text:
List of adopted documents
Documents adopted by the Executive Committee
Transnational Company Agreements (TCA)
Economic and Social Cohesion
Economic governance
Economic and Social crisis
European Semester
Monetary and fiscal policies
Labour market policy
Lesbians, gay men, bisexuals, transgender, queer and intersex workers (LGBTIQ) rights
European pillar of social rights
European Social Dialogue
External Relations by geographical area
Transatlantic dialogue
Internal Market
Labour mobility
Treaty Change - Social Progress protocol
Workers' participation
Workers' Voice - National UPdates
Adaptation to Climate Change
Digital Platform Observatory
Social Dialogue projects
Skills and Innovation
Capacity Building on EU Social Dialogue
ETUCLEX
European Semester Toolkit
EURES / IRTUC
Getting young workers on board of the European Pillar of Social rights
LABOUR-INT
More Democracy at work
New Frontiers for Collective Bargaining
Social Protection for All (SociAll)
Standardisation (STAND)
Sustainable Development (SDG8)
UnionMigrantNet
Trade Unions For a Fair Recovery
Workers' rights in sub-contracting chains
Join a Union
Workers' voice - The ETUC newsletter - January 2023
Dear Readers, We have just published the January 2023 edition of the ETUC newsletter. To read the document, please click here. Enjoy!
UK anti-strike law 'beyond comprehension'
On Monday MPs in the UK will debate and vote on new minimum service level rules that ministers claim are copied from other European countries. In Europe wages are fixed by negotiations between trade unions and employers. In the UK just over a quarter of working people have their wages and working conditions set by such collective agreements. In Germany over half of all workers are covered by collective agreements, rising to three quarters in The Netherlands, over 80% in Denmark and Spain and over 90% in Austria and Belgium.
Net-Zero Industry Act: Now match the US on social standards
Trade unions today challenged the European Commission to match the United States on their commitments to raising social standards as well as subsidy levels through the Net-Zero Industry Act. ETUC and industriAll Europe leaders met with Commission Vice-President Valdis Dombrovskis to discuss the policies announced last week in response to the United States' Inflation Reduction Act.
EU mainstreams social dialogue – on paper
The European Commission has today announced plans which would mainstream social dialogue in decision making at European and national level - if they are effectively implemented. Commissioner Valdis Dombrovskis today presented a communication on strengthening social dialogue in the EU and a Council recommendation on supporting social dialogue at national level.
Unions meet US ambassador over green jobs
European trade union leaders have today met with the United States Trade Representative to discuss how to increase the number of quality green jobs in both the United States and Europe. A joint delegation from the ETUC and industriAll Europe today met Ambassador Katherine Tai in Brussels to discuss the need to support European companies in making a just transition to a green economy on both sides of the Atlantic.
MEPs to vote on ending fake self-employment – or not
The European Parliament will vote on the draft EU law on platform work rights and whether to stop fake self-employment on platforms. The plenary vote is due to be held on Thursday 19 January. The ETUC is urging MEPs to vote for the position agreed in the Employment Committee after long negotiations between the political groups. Trade unions are concerned that some members of the EPP, ECR and Renew will vote against it with the intention to further weaken the European Commission's draft Directive.
Eurobarometer: EU must do more on cost of living crisis
Responding to the Eurobarometer published today by the European Parliament, which shows the cost of living crisis is the biggest worry of citizens, ETUC General Secretary Esther Lynch said: "This poll should be a wake-up call for European leaders on the cost of living crisis.
Anti-strike law puts UK outside mainstream
Responding to UK Government claims that new anti-strike laws would bring the UK into line with Europe, European Trade Union Confederation General Secretary Esther Lynch said: "The UK already has among the most draconian restrictions on the right to strike in Europe, and the UK government's plans would push it even further away from normal, democratic practice across Europe.
ETUC Season's Greetings
Workers' voice - The ETUC newsletter - December 2022
Dear Readers,We have just published the December 2022 edition of the ETUC newsletter. To read the document, please click here. Enjoy!
EU gas price cap too little too late for workers
Commenting on the Energy Council's agreement on measures to limit excessive gas prices, ETUC Confederal Secretary Ludovic Voet said: "With energy bills now costing more than a month's wages in more than half of EU countries, any measure to limit excessive gas prices is good news.
Safety checks on dangerous machines restored after 15 years
Dangerous machinery will have to undergo independent safety checks for the first time in over 15 years under a newly-agreed EU regulation.
EU to agree equal pay for Christmas
Europe has taken an important step towards equal pay for work of equal value today with a final agreement on the pay transparency directive. The ETUC is calling on Member States to follow through and adopt the Directive in the Council before the Christmas break.
Dutch Labour Minister signs up for Zero Death At Work
Dutch Social Affairs and Employment Minister Karien van Gennip will today sign the European Trade Union Confederation (ETUC) 'Zero Death at Work' manifesto. Launched on Workers Memorial Day on 28 April this year, the manifesto calls on the EU and member states to take the actions needed to achieve zero death at work.by 2030.
Cost of Christmas dinner up 7 times more than wages
Families will be forced to cut back on Christmas dinner this year as a result of food prices rising up to seven times faster than wages, an analysis by the ETUC has found. Food prices, which is the second highest contributor to inflation after energy, have increased by a huge 18% across the European Union since last winter. The prices of items needed to cook a Christmas dinner have, on average across the EU, increased by: Meat: +16.4% Vegetables: +20.2% Potatoes: +17.6% Flour: +32.1
Council issues disappointing position ignoring the threats posed by asbestos
The Council has announced its position for the trialogue negotiations on the revision of the directive protecting workers from risks related to asbestos exposure. The Council focuses on the revision of the exposure limit value and the measuring method, just like the European Commission did in September 2022 by proposing a review of the Directive, which set a dangerously high maximum exposure level of 10,000 asbestos fibres/m3.
ETUC on media reports
The ETUC read in the media about the questioning of its former General Secretary by the Belgian authorities. The ETUC has no reason to believe that the investigation referred to in the media has any connection to the ETUC. The searches of premises referred to in the media did not include ETUC premises. The ETUC will cooperate with the authorities.
New European trade union leader to prioritise pay rises and solidarity
The new General Secretary of the European Trade Union Confederation (ETUC) has said she will prioritise improved pay for workers in the face of the continent-wide cost of living crisis. Esther Lynch, appointed General Secretary on 6th December will complete a journey from factory worker to the top of the European labour movement, says her organisation will work to create a broad alliance for higher wages, secure jobs and respect for collective bargaining.
Ministers should reject Czech platform proposal
The ETUC is calling on national ministers to reject the proposal of the Czech presidency on the platform work directive. The Czech proposal, which would weaken the directive, was rejected at COREPER last week following objections from eight member states. However, the Czech presidency has still failed to respond to concerns about their proposal and is pressing ahead in putting a largely unchanged proposal which they will present again to COREPER on Wednesday before trying to secure the agreement of ministers at EPSCO on Thursday. Their proposal would:
National UPdates n°26 - Winter 2022
Dear readers, As regular readers of National UPdates will know, we usually try to highlight some of the less obvious trade union activities at national level. However, the current cost-of-living crisis has led to strikes and demonstrations across Europe, as workers see the value of their wages plummet. So, in this issue we also summarise some of the trade union actions, in different countries, designed to defend workers and their families.
Competitiveness Council excludes unions and workers from fight against human rights violations by companies
Today, the Competitiveness Council adopted its "general approach" for the trialogue negotiations on the Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CSDD). "The position taken by the Council is very disappointing to say the least", says Isabelle Schömann, ETUC Confederal Secretary. "The Council position waters down an already unambitious proposal by the Commission.
Workers' voice - The ETUC newsletter - November 2022
Dear Readers, We have just published the November 2022 edition of the ETUC newsletter. To read the document, please click here. Enjoy!
ETUC calls on Competitiveness Council to send a strong signal to protect human rights
Tomorrow - 1 December – at the EU Competitiveness Council, Ministers will try to reach a general approach to the directive on corporate sustainability due diligence (CSDD), which introduces an obligation on companies to identify and prevent, end or mitigate the impact of their activities on human rights, including trade union and workers' rights, and the environment.
