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China Could Deliver on Its Carbon Promise Earlier than Expected
China may put a stop to growing carbon dioxide emissions earlier than expected, but how quickly they start coming down is also important.
Mike Orcuttarchive page
In an agreement announced last week, China and the United States, which together account for some 45 percent of the globe's total carbon dioxide emissions, pledged to make significant efforts in the next 10 to 15 years to limit their CO2 emissions.
It's the first time China has publicly committed to halting the decades-long rise of its CO2 emissions. However, due to economic factors and policy shifts, China may be poised to achieve this goal even earlier than promised.
The U.S. pledged that by 2025 the amount of CO2 it emits annually would drop to 26 to 28 percent below its emission levels from 2005. China meanwhile promised that its annual CO2 emissions, which have increased by 257 percent since 1990, would stop rising by 2030 or earlier. China also pledged that 20 percent of its energy would come from sources other than fossil-fuels by 2030. That's up from around 8 percent in 2010.
As recently as 2010, when China's economy was still growing at more than 10 percent a year, it was unclear when its emissions might peak, says Valerie Karplus, a professor of global economics at MIT's Sloan School of Management, and director of the Tsinghua-MIT China Energy and Climate Project.
But economic growth has slowed (it was 7.7 percent in 2012), and in turn so has growth in demand for energy.
Also, this year China's government has already announced a plan to reduce air pollution by taxing and limiting coal use. Beyond that, carbon trading systems are now being tested in five cities and two provinces, and a national system is expected to come online in 2016.
In a recent modeling study that accounted for these new policies and assumed that China would accomplish ambitious near-term goals for expanding nuclear power and renewables, Karplus and collaborators at Tsinghua University in Beijing found that demand for coal could peak sometime between 2020 and 2025, and carbon emissions could level off sometime between 2025 and 2030.
But, says Karplus, there is still uncertainty over when China will begin actually reduce its emissions, and by how much. "It makes a big difference whether it peaks at 10 billion, 11 billion, or 15 billion metric tons of CO2," and whether or not the trajectory decreases rapidly after that peak, says Karplus.
The pact is "hugely important" for global climate change policy efforts because China has finally agreed to a target related to "turning its emissions down in absolute value," instead of just limiting the rate at which those emissions grow from year to year, says Michael Oppenheimer, a professor of geosciences and international affairs at Princeton University. The deal also has symbolic value, he says, since the world's top two emitters have effectively circumvented the reigning geopolitical gridlock over international climate policy.
by Mike Orcutt


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Ken the Fireman and the Tale of Two Landings
By chris • Oct 27, 2014 • Print-Friendly
It had started well enough the evening before. Richard Simpson had finally got to a stage where he needed a check flight to re-validate his licence. You've got it, he'd been out of ballooning for years, his kit languishing in the trailer. This was in no part thanks to a bit of a medical problem but he decided early on that once that was sorted he would get his kit back into an airworthy state and ask for his licence back. He'd been part of the Steve Humphries and Clive Perceval group. Steve hung up his quick release some years ago but still makes a guest appearance from time to time and Clive is about to get back into the air also after a long absence keeping his hand in by going out and about crewing and flying with for Richard. We'd agreed to meet up at Missenden. The weather was perfect the direction well good. It was a family affair, dog and all. Ken Lowry had called over to pick some kit up and was looking to fly but the direction from his turf was naff so he opted to join us at the Black. Choosing not to bother with a retrieve but attempt a Horse and Hound on us and get a lift back we wobbled into the most pleasant of evening skies. The flight although most pleasurable was, like Richard's flying, unremarkable. Eventually he realised that he could climb to altitude and descend again and in-between keep straight and level. We sailed over daughter's boyfriend's family home their garden on fire from what appeared to have once been a barbeque. They waved and shouted strange things. Right in front of us was Bovingdon Airfield and off to our left Ken busy taking selfies. Now, we've often landed there and it was in fact where Robin Batchelor landed the first time I retrieved for him so clearly has historic overtones. It was also very big so down we came in for a fine landing on the old runway by the equally famous VOR Bovingdon Beacon still in use by stacking Heathrow aircraft . Apart from Robin Batchelor landing there it also famous as the location for the film 633 Squadron and Battle of Britain and when I was a small child Ansons would fly over to RAF Halton to give the apprentices air experience flights and, of course, Freddie Laker set up his company Aviation Traders there in 1947. I remember going there with my dad in 1960 to the one and only air display they held there. It was brilliant. These days it is largely derelict although there is now a very large prison built in one corner and markets are held there from time to time. We used to look after the horseboxes of the local farmer that owned most of it so landing there ought to be simple. Although oblivious of the history this was clearly the conclusion Ken had also come to although he was a way away on the far side of the place. We were but a hefty stone's throw from the Market Gates but understandably they were locked. We then sent Richard's lads off to recce the far end gates, that would keep them quiet, and meanwhile his missus nipped round smartish like to the prison just in case they had a key. I set about phoning Alice as I was pretty sure the farm behind her boyfriend's family home was owned by the same chap whose mum's trailer we used to do. Eventually Alice looked up the booking number for the Sunday market and it was the son of the woman whose husband farmed the airfield and he was on his way with a key. With this so far? We were out but Ken wasn't having much luck apart from finding the White Hart, Whelpley Hill's fine village pub, having seemingly walked several miles. Where he was, it turned out, was totally fenced in and locked up. The bloke that owned it owned the pub as well but he couldn't be contacted. After much debate over a nice pint or two and as no one in the pub thought there would be a problem we decided to return in the morning and fly it out.
So that is just what we did. Bless, Clive and Richard plus families various joined us in the pub carpark at early doors and helped trolley a spare cylinder of fuel and a fan in. He was a good half a mile in but it was a calm still morning so there weren't going to be any problems. Half an hour later Ken was drifting, solo, towards Berkhamsted and freedom. After trekking back out we eventually got loaded up and followed. Now the surrounding area is well wooded and we were a fair way behind him so not surprisingly we learnt he was down by phone. "I'm in Ashridge College," he gallantly informed us. "Which Ashridge?" we asked. Eventually a map reference was forthcoming and off we went arriving outside the extremely splendid Ashridge House home of the Business School and the largest neo-Gothic style mansion in Britain. Ken was at a small side gate to greet us. "Its all closed up and I can't find anyone." He pronounced. Sounded familiar. He led us to his point of impact. He was indeed in the College. He was on the most beautifully manicured lawns you can imagine, the heart of their renowned garden designed by no less than Humphrey Repton in the early 19th century. We looked at each other and tutted and winced. This was not looking very promising and he was probably now in another dilemma. "Bugger." muttered Ken. Small is good so we made the balloon look less imposing by packing it away and putting it all neatly in one place. Then while the team searched for signs of life round the back of the huge house I elected to follow the sign that said 'Reception' and met a charming lady to whom I explained our dilemma. "That's not a problem,' she smilingly said and off we went to effect a rescue. Now, not only did she show our Richard the way but invited him to drive his Landrover with Ken's trailer in close formation onto the lawn to pick up the balloon. "The gardeners drive tractors on it," she explained so you won't do much harm. We thought a mere modicum of harm would send the gardeners bonkers but as she was insistent, with care and trepidation, Richard crossed the perfection that was the lawn. We explained how it was that Ken had ended up there and she explained that she was the General Manager of the site and had been up most of the night as a water main had burst and despite a repair being made it had gone pop again. It was now a Sunday so things were not looking good as the Water Board, or whatever they are called these days, couldn't do anything until Monday at best. She had a rather different option in mind which I rather thought the Water Board, if they wished to remain unharmed, ought to heed.The diversion had clearly worked in our favour. Big thankyous were made, group photos were taken and phone-numbers exchanged (this would be a perfect launchsite) and we bade our farewells and headed off to return the extremely grateful, relieved and very fortunate Ken back to Whelpley and breakfast. It had certainly been an adventure but a couple of days later things were to change dramatically and a whole new spin put on the matter. Mark the-very-unlikely-estate-agent Whitewood, called by to pick up a refuelling hose. He'd flown that evening but after us and put down shy of Bovingdon as the wind dropped out. The events of our and Ken's flights were recalled. "I fly from Bovingdon," he happily explained, "Yes, I've just bought a house a few doors down from the White Hart and have a key to the land behind. The bloke that owns it keeps it all locked up you know? Nice chap but not around that much." We did and had a jolly good chuckle and at the time decided it was best not to tell Ken. So Ken, if you ever want to fly from Bovingdon we know a bloke that has a key and will happily let you. (o:
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Chairman	 Mr. Amitabh Vira, is a business entrepreneur, backed by a Master Degree from Michigan State University, USA. In the year 1998, he became an early member of Rediff.com, Amitabh is also a Trustee on the Sir Gangaram Hospital, New Delhi, a leading Multi-Speciality hospital in New Delhi.
Secretary Kunwar Udayan Vira, the Honorable Secretary of both Vira Charitable Society and Kunwar Satyavira College of Engineering & Management, is a renowned social reformer, politician, farmer and educationonist, Zila Panchayat Adhyaksh.
Treasurer Shri C.S. Gupta,an eminent educationist and recipient of President of India National Award for promating the cause of education.
Member Kunwarani Ruchi Vira, Ex-MLA Bijnor.
Member Shri Surendra Singh Bishnoi, renowned advocate, Bijnor.


