quarterback is broached to the Oakland Raiders head coach, the response starts with the 'arm talent' line every single time. And it follows with this:
"It's quick, it's accurate, he can throw with touch and velocity. This guy can really uncork it."
Watching and listening to Gruden's SiriusXM NFL Radio interview at last week's NFL combine was an excursion in hackneyed coach speak and heavy-duty football banter. One second you get your expected gridiron cliché and the next, Gruden hits you with terminology that will leave you questioning if you know anything about the game.
But the resounding message in that interview and the slew of others Gruden has partaken in is this: The Raiders $125 million Carr is in for a tune-up and it's going to drive itself.
"The quarterback is being empowered now more than he has ever before," Gruden said. "Me and (Rich) Gannon still argue, 'You should have audibled.' I'd ask Gannon and Brad Johnson to fix plays at the line of scrimmage all the time. When you watch the magnificent teams, the quarterback is not only distributing the football, he's making critical decisions with protection and changing plays at the line of scrimmage. And that's what we're gonna do."
Oh, if that message sounds familiar, it is. It's the broken record that was spinning haphazardly on the Raiders' turntable when Jack Del Rio was boss man. He and his crew too, spit glorious game about how Carr would be in command. The line of scrimmage would be his domain and his alone. Lies. Big. Fat. Lies.
Control was Del Rio's and his chosen one Todd Downing. And the result was brain drain and Carr point-blank stating he does whatever the coaches want him to.
Gruden and Greg Olson aren't about empty rhetoric. The words sound genuine. Like Chucky said in the interview, while he has a sizeable ego, it doesn't preclude him allowing his signal caller from deviating and fixing his play call. It's not Gruden who is under center, after all. And he knows full well that's the system Carr needs to thrive.
"When he was at Fresno State, he was calling his own plays in a no-huddle offense," Gruden said. "50 points a game, Davante Adams was his split end. That's what we're going to ask him to do: Get more involved at the line of scrimmage, recognize a defense and communicate what we want done and execute.
The double talk is over. Gruden makes no bones about it. The franchise QB needs solidarity around him. And the Raiders are set to deliver.
"I think he's been victimized with injuries and the lack of continuity," Gruden said. "He's had four different head coaches and I don't know how many coordinators he's had. That's hard for a young quarterback."
Perhaps as hard as Gruden will be on Carr?
That's another conversation for a different piece.
1 thought on "Gruden: Our Carr Will Be Tuned Up"
Gabriel D. Martin
Authenticity is recognizable and easy to respect. 1. Gruden is a student of the game. 2. Gruden will take risks to win, and is capable of recognizing need for change, but more importantly: How to implement change. There is a reason that innovators are winning. Carr is not built to be a game manager. Gruden knows this.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Home News It's approved but hog farm still faces local protest
It's approved but hog farm still faces local protest
on: August 03, 2020 In: News
By Connor Lynch
STONE MILLS — A proposed hog farm at Stone Mills Township, northwest of Kingston, was approved by local council and five local and provincial public agencies but the project has hit a new snag: A small group of local protestors want it stopped.
The 1,200-head hog barn for a weaner pig operation is being built by farmer Mark Slack of Slack Family Farms, which already farms in the Tweed-area. Township council approved the project back in May. Reeve Eric Smith said that the proposal had been approved by multiple independent agencies, including: the local health unit, OMAFRA, the ministry of the environment and Quinte Conservation Authority. Council even had its own independent agency, XCG Engineering Consultants Ltd., review the application and the 96-page report from the provincial agencies. "Our solicitor had all that there. He approved everything, said it was ready to go to council."
With the t's crossed and I's dotted, there was no reason not to approve it, said Smith. In fact, the township's lawyer told him that refusing it would probably mean an appeal to the Ontario Municipal Board, which would demand an explanation for why it wasn't approved. Simply put, there wouldn't be one.
But a couple of community groups have expressed concern and opposition to the project, citing concerns about water quality in nearby Beaver Lake (about a kilometre away), possible impacts on nearby wells, as well as noxious odours from the farm or impacts on their property values. An area hydrogeologist wrote up a draft report for those opposed arguing that the project shouldn't have been approved, which council agreed to forward to the relevant approval agencies and even paid XCG to review, Smith said.
A petition opposing the farm and sent to council contained around 600 signatures, said Smith, but most were people out of town, out of province and out of the country, including Hong Kong. About 150 signatures were from locals or people in the area, he said.
Smith added that if there turns out to be something wrong with the project, or the agreed upon application isn't followed, the council can and will stop it. But the plan council received was sound, he said. Smith also said an OMAFRA representative told him it would take an earthquake to crack the manure tank Slack plans to build. As Smith put it: "The property on Waddell Rd has been owned by the Slack family for decades and they have a right to build and work their land.
"Stone Mills Township is an agricultural municipality and we welcome new business in our community," he said.
The protest has left farmer Mark Slack a bit dumbfounded. "It's anti-farm, anti-family, anti-Slack and anti-hogs."
The plan for the barn came together about two years ago when Slack's son came back from university looking to farm. Slack already has a 2,400-head finishing operation on the farm at Tweed, so they decided a weaner operation that sent animals to the finishing operation would be a perfect fit. The Stone Mills property is actually Slack's home farm and the 300-acre property already has a 150-head beef feedlot on it.
It's all eerily familiar to Slack. A neighbour just five minutes down the road, a dairy farm, went through the same thing: a kid came home from university and the farm expanded for them. "They built a big, beautiful barn and carried on like nobody's business. We try and do the same thing and apparently the world's coming to an end." Two dairy farmer neighbours that expanded in recent years reached out to say they couldn't understand what all the fuss was about, Slack said. "They cannot believe the BS we've gone through. Those are their words. Because neither one of them had to."
Slack said the protests against the farm have been "half-informed, fully engaged." Said Slack: "It's unfortunate that we've banned straws. That's what they're grasping at."
Slack said he's not worried about the approval being challenged either. "They can't stop it. Every agency it's been forwarded to has already approved it. There's been no changes."
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The Sound of the Hours: An Interview with Karen Campbell
June 17, 2019 / Isla Rosser-Owen
Scots novelist Karen Campbell made her name with the Anna Cameron series of police novels before publishing two critically acclaimed contemporary dramas: Rise, set against the backdrop of the 2014 independence referendum, and the refugee story This is Where I Am.
Now the graduate of Glasgow University's Creative Writing Masters programme has turned her hand to historical fiction with The Sound of the Hours, a powerful tale set in the final stages of World War II around Barga, the Tuscan hill town to which many Scots Italians can trace their roots.
Published in July by Bloomsbury, Campbell's latest work tells the story of Frank Chapel, one of the black American "Buffalo Soldiers" who played a pivotal but long-underplayed role in the liberation of Italy, and Vittoria Guidi, a young Scottish-Italian woman caught in the middle of an occupied town and a divided family.
Karen, who will be talking about her new novel at this year's Islay Book Festival, spoke to the festival's Angus MacKinnon about how her latest work came about and how it fits into her eclectic writing career.
A wealth of history unlocked
Angus MacKinnon (AM): The Sound of the Hours is your first novel set outside Scotland and it is played out against the sweep of momentous historical events. It feels like quite a departure for you, and I wondered if that was a conscious choice to go in a different direction?
Karen Campbell (KC): I don't think that with any book I've ever written, I've thought beforehand, "Where will this take me?" I've just always followed the story. With my earlier books, because they were set in the world of the police and I had been a police officer, it was writing about things you know and getting things off your chest. With each subsequent book I have kind of just thought, "Wow, this is something I want to know more about."
AM: So what got you into this period of history and this "Scottish town" in Italy?
KC: We were in Barga on holiday with friends. The guy, Sergio, is Scottish-Italian and his family are from that area. One day we took a walk up to Sommocolonia, a hilltop village near Barga which is very important in the novel. Basically we went up for the nice view but there was a war memorial there to a Buffalo soldier and I was immediately intrigued. And from that, it unlocked this whole wealth of history that I knew nothing about – all of the story about Italy coming out of the war and then Mussolini being released by the Germans and the king being on one side with the Allies and Mussolini and the Germans being on the other.
I knew Barga was the most Scottish town in Italy and thinking about it [in] that period it really intrigued me that your loyalties could be split about seven different ways. You maybe had family in Scotland who were being interned by the British government, but you felt you were Scottish and Italian. And then your town was liberated or invaded by a variety of Germans, Brazilians, Americans … how do you navigate that, how do you survive that?
AM: So how long did the research take?
KC: Obviously I don't write historical fiction and I don't think I will do it again (laughs). I did so much research that I found myself beginning to commit that cardinal sin of showing off how much stuff you know. I was like, "Oh God, I know how they made shoes out of old rubber tyres and parachutes, so I'd better put that in!" It took about four years in all and it probably took me as much time to edit the story down as it did to write it.
AM: The experience of black American troops in WWII is one of your main themes. How did you go about researching that aspect of the novel given that it is only in recent years their contribution has begun to be fully recognised?
KC: With the Buffalo Soldiers, there was so much negative historical stuff you would find that was tainted with racism … many military figures are on record as saying the "black man" did not have the stomach for the fight, that they would run away. But then necessity drove the fact that the military just needed bodies for cannon fodder out there. And there was political pressure too. The term "Buffalo soldiers" had first been used in the 1800s. I think reactivating the Buffalo name for this new segregated division was a way of creating a history and tradition that maybe encourages people to put their lives on the line.
But the whole thing was structured in a way that white supervisors were always in charge. You could never have a black captain, or whatever that would be, above, say, a white lieutenant. They would actually demote black officers so they'd never be above a white officer.
So I thought I needed to take my sources from as close to the horse's mouth as I could get and I read a whole bunch of biographies and autobiographies from people who had served as Buffalo soldiers. I thought that was going to be the most accurate way of getting into somebody's shoes.
And really the basis and inspiration for my story was that the people of Sommocolonia and the wider Barga area wanted to commemorate these men; they wanted to put up a statue to their bravery. So that is where I took my lead from in terms of deciding what the truth was.
"A cup or a cone, hen?"
AM: The whole Scots Italian experience of WWII is another big subject.
KC: Yes, I had a whole other character whose story I wanted to tell but just couldn't (for lack of space). The internment (of UK-based Italian nationals) on the Isle of Man and the sinking of the Arandora Star (a ship carrying interned Italians and Germans to Canada), that could have been a whole other novel and I had to just rein it in. I was in danger of creating a Game of Thrones-type saga, which wasn't what I wanted to write.
AM: The two teenage sisters at the centre of the novel, Vittoria (Vita) and Francesca, were born and raised in Italy but from their family connections to Scotland they have a very marked Scottish side to their identities.
KC: The thing that struck us most when we were in Barga was when you'd try, in halting Italian, to ask for "un gelato per favore" the woman behind the counter would break off from speaking Italian and ask, "Ye wantin' a cup or a cone, hen?" … as broad as that.
So of course then you go, "Where are you from?" And she'd say, "Oh from here, but my mum or my dad was from Paisley." And that happened all the time. People learn to speak English in a broad West of Scotland accent because that is how they hear it.
That Scottish identity is just very apparent – there is a Celtic supporters club in Barga and things like that too. In Vita's family, not only is her dad from Scotland, but also there is that real friction between her mum being a fascist and proud of it, believing that Mussolini is their saviour, and the dad being West of Scotland socialist.
So it felt to me that the sisters might feel the two identities more sharply and clearly defined. Although their parents loved each other there is a definite sense that as war progresses, sides have to be taken and there is a real sharpening of where those edges are.
AM: You started writing after spending six years in the police force, which you entered having done a French, English and drama degree. You must have been the only drama graduate on your training course?
KC: I wasn't the only drama queen, certainly! We had a bank manager, a nurse, it was a real diverse bunch. My husband, who I met on the course, had been in the Royal Navy. One of the main drivers when I started to write was that I wanted to try and write a book that showed the diversity within the police because anything I'd read or seen on telly tended to be quite stereotypical – you know, white, working class, not very enlightened, drinking problem. And it wasn't reflective of the police force I'd worked in.
AM: So did you go into the force thinking, "This seems like an interesting job but what I really want to be is a writer"?
KC: Not at all. I did it because I didn't know what I wanted to do. I found that studying English, because I loved books, was not the best way to build your future career. By the end of it, it had kind of scunnered me. Studying something that you love maybe takes some of the magic out of it. So I felt quite restless for something practical as opposed to something cerebral, and also my parents had both been in the police so I knew that no two days would ever be the same.
Film interest
AM: Did the writing start while you were still in the police?
KC: The writing happened properly after I had left the police and I was at home with two young children. I found I had room for creativity again. Doing shift work really takes it out of you and I hadn't even really read very much when I was in the police. It was very all-consuming. And when I came to apply for the Writing Masters it meant that I had a portfolio for myself and that was what I submitted.
AM: And that led to the four Anna Cameron novels. Do you think you might go back to writing about the police?
KC: I think I got it out of my system. I wanted to use those four books as a way of shining a light on what the police is really like, for uniformed cops in particular. Dealing with things like cot death and being the place where the buck stops. By the end of the four books, I'd done that and I was no longer part of that world.
AM: What's next?
KC: I have actually finished another book. This one, The Sound of the Hours, has been the longest one to write and research. i don't know if it was an antidote to that but I wrote the next book in about three or four months. It is quite a short novel but it just came out. I was thinking all the time about the characters to the point that I didn't want to leave them where I'd left off and I had to keep going back. It is set where I live here in Galloway. I wanted to try and somehow explore how it might be to be homeless, but I wanted it to be in a rural setting.
AM: The Sound of the Hours has a very cinematic feel about it. It is quite easy to imagine it as a movie. Is that something you are conscious of as you are writing?
KC: Of course, I would absolutely love it [to be made into a film]! There has been a wee bit of interest but nothing has come of it as yet. There's loads of stuff about France and the war but very little about Italy and the war that I am aware of. With the Scottish-Italian element and the Buffalo Soldiers, it felt to me like a fresh story. That whole Italian front feels like a very untold part of history.
So it'd be an absolute dream if it happened but it doesn't affect how you write the story at all. If I did worry about that, or about who is going to read it or even what kind of book this is, how it is going to be marketed, what shelf it is going to go on … to me that would always stymie the story.
Time to write
AM: You mentioned that doing the Creative Writers Masters at Glasgow University got you into full-time writing. How did that help you, and do you think you'd be a writer now regardless of whether you did that course?
KC: That is a really good question because sometimes you get people who can be a wee bit, "Oh, writing courses are like sausage factories for writers." Personally, I don't think I'd have been a writer without doing the course, but I don't think it shaped me or told me a way in which I should write. For me, writing is a solitary thing, especially when you are starting out. It is almost like a guilty secret. You don't tell anyone you are doing it. So once you get accepted on the course, it is validation. And then when you are on the course you are workshopping pieces, you are having to write more regularly. You start to normalise the process and you are with other people who also do it. You have a couple of years and space to mess about and experiment and see what it is you want to make.
When I did it we were so fortunate: Alasdair Gray, Tom Leonard and James Kelman were the professors. I don't think I ever sat through a workshop that was "Here is how to write a novel." It was very much sitting at the feet of great writers and listening to how they worked while doing tutorials and things with other people. It allowed me to hone my own voice by trial and error and gave me the space and time to do that. And also to write more words. I started to build up from short stories something that became a novel and I don't know if I'd have had the confidence or the encouragement to do that on my own.
It was important, I guess, to myself to say that my writing was good enough to make it worth taking a bit of time and care over. The course gave me that space to do that in the hubbub of daily life, working and having young girls. In a way it allowed me to say, "Right, girls, mummy is writing now." Because I had to do it for uni – that was allowed.
Get your ticket for Finding the Spark, a creative writing workshop with Karen Campbell on Sunday 1st September at Islay Book Festival 2019!
June 17, 2019 / Isla Rosser-Owen/
Isla Rosser-Owen
A dram with Ian Rankin: Islay Book ...
Barnhill: Orwell's struggle to get ...


