text:
Revolutions of Dignity: 1989, the Arab Spring, and Ukraine
Neil Walther
Ted Reinert
The German Marshall Fund of the United States' (GMF) Young Transatlantic Network (YTN) represents a generation that has grown up in a world where Germany is united, the Iron Curtain has fallen, the Soviet and Yugoslav and Czechoslovak unions are a part of history, and the European Union and NATO have expanded to include most of the European continent. Instead, the global changes facing these early-career policy makers include the "Arab Spring," the Ukrainian revolution, a confrontation between Russia and the West, and the various trials and tribulations of the EU that will all continue to play out in real time. The YTN recognizes, though, that nothing happens in a vacuum and that as tomorrow's leaders, they need to learn yesterday's lessons and how they apply today.
A quarter century ago, popular movements across Central and Eastern Europe overthrew communist regimes and brought the Cold War to a close. While the legacy of 1989 has undoubtedly shaped the fate of countries like Germany and Poland through the 1990s and into the 21st century, how has does it relate to the historic events of the "Arab Spring" uprisings, which brought down leaders in Tunisia, Egypt, and Libya in 2011, and the Ukrainian revolution, which brought down President Viktor Yanukovych in February 2014? This was the question explored by GMF's YTN in its first policy workshop in Washington on June 3, and this blog outlines some of the policy connections discovered through the discussion.
At the policy workshop, Hope Harrison, associate professor of history and international affairs at George Washington University's Elliott School of International Affairs, spoke of the occupation and division of Germany, the creation and maintenance of a wall built through the center of Berlin to keep East Germans from leaving the communist German Democratic Republic (GDR), and the events that led to the fall of the wall. She noted that, much like the revolutions of today, different countries had different interpretations of 1989, with some crediting Mikhail Gorbachev or Ronald Reagan and others Poland with starting democratization.
This overview laid the foundation for the group to divide in two to discuss the "Arab Spring" and the Ukrainian revolution, exploring similarities and differences with 1989.
The small group led by Amy Hawthorne, a resident senior fellow at the Atlantic Council's Rafik Hariri Center for the Middle East, analyzed the ongoing "Arab Spring." The group agreed that neither economic liberalization nor liberal democracy were necessarily at the center of the Arab uprisings. Instead, a desire for basic human dignity among young, better educated Arabs was the central driving factor of these revolutions, allowing them to react to structural and political injustices in their countries.
The group also discussed what lessons policy makers can discern from the "Arab Spring," and how they relate to the revolutions in Eastern Europe at the end of the Cold War. One major lesson the group agreed on was that revolutions are not pre-determined or simple. For example, many eastern European countries had experienced democracy prior to World War II and the communist rule that followed. Therefore, they had democratic traditions that could be used as navigation points in the confusing and often turbulent times after their communist governments collapsed. This was not the case in the Arab world. Before Mohammed Morsi came to power through democratic elections in 2012, Egypt had never had a freely elected leader in its entire history. The thought that an elected President would somehow change the systemic grievances that had amassed over the course of hundreds of years was wishful thinking by many Western policy makers. Hawthorne challenged YTN members to play a "long game" with the Middle East and the quest for greater stability. As Hawthorne rightly pointed out, American democracy has taken decades to take shape and went through violent turmoil and unrest similar to many Arab countries. So, while the United States should encourage reform in these societies, strategic patience and an understanding of our own history is critical for tomorrow's policy makers.
Matthew Rojansky, director of the Kennan Institute at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, led the discussion analyzing the Ukrainian revolution. Noting that Ukrainian political history had seen a number of protest movements, he argued that Euromaidan in late 2013 exploded onto the global stage for a number of reasons, including regime incompetence, a violent turn that is not yet fully understood, and the geopolitical influences. In comparison with Poland, a country that has thrived economically since 1989 while joining the European Union and NATO, Ukraine is extremely diverse and has lacked a unifying national project. The longer period under communism was also relevant, especially for the part of the country that was under Soviet rule from the time of Lenin, because much like in the Middle East, there was no living generation with a memory of the pre-Soviet, more open time to use as navigation points in the country's democratic transition. The group analyzed how deterministic Russia's role had been in Ukraine's fate, the desperation of Ukraine's situation and whether it was a bridge too far for European integration. They also debated the role of the radical right element in Ukraine, which was ready to fight in the revolution even if they have not received many votes in elections.
After examining the facts, YTN members decided the common link between 1989, 2011, and 2014 is dignity. The Revolution of Dignity (Революція гідності) is what the Ukrainians call their ouster of the Yanukovych regime. A yearning for dignity drove the self-immolation of Tunisian vegetable seller Mohamed Bouazizi and the anti-regime protests it unleashed in his country and beyond. And it was something East Germans felt when they were denied freedom of movement by walls, armed guards, dogs, trip wires, and searchlights, as Harrison described. Dignity "is at the heart of what makes us people," as Jessica Hirsch, a GMF and YTN staff member, described in the concluding discussion, and it is on this foundation that the policy makers of tomorrow can better approach the tumultuous times in which they will operate and solve the challenges yet to come.
The views expressed in GMF publications and commentary are the views of the author alone.
Explore: Leadership
Young Transatlantic Network of Future Leaders
Explore: Policy
Legacy of '89
Europe's East and Russia


The fourth season of HBO drama "Game of Thrones" premieres on the premium cable network April 6, but fans can turn to Facebook for a taste of Westeros March 18 at 6 p.m. ET, when the premiere episode will be screened at Lincoln Center in New York, as the event's red carpet will be streamed on Facebook Live.
Mashable reported that cast members including Peter Dinklage (Tyrion Lannister), Jack Gleeson (Joffrey Baratheon), Lena Headey (Cersei Lannister), and Sophie Turner (Sansa Stark) will answer questions that fans submit to the show's Instagram and Facebook pages, and an exclusive new trailer will be presented following the red carpet.
The fans have made "Game of Thrones" a global phenomenon, so we wanted to give them an opportunity to be a part of the excitement on red-carpet premiere night. By partnering with Facebook, we're able to reach a huge global fan base beyond the nearly 10 million that are already connected to the "Game of Thrones" Facebook page.


