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Home News YouTube Will Run Back-to-Back 'Ad Pods' Before Videos to Reduce Interruptions
YouTube Will Run Back-to-Back 'Ad Pods' Before Videos to Reduce Interruptions
Beebom Staff -
Beebom Staff
YouTube has finally realized that fewer ads are better for a more immersive user experience, and also lead to fewer viewer dropouts from the video. The company will launch 'Ad Pods' or back-to-back commercials before a video begins to boost visibility metrics for the ad and also decrease user attrition mid-video due to multiple ad breaks.
"Our recent user experience research suggests that in addition to factors such as the length of ads, viewers are quite sensitive to the frequency of ad breaks, especially during longer viewing sessions." Khushbu Rathi Product Manager for Video Ads at Google, wrote.
The idea is that the double-header ads will result in up to 40 percent fewer interruptions through the video in the session. YouTube has conducted experiments that have turned out promising results in this area. It has shown an 8-11 percent increase in unique reach and a 5-10 percent increase in frequency for advertisers.
Ad pods are coming to the desktop version i.e. YouTube.com first. Based on user feedback and other factors, it will be rolled out to the mobile app and mobile website, followed by TV version of YouTube.
Interestingly, TV screens are a big growth area for YouTube these days. On average, users watch over 180 million hours of YouTube on TV every day, Google says. Last month, it introduced the TV screen as a device type for Google advertisers hoping to tap into this market, and letting them customize ads for the TV screen.
In the past year, YouTube has faced huge criticism over its ad business – with everything from monetization on controversial videos to inappropriate ads before videos aimed at kids. It has definitely put off some brands, who may now see greater value in spending ad dollars on YouTube. Of course, ad pods sound great at this moment, but having to watch two ads before getting to a video could also have other effects on session time and views, especially outside the experiment phase. So it's not guaranteed to be a success.


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We are near the village of Goldhanger which is on the B1026 between Heybridge (near Maldon) and Tolleshunt D'Arcy.
If you come from Colchester leave on the Layer Road and keep going.
You will eventually (about 15 mins) come to a T junction where you turn right.
Keep going and you will reach the village of Tolleshunt D'Arcy.
Go through D'Arcy and you are now on the B1026 towards Goldhanger.
On the B1026, you will go past a small sewage treatment plant on your left, past a farm track also on your left then, as the road rises a little, there is a farm track on the left. It is quite a sharp turn because the road bears right, you need to turn down this track.
It is called Joyces Chase and there is a board telling you this about 20 yards down the track.
We are one mile down this track.
Keep going and when the track splits, you need to go left to Lauriston.
Our yard is another 1/4 mile down the track.


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Country Spotlight: Mexico
November 20, 2019 Global Basecamps
Category Mexico, Travel Tips, Trip Planning, North America, Pyramids, Country Spotlight, UNESCO World Heritage Sites
By many measures, Mexico remains one of the most underappreciated countries for travelers seeking cross-cultural and enriching experiences in the Western Hemisphere, if not the world! Though it adjoins the southern border of the United States, Mexico remains a world away and invites us to visit, learn and expand our paradigm about this amazing country. A melting pot of numerous indigenous cultures and colonial history, amazing landscapes and fascinating biodiversity, and wonderful cuisine and arts, Mexico is the gem next door!
The country of Mexico has several geographic regions along its Pacific and Caribbean coastlines that cover its 32 state entities:
The drylands of the north: states like Baja California, Chihuahua and Coahuila
The mountainous interior and west coast: states like the Distrito Federal (Mexico City), Jalisco, and Oaxaca along the Sierra Madre mountain ranges
The humid lowlands of the east coast: states like Campeche and Yucatan
Mexico City is the nation's capital, located in an ancient dry lakebed near the Aztec Empire capital known as Teotihuacan. Also known as D.F. for Distrito Federal ("Federal District") or CDMX, Mexico City is like the U.S.A.'s Washington DC in that it's run as its own special department. A sprawling megalopolis, its area population of over 20 million dwells at an altitude of 7,350' amongst modern skyscrapers and classical colonial architecture.
Far to the south, San Cristobal de las Casas and Palenque in Chiapas lie nearly in Guatemala and feature both colonial and Maya architecture and culture, complementing the Riviera Maya ruins of Tulum along the Caribbean coast that are often part of a Mexico vacation.
Cultures, Languages and Belief Systems
The First Nations of the Mayas and Aztecs began being colonized by Spain beginning in the 16th century, and Spanish has become the national language of Mexico and much of the rest of Latin America and the Caribbean. However, Mexico retains over 60 indigenous languages, among the highest per land area of any country in the Western Hemisphere! Also as far as the Western Hemisphere is concerned, Mexico has the most UNESCO World Heritage Sites of any country on this half of the planet, and the 7th most of any country!
Though there are pockets where traditional beliefs remain, the majority of the country professes Christianity as their religion, with Catholicism being predominant.
There are a number of culinary regions of Mexico, with each relfecting the agriculture and tastes of the country. Of course, the tacos are not to be missed, but neither should you neglect the corn pozole and elote, enchiladas, the chile-based chilaquiles and many other traditional eats. One highlight beverage experience is the UNESCO World Heritage Sites tequila factory infrastructure in Jalisco - enjoy yourself, and tour responsibly!
Mexico is considered a megadiverse country in terms of biodiversity which thrives in a variety of environments. The Baja California Sur area boasts rocky deserts and palm-studded canyons and oases, with incredible diving and snorkeling in the gin-clear waters of the Sea of Cortez which Jacques Cousteau called "The Aquarium of the World". While the highest point of Pico de Orizaba/Citlaltépetl lies in the state of Veracruz, the wondrous diversity of Jalisco features the dramatic and sometimes snow capped Nevado de Colima volcano, still active at times! From cenote sinkholes to verdant rainforests teeming with wildlife, natural wonders abound in this country and can be a true highlight of Mexico tours.
Arts, Music and Traditional Dress
The various handcrafts and dress of the traditional cultures of Mexico are examples of the some of the finest and most authentic art travelers will encounter in the country, though many fine museums also offer a more European-oriented experience as well. The musical traditions in Mexico are also many, from the mariachis of Jalisco to the cumbia of Colombia which has been enthusiastically adopted as their own.
Mexico is a country so massive in its cultural diversity that it must be experienced firsthand. Contact one of our travel specialists today to start planning your Mexico tour today!
Tags: Mexico, Travel Tips, Trip Planning, North America, Pyramids, Country Spotlight, UNESCO World Heritage Sites

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Whether an employer or former employee, Genesis strongly encourages you to hire legal counsel for unemployment benefit appeals. Statistics confirm represented parties are significantly more likely to win such appeals. Contact Genesis for an employment law attorney in Everett (Snohomish County). Cost-saving technologies allow Genesis to represent clients for less per hour yet without sacrificing attorney work quality. Free Mandarin Chinese interpretation available upon request.


