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Explorations | Deep East 2001 | Log
Deep Sea Corals
Complexity of Life
What Lies Beneath...
Ocean Dumping
Fire in Ice
Art of Exploration
Photo and Video Log
Sep. 29 Log
Sep. 9 Log
A widely distributed aggregation of Paramurecia on a mud draped rock outcrop in Oceanographer Canyon at 865 m. Photo: Barbara Hecker. Click on image for a larger view.
Dr. Les Watling
To most people, the concept of a deep water coral is an oxymoron. In fact, until recent legislation banning trawling in deep coral beds off the coast of Norway was promulgated, only a handful of scientists and fishers knew of these species. In fact, in North America, the general public and the broader scientific community know little of their existence. A recent symposium (First International Deep-Sea Coral Symposium, Halifax, July 31 - Aug. 3, 2000) examining deep coral reefs was held to educate scientists about the topic.
Deep water corals have not gone unnoticed by fishers who have complained for at least two centuries of their long-lines getting tangled in the coral thickets. An early account given by Edward Forbes in his 1859 book, Natural History of the European Seas, describes a deep sea coral:
"The great tree Alcyonium (now Paragorgia), a branched zoophyte of leathery texture, is a very wonderful and characteristic production of the abysses of the Boreal Seas. The lines of the fishermen, when fishing for the redfish, or uër, become entangled in its branches, and draw up fragments of considerable dimensions, so large, indeed, that the people of the country believe it to grow to the size of forest-trees, an exaggeration in all probability, but nevertheless one founded in unusual magnitude" (p.71).
Deep water corals likely were abundant in those days, or at least sufficiently abundant to be the predominant creatures brought up from considerable depths. In Forbes' book, he names the deepest zone of life in the sea after these deep-dwelling corals:
A small isolated "thicket" of Paragorgia on a projecting outcrop (surrounded by mud) in Lydonia Canyon at 1043 m, taken during an Alvin dive in 1980. Photo: Barbara Hecker. Click on image for a larger view.
"Last and lowest of our regions of submarine existence is that of deep sea corals, so named on account of the great stony zoophytes characteristic of it in the oceanic seas of Europe"
Types and Distribution
Documentation of the distribution of deep water corals has advanced considerably in Europe, with more than 10 commonly-found species identified. Two of the most important, from both general biological as well as ecological perspectives, are the gorgonian (Paragorgia arborea) and the scleractinian (Lophelia pertusa). The latter forms very large reefs in deep water along the Norwegian and Gulf of Mexico coasts and has been the subject of much research in recent years.
Deep water corals, like those that grow in shallow water, can be of two basic types: 1) the hard or stony corals which are related to those found on tropical coral reefs; and 2) the soft corals which include the familiar gorgonians of tropical shallow seas, as well as a broad diversity of other fleshy or tree-like forms. Most of the stony corals found along the U.S. northeastern coast are small, but they can grow to be very massive. The soft corals may be small and delicate or very large and tree-like. The largest of the gorgonians is Paragorgia arborea, which may grow to more than 3 m high.
Shrimp using deep-sea corals as habitat. Photo: Richard A. Cooper. Click on image for a larger view.
Corals living in deep water are of interest to conservation biologists because of their great age and the habitats that they represent. Almost all aged corals are well over a hundred years old. Many are about 400 years old, and one, the soft coral Gersmia, was estimated to be more than 1,800 years old. In Norway, some reefs of the stony coral, Lophelia pertusa, are thought to have existed for more than 2,000 years. Because the exact distribution of deep water corals still is not known, they continue to be brought to the surface by people fishing with either long lines or trawls, and by groundfish survey trawls conducted by government fisheries organizations.
Our leg of the "Deep East" project aims to discover areas where deep water corals are abundant and to learn as much about their biology as we can. We will be surveying canyon walls and seamount rims for coral populations. When we find corals, we will photograph and videotape them in their setting as well as up close. We will collect small branch pieces for tissue and genetic analysis, and we will collect and identify animals living with the corals.
Revised June 09, 2010 by the NOAA Ocean Explorer Webmaster
http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/deepeast01/background/corals/corals.html


Following an incident in Victoria Park we are giving safety advice to our students.
You may be aware that there was a very serious incident in Victoria Park last week. We endeavour to keep our campus as safe as possible, nevertheless we would encourage all of our students to be mindful of their surroundings and take care if they are on their own, particularly late at night, sticking to main roads and well-lit routes.
Our security team are available 24/7 by calling 0116 252 2023 and they monitor the entire University campus via CCTV. More information is available on our Security webpages.
We appreciate that serious incidents such as the one on Monday night can impact on all of us, therefore you can contact the student mental wellbeing service if you are affected.


If you're in Taylors Lakes, Watergardens or the surrounding area we can professionally fit tyres and perform mechanical repairs on your vehicle. Our workshop is equipped with the very latest tools and equipment, and our staff remain up to date with the latest industry techniques. Our team take great pride in their workmanship and will always keep you informed on the repairs required for you vehicle.
We stock tyres for all makes and models and to suit a variety of applications. From performance tyres to economy tyres, we stock tyres for a huge range budgets and purposes. To find out more about our workshop service capabilities, view our services page here. If you'd like to find out more information, or you'd like to arrange a booking on repair, please don't hesitate to contact us.


