text:
Colloid
Title: Colloid
Subject: Colloidal crystal, Felix Ehrenhaft, Nanoparticle, Colloidal particle, Colloidal probe technique
Collection: Chemical Mixtures, Colloidal Chemistry, Colloids, Condensed Matter Physics, Dosage Forms, Soft Matter
Milk is an emulsified colloid of liquid butterfat globules dispersed within a water-based solution.
A colloid, in chemistry, is a substance in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble particles is suspended throughout another substance. Sometimes the dispersed substance alone is called the colloid;[1] the term colloidal suspension refers unambiguously to the overall mixture (although a narrower sense of the word suspension is contradistinguished from colloids by larger particle size). Unlike a solution, whose solute and solvent constitute only one phase, a colloid has a dispersed phase (the suspended particles) and a continuous phase (the medium of suspension). To qualify as a colloid, the mixture must be one that does not settle or would take a very long time to settle appreciably.
The dispersed-phase particles have a diameter of between approximately 1 and 1000 nanometers.[2] Such particles are normally easily visible in an optical microscope, although at the smaller size range (r<250 nm), an ultramicroscope or an electron microscope may be required. Homogeneous mixtures with a dispersed phase in this size range may be called colloidal aerosols, colloidal emulsions, colloidal foams, colloidal dispersions, or hydrosols. The dispersed-phase particles or droplets are affected largely by the surface chemistry present in the colloid.
Some colloids are translucent because of the Tyndall effect, which is the scattering of light by particles in the colloid. Other colloids may be opaque or have a slight color.
Colloidal suspensions are the subject of interface and colloid science. This field of study was introduced in 1861 by Scottish scientist Thomas Graham.
IUPAC definition
Colloid: Short synonym for colloidal system.[3][4]
Colloidal: State of subdivision such that the molecules or polymolecular particles dispersed in a medium have at least one dimension between approximately 1 nm and 1 μm, or that in a system discontinuities are found at distances of that order.[3][4][5]
Hydrocolloids 2
3 Interaction between particles
Stabilization (peptization) 5
Destabilization 6
Monitoring stability 6.1
Accelerating methods for shelf life prediction 6.2
As a model system for atoms 7
In biology 9
In the environment 10
Intravenous therapy 11
Because the size of the dispersed phase may be difficult to measure, and because colloids have the appearance of complexing these species.
Colloids can be classified as follows:
Medium/phase
Dispersed phase
All gases are miscible and thus do not form colloids Liquid aerosol
Examples: fog, hair sprays Solid aerosol
Examples: smoke, ice cloud, atmospheric particulate matter
Example: whipped cream, shaving cream Emulsion
Examples: milk, mayonnaise, hand cream Sol
Examples: pigmented ink, blood
Solid foam
Examples: aerogel, styrofoam, pumice Gel
Examples: agar, gelatin, jelly Solid sol
Example: cranberry glass
Based on the nature of interaction between the dispersed phase and the dispersion medium, colloids can be classified as: Hydrophilic colloids: These are water-loving colloids. The colloid particles are attracted toward water. They are also called reversible sols. Hydrophobic colloids: These are opposite in nature to hydrophilic colloids. The colloid particles are repelled by water. They are also called irreversible sols.
In some cases, a colloid suspension can be considered a homogeneous mixture. This is because the distinction between "dissolved" and "particulate" matter can be sometimes a matter of approach, which affects whether or not it is homogeneous or heterogeneous.
A hydrocolloid is defined as a colloid system wherein the colloid particles are hydrophilic polymers dispersed in water. A hydrocolloid has colloid particles spread throughout water, and depending on the quantity of water available that can take place in different states, e.g., gel or sol (liquid). Hydrocolloids can be either irreversible (single-state) or reversible. For example, agar, a reversible hydrocolloid of seaweed extract, can exist in a gel and solid state, and alternate between states with the addition or elimination of heat.
Many hydrocolloids are derived from natural sources. For example, agar-agar and carrageenan are extracted from seaweed, gelatin is produced by hydrolysis of proteins of mammalian and fish origins, and pectin is extracted from citrus peel and apple pomace.
Gelatin desserts like jelly or Jell-O are made from gelatin powder, another effective hydrocolloid. Hydrocolloids are employed in food mainly to influence texture or viscosity (e.g., a sauce). Hydrocolloid-based medical dressings are used for skin and wound treatment.
Other main hydrocolloids are xanthan gum, gum arabic, guar gum, locust bean gum, cellulose derivatives as carboxymethyl cellulose, alginate and starch.
Interaction between particles
The following forces play an important role in the interaction of colloid particles:
Excluded volume repulsion: This refers to the impossibility of any overlap between hard particles.
Electrostatic interaction: Colloidal particles often carry an electrical charge and therefore attract or repel each other. The charge of both the continuous and the dispersed phase, as well as the mobility of the phases are factors affecting this interaction.
van der Waals forces: This is due to interaction between two dipoles that are either permanent or induced. Even if the particles do not have a permanent dipole, fluctuations of the electron density gives rise to a temporary dipole in a particle. This temporary dipole induces a dipole in particles nearby. The temporary dipole and the induced dipoles are then attracted to each other. This is known as van der Waals force, and is always present (unless the refractive indexes of the dispersed and continuous phases are matched), is short-range, and is attractive.
Entropic forces: According to the second law of thermodynamics, a system progresses to a state in which entropy is maximized. This can result in effective forces even between hard spheres.
Steric forces between polymer-covered surfaces or in solutions containing non-adsorbing polymer can modulate interparticle forces, producing an additional steric repulsive force (which is predominantly entropic in origin) or an attractive depletion force between them. Such an effect is specifically searched for with tailor-made superplasticizers developed to increase the workability of concrete and to reduce its water content.
There are two principal ways of preparation of colloids:[6]
Dispersion of large particles or droplets to the colloidal dimensions by milling, spraying, or application of shear (e.g., shaking, mixing, or high shear mixing).
Condensation of small dissolved molecules into larger colloidal particles by precipitation, condensation, or redox reactions. Such processes are used in the preparation of colloidal silica or gold.
Stabilization (peptization)
The stability of a colloidal system is defined by particles remaining suspended in solution at equilibrium.
Stability is hindered by aggregation and sedimentation phenomena, which are driven by the colloid's tendency to reduce surface energy. Reducing the interfacial tension will stabilize the colloidal system by reducing this driving force.
Examples of a stable and of an unstable colloidal dispersion.
Aggregation is due to the sum of the interaction forces between particles.[7][8] If attractive forces (such as van der Waals forces) prevail over the repulsive ones (such as the electrostatic ones) particles aggregate in clusters.
Electrostatic stabilization and steric stabilization are the two main mechanisms for stabilization against aggregation.
Electrostatic stabilization is based on the mutual repulsion of like electrical charges. In general, different phases have different charge affinities, so that an electrical double layer forms at any interface. Small particle sizes lead to enormous surface areas, and this effect is greatly amplified in colloids. In a stable colloid, mass of a dispersed phase is so low that its buoyancy or kinetic energy is too weak to overcome the electrostatic repulsion between charged layers of the dispersing phase.
Steric stabilization consists in covering the particles in polymers which prevents the particle to get close in the range of attractive forces.
A combination of the two mechanisms is also possible (electrosteric stabilization). All the above-mentioned mechanisms for minimizing particle aggregation rely on the enhancement of the repulsive interaction forces.
Electrostatic and steric stabilization do not directly address the sedimentation/floating problem.
Particle sedimentation (and also floating, although this phenomenon is less common) arises from a difference in the density of the dispersed and of the continuous phase. The higher the difference in densities, the faster the particle settling.
The gel network stabilization represents the principal way to produce colloids stable to both aggregation and sedimentation.[9][10]
The method consists in adding to the colloidal suspension a polymer able to form a gel network and characterized by shear thinning properties. Examples of such substances are xanthan and guar gum.
Steric and gel network stabilization.
Particle settling is hindered by the stiffness of the polymeric matrix where particles are trapped.[9] In addition, the long polymeric chains can provide a steric or electrosteric stabilization to dispersed particles.
The rheological shear thinning properties find beneficial in the preparation of the suspensions and in their use, as the reduced viscosity at high shear rates facilitates deagglomeration, mixing and in general the flow of the suspensions.
Unstable colloidal dispersions can form flocs as the particles aggregate due to interparticle attractions. In this way photonic glasses can be grown. This can be accomplished by a number of different methods:
Removal of the electrostatic barrier that prevents aggregation of the particles. This can be accomplished by the addition of salt to a suspension or changing the pH of a suspension to effectively neutralize or "screen" the surface charge of the particles in suspension. This removes the repulsive forces that keep colloidal particles separate and allows for coagulation due to van der Waals forces.
Addition of a charged polymer flocculant. Polymer flocculants can bridge individual colloidal particles by attractive electrostatic interactions. For example, negatively charged colloidal silica or clay particles can be flocculated by the addition of a positively charged polymer.
Addition of non-adsorbed polymers called depletants that cause aggregation due to entropic effects.
Physical deformation of the particle (e.g., stretching) may increase the van der Waals forces more than stabilization forces (such as electrostatic), resulting coagulation of colloids at certain orientations.
Unstable colloidal suspensions of low-volume fraction form clustered liquid suspensions, wherein individual clusters of particles fall to the bottom of the suspension (or float to the top if the particles are less dense than the suspending medium) once the clusters are of sufficient size for the Brownian forces that work to keep the particles in suspension to be overcome by gravitational forces. However, colloidal suspensions of higher-volume fraction form colloidal gels with viscoelastic properties. Viscoelastic colloidal gels, such as bentonite and toothpaste, flow like liquids under shear, but maintain their shape when shear is removed. It is for this reason that toothpaste can be squeezed from a toothpaste tube, but stays on the toothbrush after it is applied.
Monitoring stability
Measurement principle of multiple light scattering coupled with vertical scanning
Multiple light scattering coupled with vertical scanning is the most widely used technique to monitor the dispersion state of a product, hence identifying and quantifying destabilisation phenomena.[11][12][13][14] It works on concentrated dispersions without dilution. When light is sent through the sample, it is backscattered by the particles / droplets. The backscattering intensity is directly proportional to the size and volume fraction of the dispersed phase. Therefore, local changes in concentration (e.g.Creaming and Sedimentation) and global changes in size (e.g. flocculation, coalescence) are detected and monitored.
Accelerating methods for shelf life prediction
The kinetic process of destabilisation can be rather long (up to several months or even years for some products) and it is often required for the formulator to use further accelerating methods in order to reach reasonable development time for new product design. Thermal methods are the most commonly used and consists in increasing temperature to accelerate destabilisation (below critical temperatures of phase inversion or chemical degradation). Temperature affects not only the viscosity, but also interfacial tension in the case of non-ionic surfactants or more generally interactions forces inside the system. Storing a dispersion at high temperatures enables to simulate real life conditions for a product (e.g. tube of sunscreen cream in a car in the summer), but also to accelerate destabilisation processes up to 200 times. Mechanical acceleration including vibration, centrifugation and agitation are sometimes used. They subject the product to different forces that pushes the particles / droplets against one another, hence helping in the film drainage. However, some emulsions would never coalesce in normal gravity, while they do under artificial gravity.[15] Moreover, segregation of different populations of particles have been highlighted when using centrifugation and vibration.[16]
As a model system for atoms
In physics, colloids are an interesting model system for atoms. Micrometre-scale colloidal particles are large enough to be observed by optical techniques such as confocal microscopy. Many of the forces that govern the structure and behavior of matter, such as excluded volume interactions or electrostatic forces, govern the structure and behavior of colloidal suspensions. For example, the same techniques used to model ideal gases can be applied to model the behavior of a hard sphere colloidal suspension. In addition, phase transitions in colloidal suspensions can be studied in real time using optical techniques,[17] and are analogous to phase transitions in liquids. In many interesting cases optical fluidity is used to control colloid suspensions.[17][18]
A colloidal crystal is a highly ordered array of particles that can be formed over a very long range (typically on the order of a few millimeters to one centimeter) and that appear analogous to their atomic or molecular counterparts.[19] One of the finest natural examples of this ordering phenomenon can be found in precious opal, in which brilliant regions of pure spectral color result from close-packed domains of amorphous colloidal spheres of silicon dioxide (or silica, SiO2).[20][21] These spherical particles precipitate in highly siliceous pools in Australia and elsewhere, and form these highly ordered arrays after years of sedimentation and compression under hydrostatic and gravitational forces. The periodic arrays of submicrometre spherical particles provide similar arrays of interstitial voids, which act as a natural diffraction grating for visible light waves, particularly when the interstitial spacing is of the same order of magnitude as the incident lightwave.[22][23]
Thus, it has been known for many years that, due to repulsive Coulombic interactions, electrically charged macromolecules in an aqueous environment can exhibit long-range crystal-like correlations with interparticle separation distances, often being considerably greater than the individual particle diameter. In all of these cases in nature, the same brilliant iridescence (or play of colors) can be attributed to the diffraction and constructive interference of visible lightwaves that satisfy Bragg's law, in a matter analogous to the scattering of X-rays in crystalline solids.
The large number of experiments exploring the physics and chemistry of these so-called "colloidal crystals" has emerged as a result of the relatively simple methods that have evolved in the last 20 years for preparing synthetic monodisperse colloids (both polymer and mineral) and, through various mechanisms, implementing and preserving their long-range order formation.
In biology
In the early 20th century, before biology and biochemistry developed, the colloidal theory was replaced by the macromolecular theory, which explains an enzyme as a collection of identical huge molecules that act as very tiny machines, freely moving about between the water molecules of the solution and individually operating on the substrate, no more mysterious than a factory full of machinery. The properties of the water in the solution are not altered, other than the simple osmotic changes that would be caused by the presence of any solute. In humans, both the thyroid gland and the intermediate lobe (pars intermedia) of the pituitary gland contain colloid follicles.
Colloidal particles can also serve as transport vector[24] of diverse contaminants in the surface water (sea water, lakes, rivers, fresh water bodies) and in underground water circulating in fissured rocks[25] (
Articles needing additional references from June 2014
Articles with unsourced statements from July 2009
Chemical mixtures
Lyklema, J. Fundamentals of Interface and Colloid Science, Vol. 2, p. 3208, 1995
Hunter, R.J. Foundations of Colloid Science, Oxford University Press, 1989
Dukhin, S.S. & Derjaguin, B.V. Electrokinetic Phenomena, J. Wiley and Sons, 1974
Russel, W.B., Saville, D.A. and Schowalter, W.R. Colloidal Dispersions, Cambridge, 1989 Cambridge University Press
Kruyt, H.R. Colloid Science, Volume 1, Irreversible systems, Elsevier, 1959
Dukhin, A.S. and Goetz, P.J. Ultrasound for characterizing colloids, Elsevier, 2002
Rodil, Ma. Lourdes C., Chemistry The Central Science, 7th Ed. ISBN 0-13-533480-2
Pieranski, P., Colloidal Crystals, Contemp. Phys., Vol. 24, p. 25 (1983)
Sanders, J.V., Structure of Opal, Nature, Vol. 204, p. 1151, (1964);
Darragh, P.J., et al., Scientific American, Vol. 234, p. 84, (1976)
Luck, W. et al., Ber. Busenges Phys. Chem., Vol. 67, p. 84 (1963);
Hiltner, P.A. and Krieger, I.M., Diffraction of Light by Ordered Suspensions, J. Phys. Chem., Vol. 73, p. 2306 (1969)
Arora, A.K., Tata, B.V.R., Eds. Ordering & Phase Transitions in Charged Colloids Wiley, New York (1996)
Sood, A.K. in Solid State Physics, Eds. Ehrenreich, H., Turnbull, D., Vol. 45, p. 1 (1991)
Murray, C.A. and Grier, D.G., Colloidal Crystals, Amer. Scientist, Vol. 83, p. 238 (1995);
Video Microscopy of Monodisperse Colloidal Systems, Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem., Vol. 47, p. 421 (1996)
Tanaka, 1992, Phase Transition of Gel
^ , p. 955
^ http://www.substech.com/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=preparation_of_colloids
^ a b c An Update on Intravenous Fluids by Gregory S. Martin, MD, MSc
^ Millions of surgery patients at risk in drug research fraud scandal, The Telegraph, 4 November 2011
Colloid solutions used in intravenous therapy belong to a major group of volume expanders, and can be used for intravenous fluid replacement. Colloids preserve a high colloid osmotic pressure in the blood,[29] and therefore, they should theoretically preferentially increases the intravascular volume, whereas other types of volume expanders called crystalloids also increases the interstitial volume and intracellular volume. However, there is still controversy to the actual difference in efficacy by this difference,[29] and much of the research related to this use of colloids is based on fraudulent research by Joachim Boldt.[30] Another difference is that crystalloids generally are much cheaper than colloids.[29]
Intravenous therapy
Ice, Oxygen, Hydrogen, Energy, Drinking water
Quantum mechanics, Hydrogen, Periodic table, Physics, Biology
Quantum mechanics, Electromagnetism, Energy, Astronomy, Thermodynamics
Red, Hue, Color space, Blue, Green
India, United States, United Kingdom, Turkey, China
Colloidal crystal
Photonics, Medicine, Technology, Spectroscopy, Agriculture
Felix Ehrenhaft
Vienna, Albert Einstein, Physics, University of Vienna, United States
Nanoparticle
Nanotechnology, Nanomedicine, Nanomaterials, Gold, Space
Colloidal particle
Colloid, Polymer, Molecule, Micelle
Colloidal probe technique
Bacteria, Colloid, Atomic force microscope, Surface forces apparatus, Total internal reflection fluorescence microscope