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Home » Sports » Basketball » FIBA » Euphoria in Doha?: Gilas seeks crucial win against Qatar
Euphoria in Doha?: Gilas seeks crucial win against Qatar
February 21, 2019 | Filed under: FIBA,Sports | Posted by: Rafael Bandayrel
Gilas Pilipinas 12 against Qatar for the FIBA World Cup qualifiers on Feb. 22, 2019. (SBP photo)
By Waylon Galvez
Game Thursday
(Al Gharafa Sports Club Multi Purpose Hall, Doha, Qatar)
7 p.m. – Philippines vs Qatar
DOHA, Qatar – Just like the last time Gilas Pilipinas played Qatar, national team mentor Yeng Guiao expects a wild finish as the Philippines aims for a crucial win in the sixth and last window of the FIBA World Cup qualifiers Thursday evening at the Al Gharafa Sports Club Multi Purpose Hall here.
The national team needed a big fourth quarter run against the host team as it scored a nerve-wrecking 92-81 win last Sept.17, and Guiao said things will be the same in this game.
"Tinalo natin 'to pero pahirapan 'to," said Guiao a day before the Gilas game versus Qatar. (We beat them, but it's going to be a tough game.)
The game between the Philippines and Qatar is 7 at p.m. Thursday here, Friday midnight in Manila.
The national team is currently at fourth spot with a 5-5 record in Group F behind Australia (9-1), Iran (7-3) and Japan (6-4). At fifth place is Kazakhstan (4-6), while Qatar is at sixth spot (2-8).
A setback to Qatar will give the Philippines a 50-50 chance to make it to this year's FIBA World Cup in China. Gilas will face Kazakhstan in another crucial encounter in Astana on Sunday.
Guiao said that players are aware of this situation.
"In my talks (to the team), I don't even try to emphasize the urgency. Sa akin, alam mo naman na e," said Guiao. (For me they already know.) "It'll just add unecessarry pressure."
One thing going for the national team for the two games in this last window of qualifiers is the presence of naturalized player Andray Blatche, who has been added to the roster after serving a three-game suspension handed by FIBA and not being included in the game against Iran last December.
Guiao said that the 6-foot-10 Blatche is adjusting well on and off the court, a good sign when it comes to chemistry and playing under a new system – his system since this is the first time he'll be coaching Blatche.
"It's a pleasant surprise for me – since this is the first time that I'm coaching him, and I personally don't know him – that he genuinely likes his teammates, and his teammates genuinely likes him," said Guiao.
"The on court chemistry became natural," said Guiao, adding that the presence of Overseas Filipinos Workers expected to watch the game will somehow give them 'home court' feel against the home team.
The national team arrived here in the capital city of Qatar last Saturday and has been preparing for this important encounter since Sunday by doing twice-a-day practice session.
With veteran center Raymond Almazan still recovering from a left sprained ankle sustained during Sunday night's practice session, and with Roger Pogoy serving his last suspension from a five-game ban imposed by FIBA for his role in a fracas with Australia last year, Guiao said it was a no-brainer to add college star Thirdy Ravena on the roster.
Guiao said that Ravena has been performing well during practice, and he actually has a shot of making the final 12, but the injury of Almazan made it "automatic" for the coaching staff to finalize the roster.
"He provides a role for us, he's defensive stopper. He's a defensive option on the scorers on the other side. He can also be a threat on offense, but his main role is to defend," said Guiao.
The other members of the Gilas pool are June Mar Fajardo, Paul Lee, Mark Barroca, Jayson Castro, Scottie Thompson, Poy Erram, Marcio Lassiter, Gabe Norwood, Troy Rosario and Japeth Aguilar.


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The Gay Agenda: July 2009
Staff Reporters Send an email July 1, 2009
Road Trip. The hysterical Kathy Griffin returns to Texas, but this time you'll have to go to Austin to see her. July 9, 8 p.m. The Long Center for the Performing Arts, 701 W Riverside Dr. thelongcenter.org • 512/320-0519.
Bow Wow. Slinging hinty lyrics like "16 and the woman down the street has invited him to come inside. The first time, it didn't feel right; it'll be the last time he tries," Aussie rockers Sick Puppies bring their summer tour to Houston. July 18, 7 p.m. House of Blues, 1204 Caroline St. houseofblues.com • 713/652-5837.
Minty Fresh. Who will be crowned the next Miss, Ms. and Mr. Mint Julep(s)? Local drag performers in hopes of claiming a prize sash perform alongside Shy Anne, Ginger Grant, Holly Redwood, former Mint Julep winners, and members of the Krewe of Olympus and ERISICSS. Benefits Legacy Community Health Services. July 19, 2 p.m. Brazos River Bottom, 2400 Brazos St. 713/830-3015 • legacycommunityhealth.org.
Remembering Our Friends. The annual Bering Omega memorial service honors and remembers all those Bering Omega has cared for who have passed away in the last year. July 25, 2 p.m. Covenant Baptist Church, 4949 Caroline St. R.S.V.P. requested by July 18. 713/341-3782.
Speaking of Austin. Tori Amos continues her summer tour in support of her recent released CD, Abnormally Attracted to Sin. July 25, 8 p.m. The Long Center for the Performing Arts, 701 W Riverside Dr. toriamos.com • 512/320-0519.
Kindred Splash. The women of Kindred Spirits scoff at the heat by throwing a summer bash complete with a kiddie pool, a dunking pool, margarita-flavored sno-cones, live entertainment, munchies, and more. Advance tickets to Kindred Spirits' annual celebration and dance (scheduled August 15 at Demers Russian Community Center) are also available at that time. July 26, 4 p.m. Chances Bar, 1100 Westheimer Rd. 713/523-7217 • kindredspiritshouston.org.
Major Road Trip. Lesbians and their female friends from all over the world migrate north for the mother of all women's festivals offering six solid days of 40 estrogen-packed performances, workshops, and camping. Doria Roberts, Jen Foster, Melissa Ferrick, and others lead the all-star roster. Michigan Womyn's Music Festival. Aug. 4–9. $60–$510. michfest.com.
What's In a Name? For 11 years, the One in Ten Screenplay Contest has aimed to represent the GLBTQI persons in a positive light on screen. You don't have your screenplay completed, you say? A new category, simply calling for gay titles, has been added to the roster. Submission deadline is Sept. 1. OneInTenScreenplayContest.com. – Compiled by Nancy Ford
Instagram Account Aims to Expose Gay Houston Men at Super-Spreader Events
Black Trans Publication Inspired by Monica Roberts Has Launched
Anderson Cooper: 'Being Gay is One of the Blessings of My Life'
Houston GLBT Political Caucus Re-elects Jovon Tyler as President


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% Percent Daily Value are based on a 2,000 calorie diet.
*This statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent disease.
Question: Does inflammation less cause side effects?
A: Irwin Naturals Inflamma-less offers a natural approach to pain relief, mobility and flexibility without the side effects that are often associated with prescription drugs. Inflammation and Inflammatory disease are rising in staggering numbers in the US. Using a supplement like Inflamma-less may slow down and improve the symptoms that are associated with these conditions. Inflamma-less may be used for daily maintenance or as needed to support the body's natural inflammatory response. This advanced combination of ayurveda herbs, enzyme support, vitamins and minerals work to protect tissues and support the body's own natural tissue formation.
Question: Does InflamaLess affect liver function?
A: Though I do not see any warnings on this product in regards to the liver, it is advised if you have any medical conditions or are takng any prescription drugs to consult with your physician before starting.


Strange purple things at the bottom of the tank!
I wanted to show you this picture that we took whilst getting ready for our recent bottling. We have had a couple of good cold spells this winter which has let the winery and the wines get nice and cold. This helps the tartrates to precipitate out of the wine and in this case they have formed this amazing undulating crust over the bottom of the tank. If anyone knows why it does this rather than just being a flat layer on the bottom – please let me know!
Meanwhile in the vines signs of Spring are all around now and we are finishing off all the winter work in preparation for bud burst next month.