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Give To BYU
President Kevin J Worthen
BYU's 13th President
"To many, I think my role will be viewed as a representative for the university," said President Worthen. "I believe my most important role will be to create an environment in which everyone, from students to faculty and staff, can successfully achieve what they are here to accomplish."
President Worthen, who started his tenure in this role on May 1, 2014, came through the ranks at BYU. He earned his bachelor's and JD degrees from BYU, taught in and served as dean of the law school and has been the advancement vice president for the past six years. He has a distinguished law career and is dedicated to church service and his family.
When it comes to BYU, it's the students he loves the most. "They're bright," he said. "They're creative. They are committed to the gospel of Jesus Christ and most of them are better than they think they are." He honors and is grateful for the contribution of the faculty and staff. "Almost all of them have chosen to be here when they have other options," Worthen said. "They choose to be here because of their commitment to making BYU better."
View from Y Mountain with BYU President Kevin Worthen
The Mission and Aims of Brigham Young University
The mission of Brigham Young University — founded, supported, and guided by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints — is to assist individuals in their quest for perfection and eternal life. That assistance should provide a period of intensive learning in a stimulating setting where a commitment to excellence is expected and the full realization of human potential is pursued. The Aims of a BYU Education seek to develop students of faith, intellect, and character who have the skills and the desire to continue learning and to serve others throughout their lives.
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Speeches by Pres. Worthen
Speeches by Peggy Worthen
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Improving your marketing game should be your new year's mantra.
Understanding trending marketing strategies are easier when we take advice from the industry experts which is why podcasts have now gained popularity. However, not all podcasts are worth it. We bring you the top 5 marketing podcasts you should tune into in the new year.
Michael Stelzner, CEO of Social Media Examiner helps you navigate through the social jungle by sharing industry trends, expert interviews and success stories that help you optimize your content. By the end of the episode, you will be able to learn new tactics and strategies and actionable tips to improve your overall social media marketing.
Host Sonia Simon brings interesting and exciting content every week. Simone along with her team analyzes the current content marketing trends along with their downfalls.
This podcast helps you stay updated with the dynamic practices in the fields of email marketing, copywriting, content marketing, mindset, and conversion optimization to name a few.
An enriching weekly podcast featuring leading businessmen and women from Harvard Business Review share their success stories and methods on how can implement these strategies in your own business.
Want to know how to generate more leads and sales for your business through different social media platforms? Tune into perpetual traffic that features every week. Produced by Digital Marketer and hosted by Molly Pittman and Ralph Burns, this podcast is the encyclopedia of marketing.
Both Pittman and Burns share cutting-edge paid traffic strategies on acquiring sales and leads for your organization. Learn more about Instagram advertising, Twitter advertising, LinkedIn advertising, Google Adwords, Facebook (and Facebook Messenger) advertising, Youtube advertising, etc. work for your organization.
This podcast shines the spotlight on the real pros – social media practitioners who do real work for real organizations. Every episode includes insights from a leading social media strategist along with the current ideas and trends prevailing in the social media industry.