America became truly a land of plenty. The hard-working settlers harvested a bountiful variety of foods to feed a growing nation. Here the farmer and his family haul to town a wagon overflowing with corn, baskets of apples and containers of milk. My mother remembers doing this very thing when she was a young girl. Overhead, pigeons have found their home atop the grain elevator, a sturdy monument to the rich soil and the people who toil on it.
First in Redlin's "America the Beautiful" series.


Amanda Reifer of Cover Drive has teased a new collaboration with Diztortion.
"Creative mode with @thediztortion," the Bajan singer/songwriter posted to her Instagram profile on Friday (June 16, 2017).
Diztortion previously collaborated with artists/acts including Taya ("Deeper"), Sigma ("Redemption"), Lethal Bizzle ("Dear Rich, Thank You"), Stylo G ("My Number 1"), GIRLI ("Feel Ok") and Lenny Keylard ("Love Brings Happiness").
Born Raoul Chen, the Dutch-Surinamese musician's resume boasts additional works with fellow producers and songwriters such as Arnthor Birgisson, Ina Wroldsen, Cass Lowe, Audra Mae, Levi Lennox, Nicola Roberts, MNEK, Eyelar Mirzazadeh, Max McElligott, Negin Djafari, Al Shux, Niara Scarlett, Felix Snow, Dayo Olatunji, and Stargate.
His promotional singles "Put Your Love on Me," featuring Sasha Keable, and "I'll Be There," featuring Melissa Steel, are out now via Polydor Records.
Meanwhile, Reifer has previously worked with musicians including Quiz & Larossi, Kamille, Stargate, Autumn Rowe, Toby Gad, Ina Wroldsen, Jonathan "J.R." Rotem, Priscilla Renea, Banx & Ranx, Naughty Boy, Dayo Olatunji, Supa Dups, Angela Hunte, Boi-1da, Tanya Lacey, Steve Mac, Wayne Hector, Laconic, Kerrie-Thomas Armstrong, Future Cut, Viktoria Hansen, and Mac & Phil.
Cover Drive's sophomore album "Fall Forward," which serves as the follow-up to 2012's "Bajan Style," is now available via iTunes, Apple Music, Amazon, Google Play, Tidal and all other digital streaming platforms.
Barbadian singer/songwriter Amanda Reifer of Cover Drive has recorded new music with Banx & Ranx.
The Canadian songwriting/production duo, composed of Zacharie Raymond and Yannick Rastogi, have previously helmed Olly Murs' "Kiss Me," which peaked to number eleven on the UK Singles Chart.
Banx & Ranx's resume boasts additional alliances with artists and songwriters including Kyla Smith, Taio Cruz, Chelcee Grimes, Tinie Tempah, Kamille, Adam Baptiste, Dua Lipa, Karen Poole, OMI, Ina Wroldsen, KStewart, Lindy Robbins, Karen Harding, Grace Tither, and Lady Leshurr.
Their current promotional single "Lit," which features lead vocals from Ayak Thiik and background vocals from Rachel "RAYE" Keen, is out now via Warner Music Group / Parlophone Records.
Meanwhile, Reifer has previously worked with producers/songwriters including Quiz & Larossi, Kamille, Stargate, Autumn Rowe, Toby Gad, Ina Wroldsen, Jonathan "J.R." Rotem, Priscilla Renea, Naughty Boy, Dayo Olatunji, Supa Dups, Angela Hunte, Boi-1da, Tanya Lacey, Steve Mac, Wayne Hector, Laconic, Kerrie-Thomas Armstrong, Future Cut, Viktoria Hansen, and Mac & Phil.
Stream the following playlist dedicated to Cover Drive's work!
Cover Drive have shared the lyric video for their new single online.
The Bajan quartet – composed of Amanda Reifer, T-Ray Armstrong, Jamar Harding, and Barry Hill – posted the Jahket-directed clip for "Breakdown" to their YouTube channel on Monday (March 13, 2017).
Cover Drive's sophomore studio collection, tentatively entitled "In the Meantime," is expected to arrive later this year.
Watch the lyric video for "Breakdown" below.
Cover Drive have unveiled their new single online.
The Bajan quartet posted the lyrical clip for "Grapefruit Perrier" to their YouTube channel on Tuesday (February 23, 2016).
"Grapefruit Perrier" was written by group members Amanda Reifer, T-Ray Armstrong, Jamar Harding and Barry Hill along with regular collaborator and manager, Kerrie Thomas-Armstrong.
Cover Drive's upcoming sophomore studio collection and follow-up to 2012's "Bajan Style" will be released later this year.
The still-untitled project reportedly delivers contributions from Mac & Phil (Jess Glynne, Emeli Sande), Will IDAP (Kygo, Jessie J), Ms. D (Karen Harding, Parker Ighile) and Naughty Boy (Rihanna, Leona Lewis).
Watch the lyric video for "Grapefruit Perrier" below.
Bajan quartet Cover Drive have reunited with Naughty Boy on new material for their upcoming sophomore album.
Naughty Boy initially produced and co-wrote songs for Cover Drive along with regular collaborator Emeli Sande. However, the recorded material did not make the final cut of Cover Drive's debut album due to a change in music direction.
Notable songwriting and production credits by the hitmaker – real name Shahid Khan – include Alesha Dixon's "Radio" [Asylum Records], Leona Lewis' "Trouble" [Syco Music] and Cheryl's "Craziest Things" [Polydor Records].
Naughty Boy's debut album "Hotel Cabana" – featuring guest appearances from Sam Smith, Ed Sheeran, Wiz Khalifa, Ella Eyre, and Chasing Grace – is now available for download via iTunes in partnership with Virgin EMI Records.
Furthermore, he has contributed to the next projects by Emeli Sande [Capitol], Rihanna [Roc Nation], Jess Glynne [Atlantic], Tamera Foster [Syco Music], Ava Lily [Naughty Records] and Tanika Bailey [Virgin EMI].
Meanwhile, Cover Drive are expected to release their second studio collection – boasting further productions and songwriting contributions from Mac and Phil, Will IDAP, and Dayo "Ms. D" Olatunji – later this year.
Watch the music video for "Think About It" below.


