"Believing women should lower their gaze and guard their modesty; they should not display their zeenah charms, beauty or ornaments except what must ordinarily appear thereof; they should draw their outer garments over their bosoms."
Nancy Graham Holm: Does The French Law Forbidding Full-Face Veils Cover Up the Real Problem?
Among the texts they have differed over is this Qur'anic verse: [And say to the believing women that they should lower their gaze and guard their modesty; that they should not display their zeenah (charms, or beauty and ornaments) except what (must ordinarily) appear thereof] (An-Nur 24: 31).


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"You shall not make for yourself an image in the form of anything in heaven above or on the earth beneath or in the waters below. You shall not bow down to them or worship them; for I, the Lord your God, am a jealous God, punishing the children for the sin of the parents to the third and fourth generation of those who hate me, but showing love to a thousand generations of those who love me and keep my commandments."
In Ancient Near Eastern cultures idols were man made objects unlike anything else. The people had long traditions about gods that were often rooted in prehistoric times. The mental visions of these beings, benevolent or hostile, were expressed in material form with iconic details, powerful semiotic signs. The image of the god or goddess not only represented the society's vision of the divinity but was more - it was his or her actual presence in the ritual. Carrying the image in festive parades from place to place was integral part of the reciting of sacred histories associated with the shrines and temples. The images were catered, given full board service and nightly protection to sleep in peace.
Ten Commandments has a stern prohibition against such deep rooted religious practices and includes not only pagan gods but also the making of image of God of Israel, the only real God there is.
Iconoclastic disputes within Jewish, Christian and Muslim communities reflect this commandment in the Law of Moses. Especially in Islam the prohibition against religious images of holy men and events has been carried to extreme. There is a deep philosophical and religious idea behind the iconoclastic forms of Islam possibly influenced by the bloody dispute over icons in 8th century Christian church. Nestorian and other theologians discussed with Muslim theologians in Abbasid Caliphate and the ideas were adopted. By making an image of God, Allah, man reduces the majesty of God into something that can be handled by humans.
"Do not make an image of God" can be extended to other forms of image making besides painting or sculpture. For what else is an image of a god carved from wood than expression of what is in mind into formatted matter?
In search of intelligent design and planning in Nature one must use mathematical, philosophical, theological and other criteria to define, how intelligence appears there. ID movement does not necessarily talk about divine beings to be involved in theory formation and explanation of natural processes. But the great interest in ID argumentation by many groups of Christians reflects the God element so deeply involved in the study of Creation.
The making of a mental image of God through methods and theories corresponds to the ancient need to see God. Unfortunately, the end result is not a genuine image of God at work in Nature but rather an Idol.
This Idol is attacked by atheists who reasonably assume that William Paley has described correctly Judeo-Christian view on how God works in the nature and find logical faults in the mental image. "These and these aspects in Nature do not fit with the image of God you have made for yourself."
Do not make an image of God.
Let God give birth of Christ in you through His Word in Holy Spirit.
Study nature, learn about its wonders, ask questions, challenge accepted theories, enjoy David Attenborough's BBC series to the full giving emphasis to what you see rather than the human explanation that you hear. It is an overwhelming religious experience!
Study Scriptures where you find the real image of God which not only is there to be found but affects your person to the bone.
Both when dealing with natural sciences and when studying the Bible keep one thing in mind and never let it go - love of Truth.


Solent Engineering are currently recruiting for skilled Welder Fabricators that excel in welding Stainless Steel and Aluminium.
A successful applicant will have the opportunity to be part of a close working team that produce custom and production fabrications for the Superyacht Industry and also produce Solent Engineering's famous range of commercial fishing solutions.
Use and knowledge of general fabrication and sheet metal equipment is required and machining skills are advantageous.
You must be able to work well within a team and also be self motivated and able to work on projects by yourself.
You must be a 'can do' style engineer that can assess and get over varying tasks and solve problems should they arise.
Welding must be of the upmost quality for the industry you will be working within.
You must be a good time keeper, able to work to deadlines and be reliable and punctual.
Own means of transport and non smokers preferred.