The Digital Economy Act 2010 had a controversial passage through Parliament. Here are my posts about it.
At the end of last week the regulator Ofcom published a draft of the code to be followed for taking action against online copyright infringement following the passage of the Digital Economy Act.
What happens in wash up – and what will happen to the Digital Economy Bill?
Will Tories back Labour's plan that could come with £300m bill?


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Q: Issue with callback functions I have three dropdowns I am trying to dynamically populate when an HTML form loads. They all use API callback functions provided by a third-party cloud database provider to retrieve the data and populate the dropdowns. The problem I am encountering is that only the last one populates. Here is how I'm calling the functions:
$(function ()
{
    PopulateDropdown('OwnerList');
});

$(function()
{
    PopulateDropdown('ClientList');
});

$(function ()
{
    PopulateDropdown('AssignedToList');
});

The text inside the parentheses are the IDs of the dropdowns (select elements) in the HTML.
The only dropdown that ever gets populated is whichever the last one in the list is. The code as shown above populates only the AssignedToList dropdown. If I move the call to populate the AssignedToList to the top, moving the ClientList to the bottom, only the ClientList dropdown populates. I am fairly new to JavaScript and jQuery, so I'm sure there's a way to ensure all three calls work properly. I have Googled everything I can think of but haven't been able to find anything to help. I'm not even real sure what it is I need to Google! Any help would be greatly appreciated!

A: This'd how you combine the 3 into a single function:
$(function () {
    PopulateDropdown('OwnerList');
    PopulateDropdown('ClientList');
    PopulateDropdown('AssignedToList');
});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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You are here: Home / Featured / From The Couch: Simon situation is delicate but Buono has been here before.
From The Couch: Simon situation is delicate but Buono has been here before.
January 23, 2013 By Brian Wawryshyn
It goes without saying that every BC Lions fan would like to see a perfect ending to Geroy Simon's career. But with news this week that Simon's agent has asked the Lions to gauge trade interest for his client in lieu of the two sides unable to agree on a restructured contract, there is work to be done if Simon is to end his career in BC Lions orange.
It would of course just be plain wrong to see Superman playing for another CFL club. He has become one of the greatest if not the greatest BC Lions of all time and GM Wally Buono understands what he means to the football fans in this province. With good young talent waiting in the wings, Buono must decide on a role for the CFL's all-time leader in reception yardage. Simon of course suffered through a season of hamstring injuries and during his rehab the team saw good performances from the likes of Ernest Jackson, Shawn Gore, Nick Moore, Courtney Taylor and others. They also went undefeated in Simon's absence.
Assembling a CFL club is a constant puzzle that changes on a yearly basis. The salary management system (SMS) is a huge piece of that puzzle and for the better part of his career, Geroy Simon has been one of the higher paid players on the team and deservedly so. No BC Lions player has been more valuable to the franchise, not only for his play on the field but building the Lions brand and entrenching himself in the community. This is what makes Buono's job so difficult when it comes to what to do about Simon.
From the club's perspective, the first preference is to have Simon back. From Simon's perspective, that should happen with an elite receiver's salary, thus the current stalemate. The club recently rewarded Travis Lulay with a new deal averaging $450,000 a year. Not an uncommon number for the elite quarterbacks in the league. They shed the salaries of Arland Bruce and Byron Parker by releasing them and they hope to get the promising Canadian Shawn Gore signed to a new deal, unless he can find a home in the NFL. But as much as this negotiation is about money it's also about getting their young players more playing time, while keeping the team competing for a Grey Cup. Simon could definitely play a role with the receiving core, it's just a matter of what role he would be willing to accept and what he wants to be paid.
While fans get attached emotionally, it's a trait that Buono can ill afford despite the enormity of the decision he's facing. He's always been able to make tough decisions in the past, and he's usually right when it comes to assessing the talent mix on his teams. Alan Pitts, Jason Clermont, Aaron Hunt, are all players that come to mind as difficult decisions Buono had to present to fans in pursuit of making the right football decisions. Of course there has been an error or two as well. The premature demotion of Angus Reid is a perfect example and to Reid's credit he sucked it up and proved Buono wrong, racking up back to back all-star seasons since.
Geroy Simon is special and he deserves to be treated with respect and dignity and by honouring his request to gauge trade interest, I believe the Lions are doing just that. I really hope the two sides can come to some sort of agreement and every BC Lions fan gets to see him finish his career they way he should. Fans will be upset if he leaves, no doubt about it. But a new deal has to work for both sides, with the goal of making the Lions the best team they can be.
At the end of the day it's a problem Wally Buono will resolve one way or the other and judging by his track record, the Lions will be just fine, whatever solution he arrives at and Geroy Simon will always be a BC Lion, one of the greatest of all-time.
Filed Under: Featured, From The Couch Tagged With: BC Lions, CFL, Geroy Simon, Wally Buono


