text:
1) Ramjet is Secret Behind Fusion Reactor - P-B11 plasma focus fusion breakthrough reported
2) Record Efficiency for Plastic Solar Cells - Cheap and flexible PV cells
3) Electrical Power Plant for the Home - Micro-CHP is popular in Europe and Japan
4) Too Much Energy Needed for Biofuels - Cornell ecologist study revived with recent facts
5) US Energy Association Calendar of Events - Summary of worldwide energy event activity
6) Crude Oil Demand Outpaces Supply - New report by National Petroleum Council
1) Ramjet designer's new pitch: safe, cheap fusion reactor
R. Colin Johnson
(06/04/2007 9:00 AM EDT)
URL: http://www.eetimes.com/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=199703602
There's a way for fusion reactors to sidestep high-temperature plasmas, steam turbines, neutron radiation and even nuclear waste--and still generate inexhaustible nuclear energy for less money than Google's annual electricity bill. That's the position, and latest mission, of physicist Robert Bussard.
In the 1960s, Bussard proposed the ramjet, a paper engine design that would power deep-space vehicles by collecting hydrogen atoms in space and feeding them into a fusion reactor. Now, in a proposal titled "Should Google Go Nuclear?" (video.google.com/videoplay?docid= 1996321846673788606), Bussard presents an alternative to thermonuclear fusion. He claims an inertial electrostatic confinement (IEC) reactor can provide fusion power that is simpler, cleaner and cheaper than would be possible under the various routes now being pursued by the Department of Energy.
"Everything [the DOE] is doing is highly radioactive and expensive--measured in tens of billions of dollars, with projected run-out costs of greater than $12 billion, plus another $30 billion over the next 20 or 30 years. The United States has already spent $18 billion [on fusion]," said Bussard. "And there is no end in sight."
By contrast, Bussard estimates startup costs of $200 million for an IEC fusion reactor that would operate at 95 efficiency.
The ramjet, proposed in the 1960s, sought to remove an obstacle to deep-space travel. Traditional spacecraft cannot carry enough fuel to reach distant stars, but the ramjet would harvest particles present even in natural vacuums, using fusion to release energy. Bussard parlayed his ramjet fame into a career working to redirect the nation toward simpler, cleaner, cheaper fusion reactors. He founded Energy Matter Conversion Corp. (EMC2; Santa Fe, N.M.), which initially focused on contract work for the Department of Defense. Lately, Bussard has been courting deep-pocketed corporations to help him build a commercial version of the IEC fusion reactor. He has set up a nonprofit organization, EMC2 Fusion Development Corp. (www.EMC2Fusion.org), to fund the work.
The current, third-generation prototype uses six doughnut-shaped electromagnets to create a cube in which to confine the fusion reactions in a strong magnetic field. The original protype operated in air and was just centimeters in diameter; the current design operates in a vacuum chamber and measures roughly a cubic yard.
When all six electromagnets are energized, the magnetic fields meld into a nearly perfect sphere. Electrons are in jected into the sphere to create a superdense core of highly negative charge. Given enough electrons, the electrical field can be made strong enough to induce fusion in selected particles. Positively charged protons and boron-11 ions ("p-B11") are injected into the sphere and are quickly accelerated into the center of the electron ball by its high negative charge. Protons and boron ions that overshoot the center are pulled back with an oscillatory action of a thousand or more cycles.
If the negative charge of the core is high enough, the positively charged particles will accelerate enough during their oscillations to induce a fusion reaction. The boron-11 collides with a proton to create carbon-12, which then splits into a helium nucleus and a beryllium nucleus. The beryllium particle splits into two more helium nuclei, resulting in a total of three helium nuclei, each of which has almost 3 million electron volts of energy. The force of the final splitting step drives the helium nuclei out of the center of the reactor, where a surrounding electrical grid directly dissipates their energy by generating electricity at a claimed efficiency of 95 percent.
"Focus Fusion Report" www.IntegrityResearchInstitute.org
"Dense Plasma Focus Fusion Power & Space Propulsion," Future Energy, Vol. 2, No. 2, Summer, 2007, p. 7
"Advances in Dense Plasma Focus Fusion for Electric Power and Space Propulsion" - Dr. George Miley, University of Illinois, DVD from IRI's COFE2
2) Record Efficiency for Plastic Solar Cells
Peter Fairley, Technology Review, Friday, July 13, 2007 http://www.technologyreview.com/Energy/19044/
Researchers find a new way to make cheap and flexible photovoltaic cells.
A new process for printing plastic solar cells boosts the power generated by the flexible and cheap form of photovoltaics. Initial solar cells made with the technique can, according to a report in today's issue of Science, capture solar energy with an efficiency of 6.5 percent--a new power record for photovoltaics that employ conductive plastics to generate electricity from sunlight. Most photovoltaics are made from conventional inorganic semiconductors.
The new process stacks multiple polymer layers within a single photovoltaic device to produce a "tandem" cell. Alan Heeger <http://www.ipos.ucsb.edu/ajh.html>, who won the 2000 Nobel Prize for his codiscovery of electrically conducting polymers, and his colleagues at the University of California, Santa Barbara <http://www.ipos.ucsb.edu/> (UCSB), created the process with a group from South Korea's Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology <http://www.gist.ac.kr/english/index.php>. Heeger says that the tandem architecture offers plenty of room for further improvement--enough to eventually make plastic solar cells practical in rooftop solar panels. "We see a pathway here toward even higher efficiencies," he says. "We can do significantly better than 6.5 percent in the near future."
Tandem cells, commonly employed in conventional solar panels, increase power output in two ways. The semiconductors in the different layers can be optimized to capture different bands of light, thus enabling the tandem device to absorb a broader spectrum of sunlight. And the multiple layers boost the voltage of the tandem device, yielding more power from every photon absorbed. "You do a better job of light harvesting and a better job of utilizing the photon energy," explains Heeger.
Until now, however, the tandem architecture spoiled plastic photovoltaics such as Heeger's, which are "printed" by spraying solutions of conductive plastics and other materials onto a plastic film. Layers of different plastics sprayed on top tended to mix, degrading rather than enhancing power output. Heeger and his colleagues beat the mixing problem by finding an effective spray-on separator to keep the layers in place.
The bottom cell is filled with a proprietary polymer first disclosed last year by plastic PV developer Konarka Technologies <http://www.konarkatech.com/>, based in Lowell, MA, which Heeger cofounded and for which he serves as chief scientist. The polymer (a derivative of polythiophene) absorbs both infrared and ultraviolet light. Next comes a titanium-suboxide layer, which seals in the bottom cell, provides a foundation for building the top layer, and, as it's a metal, efficiently carries away the charged electrons generated in both layers. Finally, the top layer sports a different type of conducting polymer that absorbs mostly blue and green light.
Heeger expects further efficiency strides as device developers gain experience with the cell's new materials. For example, in May, the UCSB researchers reported a processing tweak that doubles the power output of single cells made with Konarka's new polythiophene polymer. Heeger says that the processing trick was not used in the tandem cell. Yang Yang <http://164.67.192.163:81/index.aspx>, a physicist at the University of California, Los Angeles, agrees that rapid improvement is likely. He says that such optimization could yield a tandem cell that's more than 10 percent efficient. "I would call this important progress," he says.
Not all experts are as optimistic. Sean Shaheen, who recently left a research post at the Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory <http://www.nrel.gov/> for the University of Denver, cautions not to overreact to the report. For one thing, says Shaheen, efficiency estimates are notoriously unreliable because each research group tests efficiency under its own approximation of the solar spectrum.
Another hurdle for the tandem cell is manufacturing. Konarka vice president of research Russell Gaudiana expects that the company would be able to produce Heeger's tandem cells on the same printing lines it now uses to make prototype modules containing single cells of plastic photovoltaics, but he says it will be "trickier" to keep the tandem cell's layers from intermixing in commercial-scale production. "We anticipate seeing the typical problems that one always sees when putting down multiple layers," says Gaudiana. "Alan does it in the laboratory and does a very good job at it, but doing it on a coating machine at high speed is a little different."
For the time being, says Gaudiana, Konarka will stay focused on producing single-cell plastic photovoltaics with 5 percent efficiency. That power output is sufficient for Konarka's first application, portable battery chargers, which the company hopes to begin selling next year. But tandem cells could help Konarka reach the more demanding rooftop market, which Gaudiana says will require at least 7 percent efficiency.
3) A Power Plant for the Home
Prachi Patel Predd , IEEE Spectrum, April, 2007 http://www.spectrum.ieee.org/apr07/5010
When you flip on a light switch in an average American home, the light bulb probably uses electricity generated in a far-away power plant. But that is not the most efficient way to use fuels-two-thirds of their energy is lost as waste heat at the plant and while traveling over power lines.
What if the power plant were sitting in your home's basement instead? Combined heat and power (CHP) systems can utilize up to 90 percent of a fossil fuel's energy by simultaneously generating heat and electricity on-site, reducing energy consumption and slashing utility bills. Such systems already power hospitals, university campuses, and large petrochemical factories, and they are widely used for district heating in Denmark, the Netherlands, and other northern European countries. But only in the last few years has the technology evolved to the point that it can power and heat individual homes. Recently gaining popularity in Europe and Japan, micro-CHP, as it's called, has now broken into the lucrative U.S. market.
The Freewatt system, made by Honda, can be installed in a basement as shown in a Boston-area home. Climate Energy, a company in Medfield, Mass., is testing a 1.2-kilowatt system in 25 U.S. homes and hopes to sell several hundred units this year. The company, a joint venture of ECR International, in Utica, N.Y., and Yankee Scientific, also in Medfield, is marketing a system developed by Honda Motor, Tokyo [see photo, "Basement Installation" Honda has sold 50 000 1-kW units for single-family homes in Japan. SenerTec, a firm in Schweinfurt, Germany, markets a 5-kW system for apartment buildings in Europe.
Micro-CHP systems typically consist of an internal combustion engine and a furnace. The engine drives a generator to produce electricity, and the heat created in the process goes to the furnace via a heat exchanger module. Micro-CHP equipment can run on a range of fuels, including coal and oil. The most popular systems, including Climate Energy's, run on natural gas.
Unlike solar panels, wind turbines, and fuel cells, CHP is, as Climate Energy CEO Eric Guyer says, "an approach that's much more like the hybrid gasoline-electric automobile than an exotic automobile such as one running on fuel cells. It's a good application of available technology-nothing extraordinarily new, no new science, no new way of converting energy."
The micro-CHP setup costs a few thousand dollars more than a traditional gas furnace. Whether it is worth the extra money depends on where you live. This is because it is driven by heat demand: in the winter the generator runs as much as possible without turning off, providing heat and about half of a typical home's electricity. When you do not need heat, the power plant switches off and you buy all your electricity from the grid. And if you generate more electricity than you need-say, at night-you could sell it to the utility company.
The Climate Energy system makes the most sense if you live in one of those states where it gets very cold in the winter and you pay a lot for electricity. In that case, it can pay for itself in two years and save you US $500 a year thereafter. Otherwise, the payback period could be up to 10 years.
More than 35 U.S. states now require utilities to provide net metering, a simple way for customers to sell power to a utility using standard meters. But states decide what type of residual energy customers can pump into the grid, and so far, just 11 states allow net metering for CHP.