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baseball/
Girls of Summer: Part 2
Friday night was the kind of night that every baseball fan dreams about. After a brief bout of showers about 20 minutes prior to the 7:05 p.m. first pitch, the clouds parted and it was as if God declared, "Let there be light…and a gentle breeze…and a crack of the bat…and soft serve ice cream…and, finally, toss in a good-hearted heckler to top things off."
Werner Park and the Omaha Storm Chasers did not disappoint. Despite the home team falling to the visiting New Orleans Baby Cakes 13-2, my daughter and I got to experience everything I hoped we would.
To start the night off, former MLB catcher and first basemen, Mike Sweeney, signed autographs and gave an interview that was broadcast for fans to watch on the stadium's big screen during pregame warmups. Two things he said that really resonated with me:
First, he quoted Pope Benedict XVI by saying,
"The world promises you comfort, but you were not made for comfort. You were made for greatness."
What a wonderful statement for children and adults alike to hear from a Hall of Famer!
Secondly, he spoke about an unwritten rule that he has for the Little League players he coaches. If one of his players gets plunked by a pitch in a game, that player's mom or dad needs to buy him ice cream. If that same player doesn't cry after getting plunked, that ice cream better have toppings. If the parents don't oblige by that rule within 24 hours, they aren't allowed to come to the next game. (Incidentally, I have a rule that my softball girls will earn a pack of gum anytime they get hit by a pitch and don't fuss about it. Glad to know I'm on the right track!)
Sweeney played his first 13 seasons in the Majors with the Kansas City Royals, so it was really cool to see him make a return visit to Werner Park, home of the club's Triple-A Affiliate.
Speaking of Werner Park, what a place to be with a nine-year old kid! I could go on and on about all of the amenities the place has to offer, but let me just summarize everything by saying…I MADE IT 8.5 INNINGS BEFORE MY DAUGHTER WAS READY TO LEAVE!
Below are some highlights from the Centris Family Fun Zone, a special area of the park specially built for young fans.
Needless to say, we're looking forward to catching another game on May 25 versus Round Rock. And because the next game will be a Friday night home game, all fans will be able to watch the skies light up as part of a post-game fireworks show.
The Omaha Storm Chasers approached me and other mom bloggers to provide sponsored content to raise awareness of their organization. I would like to thank Marketing & Promotions Coordinator, Andrew Asbury, for giving me this opportunity.
In baseball, Experience, Family, Give The Game Back, Memories, Softball, Youth Sports Franchise Anniversary, Girls of Summer, Omaha Storm Chasers, Werner Park
2 responses to Girls of Summer: Part 2
Roy Cohen May 8, 2018 at 7:43 am
I only wish big league games could be as family/fun oriented. I'm enjoying these. Thank you for sharing…!
maternalmedia May 23, 2018 at 4:11 pm
Glad you've enjoyed them! Thanks for reading. Have one more coming out this weekend.


