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At the present day, the term designates the religious communion which survived the destruction of the Jewish nation by the Assyrians and the Babylonians. A brief account of Judaism thus understood may be given under the following heads:
(1) Judaism before the Christian Era;
(2) Judaism and Early Christianity;
(3) Judaism since A.D. 70;
(4) Judaism and Church Legislation.
Judaism before the Christian era
Upon the return from Babylon (538 B.C.), Juda was conscious of having inherited the religion of pre-Exile Israel. It was that religion which had prompted the exiles to return to the land promised by Yahweh to their ancestors, and they were now determined to maintain it in its purity. From the Captivity they had learned that in His justice, God had punished their sins by delivering them into the power of pagan nations, as the Prophets of old had repeatedly announced; and that in His love for the people of His choice, the same God had brought them back, as Isaias (40-46) had particularly foretold. Thence they naturally drew the conclusion that, cost what it may, they must prove faithful to Yahweh, so as to avert a like punishment in the future. The same conclusion was also brought home to them, when some time after the completion of the Temple, Esdras solemnly read the Law in their hearing. This reading placed distinctly before their minds the unique position of their race among the nations of the world. The Creator of heaven and earth, in His mercy towards fallen man (Genesis 1-3), had made a covenant with their father Abraham, in virtue of which his seed, and in his seed all the peoples of the earth, should be blessed (Genesis 12, 18; II Esdras 9). From that time forth, He had watched over them with jealous care. The other nations, once fallen into idolatry, He had allowed to grovel amid their impure rites; but He had dealt differently with the Israelites whom he wished to be unto Him "a priestly kingdom and a holy nation" (Exodus 19:6). Their repeated falls into idolatry He had not left unpunished, but He kept alive among them the revealed religion which ever represented God as the true and adequate object of their devotion, trust, gratitude, of their obedience and service.
All the past misfortunes of their race were thus distinctly seen as so many chastisements intended by God to recall His ungrateful people to the observance of the Law, whereby they would secure the holiness necessary for the blameless discharge of their priestly mission to the rest of the world. They, therefore, pledged renewed faithfulness to the Law, leaving it to God to bring about the glorious day when all the earth, with Jerusalem as its centre, would recognize and worship Yahweh; they broke every tie with the surrounding nationalities, and formed a community wholly sacred unto the Lord, chiefly concerned with the preservation of His faith and worship by a strict compliance with all the ritual prescriptions of the Law. On the one hand, this religious attitude of the Judean Jews secured the preservation of Monotheism among them. History proves that the Persians and the Macedonians respected their religious freedom and even to some extent favoured the worship of Yahweh. It remains true, however, that in the time of the Machabees, the children of Israel escaped being throughly hellenized only through their attachment to the Law. Owing to this attachment, the fierce persecutions which they then underwent, confirmed instead of rooting out their belief in the true God. On the other hand, the rigour with which the letter of the Law became enforced gave rise to a narrow "legalism". The mere external compliance with ritual observances gradually superseded the higher claims of conscience; the Prophet was replaced by the "scribe", the casuistic interpreter of the Law; and Israel, in its sacred isolation, looked down upon the rest of mankind. A similarly narrow spirit animated the Babylonian Jews, for it was from Babylon that Esdras, "a ready scribe in the Law of Moses", had come to revive the Law in Jerusalem, and their existence in the midst of heathen populations made it all the more imperative for them to cling tenaciously to the creed and worship of Yahweh.
Apparently, things went on smoothly with the priestly community of Juda as long as the Persian supremacy lasted. It was the policy of ancient Asiatic empires to grant to each province its autonomy, and the Judean Jews availed themselves of this to live up to the requirements of the Mosaic Law under the headship of their high-priests and the guidance of their scribes. The sacred ordinances of the Law were no burden to them, and gladly did they even increase the weight by additional interpretations of its text. Nor was this happy condition materially interfered with under Alexander the Great and his immediate successors in Syria and in Egypt. In fact, the first contact of the Judean Jews with hellenistic civilization seemed to open to them a wider field for their theocratic influence, by giving rise to a Western Dispersion with Alexandria and Antioch as its chief local centres and Jerusalem as its metropolis. However much the Jews living among the Greeks mingled with the latter for business pursuits, learned the Greek language, or even became acquainted with hellenistic philosophy, they remained Jews to the core. The Law as read and explained in their local synagogues regulated their every act, kept them from all defilement with idolatrous worship, and maintained intact their religious traditions. With regard to creed, worship, and morality, the Jews felt themselves far superior to their pagan fellow-citizens, and the works of their leading writers of the time were in the main those of apologists bent on convincing pagans of this superiority and on attracting them to the service of the sole living God. In fact, through this intercourse between Judaism and Hellenism in the Græco-Roman world, the Jewish religion won the allegiance of a certain number of Gentile men and women, while the Jewish beliefs themselves gained in clearness and precision through the efforts then made to render them acceptable to Western minds.
Much less happy results followed on the contact of Jewish Monotheism with Greek Polytheism on Palestinian soil. There, worldly and ambitious high-priests not only accepted, but even promoted, Greek culture and heathenism in Jerusalem itself; and, as already stated, the Greek rulers of the early Machabean Age proved violent persecutors of Yahweh worship. The chief question confronting the Palestinian Jews was not, therefore, the extension of Judaism among the nations, but its very preservation among the children of Israel. No wonder then that Judaism assumed there an attitude of direct antagonism to everything hellenistic, that the Mosaic observances were gradually enforced with extreme rigour, and that the oral Law, or rulings of the Elders relative to such observances appeared in the eyes of pious Judean Jews of no less importance than the Mosaic Law itself. No wonder, too, that in opposition to the lukewarmness for the oral Law evinced by the priestly aristocracy — the Sadducees as they were called — there arose in Juda a powerful party resolved to maintain at any cost the Jewish separation — hence their name of Pharisees — from the contamination of the Gentiles by the most scrupulous compliance, not only with the Law of Moses, but also with the "Traditions of the Elders". The former of these leading parties was pre-eminently concerned with the maintenance of the status quo in politics, and in the main sceptical with regard to such prominent beliefs or expectations of the time as the existence of angels, the resurrection of the dead, the reference of the oral Law to Moses, and the future Redemption of Israel. The latter party strenuously maintained these positions. Its extreme wing was made up of Zealots always ready to welcome any false Messias who promised deliverance from the hated foreign yoke; while its rank and file earnestly prepared by the "works of the Law" for the Messianic Age variously described by the Prophets of old, the apocalyptic writings and the apocryphal Psalms of the time, and generally expected as an era of earthly felicity and legal righteousness in the Kingdom of God. The rise of the Essenes is also ascribed to this period.
Judaism and early Christianity
At the beginning of our era, Judaism was in external appearance thoroughly prepared for the advent of the Kingdom of God. Its great centre was Jerusalem, the "Holy City", whither repaired in hundreds of thousands Jews of every part of the world, anxious to celebrate the yearly festivals in the "City of the Great King". The Temple was in the eyes of them all the worthy House of the Lord, both by the magnificence of its structure and by the wonderful appointment of its service. The Jewish priesthood was not only numerous, but also most exact in the offering of the daily, weekly, monthly, and other, sacrifices, which it was its privilege to perform before Yahweh. The high-priest, a person most sacred, stood at the head of the hierarchy, and acted as final arbiter of all religious controversies. The Sanhedrin of Jerusalem, or supreme tribunal of Judaism, watched zealously over the strict fulfilment of the Law and issued decrees readily obeyed by the Jews dispersed throughout the world. In the Holy Land, and far and wide beyond its boundaries, besides local Sanhedrins, there were synagogues supplying the ordinary religious and educational needs of the people, and wielding the power of excommunication against breakers of the Law, oral and written. A learned class, that of the Scribes, not only read and interpreted the text of the Law in the synagogue meetings, but sedulously proclaimed the "Traditions of the Elders", the collection of which formed a "fence to the Law", because whoever observed them was sure not to trespass in any way against the Law itself. Legal righteousness was the watchword of Judaism, and its attainment by separation from Gentiles and sinners, by purifications, fasts, almsgiving, etc., in a word by the fulfilment of traditional enactments which applied the Law to each and every walk of life and to all imaginable circumstances, was the one concern of pious Jews wherever found. Plainly, the Pharisees and the scribes who belonged to their party had generally won the day. In Palestine, in particular, the people blindly followed their leadership, confident that the present rule of pagan Rome would speedily come to an end at the appearance of the Messias, expected as a mighty deliverer of the faithful "children of the kingdom'. Meantime, it behooved the sons of Abraham to emulate the "righteousness of the Scribes and the Pharisees" whereby they would secure admittance into the Messianic world-wide empire, of which Jerusalem would be the capital, and of which every Jewish member would be superior in things temporal as well as spiritual to the rest of the world then rallied to the worship of the one true God.
In reality, the Jews were far from prepared for the fulfilment of the promises which the almighty had repeatedly made to their race. This was first shown to them, when a voice, that of John, the son of Zachary and the herald of the Messias, was heard in the wilderness of Juda. It summoned, but with little success, all the Jews to a genuine sorrow for sin, which was indeed foreign to their hearts, but which could alone, despite their title of "children of Abraham", fit them for the kingdom near at hand. This was next shown to them by Jesus, the Messias Himself, Who, at the very beginning of His public life, repeated John's summons to repentance (Mark 1:15), and Who, throughout His ministry, endeavoured to correct the errors of Judaism of the day concerning the kingdom which He had come to found among men. With authority truly Divine He bade His hearers not to be satisfied with the outward righteousness of the scribes and the Pharisees if they wished to enter into that kingdom, but to aim at the inner perfection which alone could lift up men's moral nature and render them worthy worshipers of their heavenly Father. The Kingdom of God, He plainly declared, had come upon His contemporaries, since Satan, God's enemy and man's, was under their eyes cast out by Himself and by His chosen disciples (Mark 12:20; Luke 10:18). The kingdom which the Jews should expect is the Kingdom of God in its modest, secret, and as it were, insignificant origin. It is subject to the laws of organic growth as all living things are, and hence its planting and early developments do not attract much attention; but it is not so with its further extension, destined as it is to pervade and transform the world.
This kingdom is indeed rejected by those who had the first claim to its possession and seemingly were the best qualified for entering into it; but all those, both Jews and Gentiles, who earnestly avail themselves of the invitation of the Gospel will be admitted. This is really a new Kingdom of God to be transferred to a new nation and governed by a new set of rulers, although it is no less truly the continuation of the Kingdom of God under the Old Covenant. Once this kingdom is organized upon earth, its king, the true son and lord of David, goes to a far country, relying upon His representatives to be more faithful than the rulers of the old kingdom. Upon the king's return, this kingdom of grace will be transferred into a kingdom of glory. The duration of the kingdom on earth will outlive the ruin of the Holy City and of its Temple; it will be coextensive with the preaching of the Gospel to all nations, and this, when accomplished, will be the sign of the near approach of the kingdom of glory. In thus describing God's kingdom, Jesus justly treated as vain the hopes of His Jewish contemporaries that they should become masters of the world in the event of a conflict with Rome; He also set aside the fabric of legalism which their leaders regarded as to be perpetuated in the Messianic kingdom, but which in reality they should have considered as either useless or positively harmful now that the time had come to extend "salvation out of the Jews" to the nations at large; plainly, the legal sacrifices and ordinances had no longer any reason of being, since they had been instituted to prevent Israel from forsaking the true God, and since Monotheism was now firmly established in Israel; plainly, too, the "traditions of the Elders" should not be tolerated any longer, since they had gradually led the Jews to disregard some of the most essential precepts of the moral law embodied in the decalogue.
Jesus did not come to destroy the Law or the Prophets, that is those sacred writings which He, no less than His Jewish contemporaries, distinctly recognized as inspired by the Holy Spirit; His mission, on the contrary, was to secure their fulfilment. Indeed, He would have destroyed the Law, if He had sided with the Scribes and the Pharisees who had raised a fence to the Law, which actually encroached upon the sacred territory of the Law itself; but He fulfilled it by proclaiming the new Law of perfect love of God and man, whereby all the precepts of the Old Law were brought to completion. Again, He would have destroyed the Prophets, if like the same Scribes and Pharisees, He had pictured an image of God's kingdom and God's Messias solely by means of the glorious features contained in the prophetical writings; but He fulfilled them by drawing a picture which took into account both glorious and inglorious delineations of the Prophets of old, setting both in their right order and perspective. The Kingdom of God as described and founded by Jesus has an historical name. It is the Christian Church, which was able silently to leaven the Roman Empire, which has outlived the ruin of the Jewish Temple and its worship, and which, in the course of centuries, has extended to the confines of the world the knowledge and the worship of the God of Abraham, while Judaism has remained the barren fig-tree which Jesus condemned during His mortal life.
The death and resurrection of Jesus fulfilled the ancient types and prophecies concerning Him (cf. Luke 24:26, 27), and the visible bestowal of the Holy Ghost upon His assembled followers on Pentecost Day gave them the light to realize this fulfilment (Acts 3:15) and the courage to proclaim it even in the hearing of those Jewish authorities who thought that they had by the stigma of the Cross put an end forever to the Messianic claims of the Nazarene. From this moment the Church which Jesus had silently organized during His mortal life with Peter as its head and the other Apostles as his fellow-rulers, took the independent attitude which it has maintained ever since. Conscious of their Divine mission, its leaders boldly charged the Jewish rulers with the death of Jesus, and freely "taught and preached Christ Jesus", disregarding the threats and injunctions of men whom they considered as in mad revolt against God and His Christ (Acts 4). They solemnly proclaimed the necessity of faith in Christ for justification and salvation, and that of baptism for membership in the religious community which grew rapidly under their guidance, and which recognized the risen Son of God as its Divinely constituted "Lord and Christ", "Prince and Saviour", in a real, although invisible, manner, during the present order of things. According to them, these are plainly Messianic times as proved by the realization of Joel's prophecy concerning the outpouring of the Holy Spirit upon all flesh, so that the Jews "first" and next the Gentiles are now called to receive the Divine blessing so long promised in Abraham's Seed for all nations. Much as in these early days the infant Church was Jewish in external appearance, it even then caused Judaism to feel threatened in its whole system of civil and religious life (Acts 6:13-14). Hence followed a severe persecution against the Christians, in which Saul (Paul) took and active part, and in the course of which he was converted miraculously.
At his conversion Paul found the Church spread far and wide by the very persecution meant to annihilate it, and officially pursuing its differentiation from Judaism by the reception into its fold of Samaritans who rejected the Temple worship in Jerusalem, of the Ethiopian eunuch, that is, of a class of men distinctly excluded from the Judaic community by the Deuteronomic Law, and especially of the uncircumcised Cornelius and his Gentile household with whom Peter himself broke bread in direct opposition to legal traditions. When, therefore, Paul, now become an ardent Apostle of Christ, openly maintained the freedom of Gentile converts from the Law as understood and enforced by the Jews and even by certain Judeo-Christians, he was in thorough agreement with the official leaders of the Church at Jerusalem, and it is well known that the same official leaders positively approved his course of action in this regard (Acts 15; Galatians 2). The real difference between him and them consisted in his fearlessness in preaching Christian freedom and in vindicating by his Epistles the necessity and efficiency of faith in Christ for justification and salvation independently of the "works of the Law", that is, the great principles acknowledged and acted upon before him in this Christian Church. The result of his polemics was the sharp setting forth of the relation existing between Judaism and Christianity; in Christ's kingdom, only believing Jews and Gentiles recline with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob (cf. Matthew 8:11); they are coheirs of the promise made to the father of all the faithful when he was as yet uncircumcised; the Law and the Prophets are fulfilled in Christ and His body, the Church; the Gospel must be preached to all nations, and then the consummation shall come. The result of his consuming zeal for the salvation of souls redeemed by the blood of Christ was the formation of religious communities bound together by the same faith, hope, and charity as the churches of Palestine, sharing in the same sacred mysteries, governed by pastors likewise vested with Christ's authority, and forming a vast Church organism vivified by the same Holy Spirit and clearly distinct from Judaism. Thus the small mustard seed planted by Jesus in Judea had grown into a great tree fully able to near the storms of persecution and heresy (see EPISTLE TO THE COLOSSIANS; EBIONITES; GNOSTICISM).
Judaism since A.D. 70
While Christianity thus asserted itself as the new Kingdom of God, the Jewish theocracy, guided by leaders unable "to know the signs of the times", was hastening to its total destruction. The Romans came, and in A.D. 70 put an end forever to the Jewish Temple, priesthood, sacrifices, and nation, whereby it should have become clear to the Jews that their national worship was rejected of God. In point of fact, Judaism, shorn of these its essential features, soon
"assumed an entirely new aspect. All the parties and sects of a former generation vanished; Pharisees and Sadducees ceased to quarrel with each other; the Temple was supplanted by the synagogue, sacrifices by the prayer, the priest by any one who was able to read, teach, and interpret both the written and the oral law. The Sanhedrin lost its juridical qualification, and became a consistory to advise people in regard to the religious duties. Judaism became a science, a philosophy, and ceased to be a political institution" (Schindler, "Dissolving Views in the History of Judaism").
This new system, treated at first as simply provisional because of the surviving hope of restoring the Jewish commonwealth, had soon to be accepted as definitive through the crushing of Bar-Cochba's revolt by Hadrian. Then it was that Rabbinical or Talmudical Judaism fully asserted its authority over the two great groups of Jewish families east and west of the Euphrates respectively. For several centuries, under either the "Patriarchs of the West" or the "Princes of the Captivity", the Mishna "Oral Teaching" completed by Rabbi Juda I, committed ultimately to writing in the form of the Jerusalem and Babylonian Talmuds, and expounded by generations of teachers in the schools of Palestine and Babylonia, held undisputed sway over the minds and consciences of the Jews.
In fact, this long acceptation of the Talmud by the Jewish race, before its centre was shifted from the East to the West, so impressed this Second Law (Mishna) upon the hearts of the Jews that down to the present day Judaism has remained essentially Talmudical both in its theory and in its practice. It is indeed true that as early as the eighth century of our era the authority of the Talmud was denied in favour of Biblical supremacy by the sect of the Karaites, and that it has oftentimes since been questioned by other Jewish sects such as Judghanits, Kabbalist, Sabbatians, Chassidim (old and new), Frankist, etc. Nevertheless, these sects have all but disappeared and the supremacy of the Talmud is generally recognized. The most important religious division of Judaism at the present day is that between "Orthodox" and "Reform" Jews, with many subdivisions to which these names are more or less loosely applied. Orthodox Judaism included the greater part of the Jewish race. It distinctly admits the absolutely binding force of the oral Law as finally fixed in the "Shulhan Aruk" by Joseph Caro (sixteenth century). Its beliefs are set forth in the following thirteen articles, first compiled by Maimonides in the eleventh century:
I believe with a true and perfect faith that God is the creator (whose name be blessed), governor, and maker of all creatures; and that he has wrought all things, worketh, and shall work forever.
I believe with perfect faith that the creator (whose name be blessed) is one; that there is no unity like unto his in any way; and that he alone was, is, and will be our God.
I believe with a perfect faith that the creator (whose name be blessed) is incorporeal, that he has not any corporeal qualities, and that nothing can be compared unto him.
I believe with a perfect faith that the creator (whose name be blessed) was the first, and will be the last.
I believe with a perfect faith that the creator (whose name be blessed) is to be worshipped and none else.
I believe with perfect faith that all the words of the prophets are true.
I believe with perfect faith that the prophecies of Moses our master (may he rest in peace) were true; that he was the father and chief of all prophets, both of those before him and those after him.
I believe with perfect faith that the Law, at present in our hands, is the same that was given to our master Moses (peace be with him).
I believe with perfect faith that this Law will not be changed, and that no other Law will be revealed by the creator (blessed be his name).
I believe with a perfect faith that God (whose name be blessed) knows all the deeds of the sons of men and all their thoughts; as it is said: "He who hath formed their hearts altogether, he knoweth all their deeds".
I believe with a perfect faith that God (whose name be blessed) rewards those who keep his commandments, and punishes those who transgress them.
I believe with a perfect faith that the Messias will come; and although he tarries I wait nevertheless every day for his coming.
I believe with a perfect faith that there will be a resurrection of the dead, at the time when it shall please the creator (blessed be his name).
With regard to the future life, Orthodox Jews believe, like the Universalists, in the ultimate salvation of all men; and like the Catholics, in the offering up of prayers for the souls of their departed friends. Their Divine worship does not admit of sacrifices; it consists in the reading of the Scriptures and in prayer. While they do not insist on attendance at the synagogue, they enjoin all to say their prayers at home or in any place they chance to be, three times a day; they repeat also blessings and particular praises to God at meals and on other occasions. In their morning devotions they use their phylacteries and a praying scarf (talith), except on Saturdays, when they use the talith only. The following are their principal festivals:
Passover, on 14 Nisan, and lasting eight days. On the evening before the feast, the first-born of every family observes a fast in remembrance of God's kindness to the nation. During the feast unleavened bread is exclusively used; the first two and last days are observed as strict holidays. Since the paschal lamb has ceased, it is customary after the paschal meal to break and partake as Aphikomon, or after-dish, of half of an unleavened bread cake which has been broken and put aside at the beginning of the supper.
Pentecost, or the feast of Weeks, falling seven weeks after the Passover and kept, at present, for two days only.
Trumpets, on 1 and 2 Tishri, of which the first is called New Years's feast. On the second day they blow the horn and pray that God will bring them to Jerusalem.
Tabernacles, on 15 Tishri, lasting nine days, the first and last two days being observed as feast days. On the first day they carry branches around the altar or pulpit singing psalms; on the seventh day, they carry copies of the Torah out of the ark to the altar, all the congregation joining in the procession seven times around the altar and singing Psalm 29. On the ninth day they repeat several prayers in honour of the Law, bless God for having given them His servant Moses, and read the section of the Scriptures which records his death.
Purim, on 14 and 15 Adar (Feb.-March), in commemoration of the deliverance recorded in the Book of Esther; the whole Book of Esther is read several times during the celebration.
Dedication, a feast commemorative of the victory over Antiochus Epiphanes and lasting eight days.
Atonement Day, celebrated on 10 Tishri, although the Jews have neither Temple nor priesthood. They observe a strict fast for twenty-four hours, and strive in various ways to evince the sincerity of their repentance (see JEWISH CALENDAR).
Reform Judaism, which traces back its origin to Mendelssohn's time, is chiefly prevalent in Germany and the United States. It has very lax views of biblical inspiration and bends Jewish beliefs and practices so as to adapt them to environment. It is a sort of Unitarianism coupled with some Jewish peculiarities. It disregards the belief of the coming of a personal Messias, the obligatory character of circumcision, ancient Oriental customs in synagogue services, the dietary laws which but few reform Jews observe out of custom or veneration for the past, the second days of the holy days, all minor feasts and fast-days of the year (except Hanukha and Purim), while it uses sermons in the vernacular and adds in some places Sunday services to those held on the historical Sabbath Day, etc. Nominally, for all, the Sabbath is the day of rest; but only a small number even of the Orthodox Jews keep their places of business closed on that day, owing to the commercial demands of modern life and the police regulations usually enforced in Christian lands concerning the ordinary Sunday rest. Intermarriage with non-Jews is generally discountenanced even by Reform Jewish rabbis, and as a fact, has never been frequent, except of late in Australia. Of late, the use of Hebrew has been revived particularly in Palestine Jewish colonies, and a number of Jewish journals and reviews are published in that tongue in the East and in certain countries of Europe. Yiddish, or Judeo-German, is by far more prevalent, and is used in the large cities of Europe and North America for weekly and daily papers.
The Yeshibas, or high schools of Talmudic learning, where the time was exclusively devoted to the study of rabbinical jurisprudence and Talmudic law, have been partly replaced by seminaries with a more modern curriculum of studies. In 1893 Gratz College, thus named from its founder, was started in Philadelphia for training religious school-teachers. Young Men's Hebrew Associations, begun in 1874, now exist in nearly all the large cities of the United States. Of wider import still is the development of the Sabbath schools which are generally attached to Jewish congregations in the same country. The recent Zionist movement claims a passing notice. Since 1896 the scheme for securing in Palestine a legal home for the oppressed Hebrews has rapidly taken a firm hold of the Jewish race. To many, Zionism appears as calculated to bring about the realization of the old Jewish hope of restoration to Palestine. To others, it seems to be the only means of obviating the impossibility felt by various peoples of assimilating their Jewish population and at the same time of allowing it the amount of freedom which the Jews consider necessary for the preservation of their individual character. By others again, it is regarded as the practical answer to the anti-Semitic agitation which has prevailed intensely through Western Europe since 1880, and to the lack of social equality, which Jews repeatedly find denied them, even in countries where they possess civil rights and attain to high political and professional positions. Since 1897 Zionism holds annual international congresses, counts numerous societies and clubs, and since 1898 has a Jewish Colonial Trust. There is no Jewish Church as such, and each congregation is a law to itself. Owing to this, the ancient distinction between the Sephardim and the Askenazim continues among the Jews. As of yore, the Sephardim, or descendants of Spanish and Portuguese Jews, readily organize themselves into separate congregations. Even now, they are easily distinguished from the Askenazim (German or Polish Jews) by their names, their more Oriental pronunciation of Hebrew, and their peculiarities in synagogue services.
Judaism and Church legislation
The principal items of Church legislation relative to Judaism have been set forth in connection with the history of the Jews. There remains only to add a few remarks which will explain the apparent severity of certain measures enacted by either popes or councils concerning the Jews, or account for the fact that popular hatred of them so often defeated the beneficent efforts of the Roman pontiffs in their regard.
Church legislation against Jewish holding of Christian slaves can be easily understood: as members of Christ, the children of the Church should evidently not be subjected to the power of His enemies, and thereby incur a special danger for their faith; but more particularly, as stated by a recent Jewish writer:
"There was good reason for the solicitude of the Church and for its desire to prevent Jews from retaining Christian slaves in their houses. The Talmud and all later Jewish codes forbade a Jew from retaining in his home a slave who was uncircumcised" (Abrahams, "Jewish Life in the Middle Ages").
The obligation of wearing a distinguishing badge was of course obnoxious to the Jews. At the same time, Church authorities deemed its injunction necessary to prevent effectively moral offences between Jews and Christian women. The decrees forbidding the Jews from appearing in public at Eastertide may be justified on the ground that some of them mocked at the Christian processions at that time; those against baptized Jews retaining distinctly Jewish customs find their ready explanation in the necessity for the Church to maintain the purity of the Faith in its members, while those forbidding the Jews from molesting converts to Christianity are no less naturally explained by the desire of doing away with a manifest obstacle to future conversions.
It was for the laudable reason of protecting social morality and securing the maintenance of the Christian Faith, that canonical decrees were framed and repeatedly enforced against free and constant intercourse between Christians and Jews, against, for instance, bathing, living, etc., with Jews. To some extent, likewise, these were the reasons for the institution of the Ghetto or confinement of the Jews to a special quarter, for the prohibition of the Jews from exercising medicine, or other professions. The inhibition of intermarriage between Jews and Christians, which is yet in vigour, is clearly justified by reason of the obvious danger for the faith of the Christian party and for the spiritual welfare of the children born of such alliances. With regard to the special legislation against printing, circulating, etc., the Talmud, there was the particular grievance that the Talmud contained at the time scurrilous attacks upon Jesus and the Christians (cf. Pick, "The Personality of Jesus in the Talmud" in the "Monist", Jan., 1910), and the permanent reason that
"that extraordinary compilation, with much that is grave and noble, contains also so many puerilities, immoral precepts, and anti-social maxims, that Christian courts may well have deemed it right to resort to stringent measures to prevent Christians from being seduced into adhesion to a system so preposterous" (Catholic Dictionary, 484).
History proves indeed that Church authorities exercised at times considerable pressure upon the Jews to promote their conversion; but it also proves that the same authorities generally deprecated the use of violence for the purpose. It bears witness, in particular, to the untiring and energetic efforts of the Roman pontiffs in behalf of the Jews especially when, threatened or actually pressed by persecution they appealed to the Holy See for protection. It chronicles the numerous protestations of the popes against mob violence against the Jewish race, and thus directs the attention of the student of history to the real cause of the Jewish persecutions, viz., the popular hatred against the children of Israel. Nay more, it discloses the principal causes of that hatred, among which the following may be mentioned:
The deep and wide racial difference between Jews and Christians which was, moreover, emphasized by the ritual and dietary laws of Talmudic Judaism;
the mutual religious antipathy which prompted the Jewish masses to look upon the Christians as idolaters, and the Christians to regard the Jews as the murderers of the Divine Saviour of mankind, and to believe readily the accusation of the use of Christian blood in the celebration of the Jewish Passover, the desecration of the Holy Eucharist, etc.;
the trade rivalry which caused Christians to accuse the Jews of sharp practice, and to resent their clipping of the coinage, their usury, etc.;
the patriotic susceptibilities of the particular nations in the midst of which the Jews have usually formed a foreign element, and to the respective interests of which their devotion has not always been beyond suspicion.
In view of these and other more or less local, more or less justified, reasons, one can readily understand how the popular hatred of the Jews has too often defeated the beneficent efforts of the Church, and notably of its supreme pontiffs, in regard to them.
Jewish Religion. NATHAN, Religion, Natural and Revealed (New York, 1875); TROY, Judaism and Christianity (Boston, 1890); MENDELSSOn, Civil and Criminal Jurisprudence of the Talmud (Baltimore, 1891); LEVIN, Die Reform des Judenthums (Berlin, 1895); HIRSCH, Nineteen Letters, tr. (New York, 1899); FRIEDLANDER, The Jewish Religion (2nd ed., New York, 1900); LAZARUS, Ethics of Judaism, tr. (Philadelphia, 1901); MORRIS JOSEPH, Judaism as Creed and Life (New York, 1903); SCHREINER, Die jüngsten Urtheile über das Judenthum (Berlin, 1902); MONTEFIORE, Liberal Judaism (New York, 1903); LEVY, La Famille dans l'Antiquité (Paris, 1905); SCHECHTER, Studies in Judaism (New York, 1896); IDEM, Some Aspects of Rabbinic Theology (New York, 1909).
APA citation. Gigot, F. (1910). Judaism. In The Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08399a.htm
MLA citation. Gigot, Francis. "Judaism." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 8. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. <http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08399a.htm>.
Transcription. This article was transcribed for New Advent by Bob Mathewson.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


