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Global Inequality Reaches Levels Not Seen in Nearly 200 Years
October 4, 2014 nickcayman
Global income inequality has returned to levels recorded in the 1820s—when the Industrial Revolution produced sizable wealth gaps between the rich and poor—according to a new report released Thursday by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).
The sweeping study, "How Was Life? Global Well-Being Since 1820," uses historical data from eight world regions to present for the first time "systematic evidence" of trends in areas such as health, education, inequality, the environment, and personal security over the past 200 years.
The report reveals that great strides have been made in some areas such as literacy, life expectancy, and gender inequality. "People's well-being has generally progressed since the early 20th century across a large part of the world," it reads.
But while income inequality, as measured by pre-tax household income among individuals within a country, fell between the end of the 19th century until around 1970, it began to rise markedly at that point, perhaps in response to globalization.
"The enormous increase of income inequality on a global scale is one of the most significant—and worrying—features of the development of the world economy in the past 200 years," the authors write. "It is hard not to notice the sharp increase in income inequality experienced by the vast majority of countries from the 1980s. There are very few exceptions to this."
In a speech Wednesday in Strasbourg, France before the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, OECD secretary-general Angel Gurría called on world leaders to "strengthen our efforts to reduce inequality."
He declared:
The financial and economic crisis has exacerbated rising inequality and fueled a social crisis. In OECD countries the income of the top 10 percent of the population is 9.5 times that of the bottom 10 percent, up by more than 30 percent in 25 years. Anchored poverty has increased by approximately 2 percentage points between 2007 and 2011, with much larger increases in countries that have experienced the deepest and longest downturns. The number of those living in households without any income from work has doubled in Greece, Ireland, and Spain. And worryingly for our future, the youth have now replaced the elderly as the group experiencing the greatest risk of income poverty. More
economic disparityincome inequalitypovertysocial


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Still Golden: San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge 80 Years Ago
Published at 7:17 pm on May 27, 2017
The iconic Golden Gate Bridge opened to pedestrians 80 years ago, on May 27, 1937.
A US Navy aircraft carrier going under the Golden Gate Bridge during opening day ceremonies for traffic on the bridge on May 28, 1937.
Workers on the catwalks bundling the cables during the construction of the cables of the Golden Gate Bridge, San Francisco, California, circa 1936.
View from Crissy Field in the Presidio of the construction of the Golden Gate Bridge with the roadbed being installed, San Francisco, California,1937.
In an Oct. 25, 1935 file photo, workers complete the catwalks for the Golden Gate Bridge, prior to spinning the bridge cables during construction in San Francisco. The bridge was heralded as an engineering marvel when it opened in 1937. It was the world's longest suspension span and had been built across a strait that critics said was too treacherous to be bridged.
Opening of the Golden Gate Bridge.
In this May 27, 1937 file photo, military biplanes fly between the towers of the Golden Gate Bridge as pedestrians walk across the span during opening ceremonies in San Francisco. The bridge was heralded as an engineering marvel when it opened in 1937. It was the world's longest suspension span and had been built across a strait that critics said was too treacherous to be bridged.
Some of the thousands of guests, who walked across the Golden Gate Bridge when it was opened to the pedestrians. The toll for walking the five miles was five cents for a regular ticket and twenty five cents for a souvenir ticket.
In Pictures: Water Main Break Floods Upper West Side

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Product good in sense of quality and material been used.


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Google Maps Will Pronounce Foreign Place Names Out Loud for Travelers
Eric Hal Schwartz
Google is connecting its Maps and Translate products to help international travelers navigate their way around places where they don't speak the language. The new translation feature prompts the Google Maps app to automatically translate and recite out loud the name of a place and its address in the local language.
Google Speaking to Locals
To discover how to pronounce a place name, users just have to press a speaker button next to the name of the place, Google explained in their blog post about the new feature. The software detects the default language on the phone to determine if a translation might be needed, so someone with a phone set to Korean won't see the speaker icon for somewhere in Seoul, as an example. Along with the place name translation and text-to-speech in Google Maps, the updated version of the app offers a faster switch to Google Translate. Tapping the button near the bottom of the place name translation window immediately opens Google Translate with the two languages just used as a way to continue a conversation with a local who has just given directions, for instance.
The new features are available on both iOS and Android devices for 5o different languages, with more on the way according to Google. While the announcement of the new features doesn't go into detail about how the new connection between Google Maps and Google Translate will affect other elements of the company's ecosystem, it would make sense for Google Assistant to be a potential intermediary as well, whether its through the auto-translate feature in the Pixel Earbuds or just through Google Assistant's integration into Maps.
Language and Navigation
The geography translation and pronunciation feature is only Google's latest experiment with applying voice technology to Google Maps. Last month, Google rolled out an expansion of its walking directions guidance specifically for people with visual impairments. The more proactive and detailed directions help those who cannot see navigate their way from place to place without getting lost, and keep them informed about potentially busy areas where they should exercise more caution.
Google has also been stepping up its efforts to localize its voice. In the case of Google Assistant, that includes accent variations and new international voices, as well as additional languages. Google wants to be the voice people expect to hear with all of the answers, the new feature just extends that to languages globally.
Follow @voicebotai Follow @erichschwartz
Google Maps New Voice Cues Help Visually Impaired Keep to Path
Google Assistant Adds New International Voice Options
Google Assistant is Now Only a Phone Call Away in India
Google AssistantNews
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Eric Hal Schwartz is a Staff Writer and Podcast Producer for Voicebot.AI. Eric has been a professional writer and editor for more than a dozen years, specializing in the stories of how science and technology intersect with business and society. Eric is based in New York City.
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Google Assistant to Add 'Hotword Sensitivity' to Limit Accidental Awakenings: Report


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Read Next 'Some Kind of Heaven' Review: The Seniors Aren't Alright
Home Music Latin Music
May 8, 2020 12:50AM ET
Hear Cher Cover ABBA's 'Chiquitita' for First-Ever Spanish Language Single
Much like ABBA did with the the song in 1979, Cher is pledging proceeds from the single to UNICEF
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Cher will donate the proceeds from her cover of the ABBA hit "Chiquitita" to UNICEF, much like the band did in 1979 when they released it.
Jordan Strauss/January Images/Sh
Cher is supporting the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) with her first-ever Spanish-language single, a cover of ABBA's "Chiquitita." She has simultaneously released an English-language version as well.
In the new cover, she huskily sings the song's lyrics of encouragement for a forlorn friend over its winding acoustic guitar melody. A video for the song will debut during UNICEF's COVID-19 Virtual Special on Saturday.
Cher covered the English-language version of "Chiquitita" for her 2018 ABBA tribute album Dancing Queen. She began rehearsing the Spanish-language version late last year. "When everything changed in the world I wanted to help," she said in a statement. "This seemed like the right time to complete it. I've long admired UNICEF, especially their work educating young women. The actress Audrey Hepburn was a hero of mine and I was so proud when she became their first Goodwill Ambassador in 1988. Now, more than ever, it's critical that we prioritize every child around the world as if they were our own."
Proceeds from Cher's cover of the ABBA classic will be donated to UNICEF, much like ABBA's original version. The Swedish quartet performed the song at a UNICEF event in 1979 and donated half of their royalties to the fund until 2014, when all members of the band agreed to donate 100 percent of royalties to UNICEF. Cher has also pledged $1 million through her just-formed CherCares Pandemic Resource and Response Initiative, which will distribute the money to various charities that will support the "chronically neglected and forgotten" who are suffering the most from the pandemic.
Cher has had an ABBA-filled few years, beginning with her cameo in the 2018 film Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again where she sang "Fernando" and "Super Trouper." She released Dancing Queen that fall and embarked on the worldwide Here We Go Again tour in support of the LP, which was her first worldwide tour since 2002's Living Proof: The Farewell Tour. Her spring tour dates have been tentatively postponed until this fall due to the pandemic.
In This Article: Abba,	Cher