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Effects of sialic acid from edible bird nest on cell viability associated with brain cognitive performance in mice
Siti Khadijah Abdul Khalid1, Aswir Abd Rashed2, Saleha Abdul Aziz3, Hafandi Ahmad1
1 Departments of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
2 Department of Nutrition, Metabolic and Cardiovascular Research, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
3 Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Date of Decision 01-Jun-2019
Date of Acceptance 08-Jul-2019
Dr. Hafandi Ahmad
Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan
Background: Edible bird nest (EBN) is a natural food product rich in glycoprotein such as sialic acid, which has been reported to improve brain functions. The EBN is widely consumed due to its higher nutritional contents and antioxidant status; however, an interaction of EBN on brain cell metabolic activity and viability are still unclear. Objective: The objectives of this study were to identify the effect of sialic acid from EBN on the cell viability and to determine the appropriate concentration of sialic acid on cognitive performance in mice. Materials and Methods: The viability of pheochromocytoma and neuroblastoma cell lines were tested using the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. For in vivo study, 7-week-old female BALB/c mice were randomly assigned into four treatment groups and were treated with sialic acid for 21 days. At day 22, all mice were tested on cognitive performance by Y-maze test. Results: Treatment concentration of sialic acid extract and sialic acid standard at 60 μg/mL (0.6 ppm) increased cell viability and showed no cytotoxicity effects in pheochromocytoma and neuroblastoma cell lines. In addition, an administration of higher dose of sialic acid at 0.6 ppm in animals improved Y-maze test performance, which they showed significantly higher number of entries and time spent in the novel arm. Conclusion: Thus, the current study shows that the sialic acid extract at 0.6 ppm improved brain cognitive performance in mice associated with an increased viability of pheochromocytoma and neuroblastoma cell lines.
Keywords: Cell viability, cognitive function, edible bird nest, mice, sialic acid
Abdul Khalid SK, Rashed AA, Aziz SA, Ahmad H. Effects of sialic acid from edible bird nest on cell viability associated with brain cognitive performance in mice. World J Tradit Chin Med 2019;5:214-9
Abdul Khalid SK, Rashed AA, Aziz SA, Ahmad H. Effects of sialic acid from edible bird nest on cell viability associated with brain cognitive performance in mice. World J Tradit Chin Med [serial online] 2019 [cited 2020 Jan 19];5:214-9. Available from: http://www.wjtcm.net/text.asp?2019/5/4/214/271962
Edible bird nest (EBN) is a natural product made from saliva produced by the male edible-nest swiftlet (Aerodramus fuciphagus) during the breeding season.[1],[2],[3] Variousin vitro andin vivo findings have shown that dietary supplementation of EBN was able to improve physiological human health.[1],[4] It has been suggested that the EBN contains higher bioactive compounds such as sialic acid,[5] which helps in an increased metabolism and physiological functions such as immune[6] and neurological systems in mammals.[7],[8] In addition, sialic acid is one of the eight glyconutrients that can be found in EBN which increased cell tissues' repair and promoted the cell division and proliferation.[3] However,in vitro study is important to identify any toxicity effects of bioactive compounds from the EBN before it is ready to be consumed.[3] Thus, this could indicate that an identification of amount bioactive compounds from the EBN is very important to avoid any toxicity effects after it undergoes cell absorption.
Evaluation of the cell viability using in vitro study is essential for toxicology studies and assessment of the efficiency of nutrient absorption.[9] The reduction in cell viability or cytotoxicity is important in response to the treatment exposes when the metabolic events lead to apoptosis or necrosis. For instance, treatment of EBN which is claimed to be rich in glyconutrient increased the Caco-2 cell viability and proliferation.[3] This could suggest that the cells with active mitochondria absorb the EBN extraction; it will generate the strong signal and raised the absorbance of the cell viability.[10] In addition, sialic acid is an essential component of brain gangliosides that modified the neural adhesion cells[11] and improved the neurotrophic factor of neuron and brain function development.[12],[13] In fact, sialic acid plays crucial roles in cell-to-cell interactions,[12] neuronal outgrowth, and modifying synaptic connectivity in memory formation.[14] In mammals, diet rich in sialic acid increased the levels of brain cells and helps in expression of genes associated with cognitive function.[15],[16]
As EBN is rich in several compounds,[17] this study was to investigate the effects of sialic acid from EBN on cell viability in rat adrenal pheochromocytoma cell (PC-12) and neuroblastoma cell lines such as human bone marrow cell (SH-SY5Y) and human brain cell (SK-N-MC). The PC-12 cells were isolated in 1976[18],[19] and have been exposed to nerve growth factor and neuronal differentiation.[18] The neuroblastoma cell lines were used to study the neuroprotective effects in relation to cognitive function performance and neuronal degeneration in brain.[20] The viability of neuroblastoma cell lines was tested using the 3- [4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay kit to determine the concentration of uptake sialic acid and their cytotoxicity as well as cell viability levels.[21],[22] The results from the MTT assay kit were used as a guideline in preparing the concentration dosage for dietary supplementation on animals' cognitive performance in the Y-maze test. Therefore, the aim of this study was to measure the cell viability of sialic acid from EBN and to determine the different concentrations of sialic acid from EBN on cognitive performance in animals.
Edible bird nest collection and preparation
A total of 14 raw unprocessed EBN samples from four different states of Peninsular Malaysia (e.g., north, south, east, and west regions) were collected during the breeding season of edible-nest swiftlet from April to August 2016. The samples were manually cleaned from gross dirt, and the visible feathers were removed using forceps. The EBN was finely grounded using a grinder. The sialic acid was extracted from raw EBN samples at SIRIM Berhad, Malaysia using the high-performance liquid chromatography [Figure 1]. Two sialic acid fractionation of EBN sample with same retention time (6.7 min) were received directly from SIRIM Berhad in liquid form with different concentrations (e.g., 50 and 32 mg/kg), and the yield percentages of sialic acid extracted were 0.005% and 0.003%, respectively. However, the sialic acid standard was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, USA.
Figure 1: The sialic acid fractionation of edible bird nest sample with retention time 6.7 min
Cell lines' culture and conditions
The PC-12, SH-SY5Y, and SK-N-MC were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) and were seeded and maintained in 25 cm2 culture flasks (Constar, Cambridge, MA). The PC-12 and SH-SY5Y cells were grown in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM; GIBCO New York, USA) supplemented with 20% and 15% of v/v fatal bovine serum, while SK-N-MC cell were grown in Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium (EMEM; GIBCO New York, USA) supplemented with 20% of v/v fatal bovine serum. The entire medium contained 1% of v/v nonessential of amino acid (GIBCO New York, USA), 1% antibiotic (penicillin–streptomycin) (GIBCO New York, USA), and 1% v/v L-glutamine (GIBCO New York, USA). Only PC-12 cell was added with 15% horse serum (GIBCO New York, USA). All the cells were maintained in the same conditions, at 37°C in an incubator with 5% carbon dioxide, 95% humidity, and air atmosphere. The medium was replaced every 2–3 days. The cells were maintained until it reached 80% confluency.
3-[ 4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide cell proliferation and viability assay
The effects of sialic acid standard and extract from EBN samples on cell viability were determined on pheochromocytoma and neuroblastoma cell lines using the MTT assay kit purchased from the ATCC. The treatment concentration for both sialic acid extract and sialic acid standard used in this test was 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 μg/ml. The adherent cell lines (1 × 106 cells/mL) were seeded onto collagen-treated 96 well plates with complete medium for 24 h. The next day, the complete medium was replaced with the serum-free complete medium. The sialic acid treatment samples were added into each plate using the required concentration included the control and a blank well. Then, the plate was incubated for another 24 hrs. Then, 10 μL of a MTT solution (5 mg/ml) were placed in each well plate including controls and incubated for another 4 h at 37°C in a CO2 incubator until the purple precipitate was visible. When the purple precipitate was clearly visible, the medium was discarded and replaced with 100 μL of detergent reagent (dimethyl sulfoxide) into each well including controls. The wells were swirled gently and left at room temperature in the dark for another 2 h. The cells' absorbance was read at 570 nm using a microplate reader (BioTek, Eon Instruments, USA). The entire test was conducted in triplicate. The numbers of viable cells were directly proportional with the levels of formazan absorption. The MTT technique was used as a guideline to prepare the standard amount of treatment concentration for mice in Y-maze performance.
Seven-week-old female BALB/c mice (n = 40) were purchased from the Laboratory Animal Resource Unit, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur. The animal room was setup following the standard protocol of good laboratory practice, and all animal testing were approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee, Institute of Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (ACUC/KKM/02-18/2015). Before the experiment day, all animals were acclimatized for 1 week and were fed with standard mice pellet (AIN-93G). During the experimental period, all animals were given different concentrations of sialic acid extract by oral gavage for 21 days as follows: Group LD (n = 10; low dose of 0.2 ppm sialic acid), Group MD (n = 10; medium dose of 0.4 ppm sialic acid), Group HD (n = 10; high dose of 0.6 ppm sialic acid), and Group C (n = 10; control group with no sialic acid). The body weight, food, and water intake of animals were recorded weekly.
Y-maze task performance
The Y-maze test was conducted to assess the cognitive performance and the willingness of the animal to explore the new environments of novel arm of the Y-maze[23] which consisted of three symmetrical arms (start, familiar, and novel) with 35 cm length, 8.5 cm width, and 15 cm height [Figure 2]. The tests consisted of 10 min of first trial (T1) followed by 5 min of second trial (T2). In the T1, the mice were placed in the start arm and were allowed to explore only two arms (start and familiar arms) of the maze, while the third arm (novel arm) was blocked. Different visual cues (round, rectangular, and triangle) were placed on the wall at the end of each arm of the maze. After 60 min, the T2 was conducted and the mice were allowed explore three arms of the maze. The tests were recorded using a ceiling-mounted camera to count the number of entries and the time spent in each arm. The results were acceptable when the numbers of entries and the time spent in novel arm were greater and used as indicator for spatial working memory.[23],[24]
Figure 2: Schematic representation of the Y-maze test with (a) the novel arm blocked with a sliding partition during the first trial, but open during the second trial. (b) Different visual cues (square, circle, and triangle) were placed on the external maze walls
All data were analyzed using the SPSS software version 16.0 (IBM Software, Inc., New York, USA). The viability of the cell lines and the Y-maze performance were analyzed using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc Tukey's test to show any significant difference between groups. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
Effects of sialic acid standard and sialic acid extract on cell viability
The MTT results showed that there were no cytotoxicity effects in pheochromocytoma and neuroblastoma cell lines (e.g., PC- 12, SH-SY5Y, and SK-N-MC) when exposed to sialic acid extract and sialic acid standard below 60 μg/mL (0.6 ppm).
The cell viability in 10 × 106 cell lines in [Table 1] started to increase along with the increase in the treatment until at concentration of 60 μg/ml. However, the cell viability of entire cell lines started to decrease in the treatment (sialic acid extract and sialic acid standard) when the concentration was above 60 g/mL and started to show toxicity towards the neuroblastoma cell lines. The highest percentage of cell viability was observed in sialic acid extract compared to the sialic acid standard. The percentages of cell viability in PC-12, SH-SY5Y, and SK-N-MC cell lines were 74.13% ± 1.86%, 85.57% ± 0.96%, and 82.36% ± 1.17%, respectively.
Table 1: Effects of sialic acid from edible bird nest in neuroblastoma cell lines in 10K cell
In 15 × 106 cell lines [Table 2], the cell viability also started to increase along with an increase in the treatment concentration until it reached concentration of 60 μg/ml. The percentages of cell viability in PC-12, SH-SY5Y, and SK-N-MC cell lines were 72.53% ± 2.67%, 81.93% ± 8.65%, and 86.57% ± 0.85%, respectively. Similar to 10 × 106 cell lines, the cell viability of entire cell lines started to decrease in both sialic acid extract and sialic acid standard in pheochromocytoma and neuroblastoma cell lines. These findings suggested that both 10 × 106 and 15 × 106 cell lines treated with sialic acid extract and sialic acid standard did not show any cytotoxicity effects to the cell line at low concentration of treatment.