The main market for micro-CHP in the United States would be homes that require more than 4000 heating hours per year, according to Peter Banwell of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, who is investigating residential CHP. Banwell says roughly 30 million U.S. homes are in that bracket. Guyer notes that Climate Energy's system is especially attractive in states such as Massachusetts and Connecticut, where electricity can cost as much as 20 cents per kilowatthour and where local utilities are offering financial incentives for micro-CHP buyers.
According to John Jimison, a former executive director of the U.S. Combined Heat and Power Association, in Bethesda, Md., micro-CHP growth might be slower in North America than in Europe and Japan because many of the same homes that require a lot of heating in winter also run electricity-hungry air conditioners in the summer. The drawback of trying to use CHP in such homes is that it makes no contribution to a consumer's electricity bill during the summer, when usage is highest.
On the other hand, Jimison argues, the U.S. market has much more potential than Europe or Japan in the long term because of the country's copious power consumption, recent high fuel prices, and growing environmental awareness.
Strong incentives from major utilities and the government would help spur residential CHP in the United States, Jimison says, but traditional utilities still see home power generation as a threat. Europe and Japan offer good examples of how financial incentives can boost micro-CHP sales. In Germany, micro-CHP users do not have to pay an eco-tax that is attached to the use of natural gas, and they are paid more than the wholesale price of electricity for what they deliver to the grid. Micro-CHP users in the United Kingdom get a big discount on the natural gas tax, paying just 5 percent rather than 17.5 percent. In Japan, where consumers cannot sell electricity back to utilities, the government gives subsidies toward micro-CHP, and gas utilities also give a discounted rate to encourage people to use it. Jon Slowe, a director in Glasgow of Delta Energy and Environment, a distributed energy research and consulting firm based in the UK and Belgium, says the Japanese subsidy is "in recognition of the carbon dioxide savings" obtainable from using CHP.
"My expectation is that when it's time to replace [the furnace], they'll be putting in a micro-CHP unit" -- John Jimison
Government support for micro-CHP in the United States has been scant. The U.S. Department of Energy funded preliminary system-design research in 2004, including R&D done by one of Climate Energy's parent companies, ECR International. But there have not been enough funds to support the research in subsequent years, says Douglas F. Gyorke, a program manager at the DOE's National Energy Technology Laboratory. "It's a novel technology that I wish we could've played around with a little more," Gyorke says.
Climate Energy's Guyer says the hesitancy of the government and utilities to embrace micro-CHP is natural. "This is the case of the microcomputer versus the mainframe," he says. "There were people in the mainframe business who thought that there was no role for personal computing."
Guyer and Jimison say they expect things to be different in a few years. A typical gas furnace has a life of 15 to 20 years, Jimison notes, adding, "My expectation is that for people who are putting in a new gas furnace now, when it's time to replace that, they'll be putting in a micro-CHP unit."
4) Cornell ecologist's study finds that producing ethanol and biodiesel from corn and other crops is not worth the energy
Susan S. Long, Cornell University News Service, July 5, 2005 (annotated by DBH) http://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/July05/ethanol.toocostly.ssl.html
Turning plants such as corn, soybeans and sunflowers into fuel uses much more energy than the resulting ethanol or biodiesel generates, according to a new Cornell University and University of California-Berkeley study.
"There is just no energy benefit to using plant biomass for liquid fuel," says David Pimentel, professor of ecology and agriculture at Cornell. "These strategies are not sustainable."
Pimentel and Tad W. Patzek, professor of civil and environmental engineering at Berkeley, conducted a detailed analysis of the energy input-yield ratios of producing ethanol from corn, switch grass and wood biomass as well as for producing biodiesel from soybean and sunflower plants. Their report is published in Natural Resources Research (Vol. 14:1, 65-76).
In terms of energy output compared with energy input for ethanol production, the study found that: [In terms of USAG land = 943 million acres and half of the US annual transportation fuel usage of 140 billion US gallons - DBH]
Ø Corn requires 29 percent more fossil energy than the fuel produced [Corn would produce about 340 gallons per acre and use about 90% of our agricultural land for only 50% replacement of gasoline.],
Ø Switch grass requires 45 percent more fossil energy than the fuel produced [Switch grass would use about 12% of our agricultural land or about 116 million acres and make an estimated 1,150 gal per acre of our agricultural land]; and
Ø Wood biomass requires 57 percent more fossil energy than the fuel produced.
In terms of energy output compared with the energy input for biodiesel production, the study found that:
Ø Soybean plants require 27 percent more fossil energy than the fuel produced [Soybeans would produce about 56 gallons per acre and use about 64.4% of USAG land or about 356,398,598 acres to replace half of diesel fuel in use. The ratio of energy return to invested energy is 3.2 for soybeans compared to 2.6 with rapeseed and rapeseed would only use 37.8% of USAG land.], and
Ø Sunflower plants require 118 percent more fossil energy than the fuel produced.
[Jatropha trees are similar to an olive can produce about 200 gallons per acre and may also do so in very desolate areas, like desert sands. Additionally, Palm and coconut have an ERoEI of 8, but are limited to warm climates. Also of interest are ocean green algae that can produce over 15,000 gallons of biodiesel per acre on a sunny day.]
In assessing inputs, the researchers considered such factors as the energy used in producing the crop (including production of pesticides and fertilizer, running farm machinery and irrigating, grinding and transporting the crop) and in fermenting/distilling the ethanol from the water mix. Although additional costs are incurred, such as federal and state subsidies that are passed on to consumers and the costs associated with environmental pollution or degradation, these figures were not included in the analysis.
The United State desperately needs a liquid fuel replacement for oil in the near future," says Pimentel, "but producing ethanol or biodiesel from plant biomass is going down the wrong road, because you use more energy to produce these fuels than you get out from the combustion of these products."
Although Pimentel advocates the use of burning biomass to produce thermal energy (to heat homes, for example), he deplores the use of biomass for liquid fuel. "The government spends more than $3 billion a year to subsidize ethanol production when it does not provide a net energy balance or gain, is not a renewable energy source or an economical fuel. Further, its production and use contribute to air, water and soil pollution and global warming," Pimentel says. He points out that the vast majority of the subsidies do not go to farmers but to large ethanol-producing corporations.
"Ethanol production in the United States does not benefit the nation's energy security, its agriculture, economy or the environment," says Pimentel. "Ethanol production requires large fossil energy input, and therefore, it is contributing to oil and natural gas imports and U.S. deficits." He says the country should instead focus its efforts on producing electrical energy from photovoltaic cells, wind power and burning biomass and producing fuel from hydrogen conversion.
Cornell News Service:
Susan S. Lang, Senior Science Writer
E-Mail: SSL4@cornell.edu
Office of Press Relations
E-Mail: pressoffice@cornell.edu
5) International Energy Events Announced by the U.S. Energy Association
USEA Today, United States Energy Association, July 2, 2007, www.usea.org
July 4* REVISED *
World Energy Council modernized website launch. Visit www.worldenergy.org
July 10-12 The International Energy Agency (IEA) and the International Partnership for the Hydrogen Economy (IPHE) 2nd Workshop on "Building the Hydrogen Economy: Enabling Infrastructure Development" Paris, France
Jill Gagnon, ext. 1255 jgagnon@usea.org
July 16-20 Members from the SARI/Energy Markets Partnership meet with transmission operators, regulators and policy makers in India to understand regulatory, technical and financial mechanisms behind current Indian electricity trade practices and the impacts for cross-border trade. New Delhi, India
Tricia Williams, ext. 1258 twilliams@usea.org
July 21-28 Regional Power Markets Executive Exchange for Central Asia. Representatives from Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan will travel to the U.S. to meet with PJM, Exelon Power Team, NERC and FERC , among other organizations.
Albert Doub, ext. 1254 adoub@usea.org
July 25 Barry Worthington addresses the conference "Climate & Energy Security – Towards a Low Carbon Economy" in the session "How Utilities Can Contribute to Energy Efficiency and Energy Security." West Sussex, United Kingdom
Kim Grover, ext. 1236 kgrover@usea.org
World Energy Congress – Rome 2007 Update….
… U.S. reception will be held Monday, November 12, 2007 at the U.S. Ambassador's residence. Current Co-Sponsors are expected to be: GE, Bechtel, and Black & Veatch. Any other USEA members wishing to consider co-sponsoring should contact Barry Worthington at 202.312.1235.
… Registration is open and program updates are available at www.rome2007.it
Our Nation's Energy Partnership Program
US Energy Association, Washington DC
July 2007 Edition, USEA Today
Contact: Tel. 202-312-1230 Fax. 202-682-1682
** UPDATED ** ** UPDATED **
6) Report: Demand to Outpace Crude Oil Supplies
H. JOSEF HEBERT Jul 17, 2007 Associated Press, reported in "News You Can Use" www.ase.org
WASHINGTON - Conventional crude oil supplies won't keep up with growing global demand in the next 25 years and other fuels from ethanol to liquefied coal and oil from tar sands will be needed to close the gap, says a draft oil industry report.
The draft report by the National Petroleum Council, an advisory group to the federal government, is unusual in its emphasis on the need for a broad range of supplemental fuels and conservation to meet future petroleum needs.
The document, titled "Facing the Hard Truths about Energy," is to be approved by the 175-member council Wednesday and then presented to Energy Secretary Samuel Bodman. A copy was provided to reporters Monday.
The council is made up of a cross-section of oil industry executives and other energy experts selected by the energy secretary to advise the department. Its chairman is Lee Raymond, retired chief executive of Exxon Mobil Corp.
The report projected continued growth of conventional global crude oil production but said that it would not be enough to meet demand.
"It's a hard truth that the global supply of oil and natural gas from the conventional sources relied upon historically is unlikely to meet projected 50 to 60 percent growth in demand over the next 25 years," says the report.
Many of its details were reported Monday by The Wall Street Journal.
To bridge the supply-demand gap the report called for ramping up development of biomass fuels such as ethanol and biodiesel, liquefied coal and unconventional crude oil sources such as oil from tar sands, ultra deep water areas and shale oil.
And it says conservation will be needed if supplies are to be adequate to meet the growing demand for energy, especially in industrially developing countries such as China and India.
The report called for improvements in auto fuel economy "at the maximum rate possible" although citing no specific fuel economy increases.
Among the "hard truths" about the global energy future outlined in the report is that "an expansion of all economic energy sources will be required" to meet the demand growth.
It also cautioned that curbing carbon dioxide to address global warming will "alter the energy mix, increase energy-related costs" and will require finding ways to scale back the growth in energy demand even more.
Nevertheless, the report said, coal, oil and natural gas will remain indispensable. In 2030, those three fossil fuels will account for the same share of global energy demand, about 85 percent, as they did in 2000, the report said.
The report cited estimates by the International Energy Agency and the U.S. Energy Information Administration that projected total liquid fuel production of 116 million to 118 million barrels a day by 2030. International oil companies indicated that amount may not be achievable. Today global crude oil production is about 85 million barrels a day.
The report said production estimates varied among companies but averaged only 107 million barrels a day by 2030, suggesting there may be a struggle to meet future demand even if unconventional oil sources and other liquid fuels are taken into account.
Provided as a public service by www.IntegrityResearchInstitute.org where anyone in the world may request a FREE copy of the "Progress in Future Energy" DVD presented at the Second Conference on Future Energy and is about 30 minutes long. Along with the DVD, a copy of our latest "Future Energy" magazine and catalog will be included. Just email iri@erols.com with a postal mailing address