MEPs call on EU to strengthen European Works Councils
The European Parliament's Employment Committee today adopted by a large majority MEP Dennis Radtke's (EPP) legislative initiative report on the revision of the European Works Council Directive. MEPs call on the European Commission to improve the Directive on Works Councils to:
Stop bosses firing revenge porn victims
Bosses should be prevented from discriminating against victims of revenge porn and other forms of online sexual harassment at work as part of the EU directive on combating violence against women. The European Trade Union Confederation is making the call on the international day for the elimination of violence against women amid growing evidence employers are discriminating against victims of image-based sexual harassment.
The ETUC is the voice of workers and represents 45 million members from 93 trade union organisations in 41 European countries, plus 10 European Trade Union Federations.
Aims and priorities
Organisation and people
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© ETUC 2023 — European Trade Union Confederation / EU transparency register number 06698681039-26


text:
Tiger Field Guide
Surfing with Safari, Tiger-Style
By Dan Frakes
Searching in the Spotlight
Syncing things up
Delegating the grunt work
Discovering the Dashboard
Sharpening the picture
Adding to the Core
Exploring under the hood
Overhauling the inbox
When Apple took the wraps off Tiger at last June's Worldwide Developer Conference, you could sum up the bulk of their planned changes to the Safari Web browser—at least those changes they felt like talking about publicly—with three letters—RSS.
That's RSS, as in Really Simple Syndication (or Rich Site Summary, or RDF Site Summary, or one of an apparently endless number of other phrases that can be "acronymed" down to RSS), a way in which Web sites can provide summaries of articles and other new content via a simple summary page, called a feed . (These feeds don't use HTML, but rather one of several RSS formats that few Web browsers can understand.) With Safari 2.0, included with OS X 10.4, Mac users no longer need a dedicated RSS client such as Ranchero Software's NetNewsWire to view these RSS feeds; instead, they can enjoy the latest feed updates right in Safari.
There's certainly more to Safari than RSS—more on that in a moment—but with Tiger now shipping, we can finally see the features Steve Jobs described last summer in all their glory. As Jobs outlined, when browsing a site that features an RSS feed—both RSS and Atom formats are supported—a blue RSS icon appears in Safari's address bar. Clicking the icon displays the feed right in your Safari window, and a simple slider control lets you adjust the size of article summaries on the fly.
But Safari's RSS-related features also include a few neat tricks that haven't been widely covered: You can bookmark a feed just like you would any other Web site; but unlike normal bookmarks, Safari automatically monitors RSS bookmarks for new content, displaying the number of new articles next to the bookmark name. And Safari's RSS Personal Clipping Service goes one step further, by allowing you to search a particular RSS feed for a specific topic and then bookmark that search —Safari will automatically watch for new articles in that feed that fit your search criteria, and notify you when such articles appear.
If you're already using a dedicated RSS client, will Safari's support for RSS be good enough to convince you to switch? On the one hand, I haven't seen a feature like Safari's Personal Clipping Service in any other application. On the other hand, dedicated RSS clients generally offer features that advanced users will appreciate, such as more options for browsing, searching, and viewing articles; the ability to flag and filter articles; and more powerful feed management capabilities. The good news is that you have a choice: If—like me—you'd rather read RSS feeds in your current RSS client, Safari lets you set your default RSS reader as another application; clicking on an RSS icon in the Safari address bar will display the feed in that application.
But Apple has also added many significant features to Safari unrelated to RSS. Here's a rundown of the highlights:
Improved Performance Apple says Tiger's Safari loads pages "1.8 times faster than Safari 1.2 on Panther" and that it's the fastest browser on the Mac. We say it's noticeably faster than the previous version.
Saving Websites One of the most common complaints about Safari since its 2003 debut has been that you can't save a complete Web page to disk. (You could save pages as PDF files, but then you lose links and other HTML features.) As Apple indicated last June, with Safari 2.0 you can now choose to save pages as Web Archives, which preserve all page content, including images, text, and formatting. You can also e-mail these contents, or just a URL link, via simple menu commands.
Private Browsing Your browsing history, cookies, and cache files can contain information about where you've been, and even the content of those sites. Safari's new Private Browsing feature, announced by Apple last year, disables these features while browsing—great for browsing on a public computer or even for the extra-cautious at home. (However, note that Private Browsing isn't retroactive. If you've visited a site prior to enabling Private Browsing, remnants of that visit—cache files, cookies, and possibly even auto-fill values such as your name and password—may still be sitting around. So to fully benefit from Private Browsing, you'll likely want to make sure that you don't already have cookies and auto-fill data for "private" sites.)
Parental Controls If you've got tykes in the house and don't want them visiting the seedy underside of the Internet, Tiger lets you restrict Safari's reach. With this feature enabled for an account, the user can only browse to sites included in the Bookmarks Bar; to visit an unapproved site, an administrator has to add that site to the user's Bookmarks Bar.
PDF Viewing You no longer need to install a third-party plug-in in order to view online PDFs in Safari. That being said, plug-ins such as Shubert|it's PDF Browser Plugin or the one installed by Adobe Acrobat Reader 7 still provide more viewing options than Safari 2.0's built-in functionality.
Bookmark Changes Safari now features a "filter" search field, just like the one found in iTunes, that lets you quickly search through your bookmarks, RSS feeds, and history—or within any single group. For example, now you can restrict your search for "iPod" to just those sites you've visited recently.
You can also easily export your Safari bookmarks to an HTML file and import HTML-formatted bookmarks—eliminating the need for third-party software to share your bookmarks between computers or with friends.
Image Tools See a great image on a Web site? Control/right-click the image and choose the new Add Image to iPhoto Library command to send it to iPhoto. Or save the image file to your Desktop via the Save Image to the Desktop command.
More Obvious Download Security When you download an application—or even just a disk image that contains an application—Safari asks you if you're sure you want to do this. If so, the download finishes; if not, Safari stops the download and deletes the file.
Better Text Editing In Tiger, Safari offers significantly improved text editing (for example, when typing text in a text entry box). Two of the handiest new features include undo/redo and support for standard Mac OS X keyboard shortcuts (e.g., Command-left/right moves to the beginning/end of the line). The new version also supports "contenteditable" content, which allows for WYSIWYG/RichText editing right on a Web page.
Security Certificate Details If you're ever curious about a secure site's certificate, click the lock icon at the top of the Safari window to get the complete details.
Looking at this list, it's clear that Tiger's edition of Safari is much more than just "Safari with RSS," as it was originally described last June. Over the past couple years, a good number of Mac users have migrated from Safari to browsers such as Firefox, Mozilla, OmniWeb, and Opera; by adding features users have been requesting for some time, and including other new features many people will appreciate, Apple just may bring some of these users back into the Safari fold.
[ Senior writer Dan Frakes is the author of Mac OS X Power Tools , second edition (Sybex, 2004). ]
The release of a major OS update gives Macs users their first chance to use the features Apple has...
The box for OS X 10.4 features Apple's X logo bathed in a spotlight. It's no...
The latest version of Safari adds RSS features to Apple's Web browser. But, as Dan Frakes...
Apple built .Mac syncing directly into Tiger. Chuck Toporek looks at what this enhancend syncing...
Think of Automator, one of the new features added in Tiger, as one of those 21st-century robots you...
Alternate desktop offers access to mini-apps
The latest update to OS X also brings a new version of QuickTime. The biggest enhancement is the...
Much like the Core Audio and Core MIDI changes introduced in Panther, OS X 10.4 adds a technology...
While it doesn't have the cool factor of things like Automator and Spotlight, the Unix...
A new version of Tiger brings a new version of the built-in Mail application. And Apple has taken...
Expanding your chats
With Tiger, Apple has upgraded iChat AV with the ability to set up multi-person video and audio...
Installing the update
You've read about the features, you've bought the upgrade—but how do you go about...