Overall, the cell viability of sialic acid extract was slightly higher than the sialic acid standard in all cell lines, especially in 10 × 106 cell lines. Based on these results, the highest or maximum concentration of sialic acid extract treatment that was given to the mice was 60 μg/mL (0.6 ppm). The viability of the cell displayed in both sialic acid extract and sialic acid standard (10 × 106 and 15 × 106 cell lines) showed similar absorbance reading for all neuroblastoma and PC-12 lines. However, higher dose of sialic acid treatment induced the cells viability and proliferation in the cells.
Effects of different doses of sialic acid on the Y-maze performance
One-way ANOVA indicated that there were statistically significant differences among all treatment groups [Table 3] on the numbers of arm entries (F3,36 =13.91, P < 0.05). A Tukey post hoc test revealed that the numbers of novel arms entries by animals were significantly higher in HD (37.90 ± 1.85 entries, P < 0.05) and MD groups (32.4 ± 2.37 entries, P < 0.05) compared to the C group (27.70 ± 5.21 entries). However, there was no significant difference in number of arm entries in the LD (30.10 ± 4.31 entries, P > 0.05) animals compared to C and MD animals.
Furthermore, time spent by animals in novel arms indicated that there were statistically significant differences among all groups of treatment in time spent in novel arms (F3,36 =10.22, P < 0.05). A Tukey post hoc test revealed that the time spent by animals in novel arms were significantly higher in HD (8.79 ± 1.78 min, P < 0.005) and MD (7.98 ± 1.34 min, P < 0.005) groups compared to the C group (5.66 ± 0.81 min). However, there was no significant difference on time spent in novel arm in the LD animals (6.20 ± 1.70 min, P > 0.05) compared to C and MD animals.
The cell viability was performed by inducing sialic acid extract from EBN and commercial sialic acid standard on neuroblastoma cell line to determine the concentration to seek effects of sialic acid on neuronal cell culture. To the best of our knowledge, there are limited findings reported on the effects of sialic acid on cell viability in neuroblastoma cell lines. In this study, the percentage of cell viability in sialic acid extract was found higher in viability cell compared to sialic acid standard treatment. However, this percentage depended on the sources of EBN that was used[3] such as the habitat and availability of the food sources of the edible-nest swiftlet.[17] In fact, there were significant differences in nutritional values of EBN components among the regions and nest types.[17],[25]
The current study also showed that the stimulation of the cell lines with different amount of sialic acid concentration on cell viability caused an increase in dose dependence in cell viability and proliferation. In SH-SY5Y, the first effect of sialic acid treatment was noted at concentration of 20 μg/mL which increased significantly until concentration of 60 μg/mL for both sialic acid extract and sialic acid standard treatment. Similar dose dependence was also showed in adrenal gland (PC-12) and SK-N-MC lines. This could indicate that the maximal dose just below the threshold for the cell toxicity revealed no cytotoxicity effects to the entire cell lines. The viability of the entire cell lines increased along with the increasing concentration of the treatment. This result is similar with the previous finding which reported that the EBN increased the viability and proliferation in Caco-2 cell line.[3] In fact, the mitogenic properties in EBN assisted in the promotion of cell division and cell growth in rabbit corneal keratocytes.[26] In addition, the cell viability started to decrease at concentration of 80 μg/mL sialic acid in pheochromocytoma and all neuroblastoma cell lines. This could suggest that at this level of treatment, toxicity started to become evident. Moreover, the opening of mitochondria transition pores on the different stimulation treatments lead to the depolarization of mitochondria membrane potential which leads to the apoptosis of the cells.[20] The current finding also showed that the sialic acid standard and extract increased the cell viability in pheochromocytoma and neuroblastoma cell lines, but the effectiveness of the sialic acid extract in the cell viability was higher compared to the sialic acid standard. This could be due to the sialic acid standard and sialic acid extract from EBN have shown to have epidermal growth factor-like activity which appear to play a role in growth-stimulating normal cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and development.[17],[27]
The present study also showed that the dose at concentration of 60 μg/mL is a suitable dose that can be used as guideline to explore the effects of sialic acid on animals in the Y-maze performance. In this experiment, animals treated with higher concentration of sialic acid extract from EBN showed their ability to remember the pathway and the visual cue of the novel arm. With the high proportion of sialic acid, it provided the optimal condition for cell absorption and utilization of sialic acid to achieve the cognitive developmental requirements. A previous study reported that higher administration of sialic acid was associated with an improvement in brain cognitive functions in mice by increasing the level of sialic acid in the brain[13],[28] and influenced the movement of neurotransmitter to alter the synaptic membrane in the brain.[29] In addition, higher concentration of sialic acid in the brain also helps to establish the structural and functional of the synaptic pathway.[13] The synaptic membrane containing sialic acid contributed to the negative charge to the cells upon binding with ganglioside and glycoprotein.[28],[30] Furthermore, sialic acid helps to regulate the affinity of receptors and involves in transmembrane signaling, growth, and differentiation on early brain development in young mammals when fed with suitable amount presented in human milk.[28] Thus, it is possible that high administration of sialic acid is associated with the brain development and function in mammals.
An administration of high dose of sialic acid concentration is important for better absorption on cell viability. However, an appropriate concentration of sialic acid treatment should be considered to avoid any toxicity effects in the cell lines. The differences in percentage of cell viability and proliferation in the pheochromocytoma and neuroblastoma cell lines when exposed with different concentrations of sialic acid are expected. Thus, the sialic acid extract showed the highest increment in cell viability in pheochromocytoma and neuroblastoma cell lines. Taken together, we confirmed that the higher amount of sialic acid extract increased the neuron function associated with cognitive performance in mice. However, it is important to study the safety and effectiveness of dietary sialic acid supplementation before it can be consumed to avoid being harmful to human health. This finding suggested that amount of sialic acid extract supplementation correlated with the increase in cognitive performance and neuronal tissue development.[31] Thus, further study is needed to study the stimulation and inhibition of the sialic acid in other neuroblastoma cell lines related with the viability and proliferation of cell.
The authors would like to thank the staff of the Laboratory of Physiology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nutrition Units of IMR and SIRIM for their assistance during the study. The authors wish to acknowledge the contribution of all Malaysian EBN farmers in the completion of this study.
This research is funded by a research grant provided by the Centre of Excellence (CoE) Swiftlets, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Department of Veterinary Services Malaysia, and Ministry of Science and Technology (MOSTI) Malaysia (Project Number: 6371401-10301).
Zainab H, Nur Hulwani I, Sarojini J, Kamarudin H, Othman H, Lee BB. Nutritional properties of edible bird nest. J Asian Sci Res 2013;3:600-7.
Guo CT, Takahashi T, Bukawa W, Takahashi N, Yagi H, Kato K, et al. Edible bird's nest extract inhibits influenza virus infection. Antiviral Res 2006;70:140-6.
Aswir AR, Wan Nazaimon WM. Effect of edible bird's nest on cell proliferation on tumor necrosis gactor-aplha (TNF-α) release in vitro. Int Food Res J 2011;18:1123-7.
Matsukawa N, Matsumoto M, Bukawa W, Chiji H, Nakayama K, Hara H, et al. Improvement of bone strength and dermal thickness due to dietary edible bird's nest extract in ovariectomized rats. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2011;75:590-2.
Yagi H, Yasukawa N, Yu SY, Guo CT, Takahashi N, Takahashi T, et al. The expression of sialylated high-antennary N-glycans in edible bird's nest. Carbohydr Res 2008;343:1373-7.
Pilatte Y, Bignon J, Lambré CR. Sialic acids as important molecules in the regulation of the immune system: Pathophysiological implications of sialidases in immunity. Glycobiology 1993;3:201-18.
Hou Z, He P, Imam MU, Qi J, Tang S, Song C, et al. Edible bird's nest prevents menopause-related memory and cognitive decline in rats via increased hippocampal sirtuin-1. expression. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2017;2017:1-8.
Zhiping H, Imam MU, Ismail M, Ismail N, Yida Z, Ideris A, et al. Effects of edible bird's nest on hippocampal and cortical neurodegeneration in ovariectomized rats. Food Funct 2015;6:1701-11.
Melnick RL, Thayer KA, Bucher JR. Conflicting views on chemical carcinogenesis arising from the design and evaluation of rodent carcinogenicity studies. Environ Health Perspect 2008;116:130-5.
Mosmann T. Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: Application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. J Immunol Methods 1983;65:55-63.
Sadoul R, Hirn M, Deagostini-Bazin H, Rougon G, Goridis C. Adult and embryonic mouse neural cell adhesion molecules have different binding properties. Nature 1983;304:347-9.
Schneider JS, Sendek S, Daskalakis C, Cambi F. GM1 ganglioside in Parkinson's disease: Results of a five year open study. J Neurol Sci 2010;292:45-51.
Wang B. Sialic acid is an essential nutrient for brain development and cognition. Annu Rev Nutr 2009;29:177-222.
von Itzstein M, Thomson RJ. Sialic acids and sialic acid-recognising proteins: Drug discovery targets and potential glycopharmaceuticals. Curr Med Chem 1997;4:185-210.
Wang B, Yu B, Karim M, Hu H, Sun Y, McGreevy P, et al. Dietary sialic acid supplementation improves learning and memory in piglets. Am J Clin Nutr 2007;85:561-9.
Careena S, Sani D, Tan SN, Lim CW, Hassan S, Norhafizah M, et al. Effect of edible bird's nest extract on lipopolysaccharide-induced impairment of learning and memory in wistar rats. Evid Based Complement Altern Med 2018;2018:1-7.
Norhayati MK Jr., Azman O, Wan Nazaimoon W. Preliminary study of the nutritional content of Malaysian edible bird's nest. Malays J Nutr 2010;16:389-96.
Popova D, Karlsson J, Jacobsson SO. Comparison of neurons derived from mouse P19, rat PC12 and human SH-SY5Y cells in the assessment of chemical and toxin-induced neurotoxicity. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2017;18:42.
Greene LA, Tischler AS. Establishment of a noradrenergic clonal line of rat adrenal pheochromocytoma cells which respond to nerve growth factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1976;73:2424-8.
Yew MY, Koh RY, Chye SM, Othman I, Ng KY. Edible bird's nest ameliorates oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. BMC Complement Altern Med 2014;14:391.
Fotakis G, Timbrell JA.In vitro cytotoxicity assays: Comparison of LDH, neutral red, MTT and protein assay in hepatoma cell lines following exposure to cadmium chloride. Toxicol Lett 2006;160:171-7.
Scheers EM, Ekwall B, Dierickx PJ.In vitro long-term cytotoxicity testing of 27 MEIC chemicals on hep G2 cells and comparison with acute human toxicity data. ToxicolIn Vitro 2001;15:153-61.
Hafandi A, Begg DP, Premaratna SD, Sinclair AJ, Jois M, Weisinger RS, et al. Dietary repletion with ω3 fatty acid or with COX inhibition reverses cognitive effects in F3 ω3 fatty-acid-deficient mice. Comp Med 2014;64:106-9.
Sopian NF, Ajat M, Shafie NI, Noor MH, Ebrahimi M, Rajion MA, et al. Does short-term dietary omega-3 fatty acid supplementation influence brain hippocampus gene expression of zinc transporter-3? Int J Mol Sci 2015;16:15800-10.
Huda NM, Zuki AB, Azhar K, Goh YM, Suhaimi H, Hazmi AA, et al. Proximate, elemental and fatty acid analysis of pre-processed edible birds nest (Aerodramus fuciphagus): A comparison between regions and type of nest. J Food Technol 2008;6:39-44.
Abidin FZ, Hui CK, Luan NS, Ramli ES, Hun LT, Abd Ghafar N, et al. Effects of edible bird's nest (EBN) on cultured rabbit corneal keratocytes. BMC Complement Altern Med 2011;11:94.
Vimala B, Hussain H, Wan Nazaimoon WM. Effects of edible bird's nest on tumour necrosis factor-alpha secretion, nitric oxide production and cell viability of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Food Agric Immunol 2012;23:303-14.
Wang B. Molecular mechanism underlying sialic acid as an essential nutrient for brain development and cognition. Adv Nutr 2012;3:465S-72S.
Wang B, Brand-Miller J. The role and potential of sialic acid in human nutrition. Eur J Clin Nutr 2003;57:1351-69.
Carlson SE, House SG. Oral and intraperitoneal administration of N-acetylneuraminic acid: Effect on rat cerebral and cerebellar N-acetylneuraminic acid. J Nutr 1986;116:881-6.
Yew MY, Koh RY, Chye SM, Othman I, Soga T, Parhar I, et al. Edible bird's nest improves motor behavior and protects dopaminergic neuron against oxidative and nitrosative stress in Parkinson's disease mouse model. J Funct Foods 2018;48:576-85.
Abdul Khalid SK
Rashed AA
Aziz SA
Ahmad H
Cell viability
edible bird nest
sialic acid