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text:
Boom! Studios[1]
Comedy-drama
No. of issues
60, plus 3 specials
Grace Ellis
Shannon Watters
Brittney Williams
Aimee Fleck
Carolyn Nowak
Felicia Choo
T. Zysk
Letterer(s)
Aubrey Aiese
Colorist(s)
Maarta Laiho
Whitney Leopard
Lumberjanes is a comic book series created by Shannon Watters, Grace Ellis, Brooklyn A. Allen and Noelle Stevenson[2] and published via the Boom Box! imprint of Boom! Studios. The story follows a group of girls named Mal, Ripley, Molly, April, and Jo spending summer at a scout camp, and the strange creatures and supernatural phenomena they encounter there. Originally planned as an eight-part series, the comic was made an ongoing series following strong sales and critical acclaim.[3]
1 Publication history
3.1 Campers
3.2 Camp staff
4 Collected Editions
5 Novels
8 Film adaptation
Lumberjanes came about as the result of Boom! Studios editor Shannon Watters approaching writer Grace Ellis in the hopes of creating a girl-centric comic series. After settling on a story set at a summer camp, the pair brought in Brooklyn A. Allen for initial character designs and Noelle Stevenson as a co-writer.[4] The series would be the second published on Boom! Studios' Boom! Box imprint, which aimed to feature experimental, creator-driven work by writers and artists from outside the mainstream comics industry.[5] A single eight-issue story arc was originally planned, but shortly after the release of the second issue, Boom! Studios announced that Lumberjanes would become an ongoing series.[6] The Lumberjanes characters were featured in a six-part crossover with DC's Gotham Academy in June 2016.[7]
The story is set in and around Miss Qiunzella Thiskwin Penniquiqul Thistle Crumpet's Camp for Hardcore Lady Types, a summer camp whose attendees are known as Lumberjane Scouts. The five scouts of the Roanoke cabin—Jo, April, Molly, Mal and Ripley—witness a mysterious old woman transforming into a bear, and after following her into the woods, encounter a hostile pack of three-eyed supernatural foxes. As more three-eyed creatures start to appear, the girls task themselves with solving the mysteries surrounding the camp.
Over the course of the story, characters earn or refer to various Lumberjane scout badges. The characters frequently invoke the names of notable female pioneers, with phrases such as "Oh my Bessie Coleman" and "What the Joan Jett?" [8] Each issue ends with a track listing for a mixtape prepared by one of the characters.
Jo is the most cool-headed and analytical member of the group. She is a transgender girl who has two gay fathers. She acts as the de facto leader and specializes in the more mathematical puzzles the group faces, and is the most by-the-book of the scouts, knowing the Lumberjane pledge by heart. She has a strong bond with April, including a secret handshake. When Jen is absent, Jo is the most likely to worry about the safety of the group and attempt to rescue her friends. She has the most badges in Roanoke cabin.
April has a flair for the dramatic and a love of puns, and habitually takes notes on the various puzzles the group encounters in her diary. Though outwardly the least physically imposing Lumberjane, she is revealed to be the strongest after successfully arm wrestling a giant living statue. She is also the fact-finder and knowledge base for most of their adventures, and is always ready to face the unknown. She is thought to have a crush on Jo.
Molly is a skilled archer, but being shy, she sometimes worries that she doesn't contribute enough to the group. However, it is revealed that she has a head for word games and puzzles, and likes to read, loves history, and has the second-most patches of anyone, belying her experience. While Jo or April take the lead and forage ahead, Molly will watch the back of the group, preferring to look after Mal (often anxious), or Ripley (often distracted). She has a raccoon companion named Bubbles whom she wears as a hat and has a mutual crush on Mal. She has a rocky relationship with her family, particularly her mother, probably due to her love interest in Mal, while her relationship with her father appears to be relatively neutral.
Mal, despite her punk appearance, is the most cautious and sensitive of the group. She specializes in crafting elaborate plans. She is often paranoid about the dangers facing them at the camp, has a fear of rivers, lakes, and other bodies of water, and is watched over and protected by Molly, whom she likes romantically. They often hold hands and share panels together as a couple.
Ripley is the youngest and most energetic of the girls, liable to launch herself towards danger without any fear. Her famous move includes drop kicking things in the stomach, including foxes, yetis, statues, and even Mal. She loves animals, from kittens to dinosaurs, and cookies, candy and other sugars. Despite often being the catalyst for trouble (forcing the others to follow her to rescue her from jumping into white water rapids, for example) she possesses keen insight into other people's feelings. Molly and Mal are often Ripley's unofficial guardians, and if not them, then Jo. She also tends to be a softball, thrown by Mal, generally. She also has a big family but gets along with her sibling quite well.
Jen is Roanoke cabin's scout-leader and is a student in high school. The girls consider her an adult figure, meaning that they are likely on the younger end of their teen years, though it is never specified. Though Jen takes her job very seriously and is often stern with her campers, she genuinely cares for them and tries to protect them from harm. She is extremely knowledgeable about various fields such as botany and astronomy, and usually tries in vain to interest her adventurous campers in safer activities before catching on to the odd happenings at Camp.
Rosie is the camp scout-master, an easy-going, tattooed woman who enjoys woodcarving (and by dress, tattoos, name, and hobbies, is an obvious nod to Rosie the Riveter[9] [10], playing into the theme of "Hardcore Lady Types" and feminist empowerment). She seems to know more about the mysterious events surrounding the camp than she is willing to reveal, and encourages the Lumberjanes to keep their eyes peeled, tacitly encouraging them to solve the mystery.
Lumberjanes Vol. 1: Beware The Kitten Holy Noelle Stevenson, Shannon Watters, Grace Ellis, and Brooklyn A. Allen 978-1608866878 April 7, 2015 collects issues #1-4
Lumberjanes Vol. 2: Friendship To The Max Noelle Stevenson, Shannon Watters, Grace Ellis, and Brooklyn A. Allen 978-1608867370 October 13, 2015 collects issues #5-8
Lumberjanes Vol. 3: A Terrible Plan Noelle Stevenson, Shannon Watters, Grace Ellis, and Brooklyn A. Allen 978-1608868032 April 5, 2016 collects issues #9-12
Lumberjanes Vol. 4: Out Of Time Noelle Stevenson, Shannon Watters, Grace Ellis, and Brooklyn A. Allen 978-1608868605 July 12, 2016 collects issues #13-16
Lumberjanes Vol. 5: Band Together Noelle Stevenson, Shannon Watters, Grace Ellis, and Brooklyn A. Allen 978-1608869190 December 13, 2016 collects issues #17-20
Lumberjanes Vol. 6: Sink or Swim Noelle Stevenson, Shannon Watters, Grace Ellis, Brooklyn A. Allen, Kat Leyh, Carey Pietsch, and Maarta Laiho 978-1608869541 April 11, 2017 collects issues #21-24
Lumberjanes Vol. 7: A Bird's-Eye View Noelle Stevenson, Shannon Watters, Grace Ellis, Brooklyn A. Allen, Kat Leyh, Carey Pietsch, Maarta Laiho, and Ayme Sotuyo 978-1684150458 December 12, 2017 collects issues #25-28
Lumberjanes Vol. 8: Stone Cold Noelle Stevenson, Shannon Watters, Grace Ellis, Brooklyn A. Allen, Kat Leyh, Carey Pietsch, and Maarta Laiho 978-1684151325 February 20, 2018 collects issues #29-32
Lumberjanes, Vol. 9: On a Roll Kat Leyh, Carolyn Nowak, Shannon Watters, Noelle Stevenson, Grace Ellis, Brooklyn Allen, and Maarta Laiho 978-1608869572 July 24, 2018 collects issues #33-36
Lumberjanes Vol. 10: Parents' Day Kat Leyh, Shannon Watters, Noelle Stevenson, Grace Ellis, Brooklyn Allen, Ayme Sotuyo, and Maarta Laiho 978-1684152780 December 11, 2018 collects issues #37-40
Lumberjanes, Vol. 11: Time After Crime Kat Leyh, Shannon Watters, Noelle Stevenson, Grace Ellis, Brooklyn Allen, Ayme Sotuyo, and Maarta Laiho 978-1684153251 April 2, 2019 collects issues #41-44
Lumberjanes, Vol. 12: Jackalope Springs Eternal Noelle Stevenson, Shannon Watters, Grace Ellis, and Brooke A. Allen 978-1684153800 July 30, 2019 collects issues #45-48
Lumberjanes, Vol. 13: Indoor Recess Kat Leyh, Maarta Laiho, Shannon Watters, Noelle Stevenson, Grace Ellis, Brooklyn Allen, and Dozerdraws 978-1684154500 December 24, 2019 collects issues #49-52
Lumberjanes: Bonus Tracks Faith Erin Hicks, Jen Wang, Kelly Thompson, Holly Black, Gabby Rivera, Chynna Clugston Flores, Rosemary Valero-O'Connell, Christine Norrie, Savanna Ganucheau, Mariana Julia, Gaby Epstein, Maarta Laiho, and Joie Foster 978-1684152162 April 3, 2018 A collection of Lumberjanes short stories.
Lumberjanes: To The Max Edition, Volume 1 Noelle Stevenson, Shannon Watters, Grace Ellis, and Brooklyn A. Allen 978-1608868094 December 8, 2015 Hardcover; collects issues #1-8
Lumberjanes: To The Max Edition, Volume 2 Noelle Stevenson, Shannon Watters, Grace Ellis, and Brooklyn A. Allen 978-1608868896 September 13, 2016 Hardcover; collects issues #9-16
Lumberjanes: To The Max Edition, Volume 3 Noelle Stevenson, Shannon Watters, Grace Ellis, Brooklyn A. Allen, Kat Leyh, Carey Pietsch, and Maarta Laiho 978-1684150038 June 13, 2017 Hardcover; collects issues #17-24
Lumberjanes: To The Max Edition, Volume 4 Noelle Stevenson, Shannon Watters, Grace Ellis, Brooklyn A. Allen, Kat Leyh, Carey Pietsch, Maarta Laiho, and Ayme Sotuyo 978-1684151837 June 12, 2018 Hardcover; collects issues #25-32
Lumberjanes: To The Max Edition, Volume 5 Kat Leyh, Carolyn Nowak, Shannon Watters, Noelle Stevenson, Grace Ellis, Brooklyn Allen, Ayme Sotuyo, and Maarta Laiho 978-1684153121 February 26, 2019 Hardcover; collects issues #33-40
Lumberjanes: To The Max Edition, Volume 6 Kat Leyh, Shannon Watters, Noelle Stevenson, Grace Ellis, Brooklyn Allen, Ayme Sotuyo, and Maarta Laiho 978-1684154944 March 24, 2020 Hardcover; collects issues #41-48
Author Mariko Tamaki and artist Brooklyn Allen expanded the series into a four-book series of middle-grade novels:[11]
1. Unicorn Power! (3 October 2017, ISBN 9781419727252)
2. The Moon Is Up (8 May 2018, ISBN 9781419728686)
3. The Good Egg (30 October 2018, ISBN 9781419740923)
4. Ghost Cabin (10 September 2019, ISBN 9781419733611)
Lumberjanes launched to positive reviews. Many reviewers commented on the importance of the comic as an all-ages, female-led and female-authored title. Alison Berry of Comicosity said that "Lumberjanes is the book that so many have asked for, both accessible and girl friendly without sacrificing entertainment value for the older set... Girls doing for girls is important in comics especially, because it is traditionally dominated by male characters and creators." [12]
The series has a rapidly growing fanbase, and at the Staple Comic Con in Austin Texas on March 7, 2015, the regular artist of the series, Brooklyn Allen, said that the official name for fans of the series is "Lumber Jumbies" and that he hopes the fans take to this name. The name "Lumber Jumbies" was posed by 2 fans in a Q&A panel on that same date.[citation needed]
In 2015, Lumberjanes was nominated and won two Eisner Awards, for Best New Series and Best Publication for Teens;[13][14] In 2015, it was also nominated for the GLAAD Media Award for Outstanding Comic Book.[15] It was nominated for the GLAAD Outstanding Comic Book in 2018 and 2019.[16]
As of May 2015, 20th Century Fox is working on a live-action adaptation.[17] In August 2016, Emily Carmichael was announced to direct the film.[18] In August 2019, the film was reportedly canceled by Disney after its acquisition of 21st Century Fox. [19]
^ "BOOM! Box Announces Stevenson, Ellis And Allen's New Lumberjanes Series". Comics Alliance. 2014-01-06. Archived from the original on 2014-11-16. Retrieved 2014-11-14.
^ "SDCC '15: Shannon Watters Talks The Future Of Lumberjanes - Bleeding Cool News And Rumors". Bleedingcool.com. 15 July 2015. Retrieved 22 November 2017.
^ "Interview: Shannon Watters on Lumberjanes". Icv2.com. 2014-10-17. Retrieved 2014-11-14.
^ "Grace Ellis Sends Girl Power to Camp in Lumberjanes". Paste. 2014-07-14. Retrieved 2014-11-14.
^ "Lumberjanes #1 Arrives Next Month. It Looks Awesome". Panels and Pixels. 2014-03-13. Retrieved 2014-11-14.
^ "Lumberjanes Goes Ongoing at BOOM! Studios". Multiversity Comics. 2014-05-19. Retrieved 2014-11-14.
^ "Exclusive: BOOM! Studios Announces 'Lumberjanes' and 'Gotham Academy' Crossover Series". Villagevoice.com. Retrieved 22 November 2017.
^ "What the Junk: Lumberjanes #1". Panels. 2014-10-05. Retrieved 2014-11-14.
^ "Review: 'Lumberjanes,' vol. 1 — Good Comics for Kids". School Library Journal. 14 May 2015. Retrieved 22 November 2018.
^ "Lumberjanes - Book Review — Awake at Midnight". Awake at Midnight. Retrieved 22 November 2018.
^ Serrao, Nivea. "See an Exclusive Look At The Cover For The First 'Lumberjanes' Novel". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2019-11-01.
^ "Review: LUMBERJANES #1". Comicosity. 2014-04-14. Retrieved 2014-11-14.
^ "2015 Eisner Award Nominations". Comic-Con. Retrieved 2015-06-21.
^ "Eisner Awards Current Info". Comic-con.org. 17 December 2014. Retrieved 22 November 2017.
^ "Nominees". GLAAD. Retrieved 2015-06-21.
^ "GLAAD Media Awards: 'This Is Us,' 'A Fantastic Woman' Among Winners". The Hollywood Reporter. 2018-04-12. Retrieved 2018-04-13.
^ "'Munchkin' Writer Will Widger to Adapt 'Lumberjanes' Comic for 20th Century Fox (Exclusive)". Icv2.com. 2015-05-29. Retrieved 2015-06-21.
^ Gonzalez, Umberto. "Emily Carmichael to Direct 'Lumberjanes' for Fox (Exclusive)". Thewrap.com. Retrieved 11 August 2016.
^ Sobon, Nicole. "Lumberjanes Live-Action Film Canceled By Disney". cbr.com. Retrieved 14 August 2019.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Korn Ferry reports record fee revenue of $406.1 million in Q4 FY'17, driven by organic growth in Futurestep and the North America region of Executive Search.
Korn Ferry reports record annual fee revenue of $1,565.5 million, driven by the Legacy Hay acquisition and organic growth in Futurestep.
Operating income was $32.8 million in Q4 FY'17 with an operating margin of 8.1%. Adjusted EBITDA was $60.1 million with Adjusted EBITDA margin of $14.8%.
The Company continued to repurchase shares in the open market with cumulative share repurchases of 1.1 million since the Company began repurchasing in October 2016, representing a reduction of approximately 2% of outstanding shares of common stock.
Korn/Ferry International (NYSE: KFY), the preeminent global people and organizational advisory firm, today announced fourth quarter and annual fee revenue of $406.1 million and $1,565.5 million, respectively. Fourth quarter diluted earnings per share and adjusted diluted earnings per share were $0.47 and $0.62, respectively. Adjusted diluted earnings per share for the fourth quarter excluded $8.2 million, or $0.15 per share, of restructuring charges, net, integration/acquisition costs and separation costs.