Giving OS X a voice
VoiceOver, a built-in screen reader, highlights the improvements to accessibility features in OS X...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Looking to connect with the spirit world? Want to embark on self discovery? Raven as a Spirit, Totem, and Power Animal can help! Raven teaches how to hear messages from the otherworld and the real beauty of your shadow side. Delve deeply in Raven symbolism and meaning to find out how this animal spirit guide can uplift, enlighten, and inspire you.
A Raven totem means that you are often the human version of Mercury, delivering information to others. This may be something mundane like guidance in their protection or something deeply spiritual. Raven people often walk the line between the worlds, acting as a bridge.
There is no doubt that you will dabble with magic when you walk with Raven. You'll also find your ability to transform your life in meaningful ways expanding.
Raven spirit challenges you, however, to look honestly at yourself and ask "Never more?" – what hides in the shadows of your being that's holding you back?
Bring that negativity into the light and cry with the Raven, NEVER MORE.
Having the Raven as a power animal is one way to begin learning the language of animals. Raven knows how to change his song, and by listening you can learn much about Nature's symbols and signs.
Raven Spirit asks for your respect, not your fear. This Being awakens your inner Shaman, and helps stimulate karmic memories. As these memories emerge they will help you deal with something important in the real world or on your spiritual path.
When you walk with raven anticipate change and new perspectives. Be ready to delve into the realms of the unconscious and reaching for your true Be-ing. This is a hard process, but it brings long-lasting healing in mind, body and soul. This is your moment of rebirth.
Various Native American tribes tell stories of Raven as the creator of the world including the Inuit and Salish tribes. Nonetheless, Raven is also a trickster who paired humans together and acted as a protector and provider.
In some stories it is Raven that steals and releases the sun similarly to Prometheus.
Celtic tradition associated the Raven with numerous bigger-than-life figures including the goddess Morriigan, Bran the Blessed (who was thought to have the power to protect a whole city), and the sun god Lugh, just to name a few. Throughout the Celtic regions Raven represented war and death as well as magical mysteries and prophetic abilities.
Dreams about Ravens symbolize transformation and dreaming of a Raven or Ravens is letting you know that change is right around the corner – particularly in your perspectives.
Raven may be calling to you to take your magic to new levels, or reminding you of an important lesson. In either case, there's about to be a LOT of activity in your life, so prepare accordingly.
Learn more about Raven Spirit by reading What Do Dreams About Raven Mean? on WhatIsMySpiritAnimal.com!
Raven is one of the 12 Native American Zodiac Signs.
People born under the sign of the Raven have high energy levels and a passion for success. Raven people will not give up easily. You are here to beat the odds turning disadvantages into benefits.
The Raven corresponds to the Western Astrological sign of Scorpio and the Monkey in the Chinese Astrological calendar. In these associations we see the playfulness inherent in Raven as well as the "fire" of the Scorpio.
When Raven souls manifest their personal power its quite a spectacle to behold. Their quick minds and cunning rarely let them down. However, in their youth Ravens must learn how to respect their animal traits and not use them for harm or selfishness.
China, Japan and Korea have overlapping imagery for Raven and Crow, with stories referring to a solar creature that moved the sun, cleansed the land after terrible battles, and acted as a guide for sacred journeys. In this respect, if you are pondering a pilgrimage call upon Raven for company and advice.
Today is July 18, 2018, according to numerology, it is the number "1" which is beginnings. Well, my story is this: I have been fighting to try to change myself, to change my location where I live. I have been trying to find my voice and be more of who I am as well, instead of fitting into a box. I also was trying to find a new username online, a new blog name and a new pagan-Witch name to fit this new way of feeling and thinking. Over the course of 8 years, I have used so many names that did not quite fit me.
Well, within the last two weeks I was toying with wild, fierce, phoenix and I could not come up with anything that really fit me. I used a website called name-checker and I looked up how to find your pagan name with numerology, well as I am doing all the math and what not, I went to type into name-checker "wildphoenixheart" instead my fingers typed "wildravenheart"! Mind you I was in shock I typed it and no intention of it. Come to find out it was not used at all online!!
Imagine my surprise and excitement!!
Also, I have been drawn to the number 7 since I was a child and WildRavenHeart is "7" in numerology.
Now to make matters more interesting here where I live we have two ravens who sit in the eucalyptus tree outside the apartment I lived in for two years, they used to sit on the branch and make sounds calling out. I would go to the window and chat with them, they would chat back. I left them trinkets too. Well, we moved apartments just to another building same community, they now sit in the eucalyptus tree right outside my office window and make their sounds again.
I know this is a sign for me.
I Did today a meditation to find out What my totem animal is and surprised it was the Raven.
No I was searching for more info I came on this page And read your story.
I have wondered why i have seen the Raven fly so high in the sky to rrst on a tree in my garden.Then another one arrives spreading it wings so wide in the sky was beautiful.My feeling was amazing. I wondering is this my Totem or power animal or spirit.i only just come across your page.I am starting out on my spiritual path. I listen to the birds everyday in song. Could anyone tell me to which its is as i said above. Thank you love & light.
one day I was walking my dog and I notice A big raven in the middle of the street.I stopped for A minute to admire the size and beauty of this raven.when I proceeded to go back to my destination,this huge bird ended up on the side walk right in front of me.I just stood there for about a minute ,and watch him fly about A foot from my head .The weird thing about this experience is my dog normally would bark or try to chase any kind of animal, but he was in A daze like myself.to be honest it felt like time just froze.Such A strange feeling.
A juvenile raven fell out of my chimney and into the lounge room and kitchen where I found him. He is the size of my forearm including hand…just enormous.
He just looked at me innocently but was very calm and unaggressive. He was trying to get out through the window but he didn't even pierce the insulation film on the window.
So I got some sunglasses on (Elvis ones were handy at the time!) and a protective hooded jacket and just walked through the kitchen and left both doors open. Then I checked through the window from outside that he'd gone through the window.
Sure enough, he'd flown onto the garage roof and was watching me.
I had no idea how he'd got into the house at first. I thought my boarders had left the back door open but later I saw evidence of his being in the loungeroom later, and then today I heard the sounds of the raven in the chimney. The lining had been broken and you can see light now through the chimney. Wow.
They are extremely intelligent birds and he will not be likely to make the same mistake again.
As the boarders are Japanese and extremely afraid of birds, I'm hoping it won't happen again. I just have to keep the doors closed in case.
Going through a lot of transformation at the moment, so the fact that they've been nesting at my place is an honor and is timely.
I guess it's my totem for now.
Apparently there may be more than one which is nesting….which is why the caution. The Japanese students are just terrified of birds. Luckily they didn't see it.
Some people are just irrationally afraid. Like I had 2 black belt karate people staying and I had to go into their room and remove a harmless huntsman spider. They were each totally freaking out. I mean, I'm female and not terribly strong physically….the Huntsman is a large spider but it's without venom. We have a lot of wildlife in Australia and foreigners from urban areas just get terrified instead of educating themselves.
I got them to show me their black belts after that! lol!
I always had a very intimate link with this animal, ravens always intrigued me, and especially after I found out my name is the Portuguese variant of (among other things) of the Celtic term for raven, this link strengthened. And really, looking at this description, it really clicks with me, especially the mystery thing. Who knows, maybe this is my animal totem!
Last night I had a dream about an injured raven. It was really friendly and was following me so I tried to pick it up but then I realised a puss-filled wound down the belly that pretty much went from it's neck to it's tail. I told the people around me to call a vet and I can't remember what happened after that. Also, before I picked it up, it started walking around the guy next to me, almost tripping him up and he got angery and tried to harm it but failed. I feel strongly that this dream has a meaning but I can't find any information about dreams of injured ravens so I would be so grateful if someone could help. Thank you!
I have a family of Ravens that are always in my yard in the mornings. We are very friendly with one another. After reading this I know that one of my totems is definitely the Raven, from being an artist to my playful mischievous side. I'm a Clairvoyant and a Channel. Astrologically I am a triple Cancer and a Monkey though I do have Scorpio in Neptune. I also have a great deal of Red Fox and Dolphin personalities in me. Just wanted to say I loved the whole article.