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Cure Violence Charlotte Implementation
CHARLOTTE, CITY OF
In 2019, more than 100 homicides occurred in Charlotte — an 80 percent increase over the previous year and the city's highest number of homicides since the early 1990s — and hospital emergency departments treated more than 4,000 Mecklenburg County residents for assault-related injuries.
In response to an increase in violent crimes and homicides in Charlotte over the course of 2019, Charlotte City Council adopted its Framework to Address Violence in March 2020. The framework is comprised of five pillars that inform policy and program development:
• Intergovernmental Collaboration
• Invest in Community-Led Efforts
• Interrupt Violence
• Community Collaboration in Priority Areas
• Use Data and Evidence
Since its adoption, staff and council have worked collaboratively with Mecklenburg County, community members, and other key stakeholders to advance initiatives that address violence and promote safety in our neighborhoods.
The City of Charlotte, Mecklenburg County and those partners have adopted a public health approach to interrupt and prevent violent crime named Alternatives to Violence (ATV).
ATV works to stop shootings and killings in the Beatties Ford/LaSalle area using a public health model with three primary strategies:
Detecting and interrupting conflicts.
Identifying and treating individuals at high risk of involvement in violence.
Changing social norms that exacerbate violence in the community
ATV team members are trusted messengers who are based in the community. These trained violence interrupters and outreach workers prevent shootings by identifying and mediating potentially violent conflicts in the community and following up to ensure that the conflict does not reignite. ATV outreach workers engage high-risk individuals, talk to them about the costs of violence, and assist them in accessing services and support, including employment. The team works within the community to send the message that violence should not be viewed as normal, but rather, a behavior that can be changed
Violence Interruption is a unique, interdisciplinary, public health approach to violence prevention and an adaptation of the Cure Violence Model (CVM). The philosophy of CVM maintains that violence is a learned behavior that can be prevented using disease control methods. Violence Interruption works primarily with high-risk youth, aged 14 to 25, through regular individual interactions, conflict mediation, and community mobilization. Using proven public health techniques, the model focuses to prevent violence through a three-prong approach:
Identification & Detection
Violence Interruption is a data-driven model. Through a combination of statistical information and street knowledge, staff identify where to concentrate efforts, focus resources, and intervene in violence. This data guides staff to communities most impacted by violence. It provides a picture of those individuals at the highest risk for violence and shows staff how to intervene.
Interruption, Intervention, & Risk Reduction
Violence Interruption staff intervene in crises, mediate disputes between individuals, and intercede in group disputes to prevent acts of violence. Staff are experienced and well-trained professionals from the communities they represent. These individuals must have credibility and strong reputations in the community. This is often due to having similar lived experience to the individuals they seek to work with. Staff understand who holds the influence in communities and who they need to engage to de-escalate situations before an act of violence occurs.
Most program participants are beyond the reach of traditional social support systems. They have dropped out of school, exhausted social services or aged out, and many have never held a legitimate job. Often these individuals next encounter with the system results in incarceration or a victim of violence.
Madison County COSSAP Initiative
Fulton County, Office of the District Attorney, home of the civil rights movement investigates cold cases
Transcending through Violence Initiative