"I am pleased to report record fee revenue of $406 million and strong profitability, with diluted earnings per share and adjusted diluted earnings per share of $0.47 and $0.62 and adjusted EBITDA of approximately $60 million during our recently completed fourth quarter. With continued momentum in all business lines, we achieved the highest fiscal year fee revenue in our firm's history – up 20% year over year," said Gary D. Burnison, CEO of Korn Ferry. "There is notable runway in this market for broader talent offerings. We continue to benefit from strong demand for our holistic approach – from our anchor executive search offering to organizational advisory services, leadership development, compensation and rewards and more. As we increasingly extend our brand, broaden our solutions and attract top talent to our firm, Korn Ferry is well-positioned for the future."
EBITDA refers to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization. Adjusted EBITDA further adjusts EBITDA to exclude restructuring charges, net, integration/acquisition costs, separation costs and Venezuelan foreign currency loss and includes the deferred revenue adjustment related to the acquisition of HG (Luxembourg) S.à.r.l ("Legacy Hay")). EBITDA, EBITDA margin, Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin are non-GAAP financial measures (see attached reconciliations).
Venezuelan foreign currency loss
Fee revenue was $406.1 million in Q4 FY'17, an increase of 1.6% (3.2% increase on a constant currency basis) compared to Q4 FY'16. Adjusted fee revenue was $406.1 million in Q4 FY'17, an increase of 0.3% (1.9% increase on a constant currency basis) compared to Q4 FY'16. The increase in fee revenue was due to organic growth in Futurestep and the North America region of Executive Search.
Operating margin was 8.1% in Q4 FY'17 compared to 1.2% in the year-ago quarter. In Q4 FY'17, the increase in operating margin was primarily due to decreases in integration/acquisition costs, lower foreign currency loss relating to the devaluation of the Venezuelan currency in Q4 FY'16 and a decrease in compensation expense.
Adjusted EBITDA margin was 14.8%, compared to 13.5% in the year-ago quarter. The increase in Adjusted EBITDA margin was primarily due to the improvement in margins in Executive Search due to higher fee revenue while operating expenses were relatively flat and higher margins in the Hay Group segment due to the synergies achieved in connection with the Legacy Hay acquisition.
Fee revenue was $1,565.5 million in FY'17, an increase of 21.2% (23.3% increase on a constant currency basis) compared to FY'16. Adjusted fee revenue was $1,569.1 million in FY'17, an increase of 20.4% (22.6% increase on a constant currency basis) compared to FY'17. The growth was primarily due to an increase in fee revenue associated with the acquisition of Legacy Hay that was completed on December 1, 2015, and organic growth in Futurestep fee revenue.
Operating margin was 7.3% in FY'17 compared to 4.1% in FY'16. In FY'17, the increase in operating margin was primarily due to higher fee revenue of $273.4 million and decreases in integration/acquisition costs due to the Legacy Hay acquisition and the foreign currency loss relating to the devaluation of the Venezuelan currency in FY'16.
Adjusted EBITDA margin was 15.0%, compared to 14.6% in FY'16. The increase in Adjusted EBITDA margin was primarily due to the improvement in margins in the Hay Group segment due to the synergies achieved in connection with the Legacy Hay acquisition.
Fee revenue was $162.3 million in Q4 FY'17, an increase of $2.6 million or 1.6% (an increase of $5.0 million or 3.1% on a constant currency basis) compared to Q4 FY'16. The overall increase in fee revenue was primarily attributable to higher fee revenue in our North America region.
Operating income was $30.6 million in Q4 FY'17 compared to $23.0 million in Q4 FY'16. Operating margin was 18.8% in Q4 FY'17 compared to 14.4% in the year-ago quarter. The increase in operating income was due to a decrease in general and administrative expenses as a result of lower foreign currency losses relating to the devaluation of the Venezuelan currency in FY'16 and higher fee revenue in Q4 FY'17 compared to Q4 FY'16.
Adjusted EBITDA was $34.2 million in Q4 FY'17 with an Adjusted EBITDA margin of 21.1% compared to $31.7 million and 19.9%, respectively, in Q4 FY'16. The increase in Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin was due to an increase in fee revenue while operating expenses remained relatively flat in Q4 FY'17 compared to Q4 FY'16.
Fee revenue was $185.1 million in Q4 FY'17 compared to $187.7 million in Q4 FY'16, a decrease of $2.6 million or 1.4% (an increase of $0.5 million or 0.3% on a constant currency basis) compared to the year-ago quarter. Adjusted fee revenue was $185.1 million in Q4 FY'17 compared to $192.8 million in Q4 FY'16, a decrease of $7.7 million or 4.0% (a decrease of $4.6 million or 2.4% on a constant currency basis) compared to the year-ago quarter.
Operating income was $16.1 million in Q4 FY'17, resulting in an operating margin of 8.7% in the current quarter compared to 1.5% in the year-ago quarter. Operating income increased by $13.2 million from operating income of $2.9 million in Q4 FY'16. The change in operating income was primarily due to a decrease in compensation and benefit expense and lower foreign currency losses relating to the devaluation of the Venezuelan currency in FY'16.
Adjusted EBITDA was $33.0 million in Q4 FY'17, an increase of $2.3 million compared to Q4 FY'16, resulting in Adjusted EBITDA margin of 17.8% in the current quarter.
Fee revenue was $58.7 million in Q4 FY'17, an increase of $6.2 million or 11.8% (a $7.2 million or 13.7% increase on a constant currency basis), compared to the year-ago quarter. The higher fee revenue was driven by an increase in recruitment process outsourcing and professional search of $3.5 million and $2.7 million, respectively, in Q4 FY'17 compared to Q4 FY'16.
Adjusted EBITDA was $8.8 million during Q4 FY'17, an increase of $0.9 million compared to Q4 FY'16. Adjusted EBITDA margins were 15.0% in Q4 FY'17 and Q4 FY'16.
Korn Ferry is the preeminent global people and organizational advisory firm. We help leaders, organizations and societies succeed by releasing the full power and potential of people. Our nearly 7,000 colleagues deliver services through Executive Search, Hay Group and Futurestep divisions. Visit kornferry.com for more information.
Statements in this press release and our conference call that relate to future results and events ("forward-looking statements") are based on Korn Ferry's current expectations. These statements, which include words such as "believes", "expects" or "likely", include references to our outlook. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such statements. Actual results in future periods may differ materially from those currently expected or desired because of a number of risks and uncertainties that are beyond the control of Korn Ferry. The potential risks and uncertainties include those relating to competition, the dependence on attracting and retaining qualified and experienced consultants, our ability to successfully integrate acquired businesses including Legacy Hay, our ability to recognize the anticipated benefits of the acquisition of Legacy Hay which may be affected by, among other things, competition, our ability to grow and manage growth profitability, maintain relationships with customers and suppliers and retain key employees, costs related to the acquisition of Legacy Hay, maintaining our brand name and professional reputation, potential legal liability, the portability of client relationships, global and local political or economic developments in or affecting countries where we have operations, currency fluctuations in our international operations, risks related to growth, alignment of our cost structure with our growth, restrictions imposed by off-limits agreements, reliance on information processing systems, cyber security vulnerabilities, limited protection of our intellectual property, our ability to enhance and develop new technology, our ability to develop new products and services, consolidation of industries we serve, our ability to successfully recover from a disaster or other business continuity problems, changes in our accounting estimates/assumptions, impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets, deferred tax assets, seasonality, our ability to successfully rationalize our cost structure and employment liability risk. For a detailed description of risks and uncertainties that could cause differences, please refer to Korn Ferry's periodic filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Korn Ferry disclaims any intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
adjusted net income attributable to Korn/Ferry International, adjusted to exclude restructuring charges, net, integration/acquisition costs, separation costs, write-off of debt issuance costs and Venezuelan foreign currency loss and to include the deferred revenue adjustment related to the Legacy Hay acquisition, net of income tax effect;
adjusted basic and diluted earnings per share, adjusted to exclude restructuring charges, net, integration/acquisition costs, separation costs, write-off of debt issuance costs and Venezuelan foreign currency loss and to include the deferred revenue adjustment related to the Legacy Hay acquisition, net of income tax effect; and in the case of the outlook section, also adjusted for tax rate impact;
Adjusted EBITDA, which is EBITDA further adjusted to exclude restructuring charges, net, integration/acquisition costs, separation costs and Venezuelan foreign currency loss and to include the deferred revenue adjustment related to the Legacy Hay acquisition and Adjusted EBITDA margin; and
Management believes the presentation of non-GAAP financial measures in this press release provides meaningful supplemental information regarding Korn Ferry's performance by excluding certain charges and other items that may not be indicative of Korn Ferry's ongoing operating results. These non-GAAP financial measures are performance measures and are not indicative of the liquidity of Korn Ferry. These charges represent 1) costs we incurred to acquire and integrate the Legacy Hay acquisition, 2) charges we incurred to restructure the combined company due to the acquisition of Legacy Hay, 3) separation costs, 4) debt issuance costs written-off upon replacement of our credit facility and 5) revenue that Hay Group would have realized if not for business combination accounting that requires a company to record the acquisition balance sheet at fair value and write-off deferred revenue where no future services are required to be performed to earn that revenue. As such, reported fee revenue can make fee revenue and operating results appear to fluctuate more than they would if business combination accounting did not require deferred revenue to be written off. Adjusted fee revenue is not a measure that substitutes an individually tailored revenue recognition or measurement method for those of GAAP, rather, it is an adjustment for a short period of time that will provide better comparability in the current and future periods. Management believes the presentation of adjusted fee revenue assists management in its evaluation of ongoing operations and provides useful information to investors because it allows investors to make more meaningful period-to-period comparisons of the Company's operating results, to better identify operating trends that may otherwise be distorted by write-offs required under business combination accounting and to perform related trend analysis, and provides a higher degree of transparency of information used by management in its evaluation of Korn Ferry's ongoing operations and financial and operational decision-making. Management no longer has adjusted fee revenue after Q1 FY'17. The use of non-GAAP financial measures facilitates comparisons to Korn Ferry's historical performance. Korn Ferry includes non-GAAP financial measures because management believes they are useful to investors in allowing for greater transparency with respect to supplemental information used by management in its evaluation of Korn Ferry's ongoing operations and financial and operational decision-making. Management further believes that EBITDA is useful to investors because it is frequently used by investors and other interested parties to measure operating performance among companies with different capital structures, effective tax rates and tax attributes and capitalized asset values, all of which can vary substantially from company to company. In the case of constant currency amounts, management believes the presentation of such information provides useful supplemental information regarding Korn Ferry's performance as excluding the impact of exchange rate changes on Korn Ferry's financial performance allows investors to make more meaningful period-to-period comparisons of the Company's operating results, to better identify operating trends that may otherwise be masked or distorted by exchange rate changes and to perform related trend analysis, and provides a higher degree of transparency of information used by management in its evaluation of Korn Ferry's ongoing operations and financial and operational decision-making.
Year Ended Ended
Interest (expense) income, net
Year Ended Ended April 30,
Receivables due from clients, net of allowance for doubtful accounts
of $15,455 and $11,292, respectively
Venezuelan foreign currency loss (6)
Increase in fee revenue relating to the deferred revenue recorded on the opening balance sheet of Hay Group, required by fair value accounting. The adjustment is included in the Hay Group segment. On a GAAP basis, Hay Group fee revenue was $185.1 million and $724.2 million during the three months and the year ended April 31, 2017 and $187.7 million and $471.1 million during the three months and year ended April 31, 2016, respectively. On an adjusted basis, Hay Group fee revenue was $185.1 million and $727.7 million during the three months and the year ended April 30, 2017 and $192.8 million and $482.1 million during the three months and year ended April 31, 2016, respectively.
Foreign currency loss associated with the devaluation of the Venezuelan currency.
Tax effect on deferred revenue adjustment associated with the acquisition of Legacy Hay, restructuring charges, net, integration/acquisition costs, separation costs, write-off of debt issuance costs and foreign currency loss associated with the devaluation of the Venezuelan currency.
RECONCILIATION OF NET INCOME AND OPERATING INCOME (LOSS) (GAAP) TO
Net loss attributable to Korn/Ferry International
Interest income, net