Jordan McCain led five Mount Olive players in double figures as the Trojans rolled to a 99-78 Conference Carolinas men's basketball win over Limestone Saturday afternoon at Kornegay Arena. Deshaune Green and Darrell Patterson added 14 points apiece, while Kendall Hargrove finished with 12 and Mahamed Ibrahim, 11.
The victory is the Trojans' seventh in eight games and moves Mount Olive (8-8 overall, 5-5 CC) back to .500 overall after a 1-7 start to the season.
The Trojans ended much of the drama early, as Ibrahim and McCain made three-pointers during a 9-0 run to start the game. The Trojans' defense forced Limestone (11-6, 7-4) into turnovers and difficult shots. It took the Saints 3:32 to get on the scoreboard. Moments later, the Trojans built the lead to double digits on layups by Hargrove and Dontrell Brite.
A 10-2 run capped off by A Ibrahim dunk and Brite's three-pointer stretched the lead to 33-14 before intermission. Limestone threatened to get back in the game several times early in the second, but the Saints never got closer than 10.
The Saints' leading scorer, Charles Blue kept the Saints within arm's length early in the half, scoring 12 of his game-high 19 points. Blue could not offset Mount Olive's balance. Nine Trojans scored in the first half and 11 of the 14 players to see time on the court scored.
The Trojans led by as much as 24 before the final buzzer, getting a Hargrove steal and dunk, then a three-pointer from Garett Burkhead.
The Trojans built their lead early on defense and offensive rebounding. Limestone hit just 40 percent from the field before halftime and gave up 11 offensive boards to Mount Olive. Limestone came into the contest as the conference's best in rebound margin. The Trojans finished with 17 second-chance points.
Defensively, the interior work of Deshaune Green and Mike Moore made getting to the basket difficult for the Saints. Green hauled in five rebounds and drew a pair of charges against Limestone, while Moore added six rebounds, two blocks and a steal to a career-high seven points.
Dory Hines added nine assists and two steals.
Mount Olive returns to action Thursday night when Barton comes to Kornegay Arena for a 7:30 p.m. start.


I like a person and love whom I met two years ago. Not in touch for ling time and lost touch. Planning to revive our relationship and move forward with marriage.
Q.1. How is the time for me if I plan to venture into this current period ?
Q.2. Is there any emotional setback indicated ?
In your rashi chart, Pisces or Meena is the ascendant/ lagna.
Jupiter and Saturn are placed in the seventh house.
Moon and Venus are placed in the eighth house.
Sun and Mercury are placed in the ninth house with Neptune and Uranus.
Mars is placed in tenth house.
Rahu and ketu are placed in the fifth and the eleventh houses respectively.
1. You are currently running the Mercury- Moon period according to your horoscope.
2. Lagnesh Jupiter governs the house of karma too and is placed in the house of partnerships with Saturn. Saturn governs the houses of gains and losses and aspects the Sun, Mercury and the house of home comforts in the horoscope. Jupiter aspects Ketu and the third house. Both these planets aspect the lagna.
3. Venus and Moon are placed in in the eighth house. Moon owns the house of sanchit good karma. Venus is swagrahi and owns the third house too. Both these planets aspect the house of family and wealth in the horoscope.
4. Sun, Mercury are placed in the house of dharma and destiny . Sun owns the house of prarabdha. Mercury owns the houses of partnerships and home comforts. Both these planets aspect the third house.
5. Mars is placed in the house of karma. Mars owns the houses of dharma and destiny and the house of family and wealth and aspects the lagna, and the houses of home comforts and sanchit good karma in the horoscope.
6. There are no vargottam planets.
The current period is favorable for finding a soulmate for marriage.
Rahu and ketu in current transit are placed in the same signs in your natal horoscope.
The horoscope shows indications of a love marriage.
July – August period is ok for venturing out into this endeavor .
The current period of time till mid 2019 and further seems favorable.
Marriage yogas are seen between 2019-21 period according to your horoscope.
Marriage yogas extend till 2023 in the horoscope.
No emotional setback is indicated as such in the horoscope.
But 2 years is a long time. If the girl has not settled down in a relationship or matrimony , you may stand a chance.
Otherwise also the horoscope shows indications of meeting someone and marriage in the above mentioned time period.
Some ups and downs in married life are seen due to a sookshma parivartan yoga .
But such disturbances may be handled with tact and maturity.
It would be better if the horoscopes are compatible and the matching is good.
The horoscope indicates an intelligent and a smart spouse who may be witty and bright.
A legal marriage is also indicated in the current period.
Perform these remedies for overcoming your problems and for good marriage and married life.
← What are my Job prospects?