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Available in five noble shades of black for different colour effects.
Black is absolute. Black is aesthetic. Black is strong, elegant and a little dramatic. Black buildings provoke. They are unusual and contradict viewing habits. Black facades are a statement of our time and are very trendy, because they set their very own, powerful accents. Black building surfaces appear homogeneous because window surfaces are optically integrated. Black absorbs shadows, reduces plasticity and makes volumes appear slimmer - a welcome feature in times of highly insulated buildings. Black as a timeless, yet modern colour has what it takes to establish itself as a contrast to the almost uniform use of white.
PURITY – Pure black is pitch-dark, somewhat dramatic and has a graphic effect that is hard to resist. KEIM Concretal-Black Purity - the pure power of black!
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The lyrically explosive, musically diverse, Funk Rock Hybrid with a Hip-Pop twist known as DOPESICKFLY emanate an upbeat feel good vibe. With a confidence and power they are encouraging & sing of life connecting to all ages. The bands distinctive sound and look is a result of four unique musicians coming together to create an extraordinary fusion.


text:
Q: preloading images in html5/javascript I've seen example of preloading using multiple images, however I dont know how to apply them to my situation where I only have one image and I'm swapping out frames using the src.
I have a sprite animation that I'm doing, but since there so many images I want to use, I'll have to load them before beginning.
I know the onload fires every time the src is switched and loaded.
How do I preload the images before running the timer? If I'm using "img" onload to preload, do I have to use another Image object to actually display?
<script type="text/javascript">
function init(){
    var numLabel;
    var imgNumber = 1;
    var lastImgNumber = 668;
    var canvas = document.getElementById("mycanvas");
    var context = canvas.getContext("2d");
    var img = new Image;

    img.onload = function(){
        context.clearRect(0,0,context.canvas.width,context.canvas.height);
        context.drawImage(img,0,0);
    };
    var timer = setInterval(function(){
        if(imgNumber>lastImgNumber){
        clearInterval(timer);
        }else{
        numLabel = padNum(imgNumber++,5);
        img.src = "sprite images/opt/movie"+numLabel+".jpg";
        }
    }, 1000/24);
}
function padNum(num, digits){
    var str = num + "";
    return num.length >= digits? str: padNum("0" + str, digits);
}
</script>

Edit:
I ended up with the following code. However, I think I'm going to check out that sprite sheet method mentioned below.
I basically trying to do full screen video with short clips because I've been reading video in html5 still has its problems with full screen. Also, I think I can get better quality.
<script type="text/javascript">
        var imageArray = new Array();
        var loadedImages = new Array();

        function init(){

            buildImageArray(); //Execute the function to create the array of images
            var total = imageArray.length;
            var count = 0;

            // loop through the images and load.
            while(count < total) {
                loadImage("sprite images/opt/" + imageArray[count],count);

                count++;
            }

        }

        function padNum(num, digits){
            var str = num + "";
            return num.length >= digits? str: padNum("0" + str, digits);
        }

        function buildImageArray(){
            var firstImage = 1;
            var lastImgNumber = 668;
            var numLabel;

            for(var i = firstImage; i<lastImgNumber+1;i++){
                numLabel = padNum(i,5);
                imageArray.push("movie"+numLabel+".jpg");
            }
        }

        function loadImage(imageSrc,position) {
        // actual function that loads image into DOM

        var image = new Image(); // local scope, new object created per instance.
        image.onload = function() {
            if (!image) return;

            loadedImages[position] = image.src; // record this image path as loaded in global scope
            // or... store the objects themselves so you can inject them:
            // loadedImages.push(this);

            // sample report of progress
            reportProgress();

            // remove event and self to prevent IE on animated gif loops and clear up garbage.
            image = image.onload = image.onabort = image.onerror = null;
        };

        image.src = imageSrc;
        }

         function reportProgress() {
        // used to show how many images loaded thus far and / or trigger some event you can use when done.

        // optional to show onscreen..., 'where' should be an object referencing an element in the DOM
        // to do it silently, just remove the output bits below.
        var output = "loaded ";
        output += loadedImages.length;
        output += " of ";
        output += imageArray.length;
        output += " images.";
        $("#loader").html(output);

            // this bit will fire when all images done:
            if (imageArray.length == loadedImages.length) {
                // total images onComplete. done. rewrite as you deem fit - call your main site load function from here

                // keep in mind that if 1 of your images is a 404, this function may not fire, you
                // may want to assign onerror and onabort events

                //fire beginAnimation
                beginAnimation();
            }
        }

        function beginAnimation(){
            var canvas = document.getElementById("mycanvas");
            var context = canvas.getContext("2d");
            var img = new Image;
            var imgNumber = 0;
            var lastImgNumber = 667;

            img.onload = function(){
                context.clearRect(0,0,context.canvas.width,context.canvas.height);
                context.drawImage(img,0,0);

            };
            var timer = setInterval(function(){
                if(imgNumber>lastImgNumber){

                    clearInterval(timer);

                }else{

                    img.src = loadedImages[imgNumber];
                }
                imgNumber++;

            }, 1000/20);

        }

    </script>

A: This is not the way to go about this.
If the number was smaller I'd offer a second solution but if you seriously have 668 images you need to cut waaaay down. You don't want every user (and your server) making 668 requests and you certainly don't want one IMG thats constantly swapping out the src either.
You need to make a sprite sheet. A single image that looks like this.
Use something like texturepacker to make your single-image sprite sheet: http://www.texturepacker.com/
When it comes time to draw onto the canvas you will need an array that has the x,y,width,height coordinates of each possible sprite in the larger image.
Instead of doing drawImage(img, x, y) you will use the canvas method drawImage(image, sx, sy, sw, sh, dx, dy, dw, dh).
This lets you specify the source rectangle, which will be different for each image. Specifically those arguments correspond to this:

A: here is an html5 example how load several images using knockoutjs https://github.com/mazhekin/HTML5MultiLoadImages