"Spring" into the new season With Animated child!
Animated Child camps are enriching, engaging and empowering!
S.T.E.A.M. based camps with a multiple intelligence curriculum means we take a "whole child" approach. Screen learning times are balanced out with daily outdoor activities and weekly "Nature Smarts" field trips. Our participants will enjoy group experiments and have the time and space to maintain a personal journal of their weeks' activities.
All camps are available for full day. Schedule includes daily field trips, literacy and S.T.E.A.M. hour, group and individual activities. A well-rounded curriculum helps children become adaptable, resourceful and multifaceted. Low numbers keep our campers safe, sane and smart!
Campers will learn the important fundamentals of project planning, roles of objects in an object-oriented game, character motion and programming actions, path generation and creative group collaboration. Our participants will have fun, collaborate, socialize, and best of all share their creations at home! Returning campers will delve deeper into each learning objective making more complex games.
A snack will be served during this camp.


VOLVO CERTIFIED in SACRAMENTO! One Owner California Car with All-Wheel Drive, Blind Spot Monitor w/Cross Traffic Alert, Navigation System, Exterior Parking Camera Rear, Rear Parking Sensors, Heated Front Seats & Steering Wheel, Leather Seating Surfaces, Rear Air Suspension, Panoramic Sunroof w/Power Sunshade, Pilot Assist: Semi-Autonomous Drive System w/Adaptive Cruise Control, Lane Keeping Aid, Keyless Entry & Keyless Drive, Front Dual Zone A/C, 19-inch 5-Triple Spoke Tech Matte Black Wheels. Volvo Certified Pre-Owned 5 Year/Unlimited Mile Warranty & Benefits included. 7 Day/700 Mile Satisfaction Guaranteed Return Policy. Easy Shipping Options Available. Niello Volvo of Sacramento at I-80 & Madison Ave.


text:
Niewybuch – każdy przedmiot zawierający materiał wybuchowy w stanie wolnym, który powinien zdetonować, jednak pomimo stworzenia warunków koniecznych do tego procesu nie doszło do wybuchu.

Podobnym pojęciem jest niewypał, który odnosi się jednak nie do ładunku wybuchowego, lecz do ładunku miotającego.

Szczegółowe definicje niewybuchu

Pojęcie niewybuchu odnosi się do środków zawierających materiał wybuchowy o charakterze kruszącym lub analogicznych, w których wybuch ma charakter detonacji. Oprócz środków bojowych (niszczących lub hukowych), mogą to być też cywilne, niszczące materiały wybuchowe (stosowane na przykład w kopalniach), oraz szereg innych środków pirotechnicznych, jak środki uruchamiające mechanizmy lub stosowane w celach widowiskowych. Za niewybuchy uznaje się czasami także przedmioty, które mogą detonować, mimo że pierwotnie nie były do tego przeznaczone. Niewybuchem jest na przykład poduszka powietrzna z rozbitego samochodu, która nie zadziałała i dlatego w każdej chwili może eksplodować.

Za niewybuchy nie uważa się środków właściwie składowanych, a jedynie te, które zostały użyte, ale nie zadziałały lub zadziałały wadliwie. Oprócz tego za niewybuchy uważa się również środki wybuchowe pozbawione właściwego nadzoru i kontroli, na przykład gdzieś wykryte, niewiadomego pochodzenia, uszkodzone, przeterminowane i tym podobne.

Czasami zdefiniowanie niewybuchów może być trudne, na przykład pole minowe podczas prowadzenia działań wojennych nie posiada jeszcze niewybuchów, natomiast to samo pole nierozminowane po ustaniu tych działań, czyli takie, które trzeba rozminować, określa się już jako zawierające niewybuchy. Ponadto niektóre środki mogą być jednocześnie niewybuchami i niewypałami – na przykład pocisk artyleryjski może być ze względu na ładunek miotający – niewypałem, a ze względu na ładunek kruszący – niewybuchem. Ponieważ jednak skutki wybuchu są groźniejsze niż wypału, to w takich sytuacjach mówi się ogólnie o niewybuchach. Jeśli jednak taki pocisk został wystrzelony, ale nie eksplodował, to pozostaje już tylko niewybuchem.

Przyczyny powstawania
Przyczyną powstania niewybuchu może być nieuruchomienie lub złe działanie detonatora, zmiany chemiczne w samym materiale wybuchowym i wiele innych czynników.

Sposób postępowania

Sposób obchodzenia się z niewybuchami oraz metody ich niszczenia regulują szczegółowo odpowiednie instrukcje dla saperów. Przede wszystkim zabroniony jest jakikolwiek kontakt osób postronnych z niewybuchami, gdyż środki tego typu zachowują zazwyczaj swoją aktywność przez bardzo długi czas. Za przykład może posłużyć eksplozja 250 kg bomby lotniczej zrzuconej w okresie II wojny światowej, do której doszło 23 czerwca 2019 r. w niemieckim Limburgu. Mimo, iż nie doszło do bezpośredniego wzruszenia niewybuchu, ulegający erozji zapalnik samoistnie zainicjował eksplozję po ponad 74 latach zalegania w ziemi.

Za usuwanie niewybuchów są odpowiedzialne patrole rozminowania.

Rozrzut odłamków

Zobacz też
 amunicja

Przypisy

Bibliografia

Amunicja

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Tag "F. W. Murnau"
F. W. Murnau
Alfred Hitchcock Presents Collectors' Guide
One of the longest running and most critically acclaimed TV series ever made Its enduring popularity has done much to define the Master's image in pop culture Murder most delicious:
1981–1987 Restorations Orlok's resurrection begins: finally brought back to life after lying dormant for decades Third time's the charm: after two earlier efforts, the film was returned to première length After
Surviving Prints and "Public Domain Version" Casting light on the shadows of Nosferatu's greatest myth: that only one print survived There are lots of archived extant early copies but they're all
Nosferatu: Chronicles from the Vaults, Volume III
Il Cinema Ritrovato 2011 catalogue notes Helmed by iconic director Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau, one of the key works of the entire silent era Both have inspired – then as now –
Nosferatu: Chronicles from the Vaults, Volume II
Keystone 1914 The Little Tramp makes his first foray into film and refines the art of motion picture comedy More than mere early sketches, Chaplin's earliest films offer much broad


I became a member of CNPS-San Diego Chapter over 28 years ago, for one reason alone–to drive my Nissan pickup truck to the annual Fall Plant Sale at Balboa Park and load it up with as many native plants as I could stuff into the bed, and then spend the next few weekends plugging up dead patches of ice plant which was the ONLY vegetation on the slopes in the front and rear yards of our first home purchased in 1992. Having been a CNPS member for only 1-2 years before my wife and I bought our home, I gained a swift appreciation for the many benefits of "native-scapes" and was eager to pull out all this dreaded stuff. "Hold your horses", my wife said, explaining she didn't want our yards becoming eyesores of bare dirt turning into unsightly mud pits come rainy season, also resulting in erosion and chocolate stormwater runoff. So, the plan became–fill in small patches of ice plant as it dies off–which I did for years until the final patch. Subsequently different approaches emerged with respect to my journey of "native plant conversion," eventually morphing into a combination of experimentation and learning how to water my plants through accrued patience borne from laziness.
Experimentation–CNPS Provides Better Tools to Minimize Costs. This is the part of the story where "experimentation" soon gave way to a forced practice of "patience." My wife constantly reminds me–with the amount of money lost in "gallons of mortality" over the many years I've bought plants from CNPS, species I had no business planting in the first place–we probably could have purchased another home by now! Problem was, even though I did my homework and knew what typically works and what doesn't, I'd end up buying plants that I wanted so badly to survive in my yard–but alas, wishful thinking! Now that there are so many more wonderful web resources these days, including Calscape, Calflora, Moosa Creek and Tree of Life nurseries, and so on, CNPS has done a wonderful job making such resources more reachable to us, providing additional guidance than ever before to help us with appropriate plant selections, as well as watering and maintenance advice.
How long or how much should I water my "natives," especially some of the most commonly-planted species?
How do soil types and microclimates dictate appropriate watering regimes where I live?
Are there helpful irrigation strategies for this challenging weather?
How do I know my plants are "established," cutting their ties to regular irrigation?
Can we really "plant for no irrigation"?
Laziness = Patience. One of the first problems I started to figure out early on was how terrible our soil was–basically little to no nutrient loading or mycorrhizal health due to years and years of being smothered by ice plant. So, I began looking into ideas on amending the soil, only to discover there were really no good options here because the root systems of native plants don't respond favorably to the nitrogen spikes from soil amendments, among other negative soil-flora interactions. Much of the mortality suffered by my native plantings I believe was due to the poor soil conditions. Choosing not to use soil amendments, I instead focused on using good quality organic mulch such as shredded redwood bark–due to its fibrous nature, this stuff could densify with minimal irrigation allowing the mulch to stick better onto my slopes and acting like a sponge to provide moisture evenly to the fine roots that grow close to the ground surface and further away from the crown. In addition, it was slow to decompose providing great erosion and stormwater runoff control.
Next, I turned to a novel solution–do what I do best–nothing–be lazy! What transpired, by no deliberate means of my own, was this: After establishing a decent patchwork of foundation plants, as Greg Rubin refers to them, consisting of a stratified array of hardy, robust and resilient groundcovers (e.g., Yankee Pt. Ceanothus, CA Fuchsia, Creeping Sage, Chamise-the groundcover variety) and sub-shrubs (e.g., CA Buckwheat, Cleveland Sage, White Sage, Catalina Snapdragon, Purple Nightshade, Western Redbud), I sat back and watched, as the shrub canopies eventually closed on one another tightening up the interstitial spaces between them, the leaf litter eventually formed a natural duff negating the need for any further mulching, and this duff layer is injecting beneficial nutrients back into the underling soils energizing the "mycorrhizal soup" which is critical for a healthy stratum. One of the joyful signs for me that this is actually happening is the proliferation of bright green mosses and lichens forming under the canopies.
Oh, and have I mentioned the influx of pollinators?
Mike, a Natural Resources Project Manager, will be a panelist at our upcoming Fall Workshop, "Create a Native Garden: Ready-Set-Go!" on Saturday, September 8.


text:
module Azure::StorageSync::Mgmt::V2019_02_01
  module Models
    #
    # Array of StorageSyncServices
    #
    class StorageSyncServiceArray

      include MsRestAzure

      # @return [Array<StorageSyncService>] Collection of StorageSyncServices.
      attr_accessor :value

      #
      # Mapper for StorageSyncServiceArray class as Ruby Hash.
      # This will be used for serialization/deserialization.
      #
      def self.mapper()
        {
          client_side_validation: true,
          required: false,
          serialized_name: 'StorageSyncServiceArray',
          type: {
            name: 'Composite',
            class_name: 'StorageSyncServiceArray',
            model_properties: {
              value: {
                client_side_validation: true,
                required: false,
                serialized_name: 'value',
                type: {
                  name: 'Sequence',
                  element: {
                      client_side_validation: true,
                      required: false,
                      serialized_name: 'StorageSyncServiceElementType',
                      type: {
                        name: 'Composite',
                        class_name: 'StorageSyncService'
                      }
                  }
                }
              }
            }
          }
        }
      end
    end
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Francisco Antonio del Corazón de Jesús Vélez de las Cuevas y Gallardo (Xalapa-Enríquez, Veracruz, 22 de julio de 1830-Ciudad de México, 25 de febrero de 1919) fue un militar y político mexicano.