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How Department of Petroleum Resources Illegally Awarded Oil Mining Lease to Halkin Oil, Despite Buhari's Directive –Senate Findings
Sahara Reporters, New York
The public hearing followed a petition brought before the Senate dated the 5th October 2021, by Sir Daniel Chukwudozie, on behalf of Hardy Oil Nigeria Limited (HONL), against the DPR, for alleged breach of trust, corruption and illegal revocation of OML 46 and re-awarding same to Halkin Exploration and Production Company Limited, in breach of due process.
The Nigerian Senate is investigating how OML 46 was illegally awarded to Halkin Exploration and Production Company Limited, by the defunct Department of Petroleum Resources (DPR), in contravention of the presidential directive.
The Senate Committee on Ethics, Privileges and Public Petitions, while interfacing with the groups involved at a public hearing on Tuesday, 22nd March 2022, was informed that, after the revocation of the oil field, the presidency intervened, considered the numerous petitions from the various marginal owners and directed that the fields be rewarded on a discretionary basis with preference to the previous owners, including the Atala Oil Field.
During the public hearing which was the third in the series, the representative of Hardy Oil, Barr. Ike Onwuchuluba, adopted its presentation dated 24th September 2021, in addition to the annexed documents that the company submitted to the Committee.
He submitted that the subject matter of the petition bordered on the OML46 - Atala Marginal Oil Field and the improper way and manner the field that was formerly managed by the trio of Bayelsa Oil Company Limited (BOCL), Hardy Oil Nigeria Limited and Century Exploration and Production (CEPL), was revoked and handed over to a company in very shady and fraudulent circumstances, ipso facto.
He noted that Halkin Exploration and Production Limited invested $60,000,000 ($60 million) in the Atala Marginal Field and executed a Farm-In Agreement with BOCL.
Debunking the allegation that there was an investment of $60 million and acquisition of 41 percent shares of BOCL by Halkin Exploration and Production Company Limited, Hardy Oil Nigeria Limited said: "The allocation of the field to Halkin Exploration and Production Company Limited was done and secured under fraudulent misrepresentation made by Halkin."
Onwuchuluba also told the Senate that the award, which was predicated on two reasons by the defunct DPR was false, adding that Halkin Exploration and Production Company Limited was an unknown entity to the former Atala Marginal Field owners.
"They did not invest any $60m in the field, did not execute any Farm-in Agreement with BOCL and that Halkin Exploration and Production Company Limited secured OML 46 under false pretence/misrepresentation," he added.
He also informed the Committee that the man who presented himself as the Managing Director (MD) of Halkin Exploration and Production Company Limited was the immediate past MD of Bayelsa Oil Company Limited as at the time the field was given to Halkin and stands conflicted by holding such dual positions.
"Which means that he was on one leg the MD of BOCL and on another leg the MD of Hakin. So, it is not impossible that he may have used his position as the MD of BOCL to alter documents to the benefit of Halkin. And that the failure of DPR to verify the claims of Halkin from the Atala JV Partners was in breach of the principle of a fair hearing," he submitted.
While emphasising that the re-awarding of OML46 was under false pretence and to an unknown entity, Ike Onwuchuluba called the attention of the Senate to the fact that the Atala Marginal Field was developed between 2014 to 2018 by the trio of BOCL, Hardy Oil Nigeria Limited and Century Exploration and Production Ltd whereas Halkin Exploration and Production Company Limited which claimed to have invested $60m in the Atala Marginal Oil Field, was incorporated sometime on the 29th September 2019, long after the field has been developed by the parties.
He further reminded the Committee that, as the original owner of the Oil field, the trio of BOCL, Hardy Oil Nigeria Limited and Century Exploration and Production Ltd have been producing and paying royalties to the account of the federal government of Nigeria and that as at the time the field was purportedly revoked, the JV-partners have an outstanding 20,700 barrels of crude on the site.
He, therefore, requested that the Senate should look into the matter and urge Nigeria Upstream Petroleum Regulatory Commission (NUPRC) to immediately reinstate Atala Marginal Oil Field OML 46 to the joint venture that owns the Oil field.
In its submissions in support, the Managing Director of Bayelsa Oil Company Limited, Mr. Bello Akpoku stated that:-
"We have availed the Committee with the Memo written to the Honorable Minister of Petroleum Resources, whereby the defunct Department of Petroleum Resources (DPR) stated that the field was allocated to Halkin Exploration and Production Company Limited for two principal reasons namely; that Halkin Exploration and Production Company Limited claimed to have invested $60m to the Atala Marginal Oil Field and second was the alleged acquisition of 41% share of Bayelsa Oil Company Limited shares in the Atala Marginal Oil Field".
He maintained that "BOCL owned 51% in the Atala Marginal Field and Halkin Exploration and Production Company Limited claim to have acquired 41% of the 51% share thereby making it the largest partner owner of the field is false".
When he was called to react to the allegations made against him and his company, the MD of Halkin Exploration and Production Company Limited, Mr. Charles Dorgu, who could not put up a defence, claimed to be sick and urged the Committee to give him two weeks extension to come up with his defence to the weighty allegations.
The visibly infuriated Senate Committee, on its part, called on the Nigeria Upstream Petroleum Regulatory Commission (NUPRC) to interface with the groups involved and look into the matter critically and report back to them in two weeks.
The lawmakers also frowned at the refusal of Mr. Dorgu to honour their invitations for two consecutive times previously and how he made some fruitless efforts to stop the Committee from hearing the petition by resorting to litigation against the National Assembly.
The Chairman of the Committee, Senator Ayo Akinyelure, thereafter directed the MD of Halkin to provide documented evidence of how the shares were acquired and evidence of the $60million investment, if actually such were made in its submissions to NUPRC.
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BREAKING: Rivers Government-Funded N3.9Billion University Of Port Harcourt Arena Under Construction Collapses, Injures Two