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text:
Q: $\text{if} \ \ :\sin x=\sin y \Rightarrow \text{Then} \ \ x=y \ \ \text{Or} \ \ x=\pi-y$
Theorem1 :Prove that (without geometry):
$$\text{if} \ \ :\sin x=\sin y  \Rightarrow \text{Then} \ \ x=y  \ \ \text{Or} \ \ x=\pi-y$$

I can prove
$$\text{if} \ \ x=y  \ \ \text{Or} \ \ x=\pi-y  \Rightarrow \text{Then} \ \ \sin x=\sin y  $$
But how prove theorem 1?

A: $$\sin{x}-\sin{y}=2\sin\frac{x-y}{2}\cos\frac{x+y}{2},$$
which gives
$$\sin\frac{x-y}{2}=0,$$ which is $$x-y=2\pi k,$$ where $k\in\mathbb Z$ or
$$\cos\frac{x+y}{2}=0,$$ which is
$$x+y=\pi+2\pi k$$

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Алексеева Буда — бывшая деревня в Хиславичском районе Смоленской области России.

Находилась в полутора верстах юго-западннее современной деревни Шеньковка на левом берегу речки Лызка.

История

Упоминается впервые в 1908 году.

В 1978 году деревня ещё существовала и входила в Лобановский сельсовет Хиславичского района.

В 1993 году уже считалась, как прекратившая существование деревня Лобановского сельсовета Хиславичского района.

Примечания

Упразднённые населённые пункты Хиславичского района
Населённые пункты на реке Лызка

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Ever since Elda's friend, Paulena, sent a letter to her telling all about Ganse-Stadt and the interesting characters who lived there, the many festivals they celebrated, how they danced and enjoyed each other's company, Elda knew she wanted to live there, too. The day finally arrived. Paulena and her family were there to greet her and soon they were on their way to the outskirts of Ganse-Stadt where they lived. Everything about this new country was just as Paulena had written, beautifully scenic and well kept, so much like the home country she had just left behind.
She, like Paulena, always enjoyed the country life and this seemed to be a perfect fit. Elda kept busy tending and pruning grapevines, and while working in the vineyards it was not unusual for her to be singing. One day her singing was carried by Gusty the Gentle Prairie Wind to the ears of Sepp, the town's musician. He was curious to know where this beautiful melody was coming from so he followed the musical sounds until he came upon Elda. After introducing himself, he invited Elda to go with him to Ganse-Stadt to meet the rest of the folks at Tanta Anna's Gathering Place. She was anxious to get to know the townsfolk so she agreed and the next day Sepp escorted her into town.
Elda was very happy that Sepp had asked her to come to town. Though she missed the old country, she knew this was going to be a wonderful place to live as she learned to love all the folks of Ganse-Stadt.


text:
Q: How to override *i++ for c++ custom iterator? This is making me quite confused, I'm implementing a custom iterator and I read here: http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/concept/InputIterator, that the behavior of *iter++ should first use the dereference operator, and then increment the returned value (which is copied), by 1.
I have in my custom iterator overriden both operator* and operator++(int v), the problem is that operator++(int v) is called before operator* when I execute *iter++, which is the correct behavior, but not for what I want to do (I guess?).
If you read the link, you'll see that in the table, on the last row, it is said that if you execute *iter++, your implementation should first dereference, and then increment the result, which is not what is the default behavior.
I can't really seem to know what to do, any ideas?
After understanding the answer, the title is misleading, sorry!
Thanks,
Johan

A: From the link that you provided, *i++ is equivalent to:
value_type x = *i; // (1)
++i;               // (2)
return x;          // (3)

That is,

*

*Dereference the iterator i and store it in x

*Increment the iterator

*Return the value x obtained by dereferencing before incrementing the iterator.

This can be used in template code that accepts input iterators, like this:
template <typename InputIterator, typename T>
InputIterator drop_until (InputIterator i, T const & x)
{
    while (*i++ != x);
    return i;
}

An implementation of this behavior usually looks like
struct my_iterator
{
    // ...

    value_type operator * ()
    {
        // return the value that this operator is pointing to
    }

    my_iterator operator ++ (int)
    {
        my_iterator copy = *this;
        // increment *this iterator
        return copy;
    }

    // ...
};

This works, because i++, which calls operator++(int), returnes the previous iterator value, which then gets dereferenced, while i itself gets incremented.
To increment the dereferenced value, you should manually indicate operators precedence:
(*i)++;

Since this is how operator precedence is defined in the C++ standart, you cannot achieve this behavior for the expression *i++, or i would stop being an iterator, I guess.

A:
If you read the link, you'll see that in the table, on the last row, it is said that if you execute *iter++, your implementation should first dereference, and then increment the result

The order of the operations is not relevant for the result. The site is not saying that the operators must be called in that order, just that the side effects must be equivalent. The example on the site is simplified. Following has equivalent side effects but also has the same order of operations as a real implementation of those two operators would have when calling *iter++:
const It it_copy = i; // copying the iterator is part of post increment
++i; // increment is called first
value_type value = *it_copy; // dereference second
return value;

The result will be the same.
You cannot get the order shown in that table if you call *iter++ but you also don't need to.


A collection of short and novella type stories that captures other incidents and or enhances existing stories about legions, individuals and others either prior to the Hersey or during. If you have read the Hersey series from the beginning and you have a strong memory, the stories will enhance your understanding further to why and what for!
Although I enjoyed the majority, some were not to my personal liking. That is my preference, but I am sure many other readers will feel the same.


