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Photo: Julie Denesha/Getty ImagesPhoto: Julie Denesha/Getty Images
Chelsea Manning Could Face Additional Punishment for Her Suicide Attempt
Military officials are considering filing charges in connection with Chelsea Manning's suicide attempt that could make the terms of her imprisonment much more punitive — possibly including indefinite solitary confinement.
July 28 2016, 10:51 p.m.
U.S. Army whistleblower Chelsea Manning tried to kill herself on July 5 in her cell at Fort Leavenworth military prison. Now, military officials are considering filing charges in connection to the suicide attempt that could make the terms of her imprisonment much more punitive — including indefinite solitary confinement — while possibly denying her any chance of receiving parole.
According to a charge sheet posted by the American Civil Liberties Union, Manning was informed by military officials on Thursday that she is under investigation for "resisting the force cell move team," "prohibited property," and "conduct which threatens." In the weeks following her suicide attempt, she has been active on social media, thanking her followers for their moral support.
Manning's treatment in prison since her 2010 arrest has repeatedly generated outrage among civil liberties advocates. The punitive tactics that have been employed against her include stripping her naked in her cell on a nightly basis, extended solitary confinement, and denial of medical necessities like eyeglasses. In 2011, then-State Department spokesperson P.J. Crowley publicly described Manning's treatment in prison as "ridiculous, counterproductive, and stupid."
Following a 14-month investigation into Manning's treatment by the United Nations special rapporteur on torture, the U.N. accused the U.S. government of holding Manning in conditions that constituted "cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment," particularly with regard to the extended use of pretrial solitary confinement. The harsh measures the military has employed during Manning's detention have led to suspicions that the government is attempting make an example of her over her whistleblowing activities.
The latest threat to charge Manning with offenses related to her own attempted suicide seems to be proceeding in the same spirit of abusive treatment.
"The government has long been aware of Chelsea's distress associated with the denial of medical care related to her gender transition and yet delayed and denied the treatment recognized as necessary," ACLU attorney Chase Strangio said in a statement. "Now, while Chelsea is suffering the darkest depression she has experienced since her arrest, the government is taking actions to punish her for that pain. It is unconscionable and we hope that the investigation is immediately ended and that she is given the health care that she needs to recover."
In a statement released by Manning after her 2013 guilty plea on espionage charges, she asked for a pardon and said that she had been motivated by moral outrage over details of U.S. military killings and torture of civilians in Iraq. "In our zeal to kill the enemy, we internally debated the definition of torture," she said. "If you deny my request for a pardon, I will serve my time knowing that sometimes you have to pay a heavy price to live in a free society."
Manning is currently six years into serving a 35-year sentence.
Top photo: Fort Leavenworth.
Murtaza Hussain[email protected]theintercept.com@mazmhussain


Microsoft has launched a software patch for Surface RT owners whose tablets were rendered useless following problems installing the new Windows RT 8.1 update.
The software giant was forced to take down the update this weekend, citing an unspecified 'situation,' amid reports it was bricking some Surface RT tablets.
Today Microsoft released a statement, claiming the issue only affected 1 in 1,000 who attempted to install the update, which arrived just last week promising to remedy a host of perceived flaws.
The company has "made recovery media available to download" alongside the instructions for restoring the tablets back to its Windows RT.
Significantly, the issue is yet to be resolved as Microsoft has stopped short of making the 8.1 update available for download again.
What was all that one in a thousand talk?
In its statement, Microsoft wrote: "Based on our investigations of a situation customers have encountered updating to Windows RT 8.1, we can confirm that as of now this is a Windows update issue only affecting Surface RT customers.
"While only less than 1 out of every 1,000 (or less than 0.1%) Surface RT customers who have installed Windows RT 8.1 have been impacted, improving their experience and ensuring their systems are fully operable as quickly as possible is our number one priority.
"We have made recovery media available for download along with actionable guidance for affected customers. We continue to work towards making the Windows RT 8.1 update available in the Windows Store again and apologise for any inconvenience. Further updates will be provided as they become available."
The Windows RT 8.1 snafu was probably the worst case scenario for Microsoft as it seeks to rescue the tablet-friendly OS from the bring of obscurity.
The company has been urged by its hardware partners to drop the OS completely, while manufacturers have all but abandoned the platform to focus on full-fat Windows 8 devices.


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text:
module.exports = function(grunt) {
  grunt.initConfig({
    pkg: grunt.file.readJSON( 'package.json' ),

    watch: {
      karma:  {
        files: ['lib/**/*.js', 'test/**/*.js'],
        tasks: ['simplemocha']
      }
    },

    simplemocha: {
      options: {
        globals: ['should'],
        timeout: 3000,
        ignoreLeaks: false,
        ui: 'bdd',
        reporter: 'tap'
      },
      all: { src: ['test/**/*.js'] }
    },

    mocha_istanbul: {
      coverage: {
        src: 'test', // a folder works nicely
        options: {
          mask: '*.js'
        }
      }
    },

    istanbul_check_coverage: {
      default: {
        options: {
          coverageFolder: 'coverage*', // will check both coverage folders and merge the coverage results
          check: {
            lines: 95,
            statements: 95
          }
        }
      }
    }

  });

  grunt.loadNpmTasks('grunt-contrib-watch');
  grunt.loadNpmTasks('grunt-simple-mocha');
  grunt.loadNpmTasks('grunt-mocha-istanbul');

  // Default task(s).
  grunt.registerTask('default', ['mocha_istanbul:coverage', 'istanbul_check_coverage']);
};

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: MSVC localtime vs localtime_s I'm using MSVS 2008, and have a problem with time conversions.
This works fine:
time_t rawtime;
struct tm * timeinfo;
time (&rawtime);
timeinfo = localtime (&rawtime);
strftime (LBUF, 256, "Timestamp = %A, %d/%m/%Y %T\0", timeinfo);

but this one crashes:
time_t rawtime;
struct tm timeinfo;
time (&rawtime);
localtime_s (&timeinfo, &rawtime);
strftime (LBUF, 256, "Timestamp = %A, %d/%m/%Y %T\0", &timeinfo);