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Home » Blog » Top 10 Best Boarding Schools In USA 2023
Top 10 Best Boarding Schools In USA 2023
Filed in Articles by Editorial on November 8, 2022 • 0 Comments
Are you looking for a boarding school in USA to enroll your wards? Then this article is for you. We'll give you the best boarding schools in the United States that you can enroll in.
Boarding schools in the USA have awesome learning environments with equipped facilities for teaching and learning. So, the best boarding schools are known for their academic excellence and student performance. For this reason, we've searched through and have come out with the best boarding schools you can enroll in with well-trained teachers and a serene environment for excellent performance and results.
Best Boarding Schools In USA
1. Phillips Exeter Academy
2. The Putney School
3. Episcopal High School
4. St. Paul's School
5. Asheville School
6. The Church Farm School
7. Shattuck-St. Mary's School
8. Deerfield Academy
9. Choate Rosemary Hall
10. Verde Valley School
Benefits of Studying in the Best Boarding Schools in USA
Phillips Exeter also known as Exeter, admits male and female genders in grades nine to twelve. Here, students are allowed to choose up to 500 courses in 19 subjects area with learning methods such as dialogue-based using traditional textbooks. 85% of the faculty staff is advanced degree holders. This is quite loving.
Exeter has implemented a financial aid initiative providing free education to any student whose family income is $75,000 or less, making a truly wealthy, world-class education available to anybody who qualifies for the course of study.
The percentage of students who board in this school is 80% with 46% of students who receive financial help. Tuition, room, and board fee for Phillip Exeter Academy are $46,905.
Some notable alumni are Mark Zuckerberg (founder of Facebook), Dan Brown (author), and Christopher Kimball (Cook's Illustrated and America's Test Kitchen).
The Putney School located in Vermont offers education to students in grades 9-12. Here, Students are encouraged to pursue their personal academic interests, as well as to present their thinking in coherent and compelling ways.
Also, students participate in an arts-based program two nights a week and must satisfy six jobs during their stay–lunch, dinner, barn crew, dish crew, substitute, and land-use activities helping them to instill in them a different kind of work ethic which cannot be found in the classroom.
The percentage of students who board in this school is 79% with 43% of students who receive some financial help. Tuition, room, and board fee for Putney school are $50,800.
Some notable alumni are Reid Hoffman (co-founder of LinkedIn), Nell Newman (founder of Newman's Own), Felicity Huffman (actress)
Episcopal High School is a private boarding school Located seven miles from the White House in Alexandria, Virginia. As its name implies, the school has a religious affiliation and all students are required to attend chapel three times a week.
90% percent of the faculty staff are advanced degree holders and they teach over 145 courses. It will interest you to know that students from this school matriculateinhighnumbersatWilliamandMary, Duke, WakeForest, Washington&Lee, UVA, UNC-ChapelHill, and Sewanee. You see how good this school is.
Proximity to the nation's capital has resulted in the development of the school's signature Washington Program, which offers four concentrations: Public Policy, Sustainability, Cultural Awareness, and Entrepreneurship. Sophomores dabble in each concentration, select one the following year, and engage in a year-long project and externship during their final year.
The percentage of students who board in Episcopal High School is 100% with 32% of students who receive some financial help. The tuition, room, and board fee for this school are $49,700.
Some notable alumni are Senator John McCain, Bryson Spinner (NFL)
St. Paul's School is an all-boarding school for students in grades 9-12, founded in 1895. The school offers a post-graduate year. As the name implies, the school has chapel services and assigns a big brother or big sister to each new student in order to ease the students' life on campus.
Classes are rigorous and implement the Harkness method. St. Paul's school requires all its students to participate in sports activities. Colleges with the highest matriculation of St. Paul's alumni include Georgetown, Brown, Columbia, Dartmouth, and Harvard.
St. Paul's has made it more affordable for students with household incomes of $80,000 or less who are considered in full financial need.
The percentage of students who board at St. Paul's School is 100% with 33% of students who receive some financial help. The tuition, room, and board fee for this school are $52,200.
Some notable alumni are Secretary of State John Kerry, John Jacob Astor IV, Judd Nelson (actor)
Asheville School is located in the mountain city of Asheville, North Carolina. It is a private boarding school founded in 1900 for students in grades 9-12. Here, Students learn to challenge themselves academically and personally. All first-year students embark on a three-day wilderness camping trip complete with a high-ropes course. They also take a series of seminars designed to orient them to Asheville School.
Seniors must also complete a Senior Demonstration that requires them to write a series of papers on a chosen topic and defend the topic to a faculty panel. Students are expected complete 40 hours of service for one organization and submit an essay about that experience to the headmaster.
More interestingly, Students from Asheville School attend higher institutions such as Bates, Boston College, Davidson, Furman, University of Richmond, and West Point.
The percentage of students who board in Asheville School is 80% with 30% of students who receive some financial help. The tuition, room, and board fee are $47,375.
Some notable alumni are Dr. D. Ralph Millard (plastic surgery pioneer), Edward Gaylord (media mogul), Pete Dye, Jr. (world-renowned golf course designer), Jennifer Pharr-Davis (fastest hiker through the Appalachian Trail)
The Church Farm School is located in Exton, Pennsylvania, founded in 1918. It is a preparatory and independent school for boys in grades 7-12. The school organizes weekly chapel services and meetings that students are expected to attend. Students are also required to take part in the co-curricular C.O.R.E. (Challenge Of Required Experience) program, which provides opportunities for community service, outdoor experiences, leadership training, and exposure to cultural arts.
Graduates from this school often attend schools such as Carnegie Mellon, Cornell, Emory, MIT, Princeton, Rice, Notre Dame, and Penn. It is also one of the best Christian schools in the U.S
The percentage of students who board in the Church Farm School is 90% with 90% of Students who receive some financial help. Tuition, room, and board are $34,300.
Some notable alumni are Talmadge O'Neill (Silicon Valley entrepreneur), Chris Raab (actor), and Michael Eric (NBA).
Shattuck-St. Mary's School founded in 1858, is an independent boarding school located in Faribault, Minnesota, for students in grades 6-12. The school also offers a post-graduate year.
The school organizes weekly chapel services, classes in religion, and the saying of grace before lunch. Students must also fulfill a community service requirement for graduation.
Shattuck-St. Mary's offers signature multi-year, experiential programs through their Centers of Excellence in bioscience, engineering, numerous sports (notably ice hockey), or a self-designed major. Also, Shattuck-St. Mary has a unique pre-conservatory program for students interested in attending the nation's top music schools. Students from this school gain entrance into top-tier colleges and universities with the highest enrollments at Penn State, Boston University, the University of Washington, and the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
The percentage of students who board in Shattuck-St. Mary is 75% with 100% of students who receive some financial help. Tuition, room, and board are $45, 425
Some notable alumni are Townes Van Zandt (poet, musician), Brent Musburger (sportscaster), Jimmy Chin (National Geographic photographer and mountain climber), and numerous NHL players and Olympians in ice hockey.
Deerfield Academy founded in 1797, is an independent, boarding school in Western Massachusetts that admits students in grades 9-12. Here, Students are required to participate in a co-curricular each term. Deerfield Academy offers postgraduate programs too.
A good number of staff are advanced degree holders in their subject areas, therefore, resulting in graduates that have attended Yale, Harvard, Dartmouth, Georgetown, and UVA over the past four years. Of particular note is the approach of cultivating personal interests and a sense of community.
The percentage of students who board in Deerfield is 88% with 35% of students who receive some financial help. Tuition, room, and board: $52,615.
Some notable alumni are Nelson Doubleday, Jr. (publisher), King Abdullah-II al Hussein of Jordan, Michael Glazer (television producer), and Henry W. Kendall (Nobel prize-winning physicist)
Choate Rosemary Hall founded in 1890, is a private boarding school located in Wallingford. They admit students in grades 9-12. Choate also offers a post-graduate year.
One of the things that outstand Choate apart is its extensive courses offered where students can choose from more than 300 classes. Students can also focus on programs like the interdisciplinary Environmental Immersion program, the Modern Standard Arabic program, or the arts program. Students work with their advisors on projects within a concentration, culminating in the final term of the senior year.
The percentage of students who board in Choate Rosemary Hall is 77% with 30% of students who receive some financial help. Tuition, room, and board are $53,100
Some notable alumni are novelist John Dos Passos, publisher James Laughlin, President John F. Kennedy, Illinois Governor and two-time Democratic presidential candidate Adlai E. Stevenson, II, musicologist Alan Lomax, lyricist and librettist Alan Jay Lerner, playwright Edward Albee, actors Buck Henry, Ali MacGraw, Michael Douglas, Glenn Close, and Jamie Lee Curtis.
Verde Valley School was founded in Sedona, Arizona, in 1948, it is an independent, boarding school that admits students in grades 9-12. Verde Valley students complete daily morning dorm chores, a weekly work job program, and several community work days throughout the year.
Verde Valley focuses its course content on IB courses. Graduating students from this school, attend Cornell, Dartmouth, Johns Hopkins, Vassar, Stanford, Harvey Mudd, Claremont McKenna, and others.
The percentage of students who board in Verde Valley School is 84% with 54% of students who receive some financial help. Tuition, room, and board are $43,000
Some notable alumni are Phil Noyes (documentary filmmaker and PBS producer), Chris Lemmon (actor), Carol Tantau (leader in domestic violence prevention)
Studying in any of the enlisted U.S best boarding schools as a student, you gain more benefits and opportunities such as independence, resilience, confidence, time management, intercultural competency, and many more.
Learning is deeper, going beyond classroom lessons into experiential opportunities in other to help Students understand subject materials.
The best boarding schools in the US have a reliable school system with trained and high-class teachers. There's an assurance that you will graduate with distinctions after passing through any of these schools. Aside from academic excellence, you'll gain confidence and independence.
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Motherhood Stories Make The Perfect Gift!
Looking for the perfect Mother's Day gift? Look no further. "Not Your Mother's Book (NYMB)…On Being A Mom" is chock full of sweet, nutty stories, kind of like a box of chocolate, only less fattening.
This irresistible anthology is a collection of 64 funny, edgy stories about raising children, from birth to the empty nest stage, so there's something for every mom. The authors span the country and share how they face the challenges of motherhood head-on with humor, ingenuity, and, more often than not, a good wine. NYMB is sure to bring a smile to your mom, mother-in-law, or even yourself.
I'm proud to be one of the NYMB contributors, and my piece titled, "The ABCs of ACTs," is something every mom of a high schooler can relate to. In fact, I promise to share some helpful hints on how to reduce the stress of standardized tests, or at least laugh your way through it.
My 13-year-old daughter grabbing my finger so that we don't lose each other in a crowd of thousands of screaming fans: PRICELESS.


