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Letters – Issue 104
Kia ora koutou
Congratulations on the Maori name and the digital archive, which works very well and will be a wonderful resource. I will let researchers know.
Ka mau te wehi i a koutou!
Paul Diamond
Curator, Maori, Alexander Turnbull Library
Friendly fire – a flawed history
You recently published an excellent review by Nicky Hager of Gerald Hensley's Friendly Fire: Nuclear Politics & the Collapse of ANZUS, 1984-1987 (NZB, Spring 2013). As Hager's review shows, this is a history seriously marred by displays of Hensley's extreme dislike of our nuclear-free policy and legislation, and of everyone associated with it, including David Lange and his Labour Government, through bias in Hensley's presentation in favour of the traditional allies he knew, the US, Britain and Australia.
Hensley's book is marred by mistakes, small and large. A very serious mistake, and misrepresentation of Labour's 1984 election policy, occurs on p73 where Hensley writes that the policy "barred ships that might be nuclear-armed or -powered from the country's territorial waters". The policy was that Labour would legislate to make New Zealand and its territorial waters nuclear-free. Sections 5 to 7 of the legislation made clear that this meant no manufacture, acquisition, development, storage or deployment of nuclear weapons therein. Hensley was head of the Prime Minister's Department under David Lange and must have known and understood this policy and the resulting legislation in detail.
Further, as Hensley also should have known, the United Nations convention on the law of the sea guarantees the right of innocent passage for all ships, including warships through our territorial waters, and the legislation acknowledges this in section 12. Restrictions on ship visits, as spelled out in sections 9 and 11 of the legislation, apply only within our internal waters, any areas of the sea that are on the landward side of the baseline of the territorial sea, our ports essentially. This is an extremely serious mistake and misrepresentation of Labour policy and subsequent legislation, likely either to mislead readers relying on Hensley's claims or to make them think that New Zealand was ignorant of international law in this area.
An example of the extent of Hensley's bias is his deliberate misrepresentation of Labour's policy on ANZUS on pp300-301. He writes that it called for "the acceptance of absolutely equal partnership" and also "an absolute guarantee of the complete integrity of New Zealand sovereignty". This insistence, he claims, showed a strange lack of confidence in the country's ability to hold its own in dealing even with friendly countries; others were called on to guarantee its absolute independence. It was a sign of how the treaty had become a focus for feelings of national inadequacy.
The Labour election policy manifesto as given by Margaret Wilson, Labour Party president at the time, actually read:
the next Labour Government will re-negotiate the terms of our association with Australia and the United States for the purpose of ensuring the economic, social and political stability of the South East Asian and Pacific regions. The basic requirements of such an updated agreement will be:
(a) New Zealand's unconditional anti-nuclear stance;
(b) the active promotion of a Nuclear Weapons-Free South Pacific;
(c) the acceptance of absolute equal partnership on all issues handled within the terms of the agreement and unanimous agreement on all decisions taken under those terms;
(d) an absolute guarantee of the complete integrity of New Zealand's sovereignty.
This was described by Wilson as an attempted updating of the ANZUS Treaty to recognise changes in the positions of the signatories in its more-than-30-year life. It was an attempt "to preserve a relationship with the United States while embarking upon a more independent foreign policy", a completely different interpretation from that proposed by Hensley.
This is an unfortunate book. It reflects badly on the author and, through inaccuracy, misrepresentation and bias, is misleading for readers.
Former Director, Centre for Peace Studies
Tagged with: Issue 104, Summer 2013
Posted in Letters
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This week's Fiction Friday post is another story that came into the world through Z Publishing, in the America's Emerging Suspense Writers series (which also includes mysteries, though that part didn't make it into the book title) earlier this year. It's a longer one, but one of my favorites, complete with murder, mystery and small-town scandal.
When Kenny shot Charlie, no one was really sure how to react. It wasn't because it was all that surprising — Kenny had had it out for Charlie since day one — but we didn't know whether to rejoice at the end of a feud or dread whatever was coming next.
The bullet hit Charlie in the chest, right beneath the collarbone, on the wrong side. That is, if Kenny had been trying to kill him, anyone would've thought he'd aim for the heart. Now there was no chance Kenny could've shot that poorly at a range of 10 feet, but no one could think of a good reason why he would've shot Charlie without intending to kill him. Charlie's a good four inches taller than Kenny, and noticeably burlier, too; we figured wounding a guy like that would be a lot like picking a fight with a grizzly bear, armed with nothing but a hot branding iron. It just didn't make any sense.
Charlie died less than two hours later, and we weren't any closer to figuring out why everything unfolded as it did (or what the proper response to the whole thing was) when Kenny showed up at the cop shop, stuck a gun in his mouth and shot himself right in front of the attendant. (Next day the papers said the desk jockey was no more than a 23-year-old kid, fresh on the job that week, who got scared shitless watching a stranger lose their staring contest by blowing his brains out.) We were downright stumped. The whole town was. Kenny was always quiet in school, a skinny blonde kid with glasses and straight Cs through high school, except for a B- he got in shop class. But when Charlie came to town it was like a modern-day Wild West cowboy turf war settled in.
Charlie had a smile for everyone — most teachers loved him, and a lot of students did, too (with the exception of Kenny), but he probably wasn't the most popular. He wasn't much for sports, except pick-up basketball, occasionally; he got kicked off the tennis team for taking a whiz right outside the court at a match and he never seemed to care about appealing the ejection. Other than that one offense, he was usually pretty polite and didn't try to get away with anything either — he just seemed like a regular guy. But there was something about him that drove Kenny into such a rage whenever he laid eyes on big bear Charlie that anyone could see the steam coming out of his ears from a mile away.
Less than a week after the shootings, the papers printed some nonsense about Kenny being bullied as a child — just to confirm the clichés, I guess — but we all knew it had to be deeper than that. The kind of blind hatred Kenny had for Charlie didn't come from a slow buildup of swirlies and getting jumped for lunch money, and I'm sure it wasn't any of that cyberbullying garbage people are going on about these days. Kenny's revulsion seemed unique in the fact that it stayed the same from when he first saw Charlie's face to the day they died. But none of us could believe he was just a psychopath, neither. He came from a good family out in the country with two younger siblings — a brother and a sister — with no family history of mental illness or disability. The only criminal record was his great uncle Thythik's from when he tried not to pay his taxes and ended up doing it anyway.
So where was the motive (for the hatred, not the murder)? What made Kenny Kilbourne "snap," the news reporters asked. Well, they got his 22-year-old sister Sandy to answer some questions on some prime-time TV program that puzzled people even more.
TV interviewer: How would you describe your older brother, recently deceased?
Sandy Kilbourne: Dead.
TVI: [flustered] Well, yes, but ah…before that. As your brother, flesh and blood. …?
Sandy picked at her long, unpolished fingernails in serious concentration for a few seconds, then smiled briefly at the camera, and said, "Flesh and blood he may have been but my brother Kenny ain't really my brother Kenny. His ma adopted me after Charlie's ma — my ma —decided she didn't want me."
Now as you can imagine, her saying that raised all sorts of questions and quite a bit of scandal that both sets of parents was none too happy to have revealed on television after the deaths of their 30-year-old sons, but that was just the tip of the iceberg.
Sandy tossed back her straight blonde hair with a flick of her head and flung her arms across the lap of her hot pink dress. "Kenny was more of a brother to me than Charlie was, but Charlie was so straight with me I couldn't hold it against him," she said seriously. "I handed him my phone number a week after I met him, when I was a freshman in high school, and he looked me straight in the face with that sad smile of his and told me I was his sister without even looking at the note. I slapped him good and hard across the face because I thought he was bringing some religious crap in on me, like, 'you're just my sister in Christ, darlin'.' When I found out he was serious, I hit him again and cried my eyes out for three weeks straight, but after that we were almost like friends. Casual acquaintances, y'know, except that we knew something about each other that hardly anyone else did. But I knew I could never be his sister and he knew he could never be my brother and that was that. I already knew how much Kenny hated Charlie, I just never knew why."
Now I wasn't the first one to read into that line about 'he knew, I knew we'd never be brother and sister' and think, 'damn it all, they were having incestual relations' and Kenny was out for revenge against the guy who spoiled his sister. But then we go to thinking how she said — and everyone knew — those boys were deep in the throes of animosity long before Sandy was going ga-ga over Charlie. Sure it all could've been a lie. But then a third party showed up who claimed no strong ties to either of them and confirmed Sandy's story by saying Charlie would never hook up with a 15-year-old girl at that time, much less his sister. Why? Because Charlie Fontaine was screwing the mayor, 10 years his senior with a husband and two kids. How in the world this person found out about the affair was then a mystery, as is why they chose to speak up just then, but the day after that news came out the source was suddenly impossible to reach and the mayor was gone without a trace.
Needless to say the whole town was in an uproar, and the gossip was spreading like wildfire as it always does. A murder-suicide in which the victims are connected by a blonde bombshell plucked out of one family and put in the other, plus the mayor's affair with one of them — a significantly younger man — was too good not to be part of a weekly TV drama. But in the state's haste to find their missing mayor and the press's hurry to cover the story, weeks passed before anyone realized that Kenny's younger brother Jeb had also gone missing.
Jeb had been away at college in West Virginia, so no one thought it strange that he hadn't phoned home until Thanksgiving rolled around and he hadn't called to tell his parents when or if he was coming home. They tracked him down two days later and soon everybody knew Jeb had been the anonymous third party who phoned in with the information about the affair.
How did he know? He was friends with the mayor's daughter Angela who got him a job house-sitting for their family, when they were supposed to be on vacation in Florida for two weeks. But duty calls, and Mama had to come home early on "business" — at which time Jeb Kilbourne happened to be coming over to feed the dogs and caught Charlie and Madame Mayor Benedict locking lips in the living room. The mayor of course paid him more than the prearranged house-sitting wage to keep quiet (raising quite a vicious rumor among us townsfolk about just how much and from what accounts she paid him), but Jeb knew who Charlie was —how much his brother Kenny hated him, and only that he'd broken his sister's heart one day — so he wasn't too fond of the guy. It was only a matter of days before he told Kenny what he had seen, and by then it was less than a month before the shootings occurred.
So, what? Was Kenny sleeping with the mayor too, and wanted her to himself? Had he simply been looking for an excuse to off Charlie, and eventually chose to on the basis of his questionable morality? Or did he act as he thought he should have in the eyes of his younger brother, who knew so little of what happened between Sandy and her "real" brother, in order to carry out justice?
Well, if you're anything like us, the answer — the truth about what happened — was a long shot from what we could've come up with at the time. Exactly one year after the killings, the mayor wrote a letter to her husband from Washington (the state, a long way from here) with all the necessary details of the affair, in an attempt to convince Mr. Benedict that honesty was still the best policy, even though she wanted a divorce (we all got a good laugh at that). But she also added a few words that seemed to be merely included for the sake of our own curiosity as citizens of the Town Which This Tragedy Befell. According to her, Charlie had confided in her his own terror at being discovered, and that he didn't want to leave her but he was also afraid to stay. When she suggested they run away together (this was after the younger Kilbourne witnessed their affair), he didn't see her or answer her calls for weeks. Three days before his murder, Madame Mayor saw Charlie and Kenny having a serious conversation just up the block from Billy's Bar and Barbeque from her car. Charlie appeared to be begging Kenny for something, grabbing his forearm at one point, to which I imagine Kenny responded with a death glare darker than any Charlie had ever seen, and he let go. The desperate look on Charlie's face must've been too much for the mayor, because she quickly changed the subject of the letter after that.
Jeb was as surprised as the rest of us at this new evidence, but many people were tired of the crime by then, and the death of Kenny Kilbourne and Charlie Fontaine was barely a blip on the radar amongst the rumors about our newly installed mayor, and the fate of the old high school, with the paperwork now signed for a new one to be built less than a mile away. The old mayor's family moved away and apparently settled the divorce quietly (not quietly enough to escape our notice, of course), Jeb graduated from the university and is off doing the Peace Corps somewhere (and when asked about his two weeks MIA after the shootings, he said he simply "had to clear his head"), and Sandy is working for Charlie's (her) ma at the travel agency in the city. For most people, the irony of that last part has gone stale, but it still cracks me up a bit. Whatever happened to the story, though? The scandal? I'll tell you, the tides do change quickly in a small town. To most people, the case of Kenny and Charlie was neatly packaged from the start — the victim and murderer were both dead, and it never seemed like anyone else was involved in the killings. It struck people as strange that Charlie didn't cry out in fear or surprise when Kenny drew the gun, nor did he try to run or hide or draw his own weapon, but whatever the story was, there was no one among the living to worry about. When the people got tired of not getting answers, then got some sort of consolation in the ex-mayor's letter, everyone was ready to move on.
Me, I wonder if Charlie didn't ask for it, literally; for whatever reason, maybe out of shame, he'd wanted to off himself and couldn't do it. Just made sense for Kenny to be the one to do him in. Like cats and dogs, some people just seem wired to hate each other. But there are many answers to life's questions, and the mystery surrounding small-town scandals is no exception. Neither is the question of Great Uncle Thythik and his apparent failure at tax evasion. For all we know, the question is the answer, in the sense that it's all we're ever gonna get.
One thing's for sure: The uncertainty makes life a helluva lot more interesting.
Copyright © Cait Buxbaum, 2019
Tagged fiction, Fiction Friday, murder, mystery, short stories, suspense, writing
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Vote on your favorite sculpture created from recycled scrap metal from River Metals Recycling's Newport, Kentucky facility!
Check out the 2016 Greater Cincinnati Earth Day Celebration at Sawyer point and enjoy free admission, live music, petting farm, face painting, inflatables, a fire truck, food and lots of exhibits and displays. Be sure to visit The David J. Joseph Company's (DJJ) booth and vote on your favorite scrap sculpture!
–	For seven weeks area artists worked to create sculptures from scrap metal collected at River Metals Recycling's Newport, Kentucky facility. The five sculptures will be displayed during the Cincinnati Earth Day celebrations in front of the flag poles at Sawyer Point on Saturday, April 16 from 12-5pm. Judging will take place and prizes will be awarded for first, second, and third places. A People's Choice award will also be presented, so visit DJJ's booth to vote for your favorite! Winners will be announced at 4:45 at DJJ's Earth Day Booth!
Sculptures are available for purchase via online auction at www.eBay.com, searchable under Scrap Showdown. The auction began April 12 and ends just before noon on April 19, 2016. Proceeds from the auction will be split between the artist, DJJ's costs, and Taking Root, an earth-friendly charity.
River Metals Recycling (RMR) is the largest scrap recycler in Kentucky and in the greater Cincinnati area, with 9 locations in Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky and Ohio. RMR is headquartered in Crescent Springs, Kentucky and has nearly 250 employees. RMR's Newport, Kentucky recycling center was named Newport's Business of the year and buys ferrous scrap as well as common household nonferrous scrap metal items like aluminum cans as well as other aluminum, stainless steel, copper, and brass products. RMR is wholly owned by The David J. Joseph Company (DJJ).
DJJ, founded in 1885, is one of the largest scrap brokers/processors in the United States, providing scrap brokerage, recycling, and transportation services. Headquartered in Cincinnati, the company employs over 1,700 people. DJJ operates 15 domestic and international ferrous and nonferrous scrap brokerage offices, and trades ferro-alloys and specialty pig iron. The David J. Joseph Company is a wholly owned subsidiary of Nucor Corporation. Nucor and affiliates are manufacturers of steel products, with operating facilities primarily in the U.S. and Canada.


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A Beautiful French Village
Outrigger Canoes of Fiji
The Island of Lemnos
Greece – Scott #1187 (1976)
Today is another "random stamp" day, the second in a row. There may be a few more of these to come as the next firm date on my ASAD calendar is February 21 (dedication of the Washington Monument) and the next month or so looks fairly sparse as well. I spent much of this morning (finally) cataloguing a large number of Greek stamps that my sister brought back from a visit there a couple of years ago so I was on the lookout for something "interesting" to feature. While I am a big fan of Greek mythology, I knew I didn't want to pick something from that topic as it would involve much more "work" than I wanted to do on a lazy Sunday afternoon. I liked this stamp as soon as I saw it and decided Lemnos — a relatively laid-back island with a long history — would be the perfect place to focus today's article.
Lemnos (Λήμνος) is a Greek island in the northern part of the Aegean Sea (Αιγαίο Πέλαγο in Greek or Ege Denizi in Turkish). Administratively the island forms a separate municipality within the Lemnos regional unit, which is part of the North Aegean region. The principal town of the island and seat of the municipality is Myrina (Μύρινα). At 184,306 square miles (477.583 square kilometers), it is the eighth largest island of Greece.
Lemnos is mostly flat (hence its more than 30 sand beaches), but the west, and especially the northwest part, is rough and mountainous. The highest point is Mount Skopia at the altitude of 1,540 feet (470 meters). The chief towns are Myrina, on the western coast, and Moudros (Μούδρος) on the eastern shore of a large bay in the middle of the island. Myrina (also called Kastro, meaning "castle") possesses a good harbor, which is in the process of being upgraded through construction of a west-facing sea wall. It is the seat of all trade carried on with the mainland.
The hillsides afford pasture for sheep, and Lemnos has a strong husbandry tradition, being famous for its Kalathaki Limnou, a cheese made from sheep and goat milk and melipasto cheese, and for its yogurt. Fruit and vegetables that grow on the island include almonds, figs, melons, watermelons, tomatoes, pumpkins and olives. The main crops are wheat, barley, sesame; in fact Lemnos was Constantinople's granary during Byzantine times. Lemnos also produces honey (from thyme-fed bees), but, as is the case with most products of a local nature in Greece, the produced quantities are little more than simply sufficient for the local market. Muscat grapes are grown widely, and are used to produce an unusual table wine that is dry yet has a strong Muscat flavor. Since 1985 the variety and quality of Lemnos wines have increased greatly.
The climate in Lemnos is mainly Mediterranean. Winters are generally mild, but there will be occasional snowfall. Strong winds are a feature of the island, especially in August and in winter time, hence its nickname "the wind-ridden one" (in Greek, Ανεμόεσσα). The temperature is typically 2 to 5 degrees Celsius less than in Athens, especially in summertime.
Mythic Lemnos
For ancient Greeks, the island was sacred to Hephaestus, god of metallurgy, who — as he tells himself in Iliad I.590ff — fell on Lemnos when Zeus hurled him headlong out of Olympus. There, he was cared for by the Sinties, according to the Iliad, or by Thetis (Apollodorus, Bibliotheke I:3.5), and there with a Thracian nymph Cabiro (a daughter of Proteus) he fathered a tribe called the Kaberoi. Sacred initiatory rites dedicated to them were performed in the island.
Hephaestus' forge, which was located on Lemnos, as well as the name Aethaleia, sometimes applied to it, points to its volcanic character. It is said that fire occasionally blazed forth from Mosychlos, one of its mountains. The ancient geographer Pausanias relates that a small island called Chryse, off the Lemnian coast, was swallowed up by the sea. All volcanic action is now extinct.
The earliest inhabitants are said to have been a Thracian tribe, whom the Greeks called Sintians, "robbers". The name Lemnos is said by Hecataeus to have been applied in the form of a title to Cybele among the Thracians. The worship of Cybele was characteristic of Thrace, where it had spread from Asia Minor at a very early period. Hypsipyle and Myrina are Amazon names, which are always connected with Asiatic Cybele-worship.
According to the epitome of the Bibliotheke traditionally attributed to Apollodorus (Epitome I:9), when Dionysus found Ariadne abandoned on Naxos, he brought her to Lemnos and there fathered Thoas, Staphylus, Oenopion, and Peparethus. Pliny the Elder in his Natural History (xxxvi. 13) speaks of a remarkable labyrinth in Lemnos, which has not been identified in modern times.
According to a Hellenic legend, the women were all deserted by their husbands for Thracian women, and in revenge they murdered every man on the island. From this barbarous act, the expression Lemnian deeds became proverbial among the Hellenes. According to Apollonius of Rhodes' Argonautica the Argonauts landing soon after found only women in the island, ruled by Hypsipyle, daughter of the old king Thoas. From the Argonauts and the Lemnian women were descended the race called Minyans, whose king Euneus, son of Jason and Hypsipyle, sent wine and provisions to the Achaeans at Troy. According to later Greek historians, the Minyans were expelled by a Pelasgian tribe who came from Attica.
The historical element underlying these traditions is probably that the original Thracian people were gradually brought into communication with the Greeks as navigation began to unite the scattered islands of the Aegean; the Thracian inhabitants were technologically primitive in comparison with the Greek mariners.
Philoctetes in Lemnos. Oil on canvas, 1822
In another legend, Philoctetes was left on Lemnos by the Greeks on their way to Troy; and there he suffered ten years' agony from his wounded foot, until Odysseus and Neoptolemus induced him to accompany them to Troy. According to Sophocles, he lived beside Mount Hermaeus, which Aeschylus makes one of the beacon points to flash the news of Troy's downfall home to Argos.
PREHISTORY ON LEMNOS
The ruins of the oldest human settlement in the Aegean Islands found so far have been unearthed in archaeological excavations on Lemnos by a team of Greek, Italian and American archaeologists at the Ouriakos site on the Louri coast of Fyssini in Moudros municipality. The excavation began in early June 2009 and the finds brought to light, consisting mainly of high quality stone tools, are from the Epipaleolithic Period, indicating a settlement of hunters and gatherers and fishermen of the 12th millennium BC.
Building at the hill of Poliochne (Поліохні), dating from the Early Bronze Age. Photo taken on June 17, 2008.
A rectangular building with a double row of stepped seats on the long sides, at the southwest side of the hill of Poliochne (Поліохні), dates back to the Early Bronze Age and was possibly used as a kind of Bouleuterion.
In August and September 1926, members of the Italian School of Archaeology at Athens conducted trial excavations on the island. The overall purpose of the excavations was to shed light on the island's "Etrusco-Pelasgian" civilization. The excavations were conducted on the site of the city of Hephaistia (i.e., Palaiopolis) where the Pelasgians, according to Herodotus, surrendered to Miltiades of Athens. There, a necropolis (ca. 9th–8th centuries BC) was discovered, revealing bronze objects, pots, and over 130 ossuaries. The ossuaries contained distinctly male and female funeral ornaments. Male ossuaries contained knives and axes whereas female ossuaries contained earrings, bronze pins, necklaces, gold-diadems, and bracelets. The decorations on some of the gold objects contained spirals of Mycenaean origin, but had no Geometric forms. According to their ornamentation, the pots discovered at the site were from the Geometric period. However, the pots also preserved spirals indicative of Mycenaean art.
The results of the excavations indicate that the Early Iron Age inhabitants of Lemnos could be a remnant of a Mycenaean population and, in addition, the earliest attested reference to Lemnos is the Mycenaean Greek ra-mi-ni-ja, "Lemnian woman", written in Linear B syllabic script. Professor Della Seta reports:
The lack of weapons of bronze, the abundance of weapons of iron, and the type of the pots and the pins gives the impression that the necropolis belongs to the ninth or eighth century B.C. That it did not belong to a Greek population, but to a population which, in the eyes of the Hellenes, appeared barbarous, is shown by the weapons. The Greek weapon, dagger or spear, is lacking: the weapons of the barbarians, the axe and the knife, are common. Since, however, this population … preserves so many elements of Mycenaean art, the Tyrrhenians or Pelasgians of Lemnos may be recognized as a remnant of a Mycenaean population.
Ancient theatre in Hephaistia (Ἡφαιστία). Photo taken on June 11, 2007.
Lemnos in Antiquity
Homer speaks as if there were one town in the island called Lemnos. In Classical times there were two towns, Myrina (also called Kastro) and Hephaistia (Ἡφαιστία) which was the chief town. Coins from Hephaestia are found in considerable number, and various types including the goddess Athena with her owl, native religious symbols, the caps of the Dioscuri, Apollo, etc. Few coins of Myrina are known. They belong to the period of Attic occupation, and bear Athenian types. A few coins are also known which bear the name of the whole island, rather than of either city.
A trace of the Lemnian language is found on a sixth century inscription on a funerary stele, the Lemnos stele. Lemnos later adopted the Attic dialect of Athens.
Coming down to a better authenticated period, it is reported that Lemnos was conquered by Otanes, a general of Darius Hystaspis. In 510 BC, it was reconquered by Miltiades the Younger, the tyrant of the Thracian Chersonese. Miltiades later returned to Athens and Lemnos was an Athenian possession until the Macedonian empire absorbed it. By 450 BC, Lemnos was an Athenian cleruchy. The Athenian settlers brought with them Athenian drama, dated to at least 348 BC. However, the tradition of theater seems to date back to the fifth century, and recent excavations at the site Hephaisteia suggest that the theater dated to the late 6th to early 5th century.
In 197 BC, the Romans declared it free, but in 166 BC gave it over to Athens which retained nominal possession of it until the whole of Greece was made a province of the Roman Republic in 146 BC. After the division of the Roman Empire in 395, Lemnos passed to the Byzantine Empire.
Myrina castle view from Romeikos Gialos. Photo taken on March 8, 2008.
LEMNOS IN THE mIDDLE aGES
As a province of the Byzantine Empire, Lemnos belonged to the theme of the Aegean Sea, and was a target of Saracen raids in the 10th century and of Seljuk raids in the 11th century. Following the dissolution and division of the Empire after the Fourth Crusade, Lemnos (known by Westerners as Stalimene) was apportioned to the Latin Empire, and given as a fief to the Navigajoso family under the Venetian (or possibly of mixed Greek and Venetian descent) megadux Filocalo Navigajoso. Filocalo died in 1214, and was succeeded by his son Leonardo and his daughters, who partitioned the island into three fiefs between them. Leonardo retained the title of megadux of the Latin Empire and half the island with the capital, Kastro, while his sisters and their husbands received one quarter each with the fortresses of Moudros and Kotsinos. Leonardo died in 1260 and was succeeded by his son Paolo Navigajoso, who resisted Byzantine attempts at reconquest until his death during a siege of the island by the Byzantine admiral Licario in 1277. Resistance continued by his wife, but in 1278 the Navigajosi were forced to capitulate and cede the island back to Byzantium.
During the last centuries of Byzantium, Lemnos played a prominent role: following the loss of Asia Minor, it was a major source of food, and it played an important role in the recurring civil wars of the 14th century. As the Ottoman threat mounted in the 15th century, possession of Lemnos was demanded by Alfonso V of Aragon in exchange for offering assistance to the beleaguered Byzantines, while the last Byzantine emperor, Constantine XI Palaiologos, offered it to the Genoese captain Giustiniani Longo, if the Ottoman besiegers were driven off. Dorino I Gattilusio, the ruler of Lesbos, also acquired Lemnos as his fief shortly before the Fall of Constantinople in 1453.
The tower of the medieval fortress in Skala village on Lemnos. Photo taken on May 14, 2007.
Lemnos during the Ottoman Period
Following the Fall of Constantinople, and thanks to the intercession of Michael Critobulus, the Dorino I Gattilusio's possession of Lemnos (and Thasos) was recognized by Sultan Mehmed II, in exchange for an annual tribute of 2,325 gold coins. When Dorino died in 1455, his son and successor Domenico was only granted for Lemnos, however. In 1456, Mehmed II attacked and captured the Gattilusi domains in Thrace (Ainos and the islands of Samothrace and Imbros). During the subsequent negotiations with Domenico Gattilusio, the Greek populace of Lemnos rose up against Domenico's younger brother Niccolò Gattilusio, and submitted themselves to the Sultan, who appointed a certain Hamza Bey as governor under the Bey of Gallipoli, Isma'il. Mehmed granted a special legal charter to Lemnos, Imbros, and Thasos, at this time, later revised by Selim I in 1519. In 1457, the island was captured by a Papal fleet under Cardinal Ludovico Scarampi Mezzarota. Pope Callixtus III hoped to establish a new military order on the island, which controlled the exit of the Dardanelles, but nothing came of it as Isma'il Bey soon recovered Lemnos for the Sultan.
In 1464, during the First Ottoman–Venetian War, Lemnos and other former Gattilusi possessions were seized by the Venetians, but were returned to the Ottomans by the 1479 Treaty of Constantinople. In the aftermath, the Kapudan Pasha, Gedik Ahmed, repaired the island's fortifications and brought in settlers from Anatolia. At this time, the administration of the island was also reformed and brought in line with Ottoman practice, with a governor (voevoda), judge (kadi), and elders (kodjabashis) heading the local Greek inhabitants. In the late 16th century, Lemnos is recorded, along with Chios, as "the only prosperous island of the Archipelago". It had 74 villages, of which three were inhabited by Turkish Muslims.
In July 1656, during the Fifth Ottoman–Venetian War, the Venetians captured the island again following a major victory over the Ottoman fleet. The Ottomans under Topal Mehmed Pasha recovered it barely a year later, on November 15, 1657, after besieging the capital of Kastro for 63 days. In 1770, Kastro was besieged again for 60 days by Count Orlov during the Russo-Turkish War of 1768–1774. The fortress had just surrendered when an attack by the Ottoman fleet on the Russian vessels in Mudros Bay forced the Russians to withdraw on October 24, 1770. The famous Sufi poet Niyazi Misri was exiled here for several years during the late 17th century.
Under Ottoman rule, Lemnos initially belonged to the sanjaks of Gallipoli or Mytilene under the Eyalet of the Archipelago, but was constituted as a separate sanjak in the reforms of the mid-19th century, at the latest by 1846. Abolished in 1867, it was re-formed in 1879 and existed until the island's capture by the Greeks in 1912. It comprised the islands of Lemnos (Limni in Turkish), Agios Efstratios (Bozbada), Imbros (Imroz) and Tenedos (Bozcaada). The French scholar Vital Cuinet, in his 1896 work La Turquie d'Asie, recorded a population of 27,079, of which 2,450 were Muslims and the rest Greek Orthodox.
View of Moudros during the Dardanelles Campaign, better known as the Gallipoli Campaign that took place between February 17, 1915, and January 9 1916 , with a French military wine store in the foreground and a hospital in the background.
LEMNOS IN THE mODERN eRA
Greece's borders were greatly expanded by the Balkan Wars of 1912–1913 as it occupied Macedonia including the city of Thessaloniki, parts of Epirus and Thrace and various Aegean islands, as well as formally annexing Crete. On October 8, 1912, during the First Balkan War, Lemnos became part of Greece. The Greek navy under Rear Admiral Pavlos Kountouriotis took it over without any casualties from the occupying Turkish Ottoman garrison, who were returned to Anatolia. Peter Charanis, born on the island in 1908 and later a professor of Byzantine history at Rutgers University recounts when the island was occupied and Greek soldiers were sent to the villages and stationed themselves in the public squares. Some of the children ran to see what Greek soldiers looked like. ''What are you looking at?'' one of them asked. ''At Hellenes,'' the children replied. ''Are you not Hellenes yourselves?'' a soldier retorted. ''No, we are Romans." "Romioi", literally Romans, where named by the Ottoman authorities the Greek Orthodox population of the empire.
Until the so-called "New Territories" were formally incorporated into Greece, they were not permitted to use regular Greek stamps. In order to cover postal needs on Lemnos, the Greek government overprinted a series of Greek definitives with ΛΗΜΝΟΣ (Lemnos) and are included with other Greek occupied issues in the Scott catalogue (Scott #N16-N52). These overprints, in three different colors (black, red and carmine), were applied to the 1911 "Engraved" definitives, the 20 lepta Flying Mercury stamp, the 1902 postage due stamps and some of the 1913 "Lithographic" definitives. This issue went through several printings, initially by Aspiotis Bros. and later by the Aquarone printing house of Thessaloniki. One stamp was issued in 1913 with the additional overprint ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗ ΔΙΟIΚΗΣΙΣ (Hellenic Administration), which was the same overprint used in the New Territories (Scott #N52A). The stamps were used in 1912 and 1913, until regular Greek issues were authorized for use.
Moudros Bay became a forward anchorage for the Greek fleet, which enabled it to keep watch on the Dardanelles and prevent a foray by the Ottoman Navy into the Aegean. The Ottomans' two attempts to achieve this were beaten back in the battles of Elli and Lemnos. Thus the Ottomans were prevented from supplying and reinforcing their land forces in Macedonia by sea, a critical factor in the success of the Balkan League in the war.
During World War I, the Allies in early 1915 used the island to try to capture the Dardanelles Straits, some 31 miles (50 kilometers) away. This was done chiefly by the British and largely through the enthusiasm of Winston Churchill. The harbor at Moudros was put under the control of British Admiral Rosslyn Wemyss, who was ordered to prepare the then largely unused harbor for operations against the Dardanelles.
The harbor was broad enough for British and French warships, but lacked suitable military facilities, which was recognized early on. Troops intended for Gallipoli had to train in Egypt; and the port found it difficult to cope with casualties of the ill-starred Gallipoli campaign. The campaign was called off in evident failure at the close of 1915. Moudros' importance receded, although it remained the Allied base for the blockade of the Dardanelles during the war.
The town of Lemnos, Victoria, Australia, established in 1927 as a soldier settlement zone for returning First World War soldiers, was named after the island. There are three Commonwealth War Graves Commission (CWGC) cemeteries on the island, the first one for the 352 Allied soldiers in Portianou, the second one for the 148 Australian and 76 New Zealander soldiers in the town of Moudros and the third one for the Ottoman soldiers (170 Egyptian and 56 Turkish soldiers).
In late October 1918, the armistice between the Ottoman Empire and the Allies was signed at Moudros.
After the Red Army victory in the Russian Civil War, many Kuban Cossacks fled the country to avoid persecution from the Bolsheviks. A notable evacuation point was the Greek island of Lemnos where 18,000 Kuban Cossacks landed, though many later died of starvation and disease. Most left the island after a year.
View from Myrina's port. Photo taken on April 26, 2012.
Today the island of Lemnos (Limnos) has about 30 villages and settlements. The province includes the island of Agios Efstratios to the southwest which has some exceptional beaches and one of the two deserts in Europe (the other being Błędów Desert in Poland).
On July 26, 1976, the Greek postal authorities released a set of four lithographic stamps promoting Greek islands in the Aegean Sea (Scott #1187-1190). The 30-drachma stamp portraying the port of Myrina on Lemnos is the only vertically-oriented design in this issue and is perforated 13½x14. The other three stamps — 50 drachmas Lesbos, 75 drachmas Chios and 100 drachmas Samos — are oriented horizontally and perforated 14×13½. I think a nice touch in the design is the addition of a small map of each island.
Lemnos
random stamp day
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In this instalment we shall outline a 3-bet or fold strategy from the SB in the early stages of a Spin & Go before looking at how to handle 3-bet pots where there is very little money remaining in the stacks compared to the size of the pot.
Firstly, a couple of words on flat calling in this spot - avoid it. There are three main problems with building a flat calling range into your game from the SB.
The pot odds do not justify making investments from out of position with very many hands. Hands that are profitable calls are likely better 3-bets any way.
Not closing the action is destructive to the EV of calling. The times the BB 3-bets small or shoves will annihilate any profits we make the times we are allowed to see the flop.
We are incentivised to 3-bet premium hands for value and build the pot while we have a big equity advantage. This would mean any calling range that we chose to build would be a capped one, which would be very easy for BB to attack. Hitting a reasonable defence frequency to 3-bets therefore becomes impossible.
Once again, the hands with which we make a small value 3-bet are those that want to encourage action due to flopping powerfully. With the blinds at 10 and 20, BU raises to 40 and we make it 100. This 3-bet size prevents Villain from calling the worst hands in his opening range (note that a size of 80 would allow him to call too profitably), while at the same time allowing us to fold to a jam if we happen to hold our 3-bet small bluff range.
The hands which 3-bet small as a bluff and then fold to a jam lie just outside of our shoving range. They will have either useful blockers (EG. A8o) or they will have a bit of playability in case Villain calls the 3-bet (EG. T8s). The idea here is that these holdings will not have enough equity to make profitable shoves against well-constructed BU strategies and so are the best of the rest. For this reason, they go into the range that seeks out pre-flop fold equity at minimal cost.
Finally, some of our shoving hands are combinations that are high equity, but less flop-friendly such as AKo. Other shoving hands are semi-bluffs and make profitable jams due to a combination of fold equity and having enough equity to compensate us the times we get called. Of course, hands like A3s and 98s are hoping to get a fold, but they are chosen based on the fact that they have some equity to fall back on if unlucky enough to be called.
On the flop, after BU calls our small 3-bet, we will have built the pot to 200 and the effective stack will be just 400, assuming that it is the very beginning of the Spin & Go. This small stack to pot ratio offers us an array of interesting exploitative choices. We shall discuss a game theory approach to these spots against solid regs and also a more exploitative game-plan to use against weaker players. We should note that the latter are by far the most common player type that we shall be encountering and so our default game will be an exploitative one.
Let's take a dry harmless flop of 774r to start with. This is a board that largely misses both ranges. I advise my students to imagine it like a pane of clear glass that does not distort the pre-flop situation. These benign flops mean that any range advantage that existed pre-flop still exists to the same degree. We as the 3-bettor, have a mass of strong hands that our opponent cannot hold. Moreover, because we sized so small pre-flop, we tailored our range to contain quite a high concentration of value hands compared with bluffs. This gives us a very clear and decisive range advantage on this flop.
When you have a large range advantage, it is usually correct to c-bet with all of your range. There is nothing that Villain can do about it because our range is naturally stronger than his. We shall not be folding often enough to a shove to make bluff jamming a good idea for Villain, and so, even though we have bet every combination with which we got to the flop, we are still balanced and protected. As for sizing, we should choose a size that sets up a turn shove. With the effective stacks only being 2x the pot, there is no room for putting the money in over three streets. The GTO here is to bet all of our range for around half of the pot, but in reality, we can usually do better by splitting up our range in a more exploitative way.
Hands like AA and KK are heavily incentivised to check. This slow-play is completely justified on a dry board with an invulnerable hand given that we only need two streets of betting to get the money in. This way we can extract money from both Villain's weaker made-hands (either now if he bets or by betting the turn if he checks), but by checking we allow Villain to make investments as a bluff with hands he might simply fold to a half pot c-bet. By checking these monstrous hands, we are widening the part of Villain's range that can pay us off.
TT-QQ are fine to bet with as they gain protection by folding out overcards. In other words, these pairs are more vulnerable and have more to gain by ending the hand now when they are ahead. Again though, we should weigh up the chances of Villain bluffing the flop if checked to and still be inclined to check these pairs vs. aggressive opponents.
With a hand like ATs-AKs, bluff catching makes a lot more sense than betting. By betting we are only usually folding out worse hands and we often dominate many of these. AKs is semi-vulnerable, but nowhere near as much as something like 66, which hates far more turn cards. It is perfectly reasonable to check/call these hands on this low board.
When we have air in this spot, such as Q8s, we can bluff for half pot and fold to a shove. We should expect this bet to work more often than it should due to Villain's range being capped and the board texture not giving him any real help. Players will fold too much to a c-bet here and so having a mainly bluff heavy betting range is a solid exploit. Against very passive players, we might elect to check/fold these hands because, by checking, we glean free information as to whether Villain has connected with the flop, without having to waste a bet the times he has. Face-up passive players are very profitable to play against due to how predictably they construct their betting ranges.
Now that we have covered the last early game pre-flop spot on the list, and got our feet wet with post-flop, it is time to move onto some post-flop Spin & Go situations with slightly deeper stacks – namely, single raised pots.
What Spin & Go strategy questions have you?
Leave them below in a comment and we'll help you answer them.


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text:
Les Transports Roger Renaud sont, comme leur nom l'indique, une entreprise spécialisée dans les transports routiers de fret interurbains dont le siège social est établi à Pons.

Cette importante PME « figure aujourd'hui parmi les 15 plus grosses entreprises françaises de transports frigorifiques, mais si l'on exclut de ce classement les sociétés qui se sont également spécialisées dans la logistique, le transporteur charentais se trouve encore mieux placé dans le peloton de tête ».

C'est aujourd'hui une dynamique PME qui gère un groupe régional  rayonnant dans tout le Centre-Ouest et le Sud-Ouest de la France, employant à ce jour plus de 530 personnes.

Spécialisée dans les transports frigorifiques longue distance et à l'étranger, les Transports Renaud possèdent une flotte de 315 véhicules industriels parcourant  chaque jour.

L'entreprise a été rachetée par le breton STG en 2011.

Historique sommaire

En 1951, l'entreprise commence réellement son activité de transporteur routier à la suite d'une grève ferroviaire de la SNCF qui paralyse cette année-là l'économie nationale. Avec la mise au point d'un frigo qu'il fait breveter, le transporteur pontois prend rapidement de l'essor dans le domaine du transport frigorifique et emploie dès 1964 20 personnes.

En 1975 et, ce, malgré la crise économique, cette société prospère et emploie alors 35 personnes à Pons mais elle demeure encore une modeste entreprise de dimension familiale.

Au seuil des années 1980, et stimulée par la toute nouvelle desserte autoroutière de l'Al0, la société Renaud Frères a étendu son réseau de transport frigorifique en créant une première filiale à Pau, puis à Nantes et à Toulouse où, dans ces deux dernières villes, elle a racheté deux importantes sociétés. L'extension de cette PME lui a permis de dominer tout le Centre-Ouest et le Sud-Ouest de la France et de se créer un vaste réseau de Nantes aux Pyrénées et de l'Atlantique jusqu'au Limousin.

Le groupe emploie aujourd'hui 260 personnes sur le site du siège social de Pons et plus de 270 dans ses différentes filiales, toutes situées en France.

Depuis ses origines somme toute modestes, cet établissement a développé par la suite ses entrepôts et ses garages et, en 1993, a regroupé son site de services au sud de la ville, au lieu-dit Goutrolles, près de la RD137 (ex RN 137).

Cette grosse société de transport est devenue le premier employeur de Pons avec 260 emplois aujourd'hui.

Leader régional du transport frigorifique

Cette entreprise qui « travaille 24 heures sur 24, 365 sur 365 » est devenue la plus grosse entreprise de transport en Charente-Maritime et le leader régional dans sa spécialité.

Disposant d'une flotte impressionnante de 315 véhicules lourds, transportant  de fret tous les jours, depuis son siège de Pons et de ses trois importantes filiales de Nantes, Pau et Toulouse, les chauffeurs routiers parcourent  par jour pour livrer les différents points situés aux quatre coins de l'hexagone!.

Le beurre et le fromage de Poitou-Charentes représentent la part la plus importante des produits frais que l'entreprise livre quotidiennement sous température dirigée (autour de ).

Les groupes Eurial et Bongrain figurent parmi les plus gros clients de l'entreprise.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Entreprise ayant son siège en Charente-Maritime
Entreprise fondée en 1951
Entreprise de logistique ayant son siège en France

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Birds of Barrington, Birds of Barrington Illinois, Causes & Giving, Citizens for Conservation, Contributors, Nature & Wildlife, Things to Do, Wendy Paulson, Wildlife
311. Wendy Paulson's Birds of Barrington | Pied-billed Grebe
Home Newsroom 311. Wendy Paulson's Birds of Barrington | Pied-billed Grebe
October brings to local ponds, lakes, and rivers large numbers of waterfowl, most of which have bred in northern wetlands and are stopping to fuel up for journeys farther south. Among the many species of ducks that frequent our bodies of freshwater, there often appears the pied-billed grebe (Podilymbus podiceps). Though it superficially resembles a duck, the grebe, in fact, is not one. It belongs to a family of its own, a group of swimming and diving birds whose feet don't have webs but rather lobes that look like little paddles.
The pied-billed grebe is small and compact, with a largish head and almost no tail. It's hard to avoid "cute" as a descriptor of the bird. Constantly in search of aquatic invertebrates, crustaceans, frogs, and vegetation for sustenance, it often spends more time underwater than on the surface. For the birder straining to get a good look, the grebe seems to be playing a perpetual game of peek-a-boo. Once it pops into view, especially through a telescope, it usually elicits an exclamation of delight from the observer. It can be hard work to get a good look at a pied-billed grebe!
As for field marks, the bill described in its name is the definitive one. It looks as if someone drew a thick line around the short, stout bill – a bit like a bill with lipstick. "Pied" means "of two colors" and refers to the black line and silvery color of the bird's beak. Males and females look essentially alike. The babies are ULTRA-cute with their fluffy, pied head and neck plumage of black and white. As with the young of other grebe species, they frequently hitch a ride on the back of their mother.
Two interesting features that lend further intrigue to the pied-billed grebe are its ability to sink ever-so-slowly from the surface, in alligator or submarine fashion, until it has disappeared from view, and its tendency to eat its own feathers. The former behavior has earned it the epithets of water-witch and devil-diver. The latter habit apparently is a means of straining out indigestible body parts of small animals the grebe has eaten; the feathers serve as a sort of internal sieve that rejects them from entering the intestine and helps form them into pellets that the bird can regurgitate.
I used to think that pied-billed grebes did not nest in the Barrington area. But I was wrong. They are shy birds and can be hard to find, but they have bred uncommonly in sheltered wetlands in our area for years. It has been only recently that I have become aware of them as a local breeding species, especially in the marshes of Cook County's Spring Creek Forest Preserve whose quality has improved under intensive restoration efforts. The nests are small floating platforms, usually well hidden in emergent vegetation. This past spring and summer, every time I visited the Headwaters section of the preserve, north of Route 72, I heard the vocalization of pied-billed grebes that signaled breeding territory.
I only learned the sound several years ago when I was leading a walk at Headwaters. Strong notes rang out that reminded me of those of a cuckoo, yet they weren't. And at the edge of a large wetland well vegetated with aquatic plants, I knew the calls must come from some sort of waterbird. I was stumped until a friend later was describing to me the quality of a grebe's vocalization and compared it to a cuckoo's. Since then I listen for the notes every time I wander in or near local marshes of good quality.
This time of year is an opportune time to see pied-billed grebes at Baker's Lake or the lakes in North Barrington or any body of still water that has vegetation where the grebes can hide. Often there will be several, or even a large number, diving underwater, popping to the surface for several seconds or more, then disappearing once again. They tend not to linger much beyond late October or November. That's when their distant cousins, the horned grebes, fly into town. But that's another story.
Wendy Paulson has lived in Barrington Hills since 1975, and has led bird walks in the area for many years. She re-established the Nature Lady program in the Barrington 220 school district and St. Anne's in the late 70s, under the auspices of The Garden Club and Little Garden Club of Barrington. Wendy developed the education program for Citizens for Conservation, initiated and edited its newsletter, and has been an active volunteer with CFC for over 30 years.
During interludes in New York City and Washington, DC, Wendy taught classes about birds in the public schools and is helping to develop a similar program in Chicago public schools with Openlands. She is chairman of The Bobolink Foundation, serves on the board or advisory committee of multiple conservation and bird-related organizations, both domestic and international, and is former chairman of IL and NY chapters of The Nature Conservancy.
Wendy and her husband Hank have two grown children and are avid hikers, cyclists, and kayakers.
Do you have any questions for Wendy about birds you've spotted in the Barrington area? If so, Just ask Wendy via the comments box below.
CLICK HERE to explore all of the local bird profiles Wendy has authored in our monthly Birds of Barrington series at 365Barrington.com.
Kildeer
Yellow Bellied Sapsucker
The White-breasted Nuthatch
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text:
Spartan Newsroom (https://news.jrn.msu.edu/2022/02/with-no-people-around-it-can-be-lonely-inside-animal-shelters/)
With no people around, it can be lonely inside animal shelters
By Madison Norfleet | February 6, 2022
Madison Norfleet
Inside the animal shelter, a lack of visitors on snow days can confuse the animals, especially the cats, which see more people than the dogs.
With many businesses closed due to the snowstorm on Wednesday, the Ingham County Animal Control & Shelter was no exception. The shelter was not open to the public for all of Wednesday. The animals were inside the shelter not knowing what was happening in the outside world.
"When I think about it I just get really sad. They don't understand why they're alone, and I can only imagine how lonely it can get for shelter animals" said Norene Bassin, owner of four animals.
The Ingham County Animal Control & Shelter has cats by the lobby for anyone to walk in and see. However, the dogs are kept in a back area not accessible to the public. Julie Hill, community outreach manager for the Ingham County Animal Control & Shelter, explained that they are a fear-free shelter. They want to lower the amount of stress for the dogs by not having constant traffic in and out of their kennels.
By keeping the dogs in a back area away from the public they may have not been affected by the lack of visitors. The cats, on the other hand, usually get a good amount of visitors, meaning a lack of traffic could cause them to feel lonely.
Reese Corey, owner of one animal, said, "I've honestly never thought of it but considering that most have been abandoned at one point or another, they must be so scared and depressed."
Shelter employees stated said the dogs are taken on walks every day and that employees will interact with the cats. They never want the animals to feel neglected or alone.
The snowstorm brought up many questions about the condition of the animals. If the shelter wasn't open to the public were employees still going in? Were the animals still getting the love and care they needed?
Corey felt concerned about the animals' well being during a major snowstorm. "My feelings lean towards pity but I also have thoughts of how are they getting fed, given medicine, etc."
Hill said that no matter what the weather looks like, "We still have animal care staff come in … they take them out, feed them."
The animals are their top priority, and they will make sure that they are loved and healthy. Hill said employees worked in overlapping shifts to make sure the animals were never alone.
Major weather events can be stressful times for pets causing them to run out, and neglectful owners might leave pets to perish in the conditions. According to the shelter's website the county has six full-time animal control officers to protect citizens and animals. These officers will enforce laws against animal cruelty and search for runaway dogs or livestock.
Hill sad, "our officers were responding to emergencies till about 3 p.m., and after that they were moved over to the next day."
If you're looking to adopt an animal or to foster, visit the Ingham County Animal Control & Shelter website.
About Madison Norfleet
Madison Norfleet was raised in Denver, Colorado. She came to Michigan State University 2019 to pursue a degree in journalism. Her interests include photography and environmental issues. Her work has appeared in the Spartan Newsroom and The State News.
More by Madison
Remote work popular 3 years after COVID-19 forced workers online
In 2020, workplaces across the country went online after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Employees were patched together by networks of phone calls, texts, virtual meetings and online messaging. More than two and a half years later, remote work remains a staple of the modern workplace. What began as a necessity has slowly become a popular choice — one that some still favor over in-person work.
According to the Pew Research Center, 61% of U.S. workers work from home because they prefer it, not because their workplace is closed. This data was taken from a sample of nearly 6,000 Americans, and this trend is reflected in Ingham County.


RONJ-BLOG: [did you know?] Zapote, the fruit.
Today, I attended Japanese language lessons and we were in a conversation about favorite fruits. One of the Indian students asked me if I know the fruit called sapota. I told him, no, of course, and that I don't think there's any word in English like so. I tried to think that there might be a word very similar to sapota which could explain what it is. But when I looked up both Japanese and English dictionaries I had, there was no word like sapota. The closest I saw was probably the word sapodilla, which is basically like a Spanish word.
I finally was able to google sapota. It turns out, it is the Tamil (South Indian) word for the Filipino word, chico. Yes, the fruit. It turns out the Hindi word for it is chiku. If the Indian guy had asked me if I knew what is chiku, maybe I would've been able to guess what it was earlier.
It turns out that chico originated from Mexico and Central America, where they might also call it chicozapote. In other Spanish-speaking countries in Central America, they call it zapote. And there you go.
Obviously it was only introduced in the Indian and Southeast Asian sub-continent. As for me, it has been a very long while since I last tasted chico. Not something I really like to do, though. But from what I remember, it's quite a tasty fruit. As I mentioned, it is also known as sapodilla, at least maybe around the US. For more info, check out the Wikipedia article about this.


Planned Giving options are coming soon. There plenty of ways individuals and corporate entities can stay connected with the museum's mission. Contact us for specific options, or propose a gift that fits your plans.


Money and time are classified as the 2 most valuable assets for just about any commercial enterprise. RPA can be used to preserve both. This RPA helps you to save time on internal actions, like having new employees, supplying internal files among employees, and also the resolution of IT-related issues. Automation also signifies a particular standard of information simplification, which will helps reduce and increases connections with clients, workflow for staff, and efficiency of devices. With this effective time economy comes efficient time management – now your business has much more time pertaining to internal development, increasing professional abilities of workers, and grinding its primary domains proficiency.
Employees can proficiently look into more crucial assignments. This is certainly, once again, thanks to the time-saving characteristic provided by Remote Process Automation. Devoting their time to actions which have been more beneficial for the business enterprise, employees can be more engaged in their task. What's crucial, now the fact that intellects of your own office personnel are separated from labourious and time consuming projects, is that that they have some space for suggestions. Those superb concepts will be the shifting drive for your company, and you may not ought to overlook that.
Office personnel doing manual duplication of documents in different systems often encounter weariness; they could tend to forget items and enable a specific degree of carelessness and mistakes. In some cases these human errors can end up to be tragic for business enterprise. This is time when process automation comes to the recovery, not merely mainly because it excludes the possibility of errors, but even mainly because it will not alter the data unecessarily. RPA delivers a reliable and specific process implementing one pattern to finish related tasks.


Poland based Viadrina aka Konrad Slazyk and Mateusz Kazula had a crushing impact with their debut release, the "Better EP" earlier this year on Pets Recordings. The duo is out with their latest work, "Popsong"/"Tomorrow". The Adana Twins stay true to the track title, upping the "Pop" ante with their driving electro bassline.


text:
> Photos of the interview
> The interview
> Youth and education
> Economist at the Bank of Italy (1967–1970) and at the International Monetary Fund (1970–1975)
> Assigned to the Research Department, Head of the Office for International Monetary and Financial Issues (1975–1984) and Head of the Foreign Department (1984–1997) at the Bank of Italy
> The Delors Committee and the Delors Report
> The introduction of the euro in Italy
> The euro zone crises
> Italian Minister for Economic Affairs and Finance (2013–2014)
> Conclusions
> Transcritption of the interview
Interview with Fabrizio Saccomanni (Rome, 19 April 2016) — Excerpt: His participation in the government led by Enrico Letta
In this interview excerpt, Fabrizio Saccomanni, a Member of the Governing Board and Senior Deputy Governor of the Bank of Italy from 2006 to 2013 and Italian Minister for Economic Affairs and Finance from 2013 to 2014, describes the circumstances in which he came to be a member of the Italian government led by Enrico Letta from April 2013 to February 2014.
Interview with Fabrizio Saccomanni (Rome, 19 April 2016) — Excerpt: The challenges of banking union within Economic and Monetary Union
In this interview excerpt, Fabrizio Saccomanni, a Member of the Governing Board and Senior Deputy Governor of the Bank of Italy from 2006 to 2013 and Italian Minister for Economic Affairs and Finance from 2013 to 2014, describes the difficulties associated with the establishment of a banking union within the European Union.


text:
Victoria Wong
Grab x JustCo: sharing big dreams and beautiful spaces
Celebrate your wins, no matter how big or small it may seem.
Here at JustCo, we live by this and work hard to bring our visions to life. Last Friday we shared our space with the #GrabFam to do just that.
With Grab dominating the ride-hailing market and rolling out irresistible rewards for their users, it was truly a match made in South-East Asian heaven.
During the event, we were introduced to a concept called Moonshot Thinking, which simply means 'an ambitious project undertaken without any expectations of near-term profitability and without a full investigation of potential risks and benefits'. With incredible moonshots in the works today from huge companies such as Tesla and Google, the Grab team found themselves inspired to do better. With social moonshots, it was a tighter focus and eventually played a key role in their success today, keeping the team on their feet day in, day out.
"What are the problems we need to solve, which have a huge community impact?" Mr Dileep Kannan, Regional Manager, Grab for Business asks the audience. After a pause, he smiles and says:
It was about improving the lives of their drivers and their customers.
In Malaysia, where safety is a growing concern, Grab came up with the solution of installing an emergency button on the app should the rider feel unsafe. This alerts the respective authorities, in this case, the Malaysia Emergency Response Service (MERS 999).
We feel fortunate to live in an era where technology is at our fingertips, and priorities focus on improving the safety of the consumers. We no longer shoot for the stars; we aim for the moon.
As our very own Head of Sales, Brandon Chia, sprang forth to share JustCo's expansion plans in various cities to increase accessibility, we clinked glasses to our larger-than-life dreams and felt nothing but gratitude in our hearts.
The evening closed on a high note with amazing goodie bags given to our guests as they departed, and the icing on the cake was a $10 promo code to help them reach home safe and sound!
Thank Grab it's Friday!
Written by Victoria Wong
Community Executive
The hype is real: Bitcoin and the future of blockchain
JustCo had the pleasure of bringing together four insightful panelists to go beyond the hype of cryptocurrencies and dive deeper into the realm of blockchain technology. Participants not only gained valuable insights from industry experts, they also got to mingle […]...
Verizon Innovation Community launch
What a time to be alive! ? We are so proud to announce the opening of the Verizon Innovation Community managed by JustCo! As Singapore's largest co-working space provider and masters of our craft, nothing makes us happier than the [...]...


text:
Q: FutureBuilder block null issue error: The body might complete normally, causing 'null' to be returned, but the return type is a potentially non-nullable type.
Try adding either a return or a throw statement at the end.
I am getting this error for FutureBuilder line and I could not find how to fix it. The problem is I cannot get it the problem here.
Any help would be really appreciated
Widget build(BuildContext context) => Scaffold(
        body: FutureBuilder<Article>(
          future: _futureArticle,
          builder: (BuildContext context, AsyncSnapshot<Article> snapshot) {
            if (snapshot.hasData) {
              final article = snapshot.data?.data;
              CustomScrollView(
                slivers: [
                  SliverAppBar(
                    // backgroundColor: Colors.red,
                    expandedHeight: 200,
                    floating: true,
                    pinned: true,
                    flexibleSpace: FlexibleSpaceBar(
                      background: Image.network(article == null
                          ? 'https://www.tonymacx86.com/attachments/2019-02-05-07-50-43-jpeg.385401/'
                          : article.imageUrl!),
                      title: Text('${article!.title}'),
                      centerTitle: true,
                    ),
                    leading: const Icon(Icons.arrow_back),
                    actions: const [
                      Icon(Icons.settings),
                      SizedBox(width: 12),
                    ],
                  ),
                  buildImages(),
                ],
              );
            }

          },

        ),
      );

  Widget buildImages() => SliverToBoxAdapter(
        child: Card(
          elevation: 4.0,
          shape: RoundedRectangleBorder(
            borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(10.0),
          ),
          child: ListTile(
            // leading: Image.network(article.imageUrl),
            title: Text(
              'Title: ',
            ),
            subtitle: Text(
              'Content: ',
            ),
          ),
        ),
      );
}

A: You must return a widget from the builder function.
Widget build(BuildContext context) => Scaffold(
        body: FutureBuilder<Article>(
          future: _futureArticle,
          builder: (BuildContext context, AsyncSnapshot<Article> snapshot) {
            if (snapshot.hasData) {
              final article = snapshot.data?.data;
           return   CustomScrollView(
                slivers: [
                  SliverAppBar(
                    // backgroundColor: Colors.red,
                    expandedHeight: 200,
                    floating: true,
                    pinned: true,
                    flexibleSpace: FlexibleSpaceBar(
                      background: Image.network(article == null
                          ? 'https://www.tonymacx86.com/attachments/2019-02-05-07-50-43-jpeg.385401/'
                          : article.imageUrl!),
                      title: Text('${article!.title}'),
                      centerTitle: true,
                    ),
                    leading: const Icon(Icons.arrow_back),
                    actions: const [
                      Icon(Icons.settings),
                      SizedBox(width: 12),
                    ],
                  ),
                  buildImages(),
                ],
              );
            }

          },

        ),
      );

And you must return something even if snapshot.hasData is false.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Home/ethiopia/More than 40 former METEC officials detained in Ethiopia
More than 40 former METEC officials detained in Ethiopia
ethiopia November 11, 2018 ethiopia
November 10, 2018 – More than 40 former Metals and Engineering Corporation (METEC) officials and members of the intelligence service have been detained, according to Reporter.
The administration of METEC and members of intelligence services were jailed yesterday, 9 November 2018, the report said.
The Ethiopian government has so far not revealed whether someone is being held by METEC, much less that they were former METEC officials.
They were detained while they met in the Gerji district in Addis Ababa, former Imperial Hotel, which the company bought and was renamed Amoraw Building, according to sources.
He is believed to be in custody at the Federal Police's provisional detention center, according to sources.
METEC has been in hot water for some time for what current government officials believe was deep in corruption and mismanagement.
In August of this year, METEC was terminated by the work of the Great Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) for delay and mismanagement caused, according to government officials. Read here about this METEC story.
Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed himself stressed that it was not only the primary factor behind GERD's delays but also that Italian company Salini Impregilo, which is the main contractor of the GERD, has sought compensation for delays.
In October of this year, and maybe in an attempt to restore its name, METEC, a company controlled by military operations, announced it is going to be reorganized.
In addition to the pending reorganization, METEC also changed its name to the National Metal Engineering Corporation (NMEC), pending the approval of the government.
Brigadier Kinfe Dagnaw, who was head of the company as director until he resigned in April 2018 after the election of Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed as prime minister in the ruling party, was recently found in the media defending METEC.
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Final Fantasy: The 4 light heroes for the DS release date have been revealed


Jerry D. Feezel, Ph.D., an emeritus professor at the Kent State University School of Communication Studies (COMM), will be featured in the "Scholar Conversations" series at the 2018 Central States Communication Association (CSCA) convention April 4 – 7 in Milwaukee.
Typically held each fall and spring semester, the School of Communication Studies hosts the Global Communication Issues Forum in partnership with the Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting to address the global effect of a topic and how it is communicated to a world-wide audience by the media. Reporters from the Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting serve as keynote speakers and share their personal and professional perspectives on how a topic is covered.
Toastmasters three-time world champion of public speaking and Kent State University alumnus Rich Breiner, Ph.D., '80, visited campus recently for the first time since graduation nearly 40 years ago.
School of Communication Studies (COMM) marketing assistant Mikala Lugen sat down with Breiner to talk about his college experience, his successful public speaking career and his tips for leading a happy and prosperous life.
The College of Communication and Information has created a series of high-impact, immersive educational experiences that debuts this upcoming spring semester. The "Media and Movements" initiative will enable CCI undergraduate and graduate students to apply their communication, research, multimedia storytelling, design, advocacy, data, information and knowledge management skills to significant and highly relevant social issues.


text:
What Would Reagan Do? MoveOn.Org Video Suggests He Would Support Obama Choosing Scalia Replacement
A new ad by the liberal group MoveOn.Org that features video of President Ronald Reagan urging the senate to confirm his choice of Anthony Kennedy for a Supreme Court vacancy.
"The time is now right... to join together in a bipartisan effort to fulfill our constitutional obligation of restoring the United States Supreme Court to full strength," Reagan said.
The ad titled "1988" is intended to support arguments against delaying confirmation of a replacement for Justice Antonin Scalia until a new president is chosen. But it bends the calendar a bit to make the point since Reagan made his remarks on November 12, 1987. It also ignores that Kennedy was Reagan's third choice. Robert Bork was rejected by the Democratic-controlled senate and Douglas Ginsberg withdrew from consideration after his marijuana use was revealed.
But the MoveOn.org ad does make the point that Sen. Mitch McConnell, who now leads the senate, voted on February 3, 1988 -- an election year -- to confirm Justice Kennedy.
Previous Article Hoax Alert: The Pope DID NOT Call Sanders Most Christian Candidate Next Article Colbert's 'Road To The White House': Trump's 'Like Godzilla With More Foreign Policy Experience'


It is the art and science of measurement and control of procedure variables within a production, lab, or producing location. Instruments might be as easy as direct reading thermometers or might be intricate multi-variable procedure analyzers. Instruments are typically part of a control system in cars, factories, and refineries. Instrumentation is using determining instruments to manage a procedure and keep track of. It is the art and science of measurement and control of procedure variables within a production, lab, or making location. Instrumentation is the branch of Engineering which handles MEASUREMENT and CONTROL. (as basic as that).
It is a specific branch of Electrical engineering and has applications of electronic devices, signal processing, control systems engineering and mechanical engineering( to some degree). nstrumentation Engineering is everything about the advancement and application of instruments. In the field of Engineering, numerous instruments are Mechanical/ Electrical gadgets to determine something. Instrumentation is utilized anywhere Mechanical and Electrical systems have to be determined and kept track of. Instrumentation Engineers style and established cockpit console and all of the devices behind it that is needed to make them work. Structure electrical wiring looms, sensing unit calibration, signal conditioning and screening techniques prevail everyday jobs of an Instrumentation Engineer. In this field, Engineers typically work within and lead groups of service technicians who fix the instrumentation and set up.
Graduates are equipped with hands on abilities along with shows understanding, making this an important discipline. Fields of work for Instrumentation Engineers consist of the vehicle market, air travel, producing plants and science laboratories. Instrumentation is a branch of engineering, associated to research study of numerous instruments and their control. in some cases it is incorporated with electronic devices branch of engineering to make Electronic devices and Instrumentation. Instrumentation is an Engineering Branch which incorporates bit of all branches. Automation field originates from Instrumetnation just. Understanding of intruments & control of devices is the primary aspect. Instrumentation is a branch of Engineering which handles the operation, quality, homes and upkeep of instruments which are utilized in different production markets. There are 2 branches relating to instrumentation in engineering.They are,.
Electronic devices and Instrumentation Engineering.
The discipline of instrumentation engineering branched out of the streams of electronic and electrical engineering some time in the early part of 1970s. Some call it as B.Tech- electronic devices and instrumentation, a couple of name it as B.Tech - control and instrumentation. Instrumentation engineering is the branch of engineering that specialises on the concept and operation of determining instruments that are utilized in fields of style, setup of automated systems in electrical, pneumatic domains, and so on. Instrumentation engineers need to hold at least a bachelor's degree in engineering, engineering innovation, or a math-related field. Electronic devices & Instrumentation Engineering (E&I), Instrumentation & Controls Engineering (ICE), are the 2 Engineering courses which are acquired of the Instrumentation Engineering.
Electronic devices and Instrumentation Engineering handles the operation of Electronic elements and their upkeep. It primarily handles the Electronic devices. Apart from these, electronic instrumentation, biomedical instruments like pacemakers, networks and interaction likewise form a part of the instrumentation field. The discipline of instrumentation engineering branched out of the streams of electronic and electrical engineering some time in the early part of 1970s. Some call it as B.Tech- electronic devices and instrumentation, a couple of name it as B.Tech - control and instrumentation. Instrumentation engineering is the branch of engineering that specialises on the concept and operation of determining instruments that are utilized in fields of style, setup of automated systems in electrical, pneumatic domains, and so on. There are a myriad of profession possibilities for instrumentation engineers. In addition, instrumentation engineers have actually been necessary to the success of every aerial research study task ever flown. Instrumentation engineers may be used by producing companies, defense professionals, biomedical business, or federal government entities; or they may work for personal engineering companies.
Instrumentation engineers need to hold a minimum of a bachelor's degree in engineering, engineering innovation, or a math-related field. The specific discipline differs depending upon the market in which you prepare to work, the majority of instrumentation engineers hold a degree in electrical, mechanical, or computer system engineering. Graduate-level degrees are chosen by numerous companies and might even be needed for some innovative positions.
All engineers need to have a strong ability for mathematics and physics. Instrumentation engineers should likewise have strong interaction abilities, consisting of the capability to equate job requires into the style and advancement of hardware appropriate for the job. Outstanding issue resolving abilities and a capability to believe outside package are necessary, because lots of instrumentation engineers discover themselves hired to resolve distinctively tough issues.
The United States Bureau of Labor Data (BLS) forecasted that work of architecture and engineering experts would grow more gradually than average from 2014-2024, at a rate of 3%. Instrumentation engineers, nevertheless, play an essential function in the advancement of automation strategies in production and processing plants and might see more development chances than in other engineering fields. While pay is extremely reliant upon market and education, PayScale.com reported that the mean wage for instrumentation engineers was $78,258 since January 2016. Instrumentation Engineering handles the style, setup and automation of systems. Electronic devices & Instrumentation Engineering (E&I), Instrumentation & Controls Engineering (ICE), are the 2 Engineering courses which are acquired of the Instrumentation Engineering. These 2 courses covers practically comparable topics and the specialists finished in these courses can try to find a comparable work profile.
Both the above discussed courses of instrumentation have a brilliant scope in the future considering that Instrumentation Engineers remain in terrific need. Instrumentation is a field of engineering which includes automation and procedure control.It likewise includes usage of sensing units and transducers. The significant variables managed are temperature level, pressure, volume and so on Plant Automation with making use of SCADA and PLC permits the operators to have the whole view of the plants on the computer system screen on an actual time basis. Not just operations can be seen, the valves and other gadgets can be managed with easy click the computer system screen. This usage of automation makes procedure control extremely simple. Instrumentation and Control Engineering handles the control of the instruments which are utilized in numerous production markets. This branch will be extremely intriguing. This course incorporates the style, construct and management of systems that are utilized in a variety of modern-day commercial settings, and is carefully associated to robotic and mechatronic engineering. Instrumentation engineers are utilized at necessary positions in the commercial production sector and normally operate in markets with automated procedures, such as chemical or factory with the objective of enhancing system stability, dependability and performance.


New research uncovers a circuit in the brains of mice that links circadian rhythm and aggression. The researchers have developed special protein tools capable of turning off the cells in the brain causing the behavior.
The discovery is particularly relevant to Alzheimer's patients who experience increased aggression at night.


The TrafFix Devices Quad-Drop sign stand is NCHRP 350 Certified for 36" or 48" plastic corner pocket roll-up signs.
The Quad-Drop is made of 100% aluminum for lightweight portability and corrosion and rust resistance. Weighing only 13 lbs., the Quad-Drop is half the weight of other conventional compact sign stands.
The quick pin latch bracket provides easy insertion of plastic corner pocket roll-up signs. The Quad-Drop also works with TrafFix Devices plastic corner pocket roll-up signs and the patented Slide-n-Store sign, also from TrafFix Devices.
All four legs of the Quad-Drop sign stand drop at once providing the quickest deployment of any traffic control sign stand.
Minimize the time your people are exposed to traffic with a 2 second Quad-Drop deployment using the patented Quad-Drop legs. Each leg telescopes for increased stability and are made of 100% aluminum.


SUNDAY ALL DAY FREE!!! It's the only Oktoberfest outside of Germany to be sanctioned by the Bavarian Parliament and City of Munich.
Join Us for four exciting Days!
Mark your calendars for the 2019 Frankenmuth Oktoberfest in Heritage Park, Frankenmuth, MI.
we will close the festival at 6:00pm. Tickets for the Frankenmuth Oktoberfest Can be purchased at the gate.
Shuttle Service ~ Transportation from the Frankenmuth Oktoberfest .
Frankenmuth Hotels Friday 9/20 3pm til Close Saturday 9/21 12:00 – Close 3:00 per person per ride Shuttles will make continuous loops to all Frankenmuth Hotels.
Pick up at America's Best Value Inn, Birch Run 9/20 3pm til Close Saturday 9/21 12:00 – Close Cost 5.00 per person per ride. Shuttles will make continuous loops.
Volunteer one day or all four days!
Click here to read the latest information to make your Oktoberfest experience a blast!


Hamilton, Ohio history and heritage is another reason this community is a great stop on your Butler County getaway. Enjoy visiting the Lane Hooven House, a restored octagonal home built in 1863. Or, take a trip to the Solider, Sailors, and Pioneers Monument, located at the 1790's site of Fort Hamilton, featuring colorful windows, amazingly detailed architecture and a 17-foot Civil War soldier proclaiming victory on top of the sculpture. Taking an interactive tour of Hamilton's historic landmarks lets you see the highlights of Hamilton, Ohio history using the city's digital booklet: Walking Tours of Historic Hamilton, Ohio.
This octagonal house, is one of only 400 in the United States.
Monument Cabin is an 1804 log cabin restored on the site of old Fort Hamilton along the bank of the Great Miami River.
Rossville was founded in 1804 as a separate city from Hamilton. It was names after Senator James Ross of Pittsburgh, a friend of George Washington and General Arthur St. CLair.
This Butler County monument stands proudly at the 1790s site of Fort Hamilton, right along the banks of the Great Miami River.


That's basically what the Government has said in it's very very long awaited responses to the Electoral Commission's hard work.
Kable have a good summary of the situation with some extra quotes. I would love to dissect the Government's reports and report on the Kreminology of the whole affair but I'm moving at the moment and really can't spare the time. Ikea wardrobes don't build themselves you know!
The Times has a good article on the Government's obsession with boosting turnout hence their continuously trying to force postal ballots. As many of the people they quoted comment, it's a bit odd to undermine confidence in the electoral process in favour of a few extra percentage points of turnout.
Louise Ferguson has links to a Radio 4 piece on all-postal voting which I haven't had a chance to listen to but I'm sure must be good if Louise recommends it.
PublicTechnoloy has an article on the reports which leads on the need for a centralised electoral register. This project was once called LASER but now is known as CORE, if it ever happens then it will be another national ID database of sorts. Oh joy. The key point is that while e-voting is on hold CORE could re-awaken e-voting pilots once completed. Oh more joy.


text:
//! \file fbxselectionset.h
#ifndef _FBXSDK_SCENE_SELECTION_SET_H_
#define _FBXSDK_SCENE_SELECTION_SET_H_

#include <fbxsdk/fbxsdk_def.h>

#include <fbxsdk/scene/fbxcollection.h>
#include <fbxsdk/scene/fbxselectionnode.h>

#include <fbxsdk/fbxsdk_nsbegin.h>

/** FBX SDK selection set class.
* \nosubgrouping
*  Represents a set of selected objects (FbxObject) and components. This is a non-exclusive (multiple membership) collection.
*  Objects (FbxObject) can be added to a FbxSelectionSet directly, but to add components (vertexes, edges, or faces)
*  you create a selection node (FbxSelectionNode) to group the object and its components together as a single item to be added.
*  \see FbxSelectionNode
*/
class FBXSDK_DLL FbxSelectionSet : public FbxCollection
{
    FBXSDK_OBJECT_DECLARE(FbxSelectionSet, FbxCollection);

public:
    /** This property stores annotation of the selection set.
    * Default value is "".
    */
    FbxPropertyT<FbxString>        SelectionSetAnnotation;

    /**
    * \name Utility functions
    */
    //@{

    /**  Get the selected faces of a specified object.
    *    \param pObj                The specified object.
    *    \param pPolygonIndexArray  The array to take the indices of the selected faces.
    *    \remarks                   The indices of selected faces will be put in pPolygonIndexArray.
    */
    void GetFaceSelection( FbxObject* pObj,FbxArray<int>& pPolygonIndexArray ) const;

	/**  Get the selected edges of a specified object.
	*    \param pObj                The specified object.
	*    \param pEdgeIndexArray     The array to take the indices of the selected edges.
	*    \remarks                   The indices of selected face will be put in pEdgeIndexArray.
	*/
    void GetEdgeSelection( FbxObject* pObj,FbxArray<int>& pEdgeIndexArray ) const;

	/**  Get the selected vertices of a specified object.
	*    \param pObj                The specified object.
	*    \param pVertexIndexArray   The array to take the indices of the selected vertices.
	*    \remarks                   The indices of selected face will be put in pVertexIndexArray.
	*/
    void GetVertexSelection( FbxObject* pObj,FbxArray<int>& pVertexIndexArray ) const;

    /**  Get list of two types of member in the selection set: SelectionNodes and Directly contained objects.
    *    \param pSelectionNodeList  The array to take selection nodes of the selection set.
    *    \param pDirectObjectList   The array to take directly contained objects of the selection set.
    *    \remarks There might be two types members for a selection set: selection node and directly contained object.
    *    They will be listed in pSelectionNodeList and pDirectObjectList separately.
    */
    void GetSelectionNodesAndDirectObjects(FbxArray<FbxSelectionNode*> &pSelectionNodeList, FbxArray<FbxObject*> &pDirectObjectList) const;

    //@}

/*****************************************************************************************************************************
** WARNING! Anything beyond these lines is for internal use, may not be documented and is subject to change without notice! **
*****************************************************************************************************************************/
#ifndef DOXYGEN_SHOULD_SKIP_THIS
protected:
    virtual void ConstructProperties(bool pForceSet);
#endif /* !DOXYGEN_SHOULD_SKIP_THIS *****************************************************************************************/
};

#include <fbxsdk/fbxsdk_nsend.h>

#endif /* _FBXSDK_SCENE_SELECTION_SET_H_ */

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Registration for the 2018 NAMA Spring Conference is open. Online Registration – Payment by credit card only.
The deadline to register is Friday, March 9, 2018. After March 9, registration rates increase by $100.00.
Please contact Chris Clark at 202.484.2200, ext. 2, or [email protected] with questions or for additional information.
Hotel rooms are reserved at the Naples Grande Beach Resort in Naples, FL. Make your room reservation online. The NAMA room rate starts at $309.00 a night. The NAMA room rate is available on a first come-first serve basis until Thursday, March 1, 2018, or until the group block is sold-out, so make your reservations as soon as possible. You may also call Naples Grande Beach Resort at 844-993-9576 and reference the North American Millers' Association Spring Conference. The Naples Grande Beach Resort is approximately 40 miles (50 min by car) from the Ft. Myers/Southwest Florida Int'l Airport.