This stunning private holiday cottage was completed in 2013 by the Kapuvár based studio Tóth Project Architect Office. The building has been constructed with Larch, the roof uses metal sheeting and the main living room has a glass wall, providing views over the lake.
The cottage consist of two units, the main unit is for living and dining with bathroom facilities. The second unit comprises of an open terrace for outdoor dining and a store room.
The Kapuvár holiday cottage is located in the town of Kapuvár, Hungary.
"It is always a big challenge to design a house of the lake-shore. We wanted to create something special, something unique. The location itself is idyllic, when we are there, we feel a special atmosphere. Being closed from the noise of the city, closed from the external world it is the island of quiet.
We imagined a house which is an organic part of its environment, soundly communicating with it. It has a simple form, ground-plan, materials. Indeed, the building is a matchbox standing on one side of it which is pierced through in the middle. Simpleness appears not only in the form of the building but also in the moderate application of the restricted assortment of the natural and artificial materials. The whole building is made of larch, free from any useless decoration. In addition to the metal sheet roofing and the large glass surface only a horizontal, gradually fuming plank covering, as well as at the storage part a split stack of wood of small texture can be seen. Because of lifting out from the surrounding gravel layer it produces a floating effect.
The ground-plan layout is characterized by transparency and fineness. It consists of two main units: one of them is a central room for living and dining functions together with a shower-toilet unit. The other one is the terrace open in two directions but roofed, together with a storage room beside. The central space has a full glass surface in the direction of the lake; the other internal surfaces are covered with paneled wood covering which hides the storages and the kitchen as well. The building is protected from warming up by means of outer fabric roller-blinds, when they are rolled down the building has another life in operation and in its appearance as well: in such cases the terrace is totally protected so it is an individual outdoor living-room.