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GRAND ROUND CASE [Download PDF]
An unusual cause of central cyanosis in a nine-year-old boy
A Shobi, MS Tullu, S Bhatia, M Agrawal
Department of Pediatrics, Seth G.S. Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
M S Tullu
Department of Pediatrics, Seth G.S. Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra
Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations are rare vascular anomalies which rarely present in childhood. We discuss a nine-year-old male child who presented with the classical triad of exertional dyspnea, cyanosis and clubbing since six years of age. Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation was suspected on chest radiography and was later confirmed on computed tomography scan. A bubble contrast echocardiography showed the presence of an extracardiac shunt. Pulmonary angiography was done to delineate the anatomy of the pulmonary vasculature and to plan embolization. The child has undergone two sittings of transcatheter coil embolization with improvement in oxygenation.
Shobi A, Tullu M S, Bhatia S, Agrawal M. An unusual cause of central cyanosis in a nine-year-old boy.J Postgrad Med 2012;58:314-317
Shobi A, Tullu M S, Bhatia S, Agrawal M. An unusual cause of central cyanosis in a nine-year-old boy. J Postgrad Med [serial online] 2012 [cited 2023 Jan 28 ];58:314-317
Available from: https://www.jpgmonline.com/text.asp?2012/58/4/314/105468
Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs), an unusual disease, consists of abnormal vascular communications between the branches of the pulmonary arteries and veins. [1],[2],[3] The condition, although congenital, presents mainly in adulthood and is uncommonly seen in children. [2],[3]
A nine-year-old male child born of a third-degree consanguineous marriage presented with breathlessness on exertion and bluish discoloration of lips and nails since the past three years. There was no history of recurrent respiratory infections or cyanosis in the past. There was absence of history of nose bleeds or skin telangiectasia. No family member suffered from similar illness. On examination, there was central cyanosis and Grade III clubbing. The mucous membranes and conjunctiva were plethoric. The vital parameters were normal and the pulse-oximeter oxygen saturation was only 62% in room air. There were no cardiac or extra-cardiac murmurs. The heart sounds (including pulmonary component of the second heart sound) were normal.
What could be the clinical differential diagnosis in such a patient?
The clinical differential diagnoses would include: Cyanotic congenital heart diseases, (left to right cardiac shunts with) Eisenmenger syndrome, primary pulmonary hypertension, chronic respiratory conditions with progressive respiratory failure, presence of abnormal hemoglobins and pulmonary arteriovenous malformations [Table 1].{Table 1}
Case details (continued)
Investigations revealed polycythemia (hemoglobin = 16.7 g%; packed cell volume = 50.2%) and hypoxia (partial pressure of arterial oxygen PO2:39.7; arterial oxygen saturation SaO 2 :70.2%). The echocardiogram (ECG) and 2-D echocardiograph of the heart did not reveal any structural cardiac anomaly or intra-cardiac shunt. His blood methemoglobin levels were 0.5% (normal- 0 to 2%). The chest radiograph was suggestive of prominent vascular markings at the hilum bilaterally [Figure 1]. Contrast enhanced echocardiograph using agitated saline showed the appearance of bubbles initially on the right side of the heart and then on the left side after three cardiac cycles (suggestive of the presence of PAVMs). Computed tomograph (CT) scan of the chest was suggestive of bilateral multiple PAVMs [Figure 2]a and b. Other investigations were done to rule out the presence of arteriovenous malformations elsewhere. Fundus examination revealed the presence of dilated and tortuous vessels secondary to polycythemia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain and magnetic resonance angiography showed prominent intracranial arteries due to hyperdynamic circulation. Echo-Doppler ultrasonography of abdominal vessels did not reveal extra-pulmonary arteriovenous malformations. The child underwent pulmonary angiography, which confirmed the diagnosis of multiple PAVMs. Two sittings of transcatheter coil embolization have been performed [Figure 3]. The patient has improved symptomatically and the oxygen saturation has increased to 85.8% after the second sitting of coil embolization. The differential diagnosis (on investigations) has been discussed in [Table 2]. A clinical algorithm for approach to a patient of PAVM has been given by Khurshid et al. [1]{Figure 1}{Figure 2}{Figure 3}{Table 2}
What are pulmonary arteriovenous malformations?
pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) are rare direct vascular communications between the branches of the pulmonary arteries and veins without an intervening capillary bed. [1],[2] PAVMs are rarely diagnosed in children, and only 10% of cases of PAVMs are identified in infancy or childhood. [2],[3],[4],[5] The incidence of PAVMs is 2-3 per 1,00,000 population and has a female preponderance. [6],[7],[8],[9]
What is the etiology of PAVMs?
PAVMs can be either congenital (80%) caused by failure of differentiation of the embryonic vascular plexus or acquired. [1],[2],[9] Of the congenital, 47-80% are associated with Osler-Weber-Rendu disease or hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), an autosomal dominant disorder presenting with arteriovenous malformations of the skin, mucous membranes and visceral organs. [7],[10] Five to fifteen percent of patients with HHT have PAVMs. [1],[6],[7] Acquired PAVMs may be secondary to chest trauma, thoracic surgery (modified Fontan and Glenn procedure), palliated patients of congenital heart disease (especially single-ventricle disease), longstanding hepatic cirrhosis, metastatic carcinoma, systemic amylodosis and infections like actinomycosis and schistosomiasis. [1],[2],[9]
What are the types of PAVMs?
PAVMs may be solitary or diffuse. They could be in the form of single sacs ranging from 1 cm to >10 cm in diameter, macroscopic tangles or microscopic telangiectasias. [4] Eighty to ninety percent of PAVMs are simple (single feeding artery and single draining vein). The rest are complex, with two or more feeding arteries and draining veins. [5] The afferent supply is usually from the branches of the pulmonary artery, and rarely from systemic circulation like the aorta, intercostal and bronchial arteries. The efferent limb drains into one or more of the branches of the pulmonary veins, and rarely into the left atrium or inferior vena cava. [1],[2]
What is the clinical presentation in patients with PAVMs?
Unlike systemic arteriovenous malformations, PAVMs do not affect the cardiac haemodynamics. [1] The symptoms depend on the degree of right to left shunt between the pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein. A shunt greater than 20% of the cardiac output leads to cyanosis, clubbing and polycythemia. [1],[2],[9] The peripheral oxygen saturation is low and does not increase with 100% oxygen supplement. The classical triad of dyspnea, cyanosis and clubbing is present in only 10% of patients of PAVMs. [11] Around 13-55% of patients tend to be asymptomatic. [1] Exertional dyspnea is the most common presenting symptom, the severity of which depends on the magnitude of the shunt and the degree of hypoxemia. [1],[2],[4] Epistaxis, malena and neurological symptoms may be seen in cases with a co-existing HHT. [2] Common examination findings are cyanosis, clubbing and pulmonary vascular bruit (increased by inspiration and the Muller maneuver). [1]
What are the complications of PAVMs?
The complications of PAVMs include migraine, transient ischaemic attacks, stroke, brain abscess, and seizures (due to paradoxical embolism across the PAVM). [2],[4] Thrombosis is related to polycythemia or the presence of co-existing cerebral AVM in patients with HHT. [4] Antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended for any procedure that may induce bacteremia to reduce the risk of brain abscess. [5],[8] Rupture of PAVM leading to haemoptysis or haemothorax is a rare life-threatening complication. [1] Cardiac failure is a rare complication which may occur in neonates with pulmonary artery to left atrial connections. [2]
Which radiological investigations are used to diagnose PAVMs?
A plain chest radiograph demonstrates an abnormality in about 98% of the patients of PAVM. [1],[9] The features are a round or oval sharply defined non-calcified nodule of uniform density, usually located in the lower lobes of the lung. [3] Contrast enhanced computed tomograph (CT) is a non-invasive and accurate diagnostic tool in identifying the anatomy of a PAVM and is comparable to pulmonary angiography. [12] CT scan also plays a role in the long-term follow-up of patients who have undergone treatment. [12],[13] Radionuclide perfusion lung scan can be used as an adjunct in the diagnosis and quantification of PAVM. [1],[4] It estimates the shunt after intravenous injection of radionuclide-labeled macroaggregated albumin by measuring differential perfusion to the lungs and either the brain or kidneys. [4]
What is the role of echocardiography in diagnosis of PAVMs?
Contrast echocardiography involving injection of agitated saline or dye into a peripheral vein is almost 100% sensitive to diagnose the presence of a shunt. [9] In a patient without a shunt, the air bubbles appear in the right atrium and get trapped in the pulmonary circulation. In case of an intra-cardiac shunt, the bubbles will be visualized in the left atrium within one cardiac cycle of their appearance in the right atrium. However, in case of PAVM, there will be a delay of three to eight cardiac cycles before the appearance of the bubbles in the left atrium. Contrast echocardiograph is considered to be the best initial screening test for PAVM due to its excellent sensitivity and availability. [4],[13] However, the technique is not quantitative, cannot predict the amenability of PAVMs to embolotherapy and a positive result needs to be followed by a pulmonary angiography. [4] A positive result of radionuclide perfusion lung scan and contrast echocardiography is not specific for PAVMs but a negative result essentially excludes PAVMs; and microscopic PAVMs (not picked up by anatomic imaging modalities) can be demonstrated by these methods. [1] Doppler ultrasonograph is sometimes useful in the antenatal diagnosis of PAVMs. [14]
Is pulmonary angiography necessary?
Pulmonary angiography is the gold standard in the diagnosis of PAVM. [1],[13] It confirms the diagnosis and delineates the exact anatomy of the pulmonary vasculature; this is necessary before planning therapeutic embolization or surgical resection. [15] However, widespread and diffuse minute PAVMs which can cause significant shunt may not be identified with pulmonary angiography. [13]
How are patients with PAVMs treated?
PAVMs are known to progressively enlarge over a period of time. [1],[9],[13] Percutaneous transcatheter embolotherapy is recommended for all symptomatic PAVMs which are more than 2 cm in diameter and those with feeding vessels more than 3 mm in diameter. [1],[2],[15],[16],[17],[18],[19],[20],[21] It is done using coils, plugs, or balloons. [1],[2],[15],[16] Though extremely effective and safe, embolotherapy may be occasionally associated with complications like pulmonary infarction, pleuritic chest pain, hemothorax, air embolism, vascular injury, cerebrovascular accidents, balloon foldover, premature or difficult detachment and migration. [1],[2],[15],[16],[17],[18],[19],[20],[21] Once embolized, the PAVMs disappear or reduce to a fibrous strand by the end of the first year. [9] Any evidence of persistence suggests recanalization and is an indication for re-embolization. [9] Antibiotic prophylaxis before dental and surgical procedures should be continued as residual lesions may persist despite treatment. [17] Long-term follow-up of these patients with arterial blood gases 1 month and 1 year post embolotherapy and a spiral CT every 3-5 yearly is recommended to evaluate the growth of the embolized PAVM and development of new lesions. [18]
What is the role of surgery?
Surgical therapy in the form of local excision, segmental resection, lobectomy, ligation and pneumonectomy are reserved for failure of embolotherapy, serious bleeding despite embolotherapy, intra-pleural rupture of PAVM or lesions not amenable to embolotherapy. [1],[20] In these cases, lung conserving resection is the procedure of choice.
The authors thank Dr. Sanjay Oak, Director (Medical Education and Major Hospitals, Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai) and Dean of Seth G.S. Medical College and K.E.M. Hospital for granting permission to publish this manuscript.
1 Khurshid I, Downie GH. Pulmonary arteiovenous malformation. Postgrad Med J 2002;78:191-7.
2 Tullu MS, Mahajan MD, Ramchandani CS, Deshmukh CT, Kamat JR, Vaswani RK, et al. Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations. Indian J Pediatr2001;68:891-4.
3 Biswas D, Dey A, Chakraborty M, Biswas S. Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation: An uncommon disease with common presentation. Lung India 2010;27:247-9.
4 Gossage JR. The role of echocardiography in screening for pulmonary arteriovenous malformations. Chest 2003;123:320-2.
5 Krowka MJ. Primary and acquired pulmonary arterial venous malformations. Available from: http://www.chestnet.org/accp/pccsu/primary-and-acquired-pulmonary-arterial-venous-malformations?page=0,3. [Last accessed on 2011 Sep 22].
6 Hodgson CH, Kaye RL. Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula and hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: A review and report of 35 cases of fistula. Dis Chest 1963;43:449-55.
7 Dines DE, Seward JB, Bernatz PE. Pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas. Mayo Clin Proc 1983;58:176-81.
8 Begbie ME, Wallace GM, Shovlin CL. Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome): A view from the 21 st century. Postgrad Med J 2003;79:18-24.
9 Sharifah AI, Jasvinder K, Rus AA. Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation: A rare cause of cyanosis in a child. Singapore Med J 2009;50:e127-9.
10 Amin H, Friere AX, Lal C, Pugazhenthi M. Pulmonary Arteriovenous malformations and Osler Weber Rendu Syndrome: An unusual cause of dyspnea. The Internet Journal of Pulmonary Medicine 2005. Available from from: http://www.ispub.com/j...._cause_of_dyspnea.html. [Last accessed on 2011 Sep 22].
11 Puskas JD, Allen MS, Moncure AC, Wain JC, Hilgenberg AD, Wright C, et al. Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations: Therapeutic options. Ann Thorac Surg 1993;56:253-7.
12 Remy J, Remy-Jardin M, Wattinne L, Deffontaines C. Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations: Evaluation with CT of the chest before and after treatment. Radiology 1992;182:809-16.
13 Kjeldsen AD, Oxhoj H, Andersen PE, Elle B, Jackobson JP, Vase P. Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations: Screening procedures and pulmonary angiography in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Chest 1999;116:432-9.
14 Wang HC, Kou PH, Liaw YS, Yu CJ, Kuo SH, Luh KT, et al. Diagnosis of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations by colour Doppler ultrasound and amplitude ultrasound angiography. Thorax 1998;53:372-6.
15 Tullu MS, Bavdekar SB, Shaharao VB. Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations. In: Lahiri K, Gupte S, editors. Recent Advances in Pediatrics. Special Volume 10- ′Pulmonology′. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers; 2002. p. 409-20.
16 Gossage JR, Kanj G. Pulmonary arteiovenous malformations: A state of the art review. Am J Respir Crit Care 1998;158:643-61.
17 Gupta P, Mordin C, Curtis J, Hughes JM, Shovlin CL, Jackson JE. Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations: Effect of embolization on right-to-left shunt, hypoxemia and exercise tolerance in 66 patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2002;179:347-55.
18 White RI Jr, Pollak JS, Wirth JA. Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations: Diagnosis and transcatheterembolotherapy. J VascInterv Radiol 1996;7:787-804.
19 Faughnan ME, Palda VA, Garcia-Tsao G, Geisthoff UW, McDonald J, Proctor DD, et al. International guidelines for the diagnosis and management of hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia.J Med Genet 2011;48:73-87.
20 Kanou T, Shintani Y, Osuga K, Okumura M. Successful lobectomy for central large pulmonary arteriovenous malformation. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2012;14:665-7.
21 Faughnan ME, Thabet A, Mei-Zahav M, Colombo M, MacLusky I, Hyland RH, et al. Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations in children: Outcomes of transcatheterembolotherapy. J Pediatr 2004;145:826-31.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


MINIX 3 can use SATA hard drives in native mode, which is also called AHCI mode. This option is supported from MINIX 3.2.1 pre-releases onward.
To enable SATA, set the BIOS to use native/AHCI mode for the hard drive.
To enable this for an installed system, add ahci=yes to a menu entry in /boot.conf.
When using SATA in VirtualBox, consecutive restarts might not find the installer CD. To fix this, shutdown MINIX 3 and close the VirtualBox VM. This will erase any temporary data that may be causing the problem.