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You Are Here : Home / About Arlington/ News / News Articles / 2017 News Articles List / County Board Approves Chesapeake Bay Preservation Area Map Update
County Board Approves Chesapeake Bay Preservation Area Map Update
UPDATED July 15, 2017: The Arlington County Board voted 5-0 today to accept an update to the Chesapeake Bay Preservation Area map. To read the staff report, visit the County website and scroll down to Item No. 50 on the Agenda for the July 15, 2017 Regular County Board Meeting.
Below is the news release issued after the June 20, 2017 Regular County Board Meeting, in which the Board approved a request to advertise the July 15 hearing.
Public Hearings Set for Chesapeake Bay Preservation Area Map Update
The Arlington County Board will hold a public hearing on an update to the Chesapeake Bay Preservation Area map, also called the Resource Protection Area (RPA) map, on July 15, 2017. The updated map includes additional streams and wetlands defined by the County's Chesapeake Bay Preservation Ordinance as Resource Protection Areas. It also includes a number of corrections based on more accurate field data. The Board also set a public hearing before the Planning Commission on the proposed update for July 5, 2017.
The more accurate map will help Arlington protect environmentally sensitive lands near streams and ensure that the County can comply with local and State regulations. It will allow the County to review development projects fairly and provide accurate information to residents and other stakeholders.
Corrections and the addition of a number of streams and wetlands to the updated map will remove RPA designations from 280 parcels, and will add the designation to 196 parcels. The total number of parcels in the County with the RPA designation will decrease from 1,523 to 1,439.
The RPA map identifies streams, wetlands, and tidal shores in Arlington, as well as a 100-foot buffer around these environmentally-sensitive areas. The RPA map was last revised in 2003, when the County Board also adopted a comprehensive update to the Chesapeake Bay Preservation Ordinance. Since that update, the County has collected data for its Natural Resources Management Plan (2010) and Stormwater Master Plan (2014), yielding more accurate information about Arlington's water resources.
When a RPA is designated, buildings already existing on a parcel are "grandfathered" and can be maintained, repaired or replaced in kind under the Chesapeake Bay Preservation Ordinance. However, new projects such as a home addition, or building a new home on properties adjacent to a stream or wetland, must be permitted and may require mitigation for potential water quality impacts. Mitigation requests usually include the addition of native vegetation, the removal of invasive plants or additional stormwater
[caption id="attachment_12543" align="alignright" width="225"] A home near Windy Run.[/caption]
management requirements.
Property owners affected by the map update were notified in June 2016. The County held several public meetings to provide information about the map update and answer property owner questions. County staff have also met individually with affected property owners.
The revised RPA map will be considered by the County Board for adoption at the July 15, 2017, meeting. If adopted, the new map would take effect in January 2018.
The Board voted 5 to 0 to advertise public hearings on the updated map. To read the staff report on the proposed update to the map, visit the County website. Scroll down to Item No. 42 on the Agenda for the June 20, 2017 Regular County Board Meeting.
For information on speaking at a Board Meeting, visit the County website.
Read the Chesapeake Bay Preservation Ordinance.
Aileen Winquist
awinquist@arlingtonva.us


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HomeGlobal EconomicsGlobal PoliticsAsk Mish
North Korea: Bloody Nose Strategy vs Diplomacy
N. and S. Korea agree to meet to reduce tensions ahead of the Olympics. Meanwhile, the US debates a Bloody Nose strategy
North and South Korea will meet on Tuesday in the demilitarized zone. The meeting is preparation for the Winter Olympics that begin next month. Five senior officials from each side will meet at the three-storey Peace House on the South Korean side of the Panmunjom truce village, with talks to begin at 10 a.m.
Reuters reports North, South Korea to Hold Talks as Winter Olympics Help Break Ice.
North and South Korea will hold their first formal talks for more than two years on Tuesday, brought together by sport to discuss how the North's athletes can attend next month's Winter Olympics in the South despite simmering fears of conflict.
The United States, which has 28,500 troops stationed in South Korea as a legacy of the 1950-1953 Korean War, initially responded coolly to the idea of inter-Korean meetings.
The State Department had said Pyongyang "might be trying to drive a wedge" between Washington and Seoul and weaken a U.S.-led campaign to force North Korea to give up its development of nuclear-tipped missiles capable of hitting the United States.
On Saturday, Trump said he was "100 percent" behind the talks and hoped for positive developments. He also said he would "absolutely" be willing to talk on the phone to Kim.
"Look, right now they're talking Olympics. It's a start, it's a big start," he said. "If something can happen and something comes out of those talks, that would be a great thing for all of humanity, that would be a great thing for the world," he said.
Bloody Nose Strategy
The Wall Street Journal does not see things so benignly in its report: Amid Signs of a Thaw in North Korea, Tensions Bubble Up.
As one sign of how fraught the confrontation with North Korea remains despite the tentative onset of diplomatic activity, consider this: U.S. officials are debating whether it's possible to mount a limited military strike against North Korean sites without igniting an all-out war on the Korean Peninsula.
The idea is known as the "bloody nose" strategy: React to some nuclear or missile test with a targeted strike against a North Korean facility to bloody Pyongyang's nose and illustrate the high price the regime could pay for its behavior. The hope would be to make that point without inciting a full-bore reprisal by North Korea.
It's an enormously risky idea, and there is a debate among Trump administration officials about whether it's feasible. North Koreans have a vast array of artillery tubes pointed across the Demilitarized Zone at Seoul, the capital of South Korea, with which they could inflict thousands of casualties within minutes if they choose to unleash all-out barrage. Now, that danger is coupled with the risk that the North Koreans could attempt to use a nuclear weapon if they choose to escalate in retaliation to even a single strike.
A key question is whether the conversation can expand beyond the Olympics to include topics South Korea wants to discuss, notably reunification of Korean families split between North and South and a general decrease in military tensions.
Even if that happens, though, the diplomatic move needed to really start dialing back tensions would be conversations between North Korea and the U.S. That possibility seems stuck in a long-distance dance between Pyongyang and Washington, with each side making opening bids the other finds unacceptable. North Korea wants the U.S. to forswear joint military activities with its South Korean ally in advance of talks, while the U.S. insists the goal of talks should be to eliminate North Korea's nuclear arsenal, not merely to contain it. Each side finds the other's conditions unacceptable.
The Wall Street Journal repeated the wedge theory. "Diplomats suspect North Korea's engagement with South Korea is an attempt to drive a wedge between Seoul and its American allies, thereby reducing the possibility the U.S. could take any kind of military action against Pyongyang."
Global Wedge Shortage
Count me among those who think any wedge that reduces the likelihood of US military action is a good thing.
I never thought about this before, but there is a global shortage of wedges.
Mike "Mish" Shedlock.
Sort: Oldest
Ambrose_Bierce
Bombing North VIETNAM would be lot easier
Nobody For President
In my experience, a bloody nose STARTS a fight, not ends it.
china/NK planning mass tac on kadena to seize the airfield for follow on transport as the prep for largest amphin assault in history to take japan while trump still workin on his 3rd diet coke lol
KidHorn
Now that NK has nukes, there's nothing we can do. Time to find a non military agreement.
Soon, they will also have the means to reach it to US mainland. Then the US Admin's goose is truly cooked since they now have what they call a "madman" with nukes which can directly hit DC.
El_Tedo
Genuine peace talks would be a good thing. A "wedge" is not a good thing, because it is an insincere gesture which buys them more time to become more dangerous.
Maybe Korea can work things out like Spain and Catalonia
Biden Seeks Legal Status for 11 Million Illegal Immigrants
Biden seeks Congressional legislation for 11 million immigrants in the US without legal status. The bill will undoubtedly face political pushback.
Mr. Purple
Biden's Plan: The Good, the Bad, the Ugly
We have details of Biden's Plan. Let's take a look at 16 items.
DanP66
Vaccine Shortages and Problems With Moderna
There are huge shortages of Pfizer's vaccine and California halted Moderna shots.
PecuniaNonOlet
Facebook Turns on Trump, Is That a Problem?
Bungalow Bill
A Very Disturbing Look Deep Insider the Parler App
Parler is a free-wheeling anything goes, say what you want social media platform similar to Twitter. A Parler data download shows very disturbing, even scary trends.
jacktenben
$500,000 in Bitcoin Funneled to Capital Riot Organizers
Blockchain analysis shows Bitcoin worth a half-million dollars went to organizers of the January 6 Capitol riots.
Carl_R
Georgia Prosecutors Prepare To Move In On Trump
Atlanta prosecutors eye election fraud charges on Trump.
There Are No Hawks on the Fed, Only Ostriches
The Fed cannot spot inflation. Can you?
O2bgone
Which Senators Are Likely to Convict Trump?
President Trump was impeached for the second time. The spotlight turns to a Senate Trial. Where do the Senators stand?
jfpersona1
Trump is Still More Popular than the President of France
This is actually an "approval rating" measure, but it is amusing. Trump has the third worst approval rating with a score of -21.


Is Mead Johnson Nutrition's estimated NPS of 4 considered to be good?
Consider an example: If Mead Johnson Nutrition sends out NPS surveys immediately after purchase, they are tracking their customers' initial excitement and the checkout experience.
Therefore, comparing the NPS score of Mead Johnson Nutrition with your own without any further context is not that useful.


A DILAPIDATED church in Weymouth town centre has been given a new chance to rise from the ashes.
The Maiden Street Methodist Church, which was gutted in a major fire more than a decade ago, has been on sale since it failed to find a buyer at auction in February.
Estate agent Symonds and Sampson has announced that the church has now been sold to a private buyer for an undisclosed sum.
The church was initially expected to fetch between £250,000 and £275,000 at auction.
Immy Robinson at Symonds and Sampson, said: "We are very pleased to announce that finally the former Methodist Church has a new owner.
"The church is now in the hands of a private buyer who has yet to disclose their plans for the building, but we believe they are intending to restore the church and return it to the iconic property it was before the destructive fire in 2002.
by a fire in 2002.
Developers purchased the church in 2007 and secured planning permission to create a five-storey apartment complex and a ground floor restaurant, but the project did not proceed.
The church appears on Historic England's list of 'buildings at risk'.
Ms Robinson said: "When we took the property on in January, we knew it would not be the easiest sale.
"Although when restored it will be a glorious building in the town, due to its Grade II Listed status and all the rules and regulations that come with it and the level of extreme dilapidation, it required a specialist buyer who was willing to take on a very big project.
Jacquie Martinez, assistant inspector of historical buildings and areas at Historic England, said: "Historic England is pleased to hear that this landmark building has a new owner, and hope this marks the start of a new and positive chapter in its history.


I'm new here and struggling a bit to get that system. So I used basic subscription and received #105 to read for free - as a trial as I understand it.
As I#m really interested in that Adam Granduciel article in issue #102 I purchased it ~1h ago and made my payment via PayPal.
I already contacted the online department, but sadly no answer. I understand and respect that there isn't a guy dealing with problems 24/7, but still I'm quite disappointed that the purchase didn't work out.
Just hope my money isn't lost - it's actually a lot for a digital money for my current situation.
Could you guys help me out?
Two days ago I started this thread, contaced the staff via email and havent got a reply yet. Thats very sad and it makes me angry, just want to read that Adam Granduciel Interview and payed for it, yet the issue is not available for me!
I've never bought an issue, only have done the free subscription for many years?so I have no experience with your particular situation?that's why I did not respond.
Bear in mind, Tape Op is a pretty small operation, and if they are in the middle of a convention/event/recording session they may not have been able to respond. I don't think they have "staff" in the traditional sense, my understanding is that Tape Op is a labor of love/side gig for everyone involved, including Larry?being that he owns and runs a studio himself.
I'm sure once they get to your message they will take care of everything, Tape Op is not out to steal anyone's money.
kslight wrote: I've never bought an issue, only have done the free subscription for many years?so I have no experience with your particular situation?that's why I did not respond.
Thank?s for your reply. I?m pretty sure too that they dont have the intention to steal money, that never came in my mind and I dont want my text to appear as an allegation! Furthermore I completly respect them being few people having a lot of things to do, thats why I waited 2 days with another message and to show a little patience.
Though I would like to get this problem solved - I?m sure they will. Thing is I just have a little time off and wanted to read issue #102 so badly.
I'm sure they'll take care of you. Wish I could help more, but I have no control over the situation, I have to assume that they just must be busy. Maybe they are at Sweetwater Gear Fest this weekend?
Dave will be right with you on this. He is on a schedule and deals with this once or twice a week I think. No one works for this magazine full time. No one. Seriously!
Did this issue ever got solved for you?
The thing is that I'm in the same situation. Bought an old issue with a very interesting interview. Payed with Pay Pal like you did. But I never got the digital download.
Hi, exactly the same with me!


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Pierringer v. Hoger
Vancleve v. City of Marinette
The court of appeals correctly noted that "[a] Pierringer release operates to impute to the settling…
American Motorcycle Assn. v. Superior Court
We agree with this conclusion, which finds support in decisions from other comparative negligence…
221 Citing Cases
Full title:PIERRINGER, Plaintiff, v. HOGER and others, Defendants. HOGER and another…
Court:Supreme Court of Wisconsin
Date published: Oct 29, 1963
21 Wis. 2d 182 (Wis. 1963)
124 N.W.2d 106
Supreme Court of Wisconsin
holding that a settling tortfeasor in a multi-defendant case may be released from all future liability and could not be made a party-defendant in any action brought against the non-settling tortfeasors
Summary of this case from SJ Properties Suites v. STJ, P.C.
October 1, 1963 —
APPEAL from a judgment of the circuit court for Ozaukee county: MILTON L. MEISTER, Circuit Judge. Affirmed.
For the defendant-appellant there was a brief by Kivett Kasdorf of Milwaukee, and Stuart G. Grady of Port Washington, and oral argument by A. W. Kivett.
For the defendant-respondent Milwaukee Gas Light Company there was a brief by Foley, Sammond Lardner, and oral argument by Harrold J. McComas, all of Milwaukee.
For the defendant-respondent Stoelting Brothers Company there was a brief by Wickham, Borgelt, Skogstad Powell of Milwaukee, and oral argument by Arthur Wickham.
For the defendant-respondent Lester Olsen there was a brief by George D. Young of Milwaukee, joined in by Erwin N. Pauly of Port Washington, for the plaintiff Loschel Pierringer, and oral argument by Mr. Young.
There was a brief by Ray T. McCann and Laurence Collins, both of Milwaukee, for the plaintiffs-respondents Burton E. Hoger and William Bormann; by Lorinczi Weiss of Milwaukee, for the defendant-respondent Burton E. Hoger; and by Gerold Huiras of Port Washington, for the defendant-respondent William Bormann, and Leonard L. Loeb of Milwaukee of counsel.
These cases involve identical issues of law and arise out of the same set of facts. On November 1, 1957, an explosion occurred at a concrete-mixing plant in Port Washington, Wisconsin, injuring Loschel Pierringer, the plaintiff in Case No. 31, and Burton E. Hoger and William Bormann, the plaintiffs in Case No. 32. The defendants including the interpleaded defendants are alleged to be tort-feasors and have cross-complained against each other for contribution. Prior to trial, all of the defendants excepting Mathias Greisch made settlements with the plaintiffs. Similar releases and indemnification agreements were executed with each plaintiff. The total consideration therefor amounted to $37,964. Based upon the releases, motions were made by the settling defendants, who are respondents here, for summary judgment to dismiss the cross complaints of appellant Greisch for contribution against them and their cross complaints against him. The trial court granted the respondents' motions and from the judgment, Greisch appeals.
HALLOWS, J.
The releases were executed after the decision in Bielski v. Schulze (1962), 16 Wis.2d 1, 114 N.W.2d 105, and are too long to quote verbatim. Each releases and discharges the respondents from all claims and causes of action of the plaintiff and recites the settlement was a compromise of the plaintiff's claims which exceeded the consideration paid and the plaintiff and the respondents knew the respondents were not paying the full amount of the plaintiff's damages. Each release provided the plaintiff "does hereby credit and satisfy that portion of the total amount of damages of the undersigned . . . which has been caused by the negligence, if any, of such of the settling parties hereto as may hereafter be determined to be the case in the further trial or other disposition of this or any other action" and the plaintiff "does hereby release and discharge, that fraction and portion and percentage of his total causes of action and claim for damages against all parties . . . which shall hereafter, by further trial or other disposition of this or any other action, be determined to be the sum of the portions or fractions or percentages of causal negligence for which any or all of the settling parties hereto are found to be liable. . . ." The releases also contain a reservation of rights to "the balance of the whole cause of action of the undersigned against the said Mathias Greisch," an indemnification agreement for any amount the respondents may be required to pay upon any judgment obtained against them for contribution and an agreement to satisfy any judgment the plaintiff recovers for the full cause of action against the appellant to the extent of the fraction of the cause of action released. These latter provisions for indemnification and for satisfaction of judgment are no doubt second-line protection for the respondents in the event the other provisions were ineffective. The problem of drafting a release effective in tort actions to carry out the intentions of the parties thereto where all the tort-feasors are not parties is admittedly difficult and on occasion a frustrating task under the case law and statutory law of this state.
The first question presented by the releases under consideration is whether they are effective to bar the nonsettling tort-feasor's right to contribution. The appellant argues, relying on State Farm Mutual, that since he was not a party to the release his rights to contribution are not affected and, in addition, that under Bielski it is impossible to draft a release which will affect such right of the nonsettling tort-feasor. We consider both of these contentions are without merit. Releases of joint tort-feasors may and do take many forms having the characteristics and legal effect of a covenant not to sue, or a partial satisfaction of the damages and of the cause of action, or an accord and satisfaction of the whole cause of action, or a discharge from liability, or various combinations thereof. The direct and indirect legal effect of these concepts was established before the right of contribution between joint tort-feasors was recognized in this state and before the enactment of the Uniform Joint Obligations Act, i.e., ch. 113, Stats.
State Farm Mut. Automobile Ins. Co. v. Continental Casualty Co. (1953), 264 Wis. 493, 59 N.W.2d 425.
The rules historically applied to actions between the injured party and one or more tort-feasors relating to primary liability. Difficulties and confusion increased in their application to contribution cases. Basic were the common-law rules that joint obligors on contract were not severally liable and had to be joined in one action while joint tort-feasors were both jointly and severally liable and any one could be sued and full recovery obtained against him. Consequently, a release of one joint obligor which discharged his liability was considered a satisfaction of the debt or of the whole cause of action, barring recovery from the other joint obligor. This was especially true of release under seal. Where the intention of the parties as shown by the release was not to satisfy the whole debt or operate as an accord and satisfaction and thus extinguishing the cause of action, some courts, including ours, treated such a release as having the effect of a covenant not to sue. This same technique was carried over into cases involving joint tort-feasors although the reasons therefor were not so much needed in order to effectuate the intention of the parties. To emphasize the character of a release as not satisfying the debt or cause of action, express reservations of rights against the nonsettling tort-feasors were included in the release. For additional protection to the settling tort-feasor, an indemnity agreement was added and sometimes a satisfaction-of-judgment agreement.
Ellis v. Esson (1880), 50 Wis. 138, 6 N.W. 518; Kropidlowski v. Pfister Yogel Leather Co. (1912), 149 Wis. 421, 135 N.W. 839.
In State Farm Mutual we construed a release providing for complete discharge of the settling tort-feasor with a reservation of rights of the full cause of action against the nonsettling tort-feasor to be in the nature of a covenant not to sue and held the nonsettling tort-feasor's right to contribution was not affected. Significantly, the release did not purport to satisfy any part of the damages or of the cause of action. There was no settlement within the scope of an accord and satisfaction, and the whole cause of action remained against the nonsettling tort-feasor. It was thought necessary in that case to state no different result was reached under sec. 113.04, Stats. However, it does not follow that all releases involving tort-feasors are in legal effect covenants not to sue or are governed by ch. 113, Stats.
"113.04 RELEASE OF SOME, EFFECT. Subject to the provisions of section 113.03; the obligee's release or discharge of one or more of several obligors, or of one or more of joint, or of joint and several obligors shall not discharge co-obligors, against whom the obligee in writing and as part of the same transaction as the release or discharge, expressly reserves his rights; and in the absence of such reservation of such rights shall discharge co-obligors only to the extent provided in section 113.05."
The suggestion in State Farm Mutual that a release which did not reserve rights against the nonsettling tort-feasor would come under sec. 113.05, Stats., has not led in practice to the common use of such form of release. Lawyers have distrusted the effect of sec. 113.05 on rights of contribution and certainly that section is unworkable and entirely inadequate to carry out the intention of the parties making settlements in negligence cases. This view is borne out by the type of release involved in Heimbach v. Hagen (1957), 1 Wis.2d 294, 83 N.W.2d 710; Lewandowski v. Boynton Cab Co. (1959), 7 Wis.2d 49, 95 N.W.2d 823; Jacobs v. General Accident Fire Life Assur. Corp., Ltd. (1961), 14 Wis.2d 1, 109 N.W.2d 462; Kerkhoff v. American Automobile Ins. Co. (1961), 14 Wis.2d 236, 111 N.W.2d 91. The releases in those cases, excepting Kerkhoff, were attempts to avoid sec. 113.05 by releasing the settling tort-feasor, satisfying a definite part of a cause of action, reserving rights to the balance of it against the nonsettling tort-feasor, and in the process to completely protect the settling tort-feasor from liability to the injured party and from claims of contribution from the nonsettling tort-feasor. Kerkhoff expressly attempted to rely on sec. 113.05 although containing a reservation of rights and a satisfaction of one half of the cause of action.
In Heimbach, the release specifically provided inter alia a release of tort-feasors from their direct liability to the plaintiff, a covenant not to sue them, and an agreement that the plaintiff's claim and cause of action were credited and satisfied to the extent of one half thereof. This release was no mere covenant not to sue but a satisfaction of one half of the cause of action against the nonsettling tort-feasor, reserving the balance against the nonsettling tort-feasor, whatever that one half might prove to be. This feature it was pointed out distinguished the release from that in State Farm Mutual. As a practical matter, since the nonsettling tort-feasor under such a release would not have to pay to the settlor more than one half of his total damages, there was no good reason to preserve for the nonsettling tort-feasor a theoretical right of contribution which would never mature or ripen into recovery. Recognizing the intention of the release was controlling, this court took a shortcut and avoided a circuity of action by giving immediate effect to the release in barring the nonsettling tort-feasor's claim to a right of contribution. The same type of release involving the important factor of satisfying a definite portion of the cause of action thus releasing the nonsettling tort-feasor's primary liability, if any, to pay the full and complete damages was given the same effect of barring the asserting of the right of contribution in Lewandowski, Jacobs, and Kerkhoff.
The instant releases, while incorporating some elements of the State Farm Mutual release, contain, in addition, the important factor of satisfying part of the cause of action and reserving the balance against the appellant. They, therefore, cannot be classified as merely covenants not to sue but must be governed by the rule of Heimbach unless this is impossible under the Bielski rule.
The appellant claims the instant releases cannot come under the Heimbach rule because no satisfaction of a definite percentage or portion of the cause of action can be stated in the release. Prior to Bielski the percentage or portion of liability of each joint tort-feasor was as a matter of law equal in proportion to the number of joint tort-feasors. Under the rule of Bielski the liability for contribution of each joint tort-feasor depends on a question of fact determined by an apportionment of the causal negligence attributable to all the joint tort-feasors. As stated in Bielski, we did not believe the change in the rule of contribution presented insuperable difficulties in drafting releases and suggested in order for a plaintiff to give a release or covenant which would protect the settling tort-feasor from a claim of contribution that the plaintiff must agree to satisfy such percentage of the judgment he ultimately recovers as the settling tort-feasor's causal negligence bears to all the causal negligence of all the tort-feasors. This was descriptive of the situation where the plaintiff sued the nonsettling tort-feasor and recovered a judgment for the full amount of the cause of action. We might well have added "or by the release he satisfies his cause of action to the extent of and releases the nonsettling tort-feasor for such percentage," and the effect would be the same. In the former case the plaintiff partially satisfies a judgment for the full damages while in the latter case the judgment is entered only for the unsatisfied percentage or portion of the damages.
Although we use the phrases "covenant not to sue" and also "releases with reservation of rights," we had in mind that a release of the State Farm Mutual type could be converted into a release which would protect the settling tort-feasor from a claim of contribution by the plaintiff's agreeing to satisfy such percentage that might be determined under the Bielski rule and, likewise, a Heimbach type of release could retain its advantages by substituting for a definite percentage or proportion that percentage of negligence found upon the application of the Bielski rule. The appellant's argument that the Heimbach rule can only apply to a release which satisfies a definite portion of a cause of action determined at the time of the execution of the release is not sound and if that argument is not set at rest by the language in Bielski, it is by this opinion.
The appellant argues the instant releases come under sec. 113.04, Stats., and his right of contribution is unaffected. The respondents are in disagreement over whether ch. 113, Stats., applies and if so, what section. One argues if any section is applicable it is sec. 113.03; another argues sec. 113.05 applies. At least it is apparent that none of the parties agree, and so it is in most tort-release cases. In Heimbach we stated it was not necessary to decide whether any section of ch. 113 applied to that type of release. Perhaps the great confusion in the practice has arisen over attempting to apply ch. 113 to any release of joint tort-feasors. Since Bielski, ch. 113, which primarily deals with joint obligors under contracts, is ill-suited in its application to releases involving joint tort-feasors and affecting their rights of contribution. Because the instant releases contain a reservation of rights, they cannot come under sec. 113.05. In addition, the parties knew the settling tort-feasors were not paying the full amount of the plaintiff's claim and the amount of any tort-feasor's primary liability and the amount of contribution under Bielski could not be known at the time the releases were executed. Sec. 113.03, if applicable, would violate the intention of the parties or require a constrained construction of the phrase "value of any consideration received by the obligee." Sec. 113.04 cannot be applied if the intentions of the parties expressed in the releases are to control, because that section incorporates sec. 113.03. We hold, therefore, that ch. 113 only applies to a tort release when it expressly incorporates or refers to ch. 113 or the intention of the parties is so inadequately expressed that resort to ch. 113 is necessary to determine the intention. Releases involving tort liability, which by their terms are inconsistent with the provisions of ch. 113 and clearly express the intentions of the parties and the effect of the settlement, are not to be defeated by or governed by the sections of ch. 113. Such releases are outside the scope and intent of that chapter.
Finally the appellant contends that if the releases are effective to bar his right of contribution it is necessary in order to determine the percentage of the nonsettling tort-feasor's liability under Bielski for the settling tort-feasors to be a party to the suit even if their participation is not necessary to protect their interest because otherwise the court would not have jurisdiction of them and a proper issue of causal negligence could not be submitted to the trier of the fact. We find no merit in this contention. Normally, of course, allocation of negligence arises out of the necessity of determining contributory negligence, but in the absence of the issue of contributory negligence where joint tort-feasors are involved, Bielski requires an allocation of the causal negligence in order to determine contribution. A release of one tort-feasor before trial and subsequent dismissal of the action and counterclaim against him does not complicate this problem. The instant releases contemplate such an issue of allocation as binding upon the plaintiff because he has satisfied that part of his cause of action for which liability is found to be attributable to the settling tort-feasors. The issue between the plaintiff and the nonsettling defendant, which should be framed by an amendment to the pleadings, is the percentage of causal negligence, if any, of the nonsettling defendant, but such percentage of negligence can only be determined by a proper allocation of all the causal negligence, if any, of all the joint tort-feasors and of the plaintiff if contributory negligence is involved. The determination of this issue between the plaintiff and the nonsettling defendant does not require the settling defendants to remain parties because the allocation, if any, of the causal negligence to the settling tort-feasors is merely a part of the mechanics by which the percentage of causal negligence of the nonsettling tort-feasor is determined. It makes no practical difference to the settling tort-feasors what percentage of causal negligence is allocated to them because they have bought their peace in any event.
We have held in cases dealing with the comparison of negligence between a plaintiff and a defendant which involved the negligence of a nonparty that it was error not to include in the apportionment question submitted to the jury the causal negligence of the nonparty in order to determine the percentage of negligence of the defendant, but on the facts such error was not prejudicial. However, here, the failure to include in the apportionment question the causal negligence of the settling respondents would because of the releases necessarily be prejudicial to the nonsettling appellant. Under sec. 270.27, Stats., which requires a special verdict on all material issues, both the plaintiff and defendant are entitled to have the percentage of the nonsettling tort-feasor's negligence determined.
Hardware Mut. Casualty Co. v. Harry Crow Son, Inc. (1959), 6 Wis.2d 396, 94 N.W.2d 577; Ross v. Koberstein (1936), 220 Wis. 73, 264 N.W. 642; Patterson v. Edgerton Sand Gravel Co. (1938), 227 Wis. 11, 277 N.W. 636.
The proper framing of this issue requires the pleadings to be amended and since the plaintiff is in the best position, has received the advantages of the release, and has satisfied "a to-be-determined part" of his cause of action against the nonsettling tort-feasor defendant, he ought to amend his complaint. If, however, the plaintiff fails to do so and even if the complaint is amended, the appellant should be given the right to amend his pleadings to set forth the facts of the release and such other pertinent matter so that the issues are clearly drawn. Substantially this procedure was required by the trial court in granting the motion for summary judgment. Upon the trial the release should be given immediate effect, as it is for contribution purposes, and the judgment, if any, against the nonsettling defendant should only be for that percentage of negligence allocated to him by the findings or the verdict. The claim for the balance has been satisfied by the plaintiff and there is no point in going through the circuity of ordering a judgment for a larger amount and requiring the plaintiff to satisfy it. This procedure would avoid the problem which arose in Kerkhoff. We find no error in the trial court's granting the motion for summary judgment.
By the Court. — Judgment affirmed.
granting settling defendants' motion to dismiss cross-complaints for contribution filed against them by the one remaining defendant, given that defendant effectively obtained contribution from the settling defendants by having assessed against it only its own share of liability, and as long as the causal negligence of all the relevant parties is determined by the jury, there is no requirement that a settling defendant remain a party to the suit
Summary of this case from Ortiz v. Cybex Int'l, Inc.
approving plaintiff's right to maintain cause of action against remaining defendants when one joint tortfeasor has been released
Summary of this case from Graff v. Robert M. Swendra Agency, Inc.
interpreting such a release as discharging the settling defendant entirely and discharging the non-settling defendant from responsibility for the settling defendant's proportionate share of liability
Summary of this case from RÍO MAR ASS. v. UHS
In Pierringer, the Wisconsin court found that the nonsettling defendant effectively obtained its contribution from the settling defendants by having assessed against it only its own percentage of liability.
Summary of this case from Austin v. Raymark Industries, Inc.
In Pierringer the Wisconsin Supreme Court approved a form of release which frees a settling tortfeasor of liability and limits the damages recoverable from non-settling tortfeasors to the percentage of liability allocated to them.
Summary of this case from Green v. United States
In Pierringer v. Hoger, 21 Wis.2d 182, 124 N.W.2d 106 (1963), the Wisconsin Supreme Court approved of a release in which the plaintiff agreed to satisfy a portion of the cause of action and reserve the balance against a non-settling defendant.
Summary of this case from Johnson v. Rogers
In Pierringer, therefore, it is apparent that an allocation of liability between the settling and non-settling defendants was contemplated, and that the plaintiff agreed to deduct from his ultimate award of damages only that amount which was attributable to the fault of the settling defendant.
ratifying use of such releases in Wisconsin
Summary of this case from Groschopf v. Health Ins. Risk Sharing Plan
construing this kind of release as discharging the settling tortfeasor entirely and releasing the non-settling one from responsibility for the settling tortfeasor's proportionate contribution of liability
Summary of this case from Zurich American Ins. v. Lord Electric Co. of Puerto Rico
In Pierringer, the Wisconsin Supreme Court held that a settling tort-feasor in a multi-defendant case may be released from all future liability and could not be made a party-defendant in any action brought against the non-settling tort-feasors.
Summary of this case from Tudjan v. Wisconsin Department of Health Fam Serv
Summary of this case from Siler v. Northern Trust Co., Inc.
In Pierringer, the court rejected the non-settling defendants' claim that the settling tortfeasors would have to be parties to the suit even if their participation were not necessary, since the court would not have jurisdiction over them and, therefore, could not submit the issue of their negligence to the trier of fact.
Summary of this case from Young v. Verson Allsteel Press Co.
In Pierringer, the Wisconsin court set down the post Bielski v. Schulze procedure for drafting releases designed to bar the nonsettling tort-feasor's right to contribution from the settling tort-feasor.
Summary of this case from Fietzer v. Ford Motor Company
In Pierringer, the settling defendant moved for summary judgment to dismiss a cross-claim of a non-settling defendant for contribution, after it entered into a Pierringer release with the plaintiff.
Summary of this case from Vancleve v. City of Marinette
In Pierringer v. Hoger, 21 Wis.2d 182, 124 N.W.2d 106 (1963), we held, as a matter of law, that a Pierringer release operates to impute to the settling plaintiff whatever liability in contribution the settling defendant may have to nonsettling defendants and to bar subsequent contribution actions the nonsettling defendants might assert against the settling defendants.
Summary of this case from Fleming v. Threshermen's Mut. Ins. Co.
In Pierringer, the court held that in spite of the release, the negligence of the settling defendant should be submitted to and determined by the jury during trial of an action against the nonsettling defendant.
Summary of this case from Gaulden v. Burlington Northern, Inc.
In Pierringer v. Hoger (1963), 21 Wis.2d 182, 124 N.W.2d 106, this court held that the statute entitles a nonsettling defendant as well as the plaintiff to have the negligence of the settling tort-feasor determined in the same action.
Summary of this case from Wagner v. Daye
In Pierringer, we held that the failure to include settling tort-feasors in the verdict would be prejudicial to the remaining nonsettling defendant.
Summary of this case from Connar v. West Shore Equipment
In Pierringer v. Hoger (1963), 21 Wis.2d 182, 124 N.W.2d 106, it was held to be error, where a plaintiff had settled with some of the defendants and given releases, not to include such defendants in the special verdict for the purpose of comparing negligence.
Summary of this case from Payne v. Bilco Co.
listing the elements and effect of a Pierringer release
Summary of this case from McMorrow v. R. E. C., Inc.
In Pierringer, at 184-85, 124 N.W.2d at 108, each release provided the plaintiff "does hereby release and discharge, that fraction and portion and percentage of his total causes of action and claim for damages against all parties... which shall hereafter, by further trial or other disposition of this or any other action, be determined to be the sum of the portions of fractions or percentages of causal negligence for which any or all of the settling parties hereto are found to be liable...."
Summary of this case from Balk v. Farmers Insurance Exchange


We went to a birthday party on Saturday night.
Here is one of my favorite snapshots of the night.
Look at the happiness of all of these children.
Here is a quote that Shannon shared on her blog today. I love it.
How fun. What are they climbing on? A giant spiderweb?


Replacing the toilet in your bathroom may be something you're considering for various reasons. Maybe the toilet is cracked. Maybe you have an outdated model and want a more modern look, or maybe your toilet just uses way too much water. A large variety of newer models will fit in with the style of your house, and also lower the volume of water used per flush. Additionally, new toilets can be found in an assortment of shapes and styles that most people find to be more pleasant. If your toilet or water closet is outdated or needs service, in some cases it may be cheaper to put in a new one than to repair the one you already have. Energy efficiency has become a standard feature of newer toilets, so they can frequently pay for themselves in a short time. Also, if the bathroom the new toilet is going into did not already have a shutoff valve for the old toilet, this is a great time to remedy that situation before starting the new installation. This will enable you to quickly turn of the water supply to the toilet, in case of an overflow situation, without having to shut off the water supply to your whole home.
If your toilet is on its last legs, or if you just feel like updating with a model that's more attractive and economical, you'll be pleased to know that replacing a toilet is something that can be done in just an afternoon. However, if you're installing a toilet in a new location, supply pipes and drainpipes will have to be extended to the desired spot, and that's a job that would be better handled by a professional plumber.


WRIGLEY'S offers a stunning selection of reception, lobby and social room furniture. From traditional to contemporary, we have a style that will enhance the appearance of your public areas, as well as offer comfort to visitors and clients. One of our most popular lines, Lesro, gives us a wonderful variety of styles, fabrics and finishes. We also love the great selections from both HON and Ofm. At WRIGLEY'S, we fuse affordable design with a determined and dedicated focus on achieving exactly the look you envision.


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5 Temples You Must Visit In Kerala
God's own country, Kerala has some of the oldest temples in India. Boasting a number of temples as old as 2000 years old, these are dedicated mainly to Lords Ayappa, Shiva and VIshnu who are most loved gods in the South Indian state. If you want to come to a place in India to fulfill your divine and spiritual desires then Kerala can be the ideal destination for you. Come here in the winters as the weather generally very hot during summers. Here are some famous temples in Kerala you must visit on your next vacation to the South Indian state.
Sree Padmanabhaswamy Temple: One of the most popular temples in Kerala, Sree Padmanabhaswamy Temple is arranged in Thiruvananthapuram. Adorning Dravidian style of engineering, the sanctuary is devoted to Hindu God Vishnu and goes back to eighth century. This prominent holy place is arranged in the East Fort in Thiruvananthapuram and it is amongst the 108 Vishnu temples or Divya Desam. Without a doubt, one of the finest examples of Dravidian design, Sree Padmanabhaswamy sanctuary is the most well known temple in Kerala. It is dedicated to Lord Vishnu who is seen leaning back on Anantha, the hooded Serpent. It is said that the establishment of the sanctuary is old to the point that it has mentioned in sacred Hindu models like Skanda Purana and Padma Purana.
Sabarimala Sastha Temple: A renowned temple in Kerala, Sabarimala Sastha Temple is arranged close to Periyar Tiger Reserve. It is one of those spots where pilgrimage is performed on an extensive scale. It is reported that around 50 million people visit here every year. Sabarimala is said to be the spot where Hindu God Ayyappan meditated after decimating demoness Mahishi. The pilgrimage performed in Sabarimala is quite different from other pilgrimages. The pilgrims to Sabarimala smear Sandal (chandan) on their forehead and stay unshaven until the excursion comes at an end.
Attukal Bhagavathy Temple: Arranged at short distance of 2kms from Sree Padmanabhaswamy Temple, the temple is another celebrated spot of worship in Kerala. The presiding god of the temple is Goddess Kannaki (incarnation of Goddess Parvati) who is viewed as the Supreme Mother, the maker of every single living being. Attukal Bhagavathy Temple has a Guinness Book of World Record for holding the single biggest gathering of ladies for religious activities. The individuals who visit Sree Padmanabhaswamy Temple ensure that they don't miss a great opportunity to come to this sacred place of worship in Thiruvananthapuram
Ambalapuzha Sri Krishna Temple: Built in seventeenth century, Ambalapuzha Sri Krishna Temple is committed to Lord Krishna. People come here to worship the Unni Krishna (the kid type of Lord Krishna). Because of a legend appended to the temple, Pal Payasam is served as an offering here, which by the way is to a great degree delicious. The sanctuary is likewise known for the divinity that has been brought from Guruvayoor amid the rule of Tipu Sultan to safeguard them from the raid.
Chottanikkara Temple: Chottanikkara Temple is one of the most renowned sanctuaries in Kerala with regards to the architecture of the Hindu places of worship. The temple is dedicated to Chottanikkara Devi who is revered in three diverse forms (as Saraswati in the morning; as Lakshmi at twelve; hung in dark red; and as Durga at night) at three distinctive times of the day. Master Shiva is likewise adored in this sanctuary. On the east side of Chottanikkara called 'Keezh Kaavu' sanctuary, the Guruthi Pooja is held each night to conjure the Goddess is an a significant thing to witness here.
With so many renowned temples in Kerala come here to calm your mind and lose yourself into deep meditation.
Don't forget to checkout amazing Kerala tour packages online to witness the historical temples that played a huge part in keeping various traditions alive in India.
Posted By : Gaurab Kr Baruah on May 19, 2016
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Author of "Look Both Ways"
Jennifer Baumgardner is a writer, activist, filmmaker, and lecturer whose work explores abortion, sex, bisexuality, rape, single parenthood, and women's power. She is the Executive Director/Publisher at The Feminist Press at CUNY.
After five years as an editor at the feminist magazine, Ms.(1993-1997), Jennifer began writing investigative pieces for Harper's and The Nation, commentaries for NPR's "All Things Considered," and contributing to magazines such as Real Simple, Glamour, Redbook, Babble, Harper's Bazaar, Teen Vogue, Marie Claire, and Elle.
In 2005 she created and produced the award-winning documentary "I Had an Abortion." In 2013, she released her second film, "It Was Rape," which tells the story of eight diverse women.
Jennifer and her work have been featured in venues from Oprah to NPR, and BBC News Hour to Bitch Magazine. She has keynoted at more than 300 universities, organizations, and conferences, including the National Coalition of Abortion Providers, Amherst College, Take Back The Night UW-Madison, and the New Jersey Women and Gender Studies Consortium, to name a few. In 2008, she became writer-in-residence at The New School, where she taught non fiction workshops for four years.
Jennifer is the author of five books: "Look Both Ways: Bisexual Politics" (FSG, 2007, a Lambda finalist), "Abortion & Life" (Akashic, 2008), and the essay collection "F 'em! Goo Goo, Gaga, and Some Thoughts on Balls" (Seal, 2011), as well as two best-selling books about feminism written with Amy Richards — "Manifesta: Young Women, Feminism, and the Future" (FSG, 2000) and "Grassroots: A Field Guide for Feminist Activism" (FSG, 2005). She is the co-editor, with Madeleine Kunin, of "We Do!: American Leaders Who Believe in Marriage Equality."
Among other honors, she is a Jezebel 25, a Feminist Press 40 Under 40, and a recipient of the Stand Up for Reproductive Justice Award from the Feminist Women's Health Center of Atlanta. The Commonwealth Club of California honored her in their centennial year as a "Visionary for the 21st Century," commenting that "in her role as author and activist, [Jennifer has] permanently changed the way people think about feminism…and will shape the next 100 years of politics and culture."
Originally from Fargo, North Dakota, Jennifer lives in New York City with her husband and two sons.
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Digital Financial Services & Gender: An Analysis of Correlates of Awareness, Adoption, and Use
In this report we analyze three waves nationally-representative household survey data from Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Nigeria, Pakistan, Bangladesh, India, and Indonesia to explore sociodemographic and economic factors associated with mobile money adoption, awareness, and use across countries and over time. Our findings indicate that to realize the potential of digital financial services to reach currently unbanked populations and increase financial inclusion, particular attention needs to be paid to barriers faced by women in accessing mobile money. While policies and interventions to promote education, employment, phone ownership, and having a bank account may broadly help to increase mobile money adoption and use, potentially bringing in currently unbanked populations, specific policies targeting women may be needed to close current gender gaps.
Review of Land Tenure Technologies and Indicators
Land tenure refers to a set of land rights and land governance institutions which can be informal (customary, traditional) or formal (legally recognized), that define relationships between people and land and natural resources (FAO, 2002). These land relationships may include, but are not limited to, rights to use land for cultivation and production, rights to control how land should be used including for cultivation, resource extraction, conservation, or construction, and rights to transfer – through sale, gift, or inheritance – those land use and control rights (FAO, 2002). In this project, we review 38 land tenure technologies currently being applied to support land tenure security across the globe, and calculate summary statistics for indicators of land tenure in Tanzania and Ethiopia.
Technical Report - Land Tenure Technologies, Summary Profiles - Land Tenure Technologies, Results Coding - Land Tenure Technologies, Research Brief - Plot Ownership Summary Statistics for Ethiopia, Nigeria, and Tanzania, Research Brief - Land Tenure Indicator Summary Statistics for Ethiopia and Tanzania


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Home / Products / Duke Ellington – Blues In Orbit | 45rpm 2LP
Original Recordings Group [ORG] / Columbia
Duke Ellington – Blues In Orbit | 45rpm 2LP
A TAV Essential Listening Album.
Note: A 33 1/3 rpm version of this album is also available here.
"Duke Ellington is joined by the likes of Clark Terry, Johnny Hodges and more for this recording from multiple sessions spreading from February 1958 to December 1959.
"It's tempting for Blues in Orbit to be overlooked when Duke Ellington's best albums are discussed, but truly it's an undisputed gem. There are 11 tracks, none of them is longer than 4:50 and it is all good stuff. There are some familiar favorites such as "In a Mellotone" and "C Jam Blues" as well as less often heard gems like "Blues in Blueprint and "Sweet and Pungent." It is also in stereo, and the arrangements are superb.
The featured performers include Ellington stalwarts Johnnie Hodges, Ray Nance, Harry Carney and Jimmy Hamilton, as well as the less familiar Booty Wood and Matthew Gee. Johnnie, in particular is well showcased here, taking the lead not only in slow pieces like "Brown Penny" and "Sentimental Lady", but also in the rousing, "Smada."
All of the takes were recorded during after midnight sessions recorded over two nights starting on December 2, 1959 in New York at Columbia Records' studio on East 30th Street. Each night Duke's late dinner arrived at 2 a.m. — a sizzling steak, a pot of coffee with lemons in it, portions of American cheese, and grapefruits. After dinner, and a breather for the band, the sessions finished around dawn in a swinging fashion." - Acoustic Sounds
"it's an album worth tracking down, if only to hear the band run through a lighter side of its sound -- indeed, it captures the essence of a late-night recording date that was as much a loose jam as a formal studio date, balancing the spontaneity of the former and the technical polish of the latter. Ellington and company were just back from a European tour when the bulk of this album was recorded at one after-midnight session in New York on December 2, 1959 -- the arrangements had to be hastily written out when the copyist failed to appear for the gig. So on the one hand, the band was kicking back with these shorter pieces; on the other, the group was also improvising freely and intensely at various points." – AllMusic
Blues In Orbit
Original Recordings Group [ORG] Music / Columbia
2 × Vinyl, LP, 45 RPM, Stereo, Reissue, Limited Edition
Big Band, Swing


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Q: Invalid fingerprint for generating Google Map key for android application I have successfully generated the fingerprint Certificate for google map key by using these command
keytool -list -alias androiddebugkey -keystore "C:\Users\pc\.android
\debug.keystore" -storepass android -keypass android

and i got this result
androiddebugkey, Aug 25, 2012, PrivateKeyEntry,
Certificate fingerprint (SHA1): 68:1F:B8:80:C0:B9:96:D1:6E:95:86:69:CD:DB:0E:28:DC:9E:89:51

when i try to register Certificate fingerprint on this site https://developers.google.com/android/maps-api-signup
page replied me The fingerprint you entered is not valid. Please press the Back button on your browser and enter a valid certificate fingerprint
where is problem please help.

A: I find the solution of my problem just changed the command by this
keytool -list -v -alias androiddebugkey -keystore C:\Users\<user>\.android\debug.keystore -storepass android -keypass android

A: If your having issues finding the debug key path or dont want to use the adb you can get the fingerprint in eclipse:
go to window-->preferences and find the android section. Select the build sub-setting.

for the production fingerprint when your exporting your signed application using ADT right before you click finish the hash will be there. just copy it.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Picking Tests to Drop Won't Be Easy for HISD
Jan. 31, 2005, 4:57PM
by JASON SPENCER
Copyright 2005 Houston Chronicle
Houston ISD Superintendent Abe Saavedra's promise last week of a new culture that values teaching over testing has made him the darling of those who think the school district's test-heavy accountability system has gone too far.
"These are the best proposals I have seen during my 23 years in HISD. I strongly applaud and support you," Westbury High School teacher Faye Volcy wrote Saavedra via e-mail with "Thank you! Thank you! Thank you!" in the subject line.
Although some saw the move as a retreat from the test-based reforms that landed former Houston Independent School District Superintendent Rod Paige a job as U.S. education secretary, Saavedra is emphatic that Paige's core values still drive HISD philosophy.
"We're not retreating," Saavedra said. "The issue with the testing is that after 10 years, we need to examine whether testing has grown to where it needs to be cut back."
Still, following through on his plan to give those No. 2 pencils a break could be a tough task for the first-year superintendent.
Most of the 22 standardized tests used by HISD would be difficult to discard. Some, such as the Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills, are state-mandated. Others measure college-readiness, such as the PSAT, or identify gifted students, such as the Naglieri.
That leaves few options for a newly formed committee of teachers, principals and administrators as they try to come up with recommendations for Saavedra.
Already, Saavedra has his eye on two tests as candidates for a major overhaul — the so-called "snapshot" practice tests that gauge how prepared students are before they take the real TAKS and the Stanford Achievement Test.
Use of several exams urged
Yet some educators say even those tests, particularly the Stanford, are vital to pinpointing weaknesses in students' education.
The best way to keep teachers from teaching to the test, they say, is to use several tests to measure learning.
The Stanford, given in grades 1 to 11, is the only test that compares HISD students with their peers nationally. Though committed to keeping the Stanford, Saavedra said he may scale back its role in HISD.
"The question is, do we need to be giving it at every grade level," he said.
It wasn't long ago that HISD viewed the Stanford, which costs nearly $1.9 million to administer, as key to proving Houston students really were learning.
The exam, produced by San Antonio-based Harcourt Assessment Inc., came to Houston in 1996, when lagging public confidence in the school system resulted in voters' rejection that year of HISD's $390 million bond package.
"The whole purpose behind the use of the (Stanford) test was to convince the public and the business community and the other stakeholders that schools were performing well enough to meet national standards," said Gary Dworkin, who runs the University of Houston's Sociology of Education Research Group.
Expert affirms need
Don McAdams served on the school board that authorized Paige's testing proposal in 1996. He still considers it one of HISD's smartest steps toward silencing critics who questioned the validity of students' high passing rates on the old Texas Assessment of Academic Skills.
"That's exactly why HISD developed an accountability system that used the TAAS and the Stanford," said McAdams, now a nationally recognized education consultant. "If you are testing in various ways, it prevents teaching to the test."
McAdams agrees it's time for a re-evaluation of the tests taken by Houston's 209,000 students
"But I would not want to see the public fall into the trap of thinking that teaching and testing are somehow opposed to each other," he said.
If decision-makers in Houston and elsewhere are concerned with freeing up more instructional time, "The place to start is movies, field trips and other activities that aren't involved in supporting the curriculum and the learning process."
Some wonder about the motivation for getting rid of a test that has served as ammunition for skeptics of the No Child Left Behind Act that Paige championed in Washington, D.C.
Those critics often point out that the education reforms that led to HISD's big gains on the old TAAS didn't yield the same results on the Stanford.
Usefulness is questioned
"We would like them to keep Stanford administered on all grade levels," said Lester Houston, executive director of the Houston-based Parent Leadership Union of Texas, which has 4,000 dues-paying members in the Houston area.
"If you eliminate it in early grades, you put kids in a deficit situation," Houston said. "School districts allow the learning gaps to increase so dramatically, it's almost impossible to close those gaps once kids get into high school."
Others, though, question the Stanford test's usefulness since its questions don't reflect Texas' curriculum the way TAKS questions do.
"Testing is just a way to get information about students' learning, and we have far too much testing going on," said Thomas Haladyna, an Arizona State University professor specializing in standardized test research. "When it comes down to which tests are most useful, that would be the TAKS. The Stanford would be the least useful because it's not aligned with Texas' standards."
Texas, Haladyna said, would do well to follow the lead of Arizona and other states that have embedded Stanford questions in their state accountability test. "We're cutting down on testing time and increasing teaching time," he said.
Practice TAKS sessions
It could be the Stanford has outlived its usefulness for Houston schools, said Dworkin, the UH researcher. School ratings in both the state and federal systems are based on TAKS performance, he said.
"As we move toward No Child Left Behind, TAKS becomes the measuring stick for Texas, and it may be feasible to drop some of the norm-referenced testing — Stanford is one — especially as TAKS becomes more rigorous," he said.
Although opinions vary on the Stanford exams, there's less debate on snapshot TAKS tests.
HISD requires that students in grades 3 to 11 take three or four TAKS snapshot tests a year. Saavedra said he is considering letting teachers decide for themselves whether and how often to give those tests.
Gayle Fallon, president of the Houston Federation of Teachers, said the union has been pushing for less snapshot testing for years.
"Some of our schools have gone absolutely over the edge on benchmark testing," she said. "We have schools where kids are taking the prep test for the TAKS over and over and over, sometimes as frequently as once a month."
'Drill and kill' method
Sandy Kress, an Austin attorney who was a top education adviser to George W. Bush as Texas governor and in the early years of his presidency, agreed some schools go overboard with such testing.
"That's an area where test-makers and test-givers probably need to be a little more artful," said Kress, now a lobbyist. "If short assessments are used on a timely basis during the year to see that the curriculum is being learned, that can be a very helpful tool for everyone involved."
Often, Fallon said, principals ask teachers to use the snapshot results to identify test-taking weaknesses and use a "drill and kill" method that focuses on narrow concepts instead of the broad curriculum.
"If you teach the curriculum," she said, "they should do all right on the test."
jason.spencer@chron.com
This article is: http://www.chron.com/cs/CDA/ssistory.mpl/metropolitan/3016727
Posted by Angela Valenzuela at 1:31 PM
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text:
L'Opel Cascada (Chute d'eau en espagnol) est un cabriolet à capote souple produit par le constructeur automobile allemand Opel de 2013 à 2019. C'est le successeur de l'Astra TwinTop. Elle est fabriquée dans l'usine Opel de Gliwice (Pologne) aux côtés de l'Astra. Son design et développement technique ont été conduits au centre R&D Opel de Russelsheim.

Vente dans le monde
La Cascada est vendue sous le nom d'Opel Cabrio en Espagne. mais également sous les différentes marques de GM telles que Vauxhall en Grande-Bretagne, Holden en Australie ainsi que Buick en Chine et aux États-Unis. Elle a été présentée au salon de l'automobile de Genève de 2013 ; les ventes ont débuté peu après.

Étant l'une des dernières représentantes du genre dans une marque généraliste, elle ne devrait pas avoir de descendante en raison d'un niveau de ventes décevant et du plan d'économie PACE! inauguré avec le rachat d'Opel par PSA Groupe. Sa production et sa commercialisation s'achèvent fin 2019.

Moteurs
L'Opel Cascada reçoit le tout nouveau moteur 1,6 litre essence à injection directe, qui réduit la consommation et développe un couple ainsi qu'une puissance plus élevés.

Le moteur développe 168 ch (125,3 kW) entre  et  et 260 N m de couple entre  et .

Notes et références

Automobile Opel
Automobile des années 2010
Cabriolet

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Employees of TikTok in the US were reportedly pressured to censor 'culturally problematic' content that might offend the Chinese government
Paige Leskin Nov. 6, 2019, 7:34 AM
A man holding a phone walks past a sign of Chinese company ByteDance's app TikTok, known locally as Douyin, at the International Artificial Products Expo in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, China October 18, 2019. China Stringer Network/Reuters
TikTok, the viral video-sharing app, has faced increasing scrutiny over fears it censors content deemed offensive to the Chinese government because it's owned by Bytedance, headquartered in China.
Former TikTok employess based in the US told the Washington Post that China-based moderators would direct them to censor "objectionable" and "culturally problematic" videos, including those featuring vaping, "suggestive" dancing, and social and political issues.
TikTok has said that no "foreign government" makes decisions about censoring content, and that none of TikTok's moderators are based in China.
However, the Post's reporting calls ByteDance's stance into question.
Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories.
Former employees at the viral video app TikTok allege that moderators in China directed them to censor "culturally problematic" videos deemed "subversive or controversial" to the Chinese government.
Six ex-TikTok employees told the Washington Post that Chinese workers had the "final call" on what content was blocked or otherwise restricted. Employees in the US said that as recently as this spring, they were told to restrict content showing vaping, "heavy kissing and more suggestive dance moves," or "social and political topics."
TikTok, though based in the United States, is owned by Chinese company ByteDance – raising concerns from lawmakers, national security officials, and users alike that the Chinese government exerts some measure of control over the content posted on the platform. The US government is now reportedly investigating ByteDance over national security concerns.
"They want to be a global company, and numbers-wise, they have had that success," a former ByteDance manager told the Post. "But the purse is still in China: The money always comes from there, and the decisions all come from there."
For its part, ByteDance told the Post that no moderators for TikTok's US platform are based in China. But the Post's reporting calls into question just how independent TikTok is from its ByteDance, a $US75 billion company based in China that runs several other popular social apps.
Former US TikTok employees told the Post that they were forced to adhere to rules set by China-based moderators and managers, who instructed them to demote or remove certain content, whether the videos were specifically Chinese-related or not. The company has aimed to maintain TikTok as "a haven of light and positive video," according to the Post.
The Post reported that US workers felt "subordinate" to Chinese employees, and often strugggled with "cultural conflicts, shifting guidelines and inconsistencies" with how ByteDance applied its rules to TikTok, a non-Chinese platform.
Employees told the Post that restricted content has ranged from videos featuring profanity, discussing legal marijuana use, and showing Georgia O'Keeffe paintings that are often said to resemble explicit body parts.
TikTok has consistently stated that the Chinese government, as well as any other "foreign government," does not ask the platform to censor content, and that it doesn't event have the "jurisdiction" to do so outside of China. For most practical purposes, TikTok doesn't exist in China: Instead, ByteDance operates a similar app there called Douyin, while TikTok operates in international markets outside of the country.
Just a few months ago, The Guardian reported on TikTok internal documents that directed platform moderators to censor "highly controversial topics" that were likely to anger the Chinese government – namely, videos criticising China's stance on political policies and historical events, such as the Tiananmen Square protests.
That's on top of reports from early September that while social media was flooded with images and posts about the massive protests taking place in Hong Kong, TikTok was seemingly devoid of content showing unrest.
Paige Leskin


Spread your mystic charm in this pastel hued Khadi cotton saree weaved by the artisans of West Bengal. The light blue and onion pink combination of the saree with pink and bottle green border makes it a perfect day wear. This saree can be clubbed with crop tops to add glamour to this indian drape.


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"Are Medical Journals a Threat to National Security?"
Scientists are butting heads with the government over whether scientific openness trumps national security
Adam Cohen
Bird flu is deadly, but it generally does not spread easily from human to human. Now, scientists in Wisconsin and the Netherlands have created a strain of bird flu that can spread through the air — a virus that could kill millions if terrorists managed to create a batch and weaponize it. This raises a thorny question: Should medical journals be allowed to print the details of how the virus is made?
A government advisory board has urged two scientific journals to omit some of the specifics about the virus — the first time it has issued such a request. Supporters insist that the board's request is a much-needed precaution that could save millions of lives. But critics say that the government is engaging in censorship and interfering with academic freedom.
It is a classic clash of liberty versus security. The question is such a difficult one because whichever course the government takes carries risks and costs. Which option — blocking publication or allowing it — is the lesser of two evils?
It is not hard to see why the government is seeking to keep details of the virus out of print. The H5N1 bird-flu virus rarely infects humans. But when it does cross the species barrier, the mortality rate can be as high as 60%. If terrorists were able to use the new research to make a contagious strain of the virus, the result could be a real-world version of the movie Contagion. That is: worldwide panic and mass deaths.
The government is trying to avoid this by urging scientific journals to describe the virus only in general terms and keep out the sort of details that could be used to replicate it. The National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity, which was created after the deadly anthrax attacks of 2001, asked the journals Science and Nature to be selective when they published articles on the highly contagious strain of H5N1.
So what's the problem? Critics say the government is engaging in censorship by telling the media what it should and should not write about. It sets a terrible precedent, they argue, for the government to set itself up as a national-security censor. The next time, they say, the government will try to prevent the publication of information that is far less dangerous than contagious bird flu.
Press-freedom watchdogs have a point: the government often trots out national security to try to intimidate the press into not doing its job. A few years back, the New York Times was about to expose the NSA spying program, in which the government was intercepting emails and phone calls without getting court orders. President George W. Bush called the paper's top brass down to the White House and warned them that exposing the program would compromise national security. The Times went ahead and published — and we are all still here.
The skeptics raise another important concern: the long tradition of scientific openness. Research science works by having experiments reported publicly, so other scientists can test the findings — and build on them with their own research. This tradition breaks down when the government puts a shroud of secrecy on some research.
The editor of Science has suggested that his journal might agree to withhold the information the advisory board is worried about — provided that the government creates a system that would allow legitimate scientists to access the full results.
That sounds like the right answer. We should be wary of government attempts to stop the media from publishing information. But in extreme cases, it may be necessary — and weaponizable highly contagious bird flu could be just such a case.
What factors should we be looking for in considering whether the government should try to stop publication? First, the threat of harm should be real and it should be truly extraordinary. That is a test the contagious strain of H5N1 seems to meet. Second, it should be clear that the government has no ulterior motives — that it is acting to protect the nation, not to advance a political agenda.
That can be a tough thing to evaluate — governments that use national-security arguments for political goals are quick to deny that they are doing so. The best check on this sort of politicization is making sure that anyone who feels pressure from the government not to publish or speak is able to challenge the policy in court. Judges are in the best position to balance risks of serious harm against the infringement on speech — and to determine whether the government is crossing any First Amendment lines.
Those who oppose the Scientific Advisory Board's decision are right that we must be wary whenever the government tries to suppress speech. As Supreme Court Justice Potter Stewart said, censorship is "the hallmark of an authoritarian regime." But the board's defenders are right that ultimately the government has a duty to protect the public from the most serious threats. They can cite Supreme Court Justice Robert Jackson, who noted that the Constitution is not a suicide pact.
[Cohen, the author of Nothing to Fear, teaches at Yale Law School. The views expressed are his own.]
Labels: medical journals, national security


2012 European Champions is now about to begin by he match of Germany vs Portugal. Co-host Poland has the main advantage that they will get live support from their home fans and this will make Germany vs Portugal Euro 2012 match best of the best.
Contrary to the opposite sides, Poland automatically competent for the Euro Cup 2012 considering that they're the co-hosts. It will be their 2nd Euro Cup, with their beginning move finishing in dashing hopes as they completed poorest of their group 4 years before.
Franciszek Smuda is going to be bringing off the part of green gamers as they appear to create history. Home assistance could prove for being a large aspect for Poland in their lookup for European resplendence in opposition to sides a lot more challenging than them.
As likened to Poland, Greece are considerably more skilled. They've taken part in current international tournaments and their secure in the 2004 European Championship bring in them darlings in opposition to Poland at the opening fixture. Even so, their current overall performance in the 2008 UEFA Euro and 2010 World Cup validate the team has damped since 2004.
ALL CONTENT IN THIS WEBSITE ARE PRIMARILY PERSONAL OPINIONS GATHERED FROM ALL OVER THE WEB... Travel theme. Powered by Blogger.


text:
Viagra touted as life-saving heart treatment - after scientists find it makes heart muscles LESS stiff
Viagra helps ailing hearts to recover in a surprising way - by making them less stiff, scientists have learned.
The drug was first developed as a heart disease treatment - it's more well-known use was simply a lucky side-effect.
But now it seems that it might help heart patients after all.
The impotency drug causes too-rigid heart chamber walls to become more elastic.
The drug was initially developed as a heart treatment - but was thought not to work. Now it's surprising 'relaxing' effect might say lives, say scientists
The research explains how Viagra might benefit patients with diastolic heart failure.
People with the condition have abnormally inflexible ventricles, the heart's major pumping chambers, that do not fill sufficiently with blood.
This leads to blood 'backing up' in the lungs and breathing difficulties.
Scientists found that Viagra activates an enzyme that causes a protein in heart muscle cells to relax.
The effect was seen in dogs with diastolic heart failure within minutes of the drug being administered.
Study leader Professor Wolfgang Linke, from the Ruhr Universitat Bochum in Germany, said: 'We have developed a therapy in an animal model that, for the first time, also raises hopes for the successful treatment of patients.'
Viagra has a similar effect on blood vessels, which is why it was originally developed as a treatment for high blood pressure and heart disease.
The drug's active ingredient, sildenafil, inhibits an enzyme involved in the mechanism that regulates blood flow.
However, the enzyme is slightly different in different parts of the body.
The British scientists behind Viagra found to their initial disappointment that it was not a great help to patients with high blood pressure. But it had a miraculous effect on men with erectile dysfunction.
The drug successfully suppressed the enzyme phosphodiesterasein the penis, increasing blood flow to the organ.
Prof Linke's team found that it worked on the same enzyme in heart cells. This had the effect of causing a cardiac muscle protein called titin to become more elastic.
'The titin molecules are similar to rubber bands,' said the professor. 'They contribute decisively to the stiffness of cardiac walls.'
The research is published today in the journal Circulation.
Almost half of emergency patients admitted to hospital with heart failure have a diastolic condition.
Diastolic heart failure affects the 'diastole' half of the cardiac cycle, when the heart's chambers have finished contracting and are re-filling with blood.
Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2078139/Viagra-touted-life-saving-heart-treatment--scientists-makes-heart-muscles-LESS-stiff.html#ixzz1hYjJxadc
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