"Expats used to be the driving force behind the yacht market in Asia but more and more Asian nationals are now entering the market. This is an exciting emerging market to be a part of," said Adam Whittle, Partner at Brookes Bell Global Superyacht Division.
Singapore has been the trailblazer in the development of the infrastructure needed to attract superyachts to the region, with significant investment in marinas and yacht clubs and an open door for companies providing services to the superyacht sector. The Singapore Maritime Academy (SMA) has also offered maritime education and training since 2000, while Hong Kong has been instrumental in promoting superyachts for charter in the region.
However, all eyes are still on China, widely anticipated to rule the waves in the luxury yacht market, but the question is when?
As China's millennial generation comes of age, creating unprecedented levels of personal wealth, their lifestyle and travel choices are becoming more adventurous. Superyacht charter and ownership are now within the reach of many but there's still a lack of awareness and exposure to the yachting lifestyle.
"We need to work to overcome the lack of knowledge and understanding of the boating lifestyle as it's a hurdle for many people new to superyachting," said Adam.
Building on 30 years' experience in Europe, the USA and the Caribbean, Brookes Bell has been present in Asia for nine years and has witnessed growth in the market firsthand. With a team of 20 people across offices in Singapore, Shanghai and Hong Kong, their multi-disciplinary team includes marine surveyors, naval architects, marine engineers, master mariners, fire investigators, coatings specialists, metallurgists and fuel chemists.
"Our three offices join up the region in terms of the services we offer. If there is a fire or casualty on a superyacht anywhere in Asia, we can respond quickly and provide our expert services." said John Gibson, Marine Engineer and Head of Brookes Bell in Asia.
With the growing number of superyachts now visiting the region, Asian shipyards are also adapting to the requirements of superyachts needing surveys, maintenance and repairs. Brookes Bell has been representing owners and liaising with Asian shipyards for many years, also acting as independent surveyors or investigators. In the digital age this includes the use of new technologies such as 3D laser scanning and drones saving time and reducing costs for both sides.
To share their firsthand knowledge with clients and the industry in general, Brookes Bell hold regular seminars in Hong Kong, providing a valuable platform for exploring ideas and solutions for the development of the marine market in Asia. The next seminar will take place on 9th May 2019.


text:
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Trends in hospital admissions, in-hospital case fatality and population mortality from congenital heart disease in England, 1994 to 2004
J Billett1,
A Majeed2,
M Gatzoulis3,
M Cowie4
Imperial College London, Department of Primary Care and Social Medicine, Imperial College London, UK
Department of Primary Care and Social Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney Street, London, UK
National Heart and Lung Institute, London, UK
Julie Billett, Specialist Trainee in Public Health and Honorary Research Fellow, Imperial College London, Department of Primary Care and Social Medicine, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Campus, Reynolds Building, St Dunstan's Road, London W6 8RD, UK; juliebillett{at}yahoo.co.uk
Objective: To ascertain time trends in rates of hospital admission, operations, in-hospital case fatality and general mortality for congenital heart disease (CHD) in England and Wales.
Design: Retrospective analysis of Hospital Episodes Statistics for England (April 1995 to March 2004) and mortality statistics for England and Wales (1994–2003).
Population: All NHS patients admitted with a primary diagnosis of CHD to hospitals in England, and all deaths in England and Wales with an underlying cause of CHD.
Main outcome measures: Age-standardised hospital admission rates, case fatality rates and death rates from congenital heart disease.
Results: Between 1995/1996 and 2003/2004 the age-standardised hospital admission rate for CHD increased from 30.7 per 100 000 (95% CI 29.9 to 31.4) to 35.5 per 100 000 (95% CI 34.7 to 36.4) in men and boys and from 28.2 per 100 000 (95% CI 27.4 to 28.9) to 32.8 per 100 000 (95% CI 32.0 to 33.6) in women and girls. Between 1997/1998 and 2003/2004 in-hospital case fatality rates fell from 2.10% (95% CI 1.97 to 2.22) to 0.83% (95% CI 0.74 to 0.92). Population mortality fell steadily over the decade from 1994 to 2003 in men and women, with the largest proportionate decrease in the 1–4-year age group.
Conclusion: Admission rates for CHD have increased over the past decade, particularly amongst patients in older age groups. There has also been a significant decrease in both in-hospital case fatality rates and in general population mortality rates. These trends are consistent with improvements in the quality of care for these patients, improvements in survival and the predicted expansion in the number of adults living with CHD.
hospital admissions
time trends
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the most common forms of congenital anomaly in the UK,1 affecting between five and eight live births in every 1000.2–4 As a group, cardiovascular malformations account for a large proportion of all congenital anomaly deaths – over 40% in 2003.5 Around three-quarters of all congenital heart defects diagnosed in childhood are recognised by the age of 1, and a further 18% are diagnosed between the ages of 1 and 4.6 A small proportion of structural and/or valvular defects present later on in adulthood.7
The incidence of CHD is thought to have remained relatively stable over the past 50 years. In their review of more than 60 studies of CHD incidence published since 1955, Hoffman and Kaplan found no evidence for a change in the incidence of heart defects over time, after taking into account variations in case definition and methods of ascertainment between studies.2 The past half century has also seen dramatic improvements in survival from CHD owing to major developments in the diagnosis and management of CHD.6 8 9 More than 85% of people born with a heart defect are now expected to survive to adulthood.10 A reduction in postoperative mortality following paediatric cardiac surgery has also been reported nationally.11 12 On the basis of these trends, experts predict a substantial increase in the number of adults living with CHD.6 13–15 The British Cardiac Society Working Party's report on CHD in adults estimates that, between 2000 and 2010, the number of people aged 16 years and over living with CHD in the UK will increase by 25%.15
Whilst there has been intense study and scrutiny of paediatric CHD in recent years following the Bristol Inquiry,16 there is a dearth of population-level data on the management of and outcomes for older patients with CHD and few studies have examined the overall mortality burden at a national level.17 Most studies of CHD-associated mortality or survival have tended to focus on populations living in particular geographic regions,6 18 or undergoing surgical interventions at specialist centres.10 19
Analysis of hospital admissions data and national mortality statistics can go some way towards filling this gap. National trends in mortality due to CHD, particularly in the context of a relatively stable disease incidence over time, may tell us something about changing patterns of survival and quality of health care provision for this population of patients. In this article, we examine trends in hospital admissions, operation and case fatality rates for CHD between 1995/1996 and 2003/2004 in England, and trends in overall mortality due to CHD between 1994 and 2003 in England and Wales.
Hospital episode statistics
The Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) database holds data for England on the care provided by NHS hospitals (including to patients treated privately) and for NHS hospital patients treated elsewhere. Private hospitals are not covered. For the 2003/2004 financial year, HES collected over 13 million records detailing episodes of inpatient treatment delivered by NHS hospitals.20
From April 1995, HES data have been coded using the International Classification of Diseases 10th revision (ICD-10). All operations and procedures recorded within HES are coded using the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys list of surgical operations and procedures, fourth revision (OPCS4). The "main operation" is the first recorded and is normally the most resource-intensive procedure. This study examines admissions for CHD, and the main operations performed in relation to those admissions.
The HES records included in this study are finished consultant episodes (FCEs). Each FCE details a continuous period of care under a specific consultant at a single provider that ends in internal transfer, discharge or death. If, during a spell of treatment, a patient is transferred to another consultant and/or to a different provider, a new FCE record will be generated. The first FCE during an admission spell can be used as a proxy measure for the number of admissions.
Hospital admission rates
Data on all inpatient and day case admissions in which CHD was recorded in the primary diagnosis field were obtained for analysis. Data were obtained for each financial year between 1995/1996 and 2003/2004. Admission rates were calculated using these data and mid-year population estimates for England. As admissions data are presented in financial years (April to March), and population estimates in calendar years, the population estimates for the year overlapping 9 months of the financial year were used. To allow comparison over time and between sexes, directly age-standardised rates were calculated using the European Standard population.
Operation rates
For patients admitted with a primary diagnosis of CHD, data on all operations and procedures performed during their first FCE were also obtained. The proportion of admissions in which the main operation was either on the heart or on the veins and arteries was calculated by age and sex. Direct age standardisation was performed, taking the population of hospital admissions for CHD in 2003/2004 as the reference population. The proportion of admissions in which the main operation fell into one of 13 broad procedure groups was also examined. These 13 procedure groupings were developed as part of a previous analysis of HES data for the Bristol Inquiry by Aylin et al.21 As shown in table 1, the majority map onto the procedure categories used by the UK Cardiac Surgical Register.
Table 1 Congenital heart disease procedure groupings21
Directly age-standardised operation rates for each procedure grouping were calculated, using the population of hospital admissions for CHD in 2003/2004 as the reference population.
In-hospital case fatality rates
For patients admitted with a primary diagnosis of CHD, deaths occurring in any FCE within the admission spell were identified. Using the unique HES patient identifier (available for the years 1997/1998 onwards), any duplicate recordings of death for individual patients in successive FCEs were removed. Case fatality rates were calculated as the percentage of admissions ending in death. Age-standardised rates were also calculated, using all hospital admissions for CHD in 2003/2004 as the standard population.
Mortality statistics for England and Wales were obtained from the Office for National Statistics. These are recorded in calendar years and were coded using ICD-9 from 1979 to 2000 inclusive and ICD-10 from 2001 onwards (table 2). All deaths with an underlying cause of CHD were identified for the years 1994–2003.
Table 2 ICD coding for congenital heart disease in national mortality data
Age and sex-specific mortality rates were calculated using ONS mid-year population estimates for England and Wales for the relevant years as denominators. Death rates were directly standardised using the European population.
The total number of hospital admissions with a primary diagnosis of CHD increased from 12 866 in 1995/1996 to 14 109 in 2003/2004, a 9.7% increase.
Age-standardised rates of hospital admission for a primary diagnosis of CHD increased in men and boys from 30.7 per 100 000 (95% CI 29.9 to 31.4) in 1995/1996 to 35.5 per 100 000 (95% CI 34.7 to 36.4) in 2003/2004 (table 3). Similarly in women and girls there was a statistically significant increase in age-standardised rates of hospital admission for CHD over that time period. Rates rose from 28.2 per 100 000 (95% CI 27.4 to 28.9) in 1995/1996 to 32.8 per 100 000 (95% CI 32.0 to 33.6) in 2003/2004.
Table 3 Age-standardised hospital admission rates for congenital heart disease per 100 000 population by age and sex, 1995/1996 to 2003/2004
In each year between 1995/1996 and 2003/2004, the number and rate of hospital admissions were higher for men and boys than for women and girls. This difference was significant in all years except 1999/2000 and 2002/2003.
Rates of hospital admission have remained relatively stable in children aged under 1. In all other age groups, rates of hospital admission have increased over time. The greatest proportionate increase in both sexes was in the 45–64 year age group.
In absolute terms, about one-third of all admissions with a primary diagnosis of CHD are accounted for by children under 1 year of age, although this proportion has been declining steadily over time. In 1995/1997, 38.7% (95% CI 37.9% to 39.5%) of all admissions were in children under 1, compared with 32.4% (95% CI 31.6% to 33.1%) in 2003/2004. Correspondingly, the proportion of admissions for CHD accounted for by persons aged 25 years and over has increased from 21.5% (95% CI 20.8% to 22.2%) in 1995/1996 to 27.3% (95% CI 26.6% to 28.0%) in 2003/2004. (See online supplementary data.)
A procedure on the heart (OPCS4 codes K01 to K71) was performed as the main operation in 4886 (34.6%) admissions with a primary diagnosis of CHD in 2003/2004. In 2660 (18.8%) admissions for CHD, the main operation involved a procedure on the veins and arteries (OPCS4 codes L01–L97).
Figure 1 shows the age-specific rates of main operation on the heart and on the arteries and veins, in patients admitted with a primary diagnosis of CHD. Rates are based on pooled data for the years 1995/1996 to 2003/2004.
Figure 1 Age-specific operation rates in admissions for congenital heart disease, 1995/1996 to 2003/2004 combined.
Rates of operation on the heart rise to a sharp peak in the 5–9-year age group, fall in later adolescence and young adulthood and then steadily rise to a second peak in the 65–69-year age group. The lowest operation rates on the heart are seen in the very old age groups (80 years and above). Rates of operation on the arteries and veins exhibit a different pattern. Rates are lowest in the very young, rising to a peak in middle age, and then gradually declining in the older age groups.
Operations in procedure groups
Operations in the 13 procedure groupings were performed as the main operation in 1829 (13.0%) admissions for CHD in 2003/2004. Of the 13 procedure groups, closure of secundum and sinus venosus atrial septal defects (group 6) were by far the most frequently performed main operation in the period 1995/1996 to 2003/2004. The second most common group of procedures was closure of ventricular septal defects (group 7) (see table 4).
Table 4 Age-standardised operation rates for 13 CHD procedure groupings, 1995/1996 and 2003/2004
Age-specific rates of operation for all procedures in the 13 procedure groupings exhibit a broadly similar pattern to age-specific operation rates for all heart procedures, as seen in fig 1. (See online supplementary data.)
Trends in the age-standardised rate of operation for each of the 13 procedure groupings are shown in table 4. Between 1995/1996 and 2003/2004 the largest proportionate increase in the age-standardised operation rate was in Fontan-type procedures (group 9), although this represents an absolute increase in procedure numbers of just 47. The largest proportionate decrease was seen in group 2 (interatrial transposition of the great arteries), although the absolute decrease in procedure numbers was again small,11 reflecting the small total number of procedures.
Case fatality rates
The absolute number of deaths in patients admitted with a primary diagnosis of CHD fell from 295 in 1997/1998 to 221 in 2003/2004. Deaths in the under-1-year age group account for 65% or more of all deaths in each year of the study.
There has been a statistically significant decrease in age-standardised case fatality rates amongst persons admitted with a primary diagnosis of CHD over the period of the study. The age-standardised case fatality rate fell from 2.20% (95% CI 2.06 to 2.34) in 1997/1998 to 1.57% (95% CI 1.44 to 1.69) in 2003/2004. (See online supplementary data.) This decrease in case fatality has not been confined to children under 1 year of age but is evident across all age groups, as shown in table 5.
Table 5 Age-standardised case fatality rates for hospital admissions with a primary diagnosis of congenital heart disease, 1997/1998 to 2003/2004
Population mortality rates
The number of deaths with an underlying cause of CHD fell from 716 in 1994 to 540 in 2003. In 2003, 107 (19.8%) of the 540 deaths due to CHD were in children under 1 year of age. These 107 deaths accounted for 3% of all deaths in infancy.
The proportion of deaths due to CHD that occur in children under 1 has remained relatively stable over the past decade (see fig 2). The proportion of deaths in children aged 1–9 fell from 14.4% in 1994 to 7.8% in 2003. The proportion of deaths occurring in adults aged 25 years and over has increased. Deaths in adults aged 45 years and over accounted for 43.1% of all CHD deaths in 2003, compared with 39.1% in 1994.
Figure 2 Percentage of deaths from congenital heart disease by age group, 1994–2003.
There has been a statistically significant decrease in age-standardised mortality rates for CHD between 1994 and 2003 (table 6). Age-standardised death rates fell by around 26% both in men and boys and in women and girls over this time period. Looking at age-specific death rates, the decline in mortality is apparent across all age groups. The largest proportionate decrease in mortality in both sexes was in the 1–4-year age group, followed by the 5–14-year age group.
Table 6 Age-standardised mortality rates for congenital heart disease (underlying cause), by age and sex, 1994–2003
As figure 3 shows, age-standardised death rates have been higher in men and boys than in women and girls for the entire period from 1994 to 2003, although since 1999 the difference in rates has not been statistically significant.
Figure 3 Age-standardised death rates for congenital heart disease (underlying cause) 1994–2003, by sex.
This is the first study to examine national time trends in hospital admission rates, case fatality rates and population mortality rates for CHD. Our study shows a rise of 16% in the age-standardised rate of hospital admission for CHD between 1995/1996 and 2003/2004. Hospital admissions amongst children under 1 have remained relatively stable over the period of the study. The largest proportionate increase in admissions has been amongst adults (in particular adults aged 45–64 years). Nevertheless, children under 5 continue to account for half of all admissions to hospital with a primary diagnosis of CHD.
In just over one-third of patients admitted with a primary diagnosis of CHD, an operation on the heart is recorded as the main operation. There is wide variation in operation rates on the heart with age. Rates peak at just under 50% in children aged 5–9 years, fall off again in adolescence and young adulthood, and rise to a second, slightly lower peak in middle age. A lower proportion of admissions (19%) undergo a main operation on the veins and arteries. Rates of operation on the veins and arteries are highest in middle-aged patients. Of the 13 more specific procedure groups examined, closure of atrial septal defects and closure of ventricular septal defects were the two most commonly performed groups of procedures between 1995/1996 and 2003/2004.
Case fatality rates in patients admitted with a primary diagnosis of CHD have fallen by 29% between 1995/1996 and 2003/2004. Decreases in in-hospital mortality have occurred across all age groups, and not just in children.
With respect to overall mortality, the absolute number of deaths with an underlying cause of CHD decreased by 25% between 1994 and 2003, whilst the age-standardised death rate from CHD has declined by 26% over this decade. Deaths in adults aged 45 years and over now account for more than 40% of all deaths due to CHD. Between 1994 and 2003 the largest proportionate decline in age-standardised death rates occurred in children aged between 1 and 4 years. Mortality rates from CHD were consistently higher in men and boys than in women and girls over the period of the study.
Strengths and weaknesses of the study
The principal limitation of this study relates to the quality of HES data. The accuracy and completeness of hospital admissions coding is known to vary over time and by hospital, and this inevitably introduces errors into the calculation of hospital admission rates, operation rates and case fatality rates. We used first FCEs with a primary diagnosis of CHD as a proxy for admissions. Episodes of care in which CHD was coded as a secondary or other non-primary diagnosis were not included in the study. Whilst this focus on primary diagnoses is an approach commonly employed in analyses of hospital admissions, concerns regarding the quality of diagnostic coding in CHD, particularly for adult patients, mean that our findings should be interpreted with caution. Compared with childhood admissions, adults may be less likely to have CHD coded as their primary diagnosis, either because of the general culture and setting of hospital care for adult CHD patients, or because adults are more likely to be admitted with acquired disease. Our study may therefore underestimate the true burden of hospital admissions and procedures for adult patients.
Our numerator for the calculation of case fatality rates should capture all deaths occurring in any FCE, and not just first FCEs. Restricting our analysis to 1997/1998 onwards, we were able to use the unique HES patient identifier to remove any duplicate recording of death for the same patient. Whilst there will be some inaccuracy in the calculation of case fatality rates owing to the use of first FCEs as a proxy denominator for admissions, the interpretation of trends over time should not be affected.
Patients admitted to private hospitals in England are excluded from the HES database. However, for serious diagnoses such as CHD, the number of admissions and operations performed in private hospitals is likely to be very small, and therefore this exclusion is unlikely to affect our main findings.
The use of national mortality data over a decade allows trends in death rates to be identified reliably. Moreover, the use of national-level data provides large denominators and numerators for the study of this relatively uncommon condition. Virtually all deaths are captured by the death registration system; therefore it is unlikely that systematic errors will occur due to missing data. With the move to ICD-10 coding in 2001, the Office for National Statistics (ONS) also introduced a new hierarchical classification for deriving an underlying cause of death in neonatal deaths and stillbirths. Such changes in coding and classification can affect the numbers of deaths that are coded to a particular cause, and may lead to spurious changes over time. Bridge coding studies are conducted to examine the comparability of deaths coded under new and previous classifications. Bridge coding studies conducted in Scotland and the United States have shown that, with the introduction of ICD-10, there was a small decrease in the number of deaths coded as having an underlying cause of CHD.22 23 It is possible that changes in death coding could account for a small proportion of the observed decline in mortality rates from CHD between 2000 and 2001. However, continuation of the decline in death rates beyond 2001 suggests that the observed decline is genuine rather than artefactual.
A bridge coding study using the new ONS methodology for assigning an underlying cause to neonatal deaths also showed that, on moving from ICD-9 to ICD-10, there was a very small decrease (1%) in the number of deaths categorised as "congenital anomalies", but no significant change in death rates from this group of causes.22 It is therefore unlikely that this change in methodology for classifying neonatal deaths will have a significant bearing on our overall findings.
Underascertainment of CHD deaths may occur where CHD remains unrecognised at death. It has been estimated that up to 30% of all deaths in infancy due to CHD remain undiagnosed.24 This problem of underascertainment means that routine mortality statistics underestimate the total burden of mortality due to CHD. This limitation, however, is unlikely to affect our overall finding of decreasing mortality rates over time. Indeed, over the period of this study, case ascertainment is likely to have improved due to developments in diagnostic techniques.3
Explanation of findings and implications
As survival from CHD improves over time and patients with this condition live longer, demand for healthcare from adults living with CHD is expected to grow. Our analysis, which suggests that rates of hospital admission for CHD are increasing, is broadly consistent with the predicted expansion in the number of adults living with CHD in the United Kingdom.15 Moreover, we have found that the largest increases in admission rates have been amongst adults. Persons aged 25 years and over now account for more than a quarter of all hospital admissions for CHD, and, if current trends continue, this proportion is set to increase over the coming years. Indeed, the true secondary and tertiary care burden of adults with CHD may be understated in our study, owing to the likelihood of poorer-quality diagnostic coding for the adult patient. Our finding of increasing rates of hospital admission amongst adults with CHD is also consistent with the growth in demand reported by specialist units that serve this particular patient population.13 25
The relatively stable rates of admission amongst children under 1 are consistent with studies from the United Kingdom and elsewhere that have reported a stable incidence at birth of moderate and severe congenital heart defects.4 26 27
The pattern of age-specific operation rates is interesting. The early peak in operation rates on the heart undoubtedly represents first-time operations performed on young children. Despite tailing off in adolescence and adulthood, operation rates remain above 30% in people admitted with a primary diagnosis of CHD. These high rates of operation in adulthood are indicative of the continuing needs and burden of morbidity experienced by older patients. The second peak in operation rates in late middle age and early old age is, at least in part, likely to reflect the considerable need for reintervention and reoperation in later life.
The decrease in case fatality rates for patients admitted with a primary diagnosis of CHD found in this study is consistent with other reports of improving survival following cardiac surgery.12 28 A deterioration in data quality over time, or a decrease in the number of high-risk procedures, is an unlikely explanation for this apparent improvement in case fatality rates, according to a previous study of paediatric cardiac surgical mortality.12 More likely this reduction in case fatality is due to improvements in the quality of care. Moreover, our study suggests that older patients, and not just infants and children, have benefited from these improvements.
The decline in population mortality rates over time fits in with the picture of increasing survival from CHD, and is consistent with trends reported in the United States.17 Given the apparently stable incidence of complex congenital heart lesions,3 it is possible to suggest that improvements in survival are the principal reason behind declining death rates. The largest reductions in mortality rates from CHD over the past decade have been in children aged between 1 and 14 years. This finding is consistent with other reports of improving survival following paediatric cardiac surgery.11 12 Such improvements have been attributed to improvements in quality of care rather than changes in patient casemix or issues relating to data quality.
Higher mortality rates from CHD in men and boys than in women and girls have also been found in the United States.17 This male excess may be partially explained by an increased incidence at birth of serious CHD lesions amongst boys, although studies reporting a sex differential in the incidence of certain heart defects are inconsistent. Studies have reported a male excess of serious heart defects such as hypoplastic left heart syndrome, transposition of the great arteries and tricuspid atresia.29 Others have found a higher incidence of lethal congenital heart defects amongst girls.30
Our study shows an increase in rates of hospital admission for CHD in England, particularly amongst patients in older age groups. We have also shown that rates of operation, although highest amongst very young children admitted for CHD, remain relatively high into adulthood and middle age. There has also been a significant decrease in in-hospital case fatality rates over time in England, as well as a fall in general population mortality from CHD over the past decade in England and Wales.
These trends in hospital admission and operation rates warrant cautious interpretation owing to concerns regarding the quality of HES data, and in particular the accuracy of diagnostic coding for CHD patients. However, the broad trends identified in our study are consistent with other studies reporting improvements in quality of care and survival for patients with CHD. As patients with CHD live longer, demand for healthcare from adults living with this condition can be expected to grow.
Previous studies and reports have highlighted many problems and deficiencies in the current organisation and provision of care for adults with CHD, not least the lack of a structured and well-resourced networked approach to meeting the ongoing needs of patients with different levels of CHD severity and complexity.8 15 28 These deficiencies in current service provision for adults, together with rising demand, highlight to both service commissioners and providers the importance of taking into account the needs of adults with CHD when planning services.
JB and AM were responsible for the conception and design of the study. JB analysed the data. MC, MG, AM and JB interpreted the findings of the data analysis. JB wrote the first draft of the article. AM, MC and MG reviewed it critically for intellectual content. JB and AM are guarantors for the study.
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web only figures 94/3/342
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Funding: This study received no external funding.
Ethics approval: Ethical approval was not required for this study, as it involved the secondary analysis of publicly available routine data (hospital episode statistics and national mortality statistics).


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COVID-19 UPDATE: Many of our staff and attorneys are working remotely during this time. However, we are available via telephone, email, and video conference for current and new clients.
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Counsel Ineffective in Not Informing of Lifetime Community Supervision
On behalf of Hindman & Associates, LLC | Jun 13, 2011 | Sex Crimes
In the summer of 2010, the Tennessee Supreme Court released an opinion in the case of Marcus Ward v. State, which held that it was constitutional error when a trial court failed to advise a defendant pleading guilty about the lifetime community supervision requirement which is a mandatory consequence of conviction of many sex crimes. The Tennessee Supreme Court has recently also added that failure of counsel to advise a client of the lifetime community supervision requirement is deficient performance of counsel. Calvert v. State, M 2008-00426-SC-R11-PC (Tenn. 4-28-2011).
In Marcus Ward v. State, 315 S.W.3d 461 (Tenn. 2010) a guilty plea was challenged on the basis that the Defendant was not made aware of the sexual offender registry requirements or of the lifetime community supervision requirement, both of which were statutory consequences of his conviction. The Court ruled that the sex offender registry requirements were collateral and regulatory and there was no constitutional need for the Defendant to be advised of them at a guilty plea hearing. However, the Court found the lifetime community supervision requirement to be punitive. As a direct, punitive part of the sentence, a trial court must ensure that a Defendant is informed of it before accepting a guilty plea.
In the Calvert opinion released this spring, the Court adds that it is also deficient performance of counsel to not advise a Defendant accepting a guilty plea of the lifetime community supervision consequence (where the conviction requires it as a consequence).
In considering whether to accept a plea bargain agreement, an accused person should be aware of the consequences of any convictions that will result from the plea agreement, as well as the potential consequences of the charges for which the person would otherwise face trial.
For more information on the consequences of specific criminal convictions, contact Hindman & Associates.
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The image above shows the toilet, one that most people probably will not give it too much thought to it unless you are in the repair/maintenance of this business. Think again. We spend our time here to dispose waste, food waste that are indigestible in our body so that it has storage space for new and good, nutritious food that our body needs. With the function of elimination, we are like choked pipes, causing the drainage system to be blocked and no water can flow through.
A crude example but one that could not describe better this is what our mind needs as well. Ever wonder what happens to the million of thoughts that we have each day? Where does it goes to? Do we need an upgrade for bigger storage space like the mobile phones and laptops? The human mind is like a super computer, capable of taking in more information than we could ever imagine in our entire life time. That makes us an intelligent species, capable of inventing and creating new products and services for mankind.
Each day, how much time do we spent ruminating over our thoughts? Imagine being in the train and instead of twitting on your phone, you are able to see and hear the thoughts of people around you. What would they say, to themselves and others? And how about you?
Are you aware that there is an ongoing conversation within you as well? Or perhaps, we did it so often that we do not even notice we had just passed a remark on that person dressing, cursing the lousy weather and thinking how stupid you are to be doing what you are doing. Unlike the toilet that flushes away the waste we deposited there, these negative thoughts get to sit in our mind. It lingers for a while much like a spider web and weaves itself into a thick strand as each passing thoughts get caught on. The good ones attract the good ones and the bad ones stick together. Guess what happened over time?
The next time, you faced with a situation that you need to make a decision, say changing your job, your mind will start to activate all the accumulated spider webs. The most potent ones are the ones that caused you much emotional pain - regrets, embarrassment, shame, sadness,etc. So you might want to give it a shot ,but the thick layer of negativity webs block you from seeing the optimistic side of things, barring you to venture out of your comfort zone.
Ephesians 4:22-24that, in reference to your former manner of life, you lay aside the old self, which is being corrupted in accordance with the lusts of deceit, and that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind, and put on the new self, which in the likeness of God has been created in righteousness and holiness of the truth.
Let go of the corrupted past, flush it out, have a mind detox daily, practise it diligently and in no time, we will harvest the rewards that our Heavenly Father has in store for us.


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Vancouver Queer Film Festival: She Said Boom
Film explores history of Toronto 'queercore' sub-culture
By Xtra Editor Aug 22, 2013, 10:00 AM EDT
She Said Boom Xtra
She Said Boom tells the story of Fifth Column, Toronto's all-female post-punk band, providing an insider's look at the queer art scene of the 1980s.
"They were a group of women who were forming a band that was different than what was already going on in Toronto," says director Kevin Hegge.
Xtra interviewed Hegge for the film's world premiere at the 2012 Hot Docs Film Festival in Toronto.
This story is filed under Arts & Entertainment, News & Ideas, Entertainment, Film, Vancouver, Underground culture, Culture of New York City, Punk rock, Video, News, Film & Video
Margarita, with a Straw: an Indian bisexual coming-out story
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VIDEO: Steve Carell, Foxcatcher and its sexual undercurrents
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@TIFF 2014
VIDEO: Kenyan filmmakers come out ahead of TIFF premiere
Frank Prendergast Sep 05, 2014
Five queer picks at Vancouver International Film Festival 2015
Denise Sheppard Sep 21, 2015


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Home Chevron icon It indicates an expandable section or menu, or sometimes previous / next navigation options. Retail
Chili's Is Fundraising For A Notoriously Anti-Vaccine Charity
In honor of National Autism Awareness Month, Chili's is planning to donate 10% of customers' checks on April 7 to the National Autism Association, a charity with controversial views about vaccinations.
More than 1,200 Chili's restaurants will participate in the fundraiser for the group, which writes vaccinations can trigger or exacerbate autism in "some, if not many, children" on its website.
That's not the case, as the Centers for Disease Control explained after its most recent study of the issue in the Journal of Pediatrics. "There is not a causal relationship between certain vaccine types and autism," it writes. This follows at least nine other studies into immunization safety and autism that also found no link.
The NAA, however, notes anecdotal data — i.e. parents claiming vaccines caused a change in their children — rather than scientific data.
NAA dodges a direct yes or no position about vaccines on its website FAQ, writing that it "cannot make this decision for any parent, but we are happy to provide sources of information to anyone in need. We recommend visiting http://nvic.org."
That link goes to the National Vaccine Information Center, which journalist Michael Specter characterizes in his book "Denialism" as "an organization that, based on its name, certainly sounds like a federal agency. Actually, it's just the opposite: The NVIC is the most powerful anti-vaccine organization in America, and its relationship with the U.S. government consists almost entirely of opposing federal efforts aimed at vaccinating children."
Further, NAA sponsors "Age of Autism," a website which has the text "Yes, Vaccines Cause Autism" on its masthead.
While companies are free to support organizations they wish, it's worth noting the damage to come from lobbying by anti-vaccine groups.
Led most prominently by Jenny McCarthy, parents have been increasingly refusing vaccines for their children over the past several years. This has led to a rise in vaccine-preventable diseases, especially whooping cough.
Chili's offered the following statement:
At Chili's Grill & Bar, we're about making every guest feel special and pride ourselves in giving back to our communities. When choosing a charitable partner for our Give Back Events, both locally and nationally, we are committed to supporting organizations dedicated to helping children and their families. The intent of this fundraiser was not to express a view on this matter, but rather to support the families affected by autism. Our choice to partner with the National Autism Association was based on the percentage of donations that would go directly to providing financial assistance to families and supporting programs that aid the development and safety of children with autism.
Autism Vaccine


Offshore wind farm outside Copenhagen harbour.
Danish cleantech industry is known worldwide for windmills, wind turbines, water treatment and other high-tech cleantech and energy efficient solutions.
Denmark has in the recent decades become a centre for green energy companies. Many innovative cleantech companies and institutions have helped Denmark in becoming one the world's leading nations within green and sustainable energy technology.
Around Denmark you will find windmills in the open landscape as well as out on the open sea. Denmark has become a leading nation within the windmill industry. Vestas is Denmark's largest wind mill producer and they export their windmills and wind turbines to all parts of the world.
The reason why Vestas and other windmill producers have chosen to be situated in Denmark is that you can find many excellent windmill sub-contractors in Denmark. You can also find Danish windmill maintenance companies like Hove A/S. Hove is a smaller company specialising in developing grease systems for the maintenance of windmills.
Grontmij is consultancy company specialising in developing water energy solutions. Water energy production is considered to be prosperous renewable energy source for the future.
Solar energy is not as common used in Denmark as wind energy sources are. However Danfoss, Danish Solar Energy and other Danish companies and public institutions seek to develop solar energy solution for the future. Today you can already buy and use photovoltaic solutions for your home in order to create solar energy for personal use.
A major industry has been developed from recycling of waste. Both industry waste and household waste is increasingly being recycled in Denmark. Private companies as well as public recycling companies are exploiting the possibilities of transforming waste into raw materials which can be resold to industry companies.
In Denmark companies are increasingly seeking to reduce their CO2 emissions. Especially companies within the energy, transport and heavy industry sectors are focused on reducing their CO2 emissions. The investment they make will in the long run help the companies in reducing their costs and in general it helps the environment.
Different Danish governments have all strongly focused on helping environmentally friendly industry in Denmark. Projects within the cleantech industry have been supported and the tax system has even been transformed in order to promote green solutions.


Offering Traverse City, MI steam ice dam removal services. Ice Dams Removed easily removes ice and snow from roofs and gutters, in the Traverse City Michigan area. We all know that icicles and all that snow on your roof looks great. Believe it or not that ice and snow can cause unseen water damage. If you've got a roof leak it's a safe bet that you need your ice dams removed in Traverse City Michigan.
Our rooftop snow and ice removal company removes ice and snow from MI roofs. We do it with the use of our ice dam steaming equipment. We use low-pressure steam for our Michigan removal services. We do not use hammers, chisels or any other method of ice dam removal. We have been removing ice and snow from roofs and gutters for decades. Helping many happy customers nationwide. We have proven experience and offer a 100% Traverse City MI Leak Stop Guarantee. This provides our service customers in Michigan with the piece of mind. Knowing that their home's or commercial building's roof ice removal is safe with us. You won't beat our Michigan ice dam removal service.
We have the know-how and the experience like no other ice dam removal service in the nation. We offer competitive rates along with years of knowledge. Providing the best Traverse City MI ice dam removal service.
Click HERE for a list of our Michigan service areas outside of Traverse City, MI and more details on Michigan ice dam solutions.
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Жоаше́н Мюра́ (), известен и като Йоахи́м Мюра́ (25 март 1767 – 13 октомври 1815) е френски военен деец, маршал на Франция от 1804 г. Женен е за Каролина Бонапарт, сестра на Наполеон I, и участва във всички военни кампании. Проявява се като даровит командир. Крал на Неапол от 1808 до 1815 г.

Разстрелян след падането на Наполеоновата империя.

Източници

Френски маршали
Окситанци
Крале на Неапол
Френски масони

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Wolves: Julen Lopetegui will be "desperate" to work with Raul Jimenez
By Samuel Slaney
Wolverhampton Wanderers manager Julen Lopetegui will be "desperate" to work with Raul Jimenez amidst the Old Gold's goalscoring problems, according to journalist Dean Jones.
The Lowdown: Jimenez's decline
As the lowest scorers in the Premier League with just eight goals, it's fair to say that Wolves have struggled in that regard this season.
Wolves also struggled to score goals last term, which coincides with the demise of Mexican striker Jimenez's demise over the past couple of years, with injuries playing a massive part in that.
From Spain: Wolves have agreement' in place to sign eight-cap dynamo in January - report
From Spain: Wolves interested in swooping for versatile World Cup ace unwanted at current club
Lopetegui factor: Wolves in the frame to sign £10m South American unwanted by his current club
'Something to work with...' - £100k-p/w Wolves stalwart backed for revival under Lopetegui
The 31-year-old went from 17 goals in 38 league appearances in 2019/20 to just six goals from 34 showings last season, having fractured his skull two years ago.
The centre-forward role is integral for Wolves, so Lopetegui will be looking to get Jimenez firing once more, after his recovery from the knee injury which has kept him out earlier in the campaign.
The Latest: Lopetegui "desperate" to work with Jimenez
According to Jones, the new Wolves manager will be looking to work with Jimenez on the training pitch as soon as possible and will be "desperate" to get to the bottom of his team's goalscoring woes.
Speaking to GIVEMESPORT, the journalist said of Lopetegui: "Of course, someone like Jimenez, he'll be desperate to get eyes on the training pitch to see what you can actually do with him and why things haven't been working out."
Wolves fans, try our celebrity fan quiz! First up, Sir Lenny Henry the lifelong Wanderers fan?
The Verdict: When Jimenez doesn't score…
Back when Jimenez was firing, goalscoring wasn't a problem for Wolves. For instance, in the aforementioned 2019/29 season when the Mexican bagged 17 goals, Wolves averaged 1.3 goals per match and were the eighth-highest scorers in the Premier League.
Fast forward to this season, and the Old Gold are rock bottom with an average of 0.5 goals per match, with Jimenez yet to get off the mark.
If Lopetegui can successfully revive the £100k-per-week Mexican's fortunes, Wolves' goalscoring woes should soon end. For that to happen, though, the team will also need to be more creative in their build-up play to supply the 31-year-old with opportunities to find the net.
Related Items:Dean Jones, Follow up, GiveMeSport, Julen Lopetegui, Julen Lopetegui Wolves, Molineux, old gold, Premier League, Wolverhampton Wanderers, Wolves
Man City intend to 'robustly' defend themselves against Premier League charges


Just want to be first .
everyone is talking about the tanks but what about the pvc plumbing to get the water to the tank???? I have never heard of a food grade pipe??
Woohoo - we may get solar panels!
Remember to ask them about the carbon credits. I've been to the seminar on Photovoltaics and the speaker said that a few hundred bucks should be taken off the price for them.
Solar hot water, why bother?
Thanks Steve, i've checked out the ausdesign website. I suppose we;ll get a report when the house is complete then??? Will have to ask about that one.
Diverting Greywater from the main greywater plumbing?
Global Warming: Is The Sky Falling In or Myth?
Is banning plastic bags the right answer?
Wall Insulation and Under Tile Insulation Blankets?
Anyone have installed and used Solar power in Vic?