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Hillary's 'Bling'
ivysellers
The New York Daily reported earlier this week that while Sen. Clinton was visiting a outreach center in New York City, an "ice-berg-sized blind — thought to exceed 3 carats" was spotted on her hand. Sources say the size of the diamond makes the senator a little uncomfortable, and so she doesn't wear it often.
Hubby Bill gave the ring to Hill months ago, in honor of their 30th wedding anniversary on Oct. 11 last year, according to the newspaper article.
Obviously the former President had a lot of making up to do.
Following Bill's confession of his affair with White House intern Monica Lewinsky in 1998, Hillary wrote in her 2003 book, "Living History" that she "felt nothing but profound sadness, disappointment and unresolved anger" and said she could barely speak to her husband.
Manuel Miranda: Big Winner at CPAC
Dimming Stars
Written By ivysellers
Miss Sellers is the assistant online editor of HumanEvents.com. E-mail her at isellers@eaglepub.com.


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Crazy World: Sheen's sons taught to say rehab
Staff, BANG and AFP
Published Monday, May 09, 2011
Charlie Sheen teaches two-year-old sons to say 'rehab'
Charlie Sheen (BANG)
US: Charlie Sheen has been teaching his two-year-old sons how to say the word "rehab".
The troubled former 'Two and a Half Men' star - who was fired from the sitcom after a fallout with co-creator Chuck Lorre over his drug taking and partying with porn stars - has revealed he is trying to expand twins Bob and Max's vocabulary so they understand where there mother Brooke Mueller is.
Brooke recently entered rehab after refusing to take a court ordered drug test.
Charlie told TMZ: "I am teaching them words, because they're speaking now. I'm teaching them the word 'rehab' so they always know where their mom is."
Charlie - who has three other children from previous relationships - had hoped to win primary legal and physical custody of Bob and Max but had his plea rejected by judge Hank Goldberg at the Stanley Mosk Courthouse in Los Angeles.
The decision maintained the situation decided in court on March 10, which sees Brooke have majority custody of Bob and Max while Sheen will be allowed to spend time with them every other weekend from Saturday morning until Sunday evening for the first two months.
For the following two months, he will have the children every other weekend from Saturday morning to Monday morning. After that - provided both he and Brooke stay alcohol and drug free - he will have them an additional Wednesday morning through to Thursday morning.
Love-struck Pole plunges into trouble
BERLIN: A Pole on holiday in Germany jumped from a ship into a chilly lake to prove his love to his wife, but instead lost his trousers, his wallet, and ended up being fined, police said Thursday.
The 29-year-old man, who was not named, sprang from the deck of a tourist ship into the 15 degree Celsius (59 Fahrenheit) waters of Lake Moehne in western Germany on Wednesday.
Fearing a suicide bid, the captain summoned both the police and the fire brigade, Soest police spokesman Winfried Schnieders told AFP.
The holiday-maker was rescued, minus trousers and wallet which he lost in the jump, and was fined by the fire department for wasting its time.
He said he just wanted "to prove his love to his wife", Schnieders said.
The wife, however, "was not amused", he added.
Rare fish costs almost as much as a car
(AGENCIES)
CHINA: A red dragon fish, costing almost as much as a BMW, is available at a shop in Chengdu, Sichuan province.
The fish, which comes from Indonesia, is 55-centimeters long and weighs 1.5 kilograms, reports China Daily.
Its scales and fins are pepper red, which is rare, as most dragon fish are usually yellow or silver.
If any fish fans are interested, the price is 360,000 yuan ($68,695), says the daily.
According to the paper, the rare fish is also high maintenance, costing more than 300 yuan per month to keep.
Japanese lab invents internet kissing machine
JAPAN: A Japanese lab has created a device that may let you "French kiss" someone over the internet.
And by "kiss," we mean waggle your tongue on a plastic straw, thereby making another plastic straw waggle remotely, reports CNN.
Well, Tokyo's Kajimoto Laboratory says it's just the beginning of what could become a full-on person-to-person experience over the internet.
The lab, part of The University of Electro-Communications, posted a video in which a researcher demonstrates the "Kiss Transmission Device." It's a motorized box that looks a little like a police Breathalyzer, said the news website.


A good deal awaits jobs-producing business growth just up the road in Union County.
Gov. Bill Haslam and the state's Department of Economic and Community Development, headed by Knoxville guy Randy Boyd, have reclassified Tennessee counties to create a designation that helps rural counties recruit new business. In 17 so-called "tier four" counties, the state will double down on incentives.
An overflow crowd showed up for last week's Alice Bell Spring Hill Neighborhood Association meeting to hear the Tennessee Department of Transportation's plans to improve traffic flow in the East Towne area (and yes, not once during the hour-long presentation did anyone call it by its official name, Knoxville Center).
For the TDOT engineers, the emphasis was safety and traffic flow.
TDOT has tweaked its plans for improvements at Broadway and I-640 to accommodate bike and pedestrian access in response to comments at previous public meetings.
Representatives from TDOT and its engineering consultant, CDM Smith, were at Fountain City Business and Professional Association Sept. 9 to present revised plans and take questions/comments.


Simple bronze knob with concentric circles surrounding a larger than normal raised bronze center dot. Similar in style to many doorknobs of the early 1900's in office or apartment building settings. Sold as a single individual knob.


A petition was filed in a court here in Madhya Pradesh on Thursday against Bollywood star Aamir Khan, saying his comment on intolerance will vitiate the atmosphere in the country.
The petition was filed on behalf of Ashok Soni and Abhishek Bhargava in the court of additional sessions judge Justice Jitendra Singh Kushwaha.
Accepting the petition, the court fixed December 3 for hearing.
The plea said Aamir Khan was a "role model" for the youth of the country, and he had a huge fan following, and thus his comment on growing intolerance will vitiate the atmosphere in the country.
The petitioners said the creation of such a situation was a criminal offence.


The bill passed in February is similar to the Obama administration's Making Home Affordable Program that began in March.
California is imposing a 90-day moratorium on housing foreclosures under a new law that takes effect Monday.
The law is expected to make lenders try harder to keep borrowers in their homes. Loan companies must prove they tried to modify the delinquent loans before they can begin foreclosing.
But supporters acknowledge the California Foreclosure Prevention Act won't stop thousands of foreclosures from eventually happening. There have been more than 365,000 foreclosures in California since early 2007, with many more already scheduled.
Both encourages lenders to cut interest rates or rewrite loans to affordable levels.