The annual National Parliamentary Tournament of Excellence recognizes the finest competition in American parliamentary debate, and it is with great pleasure that we invite you to the 2019 NPTE to be held at the University of Nevada, Reno, March 20-23, 2019.
The NPTE Board and the University of Nevada, Reno are ready to host a great tournament of outstanding competition. We hope to see you there!
Tournament entry will be at: http://npte.tabroom.com. Be sure to enter your judge's judging philosophy as you register your teams. If you have any difficulty entering the tournament, please contact Kathryn Starkey (kathrynstarkey@gmail.com).
Enrollment certification forms for each student attending the NPTE are due on March 4. The form can be found here. Note: If a student attended a different school during the fall and wishes to receive points for the fall semester, you will need to complete and fax a separate form from that school.
Each program must also submit the Program Responsibility Form. That form is also due on March 4. That form can be found here.
Please email Rebecca Sietman (rebecca.sietman@wheaton.edu) for any accommodations or dietary restrictions you may have. We want to make the tournament the best for you and your squads as possible!
Food Served: Breakfast - AB 106; Lunch - in front of Ansari.
Participants with disabilities: Please notify Rebecca Sietman regarding any necessary accommodations.
Parking Location: Brian Whalen Garage (labeled with a blue icon on the map above). Friday will require a permit. These will be available at Registration for a fee.
Wireless: The UNR Guest Network can be easily accessed from any computer. A cell phone capable of receiving SMS messages, or the ability to access email without needing to connect to a wifi signal is required.
Smoking: UNR is a smoke-free campus. We ask that you walk out to the street (about 100 yards) and that you dispose of your cigarette filters thoughtfully.
The NPTE worked closely with NPDA over the last couple of years to ensure a comprehensive harassment policy to protect students and coaches alike and promote a safe space for competition. The NPTE policy can be found here.
Since we will be on the University of Nevada, Reno's campus, be aware that you'll be abiding by their code of conduct, which can be found here.
This year, I'm happy to announce that Lauran Schaefer will be serving as the NPTE's Sexual Harassment Officer. She will be on location during the entire tournament. Her contact information will be disseminated during the tournament.
The following fees will be assessed as of Monday, March 18, 2018. Teams may pay their fees by credit card on the NPTE website in advance, or by check during registration on March 28.
Hired Judging Fee: $500 per uncovered team.
We would rather have your judges than your money! Please avoid hiring judges. Our high fee is charged so that we can avoid shortages of judges and so that, if needed, we can fly in quality critics for judging as our local supply of judges is very limited.
Rate: $59 per room + taxes/$20 resort fee (doubles and singles available), Sun-Wed. $69 per room + taxes/$20 resort fee (doubles and singles available), Thurs-Sat.
Cutoff date: Room reservations must be made by March 1, 2019.
The block is available March 18 – March 24, 2019.
Each school must bring one qualified judge for each team that qualifies to and attends the NPTE. Judges must submit judging philosophies. As stated in the fees section, you may hire a judge from the NPTE for $500, but we would rather have your judges than your money!
Just as with students, judges are also required to adhere to the guidelines under the NPTE Everyone Participates Page, found here.
Further details, judging qualifications, and tournament guidelines can be found here and here.
Reproduction in whole or in part in any form without written permission from the NPTE board is strictly prohibited.


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tarantolabus » Folk music » Johnny Trueheart - Johnny Sings Country
Johnny Trueheart - Johnny Sings Country download flac
Performer: Johnny Trueheart
Title: Johnny Sings Country
Category: Folk music
Other formats: MP1 MPC AUD AU VQF DXD MP2
Johnny_Trueheart Country Canada
Sings Hank Williams is the seventh album by American country and rock and roll singer Johnny Cash, released under Sun Records on September 15, 1960. Only the first four of the twelve tracks on the album were written by Williams, with most of the others being written by Cash.
Country Christmas is a Christmas album and 78th overall album by American country singer Johnny Cash, released on Laserlight Digital in 1991 (see 1991 in music), in-between Cash's contracts with Mercury Records and American Recordings. Four tracks do not feature Cash but instead feature vocals by his wife, June Carter Cash and the Carter Family
Johnny Burnette - Interview with Johnny Burnette (12:12, 320Kb/s). The Burnette Brothers - Waitin' at the Station (Incomplete Versions with Studio Dialogue 2) (01:15, 320Kb/s). The Burnette Brothers - Waitin' at the Station (Incomplete Versions with Studio Dialogue 1) (01:25, 320Kb/s). On this page you can listen to the album, get information about the album, see the list of songs and much more. Listen online and stay in a good mood. Org Album: Johnny & Dorsey - The Burnette Brothers (2019).
Johnny Sings America - Folsom Prison Blues, The Highway Man, Wide Open Road and 9 more tracks from this album here for free. More albums by this artist. The Highway Man. Wide Open Road. Country Boy. Rock Island Line. If The Good Lord's Willing. Ballad Of A Teenage Queen. Johnny Cash - Country & Rock.
Johnny Cash - City Of New Orleans 03:36. Johnny Cash - If The Good Lord's Willing 01:46. Johnny Cash - Ballad Of A Teenage Queen 02:14. The Ultimate Collection - Johnny Cash. Johnny Cash - Country & Rock - Johnny Cash. The Fabulous Johnny Cash - Johnny Cash. Johnny Cash-Rockabilly - Johnny Cash.
Johnny McEvoy is a fine performer with a great voice, and there is nothing wrong with the selction of songs featured on the CD - it's a nice mixture of Irish and Country Western music. Although this CD includes what could be called tradional Johnny McEvoy songs like "Murshin Durkin",the surprise is his rendition of a number of Country and Western tracks. The singer brings a freshness to these songs that is a pleasure to listen to and I would highly recommend it to lovers of both C&W and Irish folk music.
Sings Johnny Mercer (Digitally Remastered). Released by Essential Media Group May 2010 8 Tracks. Sings Johnny Mercer (Digitally Remastered) is a English album released on May 2010. Sings Johnny Mercer (Digitally Remastered) Album has 8 songs sung by Johnny Mercer. Listen to all songs in high quality & download Sings Johnny Mercer (Digitally Remastered) songs on Gaana. attr("src", $('. de tp.
I'm Walking The Dog 2:35
City Light 3:05
Crazy Arms 2:58
Please, Please, Let Me Go 2:24
I Walk The Line 2:02
You Win Again 2:58
Your Cheating Heart 2:53
I Can't Help It 2:27
Cold, Cold Heart 3:30
BM-2011 Johnny Trueheart Johnny Sings Country (LP, Album) Budget Musique BM-2011 Canada Unknown
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Johnny Mathis - Johnny Mathis Sings flac download
Al Goodman , Johnny Kay - A Tour Of Italy flac download
Style: Vocal, Swing
Johnny Desmond & Norman Leyden And His Orchestra - Once Upon A Time flac download
Johnny Hallyday - Johnny Hallyday Sings America's Rockin Hits flac download
Style: Rock & Roll, Rockabilly
Johnny Thunders - Johnny Thunders Live In Cold Blood flac download
Style: Punk, Rock & Roll
Johnny Modeste - Johnny Modeste flac download
Style: Pop Rock
Johnny Maestro & The Crests - The Best Of The Rest flac download
Style: Ballad, Doo Wop
Johnny Tillotson - Johnny Tillotson flac download
Johnny Cash - Sings The Songs That Made Him Famous flac download

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Eddie Vedder Photos
Director Sean Penn and Eddie Vedder at the after party of the Los Angeles premiere of "Into the Wild."
Eddie Vedder and Jena Malone at the Los Angeles premiere of "Into the Wild."
Eddie Vedder at the Los Angeles premiere of "Into the Wild."
Eddie Vedder at the Hollywood Reporter/Billboard Film and TV Music Conference Day.
Eddie Vedder, Tamara Conniff and Sean Penn at the Hollywood Reporter/Billboard Film and TV Music Conference Day.
Eddie Vedder and Tamara Conniff at the Hollywood Reporter/Billboard Film and TV Music Conference Day.


God's Beauty is all around us. This is a pic I took on my morning walk last weekend from Big Cedar Lodge. When problems seem to be drawing all your attention and draining all your mental and physical energy, focusing on the blessings and beauty given by God can truly revive your spirit and renew and refresh your mind.
Life is good. Life is short. Life is important.
Don't waste it with worry, my friends.


The board shall be composed of five members all of whom shall be residents and qualified voters of the city of Kerrville.
Alternate Members: Two alternate members will be appointed who shall be qualified voters of the city to serve concurrent terms as the regular members. The alternate members will serve on the board in place of an absent member when requested to do so by the chairperson of the board so that all cases to be heard by the board shall always be heard by a minimum of four members.
The board shall hear and decide an appeal that alleges an error in any order, decision, or determination made by an administrative official of the city in the interpretation or enforcement of Chapter 211 of the Texas Local Government Code, as amended, or the zoning code.
The board shall grant, upon written request, variances from the height, yard, area, coverage, floor-to-area, and buffering regulations and required number of parking and loading spaces prescribed by the zoning code, which variances are not contrary to the public interest, and which, because of special conditions, a literal enforcement of the ordinance would result in unnecessary hardship.
Two years. The members shall be appointed by a majority vote of the members of the city council. No member or alternate member shall serve more than three consecutive full terms on the board without having at least one full year off of the board between terms.
At the call of the chairperson and at such other times as the members of the board shall determine.