The crash occurs on the strftime call, but why?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Get Him In Your Fantasy Team! Gameweek 22
January 16, 2017 by Rhys Desmond, posted in ENGLISH PREMIER LEAGUE, FANTASY PREMIER LEAGUE, MOST RECENT
Player of the Week (GW21): Marcos Alonso vs. Leicester City
170. Danny Rose
Player of the Week (GW20): Dele Alli vs. Manchester City
All of these players are in fantastic form and their prices are expected to rise soon so make sure you get them in your Fantasy Team now! Don't hesitate! Do anything you can! Even play that wildcard if you have to! Whatever it takes to change your Premier League Fantasy fate around and start anew in your quest to be a fantasy football legend. Check out who to pick up below right now, before this blog blows up.
Thibaut Courtois (5.9)
You could get a shot-stopping hero of a goalkeeper like Tom Heaton or Lee Grant or you could get someone who is practically written-on to get a clean sheet every single week. I've chosen to go with the latter as even when goalkeepers like the two above or Sunderland's Jordan Pickford have amazing games they still concede goals because of the often shaky defenses in front of them. But not Chelsea. Chelsea keep clean sheets no matter what and rarely concede goals, surrendering just six goals since October 1st, 2016. Courtois has also been pretty excellent when called upon, making 2.29 saves per goal conceded and 32 in total. With 91 fantasy points this season, Courtois has been the competitions standout goalkeeper and that is highly unlikely to change any time soon with the way Chelsea continue to roll over their opposition. So if you don't already have your maximum carrying capacity of three Chelsea players in your team then you are definitely going to want to consider Courtois as your new goalkeeper.
Tom Heaton (4.9)
As far as goalkeepers go, these two are really in a league of their own in terms of Fantasy Football right now as Heaton's tally of 90 points is just 1 behind Courtois' 91 yet fourteen ahead of third place Hugo Lloris' tally of 76. Heaton has been instrumental to Burnley's success this season and the Clarets look at the moment like they have absolutely zero chance of being relegated thanks in large part to his heroics. The British goalkeeper has made 2.29 saves per goal conceded, 3.11 saves per game and has kept 5 clean sheets in 19 matches so far as Burnley sit in a more-than decent position of 10th place in the Premier League table. Pickford was the big deal of last month but the club captain is the man of pastures new now as he continues to lead Burnley to better times. At just 4.9 Tom Heaton is definitely a man taking a second look at, especially now with Jordan Pickford's (4.3) ACL injury.
Danny Rose (6.0)
In previous editions of Get Him In Your Team! I've spoken about how influential Kyle Walker is to Tottenham Hotspur's set up but I haven't yet given Rose an appropriate acclamation for his amazing efforts. The Tottenham defender has been vital for Spurs this season at left-back and since Tottenham's shift to a 3-4-3 has been even better as a left-wing-back, being given the freedom to roam forward and create even more. With 82 points so far this season the 26-year old is the 7th highest point-getting defender despite missing 5 Premier League games with injury. His form (aka points per game in recent weeks) of 6.4 is also the second best of all defenders, behind only Marcos Alonso (7.4). Rose has scored 2 goals and assisted another two so far this season and oh did I mention that Tottenham have kept 9 clean sheets and have received worldwide attention for having one of the sturdiest defenses in the world the past two seasons? Between you and me, Kyle Walker (6.1) is probably the better option between the two Tottenham fullbacks, but if you already have Walker or are looking for a replacement for the now injured Jan Vertonghen, then Danny Rose is definitely your man.
Marcos Alonso (6.5)
You probably have your fair share of Chelsea players by now but if for whatever reason you've been sleeping on your Fantasy Team for the past few weeks and are looking for an instant revival, Chelsea players are the way to go and no other defender than Marcos Alonso is a better option at the moment. Players like Azpilicueta and Vertonghen have been picking up plenty of bonus points this season for their amazing defensive displays but others like Totteham duo Rose and Walker and Chelsea's Alonso have managed to contribute immensely in both areas of the pitch, scoring and assisting goals and still defending amazingly well on top of that. After his two goal display against Leiecester, Alonso now leads all defenders in fantasy points with 104, 1 ahead of Azpilcueta's 103 and 2 ahead of Cahill's 102. His three goals in just 16 appearances this season also has him tied right now as the second highest goal scoring defender in the league and with 2 assists as well he is just proving to be a very good option to have in your fantasy team!
Ben Gibson (4.9)
If you haven't noticed, Middlesbrough have kept quite a number of clean sheets this season. The manager Aitor Karanka has to be given an immense amount of credit for this as he instilled a resilient defensive mindset in all of his players but one man that probably deserves the most credit of all is 24 year old defender Ben Gibson. The Middlesbrough captain has been amazing at the back for Boro so far this season and even when the men in red haven't played well, he still has. Dare I say it, he's even been better than Michael Keane this season and the way he is going could replace the Burnley man soon in England's National setup. With 77 points this season, Gibson is the eighth highest pont-scoring defender in Fantasy Premier League and at the profitable price of 4.9 is less expensive than all of those above him. Middlesbrough have also kept 7 clean sheets so far this season and thanks to playing every single minute in every single game he has always been a part of it. Ben Gibson is Middlesbrough's most important player a mile and if you get him in your team now he could be absolutely integral to your success as well.
Dele Alli (8.7)
Dele Alli is in the form of his life at the moment so there is no better time than now to get him in your fantasy team! He's always played well this season but the goals and assists hadn't really been coming in large numbers until only recently. But now that he's gotten his mojo back, Alli has been unbeatable, scoring 7 goals with 1 assist in the last 6 Premier League matches. That meteoric tally has ensured that he has become one of the Premier League's highest fantasy point getter, notching 121 points so far. Given that he scored 10 goals last season and has already equalled that tally after 21 games this season, Alli is certain to have an awesome end to this season and will be one of Spurs' most important players in their quest to win the Premier League title. Alli is the pinnacle of everything Mauricio Pochettino appreciates and if you get him in your team now you are destined to have a meteroic rise up the leagues just like Alli has had a meteroic rise to the top of this game.
Christian Eriksen (8.7)
The Premier League's most in-form player. Christian Eriksen has been unbelievable in recent months and has been in the form of his life as Tottenham have won their last 6 matches in the league. It may be Alli and Kane who continue to get the majority of the plaudits, but Christian Eriksen has arguably been even better than both of them, scoring 5 goals with 8 assists in the league so far this season. He also has more points than any other Tottenham player (121) and the fifth most amount of points overall. His fantastic form also looks likely to continue as he has really flourished in his role as a right-winger in Pochettino's new 3-4-3 formation. Christian Eriksen is the Premier League's most in-form player at the moment and if you are going to transfer anyone into your team I would highly suggest that Christian Eriksen is that man.
Pedro Rodriguez (7.0)
I always thought that Pedro would eventually lose his place in Antonio Conte's side to Willian but now the opposite looks true as the Chelsea pair have been in the same side for the last month or so and it is Pedro who has been the one in greater form. Surprisingly, the Spanish winger can still be bought for only 7.0 despite being a vital part of Antonio Conte's Chelsea since October. Pedro is in the form of life at the moment and has even impressed in the league cup as a left-wing back! With 5 goals and 5 assists this season in 18 appearances he has been one of Chelsea's most influential players in 2016-17. After equalling Arsenal's long-standing record of consecutive wins, Chelsea look like the greatest contenders to win the Premier League at the moment and should they continue to win like they are at the moment, Pedro will always be an influential part of the side and will always score and assist goals.
Matt Phillips (5.8)
Matt Phillips has been one of the signings of the season so far as he has single-handedly led Tony Pulis' West Brom to several victories this season. He may not be the flashiest of picks to get in your team but with 4 goals and 8 assists so far this season he would certainly be an effective one. Phillips can be bought for a bargain of a price of just 5.8 and with 102 points so far he is the 8th highest point-getter of midfielders, cheaper than everyone above him. Phillips is definitely West Brom's most important player at the moment and is the man they are looking to get on the ball at every opportunity. For the stellar price of just 5.8 this should be an easy decision.
Alex Iwobi (5.8)
Speaking of players that can be bought for just 5.8, Alex Iwobi has been one of Arsenal's best players this season after securing a regular spot in the starting XI towards the start of the season. Iwobi has played a lot of minutes this season but for whatever reason still remains available for under 6.0 in Fantasy Premier League. 2 goals and 3 assists may not look absolutely glorious but the Nigerian international has also assisted three own goals, the most of any player in the league in what is the strangest statistic to ever mention. But in Fantasy Premier League as you probably know by now assisting own goals counts just like a regular assist and Iwobi's stellar wing play has also earned him quite a few bonus points so far this season. If Alex Iwobi can nail down a starting spot for the long-term he will be an incredible addition to your team. But even if he can't, he's 5.8, you can just stick him on the bench and when Arsenal come up against the weaker teams in the league stick him back in. If his incredible form carries on his price will certainly rise so make sure to get him in your team now!
Harry Kane (11.1)
Harry Kane has been unstoppable in recent weeks and looks destined to become the first player to net 20 goals in three successive seasons since Ruud Van Nistelrooy (2001-2004). The British striker has been in insanely good form lately scoring 6 goals with 1 assist in 6 matches. He always in the right place at the right time and always knows where the back of the net is so if you are going to put your trust in any striker this season then that man should undboutedly be England's top striker. The Tottenham forward now sits in 5th place amongst forwards with 105 points but in terms of goals is right up their level at the top and now looks in the best position to win the golden boot just as he did last season. One thing is for sure, the HurriKane is back so rather than getting swept away by it, you might as well join forces and get him in your fantasy team.
Peter Crouch (4.8)
Mark Hughes has been reluctant to play Peter Crouch in the past and revert back to Stoke City's old robust-like style but since the manager has brought his 6'7 forward back into the side at the start of December, Stoke have been in amazing form. Throughout that amazing run of form, Peter Crouch has been at the heart of everything good and not just through his size and strength in the air, he's even been good with his feet, linking up with other players and finishing off chances as well. The centre forward probably better suited for basketball has scored 3 goals with 1 assist in the last 4 matches and has been Stoke's most important player as they now sit in 9th position. You may be saying "Well that's nice and all. But why should I buy Crouch? He hardly scores goals!". Because you can get him for 4.8! What other players can you get for 4.8 right now? Let's answer that question. Here are some other players that you can get for 4.8 right now: Jerome Sinclair, Jake Livermore, Per Mertesacker, Joe Gomez, and Christian Kabasele. Yeah that's right. Go with Peter Crouch instead. Besides, it will free up a lot of money in your bank to get another big hitter in your team. Peter Crouch hasn't been given a chance to shine a lot under Mark Hughes but in the past few months has arguably been Stoke's key man as they now sit back in their usual 9th place position.
Jermain Defoe (7.9)
Always been an amazing scorer of goals but Jermain Defoe more than ever at the moment just can't stop scoring. Any player over the age of 32 who is still managing to be one of the most clinical goalscorers in the league is a phenomenal player and 34-year old Defoe certainly fits that billing as he is now the seventh highest goal scorer in the history of the league. Defoe has already scored 12 goals with 2 assists this season and has an incredible knack for bulging the back of the net even when the Black Cats don't play well. His tally of 119 points is better than Harry Kane, Romelu Lukaku, Sadio Mane and more. Meanwhile every player with more fantasy points than him is far more expensive and plays for one of the league's top six sides and chances are you probably already have reached your limit of Chelsea and Tottenham players. Jermain Defoe will always score goals so you just simply cannot ignore him any longer. Get Him In Your Fantasy Team Now!
So there it is! The latest edition of Get Him In Your Fantasy Team! Hope you enjoyed it and click the follow button for more articles like this every single week!
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Tagged Alex Iwobi, BEN GIBSON, Christian Eriksen, DANNY ROSE, DELE ALLI, HARRY KANE, Jermain Defoe, Marcos Alonso, Matty Phillips, Pedro Rodriguez, Peter Crouch, THIBAUT COURTOIS, TOM HEATON, TOTTENHAM HOTSPUR
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) refers to a minor population of HbA that has been modified by attachment of glucose to the N-terminal amino acid of the beta globin chain. Since erythrocytes are freely permeable to glucose, the attachment occurs continually over the entire lifespan of the erythrocyte and is dependent on glucose concentration and the duration of exposure of the erythrocyte to blood glucose.
HbA1c is a weighted average of blood glucose levels during the preceding 120 days, which is the average life span of red blood cells. A large change in mean blood glucose can increase HbA1c levels within 1-2 weeks. Sudden changes in HbA1c may occur because recent changes in blood glucose levels contribute relatively more to the final HbA1c levels than earlier events. For instance, mean blood glucose levels in the 30 days immediately preceding blood sampling contribute 50% to the HbA1c level, whereas glucose levels in the preceding 90-120 day period contribute only 10%. Thus, it does not take 120 days to detect a clinically meaningful change in HbA1c following a significant change in mean plasma glucose level.
Methods for analysis of HbA1c can essentially be divided into 2 categories depending on whether they measure HbA1c based upon charge or structure. The most common charge-based method utilizes cation-exchange high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). In this method, different hemoglobin molecules (eg, HbA, HbA2, HbF) are eluted from the column at different times following exposure to buffers of increasing ionic strength, depending on their charge. HbA1c is less positively charged than HbA and does not bind as tightly to the negatively charged resin. Therefore, it elutes more rapidly than HbA. The quantity of each Hb fraction in the eluate is quantitated by spectrophotometry and expressed as a percentage.
Structural methods include boronate-affinity chromatography and immunoassays. Boronate-affinity chromatography is based on the strong bindng of the coplanar cis-diol groups on glycated hemoglobin with boronic acid residues attached to the chromatography resin. Nonglycated Hb does not bind to boronic acid and elute immediately. Glycated Hb bind to boronic acid and must be eluted by a counterligand. This method measures total glycated hemoglobin, including HbA1c and Hb glycated at the epsilon amino groups on lysine. It must be calibrated using HbA1c specific values to produce HbA1c equivalent values.
Most immunoassays use polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies that recognize the ?-N-terminal glycated amino acid in the first 4 to 10 amino acids of beta globin. The final concentration is calculated as a ratio of HbA1c to total hemoglobin.
The following table lists the methods most often used to measure A1C and whether the method is affected by HbS or HbC or HbE or HbD trait.
Hemodilution and increased red cell turnover decrease HbA1c concentration during pregnancy. Iron deficiency can increase HbA1c level during the last trimester due to decreased cell turnover.
Hemolytic anemia and blood loss anemia decrease HbA1c level due to the release of reticulocytes whose hemoglobin is not glycosylated. Transfusion of diabetic patients with red blood cells decreases their HbA1c concentration. Patients with asplenia have higher HbA1c levels due to increased circulating life span of red blood cells. Iron deficiency increases HbA1c, but iron replacement therapy increases reticulocytosis and decreases HbA1c concentration. Vitamin B12 deficiency also decreases red cell turnover and increase HbA1c level.
Patients with renal failure have misleadingly low HbA1c levels due to shortened red cell survival and the use of recombinant erythropoietin, which increases reticulocytosis.
Chronic alcohol, salicylate and opiate use have all been reported to falsely increase HbA1c levels. Drugs that cause hemolysis can lower HbA1c concentration. Examples include dapsone, ribavirin and sulfonamides. Hydroxyurea converts hemoglobin A to F, thereby lowering HbA1c.
HbA1c provides a much better indication of long term glycemic control than blood and urinary glucose determinations. There is broad consensus that HbA1c levels should be used for routine care of all patients with diabetes mellitus. Baseline HbA1c levels are strongly related to the incidence and/or progression of retinopathy, gross proteinuria, and loss of tactile sensation or temperature sensitivity. In the 2009 American Diabetes Association (ADA) Summary of Revisions for the Clinical Practice Recommendations, the HbA1c goal for nonpregnant adults is <7% (Diabetes Care 2009;32(S1):S3-S5).
Currently, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) advocates that all individuals at high risk for diabetes be screened at least every 3 years. All persons 45 years and older are considered to be at high risk. ADA also recommends measurement of HbA1c three to four times per year for type 1 and poorly controlled type 2 diabetic patients, and 2 times per year for well-controlled type 2 diabetic patients. This is a general guideline to reduce the risk of microvascular and neuropathic complications. Physicians may need to individualize testing for certain patients.
The Office of Inspector General (OIG) has released its Fiscal Year 2011 Work Plan, which describes the investigative, enforcement and compliance activities that it will undertake in the coming year.
An Advance Beneficiary Notice (ABN) should be submitted for Medicare patients whenever a HbA1c is ordered at more frequent intervals than those listed above.
In 2009, an International Expert Committee recommended the use of the HbA1c test to diagnose diabetes, with a threshold of 6.5% or greater (Diabetes Care 2009, 32 (7):1327-1334). The American Diabetes Association adopted this criterion in 2010. The diagnostic cutpoint of 6.5% was recommended based on the risk for developing microvascular complications such as retinopathy. This HbA1c criterion identifies one third fewer cases of undiagnosed diabetes than a fasting glucose cut point of 126 mg/dL or greater. However, the advantages of using HbA1c outweigh this limitation.
Patients who have an HbA1c of 5.7 to 6.4% are considered at high risk for developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease in the future. These individuals are referred to as having prediabetes. They should be identified and counseled about lifestyle modifications such as exercise and weight loss.
An elevated HbA1c should be confirmed with a repeat measurement on a different day, except in those individuals who are symptomatic and also have plasma glucose over 200 mg/dL. HbA1c testing is indicated in children in whom diabetes is suspected but the classic symptoms and a casual glucose >200 mg/dL are not found. Analysis should be performed on central laboratory instruments and not with point of care devices, which have not been shown to be sufficiently accurate or precise for diagnosis.
Physicians often correlate the HbA1c level with a patient's glucose meter history and fasting plasma glucose concentrations. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) clearly demonstrated a direct relationship between HbA1c and mean plasma glucose levels (Diabetes Care 2002; 25:275-78). Thus, HbA1c can be used to calculate the estimated average glucose (eAG). The following table summarizes the relationship.
Average glucose concentration is calculated from HbA1c concentration using the formula: eAG = (28.7 x %HbA1c) – 46.7. Each 1% change in HbA1c represents a change of approximately 30 mg/dl in plasma glucose. It is important to realize that this data is based on overall averages and may vary in individual patients. Reporting of the eAG at this time is still controversial and is not routinely offered by clinical laboratories at this time.
Macrovascular disease is the most important cause of mortality and morbidity in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Even when adjusted for conventional risk factors, diabetic individuals still exhibit a two to four fold increased risk of cardiovascular disease in comparison to nondiabetic people. Therefore, hyperglycemia is strongly suspected of promoting atherogenesis. Excess glucose is transformed into advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) that not only make blood vessels inelastic and stenotic but also activates chronic inflammation.
Recent studies have demonstrated that HbA1c is also a predictor of all-cause, cardiovascular and ischemic heart disease mortality even at concentrations below the accepted threshold for diabetes (British Med J 2001; 322:15-18). The following table lists the relative risk of death for each quartile of HbA1c concentration.
Individuals with HbA1c concentrations above 5% have greater risk than individuals with concentrations below 5%. Approximately 25% of population has HbA1c levels below 5% and 70% of the population had levels between 5 and 6.9%. HbA1c appears to resemble blood pressure and cholesterol in terms of its continuous relationship with cardiovascular risk.
Two recent studies in the Annals of Internal Medicine have also validated that HbA1c is a progressive risk factor for CV disease in individuals with and without diabetes (Ann Intern Med 2004; 141:413-20 & 421-31). Every 1% absolute increase in HbA1c above the nonglycemic level of 5% predicts a 20% relative increase in the incidence of CV events even after adjustment for systolic blood pressure, cholesterol level, body mass index, waist to hip ratio, smoking and previous myocardial infarction or stroke. A similar relationship exists for total mortality.