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Traditional Irish Music TV from TG4 this Christmas
Hospitality Ireland presents a summary of Irish culinary news
6 Irish bands you'll hear about in 2022
Irish film tops prestigious list of best films of 2021
New fund has 75 million euros for Irish food start-ups to 'go beyond Ireland'
Irish music who's who pays tribute to the late Mic Christopher in new documentary about his life
1.87 million euros announced for Irish music and arts abroad
Christy Moore Recognized For Her Life In Irish Music
Irish movie
Irish food
Cinema Epoch acquires Irish film "Penance" by Tom Collins (EXCLUSIVE)
By James J. Bridges on	 October 1, 2018 Irish movie
Los Angeles-based independent distributor Cinema Epoch has acquired the US rights to "Penance," the English and Irish film about a priest confronting his past as a hot preacher who promoted violence against British rule in Northern Ireland. North.
Tom Collins directed the film, which is produced by Derry-based De Facto Films and Edwina Forkin's Zanzibar Films. Broadcaster TG4, the Irish Film Board, Northern Ireland Screen and the Irish Language Broadcast Fund supported the project. Collins' Gaelic-language film "Kings" was Ireland's first foreign-language Oscar nomination in 2007.
Peter Coonan ("Love / Hate") plays the priest whose youth support for violent resistance across a divided Ireland catches up with him later in life. Barry Barnes ("71") and Gerard McSorley ("Omagh") are also playing.
London-based Starline Entertainment manages worldwide sales of "Penance" and has entered into the Cinema Epoch deal. Julie Delaney, director of global distribution for Starline, negotiated the deal with Cinema Epoch chairman Gregory Hatanaka and said the Los Angeles-based independent distributor was "an ideal fit for 'Penance'."
Hatanaka added: "We are extremely excited to give viewers here in the United States the chance to experience this powerful film from multi-award winning Irish director Tom Collins and hope that today's generation will learn from the events. tragic histories depicted in the film. "
Irish movie Sing Street to be turned into a Broadway musical this year – The Irish Sun
Irish film "Handsome Devil" at the Garden State Film Festival
Irish Movie Lost & Found 2019 in USA
Irish film series ends with 'Inish' – Knox County VillageSoup
James J. Bridges
Irish moviegoers don't know what to say as Aisling Bea stars in trailer for controversial Home Alone reboot
Mike Houlihan for Irish film Hooley, September 24-26, 2021


The Ketchum Urban Renewal Agency unanimously approved a controversial land exchange on Monday to advance a plan to build affordable housing west of the commercial core.
The vote approved a plan to trade the city-owned property at 211 E. First St. for property at 611-691 Second Ave., north of the Ketchum Post Office. Ultimately, the URA plans to create 21-24 new affordable-housing units on the site. The site is zoned General Residential-Low Density, with a small portion zoned Tourist, which allows for more development.
Approval of the exchange occurred after Lisa Horowitz, the city's community and economic development director, proposed an amendment to give the Second Avenue property holders Emil Capik, Tim Higgins and Bernard Gratlon 10 days to decide on the agreement. While URA member Jim Slanetz was not in attendance, the rest of the board approved the amendment, followed by the amended agreement.
Ketchum resident Phyllis Shafran said she was against the land deal in part because of the negative impacts it would have on parking.
Shafran also said she was against the agreement because no restrictions would be placed on the property holders to build affordable housing, calling the URA "hypocritical" as a result.
Following public comments, members of the URA board said the Ketchum City Council will not rush through working to reach a final decision on the exchange.
URA Chariman Mark Eshman agreed with Hall, saying that the exchange is far from being finalized.


The Italy national football team represents Italy in international football competition and is controlled by the Federazione Italiana Giuoco Calcio (FIGC). They are the current World Champions, having won the 2006 FIFA World Cup.
Italy is among the top teams in international football and the second most successful national team in the history of the World Cup having won four titles (1934, 1938, 1982, 2006), just one fewer than Brazil. To this tally they can add one European championship (1968), one Olympic football tournament (1936) and two (defunct) Central European International Cups.
The traditional colour of the national team (as well as all Italian teams and athletes) is azure blue (azzurro, in Italian), due to the "Azzurro Savoia" (Savoy Blue), the colour traditionally linked to the royal dynasty which unified Italy in 1861, and maintained in the official standard of the President of the Italian Republic.


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PHOTOS / 5 MARCH 2016
Injured sailor airlifted (PE) and woman suffering heat exhaustion assisted (Plett)
PORT ELIZABETH: At 13h49, Friday, 04th March, NSRI ASR (Air Sea Rescue) were alerted by MRCC (Maritime Rescue Coordination Centre) of a pending sea rescue operation to patient evacuate an Indian sailor, age 20, suffering a compound fractured left ankle and laceration, reportedly sustained when a piece of metal fell on the sailor, from the bulk carrier Genco Commudus, sailing from Chile to Bahrain and due to be off-shore of Port Elizabeth later in the day.The incident reportedly happened aboard the ship at approximately 11h45 the same day and the ships Captain alerted MRCC. It was deemed necessary for the patient to be evacuated off the ship at the earliest opportunity and the bulk carrier, passing by the South African coast at the time, was diverted to head towards the nearest Port (Port Elizabeth). NSRI ASR duty crew prepared for the operation and an SA Air Force (SAAF) 15 Squadron, Charlie Flight BK-117 helicopter was made ready and an EC Government Health EMS rescue paramedic was activated. NSRI Port Elizabeth duty crew were placed on alert.At 15h11 the rescue operation commenced and the SAAF 15 Squadron, Charlie Flight, helicopter, accompanied by two NSRI ASR rescue swimmers and an EMS rescue paramedic rendezvoused with the ship 19 nautical miles off-shore of Cape Recife in 4 to 5 meter swells and a 30 knot South Easterly wind.An NSRI ASR rescue swimmer was winch hoisted from the helicopter onto the ship and the patient was found to be in a stable condition with the compound fracture and laceration of his left ankle in dressings and splints and the patient was winch hoisted into the helicopter with the rescue swimmer and medical treatment was continued by the EMS rescue paramedic inside the helicopter en route to hospital in Port Elizabeth. On landing the patient was transferred into an EMS ambulance and he has been transported to hospital in a stable condition for further treatment.PLETTENBERG BAY: At 16h11, Friday, 04th March, NSRI Plettenberg Bay duty crew were activated following a request for assistance for a woman reportedly suffering from exhaustion while on a hike with her husband at Witsand on the Robberg Nature Reserve hiking trail.The sea rescue craft Ray Farnham Rescuer was launched and on arrival at the beach at Robberg Nature Reserve NSRI rescuers hiked to Witsand where they found the patient, a 47 year old German woman, with her husband, and she was found to be a hypertensive patient and suffering from suspected heat exhaustion.The patient was walked to the sea rescue craft while her husband went to fetch their vehicle at the parking area.She was taken aboard the sea rescue craft and brought to the sea rescue station where she was further medically checked by the sea rescue duty doctor and on advice to administer electrolytes the patient, in a stable and satisfactory condition, was released requiring no further assistance. Her husband arrived at the sea rescue base and they left together. -ENDS- TO REPORT A SEA RESCUE EMERGENCY DIAL 112 FROM A CELLPHONE
Father and son rescued after their small boat capsizes off The Bluff


The United States Floorball Association is here to help support the growth of Floorball in the United States. USA Floorball's mission is:- To support the efforts of, and to provide assistance, to athletes representing the United States in world-wide competition in the game of Floorball- To promote the game of Floorball through education and training.The United States Floorball Association is a registered 501(c)(3) Amateur Athletic Organization.
All net earnings benefits the sport. No compensation is provided to any officer, director, or member of the organization.


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Zynga Announces New Game and Takeover of SW Commander
August 24, 2018 August 24, 2018 Lisa ClarkStar Wars: Commander
Zynga had two great new announcements for us this week. First, they have a new multi-year agreement with Disney to develop a new free-to-play Star Wars game for mobile devices. on August 21st in an official press release, they shared the news of the new game:
"Zynga Inc. (Nasdaq:ZNGA), a leading social game developer, today announced a multi-year licensing agreement with Disney to develop and publish a new mobile game, with the option for a second game, that brings to life the universe of Star Wars ™ for players around the world. As a part of the agreement, Zynga will also assume operation of the live service of Star Wars ™: Commander, a free-to-play real-time strategy game developed by Disney that was launched in 2014.
"Star Wars is one of the most iconic franchises in the world and has engaged generations of fans for decades. As game makers and moviegoers, we're huge fans of Star Wars and are excited to create new experiences for players that bring this beloved brand to life," said Frank Gibeau, Zynga CEO. "We look forward to extending the reach of the Star Wars universe and developing a new mobile game that entertains players for years to come and has the potential to be a future forever franchise for Zynga."
"The opportunity with Zynga is the latest step in our mobile games licensing strategy, which pairs Disney characters and stories with proven partners to create unique games for our fans," said Kyle Laughlin, Senior Vice President of Games and Interactive Experiences at Disney. "Zynga's expertise in developing successful games and running live services makes them an ideal partner and we look forward to further extending the Star Wars universe through these new experiences.""
In addition to this announcement, they also said they will be taking over the live operations for Star Wars: Commander, released in 2014. This is a great contract for Zynga and with the great games they've already given us for mobile like Words with Friends and Zynga Poker, here's hoping they do mobile Star Wars right as well.
Lisa Clark
Lisa has been an avid gamer since she was old enough to hold her first controller and a game writer for more than a decade. A child of the Nintendo generation, she believes they just don't make games like they used to but sometimes, they make them even better! While consoles will always be her first love, Lisa spends most of her gaming time on the PC these days- on MMOs and first-person shooters in particular.
Star Wars: Force Arena – 8/23 Update Details
Changes to the Cartel Market — Monday August 27 2018


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Home > Gymnastics > Simone Biles battles through the pain barrier to help USA win team gold at world championships
Simone Biles battles through the pain barrier to help USA win team gold at world championships
by Clive Morgan - 30 October 2018
Simone Biles battled through the pain barrier to help the United States win the world team title at the World Gymnastics Championships in Doha and earn her 11th career gold medal in the competition.
The 21-year-old, who has been suffering from a kidney stone since being rushed to hospital in the Qatari capital, was not her usual dominant self but it barely mattered such is the evident gulf in class.
The US team, also including the reigning world all-around champion Morgan Hurd, won the title by almost 10 points, scoring 171.269 over Russia's 162.863 for silver, with China taking bronze.
Biles almost fell from beam, on which she was out-pointed by her team-mate Kara Eaker, and stepped out on floor, while she resisted the temptation to take a risk with her new 'Biles' vault which had top-scored in qualifying.
Biles said: "I still feel pretty good – I'm in a little bit of pain but it's nothing I can't manage and I haven't had to do anything differently apart from missing one training session.
"There was no point in me doing it (the 'Biles') tonight, just to be safe, and we've had some pretty good vault scores. We'll talk later about what we'll do when it comes to the vault finals."
Biles could make history when she returns to action in the women's all-around competition, where victory would make her the first woman to win five world all-around titles.
She could also end these championships by overhauling Vitaly Scherbo's tally of 12 to win the most world titles of any man of woman, and match Svetlana Khorkina's career record of 20 world medals of any colour.
While Biles has shrugged off any talk of such feats, it seems almost inconceivable she will not win at least four more, with the biggest question mark over her least favourite event, the uneven bars.
Morgan Hurd
Hurd, who claimed gold at World Championships in Montreal last year during Biles' 18-month absence from the sport, appears to have already conceded that her reign is coming to an end.
"I'm competing against the greatest of all-time, so I'm not really thinking about that," said Hurd, who will nevertheless expect to join her good friend and team-mate on the podium.
Defending champion Xiao Ruoteng of China is expected to retain his men's all-around title in the final, in which Brinn Bevan and James Hall compete for Great Britain.
Tagged artistic gymnastics Doha gymnastics Kara Eaker Morgan Hurd Simone Biles Svetlana Khorkina United States Vitaly Scherbo world championships
Brinn Bevan's Christ the Redeemer tattoo almost ready two years after Rio Olympics
Russia's Artur Dalaloyan wins men's all-around world title on tie-break
Shadow over USA Gymnastics
Minsk 2019 European Games: Belarus at the double as Hancharou bounces back
25 June 2019 26 June 2019


Two weekends ago we set out on a road trip to track down some Super Bloom wild flowers. We ended up at Amboy Crater off Route 66 in the Mojave National Preserve. Lots of yellow and purple wildflowers growing amidst the black volcanic rock in this normally barren part of the desert.
Last time we were out at the Sand Box we located one of the many Petroglyph sites in the Mojave Desert. This one is located very near the Desert Megaphone and is quite impressive.
Last weekend I went to the Sand Box and our group got a private tour of a very cool and unique property….sorry no pictures allowed to be posted here but ask me in person and I will give you the run down!
I spent the weekend at the Sand Box and this time we explored the Rodman Mountain range. Very interesting area with an ancient lava field and canyon. Some of the black lava rock resembles what you would see in Hawaii.
So, this little guy was very friendly with us this past weekend. He got fed some Hawaiian rolls.
Another classic sign posted at the Sand Box.
Just a little fun in the Newberry this past weekend.
Just a few pics from my trip last weekend!
This is the same tree, just shot one month apart.
I spent another great weekend in Newberry Springs. We drove thru Afton Canyon, explored Spooky Canyon and found the Desert Megaphone. Of course, the time at the Sand Box was amazing.
One for the record books. This strange art piece is well off the beaten path in the Mojave Desert. Well wort the trip.


Grassroots Gamemaster has stirred up a lot of trouble and almost everyone hates him. I'm really confused why people hate him, but I think it's because they are reacting to the surface level antagonism he has. If you look past that to his actual message, it's really good. As I said before, "Sign me up."
If you'd like to know what his message is, a week ago I would have told you to read like 50 different things he wrote. But now you can just forget all that and read one post where he sums everything up. He even wrote this one without the usual antagonism, so maybe people will be able to hear the message this time.
2) Geniuses really are mild-mannered and agreeable (or "we don't need the other kind because the supply of mild-mannered ones is plenty!"). Sure David Lynch and Isaac Newton are/were hard to work with, but we don't need their contributions.
3) Let's not get the best people for the job. You're going to say this is deep in the territory of straw-man argument, but it really isn't. GRGM says ignore who works which company and get the people from anywhere, in any field, who are most aligned in passion and skill with what you need. Don't have a system where you then expect them to work on whatever it is that happens to be the next project. To disagree with this, you'd have to say that it's better to use whoever you happen to have at your company for whatever project you happen to do. Or if you say you can recruit the geniuses who are exactly right, you'd have to then argue that it's fine to keep them on staff indefinitely (what if they are AI specialists or WW2 history buffs and your next game doesn't use their skills?) and that they will even accept the notion of you choosing their next projects for them.
I'm sure you'll come up with even more creative objections. Sometimes, though, somebody comes along and says some frankly obvious stuff and it's hard to say "yeah, that's pretty much right." Consider that maybe this is one of those times. And also know that even in the most rosy of futures, you'll have your movie tie-in games kicked out the door by someone, just like always. But there's money to be made by doing this this other way, too.
Discussions of how you hate GRGM are pointless. You should either discuss how he or the industry can make this happen, or just get out of the way. Don't be Fred Smith's college professor in 1965 who gave him a C on his paper a new idea called Federal Express. And don't be like Art Linkletter who in 1954 laughed at Walt Disney's advice to buy up property around a new park called Disneyland. Sometimes a new idea or new way of doing things really is good.