Biografía
Nació en Xalapa, Veracruz, el 22 de julio de 1830. Fue hijo de Pedro Pablo María Vélez de Las Cuevas y Laurencio; comerciante, militar y administrador general de Correos, y Joaquina Gallardo Mendoza. Ingresó al Colegio Militar de Chapultepec y en 1846 a la Guardia Nacional de Orizaba, con el cargo subteniente.  Participó en la defensa del Puerto de Veracruz durante la invasión estadounidense de 1847.

Referencias

Bibliografía

Nacidos en Xalapa-Enríquez
Alumnado del Heroico Colegio Militar
Militares de México
Mexicanos del siglo XIX
Políticos de Veracruz
Gobernadores de Querétaro
Gobernadores de Guanajuato
Gobernadores de San Luis Potosí
Gobernantes de Ciudad de México
Fallecidos en Ciudad de México


text:
Minimal-Access Surgery for Staging of Malignant Melanoma
David N. Krag, Sybren J. Meijer, Donald L. Weaver, Brian W. Loggie, Seth P. Harlow, Kenneth K. Tanabe, Edward H. Laughlin, James C. Alex
To develop a simple, minimally invasive technique of determining whether regional node metastasis has occurred in patients with melanoma. Teaching hospital tertiary care and private practice settings. Between February 1993 and October 1994, 121 patients with invasive malignant melanoma and clinically negative lymph nodes were enrolled in this clinical trial. Consecutive sample clinical trial. Within 24 hours prior to lymph node resection, a radioactive tracer was injected into the dermis around the site of the primary melanoma. Forty-four patients also had blue dye injected immediately prior to surgical resection. Measurement of radioactivity in the lymph nodes and surgical localization were made using a handheld gamma detector. Radiolabeled nodes were selectively removed with the least dissection possible. In patients with pathologically positive radiolabeled nodes, regional lymphadenectomy was performed. Successful identification of radiolabeled sentinel lymph nodes, correlation of radiolabeling with injection of blue dye, and regional node recurrence rate. Surgeons successfully resected the radiolabeled sentinel lymph nodes in 118 (98%) of 121 patients. One hundred percent of blue-stained lymph nodes were successfully radiolabeled. Fifteen patients had pathologically positive sentinel lymph nodes. In 10 patients, the sentinel node was the only node with metastasis. Two systemic and one regional node recurrences occurred during a mean follow-up of 220 days. Selective gamma probe—guided resection of the radiolabeled sentinel lymph node is possible in over 95% of patients with melanoma. This technique offers a simple and reliable method of staging of regional lymph nodes in these patients without performing a regional lymphadenectomy.
https://doi.org/10.1001/archsurg.1995.01430060092018
10.1001/archsurg.1995.01430060092018
Dive into the research topics of 'Minimal-Access Surgery for Staging of Malignant Melanoma'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Melanoma Medicine & Life Sciences 100%
Sentinel Lymph Node Medicine & Life Sciences 65%
Lymph Nodes Medicine & Life Sciences 47%
Lymph Node Excision Medicine & Life Sciences 26%
Radioactive Tracers Medicine & Life Sciences 20%
Krag, D. N., Meijer, S. J., Weaver, D. L., Loggie, B. W., Harlow, S. P., Tanabe, K. K., Laughlin, E. H., & Alex, J. C. (1995). Minimal-Access Surgery for Staging of Malignant Melanoma. Archives of Surgery, 130(6), 654-658. https://doi.org/10.1001/archsurg.1995.01430060092018
Minimal-Access Surgery for Staging of Malignant Melanoma. / Krag, David N.; Meijer, Sybren J.; Weaver, Donald L. et al.
In: Archives of Surgery, Vol. 130, No. 6, 06.1995, p. 654-658.
Krag, DN, Meijer, SJ, Weaver, DL, Loggie, BW, Harlow, SP, Tanabe, KK, Laughlin, EH & Alex, JC 1995, 'Minimal-Access Surgery for Staging of Malignant Melanoma', Archives of Surgery, vol. 130, no. 6, pp. 654-658. https://doi.org/10.1001/archsurg.1995.01430060092018
Krag DN, Meijer SJ, Weaver DL, Loggie BW, Harlow SP, Tanabe KK et al. Minimal-Access Surgery for Staging of Malignant Melanoma. Archives of Surgery. 1995 Jun;130(6):654-658. doi: 10.1001/archsurg.1995.01430060092018
Krag, David N. ; Meijer, Sybren J. ; Weaver, Donald L. et al. / Minimal-Access Surgery for Staging of Malignant Melanoma. In: Archives of Surgery. 1995 ; Vol. 130, No. 6. pp. 654-658.
@article{ef8999767832476387498f177de375d6,
title = "Minimal-Access Surgery for Staging of Malignant Melanoma",
abstract = "To develop a simple, minimally invasive technique of determining whether regional node metastasis has occurred in patients with melanoma. Teaching hospital tertiary care and private practice settings. Between February 1993 and October 1994, 121 patients with invasive malignant melanoma and clinically negative lymph nodes were enrolled in this clinical trial. Consecutive sample clinical trial. Within 24 hours prior to lymph node resection, a radioactive tracer was injected into the dermis around the site of the primary melanoma. Forty-four patients also had blue dye injected immediately prior to surgical resection. Measurement of radioactivity in the lymph nodes and surgical localization were made using a handheld gamma detector. Radiolabeled nodes were selectively removed with the least dissection possible. In patients with pathologically positive radiolabeled nodes, regional lymphadenectomy was performed. Successful identification of radiolabeled sentinel lymph nodes, correlation of radiolabeling with injection of blue dye, and regional node recurrence rate. Surgeons successfully resected the radiolabeled sentinel lymph nodes in 118 (98%) of 121 patients. One hundred percent of blue-stained lymph nodes were successfully radiolabeled. Fifteen patients had pathologically positive sentinel lymph nodes. In 10 patients, the sentinel node was the only node with metastasis. Two systemic and one regional node recurrences occurred during a mean follow-up of 220 days. Selective gamma probe—guided resection of the radiolabeled sentinel lymph node is possible in over 95% of patients with melanoma. This technique offers a simple and reliable method of staging of regional lymph nodes in these patients without performing a regional lymphadenectomy.",
author = "Krag, {David N.} and Meijer, {Sybren J.} and Weaver, {Donald L.} and Loggie, {Brian W.} and Harlow, {Seth P.} and Tanabe, {Kenneth K.} and Laughlin, {Edward H.} and Alex, {James C.}",
doi = "10.1001/archsurg.1995.01430060092018",
journal = "JAMA Surgery",
T1 - Minimal-Access Surgery for Staging of Malignant Melanoma
AU - Krag, David N.
AU - Meijer, Sybren J.
AU - Weaver, Donald L.
AU - Loggie, Brian W.
AU - Harlow, Seth P.
AU - Tanabe, Kenneth K.
AU - Laughlin, Edward H.
AU - Alex, James C.
N2 - To develop a simple, minimally invasive technique of determining whether regional node metastasis has occurred in patients with melanoma. Teaching hospital tertiary care and private practice settings. Between February 1993 and October 1994, 121 patients with invasive malignant melanoma and clinically negative lymph nodes were enrolled in this clinical trial. Consecutive sample clinical trial. Within 24 hours prior to lymph node resection, a radioactive tracer was injected into the dermis around the site of the primary melanoma. Forty-four patients also had blue dye injected immediately prior to surgical resection. Measurement of radioactivity in the lymph nodes and surgical localization were made using a handheld gamma detector. Radiolabeled nodes were selectively removed with the least dissection possible. In patients with pathologically positive radiolabeled nodes, regional lymphadenectomy was performed. Successful identification of radiolabeled sentinel lymph nodes, correlation of radiolabeling with injection of blue dye, and regional node recurrence rate. Surgeons successfully resected the radiolabeled sentinel lymph nodes in 118 (98%) of 121 patients. One hundred percent of blue-stained lymph nodes were successfully radiolabeled. Fifteen patients had pathologically positive sentinel lymph nodes. In 10 patients, the sentinel node was the only node with metastasis. Two systemic and one regional node recurrences occurred during a mean follow-up of 220 days. Selective gamma probe—guided resection of the radiolabeled sentinel lymph node is possible in over 95% of patients with melanoma. This technique offers a simple and reliable method of staging of regional lymph nodes in these patients without performing a regional lymphadenectomy.
AB - To develop a simple, minimally invasive technique of determining whether regional node metastasis has occurred in patients with melanoma. Teaching hospital tertiary care and private practice settings. Between February 1993 and October 1994, 121 patients with invasive malignant melanoma and clinically negative lymph nodes were enrolled in this clinical trial. Consecutive sample clinical trial. Within 24 hours prior to lymph node resection, a radioactive tracer was injected into the dermis around the site of the primary melanoma. Forty-four patients also had blue dye injected immediately prior to surgical resection. Measurement of radioactivity in the lymph nodes and surgical localization were made using a handheld gamma detector. Radiolabeled nodes were selectively removed with the least dissection possible. In patients with pathologically positive radiolabeled nodes, regional lymphadenectomy was performed. Successful identification of radiolabeled sentinel lymph nodes, correlation of radiolabeling with injection of blue dye, and regional node recurrence rate. Surgeons successfully resected the radiolabeled sentinel lymph nodes in 118 (98%) of 121 patients. One hundred percent of blue-stained lymph nodes were successfully radiolabeled. Fifteen patients had pathologically positive sentinel lymph nodes. In 10 patients, the sentinel node was the only node with metastasis. Two systemic and one regional node recurrences occurred during a mean follow-up of 220 days. Selective gamma probe—guided resection of the radiolabeled sentinel lymph node is possible in over 95% of patients with melanoma. This technique offers a simple and reliable method of staging of regional lymph nodes in these patients without performing a regional lymphadenectomy.
U2 - 10.1001/archsurg.1995.01430060092018
DO - 10.1001/archsurg.1995.01430060092018
JO - JAMA Surgery
JF - JAMA Surgery


Usually I only decorate our mantle for Christmas, but I saw this pin and was inspired to do some crafting!
I got all my materials at JoAnn's- each letter was on sale for $1.99 and I got a big skein of yarn for about $2. Pretty good if you ask me! It took me a couple days to complete, but here's what the finished product looks like!
I decided to do white with pops of hot pink, since I already had the candles and the white Sentsy Owl. (don't judge, yes that's still my Christmas wreath- I'm calling it my winter wreath so it's okay that it's still up...right?) The little vases I found in the dollar section of Target. Cartwheel had 20% off everything in that section, so each vase came out to $0.80! The flowers I put in it were ones we used at our wedding; the frame was something we used at the wedding too- it was originally for cards, but I wrote Love in it instead. Reuse! I also took some ribbon I had and some white paper and made the little chain on the front of the fireplace.
How do you like to decorate your home for the different holidays?
What a really cool idea! I don't have any decorations up for Valentine's Day, and don't worry about the wreath! I totally still have our Christmas wreath hanging outside the front door ahahaha I should probably take it down tomorrow!
I spot an owl! Do you like owl things too?
Haha I actually got the sentsy owl for a Christmas gift last year, but I have gotten a couple other owl things for my house- they are super cute!