A reward in the form of a trophy or a cup with Modi's face engraved on it awaits every booth level in-charge of BJP who ensures the party's win in Nalanda.
A unique reward in the form of a trophy or a cup with Narendra Modi's face engraved on it awaits every booth level in-charge of the BJP who ensures the party's win in CM Nitish Kumar's home district of Nalanda.
PATNA | NALANDA: A unique reward in the form of a trophy or a cup with Narendra Modi's face engraved on it awaits every booth level in-charge of the BJP who ensures the party's win in chief minister Nitish Kumar's home district of Nalanda.
The promised gift is expected to motivate the party members to work doubly hard to help defeat the JD(U) leader in his native place, which goes to the polls in the third phase on October 28, a BJP election manager said.
The move is part of a strategy devised by CR Patil, a close confidant of Prime Minister Modi as well as BJP president Amit Shah.
Patil, Lok Sabha member from Navsari in Gujarat, who was appointed as one of the minders for Bihar BJP early this year by Shah, stayed away from his constituency for the first time during Navratri only to focus on the party's booth level management in seven assembly segments of Nalanda. Not only did Patil skip Navratri at home, he also stayed away from massive Vijaya Dashami celebrations that he had been organising for the past seven years.
Although "booth jeeto, chunao jeeto (win booths, win the polls)" is the BJP's general election management principle, Patil announced the special gift only for Nalanda during the course of assembly-wise meetings on October 19-20, party members said.
"The incentive of getting honoured and recognised by Modi and Shah's trusted lieutenant from Gujarat is expected to fire booth level in-charges to trounce Nitish on his home turf," said the BJP election manager cited earlier.
Patil also supplied about 2,000 booth level in-charges with lists of voters in their respective areas, party members said.
On the morning of Dussehra, Patil held a brief discussion in Patna with Union minister Dharmendra Pradhan, election co-in-charge for Bihar, only to rush to Nalanda for executing his plans in Nitish Kumar's pocket borough through the day.
Assisting Patil is Union minister Giriraj Singh, a bitter critic of the chief minister since the days of their alliance in Bihar, and Mahesh Giri, Lok Sabha member from East Delhi. Patil, Singh and Giri held a meeting of the party's booth level workers from three assembly segments on October 19 and four segments on October 20. Two days later, on Dussehra, Patil followed up with a meeting to review the progress on "booth jeeto, chunao jeeto" strategy in Nalanda.
Six of the seven assembly segments (Asthawan, Biharsharif, Islampur, Hilsa, Nalanda and Harnaut) are held by the JD(U) while Rajgir assembly segment was won by BJP in 2010 assembly elections when the two parties were in alliance.
"We will teach Nitish a lesson on his home turf Nalanda in this election," asserted a key BJP campaign manager, underlining the prestige battle that the district has become for the party given the bitter political rivalry between Narendra Modi and Nitish Kumar, the two main protagonists of Bihar elections this time. The BJP has planned a Modi rally of "no less than two lakh people" in Biharsharif assembly segment on October 25, just three days before voting.


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using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using ISIS.Web;

namespace ISIS.VehicleForge
{
    public class VFExchangeSearchResult : IComponentLibrarySearchResult<VFComponent>
    {
        public int hits { get; set; }
        public List<VFComponent> components { get; set; }
    }
}


Vlatka Horvat, Fixed Holes, 2017, cardboard, felt, adhesive tape, 1 1/4 x 59 x 57".
For her first exhibition in Italy, Croatian artist Vlatka Horvat has installed eleven works across the gallery's two floors. "Surroundings" pays homage to the horizon, as both a spatial boundary and a goal to which one can aspire, ideologically and physically. The show's natural path opens with two wooden tables created in 2016, titled Set Right (Table Leg) and Set Right (Tabletop). Reduced to structural skeletons, they boast delicate additions of ribbonlike cardboard, attached with white adhesive tape, as if to conjure missing parts. At Some Length, 2017, is a straight line at eye level, more than twenty-five feet long, composed of knotted rubber bands and cotton threads. Despite its materials' fragility, the piece evokes the severity of barbed wire. Fixed Holes, 2017, meanwhile, comprises six rings of cardboard overlapping three squares of colored felt with circular punch-outs, the negative space echoing the cardboard loops' round forms. The ambiguous composition suggests a rudimentary demarcation of territory while also conjuring some sort of lagoon.
Landscapes become concrete in the five photographs in the series "Tree Line," 2017. Each image depicts the same fir trees reflected in a lake, but the artist's collage interventions create disturbing filters over the pristine scenes. Elsewhere, Fractions, 2017, presents wooden doorstops arranged in a starburst pattern. And in "End in Sight," 2017, a series of seven black-and-white photographic collages melding portraiture and landscape, the human figure is always partially truncated, even while the horizon line appears preserved across the fragmented images.


Compute-and-forward is a novel relaying paradigm in wireless communications in which relays in a network directly compute or decode functions of signals transmitted from multiple transmitters and forward them to a central destination. In this dissertation, we study three problems related to compute-and-forward. In the first problem, we consider the use of lattice codes for implementing a compute-and-forward protocol in wireless networks when channel state information is not available at the transmitter. We propose the use of lattice codes over Eisenstein integers and we prove the existence of a sequence of lattices over Eisenstein integers which are good for quantization and achieve capacity over an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. Using this, we show that the information rates achievable with nested lattice codebooks over Eisenstein integers are higher than those achievable with nested lattice codebooks over integers considered by Nazer and Gastpar in  in the average sense. We also propose a separation-based framework for compute-and-forward that is based on the concatenation of a non-binary linear code with a modulation scheme derived from the ring of Eisenstein integers, which enables the coding gain and shaping gain to be separated, resulting in significantly higher theoretically achievable computation rates. In the second problem, we construct lattices based on spatially-coupled low-density parity check (LDPC) codes and empirically show that such lattices can approach the Poltyrev limit very closely for the point-to-point unconstrained AWGN channel. We then employ these lattices to implement a compute-and-forward protocol and empirically show that these lattices can approach the theoretically achievable rates closely. In the third problem, we present a new coding scheme based on concatenating a newly introduced class of lattice codes called convolutional lattice codes with LDPC codes, which we refer to as concatenated convolutional lattice codes (CCLS) and study their application to compute-and-forward (CF). The decoding algorithm for CCLC is based on an appropriate combination of the stack decoder with a message passing algorithm, and is computationally much more efficient than the conventional decoding algorithm for convolutional lattice codes. Simulation results show that CCLC can approach the point-to-point uniform input AWGN capacity very closely with soft decision decoding. Also, we show that they possess the required algebraic structure which makes them suitable for recovering linear combinations (over a finite field) of the transmitted signals in a multiple access channel. This facilitates their use as a coding scheme for the compute-and-forward paradigm. Simulation results show that CCLC can approach theoretically achievable rates very closely when implemented for the compute-and-forward.
Tunali, Nihat Engin (2014). Lattice-Based Coding Schemes for Wireless Relay Networks. Doctoral dissertation, Texas A & M University. Available electronically from http : / /hdl .handle .net /1969 .1 /154157.


Over the years I've done a lot of research on the positive effects of being positive and the negative affects of being negative. The research is clear. It really does pay to be positive and the benefits include enhanced health and longevity, happiness, career advancement, athletic performance, team building and financial success. Being positive is not just a nice way to live. It's the way to live. In this spirit here are 11 benefits of being positive.


text:
JeepGrand Cherokee2019 Jeep Grand CherokeeReview
2019 Jeep Grand Cherokee Review
Joel Patel
Automotive Editor - November 29, 2018
The 2019 Jeep Grand Cherokee lineup is one of the more complete choices in the segment. Whether you're seeking an off-road-oriented family-hauler or a track monster that will embarrass some sports cars, the Grand Cherokee will happily accommodate. Every Grand Cherokee has an upscale design and an elegant cabin. Pricey trim levels, thirsty V8 engines that are also incredibly expensive, and low crash test scores offset the expansive number of available trims.
With a starting price of $33,190 (including destination) for the entry-level Laredo trim that can swell to $88,145 for the range-topping Trackhawk, there's a Grand Cherokee out there for every budget. There are 12 trims in total, and five different powertrains to choose from, so choices are aplomb for the Grand Cherokee's strong points.
The mid-level Limited trim is the most attractive with a 3.6-liter V6 engine that produces 295 horsepower and 260 pound-feet of torque. The motor is paired to an eight-speed automatic transmission and, for those that want some excellent off-road capability, the Limited trim also adds the Quadra-Trac II four-wheel-drive system.
Standard features on the trim include: dual-zone automatic climate control, an auto-dimming rearview mirror, blind-spot monitoring, rear cross-trafficalert, rear parking sensors, remote keyless entry, a Selec-Terrain System, 18-inch wheels, heated exterior mirrors, a power liftgate, heated front seats, an 8.4-inch display, a six-speaker audio system, a Wi-Fi hot spot, Apple CarPlay, Android Auto, and navigation.
Despite the Limited trim's strong list of standard features, there are a few extra packages we'd tack onto the SUV. Here's how we'd build it:
Model: 2019 Jeep Grand Cherokee Limited 4x4
Engine:3.6-liter V6
Output: 295 hp / 260 lb-ft
Transmission:Eight-speed automatic
Drivetrain: Four-wheel drive
Fuel Economy: 18 City / 25 Hwy
Options: Four-wheel drive ($2,000), Luxury Group II ($3,495, premium nine-speaker audio system, automatic high beam headlights, bi-xenon HID headlights, a sunroof, LED fog lights, heated rear seats, leather-trimmed seats, LED daytime running lights, a power tilt-and-telescopic steering wheel, rain-sensing windshield wipers, ventilated front seats), Off-Road Adventure II ($2,495, a 230-mm rear axle, all-season all-terrain tires, an electronic limited-slip differential, skid plates, air suspension, Selec-Speed Control, steering-wheel-mounted shift levers, tow hooks, a Class IV tow hitch), Jeep Advanced Active Safety Group ($1,495, adaptive cruise control, automatic emergency braking, full-speed forward collision warning, lane departure warning, parallel and perpendicular park assist, rain-sensitive windshield wipers)
Base Price:$40,440
Best Value Price:$49,925
The 3.6-liter V6 in the base and mid-level Grand Cherokees are found in many other Fiat Chrysler Automobile products, so it's a time-proven motor. Offering a copious amount of grunt throughout the rev range, the standard V6 is a smooth operator, especially with the eight-speed automatic transmission. If 295 hp doesn't sound like it would be enough, a 360-hp 5.7-liter V8 is also offered. For those that want to get some serious towing done, a 3.0-liter turbodiesel engine is also available, which produces 240 hp and 420 lb-ft of torque. Towing capacity for the engine is rated at up to 7,400 pounds.
Those seeking true performance should look at the SRT and Trackhawk trims. The SRT trim features a 6.4-liter V8 that generates 475 hp, while the Trackhawk ups the ante with a 707-hp supercharged 6.2-liter V8. While offering blistering performance, especially considering the Grand Cherokee's immense size, fuel economy isn't stellar in either engine. Still, that's a small price to pay for the incredible sound and immense speed.
For an SUV, the Grand Cherokee has a handsome design that many consumers will find attractive. Jeep's iconic seven-slotted grille is prominently placed at the front, and is flanked by two slim headlights. The front end of the Grand Cherokee is muscular, yet conservative. The same can be said for the SUV's rear end, which has stylish lines and smooth curves.
The main draw for the Grand Cherokee is being able to go off-roading in comfort. While few can match the Grand Cherokee at getting dirty, even less can do it while being a comfortable place to be in. Both rows offer passengers with loads of room, while fit-and-finish, especially on higher trims, is excellent. Cargo capacity for the Grand Cherokee is impressive, too.
The Best and Worst Things
Comfort, off-roading prowess, and performance, the Grand Cherokee manages to tick all of these boxes and more, while putting comfort high up on the list, too. That's a tall order to fill, but the SUV manages to pull it off.
As an older vehicle, the Grand Cherokee's safety ratings are well below average for the segment. If performance is what you're after, it's going to cost you a large amount of money.
Right For? Wrong For?
There's not a lot that perplexes the Grand Cherokee, and depending on your budget, it also manages to be a vehicle that you can take to a drag strip and immediately drop your kids off to school after. With Jeep's go-anywhere and do-anything qualities embedded into the SUV, off-roading is also a high point for the vehicle. For the majority of consumers, the Grand Cherokee's high level of comfort, impressive cargo area, and spacious cabin will impress.
If safety is important, the Grand Cherokee just can't compete with other offerings. While it can be fitted with the latest technology, its subpar crash test ratings leave a lot to be desired, especially for a family-oriented vehicle.
With enough trims to choose from to make you dizzy, there's a 2019 Jeep Grand Cherokee out there for everyone. Whether that means a capable off-roader, a SUV with the performance of a high-end sports car, or a comfortable SUV with a spacious cabin, the Grand Cherokee can do it all. While fuel economy and poor crash test scores are glaring marks against the SUV, the Grand Cherokee's handsome design, upscale feel, and capabilities help the vehicle stand out.
Used Jeep Grand Cherokee Listings Near You
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Almost everybody likes the idea of working from home, but working from home isn't for everyone. There's a right way and a wrong way to do it. While the freedom and flexibility of managing yourself is its own challenge, you might be relieved to discover that it's highly possible to learn how to work from home, make the most of your time, crush goals, and achieve results from the confines of your couch.
What is telecommuting? It's an opportunity to do your job from anywhere in the world with a digital connection. If you find yourself asking, "I want to work from home, what can I do?", start by creating a list of the skills you've already developed.
Working from home means you have to be responsible for your own time. That includes motivating yourself to put aside distractions and giving yourself deadlines to stick to. Many people do not have this level of self-discipline.
Discipline aside, you'll need reasonably strong organizational and time management skills to work from home. You don't want messy housekeeping to get in the way of business, nor do you want to gravely underestimate the amount of time a project will take.
Independence has its downsides. You may have nobody to turn to when something comes up. What happens if your computer freezes or you can't get a necessary file to download? Working from home means you need to be ready to take on these kind of "not my department" issues.
Most humans are non-verbal communicators, which is why cross-culturally, people tend to prefer face-to-face interactions. It's also why doing the majority of your interaction with colleagues through emails and calls isn't going to be suitable to everybody. Working from home often means you must be comfortable being alone.
Extroverted people, who are in need of constant external stimulation, are often unsuitable to this type of work. Introverted people tend to do better in these types of roles, but being introverted doesn't necessarily mean you're going to like working from home. It's actually a little more complicated to match a career based on your personality type.
Your list might include experiences from hobbies, previous employment, volunteering, and other related skills. You might even include skills that you haven't developed, but would like to develop. Once completed, start at the top of your list and study the commercial applications of your passions.
It isn't always obvious how your passions may lend themselves to a profession, but with a little research, they can become far easier to see. After you have a few in mind, the next step is to research companies and employers with work from home policies.
Psychologists recommend people with sleeping issues shouldn't watch television in bed before trying to sleep. Why? It breaks down the mental association between being in your bed and sleeping in your bed.
For the same reasons, it helps to set aside a workspace that can be used specifically for productivity. It's self-sabotage to work from a space where your brain is accustomed to enjoying YouTube videos, music, and social media.
If using a new workspace isn't possible, there are a number of free tools that allow you to block your devices from viewing certain websites during certain hours of the day.
Though working from home means having the freedom to create your own schedule, this shouldn't be confused with not having a schedule. Planning out your workload is essential to time management. For creating a schedule, it can be useful to determine your most productive hours, and then try and stick to them.
Many people love the idea of working in their pajamas. But the truth is, in addition to maintaining a regular schedule, getting yourself into a work from home mindset often requires that you get dressed.
Even though you may be sitting alone in your room, a solid work from home tip is that feeling presentable can help your mind make a gear-shift into productivity -- that's usually hard to do when you're not dressed for work. Because of the solitary nature of the work, it can be helpful to schedule a trip out of the house on a daily basis. It only helps if you're already dressed up.
Again, working from home isn't right for everyone, even if you tell yourself "I need to work from home to get things done". But whether or not the working from home lifestyle is right for you, there are always ways to find jobs with great work-life balance. And if you're trying to determine the right career path for yourself, take a moment to check out the Career Wizard Quiz to see what kind work-from-home insurance careers might match you.


text:
Q: Adding a new font in adapter class using " getContext().getAssets() ", crashes my application adding a new font in adapter class using " getContext().getAssets() ", crashes my application
When I remove the two lines for customizing the font, my application runs just fine. But when I include those lines my application crashes. Is there any other way to add custom fonts? What am I doing wrong here?
 public class CustomAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<String> {

        int images[];

        public CustomAdapter(@NonNull Context context, String[] names, int pics[]) {
            super(context, R.layout.face_list, names);
            this.images = pics;
        }

        @NonNull
        @Override
        public View getView(int position, @Nullable View convertView, @NonNull ViewGroup parent) {

            LayoutInflater myInflater = LayoutInflater.from(getContext());
            View listDisplay = myInflater.inflate(R.layout.face_list, parent, false);

            ImageView face = listDisplay.findViewById(R.id.face);
            TextView name = listDisplay.findViewById(R.id.name);

    Typeface chawpFont = Typeface.createFromAsset(listDisplay.getContext().getAssets(),"chawp.tff");
            name.setTypeface(chawpFont);

            String participant_name = (String) getItem(position);
            int participant_pic = images[position];

            face.setImageResource(participant_pic);
            name.setText(participant_name);

            return listDisplay;
        }
    }

Error Log :
09-27 14:43:21.029 14524-14731/com.mohdfaheemkhan.wellgrounded D/mali_winsys: new_window_surface returns 0x3000
09-27 14:43:21.047 14524-14524/com.mohdfaheemkhan.wellgrounded D/AndroidRuntime: Shutting down VM
09-27 14:43:21.049 14524-14524/com.mohdfaheemkhan.wellgrounded E/AndroidRuntime: FATAL EXCEPTION: main
                                                                                Process: com.mohdfaheemkhan.wellgrounded, PID: 14524
                                                                                java.lang.RuntimeException: Font asset not found chawp.tff
                                                                                at android.graphics.Typeface.createFromAsset(Typeface.java:190)
                                                                                at com.mohdfaheemkhan.wellgrounded.CustomAdapter.getView(CustomAdapter.java:41)
                                                                                at android.widget.AbsListView.obtainView(AbsListView.java:2474)
                                                                                at android.widget.ListView.makeAndAddView(ListView.java:1920)
                                                                                at android.widget.ListView.fillDown(ListView.java:717)
                                                                                at android.widget.ListView.fillFromTop(ListView.java:778)
                                                                                at android.widget.ListView.layoutChildren(ListView.java:1715)
                                                                                at android.widget.AbsListView.onLayout(AbsListView.java:2235)
                                                                                at android.view.View.layout(View.java:16953)
                                                                                at android.view.ViewGroup.layout(ViewGroup.java:5579)
                                                                                at android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout.onLayout(ConstraintLayout.java:1197)
                                                                                at android.view.View.layout(View.java:16953)
                                                                                at android.view.ViewGroup.layout(ViewGroup.java:5579)
                                                                                at android.widget.FrameLayout.layoutChildren(FrameLayout.java:396)
                                                                                at android.widget.FrameLayout.onLayout(FrameLayout.java:333)
                                                                                at android.view.View.layout(View.java:16953)
                                                                                at android.view.ViewGroup.layout(ViewGroup.java:5579)
                                                                                at android.support.v7.widget.ActionBarOverlayLayout.onLayout(ActionBarOverlayLayout.java:434)
                                                                                at android.view.View.layout(View.java:16953)
                                                                                at android.view.ViewGroup.layout(ViewGroup.java:5579)
                                                                                at android.widget.FrameLayout.layoutChildren(FrameLayout.java:396)
                                                                                at android.widget.FrameLayout.onLayout(FrameLayout.java:333)
                                                                                at android.view.View.layout(View.java:16953)
                                                                                at android.view.ViewGroup.layout(ViewGroup.java:5579)
                                                                                at android.widget.LinearLayout.setChildFrame(LinearLayout.java:2001)
                                                                                at android.widget.LinearLayout.layoutVertical(LinearLayout.java:1844)
                                                                                at android.widget.LinearLayout.onLayout(LinearLayout.java:1753)
                                                                                at android.view.View.layout(View.java:16953)
                                                                                at android.view.ViewGroup.layout(ViewGroup.java:5579)
                                                                                at android.widget.FrameLayout.layoutChildren(FrameLayout.java:396)
                                                                                at android.widget.FrameLayout.onLayout(FrameLayout.java:333)
                                                                                at com.android.internal.policy.PhoneWindow$DecorView.onLayout(PhoneWindow.java:2785)
                                                                                at android.view.View.layout(View.java:16953)
                                                                                at android.view.ViewGroup.layout(ViewGroup.java:5579)
                                                                                at android.view.ViewRootImpl.performLayout(ViewRootImpl.java:2552)
                                                                                at android.view.ViewRootImpl.performTraversals(ViewRootImpl.java:2255)
                                                                                at android.view.ViewRootImpl.doTraversal(ViewRootImpl.java:1321)
                                                                                at android.view.ViewRootImpl$TraversalRunnable.run(ViewRootImpl.java:6708)
                                                                                at android.view.Choreographer$CallbackRecord.run(Choreographer.java:894)
                                                                                at android.view.Choreographer.doCallbacks(Choreographer.java:696)
                                                                                at android.view.Choreographer.doFrame(Choreographer.java:631)
                                                                                at android.view.Choreographer$FrameDisplayEventReceiver.run(Choreographer.java:880)
                                                                                at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:815)
                                                                                at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:104)
                                                                                at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:207)
                                                                                at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5728)
                                                                                at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
                                                                                at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:789)
                                                                                at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:679)
09-27 14:43:22.865 14524-14524/com.mohdfaheemkhan.wellgrounded I/Process: Sending signal. PID: 14524 SIG: 9

A: Instead of getting view context get the context from your text view itself
if(name.getContext()!=null){
Typeface chawpFont = Typeface.createFromAsset(name.getContext().getAssets(),"chawp.tff");
name.setTypeface(chawpFont);
}

Also you can try to use parent.getContext() which is better way to get Context

A: Try this in your code .
public class CustomAdapter extends ArrayAdapter {

    int images[];
    private Context mContext;

    public CustomAdapter(@NonNull Context context, String[] names, int pics[]) {
        super(context, R.layout.face_list, names);
        this.images = pics;
        // add here
        this.mContext = context;
    }

    @NonNull
    @Override
    public View getView(int position, @Nullable View convertView, @NonNull ViewGroup parent) {

        // edited here , change to mContext
        LayoutInflater myInflater = LayoutInflater.from(mContext);
        View listDisplay = myInflater.inflate(R.layout.face_list, parent, false);

        ImageView face = listDisplay.findViewById(R.id.face);
        TextView name = listDisplay.findViewById(R.id.name);
        // edited here , change to mContext
        Typeface chawpFont = Typeface.createFromAsset(mContext.getAssets(), "chawp.tff");
        name.setTypeface(chawpFont);

        String participant_name = (String) getItem(position);
        int participant_pic = images[position];

        face.setImageResource(participant_pic);
        name.setText(participant_name);

        return listDisplay;
    }
}

Edit
In the assets directory, create a new fonts directory , then add chawp.tff to it .
Typeface chawpFont = Typeface.createFromAsset(mContext.getAssets(), "fonts/chawp.tff");
change to fonts/chawp.tff


text:
Medical Xpress - latest medical and health news stories
Home Industry News Medical Xpress - latest medical and health news stories
Mindfulness has previously been shown to help people handle negative emotions and is used as a treatment for anxiety related psychological disorders, but the underlying biological mechanisms are not fully understood. In a new study, published in Scientific Reports , researchers at University of Southern Denmark, among other universities, show that brief daily mindfulness training delivered through the HEADSPACE mindfulness app makes it easier to achieve lasting extinction of fear reactions. Mindfulness has been shown to reduce negative emotions in both healthy individuals as well as patients with psychological problems. Studies have also shown that mindfulness is effective for treating clinical emotional problems like anxiety, depression, stress and trauma related disorders. The biological mechanisms that underlie these positive effects on emotional functioning are not sufficiently understood but brain imaging studies have shown that mindfulness training is associated with changes in regions of the brain previously known to be involved in extinction learning, making extinction a likely candidate. However, an actual effect of mindfulness training on extinction learning has never been demonstrated. In a new study, researchers at University of Southern Denmark, Uppsala University, Lund University, Peking University and Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, can now show that mindfulness training facilitates extinction of conditioned fear reactions, producing lasting reductions in threat related arousal responses. In this study, healthy subjects were randomly assigned to receive either 4 weeks of daily mindfulness training delivered through the Headspace mindfulness app, or were assigned to a wait list control condition. Subsequently, the participants underwent psychological experiments on two consecutive days in which conditioned fear reactions were established on day 1 and then immediately extinguished. On day 2, the subjects returned and the lasting effects of extinction were evaluated. Conditioned fear reactions were established by showing the participants neutral images on a computer screen and then some of the images were directly followed by an uncomfortable electric shock to the hand. After a number of such pairings, the subjects showed elevated autonomic arousal responses just when viewing the pictures, demonstrating that conditioned fear reactions had been learnt. Fear reactions were measured using skin conductance, an index for how much the subject is sweating, which is a corollary for the fight-or-flight response in humans. Then, the researchers extinguished these reactions by repeatedly showing the images again but this time omitting the shocks. In this way, the participants learnt that the images that previously signaled an upcoming uncomfortable shock no longer did so, and consequently subjects showed a substantial decrease in autonomic arousal when viewing the images. After 24 hours, in order to test the retention of extinction learning, the participants returned to the lab, were hooked up to the shock apparatus and again shown the images they had viewed on the previous day, although no shocks were delivered. This was the critical test of the study since extinction learning is normally unstable, and fear reactions typically return after a delay even when the subject has gone through successful extinction. In line with the researchers' hypotheses, the group that had been doing mindfulness training now showed lower fear reactions compared to the control group. The fear reactions in the mindfulness group remained at the same low level they had been by the end of extinction the previous day indicating an improved ability to form and retain extinction memories, whereas the control group showed a substantial increase in fear reactions compared to extinction the previous day. When comparing the groups reactions during conditioning and extinction on day 1, no differences could be observed, showing that the two groups learned and extinguished the conditioned fear reactions to a similar extent, and the authors conclude that mindfulness appears to have a specific effect on extinction retention. According to the study's first author Johannes Björkstrand, the findings are interesting for a number of reasons. "We can show that mindfulness does not only have an effect on subjective experiences of negative emotions , as has been shown previously, but that you can actually see clear effects on autonomic arousal responses, even with a limited amount of training. It is also interesting that the intervention appears to have a specific effect on extinction retention, which is in line with previous brain imaging studies on mindfulness, and also has some implications for how these types of interventions could be used to treat anxiety related problems in a clinical context." Anxiety and trauma related disorders are often treated using exposure therapy, a psychological treatment that is based on extinction learning, but not everyone responds to these treatments. One possible explanation is that individuals with these disorders have been shown to have difficulties in forming lasting extinction memories when compared to healthy individuals, which could represent an underlying vulnerability that increases the risk of developing these types of problems to begin with and constitutes an impediment to successful treatment. "Our results suggest, that if you combine mindfulness training with exposure therapy, maybe you can achieve larger and longer lasting treatment effects. In this way you could get at an underlying vulnerability factor and more people would respond to these treatments, but studies in clinical populations and actual treatment studies are needed before we can draw any firm conclusions in this matter," says Johannes Björkstrand. The researchers now want to move forward and investigate the underlying neurobiological mechanisms that are involved. "We are currently repeating the experiment with twice the number of participants, and the whole thing is carried out inside an fMRI-scanner equipped with an extra strong electromagnetic field so that we can measure their brain activity to a high degree of precision throughout all parts of the experiment. We hope to show that the effect is robust and that we can replicate the current findings, and also say what processes in the brain are involved in producing these effects. We just finished data-collection but we still have a rather large amount of analysis work to do before we arrive at any results," says senior author, associate professor Ulrich Kirk. Explore further More information: Johannes Björkstrand et al, The effect of mindfulness training on extinction retention, Scientific Reports (2019). DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56167-7 Journal information: Provided by University of Southern Denmark Citation : Mindfulness makes it easier to forget your fears (2020, January 6) retrieved 6 January 2020 from https://medicalxpress.com/news/2020-01-mindfulness-easier.html This document is subject to copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no part may be reproduced without the written permission. The content is provided for information purposes only.


text:
Scientists caught off-guard by record temperatures linked to climate change
by Zoe Tabary | zoetabary | Thomson Reuters Foundation
Tuesday, 26 July 2016 13:34 GMT
Palestinians cool off in the Mediterranean sea during a hot day in Gaza City July 15, 2016. REUTERS/Mohammed Salem
"We predicted moderate warmth for 2016, but nothing like the temperature rises we've seen"
By Zoe Tabary
LONDON, July 26 (Thomson Reuters Foundation) - Record temperatures in the first half of 2016 have taken scientists by surprise despite widespread recognition that extreme weather events are becoming more frequent and intense, the director of the World Climate Research Programme said.
The earth is on track for its hottest year on record with June marking the 14th straight month of record heat, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) said last week.
Temperatures recorded mainly in the northern hemisphere in the first six months of the year, coupled with an early and fast Arctic sea ice melt and "new highs" in heat-trapping carbon dioxide levels, point to quickening climate change, it said.
In a further announcement on Tuesday, the U.N. agency said it would examine whether a temperature of 54 degrees Celsius (129 degrees Fahrenheit) reported in Kuwait last Thursday was a new high for the eastern hemisphere and Asia.
"What concerns me most is that we didn't anticipate these temperature jumps," said David Carlson, director of the WMO's climate research programme, late on Monday.
"We predicted moderate warmth for 2016, but nothing like the temperature rises we've seen," he told the Thomson Reuters Foundation by telephone from Geneva.
"Massive temperature hikes, but also extreme events like floodings, have become the new normal," Carlson said. "The ice melt rates recorded in the first half of 2016, for example - we don't usually see those until later in the year."
He said sudden temperature rises could endanger people, animals and water systems.
"Also critical is the fact that people survive the heat by using more energy for cooling, thus further depleting the world's resources," Carlson said.
PREDICTING THE NEW NORMAL
Carlson said although "the uncertainty surrounding extreme weather events can be used to deny or avoid the issue of climate change," their increased frequency has drawn greater attention from the international community.
"The question is shifting from 'has the climate changed?' to 'by how much?'," he said.
"Statistically we need to get better at predicting not only how frequent and intense these events will be - but how long they will last."
Key to understanding extreme weather will be the availability of data across the globe, Carlson said.
"We have good data for North America and Europe - on precipitation for example - but just don't have enough records in Central Africa, Central America and the Arctic."
Carlson called for global leaders to put climate action higher on national agendas following the Paris Agreement to limit global warming to well below 2°C (3.6°F) above pre-industrial levels.
"The world leaders making serious commitments to tackle climate change are currently few and far between," he said.
However, action at the government level will only happen with pressure from citizens themselves, he added.
"The Clean Air Act, for example, that was all won by the people," Carlson said, referring to a U.S. law designed to increase pollution controls on vehicles and manufacturers.
(Reporting by Zoe Tabary @zoetabary, editing by Katie Nguyen. Please credit the Thomson Reuters Foundation, the charitable arm of Thomson Reuters, that covers humanitarian news, climate change, women's rights, trafficking and property rights. Visit http://news.trust.org/climate)
Adapting to Climate Change


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Victims chased Crossroads Center mall stabber
Ryan Schliep recounts what is was like to be stabbed at the mall and how he responded.
Victims chased Crossroads Center mall stabber Ryan Schliep recounts what is was like to be stabbed at the mall and how he responded. Check out this story on sctimes.com: http://on.sctimes.com/2xhMfD6
Nora G. Hertel, nhertel@stcloudtimes.com Published 4:11 p.m. CT Sept. 20, 2017
Ryan Schliep(Photo: Submitted photo)
Ryan Schliep was stabbed on a Saturday evening, and he returned to work on a Monday.
Schliep, 19, is one of the 10 victims of the Crossroads Center mall stabbing on Sept. 17, 2016. Dahir Adan stabbed Schliep in the head at the mall entrance.
The experience hasn't changed the young Willmar man much, though he's a little more vigilant and a little jumpier than before. He works for Viking Coca-Cola.
With the first anniversary of the attack complete, Schliep agreed Wednesday to talk with the Times about that night.
At the time of the attack, Schliep was about two weeks out of Army basic training. Before he served in the military he discharged due to foot injuries, he said.
On the day of the stabbing, he and his girlfriend first went to the Mall of America to buy a Nintendo Wii, but it wasn't available there.
"We were on a Mario binge," he said.
So the couple stopped in St. Cloud to look for the video game console. Adan started his attack just as they were entering the mall.
Schliep saw the commotion and dismissed it as just a group of people joking around.
"I just thought, 'That guy (Adan) is kind of an (expletive). He just made his friend drop her phone,'" he said.
Schliep walked through the first set of doors to enter the mall, turned around and saw Adan about six feet behind him. Because Adan donned a security uniform, Schliep first thought he was a police officer.
"He looked at me," Schliep said. "At that point he had that crazy look in his eye."
People stand near the entrance on the north side of Crossroads Center mall between Macy's and Target as officials investigate a reported multiple stabbing incident on Sept. 17 in St. Cloud. (Photo: Dave Schwarz, dschwarz@stcloudtimes.com)
And so Schliep prepared himself for a fist fight. Adan punched to the left side of Schliep's head, and that's when Schliep felt the knife. He hit the ground and the world went black, he said.
When he opened his eyes again, Schliep thought: "What the hell just happened?"
He was covered in blood, his hat, his shirt and undershirt. He stood up anyway. Another man walked through the door and yelled that Adan had stabbed his pregnant girlfriend.
So the two young men started to run after Adan. Schliep was fresh out of basic training.
"You get in the mode. You're just ready to go in and fix the problem," he said. "In my eyes, (Adan) was an enemy combatant."
Schliep thought he'd have a good chance fighting Adan, especially with the other man — "a big dude" — by his side, he said. But Adan was too fast.
An off-duty police officer shopping at the mall heard the commotion and confronted Adan with a gun. Adan didn't stand down, and the officer fatally shot him.
Most of the identities of the 10 victims remain unknown. Among the victims are a young couple, Isaiah Mordal and Johanna Bohnenkamp, who was pregnant at the time. They shared their account of the stabbing with different media outlets last year. Neither responded to interview requests last week.
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Schliep hasn't seen Mordal since they chased Adan in the mall, Schliep said. Schliep has been back to shop there once, but his girlfriend doesn't want to return.
After Adan outran him, Schliep called his girlfriend and met her at a clothing store. At that point, Schliep said he was "bleeding like a pig."
He couldn't find a first aid kit. Another shopper, a woman with two children, took clothes off the racks to stanch Schliep's bleeding head.
The blood clotted and a doctor told Schliep it would hurt to remove the scab, so medical staff left it and didn't stitch up the wound. The knife had pierced Schliep's skull, but missed his brain by a few millimeters, he said.
All that remains is a little scar, Schliep said. Mentally, he said, he's doing well. He doesn't have night terrors or feel haunted and doesn't think he needs to see a counselor, he said. Sometimes he carries a weapon with him. And he'll jump if someone sneaks up on him.
Schliep wants the FBI to release what it has learned about Adan. The federal agency took over the investigation shortly after the incident, but it's ongoing.
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The FBI is looking for terrorist ties to Adan, and President Donald Trump's administration has referred to the St. Cloud attack as terrorism.
Schliep praised the St. Cloud Police Department and paramedics for a quick response. In the future, Schliep said there's more citizens can do against terrorism.
If he had been more aware the night of the stabbing, he might have checked on the first victim outside of the mall, instead of dismissing the initial uproar, he said.
"Don't just put your nose down and walk past it," Schliep said. "If you see something that looks odd, you should definitely step up and say something."
Nora G. Hertel: 320-255-8746 and on Twitter @nghertel.
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