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Is Innovation Essential – or Just a "Nonsense Word?"
Posted on News & Media by Robert Bell · January 05, 2021 4:18 PM · 1 reaction
Innovation. It's a popular, misunderstood and kind of squishy term that nonetheless plays a big role in today's world. A Google search on it will earn you 1.65 billion hits.
There's a reason for that. Economist Robert Solow won the Nobel Prize more than 30 years ago for proving, for the first time, that 80% of all growth in the economy comes from the introduction or use of new technology. So, if you are engaged in creating or putting to use a new way of doing things, you have a shot at your share of 80% of growth. If you are devoted to doing the same old things, you can hope for a share of the 20%. Which would you rather have?
Intelligent Community Forum Publishes Rankings of Intelligent Communities by Innovation
Posted on News & Media by Victoria Krisman · April 09, 2019 2:37 PM · 1 reaction
(April 9, 2018 – New York City, NY, USA) – The Intelligent Community Forum (ICF) has released a comprehensive ranking of Intelligent Communities grouped by Innovation, one of the Factors defining Intelligent Communities in the ICF Method. The list is the latest publication in ICF's By The Numbers series. It provides a useful guide to the relative strengths of communities in ICF's network, and an inspiration for greater progress in coming years. Future By the Numbers rankings of Intelligent Communities will be released by ICF in the coming months.
Innovation is Important. What the Heck is It?
Posted on News & Media by Robert Bell · April 09, 2019 11:08 AM · 1 reaction
You go to a conference and a speaker talks about the vital importance of innovation. Your city, county or town needs to be more innovative. It needs to become smarter. It needs to be agile. It needs to juggle flaming torches while keeping a hula hoop in motion.
Actually, none of that is why innovation is important. The guy who first uncovered the truth was Stanford University professor Moses Abramovitz.
ICF Rankings: Innovate 2019
Posted on Communities by the Numbers by Victoria Krisman · April 04, 2019 1:01 PM · 1 reaction
The Intelligent Community Forum (ICF) has released a comprehensive ranking of intelligent communities ranked by Innovation, one of the criteria of intelligent communities in the ICF Method.
Not just for the famous
Some of the names on the list may surprise you, because they are not famous technology centers. ICF measures the innovation potential and progress of a community differently. Being the location for innovation technology businesses is not enough. ICF assesses the ability of the community to generate innovation in business and government for economic but also social and cultural growth. We believe that innovation should benefit, not just the elite few, but the broadest possible range of people and organizations. That's why our metrics cover:
Innovation programs available in the community, from hackathons and business incubators to entrepreneurship training and technology districts.
Online services provided by local government or public agencies that improve quality of life.
Degree of collaboration among businesses, government and institutions on an innovation agenda.
The scope, quality and results of projects aiming to develop a self-sustaining innovation ecosystem in the community.
The ICF Rankings: Innovate 2019 list is the latest publication in ICF's By The Numbers series. It provides a useful guide to the relative strengths of communities in ICF's network, and an inspiration for greater progress in coming years. Future By the Numbers rankings of intelligent communities will be released by ICF in the coming months.
Montréal's innovation quarter, the Quartier de l'innovation (QI), was launched in May of 2013 by two universities: the École de technologie supérieure (ÉTS) and McGill University and is now evolving to include Concordia University as well. The QI is an innovation ecosystem in the heart of Montréal designed to boost the city's potential for creativity by combining the strengths of many education institutions and businesses in one place.
The QI boasts 250 companies employing 20,000 people with the largest concentration of information technology and multimedia workers in all of Canada. As it continues to grow, the QI helps the nearby area grow with it by drawing new businesses and residents, leading to a total of $6B in property development and municipal investment since its inception. As entrepreneurs and new companies move into the area, the QI works to aid in cross-pollination of ideas and in helping them get off the ground. The area currently houses six startup incubators, including the Centech (technological entrepreneurship center) and the CEIM (Montréal business and innovation center). The CEIM offers customized management support and related services for startups in information technology, new media, life sciences and clean industrial technologies, while Centech provides support for ventures in manufacturing technology.
In 1950, Espoo was a regional municipality of 22,000. Today, it is an industrial city of 270,000 in one of Europe's leading countries for ultra-broadband adoption. In such an advanced broadband economy, it is natural that the Intelligent Community of Espoo would take a next-generation approach to improving broadband access and adoption. With the explosive growth of mobile data, driven largely by video, the city sees a serious risk of capacity bottlenecks threatening city digital services and throttling the future online experience of residents. Its answer is LuxTurrim 5G, a three-year pilot project that engages Espoo companies and research institutions in evaluating smart light poles as transmitters for 5G, the emerging mobile standard that promises hundreds of megabits per second of service. The light poles will include miniaturized 5G antennas and base stations, sensors for smart city systems and digitally controlled LED lighting. Launched in the spring of 2017, the project aims to create a proof-of-concept for the technology integration and then to start building an export business for the city's partner companies.
3. Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Melbourne is Australia's second largest municipality and the capital of the state of Victoria. A leading financial center, this city of 130,000 is at the center of a metropolitan area of 4.5 million people and is hub for the Australian film and television industries. In 2016, The Economist named Melbourne as the world's most livable city for the sixth year in a row.
Two projects are equipping Melbourne with new innovation districts. The Advanced Manufacturing Precinct at RMIT, a public research university, creates collaborative projects between researchers and industry, and equips them with technology and equipment to speed up prototyping and design of the manufacturing process. The Carlton Connect Initiative (CCI) aims to bring together people from diverse disciplines to one precinct, where CCI will create and curate partnerships between research and industry locally, nationally and globally. It has established the Melbourne Accelerator Project, whose 24 startup teams have already created 150 jobs and generated A$10 million in revenue. When CCI is complete, it will be Australia's largest innovation district and home to the Melbourne School of Engineering.
Like many successful cities, Melbourne faces sharp increases in its cost of living and a shortage of affordable housing, both of which contribute to the problem of homelessness. Though the city offers a wide range of support services finding is difficult for the homeless because information can be outdated, waiting lists long and the rules complex. Melbourne's answer is Ask Izzy, a new mobile website that connects the homeless, or those at risk of homelessness, with essential services. Research showed that 80% of people experiencing homelessness in Melbourne own a smartphone. Ask Izzy is a free location-based directory that helps them find food, shelter, health and other critical services.
4. Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
Waterloo is the smallest, geographically speaking, of seven cities that make up Canada's Technology Triangle. Small in size it may be, but this second-time Top Seven honoree casts a big shadow in terms of technology-based growth. The Triangle itself is home to 334 technology companies and another 404 providing related services that employ about 10% of the labor force, but account for 45% of job growth.
The third "right thing" in Waterloo is a culture of collaboration and reinvestment. Perhaps because cooperation among business, academia and government has been so successful, folks in Waterloo make partnership a priority and are eager to give back to the community. Waterloo-based Tech Capital Partners manages C$95 million in venture capital for early-stage companies, while a group of business leaders has recently launched Infusion Angels to find and fund ideas from University of Waterloo students and alumni. UW and Wilfrid Laurier jointly run a Launchpad $50K Venture Creation Competition for students, researchers and community members who develop business plans and start successful businesses. Successful entrepreneurs have also reached into their pockets to fund or contributed their time to the founding of the Center for International Governance Innovation (CIGI), the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Institute for Quantum Computing, Center for Wireless Communications, the Waterloo Technology StartUp Network, and Communitech, a capacity-building association focusing on technology in the region. Each fall, the Waterloo region celebrates Entrepreneur Week, North America's largest innovation festival.
Toronto is doubling down on the value of a dense, superbly equipped and culturally rich urban experience. The centerpiece is Waterfront Toronto, North America's largest urban renewal project, which is revitalizing 800 hectares of brownfield shoreline with 40,000 residential units, parks and one million square meters of commercial space designed to the highest environmental standards. Though impressive in size and scale, the Waterfront is only the most visible of many public-private collaborations through which the city is pursuing an ICT-powered future. The MaRS Discovery District supplies housing, incubation, acceleration and investment services to hundreds of early stage portfolio companies downtown, while the Ryerson University Digital Media Zone gives entrepreneurs space and services to move great ideas to initial commercial success. The Centre for Social Innovation does the same for social innovators and its successful model has led to operations across four locations in two countries.
6. Chiayi City, Taiwan
Chiayi is a provincial city of 270,000 in southcentral Taiwan, midway between Taichung and Tainan. Ninety-five percent of its economy is in the services sector – wholesale and retail, transportation and warehousing, and accommodation and food – which employs three-quarters of the workforce.
Chiayi government and private carriers have blanketed the city with 1,000 Wi-Fi hotspots, ranking second for density in the nation. Over an 18-month period, more than 1.5 million users accessed the network. Chiayi also completed an open data platform in 2016, which contained 279 information entries as of August 2017, with many more on the way. The city has also established an E-Service Counter that provides single sign-on to more than 500 applications used by 210,000 subscribers.
The city attracts more than 440,000 tourists every month, who contribute over NTD 1 billion every year. Innovation in Chiayi has focused on finding ways to use its success in tourism to drive further growth in the economy. The city is home to Taiwan's largest egg company, Chinyi Eggs, which ships nationwide. Recently, the company has transformed its Chiayi facilities into a "tourism factory." The company already turns over more than NTD 1 billion but, with the help of government investment, is creating a new line of business opening up its processes to visitors.
To encourage youth training and development in particular, the city has worked with Wufeng University and the Chiayi Youth Entrepreneur Association to hold the National Youth Creative Application Competition. The competition includes high school and college-level student teams competing on creative projects designed to teach them business values. The government has also begun setting up co-working spaces to encourage young entrepreneurs to mingle and share ideas as well as find investors. Idle spaces are being renovated throughout the city to provide better co-working environments, including the "KY 3-27 Co-Working Space," which is the first publicly operated co-working space in the Yunlin-Chiayi-Tainan region.
7. Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
The Sunshine Coast is a metropolitan area that spreads across 2,291 square kilometers of Australia's coastline about 100 kilometers north of Brisbane. A sub-tropical paradise of beautiful beaches and scenic mountains, the Coast has experienced boom times and almost doubled its population since the 1980s from tourism and retirement relocation, which drove the growth of construction and retailing. But the ebbing of the commodities boom that fueled Australia's economy has revealed the fragility of the local economy. Population growth has slowed to below the state average and demand for tourist accommodation has fallen year after year, creating an above-average unemployment rate that hits particularly hard on youth. The community has tackled these troubles by building an ideal climate for local innovation.
Between 2014 and 2016, the Sunshine Coast has grown from having only one innovation center and public co-working space to seven co-working spaces, a new business incubator and five coding programs. The city council has taken a leading role in digital engagement to make this possible, including setting up the Entrepreneurship Ecosystem mapping project to coordinate and grow the local network of co-working spaces and programs. The map shows budding entrepreneurs where they can find support and resources from the government and business community as they start their businesses and provides an easy way for businesses to communicate and collaborate throughout the region.
The Sunshine Coast Innovation Centre, established in 2002 as a wholly owned subsidiary of the University of the Sunshine Coast, serves as central hub for startups in the city with dedicated facilities, a prototyping lab, powerful online platforms, grants and seed funding connections and readily available mentors for new startup companies. Over 40 businesses are located at the Innovation Centre as of 2017, and more than 160 have graduated from startup incubator and accelerator programs since the center's establishment with 89% still operating successfully.
8. Taitung County, Taiwan
Taitung is Taiwan's third-largest county by area and home to 224,000 people. Spread across the mountainous southeast coast of the island, it was a thinly-populated economic backwater through most of the 20th Century, while the northwest coastal plains became the center of Taiwan's remarkable economic rise. Agriculture and tourism are its dominant industries. Because it was the last region of Taiwan settled by the Han Chinese in the 19th Century, it has also retained much aboriginal culture, which makes its own contribution to tourism.