The Broken Boxes catalog debuts at a special release party.
Broken Boxes features the art and ideas of over 40 visual artists, filmmakers, sound artists, activists, performance artists and community organizers from around the world who are effecting change through their work. The show is co-curated by Ginger Dunnill and Cannupa Hanska Luger, and all invited artists have participated in an interview on Dunnill's Broken Boxes Podcast over the past 2 years. Now the project is taking another turn, as Dunnill works with form & concept to turn Broken Boxes into a catalog featuring artwork, installation views and writings from the show. The book will debut at a release party on Friday, September 29 from 5-7 pm.


text:
Buy The Books
Comin' Right at Ya
Ryan Adams: Losering
American Music Series
Ryan Adams Reference Library
Losering Books
David Menconi's book blog
Posts Tagged With: U2
Ryan's Grammy report
Posted on February 8, 2015 by dmenconi
When it comes to Grammy Awards, our man Ryan Adams has a mixed track record. He's quite adept at scoring nominations, including this year; but for all that, he has yet to actually win one of the darned things. And it looks like he'll have to wait another year for his breakthrough, because he's coming up empty so far at this year's awards. Most of the Grammys were presented at the pre-telecast "Premiere Ceremony," from which Ryan emerged 0 for 2 — losing rock performance to Jack White (which I expected), and rock song to Paramore (I expected him to lose, but not to them).
He's got one more shot, at rock album. But given the competition — Beck, Black Keys, Tom Petty, U2 — he's the longest of longshots there, too. Meantime, I'm live-blogging the festivities here, so do drop in. Ryan, it seems, is not the only North Carolina native striking out tonight.
UPDATE: Well, Ryan also didn't win rock album, which went to Beck's Morning Phase, leaving him 0-for-7 lifetime at the Grammys. The rest of North Carolina fared no better, going 0-for-14 on the night; even Eric Church didn't take any of his four nominations in the country categories.
ADDENDUM (2/10/2015): This probably made Ryan really glad he's not more famous than he already is.
Categories: Uncategorized | Tags: Beck, Black Keys, Eric Church, Grammy Awards, Jack White, Paramore, Tom Petty, U2 | 5 Comments
Ryan Adams picks up more Grammy glory
Posted on December 5, 2014 by dmenconi
Grammy Award nominations are being announced today, rolled out a few at a time on Twitter this morning before the full list is posted at 2 p.m. Eastern Time — and our man Ryan Adams is already up for two. Ryan Adams has been nominated for Best Rock album, while "Gimme Something Good" has been nominated for Best Rock Song.
This marks Ryan's first multi-nomination year since 2002, when he picked up two nods for 2001's Gold (Rock Album and Male Rock Vocal) and a third for his contribution to that year's Hank Williams tribute album Timeless, "Lovesick Blues" (Male Country Vocal). He was also nominated for his 2003 cover of Oasis' "Wonderwall" in the category of Solo Rock Vocal Performance; and producer Glyn Johns also picked up a nomination for Ryan's 2011 Ashes & Fire album, as Best Engineered Non-Classical Album.
But for all that, Ryan has yet to win a Grammy and I'd say he's not likely to win this go-round, either, given who he's up against: Black Keys, Jack White, Beck and Paramore for song; and U2, Tom Petty, Black Keys and Beck for album. Black Keys look like early odds-on favorites in both categories.
Ryan Adams might well pick up another nod or two, so I'll update as events warrant. The Grammys will be presented on Feb. 8.
UPDATE (2 p.m.): The complete nominations list is out and "Gimme Something Good" is also up for Best Rock Performance; which brings him to three for this year. But given that he's up against a lot of the same acts — Beck, Black Keys and Jack White again, as well as Arctic Monkeys — I'm afraid he's just as much of a longshot to win this one, too. Based on what he just posted, Ryan seems to agree:
Categories: Uncategorized | Tags: Arctic Monkeys, Ashes & Fire, Beck, Black Keys, Glyn Johns, Gold, Grammy Awards, Jack White, Losering, Lovesick Blues, Paramore, Ryan Adams, Tom Petty, Twitter, U2, Whiskeytown, Wonderwall | 2 Comments
Ryan Adams by the numbers: Money, money, money in the bank
Posted on April 26, 2013 by dmenconi
Ryan Adams has had a very fine career by the numbers as well as by the music, which is something that entered into the "Losering" story. While I was working on the book, I called upon a friend who worked at a music-business establishment with a subscription to Nielsen Soundscan, the service that tracks music sales in the U.S. He provided album-sales figures for Ryan's catalog, both solo and with Whiskeytown, which was very useful data to have. While it would be unwise to put all the precise to-the-last-digit numbers for every album here (Soundscan is a subscription service, after all), Ryan's sales figures through January 2012 can be summarized thusly:
Whiskeytown — 424,103 total sales. In terms of individual titles, the range was from just over 150,000 copies of the original 1997 version of Strangers Almanac down to just under 3,000 copies of the original 1996 independent-label version of Faithless Street. Whiskeytown's 2001 swan song Pneumonia and the 1998 Outpost Records reissue of Faithless Street were both at over 100,000 copies.
Ryan Adams solo — 2,362,984 total sales, topped by 2001's Gold at about 425,000 (a figure you'll notice is greater than the entire Whiskeytown catalog combined) and followed by 2000's Heartbreaker at about 309,000 and 2007's Easy Tiger at just over 250,000. Of the rest, only 2003's Rock N Roll was at more than 200,000 — although 2005's Cold Roses was close. And bringing up the rear: 2005's 29 at about 96,000, and 2010's III/IV at just under 49,000.
Add it up, and it comes to almost 2.8 million in total U.S. album sales (which is probably at least in the neighborhood of 3 million by now, since that was 16 months ago). Nothing to rival U2, but a very healthy sum nevertheless. And while Whiskeytown didn't make Ryan rich, his ensuing solo career certainly has. How rich? Well, according to the mavens at CelebrityNetWorth.com, Ryan's estimated net worth is $24 million — a sum that obviously includes revenue from more than just domestic record sales, such as touring, Tim McGraw's country-hit cover of "When The Stars Go Blue" and all the weird places "Come Pick Me Up" has appeared over the years.
(UPDATE, 3/9/16: Probably as a result of Ryan's divorce from Mandy Moore, CelebrityNetWorth.com has halved its estimate of his net worth — from $24 million down to $12 million.)
I should note that I'm not sure how trustworthy that $24 million figure is. Not that I know anything about net worth of the rich and famous; but if I'd been asked to estimate Ryan's fortune before seeing this, I probably would have guessed somewhere closer to the $9 million that Wilco's Jeff Tweedy is said to be worth. And yet it's just as possible that $24 million is a conservative estimate because CelebrityNetWorth.com's summary of Ryan's career is woefully out-of-date (not to mention sloppy). Here it is verbatim:
Ryan Adams is a North Carolina-born singer-songwriter, musician, and author with an estimated net worth of $24 million dollars. Originally recognized for his work with the alt-rock group, Whiskeytown, Ryan Adams left to pursue a solo career, and has since released five solo studio albums. He also performed with The Cardinals until 2009, when he decided to take a break from music. He is most widely recognized for his song, "New York, New York".
(Note: This entry has since been updated, but the revised version at that link remains just as clue-impaired.)
Actually, "five solo studio albums" is less than half of what Ryan has released since Whiskeytown disbanded; he's put out two albums (one a two-disc set) and appeared in a movie since that "break from music" ended; even though "New York, New York" got played on TV at Thursday night's NFL draft (cha-ching!), I'd still say that "Come Pick Me Up," "When the Stars Go Blue" and possibly even "Lucky Now" are all better-known by now; and while I'm at it, as descriptions go, "alt-rock group" is a pretty crappy one for Whiskeytown. At any rate, between Ryan's bottom line and the $23 million that his singer-actress wife Mandy Moore is worth, it seems safe to say he's not sweating next month's electric bill.
So how does Ryan's estimated net worth stack up with what other celebrities are worth, you ask? Well, it's a fraction of the fortunes of old-school superstars who have been at it for 30 years or more, including Paul McCartney ($800 million), Madonna ($650 million), Dolly Parton ($450 million), Mick Jagger ($305 million), Bruce Springsteen ($200 million) and Robert Plant ($120 million).
But Ryan isn't too far behind contemporaries like Jack White and Drake, who are both at $30 million. I was actually surprised that Adele didn't come in higher than $45 million. The next level up is Justin Timberlake at $100 million and Usher at $110 million. Higher still is Foo Fighters main man Dave Grohl (managed, like Ryan, by John Silva) with $225 million, much of which originated from his early-1990s time in Nirvana; and hip-hop icon Jay-Z is in a class by himself with $500 million. Throw in his wife Beyonce's $300 million, and that's a household with some serious financial juice.
Returning to Ryan's relatively modest end of the spectrum, I was a bit surprised at some of the artists he's well ahead of, including Patti Smith ($15 million), Strokes frontman Julian Casablancas ($10 million) and "Call Me Maybe" hitmaker Carly Rae Jepsen (and if you're wondering what that level of one-hit-wonder omnipresence is worth, $1 million is apparently the answer).
Narrow the field down to musicians from North Carolina, and about the only one ahead of Ryan is Ben Folds at $35 million (if you don't count Massachusetts-born James Taylor, $60 million). Another interesting detail is just how far Ryan is ahead of all of North Carolina's "American Idol" stars, a delegation led by Chris Daughtry at $8.5 million. Clay Aiken is next at $4 million, while Scotty McCreery, Kellie Pickler and Fantasia all come in at $1.5 million or less.
I think the lesson to be learned there is that "American Idol" is more likely to convey fame than fortune. But I still wouldn't mind trying to scrape by on the bank account of anybody on this list.
ADDENDUM (2/5/15): Here's more detail from a website called CelebrityGlory.com, although I wouldn't put much stock in any of their figures. To cite just one questionable example, I'm not sure what they were smoking to have concluded that Ryan's "1984" limited-edition seven-inch generated the suspiciously robust sum of $349,650.
SECOND ADDENDUM (12/9/15): According to divorce papers filed by Mandy Moore, Ryan earns $151,000 a month — which comes to more than $1.8 million a year, while she claims to be scraping by on "less than a quarter of that" (and is therefore asking for $37,000 a month in spousal support). Anyway, maybe he is worth $24 million…
Categories: Uncategorized | Tags: 29, Adele, American Idol, Ben Folds, Beyonce, Bruce Springsteen, Call Me Maybe, Carly Rae Jepsen, CelebrityNetWorth.com, Chris Daughtry, Clay Aiken, Cold Roses, Come Pick Me Up, Dave Grohl, Dolly Parton, Drake, Easy Tiger, Faithless Street, Fantasia, Foo Fighters, Gold, Heartbreaker, III/IV, Jack White, James Taylor, Jay-Z, Jeff Tweedy, John Silva, Julian Casablancas, Kellie Pickler, Losering, Lucky Now, Madonna, Mandy Moore, Mick Jagger, Mood Food Records, Nielsen Soundscan, Nirvana, Outpost Records, Patti Smith, Paul McCartney, Pneumonia, Robert Plant, Rock N Roll, Ryan Adams, Scotty McCreery, Strangers Almanac, Strokes, This Is 40, U2, When the Stars Go Blue, Whiskeytown, Wilco | 8 Comments