Nigel Ingram (left)and John Blight (right), have been jailed by Canterbury Crown Court for fraud connected to the salvage of artifacts from the wreck of HMS Hermes in the English Channel.
Two UK based divers have been jailed for failing to declare artifacts lifted illicitly from the wreck of HMS Hermes in the English Channel.
Following a two week trial at Canterbury Crown Court, Nigel Ingram , of London Road, Teynham, and John Blight, , of Old River Way in Winchelsea, East Sussex were jailed for four years and three and a half years respectively for the crime of failing to report items recovered from the wreck of the Cruiser for financial gain.
Built as a cruiser, HMS Hermes was converted into an aircraft transport just before war broke out in August 1914, but her wartime career lasted barely three months and she was sunk off the coast of France by a German U-boat on 31 October 1914. Forty four of her crew were lost in the sinking rendering the vessel a maritime military grave in the eyes of the UK Government. A factor which led to the site being designated under the Protection of Military Remains Act.
Mr Blight's boat, De Bounty, was spotted over the wreck of HMS Hermes by French maritime surveillance officers on 30 September 2014. A subsequent investigation of the wreck showed that a condenser had been removed and equipment previously seen aboard the De Bounty had been left on the wreck. Ship's condensers are a common target for salvage on account of the scrap value of the large amounts of valuable copper which they contain.
An investigation by the French authorities was then referred to their counterparts in the UK including the Kent Police and Historic England and Ingram and Blight were arrested in October 2015.
"More than 100 items of unreported wreck were recovered at Ingram's home along with approximately £16,000 cash. A number of photographs were also located on his computer, one of which showed the condenser of the Hermes on the back of De Bounty approximately four hours after it had been boarded by the French surveillance officers.
The total value of items of undeclared wreck recovered by the pair is estimated at £150,000.
"The HMS Hermes and other shipwrecks of its kind are legally protected for a reason, and that is because they form an important part of the history of this country.
'Nigel Ingram and John Blight have demonstrated a complete disregard for the law by helping themselves to artefacts that should have remained beneath the sea instead of being brought to the surface and sold for scrap metal.
"Like nighthawking on land, the illicit removal of objects from underwater archaeological contexts does much more damage beyond just the loss of an item. All archaeological sites can give us clues and evidence about past events and it is this history that is disturbed and lost when items are removed.
'This removal means that part of our national story is lost and can never be replaced, particularly where historic artefacts have been sold for scrap, as in this case.
The use of fraud charges, in particular, rather than charges related to specifically heritage aspects of the crime such as the Protection of Military Remains Act, marks an increasingly common approach to such crimes on the part of the Police, Historic England and other heritage bodies working with the Crown Prosecution Service. The penalties for crimes such as fraud and criminal damage are often more severe than for specific heritage crimes. In particular, the use of fraud charges also enables the authorities to seek not just a jail sentence, but also a confiscation order under the Proceeds of Crime Act to force the offender to repay any profits from the crime. This approach was used in a previous case relating to the illicit recovery of artifacts, the successful prosecution of another Kent based diver, Vincent Woolsgrove, for the fraudulent recovery of cannon from the protected wreck of HMS London in the Thames Estuary.


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Linder Announces Retirement
By Lauren W. Whittington and Jackie Kucinich
Posted February 27, 2010 at 11:00am
Rep. John Linder (R-Ga.) announced Saturday morning at a Gwinnett County GOP breakfast that he will not seek another term in November.
His departure creates a second open-seat race in a staunchly Republican district in Georgia this cycle. Rep. Nathan Deal's (R) bid for governor is also opening up his northwestern 9th district seat. The GOP is expected to have little trouble holding both.
According to GOP strategists, the likely early frontrunners in the suburban Atlanta 7th district race are state Sen. Don Balfour, who is chairman of the Rules Committee, and state Sen. David Shafer. Shafer, a former executive director of the Georgia GOP, is a prolific fundraiser and he has run statewide before.
Other state legislators being mentioned as possible GOP contenders are state Reps. Clay Cox, Tom Rice, Donna Sheldon and Mike Coan. Cox is probably the most likely to run, and he is wealthy and can self-fund a bid.
Gwinnett County Commissioner Mike Beaudreau, Gwinnett County GOP Chairman Chuck Efstration, who is a Gwinnett assistant district attorney, and Sandy Springs City Councilman Doug MacGinnitie, who is currently running for secretary of state, are also likely to look at the race.
Linder was first elected to Congress in 1992, and his highest profile re-election race in the past decade came in 2002, when he defeated then-Rep. Bob Barr in a GOP primary that was the result of redistricting.
He served one term as chairman of the National Republican Congressional Committee in the 1998 cycle. But after Republicans lost ground that year he was ousted as chairman.
Linder becomes the 20th House Republican to announce plans to leave at the end of this Congress. Fourteen House Democrats are retiring or running for other office.
John McArdle contributed to this report.


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Massive recall of chocolate products due to outbreak of monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium in 10 European countries
by European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)
An outbreak of monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium in 10 European countries with 150 reported cases, predominantly affecting young children, has been linked to chocolate products produced by a large multinational company. Since the identification of the first cases in the United Kingdom (UK) in February 2022, one of the most extensive withdrawals of chocolate products in European commercial history has taken place. Given the approach of Easter, the widespread product distribution, and the vulnerability of the affected population, early and effective real-time sharing of microbiological and epidemiological information has been of critical importance in managing this serious food-borne incident.
In a rapid communication published in Eurosurveillance, Larkin et al. describe the epidemiological investigations and coordination of measures across countries. In February 2022, a small five-single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) single linkage cluster of eight cases of infection with monophasic Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Typhimurium (1,4,5,12:i:-) eBG 1, sequence type (ST) 34 was identified in the UK. The cluster was unusual, with all but one reported case younger than 10 years, and the strain demonstrated genotypic markers of an unusual antimicrobial resistance pattern not commonly seen in livestock, food, or human disease cases in the UK. The cluster was not closely related to any other UK strains of monophasic S. Typhimurium.
Exploratory interviews using an open-ended, anthropological approach (not binary yes/no questions) were undertaken for hypothesis generation, after which a targeted questionnaire was used to refine hypotheses identified through the exploratory interviews, confirming a strong signal for a specific brand of chocolate products.
Following the UK's notification on the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) EpiPulse Food and Waterborne Diseases (FWD) platform on 17 February 2022, and an Early Warning and Response System (EWRS) alert on 25 March, Germany, Sweden, France, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Norway, Ireland, Belgium, and Spain reported confirmed or probable cases in their respective countries. By 8 April 2022, a total of 150 confirmed and probable cases had been identified, with case sampling dates ranging from 21 December 2021 (the first UK case) to 28 March 2022. Descriptive epidemiological investigations demonstrated cases to be predominately in young children. The hospitalization rate was 42% of cases for whom information was available, higher than that usually reported in salmonellosis outbreaks and for individual cases of infection with S. Typhimurium. While this is probably also influenced by the demographic characteristics of those affected, this is a possible indicator of increased clinical severity of infection in this outbreak.
Food chain investigations in the affected countries indicated that most products implicated in the epidemiological investigations were predominantly produced at a single production site in Belgium. This was the same facility from which the outbreak strain had been identified in December 2021 in the processing equipment for the buttermilk ingredient.
Based on the strong descriptive epidemiological evidence implicating these products in this outbreak, on the identified food chain links and on evidence of contamination previously identified at production, risk management actions were taken in all affected countries, including withdrawal of all product lines produced in the identified production facility and extensive product recalls, supported by news alerts and advice for consumers, starting with the first recall on 2 April in the UK and Ireland and extended to other countries shortly after. Extended recalls were also carried out from 7 April as the investigations in several countries progressed, resulting in further evidence to support these recalls. On 8 April, Belgian authorities stopped production at the facility in Belgium, and the WHO/FAO International Food Safety Authorities Network (INFOSAN) also issued a global alert on 10 April notifying 77 countries and territories to which distribution of the implicated products had been established to initiate a global recall.
Multidrug resistant profile
A striking aspect of the outbreak was the multidrug resistance profile of the outbreak strain, specifically resistance to kanamycin and gentamicin, and the presence of lnu(F), a determinant of resistance to lincosamides, which are relatively rare for monophasic S. Typhimurium in Europe. The outbreak strain is susceptible to fluoroquinolones, azithromycin and third-generation cephalosporins, which provide effective treatment options for cases of bloodstream infection, but the unusual AMR profile provided an additional characteristic of the outbreak strain that could be assessed by all countries in the early stages of investigation for case ascertainment and possible hypothesis generation. This emphasizes the usefulness of including more uncommon AMR profiles in early international communications and subsequent incorporation as part of the international outbreak case definitions, where this facilitates identification of possible or probable cases before the application of WGS and/or epidemiological investigations to confirm outbreak cases.
Early notification of the detection of the outbreak and the preliminary findings of the UK investigation followed by rapid multi-country collaboration in information-sharing was essential to the rapid progress of the outbreak investigations. The descriptive epidemiological information provided strong evidence implicating the vehicle of infection, especially when amalgamated at an international level, enabling public health and food safety authorities to undertake the necessary controls swiftly. The subsequent information about the detection of the outbreak strain in the implicated processing facility in December 2021, provided further microbiological confirmation of the link between the company's products and the Europe-wide outbreak.
More information: Larkin et al, Investigation of an international outbreak of multidrug-resistant monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium associated with chocolate products, EU/EEA and United Kingdom, February to April 2022, Eurosurveillance (2022). DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.15.2200314. www.eurosurveillance.org/conte … S.2022.27.15.2200314
Provided by European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)
Citation: Massive recall of chocolate products due to outbreak of monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium in 10 European countries (2022, April 14) retrieved 1 February 2023 from https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-04-massive-recall-chocolate-products-due.html
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