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PezCycling News - What's Cool In Road Cycling : La VUELTA'19 Stage 14: Bennett Beats Battered Bunch!
La VUELTA'19 Stage 14: Bennett Beats Battered Bunch!
Vuelta Stage Report: Bora-Hansgrohe's Sam Bennett won the Vuelta'19 stage 14 in a crash marred final. The Irishman was by far the fastest in the slightly up-hill sprint-finish on Oviedo. Maximiliano Richeze (Deceuninck - Quick-Step) was second ahead of Tosh van der Sande (Lotto Soudal) in third. A big crash in the last kilometre finished the stage early for many riders, including Alejandro Valverde and Tadej Pogacar. Everyone eventually crossed the line, except Luka Mezgec.
A big crash ruined the final of stage 14 - But Sam Bennett probably would have won
Stage 14 Route with Joaquim Rodríguez - San Vicente de la Barquera > Oviedo 188 km:
A flat stage along Spain's northern coastline towards Gijon. The final climb up to the Alto de la Madera will provide the gateway to the finish in Oviedo. The sprinters will set their teams to work on controlling the stage, trying to stop any breakaway from crossing the line first.
The 163 remaining riders left from San Vincente de la Banquera to cover the fairly easy 188 kilometres to Oviedo. Immediately after the official start, six riders escaped. Harm Vanhoucke, Silvan Dillier, Luka Pibernik, Stéphane Rossetto, Salvatore Puccio and Diego Rubio were not chased by the peloton.
Irish champion Sam Bennett at the start and looking forward to a sprint finish
The peloton on the bridge out of San Vicente de la Barquera
Sprinter teams took control
The break built up a 6 minute lead within 12 kilometres. Bora-Hansgrohe and Deceuninck - Quick-Step took command of the peloton, reducing the lead quickly.
Cantabria is a very nice part of northern Spain - A favourite for PEZman Al Hamilton
Deceuninck - Quick-Step were working for their fast finisher; Fabio Jakobsen
Rossetto quits
Until the six leaders were caught they had to make do with a lead of around 2 minutes. With such a small lead, Rossetto saw no chances for a stage win, and so the Frenchman sat up with 70 kilometres to go.
The break of the day to Oviedo: Salvatore Puccio, Harm Vanhoucke, Silvan Dillier, Dylan Teuns, Stéphane Rossetto, Diego Rubio Hernandez
The leading group persisted for a very long time. On the Alto La Madera the five successfully defended a lead of 50 seconds, and entered the final 20 kilometres still with this lead in hand.
The escape was held to around 2 minutes
In the peloton all the sprinters held their ground on the Cat 3 climb. Fabio Jakobsen was close to the front, while Sam Bennett tucked himself in further back. When the climb was over, the sprinter teams were able to fully open the throttle, after which the hunt for the escape group was really on.
Tony Martin led the peloton for a long time, but eventually the sprinter's team took over
Second by second, the four front riders were shut down, Rubio had already dropped out. With 5 kilometres to go, the curtain came down for the other four riders and the spectators in Oviedo could look forward to a bunch sprint.
Another Slovenian on la Vuelta - Luka Pibernik of Bahrain-Merida was in the break
Bora-Hansgrohe took the initiative for Bennett in the last 3 kilometres. Deceuninck - Quick-Step benefited from the work of the German WorldTour team. Jakobsen's team came through in the last kilometre. At that moment a major crash took place in the middle of the peloton. The crash meant the end of la Vuelta for Luka Mezgec, who came down hard.
Another stage win for the Irish champion - Sam Bennett
Bennett wins easily
Twenty riders continued to fight it out at the front and compete for the stage victory. Van der Sande was the first to go on the uphill closing meters, after which Jakobsen had to pass. When Bennett started his sprint at 250 meters from the finish, it became clear that he would win. Only Richeze was able to stay close to the winning Irishman.
Vuelta'19 stage win No.2
Stage winner, Sam Bennett (Bora-Hansgrohe): "The crash didn't impact the way I sprinted. I heard it but it was behind me. Quick-Step and UAE Team Emirates were well organised for the sprint so I followed them. When I crossed the line I thought the break might still be away. I was afraid to celebrate for second, it would have been ridiculous. I only knew I had won once my mechanics told me. I feel relieved like I felt after my first win. You have to wait so long before you get another sprint. I was feeling useless for the past eleven days so when a sprint comes, you have to perform. It was the same level of pressure and I'm delighted."
The final K
Vuelta a España Stage 14 Result:
1. Sam Bennett (Irl) Bora-Hansgrohe at 4:28:46
2. Maximiliano Richeze (Arg) Deceuninck - Quick-Step
3. Tosh Van der Sande (Bel) Lotto Soudal at 0:02
4. Marc Sarreau (Fra) Groupama-FDJ at 0:05
5. Clément Venturini (Fra) AG2R-La Mondiale
6. Marc Soler (Spa) Movistar
7. Jonas Koch (Ger) CCC
8. John Degenkolb (Ger) Trek-Segafredo
9. Max Walscheid (Ger) Sunweb
10. Szymon Sajnok (Pol) CCC
11. Edvald Boasson Hagen (Nor) Dimension Data
12. Zdenek Stybar (Cze) Deceuninck - Quick-Step at 0:18
13. Ruben Guerreiro (Por) Katusha-Alpecin
14. Fernando Gaviria (Col) UAE Team Emirates at 0:20
15. Edward Theuns (Bel) Trek-Segafredo at 0:24
16. Jetse Bol (Ned) Burgos-BH
17. Vasil Kiryienka (Blr) Ineos
18. Miguel Angel Lopez (Col) Astana
19. Dorian Godon (Fra) AG2R-La Mondiale
20. Sergio Andres Higuita Garcia (Col) EF Education First at 0:33
21. Fabio Jakobsen (Ned) Deceuninck - Quick-Step
22. Ion Izagirre Insausti (Spa) Astana
23. Mikel Nieve (Spa) Mitchelton-Scott at 0:35
24. Nikias Arndt (Ger) Sunweb at 0:38
25. Hermann Pernsteiner (Aut) Bahrain-Merida at 0:43.
Vuelta a España Overall After Stage 14:
1. Primož Roglič (Slo) Jumbo-Visma in 53:49:19
2. Alejandro Valverde (Spa) Movistar at 2:25
3. Tadej Pogačar (Slo) UAE Team Emirates at 3:01
4. Miguel Ángel López (Col) Astana at 3:37
5. Nairo Quintana (Col) Movistar at 5:21
6. Rafał Majka (Pol) Bora-Hansgrohe at 7:02
7. Nicolas Edet (Fra) Cofidis at 8:12
8. Carl Fredrik Hagen (Nor) Lotto Soudal at 9:25
9. Wilco Kelderman (Ned) Sunweb at 10:31
10. Dylan Teuns (Bel) Bahrain-Merida at 9:58
11. Hermann Pernsteiner (Aut) Bahrain-Merida at 10:03
12. Mikel Nieve (Spa) Mitchelton-Scott at 11:30
13. Sergio Andres Higuita Garcia (Col) EF Education First at 11:52
14. George Bennett (NZ) Jumbo-Visma at 13:40
15. Esteban Chaves (Col) Mitchelton-Scott at 14:25
16. Ion Izagirre Insausti (Spa) Astana at 14:51
17. Marc Soler (Spa) Movistar at 15:27
18. James Knox (GB) Deceuninck - Quick-Step at 16:46
19. Ruben Guerreiro (Por) Katusha-Alpecin at 18:13
20. Jakob Fuglsang (Den) Astana at 19:13
21. Kilian Frankiny (Swi) Groupama-FDJ	0:20:41
22. Robert Gesink (Ned) Jumbo-Visma at 26:22
23. Pierre Latour (Fra) AG2R-La Mondiale at 30:10
24. Peter Stetina (USA) Trek-Segafredo at 33:09
25. François Bidard (Fra) AG2R-La Mondiale at 34:32.


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Q: Compute $ \sum\limits_{k=0}^{m}(-1)^k {n \choose k} {n \choose m-k}$ and $\sum\limits_{A,B\subseteq X} |A\cup B|$ for some given finite set $X$ I've got a problem with deducing closed-form expressions for sums:
$1) \ \sum_{k=0}^{m}(-1)^k {n \choose k} {n \choose m-k}$
$2) \ \sum_{A,B\subseteq X} |A\cup B|$ where $|X|=n$
Can anyone help me?
In 1) I have no idea. I can use identity $\sum_{i=0}^{k} {n \choose i} {m \choose k-i}= {n+m \choose k}$ but I don't know if it will be useful.
In 2) I was thinking about this way: $\sum_{A,B\subseteq X} |A\cup B|=\sum_{i=0}^{n} {n \choose i}\cdot i \cdot 2^i$. Explanation: firstly I choose subset with $i$ elements. I can do this in ${ n\choose i} $ ways. It's cardinality equals $i$ and secondly I choose $2^i$ subsets of choosen subset. But it gives a wrong answer even for $n=1$.. Moreover it's still not closed-form expression..

A: Here is a systematic way to solve 2) and many other questions of the same flavor.

Principle 1: For every $E\subseteq X$, replace $\color{green}{|E|}$ by $\color{green}{\sum\limits_{x\in X}[x\in E]}$.

Here, one considers
$$
\color{red}{S_X=\sum_{A\subseteq X}\sum_{B\subseteq X}|A\cup B|},
$$
and Principle 1 yields
$$
S_X=\sum_{A\subseteq X}\sum_{B\subseteq X}\sum_{x\in X}[x\in A\cup B].
$$

Principle 2: Try to change the order of the summations in multiple summations, that is, replace each $\color{green}{\sum\limits_\alpha\sum\limits_\beta}$ by $\color{green}{\sum\limits_\beta\sum\limits_\alpha}$.