text:
//  SDLTPMS.h
//

#import "SDLEnum.h"

/**
 An enum representing values of the tire pressure monitoring system
 */
typedef SDLEnum SDLTPMS NS_TYPED_ENUM;

/**
 If set the status of the tire is not known.
 */
extern SDLTPMS const SDLTPMSUnknown;

/**
 TPMS does not function.
 */
extern SDLTPMS const SDLTPMSSystemFault;

/**
 The sensor of the tire does not function.
 */
extern SDLTPMS const SDLTPMSSensorFault;

/**
 TPMS is reporting a low tire pressure for the tire.
 */
extern SDLTPMS const SDLTPMSLow;

/**
 TPMS is active and the tire pressure is monitored.
 */
extern SDLTPMS const SDLTPMSSystemActive;

/**
 TPMS is reporting that the tire must be trained.
 */
extern SDLTPMS const SDLTPMSTrain;

/**
 TPMS reports the training for the tire is completed.
 */
extern SDLTPMS const SDLTPMSTrainingComplete;

/**
 TPMS reports the tire is not trained.
 */
extern SDLTPMS const SDLTPMSNotTrained;


text:
In the Rhine Campaign of 1796 (June 1796 to February 1797), two First Coalition armies under the overall command of Archduke Charles outmaneuvered and defeated two Republican French armies. This was the last campaign of the War of the First Coalition, part of the French Revolutionary Wars.

The French military strategy against Austria rested on a three-pronged invasion to surround Vienna, ideally capturing the city and forcing the Holy Roman Emperor into a surrender and acceptance of French Revolutionary ideals. Toward this end, the French assembled three armies: Army of Sambre-et-Meuse commanded by Jean-Baptiste Jourdan faced the Austrian Army of the Lower Rhine in the north; the Army of Rhin-et-Moselle, led by Jean Victor Marie Moreau, confronted the Austrian Army of the Upper Rhine in the south; the Army of Italy approached Vienna through northern Italy.

Initially successes of the Army of Italy forced the Coalition commander, Archduke Charles, to transfer 25,000 men commanded by Dagobert Sigmund von Wurmser to northern Italy. This weakened the Coalition force along the  of the Rhine from Basel to the North Sea. A feint by Jourdan's Army of Sambre-et-Meuse convinced Charles to shift troops to the north, allowing Moreau to cross of the Rhine at Kehl on 24 June and beat the Archduke's Imperial contingents. Both French armies penetrated deeply into eastern and southern Germany by late July, forcing the southern states of the Holy Roman Empire into punitive armistices.  By August, though, the French armies had extended their fronts too thinly and the competition and jealousies between and among the French generals complicated cooperation between the two armies. Because the two French armies operated independently, Archduke Charles was able to leave Maximilian Anton Karl, Count Baillet de Latour with a weaker army in front of Moreau on the southernmost flank, and move heavy reinforcements to help Wilhelm von Wartensleben's army in the north.

In battles at Amberg on 24 August and Würzburg on 3 September Charles defeated Jourdan and compelled the French army to retreat, eventually to the west bank of the Rhine. With Jourdan neutralized and retreating into France, Charles left Franz von Werneck to watch the Army of Sambre-et-Meuse, making sure it did not try to recover a foothold on the east bank of the Rhine, and turned on Moreau, who belatedly began to withdraw from southern Germany. Although Moreau briskly repulsed Latour at Biberach, he did not make it through the Black Forest before Charles was able to cut French access to the Bruchsal and Kehl crossings. In the battles of Emmendingen and Schliengen in October, Charles forced Moreau to retreat to the west bank of the Rhine. During the winter the Austrians reduced the French bridgeheads at Kehl and Huningue (Hüningen). Despite Charles' success in Germany, Austria was losing the war in Italy to a new French army commander, Napoleon Bonaparte.

Background

Initially, the rulers of Europe viewed the French Revolution as a dispute between the French king and his subjects, and not something in which they should interfere. As revolutionary rhetoric grew more strident, they declared the interest of the monarchs of Europe as one with the interests of Louis XVI and his family; this Declaration of Pillnitz (27 August 1791) threatened ambiguous, but quite serious, consequences if anything should happen to the royal family. The position of the revolutionaries became increasingly difficult. Compounding their problems in international relations, French émigrés continued to agitate for support of a counter-revolution. Finally, on 20 April 1792, the French National Convention declared war on Austria. In this War of the First Coalition (1792–98), France ranged itself against most of the European states sharing land or water borders with her, plus Portugal and the Ottoman Empire.  Despite some victories in 1792, by early 1793, France was in terrible crisis:  French forces had been  pushed out of Belgium; also there was revolt in the Vendée over conscription; widespread resentment of the Civil Constitution of the Clergy; and the French king had just been executed. The armies of the French Republic were in a state of disruption; the problems became even more acute following the introduction of mass conscription, the levée en masse, which saturated an already distressed army with thousands of illiterate, untrained men. For the French, the Rhine Campaign of 1795 proved especially disastrous, although they had achieved some success in other theaters of war (see for example, War of the Pyrenees (1793–95)).

The armies of the First Coalition included the imperial contingents and the infantry and cavalry of the various states, amounting to about 125,000 (including three autonomous corps), a sizable force by eighteenth century standards but a moderate force by the standards of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars. In total, the commander-in-chief Archduke Charles' troops stretched from Switzerland to the North Sea and Dagobert Sigmund von Wurmser's, from the Swiss-Italian border to the Adriatic. Habsburg troops comprised the bulk of the army, but the thin white line of Habsburg infantry could not cover the territory from Basel to Frankfurt with sufficient depth to resist the pressure of their opponents. Compared to French coverage, Charles had half the number of troops covering a  front that stretched from Renchen near Basel to Bingen. Furthermore, he had concentrated the bulk of his force, commanded by Count Baillet Latour, between Karlsruhe and Darmstadt, where the confluence of the Rhine and the Main made an attack most likely; the rivers offered a gateway into eastern German states and ultimately to Vienna, with good bridges crossing a relatively well-defined river bank. To his north, Wilhelm von Wartensleben's autonomous corps covered the line between Mainz and Giessen. The Austrian army consisted of professionals, many moved from the border regions in the Balkans, and conscripts drafted from the Imperial Circles.

Two French generals, Jean-Baptiste Jourdan and Jean Victor Moreau, commanded (respectively) the Army of Sambre-et-Meuse and the Army of Rhin-et-Moselle at the outset of the 1796 campaign. The French citizens' army was created by mass conscription of young men and systematically divested of old men who might have tempered the rash impulses of teenagers and young adults. It had already made itself odious, by rumor and action, throughout France. Furthermore, it was an army entirely dependent upon the countryside for its material support. After April 1796, pay was made in metallic value, but pay was still in arrears.  Throughout the spring and early summer, the unpaid French army was in almost constant mutiny: in May 1796, in the border town of Zweibrücken, the 74th Demi-brigade revolted. In June, the 17th Demi-brigade was insubordinate (frequently) and in the 84th Demi-brigade, two companies rebelled.  The French commanders understood that an assault into the German states was essential, not only in terms of war aims, but also in practical terms:  furthermore, the French Directory believed that war should pay for itself, and did not budget for the payment or feeding of its troops.

Terrain

Geography

The Rhine river begins in the Canton of Graubünden (also called the Grisons), near Lake Toma and flows along the alpine region bordered by Liechtenstein, northward into Lake Constance where it traverses the lake in three "ditches": Oberseerhein, Seerhein, and  Unterseerhein, . From there, it leaves the lake at Reichenau and flows westerly along the border between the German states and the Swiss Cantons. The  stretch between Rheinfall, by Schaffhausen and Basel, called the High Rhine, cuts through steep hillsides and flows over a gravel bed; in such places as the former rapids at Laufenburg, it moved in torrents.
At Basel, the terrain flattens. There the Rhine makes a wide, northerly turn, in what is called the Rhine knee, and enters the what the locals call the Rhine ditch (Rheingraben), part of a rift valley bordered by the Black Forest on the east and Vosges mountains on the west. Called the Upper Rhine (distinguished from the High Rhine), the river flows south to north.  In 1796, the plain on both sides of the river, some  wide, was dotted with villages and farms. At both far edges of the flood plain, especially on the eastern side, the old mountains created dark shadows on the horizon. Tributaries cut through the hilly terrain of the Black Forest, creating deep defiles in the mountains. The tributaries then wound in rivulets through the flood plain to the river.