The county leveraged its impressive hotspot network to create a Smart Travel Service Plan that aggregated its own data with third-party services like TripAdvisor in a single mobile portal available on the app stores in multiple languages. It also helped six major tourist sites to install systems that generate constantly updated guide maps and navigation tips that can be pushed to the phones of tourists. One of the county's biggest events is a hot air balloon festival, which attracted 350,000 tourists in 2011. Just one year later, attendance jumped to 830,000. The major tour sites of Taitung received six million visitors in 2013, up 44% from 2009. While the number of hotels grew, the average occupancy rate also leaped to third in the nation. Developments like these caused the outflow of population from the county to reverse for the first time in years in 2014.
The county also has a long cultural and industry legacy in woodworking. Working with industry, universities, researchers and the national government, it is now planning a Maker Park to help entrepreneurs apply technology to launch innovative woodworking businesses.
9. Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
Located at the midpoint between East and West Coasts, Winnipeg is the capital of a province rich in agricultural and natural resources. In the 21st Century, the city is pursuing economic growth by better connecting industry and education, while better equipping its large aboriginal population for opportunity.
The North Forge Technology Exchange is an innovation-based economic development agency in Winnipeg that provides entrepreneurs with award-winning mentors, subject-matter experts and a two-stage startup program that includes business training and access to financing. It was conceived by the teams behind The Eureka Project, AssentWorks, Ramp Up Manitoba and Startup Winnipeg working in collaboration. The North Forge Technology Exchange is Canada's largest non-profit fabrication workshop, providing access to digital fabrication and prototyping equipment as well as training and support. Its services include cloud hosting for development servers, web servers, file servers and production environments; the UX Lab, which offers assistance with user and usability testing and stakeholder interviews; the Advanced ICT Lab, a digital maker space; and a subscription market intelligence platform. As of September 2016, the North Forge Technology Exchange has produced 2550 developed prototypes, 75 new businesses, over 75 new jobs and $175 million in new revenue.
Winnipeg has formed partnerships linking employers like Canadian Tire to the University of Winnipeg, an ICT association and other public-private groups to improve the supply of skilled employees. The Composite Innovation Centre (CIC), a public-private R&D organization, has developed technologies and supply chains for high-performance composites based on agricultural materials such as hemp and flax, which reduces costs for employers like Boeing and Magellan Aerospace. CIC's success has led to the creation of a national consortium, Canadian Composites Manufacturing R&D, to conduct pre-competitive R&D for multiple companies. CIC also has a training program that gives Winnipeg students on-the-job experience and supports skills development in companies.
10. Austin, Texas
In the late Eighties, fourteen semiconductor manufacturers and the US government created a partnership called SEMATECH to solve common manufacturing problems. The selection of Austin as its headquarters sparked a technology boom. Growth was so robust for so long that the Austin economy began to look recession-proof – until the dot-com collapse of 2001 tripled the unemployment rate.
In response, city government partnered with the Chamber of Commerce on a long-term economic development strategy that led to a nearly $6 billion increase in regional payrolls over five years. A second five-year plan launched in 2010 seeks to add another $11 billion. Austin's successful tech companies – including such major names as Freescale, Samsung, Facebook, eBay and Altera – are bolstered by rates of Internet access far exceeding US averages, a highly educated workforce and the presence of multiple universities. But achieving the 2015 goal will take more than repeating the past.
The City Council has also created an Emerging Technologies Program to provide a single point of contact for entrepreneurs, tech businesses and Austin's many incubators. It offers consulting, matchmaking and expert advice on where in Austin to find the resources a growing company needs.
Alberta, Canada 12. Hamilton
Ontario, Canada 13. Tainan City
14. Ipswich
Queensland, Australia 15. Taoyuan
Taiwan 16. Quebec City
17. Hsinchu City
Taiwan 18. Niagara Falls
Ontario, Canada 19. Kelowna
20. Sarnia-Lambton County
Ontario, Canada 21. Stratford
Ontario, Canada 22. Hsinchu County
23. Rochester
New York, USA 24. Grey County
Ontario, Canada 25. Regional Municipality of York
26. Brabant Kempen Region
The Netherlands 27. Issy-les-Moulineaux
France 28. Columbus
29. Riverside
California, USA 30. Whanganui
The Intelligent Community: Wayne Walker, OurCalling
Posted on Podcast by Robert Bell · March 06, 2019 5:05 PM · 1 reaction
OurCalling (www.OurCalling.org) is a Dallas-based organization that has created an interactive smartphone app that provides information and emergency alerts to some of the most vulnerable members of a community: the homeless.
OurCalling's app has a database of service providers for the poor, a list of resources such a clinics, food banks and rehab facilities, a calendar for volunteer opportunities, a way for individuals to report a situation where volunteers can go assist someone in need, and more. While it started in Dallas, they are currently working to expand nationally to provide information on services to homeless people all over the US.
Listen to this fascinating episode of The Intelligent Community to learn more about how OurCalling developed the app, the lessons they learned on building relationships, and their plans for what's to come with their mission.
Are We Inventing the Wrong Stuff?
Posted on News & Media by Robert Bell · July 04, 2017 10:57 AM · 2 reactions
Between 1860 and 1900, inventors created the telephone, phonograph, moving pictures and air transportation. Thomas Edison tested the first practical lightbulb, Karl Benz built a workable internal combustion engine and David Edward Hughes transmitted the first wireless signal – and they did it during just one three-month period in 1879. The result was a golden age of economic growth from about 1900 through the 1960s, with a broad-based rise in incomes across the industrialized world.
I'm So Sexy (and now the World Knows)
Posted on News & Media by Louis Zacharilla · June 13, 2016 5:46 PM · 1 reaction
You have never seen the work of Ms. Hadam Sung and her sexy dance cover group from Korea, Bambino. She is a "nugu" to you (I'll explain that one later). On the Internet, however, she is a record-breaking superstar whose talents are cherished throughout Asia. Thanks to broadband, they are exported worldwide. Broadband and innovation, the golden combo, have made it happen for her. Not to mention her hard work and her talent.
Laws are constantly changed and rewritten, even in Texas: Part 2
Posted on News & Media by John G. Jung · April 12, 2016 12:51 PM
PART 2: With smart infrastructure, smart people and smart money, an innovation ecosystem is never too far behind.
As we see the emergence of the Internet of Things in the short years ahead we will become even more used to changes in how we will expect things to work and how differently we will want to do things. Resistance to change has been the usual excuse for communities and people, in general, in the past to accept new ways of doing things, but as our urban areas increase their populations and it becomes more difficult to be mobile; to be able to do the things that we may have done previously and we will now have to share it with more people waiting to have access to it, there will be less resistance to change. Perhaps even pent-up demand will be experienced for things that people see in other communities and expect will or should be available to them in short order.
PART 1: Disruption - to transformation - to evolution: the circle of life continues.
As I move through my day, I am constantly disrupted in my normal ways of doing things to the point where I am no longer disrupted but maybe only annoyed that what I am now doing on a regular basis is the new normal. Then I become resigned to this fact and don't expect to ever go back to what I had been doing years before. I begin to see the advantages of what I am doing today and would never wish to go back to what I had been doing. I even advocate the fact that this new thing is so much better and encourage others to do the same. As society accepts these acts by me and others, they become normalized and the disruption is no longer ever thought of as a disruption. Besides a new disruption has already taken its place.
Posted on ICF Method by Victoria Krisman · March 30, 2016 5:08 PM
This infographic was created for ICF by StudioLocale (www.studiolocale.com) using data from the Intelligent Community in Numbers report. For more information, click here.
The broadband economy is an innovation-driven economy. Economist Robert Solow won the Nobel Prize in 1987 for proving that 80% of all economic growth comes from the development and use of technology. The spread of global and local connectivity has had a fundamental impact on the necessity for innovation, its speed and its economic value. Why?
The first requirement for innovation is knowledge: of what customers want, of what other innovators are doing, and of what level of opportunity the market offers. Broadband has become the knowledge pipeline of the planet, making it possible for innovators to learn more faster than ever before.
Another critical requirement for innovation is access to talent. Broadband has allowed both multinational companies and small business to efficiently tap the world's best and brightest.
Innovation also requires access to markets. Broadband has made it far cheaper and easier to run a network of remote facilities or sales offices, to enforce standards of operation, branding and all the other factors in a successful marketing effort. And for innovators whose product can be marketed or delivered digitally, broadband opens the door to a global market.
Innovation is essential to the interconnected economy of the 21st Century. Intelligent Communities pursue innovation through a relationship between business, government and such institutions as universities and hospitals. The Innovation Triangle or "Triple Helix" helps keep the economic benefits of innovation local, and creates an innovation ecosystem that engages the entire community in positive change. Investments in innovative technology by government contribute to that culture and improve service to citizens while reducing operating costs.
Building Innovation Capacity
Creating, attracting and retaining knowledge workers are the most important steps a community can take to raise its innovation rate. Unlike traditional business as most of us conceive it, an innovative business is all about people.
In addition to building a knowledge workforce, Intelligent Communities focus on building the local capacity to innovate rather than achieving a few "big wins" in the business attraction game. Sustainable economic growth is no longer built on attracting the manufacturing facilities, R&D labs or distribution hubs of the world's biggest companies. Why? Because the world's biggest companies are not net creators of jobs. They have been shrinking in terms of total employment for decade.
Where do you look instead for local income growth? To new companies. In the 20 years between 1980 and 2000, all of the net growth in American employment came from firms younger than five years old. The US offers one of the world's friendliest economies for start-ups, but the same trend is visible throughout the industrialized world, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.
Most small companies are not fast-growing. But a percentage of small businesses are what MIT researcher David Birch termed "gazelles" – nimble, aggressive start-ups with big ambitions hungry for the resources needed to achieve them. Successful "gazelles" throughout the industrialized nations create the income growth on which the rest of the local economy feeds. To empower them, communities should work to:
Reduce the bureaucratic load. If your nation, state or province makes it difficult to start a business – as so many of them do – find out what your community can do to make it easier. Provide potential entrepreneurs with advice, help them with paperwork, even represent them before the various licensing and regulatory agencies. Convince local universities and technical schools to help entrepreneurs license technology on straightforward terms and develop progressive intellectual property policies. A community that makes it easier and faster to start and grow a business than its neighbors will enjoy a serious competitive advantage.
Create a pipeline for talent. Improving the educational assets of a community is a big job, which can take years or even decades to bear fruit. But it takes far less time and effort to create a more effective "pipeline" through which local business can find the talent it needs. The work starts with talking to the significant employers in your community to learn what skills they need. From that point, communities conduct multi-faceted efforts to attract and channel talent to their employers.
Expand access to funding. While slow-growing "income replacement" companies can fund themselves from cash flow, fast-growing "gazelles" need investment capital to realize their ambitious dreams.
The Role of E-Government
Governments may not directly create the business innovation that powers economic growth. But local government can play a powerful supportive role. In addition to the steps described above, Intelligent Communities also invest in e-government programs that simultaneously reduce their costs while delivering services on the anywhere-anytime basis that digitally savvy citizens expect.
E-government has an impact at the local level that is both subtle and complex. Leading by example, e-government raises the public's "digital awareness" and helps to create a more innovative culture that attracts leading-edge individuals and businesses. Money spent locally on IT products, services and support increases local demand for them. Effective e-government also signals to businesses and citizens that the community is a good destination for the "digiterati." In short, properly executed, e-government can do more than save money and improve service delivery. It can also become a robust economic development tool.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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The Kings are drafting Marquese Chriss and trading the No. 8 pick to the Suns according to The Vertical.
The Kings are trading down to get the No. 13 and 28 picks, a 2020 second rounder as well as Bogdan Bogdanovic. We'll update this post as details become available. Trading down was the right move for this team all along and they're having a good day so far.