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» Law and Government
» Government
Civil Appeal No. CCZ 27/13
Judgment No. CCZ 4/15
Civil Appeal No. CCZ 27/13 / 1
REPORTABLE(20)
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MUTUMWA DZIVA MAWERE
(1) REGISTRAR GENERAL (2) ZIMBABWE ELECTORAL COMMISSION (3) PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF ZIMBABWE (4) ATTORNEY GENERAL OF ZIMBABWE
CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OF ZIMBABWE
CHIDYAUSIKU CJ, MALABA DCJ, ZIYAMBI JA,
GWAUNZA JA, GARWE JA, GOWORA JA,
HLATSHWAYO JA,PATEL JA, & CHIWESHE AJA
HARARE, JUNE 26, 2013
F. Mahere, for the applicant
T. Todhlana, for the first respondent
T.M. Kanengoni with C. Nyika, for the second respondent
No Appearance for the third fourth respondents
GARWE JA
(1)This is an application, filed on the basis of urgency, in which the applicant seeks a declaratur that, being a citizen by birth, he is entitled to dual citizenship and that the law does not require of him to renounce his foreign citizenship before he can be issued with a Zimbabwean national identity document.
(2)After hearing submissions from counsel, the court issued the following order:-
"It is ordered that:-
1.The applicant, Mutumwa Dziva Mawere, born 11 January 1960, is a citizen of Zimbabwe by birth in terms of Section 36 (1) of the Constitution of Zimbabwe Amendment (No. 20) Act 2013.
The first respondent is interdicted from demanding of the applicant to first renounce his foreign – acquired citizenship before he can be issued with a national identity document.
3.The first respondent is directed to issue the applicant with a national registration document forthwith and in any event before the voter registration process being conducted by the second respondent in terms of Section 6 (3) of the Sixth Schedule to the Constitution is concluded.
4.The first respondent pay the costs of this application."
The court further indicated that the full reasons for the order would be made available in due course.
What follows are the reasons.
(3)The applicant was born in Bindura, Zimbabwe, on 11 January 1960. Both of his parents were also born in Zimbabwe. On 10 July 2002 the applicant acquired the citizenship of South Africa by registration.
(4)In order to register as a voter in national elections that were scheduled to take place in 2013, the applicant approached the offices of the first respondent in order to procure a duplicate national identity document, having lost the original. He was advised that for as long as he remained a South African citizen, he would not be eligible for a Zimbabwean national identity document.
(5)It is not in dispute that prior to the enactment of the new constitution, the law prohibited dual citizenship. In terms of the law then in operation, the applicant was required to renounce his South African citizenship before he could be eligible for Zimbabwean citizenship. Only then would he have been eligible for a Zimbabwean national identity card.
(6)On 22 May 2013, the Constitution of Zimbabwe Amendment (No. 20) Act, 2013, ("the Constitution") was gazetted and became operational. Section 36 of the Constitution provides, in relevant part:
"36CITIZENSHIP BY BIRTH
(1)Persons are Zimbabwean citizens by birth if they were born in Zimbabwe and, when they were born –
(a)Either their mother or their father was a Zimbabwean citizen; or
(b)… (not relevant) …"
(7)The dispute in the present matter revolves around the interpretation to be accordedto the above provision and whether in terms of the Constitution it is now permissible for a person in the position of the applicant to enjoy both Zimbabwean and South African citizenship. Put differently, the question is whether the applicant is required to do anything more in order to qualify as a citizen.
THE APPLICANT'S SUBMISSIONS
(8)It is the applicant's submission that citizenship by birth may only be revoked in two situations. The first is where citizenship is acquired by fraud, false representation or concealment of a material fact by any person. See s 39(2)(a). The second is where the nationality or parentage of a child found in Zimbabwe, who is or appears to be less than fifteen years of age and whose nationality and parents are unknown and is presumed to be a Zimbabwean citizen by birth, becomes known.
(9)The applicant further submits that although s 42 of the Constitution empowers Parliament to pass an enactment prohibiting dual citizenship, such prohibition is in respect of citizens by descent or registration. Such enactment must in any event be consistent with the provisions of Chapter 3of the Constitution. Therefore the prohibition of dual citizenship for citizens by birth, whose parents were born in Zimbabwe, as provided for in s 9 of the Citizenship of Zimbabwe, Act Chapter 4:01 would be inconsistent with Chapter 3 and consequently null and void. Had the intention been to prohibit dual citizenship in respect of citizens by birth, the Constitution would have expressly made provision for the potentiality of such prohibition in s42(e).
(10)The applicant further submits that contrary to submissions by the first respondent, there is no residency requirement in terms of the law for citizens by birth whose parents were born in Zimbabwe. Section 43(2) of the Constitution in particular applies to a personborn in Zimbabwe, was ordinarily resident in Zimbabwe on the publication day and at least one of his or her parents was a citizen of a SADC member State.
THE FIRST RESPONDENT'S SUBMISSIONS
(11)The first respondent, the Registrar-General, does not agree. His argument is as follows:-
11.1 In terms of s 43(1) of the Constitution, the applicant was not a Zimbabwean citizen before 22 May 2013 when the new Constitution came into operation. He was a South African citizen. He could not therefore have metamophorsized into a citizen by birth immediately after that date solely because of the provisions of s 36(1).
11.2 Having previously lost his citizenship, he needs to perform a formal act to have the citizenship restored to him. Such restoration can only be in terms of an Act of Parliament still to be passed in terms of s 42, which Act would prescribe the procedure to be followed by persons wishing to have their citizenship restored in terms of s 42(d) of the Constitution.
THE RELEVANT CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS
(12)Sections 35 to 43 of the Constitution deal with the question of citizenship. Amongst other things, citizens are entitled to passports and travel documents as well as birth certificates and other identity documents issued by the State. Section 35 makes it clear that citizenship is by birth, descent or registration.
(13)As already noted s 36 states that a person is a citizen by birth, inter alia, if such person was born in Zimbabwe to either a mother or father who was a Zimbabwean citizen.
(14)Section 38 provides for citizenship by registration to three classes of persons. These are (a) persons who have been married to Zimbabwean citizens and satisfy other conditions prescribed by an Act of Parliament (b) persons who have been continuously and lawfully resident in Zimbabwe for a period of at least ten years and (c) a child who is not a Zimbabwean citizen but is adopted by a Zimbabwean citizen.
(15)Section 39 provides for the revocation of citizenship, but only in respect of two types of citizenship. The first is citizenship by registration. Such citizenship may be revoked if the acquisition of citizenship was through fraud, false representation or concealment of a material fact or, during war situations, the person concerned unlawfully trades, communicates or associates with any business that is carried out to assist an enemy. The second is citizenship by birth. Such citizenship may be revoked if it is acquired by fraud, false representation or concealment of a material fact or, in the case of a child found in Zimbabwe who appears to be less than fifteen years of age and is presumed to be a citizen by birth in terms of s 36(3), the person's nationality or parentage becomes known and it is established that such person was a citizen of another country.
(16)Section 42 provides for the enactment of a law, consistent with Chapter 3, providing for (a) the procedures to be followed in acquiring citizenship by registration (b) the voluntary renunciation of Zimbabwean citizenship (c) the procedures for the revocation of Zimbabwean citizenship by registration (d) the restoration of Zimbabwean citizenship (e) the prohibition of dual citizenship in respect of citizenship by registration or descent and (f) any other issues to give effect to Chapter 3.
(17)Section 43 on the other hand provides that every person who before 22 May 2013 was a citizen continues to be one after that date.
It also provides that any person who was born inZimbabwe before 22 May 2013 is a citizen by birth if one or both of his parents was a citizen of a SADC member State and he or she was ordinarily resident in Zimbabwe as at that date.
INTERPRETATION OF THE CONSTITUTION
(18)Section 2 of the Constitution provides that the Constitution is the Supreme law of the land and that any law, practice, custom or conduct inconsistent with it, is invalid to the extent of the inconsistency. It also provides that the obligations imposed by the Constitution are binding on every person, including the State and all its organs at every level.
(19)This section is important as it stipulates beyond doubt that anything done contrary to the provisions of the Constitution is invalid.
(20)Various decisions of this Court and elsewhere have made pronouncements on the correct approach to the interpretation of a Constitution.
20.1 In Rattigan & Others v Chief Immigration Officer & Others 1994(2) ZLR 54(S), 57, GUBBAY CJ remarked:
"What is to be avoided is the imparting of a narrow, artificial, rigid and pedantic interpretation; to be preferred is one which serves the interest of the Constitution and best carries out its objects and promotes its purpose. All relevant provisions are to be considered as a whole and where rights and freedoms are conferred on persons, derogations therefrom, as far as the language permits, should be narrowly and strictly construed."
20.2 In Park – Ross and Another v Director: Office for Serious Economic Offences 1995 (2) SA 148(C), 1601 – 161 A-J, the court stated:-
"It must be recognized that a constitution is sui generis, that the spirit and tenor of the Constitution must "permeate the process of judicial interpretation", that the meaning of a right or freedom guaranteed by a Constitution must be ascertained by an analysis of the purpose of such guarantee and that such purpose must be sought,inter alia, in the character, larger objects, historical origins of the concepts enshrined in the Constitution and in the language in which the concepts are expressed."
20.3In Government of the Republic of Namibia and Another v Cultura 2000 and Another 1994(1) S.A. 407 (Nm S), 418 F-H Mahomed CJ remarked:-
"A Constitution is an organic instrument. Although it is enacted in the form of a statue, it is sui generis. It must be broadly, liberally and purposively interpreted so as to avoid the "austerity of tabulated legalism" and so as to enable it to continue to play a creative and dynamic role in the expression and the achievement of the ideals and aspirations of a nation …"
20.4In State v Zuma & Others 1995 (2) SA 642 (CC) Kentridge JA stated thus:
"… But it cannot be too strongly stressed that the Constitution does not mean whatever we might wish it to mean. We must heed Lord Wilberforce's reminder that even a Constitution is a legal instrument, the language of which must be respected. … I would say that a Constitution "embodying fundamental principles should as far as its language permits be given a broad construction."
20.5Attention may also drawn to the remarks by Fieldscend CJ in Hewlett v Minister of Finance 1981 ZLR 571 that the principles governing interpretation of a Constitution are basically no different from those governing the interpretation of any other legislation and the remarks by Georges CJ in Minister of Home Affairs v Bickle & Others 1984 (2) S.A. 439(ZS) at 447 that:-
"The question, then, is one of construction, and in the ultimate resort must be determined upon the actual words used, read not in vacuo but as occurring in a single complex instrument, in which one part may throw light on another …. The true test must as always, be the actual language used."
WHETHER APPLICANT NEEDS TO RENOUNCE HIS FOREIGN CITIZENSHIP FIRST
(21)The first respondent's argument is that since the applicant had already lost his citizenship prior to the enactment of the Constitution, he needs to go through other procedures to be provided for in an Act of Parliament still to be passed in order to have his citizenship restored and that only then would he be entitled to citizenship in terms of the current Constitution, together with the benefits that citizens enjoy.
(22)Bearing in mind that the provisions in Chapter 3 of the Constitution must be read together, one must, I think, start by looking at the language used in s 36 of the Constitution. As already noted, the section provides, in simple and clear language that a person
"is a Zimbabwean citizen by birth if he or she was born in Zimbabwe and when born either his or her mother or father was a Zimbabwean citizen."
(23)Section 36 is not made subject to any other section in the Constitution. It stands alone. The ordinary grammatical meaning of the section is clear and allows of no ambiguity. A person born in Zimbabwe to a parent who, at the time of birth, was a Zimbabwean citizen, is a Zimbabwean citizen. That section does not oblige a person in this category to do anything further to qualify for Zimbabwean citizenship.
(24)Section 36(1) however needs to be considered in the context of the other provisions of Chapter 3 of the Constitution.
(25)Section 38 provides for citizenship by registration to persons married to a Zimbabwean citizen or who have been continuously and lawfully resident in Zimbabwe for at least ten years and in both cases satisfy other conditions prescribed by an Act of Parliament. Also included in this category are children, who are not ordinarily citizens, but are adopted by a Zimbabwean citizen.
This class of citizenship becomes relevant in cases where citizenship is sought to be revoked by the State.
(26)Section 39 deals with the circumstances in which citizenship may be revoked. Such revocation is limited to citizenship by registration and citizenship by birth in cases where such citizenship was acquired by false representation or where it is established that, a child below fifteen years of age, who is presumed in terms of s 36(3) of the Constitution to be a citizen by birth, is a citizen of another country.
(27)What is significant about s 39 is that it does not provide for the revocation of the citizenship of a person who is born in Zimbabwe to a Zimbabwean parent as provided in s 36 (1) of the Constitution.
Read against s 39,the necessary corollary is that citizenship acquired in terms of s 36(1) cannot be revoked by the State under any circumstances.
(28)One must however go further and consider the provisions of s 42 and 43 of the Constitution. It is, I think, convenient to consider s 43 (1) first.
(29)Section 43(1) is a neutral provision which simply restates that any person who, before 22 May 2013, was a Zimbabwean citizen, continues to be a Zimbabwean citizen after that date.
(30)Of significance is the fact that the citizenship referred to in that section is not confined to citizenship by birth only. Citizenship by descent and registration is also included. This is a savings provision, intended to put beyond dispute that any person who enjoyed any type of citizenship before 22 May 2013 would continue to be a citizen after that date and would consequently enjoy all the benefits of citizenship bestowed on a citizen in terms of s 35 of the Constitution.
(31)Section 42 provides for the passing of an Act of Parliament to deal with the following:-
(a)the procedures to be followed in acquiring citizenship by registration;
(b)the voluntary renunciation of Zimbabwean citizenship;
(c)the procedures to be followed in the revocation of citizenship by registration;
(d)the restoration of Zimbabwean citizenship;
(e)the prohibition of dual citizenship in respect of citizens by descent or registration; and
(f)generally giving effect to the provisions of Chapter 3 of the Constitution.
(32)A number of observations must be made from the above provisions.
32.1First, s 42 makes it possible for Parliament to enact legislation to deal with the various aspects of citizenship itemised in that section.
32.2Second, such legislation must be consistent with Chapter 3 of the Constitution. In other words such legislation may not allow for the derogation of any rights conferred in terms of Chapter 3.
32.3Third, the section makes it clear that such legislation may deal with the prohibition of dual citizenship in respect of citizenship by descent or registration only. It does not provide for the prohibition of dual citizenship in respect of persons who are citizens by birth.
32.4Fourth, the section provides for the enactment of legislation dealing with the restoration of Zimbabwean citizenship. It is implicit that the Constitution envisages a situation where citizenship is lost but an application is then made for the restoration of such citizenship.
32.5Fifth, it is clear that citizenship can be lost in a number of situations. It may be revoked in terms of s 39 of the Constitution. It may also be the result of voluntary renunciation as provided for in 42(b) or the prohibition of dual citizenship in terms of s 43 (e) of the Construction.
(33)In all these situations, any affected person may apply for the restoration of Zimbabwean citizenship. An Act of Parliament will provide details on how such citizenship can be restored.
(34)Section 42 does not and cannot have an overriding effect on the other provisions of Chapter 3. If anything, it complements these other provisions and is not inconsistent with them.
(35)Consequently, on a proper reading of all the provisions of Chapter 3, the inference is irresistible that dual citizenship in respect of citizens by birth is not proscribed. Such citizenship exists by operation of law.
(36)It was for the above reasons that, after hearing counsel, we made the order reflected in paragraph 2 of this judgment.
CHIDYAUSIKU CJI agree
MALABA DCJ:I agree
ZIYAMBI JA:I agree
GWAUNZA JA:I agree
GOWORA JA:I agree
PATEL JA:I agree
HLATSHWAYO JA:I agree
CHIWESHE AJA:I agree
Nyakutombwa/Mugabe, Legal Counsel, applicant's legal practitioners
Civil Division of The Attorney-General's Office,1strespondent's legal practitioners
Nyika Kanengoni & Partners, 2nd respondent's legal practitioners
Job Description: Independent Non-Executive Chair
1.00 Particular of Contract
To Allow the Ummah to Live Better Lives As Better Muslim Through New R&D Products and Services
Title:*Forename(S):*
Budget Per Month
AWA Executive Meeting - Monday 7Th December 2015
SATAN's EDEN Pt2
CPA Competencies Addressed in This Chapter
School Board Policy
Box: Anvil Outlaw Arm the Spirit
Pro Bono and Community Servicereportinginstructions
Sheep Specialist Invited to Speak at Farm Walk to Improve Returns in Sheep Sector


The Med Open Fly is characterised by its unique and sophisticated design. The fabric is stretched and opened via a patented system of lateral pantographs which tension the two sides of fabric. The zig-zag design allows water to easy drain of the sides and the PVC material ensures heat and UV rays are kept out creating a cool, shaded area below.
Patented lateral pantograph system gives a unique 'zig-zag' appearance.
Pantograph system ensures the fabric is tensioned & allows the roof to extend & retract.
Free-standing or leaning version available.
Gentle slope ensures water drainage from the side.
Constructed from exuded aluminium & stainless steel.


Full circle and then some.
On Bedtime. So many little actions left undone. A decade of patterns created together, over. Your absence is larger than the moon, my boy. RIP.
This is a Flickr badge showing items in a set called Personal Favorites. Make your own badge here.


text:
Network for Exploration and Space Science
NESS Team
Publications/Presentations
NESS Reports
Internal Collaborators
Dr. Judd Bowman
Co-Lead for Astrophysics
Judd.Bowman@asu.edu
School of Earth and Space Exploration
Mail Code 6004
ISTB4 781 E Terrace Mall
Professor Judd Bowman is an experimental cosmologist interested in the formation of structure in the early Universe, including the first stars, galaxies, and black holes. His current research focuses on the development and deployment of technologies and techniques to enable observational probes of the redshifted 21 cm line of neutral hydrogen gas during the epoch of reionization. Much of Dr. Bowman's data collection takes place in the outback of Western Australia and in other remote sites around the world where interference from human-generated radio sources like FM radio and TV stations is greatly reduced.
Dr. Jack Burns, University of Colorado Boulder, Director and Principal Investigator
Dr. Robert MacDowall, NASA GSFC, Deputy Director and Deputy Principal Investigator
Dr. David Rapetti, University of Colorado Boulder, Assistant Director
For inquiries contact: JoAnn Vandel, Grants Administrator at 303.492.5859
Webmaster: Carla Johns