text:
Many ideas grow better when transplanted into another mind than in the one they sprung up.
Oliver Wendell Holmes
Humor ebooks
Comic Book Collection
I will give 5 stars to this book because by reading this book one will get answers to the following questions which are given below,
•	Powerful Economic Investment Potential?
•	An introduction to comic book collecting?
•	Preservation tips?
•	A guide on what to collect?
•	Grading your comic books?
Title: Comic Book Collection
Author: Dave Gieber
"Who else needs a quick and easy resource for comic book collecting?"
Discover, for a small registration fee, the joys of your own collection without leaving your computer. Risk free!
Comic ebook collection, are you seriously thinking about starting one yourself or do you want to continue the one you have? Then "Comic Book Collecting, a Starting Point" was written just for you. This ebook was designed to help you jump-start your collection using Internet resources!
Powerful Economic Investment Potential
An introduction to comic book collecting
A guide on what to collect
Grading your comic books
I guess one of the biggest questions that may be going through your mind is "Why Even Collect Comic Books?" First and foremost, many people have an avid interest in reading comic books. They can stimulate the hearts and imagination of the soul with a visually descriptive, emotional interaction with the reader. Go where no man has gone before. Hey, where have I heard that before? The mind can conjure up worlds of imagination and adventure. Comic books can provide the road map to these unknown destinations.
Let me ask you 3 intriguing questions:
Do you know why people collect comic books?
Do you know where to get quality comics books at... Click here to read the full description!
182 Hilarious Jokes!
Reviewed by Steven on 2006-02-02
BIGGEST LOAD OF OLD CRAP JOKES EVER ASSEMBLED!!!
WHAT A WASTE OF MONEY, IT MUST HAVE TOOK 10 MINUTES TO MAKE!!
Title: 182 Hilarious Jokes!
Author: D. Thompson
This newly released e-Book contains 182 hilarious jokes. The Jokes are split into four different catagories; One liners, Longer Jokes, Rude Jokes and Blonde Jokes.
These jokes have been collected over a number of years especially for this ebook, each joke has been hand picked for this ebook, you wont find any bad jokes here!
Resell Rights Are Included!
ONE LINERS
A brain went into a pub and said, "Can I have a pint of lager please?" "No way" says the barman "you are already out of your head".
Why don't cats like shaving? Because 9 out of 10 prefer Whiskas.
LONGER JOKES
Hopelessly lost, a businessman approaches a local in a village. 'What's the quickest way to York?' he asks. The local scratches his head. 'Are you walking or driving?' 'I'm driving' the man replies. 'Hmmm' ponders the local. 'I'd say that's definitely the quickest way'.
(apologies to any blondes reading!)
A young brunette goes into the doctor's office and says that her body hurts wherever she touches it.
"Impossible," says the doctor. "Show me."
She takes her finger and pushes her elbow and screams in agony. She pushes her knee and screams, pushes her ankle and screams. Everywhere she touches makes her scream.
The doctor says, "You're not really a brunette, are you?"
She says, "No, I'm really a blonde".
"I thought so," he says. "You have a broken
101 dirty dumb blonde jokes
Title: 101 dirty dumb blonde jokes
Warning! Adults Only!
1. Q: What's the difference between a blonde and a rooster?
A: A Rooster says in the Morning - "Cockll-doodlle-doooooo", while
a blonde shouts, "Any-cock'll-doooo."
2. Q: What is the best secretary in the world to have?
A: The one that never misses a period.
3. Q: What do blondes say after sex?
A: "Thanks, guys!".
4. Q: What's the difference between a blonde and The Titanic?
A: They know how many men went down on The Titanic.
5. Q: What's the difference between a blonde and the Atlantic
Coast?
A: There's fewer crabs in the Atlantic.
The Power of Laughter
Category: Health, Humor
Title: The Power of Laughter
Author: John Williams
How to be Happier, Healthier and Have More Fun!
Laughter IS The Best Medicine!
Picture this. You're standing around the water cooler at the office, sharing comments about last nights favorite sitcom. Here comes "Joe the Jerk," the buffoon of the office staff.
He butts in with, "have you heard the latest about the farmers daughter?" He launches into his latest off color joke completing ignoring the gender or makeup of his audience.
When he finally finishes, an uncomfortable silence falls across the group. Moments later one or two people may offer a half hearted chuckle and the group breaks up heading back to their workplace amid an uncomfortable atmosphere.
Unfortunately this, or something similar, happens every day around the globe.
There's no doubt about it, laughter truly is the best medicine. You probably have your own personal "library" of jokes that you roll out when the occasion arises.
However, have you ever given any thought to "joke etiquette?" Probably not, because until now there hasn't been any guidelines written on the subject.
That's no longer the case. "The Power Of Laughter" brings you a long list of wonderfully laughable jokes. . .however. . .it doesn't stop there.
Not just another overdone "joke ebook,"The Power Of Laughter" explores the anatomy of a joke from introduction straight through to delivery.
He discusses the right and wrong way to tell a joke and teaches you how to determine the "appropriateness" and timing of your joke.
He also explores:
Laughing at your own joke
How to keep it simple
Risque jokes - yes or no
Wrong joke or wrong audience
Insults and put-downs
How to be a good audience
How to steal from the best
Your biggest asset
John Williams does not promise that you'll be the next star on the professional comedy circuit, but he does teach you how to add humor and life to your social and business encounters.
Whether you are already a good storyteller or someone who would like to discover how to develop and deliver a repertoire, there is something for everyone in "The Power Of Laughter."
Grab your copy today and be the life of the party tomorrow!
John Williams is a professional magician with his own online magic shop http://www.ezymagic.com/
John conducts workshops and presentations on varied subjects, including "Simple Steps to Successful Speaking".
Ask the EBookWholesaler Member that supplied this ebook to you about John's other ebooks, "Ezy Magic", "Ezy Magic Fun Ebook", "$pare Time Dollar$", the "ezyebook Manual" and "Ezy-Internet ABC" and "Blog Biz for Beginners". They are all published by eBookWholesaler..
Title: Standup Comedy
Has Anyone Ever Told You That You Could Be A Stand-Up Comedian?
Well, here's your chance to try it out for size. Just think, you are making jokes and everyone is laughing. As you were growing up, you kept your friends, family and classmates in stitches. They would fall over whenever you told a joke. They couldn't get enough of them and always wanted you to keep them supplied with more.
Then it dawned on you-if you could do that with just familiar faces, what says that you couldn't do it with complete strangers? Then, an idea was born-being a stand-up comedian! You've always excelled in making people laugh. Now you were looking at bigger and better things for yourself.
With this report, Stand-up Comedy (The Secret to Becoming a Successful Comedian!), you will be able to discover the tricks of the trade. Stand-up comedy is a great way to get noticed by others. It is a different kind of comedic adventure. Stand-up comedians get a kick out of performing for a live audience.
The focus is to get their audience to laugh at their jokes and other material. There have been many famous comedians who have started out in stand-up comedy and have excelled big time with television sitcoms and movies.
In order to be a successful stand-up comedian, you have to know how to make audiences like your material so that they will enjoy your show. If you don't satisfy them, you will know
Made for Humor
Category: Arts, Humor, Illustrated Picture Books
Reviewed by Chello on 2017-08-25
Funny and entertaining! Always worthwhile a good laugh. . .
Reviewed by Z.M.Shelley on 2013-05-10
I read some strips from Facebook and I was amused. So I checked your site and I found this. This E-book is free? It is original. I like the layout and the black background. Best of all, I had a great laugh. Thanks to the authors. I'm waiting for the next book.
Reviewed by Joel A. on 2013-05-07
Humorous! Good for leisure reading.
Title: Made for Humor
Author: Jenny James and Zedrick Atkinson
"Made for Humor" is a collection of selected "Jokes are Free" comic strips from August 2012 to March 2013. Unique and humor-packed, this E-book feature exclusively made characters that are devoted to making readers smile, laugh or even enjoy a dash of humor in every page. It is FREE for everyone's use and it can freely be shared to anyone who enjoys short, witty and humorous conversations of cartoon characters in strips.
The book is intended only for PC reading. It has not been tested in any other platforms.
Viagra, Snuff, and Rock 'n' Roll
Category: Adventure, Humor, Travel
Reviewed by Robert A Webster on 2015-05-27
A hilarious Adventure following the exploits of an elderly Rock band as they tour South east Asia. . . highly recommended
Hilarious adventure by an upcoming British Comedy writer
Title: Fossils
Author: Robert A Webster
Fossils follows the adventures of four elderly musicians who form a band while residing in an old folks home in England The band is unwittingly propelled into the British spotlight by a young disc jockey, but they are billed as a young vibrant band. To escape the nations media attention until things can be resolved, the four old rockers flee to tour in the Philippines. After being found by the media there, they continue to evade the press by fleeing to Cambodia, but they are discovered there shortly after arriving by a nasty journalist, so they head to Thailand. Meanwhile in England, the daughter of Steve, the bands leader, manages to convince the nation that the Fossils do not exist and it was a ploy by a record company. Unfortunately, prior to them being able to return home, one of the band members passes away, leaving the others to find there way home, amid a quagmire of red tape.
Fossils tells of the calamitous adventures in South east Asia by the four elderly musicians, as they discover a new, exciting and carefree way of life.
Viagra snuff and Rock'n'Roll
A Divine Comedy
Category: Humor, Religion
Incredible hilarious and downright funny! A wonderful book to read.
Title: The Adventures of Jesus
Author: W. Sauttter
JC's at it again!
Jesus's return in 2009 meets brand new obstacles.
Political correctness and modern culture make things tough on the old Messiah.
Even the miracles have their problems.
If you don't laugh out loud, I'll give you your money back!
See the video trailer - 'The Adventures of Jesus' at You Tube
More Books by Walt
The Three Dollar Phoenix
Sticks - A Golfer's Tale
Skeet Shoot
The Blood of Judas - Vampires of the Third Reich
Who Killed Coach?
A Thailand Adventure
Category: Adventure, Fiction, Humor
Great Comedy Adventure set in Thailand. Our heroes are three lovable English rogues and a mad Thai monk. . . what can possibly go wrong?
Title: Siam Storm
Siam Storm-A Thailand Adventure
Please enjpy the first adventure in the popular Siam Storm Series.
When a small golden box containing dental remains of the Buddha is stolen and its guardian monks murdered; it is the surviving combatant monk, Pon's, duty to recover the holy item and avenge his brother monks. Pon leaves his secluded monastery in the Cardamom jungle to search of the man responsible. He enters Cambodia, where he finds the employer of, Dam, the man who committed the crime, but Dam has already fled, taking the box.
Spock, Stu, and Nick are three lovable English rogues who are enjoying a holiday of a lifetime in Thailand. While enjoying a raucous night out, they accidently stumble across the holy box and, unaware of its sacred contents, replace them with Nicks knocked out dentures.
Pon, after pursuing Dam to Pattaya, located on the south-eastern seaboard of Thailand, runs into Spock, Stu, and Nick. Calamity follows and they all get swept up into a new kind of adventure.
The fun has just begun...
A Vietnamese Adventure
Third book in the hilarious Siam Storm series. A pursuit through Vietnam to rescue a damsel in distress. . . highly recommended.
Title: Bimat - Siam Storm 3
A kidnap and ransom demand lead our hapless heroes into a pursuit through Vietnam. Pon is tested to his limit, as he must choose between his faith or save the most precious thing in his life. Fortunately, Spock and Stu are there to help and bumble through yet another adventure in South-east Asia. Our heroes become trapped and held by a ruthless band of mercenaries, led by an ex-Iranian Commando with a penchant for violence, and an arrogant English con-man. The group are funded by a wealthy Sheik who is hell bent on revenge. Our little pumpkins have to find an underground hide out within the maze of the Chu Chi tunnels, escape captivity, rescue a damsel in distress, restore order, and find a good drinking place in the hustle and bustle of Hanoi.
In this, the third novel of the Siam Storm series, we find Stu Spock and Pon face their most difficult challenge yet, as they are not only facing a cunning astute adversary, but also have to wrestle their own demons within. They learn a very important lesson...don't drink Heineken.
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Humor Package!
4 Humor ebooks Click here to see the full list of these ebooks
(total value $27.95)