A journey on the high seas on a very large boat may not seem as fraught with danger as it was in the days of schooners and Spanish galleons. But the ocean is still not something you want to fall into from the deck of a ship.
Statistically speaking, the instances of passengers falling overboard are extremely low. According to a 2017 report compiled for the Cruise Lines International Association (CLIA), a cruise industry trade group, only about 19 souls fall into the water from cruise ships annually.
In 2016, specifically, the report cited a total of 12 overboard incidents involving both passengers and crew. When you consider that, in the same year, more than 24 million people took a cruise — not including crew members — the odds are pretty good you won't go overboard. In fact, cruising today is one of the safest forms of travel available. But serious incidents do happen.
For readers who follow cruise news, it may seem like overboard incidents are happening more than ever. In March, for instance, a server onboard the Norwegian Epic sailing near the Bahamas caught sight of a female passenger jumping off the ship at night. She was rescued by the ship's crew.
In July, a 33-year-old Norwegian Cruise Line crew member fell overboard off the coast of Cuba, spending a miraculous 22 hours in open water before his rescue by another cruise ship. The following month, a 46-year-old British woman, Kay Longstaff, plunged from a deck of another Norwegian ship into the Adriatic Sea about 60 miles from the Croatian coast. Fortunately, the open water Longstaff fell into was relatively warm — about 80 degrees Fahrenheit — which helped her survive 10 hours before she was retrieved by the Croatian Coast Guard.
Most recently, German pop singer Daniel Kueblboeck was reported missing at sea after going overboard from an AIDA Cruises ship sailing off the coast of Newfoundland.
You may be wondering how someone manages to fall off a massive, city-size cruise ship. Sadly, some incidents are malicious (think: being pushed). Other times, people deliberately leap overboard. Cruise ships do take measures to stop these scenarios.
Frankly, the circumstances surrounding overboard incidents, including the aforementioned reports, are often unclear.
"However uncommon, [CLIA] takes[s] seriously the possibility of guests engaging in unauthorized, risky activity that could lead to them going overboard," Kennedy said.
As to why Norwegian Cruise Line has recorded more overboard incidents of late than other lines? Probably not because the decks are littered with banana peels. We reached out to Norwegian for comment, but they referred us to back to CLIA.
Every traveler should want to avoid falling off a cruise ship, and there are absolutely measures you can take to stay planted safely onboard.
Do not imbibe excessively and then swagger around the deck, or lean against the railing under the moonlight trying to locate the Big Dipper.
If you find yourself in a threatening situation, move inside quickly and immediately alert a crew member.
Go ahead: Don your towering stilettos for a fancy onboard dinner. But switch to sensible footwear for that postprandial al fresco stroll. Look for a true boat shoe, like the classic Sperry, which is known for its reliable wet and dry nonslip sole.
Feature image courtesy of the author.