Great job! The site has been made in time, all wishes have been considered. Thank you, I will recommend you to my friends.
It is pleasant to me to work with you.
Your production is very qualitative and it is pleasant to hand it to clients.
Everything was made in time.
L-Site team on my request performed design of a brand new corporate look, design, layout and production of packaging, delivery of ready goods to another country. I would also like to mention their attitude to work which appeals to me so much – they put soul and mind into it, and do not let things slide.
This is the case when you do not shout on a manager, asking to have Tavria car available in the salon right now, but waiting calmly for your own Bentley, which would be assembled specially for you. You are sure in its quality and you are sure that there is no other car like that.
Or let's take homemade bread from the oven and bread from the groceries, as an example. I think difference is obvious.
I am sure that every commercial photographer is losing his professionalism and does not develop if he is not doing creative, non-commercial shoots for himself. He is not limited by time limits, technical assignment and time of rent in them. The same is about packaging – for me it was important to provide a possibility for guys from L-site to work peacefully and to receive my own Bentley, assembled specially for me.
Very simple – commercial component together with soul message.
It is not a secret that packaging is very important, also it can be a good advertising surface of the goods themselves. The first order that I gave to a client in the new, united corporate style brought me one more new client on recommendation.
While designing technical specifications it was important to reach also usually passive co-customers - men. They also like packaging designed for me. There is nothing too much sweet and romantic about it. It is important and it is a difference and competitive advantage at a narrow market of private photography.
More than that, a book is judged on its cover. One should remember about it.
I would recommend this company for cooperation to all creative people and companies, for whom it is important to present their product or service "con anima" and to provide a long-term cooperation with the customer. I consider the end of 2013 to be more successful for me, also as a result of my cooperation with L-Site Company. Generally I think that non-political cooperation of a Moscow based photographer and Ukrainian producers of design objects is a good and sound little step for long-standing sister countries.
Katia and Olia understood at once what I like and what I would like to get. Probably, there are people who do not care. But as for me – I prefer stripes, bright colours, cheerful design and easy navigation. They made my website exactly like this. Herewith design appeared to be "mine" at once. A huge advantage of L-site is that they do not leave you after having finished your project. I will not be surprised if in future they will introduce some short phone number like 108 or 114 as their first design aid. Did you forget how to upload news to the website? Did you not manage to make newsletter? Do you need an additional page? They answer at once, clearly and understandably.
Also I am very glad that I do not need to apply to different agencies. Because if one person creates website, another – flyers, and some other - gift certificates, then everything will be...completely different. Creative work cannot be thoroughly repeated, one cannot continue thinking in somebody other's way. Here everything is done at once. Herewith, Katia almost became my "home" designer. I can ask advice from her and feel free about asking how I can have business cards printed out and how much of them I should make. She answers my questions at once and I do not have that awful feeling, which usually people have who do not understand anything about design, so they ask a lot of questions, like She will think I am stupid, She got bored about me, etc. Also Katia's big advantage lies in the fact that she is an experienced designer and she really can give a good piece of advice and offer the best option.
I am very grateful to L-site Company for the fulfilled work, everything was at the highest level! Special thanks to Katia who understood at once what exactly I would like to see at my website and hit the point at once with design, which was easy, fresh and laconic. All technical issues were being solved very fast, different solutions were offered, which were launched on a due day. Communication is excellent, all technical nuances they explained in an easy way. All my requests and wishes were taken into consideration. Especially I was pleased with post-support – Olia, thank you very much! I am sure, that we will continue our collaboration in future also! I will recommend this company to my friends and acquaintances!
I would like to thank L'site team for wonderful work. We understood each other with Katia, designer, at a glance and result exceeded all my expectations. Katia managed to do website so bright, colourful, modern and very convenient! Olia coped with technical side of the project embodiment excellently and what is important – very quick, and helped me with website content. Thank you so much! I wish you success, prosperity and thankful clients!


If you are interested in planning a tour with me please email ros@tourguide-london.com. Prices are approximate depending on the type of walk or talk - discounts are available if you book more than one tour / talk.
A 'Walk' lasts about 2 hours and cost from £175 for group of up to 25 people.
A 'Talk' lasts about 1 hour and costs from £170 for as many people as can fit into the venue. Please note that I can recommend venues, but the person / agency booking the talk is responsible for the room charge and other venue booking arrangements (including projections facilities etc).
Full day tours are from £260.
Prices are for the services of the guide only and do not include transport, refreshments or entrance fees.


Bunch, John a Methodist Episcopal minister, was born in Charleston district, S. C. He was converted in his seventeenth year, and two years later entered the South Carolina Conference. After laboring with much zeal and success for eight years he located, but continued to preach, as health permitted, until 1829,. when he again entered the active ranks. The last year of his life was spent as a missionary on Cooper River. He died Sept. 7,1838. Mr. Bunch was studious, humble, energetic, and exemplary. See Minutes of Annual Conferences, 1839, p. 664.


The design of Lamijet Breva is the synthesis of technical knowledge acquired through years of design and construction of furnaces. The peculiarity of this system is the speed of laminating and the possibility to laminate PVB without using the autoclave, which allows to quickly meeting any production requirement. With the new technology applied to Lamijet breva cycle times can be reduced by 100%. This oven is suitable for those customers who do not have high productive capacity but however want to keep an adequate production.
+ Position photo-cell for glass loading and unloading.
+ 10+10 in 50 minutes.


text:
Pan y Circo (Spanish for "Bread and Circus") is a Mexican Spanish-language talk show TV series that premiered on Amazon Video on August 7, 2020. The show is hosted by actor Diego Luna and was produced by La Corriente del Golfo, a production company run by Luna and fellow Mexican actor Gael García Bernal. In each episode, Luna and six guests sit for a meal prepared by a notable Mexican chef and discuss some sociopolitical issue. The guests include politicians, activists, academics, artists and celebrities. The show's first episode was filmed last, during the COVID-19 pandemic, and shows Luna and his guests all sitting at home, eating while videoconferencing together.

Episodes

Reception
Inkoo Kang of The Hollywood Reporter criticized the choice of guests as leading to tepid conversations, giving as an example the episode on abortion, which did not include anyone opposed to abortion. She did single out two episodes for praise: the episode on the drug war, and especially the episode on immigration, in which she wrote it was "truly fascinating" to hear Mexicans wrestle with their own country's anti-immigrant attitudes.

See also
 Dinner for Five
 Red Table Talk

References

External links

2020 Mexican television series debuts
Mexican television talk shows
Amazon Prime Video original programming

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


I love Omaha's Henry Doorly Zoo & Aquarium. I could spend all day there. My kids could spend all day there. We don't, that'd be beyond tiring with young children, but you see where I'm going with this? The zoo is all-day fun.
Picnics at the zoo in Omaha are always popular – as seen here "dining" with the family on the grass back in 2011 – but the health nuts and veg lovers out there have options, if you choose to purchase food there.
So you're going to get hungry there. If calories and gluten and fat are welcome in your diet, you're going to enjoy yourself. If you have a special diet – say vegetarian or low-fat – you'll be limited on choices, but you will have choices.
1. Best bet: The Durham Tree Top Cafe located in the Lied Jungle building. It's my favorite place anyway, since it's has a wall of windows overlooking the indoor rainforest. It also gives you the most options for healthy food. Salads and wraps being the best, though vegetarians (and kids at heart) can also get grilled cheese.
I checked with the zoo, and they too agree that the Durham Tree Top Cafe offers the most selection.
1. Food stands – Your options will be limited all over the zoo. At most other stands, your choice is limited to one or two of these: Fries, popcorn, cookies and maybe peanut butter and jelly sandwiches. As Patterson pointed out, you can find salads at the Qwest and Silverback concession stands, too.
Vegetarian meals are not abundant, but food options are available if you plan well.
2. Desserts around the zoo are, as you might expect, also options. You'll find frozen malts, soft serve ice cream, chocolate frozen bananas and sno cones, for example.
The zoo has its own rundown here.
What do I eat when we're there? If we dine at the Tree Top Cafe, I usually get a veggie wrap. The food stands are extremely limiting for me. I usually end up noshing on fries; not a meal, does fries make. I'm happiest when we bring a picnic. If you're coming in from out of town and don't have that kind of option, there's a Jimmy John's near the zoo (gluten-free option: the unwich) as well as a gas station with some snack choices.
Hmm, great question. I don't recall any great options.


Fat is not all bad. In fact, some fats are not only good for you, they are essential to your health and well being. Omega 3 fatty acids are identified as an essential fatty acid and are a good fat. These fats are hugely important to your health. Omega-3 are often called "essential" fatty acids because they are just that, essential to your health and well being. Unfortunately our bodies are unable to manufacture these essential fatty acids so it is important that they are included in our diets.
Where To Get Omega 3 Fatty Acids?
You may already be familiar with the fact that oily fish contain large amounts of omega 3 fatty acids. So consuming tuna, salmon, sardines and trout on a regular basis will ensure you get an adequate intake of Omega 3. But what if you're not a lover of fish or have a fish allergy? Don't worry, you do have other options. Other foods rich in omega 3 fatty acids include walnuts, soybeans and flaxseeds; we'll go into that a bit further later.
All three of these fatty acids combine to work together to form the building blocks your body needs for better health. Your body will absorb the ALA and turn it into EPA and DHA, which your body needs for enhancement and improvement. However, this conversion isn't very efficient and it is recommended that you include EPA and DHA sources in your diet as well.
ALA is found in plant sources like canola oil, soybeans, walnuts, linseeds and pumpkin seeds, but the richest source of ALA is flaxseed, which can be purchased from a health food store.
DHA is found in seafood, algae, and coldwater fish such as salmon, sardines and tuna. You can of course take supplements such as fish oil if you can't stomach the taste or smell of fish.
EPA is found in many of the same foods as DHA as well as cod liver, herring, mackerel, and halibut.
The bad cholesterol (LDL) found in our bodies is lowered by increasing the amount of omega 3 we have in our diet. Many former heart attack patients adding supplements or foods high in omega 3 to their diet reduced their chances of another heart attack by almost 30 percent.
Research shows that omega 3 fats reduce inflammation, helping to prevent many inflammatory diseases. Arthritis and Osteoarthritis are major inflammation and autoimmune diseases that benefit from adequate amounts of Omega 3's in your diet.
Omega 3 fatty acids are also known to alleviate the symptoms of chronic Inflammation diseases of the bowel such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Lung diseases, such as Asthma can be helped and symptoms alleviated by ensuring you are consuming good levels of Omega 3.
Omega 3's have been proven to alleviate the symptoms of skin disorders like acne and psoriasis.
There is really no need to consume huge amounts of Omega 3's. Simply add fish to your diet twice a week, or if you aren't into fish or are allergic, try snacking on a quarter cup of seeds and nuts three times a week, or you could simply add a tablespoon of Flaxseed oil to your breakfast each morning. Otherwise there is always supplementation.
Omega 3 fatty acids are healthy fats which are essential to our diets. The health benefits they provide are amazing and should not be underestimated. If you are considering taking supplements of omega 3, discuss this with your doctor. Determine how much a good recommended dose is for you and make certain it will not interfere with any prescription medications you are currently taking.


text:
Share of adults with diabetes in England 2013, by gender and shift work
Proportion of individuals with diabetes in England in 2013, by gender and shift work
by Statista Research Department, last edited Dec 10, 2014
This statistic displays the proportion of individuals with diabetes in England in 2013, by gender and shift work. In this year, 10 percent of men and 10 percent of women who did shift work had diabetes.
Any shift work 10% 10%
Never does shift work 9% 7%
January to December 2013
* Weighted bases: n (men)= 2,088, n (women)= 2,011.
Shift work: defined as 'outside the hours of 7am to 7pm in your (main) job'.
Excluding diabetes only during pregnancy among women.
U.S. sedentary lifestyle among adults by ethnicity 2018
Rate of skin cancer cases in the U.S. in 2015, by ethnicity
Death rate by ethnic group and sex in the U.S. 2017
Adults with severe headache or migraine 2016, by ethnicity
Statistics on "Racial and ethnic health disparities in the U.S. "
Diseases and disabilities
Percentage of adults in the U.S. who had been diagnosed with selected medical conditions as of 2017, by ethnicityMedical conditions U.S. adults had been diagnosed with as of 2017, by ethnicity
Percentage of adults in the U.S. who were prone to select symptoms as of 2017, by ethnicityU.S. adults prone to certain symptoms 2017, by ethnicity
Percentage of adults in the U.S. who suffered at least sometimes from select health symptoms as of February 2017, by ethnicityCommon health symptoms found among U.S. adults as of 2017, by ethnicity
Frequency adults in the U.S. caught a cold within the last year as of 2017, by ethnicityFrequency U.S. adults caught colds within the last year 2017, by ethnicity
Percentage of adults in the U.S. with severe headache or migraine in 1997 and 2016, by ethnicityAdults with severe headache or migraine 2016, by ethnicity
Percentage of persons with current asthma in the United States from 2001 to 2017, by ethnicityPercentage of current asthma in the United States 2001-2017 by ethnicity
Prevalence of cardiovascular diseases among U.S. adults in 2013-2016, by ethnicity and genderPrevalence of cardiovascular disease in U.S. adults 2013-2016 ethnicity and gender
New cases of tuberculosis per 100,000 population in the U.S. in 2018, by ethnicityNew cases of tuberculosis in the U.S. 2018, by ethnicity
Percentage of adults in the U.S. who had chronic kidney disease from 2001 to 2016, by ethnicityPrevalence of chronic kidney disease in the U.S. 2001-2016, by ethnicity
Percentage of adults with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis in the U.S. in 2015-2016, by ethnicityIncidence of inflammatory bowel disease in the U.S. in 2015-2016, by ethnicity
Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 3 to 17 years in the U.S. from 2014 to 2016, by ethnicityPrevalence of autism spectrum disorder in children U.S. 2014-2016, by ethnicity
Prevalence of children aged 3-17 that have ever been diagnosed with an intellectual disability from 2014 to 2016, by ethnicityPrevalence of children with an intellectual disability 2014-2016, by ethnicity
Prevalence of children aged 3-17 that have ever been diagnosed with a developmental disability from 2014 to 2016, by ethnicity*Prevalence of children with a developmental disability 2014-2016, by ethnicity
Incidence rate of cancer in the U.S. for the period 2011-2015, by ethnic group and gender (per 100,000 population)Cancer: incidence rate in the U.S. by ethnic group and gender 2011-2015
Incidence rates of skin cancer in the U.S. in 2015, by ethnicity (per 100,000 population)Rate of skin cancer cases in the U.S. in 2015, by ethnicity
Colorectal cancer incidence rates among U.S. residents from 2011 to 2015, by ethnicity (per 100,000 population) Incidence rates of colorectal cancer among U.S. residents 2011-2015, by ethnicity
Five-year relative cancer survival rates in the U.S. in periods between 1975 and 2014, by ethnic group Cancer: 5-year survival rates in the U.S. by ethnic group 1975-2014
Cancer death rates in the U.S. for the period 2012-2016, by ethnic group and gender (per 100,000 population)U.S. mortality rates from cancer by ethnic group and gender 2012-2016
Mortality rate of uterine cervix cancer among U.S. women from 2012 to 2016, by ethnicityMortality rate of uterine cervix cancer in the U.S. 2012-2016, by ethnicity
Distribution of AIDS diagnoses among males in the U.S. in 2017, by ethnicity*Distribution of AIDS diagnoses among males in the U.S. by ethnicity 2017
Distribution of AIDS diagnoses among females in the U.S. in 2017, by ethnicity*Distribution of AIDS diagnoses among females in the U.S. by ethnicity 2017
Rates of reported cases of gonorrhea in the United States in 2017, by ethnicity and gender (per 100,000 population)Rate of gonorrhea cases in the United States by ethnicity and gender 2017
Rates of reported cases of syphilis in the United States in 2017, by ethnicity and gender*Cases of syphilis in the United States by by ethnicity and gender 2017
Rates of reported cases of chlamydia in the United States in 2017, by ethnicity and genderChlamydia rates in the United States 2017 by ethnicity and gender
Prevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 in the U.S. from 1999 to 2016, by ethnicityShare of U.S. Americans with herpes simplex virus type 2 U.S. 1999-2016, by ethnicity
Percentage of students who used condoms during the last sexual intercourse in 2017, by gender and ethnicity*U.S. high school students who used condoms by gender and ethnicity 2017
Percentage of sexually active high school students in the U.S. who did not use a contraceptive method at last sexual intercourse from 2013 to 2017, by ethnicity*U.S. high school students who didn't use contraception 2013-2017, by ethnicity
Percentage of adults in the United States with poor mental health as of 2017, by ethnicity*Percentage of adults with poor mental health in the U.S. by ethnicity 2017
Percentage of women in the U.S. who reported poor mental health status in the past month in 2015-2017, by ethnicity*U.S. females who reported their mental health was poor 2015-2017, by ethnicity
Percentage of adults in the U.S. with depression from 2013 to 2016, by ethnicityShare of adults with depression in the U.S. 2013-2016, by ethnicity
Percentage of persons with serious psychological distress in the past month in the U.S. in 2015-2016, by ethnicity*Persons with serious psychological distress in the U.S. by ethnicity 2015-2016
Percentage of adults in the U.S. by frequency of stress as of February 2017, by ethnicityFrequency that U.S. adults felt stressed as of 2017, by ethnicity
Distribution of U.S. suicide cases with previously known mental health conditions as of 2015, by ethnicityMental health status of U.S. suicide cases in 2015, by ethnicity
Percentage of U.S. population without health care visits in the past 12 months in 2000 and 2016, by ethnicityU.S. population without health care visits 2000-2016, by ethnicity
Number of times adults in the U.S. went to the doctor for acute treatments in the past year as of 2017, by ethnicityFrequency of visits to the doctors for acute treatment U.S. adults 2017, by ethnicity
Percentage of U.S. adults with outpatient hospital treatments within the preceding 5 years as of 2017, by ethnicityAdults with outpatient hospital treatments in preceding 5 years 2017, by ethnicity
Percentage of men in the U.S. who reported having no personal doctor or health care provider in 2015-2017, by ethnicityU.S. males who reported having no personal doctor 2015-2017 by ethnicity
Percentage of persons with a dental visit in the past year in the U.S. in 1997 and 2016, by ethnicityPersons with a dental visit in the past year 2016, by ethnicity
Percentage and rate of children without health insurance in the U.S. in 2017, by ethnicityUninsured U.S. children percentage and rate by ethnicity 2017
Number of non-elderly people without health insurance in the U.S. in 2017 by ethnicity (in millions)Uninsured non-elderly people in the U.S. by ethnicity 2017
Percentage of U.S. adults that had ever received treatment for a mental health condition as of 2018, by ethnicityAdults that have been treated for mental health in the U.S. as of 2018, by ethnicity
Death rate in the United States in 2017, by ethnic group and sex (per 100,000 of population)Death rate by ethnic group and sex in the U.S. 2017
Asthma death rate among U.S. residents from 1999 to 2016, by ethnicity (per one million population)U.S. asthma death rate from 1999-2016, by ethnicity
HIV death rate in the U.S. in 2016, by ethnicity (per 100,000 population)Death rate from HIV in the U.S. in 2016, by ethnicity
Rate of hepatitis C-related deaths in the U.S. in 2016, by ethnicity (per 100,000 population)Rate of hepatitis C-related deaths in the U.S. in 2016, by ethnicity
Male deaths by firearm-related injuries per 100,000 resident population in the U.S. from 1970 to 2016, by ethnicity*Male deaths by firearm-related injuries 1970-2016, by ethnicity
Rate of drug overdose deaths in the United States in 2016, by drug type and ethnicity (per 100,000 population)U.S. drug overdose death rate in 2016, by drug type and ethnicity
Heroin overdose death rate in the U.S. in 2016 and 2017, by ethnicity (per 100,000 population)Death rate from heroin overdose U.S. 2016 and 2017, by ethnicity
U.S. death rate from prescription opioid overdose in 2015 and 2016, by ethnicity (per 100,000 population)Death rate due to prescription opioid overdose U.S. 2015-2016, by ethnicity
Current, binge, and heavy alcohol use in the United States in 2017, by ethnicity*Alcohol use among U.S. persons aged 12 or older by ethnicity 2017
Prevalence of smoking among U.S. adults as of 2018, by ethnicity*U.S. smoking prevalence among adults by ethnicity 2018
Prevalence of physical inactivity among adults in the U.S. as of 2018, by ethnicity*U.S. sedentary lifestyle among adults by ethnicity 2018
Average body mass index (BMI) of U.S. men aged 20 years and over from 1999 to 2016, by ethnicityAverage adult male BMI in the U.S. from 1999 to 2016, by ethnicity
Average body mass index (BMI) of U.S. women aged 20 years and over from 1999 to 2016, by ethnicityAverage adult female BMI in the U.S. from 1999 to 2016, by ethnicity
Percentage of U.S. high school students who were overweight in 2016-2017, by gender and ethnicity*Overweight high school students in the U.S. in 2016-2017, by gender and ethnicity
Percentage of U.S. high school students who were obese in 2016-2017, by gender and ethnicityObese high school students in the U.S. in 2016-2017, by gender and ethnicity
Body mass index of adults in England 2013, by gender and shift work
Overweight and obese prevalence in England 2013, by gender and shift work
Share of adults with longstanding illness in England 2013, by gender and shift work
Share of adults with longstanding illnesses in England 2013, by gender and shift work
Share of adults with hypertension in England 2013, by gender and shift work
Mean waist circumference of adults in England 2013, by gender and shift work
Share of adults with high waist circumference in England by gender and shift work
General health of adults in England 2013, by gender and shift work
Weekly alcohol consumption in England 2013, by gender and shift work
Alcohol consumption in England 2013, by gender and shift work
Share of adults with diabetes in England 2013, by gender and waist circumference
Fruit and vegetable consumption in England 2013, by gender and shift work
Physical activity in England 2013, by gender and shift work
Cigarette smoking status in England 2013, by gender and shift work
Inpatients with diabetes in England and Wales 2013, by type
Diabetic individuals in Wales 2003-2015, by gender
Individuals being treated for diabetes in Wales 2015 by age and gender
Diabetes: lower limb amputation rates by region in France 2013
Number of diabetics treated by insulin by age in France 2012
Workplace health and wellness in the U.S.
Stress and burnout
Workplace learning and development
Diabetes in the United Kingdom (UK)
Health risk factors in the U.S.
College student health in the U.S.
Health in Singapore
State of health in Ireland
Diabetes in the U.S.
State of health of children in the United Kingdom (UK)
Health care in Saudi Arabia
State of health in the United Kingdom (UK)
Child health and nutrition
Racial and ethnic health disparities in the U.S.
Mental health issues in Canada
Percentage of adults in the U.S. who had been diagnosed with selected medical conditions as of 2017, by ethnicity
Percentage of adults in the U.S. who were prone to select symptoms as of 2017, by ethnicity
Percentage of adults in the U.S. who suffered at least sometimes from select health symptoms as of February 2017, by ethnicity
Frequency adults in the U.S. caught a cold within the last year as of 2017, by ethnicity
Percentage of adults in the U.S. with severe headache or migraine in 1997 and 2016, by ethnicity
Percentage of persons with current asthma in the United States from 2001 to 2017, by ethnicity
Prevalence of cardiovascular diseases among U.S. adults in 2013-2016, by ethnicity and gender
New cases of tuberculosis per 100,000 population in the U.S. in 2018, by ethnicity
Percentage of adults in the U.S. who had chronic kidney disease from 2001 to 2016, by ethnicity
Percentage of adults with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis in the U.S. in 2015-2016, by ethnicity
Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 3 to 17 years in the U.S. from 2014 to 2016, by ethnicity
Prevalence of children aged 3-17 that have ever been diagnosed with an intellectual disability from 2014 to 2016, by ethnicity
Prevalence of children aged 3-17 that have ever been diagnosed with a developmental disability from 2014 to 2016, by ethnicity*
Incidence rate of cancer in the U.S. for the period 2011-2015, by ethnic group and gender (per 100,000 population)
Incidence rates of skin cancer in the U.S. in 2015, by ethnicity (per 100,000 population)
Colorectal cancer incidence rates among U.S. residents from 2011 to 2015, by ethnicity (per 100,000 population)
Five-year relative cancer survival rates in the U.S. in periods between 1975 and 2014, by ethnic group
Cancer death rates in the U.S. for the period 2012-2016, by ethnic group and gender (per 100,000 population)
Mortality rate of uterine cervix cancer among U.S. women from 2012 to 2016, by ethnicity
Distribution of AIDS diagnoses among males in the U.S. in 2017, by ethnicity*
Distribution of AIDS diagnoses among females in the U.S. in 2017, by ethnicity*
Rates of reported cases of gonorrhea in the United States in 2017, by ethnicity and gender (per 100,000 population)
Rates of reported cases of syphilis in the United States in 2017, by ethnicity and gender*
Rates of reported cases of chlamydia in the United States in 2017, by ethnicity and gender
Prevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 in the U.S. from 1999 to 2016, by ethnicity
Percentage of students who used condoms during the last sexual intercourse in 2017, by gender and ethnicity*
Percentage of sexually active high school students in the U.S. who did not use a contraceptive method at last sexual intercourse from 2013 to 2017, by ethnicity*
Percentage of adults in the United States with poor mental health as of 2017, by ethnicity*
Percentage of women in the U.S. who reported poor mental health status in the past month in 2015-2017, by ethnicity*
Percentage of adults in the U.S. with depression from 2013 to 2016, by ethnicity
Percentage of persons with serious psychological distress in the past month in the U.S. in 2015-2016, by ethnicity*
Percentage of adults in the U.S. by frequency of stress as of February 2017, by ethnicity
Distribution of U.S. suicide cases with previously known mental health conditions as of 2015, by ethnicity
Percentage of U.S. population without health care visits in the past 12 months in 2000 and 2016, by ethnicity
Number of times adults in the U.S. went to the doctor for acute treatments in the past year as of 2017, by ethnicity
Percentage of U.S. adults with outpatient hospital treatments within the preceding 5 years as of 2017, by ethnicity
Percentage of men in the U.S. who reported having no personal doctor or health care provider in 2015-2017, by ethnicity
Percentage of persons with a dental visit in the past year in the U.S. in 1997 and 2016, by ethnicity
Percentage and rate of children without health insurance in the U.S. in 2017, by ethnicity
Number of non-elderly people without health insurance in the U.S. in 2017 by ethnicity (in millions)
Percentage of U.S. adults that had ever received treatment for a mental health condition as of 2018, by ethnicity
Percentage of U.S. Americans who received treatment for alcohol use in 2017, by ethnicity
Death rate in the United States in 2017, by ethnic group and sex (per 100,000 of population)
Asthma death rate among U.S. residents from 1999 to 2016, by ethnicity (per one million population)
HIV death rate in the U.S. in 2016, by ethnicity (per 100,000 population)
Rate of hepatitis C-related deaths in the U.S. in 2016, by ethnicity (per 100,000 population)
Male deaths by firearm-related injuries per 100,000 resident population in the U.S. from 1970 to 2016, by ethnicity*
Rate of drug overdose deaths in the United States in 2016, by drug type and ethnicity (per 100,000 population)
Heroin overdose death rate in the U.S. in 2016 and 2017, by ethnicity (per 100,000 population)
U.S. death rate from prescription opioid overdose in 2015 and 2016, by ethnicity (per 100,000 population)
Current, binge, and heavy alcohol use in the United States in 2017, by ethnicity*
Prevalence of smoking among U.S. adults as of 2018, by ethnicity*
Prevalence of physical inactivity among adults in the U.S. as of 2018, by ethnicity*
Average body mass index (BMI) of U.S. men aged 20 years and over from 1999 to 2016, by ethnicity
Average body mass index (BMI) of U.S. women aged 20 years and over from 1999 to 2016, by ethnicity
Percentage of U.S. high school students who were overweight in 2016-2017, by gender and ethnicity*
Percentage of U.S. high school students who were obese in 2016-2017, by gender and ethnicity
Mean body mass index of adults in England in 2013, by gender and shift work (in kilograms per meter squared)
Prevalence of obesity and overweight individuals in England in 2013, by gender and shift work
Proportion of individuals with a longstanding illness in England in 2013, by gender and shift work
Proportion of individuals with one or more longstanding illnesses in England in 2013, by gender and shift work
Proportion of individuals with hypertension in England in 2013, by gender and shift work
Mean waist circumference of individuals in England in 2013, by gender and shift work (in centimeters)
Proportion of individuals with a high waist circumference in England in 2013, by gender and shift work
Distribution of individuals self-reported general health in England in 2013, by gender and shift work
Weekly alcohol consumption in England in 2013, by gender and shift work
Distribution of alcohol consumption in England in 2013, by gender and shift work
Proportion of individuals who have diabetes in England in 2013, by gender and waist circumference
Mean number of portions of fruit and vegetable consumed daily in England in 2013, by gender and shift work
Distribution of physical activity levels in England in 2013, by gender and shift work
Distribution of cigarette smoking status in England in 2013, by gender and shift work
Share of inpatients with diabetes in England and Wales in 2013, by type
Percentage of individuals being treated for diabetes in Wales from 2003 to 2015, by gender
Individuals currently being treated for diabetes in Wales in 2015, by gender and age
Number of lower limb amputations per 100,000 diabetic people treated pharmacologically in France in 2013, by region *
Number of people with diabetes and treated with insulin in France in 2012, by age group


text:
Q: Spark program fails while writing to a text file in local mode on windows Getting exception while running a simple spark program in Intellij on Windows. When I ran the code in debug mode, found that the program is failing trying to execute below command.
D:\winutils\bin\winutils.exe chmod 0644 C:\Users\himanshu\git\SparkRDDs\target\output\_temporary\0\_temporary\attempt_20170529130949_0027_m_000000_405\part-00000

This is where the code fails.
join.rdd.saveAsTextFile("file:///Users/himanshu/git/SparkRDDs/target/output/")

Stacktrace below -

17/05/29 14:07:48 ERROR Executor: Exception in task 0.0 in stage 27.0 (TID 410)
        org.apache.hadoop.util.Shell$ExitCodeException:
            at org.apache.hadoop.util.Shell.runCommand(Shell.java:464)
            at org.apache.hadoop.util.Shell.run(Shell.java:379)
            at org.apache.hadoop.util.Shell$ShellCommandExecutor.execute(Shell.java:589)
            at org.apache.hadoop.util.Shell.execCommand(Shell.java:678)
            at org.apache.hadoop.util.Shell.execCommand(Shell.java:661)
            at org.apache.hadoop.fs.RawLocalFileSystem.setPermission(RawLocalFileSystem.java:639)
            at org.apache.hadoop.fs.FilterFileSystem.setPermission(FilterFileSystem.java:468)
            at org.apache.hadoop.fs.ChecksumFileSystem.create(ChecksumFileSystem.java:456)
            at org.apache.hadoop.fs.ChecksumFileSystem.create(ChecksumFileSystem.java:424)
            at org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem.create(FileSystem.java:905)
            at org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem.create(FileSystem.java:798)
            at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.TextOutputFormat.getRecordWriter(TextOutputFormat.java:123)
            at org.apache.spark.SparkHadoopWriter.open(SparkHadoopWriter.scala:90)
            at org.apache.spark.rdd.PairRDDFunctions$$anonfun$saveAsHadoopDataset$1$$anonfun$13.apply(PairRDDFunctions.scala:1206)
            at org.apache.spark.rdd.PairRDDFunctions$$anonfun$saveAsHadoopDataset$1$$anonfun$13.apply(PairRDDFunctions.scala:1197)
            at org.apache.spark.scheduler.ResultTask.runTask(ResultTask.scala:87)
            at org.apache.spark.scheduler.Task.run(Task.scala:99)
            at org.apache.spark.executor.Executor$TaskRunner.run(Executor.scala:322)
            at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
            at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
            at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

Surprisingly in Eclipse, the program runs just fine.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Protect your hair while you are in shower.
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Good Water-Absorbent: Large and thick, fits all heads, can encase the hair well, great water absorption, can dry the hair quickly.
Portable: Lightweight and can be folded into small volume, saving place, suit for home use, barber shop, beauty salon. Also great for travelling and business trip.


We collect certain information you provide to us when using 4C Building Envelopes & Heights LLP (4C) website (www.4ccs.in), such as when you create an account and profile, send us an email or post information or other content to 4C Building Envelopes & Heights LLP (4C) We collect certain personal information, like your name, picture, email address and phone number, as well as certain non-identifying information, like your gender, birthday and zip code. We will also collect the contact information of your friends, if you choose to connect your contacts and address book information with 4C Building Envelopes & Heights LLP (4C) and your login credentials to your social network accounts, if you choose to connect those accounts with your 4C Building Envelopes & Heights LLP (4C) account.
We also automatically collect certain information when you use 4C Building Envelopes & Heights LLP (4C), such as your location/GPS coordinates (if you enable this feature), a device identifier (but not the UDID), MAC address, wireless service provider, Internet Protocol (IP) address, operating system, the browser type, the address of a referring site and your activity on 4C Building Envelopes & Heights LLP (4C). You can enable or disable location services when you use 4C Building Envelopes & Heights LLP (4C) at anytime, through your browser settings. This information is not treated as personal information unless we combine it with or link it to any of the personally identifiable information mentioned above.
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text:
Contact Mr. Rubin
Relationships Based on Trust Results Based on Your Objectives
What To Do If You Suspect Legal Malpractice
When you feel as though a previous attorney put their own interests ahead of yours, placing your trust in the hands of another attorney is difficult to say the least. It could also be the case that you simply don't know if something improper took place and are hesitant to contact a lawyer about it for fear of wasting everyone's time. You may also be wondering if your concerns might have more to do with getting a bad result than any actual misconduct.
Our advice, based on nearly 20 years of experience with legal malpractice claims: Go ahead and call. The worst that can happen is that you find out you don't have a case. That alone can provide valuable peace of mind.
At the law office of Andrew Rubin, Attorney at Law, we handle legal malpractice claims of all types on behalf of clients in Essex County, Bergen County and throughout the state of New Jersey. Our practice includes claims that involve a breach of fiduciary duty, negligence, ethics violations and conflicts of interest. If you have questions regarding the integrity or actions of a previous attorney — call or contact us online so that we can arrange a consultation.
Don't Wait Because You're Unsure...
Legal malpractice claims are difficult to prove. For instance, if you had a personal injury claim and your attorney failed to file the claim before the statute of limitations ran out, you would — in order to recover on the legal malpractice claim — have to prove that you would have won your case had you been allowed to pursue it. This is just one of the potential obstacles. Unfortunately, the case file is often where the critical information is found.
For all these reasons, it is important that an investigation into what happened and how you were harmed by it begin sooner rather than later. We can act quickly to force your previous attorney to turn over the case file and begin working to protect your legal rights.
Trusting any attorney right now, no matter who it is, will be a big step for you. Attorney Andrew Rubin has been qualified by the courts of New Jersey to serve as an expert witness in legal malpractice cases.
Serving Clients Throughout New Jersey Since 1979: 973-718-2239
To schedule an initial consultation — call our Montclair, New Jersey, law offices directly or, contact us online. Evening and weekend appointments are available by request.
Missing a Deadline
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Balloon clouds, often called "Cloud Nine", make a perfect head table wedding decoration. They can of course be used for any occasion, like birthdays, anniversary parties, baby showers, themed parties or corporate events.
Cloud nine decorations consist of 9 helium filled balloons, arranged together to form a cloud shape. They are topped with a double bubble, usually an 11 inch balloon in a 16 inch clear balloon. They are strung together with ribbons and tulle, in arrangement of three or five clouds, creating the beautiful illusion of floating clouds above your head table!
Create a template for your balloons by tracing the outline of a plate or pie tin onto a piece of poster board. The size of the circle reflects the inflated diameter of your balloons. Remove the traced circle with your scissors.
As you inflate each balloon, hold it inside the cut-out, filling the balloon until it just touches the sides of the poster board. This way, all of your balloons will be approximately the same size.
Alternatively, you can use a home made or commercially available balloon sizer.
Fill the first balloon with helium. Tie a knot at the end. Attach a piece of monofilament line 2 feet in length to the tail of the balloon. Place the free end of the line underneath a heavy book.
Fill a second balloon and tie a knot at the end. Holding both balloons by their tails, tie them together, forming a duplet which looks like a big bow tie. Now fill balloons number 3 and 4 and create a second duplet.
Twist the two balloon duplets together at their centre, forming a balloon four-leaf clover (a cluster of 4 balloons).
Repeat Steps 3 and 4, making a second four balloon cluster. Bind this second cluster tightly to the first by running monofilament line through the centre and wrapping it in alternating figure 8s at least three times around each balloon.
Be sure to offset the balloons of the second cluster so that they lie in between, rather than directly on top of, the balloons of the first balloon cluster.
For the final balloon, you want to make a double bubble. Slip the 11 inch balloon over a chop stick, which makes it much easier to insert it into the 16 inch balloon. Make sure that the necks of the two balloons are aligned before you withdraw the chop stick. Now inflate the outer balloon first and then the inner balloon. The trickiest bit is to knot both necks at the same time without losing too much helium.
This is how your finished balloon cloud looks like.
Measure the distance from the surface where you will anchor your balloons to their suspended height. Cut a piece of fishing line to fit the distance and tie it to the centre of the cluster on the bottom. Tuck all knots inside the balloon cluster and trim any excess line.
Place the balloon cloud cluster in the desired location. Anchor it to the floor or table by tying the end of the line to a heavy object, or securing the end with a piece of strong tape.
Now, for the elegant finishing touch, attach your color matching ribbon to the clouds. Have two lengths of the ribbon hang down from the bottom of the cloud, and string one length of ribbon between the clouds, forming a garland to connect the individual clouds into one cohesive decor.
Special Tip: Alternatively, non-helium balloon clouds can be suspended from the ceiling by hanging the cloud upside down, with the double bubble at the bottom rather than on top, and attaching the cloud to a ceiling hook. The video below shows how to do this.


Many thanks to all our guest presenters on 'Tea with a Druid' for Magical March: Pamela, Eimear, Julie, & Paul. We'll have more guests for you in Mystical May!
So much has happened since 25th Feb – the last tea I had with you. The awful events in New Zealand and Mozambique. The first caused by one human being, the other by a natural disaster. All we can do in these times is help in whatever practical way we can and send our love and healing thoughts to all those who are suffering. May peace prevail.
This evening I'd like to pick up on the topic Paul brought up – the relationship between the ordinary and the extraordinary. It's a hugely fruitful topic and, as one so drawn to the magical and extraordinary, I loved the way Paul's repetition of the word 'ordinary' in the meditation led me deeper and deeper into letting go and opening up.
So how did that happen? Like many people, I guess, I have always had the following associations to ordinariness: Drab, dull, unexciting, nothing happening, ugliness even, stuckness, stasis.
'Extraordinary' has associated to me: exotic, exciting, different, new, weird, even 'High Weirdness', beauty, movement.
When I held these two apparently opposite concepts together after watching Paul's talk, something interesting happened – I felt an integration, a shift in my consciousness. They turned into two completely interrelated dynamics – of stasis and movement, of news and oldness – of innovation and tradition. All inseparable and in fact dependent on each other.
In spiritual teachings we often talk about uniting two forces within ourselves – of Yin and Yang, of the Masculine and Feminine, of Consciousness and Unconsciousness. Well, here is an apparently less exotic or esoteric pair: ordinariness and extraordinariness. But if we put them together, we get the opportunity for something special to happen: for integration, for harmony within us.
Wishing everyone a very happy and blessed Equinox! At this point of balance – this time of equal light and darkness – may you find your equilibrium and that magical place between the inbreath and outbreath; a gentle, mindful pause before the season turns towards the rush of summer or the release of winter.


text:
Google acquires Redux, the company that turns surfaces into speakers
By Adam Smith 11 January 2018
The company's latest acquisition could mean the next generation of Pixel phones does without traditional speakers.
If you want to see how a magic trick works, never look where the magician wants you to. Similarly, while CES 2018 - the biggest consumer electronics show - is happening, it's always worth keeping an eye on what's going on elsewhere.
For Google, that's the acquisition of UK startup Redux - a company that specialises in turning surfaces (like smartphone displays, for example) into speakers. Because manufacturers don't need to add small speaker drivers into their devices, space can be liberated for other components. Like bigger batteries, perhaps.
Bloomburg reported last night that Redux's shares were transferred to Google on December 13th. Google has declined to comment on the purchase price for the startup, or indeed any other details of the acquisition.
Redux technology could be implimented by Google in a number of ways. The most obvious is the next generation of Pixel phones, which could forgo speakers altogether - which would improve the bezel-less aesthetic the tech giant is striving for.
But Google isn't the only company with access to this technology. Sony's 2017 OLED TVs feature "Acoustic Surface technology" that vibrates the display - this enables sound to be output directly from the TV screen and eliminates the need for conventional speakers.
Google could also improve its phone's haptic feedback (according to AndroidAuthority) or simply license out Redux's 178 patents to make a bit more cash. Still, the day of the traditional smartphone speaker could yet be nearing its end.
February 2018 issue on sale now!
CES 2018 news, highlights and best new products
41% of Android devices vulnerable to "exceptionally devastating" hack
Google Pixel Buds hands-on
THX and i-BLADES unite for sound-improving phone cases
CES 2018: Bragi is working on tailor-made listening experiences


text:
Q: Converting Console Program to Win Form I'm trying
I'm trying to convert a Console App into a Win Form, with the class being the same and the functionality being the same
Is there a direct method for converting from a console application to a windows form?

A: I would create a new Windows Forms project. You can then copy the code inside this class and paste it into the new code behind created in the Win Forms project you just created. You will need to modify the "main" method by changing its name and remove all the Console calls. Change the parameters to take in two strings and output a boolean or a string, whichever you prefer. Then you will want to make the GUI on the form and create a button, add a click event handler to call the function presently called "main". Based on the return of the method you display a message on the form.