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Summer Film Series 2018 – "The Truth: Lost at Sea"
Tuesday | June 5 | 6:00 p.m.
* A very light snack will be served at 5:30 p.m.
** This series is co-sponsored by the Center for Contemporary Arab Studies at Georgetown University.
This film examines the Israeli attack on the 2010 Freedom Flotilla, a convoy of humanitarian ships that tried to highlight the suffering of Palestinians in Gaza and break its blockade. Rifat Audeh, one of the survivors aboard the Mavi Marmara, combines footage shot aboard the Freedom Flotilla with subsequent media coverage, to show how the dead activists and their comrades who defended their vessels were portrayed. The film reveals what really happened and how it was spun in traditional and online media outlets. Amman | 2017, 56 min.
To read about the film click here.
Rifat Audeh is an independent film producer and director.
Trump can't broker peace in the Mideast by withholding aid from Palestinians
Summer Film Series 2018 – "Coffee for All Nations"


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text:
<?php

namespace SilverStripe\Forms\Tests;

use SilverStripe\Control\HTTPRequest;
use SilverStripe\Dev\SapphireTest;
use SilverStripe\Forms\Form;
use SilverStripe\Forms\SegmentField;
use SilverStripe\Forms\SegmentFieldModifier\AbstractSegmentFieldModifier;

class SegmentFieldTest extends SapphireTest
{
    public function testSuggest()
    {
        $field = new SegmentField('Example');

        $field->setModifiers(array(
            array('array-preview', 'array-suggestion'),
            SegmentFieldTestModifier::create(),
        ));

        $encoded = $field->suggest($this->getNewRequestMock());
        $decoded = json_decode($encoded);

        $this->assertEquals('ARRAY-SUGGESTION', $decoded->suggestion);
        $this->assertEquals('array-preview', $decoded->preview);
    }

    public function testGettersAndSetters()
    {
        $field = new SegmentField('Example');

        $modifier = SegmentFieldTestModifier::create();

        $field->setModifiers(array(
            $modifier,
        ));

        $form = $this->getNewFormMock();
        $request = $this->getNewRequestMock();

        $field->setForm($form)->suggest($request);

        $modifiers = $field->getModifiers();

        $this->assertSame($modifier, $modifiers[0]);
        $this->assertSame($form, $modifiers[0]->getForm());
        $this->assertSame($field, $modifiers[0]->getField());
        $this->assertSame($request, $modifiers[0]->getRequest());
    }

    /**
     * @return HTTPRequest
     */
    protected function getNewRequestMock()
    {
        return new HTTPRequest('GET', '/');
    }

    /**
     * @return Form
     */
    protected function getNewFormMock()
    {
        return $this->getMockBuilder(Form::class)
            ->disableOriginalConstructor()
            ->setMethods(null)
            ->getMock();
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
Q: when run "npm run test" in the docker file getting No captured browser, open  I have using angular app with a docker file. I have created a docker file and see code below:
FROM node:alpine

WORKDIR /usr/raju/ang-sample

COPY package.json .

RUN npm install

COPY . .

CMD ["npm","run","test"]

Later run the following commands

*

*docker run -it 8a155f88c4c2

*docker run -it 8a155f88c4c2

Getting the following output:

Please help me any one?


text:
package org.apache.tika.server.resource;

import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_8;

import javax.mail.internet.ContentDisposition;
import javax.mail.internet.ParseException;
import javax.ws.rs.Consumes;
import javax.ws.rs.GET;
import javax.ws.rs.POST;
import javax.ws.rs.PUT;
import javax.ws.rs.Path;
import javax.ws.rs.Produces;
import javax.ws.rs.WebApplicationException;
import javax.ws.rs.core.Context;
import javax.ws.rs.core.HttpHeaders;
import javax.ws.rs.core.MultivaluedMap;
import javax.ws.rs.core.Response;
import javax.ws.rs.core.StreamingOutput;
import javax.ws.rs.core.UriInfo;
import javax.xml.transform.OutputKeys;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.transform.sax.SAXTransformerFactory;
import javax.xml.transform.sax.TransformerHandler;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.io.Writer;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;

import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
import org.apache.cxf.jaxrs.ext.multipart.Attachment;
import org.apache.poi.extractor.ExtractorFactory;
import org.apache.tika.Tika;
import org.apache.tika.config.TikaConfig;
import org.apache.tika.detect.Detector;
import org.apache.tika.exception.EncryptedDocumentException;
import org.apache.tika.metadata.Metadata;
import org.apache.tika.metadata.TikaMetadataKeys;
import org.apache.tika.mime.MediaType;
import org.apache.tika.parser.AutoDetectParser;
import org.apache.tika.parser.DigestingParser;
import org.apache.tika.parser.ParseContext;
import org.apache.tika.parser.Parser;
import org.apache.tika.parser.ParserDecorator;
import org.apache.tika.parser.PasswordProvider;
import org.apache.tika.parser.html.BoilerpipeContentHandler;
import org.apache.tika.parser.html.HtmlParser;
import org.apache.tika.parser.ocr.TesseractOCRConfig;
import org.apache.tika.parser.pdf.PDFParserConfig;
import org.apache.tika.sax.BodyContentHandler;
import org.apache.tika.sax.ExpandedTitleContentHandler;
import org.apache.tika.sax.RichTextContentHandler;
import org.apache.tika.server.InputStreamFactory;
import org.apache.tika.server.TikaServerParseException;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.xml.sax.ContentHandler;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;

@Path("/tika")
public class TikaResource {
    public static final String GREETING = "This is Tika Server (" + new Tika().toString() + "). Please PUT\n";
    public static final String X_TIKA_OCR_HEADER_PREFIX = "X-Tika-OCR";
    public static final String X_TIKA_PDF_HEADER_PREFIX = "X-Tika-PDF";

    private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(TikaResource.class);

    private static TikaConfig tikaConfig;
    private static DigestingParser.Digester digester = null;
    private static InputStreamFactory inputStreamFactory = null;

    public static void init(TikaConfig config, DigestingParser.Digester digestr,
                            InputStreamFactory iSF) {
        tikaConfig = config;
        digester = digestr;
        inputStreamFactory = iSF;
    }

    static {
        ExtractorFactory.setAllThreadsPreferEventExtractors(true);
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
    public static Parser createParser() {
        final Parser parser = new AutoDetectParser(tikaConfig);

        Map<MediaType, Parser> parsers = ((AutoDetectParser)parser).getParsers();
        parsers.put(MediaType.APPLICATION_XML, new HtmlParser());
        ((AutoDetectParser)parser).setParsers(parsers);

        ((AutoDetectParser)parser).setFallback(new Parser() {
            public Set<MediaType> getSupportedTypes(ParseContext parseContext) {
                return parser.getSupportedTypes(parseContext);
            }

            public void parse(InputStream inputStream, ContentHandler contentHandler, Metadata metadata, ParseContext parseContext) {
                throw new WebApplicationException(Response.Status.UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE);
            }
        });
        if (digester != null) {
            return new DigestingParser(parser, digester);
        }
        return parser;
    }

    public static TikaConfig getConfig() {
        return tikaConfig;
    }

    public static String detectFilename(MultivaluedMap<String, String> httpHeaders) {

        String disposition = httpHeaders.getFirst("Content-Disposition");
        if (disposition != null) {
            try {
                ContentDisposition c = new ContentDisposition(disposition);

                // only support "attachment" dispositions
                if ("attachment".equals(c.getDisposition())) {
                    String fn = c.getParameter("filename");
                    if (fn != null) {
                        return fn;
                    }
                }
            } catch (ParseException e) {
                // not a valid content-disposition field
                LOG.warn("Parse exception {} determining content disposition", e.getMessage(), e);
            }
        }