The Rhine River itself looked different in the 1790s than it does in the twenty-first century; the passage from Basel to Iffezheim was "corrected" (straightened) between 1817 and 1875 to make year-round transport easier. Between 1927 and 1975, the construction of a canal allowed the control of the water level. In the 1790s, though, the river was wild and unpredictable, in some places four or more times wider than the twenty-first century incarnation of the river, even under regular conditions. Its channels wound through marsh and meadow, and created islands of trees and vegetation that were periodically submerged by floods. It was crossable at Kehl, by Strasbourg, and Hüningen, by Basel, where systems of viaducts and causeways made access reliable.

Political terrain

The German-speaking states on the east bank of the Rhine were part of the vast complex of territories in central Europe called the Holy Roman Empire. The considerable number of territories in the Empire included more than 1,000 entities.  Their size and influence varied, from the Kleinstaaterei,  the little states that covered no more than a few square miles, or included several non-contiguous pieces, to the small and complex territories of the princely Hohenlohe family branches, to such sizable, well-defined territories as the Kingdoms of Bavaria and Prussia.  The governance of these many states varied: they included the autonomous free imperial cities, also of different sizes and influence, from the powerful Augsburg to the minuscule Weil der Stadt; ecclesiastical territories, also of varying sizes and influence, such as the wealthy Abbey of Reichenau and the powerful Archbishopric of Cologne; and dynastic states such as Württemberg. When viewed on a map, the Empire resembled a "patchwork carpet". Both the Habsburg domains and Hohenzollern Prussia also included territories outside the Empire. There were also territories completely surrounded by France that belonged to Württemberg, the Archbishopric of Trier, and Hesse-Darmstadt. Among the German-speaking states, the Holy Roman Empire's administrative and legal mechanisms provided a venue to resolve disputes between peasants and landlords, between jurisdictions, and within jurisdictions. Through the organization of Imperial Circles, also called Reichskreise, groups of states consolidated resources and promoted regional and organizational interests, including economic cooperation and military protection.  Many of these territories were not contiguous: a village could belong predominantly to one polity, but have a farmstead, a house, or even one or two strips of land that belonged to another polity.

French strategy
At the end of the Rhine Campaign of 1795 the two sides had called a truce. However, war plans did not cease. In a decree on 6 January 1796, Lazare Carnot gave Germany priority over Italy as a theater of war. Jean-Baptiste Jourdan commanding the Army of Sambre-et-Meuse was instructed to besiege Mainz and cross the Rhine into Franconia. Farther south, Jean Victor Marie Moreau was to lead the Army of Rhin-et-Moselle across the Rhine, besiege or take Mannheim, and invade Duchy of Baden,  Swabia, and the Duchy of Bavaria.  Ultimate, Moreau was to converge on Vienna while Jourdan would veer south to provide a rear guard. On the secondary front, Napoleon Bonaparte was to invade Italy, neutralize the Kingdom of Sardinia and seize Lombardy from the Austrians. Hopefully, the Italian army would cross the Alps via the County of Tyrol and join the other French armies in crushing the Austrian forces in southern Germany. By the spring of 1796, Jourdan and Moreau each had 70,000 men while Bonaparte's army numbered 63,000, including reserves and garrisons. Additionally, François Christophe de Kellermann counted 20,000 troops in the Army of the Alps and there was an even smaller army in southern France. The French First Republic's finances were in poor shape so its armies were expected to invade new territories and then live off the conquered lands.

Coalition and French forces
Knowing that the French planned to invade southern Germany, on 20 May 1796 the Austrians announced that the truce would end on 31 May, and prepared for invasion. The Army of the Lower Rhine was commanded by the 25-year-old Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen and counted 90,000 troops. The 20,000-man right wing under Duke Ferdinand Frederick Augustus of Württemberg was on the east bank of the Rhine behind the river Sieg observing the French bridgehead at Düsseldorf. The garrisons of Mainz Fortress and Ehrenbreitstein Fortress counted 10,000 more. The remainder of Charles' army patrolled the west bank and behind the river Nahe. Dagobert Sigmund von Wurmser led the 80,000-strong Army of the Upper Rhine. Its right wing occupied Kaiserslautern on the west bank while the left wing under Anton Sztáray, Michael von Fröhlich and Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé guarded the Rhine from Mannheim to Switzerland. The original Austrian strategy was to capture Trier and to use this position on the west bank to strike at each of the French armies in turn. However, Wurmser was sent to Italy with 25,000 reinforcements after news arrived of Bonaparte's early successes. In the new situation, the Aulic Council gave Archduke Charles command over both Austrian armies and the Imperial contingents of the Holy Roman Empire, and ordered him to hold his ground.  Imperial contingents were usually raw recruits drafted from the administrative districts of the Empire. In Spring, 1796, when resumption of war appeared eminent, the 88-members of the Swabian Circle, which included most of the states (ecclesiastical, secular, and dynastic) in Upper Swabia, had raised a small force of about 7,000 men. These were field hands and day laborers drafted for service, but untrained in military matters. It was largely guess work where they should be placed, and Charles did not like to use the militias in any vital location.  In early late May and early June, when the French started to mass troops by Mainz as if they would cross there—they even engaged the Imperial force at Altenkirchen (4 June) and Wetzler and Uckerath (15 June)—Charles thought that main attack would occur there and felt few qualms placing the 7,000 Swabians at the crossing by Kehl.

At the start of the campaign, the 80,000-man Army of Sambre-et-Meuse held the west bank of the Rhine down to the Nahe and then southwest to Sankt Wendel. On the army's left flank, Jean-Baptiste Kléber had 22,000 troops in an entrenched camp at Düsseldorf. Carnot's grand plan called for the two French armies to press against the Austrian flanks. But first, Jourdan's army would push south from Düsseldorf. It was hoped that this advance would induce the Austrians to withdraw all of their forces from the Rhine's west bank. It would also focus Austrian attention northward, allowing Moreau's army to more easily strike in the south. The right wing of the Army of Rhin-et-Moselle was positioned behind the Rhine from Huningue (Hüningen) northward, its center was along the Queich River near Landau and its left wing extended west toward Saarbrücken.

Pierre Marie Barthélemy Ferino led Moreau's Right Wing, Louis Desaix commanded the Center and Laurent Gouvion Saint-Cyr directed the Left Wing. Ferino's wing consisted of three divisions under François Antoine Louis Bourcier, 9,281 infantry and 690 cavalry, Henri François Delaborde, 8,300 infantry and 174 cavalry and Augustin Tuncq, 7,437 infantry and 432 cavalry. Desaix's command counted three divisions led by Michel de Beaupuy, 14,565 infantry and 1,266 cavalry, Antoine Guillaume Delmas, 7,898 infantry and 865 cavalry and Charles Antoine Xaintrailles, 4,828 infantry and 962 cavalry. Saint-Cyr's wing had two divisions commanded by Guillaume Philibert Duhesme, 7,438 infantry and 895 cavalry and Alexandre Camille Taponier, 11,823 infantry and 1,231 cavalry. Altogether, Moreau's Army of Rhin-et-Moselle numbered 71,581 foot soldiers and 6,515 cavalry. Gunners and sappers are not included in the total.

Actions

Blockades
On 9 June 1796, 36000 French troops blockaded the fortresses at Mainz and Ehrenbreitstein, challenging important strongholds at the confluence of the Main and Rhine rivers, and the Rhine and Moselle rivers, The blockades at Ehrenbreitstein started on 9 June, and at Mainz on 14 June.

Maudach

On 15 June, at the village of Maudauch, 36 miles from Speyer, and a few kilometers from Ludwigshafen, 27,000 French infantry and 3,000 cavalry set upon 11,000 Imperial and Habsburg troops.  The coalition lost 10 percent of its force, missing killed or wounded. Louis Desaix, commanding the left (northern) column of the Army of the Rhine and Moselle, had about 27,000 infantry and 3,000 cavalry when he crossed the Rhine at Maudach.  He faced Petrasch's division of about a third of the size, including mixed troops of infantry and dragoons.  While Desaix crossed at Maudauch, Jourdan's main body crossed the Rhine on 10 June at Neuwied to join Kléber and the Army of Sambre-et-Meuse advanced to the Lahn river.

Wetzlar and Uckerath

At Wetzlar (15 June 1796), 11,000 French troops engaged part of the  Habsburg Austrian army in its defenses on the Lahn river. The action ended in a Coalition victory when most of the French army began retreating to the west bank of the Rhine. Not all the Coalition force was engaged, but it was sufficiently strong to repel the French, who withdrew and split their force, Jourdan moving westward to secure the bridgehead at Neuwied, which he held unchallenged until the fall, and Kleber retreating northward toward  Düsseldorf.  Four days later, on the 19th, in a second engagement at Uckerath, the Coalition troops attacked Kleber's the French left wing in its retreat the French suffered more casualties than the Coalition force, and lost one of their colors.

Renchen
On 28 June at Renchen a French force of 20,000 overwhelmed a Coalition force of 6,000. Moreau' troops clashed with elements of a Habsburg Austrian army under Maximilian Anton Karl, Count Baillet de Latour which were defending the line of the Murg River. Leading the left (north) wing of Moreau's army, Louis Desaix attacked the Austrians and drove them back to the Alb River.

Neuwied
On 21 July, at Neuwied, Jourdan's southernmost flank encountered 8,000 Imperial troops, including a small group of Hessians, a battalion of French emigre troops, and the contingent from Münster.

Giessen
On 8 July  at Giessen, a small town in Hesse, 20,000 French troops, part of Jourdan's Army of the Sambre-et-Meuse, surprised an Austrian garrison or 4,500 and captured the town.

Friedberg
On 10 July, after hearing about Moreau's successful assault on Keh and subsequent crossing of the Rhine, Jourdan took the 30,000 men of the Army of the Sambre-et-Meuse back across the Rhine and attacked the 6,000 men of Wartensleben's force.

Cannstatt
On 21 July, at Cannstatt, a small town on the east bank of the Neckar outside of Stuttgart, part of Moreau's Army of the Rhine & Moselle attacked and overwhelmed 8,000 coalition troops.

Notes, citations, and alphabetical list of resources

Notes

Citations

Alphabetical list of resources

Philippart, John (1814).  Memoires etc. of General Moreau, London, A.J. Valpy.

Battles of the War of the First Coalition
Battles of the French Revolutionary Wars
Battles involving Austria
Battles involving France
Battles involving Saxony
Battles involving Bavaria
Conflicts in 1796
Early clashes in the Rhine campaign of 1796


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text:
Year 456 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Lactuca and Caeliomontanus (or, less frequently, year 298 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 456 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Events

By place

Greece
 The first of the Athenian sculptor Phidias' monuments to Athena, the bronze Athena Promachos, is placed on the Athenian Acropolis, measuring about 9 metres high.
 The temple of Zeus in Olympia is finished.

Births
 Aristophanes, Greek playwright (d. c. 386 BC)

Deaths
 Aeschylus, Greek playwright (b. 525 BC)

References