This is very simple but based on some tutorials suggested by aunt Betsy. It's very basic, but that's where I need to start. When I get shading and light right I'll work on hatching.
I used the shader and the knife and of course, a pencil. Should I use the knife or just stick with the shader?
35 views no replies. I guess that's an answer, I'll do it again.
Ok, I wasn't sure what the 'proper' way to do it was. I'm starting to realize that in some areas there is no wrong or right, just whatever works. Thanks.
Ok, thanks. I saved it and will use it for a reference.
I just so this tread, sorry I missed it when you first posted it.
You have a really good start. It doesn't matter how you do the shading as long as you like the effect you get. Different styles of art use different styles of shading. The type of shading you do can show what type of surface the object has. Very smooth shading and bright highlights will indicate a smooth and shiny surface.
The angle of the cast shadow (the one outside the object) will indicate where object is in relation to the surface the shadow is on and the view that you are looking at the object from. If you want to change the view of the object, change the angle and perspective of the cast shadow.
One of the most important parts about practicing shading (I'm no expert but I understand the concepts) is to get you to look at objects and see the shading and highlights. When you can stop seeing the object whatever it is and start seeing it as a series of different light values and then drawing them wherever they are it will really help with the shading exercises. One of my teachers had us drawing from a black and white photograph that was turned upside down. It made us concentrate on the shapes and and light values instead of drawing what was in the picture. What you think you see and what is actually there is often changed by your brain, so it helps to not have a pattern the brain recognizes. When you recognize something you don't really look at it anymore so you don't really see the light values.
Try practice shading a still life. Setup some objects with a lamp shining on them. Vases, bottles, glasses, even cans make good choices. You might want to avoid transparent and objects with over all labeling, it will just distract you for now. Still life drawing and painting is really where most art classes start. You don't want to skip that step. If you drape some cloth over something like a box and onto the table top and place objects on it in front of the box. The cloth should have folds in it going up over the box. Then you draw what you see. Shading cloth folds is a major step in shading practice. I still remember doing this in my first year of art class in high school. I even remember doing this in Junior High and doing cloth folds for the first time, it was not a very good beginning. I just put in dark areas for the folds, no highlights or gradient shading. I did much better in High School. I had been doing some drawing and shading on my own by then and my folds looked like folds and my round objects looked round.
I was so please to see this, I was wondering how you were doing. Keep up the good work.
Gms9810- This is a good beginning. I just watched the video Juz posted and that is a good example of the effect you are studying. There is a book by artist James Gurney entitled "Color and Light" which I highly recommend. It covers a lot of ground in a well explained, digestible way. There is another book I must recommend by artist Ted Seth Jacobs entitled "Light for the Artist." He is a bit more cerebral in his written tone but I must credit his work as the source that really firmed up the foundations of my own understanding of light and it's effect on form.
Of the two books, both of which I own and have read, I would recommend the one by James Gurney first. His imagery is fun to explore and his use and discussion of color pallets is very good material for beginning artists. That said I feel his work is useful for old hands and pros. I learned new things that added to my skills, particularly regarding the study of establishing limited color gamuts for painting in.
Keep practicing and posting. I sometimes don't jump in and reply as much as I'd like, but I will try to be one who helps when I can.
Ok, I'll look for that on Amazon, thanks.


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How to Create a Facebook Page for Someone Else to Manage
By Ryan Menezes
Adding Company Data on LinkedIn
How to Make an Admin on Facebook Company Page
Should a Business Be in LinkedIn Under the Business Name?
How to Edit a LinkedIn Company Page
How to Get Your Company Logo to Fit on a Facebook Thumbnail
Managing a Facebook page requires continual work. Creating the page for others to handle is a simpler, one-time process. If your employer or a client asks you to create a page for them, it will be easy to design an original page and then transfer administrative privileges for the employer or client to manage. The page's new administrator can then edit the page with new content, including updates on company development, photos from events, links to new pages on the company site or invitations for feedback.
Create the Page
Navigate to the first link under "Resources" to access Facebook's "Create a Page" site.
Choose one of the six categories that describe the company. For many organizations, you'll want to click the second category, which is labeled "Company, Organization or Institution."
Click the "Choose a Category" drop-down box and select a category. For example, if the company is a computer-tech related organization, click "Computers/Technology."
Type the company's name into the box labeled "Company Name," then check the box labeled "I agree to Facebook Pages Terms."
Click "Get Started" to open the Set Up page.
Click "Upload From Computer" to launch the Open dialog box. Navigate to and select an image on your computer to represent the company on the page. Click "Next," then type a description of the company into the screen's text box.
Click "Save Info" to create your page and launch a wizard that helps you manage the page. Close each of these wizard boxes.
Set a Manager
Click "Manage" in the Admin Panel at the top of the page to open a drop-down menu.
Click "Edit Page."
Click "Manage Admins" from the sidebar.
Type the name or email address of the page's future manager labeled "Type a name or email." If the contact isn't yet signed up for Facebook, type his email address; otherwise, type in his Facebook identification.
Click "Save" to open a confirmation dialog box.
Type your password into the dialog box. Click "Confirm."
Facebook: How Can I Create a Page?
Facebook: How Do I Add Other Admins to My Facebook Page?
Facebook: Create a Page
YouTube: How to Create a Facebook Fan Page
Facebook Marketing For Dummies; John Haydon, et al.
Ryan Menezes is a professional writer and blogger. He has a Bachelor of Science in journalism from Boston University and has written for the American Civil Liberties Union, the marketing firm InSegment and the project management service Assembla. He is also a member of Mensa and the American Parliamentary Debate Association.
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1 Starting a LinkedIn Company Page
2 How to Create a Company Facebook Page
3 How to Join Facebook as an Organization
4 How to Categorize a Fashion Company on Facebook


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The primary cause of anemia is iron deficiency, a condition caused by inadequate intake or low absorption of iron, the increased demands of repeated pregnancies—particularly if not well spaced (e.g., fewer than 36 months between pregnancies)—and loss of iron through menstruation. Other causes of anemia include vitamin deficiencies (such as a deficiency of folic acid or vitamin A), genetic disorders, malaria, parasitic infections, HIV, tuberculosis, common infections, and other inflammatory conditions. While iron deficiency anemia (IDA) accounts for about one-half of all anemia cases, it often coexists with these other causes.
According the most recent national Philippines data (now 11 years old), 43.9 percent of pregnant women suffer from anemia, making it a severe public health problem as defined by WHO standards1 (FNRI 2004). Among the sixteen regions in the Philippines, Bicol Region and Zamboanga Peninsula (formerly Western Mindanao) have the highest anemia rates among pregnant (64 percent) and breastfeeding women (72 percent) (Cheong et al. 2001). A study on the iron status of pregnant women in the mountain, coastal, and city regions of Zamboanga del Sur province in Zamboanga Peninsula found that at 24 weeks gestation, 34 percent of women were anemic using the second trimester specific hemoglobin cut-off value of 10.5 grams/deciliter (de Jong, Romano, and Gibson 2002). However, the prevalence of anemia increased to 51 percent when the WHO cut-off for anemia among pregnant women (hemoglobin 11.0 grams/deciliter), not accounting for trimester, was applied.
Figure 1 on the following page shows a decision-tree analysis of how well the Philippine antenatal care (ANC) system distributes IFA, and identifies four potential points at which the system might falter (highlighted in orange). The figure tracks the number and percentage of women who obtained ANC, those who subsequently received and consumed at least one IFA tablet, and those who consumed the ideal minimum number of tablets.2 All data are based on the Philippines Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS) questions that were asked of women who were in a permanent union and had been pregnant in the five years prior to being interviewed3 (NSO and ICF Macro 2009).
Main Conclusions: ANC coverage is high, providing a strong vehicle for IFA distribution. Among women who were pregnant in the last five years, had at least one ANC visit, and took at least one IFA tablet, only 19 percent received and took the ideal minimum number of tablets. The most important barrier to the distribution of IFA is Falter Point 4, followed by Falter Point 2. Supply and demand considerations are both likely constraints.
Percentages are calculated from weighted data and may vary slightly from the unweighted observations-based calculations. One percent of women who were pregnant in the last five years did not have any visits but received or purchased IFA from another source.
Non-responses, no data (NR/ND) were recoded to "No" for "At least 1 ANC visit?", "IFA tablets received?" and "IFA tablets taken?" and to zero for "Number of tablets taken?".
Source: Calculations are from the Philippines Demographic and Health Survey (2008). Anemia levels are from WHO VMNIS PW and LW Reference 5242, 2003; NPNLW Reference 2536, 1998.
Only four percent of women did not obtain at least one ANC visit.
ANC's high coverage provides outstanding potential as a vehicle for achieving high IFA coverage.
Of the women with at least one ANC visit, 15 percent did not receive or purchase any IFA.
This supply-side constraint may be due to various system/supply-side performance shortcomings which could reflect: (1) Inadequate supply (e.g., stock outs); (2) Provider knowledge; (3) Provider practices that would lead to failure to provide IFA. As Figure 5 shows, this is the second most important falter point among all pregnant women in the Philippines.
Unfortunately, the PDHS does not report the source(s) of the IFA tablets women received or purchased, and there is a small percentage of women attending ANC who get IFA tablets from a different source. While only one percent of Filipino women who received or purchased IFA did not have any ANC visits (not shown), we cannot ascertain whether or not those who received ANC care obtained their IFA from their ANC provider. It is likely, however, that women who attend ANC are more likely to be aware of, to value and to be inclined to also take IFA, regardless of where they obtain them. Thus we would expect there to be a high correlation between the number of women who had at least one ANC visit and those who received or purchased IFA, which is consistent with the data. Women who have one or more ANC visits and who did not receive any IFA constitute a missed opportunity to reduce the risk of anemia among a high-risk population.
Of the women who received IFA, two percent did not consume any tablets.
Of the women who received and took IFA, 81 percent did not consume the ideal minimum of 180 IFA tablets.
This falter point is a combination of supply and demand-side factors. Figure 1 sheds some light on two possible causes of this falter point: 44 percent of women who received ANC began their care after the first trimester, and the 19 percent of women who had less than WHO's recommended four ANC visits during their last pregnancy may have started their ANC too late or may not have had enough visits to receive 180 tablets (given IFA distribution protocols). Both of these are likely contributing factors, but further research is needed to establish their relative importance, as well as the significance of other possible causes. Globally, research has found that other common causes of Falter Point 4 include: (1) providers do not have access to adequate supply; (2) women do not receive adequate tablets because they have little access to care, start ANC late, or do not have enough ANC visits making it difficult to obtain 180 tablets (given IFA distribution protocols); (3) providers do not provide adequate counseling or follow-up; (4) women do not adhere to the regimen, which may be due to difficulty in remembering to take the tablets daily, not knowing all the tablets are necessary, fear of having a big baby, side effects, or tablet-related issues (taste, size, color, coating, packaging/storage problem). Further research is needed to determine the specific reasons for this falter point in the Philippines.
A comparison of 2003 and 2008 PDHS data (Figure 2) reveals that the Philippines improved its already high performing ANC system over this period as measured by coverage, timeliness, amount of care and by two IFA-related indicators. While the percentage of women receiving and taking 90 or more IFA tablets improved by 17 percent, it is important to bear in mind that there is still a long way to go in reaching an acceptable level of adequate IFA tablet distribution, as the cut-off point used here constitutes just half of the ideal minimum number.
Note: The 2003 and 2008 PDHS used a 90+ IFA tablet upper limit.
Table 1 provides detailed, region-, residency-, and wealth-specific analyses of ANC and IFA coverage in 2003 and 2008. ANC coverage is high across the Philippines' 17 regions. While ANC coverage slipped in Eastern Visayas and SOCCSKARGEN in 2008, the falls were minor, with coverage remaining above 93 percent in the two regions. IFA coverage (the percentage of women, among all women who were pregnant in the past five years, who received and took at least one IFA tablet) in the regions are generally 15 to 20 percentage points below their ANC coverage rates, but these gaps narrowed between 2003 and 2008. IFA regional coverage levels —like their ANC levels— are very similar, with the notable exception of ARMM. In both years, ARMM's levels have been less than half of the national average. Regional measures of the percentage of women who received and took 90 or more IFA tablets during their last pregnancy—in contrast to ANC and IFA coverage measures in recent years—show marked variation in both performance and regional trends. Seven of the 15 regions had declining rates and the percentage of women consuming 90 or more IFA tablets in ARMM in 2008 remained well below the national average. Wealth and residency show a direct relationship to ANC and IFA coverage and the percentage of women who consumed at least 90 IFA tablets. Rates are lower among women in rural areas and in lower wealth quintiles. The gap in ANC and IFA coverage rates by wealth improved slightly over the five year period, but widened in the percentage of women consuming 90 or more IFA tablets.
The map in Figure 3 shows how the percentage of women with at least one ANC visit who received at least one IFA tablet varies by region. Regional coverage rates vary by a factor or more than two. There appears to be a direct relationship between ANC provision of IFA tablets and the mean number of tablets taken (not shown): regions with a higher percentage of the women with a live birth in the previous five years who reported obtaining IFA tablets and having at least one ANC visit, also had higher average numbers of tablets taken, and vice versa.
Figure 4 shows the relationship between the number of IFA tablets taken by women who had at least one ANC visit and the number of ANC visits they had during their last pregnancy. Among women who had at least one ANC visit, 56 percent took at most one-quarter (45) of the ideal minimum of 180 IFA tablets. Women with more visits were likely to receive and take more IFA tablets, although the relationship is not strong. Even among those women who received IFA tablets and had four or more visits, 50 percent took at most only one-quarter of the ideal number, and of all women with at least one ANC visit, only 16 percent received and took 180 or more tablets. Still, it should be noted that with 35 percent of Filipino women with one or more ANC visits taking 90 or more IFA tablets, the Philippines' performance is superior to most other middle- and low-income countries.
Figure 5 presents the obstacles amongst all women, including those who did not receive ANC during their pregnancy, to taking the ideal minimum number of IFA tablets. In the Philippines, Falter Points 2 and 4 are the greatest barriers. Improving the delivery of IFA supplementation to the Philippines will therefore rely heavily on identifying and addressing program gaps in IFA supply management and health workers' practices. Modifying some women's long term adherence behaviors, and addressing other points mentioned above, under "Analysis of Falter Points", may also lead to more women taking a minimum of 180 tablets (addressing Falter Point 4).
Between 2005 and 2010, the Philippines decreased its maternal mortality rate (MMR) from 110 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births to 99. The pace of improvement, however, was slower than that of other countries with similar 2005 levels resulting in the Philippines' MMR ranking slipping from 116 (out of 181 countries) to 118 (WHO 2012b). Moreover, it looks unlikely that the Philippines will achieve its fifth Millennium Development Goal (MDG5) to improve maternal health, and reach an MMR of 52. To accelerate its progress toward achieving that target, the Philippines should conduct formative research to identify and prioritize obstacles realizing the full potential of its ANC-based IFA distribution efforts, especially in the ARMM and other low-performing regions.
This rapid assessment of the distribution of IFA tablets through ANC in the Philippines suggests that there is substantial room for improvement in the supply- and also demand-sides of the program. Improving the distribution of IFA through the ANC program is an important strategy to prevent and control anemia in the Philippines, and to improve the nutrition and health status, as well as the mental and physical capacity of women of reproductive age.
3 The PDHS provides a population-based, nationally representative sample of all women in the Philippines.
Cheong, R. L., J. R. Madriaga, L. A. Perlas, J. A. Desnacido, J. M. Marcos, and M. I. Z. Cabrera. 2001. "Prevalence of anemia among Filipinos." Philippine Journal of Nutrition 49(1-2): 45-57.
de Jong, Nynke, Aurora B. Ampong Romano, and Roaslind S. Gibson. 2002. "Zinc and Iron Status During Pregnancy of Filipino Women." Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition 11(3): 186-193.
Department of Health, Office of the Secretary (Republic of Philippines), 2000. Administrative Order No. 3A s. 2000: Guidelines on Vitamin A and Iron Supplementation.
Food and Nutrition Research Institute (FNRI) Philippines. 2004. The Sixth National Survey 2003. Manila: FNRI.
Horton, Sue and Jay Ross. 2003. "The Economics of Iron Deficiency." Food Policy 28(1):51-75.
National Statistics Office (NSO) [Philippines], and ORC Macro. 2004. National Demographic and Health Survey 2003. Calverton, Maryland: National Statistics Office and ORC Macro.
NSO [Philippines], and ICF Macro. 2009. National Demographic and Health Survey 2008. Calverton, Maryland: National Statistics Office and ICF Macro.
Stoltzfus, Rebecca J., and Michele L. Dreyfuss. 1998. Guidelines for the use of Iron Supplements to Prevent and Treat Iron Deficiency Anemia. Washington DC: ILSI Press.
Stoltzfus, Rebecca J., Luke Mullany, and Robert E. Black. 2004. "Iron Deficiency Anemia." In Comparative Quantification of Health Risks: Global and Regional Burden of Disease Attributable to Selected Major Risk Factors, edited by Majid Ezzati, Alan D. Lopez, Anthony Rodgers, and Christopher J. L. Murray, 163-209. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
WHO. 2012b. Indicator and Measurement Registry version 1.6.0. Maternity mortality rate. [August 28, 2012].


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