        // this really should not be used, since it's not an official field
        return httpHeaders.getFirst("File-Name");
    }

    public static void fillParseContext(ParseContext parseContext, MultivaluedMap<String, String> httpHeaders,
                                        Parser embeddedParser) {
        TesseractOCRConfig ocrConfig = new TesseractOCRConfig();
        PDFParserConfig pdfParserConfig = new PDFParserConfig();
        for (String key : httpHeaders.keySet()) {
            if (StringUtils.startsWith(key, X_TIKA_OCR_HEADER_PREFIX)) {
                processHeaderConfig(httpHeaders, ocrConfig, key, X_TIKA_OCR_HEADER_PREFIX);
            } else if (StringUtils.startsWith(key, X_TIKA_PDF_HEADER_PREFIX)) {
                processHeaderConfig(httpHeaders, pdfParserConfig, key, X_TIKA_PDF_HEADER_PREFIX);
            }
        }
        parseContext.set(TesseractOCRConfig.class, ocrConfig);
        parseContext.set(PDFParserConfig.class, pdfParserConfig);
        if (embeddedParser != null) {
            parseContext.set(Parser.class, embeddedParser);
        }
    }

    public static InputStream getInputStream(InputStream is, HttpHeaders headers) {
        try {
            return inputStreamFactory.getInputSteam(is, headers);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new TikaServerParseException(e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Utility method to set a property on a class via reflection.
     *
     * @param httpHeaders the HTTP headers set.
     * @param object      the Object to set the property on.
     * @param key         the key of the HTTP Header.
     * @param prefix      the name of the HTTP Header prefix used to find property.
     * @throws WebApplicationException thrown when field cannot be found.
     */
    private static void processHeaderConfig(MultivaluedMap<String, String> httpHeaders, Object object, String key, String prefix) {
        try {
            String property = StringUtils.removeStart(key, prefix);
            Field field = object.getClass().getDeclaredField(StringUtils.uncapitalize(property));

            field.setAccessible(true);
            if (field.getType() == String.class) {
                field.set(object, httpHeaders.getFirst(key));
            } else if (field.getType() == int.class) {
                field.setInt(object, Integer.parseInt(httpHeaders.getFirst(key)));
            } else if (field.getType() == double.class) {
                field.setDouble(object, Double.parseDouble(httpHeaders.getFirst(key)));
            } else if (field.getType() == boolean.class) {
                field.setBoolean(object, Boolean.parseBoolean(httpHeaders.getFirst(key)));
            } else {
                //couldn't find a directly accessible field
                //try for setX(String s)
                String setter = StringUtils.uncapitalize(property);
                setter = "set"+setter.substring(0,1).toUpperCase(Locale.US)+setter.substring(1);
                Method m = null;
                try {
                    m = object.getClass().getMethod(setter, String.class);
                } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
                    //swallow
                }
                if (m != null) {
                    m.invoke(object, httpHeaders.getFirst(key));
                }
            }
        } catch (Throwable ex) {
            throw new WebApplicationException(String.format(Locale.ROOT,
                    "%s is an invalid %s header", key, X_TIKA_OCR_HEADER_PREFIX));
        }
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
    public static void fillMetadata(Parser parser, Metadata metadata, ParseContext context, MultivaluedMap<String, String> httpHeaders) {
        String fileName = detectFilename(httpHeaders);
        if (fileName != null) {
            metadata.set(TikaMetadataKeys.RESOURCE_NAME_KEY, fileName);
        }

        String contentTypeHeader = httpHeaders.getFirst(HttpHeaders.CONTENT_TYPE);
        javax.ws.rs.core.MediaType mediaType = contentTypeHeader == null ? null
                : javax.ws.rs.core.MediaType.valueOf(contentTypeHeader);
        if (mediaType != null && "xml".equals(mediaType.getSubtype())) {
            mediaType = null;
        }

        if (mediaType != null && mediaType.equals(javax.ws.rs.core.MediaType.APPLICATION_OCTET_STREAM_TYPE)) {
            mediaType = null;
        }

        if (mediaType != null) {
            metadata.add(org.apache.tika.metadata.HttpHeaders.CONTENT_TYPE, mediaType.toString());

            final Detector detector = getDetector(parser);

            setDetector(parser, new Detector() {
                public MediaType detect(InputStream inputStream, Metadata metadata) throws IOException {
                    String ct = metadata.get(org.apache.tika.metadata.HttpHeaders.CONTENT_TYPE);
                    //make sure never to return null -- TIKA-1845
                    MediaType type = null;
                    if (ct != null) {
                        //this can return null if ct is not a valid mime type
                        type = MediaType.parse(ct);
                    }
                    if (type != null) {
                        return type;
                    } else {
                        return detector.detect(inputStream, metadata);
                    }
                }
            });
        }

        final String password = httpHeaders.getFirst("Password");
        if (password != null) {
            context.set(PasswordProvider.class, new PasswordProvider() {
                @Override
                public String getPassword(Metadata metadata) {
                    return password;
                }
            });
        }
    }

    public static void setDetector(Parser p, Detector detector) {
        AutoDetectParser adp = getAutoDetectParser(p);
        adp.setDetector(detector);
    }

    public static Detector getDetector(Parser p) {
        AutoDetectParser adp = getAutoDetectParser(p);
        return adp.getDetector();
    }

    private static AutoDetectParser getAutoDetectParser(Parser p) {
        //bit stinky
        if (p instanceof AutoDetectParser) {
            return (AutoDetectParser)p;
        } else if (p instanceof ParserDecorator) {
            Parser wrapped = ((ParserDecorator)p).getWrappedParser();
            if (wrapped instanceof AutoDetectParser) {
                return (AutoDetectParser)wrapped;
            }
            throw new RuntimeException("Couldn't find AutoDetectParser within: "+wrapped.getClass());

        }
        throw new RuntimeException("Couldn't find AutoDetectParser within: "+p.getClass());

    }

    /**
     * Use this to call a parser and unify exception handling.
     * NOTE: This call to parse closes the InputStream. DO NOT surround
     * the call in an auto-close block.
     *
     * @param parser parser to use
     * @param logger logger to use
     * @param path file path
     * @param inputStream inputStream (which is closed by this call!)
     * @param handler handler to use
     * @param metadata metadata
     * @param parseContext parse context
     * @throws IOException wrapper for all exceptions
     */
    public static void parse(Parser parser, Logger logger, String path, InputStream inputStream,
                             ContentHandler handler, Metadata metadata, ParseContext parseContext) throws IOException {
        try {
            parser.parse(inputStream, handler, metadata, parseContext);
        } catch (SAXException e) {
            throw new TikaServerParseException(e);
        } catch (EncryptedDocumentException e) {
            logger.warn("{}: Encrypted document", path, e);
            throw new TikaServerParseException(e);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            logger.warn("{}: Text extraction failed", path, e);
            throw new TikaServerParseException(e);
        }
    }

    public static void logRequest(Logger logger, UriInfo info, Metadata metadata) {
        if (metadata.get(org.apache.tika.metadata.HttpHeaders.CONTENT_TYPE) == null) {
            logger.info("{} (autodetecting type)", info.getPath());
        } else {
            logger.info("{} ({})", info.getPath(), metadata.get(org.apache.tika.metadata.HttpHeaders.CONTENT_TYPE));
        }
    }

    @GET
    @Produces("text/plain")
    public String getMessage() {
        return GREETING;
    }

    @POST
    @Consumes("multipart/form-data")
    @Produces("text/plain")
    @Path("form")
    public StreamingOutput getTextFromMultipart(Attachment att, @Context final UriInfo info) {
        return produceText(att.getObject(InputStream.class), att.getHeaders(), info);
    }

    //this is equivalent to text-main in tika-app
    @PUT
    @Consumes("*/*")
    @Produces("text/plain")
    @Path("main")
    public StreamingOutput getTextMain(final InputStream is, @Context HttpHeaders httpHeaders, @Context final UriInfo info) {
        return produceTextMain(is, httpHeaders.getRequestHeaders(), info);
    }

    //this is equivalent to text-main (Boilerpipe handler) in tika-app
    @POST
    @Consumes("multipart/form-data")
    @Produces("text/plain")
    @Path("form/main")
    public StreamingOutput getTextMainFromMultipart(final Attachment att, @Context final UriInfo info) {
        return produceTextMain(att.getObject(InputStream.class), att.getHeaders(), info);
    }

    public StreamingOutput produceTextMain(final InputStream is, @Context MultivaluedMap<String, String> httpHeaders, @Context final UriInfo info) {
        final Parser parser = createParser();
        final Metadata metadata = new Metadata();
        final ParseContext context = new ParseContext();

        fillMetadata(parser, metadata, context, httpHeaders);
        fillParseContext(context, httpHeaders, parser);

        logRequest(LOG, info, metadata);

        return new StreamingOutput() {
            public void write(OutputStream outputStream) throws IOException, WebApplicationException {
                Writer writer = new OutputStreamWriter(outputStream, UTF_8);

                ContentHandler handler = new BoilerpipeContentHandler(writer);

                parse(parser, LOG, info.getPath(), is, handler, metadata, context);
            }
        };
    }

    @PUT
    @Consumes("*/*")
    @Produces("text/plain")
    public StreamingOutput getText(final InputStream is, @Context HttpHeaders httpHeaders, @Context final UriInfo info) {
        return produceText(getInputStream(is, httpHeaders), httpHeaders.getRequestHeaders(), info);
    }

    public StreamingOutput produceText(final InputStream is, MultivaluedMap<String, String> httpHeaders, final UriInfo info) {
        final Parser parser = createParser();
        final Metadata metadata = new Metadata();
        final ParseContext context = new ParseContext();

        fillMetadata(parser, metadata, context, httpHeaders);
        fillParseContext(context, httpHeaders, parser);

        logRequest(LOG, info, metadata);

        return new StreamingOutput() {
            public void write(OutputStream outputStream) throws IOException, WebApplicationException {
                Writer writer = new OutputStreamWriter(outputStream, UTF_8);

                BodyContentHandler body = new BodyContentHandler(new RichTextContentHandler(writer));

                parse(parser, LOG, info.getPath(), is, body, metadata, context);
            }
        };
    }

    @POST
    @Consumes("multipart/form-data")
    @Produces("text/html")
    @Path("form")
    public StreamingOutput getHTMLFromMultipart(Attachment att, @Context final UriInfo info) {
        return produceOutput(att.getObject(InputStream.class), att.getHeaders(), info, "html");
    }

    @PUT
    @Consumes("*/*")
    @Produces("text/html")
    public StreamingOutput getHTML(final InputStream is, @Context HttpHeaders httpHeaders, @Context final UriInfo info) {
        return produceOutput(getInputStream(is, httpHeaders), httpHeaders.getRequestHeaders(), info, "html");
    }

    @POST
    @Consumes("multipart/form-data")
    @Produces("text/xml")
    @Path("form")
    public StreamingOutput getXMLFromMultipart(Attachment att, @Context final UriInfo info) {
        return produceOutput(att.getObject(InputStream.class), att.getHeaders(), info, "xml");
    }

    @PUT
    @Consumes("*/*")
    @Produces("text/xml")
    public StreamingOutput getXML(final InputStream is, @Context HttpHeaders httpHeaders, @Context final UriInfo info) {
        return produceOutput(getInputStream(is, httpHeaders), httpHeaders.getRequestHeaders(), info, "xml");
    }

    private StreamingOutput produceOutput(final InputStream is, final MultivaluedMap<String, String> httpHeaders,
                                          final UriInfo info, final String format) {
        final Parser parser = createParser();
        final Metadata metadata = new Metadata();
        final ParseContext context = new ParseContext();

        fillMetadata(parser, metadata, context, httpHeaders);
        fillParseContext(context, httpHeaders, parser);

        logRequest(LOG, info, metadata);

        return new StreamingOutput() {
            public void write(OutputStream outputStream)
                    throws IOException, WebApplicationException {
                Writer writer = new OutputStreamWriter(outputStream, UTF_8);
                ContentHandler content;

                try {
                    SAXTransformerFactory factory = (SAXTransformerFactory) SAXTransformerFactory.newInstance();
                    TransformerHandler handler = factory.newTransformerHandler();
                    handler.getTransformer().setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.METHOD, format);
                    handler.getTransformer().setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.INDENT, "yes");
                    handler.getTransformer().setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.ENCODING, UTF_8.name());
                    handler.setResult(new StreamResult(writer));
                    content = new ExpandedTitleContentHandler(handler);
                } catch (TransformerConfigurationException e) {
                    throw new WebApplicationException(e);
                }

                parse(parser, LOG, info.getPath(), is, content, metadata, context);
            }
        };
    }
}


PTE or Pearson's Test of English is a very famous test which has been used since a long time to measure the performances of foreign students who are trying to pursue further studies in the native English-speaking countries. In simpler words it is a test taken students who aim to pursue further studies in foreign countries who speak English natively. There are various benefits that we get from taking PTE exam. One of the obvious benefits is that you can easily get admitted to any good university in the foreign countries such s London university, Harvard University, Columbia university etc. Hence it becomes very important that you can get a good score in the exam. Therefore, here are some tips to help you in PTE exam Preparation.
Since this is an exam taken by non-native English speakers it might be tough for some of the students. However, the format of the exam has been designed in such a manner that they are able to get a good score with proper preparation. As you know that the language of English is not as easy as it seems there are various that we need to know so that we can speak in correct grammar. This knowledge of correct grammar will come to use only with practice and if and only if we make sure to do some reading on a regular basis. Therefore, based on these regular practices here are some common tips for PTE exam preparation which will help you in clearing the exam.
Reach on time – Since the exam is not something which everyone takes hence it is possible that you might be staying far away from the centre. In such cases it is best advised if you can arrive at the centre way before time so that you have time to gather your wits and also give your exam peacefully rather than just rushing in and making a mistake while filling up your information.
Writing section tips – This is a section in which most of the non-native speakers are confident. However, you may find that most of them make minor mistakes which they might not be able to comprehend or identify as mistakes. One of the most common mistakes which are made by them is that they tend to repeat words frequently and hence this shows that they do not have a lot of words in their vocabulary which turns out be in their disadvantage once the answer scripts have been sent for evaluation. It is also said that it is best if the words have been rephrased in a fashionable manner. Hence keeping in mind to not repeat words is a common tip to be kept in mind while PTE exam preparation.
MCQ Test – This is a scary section where most people loose marks because they do not pay attention to the proper highlighting of the answers which in turns causes the answers to be read as invalid. Hence it is important that you carry a dark HB pencil in order to ensure that you can easily highlight the answer without making a mess in the paper. This is a very important aspect of PTE exam preparation which is often overlooked.
So, these are just some general tips which can be followed for the PTE exam preparation. There are other advanced things such as practising test papers and paying attention to your colloquial skills as well as pronunciations. It is advised during the speaking test that you move on if you have accidentally made a mistake. Do not linger on the same for long.
How Would You Secure Your Workers During Rail Work?
I am Lauren Bracy, a qualified blogger. Here you can see my skills which gives you small ideas on understanding all the concepts with different themes. I love to write blog on different topics, like: Home Improvement, Automotive, Business, Health, Lifestyle, Pet, etc.
What Is The Best Way To Do Roof Repairs?
How to Paint Marine Plywood Surface Properly?


text:
import string
import lxml.html
import lxml.etree
from mitmproxy import contentviews
from netlib import strutils

class ViewPigLatin(contentviews.View):
    name = "pig_latin_HTML"
    prompt = ("pig latin HTML", "l")
    content_types = ["text/html"]

    def __call__(self, data, **metadata):
        if strutils.is_xml(data):
            parser = lxml.etree.HTMLParser(
                strip_cdata=True,
                remove_blank_text=True
            )
            d = lxml.html.fromstring(data, parser=parser)
            docinfo = d.getroottree().docinfo

            def piglify(src):
                words = src.split()
                ret = ''
                for word in words:
                    idx = -1
                    while word[idx] in string.punctuation and (idx * -1) != len(word):
                        idx -= 1
                    if word[0].lower() in 'aeiou':
                        if idx == -1:
                            ret += word[0:] + "hay"
                        else:
                            ret += word[0:len(word) + idx + 1] + "hay" + word[idx + 1:]
                    else:
                        if idx == -1:
                            ret += word[1:] + word[0] + "ay"
                        else:
                            ret += word[1:len(word) + idx + 1] + word[0] + "ay" + word[idx + 1:]
                    ret += ' '
                return ret.strip()

            def recurse(root):
                if hasattr(root, 'text') and root.text:
                    root.text = piglify(root.text)
                if hasattr(root, 'tail') and root.tail:
                    root.tail = piglify(root.tail)

                if len(root):
                    for child in root:
                        recurse(child)

            recurse(d)

            s = lxml.etree.tostring(
                d,
                pretty_print=True,
                doctype=docinfo.doctype
            )
            return "HTML", contentviews.format_text(s)

pig_view = ViewPigLatin()

def start():
    contentviews.add(pig_view)

def done():
    contentviews.remove(pig_view)


We wanted to have a different type of rescue where the dogs did not sit in small cages in a separate building far away and alone overnight. Instead, we wanted the dogs to be in a home environment, either in a foster home or with us, where they are allowed to run and play and exercise outside and feel the sun on their faces and grass under their feet several times per day. Dogs are social pack animals and need this. In order for them to successfully thrive psychologically, dogs need to see, hear, touch, play and interact with each other. This is why our dogs are in a highly social environment allowing them to play and interact with each other.
In addition to the customized friendly pyschological training we give our dogs in which the dogs naturally want to please and obey, all our dogs receive socialization with people and with other animals, as well as potty training, basic obedience training and leash training. Every dog is on an individual grooming schedule and are groomed in many different poodle styles ranging from fluffy body, face, and feet, to closely clipped body, face, and feet, to a combination of various customized styles. Dogs stay loose in the kennel and while outside under our supervision and when they are sleeping, eating, napping, or when we have visitors, for everyone's safety, they are in their individual roomy kennels. We have been practicing this philosophy since 2009 and have been very successful in creating happy, trained and well rounded dogs…………..as our many adopters and repeat adopters testimonials will show.


Plymouth Argyle are still nowhere near their best despite a five-match unbeaten run, according to centre-back Sonny Bradley.
The Pilgrims continued their improved recent results with a 1-0 victory over Grimsby Town in the FA Cup at Home Park on Saturday.
Graham Carey scored his fourth goal of the season with a superb left-foot strike which sent Argyle into the second round.
Bradley said: "We have had to work hard to find the shape with the players that we have to get results.
"I think now it's starting to come together. As players, we always believed it would.
"I still don't think we are nowhere near our best. We can jump up a couple of gears and become an even better team.
"When we do, we won't be bottom of the league," added the Pilgrims' defender.
Argyle remain at the bottom of League One, with only 11 points from 16 games.
But there is increasing optimism around Home Park that the Pilgrims can start to climb out of relegation trouble.
Bradley believes the return of striker Ryan Taylor, who has started training after recovering from a broken ankle, will be a big boost.
Taylor will give Argyle the attacking focal point to build their play around and the ability to take the game to the opposition more.
Bradley said: "Do we want to attack more and play more positive? Yes, of course we do.
"You have got to look at what we have got and how we are going to play.
"We can't just play off the cuff. Ryan Taylor has trained this week and I think once he comes back in we are looking even better.
Bradley continued: "We have played against good opposition this season and tried to match up at times.
"We have come up a little bit short and we haven't been getting results.
"Where we are in the league, we have to find a way to start getting the points so we have gone a little bit more defensive.
"It has helped us pick up some good results and now we are right back in the mix.
Carey was an outstanding attacking force for Argyle against Grimsby.
Not only did he score with a fine left-foot finish in the ninth minute, he went close to scoring again on a couple of occasions before the interval.
Bradley said: "I think in the first half Graham Carey was just Graham Carey.
"When he turns it on he's unplayable. He scored one and maybe could have had two or three.
"Joel (Grant) and Jake (Jervis) could have had one each, but it wasn't to be.
"We wanted the second goal but it was important for us to keep a clean sheet and win the game.
"I think it got to about 75 minutes and we realised that we weren't going to score, and we kind of shut up shop.
"We did that a lot last season. We would go a goal in front and then that would be it."


text:
package org.apache.nifi.controller.repository.io;

import org.apache.nifi.controller.repository.io.LimitedInputStream;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;

import org.apache.nifi.io.ByteArrayInputStream;

import org.junit.Test;

public class TestLimitedOutputStream {

    @Test
    public void testSingleByteRead() throws IOException {
        final byte[] data = new byte[]{0x0, 0x1, 0x2, 0x3, 0x4, 0x5, 0x6};
        final InputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(data);

        final LimitedInputStream lis = new LimitedInputStream(bais, 4);
        assertEquals(0, lis.read());
        assertEquals(1, lis.read());
        assertEquals(2, lis.read());
        assertEquals(3, lis.read());
        assertEquals(-1, lis.read());
    }

    @Test
    public void testByteArrayRead() throws IOException {
        final byte[] data = new byte[]{0x0, 0x1, 0x2, 0x3, 0x4, 0x5, 0x6};
        final InputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(data);

        final byte[] buffer = new byte[8];

        final LimitedInputStream lis = new LimitedInputStream(bais, 4);
        final int len = lis.read(buffer);
        assertEquals(4, len);
        assertEquals(-1, lis.read(buffer));

        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
            assertEquals(i, buffer[i]);
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void testByteArrayReadWithRange() throws IOException {
        final byte[] data = new byte[]{0x0, 0x1, 0x2, 0x3, 0x4, 0x5, 0x6};
        final InputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(data);

        final byte[] buffer = new byte[12];

        final LimitedInputStream lis = new LimitedInputStream(bais, 4);
        final int len = lis.read(buffer, 4, 12);
        assertEquals(4, len);
        assertEquals(-1, lis.read(buffer));

        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
            assertEquals(i, buffer[i + 4]);
        }
    }
}


After a wonderful week attending the Skoll World Forum and an impromptu TEDx session, I spent a week in limbo! I was then stranded in London for a while, and just made it back to New York. However, got to connect with wonderful folks so a blessing in many ways (and London wasn't bad either).
After spending a few learning-filled years at McKinsey, I recently decided to move on. Hard to put into words the gratefulness for the experience. Of course, the rigor and difficulty that led to the crazy hours and intensity were there, but at the same time there was much to be learned and wonderful people all along the way. Might share a longer post on my experiences at the organization, but more time needs to pass before I'd be able to have a holistic perspective.
I next will be joining Armonia, a venture capital firm in the nascent field of "impact investing." Impact investing is really interesting – it's basically the idea that society can use capital markets to promote social & environmental benefit (in addition to financial benefit). So, just like any VC firm, the job here is to look for great ideas that can generate financial returns, but that's only 1 part of 3. If you've heard the term "social entrepreneur", you're familiar with impact investing, because those are the folks that are being invested in. The Monitor Group put out a really great report on this a little while back.
However, even with all of this, there's a hole. A lot of times, if someone has a great idea that serves people in a town or a few villages, it's hard to get more money to do it in other places unless there's some possibility of financial return for the people putting in the money. That's where social entrepreneurs come in. They create businesses that generate financial return (above 0%) for at least a portion of their investors, thus keeping money coming in and quickly scaling the idea to reach more people in need.
This is why orgs such as Grameen Bank or Kiva thrive. They seek to help people en masse, in fact, that is the reason for their existence, but they do it by attracting the money of the masses. There are TONS of people who would give to a good cause if it actually generated money on top of it. All of this has been in the public sphere since Bill Drayton started Ashoka in the early 80's, but after Muhammed Yunus won the Nobel Prize a few years ago, it really got a boost.
One of the bigger reasons I'm grateful for joining Armonia specifically is its belief in the patient capital model. Traditionally, investors come in, get their financial returns, then leave. This doesn't work well if you have an entrepreneur who has a really promising idea but would take a little while to develop it. Investors don't have the time, so they don't bother investing. If this is a social entrepreneur, the world has potentially lost out on a solution that could serve many people. Patient capital recognizes this hole and solves it by not looking at financial returns in a short-term mindset (this is practiced famously by Acumen Fund).


Explore some of the most unique parts of Bangkok.
Immerse yourself in ancient temples and timeless landmarks.
Experience endless culture in one of Bangkok's youngest districts.
Unwind at one of the city's most thriving and diverse areas.


We would value the opportunity to serve you in all of your real estate needs!
What a great time to buy!
Plenty of homes with reasonable prices are available, this may be the ideal time for you to buy your first home or maybe even an investment home. Here are a few of our listings. They are all great opportunities of ownership. Not quite what you are looking for? We have access to every house that is for sale and would love to find the right home for you!
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