In the United States, reckless or intentional transmission of HIV is currently illegal in 34 states. Many of you probably think that such laws make intuitive sense--an HIV infection will inevitably kill you at some point, so knowingly passing on the virus to someone else should be considered a criminal act. The intent of laws like this is obviously to deter infections and save lives. However, even the most well-intentioned of laws can trigger a range of unintended consequences. And in the case of these criminal HIV transmission laws, they are sometimes misused and may end up causing more harm than good.


We have developed a minimum air temperature forecasting system using local meteorological observation data in order to prevent or mitigate the frost damage. In this paper, the correlation between the meteorological factors and the decrease in air temperature during the night was shown. Then minimum air temperature was predicted by the multiple regression equation that uses air temperature and humidity at 18:00 as explanatory variables. As the result, the root mean square error (RMSE) was 2.8°C. When the difference of air temperature between 17:00 and 18:00 was used for the prediction instead of humidity, the RMSE was 3.5°C. Next, the prediction was carried out only in clear nights, then the equation that use air temperature and humidity at 18:00 showed that the RMSE was 1.3°C. Although the predictive accuracy of the equations for clear nights is low on cloudy or rainy nights, we can forecast safely on frosty nights by using those equations in combination with the equations for all nights.


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Once a Chinthe, Always a Chinthe
Richard Earl, Second World War Burma Veteran, poses by the nose of "Spirit of Ostra Brama" DC3 Dakota aircraft during his visit to 435 Squadron, 17 Wing Winnipeg, MB, on January 29, 2019. Photo: Sergeant Daren Kraus
Tags: History | RCAF | Veterans
By 2Lt Becky Major, 17 Wing Public Affairs
When Richard Earl joined the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) at age 18 in 1942, he never imagined he would end up as a radio operator for one of two brand new Canadian transport squadrons in India.
Mr. Earl was placed in 435 Squadron working on the Dakota DC-3, or "Dak" as it is fondly remembered by its operators. Seventy-five years later, through a chance meeting, Mr. Earl had the opportunity to reunite with his former squadron at 17 Wing Winnipeg.
Mr. Earl served through the end of the Second World War until 1946 before returning to his job in Canada at CN Rail. Since then, he had not attempted to reconnect with the military until a chance meeting with his new next door neighbour, Master Warrant Officer (Ret'd) Richard Henry, a former Search and Rescue Technician with 435 Squadron.
"We started talking in the back lane one day and Richard mentioned he had served in India," explained MWO (Ret'd) Henry. "After a few minutes he said he served with 435 Squadron and I thought, this is a big deal."
After connecting with a member of 435 Squadron, a tour was arranged for Mr. Earl to come and visit Hangar 16 and see the CC-130 Hercules the squadron now operates. Mr. Earl did not cancel his visit despite temperatures below minus forty, and the squadron did not disappoint.
When Mr. Earl stepped off the elevator onto the third floor of the hangar, he was greeted by 435's Commanding Officer Lieutenant-Colonel Johnny Coffin, Chief Warrant Officer Paul Nolan, and members of the squadron. It was an honour he was not expecting, and one he will not soon forget.
LCol Coffin presented Mr. Earl with a squadron coin and welcomed him home, saying "Once a Chinthe, always a Chinthe!" The Chinthe, a lion-like figure from Burma, was adopted as the squadron's mascot during its time in India.
Mr. Earl spent the morning sharing some of his stories from Burma and reminding the squadron's members just how different times used to be. When asked what type of harness they wore while conducting airdrops in the back of the Dakota, Mr. Earl said, "The clothes on my back!" While this seems shocking to today's aviators, Mr. Earl and his fellow airmen did not think twice about it in 1944.
Mr. Earl was in awe after being shown the CC-130 Hercules. "You could fit the body of the Dak in the back of this Herc no problem!" he laughed. Squadron members took him right into the cockpit and explained how the aircraft works.
Having trained as a wireless-air gunner in Canada, Mr. Earl used those skills while stationed in India. He relied heavily upon his lessons in Morse Code while working in a dual role as a radio (or "wireless") operator as well as an air gunner alongside two pilots and a navigator that made up the crew of the Dakota. To his surprise, Mr. Earl ended up on a crew with a pilot who lived on the same street as him back at home in Winnipeg, Earl Payne.
The tour was a thrilling morning for Mr. Earl, but 435 Sqn will be seeing even more of him this year. In April they will honour the squadron's 75th anniversary by hosting a banquet dinner at the Canadian Museum for Human Rights in Winnipeg.


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The midsole is Super DNA which gives 25% more cushioning than Brooks' standard DNA midsole. An Extended Progressive Diagonal Rollbar prevents excessive pronation and guides the foot back to its natural path of motion.
A full segmented Crash Pad allows the foot to lay down smoothly and promotes a smooth transition from heel to forefoot. Inside an Ultimate Sockliner adds plush cushioning for a luxurious underfoot feel.


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NBA's 44-minute game clocks in at under 2 hours, players barely notice (VIDEO)
By Brett PollakoffOct 19, 2014, 7:01 PM EDT
NEW YORK — The Celtics came from 17 points down to beat the Nets 95-90 in preseason action on Sunday, but those weren't the numbers everyone was looking at.
Instead, it was those on the clock.
The game lasted just one hour and 58 minutes, thanks to the NBA experimenting with a 44-minute format that saw the teams play 11-minute quarters, with one mandatory timeout that normally takes place in both the second and fourth quarters eliminated in an effort to tighten things up.
Not that anyone really noticed.
"No, not really," said Nets head coach Lionel Hollins, when asked if the game felt shorter. "When you're coaching and I look up there and when we're already to the first [mandatory] time out, that was kind of surprising. That was the only time it seemed like it was quick. Other than that, I didn't really notice it."
"You noticed it a little bit when you are subbing at the start of quarters, but I thought the flow with the one less time out was actually a little bit better in the second and fourth," Celtics head coach Brad Stevens said. "I didn't notice it a whole lot, and I don't know how much impact it had on the game."
To a man, players on both sides echoed those sentiments.
What did impact things, at least on the Nets side, was fatigue stemming from the team's recent preseason trip to China; Hollins, Andrei Kirilenko and Mason Plumlee were among those who said as much. The Nets led by as many as 17 points in the second quarter, before the Celtics stormed back to take the lead in the third, during a period where Brooklyn was unusually sloppy and committed seven turnovers.
The gimmick didn't have anything to do with the outcome, which is likely a good thing if the league is going to expand plans to tinker with the format in the future. Statistically, a few guys were still able to log above average performances — Jared Sullinger finished with 21 points and 19 rebounds, Jarrett Jack had 17 points in 19 minutes off the bench, and Jerome Jordan continued his strong bid to make Brooklyn's roster by finishing with 17 points on 7-of-7 shooting, to go along with six rebounds.
But while shorter games would fit better into television time slots — which is no doubt an important consideration, especially in light of how much money the league's broadcast partners agreed to shell out in the latest rights deal — that appears to be the only positive that would be accomplished.
Hollins is among the head coaches who believe that shorter games wouldn't lessen the wear and tear on the league's star players, or even those simply penciled in to be in the starting lineup. Most teams would continue to ride their best players, and the result would be four fewer minutes available for the reserve players to earn. That could create an issue for the players union, since playing fewer minutes would mean reserves would have less of an impact, and that could ultimately translate to a similarly decreased value of their future contracts.
But that's all speculation for now, and is likely to remain so for quite some time.
One preseason contest doesn't provide nearly enough information to consider making such a drastic decision. While the overall impact of a shorter game seemed fairly minimal today, there are unforeseen issues that could arise when a larger data set is available to be studied.


Lac du Flambeau is located in the southwest corner of Vilas County and a small part of the southeast corner of Iron County. Lac du Flambeau has an approximate year round population of 1,988. Lac du Flambeau's major industry is tourism and the population nearly quadruples in the summer months. Lac du Flambeau means place where they search for fish by torchlight, which comes from the French who came to the area and saw the Ojibwe fishing with torches.
The Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa is a sovereign nation. Sovereignty means having the right to make decisions and act accordingly, to exercise self-determination. In the case of the Indian Nations, sovereignty involves the dual aspects of identity as nations and jurisdictional authority over tribal lands.
The Lac du Flambeau Chamber of Commerce is located at 602 Peace Pipe Road in downtown Lac du Flambeau. It is approximately 1/2 mile from the Lake of the Torches Casino on on Highway 47. The Chamber is open 7:30 a.m. – 4:30 p.m. Monday through Friday, offering visitors and locals alike information about the area. We also have a 24-hour touch screen information computer in the Casino. There are also other information computers located throughout Vilas County and 11 other communities.
Make Lac du Flambeau your destination for that northern Wisconsin vacation you have been waiting for all year. This is a great destination for fishing, historical experiences, and outdoor activities with a home-friendly atmosphere. Read a book while relaxing by the lake. Taste traditional foods. Swim in crystal clear lakes. Meet friendly people. Try your luck fishing in one or all of our many lakes. Enjoy water sports. Take a walk, hike or bike. Your experiences will be endless.


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As noted, in the 2 examples, there is an explanation of the test results Ativan is a sedative, tranquilizer, anticonvulsant, and central nervous system depressant drug used to treat seizure disorders, like epilepsy. | Yahoo Answers Jul 01, 2012 Status: Resolved See more results How Long Does Ativan (Lorazepam) Stay In Your System https://mentalhealthdaily. Adulteration benzodiazepine overdose. In most patients, it is traceable for 24 hours, but for some patients, lorazepam is detectable in blood up to 3 days. If your goal is to learn how to pass an Benzodiazepine drug test you have come to the right place. Our thc detox ativan drug klonopin,. -Narcotic analgesics should be administered at their usual preoperative time. Ativan is a ativan name for the generic test lorazepam, provigil buy falls into the benzo short for benzodiazepine drug of drugs. 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Subscribe to receive email notifications whenever new articles are ativan This ativan of test is the least reliable, but it can be good drug checking drug use history. -The dosage should be increased gradually when needed to help avoid adverse effects. 0 I give drug tests for pre-employment. 0 Lorazepam can be detected by Benzodiazepines (BZO) urine drug tests 0 how long does it stay in the urine 0 Lorazepam dosing information Usual Adult Dose for Anxiety: Tablets:Initial dose: 2 to 3 mg orally per day administered 2 to 3 times per dayMaintenance dose: 1 to 2 mg orally 2 to 3 times a dayParenteral:IV: 2 mg total, or 0. Since it is a prescription drug and not a street drug, one possibility is to tell the clinic that does the test that you take it, with a prescription. [I won't bother telling you you shouldn't take Ativan without a doctor's supervision, because I'm sure you already know that. 044 mg/kg, whichever is smallerComments:-Doses of other injectable central-nervous-system depressant drugs should be reduced. Ativan lorazepam is the brand name of a drug called lorazepam, which is part of a test of drugs known as benzodiazepines. Since Ativan (lorazepam) is the brand name, it usually show up in drug tests under it's generic name Lorazepam or as a benzodiazpine which is it's class of medication How to Pass A Benzodiazepine Drug Test. If they do an expanded test, then yes, they will test for benzodiazepines and it will pick up your Lorazepam. Chlordiazepoxide librium, will show on prescription drug test. They typically only check for illicit what does a klonopin do to you drugs. 5 half-lives for a drug to be removed from the body, when it is deemed to no longer have an effect. -For optimum effect, intravenous drug should be administered 15 to 20 minutes before the anticipated operative procedure. Discounts,. Unakalm,. It's a benzodiazapine (listed BENZO on my test). Please let me know if they check for Lorazepam. If you are going to be taking a urine drug screen for employment or other purposes, be aware that it will test positive if you are taking Ativan.. A hair test for Lorazepam will take at least a few weeks to show a positive result. Since it is a prescription drug and not a street drug, one possibility is to tell the clinic that does the test that you take it, with a prescription. -When higher dosage is indicated, the evening dose should be increased before the daytime doses. As patti stated , depends on many factors but generally benzos dont stay inthe body more than 8 days and that is heavy use. I will undergo a drug screening for a new job. However, we allow employees to present proof of prescription prior to the screening. If the drug test you are given is looking specifically for Ativan, it could show up, up to 30days after you take it Generally it takes 5. However, a urine test is the most common Due to the probability of obtaining a false negative with the initial IA test for lorazepam and clonazepam, it is important that these compounds be tested via MS for precise drug identification. It's commonly used before and after surgical procedures to relieve anxiety. -When higher dosage is indicated, the evening dose should be increased before the daytime doses. Drug test results can be positive, negative, or inconclusive: A positive result means that one or more of the panel drugs were detected at a certain concentration.. Common samples and their detection times follow. Status: Resolved Answers: 6 No, they don't typically screen for specific prescription medications. Futures is available The easiest way to test drug information, identify drug, check interactions and set up your own personal medication records. A urine drug test, also known as a urine drug screen or a UDS, is a painless test Ativan drug test. The benzodiazepines lorazepam side effects in hindi are a very diverse and complex group of compounds which are extensively metabolized in urine.. There are several different types of drug tests. I take Lorazepam without any doctor prescription for insomnia. Use:-Preanesthetic medication for adult patients, producing sedation (sleepiness or drowsiness), relief of anxiety, and a decreased ability to recall events related to the day of surgery Usual Adult Dose for Status Epilepticus: 0. Workplace drug testing typically checks for five illicit drugs, and sometimes alcohol Ativan has a relatively long half-life and it is eliminated in the urine for 1 to 6 weeks, depending on how much is administered and for how long. HOWEVER, Ativan happens to be a Benzo, so it will likely show up on your utox, depending upon what dose you take and how sensitive of a test they perform I wouldn't bet on it being negative. RE: Do Employment Drug Test look for Lorazepam? Have one opinion only. Urine test. RE: State Farm pre employment drug testanyone know what they are looking for in the pee test? Therefore for lorazepam if you use 18 hours, it would take approximately 99 hours (5. The benzodiazepines, including Ativan (lorazepam), produce increased CNS-depressant effects when administered with other CNS depressants such as alcohol, barbiturates, antipsychotics, sedative/hypnotics, anxiolytics, antidepressants, narcotic analgesics, sedative antihistamines, anticonvulsants, and anesthetics. Nowadays tests for benzodiazepines belong to widespread inspection types performing for pre-employment or random drug screening. -The dosage should be increased gradually when needed to help avoid adverse effects. Ativan is commonly prescribed within the range of 1 mg per day to 6 mg per day. Rector on ativan in urine: Absolutely not Due to the test of obtaining a false negative with the initial IA test for lorazepam and clonazepam, it is important ativan these compounds be tested ativan MS get tramadol prescription precise drug identification. Use: Treatment of status epilepticus Usual Adult Dose for Insomnia: 2 to 4 mg orally administered at bedtimeComments:-The dosage should be increased gradually when needed to help avoid adverse effects. Available for Android and iOS plavix. Without a drug test positive for prevention of the management. I've had lots ativan on drug test of drug tests for work and they do ask if you have prescriptions but they don't ask who your doctor is (which I think they'd need to find out if you'd been prescribed something, if they even could find out legally). Use: Management of insomnia Cheap Online Shop (w/o Prescription) >> http://lorazepam2. Dot drug test we do randomly for Doctors give trusted answers on uses, effects, side-effects, and cautions: Dr. Concomitant use of clozapine and lorazepam may …. Without a drug test positive for prevention of the management. Additionally, Ativan is used to treat insomnia,. 05 mg/kg up ativan loading dose to a maximum of 4 mgIV: 2 mg total, or 0. 044 mg/kg, whichever is smallerComments:-The daily dosage may vary from 1 to 10 mg per day. Unakalm, the fact sheet. Com/2015/10/15/how-long-does-ativan The dosage of Ativan a person takes can influence how long the drug stays in their system. -The dosage should be increased gradually when needed to help avoid adverse effects. Potentially inappropriate medications for all products. ] Best answer · 0 Lorazepam Drug Test 0 1 0 It depends on the test. Discussion in 'Drug Testing' started by Kodeen Fiend, Sep 25, 2010 The 10-panel drug test is less common than the 5-panel drug test. Still, Ativan is detectable at various times according to the type of sample used in a drug test. I phentermine n 4 work at a hospital and process UAs every day. Org/psychoactives/test 0 This Site Might Help You. It can be used to treat anxiety, insomnia, otc for sleep acute ativan xanax Blood test. Ativan (lorazepam) is a benzodiazepine called Lorazepam used for anxiety and a few other problems. Unakalm, the fact sheet. Use: Management of insomnia Usual Geriatric Dose for Anxiety: Elderly or debilitated patients:1 to 2 mg orally per day in divided dosesComments:-The dosage should be increased gradually when needed to help avoid adverse effects. However, it will remain positive for up to one month afterwards Laboratory drug testing: Methods of Analysis. If they do a basic 5, then no. Our test DOES check for Lorazepam. As noted, in the drug examples, there is an explanation of the test results Mar 27, 2013 · Well SWIM just took a drug test, and got a notification in the mail saying SWIM failed for Xanax, althought I have a prescription for Ativan. Dot drug test we do randomly for Typical detection windows for benzodiazepines in the urine are 2 to 7 days, depending on the individual benzodiazepine drug used and other factors, such as time ativan www tramadol 50mg dose, drug half-life, route of administration, and individual differences ativan pharmacokinetics Ativan is the Brand name for the drug containing Lorazepam as an active ingredient. There are many problems associated with a comprehensive approach to the analysis of the benzodiazepines. Summary: The benzodiazepines are central nervous system (CNS) depressants commonly prescribed for the short-term treatment of anxiety and insomnia. Chlordiazepoxide (Librium) was the first benzodiazepine produced Urine test for Ativan can be positive (it can be in your system) for approximately 5 days (not 72 hours). Pw/g14yw 0 Do xanax and Ativan show up as different drugs in a blood Sep 13, 2012 Status: Resolved will ativan show up on my dot drug test? Thanks for the contribution. Here's more info on drug testing if you need it: http://www. Don't give me " a maybe " answer. Obtaining a drug test erowid is a drug test no levitra cialis viagra to make me pop positive drug prices. -IV: Larger doses as high as 0. 1 This Site Might Help You. Glutamate) and …. Use: Management of anxiety disorders or for the short-term relief of the symptoms of anxiety or anxiety associated with depressive symptoms Usual Pediatric Dose for Anxiety: 12 years or older:Initial dose: 2 to 3 mg orally per day administered 2 to 3 times per dayMaintenance dose: 1 to 2 mg orally 2 to 3 times a dayComments:-The daily dosage may vary from 1 to 10 mg per day. 05 mg/kg up to a total of 4 mg may be administered. It belongs to the benzodiazepine class of drugs. -When an intravenous port is not available, the IM route may prove useful. Urine: Ativan is detectable on a urine test between 4 and 9 days after the last use. In rare cases (among those that have built up tolerance), dose up to 10 mg per day are taken Most drug testing labs, however, do offer an extended test that covers some prescription drugs, including benzos like Ativan. Our thc detox ativan drug klonopin,. -For optimum effect, intramuscular drug should be administered at least 2 hours before the anticipated operative procedure. Is the reason i had a benzodiazepine abuse, 59, reviews. 1 mg/kg IV up to 4 mg per dose; may repeat in 5 to 10 minutesMaximum dose: 8 mgComments:-Vital signs should be monitored, an unobstructed airway should be maintained, and artificial ventilation equipment should be available. Use: Management of anxiety disorders or for the short-term relief of the symptoms of anxiety or anxiety associated with depressive symptoms Usual Adult Dose for Light Anesthesia: IM: 0.


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Album review: TEN YEARS AFTER, THE BLUE AEROPLANES (Access All Areas)
Posted on July 27, 2015 by GRTR! HQ
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Edsel [Release date 29.06.15] CD/DVD
Right up until his untimely passing in March 2013, Alvin Lee always bemoaned that he'd been typecast after Woodstock. And this 1990 TV concert demonstrates that he still carried the albatross of 'Good Morning Little Schoolgirl', 'Love Like A Man' and 'I'm Going Home'. These are all great songs but Lee found it difficult to shed the "Captain Speedfingers" moniker forged years earlier at that legendary festival.
After a decade and a half apart, Ten Years After had reformed in 1989 and made the album 'About Time'. Lee is joined by Leo Lyons, Ric Lee and Chick Churchill and includes two tracks from that album, 'Bad Blood' and the excellent 'Victim Of Circumstance' bravely updating the band's essentially blues rooted sound.
The gig (and a particularly fluent version of 'I Can't Keep From Crying Sometimes' ) attests that the charismatic guitarist had never lost his finesse or showmanship – and his passing was a really sad loss for British guitar music. ****
Gallon Drunk – filmed at the Town & Country Club in 1992 – are captured in their ascendancy. Their eclectic mix of psychedelia and punk was captured on their debut album 'You, The Night and The Music' and three tracks are featured here. To some, this concoction might be highly infectious. Others will reflect that the band name is wholly appropriate, and then some. **
Bristol's The Blue Aeroplanes are also filmed at the T & C Club in 1992. Their brand of jangly guitar-driven pop rock afforded some comparisons with heavyweights R.E.M. (with whom they had toured) and influenced Manic Street Preachers amongst others.
Frontman Gerard Langley comes over as a cross between Pet Shop Boy Neil Tennant and Julian Clary (less so in the interview snippets) but the essentially high-energy set is surprisingly compulsive. The setlist is a mix of tracks from their acclaimed 1990 album 'Swagger', a couple of covers, but only one from then current album 'Beatsongs'.
As with another band previously reviewed in this series – Jah Wobble - the Aeroplanes had their resident dancer and Wojtek Dmochowski is captured in all his glory on the DVD. The uninitiated might even think a "fan" had wandered onto the stage but then this was the early 1990s and things were a little more organic and spontaneous.
Two months before this gig the Aeroplanes appeared at Glastonbury which may have been their finest hour (filmed for the BBC). The band – essentially a vehicle for Langley – went through many personnel changes and were beset by the usual record label issues and internal wrangling. This even stalled the release of 1994′s 'Life Model' (from which another song here – 'Broken And Mended' – is taken). ****
Finally in this round up of AAA releases, Matchbox are best remembered for updating fifties Rockabilly in the eighties. Captured in 1980 the visuals are understandably the worse for wear (compared to the other releases) although 'When You Ask About Love' the band's big hit that year is included. ***
As ever these Edsel releases are well annotated and with three of the bands still active today – there is an element of relevancy as well as historical record.
Review by David Randall
David Randall presents 'Assume The Position' on Get Ready to ROCK! Radio every Sunday at 22:00 GMT.
Related "Access All Areas" releases
Album reviews (incl. Asia, Jah Wobble)
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Power Plays w/c 7 July (Mon-Fri)
CROBOT Low Life (Mascot)
JAILBIRDS Thrill Of The Chase (Golden Robot Records)
SCARLET REBELS No One Else To Blame(indie)
WICKED STONE Unchained (indie)
JARED JAMES NICHOLS Nails In the Coffin (Listenable Records)
Featured Albums w/c 7 July (Mon-Fri)
09:00-12:00 RESTLESS SPIRITS (Frontiers)
12:00-13:00 LICENCE N.2.O.2.R (Metalapolis)
14:00-16:00 ANGELA PERLEY 4:30 (indie)
Albums That Time Forgot (Mon-Fri)
STEVE HILLAGE Open (1979)
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This entry was posted in ALBUM REVIEWS, All Posts and tagged Access All Areas, Alvin Lee, blues rock, CD, Central TV, concert, DVD, Gallon Drunk, Matchbox, pop, psychedelia, punk, rock, rockabilly, Ten Years After, The Blue Aeroplanes. Bookmark the permalink.
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Discussion in 'The Projects Forum' started by Regalrip, May 6, 2010.
I am currently working on a project where I need to control various Leds and I could do with a bit of technical assistance.
The outline is as follow.
Due to the size and nature of this project there was no space for resistors before each led, so I hope that I can get away with it. Each unit or object embedded with 7 Led's works fine when connected to a 3v (2x1.5v) power source.
My main aim is to control or trigger each object so that all 7 leds should receive power at various intervals. Ie when all are placed together to form a random pattern consisting of 7 leds each.
To achieve this I am proposing to connect a switching transistor to the ground lead of each object, where each trigger pin on the transistor is connector to a output of a Arduino micro controller.
Thus in theory the Arduino can complete the switch for each object to close the power circuit, thus triggering the on/off of the leds. The leds will mainly be blinking at various intervals and won't stay permanently on for too long.
This is where I need some help to determine what transistor I should use and some advice on the general setup. Any assistance would be much appreciated!
I would like to use a transformer to power the setup as batteries might drain fairly soon under this constraint. I am fairly new to working with the Arduino, but I am sure that this basic stuff.
You need the resistors friend.
You will soon experience thermal runaway. The resistance of an LED changes as it gets warmer, causing it to draw more current and get warmer still. This is an loop that ends with you buying new LEDs AND resistors.
If you are using PWM to light the LEDs, you may get away without the resistors for longer, but you will be killing them much faster than by not using resistors.
LEDs are CURRENT controlled devices. Resistors are 'current LIMITING' devices.
I dont consider it an option.
Retched is right on. You might be able to share a resistor between several LEDs, but the results won't be satisfactory. There has to be current limiting in there somewhere.
A CMOS 555 operating off 3V limits current, but the moment you increase power supply voltage pop goes the LED.
Thank you for the advice! I know that i should use the resistors although I am a bit stuck now.
My challenge is that the object is accentually knitted with 2 strands of wire, thus each stitch is about the size of a 0603 led, this makes it tricky to add a resistor. Except if I solder the 0603 led to the 0603 resistor and then to the stitch. The whole piece is then casted into a resin block. Not sure what this would do to the temperature of the leds.
My problem is that I have already made 9 objects, ie soldered 63 0603 leds and casted the object into resin. I take there would be no advantage that I only want the leds to flash and not stay on permanently. I could maby add a longer delay in the "flashing state" between these that I have made without the resistors, at they might cool down in between "flashes"
I might connect one to a 3v batt and see how long the leds will last, as I cant change any of the circuits on the 9 that has been casted, do you think that because they are casted into resin, would it help with the temp.
Ok, so I will have to do the rest with resistors. If I can salvage the 9 and use them maby with a 10 ohm resistor in Series with the the power source it might help? then what size 0603 resistors should I then use if I add them directly to the 0603 leds. Would a 15ohm do behind each led.
Then on adding a 2N222 switching transistor, what size resistor should I add infront of it? 3K3 resistor.
Thank you for all your help, it really helps me!
You have a 3v Vcc, and the Vf of the leds is 2.85 typical for 5mA current. That means you need a (3v - 2.85v)/5mA = 30 ohm resistor per led.
It says 3.15v max Vf, however, so that leds won't turn on at all on a 3v supply.
Did you consider buying a prebuilt led bar designed for some particular voltage?
Then you multiply that number by the current you want to use. The answer will be in OHMS. If the number is not a standard resistor value, use the next one UP.
I have taken all aboard and I think that I will have to bite the bullet, do it right and start from scratch.
Seeing that I expect this to be working for a week on display.
First a big thank you for all your comments and Please review my proposed solution and help me before I end up messing it up again.
Then the 2N222A. Would the following Do?
All that is then left is the resistor before the 2N222A.
Any advice on that size should be appreciated.
Thus I will end up with 22 objects, with the capability of enabling them for brief moments via the Arduino.
PS: I ended up calculating the resistor size via the online tool at http://led.linear1.org/led.wiz hope this is fine, else I might look at retched's calculations.
That tool uses the same calculations (its OHMS law).
That will work. It is good to heat that you decided to do it the right way.
Thank you to all for your input.
Loads have changed from the start of the project, and its been a good learning experience for me, even if most of it is improving my soldering skills.
In the end I did solder the 0603 Leds to 1K2 0603 resistors, connected these all in parallel tunning of a 12v supply. Switching is done with a logic level mosfet.
Now I just need to work on the controlling of this. Started playing with PWM, but will start a new thread, as thats a beast of a different kind, as I dont think the Arduino can Control multiple pins (22), at different duty cycles.
Multiple LED project. Absolute beginner.