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text:
How Modern-Day Technology Has Changed ...
Technology Has Enhanced The Online ...
How Modern-Day Technology Has Changed The Gaming World?
by New Theory December 9, 2018
As kids, we would have played indoor as well as outdoor games and had the chance to meet and interact with their friends and neighbours directly. With the evolution of the Internet and several other technologies, the gaming world has witnessed a drastic change and has grown exponentially. Earlier, it was just the video games that entertained people. Players used gaming consoles to play these video games, but now with the invention of online games, the video games have been pushed back. To know more, read further…
Modern-Day Gaming
With so much of technological advancements, the gaming world has evolved a lot and continues to evolve. In fact, the gaming industry has witnessed an exponential growth, and this includes several genres of gaming. These games include logical as well as analytical games and one among them is ceme online poker game which is quite common among the people. Gamers find poker games to be interesting and entertaining.
The invention of PCs dragged people away from video games and made them play online games. As the computer and other technologies evolved, the gaming world also evolved simultaneously. The actual origin and history of the online games date back to early days when the Internet came into existence.
The growth of the Internet and the technological advancement has modified the functionalities that were needed for video games. As the technology developed day-by-day, the functionalities got enhanced eventually. Majority of the online video games that people played had an inbuilt online component present within it. This in-built component allows the gamers to play multi-player games – compete against or play together with other online gamers.
Online games include games that are played either partially or completely via the Internet. Generally, these online games are ubiquitous in nature and are hosted either over the gaming platforms or gaming consoles. The design of the online games differs from one another – they either feature a simple text-based environment or a colorful user interface with interactive visual effects.
Also, the online games comprise of complex graphics and features walkthrough options. Usually, these online games are played on a virtual world and include an essential online component. This component could either be a minor in-built feature such as a leader board or could involve a major component of the gameplay.
Role of Artificial Intelligence on the Modern-Day Gaming
The invention of Artificial Intelligence has changed the way people look at the games. The concept of video games has changed completely, and it encompasses a broad range of modern-day technology along with it. With the introduction of Artificial Intelligence, the gaming world has transformed to a whole new level.
Consider that you're into a multiplayer environment but you don't have any opponent to compete or play against you. This kind of gaming is no way entertaining and makes the game look completely dull. The invention of Artificial Intelligence has changed the way people look at online games. To explain technically, the AI technology was used in the games from its early stages.
When the game developers implemented AI as a part of the game, people started looking at it in a unique way. One key fact that is to be noted is that AI has advanced and evolved a lot in recent years and has begun to mimic the activities of Human Beings and much more than each day.
With years passing by, the AI and other technologies are evolving continuously and are advancing to the next level. In addition to this, the AI technology has already reached its peak where people have started to develop, teach, and train a computer-controlled gaming player. Here, the AI technology acts a human.
The invention of AI technology has led to the greatest technological advancements, and the gaming world is no exception. This technological evolution is the primary reason behind the existence of video as well as online virtual games.
To conclude upon, the technology has advanced to a great extent. Two decades back no one would have ever imagined to this level. Now that, the Internet and technological advancements have led to the continuous evolution of the gaming world.
The future of gaming is so unpredictable, but there are high chances for unexpected things to happen!
Technology Has Enhanced The Online Gaming World
Toptal Review: Is Toptal Better Than UpWork?
Home Improvement Ideas for Florida Residents
5 Tips On Running An Environmentally Friendly Businesses
Many business owners are concerned about the environment. As the importance of sustainability becomes ...
New Theory May 24, 2019
4 Ways to Improve Your Brand With Custom Boxes
Can a cardboard box make a difference to a business's image in the market? ...
New Theory September 23, 2020
Relocation, Getting Yourself Organized Before You Start
Although the prospect of relocating can seem really exciting at first to everybody within ...


ARRIS is a worldwide innovator in IP, video and broadband technologies. It has created the digital TV, delivered the first wireless broadband gateway and pioneers in the area of Ultra HD, MultiScreen a cloud services. "Our goal consists in solving today's problems and in preparing for future ones. In cooperation with our customers, ARRIS will keep solving the most urgent challenges of the 21st century. We invent the future together.
TP Vision is a strong player focused on the area of visual digital entertainment. TP Vision focuses on development, production and marketing of Philips TV sets in Europe, Russia, Middle East, Brasil, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay and selected states of Asia and Pacific. TP Vision combines perfect design and experience in Philips TV innovations with precise production, flexibility and speed of TPV. Thanks to this combination, the company brings high-quality TV sets to the market: they are smart and easily controllable, with emphasis on sophstication, e.g. new materials and thin design. When developing its devices, the company intends to provide its users only with exceptional TV experience. With Philips TV sets, TP Vision has become worldwide number one in the area of sales of hotel TV sets. TP Vision with registered office in Amsterdam, Holland, is exclusive holder of Philips TV brand licence in all above mentioned states. The company is 100% owned by TPV, world leader in production of monitors and LCDs, with registered office in China. For long years, TPV Group has been strengthening its position in the world marked thanks to use of long years of experience with development, production and logistic efficiency. TP Vision employs about 2 000 persons at several places all over the world.
Brightcove Inc. (NASDAQ: BCOV), a leading global provider of cloud services for video, offers a family of products that revolutionize the way organizations deliver video experiences. The company's products include Video Cloud, the market-leading online video platform and Zencoder, a leading cloud-based media processing service and HTML5 video player technology provider. Brightcove has more than 6,300 customers in over 70 countries that rely on Brightcove cloud content services to build and operate video experiences across PCs, smartphones, tablets and connected TVs. For more information, visit http://www.brightcove.com .
SentiOne is a professional tool to follow information on a selected topic from the whole web. With us, you will learn who, what, where, when and how has published on-line about your company, brand or product. Regarless of whether it is discussed in social networks, on-line forums, blogs or websites.
SentiOne gives the answer to the question: "How are companies, brands, events or persons visible on line?"
On-line following of your brand has never been so easy and funny!
Stream Group, a development marketing company from the Netherlands has developed a complete CloudTV solution for providers and operators of TV broadcasting. Stream Group has more than 10 years of experience with providing solutions for OTT, IPTV and hybrid DVB projects. Stream Group clients include M7, Vodafone and Orange. The Solocoo platform was developed by Stream Group in order to offer the above stated subjects a solution for next generation distribution of videos and streaming. Stream Group offers and provides the relevant building blocks, including Live TV (OTT Multiscreen, IPTV or DVB hybrid boxes), VoD, network PVR, contents protection or end-to-end turnkey solution.


text:
Harry Cheslaw
The Power, Money and Morality of One of the World's Richest Men
Carlos Slim
By Diego Osorno
Grupo Carso and it's flat hierarchy
"Historia de Grupo Carso" is the title of a document he wrote to share how his empire evolved….Grupo Carso's business principles include working without any corporate staff (since the company should always be localised at the production plant, operations and sales, and with minimum operational expenditure). It also specifies that investment should always go into the production plant and the administration and distribution teams, never into corporate assets.
Slim explains:
'The aim is to reduce the hierarchy to a minimum, bringing the directors as near as possible to the operations, and having them work for that and not for corporate structures. We try to combine executive activity with the interest of shareholders through a delegate of the president of the committee, who, working in conjunction with the directors, will seek to constantly optimise investments, strategy and expenditure'
The Washington Consensus
Osorno describes how Slim was able to hugely benefit from the privatisation of Mexico and its adoption of further neoliberal policies."
"It was during the intensive application of neoliberalism in Mexico, through the so-called Washington Consensus, that Slim amassed a significant share of his capital.
What is the Washington Consensus? It's a term colloquially given to the economic modal imposed by world powers on developing countries. One of the best definitions provided comes from Indian writer Pankaj Mishra, who describes it as 'the dominant ideological orthodoxy before the economic crisis of 2008: that no nation can advance without reining in labor unions, eliminating trade barriers, ending subsidies and, most importantly, minimising the role of the government."
Money, Wealth and Business
Slim — "Maybe, I don't think money is a symbol of success, because you can have a lot of money, and yet be miserable and alone. Someone said of a person:'He was so poor, so very poor, that all he has was money.' I think that sums it up very well.
Also, we need to make a distinction between money and business. It's one thin to have X million or billion in the bank, or in cash, or in investments, or in whatever you like, and it's another to have a business, where what you have is an important investment for society"
Slim went on, now commenting on the difference he saw between the concepts of income and wealth. He characterised income as the fruit of wealth, while wealth should be managed in such a way that it bears fruit, so that it can be distributed among others. "It's the fruit that should be distributed, not the wealth itself. Does that make sense?"
The Millionaire Mindset
"After completing his civil engineering studies at the UNAM, he found inspiration in the page of a Playboy magazine. One day, he read an article by Jean Paul Getty, the first man to accumulate a fortune of over $1 billion. Getty's philosophy around the need to have a "millionaire mentality" to succeed made an impression on the young student."
Osorno describes how in 1995, attorney Hamdan, as part of a lawsuit against Telmex, offered an analogy about the advantageous purchase of the state telephone company in which Hamdan equated the sale of Telmex with that of a taxi leased for under half its price, and in addition, with the privilege of circulating ton the street without any competitors.
"When selling Telmex, the government, sold a taxi worth 28,999 pesos at the price of 12,000. For good measure, it threw in receipts, license plates, road tax, route permissions, repair workshops, the profits of the whole year in which the purchase was made, and a six-month term to finish paying of the vehicle."
More from Harry Cheslaw
Anuj Dhawan
Can stock market returns foretell election results in India?
Val Popov
General Theory of Inflation
Youngtsen
Youngtsen's Daily Market Comments
Daily Market Comments(20210716)-Coming Storms
CtrlAltDelete Finance
The all-mighty Dollar
ecyY
50-Years of Fiat Money
ICO Services
Hong Kong Protests: The Impact on Hong Kong's Status as Top Class Financial Hub
Future Studies — How to Predict the Future
Mohan Rao
Core Digital Strategy
Greenwashing— Responsible Investing (2)


Waterbury Walnut "Buffalo" Calendar Clock: has pendulum and key; marked WC calendar dial; 8 day; half hour strike; door decorated with gilt brick wall and potted plants.
The pendulum is not original nor is the key. The clock runs good and comes with a 1 year warranty.
Shipping is not free and will be calculated after the purchase and will include insurance.


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text:
> NHSGGC to support Pride Glasgow festival with first smokefree family zone
" alt="NHSGGC to support Pride Glasgow festival with first smokefree family zone" />
NHSGGC to support Pride Glasgow festival with first smokefree family zone
This weekend's Pride Glasgow festival in Glasgow Green is set to have a dedicated smokefree family zone for the first time.
The Village Green, a brand new area designed for families, is a smoke and alcohol free area sponsored by NHSGGC's Smokefree Service.
Attractions will include:
Picnic table style seating
Family entertainment including a Harry Potter inspired owl show, exotic creature show, Elsa & Olaf From Frozen
A magic show and a soft play facility with ballpitt for under 5s
Baby changing facilities and toilets for children
Arts & crafts activities
Free face painting for Under 13s
Health board staff will be on hand to give festival goers support and advice on quitting smoking and refer them to local smokefree services.
Linda de Caestecker, director of Public Health, said: "This will be the first smokefree zone to be held at the festival and we hope to see plenty of people come along over the weekend.
"Over the course of the weekend we want to help people to take the first step in joining more than 150,000 people who have already used our Smokefree Services over the last five years to try to stop smoking.
"The service offer friendly support from highly skilled advisers and will work with people to create their own personalised quit plan and we offer support for as long as it's needed.
"Smoking is the most preventable cause of ill health and premature death in Scotland with around one in four of all deaths attributable to smoking. It's responsible for around 33,500 hospital admissions annually and costs the NHS around £400 million to treat smoking-related illness each year.
"The benefits of stopping are felt not only by those who have quit the habit, but clearly also by those who are no longer exposed to second hand smoke. Our presence at the family zone will hopefully reinforce the message that its important children are not subjected to second hand smoke in the home and public places."
The board's equalities team will also have a stand in the family zone where they'll be asking people about their experiences of NHSGGC and how the system could be working better for the lesbian, gay, bi-sexual, transgender and intersex community.
They will be joined by other NHSGGC services including HR, NHS Volunteering, Drink Wise Age Well, and Glasgow Council for Alcohol. The board's community stalls have been arranged to be alongside one other in order to easily refer people to each other's services.
The Steve Retson Project, the Sandyford Services specialist sexual health service for gay, bisexual and men who have sex with men, is looking to build on last year's positive reception where they engaged with thousands of Pride goers to promote its clinic and counselling service.


text:
North Korea says US ruining mood of detente ahead of summit
May 6, 2018	Comments 0 indiana7
[unable to retrieve full-text content]PYONGYANG, North Korea (AP) — With just weeks to go before President Donald Trump and North Korean leader Kim Jong Un are expected to hold their first-ever summit, Pyongyang on Sunday criticized what it called "misleading" claims that Trump's policy of maximum political pressure and sanctions are what drove the North to the negotiating table.
Haley: NKorea 'brings us closer to war' the US doesn't seek
UNITED NATIONS (AP) — The U.S. ambassador to the United Nations said Wednesday that North Korea's launch of an intercontinental ballistic missile — which some observers believe could reach the
AP Source: Trump had lawyer urge AG against Russia recusal
[unable to retrieve full-text content]WASHINGTON (AP) — President Donald Trump directed his White House counsel to urge Attorney General Jeff Sessions to not recuse himself from the Justice Department's investigation
The Latest: Streaks on the line in UK-Wichita State game
The Latest on the NCAA Tournament (all times Eastern): 2:55 p.m. The Kentucky-Wichita State rematch has tipped off in Indianapolis on a court where bluegrass teams are having a tough


Bella Pummarola: $200 Cash Giveaway!
Hey guys! I have a huge surprise for you today! I know you love giveaways (who doesn't?) and I have hosted so many in these past three years, but this is the first time the prize is cash. Yes, you heard that right!
You can win $200 PayPal cash and it's super easy to enter! The giveaway is courtesy of Catalina Toys (check out their YouTube channel) and the winner will be picked on Halloween.
The giveaway is open internationally, but you are required to have a PayPal account to receive the prize.
The giveaway ends on 10/31/2016 at 1:00 PM EST.
Wow, this is indeed perfect for Holiday shopping, good luck to everyone!
Amazing! Checking it out already!
Awesome giveaway! So going to enter!
Such an amazing giveaway! Thanks for sharing!
Cool giveaway. Nothing better than cash!
Wow, this is so generous of you.
Participando amei o vídeo, obrigado pela visita volte sempre.
Thank you so much - what a generous giveaway!
Such a wonderful giveway, thanks a lot!
This would be great for the holidays.


We are interested in developing in Asia, Canada, Eastern Europe, Mexico, Middle East, Western Europe, World Wide, and inside the United States.
Thank you for your interest in scheduling an appointment with B.GOOD at The International Franchise Expo. Enter your email below to continue.


Belle Grove Plantation – Up for Auction!
As most of you know, I love auctions! And this one has really got my attention!
I was notified by a private individual, who has been following our blog, that she has an auction I might be interested in.
One part of our history really caught her attention, that of Thomas Lomax Hunter. Thomas Lomax Hunter was the grandson of Carolinus Turner, the gentleman planter who owned the plantation from 1839 until his death in 1876. Carolinus was responsible for the architectural changes that took Belle Grove's mansion from the simple Federal plantation house to the grand Greek Revival mansion that it is today. Thomas's mother, Susan Rose Turner, known as Rose Turner, was born here as was her son, Thomas. Thomas would later go on to become a Virginia State Poet Laureate.
This individual is in possession a number of original copies of poetry, signed photographs, book, newspaper clippings and one unpublished poem. She has recently put these items up for auction on ebay. She was kind enough to notify me of this auction. Sadly, the starting bid is well out of our price range right now with all the purchases we still need to make to complete the mansion.
Below is the information from the ebay auction of the items.
Hunter, Thomas Lomax, lawyer and poet, was born in King George County, Va., Mar. 6, 1875, son of Frederick Campbell Stewart and Susan Rose (Turner) Hunter and a descendant of James Hunter, a native of Scotland, born there in 1661, who immigrated to Virginia. . . . His father, a judge, served in the rank of captain in the Confederate Army during the Civil War. After receiving his preliminary education with private tutors, the son attended William and Mary College and Georgetown University, where he studied law. Admitted to the bar of Virginia in 1908, he began practice in King George and continued there independently until the close of his life. Outside of his legal activities, his influence was felt in Virginia through a column, "As It Appears to the Cavalier," which he contributed to the Richmond Times-Dispatch from 1929 until his death. Concerned with state and national affairs, a selection of these writings was published in book form as "Columns from the Cavalier" in 1935. He was a frequent contributor to literary magazines and was best known as a poet. . . . In 1948 he was named poet laureate of Virginia by the general assembly. In 1918 and 1920 Hunter represented King George and Stafford counties in the Virginia House of Delegates, where he supported the causes of woman suffrage, improved roads, compulsory education, and higher education for women, and opposed prohibition. During the First World War he served as food administrator for King George County. . . . Gardening and farming were his chief recreations. . . . He died in Fredericksburg, VA., June 19, 1948.
THE S.E.P. WOULD NOT THINK IT GOOD FORM IF BY ANY CHANCE THEY HEARD OF IT.
22) CIRCE – ON POET'S ATTORNEY AND COUNSELOR LETTERHEAD – KING GEORGE, VIRGINIA – SIGNED – ANNOTATIONS: 174. F SOLD – THIS IS IN THE XMAS ? OF LIVE STORIES.
MAYBE YOU WILL SEE IT.
Please take a moment to view her auction.
It is my hope that someone will be able to purchase these items and at least return them to King George, Virginia. I am sure the King George Historical Society would love to have them as much as I would. It would be so nice to have something that belonged to one of our residences back at the plantation.
A return to ones roots can be liberating. Hoping these items find their way home!
How nice if at least one item could be donated or at the very least given as a loan.
I wish I was rich, rich, rich and I'd just buy the stuff up and donate to you!
Aw you are so sweet. I wish we could do that.
It's an impressive collection. Hopefully it can find its way home.
It really is. If it doesn't, my hope it that it will go to a good home.
Oh, my. It's too bad it's above your price point, but I hope it all goes to a good home, too.
Yes I know. But we have hope it will.


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Review of Aspen, a documentary film by Frederick Wiseman
Michael R. Hill, University of Nebraska-LincolnFollow
Hill, Michael R. 1992. Review of Aspen, a documentary film by Frederick Wiseman. Teaching Sociology 20 (2): 178-179.
Copyright 1992 Michael R. Hill
Frederick Wiseman's most recent documentary was heralded in the New York Times (December 29, 1991, pp. 27,36) with considerable fanfare, but for this reviewer Aspen is a sociological disappointment. Wiseman's unusually keen documentary grip on the subtleties and institutional complexities of Western society has momentarily slipped in his presentation of the collage of institutionally disjointed images offered in Aspen. Visually excavating the social nexus of community life as a whole is a worthy objective for filmmakers of Wiseman's stature and experience, but sociology instructors who hope that Aspen might serve as an institutionally sophisticated community study will have to look elsewhere.


text:
Omnibus Law Plants Seeds of Change in Indonesia's Agricultural Sector
Greater Role for FDI and Move Away from Food Self-sufficiency Mantra
This is the seventh in our series of ABNR Legal Updates on the Job Creation Law, which entered into force on 2 November 2020. This time we look at the changes the Job Creation Law makes in the agricultural sector.
The Job Creation Law ("JCL", or Omnibus Law, as it is familiarly known), makes a number of significant changes to the regulatory regime in Indonesia's agricultural sector, including greater recognition of the role of foreign investment in commercial agriculture, and a shift away from the fixation with food self-sufficiency that has long characterized official policy.
JCL amends a number of statutes related to the agricultural sector, including the following:
Law No. 13 of 2010 on Horticulture ("Horticulture Law")[1]
Law No. 22 of 2019 on Sustainable Agriculture[2]
Law No. 19 of 2013 on the Protection and Empowerment of Farmers ("Farmers Protection Law")[3]
As always with JCL, it is important to remember that it only lays the foundations for change, with the actual bricks and mortar to be put in place later by way of implementing / ancillary regulations. Thus, little can be said with certainty as to what will actually transpire until these regulations have been issued and promulgated.
Note: The discussion in this ABNR Legal Update is, for the most part, confined to general agriculture. Plantation agriculture will be addressed in a separate update.
1. Relaxation of Foreign Investment Restrictions in Horticultural Sector
The overall tone of the Horticulture Law is essentially protectionist and anti-foreign direct investment ("FDI"). Indeed, it restricts foreign ownership of ventures or undertakings in the sector to 30%. By contrast, JCL removes this restriction, as well as a number of others, and states that FDI in horticulture should be promoted.
As regards the 30% foreign ownership cap prior to the Horticulture Law's amendment by JCL, this ties in with what is known as the Negative Investment List (Daftar Negatif Investasi / "DNI"), which has long been a fundamental aspect of Indonesia's investment regime (both domestic and FDI). From the FDI perspective, the DNI sets out a long list of business lines that are either 100% closed to FDI or open to FDI subject to conditions (most significantly, foreign ownership caps in particular business lines).
The DNI is mandated by Article 12(1) of the 2007 Investment Law, which has now been amended by JCL in such a way that would seem to imply a major relaxation of foreign ownership restrictions. While we cannot be certain as to precisely what will happen until such time as the necessary ancillary regulation has been issued, it is quite conceivable that the horticultural sector will be 100% open to foreign investment in the near future.
2. Move Away from Food Self Sufficiency Policy
Self-sufficiency in basic foodstuffs, particularly rice, has been an obsession of Indonesian governments for as long as anyone can remember, notwithstanding that the efforts to achieve self-sufficiency often impose high economic costs on just about everyone -- from farmers all the way to end consumers. The intention of the Omnibus Law in this regard appears to be to move away from the self-sufficiency mantra towards a general recognition that importing food that is difficult to produce in Indonesia may not, at times, be such a bad thing after all. Thus, the Omnibus repeals the provisions of the Farmers Protection Law that require restrictions on food imports and the prioritization of local production for the fulfillment of domestic demand. Further, basic foodstuffs may now also be imported even where abundant local stocks are available.
ABNR Commentary
As the Omnibus Law provides little more than a snapshot of the government's current way of thinking on the future of food production in Indonesia, we will have to await the issuance of the necessary ancillary regulations before we know just how far the Jokowi administration intends to go. However, given the sensitivity of agriculture in a country where the sector is the second largest contributor to GDP at 13.45% (behind industry on 19.5%), the government's decision to simultaneously liberalize foreign investment in commercial agriculture and jettison a slavish devotion to food self-sufficiency may herald big changes ahead.
Should you have any queries on the above or require legal advice as to how you can best protect your interests during this time of uncertainty, please contact the persons below, call us on +6221-2505125 or email us at info@abnrlaw.com.
Mr. Emir Nurmansyah (enurmansyah@abnrlaw.com)
Mr. Nafis Adwani (nadwani@abnrlaw.com)
Mr. Agus Ahadi Deradjat (aderadjat@abnrlaw.com)
[1] Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia No. 13 Tahun 2010 Tentang Hortikultura.
[2] Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia No. 22 Tahun 2019 Tentang Sistem Budi Daya Pertanian Berkelanjutan
[3] Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia No. 19 Tahun 2013 Tentang Perlindungan Dan Pemberdayaan Petani
This edition of ABNR News and the contents hereof are intended solely to provide a general overview, for informational purposes, of selected recent developments in Indonesian law. They do not constitute legal advice and should not be relied upon as such. Accordingly, ABNR accepts no liability of any kind in respect of any statement, opinion, view, error, or omission that may be contained herein. In all circumstances, you are strongly advised to consult a licensed Indonesian legal practitioner before taking any action that could adversely affect your rights and obligations under Indonesian law.


text:
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Sweden - Full Moon 213 - 01/16/14
Annika Fehling
Rust And Gold
Annika Fehling has been around a while and it shows on this new minialbum. It opens with a sensitive reading of the folk song "Kristallen den fina". It's a stunning and wholly powerful take on the song. "Lonely Love" features Peter LeMarc and is a beautiful song that benefits from the melding of voices in sweet harmony. "Making it Back" is another strong song, Fehling singing about Mississippi and sounding convincing with it.
"Blue" closes the album on a good note, Fehling singing a soft song about a pleasant experience. She has a style that's very pleasing to the ear, and this is a lovely record.
Copyright © 2014 Anna Maria Stjärnell


Dockside - B-Shed Freo | Gage Roads Brewing Co.
Gage Roads heads Dockside to open our first-ever pop-up venue over the March Labour Day long weekend at Freo's B-shed Ferry Wharf – and it's FREE! Think chilled vibes, mouth-watering tacos, live art, some of WA's best live music and most importantly, our full range of beers! In partnership with the legends behind The Dock, our fully themed bar will showcase what Gage Roads is all about – good beer and good times! Keep an eye on our socials for all the latest on live acts, live artists and more!
In alphabetical order: Ben Taaffe (MOVE), Blake Kelleway, DJ Beryl (Scarlett from San Cisco), DJ KOKO (Grace Barbé) & DJ Choppa Crucial, Doctopus (DJ Set), Ginoli, Grievous Bodily Calm DJ set, Jack Davies, Jeff Jackson, Lana Rothnie, Nicole Filev, Troy Division, Will Slade.


Under Construction. One of only three remaining PH floorplans. Located on the last premier waterfront site in downtown Sarasota, the Ritz-Carlton Residences Sarasota is designed with the most discerning luxury buyer in mind. If you demand the best of the best, this 6,131-square foot penthouse is sure to please. This four-bedroom, split floorplan is defined by sophisticated style, luxurious finishes and stunning waterfront views from virtually every room. Every architectural detail has been attended to with a meticulous eye, creating an experience from the moment you step off your private elevator to the moment you retire for the evening. Unwind from your expansive terrace while taking in the iconic Sarasota coastline saturated in the rich amber tones of a sunset or enjoy hosting under the stars amidst the sparkling city lights. The kitchen is a chef's dream equipped with high-end accoutrements including gas cooktops, Wolf and Subzero appliances, built-in double oven tower, 9-foot European cabinetry, butler's pantry and LED lighting throughout. Owners will enjoy the world-class service for which The Ritz-Carlton is known, including in-room dining, housekeeping, private valet, 24-hour concierge, resort-style pool, lap pool, advanced fitness center, a resident club with demonstration kitchen and private dog park. Minutes from the vibrant offerings of downtown Sarasota including shopping and dining options, theatre, opera or ballet. Life served to perfection.
I would like to get more information regarding listing: A4423775 @ 200 QUAY COMMONS #PH1903 Sarasota, FL 34236.


The Brewers "Arctic tailgate" kicks off the single-season ticket sales for 2012 home games. Those sales began at 9 AM Central time online @Brewers.com, and the Miller Park box office, and by telephone, 414 – 902 – 4000. If you are not at the ballpark, your best bet is by telephone. The tailgaters camped out in the parking lot last night, and there were long lines this morning.
The Ryan Braun Saga lasted what seemed like an eternity, and kept the Brewers fans tuned in to the news. Braun addressed his teammates at Maryvale Park, shortly after his arrival, and held a press conference for the media. Braun the NL MVP insisted all along he was innocent and believed a possible 50 game suspension would be overturned and that he would be in the lineup on opening day for the Milwaukee Brewers. Braun thanked the Brewers organization, principal owner Mark Attanasio, and his teammates for never doubting him. Ryan said, "When you go through a situation like this where everything you worked for has been called into question, you truly see who your friends are.
Brewer's manager Ron Roenicke was happy to see Ryan Braun, and that he wanted to talk to the team, so he and the coaches left the clubhouse, so Ryan could address his teammates in private. Ron Roenicke said, "We are a lot better team now'' that's all it comes down to.
The story is not over, but the Brewers players have work to do in defending their Central division championship. The pieces are in place for the Brewers to make another run for the ultimate goal, the World Series. Brewer's fans have supported their team, through the good times and the bad, and have always been some of the best fans in Baseball. Go Brewers 2012!


text:
Q: Regex for all characters and interpunction I'm scraping forum pages with python.
I need to get all the messages and messages need to have all the punctuation characters. But I need to remove all the spaces.
I tried to do that with this code: But I don't have . * and other in my output.
    found = [re.sub("[.*]+", " ", d.text.encode("utf-8").decode("utf-8"))]
    rez.extend(found)

for line in rez:
    line = re.sub(r'^\s+$|\n', '', line)
    text_file.write(line + "\n\n")
    print(line)

A: To remove all spaces from a string line you can simply do:
re.sub("\s", "",line)

This will keep all other punctuation and only remove spaces.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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FinPuller is made with durable, yet soft enough that it won't ding your board, recycled materials to ensure we don't just put another piece of plastic out there.
We thought about making it out of wood but the cost would be too high, we thought about making it out of sticks tied together with fallen leaves but the effect would be inconsistent. So we went with recycled plastic, we all do what we can.
My name is Guri, and I've always loved making things, surfing, and helping people solve problems. Living by the mantra; no problems, only solutions.
One day at Trestles I saw a kid struggling to pull out his fins, and that's when the FinPuller idea hit me.
After months of building prototypes in my studio and figuring out all the steps for getting from a patent to a manufactured item, I've been able to make this idea into a reality.
I've created a great durable product, that feels good in your hand and does no damage to your board or fin box On top of it all, FinPuller is made with recycled plastic, to ensure we don't just put another piece of plastic out there. It's a great tool to have that was designed so all surfers of all ages can change fins with ease. Enjoy!


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22 Murders: Investigating the Massacre, Cover-up, and Obstacles to Justice in Nova Scotia is a 2022 non-fiction book by Canadian writer Paul Palango. The book documents the 2020 Nova Scotia attacks and critiques the police response to the two day incident.

Production
The book is written by Nova Scotia-based writer and former journalist and editor Paul Palango. Palango has written three previous books critical of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) and prior to publishing 22 Murders, he wrote several articles on the attacks, that were published in Maclean's, The Halifax Examiner, and Frank (magazine).

The book was written following Palango's receipt of information from a concerned Orangeville resident who had been listening to the police communication via a radio scanner at the time of the attacks.

The book was published by Random House on April 12, 2022.

Synopsis
The book documents the police response to Gabriel Wortman killing 22 people on the 18th and 19th April 2020, in Portapique. Palango presents the actions of authorities in a critical light, highlighting his perceptions of their failures. He is critical of both the immediate response to the killings and the subsequent investigation, which he describes as a "cover up". Criticism is levied at the RCMP for using Twitter rather than the phone-based Alert Ready system to warn nearby communities. Palango is also critical of the RCMP for not setting up roadblocks, and for their choice to seek assistance from a neighbouring provincial police force some hours away rather than the most proximate municipal police forces.

Critical reception
The book was the third most popular non-fiction Canadian book in May 2022. Lawyer and writer Douglas J. Johnston, writing in the Winnipeg Free Press, praises Palango's research and analysis but also notes that the criticisms of the police are "largely circumstantial and conjectural".

References

2022 non-fiction books
Crime books
Current affairs books
Books about Nova Scotia

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia