text:
Flüsse und Schnitte in Netzwerken sind Strukturen der Graphentheorie, die vielfältige Anwendungen finden.

Definitionen, wichtige Begriffe und Eigenschaften

Netzwerk
Ein Netzwerk (engl. network)  besteht aus einem gerichteten Graphen  mit zwei ausgezeichneten Knoten (engl. vertex/vertices), einer Quelle (engl. source)  und einer Senke (engl. target)  aus , sowie einer Kapazitätsfunktion , die jeder Kante  eine nichtnegative Kapazität zuweist, . Hat die Kapazitätsfunktion ausschließlich ganzzahlige Werte, so existiert eine maximale Flussfunktion (siehe folgende Definition), die ebenfalls nur ganzzahlige Werte hat.

Fluss

Ein Fluss ist eine Funktion , die jeder Kante  im Netzwerk einen nichtnegativen Flusswert  zuweist. Dabei muss folgende Bedingung erfüllt sein:

Kapazitätskonformität:

Der Flusswert auf einer Kante ist höchstens so groß wie die Kapazität der Kante, das heißt, es gilt:

.

Ist zusätzlich die folgende Bedingung erfüllt, heißt der Fluss --Fluss:

Flusserhalt:

Abgesehen von der Quelle s und der Senke t muss in jeden Knoten genau so viel hineinfließen wie herausfließt, das heißt:

Dabei ist

die Menge der in  hineinführenden und

die Menge der aus  hinausführenden Kanten.

Gilt zudem Flusserhalt auch in  und , hat man eine Strömung oder Zirkulation. Man kann zeigen, dass Inzidenzvektoren einer Zirkulation entsprechen, wenn sie im Zyklenraum  von  liegen.

Exzess
Der Exzess  eines Knotens , oder auch Nettofluss oder Überschuss genannt, ist die Differenz der Summe der Flusswerte der eingehenden Kanten und der Summe der Flusswerte der ausgehenden Kanten.

Wert
Der Wert eines --Flusses  ist der Überschuss im Knoten  oder der Betrag des Überschusses im Knoten .

In Formeln:

, wobei  die Quelle des Netzwerkes bezeichnet.

Für alle --Flüsse ist der Überschuss bis auf  für alle Knoten Null. Für alle Zirkulationen ist er auch in  Null.

Schnitt
Eine echte Teilmenge  der Knoten in einem Netzwerk, die , aber nicht  enthält, nennt man einen --Schnitt. Oft wird unter einem Schnitt auch die Menge aller Kanten verstanden, die zwischen den Partitionen  und  verlaufen. Die Kapazität eines Schnittes ist die Summe der Kapazitäten der von  nach  verlaufenden Kanten.

Schnitte geben eine obere Schranke für den Wert der --Flüsse. Das Max-Flow-Min-Cut-Theorem besagt, dass auch umgekehrt Flusswerte eine Untere Schranke für Schnittkapazitäten sind. Beide Konzepte entsprechen also einander auf eine natürliche Art und Weise.

Ferner entspricht der Fluss im gesamten Netzwerk dem Fluss durch einen beliebigen Schnitt. Zusammen mit der Kapazität des Schnittes gilt daher . Handelt es sich um einen minimalen Schnitt, entspricht der Fluss der Kapazität des Schnittes.

Residualnetzwerk
Das Residualnetzwerk , oder auch Restnetzwerk, zum Fluss  mit Residualgraphen  und Residualkapazitäten  zeigt die restlichen Kapazitäten des Netzwerks an. Der Residualgraph  hat dieselbe Knotenmenge wie  und besteht aus den von  nicht ausgelasteten Kanten ergänzt um Rückkanten: Für jede Kante  mit  enthält  eine Rückkante . Die Residualkapazitäten  geben für eine Kante  an, um wie viel der Fluss auf ihr noch erhöht werden kann, und für eine Rückkante , um wie viel der Fluss auf der zugehörigen Hinkante verringert werden darf. Also:

, falls

Algorithmische Konstruktion eines Residualnetzwerks
 Initialisiere ; ;
 1. Für alle Kanten
 2.    if()
 3.       Füge  in  ein
 4.       Setze
 5.    if()
 6.       Füge  in  ein
 7.       Setze
 8. gib aus

Schichtnetzwerk
Der Level eines Knotens  ist die Anzahl der Kanten eines kürzesten Weges von  nach  im Residualnetzwerk zum Fluss . Der -te Level eines Graphen ist die Menge aller Knoten mit Level  also . Eine Kante  mit Flusswert  heißt nützlich von  nach , falls . Falls gilt , heißt sie nützlich von  nach . Eine Kante heißt nützlich aus einer Menge, falls sie nützlich von einem Element der Menge in ein Element außerhalb der Menge ist. Analog erklärt man nützlich in eine Menge. Das Schichtnetzwerk oder Levelnetzwerk  zum Fluss  ist ein Teilgraph von  mit

Schicht- und Residualnetzwerk können in linearer Laufzeit berechnet werden.

Besondere Wege und Flüsse
Ein x-y-Weg oder Pfad  ist eine Folge von Kanten, wobei der Ausgangsknoten jeder Kante der Endknoten ihres Vorgängers ist. Die Länge eines Weges , auch  ist die Anzahl der Kanten im Weg.

Die Distanz zwischen  und  ist die Länge eines kürzesten Weges, falls einer existiert, und "unendlich", falls nicht. Ein Weg im Residualnetzwerk heißt augmentierender Weg; die Bezeichnungen verbessernder Weg oder erhöhender Weg sind auch gebräuchlich. Jeder --Fluss lässt sich in Flüsse auf --Wegen und auf Kreisen zerlegen. Genau dann, wenn in einem Netzwerk zu einem --Fluss kein augmentierender Weg existiert, hat der Fluss maximalen Wert. Diesen Sachverhalt nutzen der Algorithmus von Ford und Fulkerson und der Algorithmus von Edmonds und Karp aus.

Ein Fluss  in einem Netzwerk  heißt blockierend, falls in jedem --Weg in  eine Kante  blockiert, oder auch saturiert, ist, d. h. .

Präflüsse
--Präflüsse, oder auch Vorflüsse, (engl. preflow) sind eine Verallgemeinerung von --Flüssen. Dieser Begriff ist nur bei komplexeren (und wesentlich effizienteren) Flussalgorithmen von Bedeutung.

Ein --Präfluss ist eine Funktion  mit Kapazitätskonformität wie oben und folgender Abschwächung des Flusserhalts:

Das bedeutet, nur den Knoten  darf mehr Fluss verlassen, als ihn erreicht. Ein --Präfluss hat Überschuss in einem Knoten, oder auch Overflow, falls sein Überschuss (wie oben) echt größer als Null ist. Das Residualnetzwerk wird analog zu oben gebildet.

Die Höhenfunktion oder Distanzmarkierung in einem Netzwerk mit --Präfluss  ist eine Abbildung  mit ,  und  für alle Kanten .

Ferner erklärt man die Operationen Push und Lift algorithmisch, so wie rechts beschrieben. Mit diesen Mitteln kann man Preflow-Push-Algorithmen entwerfen und untersuchen, etwa den Goldberg-Tarjan-Algorithmus (nach Andrew Goldberg und Robert Tarjan). Bei diesen Algorithmen kann man die Datenstrukturen während der Algorithmus läuft nicht als --Fluss interpretieren. Die Methode von Goldberg und Tarjan initialisiert einen Präfluss und terminiert, falls gewisse Manipulationen der Struktur einen --Fluss liefern. Das ist dort stets nach endlich vielen Schritten der Fall und dieser --Fluss ist dann stets maximal.

Algorithmen
Der Algorithmus von Ford und Fulkerson sucht nach und nach augmentierende Wege, also Wege im Residualnetzwerk, und erhöht dort entlang. Dieses Verfahren klappt genau dann, wenn dieser Algorithmus terminiert, also in die Situation kommt, dass es tatsächlich keine augmentierenden Wege mehr gibt. Dann kann man nämlich die maximale von  aus im Residualnetz erreichbare Knotenmenge betrachten. Diese definiert einen --Schnitt, dessen Kapazität dem Flusswert gleicht.

Um das Terminieren aber zu sichern, kann man ein Argument über die algebraische Struktur der Kapazitätswerte heranziehen. Sind es nichtnegative ganze Zahlen, ist der Wert eines maximalen --Flusses eine ganze Zahl. Zudem gibt es wenigstens einen maximalen s-t-Fluss, der kantenweise lediglich ganzzahlige Werte annimmt. Für jeden maximalen s-t-Fluss muss das nicht der Fall sein. Weil jedes Augmentieren entlang eines --Weges den Wert des --Flusses um einen ganzzahligen Schritt, also um mindestens 1 erhöht, ist die Terminierung nach endlich vielen Schritten in dem Fall gesichert. Eine obere Schranke der Laufzeit des Algorithmus kann dann von den Werten der Kapazitäten abhängen. Die Laufzeit kann dann in Bezug auf Anzahl der Knoten und Kanten beliebig groß sein, je nachdem welche Kapazitäten auf den Kanten gegeben sind. Sind die Kapazitäten nichtnegative rationale Zahlen, terminiert der Ford-Fulkerson-Algorithmus ebenfalls, weil das Netzwerk dann algorithmisch äquivalent zu einem Netzwerk ist, bei dem die Kapazitäten mit dem Hauptnenner multipliziert sind, also nur ganzzahlige Kapazitäten auftreten. Bei reellen, irrationalen Kapazitäten muss der Algorithmus jedoch nicht terminieren und noch nicht einmal gegen einen maximalen --Fluss konvergieren.

Der Edmonds-Karp-Algorithmus stellt eine Weiterentwicklung der Methode von Ford und Fulkerson dar: Er funktioniert ganz analog, sucht aber augmentierende Wege, die bezüglich Kantenanzahl minimal sind. Das geht mit einer Breitensuche jeweils in linearer Laufzeit. Der Edmonds-Karp-Algorithmus terminiert auch bei beliebigen reellen Kantenkapazitäten. Darüber hinaus ist seine Laufzeit , also im Allgemeinen größenordnungsmäßig deutlich besser als der Ford-Fulkerson-Algorithmus.

Der Dinic-Algorithmus basiert auf einer weiteren Beobachtung. Sucht man im Residualnetzwerk nach einem augmentierenden Weg, kann es passieren, dass man in Sackgassen gerät, also zu einem Knoten, von dem aus  gar nicht erreichbar ist. Die Idee ist, das Netzwerk zu schichten, also in Gruppen zusammenzufassen, die dieselbe Entfernung zu  haben, also solche Sackgassen eliminiert sind. In diesem Schichtnetzwerken nutzt man dann ferner aus, dass eine Suche nicht nur einen Weg liefert, sondern immer auch ohne zusätzlichen Aufwand einen Wegbaum. Entlang dieses Baumes kann man dann Fluss schicken und das Netzwerk blockieren. Das geht alles elementar in  mit einer modifizierten Tiefensuche. In der nächsten Iteration hat man dann die Situation, wenigstens eine Schicht mehr zu benötigen, weil die alte Schichtung blockiert ist. Das Argument zur Beschränkung der Schichtzahl auf höchstens  Stück liefert eine Schranke an die Anzahl der sogenannten Phasendurchläufe des Algorithmus, also die Anzahl der Schleifeniterationen. Somit ergibt sich eine Laufzeit von .

Die folgende Tabelle gibt eine Übersicht der entwickelten Fluss-Algorithmen und ihrer Laufzeiten:

Max-Flow Algorithmen nach Veröffentlichung

Formulierungen als lineares Programm

Das Problem, den Flusswert  zu maximieren, lässt sich
ebenfalls als lineares Optimierungsproblem
beschreiben. Wählt man beispielsweise eine Variable  für jede Kante , welche
den Fluss  auf der Kante misst, so ergibt sich das folgende Programm:

Eine alternative Formulierung erhält man, wenn man für jeden
--Pfad  eine
Variable  einführt, welche den Fluss auf dem entsprechenden Pfad bezeichnet. Es
ergibt sich daraus das folgende Programm:

Dabei bezeichnet  die Menge aller Pfade von  nach .

Die zweite Formulierung erscheint zunächst ungünstig, da die Anzahl der --Pfade im Allgemeinen exponentiell mit der Anzahl der Knoten und Kanten wächst. Trotzdem kann diese Formulierung durch Spaltengenerierung
effizient, also in Polynomialzeit gelöst werden.

Die beiden Formulierungen haben zusätzlich die Eigenschaft, dass die Matrizen, welche die Nebenbedingungen beschreiben, total unimodular sind. Damit ist jede Optimallösung
der beiden Programme ganzzahlig, sofern die Kapazitäten  ganzzahlig sind.

Es ist zudem lehrreich, sich die Dualisierungen der obigen Programme anzusehen.
Für die pfadbasierte Formulierung ist das duale Programm beispielsweise gegeben durch:

Das duale Programm ist ebenfalls total unimodular. Dies impliziert, dass die Optimallösung des dualen Programms ein
-Vektor mit  Einträgen ist. Für jeden zulässigen -Vektor
entspricht außerdem die Menge  einem --Schnitt.
Damit entspricht die Optimallösung des dualen Programms einem --Schnitt minimaler Kapazität.
Hieraus folgt durch den starken Dualitätssatz der linearen Optimierung das Max-Flow-Min-Cut-Theorem.

Verallgemeinerungen
Zu dem Problem gibt es einige wesentliche Verallgemeinerungen. Als erstes kann man anstelle von Flüssen zwischen einer Quelle beziehungsweise Senke solche zwischen Gebieten betrachten. Dazu gibt man sich eine gewisse Menge von Versorgern  und eine Menge von Empfängern  vor, sowie einen Graphen und Kapazitäten. Das Problem ist nicht schwerer als Max-Flow und kann entweder durch Vor- und Nachschalten von Zusatzknoten oder durch Übergang zum Quotientengraphen  auf Max-Flow reduziert werden.

Andererseits kann man die Gültigkeit der den Kanten zugewiesenen Kapazitäten auf eine gewisse Umgebung der Kante ausweiten, wobei für ein festgehaltenes  eine -Umgebung die Menge von Knoten und Kanten ist, die  Elemente von der Kante entfernt liegen. Der Spezialfall  entspricht gerade dem maximalen Flussproblem. Der Fall  entspricht dem maximalen Flussproblem mit Knotenkapazitäten. Das kann auf Max-Flow reduziert werden, indem die Knoten durch ein Gebilde, wie im Bild ersetzt werden. Dabei wird die Kantenzahl nicht konstant verändert, also die Komplexität des Problems erhöht. Es existieren aber Lösungen für Max-Flow, deren Komplexität streng von den Knoten abhängt, deren Zahl sich höchstens um den konstanten Faktor 2 ändert.

Für den Fall  kann man beweisen, dass das Problem NP-vollständig ist und daher vermutlich nicht in polynomieller Zeit lösbar ist (es sei denn ). Für den Fall  wurde ein polynomieller Algorithmus gefunden.

Anwendung

Praktische Anwendungen
Diese letzte Verallgemeinerung ist motiviert durch Probleme bei der Verkabelung von VLSI-Chips, wo es aufwändig ist, in eine gewisse Nähe von gelegten Kabeln weitere zu setzen.

Die Flusstheorie hat sich historisch ausgehend von Problemen aus der Anwendung entwickelt. Allgemein ist man von der Situation ausgegangen, ein Fluid, also ein beliebig in Untergegenstände zerlegbaren Gegenstand, auf verschiedenen Wegen durch eine Welt räumlich zu verlagern – etwa elektrische Energie über ein Stromnetzwerk von einer Quelle an einen Bedarfsort, oder Daten durch ein Datennetzwerk von einem Sender zu einem Empfänger. Auch abstrakte Gegenstände wie "einander kennen" kann man modellieren. Durch maximale Flüsse in einem sozialen Netzwerk kann man dann ein Maß dafür erhalten, wie stark zwei (Mengen von) Personen miteinander vernetzt sind.

Theoretische Anwendungen
Eine naheliegende und natürliche Anwendung hat die Flusstheorie bei der Transversalentheorie, die sich auf sehr natürliche Art und Weise in die Theorie der Flüsse einbetten lässt. Einen umfassenden Ansatz, das zu tun, hat Ford 1962 in einem Standardwerk formuliert.

Auch viele kombinatorische Probleme auf Graphen, wie bipartite Matchings, lassen sich leicht in ein geeignetes Flussproblem überführen (siehe Bild) und dort schnell lösen. Eine weitere Anwendung ist das effiziente Ermitteln der Knotenzusammenhangszahl, Kantenzusammenhangszahl oder Bogenzusammenhangszahl. Durch das Lemma von Tutte (nach William Thomas Tutte) werden zudem Anwendungen erweiterter Flusstheorie (sogenannten gruppenwertigen Flüssen) und Färbbarkeitsaussagen deutlich. Einige Vermutungen von ihm zur Existenz von k-Flüssen in planaren Graphen hätten starke theoretische Implikationen.

Literatur
 Bernhard Korte, Jens Vygen: Kombinatorische Optimierung: Theorie und Algorithmen. Aus dem Englischen von Rabe von Randow. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-540-76918-7
 Alexander Schrijver: Combinatorial Optimization: Polyhedra and Efficiency, Springer-Verlag, 2003, ISBN 3-540-44389-4

 Lester Randolph Ford junior, Delbert Ray Fulkerson: Flows in Networks. 1962, ISBN 0-691-07962-5, ISBN 978-0-691-07962-2.

Graphentheorie
Netzwerktheorie


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Leaning Against the Wind: Does the Fed Engage in Countercyclical Monetary Policy?
Analysts differ about whether the Fed should attempt to smooth out the business cycle. But one thing's for sure: It's not an easy thing to do.


text:
layout: page
title: I.M.C.
permalink: imc.html
---

O seu IMC (Indice de Massa Corporal) é calculado dividindo-se o peso da pessoa (em quilos) pela resultado de sua altura elevada ao quadrado (em metros). Com este resultado em mãos é possível saber se ela com seu peso ideal, abaixo dele, ou acima.

Uma pessoa que por exemplo meça 1,71 metros de altura e tenha 66 Kg deve fazer o seguinte cálculo para saber o IMC:

## Fórmula para calcular o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC)
* **Altura** = 1,71 m. Deve-se então elevar este número ao quadrado: 1,71² = 2.9240999999999997;
* **Peso** = 66 kg serão divididos pelo resultado da conta anterior;
* **Cálculo** de IMC = 66 ÷ 2.9240999999999997 = 22.571047501795427.
Comparamos então este valor na tabela de IMC e podemos então concluir que esta pessoa está em seu peso ideal.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


basketball court, a playground area, picnic spots and open space.
Brewer Park features a basketball court for athletes of all ages.
Children can enjoy two play-sets with multiple slides and a swing set.
Multiple picnic tables are available for visitors' convenience.


Department of Human Services' ARDC & 211 Departments show off their neon dance moves at the Annual Hilltop Talent Show.
ADRC & 211 dancers when the lights come up. They won Best Departmental Team.
Monthly Values Champ Nominees from DHS/WFC: Jill Pinedo, Kali Roundy, Andy Pittman, Jacque Berry, Brooke VanOrden, Tracey Garchar.
Criminal Justice Services Department's quarterly employee meeting. Employee of the Quarter was Don Norris.
Sheriff Matt Lewis, left, helps light the torch at the Special Olympics ceremony at Colorado Mesa University.
Sheriff Matt Lewis playing bocce ball with athletes from STRIVE.
Pete Baier, Mesa County Operations Director, speaks to Inside Mesa County participants Monday evening. They learned about Public Works and the Landfill this week.
Cameron Garcia leads a tour of Mesa County Solid Waste Wednesday. The attendees were part of the Inside Mesa County class.
Cameron Garcia explains how paint is recycled at the Hazardous Waste collection facility.
Eric Brown, an assistant fleet supervisor, celebrated his 30th wedding anniversary this week.
Flowers and balloons from Eric's wife of 30 years, Denise. The two got together in junior high and have two sons, Ethan and Justin.
Teresa Nees from Mesa County Weed and Pest joined many other local partners in Utah to hear about weed management and restoration techniques with the Cross Watershed Network hosted by the Tamarisk Coalition.
Teresa Nees, left, of Mesa County Noxious Weed and Pest Management, gave a presentation at the Debeque-Plateau Valley Landowners Association meeting on Tuesday in DeBeque.
The Mesa County Commissioners this morning voted to formally oppose Amendment 69.
Amendment 69 would form the Colorado State Health Care System Initiative, which the Commissioners believe would be detrimental to Mesa County's economy.
Amendment 69 will appear on the ballot this fall. If passed, it would become an amendment to the state Constitution.
The amendment would create ColoradoCare, a health payment system that would finance health care for all Colorado residents.
The estimated cost of ColoradoCare is $25 billion.
"ColoradoCare ... would require the doubling of the state budget and give Colorado the highest state taxes in the nation," the resolution reads. "(It) will hurt working families, retirees, and small businesses because it calls for a 10 percent tax on payroll in Colorado."
Click here for the full text of the resolution.
The Mesa County Commissioners were joined by the Mesa County Clerk, Treasurer, Assessor and other officials Friday morning in DeBeque for a Community Coffee. The informal gathering was a chance for constituents to share their concerns or interests with the county officials. Below are some photos of the event.
Clerk & Recorder Sheila Reiner, right.
The Town of DeBeque provided treats and coffee.
Commissioner Rose Pugliese, left, about to join the group at the table.
Three women who have coffee at the DeBeque Community Center every morning.


One current climate theory suggests that global warming could result in El Nino conditions becoming permanent as opposed to occurring in prevailing two-to seven-year cycles. New research based on a study of a long-lived species of fossilized clam that lived of the coast of Antarctica indicates that was not the case during the early Eocene, when the Earth was as warm as it's been in the last 65 million years.
El Nino is characterized by unusually warm ocean temperatures in the eastern equatorial Pacific, which can result in torrential rains in Peru and drought in Australia. It's "the warm phase of a large oscillation in which the surface temperature of the tropical Pacific varies, causing changes in winds and rainfall patterns," explains the Physorg,com report. The complete phenomenon is known as the El Nino Southern Oscillation, or ENSO.
Prevailing climate theory suggests that global warming could cause the ENSO to collapse and would result in permanent El Nino conditions.
New research conducted by a team led by Syracuse University researcher Linda Ivany suggest otherwise, however. Ivany led an international team that studied a species of fossilized clam that could live more than 100 years during a time when Antarctica was as warm as Virginia is today. It turns out that the clams' growth rings can be analyzed akin to the way tree rings are analyzed, providing a long-term picture of ancient climatic conditions.
The team found that the distances between consecutive bands in the clams' shells varied with a two-to seven-year periodicity typical of El Nino's periodicity. They also found the same pattern in fossilized driftwood found buried in sediments along with the clams.
"While it might sound counterintuitive, it turns out that the inter-annual climate variations seen in the tropical Pacific today are strongly teleconnected to the Antarctic. This seems to have also been the case 50 million years ago," Ivany said.


text:
Q: How to add new column based on existing column in a datatable in VB? I'm trying to build a code to process text file from a fingerprint machine into a report.
text file input example,
001;0000000000200004;01-07-2016;15:31;01;01
with semicolon delimiter,
machinecode;personid;dateDD-MM-YYYY;timeHH:MM;jobid;unused
this is my last successful code
Imports System.IO
Imports System.Windows.Forms

Public Class Form1

Private Sub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click
    Dim lines = IO.File.ReadAllLines("C:\Users\Adventa\Documents\Visual Studio 2010\Projects\AbsensiALU\AbsensiALU\Absen.txt")
    Dim tblabsen = New DataTable
    Dim colCount = lines.First.Split(";"c).Length

    For i As Int32 = 1 To colCount
        'Dim header As String
        tblabsen.Columns.Add(New DataColumn("Column_" & i, GetType(String)))
    Next
    For Each line In lines
        Dim objFields = From field In line.Split(";"c)

        Dim newRow = tblabsen.Rows.Add()

        newRow.ItemArray = objFields.ToArray()

    Next
    Dim table1 As New DataTable
    table1 = tblabsen.Copy()

    table1.Columns(0).ColumnName = "No. Mesin"
    table1.Columns(1).ColumnName = "NIK"
    table1.Columns(2).ColumnName = "Tanggal"
    table1.Columns(3).ColumnName = "Jam"
    table1.Columns(4).ColumnName = "Keterangan"

    DataGridView1.DataSource = table1
    DataGridView1.AutoResizeColumn(0)
    DataGridView1.AutoResizeColumn(1)
    DataGridView1.AutoResizeColumn(2)
    DataGridView1.AutoResizeColumn(3)
    DataGridView1.AutoResizeColumn(4)

    DataGridView1.Columns(5).Visible = False

    Dim rowData As String = ""

    'dt is the name of the data table
    For Each row As DataRow In table1.Rows
        For Each column As DataColumn In table1.Columns
            rowData = rowData & column.ColumnName & "=" & row(column) & " "
        Next
        rowData = rowData & vbNewLine & vbNewLine
    Next

End Sub

Private Sub DataGridView1_CellContentClick_1(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.Windows.Forms.DataGridViewCellEventArgs) Handles DataGridView1.CellContentClick

End Sub

End Class

now i want to add a column into it that based on table1.columns(4) with probably an IF/CASE operator, so the new columns for example will be like this
Dim kete As String
Select Case tblabsen.Columns(4).GetType.ToString()
            Case "00"
                kete = "Masuk"
            Case "01"
                kete = "Pergi"
            Case "02"
                kete = "Kembali"
            Case "03"
                kete = "Pulang"
            Case Else
                kete = "Error"
        End Select

assuming that 'kete' could be written into the new column.
Thanks in advance.

A: You have create your own DataTable, so you need to add one extra column first
For i As Int32 = 1 To colCount + 1
    'Dim header As String
    tblabsen.Columns.Add(New DataColumn("Column_" & i, GetType(String)))
Next

After that, you need to assign your value in ForEach
For Each line In lines
    Dim objFields = line.Split(";"c).ToList()
    Dim newRow = tblabsen.Rows.Add()

    Dim kete As String
    Select Case objField(4).GetType.ToString()
        Case "00"
            kete = "Masuk"
        Case "01"
            kete = "Pergi"
        Case "02"
            kete = "Kembali"
        Case "03"
            kete = "Pulang"
        Case Else
            kete = "Error"
    End Select
    objFields.Add(kete)

    newRow.ItemArray = objFields.ToArray()
Next

And also you need to handle this extra column in the rest of your code (i.e. resize, column name)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Linq Compiled Queries and int[] as parameter I'm using the following LINQ to SQL compiled query.
 private static Func<MyDataContext, int[], int> MainSearchQuery =
     CompiledQuery.Compile((MyDataContext db, int[] online ) =>
              (from u in db.Users where online.Contains(u.username)
               select u));

I know it is not possible to use sequence input paramter for a compiled query and im getting "Parameters cannot be sequences" error when running it.
On another post here related ,  I saw that there is some solution but I couldn't understand it.
Does anyone know to use complied query with array as input paramter?
Please post example if you do.

A: Like the post that you referenced, it's not really possible out of the box.  The post also references creating your own query provider, but it's a bit of overhead and complexity that you probably don't need.
You have a few options here:

*

*Don't use a compiled query.  Rather, have a method which will create a where clause from each item in the array resulting in something like this (psuedo-code):
where
    online[0] == u.username ||
    online[1] == u.username ||
    ...
    online[n] == u.username

Note that you would have to use expression here to create each OR clause.

*If you are using SQL Server 2008, create a scalar valued function which will take a table-valued parameter and a value to compare againt.  It will return a bit (to indicate if the item is in the values in the table).  Then expose that function through LINQ-to-SQL on your data context.  From there, you should be able to create a CompiledQuery for that.  Note that in this case, you should take an IEnumerable<string> (assuming username is of type string) instead of an array, just because you might have more than one way of representing a sequence of strings, and to SQL server for this operation, it won't matter what the order is.

A: One solution that I have found myself doing (for MS SQL 2005/2008). And I'm not sure if it is appropriate in all scenarios is to just write dynamic sql and execute it against the datacontext using the ExecuteQuery method.
For example, if I have an unbounded list that I am trying to pass to a query to do a contains...
' Mock a list of values
Dim ids as New List(of Integer)
ids.Add(1)
ids.Add(2)
' ....
ids.Add(1234)

Dim indivs = (From c In context.Individuals _
                    Where ids.Contains(c.Id) _
                    Select c).ToList

I would modify this query to create a SQL string to execute against the database directly like so...
Dim str As New Text.StringBuilder("")
Dim declareStmt as string = "declare @ids table (indivId int) "  & vbcrlf)

For i As Integer = 0 To ids.Count - 1

     str.Append("select " & ids(i).ToString() & " & vbcrlf)

     If i < ids.Count Then
          str.Append("union " & vbcrlf)
     End If

Next

Dim selStatement As String = "select * From " & context.Mapping.GetTable(GetType(Individuals)).TableName & _
      " indiv " & vbcrlf & _
      " inner join @ids ids on indiv.id = ids.id"

Dim query = declareStmt & str.ToString & selStatement
Dim result = context.ExecuteQuery(of Individual)(query).ToList

So barring any syntax errors or bugs that I coded (the above is more or less psuedo code and not tested), the above will generate a table variable in SQL and execute an inner join against the desired table (Individuals in this example) and avoid the use of a "IN" statement.
Hope that helps someone out!


This cookbook exists to automatically make a RAID array using all the Ephemeral block devices (aka "disks", but we cannot know for sure what they are) it can find present to the system it runs on.
The cookbook's default RAID level is 0 - maximum performance with absolutely no redundancy. You must change the attribute to something else if you are worried about dataloss.
The Ephemeral block devices typically have higher performance than other volumes and due to their Ephemeral nature are ideal for high-IO throw-away work or clustered loads that run with sufficient levels of distributed data redundancy: i.e. multi-AZ or multi-region data replication.
These block devices are also typically included with the instance you choose - at no extra cost.
Cloud providers may be sneaky however, since only one of these block devices are available by default when you launch an instance without requisite block device mappings.
See the Usage section for further info on how to get the drives to show up in one example.
This cookbook does not create filesystems, but there is a cookbook out there that does just that : the filesystem cookbook.
For EC2: See http://aws.amazon.com/ec2/instance-types/ for an up to date list of how many ephemeral block devices/disks there are for each instance type - these devices/disks are otherwise referred to as 'Instance Storage'.
By default this cookbook grabs all the ephemeral block devices it finds, cleans them up and then creates a raid level 0 array out of them with mdraid.
This cookbook should be used with the [filesystem] cookbook.
A relatively recent common Linux distribution. This recipe is linux-only.
A cloud provider that Ohai recognises.
Two or more mapped Ephemeral block devices.
mdadm - This is needed for forming the raid device. We use it via the chef provider.
install.rb : Installs everything by calling the rest of the recipes in the right order i.e. once packages have been installed.
cleanup.rb : Unmounts devices and clears partition tables.
makeraid.rb : Creates the raid device, using the mdadm provider.
See the contents of attributes/default.rb where there are accurate comments and self-explanatory attribute names.
Significant patches from gerilya and ispringer.
This cookbook was built on the shoulders of giants such as Mike Heffner mike@librato.com who originated the original recipe provided significant suggestions for improvement.
The ephemeral devices helper was taken from Apache 2.0 licensed work by RightScale. Their quality is awesome.
Copyright: 2013–2013 Medidata Solutions, Inc.
This file is used to list changes made in each version of ephemeral_raid.


text:
Le titre cardinalice de San Trifone (Saint-Tryphon ou Saint-Triphon) a été institué le  par le pape Pie V, et fut supprimé le  par le pape Sixte V. Son siège se trouvait en l'Église San Trifone in Posterula, située dans le rione Campo Marzio au centre de Rome.

Titulaire
L'un des titulaires fut Antoine de Créquy (1531-1574), évêque d'Amiens. Antoine de Croigny, nommé par bulle du Pape le , a été élevé à ce grade en tant que Cardinal-Prêtre, alors qu'il était responsable de l'abbaye Saint-Pierre de Cellefroin. Ref : Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société Archéologique et Historique de la Charente, 1893, sixième série, tome III

Voir aussi

Sources

Liens internes
 Liste des titres cardinalices

Trifone
Fondation en 1566

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Embracing digital technology helps propel students to new heights – regardless of whether they want to pursue careers in computers or they want to be well-rounded citizens in the 21st century.
We believe children learn best when they are actively working on meaningful projects, generating new ideas, designing prototypes and constantly refining through an iterative process.
CAML Academy is committed to providing a STEM-rich environment where students are able to have a great time while learning.
We know you have choices when it comes to your child's education. That's why our classes are created and led by knowledgeable and experienced instructors. Most of our teachers have, or are currently completing, a university degree in computer science or other STEM field.


In Stitches would be happy to finish your quilt for you with the use of our long arm machine. Turn around is fairly quick- 3-4 weeks at most. Up to 8 weeks during peak holiday seasons. We have dozens of pantographs to chose from or custom quilting depending on the pattern of your quilt. The cost for the majority of pantographs are .025 per square inch of quilt. So, for example, if you have a queen sized quilt that measures 90"x 100" your price would be about $225. If you have the same sized quilt that needs custom quilting, the price starts at .03 per square inch, or about $270. I have done very intricate work for many clients and those prices can go as high as .05/sq. inch. Very simple pantographs are billed at .020 cent per square inch so the price would be $180. You decide how much quilting you want and the price you are willing to pay. Thread, batting and backing are extra. If you need extra work done, like piecing the back or applying the binding, extra charges are incurred. We can help you decide what type of quilting your quilt may need. Not all quilts are candidates for custom quilting- it depends on the fabric print and style of pattern.
The following are the guidelines for renting time on In Stitches Quilt Shop's Nolting Long Arm Machine.
Renter must participate in a beginner long arm class before renting the machine.
-The class will be limited to no more than 3 people.
-Will cover a 3-4 hour time period.
-It will include a large quilt sandwich for everyone to practice stitching on.
-You will need to bring a small quilt of your own no larger than a small crib size to quilt with your backing and batting. You will be sewing a large pantograph on your quilt or table runner due to time constraints. Please keep in mind you are practicing and not quilting something that you have in mind for a gift.
In class you will learn how to thread the machine, how to fill a bobbin, how to layer the backing, batting and quilt properly on the machine, quilting pantographs vs. free motion, how to start and stop the machine. Zippers will also be available to use when you rent. You can purchase or rent the zippers.
There will be a skill review at the end of class. If additional time is needed, the cost is $20/hour for a one on one session.
Valet service will be available when you rent the machine. The cost is $25 and will include the following: loading of the backing, batting and quilt top onto the machine, full bobbins will be loaded for you and the machine will be threaded with thread color of your choice. The thread, quilt top, backing and batting must be dropped off a minimum of one day before your rental time. This is an optional service but it does cut down on the time to load your quilt during your rental when you can be sewing.
Zippers will also cut down on the time it takes to load the quilt. You need to sew or pin the zipper onto your quilt top before your rental time. Then you can just zip it onto the frame.
If you are quilting a large quilt like a queen or king and decide to do custom quilting, it is recommended that you rent a full day and 2 hours the day after your rental time to finish your quilt. It is not recommended to remove the quilt before the quilting is finished. If you are doing a pantograph or using the computer, you can finish a queen sized quilt within a days rental.
Thread will not be included in your rental fee. Thread charts are available for you to chose from. Cone thread is required. We need 7 business days notice to special order colors in for your quilt before your rental. Sew Fine, Omni, Rainbow or King Tut threads by Superior Threads are preferred for this machine. In Stitches will carry basic colors for bobbin and top threads.
There is a $30 cancellation free if cancelled within 24 hours. This is because someone else may have wanted to use the machine on your date and could not because you booked that time.
You may send a substitute quilter in your place if: it is less than 24 hours before your appointment, if you notify In Stitches and they have taken the introductory class within 6 months.
Renter agrees to not adjust the tension, remove thread jams or replace needles without help from In Stitches.
Renter agrees to operate In Stitches Quilt Shops Nolting Long Arm machine and studio equipment at their own risk. Renter will not hold In Stitches Quilt Shop responsible for any injury caused to their person or damage caused to their quilt due to faulty operations.
Renter agrees to pay for any repairs or replacement of parts damaged while in operation caused by the renter.


UCLA looks forward to welcoming a diverse and inter-generational group of about 100 scholars to UCLA for its 2-day Collaborative Multiracial Post-Election Survey (CMPS) Summer Research Workshop and Planning Meeting. This Workshop will be held at the UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs, August 8-10, 2018.
The 2016 CMPS was the first cooperative, 100% user content driven, multi-racial, multi-ethnic, multi-lingual, post-election online survey in race, ethnicity and politics (REP) in the United States. Researchers queried more than 10,000 people in five languages — English, Spanish, Chinese, Korean and Vietnamese. To include the most comprehensive list of over 350 electoral, civic and policy-related survey questions, a team of 86 contributors from 55 colleges and universities across 18 academic disciplines contributed question content.
This Workshop will provide CMPS users with an outlet to present their research to a broad group of researchers both inside and outside of academia. Workshop events will range from research presentations as well as planning and brainstorming sessions as we gear up for the CMPS 2020. Presentations will feature cross-racial comparative data analysis, from a diverse and inter-generational group of CMPS users from across the country.
For more information, please visit the CMPS website, http://cmpsurvey.org/.
same seqjence of unique events occur in the exact same unique order.
on their distance from your viewer.
Nice idea.. this is really helpful for the concerned.
This might actually start your 'exposure gateway' to major news search websites.
it can certainly be a lot of efforts as well.


noun, plural li·brae [lahy-bree, lee-brahy] /ˈlaɪ bri, ˈli braɪ/.
noun, plural li·bras [lee-vrahs] /ˈli vrɑs/.
noun, genitive Li·brae [lee-brahy, lahy-bree] /ˈli braɪ, ˈlaɪ bri/ for 1.
Astronomy. the Balance, a zodiacal constellation between Virgo and Serpens.
the seventh sign of the zodiac: the cardinal air sign.
Also Li·bran.a person born under this sign, usually between September 23rd and October 22nd.
BORN THIS WEEK Viggo Mortensen (October 20, 1958) Libra is the cardinal-air sign, which translates to light.
Libra women embody this ancient goddess, self-entitled to cast their judgments as instruments of justice.
Control issues come into focus as Saturn forms a cluster in Libra with Venus, Mercury and the Sun.
C agrees with neither, having 20 for 10, but agreeing with A as to libra.
Libra, the Balance, is one of the "signs" of the Zodiac, but originally formed the claws of the Scorpion.
The scales of Libra shall hang obliquely, till Aries puts his crooked horns under them.
They will find their best friends among those born under Capricorn and Libra.
Hydra is about 100° in length and reaches almost from Canis Minor to Libra.
zodiac constellation, late Old English, from Latin libra, literally "pound, balance," from Mediterranean base *lithra- "a scale." Nativized in Old Norse as skala-merki.
A constellation in the Southern Hemisphere near Scorpius and Virgo. Libra (the Scales or Balance) is the seventh sign of the zodiac.


Artist, bibliophile, DIY devotee. Originated in Canada, studied fine art and book publishing before moving on to an MSc in Medical Art. Stef works as a freelance medical illustrator and graphic designer in Berlin and is interested in what lies at the crossroads of art and anatomy. She has held a real human eyeball in her hand on more than one occasion and not been arrested for it.


A new On-Line Analyzer providing monitoring and control capability for water fluoridation systems is now available from Analytical Technology Inc., of Oaks, Pa. Fluoride is added to many municipal water systems in an effort to improve dental health in the community. A fluoride concentration of about 1 ppm is considered optimum, while fluoride levels above 2 ppm are undesirable. Control of the chemical feed system to maintain the desired concentration is normally done by simple flow-proportioning.


text:
University of New Haven International Admissions
Program Description: The IA program offers merit scholarships to academically-qualified undergraduate students who wish to purse their bachelor's studies in the fields of arts, sciences, business, computers, engineering and criminal justice. Scholarships range from $10,000 to $20,000 per year. The IA program also offers a limited number of 50% tuition scholarships for graduate students who wish to study engineering and computer science and MBA.
Website: www.newhaven.edu/admissions/international
Host Institution Name: University of New Haven
Host City: West Haven
Host State: Connecticut
Award Types:
Avg. Award Amount: $10,000-$20,000
Number of Awards: Varies
Award Coverage: Tuition.
Award Duration: 4 years
Award Deadline: June 1 for fall semester. Nov. 1 for spring semester.
Award Notification Month: Varies
Requirements 1: Must have a minimum GPA of 2.7 out of 4.0 at the time of application.
Requirements 2: TOEFL 80 IBT / IELTS 6.5.
Contact: University of New Haven
Joseph F. Spellman
Senior Director of International Admissions
Phone #: +1 (203) 932-7441
Instructions: Visit website or email for complete details on applying.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Few questions about hello world, instance variables and constructors (Java student) I am a new java student and we are writing our first application.
I would like to clear up any confusion I have before I get to deep into these chapters.
Here is my sample code:
public class HelloWorld
{
    // Instance Variable?
    private String textToPrint;
    //main method
    public static void main(String [] args)
    {
        //Creating first object from our helloworld.java class
        HelloWorld myObject = new HelloWorld("Hello, World!");
        // This is calling our method printText() created below, this knows to
        myObject.printText();
    }
    // Constructor
    public HelloWorld(String text)
    {
        // initialise instance variables
        textToPrint = text;
    }
    // First Method
    public void printText()
    {
        System.out.print(textToPrint);
    }
}

Questions:

*

*Why do I need to place my instance variable above my main method?
     - Why is this not inside like a local variable?

*We passed in parameters inside the constructor (String Text), but
why doesn't the bottom method have parameters inside of printText()?

*Is the constructor needed in a class when defining objects of that
class?

*Check out my other classes when I remove the constructor, object.
I'm very fuzzy on the point of a constructor, is still fuzzy to me
about why we need to use it?

Example:
If I remove the constructor I can still pass in a local variable of "Test" into the parentheses of the System.out.println() method.
    public class Testing
    {
       public static void main(String [] args)
       {
           String test = "Hello world";
           System.out.println(test);
       }

    }

or simply
    public class Simple
    {
        public static void main(String [] args)
        {
        System.out.println("Hello, World!");
        }
    }

Both above do not have an object or a method so I'm assuming the constructor is used to help define these?
Suggest some friendly tips for a soon to be java programmer.
Another edit for my fist comment below:
My current understanding of OOP.

*

*Class = Doors

*Creating an Object = Copy the class and ability to tweak the type of door, such as wooden or metal.

*Method = Closing/Opening the door

What would a constructor do to help this above?

A: *

*Instance variables are placed outside any class methods body. Instance variables can be used by all methods of a class (unless these methods are static)#. It's a personal preference whether to place them at top/bottom, but it's recommended by Java style guidelines to place them on top. So follow it.

*public void printText() doesn't have to, because it only cares about the member variable textToPrint, which is accessible on this class (see #)

*A default constructor (constructor that has no arguments) is automatically created if you don't write your own constructor. Read this for more information - There is no answer better than the tutorial.

*When you need to initialize the state of a new Object, you need a constructor. Refer to the examples in the tutorial to better understand this.

A:
*

*The instance variables are placed outside of methods as they shall be available to the whole object/instance. Placing variable inside a method makes them a local variable, which makes it only accessible from inside the method. So when multiple methods try to access the same value, an instance variable is usually first choice.

*As you already passed the text to the instance via the constructor your printText-method doesn't need any parameters anymore. As the text is stored in an instance variable it can simply access it at a later time (when printText is called).

*Yes, a constructor is needed in a class. This does not mean that you have to code it yourself. If you do not code a constructor, a default constructor will be inserted automatically that looks like this:

public HelloWorld() { super(); }

*I guess you are a little confused about static calls. Static methods call be called even though you don't have an object of the respective class. System.out.println("Hello, World!"); for example is such a static call. Constructors are neccessary to define the way, how objects are created. Therefore they are omnipresent in every class. If you just don't build your own custom constructor that usually means, that no initial stuff must be done during instantiation.

  I hope, this can help you somehow. It is definitely hard to understand all the object oriented concepts at first sight and it felt even harder for me to explain it.

A: *

*This is a question of the scope. You want to be able to access the variable here again: public void printText()
{
    System.out.print(textToPrint);
}
this is why you declare it at the beginning and not in the main function.

*Is just the conclusion of answer number 1: YOu do not need to pass it a variable, because textToPrint is an instance variable

Good Luck with your studies! :)

A: Here some answers:

*

*You don't need to place this variable at all, if you don't want to do so. You can pass them always from one methode to the other.

*Because it is saved in the variable textToPrint which is avaible during the whole livetime of the objec myObject and alredy set in the constructor. You clould pass it on the call of the methode if you perefer to do so

*There is a default constructor. If you don't write one, this one will be used.

*Yes, you can do it simply like you done it in the last example. But i guess the idea of the exercise was to show you the different ways to build your applikation


Really loving the gorgeous die cuts included in this month's Bookish TN kit!! I used a few of them, with a couple of phrases I stamped with the kit stamp, over the pattern paper. On the right side, I added photos to illustrate the things I was loving, feeling, and wishing for at the moment. I typed my journaling on vellum and adhered it to the die cut on the opposite page. A few of the word phrases completed this spread!


This retaining strap, also called a shag strap is used to assist an employee in returning carts from the parking lot. It allows a person to keep better control of the shopping carts and prevents the shopping carts from separating. It is 8 feet long. It has a loop on one end and a sturdy hook on the other.


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Caruthers Park, officially Elizabeth Caruthers Park, is a park located in South Waterfront, Portland, Oregon. Acquired in 2009, the park is named after Oregon pioneer Elizabeth Caruthers. The park includes a bocce court, public art, "splash pad", and unpaved paths.

See also
 List of parks in Portland, Oregon

References

External links

2009 establishments in Oregon
Parks in Portland, Oregon
Protected areas established in 2009
Urban public parks
South Portland, Portland, Oregon


This piece contains over 15,000 LEGO elements with over 70 hours of work.
In Nichiren Diashonin Buddhism, the lotus flower is used to symbolize cause and effect because it blooms and seeds at the same time. The idea is the actions you take today will determine your tomorrow or the actions you took yesterday or days past determine your circumstances today.
The lotus flower is also a metaphor for life. Lotus flowers grow and bloom in muddy water. Their stems have to go through the muck so their flowers can break through the surface and bloom into a beautiful flower. Such is our lives, only when we challenge ourselves do we grow and reveal our true authentic nature.
In this piece, to create the illusion of muddy water, I used 1x1 clear slopes or cheese slopes on top of shades of green, yellow, tan and brown. This piece has over 20,000 LEGO elements. Even the frame is made of LEGO.
Questions or interested in purchasing? Please leave your details below and we will get in touch with you.


This paper proposes a new topological configuration for a unified power quality conditioner (UPQC). Generally, the power structure of the three-phase three-wire UPQC consists of two back-to-back connected six-switch inverters. For this configuration, out of 12 switches, six of the series inverter switches will be underutilized most of the time. To improve the semiconductor utilization and consequently to reduce the total switch count, this paper proposes a new reduced switch topology for the UPQC. The proposed topology is realized using only ten switches and retains all the performance merits of the 12-switch UPQC while minimizing its underutilization without increasing the switch VA rating. The paper provides a detailed analytical study and evaluation by comparing the proposed topology with the twelve- and nine-switch-based UPQC system configurations. The feasibility of the proposed topology is validated through experimental investigation.


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January 30, 2023 January 30, 2023 by Ann Dolin
I use the term "executive functioning skills" on pretty much a daily basis. I use the term when talking to parents on the phone or at parent workshops, in emailing back and forth with tutors and coaches, and even when writing my weekly blog.
But when speaking with a friend recently, I mentioned executive functioning skills. She looked at me with a look of pure confusion, like I just spurted out Mandarin. It dawned on me that the term "executive functioning skills" is not an everyday term, but I think that it should be in every parent and teacher's vocabulary.
What are executive functioning skills?
To begin, we'll need to get a little bit technical. You may remember from freshman-level psychology that the brain has different parts that control different actions. For example, the occipital lobe in the back of the head controls vision. Executive functions are located in the Dorsal lateral pre-frontal cortex, or in plain English, in the frontal lobe.
This portion of the brain controls our ability to solve problems and regulates our emotions. This part of our brain isn't fully developed until early adulthood.
The term executive functions is an umbrella term for the control and management of cognitive processes, such as:
Task switching
Every person's executive functions develop at different rates, with most people having a fully developed brain by their mid-twenties. This is actually the reason why you're not able to rent a car until you are 25!
Everyone has executive functioning skills, but just like the ability to play a musical instrument, some people's skills are more developed and stronger than those of others.
This is why sisters, Jackie and Jamie, may look similar on the outside but act very differently.
Jamie may have stronger or more developed executive functioning skills, allowing her to be organized, promptly get started on homework when necessary, and keep track of her assignments and homework.
Jackie, on the other hand, may have poor executive functioning skills leading to a string of incomplete assignments on her report card and a locker or bedroom that looks like it belongs on an episode of Hoarders.
What are executive functioning skills versus ADHD?
If you are a parent with a child, like Jackie, at home or a teacher with someone, like Jackie, in your class, it's highly likely that at one point, the four letters A-D-H-D have popped into your mind. It is important to understand the relationship between ADHD and executive functioning skills because it is a tricky one, and there are a lot of common misconceptions.
The simplest way to look at ADHD and executive functions is to picture a line graph. On the left-hand side, you have kids like Jamie. Jamie has strong executive functioning skills. She is able to regulate her attention, keep herself organized, plan ahead for assignments, and manage the paper flow to and from school.
In the middle of this line, you have students who may be like Jackie. They are children with poor executive functioning skills, meaning the things that come easy to Jamie are an everyday struggle for students like Jackie.
Finally, all the way on the right, you have students with ADHD. These are children who have been diagnosed with ADHD by a psychologist or a pediatrician.
In other words, it is possible for a student to have poor executive functioning skills but not have ADHD, but it is not possible to have ADHD and strong executive functioning skills.
How do executive functioning skills impact academic performance?
Going back to Jackie and Jamie, it is easy to imagine how successful Jamie would be in the classroom. Since organization, attention, and planning ahead come easily to her, she can always remember to turn in assignments and focus on studying. But it's clear that for Jackie, school would be an uphill battle.
While the concept of executive functions may be a complicated one, there is one simple fact: strong executive functioning skills are absolutely vital for long-term success in school. Even if Jackie had an easier time absorbing content, she will likely hit a wall once she hits high school or maybe even college.
In fact, proceeded only by financial strain, anxiety, and the inability to juggle coursework is the top reason why students leave college prematurely.
Can you teach executive functioning skills?
If you have a student with weak executive functioning skills, there is good news. First, these are skills that develop over time as the brain matures. Second, these are skills that can be taught just like any other skill with the help of a good coach. That's where we come in.
How We Help Elementary School Students Build Executive Function Skills
Elementary school is a critical time for students to develop foundational executive function (EF) skills, which are the keys to success in school and life!
Through a research-based curriculum with a hand-selected coach, we introduce elementary-aged students to the core concepts of executive function. Our virtual lessons include how to:
Follow directions and gain awareness of expected behaviors
Set goals and stay on task
Manage time and learn how to keep organized
Learn how to break assignments into smaller parts
Think flexibly and build a growth mindset
Focus and strengthen working memory
Learn how to cope with strong emotions
Monitor their own progress and develop self-reflection skills
Strengthening these skills will ensure better outcomes for your child both in and out of the classroom.
How We Help Middle and High School Students Build Executive Function Skills
Our Executive Function Coaching for middle school and high school-aged students is a unique, research-based program to help your child master the skills they need to get organized, manage their time well, study effectively, and stay motivated.
Our coaches structure every session around four steps to empower your child to practice self-reflection, build a toolkit of strategies that work for them, and develop effective habits for lasting change:
Step 1: Check the student's upcoming assignments and tests
Step 2: Have students write down or put all upcoming assignments and tests in a calendar
Step 3: Complete assignments together
Step 4: Reflect and think ahead (including learning how to anticipate challenges and how to "get unstuck")
Find Your Child's EF Coach
Categories Executive Function Coaching, ADHD, Organization


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Teaching Artist Spotlight: Faustinus Deraet
Unlike many of our Teaching Artists, Faustinus Deraet's relationship with art did not start at a young age. In fact, it started at the unlikeliest life juncture: while Faustinus was working as a sales executive at IBM.
"I realized that I spent I don't know how many years of my life without loving what I was doing and with photography, I have this kind of passion for," says Deraet, who was born in Belgium and grew up in Mexico.
His interest in photography was tripped when a visiting friend mentioned wanting to study the medium.
"I said, you know, that sounds kind of cool. But why photography and then I remembered that a picture is worth 1000 words. I realized it's not true. It's worth many thousand feelings."
Starting out, Faustinus used film, cameras, including a Holga, which, along with his point and shoot, he calls toys – perhaps an indication of the joy he gets from shooting.
As film became too expensive a medium to maintain and to travel overseas with, he moved over to a digital format, but tried to maintain the lesson that film taught him about the value of a single shot.
"Now it's only about making a click," he says. "Everybody's just like click, click, click, click, click, click, click."
At least for me, I shoot for the nice feeling of capturing something and expressing myself and learning a lot about myself."
He teaches his students that photography can be the same vessel of self-expression for them as it is for him. Like he does in his own practice, he encourages them to worry less about getting the "right photo."
"It's amazing the things that you can see without realizing that you're shooting," he says. He tells parents that they can look at their children's images and understand things about them that they're unable to articulate at their young age.
This power of photography to express submerged feeling is why he called his most recent exhibit featuring street photography "Chilango* Subconscious." It is now on view at the Dougherty Arts Center through June 9.
Teaching Artist Spotlight: Liza
Liza Fishbone joined Creative Action last fall, teaching After School at Harris Elementary and IDEA…
Help Kids Understand Voting Rights On MLK Day
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was a leader in the Civil Rights Movement, advocating for equality and fair voting rights. Let's honor his work by teaching young people about voting rights!
Keep Kids Creative Week w/ Creative Action
We are happy to celebrate Keep Kids Creative Week during a time when out-of-the-box thinking…


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Damián Ortega
1967, Mexico City, Mexico
Lives and works in Mexico City, Mexico
Damián Ortega's work reveals his long engagement with architecture, informal construction and systems of communication.
Often concerned with restricted areas and the boundaries that define physical and intellectual territories, particularly those that can be easily violated, Damian Ortega's work could be described as a gesture which becomes form through the use of daily objects or materials.
Ortega's solo exhibitions include Cosmogonía doméstica, Explanada del Museo Jumex, Mexico City (2013); Apestraction, Freud Museum, London (2013); Tool Bit, Pinchuk Art Centre, Kiev, Ukraine (2011); Going International, Flag Art Foundation, New York (2010); New commission for The Curve, Barbican Center, London (2010); Do It Yourself, Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston (2009); Centre Pompidou, Paris (2008); Damián Ortega: The Beetle Trilogy and Other Works, REDCAT, Los Angeles (2005); Kunsthalle Basel, Switzerland (2004) and Cosmic Thing, Institute of Contemporary Art, Philadelphia, USA (2002).
He has participated in various group shows including the Venice Biennale (2013); America Latina, Foundation Cartier, Paris (2013); México Inside Out: Themes in Art Since 1990, Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth, USA (2013); La Persistencia de la geometría, Museo Universitario de Arte Contemporaneo, Mexico City (2013); Havana Biennale, Cuba (2012); Kadist: Pathways into a Collection, Minsheng Art Museum, Shanghai (2012); Going International, Flag Art Foundation, New York (2011); XIV Biennale Internazionale di Scultura di Carrara, Carrara, Italy (2010); Contemplating the Void, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York (2010); Escultura Social: A New Generation of Art From México, Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago (2007); Sao Paulo Biennial (2006); Espacios de paisaje y memoria, La Casa Encendida, Madrid (2004); Made in Mexico, Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston (2004); MoMA PS1, New York (2004) and Venice Biennale (2003).
Sharjah Biennial 12: Guidebook
This publication is a guide for visitors of Sharjah Biennial 12: The past, the present, the possible.
Talking Wall
Talking Wall (2015) continues Damián Ortega's long engagement with architecture, informal construction and systems of communication


The framework has been designed for public sector customers with a full end to end travel service. Therefore the framework only has one lot and all appointed providers are Travel Management Companies (TMCs).
TMCs provide cost-effective solutions when booking and organising business travel. They have leading tools enabiling customers to manage and fulfil duty of care requirements.
Lot 1 - The provision of an online booking tool and an offline booking service for all business travel requirements and additional support services.
Customers can enter in to a call off agreement with an approved provider following a direct ward or a further competition. YPO's recommendation is to use Direct Award wherever possible, due to the extensive assessment of the suppliers at the evaluation stage.
To select the right TMC, customers can request demonstrations of the online booking tools to check the service provision before making a decision, recordings of the TMC's online booking tools are available on request.
Please sign in or register to view the secure documents associated with this framework.
Online booking service - accommodation booking, rail booking, air booking, provide assistance and advice to customers and travellers who may be effected by unforeseen events, tailor booking tool to reflect travel policies.
Social values and sustainable requirements.
When you hear the word travel, you instantly think of your annual holiday away from work and responsibilities, or the dreaded commute to and from the office. But what is business travel?
Often, organisations within the public or not-for-profit sector are up against tight budgets and are constantly being driven to improve efficiencies and create savings wherever possible. Travel is an area where these types of savings can be easily achieved.
There are lots of things to think about during implementation, and considering your new travel management company (TMC) is supposed to be making life easier for you, it can at first seem daunting. We're here to help.
Although your TMC will be working to make things as simple as possible, there is still some work required at your end too. By far, the most successful implementations are the ones where clients have been engaged throughout. Here's some best practice advice to follow if you're an organisation implementing a new TMC.
Now you know what's expected of your organisation when implementing a new travel management company (TMC), let's look forward a bit at how to get the right training in order to make transition as smooth as possible and quickly begin seeing the full benefits of your new travel partnership.
We have recently recorded online booking tool demonstrations from each supplier, giving an overview of their booking tool and how to use it, followed by Q&A's at the end. To view these demonstrations please complete and return the NDA.
The University of Bradford is one of the world's top 200 most international universities, with 15% of students joining from abroad. Suffering from an outmoded travel procurement process and out of policy bookings, the University of Bradford looked to Diversity Travel for expert advice and efficiency improvements.
With three colleges, 12 schools and over 2,500 staff within its academic profile and a turnover of over £180million, the University of Salford has a truly global impact. International students come from over 100 countries to study at the University. Diversity Travel started working with the University of Salford in February 2016.
We're a different kind of travel management company – one that listens to client needs, values innovation in development and solves client problems with brilliant simplicity. Our mission is to reduce the cost and complexity of travel management.
Corporate Travel Management, otherwise known as CTM and – in the north of England – formerly known as Redfern. Redfern was a Bradford-based travel management company acquired by top ten global TMC Corporate Travel Management in December 2016, thanks to its incredibly strong online presence, its innovative and highly-skilled team and its expertise in managing travel for public sector and UK domestic accounts.
We are an award-winning specialist Travel Management Company providing a unique and comprehensive travel service to charity, academic and not-for-profit organisations globally.


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Student and Staff Resources
PSU » Student Affairs » Profiles » Alumni Profile: Casey Rice '94
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Alumni Profile: Casey Rice '94
Bikes and Portland; the two go hand-in-hand. Bicycling is a critical part of our infrastructure, and the preferred method form of commuting for students, professionals, artists, and everyone in between. Portland State recently moved from 'silver' to 'gold' in the Bicycle Friendly University ratings from the League of American Bicyclists, just one of the many contributors to PSU's Climate Leadership Award announced on June 5, 2013.
So, with all of those bicycles that we use to get around, where do we put them? When Portland State University sought the answer to this question, Casey Rice, ' 94, had a solution.
Casey was born and raised in Portland, and in spite of travels elsewhere he hasn't been able to stay away for long. He experienced a stint in snowy Colorado, studied music in Eugene, and tried Berklee College of Music in Boston for a few years. But he realized that music was a passion for him, not a profession, and returned to Portland to enroll in PSU for a general studies degree.
Classes in sociology, psychology, and philosophy provided an awakening for Casey, and the school quickly became a home for him. He remembers the days fondly: "It was one of the first times I had been exposed to open group discussions about many different topics, and that really got me thinking for myself."
Without scholarship support, Casey turned to the skills that originally had led him to leave Portland: his musicianship. He taught guitar lessons to help pay for school, and like many students also turned to family for help. Their commitment to Casey and belief in PSU allowed him to complete his degree. Casey remains effusive when speaking about his parents' contribution: "An education is simply one of the best gifts that parents can give their children."
After graduation, Casey spent time in the wireless industry and then went on to start his own contracting business, which included rehabilitating houses. It was then that he heard Huntco, a commercial site furnishing company, was up for sale. He jumped at the chance to take over Huntco in 2000, and has spent the past thirteen years expanding their bicycle rack line, and added steel benches, trash receptacles, and bicycle lockers to their repertoire. That point is where PSU and Casey reconnected, and everyone that bikes to the University was positively impacted.
PSU sought to create a new bike rack infrastructure around campus, and Casey came forward with a plan that stood apart. The racks were simple by design, and matched an already-present style on campus and around Portland. Huntco and PSU created a partnership that has lasted for many years and built a valuable, environmentally progressive resource for everyone who bikes around our city.
This spring Huntco donated a unique PSU-themed bike rack that can be seen in front of the Simon Benson House home of the PSU Alumni office. "Portland State has been a great supporter of the local bicycle community and has purchased many bike racks from us over the years." Casey states affectionately. "Being local and an alum, I had an interest in doing my part to support the University's efforts. The PSU-themed bike rack was my way to say thank you for supporting a small local company like mine, encouraging bike-commuting, and showing what we can do to add some interest to bike parking."
Casey is clear that his time at PSU helped shape him in myriad ways. He reflects thoughtfully: "My experience at PSU taught me to be patient, work well with others, not try to do everything yourself, and put your faith in good people." He's equally positive about what PSU continues to offer current students. "Don't limit yourself to a small group of classes." Casey says, "Branch out and take classes that you may not be familiar with. It is often through these opportunities that we find out what our passions are and what our true make-up is."
John Hall, Economics faculty, chaired and served as the discussant for the session "Advancing the Progressive Ideal by Reshaping the Role of State and Market" organized for the recent American Economic Association meeting in San Diego, California. »
Jack Straton, Physics and University Studies faculty, had two of his photographs chosen to be part of the 2019 311 Gallery BLACK and WHITE Juried Show in Raleigh, North Carolina, from Nov. 1-29. »
Alissa J. Hartig, Applied Linguistics faculty, received a Global Legal Skills Award in recognition of her scholarship and work to improve our understanding of the intersections between law and language. »
Meet Chennettée Jelleberg »
Access Counselor and Consultant in the Disability Resource Center


Rust and corrosion also is a problem your metal frame. After some three years of use, the tendency is they become brittle and easily deteriorate and break.
You will see various types of metal bed frames that are made-up of different kinds of metals pertaining to example steel iron, brass, aluminum and satin-nickel. All these metals are been for the casting the frames of metal beds. There is wider range furnishing beds to choose, suitable to the interior of one's room. Also as will be the major numerous designs and patterns, detail work available within footboards and headboards. You can select them as per your decorative taste.
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Such innovative form of popular beds is generally mounted on four stretched poles. The second and third bunk (or many) will be reached the brand new help of ladders. Won't be done in certain precautions are concerned, the top bunk bed comes equipped with long railings to avoid any fall outs. For the smaller and your middle bunks, curtains include the orders on the day for being to maintain sleeper's personal privacy. As for record, the social bookmark creating bunk beds lie in the fact the player are widespread on ships, prison cells, hostels, residence halls yet others.
I was buying around the 4th of July this year and I noticed "Back again to School" product or service sales. I can not imagine people today are taking into consideration "back to school" at the starting of July. College has hardly been out two schedule. It utilised to be that we did even if it's just feel about heading to be able to school right until the middle of Aug .. Back again to college implies new pencils, backpacks, notebooks, clothes, personal computers and, extra college merchandise. But, if your son or daughter is going off to highschool or starting up a new career in a different town, it can also suggest furnishings for dorm everyday life or apartment everyday being located. Most colleges provide beds but, those who are in the marketplace for dorm or smaller apartment variety beds, consider a bunk bed, loft bed, or also a futon bunk.
Safety is an essential of all factors to consider when obtaining a bunk bed. Safety place that is obvious as bunk beds have the prospect to be dangerous to whoever sleeps in them especially for that person at the base. In order to your own kids be secure from day to day you should check the joints and areas from where the bed can lose form and cause accident. It's also wise to check for loose hinges, nuts, bolts and other connections. Replace and repair parts that appear loose or damaged gone.


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Published: August 23, 2018, 11:03 am
Tags: News, Local Athlete, Olympics, Sports, Harris County, Local
Simone Biles talks about gymnastics championship: 'I am human'
Simone Biles smiles during day four of the U.S. Gymnastics Championships 2018 at TD Garden on August 19, 2018 in Boston, Massachusetts. (Photo by Tim Bradbury/Getty Images) (Getty Images)
On the "Today Show", Simone Biles opened up about the U.S. Women's Gymnastics Championships, regular life and her boyfriend.
On Sunday, Biles became the first woman to win five all-around titles.
"Today Show" anchor Savannah Guthrie, with admiration, asked the Olympian if she's human.
"I am human," Biles responded, "Sometimes what I do I don't feel human. I don't feel normal, but we make it normal."
Biles proudly wore teal for the interview, as she did on Sunday for the championships, symbolizing her support for sexual abuse survivors and the scandal within the sport.
Biles also bragged about her boyfriend, Stacie Ervin.
"We've been dating for over a year now and he's great and he actually got to come out to Boston to support me, so I couldn't ask for a better boyfriend," Biles said.
The Olympic champion said for fun she likes to go to the beach, go dancing, bowl and hang out with her girlfriends for Taco Tuesday.
As for the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, Biles humbly said competing is the plan.


Mr. and Mrs. Klaus G. Perls, New York; gift 1996 to NGA.
Alexander Calder: The Collection of Mr. and Mrs. Klaus G. Perls, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., 1997, no. 23, color repro.
Alexander Calder: The Collection of Mr. and Mrs. Klaus G. Perls. Exh. cat. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1997: no. 23.