This seemed odd, as I've had reviews that were flagged before (for language the algorithm didn't like) but I've never had a review stopped dead in its tracks.
So, why wasn't this review accepted?
After a little research and poking around, I discovered that this product had been reviewed by a significant number of people tagged as "Vine Voice Reviewers". This is something that I had heard of when I first started researching Amazon reviews but hadn't until this past week when a commenter on this blog asked about them.
BBC wrote an article back in 2016 about Amazon's end to incentivized reviews (aka the Vine program) but it looks like they're starting to bring it back full-force. A Vine Voice is someone in Amazon's reviewing program that receives the product for free. This program has been established since 2007 but honestly I thought it was dead until now. Maybe the products I usually buy don't participate in the program, but this one certainly did.
The product had 23 reviews written in the past month, with 22 of them being the "Vine Voice" reviews. As I was allowed to review a different product I'd ordered, my guess is that Amazon prevents people from reviewing products that have a suspicious amounts of reviews on them – even if the reviews are from people who are in Amazon's own reviewing program.
Since Amazon reviewers have long been limited to 5 unverified reviews per week, I'm wondering if those reviews left by the "Vine Voice" customers don't count as verified purchases since they were incentivized, and if a certain number of unverified purchases on a product's reviews could potentially prevent genuine reviewers from leaving their comments on the product because it looks suspicious.
All speculation, but anything's possible.
Tried to review a product and couldn't. My current running theory is that Amazon flags products with a certain number of unverified (or incentivized) reviews over a certain time period, preventing anyone else from submitting a review.
Happen to have any fancy tools developed that can give insight to those who are part of the vine community? When was the most recent addition to the vine group? How many reviews did they write? What is the word count? What categories do they have top contribute status in?
Any insight at all would help those trying to achieve this!


Is the US military on its way to Ghana to set up base? What do Ghanaians think.
Ghana Armed Froces. Image credit US Army Africa photo via Flickr.
In Kwame Nkrumah's Neo-Colonialism: The Last Stage of Imperialism, published in 1965, he wrote: "Military aid in fact marks the last stage of neo-colonialism and its effect is self-destructive." At the time, Nkrumah—who blamed the CIA for the coup that led to his ouster as president in 1966 and for his subsequent exile–could not have envisioned American and Ghanaian soldiers eating python meat together in the forests surrounding Akim Oda, Ghanaian troops engaging in maritime and jungle warfare training with the US Navy or the country's custom officials being trained by US Marines. Least of all, that Ghana planned to grant "unimpeded access to the United States to deploy troops and military equipment" in the country.
It's long been thought that AFRICOM desired a more permanent base in West Africa, as the Gulf of Guinea was one of the command's initial targets. For years, observers wondered if Ghana would play host as a relatively stable and peaceful democratic country. Situated along the oil-rich Gulf of Guinea, its location is supposedly ideally suited for soldiers to deploy to hotspots in nearby places like Niger, Mali and Nigeria.
Recent reporting suggests there are about two-dozen lily pad bases across 20 African countries.
In other words, AFRICOM is already integrated into Ghanaian military and security spheres.
The agreement in question—what is known technically as a "Status of Forces Agreement"—allows the US military (and its civilian and contractor force) to have "unimpeded" access to already existing facilities, which may be appointed either for exclusive or joint use for the US (and Ghana). The US will control entry and have "priority access" to these facilities, but Ghanaian forces will be tasked with keeping the areas secure.
The agreement is already causing political controversy and unrest in country.
Though AFRICOM has received bipartisan support from both of Ghana's major political parties, the National Democratic Congress (NDC) has used the agreement to attack the ruling National Patriotic Party (NPP). Muntaka Mubarak, Minority Chief Whip for the NDC called the agreement "recolonization." In a stunning display of state force, Koku Anyidoho, NDC Deputy Secretary General, was arrested and charged with treason after suggesting Ghanaian President Nana Akufo Addo would be overthrown in a coup for signing the agreement. Former President John Mahama, under whom the US and Ghanaian militaries conducted multiple trainings, secured Anyidoho's bail.
However, given the NDC's previous cooperation with the US military, their opposition seems to be more politics as usual than a sustained ideological critique.
The Economic Fighters League (the Fighters), a social movement "mobilizing Ghanaians for economic freedom," called for protests at Parliament the day MPs debated the agreement. "The NDC … is engaged in nothing but political opportunism calculated to take advantage of the genuine anger of the people against the obnoxious Ghana-US security agreement," Hardi Yakubu, Fighter-General of the Fighters, said of the NDC's widely publicized outcry. Yakubu and supporters were denied entrance to Parliament House, but protested outside the entrance.
In addition to the Parliament protest, the Fighters are throwing their weight behind multiple lawsuits contesting the US-Ghana agreement.
Actions like the Fighters protest are a part of a constellation of every day nuanced, widespread debates that are happening at the grassroots level. In the days that followed the March 20 news break, messages urging resistance to any US base – permanent or not – circulated on WhatsApp and Ghanaians tweeted directly to Ghanaian President Nana Akufo Addo asking whether military aid counts as part of his Ghana Beyond Aid campaign, which sorta predicted this policy direction and has criticized for being mostly all talk and little action or direction on how to get there.
The outcome of this newest US-Ghana military agreement remains to be seen, but it seems certain that as AFRICOM continues to expand, so will resistance to its presence.
Most people are unaware that U.S. troops are active in almost every African country.
There is a collective national ignorance that surrounds the United States' vast military presence in Africa.
What's the deal with China's new military base in Djibouti?
Recent revelations, which have always been suspected, have strengthened the United States' role in the Liberian civil war, adding fuel to claims of American intervention in Liberia since its founding as a Western style nation-state.


I feel like this is a bit of deja vu. Last year I took 1st, 2nd, and 3rd place in $100k NASCAR DFS slate for The Clash (then called the Sprint Unlimited). This year? 1st, 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 7th in the same slate (which had a $125k prize pool this year). Well, I actually tied for 1st and 5th, so that means I had the top five lineups from this past weekend's slate. Not too shabby.
I'm going to break down my winning lineup and review my driver exposures and my thoughts behind why I had certain key exposures that helped me to a very profitable NASCAR DFS day.
This lineup had several selections from my picks article prior to the race. Daniel Suarez started 15th and went far lower owned than I expected. He drives for the best team in NASCAR and was in 60 percent of my lineups, so I had massive leverage on him relative to the field. Remember, at restrictor plate races, starting position matters most.
Next I had Chase Elliott. I wrote him up as one of my cash game plays, and I figured he'd be lower owned than the owners sandwiched around him in starting position, Matt Kenseth and Kyle Busch. I was right. Elliott came in at 47 percent ownership, while Busch was at 69 percent and Kenseth at 60 percent. Thus, I went overweight on Elliott, and he was my highest-owned driver at 67 percent. Exploiting ownership percentages is key to winning a GPP in a slate that is largely random.
Kyle Busch was a chalky play, so I was going to have exposure to him as a matter of course. However, the next driver is one who did and didn't surprise me at the same time. I knew Danica Patrick would be under-owned, and I stated as much on the RotoViz Live show 1.5 hours prior to lineup lock. I also stated she had a ceiling of about a third or fourth place finish, so her fourth place finish was right at her ceiling. An ownership percentage of 11.6 was the surprising part. I knew it would be low, but I thought it would be closer to 20-25 percent. I had her at just under 40 percent exposure.
My next driver was Joey Logano, and while I was underweight on him compared to the field, I still had nearly 40 percent exposure. Logano was a solid play, but I thought he'd be above 60 percent owned. He was close, and I don't hate being a bit underweight on him here. Finally, Alex Bowman was my GPP special of the race. I loved Bowman in GPPs and knew he'd be extremely low owned. He wasn't quite the lowest owned, but at 14.5 percent, he was a fine play to be overweight on while racing in Dale Earnhardt Jr.'s car.
I definitely got lucky that all of these drivers pulled in strong finishes; there's no doubt about that. But you have to employ proper roster construction to put yourself in position to benefit from luck. Far too many people entered lineups with no chance to win due to poor roster construction. To show what one of those lineups looked like, I threw in a single entry into a free contest that I'd never normally use. This helps to illustrate what poor roster construction looks like.
In this example, we see too many drivers starting too far forward. Four of my six slots had drivers starting in the top half of the field, and Logano was a fifth driver starting smack dab in the middle of the field. This lineup had no chance, because it doesn't take advantage of place differential.
Don't make this mistake for the DraftKings Daytona 500 contests. You'll need at least five drivers, and probably all six, to make significant positive place differential to have a shot at taking down a GPP for the DraftKings Daytona 500 slate. Yes, there are 200 laps, but at most one dominator will be in the winning lineup, and quite often there are zero dominators in the winning lineup at plate tracks.


What's included in your 'All-inclusive' Fees service?
Helen is an award-winning legal researcher and author. She is an experienced court litigation report proofreader and has written extensively on legal matters.


Joyce Dzidzor Mensah, the former Ghanaian HIV/AIDS ambassador says she thinks Abronye is in love with her.
The controversy obsessed lady says Kwame Baffoe Abronye, the Brong Ahafo youth organizer of NPP loves her but he doesn't know how to propose.
In a Facebook post, Joyce Dzidzor says she also loves Abronye and would like to give him a passionate kiss he's never had before.
She added that, she is willing to give him two minutes s*x of 5 rounds.
Read more: VIDEO: EC Announcement Of New Voters ID Card Confirms Prophet Nigel's Prophecy?


March market comments | American Precious Metals, Inc.
The month of February gave us a strong gold buy signal, every day closing above $1,200 (the 50 day moving average) and now closing above $1,250 (the 200 day moving average), up 12% from December 2016's low of $1,125. See attached chart. Silver is up from $16.20 to $18.30 during the same 2 month period.
The speed of this reversal recovery is a little surprising. Some causes: In China, capital controls imposed on foreign investments has resulted in large volume increases in purchases of gold and gold ETF's, the best option for trapped money.
Political instability in Europe is sparking concern over the viability of the European Union and causing many people to lose faith in the euro.
The entire commodity complex has been rising for the past year as the US dollar peaked.
Gold is now rising in price in terms of all major currencies. Gold is also anticipating higher inflation.
The Federal Reserve's ruminations about raising short term interest rates no longer affect metals. Nor will they, in my opinion, until we see double digits rates again. That event is likely years away.
At home, we are experiencing increased metal purchasing in the last week as trend followers jump in and short sellers get out of the way.
The war on cash continues. If you doubt it, just try to get even a modest amount ($5,000) withdrawn without an interrogation from your bank manager or a delay.
It's too soon to start making price target predictions. The buy and hold philosophy is still intact though.


text:
Roborace: in search of the car of the future
Size: 50 – 100
Roborace is the first company in the world that organises autonomous car competition. The competition has been taking place since 2016, and its main goal is to accelerate the technological advancement of the automotive industry. Among the past and present competitors are the teams from both industry: Arrival Ltd, Acronis and academia: Technical University of Munich, Graz University of Technology and from the University of Pisa.
The Roborace team was looking for a technical partner who would help them in the further development of the project. Spyrosoft's Chief Operating Officer, Witold Leder talks more about why we've decided to get involved in the project: 'Autonomous and electric cars are the future of the automotive industry. The collaboration between Spyrosoft and Roborace allow our companies to make use of the best software development practices while working with state-of-the-art automotive technologies. We're excited about what the future will bring and about what we can achieve together'.
Spyrosoft's main task was refactoring of the Roborace code and diving it into small particles so that it could be easily managed. Thanks to this, the Roborace team can share its code with other companies that are collaborating with them. It can also be readily shared with the teams participating in the competition that are currently developing two different models of the autonomous car: DevBot and Robocar.
Technologies used: ROS / Catkin / Cmake / Gitlab / Gitlab CI / Docker
Spyrosoft was also responsible for designing and preparing the so-called cross-compilation where the system can be adapted to any device. We were also working on implementing continuous integration (CI) so that the Roborace team can work on their database.
Viessmann: Industry 4.0 evolution
The Qt Company: robot arm sample demo
Supporting digital transformation at Simplyhealth
Interested in collaborating with us?
email: apietraszek@spyro-soft.com


text:
All DOL OLMS
Office of Labor-Management Standards
DOL Home > OLMS > Compliance Audits > CAP Closing Letters > Related Documents
Employment Standards Administration
Cleveland District Office
1240 East Ninth Street
(216)357-5455 Fax: (216)357-5425
Mr. Rick Wright, Financial Secretary
Steelworkers AFL-CIO Local 01-7-L
501 Kelly Avenue
Akron, Ohio 44306
Re: Case Number
Dear Mr. Wright:
This office has recently completed an audit of under the Compliance Audit Program (CAP) to determine your organization's compliance with the provisions of the Labor-Management Re-3orting and Disclosure Act of 1959 (LMRDA). As discussed during the exit interview with you on October 3, 2006, the following problems were disclosed during the CAP. The matters listed below are not an exhaustive list of all possible problem areas since the audit conducted was limited in scope.
Title II of the LMRDA establishes certain reporting and recordkeeping requirements. Section 206 requires, among other things, that adequate records be maintained for at least five (5) years by which each receipt and disbursement of funds, as well as all account balances, can be verified, explained and clarified. As a general rule, all records used or received in the course of union business must be retained. This includes, in the case of disbursements, not only the retention of original bills, invoices, receipts and vouchers, but also adequate additional documentation, if necessary, showing the nature of the union business requiring the disbursement, the goods or services received, and the identity of the recipient(s) of the goods and services. In most instances, this documentation requirement can be satisfied with a sufficiently descriptive expense receipt or invoice. If an expense receipt is not sufficiently descriptive, a note can be written on it providing the additional information. An exception may be made only in those cases where, (1) other equally descriptive documentation has been maintained, and (2) there is evidence of actual oversight and control over disbursements. In the case of receipts, the date, amount, purpose and source of all money received by the union must be records in at least one union record. Bank records must also be retained for all accounts.
The audit of Local 01-7-L's 2005 records revealed that there was no supporting documentation for expenses incurred by officers and employees, including invoices and receipts. Also, there were no receipts from the usage of the debit card by any card , provided that Local 01-7-L maintains adequate documentation as in the future, no additional enforcement action will be taken regarding this violation.
The CAP disclosed a violation of LMRDA Section 201(b), which requires that labor organizations file annual financial reports accurately disclosing their financial condition and operations. The Labor Organization Annual Report (LM-3) filed by Local 01-7-L for December 31, 2005 was deficient in the following areas:
Local 01-7-L failed to properly allocate payments to officers and employees in Line 45 and 46, respectively.
The names of some officers and/or total amounts of payments to them or on their behalf were not reported in Item 24. The local failed to include some reimbursements to officers and employees in Item 24 (All Officers and Disbursements to Officers). All direct disbursements to Local 01-7-L officers and most indirect disbursements made on behalf of its officers must be reported in "direct disbursement" to an officer is a payment made to an officer in f cash, property, goods, services or other things of value. An "indirect disbursement" to an officer is a payment to another party (including credit card) for cash, property, goods, services or other things of value received half of an officer. However, indirect disbursements for temporary change as union check issued to a hotel) or for transportation by a public such as an airline) for an officer traveling on union business should be Item 48 (Office and Administrative Expense).
Local 01-7-L has filed an amended Form LM-3 Report for its fiscal year ending December 31, 2005, to correct the deficient items discussed above. Consequently, no further action is necessary at this time.
The CAP disclosed a violation of LMRDA Section 201(a) which requires that a union fits revised constitution and bylaws with its LM report when certain bylaw changes are made. The details of this requirement are outlined in the instructions for the form. A copy of the Local's most recent bylaws was obtained so not further action is necessary at this time.
I want to extend extended my personal appreciation for the cooperation and courtesy extended during this compliance audit. I strongly recommend that you make sure this compliance assistance materials provided to you are passed on to future officers. If we can provide any additional assistance, please do not hesitate to call.
Fred Vaudrin
District Director
cc: Michael O'Connor, President
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