Here, Principle 2 yields
$$
S_X=\sum_{x\in X}s_x,\qquad\text{with}\quad s_x=\sum_{A\subseteq X}\sum_{B\subseteq X}[x\in A\cup B].
$$
Now, $[x\in A\cap B]=[x\in A]+[x\in B]-[x\in A]\cdot[x\in B]$, hence $s_x=2t_x-r_x$ with
$$
t_x=\sum_{A\subseteq X}[x\in A]\cdot\sum_{B\subseteq X}1=u_x\cdot v_x,
$$
and
$$
r_x=\sum_{A\subseteq X}[x\in A]\cdot\sum_{B\subseteq X}[x\in B]=(u_x)^2,
$$
with
$$
u_x=\sum_{A\subseteq X}[x\in A],\qquad v_x=\sum_{A\subseteq X}1.
$$
Since $v_x$ enumerates the subsets of $X$, and $|X|=n$, one gets $v_x=2^n$ for every $x$. Since $u_x$ enumerates the subsets of $X$ which contain $x$, the collection of these is in bijection with the collection of subsets of $X\setminus\{x\}$, and $|X\setminus\{x\}|=n-1$, one gets $u_x=2^{n-1}$ for every $x$.
Thus, $t_x=2^{2n-1}$, $r_x=2^{2n-2}$ and $s_x=3\cdot2^{2n-2}$ for every $x$, and
$$
\color{red}{S_X=n\cdot3\cdot4^{n-1}}.
$$

A: $1)$ Let
$$
f(x)=(1-x)^n=\sum_{k=0}^n(-1)^k\binom{n}{k}x^k\tag{1}
$$
and
$$g(x)=(1+x)^n=\sum_{k=0}^n\binom{n}{k}x^k\tag{2}
$$
then
$$
\begin{align}
f(x)g(x)=(1-x^2)^n&=\sum_{k=0}^n(-1)^k\binom{n}{k}x^{2k}\tag{3}\\
                 &=\sum_{m=0}^n\left(\sum_{k=0}^{m}(-1)^k {n \choose k} {n \choose m-k}\right)x^m\tag{4}
\end{align}
$$
where $(3)$ is simply the binomial expansion for $(1-x^2)^n$ and $(4)$ is achieved by multiplying the series in $(1)$ and $(2)$. Equating the coefficients of the powers of $x$, we get
$$
\sum_{k=0}^{m}(-1)^k {n \choose k} {n \choose m-k}=\left\{\begin{array}{}(-1)^{m/2}\binom{n}{m/2}&\text{when }m\text{ is even}\\0&\text{when }m\text{ is odd}\end{array}\right.
$$

$2)$ Let $X_n=\{1,2,3,\dots,n\}$. Note that every configuration of $A\cup B$ with $A,B\subset X_{n+1}$ can be enumerated by one of
$$
\begin{array}{ll}
(A\cap X_n)\cup(B\cap X_n)&\text{ where }n+1\not\in A\cup B\\
(A\cap X_n)\cup(B\cap X_n)\cup\{n+1\}&\text{ where }n+1\in A\setminus B\\
(A\cap X_n)\cup(B\cap X_n)\cup\{n+1\}&\text{ where }n+1\in B\setminus A\\
(A\cap X_n)\cup(B\cap X_n)\cup\{n+1\}&\text{ where }n+1\in A\cap B\tag{5}
\end{array}
$$
If we let $a_n=\sum\limits_{A,B\subseteq X_n} |A\cup B|$, then using the breakdown in $(5)$, there are $2^n$ choices for $A$ and $2^n$ choices for $B$ for each addtional $\{n+1\}$. Thus, we get the recursion
$$
\begin{array}{rl}
a_0&=0\\
a_{n+1}&=4a_n+3\cdot4^n\tag{6}
\end{array}
$$
Let $a_n=4^nb_n$ and $(6)$ becomes
$$
b_{n+1}=b_n+\frac34\tag{7}
$$
Thus, the solution for $(6)$ and $(7)$ is $a_n=4^nb_n=4^n\cdot \frac34n$. Therefore,
$$
\sum_{A,B\subseteq X_n} |A\cup B|=3n\,4^{n-1}\tag{8}
$$

A: For the first example. Notice that it is a Cauchy product for sequences $a_k = (-1)^k \binom{n}{k}$ and $b_k = \binom{n}{k}$. Generating functions for $a$ and $b$ are $(1-x)^n$ and $(1+x)^n$ respectively. Therefore, for $0\leqslant m \leqslant 2n$:
$$
   \sum_{k=0}^{m}(-1)^k {n \choose k} {n \choose m-k} = [x]^m (1-x)^n (1+x)^n = [x]^m (1-x^2)^n = \left\{ \begin{array}{cl} (-1)^{m/2} \binom{n}{m/2} &  m \bmod 2 =0 \\ 0 & m \bmod 2 =1  \end{array} \right.
$$
If $m>2n$, the sum is zero.
For the second one, let $p$, $q$ and $r$ be sizes of disjoint sets $A \cap B^c$, $B \cap A^c$ and $A \cap B$ respectively. Then $p,q,r \geqslant 0$ and $p+q+r \leqslant n$. We first choose $p+q+r$ elements out of $n$, and then split it into 3 groups:
$$ \begin{eqnarray}
   \sum_{A,B \subseteq X} | A \cup B | &=& \sum_{p=0}^n \sum_{q=0}^n \sum_{r=0}^n [ p+q+r \leqslant n] (p+q+r) \binom{n}{p+q+r} \binom{p+q+r}{p,q,r} \\ &=&  \sum_{p=0}^n \sum_{q=0}^{n-p} \sum_{r=0}^{n-p-r} \frac{n! (p+q+r)}{(n-p-q-r)!p! q! r!} \\ &\stackrel{\text{multinomial}}{=}& \left. \left( x \frac{ \partial}{\partial x} + y \frac{\partial}{\partial y} + z \frac{\partial}{\partial z} \right) (1+x+y+z)^n \right|_{x=1,y=1,z=1} \\ &=& 3 \cdot n \cdot 4^{n-1}
\end{eqnarray}
$$

A: An alternative view of the first problem:
$\binom{n}{k} \binom{n}{m-k}$ counts the number of ways to put a total of $k$ red marks and $m-k$ blue marks on $n$ squares, where a square can get marked more than once.  Consider the operation $\phi$ which takes the first square which has exactly one mark and switches that marked color.  This operation is an involution (applying it twice returns you to the same marking) and changes the parity of $k$.  So each coloring $C$ where this is defined cancels out with $\phi(C)$.  The only non-cancelling colorings are those where $\phi$ does nothing.  This can only happen if $m$ is even, $k=m/2$, and there are $m/2$ squares marked twice.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Here I am, back again at the start of the fourth semester (or first semester of my second year as a PhD student and well, I'm nonplussed.
It's been about three weeks since I finished last semester. and though I made sure to take that three-week break as a three-week break and do little to engage with my program and allow myself to reboot, I'm not sure I'm as recharged as I would like. I guess I would call it a bit of a malaise that I find myself in that is in part generated from me and in part from the program. The part that is from me comes from a mixture of things.
So while I have certainly taken a break during this time, that doesn't necessarily mean I have stopped from engaging in intellectual work or contemplation--I don't know that I'm capable of that since, learning, thinking, and reflecting are things that I am largely attached to as a central piece of my identity. However, sometimes, what I am learning and reflecting on can have a strong emotional impact on me and throw me into a bit of (get ready for it...we all know this is coming), existential crisis. In this instance, I had the pleasure of reading Noam Chomsky's Who Rules the World followed by Michelle Alexander's The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness. Both of which looks at the large systems of injustice (one of Western hegemony and the other of white American dominance) and ask how did we get here and what are the elements that contribute to it. Both are complex and nuanced and largely reveal systematic thinking and structures that perpetually reproduce injustice and dehumanization. So those have been fun to consider as a white middle-class male in a country whose external and internal history has been active participants in such perpetuations of injustices.
But that only gets more problematically compacted when I start to read and thinking about higher education in a global context (the morning course I am taking this summer session) to see how globalization and in particular, globalization of higher education has the potential to contribute to that and make things even more problematic. Is higher education as an extension of largely Western (or Northern) dominance in which we push ways of knowing, culture, and our own legitimate ways of training people onto other countries (by directly setting up campuses there, holding people from their countries in disregard given their non-Western (or non-Northern) credentials? For instance, if one has a PhD in literature from the University of New Delhi and have published many articles in Hindi publications (which may have as much readership as those in English), but few in English, that professor's status is devalued because he or she has not published in English or--maybe has not relied enough on English-produced research in his/her works. Therefore, for me, this idea of spreading Western (or Northern) higher education directly or indirectly seems problematic, which raises the question, how am I contributing to this as an agent of higher education? Are there steps to counter it or to de-establish in what ways Western/Northern privilege contributes to it?
That's the morning course--thinking about what higher education means in an increasingly globalized (a loaded term on its own) world. But then there's the afternoon course which is about the impact of college on students. Here, the problems unfold in two ways. One is that the text we are using mostly for this first week is fifteen years old and focused on student development n the 1990s. Basically, it's a mega meta-analyses of thousands of students on a population that has no relevant to my work today. The mention of online courses or the use of technology is nonexistent and the course in this capacity feels like an utter waste of time and a disappointment. While the text we are using is a famous text and there is relevant lessons to take about approach and such, it feels like we're assigned a section of the Encyclopedia Britannica from 1995 to study and consider how that information informs our present. Sure some of it may be relevant, but large gaps are likely to exist and make whatever we do take from it highly fragile and doubtful.
Thus there is a sense of waste but that is only steepened by actually reading the text. After all, the text is supposed to be a key book in the field of student development and so much of the information is vague, insignificant (even when it is "significant"), and generalized to be of any use. "Study X shows that students who's name ends in W may be significantly impacted by sunny days so long as they occur in the spring and students sit in buildings that have an eastwardly-facing window. However, this study was limited to one institution based on the West coast." Yeah--that's what I'm talking about.
So the knowledge itself is highly contextual, limited, inconclusive, and outdated, which I totally get, but here is where it all starts to come together problematically. We're studying things that are increasingly irrelevant, coupled by recognizing that the work we are doing has the potential to be problematic in the ways it includes and excludes different peoples and groups, while also privileged because of where we are doing our work. Most, if not all of us, see ourselves as agents of change (after all, one usually finds himself/herself in higher education because they want to participate in the life-changing process we assume it all to be), not necessarily agents of systematic perpetually reinforcing inequalities and injustice. Yet even if we are able to do some modicum of research are we likely to become another research study compiled into a book that shows how limited and eventually irrelevant our research is?
In doing so and knowing that this is our ultimate fate, compromise our character? If I know that I'm not likely to be able to change the system because of how massively structured it is around ideologies the perpetuate inequity, privilege, and injustice and I know the work that I do as a scholar or as a practitioner largely perpetuates this or is minimalized or marginalized, what does my desire or willingness to continue to move forward say? In some ways, it could be construed as my privilege to know its likely meaninglessness and still go forward because it will still advance my personal life (already a position of privilege). In other ways, moving forward could be seen as a site of resistance to and that no matter that I may not have an impact, fighting the fight is still important. (Of course, interrogating that response would also raise the question of privilege to do that; after all, tilting at windmills is something one can choose to do as a pursuit).
And if you're wondering about the emphasis on the futility of it all, that derives much from Chomsky and Alexander; particularly Alexander who shows how systematically and subtle we have culturally shifted our focus away from racial inequality and created a blindspot to how we responded to the equality in the post-Civil Rights era. Of the two books, that one is the must-must read.
So yes, there is a where my current existential malaise finds me. Trying to sort out the big things to understand how they work on the small things. I certainly don't have answers and am not sure what going forward looks like, but that's where I find myself on the first day of year two.


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text:
def main():
    '''
    ansible oc module for secrets
    '''

    module = AnsibleModule(
        argument_spec=dict(
            kubeconfig=dict(default='/etc/origin/master/admin.kubeconfig', type='str'),
            state=dict(default='present', type='str',
                       choices=['present', 'absent', 'list']),
            debug=dict(default=False, type='bool'),
            namespace=dict(default='default', type='str'),
            name=dict(default=None, type='str'),
            files=dict(default=None, type='list'),
            delete_after=dict(default=False, type='bool'),
            contents=dict(default=None, type='list'),
            content_type=dict(default='raw', choices=['yaml', 'json', 'raw'], type='str'),
            force=dict(default=False, type='bool'),
            decode=dict(default=False, type='bool'),
        ),
        mutually_exclusive=[["contents", "files"]],

        supports_check_mode=True,
    )
    occmd = Secret(module.params['namespace'],
                   module.params['name'],
                   module.params['decode'],
                   kubeconfig=module.params['kubeconfig'],
                   verbose=module.params['debug'])

    state = module.params['state']

    api_rval = occmd.get()

    #####
    # Get
    #####
    if state == 'list':
        module.exit_json(changed=False, results=api_rval, state="list")

    if not module.params['name']:
        module.fail_json(msg='Please specify a name when state is absent|present.')
    ########
    # Delete
    ########
    if state == 'absent':
        if not Utils.exists(api_rval['results'], module.params['name']):
            module.exit_json(changed=False, state="absent")

        if module.check_mode:
            module.exit_json(changed=False, msg='Would have performed a delete.')

        api_rval = occmd.delete()
        module.exit_json(changed=True, results=api_rval, state="absent")

    if state == 'present':
        if module.params['files']:
            files = module.params['files']
        elif module.params['contents']:
            files = Utils.create_files_from_contents(module.params['contents'])
        else:
            module.fail_json(msg='Either specify files or contents.')

        ########
        # Create
        ########
        if not Utils.exists(api_rval['results'], module.params['name']):

            if module.check_mode:
                module.exit_json(changed=False, msg='Would have performed a create.')

            api_rval = occmd.create(module.params['files'], module.params['contents'])

            # Remove files
            if files and module.params['delete_after']:
                Utils.cleanup([ftmp['path'] for ftmp in files])

            if api_rval['returncode'] != 0:
                module.fail_json(msg=api_rval)

            module.exit_json(changed=True, results=api_rval, state="present")

        ########
        # Update
        ########
        secret = occmd.prep_secret(module.params['files'], module.params['contents'])

        if secret['returncode'] != 0:
            module.fail_json(msg=secret)

        if Utils.check_def_equal(secret['results'], api_rval['results'][0]):

            # Remove files
            if files and module.params['delete_after']:
                Utils.cleanup([ftmp['path'] for ftmp in files])

            module.exit_json(changed=False, results=secret['results'], state="present")

        if module.check_mode:
            module.exit_json(changed=False, msg='Would have performed an update.')

        api_rval = occmd.update(files, force=module.params['force'])

        # Remove files
        if secret and module.params['delete_after']:
            Utils.cleanup([ftmp['path'] for ftmp in files])

        if api_rval['returncode'] != 0:
            module.fail_json(msg=api_rval)

        module.exit_json(changed=True, results=api_rval, state="present")

    module.exit_json(failed=True,
                     changed=False,
                     results='Unknown state passed. %s' % state,
                     state="unknown")

# pylint: disable=redefined-builtin, unused-wildcard-import, wildcard-import, locally-disabled
# import module snippets.  This are required
from ansible.module_utils.basic import *

main()

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Murderous Maths The Secret of Sums Ages 9+ – Children Store Co.
Unlock the secret of sums and get ready to wow your friends and amaze your teachers with your awesome arithmetic skills. Tackle the terrible tables, master dastardly dividing, face up to fractions and more. It time to loose the calculator.


text:
Home - Program - Sessions - Beyond MOOCs: The Future of Learning on the Future Internet
Beyond MOOCs: The Future of Learning on the Future Internet
John Domingue - Knowledge Media Institute, The Open University, UK
Michael Boniface - IT Innovation, UK
Serge Fdida - University Pierre and Marie Curie, France
Spyros Denazis - University of Patras, Greece
Learning is a key human activity essential for personnel well-being and ensuring a good quality of life. Learning can take many forms from informal learning via online resources, workplace learning to update oneself on latest procedures or protocols to formal certified learning within established educational institutions. Learning is also an important concern when considered simply from a budgetary perspective. For example, in 2009 the EU budget on education was 6.2% of European GDP. Moreover, the education budget is currently being reduced in a number of EU regions, for example in Spain and Greece, which is an additional rationale for innovative solutions enabling the provisioning of cost-effective high quality learning. In this respect MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses) represent "…an extension of the move towards online learning provoked by growing numbers of students, reducing learning and teaching budgets…".
Over the last couple of years, great activity and interest has been associated with MOOCs as they threaten to radically transform higher education in a way the Internet has already transformed other sectors such as the music industry and broadcast TV. Since 2012, major players in higher education have been establishing MOOC companies, for example, from Stanford we have Coursera and Udacity, and from MIT, Harvard and Berkeley we have edX. In 2013 The Open University entered the market with FutureLearn a collaborative venture with around twenty universities and the British Library and British Museum. More recently, these academic institutions have now been joined by the big web players, for example, Google is now creating a 'YouTube for MOOCs'. These initiatives already are reaching millions of students (e.g. in March 2013 Coursera reported that they had 2.8M students) and have thus far attracted around $100M of investment. MOOCs provide an unprecedented opportunity to provide very high quality learning to all with little to no financial burden irrespective of geography. As the Time Magazine stated earlier this year (with an American bias) MOOCs may open the door to a global "Ivy League for the Masses". Current enthusiasm for MOOCs however, should be tempered with the fact that there remain open challenges associated with high drop out rates, the lack of a proven sustainable business model and issues associated with guaranteeing a high quality learning experience at scale.
New technologies are also affecting schools – in February this year Prof Sugata Mitra was awarded $1M from the TED organisation to continue his work on 'Cloud Schools'. This work began with 'Hole in the Wall' computers in Indian slums enabling impoverished children to learn by themselves (this idea later inspired the story behind the Oscar-winning film Slumdog Millionaire). Current work is focused around seven sites - five in India and two in the UK – where children from poor backgrounds will use secure Skype connections to speak to a "cloud" of retired professionals from a range of fields who have volunteered to share their expertise.
So what's next? And what will the relationship be between the next incarnations of Internet-based learning and the Future Internet?
Unpacking the above generates a number of follow on questions that we will discuss in the session.
Following from MOOCs what are the future learning paradigms now emerging or currently on the horizon (from a pedagogical, educational and business perspective)?
What are the personal, social and economic benefits that these new learning forms will bring to Europe?
What requirements do these new learning frameworks impose on the next generation Internet (from a network, services/cloud, media, security, mobile perspective)?
How will we meet these requirements? To what extent will our current Future Internet activities meet the requirements? Is there anything we need to initiate?
This session would address the above from a Future Internet perspective. In particular we will investigate the relationship between the future of learning and:
GENI – education is one of three strategic pillars for the US Internet experimentation facilities and supports a variety of ongoing learning projects.
Services and Cloud Computing – giving cheap and easy access to large computational resources for learning purposes.
NRENs – providing specialised high performance networking to support education on a national basis.
Based upon the projects that they lead the session organisers will cover the future of learning from Media (EXPERIMEDIA), Data and eBooks (EUCLID) and FIRE facilities (FORGE, OPENLAB and STEER) perspectives. We will also give a view of the future of learning from the viewpoint of the EIT ICT Labs KIC.
MOOCs have shown that Internet and Media technologies offer the possibility to radically change the education landscape and the start of Horizon 2020 provides a prime opportunity to start to explore the relationship between the future of learning and future internet technologies.
Introduction (organisers)
The organisers will give a brief overview of the rationale and aims for the session.
John Domingue Knowledge Media Institute, The Open University, UK Projects: FORGE
1 Introduction.pdf
MOOC platforms and the Future Internet
Rebecca will be talking about her experience with the UK-based FutureLearn platform for massive open online courses (MOOCs). FutureLearn ran its first course in September last year and now has more than a quarter of a million registered users. Rebecca will talk about the benefits that massive participation can offer to learners, educators and to society. She will also talk about the implications of MOOCs for the future of the internet.
Rebecca Ferguson Pedagogic Adviser, FutureLearn, UK
Future Internet RF v 2.0.pdf
Cloud Schools: transforming learning and lives in impoverished areas through Internet Technologies
School in the Cloud is a new and exciting way of learning. It has no classrooms but it has rooms, just like a cyber-café but only for kids. In School in the Cloud we believe that learning happens at edge of chaos. That is, if provided with amazing questions, encouragement and computers, children are able to teach each other anything they want. This presentation focuses on the vision of School in the Cloud and the future of learning.
Natalia Arredondo Newcastle University, UK Projects: The School in the Cloud
School in the Cloud Natalia Arredondo.pdf
Future Internet and the future of workplace learning
Learning is no longer an activity you do for a limited time in a specific place and setting: it's about your entire life's journey. It's the key to our success as individuals and to future prosperity for our societies. That is why ATOS and specially its Research and Innovation division (ARI) has a long tradition on joining efforts with Universities, research institutions and other enterprises to provide innovative solutions to Education.
This talk will focus on ATOS views related to the future of workplace learning having as starting point the analysis of the challenges arising in the deployment of MOOCs. It will present how new approaches combining of some specific learning practices like seamless learning and micro-learning can ensure future deployments of workplace learning as a continuous social learning in knowledge networks.
Carmen L. Padrón-Nápoles Senior Consultant, Atos Research and Innovation, Spain
20140313_FIA_Presentatio_clpn.pdf
Teaching the Internet over the Internet: lessons learnt and future scenarios from the Cisco Networking Academy
Cisco Systems developed as part of their academy programme a simulator for teaching networking in 2007/8. This discussion describes how this is used within the Open University as well as how the development of the multiuser tool may shape the future of teaching networking.
Andrew Smith Lecturer in Networking, The Open University Projects: FORGE
FutureInternetAssembly_A_Smith.pdf
The Future of Learning: an SME perspective
Epignosis' tools support community and personalized learning based on the principle of collective knowledge.
Dimitris Tsigos CEO and co-Founder of Epignosis, Greece and President of the European Confederation of Young Entrepreneurs
6 20140320_FIA_tsigos_Epignosis.pdf
Future Learning: an NRENs Perspective
Using her experiences accumulated from GRNET, Afrodite will outline how National Research and Education Networks (NRENs) support national education communities.
Dr. Afrodite Sevasti Chief Business Development Officer at GRNET & Senior Project Manager in GÉANT
07.Sevasti.pdf
What can GENI bring to learning?
The US NSF GENI Project has had its infrastructure developed and deployed on top of production class computing and networking infrastructure. Not only is this infrastructure tightly integrated into the campus infrastructure, but a subset of the developed technologies are entering production campus infrastructure via NSF efforts. This not only enables students to learn about the computing, networking, and software technologies, but its also enables a wider scope of students to experience future Internet via applications. We will discuss the approach we take to expand GENI for a wider range of applications, with a recent video streaming project example.
Kuang-Ching Wang Associate Professor, Clemson University, US
fia-wang-2014.pdf
In this section the speakers and organisers will form a panel to answer questions from the audience. We will focus around the questions listed above and place an emphasis on making this interactive.
Closing (organisers)
The organisers summarise the session and outline follow-up actions.
Closing.pdf
Thursday, 20 Mar
Session (parallel)
ViMa
John Domingue
Knowledge Media Institute, The Open University, UK
Pedagogic Adviser, FutureLearn, UK
Natalia Arredondo
Newcastle University, UK
Carmen L. Padrón-Nápoles
Senior Consultant, Atos Research and Innovation, Spain
Dimitris Tsigos
CEO and co-Founder of Epignosis, Greece and President of the European Confederation of Young Entrepreneurs
Dr. Afrodite Sevasti
Chief Business Development Officer at GRNET & Senior Project Manager in GÉANT
Kuang-Ching Wang
Associate Professor, Clemson University, US
Lecturer in Networking, The Open University


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(Curtis Compton/AJC)
Georgia junior safety J.R. Reed (left, in shades) poses for a selfie with a couple of Georgia fans during SEC Football Media Days last month. Reed has gone from being a little-known transfer to a bonafide star and leader on the Bulldogs' defense.
Own the East: UGA safety J.R. Reed says 'keep missing on me, that's fine'
GEORGIA'S OWN #14: DB J.R. REED
ATHENS – Perception and reality. There's always a gap between them. In the case of Georgia's J.R. Reed, the chasm was enormous.
When he abruptly committed to Georgia two summers ago as a transfer from Tulsa, everybody just assumed it was a ploy by the Bulldogs to help win over Reed's cousin, Deangelo Gibbs. Gibbs was a 5-star prospect at Grayson High School. Reed was a decent-enough prospect out of Prestonwood Christian in Frisco, Texas. But he'd played only sparingly with the Golden Hurricane, logging five tackles in 13 games.
Fast forward to 2018 and it is Reed, not his famous first cousin, who was representing Georgia at SEC Media Days. It is Reed's name you'll find on preseason all-conference teams and All-America watch lists. After starting all 15 games at strong safety for the SEC champion Bulldogs and making some of the biggest plays of the year in the secondary in 2017, Reed is a certified leader who is vying for captain status this season.
That nobody expected him to be in this position is all right with Reed. He likes to be doubted. Feeds off it, actually. It's his fuel.
"I've always had a chip on my shoulder," said Reed, whose father Jake Reed played 12 seasons in the NFL, mostly with the Minnesota Vikings. "I've been passed up since I was little. When you have a chip on your shoulder, it makes you play harder. If they keep missing on me, that's fine."
It's hard to miss Reed now. He's right in the middle of everything the Bulldogs are doing. Right now, he's one of just two players in Georgia's secondary with regular starting experience (junior corner Tyrique McGhee started two games last season).
As such, whether he wanted to or not, Reed has had to assume a leadership role. He has taken over for the graduated Dominick Sanders as the quarterback of the secondary. That carries with it a responsibility to make sure that the young guys know what they're doing.
That's a duty Reed is not about to run from.
"It's part of my role being a leader, being an older guy, to teach these younger guys," Reed said. "It's not a challenge. It's just something you've got to do."
Of course, leadership is something that can't just be bestowed on a player because he knows the defense or does what coaches tell him. To really earn the respect of teammates, one has to lead with their play on the field as well.
That's where Reed really distinguished himself last season. The Bulldogs knew they had a player in Reed because of what he had shown them during his redshirt year in 2016 and spring and preseason practices leading up to last season. As a result, Reed started the first game of the year.
But as the stakes rose throughout the season, Reed's play just kept rising with it. He led the Bulldogs with nine tackles and two QB hurries in their nationally-televised win over Notre Dame in South Bend in Week 2. He had a hand in two of the Bulldogs' four takeaways in a shutout of Tennessee. He was named SEC Defensive Player of the Week after a 5-tackle/1-sack performance against Florida that included a scoop-and-score. He had 11 tackles at Auburn and recorded eight stops against Oklahoma in the Rose Bowl.
Reed finished his first season playing with the Bulldogs second on the team in total tackles with 79, 1.5 sacks, 5 tackles for loss, a forced fumble, two fumble recoveries, five pass break-ups, two interceptions and 6 quarterback pressures.
"He is establishing himself as a player that can produce on the field," said defensive coordinator and secondary coach Mel Tucker. "He gives great effort; he does really well in the video room; takes good notes. He is very unselfish and helps other players. Character-wise, he is an impeccable guy. He has a really good pedigree, so he is another guy we are leaning on for leadership."
About this, Reed has to pinch himself sometimes. Though he has never wavered from the standpoint of inner-belief, going from scratching and clawing for scholarship offers to being one of the most established and respected leaders on a Top 5 team is quite a leap in a couple of years' time.
"It's just a great feeling," Reed said.
The irony is not lost on Reed, that it is him rather than his younger cousin from Georgia who is lapping up all this notoriety. Perhaps that's why he remains a bit measured and cryptic when the conversation turns to Gibbs.
"He's back on the team and he can't wait to play like the rest of us," Reed said of his cousin.
But if Gibbs is to indeed get on the field this field, it won't likely be at the strong safety position. No, Reed has that one covered, and he's one of reasons most believe Georgia will "own the East."
NEXT 3 questions for Georgia football to answer by the end of the second scrimmage
Own the East: For Georgia's Kirby Smart, building the Bulldogs is a minute-by-minute proposition
Own the East: After eventful summer, QB Jake Fromm still the man for Georgia Bulldogs
Own the East: Decision of CB Deandre Baker to return big for Georgia Bulldogs
Own the East: Georgia's Monty Rice loves the idea of succeeding Roquan Smith
Own the East: The presumption is that Georgia RB D'Andre Swift can live up to hype


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LIMITED ROOM TO MANOEUVRE AS MBOWENI FACES MAMMOTH TASK TO REVIVE SA ECONOMY
"Mboweni possesses the necessary integrity, skills set and experience which can generate confidence in the markets, among investors and generally in the business community," said Raymond Parsons, a professor at the North West University's School of Business and Governance.
Thursday 11 October, 2018 - 14:06
Nine years after leaving his post as governor of the South African Reserve Bank, Tito Mboweni is has been appointed as the nation's finance minister and faces the unenviable task of reviving an economy that's mired in recession. He'll have limited room to maneuver.
With government debt at already dangerously high levels and the country at risk of losing its sole remaining investment-grade credit rating from Moody's Investors Service, Mboweni will have little option but to stick to the National Treasury's expenditure ceilings and deficit-reduction targets. His ability to stimulate growth through increased spending or tax breaks will also be curtailed.
Mboweni, 59, succeeds Nhlanhla Nene, who was named finance chief by President Cyril Ramaphosa in February and resigned on Tuesday after lying about his meetings with three businessmen who were implicated in the looting of state funds. Nene's predecessor, Malusi Gigaba, had raised taxes and cut spending in the February budget, warning that the state's coffers were bare.
"This shouldn't really have much impact on the market or lead to any detrimental change to policy," Natalie Rivett, a senior emerging-markets analyst at Informa Global Markets, said by phone from London.
Mboweni, who went into exile during apartheid, trained as an economist and served for four years as labour minister in former President Nelson Mandela's cabinet after apartheid ended in 1994. He oversaw the implementation of a raft of new laws to protect worker rights - a regime that a number of analysts say has fueled a 27% unemployment rate.
Inflation targeting
During his decade-long tenure as central bank governor, Mboweni established a reputation as a monetary-policy conservative - he was a fierce defender of inflation targeting, which was introduced the year after he took office, and raised the repurchase rate to 13.5% in 2002 to control price growth and boost the rand.
After leaving the bank in 2009, Mboweni went into business, establishing his own investment company and serving on a number of company boards including as the chairperson of AngloGold Ashanti. He remained active in politics and was elected to the ruling African National Congress's decision-making national executive committee at a party congress in December.
"Mboweni possesses the necessary integrity, skills set and experience which can generate confidence in the markets, among investors and generally in the business community," said Raymond Parsons, a professor at the North West University's School of Business and Governance. His appointment "will help to ensure stability and consistency in policy direction," especially with the mid-term budget due to be released on October 24, he said.
While Mboweni is South Africa's fifth finance minister in less than three years, the financial markets welcomed his appointment and the rand erased losses and advanced as much as 1.4% against the dollar on Tuesday. Government bonds and banking stocks also gained. Nene's resignation came the week after he admitted to an anti-graft inquiry that he met members of the Gupta family at their home six times, contradicting statements in a 2016 interview that he only encountered them at public events. The three Gupta brothers, who are allies of former President Jacob Zuma, were implicated by the former anti-graft ombudsman in influencing government appointments and the award of state contracts - allegations they and Zuma deny.
Nene is not the only minister in Ramaphosa's cabinet over whom a cloud hangs. Gigaba and Bathabile Dlamini, who head the home affairs and women's affairs portfolios respectively, have been ruled to have perjured themselves in court cases.
The ANC forced Zuma to quit as president in February after almost nine years in office, clearing the way for his 65-year-old deputy and party leader Ramaphosa to take over. Ramaphosa has said combating graft is one of his top priorities, and he's replaced a number of other officials implicated in wrongdoing.
While Mboweni has a good reputation, doubts will continue to linger over Ramaphosa's ability to clean up after Zuma's scandal-marred tenure, according to Guillaume Tresca, a senior emerging markets strategist at Credit Agricole CIB from Montrouge, France.
"The Nene case shows how it is difficult for Ramaphosa to change the country," Tresca said. "Foreign investors, after a well-managed political transition, have been disappointed and the links between the Guptas and Nene shows it is difficult to erase the past."
This article was written by Mike Cohen and Colleen Goko, Bloomberg and first appeared on the fin24 website www.fin24.com
Photo courtesy http://cdn.24.co.za
Related organisation(s):
Fin24
Hlanganisa: Request for Proposals


Embrace your patriotic side this 4th of July at the 5K Freedom Fun Run in Litchfield, IL! All ages are welcome! If you cannot run, WALK! Pre-registration encouraged, see details below.
Registration forms can be found under the "Registration and Deadlines" heading below.
Starts at Picnic Area #3 at Lake Lou Yaeger in Litchfield, IL (3 Primitive Drive) and winds through the scenic lake area. Two water stops; course marshal at all intersections. The race will be electronically timed.
Friday, June 28, 9am—4pm, Tourism Office at City Hall, 120 E Ryder St.
-IMMEDIATELY at the top of S curve (Slow Children at Play Sign) TURN LEFT onto Roberson Road.
-Continue down park road to picnic area 3 (2nd picnic area you will see. Across from lake cabins) on Left.
Registration forms are found above listed under the "Registration and Deadlines" heading.


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Arrow season 3: Felicity could leave Oliver and join Ray Palmer's Atom team; is there hope for Olicity?
By Ruchinka Upadhyaya
Updated February 6, 2015 10:58 GMT
Oliver Queen and Felicity Smoak in Arrow season 3 Arrow/The CW
Oliver Queen made a triumphant return to Starling City in last week's episode titled Uprising. Although viewers were happy to see the Arrow return on the show, there was a bittersweet moment for Oliver and Felicity fans.
Oliver's first order of business, after his return to the city, was to join Malcolm Merlyn and learn how to defeat Ra's al Ghul, which doesn't get a vote of approval from Felicity.
Felicity disapproves of his plans, and she wanted Oliver to prioritize his relationship, especially after what happened in the midseason finale episode.
But Oliver seems to be more focused on fighting Ra's al Ghul, and becoming the superhero he is and he's ready to even teaming-up with Malcolm Merlyn, the man who killed the love of his life (Sara) and trained his little sister (Thea) to become a murderer.
Although Felicity loves Oliver, she is not willing to comply this time.
The conversation between Oliver and Felicity
Felicity tells Oliver, "When you were gone, for almost a month, I allowed myself to fantasize. To dream that maybe, just maybe, Merlyn was wrong. That you were alive, that you would come back."
"And that when you did, maybe you would be different. That almost dying would give you a new perspective in life. That you would do things differently."
Oliver intervenes, "Things between us, you mean?"
"Before you left, the last thing you said was that you loved me. Now you are back. And the first thing you tell me is you are working with the man, you turned your sister into a killer, who killed the women you loved," says Felicity.
"I don't want to be a woman that you love," Felicity adds and walks away from him.
Felicity and Ray Palmer
Arrow's Ray Palmer and Felicity are likely to crossover to The Flash in episode 18 Arrow/The CW
Although Ray Palmer's need to become a superhero is driven by the urge of avenging his dead wife, he proved to Felicity that he wants to keep all those he cares about safe, including her.
Now, Felicity has agreed to help him with his Atom suit and it looks like the IT genius could join Team Palmer.
There are rumours as well of an Atom spin-off series, and if it does get the go-ahead, viewers might get to see Felicity playing a major role alongside Palmer.
Also, there could be a crossover episode coming up, where Felicity and Ray Palmer will take a trip to Central City in The Flash episode 18, which is fittingly titled, All-Star Team-Up
According to reports, Palmer will be happy to be in Star Labs, and Cisco (Carlos Valdes) and Ray, will be new best friends. The Star Labs team could help Ray further his Atom project.
Here's a first look at Ray Palmer's Atom suit.
Get your first look at Brandon Routh in The Atom suit and see him on a NEW #Arrow tomorrow at 8/7c! The CW
Will Felicity leave Team Arrow and join Atom's crusade?
Arrow season 3 episode 12: Oliver returns to Starling City, Dark Archer origins revealed
The Flash: Grant Gustin teases filming time travel scenes with cosmic treadmill, theory on Harrison Wells' endgame
The Flash spoilers: Did Harrison Wells kill Barry's mother? Grant Gustin teases time travel when the series returns
Arrow Season 3 Spoilers: Oliver Jealous of Felicity-Ray Palmer Romance; Is There Hope For 'Olicity'?


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Q: APScheduler doesn't work with UWSGI I'm using Django 1.8 and APScheduler to run workers on certain intervals. It works perfectly with Django's development server (e.g. ./manage.py runserver) but when I setup the project with UWSGI and master=true, the UWSGI worker can't get any requests from Nginx and browser shows 504 Gateway Timed-out error after 1-2min loading.
When I change it to master=false everything is fine.
Here is my UWSGI config:
[uwsgi]
chdir             = /var/www/projectname/backend/projectname
module         = projectname.wsgi:application
wsgi-file        = /var/www/projectname/backend/projectname/projectname/wsgi.py
uid                = root
gid                = root
virtualenv     = /var/www/venv/
master          = false
processes    = 4
socket          = :8080
logto             = /var/www/projectname/log/uwsgi.log
env               = DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=projectname.settings
enable-threads = true

Please note that I'm using Django's AppConfig to run the scheduler once. Is there any problem with my UWSGI config or it's because of Django?

A: Consider uWSGI mules for your background tasks. The workers handle requests, the mules handle longer running stuff.


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Home Featured Jewish Learning AEPi Ottawa gets award for Israel advocacy
AEPi Ottawa gets award for Israel advocacy
Cara Stern
OTTAWA— The Ottawa chapter of the international Jewish fraternity Alpha Epsilon Pi (AEPi) was recognized at the organization's national convention last month for its efforts in Israel advocacy.
The chapter, known as the Nu Kappa chapter, created a pro-Israel exhibit last April that it set up in the atrium of Carleton University's University Centre. The display showed how Israel is using its security fence along its border with the West Bank.
The exhibit was a response to a number of Israel Apartheid Week events that took place at various campuses in Canada, particularly at McMaster University and the University of Toronto.
Although Israel Apartheid Week events weren't held at Carleton, it did have a Muslim Awareness Week, during which the Israeli-Palestinian conflict was discussed.
"It was a chance for [Jewish] students to have their say after the apartheid week," AEPi Ottawa president Jon Telch said of his chapter's pro-Israel exhibit. "The display was providing information about why Israel needs to defend itself in such a way from acts of terrorism."
Telch said that although there was some negative feedback from students, which he had expected, there was also a lot of positive feedback.
He said he hoped that students would learn from the display and continue to educate themselves about the various perspectives on the conflict.
"[The goal was] that people will go home and do their research and make sure that they know that there are two sides to every story," he said.
For the exhibit, AEPi International awarded the Nu Kappa chapter with the Philip H. And Susan Cohen Award for Jewish Communal Service.
Andrew Borans, executive director of AEPi International, said the Ottawa branch was recognized within the 140-chapter international fraternity for running a Jewish event for both students and the community at large.
"When a group wins, it's often for a combination of Jewish events. Some are religious, some are cultural, some are social," said Borans.
This is the first award the chapter has received since it started up in 2001.
"It was a big step for us, because we hadn't had that international recognition in such a way before," Telch said.
"It was nice to know that not only does your hard work get rewarded, but that people appreciate that sometimes stances are hard to take, and when you decide that you're going to volunteer to do such things, there are people there to support you."
Advocacy groups downplay Canadian Federation of Students' BDS motion
Canadian Federation of Students adopts BDS motion
JPPS, German students learn about Max Stern together


So far this year, it hasn't been a very good one for proper tax planning by investors, and it's doubtful if we will see any positive changes by the end of the year. China has been struggling with their economic slowdown and declining oil prices have hit us as well. Couple that with the US economy that is still floundering about because of inept policies from the current administration, and it's no wonder investment portfolios have been hammered.


Last Friday I had the pleasure of guest posting over at the lovely Food Loves Writing. Check out my rendition of Mark Bittman's recipe for arepas.
Yay! I made these a couple weeks back – they are delicious, no? We had ours with black beans inside the halves and I also enjoyed one or two with some greek yogurt (the closest thing to sour cream I had!) and salsa. Yum.
I don't know what those are, but they look delicious!
I cannot wait to make these!! I have a gluten allergy and am always looking for savory cake recipes that are gluten free…I think I found my new favorite.
I think I found my new favorite.
Can I simply just say what a relief to find a person that actually knows what they're talking about over the internet.