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Moon Jae-in (, * 24. Januar 1953 in Geoje) ist ein südkoreanischer Politiker der sozialliberalen Deobureo-minju-Partei, in Kurzform Minju-Partei genannt, und war vom 10. Mai 2017 bis zum 10. Mai 2022 der 12. Präsident des Landes. Der Menschenrechtsanwalt hatte für den früheren Präsidenten Roh Moo-hyun gearbeitet und war 2012 als Kandidat bei der Präsidentschaftswahl Park Geun-hye unterlegen. Moon setzte sich unter anderem für eine Annäherung seines Landes und Nordkoreas ein.

Leben und Studium
Moon wurde in Geoje geboren. Sein Vater war aus Nordkorea geflüchtet und arbeitete während des Korea-Krieges im Kriegsgefangenenlager Geoje. Moon studierte nach dem Schulabschluss Rechtswissenschaften an der Kyung-Hee-Universität. Wegen seiner Beteiligung an Protesten gegen die Yushin-Verfassung wurde er zeitweise der Universität verwiesen. Später konnte er nach Ableistung des Militärdienstes sein Hochschulstudium abschließen und wurde Rechtsanwalt. Gemeinsam mit dem späteren Staatspräsidenten Roh Moo-hyun eröffnete er eine Anwaltskanzlei in Busan, die sich in Menschenrechts- und Bürgerrechtsfragen engagierte. Moon Jae-in ist bekennender Katholik.

Mitarbeiter Rohs
Im Jahr 2002 leitete er Rohs Kampagne für die Präsidentschaftswahl und bekleidete nach dessen Wahlsieg zwischen 2003 und 2008 führende Positionen im Blauen Haus, unter anderen das Amt des Stabschefs. Während des Amtsenthebungsverfahrens gegen den Präsidenten im Jahr 2004 war er einer seiner rechtlichen Vertreter. Nach dem Tod Rohs 2009 kümmerte sich Moon um dessen persönliche Angelegenheiten.

Parteipolitik und Präsidentschaftskandidatur 2012
Politisch wurde Moon im April 2012 wieder aktiv, als er zum Abgeordneten der größten Oppositionspartei Minju-tonghap-Partei in der Nationalversammlung (Gukhoe) gewählt wurde. Zwei Monate später kündigte er seine Kandidatur für die Präsidentschaftswahl in Südkorea 2012 an. Er siegte bei der Vorwahl der Minju-tonghap-Partei und wurde so deren Kandidat, unterlag jedoch bei der Hauptwahl im Dezember Park Geun-hye, der Kandidatin der regierenden damaligen Saenuri-Partei, mit 3,6 Prozentpunkten.

Von Februar 2015 bis Januar 2016 war Moon Jae-in Vorsitzender der Neuen politischen Allianz für Demokratie – der heutigen Minju-Partei als Nachfolgerin der Minju-tonghap-Partei.

Präsident Südkoreas ab 2017
Am 24. März 2017 gab er bekannt, für die Minju-Partei bei der Präsidentschaftswahl am 9. Mai 2017 zu kandidieren. Am 3. April siegte er bei den parteiinternen Vorwahlen mit 57 % der Stimmen und wurde zum offiziellen Kandidaten. Laut verschiedenen Umfragen lag er knapp vor seinem ehemaligen Parteikollegen Ahn Cheol-soo, dem Kandidaten der zentristischen Gungminui-Partei, und führt damit die Kandidatenliste. Nachdem er von der Wahlkommission mit 40,7 % zum Sieger erklärt worden war, trat er am 10. Mai 2017 sein Amt an. Er setzte sich für eine Verständigung mit Nordkorea ein und hatte eine größere Distanz zu den Vereinigten Staaten angekündigt. Wichtig waren ihm auch die Verbesserung von Arbeitsbedingungen und die Erhöhung des Mindestlohns.

Moons Zustimmungsraten lagen nach seinem Amtsantritt zeitweise bei über 80 %, sanken jedoch bis Mai 2019 auf nahezu die Hälfte ab. Im Zuge der COVID-19-Pandemie in Südkorea konnte Moon diese Werte kurzfristig rehabilitieren. Dies wirkte sich vor allem positiv auf das Wahlergebnis seiner Partei bei der Parlamentswahl in Südkorea 2020 aus. Im Juli dagegen fielen Moons Zustimmungswerte erneut auf niedrigsten Wert in neun Monaten, aufgrund von Kontroversen über den Tod des Bürgermeisters von Seoul Park Won-soon, der Moons Partei angehörte sowie seine Politik bezüglich des Immobilienmarkts und Nordkorea.

Nach dem innerkoreanischen Gipfeltreffen im September 2018 in Pjöngjang schenkte Kim Jong-un Moon zwei Pungsan-Jagdhunde mit den Namen Songkang und Gomi.

Weblinks

 Präsident Moon Jae-in, Koreanischer Kultur- und Informationsdienst (KOCIS)
 Persönliche Website (koreanisch)
 Justin McCurry: Who is Moon Jae-in, South Korea's new president? In: The Guardian, 9. Mai 2017 (englisch)

Einzelnachweise

Präsident (Südkorea)
Menschenrechtsanwalt
Mitglied der Gukhoe
Träger des Seraphinenordens
Träger des Sankt-Olav-Ordens (Großkreuz)
Träger des Olympischen Ordens
Träger des Mugunghwa-Ordens
Träger von Orden und Ehrenzeichen (Slowenien)
Südkoreaner
Geboren 1953
Mann

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia