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Are We Shifting Back to Imperialism?
The United States was born when rebellious colonists declared their independence from an imperial ruler who had vastly overstepped his bounds. "The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States," they wrote in their Declaration of Independence.
Today's presidency lacks the regal air of George III. But imperialism is back, in a big way.
Last week, the Obama Administration's Department of Homeland Security issued a memorandum instructing U.S. immigration officials to use their "prosecutorial discretion" to create a policy scheme contrary to existing law, designed to implement legislation that Congress hasn't passed.
The President himself has admitted he doesn't have the authority to do this. "The idea of doing things on my own is very tempting, I promise you, not just on immigration reform. But that's not how our system works," he told Hispanic activists last year. "That's not how our democracy functions."
We can now see before us a persistent pattern of disregard for the powers of the legislative branch in favor of administrative decision-making without—and often in spite of—congressional action. This violates the spirit—and potentially the letter—of the Constitution's separation of the legislative and executive powers of Congress and the President.
Examples abound:
Even though the Democrat-controlled Senate rejected the President's cap-and-trade plan, his Environmental Protection Agency classified carbon dioxide, the compound that sustains vegetative life, as a pollutant so that it could regulate it under the Clean Air Act.
After the Employee Free Choice Act—designed to bolster labor unions' dwindling membership rolls—was defeated by Congress, the National Labor Relations Board announced a rule that would implement "snap elections" for union representation, limiting employers' abilities to make their case to workers and virtually guaranteeing a higher rate of unionization at the expense of workplace democracy.
After an Internet regulation proposal failed to make it through Congress, the Federal Communications Commission announced that it would regulate the Web anyway, even despite a federal court's ruling that it had no authority to do so.
Although Congress consistently has barred the Department of Education from getting involved in curriculum matters, the Administration has offered waivers for the No Child Left Behind law in exchange for states adopting national education standards, all without congressional authorization.
Likewise, the Administration has often simply refused to enforce laws duly enacted by Congress:
Since it objects to existing federal immigration laws, the Administration has decided to apply those laws selectively and actively prevent the state (like Arizona) from enforcing those laws themselves.
Rather than push Congress to repeal federal laws against marijuana use, the Department of Justice (DOJ) simply decided it would no longer enforce those laws.
DOJ also has announced that it would stop enforcing the Defense of Marriage Act or defending it from legal challenge rather than seeking legislative recourse.
On Tuesday, the President invoked executive privilege to avoid handing over some 1,300 documents in an ongoing Congressional investigation. The Supreme Court has held that executive privilege cannot be invoked to shield wrongdoing. Is that what's happening in this case? "Congress needs to get to the bottom of that question to prevent an illegal invocation of executive privilege and further abuses of power. That will require an index of the withheld documents and an explanation of why each of them is covered by executive privilege—and more," Heritage legal scholar Todd Gaziano writes.
Earlier this year the President crossed the threshold of constitutionality when he gave "recess appointments" to four officials who were subject to Senate confirmation, even though the Senate wasn't in recess. Gaziano wrote at the time that such appointments "would render the Senate's advice and consent role to normal appointments almost meaningless. It is a grave constitutional wrong."
There is no telling where such disregard may go next, but the trend is clear, and it leads further and further away from the constitutional rule of law.
The President has unique and powerful responsibilities in our constitutional system as chief executive officer, head of state, and commander in chief. Those powers do not include the authority to make laws or to decide which laws to enforce and which to ignore. The President – like judges or Members of Congress – takes an oath to uphold the Constitution in carrying out the responsibilities of his office.
Indeed, the President takes a unique oath, pledging he "shall faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States" and "preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States." We don't need a new Declaration of Independence, but we do need a President who will defend and vigorously exert his or her legitimate powers, recognizing that those powers are not arbitrary or unlimited.
Dr. Matthew Spalding is the Vice President for American Studies and Director of the B. Kenneth Simon Center for Principles and Politics at The Heritage Foundation. He is also the author of We Still Hold These Truths.
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Amphicoelias (; che significa "biconcavo", dal greco αμφι, amphi: "su entrambi i lati", e κοιλος, koilos: "vuoto, concavo") è un genere estinto di dinosauri sauropodi, comprendente probabilmente i più grandi animali terrestri mai esistiti (anche se non i più pesanti). Visse nel Giurassico superiore (Titoniano, tra 150,8 e 145,5 milioni di anni fa). I suoi resti fossili sono stati ritrovati in Nordamerica. Di questo genere furono originariamente descritte due specie: A. altus e A. fragillimus ma nel 2018 lAmphicoelias fragillimus è stato inserito nel nuovo genere Maraapunisaurus.

Storia della scoperta

I resti dellAmphicoelias fragillimus furono raccolti da Oramel Lucas, un collezionista di fossili impiegato da E. D. Cope, poco dopo essere stato assunto da questi nel 1877. Lucas scoprì una vertebra (con parte dell'arco neurale e della spina dorsale) delle nuove specie di sauropodi a Garden Park, a nord di Cañon City, Colorado, vicino a una cava che restituiva fossili di Camarasaurus. La vertebra era in cattive condizioni ma straordinariamente grande, misurando 1,5 m in altezza e promettendo una misura fino a 2,7 m se completa. Lucas spedì l'esemplare a Cope nella primavera o all'inizio dell'estate del 1878 e Cope lo pubblicò come esemplare olotipo di una nuova specie (numero di catalogo AMNH 5777), A. fragillimus, quell'agosto. Il nome deriva dal latino fragillimus ("molto fragile"), che si riferisce alla delicatezza dell'osso dovuta alla sottilissima lamina dell'arco vertebrale (le pareti del corpo vertebrale). Come rivelato nei quaderni di Cope, che registrò il ritrovamento in base al rapporto di Lucas sui siti di scavo nel 1879, l'esemplare proveniva da una collina a sud della cava del Camarasaurus, ora nota come Cope's Nipple. Nonostante Cope avesse originariamente scritto che il sito apparteneva alla formazione Dakota (medio Cretacico), la presenza di dinosauri come il Camarasaurus nelle stesse rocce indica che i resti appartengono più probabilmente alla formazione Morrison, che colloca l'età del sito a 150 milioni di anni fa nel tardo periodo Giurassico, in particolare nel Titoniano.

Le gigantesche ossa attribuite a A. fragillimus sono state spesso ignorate nei resoconti relativi a dinosauri più grandi, in parte perché, secondo varie successive verifiche, non è nota la posizione della vertebra e del femore successivamente scoperto da Lucas e tutti i tentativi di localizzarli sono falliti. Nel 2006 il paleontologo statunitense Kenneth Carpenter ha presentato un plausibile scenario per spiegare la scomparsa dei campioni di A. fragillimus. Come annota lo stesso Cope nella sua descrizione, il materiale osseo dell'arco neurale era molto fragile e le tecniche per indurire e preservare le ossa fossili non erano ancora state inventate (fu infatti il paleontologo Othniel Charles Marsh, il rivale di Cope, il primo a utilizzare sostanze chimiche a tale scopo nei primi anni 1880). Carpenter ha osservato che le ossa fossili estratte dalla cava dellA. fragillimus sarebbero state conservate in mudstone (termine inglese che indica un tipo di argillite, una roccia sedimentaria a grana fine i cui costituenti originali erano argille o fanghi) profondamente alterata, che tende a sgretolarsi facilmente e a frammentarsi in piccoli cubetti irregolari. Pertanto, le ossa potrebbero essersi sgretolate ed essere state scartate da qualcuno al Museo Americano di storia naturale (forse anche dallo stesso Cope) subito dopo averle illustrate nella raccolta per il suo articolo. Carpenter ha suggerito che questo potrebbe spiegare anche perché Cope disegnò la vertebra da una sola vista, piuttosto che da più angolazioni come fece normalmente per le sue altre scoperte.

Nel 1994 fu fatto un tentativo di localizzare la cava originale dove erano stati rivenuti lA. fragillimus e altre specie, usando un radar che penetrasse nel terreno nel tentativo di rilevare ossa fossili ancora sepolte nel terreno. Questo tentativo fallì perché le ossa fossili di mudstone avevano la stessa densità della roccia circostante, rendendo impossibile la loro differenziazione. Uno studio della topografia locale dimostrò anche che gli strati rocciosi di origine fossile erano gravemente erosi, e probabilmente il processo era già in atto quando Lucas fece la sua scoperta di A. fragillimus, indicando infatti che la maggior parte dello scheletro era scomparsa al momento del recupero della vertebra e del femore.

Le proporzioni gigantesche di A. fragillimus sono state a lungo oggetto di discussione tra i paleontologi. Carpenter sostiene che ci sono tutte le ragioni prendere Cope in parola, osservando come fosse in gioco la sua reputazione di paleontologo. La scoperta avvenne durante la guerra delle ossa e il rivale di Cope, O.C. Marsh, che era "sempre pronto a umiliare" Cope, non mise mai in discussione le affermazioni di questi. Marsh era noto per aver impiegato spie per monitorare le scoperte di Cope e potrebbe persino aver avuto conferma dell'enorme dimensione delle ossa di Amphicoelias fragillimus. Anche i paleontologi Henry Fairfield Osborn e C.C. Mook nel 1921, oltre a John S. McIntosh nel 1998, accettarono senza riserve i dati di Cope nelle recensioni da loro pubblicate. Altri paleontologi sono stati più critici. In un'analisi delle prove e delle circostanze che circondano la pubblicazione e l'interpretazione di A. fragillimus, Woodruff e Foster (2015) hanno concluso che le sue dimensioni sono state sopravvalutate e che i paleontologi moderni hanno accettato l'interpretazione di Cope senza il dovuto scetticismo. Notano che non sono stati scoperti fossili di sauropodi relativamente giganteschi nella formazione Morrison o altrove, che i paleontologi del XIX secolo - incluso lo stesso Cope - non hanno prestato la dovuta attenzione alle dimensioni di A. fragillimus (anche quando potevano essere giustificate dalla regola di Cope riguardo all'aumento di dimensioni corporee degli animali nel corso del tempo evolutivo) e che errori tipografici nelle sue misurazioni - come aver riportato le misure vertebrali in metri piuttosto che in millimetri - minano la loro affidabilità. I due studiosi hanno concluso che il gigantesco A. fragillimus è una creatura "altamente improbabile" basata su una discutibile interpretazione del rapporto di Cope.

Descrizione

LAmphicoelias altus, il tipo nomenclaturale descritto da E. D. Cope nel 1878, è basato su uno scheletro incompleto consistente in due vertebre, un pube (l'osso del bacino) e un femore. Nella stessa pubblicazione Cope nominò anche una seconda specie, lA. fragillimus. Tuttavia tutti i ricercatori successivi considerarono lA. fragillimus come sinonimo di A. altus ma già a partire dal 1881 era stato riconosciuto che lA. altus non poteva essere distinto dall'altro genere, in quanto le caratteristiche descritte da Cope erano state male interpretate e diffuse.

Nel 1921 Henry Fairfield Osborn e C.C. Mook attribuirono altre ossa fossili a A. altus, una scapola, un coracoide, un'ulna e un dente. Osborn e Mook, che studiarono l'esemplare, trovarono notevoli somiglianze tra lAmphicoelias e il Diplodocus, anche se il primo possedeva un femore insolitamente snello e gli arti anteriori proporzionalmente più lunghi di quelli del Diplodocus.

La dentizione dellAmphicoelias è del tipo omodonte. I suoi denti avevano la forma di lunghe aste cilindriche sottili, erano distanziati e sporgevano verso la parte anteriore della bocca. Il femore di Amphicoelias è insolitamente lungo, snello e rotondo in sezione trasversale; mentre questa rotondità si pensava fosse un'altra caratteristica distintiva di Amphicoelias, da allora è stata trovata in alcuni esemplari di Diplodocus. Anche la taglia dei due animali doveva essere molto simile (circa 28 metri di lunghezza per lAmphicoelias altus, circa 27 per il Diplodocus). Mentre la maggior parte degli scienziati ha utilizzato questi dettagli per distinguere lAmphicoelias e il Diplodocus come generi separati, almeno uno ha suggerito che lAmphicoelias è probabilmente il sinonimo senior del Diplodocus.

Dimensioni

Proporre una stima della dimensione completa dellA. fragillimus richiede di dimensionare le ossa delle specie più note di diplodocidi (una famiglia di sauropodi estremamente lunghi e snelli) assumendo che le loro proporzioni relative siano simili. Nel suo articolo originale Cope lo fece speculando sulle dimensioni di un ipotetico femore di A. fragillimus. Egli fece notare come in altri dinosauri sauropodi, in particolare lA. altus e il Camarasaurus supremus, i femori erano sempre due volte più alti della più alta vertebra dorsale, per cui stimò la dimensione di un femore di A. fragillimus in 3,6 metri di altezza.

Nel 1994, usando un Diplodocus come riferimento, Gregory S. Paul ha stimato una lunghezza del femore di un A. fragillimus in una forbice da 3,1 a 4 metri. Una nuova stima del 2006 da parte di Ken Carpenter, utilizzando anch'egli un Diplodocus come scala di guida, ha trovato un'altezza del femore tra i 4,3 e i 4,6 metri. Partendo dal femore Carpenter ha continuato a stimare la dimensione completa di un A. fragillimus, avvertendo però che le proporzioni relative nei diplodocidi potrebbero variare da specie a specie. Assumendo le stesse proporzioni del noto Diplodocus, Carpenter ha suggerito una lunghezza totale stimata di 58 metri, che ha fatto osservare rientrerebbe nell'intervallo presentato da Paul nel 1994 compreso tra 40 e 60 metri.

Carpenter ha sottolineato che anche le stime di lunghezza più prudenti in difetto per lA. fragillimus sono superiori a quelle di altri sauropodi giganti, come il diplodocide Supersaurus vivianae (32,5 metri), il brachiosauride Sauroposeidon proteles (34 metri) e il titanosauro Argentinosaurus (30 metri). Carpenter si è spinto fino a presentare proporzioni più speculative e specifiche per lA. fragillimus (sempre basandosi su una scala graduata relativa al Diplodocus), compresa una lunghezza del collo di 16,75 metri, una lunghezza del corpo di 9,25 metri e una lunghezza della coda di 32. Il paleontologo ha stimato l'altezza totale degli arti anteriori a 5,75 metri e quella degli arti posteriori a 7,5, con un'altezza complessiva (nel punto più alto sul posteriore) di 9,25 metri. Per confronto, la balenottera azzurra, che è in media la creatura vivente più lunga, raggiunge i 29,9 metri di lunghezza verificati scientificamente, anche se le più lunghe mai misurate dai cacciatori di balene erano due femmine di 33,6 e 33,3 metri rispettivamente.

Nonostante la forma del corpo del'A. fragillimus fosse relativamente sottile, le sue enormi dimensioni lo rendevano ancora molto massiccio. Il peso dei sauroposi è però molto più difficile da determinare rispetto alla lunghezza, poiché le equazioni necessarie sono più complesse e sono soggette a maggiori margini di errore anche rispetto a variazioni minori delle proporzioni globali dell'animale. Carpenter si servì di una stima di Paul del 1994 sulla massa di un Diplodocus carnegii di 11,5 tonnellate per ipotizzare che lA. fragillimus potesse pesare fino a 122,4 tonnellate. Per confronto la balenottera azzurra più pesante mai registrata pesava 173 tonnellate mentre il dinosauro più pesante noto per i suoi fossili ragionevolmente ben conservati,  lArgentinosaurus, doveva pesare tra le 80 e le 100 tonnellate; sebbene le stime di queste dimensioni possano essere oggetto di discussione, lA. fragillimus potrebbe nonostante tutto essere più leggero del Bruhathkayosaurus, che è stato stimato pesare anche 126 tonnellate.

Appartenendo ad una famiglia di sauropodi lunghi ma leggeri, i diplodocidi, rispetto alle enormi dimensioni, lAmphicoelias fragillimus doveva quindi essere relativamente "leggero". Altre stime hanno poi diminuito (anche se di poco) la sua lunghezza complessiva: il risultato è un Amphicoelias lungo 50 metri. Alcuni studiosi pensano che lAmphicoelias fragillimus fosse ancora più piccolo, e cioè 45 metri di lunghezza. Tuttavia, poiché gli unici resti fossili sono andati perduti, l'unica evidenza scientifica per queste stime è sopravvissuta nei documenti dell'epoca ed analisi più recenti di questi, alla luce delle nuove conoscenze nel campo, hanno suggerito che le enormi dimensioni ipotizzate per questo animale fossero una sovrastima biologicamente poco plausibile.

Classificazione e specie
Edward Drinker Cope descrisse i suoi ritrovamenti in due numeri del 1878 dellAmerican Naturalist e li attribuì al nuovo genus Amphicoelias. Egli lo collocò in un'unica famiglia, Amphicoeliidae, sebbene questo sia oggi considerato un nomen oblitum (nome dimenticato). Il genere è solitamente assegnato alla famiglia Diplodocidae, sebbene alcune analisi moderne lo abbiano collocato alla base del più vasto gruppo Diplodocoidea o considerato come un diplodocide incertae sedis (di posizionamento incerto). La prima specie nominata nel genere, Amphicoelias altus (esemplare olotipo AMHD 5764) fu scoperta da Cope nel 1877 e sebbene sia rappresentata solo da uno scheletro parziale, ci sono sufficienti caratteristiche diagnostiche per definirne provvisoriamente il genere. LA. altus è noto da resti fossili migliori ma è più piccolo dellA. fragillimus. Nel 1878 Cope nominò anche una seconda specie: Amphicoelias latus. La terza specie di Amphicoelias fu denominata Amphicoelias fragillimus, nota solo da un singolo e incompleto arco neurale (la parte di una vertebra con spine e processi) alto 1,5 metri, l'ultimo o il penultimo a nella serie di vertebre posteriori, D (dorsale) 10 o D9. Basandosi solamente su un'illustrazione pubblicata nel 1878, questa vertebra avrebbe dovuto misurare circa 2,7 metri nell'animale in vita. Tuttavia, è stato sostenuto che la barra graduata utilizzata nella descrizione pubblicata conteneva un errore tipografico e che la vertebra fossile misurasse in realtà solo 1,38 metri in altezza. Oltre a questa vertebra, le note sul campo di Cope contengono un riferimento a un "[i]mmensa estremità distale di un femore", situata a poche decine di metri di distanza dalla gigantesca vertebra. È probabile che questo osso della gamba non ulteriormente descritto appartenesse allo stesso individuo di cui era stata trovata la spina neurale.

Nel 2010 fu reso disponibile ma non pubblicato ufficialmente un articolo in cui Henry Galiano e Raimund Albersdorfer si riferivano alle nuove specie di A. brontodiplodocus come Amphicoelias, basandosi su diversi esemplari completi trovati nella Cava di Dana di Big Horn Basin, Wyoming e conservati in una collezione privata. Il nome specifico si riferiva alla loro ipotesi basata su questi campioni che quasi tutte le specie di diplodocida Morrison rappresentavano o diversi stadi di crescita o un dimorfismo sessuale tra i membri dello stesso genere "Amphicoelias", ma questa analisi è stata accolta con scetticismo e la pubblicazione stessa è stata smentita dal suo autore principale, spiegando che si era trattato "ovviamente di un manoscritto redatto completo di refusi, etc., e non di un documento finale, in effetti non è stata tentata alcuna stampa o distribuzione".

Nel 1921 Osborn e Mook hanno sinonimizzato le tre specie, includendo lA. latus tra i Camarasaurus supremus e suggerendo anche che lA. fragillimus sarebbe solo un individuo molto grande di C. grandis, una posizione con la quale la maggior parte degli studi successivi, tra cui McIntosh (1998), Foster (2007) e Woodruff e Foster (2015) ha concordato. Carpenter nel 2006 ha espresso il suo disaccordo sulla sinonimia di A. altus e A. fragillimus e, citando numerose differenze nella costruzione della vertebra, notate anche da Cope, ha suggerito che queste differenze sarebbero sufficienti a giustificare una specie separata o anche un genere separato per lA. fragillimus. Tuttavia ha continuato avvertendo che la validità di A. fragillimus come specie separata è quasi impossibile da determinare senza il campione originale da studiare. Sebbene lAmphicoelias latus non sia chiaramente un Amphicoelias, probabilmente è sinonimo di Camarasaurus grandis piuttosto che di C. supremus perché fu trovato più in basso nella formazione Morrison e le facce articolate profondamente concave sulle vertebre caudali sono più coerenti con C. grandis.

Nel 2007 John Foster ha suggerito che le differenze solitamente citate per differenziare lAmphicoelias altus dal più noto Diplodocus non sono significative e potrebbero essere dovute a variazioni individuali. Foster sostiene che lAmphicoelias è probabilmente il sinonimo senior del Diplodocus e che, se ulteriori ricerche lo confermeranno, il nome familiare Diplodocus dovrebbe essere abbandonato a favore di Amphicoelias, come nel caso del  Brontosaurus e del suo sinonimo principale Apatosaurus. Nel 2015, Woodruff e Foster hanno ribadito questa conclusione, affermando che esiste una sola specie di "Amphicoelias" e che potrebbe essere indicata sia come "Diplodocus" che come "Diplodocus altus". I due studiosi hanno quindi considerato il nome Amphicoelias un nomen oblitum. È stato anche ipotizzato che lAmphicoelias dovrebbe essere considerato un apatosaurino, e quindi dovrebbe essere collocato nella sottofamiglia degli Apatosaurinae.

Il seguente cladogramma dei Diplodocidae dovuto a Tschopp, Mateus e Benson (2015) mostra invece lA. altus  all'esterno dei Diplodocinae:

Nel 2018 Carpenter ha infine considerato lAmphicoelias fragillimus un rebbachisauride inserendolo nel genere Maraapunisaurus.

Paleoecologia

Nella sua rivalutazione del 2006, Carpenter ha esaminato la paleobiologia dei sauropodi giganti, tra cui lAmphicoelias, e ha affrontato la questione del perché questo gruppo abbia raggiunto dimensioni così grandi. Lo scienziato ha sottolineato che le dimensioni gigantesche furono raggiunte all'inizio dell'evoluzione dei sauropodi, con specie di dimensioni molto grandi presenti già nel tardo periodo Triassico, concludendo che qualsiasi pressione evolutiva avesse dato luogo a grandi dimensioni, questa era presente fin dalle prime origini del gruppo. Carpenter ha citato diversi studi sui mammiferi erbivori giganti, come l'elefante e il rinoceronte, che hanno dimostrato che una taglia maggiore negli animali che mangiano le piante porta ad una maggiore efficienza nella digestione del cibo. Poiché gli animali più grandi hanno un apparato digerente più lungo, il cibo viene mantenuto in digestione per periodi significativamente più lunghi, consentendo agli animali di grandi dimensioni di sopravvivere anche con fonti di cibo di qualità inferiore. Ciò è particolarmente vero per gli animali con un gran numero di "camere di fermentazione" lungo l'intestino che permettono ai microrganismi di accumularsi e di fermentare il materiale vegetale, favorendo la digestione. Durante la loro storia evolutiva, i dinosauri sauropodi sono stati trovati principalmente in ambienti semi-aridi, stagionalmente secchi, con un corrispondente calo stagionale della qualità del cibo durante la stagione secca. L'ambiente dellAmphicoelias era essenzialmente una savana, simile agli ambienti aridi in cui vivono i moderni erbivori giganti, sostenendo l'idea che il cibo di scarsa qualità in un ambiente arido promuove l'evoluzione dei grandi erbivori. Carpenter ha sostenuto che altri vantaggi delle grandi dimensioni, come la relativa immunità dai predatori, il dispendio energetico inferiore e una maggiore durata della vita, sono probabilmente vantaggi secondari.

L'ambiente oggi testimoniato dalla formazione Morrison in cui visse lAmphicoelias sarebbe assomigliato a una moderna savana anche se, poiché le piante erbacee non sarebbero apparse fino al Cretacico superiore, erano probabilmente le felci le piante dominanti e quindi la principale fonte di cibo per lAmphicoelias. Sebbene Engelmann et al. (2004) abbiano respinto le felci come fonte di cibo dei sauropodi a causa del loro contenuto calorico relativamente basso, Carpenter ha sostenuto che il sistema digerente sauropode, ben adattato per assimilare alimenti di bassa qualità, consentiva il consumo di felci come parte preponderante della dieta sauropode. Carpenter ha anche notato che la presenza occasionale di grandi ceppi pietrificati indica la presenza di alberi ad alto fusto di altezza compresa tra i 20 e i 30 m, che sembrerebbero in conflitto con il contesto della savana. Tuttavia, gli alberi sono rari e, poiché gli alberi ad alto fusto richiedono più acqua di quanto l'ambiente della savana potrebbe generalmente fornire, probabilmente esistevano in tratti ristretti o come "gallerie di foreste" lungo fiumi e calanchi dove l'acqua poteva accumularsi. Carpenter ha ipotizzato che giganteschi erbivori come lAmphicoelias  potessero aver usato l'ombra delle "gallerie di foreste" per mantenersi freschi durante il giorno, e provveduto alla maggior parte della loro alimentazione in aperta savana di notte.

Note

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Diplodocidi
Taxa classificati da Edward Drinker Cope
Megafauna estinta

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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text:
2020 election: Ballot measures in the South Bay…
2020 election: Ballot measures in the South Bay and Long Beach areas
This June 22, 2016 file photo shows a view of boats moored near the short of Catalina Island off the coast of California. The scenic island is reachable by ferry from Long Beach. The city of Avalon's Meaure H will ask voters to impose a maximum $2 special poll tax per passenger arriving to or departing from the island city by cruise ship, ferry or aircraft. (AP Photo/Beth J. Harpaz)
By Hunter Lee | hlee@scng.com |
Voters throughout the South Bay and Long Beach areas will have a lot to weigh during the Nov. 3 election, including a slate of local ballot measures — from taxes on cannabis businesses to city council term limits.
Here is a list of some of the local measures on the Nov. 3 ballots throughout the region:
Artesia's Measure Q asks voters to impose a tax of up to $20 per square foot of cultivation and 15% of gross receipts for cannabis and hemp businesses, indefinitely, to support the city's general fund. Funds generated through the measure will be used to improve general city services, including law enforcement, parks maintenance, youth and senior services and street repair.
The measure is estimated by the city to generate approximately $200,000 -$400,000 annually, until ended by voters.
The city of Avalon's Meaure H ask would impose a maximum $2 special poll tax per passenger arriving to or departing from the island city by cruise ship, ferry or aircraft. It would also create a special tax of $1 per vessel per day renting moorings in the city, indefinitely, to improve or replace the Catalina Island Medical Center.
If enacted, the city estimates the measure will generate approximately $1.2 million annually.
If Bellflower residents approve the city's proposed Measure M, local sales tax would increase by three-quarters of a cent.
The money would help pay for additional city services, including public safety, addressing homelessness, youth programs, and repairing streets and potholes.
In the last decade, the state has taken more than $20 million in funding for local services from Bellflower, according to the city. As for the last two L.A. County sales tax increases, only approximately 17 cents on the dollar goes back to the city.
The measure would raise approximately $4.5 million a year, according to the city. The measure would require audits and public disclosure of how the money gets spent.
Hawthorne residents will vote to decide on three ballot measures.
Measure CC would impose a 5% gross receipts tax on cannabis businesses, to support the city's general fund. This tax wouldn't generate any money initially, since marijuana businesses aren't allowed in Hawthorne. But it would generate revenue if the city eventually permits cannabis businesses to operate.
Measure LL would limit the mayor and city council members to a maximum two four-year terms.
Measure UU would increases the city's utility users tax by 2.5% indefinitely to increase money in the city's general fund, supporting 911 emergency response; fire, paramedic and other public safety services; homeless reduction programs; disaster preparedness; and street repairs.
Measure UU would generate approximately $3.2 million annually, according to the city. Households headed by senior citizens and those with disabilities would be exempt from the tax.
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Lomita's Measure L, if it passes, would create a 0.75% sales tax increase. The city's current sales tax is 9.5%, with most of the proceeds allocated to the state, Los Angeles County and to special districts. Measure L would bring Lomita's sales tax to the state maximum, with the 0.75% going entirely to the city.
Measure L, according to the city, would bring in an estimated 1.3 million in additional revenue each year. That money could go toward any general city need, including maintaining services, improving local drinking water quality, repairing streets and potholes, maintaining parks and public areas, and ensuring adequate emergency and public safety response.
The measure will require annual independent audits of the tax.
Residents of Signal Hill will decide on the city's proposed Measure R — known as the City of Signal Hill Financial Stability Measure — which would impose a 0.75% sales tax increase indefinitely, with the money going into the city's general fund.
Measure R is a sales tax that would be applied to purchases made in Signal Hill by visitors and residents, not a tax on home or property, and not applied to food purchases or prescription medication.
Measure R, according to the city, could help pay to prepare for future natural disasters and public health emergencies, and to avoid cuts in city services, such as 911 emergency response and crime prevention; street, parks and public facilities maintenance; and programs for youth and seniors.
2020-elections
Hunter Lee

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Embedded Studio includes a powerful project management system that provides flexibility and freedom to realize any project. Multi-project solutions, virtual and dynamic folders, and property inheritance enable a project set up to fit the developers' needs.
The Embedded Studio Project Management is based on Solutions. A Solution can contain one or more projects, which allows managing and organizing all projects in one place. All projects in a solution can be built and loaded onto the target at once. A project contains and organizes everything which is needed to create one application or library. Projects can be dependent on each other to, for example, build your library project and directly include the library into your application project.
A Solution is basically one single file with the file extension .emProject. It contains one or more projects and their settings. Projects are referenced relatively to the solution directory. A project can reside in the solution directory or its own one.
The Project Explorer (Open via View → Project Explorer Ctrl+Alt+P) organizes your Solution, project and files, shows their properties and provides quick access to commands for them.
The Project Explorer shows some statistical information about each file and folder. The number of files in a folder and the code and data size of compiled files. In addition to your folders the Project Explorer shows additional, auto-generated folders for quick access to properties, file dependencies and output files for each element.
The Project marked in bold is currently active. Double-click on another project to switch to it.
1. To create a new project select File → Create New Project... (Shift-Ctrl+N).
2. Select "Create the project in a new solution" to close the current Solution and create a new Solution for this project. Select "Add the project to the current solution" to create the project in the current Solution for multi-project builds.
C/C++ executable / Assembly code only executable: Create an application which can be loaded and executed.
Library: Create an object code library (an archive) which can be linked into an executable.
Externally built executable: Include an application which was not built with Embedded Studio to load and execute it on your target.
4. Enter a Name for your project and a location for the solution and click Next.
Depending on the project type you can now optionally select some common properties. Click Next to go through the settings pages and click Finish when you are done.
You can determine the relationship between projects in a Solution. Projects can depend on other projects to define an order in which they are built and make sure all dependent projects are up-to-date when building. This is for example used to make an executable dependent on a library. When the executable is built, the build system will make sure the library is up-to-date.
To set project dependencies activate the project and select Project → Dependencies... Select the dependencies by double-click on the projects and order them if necessary. Click OK. Cycle-dependencies are not possible (when Project A depends on Project B, Project B cannot depend on Project A).
Projects can include a folder structure to allow organizing and managing multiple files at once. To add a folder right-click on the project or a folder in the project and select New Folder.... Enter a folder name. Optionally make the folder a dynamic shortcut to a folder on your disc: Select a source folder to link to, include or exclude files by name or wildcard expression (*.c,*.cpp to include/exclude only source files). Click OK.
To add existing files to your project right-click on the folder you want to add the files to and select Add existing File.... In the file dialog, select one or more files you want to add to this project folder. Click OK.
To add a new file to your project right-click on the folder you want to add the files to and select Add new File.... Select a template to generate the file from, enter a name for the file and a location to save it to. Click OK. The file is now part of your project.
Build configurations can be used to build one project with different properties and settings, for example different output directories, compiler options or preprocessor defines, but also different, configuration dependent files. The most common use is to create a debug configuration which configures the project properties to allow easy debugging and produce more compiler warnings, and a release configuration which enables optimizations to reduce the size and increase the speed of the application.
The currently active configuration is shown in the project explorer's toolbar and can be selected from there. It is also available via Build → Set Active Build Configuration (Ctrl+Shift+B). In the properties window you can also select from the combobox to which configuration you want to apply properties to without changing the active configuration.
To create a new build configuration open Build → Build Configurations... and click on the '+' symbol. Enter a name for the configuration and press Enter.
With Embedded Studio you can set properties for solutions, projects, folders and files to configure the build system and debugging behavior. Property values can be set in the properties window, which is accessible as a docked window via View → Properties Window, which shows the property values for the currently selected file in the project explorer or via right-click on a project, folder or file in the project explorer to show the property values of this element.
Properties can be set for all build configurations with the private configuration "Common" and separately for each build configuration. The properties are grouped by their specific purpose. The properties window allows searching for specific properties. Not all properties might be available for all kind of elements and project types. Properties are inherited from parent elements. A project inherits from the Solution, a folder from the project, a sub-folder from its parent folder and files from folders.
Unique properties have one value. For each element the inherited unique property values can be overridden by changing it for this element.


Smugglers' Notch Distillery® currently offers exquisite vodka made from the finest grains combined with pure Vermont spring water; a premium bourbon barrel aged single-barrel amber rum; straight bourbon whiskey; two true-distilled gins – Blend No. 802 and hopped gin; Litigation, a remarkable wheat whiskey; Dead Buck, a limited release 108 proof bourbon; and Maple Bourbon.
750mL sizes are available at liquor outlets and stores while 50 mL minis are sold exclusively at our tasting room at the distillery in Jeffersonville, VT, at the Barrel House Tasting Room in Waterbury Center, VT, and at our newest tasting room, 28 Church Street, Burlington, VT.
To create the best vodka, the finest grains and water must be used to impart a subtle, intriguing flavor.
This hand-crafted 90-proof gin is made in extremely small batches during which the alcohol vapors pass through locally sourced Vermont Cascade hops and organic juniper berries.
Blend No. 802 is a true distilled gin hand-crafted in small batches.
Our award-winning, single-barrel aged and bourbon barrel finished rum offers an intriguing flavor profile. Aged for 3 years in charred white oak barrels, the process is finished off with double-aging in SND bourbon barrels for an additional year to infuse complex whiskey overtones. Each barrel offers a subtly distinct flavor profile, a rum connoisseur's delight!
Created through careful aging and exacting blending of the distinctive flavors of corn, rye, and malted barley.
This quintessentially Vermont whiskey is made by infusing our gold medal 2016 World Spirits Competition award winning straight bourbon whiskey with 100% pure organic Vermont maple syrup that has been aged in our used bourbon barrels.
Smugglers' Notch Distillery is proud to offer a rye whiskey blended from a mashbill of 95% rye and 5% malted barley and double -aged in new American charred oak barrels.
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Musical Theatre Creation
Submitted by Banff Centre for Arts and Creativity on Wed, 01/02/2019 - 17:50
Theatre Alberta, Alberta Playwrights' Network, and Banff Centre for Arts and Creativity are proud to welcome Bob Martin and Lisa Lambert, creators of the award-winning musical The Drowsy Chaperone, for a master class in Musical Theatre Creation.
We are in a new golden age of musical theatre. Writers and composers are exploring daring topics, forms, and styles. This three-day workshop will provide playwrights and theatre creators with tools and insights that can be applied to their own writing practice, and an opportunity to learn about Martin and Lambert's' unique and collaborative style of musical theatre creation.
Long-time collaborators Martin and Lambert created The Drowsy Chaperone with writer Don McKellar and composer Greg Morrison. The play opened on Broadway in 2006 and went on to receive multiple Tony and Drama Desk awards, including awards for both book and score.
What does the program offer?
Participants in Musical Theatre Creation will learn methods and practice skills necessary for creating original work. Topics will include the relationship between book writer and lyricist, the importance of identifying and embracing a personal writing process, and original works versus adaptations (and the challenges that each pose). Participants are asked to bring work-in-progress material to discuss and to receive feedback from the instructors.
This program is intended for experienced playwrights and theatre creators with a strong interest in musical theatre creation. Individual artists, as well as those working as part of writing teams, are welcome to apply. Songwriting experience is an asset but not a requirement. Please note that this class will not cover musical composition.
Artists residing outside Alberta will be required to pay an out-of-province fee of $100.
This master class is presented by Theatre Alberta, Alberta Paywrights' Network and Banff Centre for Arts and Creativity as part of Theatre Alberta's Workshops by Request: Rocky Mountain Series.
Date: March 01 - March 03, 2019
23/January/2019
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Newcastle Scholarship Winner Announced
Submitted by Razzamataz Theatre Schools Newcastle on Tue, 08/29/2017 - 12:33
PERFORMING AND SINGING
Huge congratulations to Bethan Martin for winning a year's scholarship with us with The Stage newspaper, which is the oldest and most prestigious performing arts publication in the UK
Announcing the winner of The Stage scholarship Huge congratulations to Bethan Martin for winning a year's scholarship with us and The Stage newspaper, which is the oldest and most prestigious performing arts publication in the UK. Bethan, age 14 from Ashington, has been selected as the winner in a recent talent competition and will be awarded a year's free tuition, which equates to more than 100 hours of exceptional performing arts training worth up to £800.
Hannah Robinson and Mya Stewart were awarded runner up prizes.
Thank you to each and every student who entered, you were all wonderful and we encourage you to try again next year. This wonderful opportunity gives all children the chance to join in because all that is required is a love of performing arts regardless of formal training. Participants simply had to send in a simple two-minute video highlighting what they can do from the Razzamataz curriculum. So that could be anything from a musical theatre song or dance, a drama piece, a pop song or street dance.
For Bethan's winning entry, she decided to perform 'I Dreamed a Dream' from 'Les Mis'.
Bethan said "I am absolutely delighted at winning the scholarship. Razzamataz Newcastle is a big part of my life and has given me the confidence to achieve what I thought was impossible. I am looking forward to further opportunities at Razzamataz in the future"
Now that Bethan is part of Razzamataz Newcastle she will have the opportunity to participate in many of the exciting events that will happen in 2017/2018. These include a whole host of performing opportunities, masterclasses with industry experts and the chance to audition for a leading talent agent as well as the chance to perform in London in the Indigo at the 02. To find out about availability at the school or to put your name on a waiting list, contact Principal Kayleigh Redford or Email: newcastle@razzamataz.co.uk or Tel: 07772577855 / 01914 065372.
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John Lister-Kaye
"John Lister Kaye" redirects here. For the cricketer and 1st baronet (1772-1827), see John Lister Kaye (MCC cricketer).
(1946-05-08) 8 May 1946 (age 73)
Wakefield, Yorkshire, England
nature writer
Sir John Philip Lister Lister-Kaye, 8th Baronet, OBE (born 8 May 1946 in Wakefield, Yorkshire) is an English naturalist, conservationist, author and owner and Director of the Aigas Field Centre, among other business interests. He is married with four children and has lived in the Highlands of Scotland since 1969.
2 Own publications
3 Primary sources
Having been born into an ancient established family who for many generations had been Yorkshire landowners, distinguished political figures and successful industrialists with interests in both quarrying and mining,[1] John Lister-Kaye's early fascination with natural history was something his family hoped he would eventually grow out of. In 1959, at the age of 13, his parents sent him to Allhallows School, near Lyme Regis in Devon. Fortuitously for him, if not for his parents, the school was situated within an 800-acre (3.2 km2) national nature reserve and near the wilderness of the Lyme Regis landslip (to which he returned with his daughter, as documented in Nature's Child). After five years in such an environment Lister-Kaye's love of nature was deep and permanent.[1]
After leaving school in 1964, Lister-Kaye was persuaded against his wishes to accept a post as a management trainee attached to the steel supply industry at Port Talbot in Wales.[1]
After witnessing the ecological disaster that resulted from the sinking of the supertanker Torrey Canyon [off the Isles of Scilly] in 1967, John Lister-Kaye then knew that a long-term career in industry was not for him.[2] The escape finally came in 1968 when he was invited by naturalist and author Gavin Maxwell, to move to Maxwell's home on Eilean Bàn (White Island) in the Scottish Highlands, to help him work on a book about British wild mammals and to assist with a project to build a private zoo on the island.[3] Lister-Kaye readily accepted Maxwell's invitation, resigned from his job, and moved to Scotland in 1969. After Maxwell's unexpected death from cancer later that same year, both the book and the zoo project had to be abandoned, and John Lister-Kaye became both jobless and homeless.[4] Rather than return to a career in industry he remained in Scotland and went into isolation to write a book about the short but eventful time he had spent with Maxwell on Eilean Bàn. His acclaimed first book, The White Island, was published by Longman in 1972. It has remained in print for 30 years.
In 1970, after the completion of The White Island, Lister-Kaye formed Highland Wildlife Enterprises, a natural history guiding service based at the village of Drumnadrochit, near Loch Ness.[5] Initially he was assisted in the venture by friend and ex-employee of Gavin Maxwell, Richard Frere. Two years later this was to become Scotland's first field studies centre, and in 1972, Lister-Kaye and the field centre moved to a remote valley near Glen Affric.[6]
He married Sorrel Bentinck, a daughter of Henry Bentinck (who later became Earl of Portland). Four years later, needing to accommodate a growing family and to be able to extend the facilities of the field centre, Lister-Kaye persuaded Inverness-shire County Council to sell him the remains of a Victorian sporting estate near Beauly called Aigas, which had previously been used by the council as an old people's home.[7] In 1977, the Aigas Field Centre was opened by Sir Frank Fraser Darling, Scotland's most celebrated ecologist.[8]
Lister-Kaye was commissioned to write a Penguin Special 'SealCull' (published 1979) on the political row that surrounded a proposal by the UK government to cull thousands of grey seals off the coast of Scotland. The book was adopted by Aberdeen University as a conservation and zoology textbook, cementing Lister-Kaye's reputation as a writer on nature and wildlife and career in the Highlands.
Lister-Kaye's second autobiographical work, The Seeing Eye: Notes of a Highland Naturalist, which was published by Allen Lane in 1979, continues the story of his life from when he left Eilean Bàn in 1970 up until his purchase of Aigas in 1976. In his third, the best-sellingSong of the Rolling Earth: A Highland Odyssey, published in 2003, Lister-Kaye chronicles the place Aigas from the Bronze Age to development of Aigas Field Centre from its humble beginnings to what has become Scotland's premier field centre, winning international awards for environmental education and hosting travel study groups from all over the world. The book's success was to establish Lister-Kaye as one of the UK's foremost nature writers.
A novel One for Sorrow followed in 1994 published by Balnain. It is a real life environmental saga, murder mystery based in the Highlands. In 2003 Lister-Kaye was appointed a Times columnist; as well as contributing features and articles to a wide variety of publications. A subsequent technical paper discussing land use paper for Scottish Natural Heritage, 'Ill Fares the Land' predicted the demise of the Highlands forecasting is current ecological predicament. A foreword by HRH The Prince of Wales did nothing to alleviate his concerns, despite sharing a profound interest in organic sustainability for landscape cultivation.
Lister-Kaye's seventh book is the sequel to Song of the Rolling Earth, 'Nature's Child – Encounters with Wonders of the Natural World' (Time Warner 2004), and is about exciting expeditions and adventures with his youngest daughter Hermione. His eighth is 'At the Water's Edge' published by Canongate in 2010, subtitled 'A Personal Quest for Wildness.'
In 2000, to celebrate the millennium Lister-Kaye took ten members of his family and Aigas Field centre staff on an expedition to follow the footsteps of Laurens van der Post's across the Kalahari Desert (recounted in Nature's Child). In 2008, with his son Warwick and daughter Hermione, Lister-Kaye mounted a private Land Rover expedition up 8,000 miles of Africa's Great Rift Vally from Malawi to Ethiopia to explore and write about the human ecology of the seven countries they passed through. They returned to Scotland in time for the official opening in 2009 of Aigas Field Centre's new environmental education centre by Prince Charles, Duke of Rothesay, and the Duchess of Rothesay.
In 1989 Lister-Kaye was appointed to the board of the Nature Conservancy Council, later the Nature Conservancy Council for Scotland (1990) and was appointed the first Regional chairman for the Highlands & Islands of Scotland for Scottish Natural Heritage in 1991. He has also served as Chairman of the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds in Scotland, President of the Scottish Wildlife Trust, the Forestry Commission, and the UK's Environmental Training Agency, and is Vice-President of the Association for the Protection of Rural Scotland.
In 1983 John Lister-Kaye was awarded the Wilderness Society's Gold Award for environmental education for the work of his field studies centre. In 2003 he was appointed OBE for services to the Scottish environment, in 1995 received an honorary doctorate from the University of Stirling and was awarded Honorary Membership of the Scottish Wildlife Trust. In 2006 he received an honorary doctorate from the University of St Andrews, and was made a Vice-President of the RSPB.[9]
Own publications[edit]
The White Island. Longman. 1972. ISBN 0-582-10903-5.
Seal Cull: The Grey Seal Controversy. Penguin Books. 1979. ISBN 0-14-052336-7. (paperback)
The Seeing Eye: Notes of a Highland Naturalist. Allen Lane. 1980. ISBN 0-7139-1306-1. (illustrated by Sarah Norton)
Ill Fares The Land – A Sustainable Land Ethic for the Sporting Estates of the Highlands and Islands (Occasional Paper No. 3). Scottish Natural Heritage. 1994.
One for Sorrow. Balnain Books. 1994. ISBN 1-872557-36-8.
Song of the Rolling Earth: A Highland Odyssey. Time Warner Books. 2003. ISBN 0-316-86176-6.
Nature's Child. Little Brown. 2004. ISBN 0-316-72731-8.
At The Water's Edge, A Personal Quest for Wildness. Canongate. 2010. ISBN 978-1-84767-404-3.
Gods of the Morning: A Bird's Eye View of a Highland Year. Canongate Books. 2015. ISBN 978-1782114154.
Primary sources[edit]
Lister-Kaye, John (1972). The White Island. Longman. ISBN 0-582-10903-5.
Lister-Kaye, John (1980). The Seeing Eye. Allen Lane. ISBN 0-7139-1306-1.
Lister-Kaye, John (2004). Song of the Rolling Earth. Abacus. ISBN 0-349-11761-6.
^ a b c Song of the Rolling Earth p. 18.
^ Song of the Rolling Earth p. 35.
^ The White Island p. 2.
^ The Seeing Eye p. 13.
^ The Seeing Eye p. 145.
^ Song of the Rolling Earth p. 176.
^ Biography on Aigas Field Centre website Archived 29 May 2006 at the Wayback Machine
Aigas Field Centre Website
Biography of Aigas founder John Lister-Kaye
Interview on Life Changing Books website
Mentioned in Hansard
Mentioned in the Scottish Parliament
The Eilean Bàn Trust
Baronetage of the United Kingdom
John Christopher Lister Lister-Kaye Baronet
(of Grange)
1982–present Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Lister-Kaye&oldid=898035483"
British nature writers
English writers
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
English male writers
EngvarB from August 2014


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An Advocacy and Endurance Journey in Hemophilia A: Introducing Johnathan Duddleston
One of the privileges of working with Patient Advocacy is working directly with patients and patient organizations. The work helps to ensure people who are directly impacted by a condition, as well as those who care about them, are understood, respected, and considered in Bayer's decision-making process.
Bayer US - September 29th, 2021
In fact, ensuring this is central to Bayer's commitment. Sometimes interactions with patients and patient organizations gives us insight into the individual journeys of people affected by a condition as they seek health equity and better health outcomes. In hemophilia, the patient community is very well organized, and advocacy is not only integral to its capacity building efforts, but also to protecting and advancing the standard of care.
Johnathan's Story
I'd like to share a story of an individual who has been on a lifelong journey in hemophilia. His story touched me. I feel it is motivational and inspirational for all within the space and beyond. I was first introduced to Johnathan Duddleston as part of a global advisory panel to seek the perspectives of people with hemophilia and their caretakers on Bayer's global offerings to this community. Johnathan was chosen to represent the perspective of someone from the United States.
Johnathan, a young man from upstate New York, is the founder of the Factor Endurance Network, a not for profit foundation that seeks to empower people with hemophilia and other inherited bleeding disorders. Part of that empowerment includes achieving whatever levels of activity they aspire to achieve and advocating for themselves as they interact with their comprehensive care teams. But how did he get there?
Johnathan's journey starts about three decades ago, when he was first diagnosed with severe hemophilia A at the age of nine months. His family had no understanding of hemophilia. Johnathan's hemophilia was the result of a genetic mutation and was uncovered after he had profound bruising from blood draw attempts. In fact, at the time, he was removed from his home because of suspected child abuse. One can only imagine the fear and confusion his parents and family endured at that time. As a result, his mother became incredibly protective of her son.
As a young boy Johnathan desperately wanted to feel normal and participate in daily activities that other young people were experiencing.
Including sports. Fortunately, he became part of the hemophilia camp system and learned to infuse his prophylaxis regimen and became empowered to advocate for his wants and needs. Because of this and dialogues with his comprehensive care team, his parents saw he could do much more than was believed before. While he truly wanted to play football, it was agreed he could participate in soccer and other sports instead. And Johnathan excelled, becoming a very accomplished athlete. However, as often can happen, Johnathan's involvement in the hemophilia community became less and less as he was transitioning into adolescence and beyond.
He wanted to be able to share his personal and endurance journeys with others to help them to identify and then work towards their aspirations.
The Young Adult Years
During that break, Johnathan became more and more interested in endurance sports. He explored the potential for competing in triathlons, marathons, and iron man events. He further explored the value of muscular development to protect from joint damage and deterioration. This was also the time when a friend and mentor encouraged him to become more involved with the hemophilia community. Which he did! He started volunteering as a camp counselor and helped others to maximize that experience as they were learning to understand and manage their condition. But for Johnathan, this simply wasn't enough.
The Birth of Factor Endurance Network
Out of Johnathan's desire to give back, the Factor Endurance Network was born. Johnathan conceived of, created, and recruited members for this foundation. The members of the network are also endurance athletes who are not people with hemophilia or rare conditions. Rather, they are allies who support the notion that all people can aspire to do more as they set and achieve their personal goals.
While the foundation does not promote that all people with hemophilia, or other inherited bleeding disorders, should go on an endurance journey, it does encourage that people with hemophilia can achieve their aspirations once identified to show that all are capable of more, despite their diagnosis. It promotes having an authentic dialogue with the care team about those aspirations. Whether the desire is to be able to play with your children more, ride a bike longer or simply be more active, it is important to be part of the shared decision-making process with healthcare professionals. Johnathan works to empower people with hemophilia to talk with their treaters in an open way to facilitate personalized therapy to meet their needs, whatever those needs may be.
And this work has now taken on a global footprint. Johnathan, in his global work, understood that health disparities exist based on access to care and treatment across the globe. He works to empower patients to change the standard of care in places where that need is greatest. Johnathan's advocacy journey has allowed him to impact lives internationally and the foundation has given him a platform to help others in need.
Beyond the Factor Endurance Network to Ironman and More
In July of 2021, Johnathan reached an important milestone in his endurance journey as well. Johnathan competed in the Lake Placid Iron Man competition, which was his first. After multiple triathlons and his first marathon, this was an important goal he was striving to achieve. And his achievement was remarkable. Out of over 1,500 competitors, he finished in the top 20% overall, and his wife and two beautiful daughters were there to cheer them all on!
And Johnathan's advocacy is not limited to hemophilia. Johnathan is advocating for people marginalized through disability in his professional work as well. As an investigator for abuse and neglect for people with developmental disabilities in the group home setting, he gives back to the community professionally. It has indeed been a pleasure to learn from him. I am motivated by his willingness to be a part of the global hemophilia community.
Website: Facturenduranenetwork.com
Instagram: @factorendurancenetwork
Facebook: Factor Endurance Network
Email: factorendurancenetwork@outlook.com
You can keep track of his evolving journey by friending him on Facebook and learning more about the Factor Endurance Network.
Gregory Le Cleir
Deputy Director U.S. Advocacy Relations, U.S. Communications and Advocacy, Bayer U.S.
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Last Updated: Tuesday, January 11, 2022


This year, swyMed is honored to be chosen for the 2016 Innovation Showcase, which highlights up-and-coming movers and shakers in the telecommunications industry. Sponsored by the Telecom Council of Silicon Valley, the panel features 20 startups as selected by the organization's service provider and investor members based on innovation, viability, momentum, and management.
Honorees were invited to Santa Clara, California for a day of private meetings with telecommunications companies, vendor partner prospects, and investors. While there, swyMed COO/CCO Jeffrey Urdan met with representatives from international telcos, including British Telecommunications, Swisscom, Level3 Communications, Telefónica, and NTT, as well as U.S. household names such as Amazon, Sprint, Intel, Honda, and Ericsson. These global businesses were particularly interested in how they could partner with swyMed and leverage our core technology to better serve their clients.
As Urdan explained, being chosen for the Innovation Showcase is a great honor because the judges are established companies who are well-acquainted with the unique needs and restrictions of the telecommunications industry.
To learn more about the 2016 Innovation Showcase, visit the Telecom Council's site here.
To view a demo of swyMed, visit swyMed.com today!


text:
Home News Health Policy News A united approach to fighting COVID-19 in Europe
A united approach to fighting COVID-19 in Europe
© iStock-Yaraslau Saulevich
The European Commission has set out several actions to be taken across Europe to establish a united front in beating the COVID-19 virus.
The European Commission has called on its Member States to accelerate the roll out of vaccines so that at least 80% of those over 80 and 80% of health and social care workers are vaccinated by March this year. It has also called for 70% of the adult population across Europe to be vaccinated by the end of summer 2021.
Infection control measures such as physical distancing, limited social contact, and co-ordinated travel restrictions must also be continued, says the Commission, and Member States should increase COVID-19 testing and tracing, as well as genome sequencing in light of the new risks posed by new variants.
The actions have been set out by the European Commission, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), and the European Medicines Agency (EMA).
A united front
The European Commission has set up a Team Europe mechanism to structure the provision of vaccines shared by Member States with partner countries to ensure early access to COVID-19 vaccines. This will allow for sharing some of the 2.3 billion doses of the vaccines secured through the EU's Vaccines Strategy.
The European Commission and Member States should continue supporting COVAX, including through early access to vaccines. Team Europe has already mobilised €853m in support of COVAX – a global initiative working with vaccine manufacturers to provide countries with access to safe and effective vaccines – making the EU one of COVAX's biggest donors.
President of the European Commission, Ursula von der Leyen, said: "Vaccination is essential to get out of this crisis. We have already secured enough vaccines for the entire population of the European Union. Now we need to accelerate the delivery and speed up vaccination. Our aim is to have 70% of our adult population vaccinated by summer.
"That could be a turning point in our fight against this virus. However, we will only end this pandemic when everyone in the world has access to vaccines. We will step up our efforts to help secure vaccines for our neighbours and partners worldwide."
Controlling the infection
The Commission also says that a common approach to vaccination certificates should be agreed by the end of January 2021, which should be useable in health systems across the EU and beyond.
It has stated that cross-border infection control measures should be applied to help reduce the spread of the virus, such as hygiene and distancing measures in vehicles and terminuses, and all non-essential travel should be discouraged until the crisis has improved.
Researchers fight to have noma disease recognised by WHO
Sugar tax on soft drinks has reduced obesity levels in UK schoolchildren
The Lancet Countdown: climate change and health
Making mental health policy a core part of the EU agenda
Aligning the healthcare sector with global climate goals
Poor insecticide policy led to unnecessary malaria cases


If you would like to expand your search outside of Aussiedoodle puppies listed in Jackson, Tennessee, then perhaps you would be interested in the following puppies.
Check out some of the recently sold Aussiedoodle puppies in Jackson, Tennessee.
The current median price of Aussiedoodles in Jackson is $1,500.00. This is the price you can expect to pay for the Aussiedoodle breed without breeding rights. If you require a pup with breeding rights or for show quality with a top pedigree then expect to pay from $2,000 upwards to $2,500 or even more. The average cost for all Aussiedoodles sold in the Jackson area is $1,400.
We do not allow Jackson breeders, adoption centers, rescues or shelters to list Aussiedoodles for free in Jackson. Beware of scams: If you find a breeder in Jackson, Tennessee or an online advertisement on Craigslist advertising a litter of "puppies for free" or to a "good home for free" then run, do not walk away.
How are Aussiedoodles priced near the Jackson area?


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# pipestream
pipestream用于管理stream拼接串,无需按顺序依次pipe stream,且可以通过回调的方式动态插入stream,通过pipestream拼接的stream串可以作为一个对象传递。

# Installation
	$ npm install pipestream

#Example

- `pipeStream.xxx(dest, pipeOpts)` 如果设置了`pipeOpts = {end: false}`,上一个流执行结束后不会触发当前dest的end事件,但会触发dest的ending事件
- `pipeStream.pipe`一定要在最后调用,因为执行完pipeStream.pipe,再执行 `prepend, addHead`, `add`, `addTail`, `append` 对当前的stream串不起作用。

		var PipeStream = require('pipestream');
		var Transform = require('stream').Transform;

		/**测试prepend, addHead, add, addTail, append方法**/

		var pipeStream = new PipeStream();

		//1. //pipeStream.wrapStream(process.stdin); //PipeStream.wrap(process.stdin);
		pipeStream.wrapStream(process.stdout, true); //PipeStream.wrap(process.stdout, true);
		//2. //process.stdin.pipe(pipeStream);
		//3. //pipeStream.dest(process.stdout);

		var prepend = new Transform();
		prepend._transform = function(chunk, encoding, cb) {
			console.log('---------prepend-------');
			cb(null, chunk);
		};

		var addHead = new Transform();
		addHead._transform = function(chunk, encoding, cb) {
			console.log('---------addHead-------');
			cb(null, chunk);
		};

		var add = new Transform();
		add._transform = function(chunk, encoding, cb) {
			console.log('---------add-------');
			cb(null, chunk);
		};

		var addTail = new Transform();
		addTail._transform = function(chunk, encoding, cb) {
			console.log('---------addTail-------');
			cb(null, chunk);
		};

		var append = new Transform();
		append._transform = function(chunk, encoding, cb) {
			console.log('---------append-------');
			cb(null, chunk);
		};

		pipeStream.add(add/*, pipeOpts*/);
		pipeStream.addTail(addTail/*, pipeOpts*/);
		pipeStream.addHead(addHead/*, pipeOpts*/);
		pipeStream.prepend(prepend/*, pipeOpts*/);
		pipeStream.append(append/*, pipeOpts*/);

		//动态往stream串前面插入stream对象,放在头部最后一个
		pipeStream.addHead(function(src, next) {
			var dest = new Transform();
			dest._transform = function(chunk, encoding, cb) {
				console.log('---------async addHead-------');
				cb(null, chunk);
			};

			setTimeout(function() {
				next(src.pipe(dest));
			}, 1000);
		});

		//动态往stream串插入stream对象
		pipeStream.add(function(src, next) {
			var dest = new Transform();
			dest._transform = function(chunk, encoding, cb) {
				console.log('---------async add-------');
				cb(null, chunk);
			};

			setTimeout(function() {
				next(src.pipe(dest));
			}, 2000);
		});

		//动态往stream串尾部插入stream对象,放在尾部第一个
		pipeStream.addTail(function(src, next) {
			var dest = new Transform();
			dest._transform = function(chunk, encoding, cb) {
				console.log('---------async addTail-------');
				cb(null, chunk);
			};

			setTimeout(function() {
				next(src.pipe(dest));
			}, 3000);
		});

		//动态往stream串尾部插入stream对象,放在尾部最后一个
		pipeStream.append(function(src, next) {
			var dest = new Transform();
			dest._transform = function(chunk, encoding, cb) {
				console.log('---------async append-------');
				cb(null, chunk);
			};

			setTimeout(function() {
				next(src.pipe(dest));
			}, 4000);
		});

		//动态往stream串前面插入stream对象,放在头部第一个
		pipeStream.prepend(function(src, next) {
			var dest = new Transform();
			dest._transform = function(chunk, encoding, cb) {
				console.log('---------async prepend-------');
				cb(null, chunk);
			};

			setTimeout(function() {
				next(src.pipe(dest));
			}, 5000);
		});

		//1. //process.stdin.pipe(process.stdout);
		process.stdout.src(process.stdin);
		//2. //pipeStream.pipe(process.stdout);
		//3. //pipeStream.src(process.stdin);

		//process.stdin.pipe(pipeStream).pipe(process.stdout);

#API Reference

1. `PipeStream(options)` 跟正常的stream的options参数唯一区别是PipeStream多了一个pipeError的属性,用来标示是否整个pipeStream里面的stream串出现异常时把异常都传递给pipeStream.pipe(dest)里面的dest对象处理。
2. `pipeStreamObj.prepend(dest, pipeOpts)` 把dest放到stream串头部第一个位置,dest可以为一个回调方法,pipeStream会自动执行该回调方法,其上一个stream及执行下一步的回调,具体使用见Example
3. `pipeStreamObj.addHead(dest, pipeOpts)` 把dest放到stream串头部最后一个位置,dest同prepend方法
4. `pipeStreamObj.add(dest, pipeOpts)`、 `pipeStreamObj.insert(dest, pipeOpts, index)` 把dest放到stream串中间最后一个位置,dest同prepend方法
5. `pipeStreamObj.addTail(dest, pipeOpts)` 把dest放到stream串尾部第一个位置,dest同prepend方法
6. `pipeStreamObj.append(dest, pipeOpts)` 把dest放到stream串尾部最后一个位置,dest同prepend方法
7. `pipeStreamObj.pipe(dest, pipeOpts)` 同stream.pipe,执行这个方法后stream串将创建完毕,无法再往该stream串插入stream对象。
8. `pipeStreamObj.dest(dest, pipeOpts)` 相当于`pipeStreamObj.pipe`,这个要与`pipeStreamObj.src`一起使用,用于从dest-->src的顺序pipe stream
9. `pipeStreamObj.src(src, pipeOpts)` 相当于`src.pipe(pipeStreamObj, pipeOpts)`,执行该方法后,不能再调用prepend、append、add、addHead、addTail方法
10. pipe(pipeStreamObj, pipeOpts)`,这个与pipeStreamObj.dest一起使用,执行这个方法后stream串将创建完毕,无法再往该stream串插入stream对象。。
10. `PipeStream.Transform`  pipeStreamObj.add(`new PipeStream.Transform()`)相当于pipeStreamObj.add(`new require('stream').PassThrough({objectMode: 1}), {end: false}`),且在执行PipeStream.Transform.prototype._transform(chunk, encoding, cb)方法时,如果传过来的chunk为null,则表示这是最后一个回调,执行该回调后流将结束,无需再监听end事件。
11. `pipeStreamObj.wrapStream(stream, dest, pipeOpts)` `PipeStream.wrap(stream, dest, options)` 把stream转成pipeStream,dest表示为用于被pipe的stream,看示例。
12. `PipeStream.pipe(stream, pipeOpts)` 默认设置{end: false},且会加入ending事件。

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Even nowadays, websites and web applications offer poor usability experiences to both users and developers. I'm getting increasingly frustrated with sites and plugins which you sometimes even have to pay for, but don't provide (extendable) functionality which is actually usable. As a developer, I sometimes just cannot understand software behavior that has been coded deliberately that way. This ever-growing blog can be seen as both a rant, as well as a note to self how NOT to do it.


text:
Oregon Zoo releases critters
The Oregon Zoo released 18 of its tiniest critters Tuesday— Oregon silverspot butterflies reared at the zoo. It was the culmination of a summer-long release of 850 of the endangered butterflies, as part of a strategy to stabilize their population.
"We're putting more butterflies into the ecosystem in hopes that they'll breed with wild butterflies and avoid local extinction," says Mary Jo Andersen, the zoo's lead butterfly keeper.
Once common along the Oregon coast, the Oregon silverspot was listed as threatened by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in 1980 — one of two Oregon butterflies listed as threatened or endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. By the 1990s, the species could only be found in four locations in the state.
"They face a lot of obstacles," Andersen says. "Development, motor vehicles, bad weather, pesticides, invasive species, natural predators like spiders.…"
In addition to releasing pupae, the Oregon Zoo raises and plants thousands of early blue violets, which serve as habitat for the Oregon silverspot.
"When the caterpillars hatch, they're tiny — just about the size of Abe Lincoln's nose on a penny," Andersen says. "But they will eat more than 300 nickel-sized violet leaves before they're ready to pupate."
The zoo works in partnership with Seattle's Woodland Park Zoo, the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Mission Creek Corrections Center for Women and the Portland-based Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation to help rear endangered butterflies and release them into the open.
Steve Law can be reached at 503-546-5139 or This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.


text:
#ifndef PARAMETERREMAPPTTOPOINTER_H
#define PARAMETERREMAPPTTOPOINTER_H

#include "dtoolbase.h"

#include "parameterRemap.h"

class CPPType;
class CPPStructType;

/**
 * A ParameterRemap class that handles remapping a PT(Type) or PointerTo<Type>
 * to a Type *.
 */
class ParameterRemapPTToPointer : public ParameterRemap {
public:
  ParameterRemapPTToPointer(CPPType *orig_type);

  virtual void pass_parameter(std::ostream &out, const std::string &variable_name);
  virtual std::string get_return_expr(const std::string &expression);
  virtual std::string temporary_to_return(const std::string &temporary);

private:
  CPPType *_pointer_type;
};

#endif


text:
ICC T20 World Cup: 7 pace bowlers who could represent India
ICC T20 World Cup 2022 – The 8th edition of the ICC T20 World Cup is just less than 5 months away and we are looking at the possible pace bowlers who can represent India in the tournament.
The tournament was inaugurated in 2007 with India winning the tournament under the new captain MS Dhoni. Since then, India hasn't won the tournament and they would want to end this drought.
The old saying in cricket is that "Batsmen win you matches, but bowlers win you tournament".
The Indian team has so many pace bowlers at the international level and in the IPL who has done well to keep themselves in contention for the T20 World Cup 2022 in Australia.
We will see some of the pacers who could represent India in the tournament based on their performance at all levels (including IPL).
The first player who comes on this list is J Bumrah. He is a sure-shot pacer in the team and one of the main members of the Indian team over the last few years, not in T20Is but in all formats.
He can bowl in the powerplay, in the middle overs, and in the death overs as well. Whenever captains need wickets, they throw the ball in J Bumrah's hand and he will deliver so many times.
He is the leader of the bowling attack and will definitely play a key role in the tournament if India wants to win.
In the last few years, a few injuries keep him out of the game but still, he is a class bowler and he has so much experience in playing a high-pressure tournament.
He can swing the new ball and he is an outstanding death ball bowler. If he keeps himself fit, he will be one of the bowlers along with J Bumrah in the playing XI.
Deepak Chahar (ICC T20 World Cup 2022)
Right now, he is ahead of B Kumar when it comes to choosing only one of the two in the playing XI. He missed the last IPL due to injury, but he has done well for CSK over the last few years. He is one of the reasons for CSK's success.
D Chahar can swing the new ball and bowled the most overs in the powerplay. The pacer took early wickets which dent the batting teams planning to go big in the end. (ICC T20 World Cup 2022)
If B Kumar is not in his rhythm, he will be the option team India will look for in the future.
We hope that he will recover from his injury soon and play some of the bilateral series so we can see how he is performing.
Mohammad Shami
A gun bowler and a wicket-taker, M Shami will be one of the bowlers in the WC for India. M Shami has improved so much when it comes to death overs. He is a hit the deck kind of a bowler and hit those hard lengths where batsmen find it difficult to play.
The pacer has a sharp bouncer and is quick off the wicket as well. The grounds in Australia are big and he will enjoy bowling there.
If conditions allow, he will be one of the options teams India will look for in playing XI.
Harshal Patel
He has been a revelation in the last two years for RCB in the Indian Premier League (IPL). His ability to bowl slower balls and dipping yorkers makes life difficult for the batters. Those deliveries are hard to pick and he can be one of the bowlers in the death overs for India in WC 2022. In the last two years in the IPL, he has taken 51 wickets for RCB. In the IPL 2021, he equaled the record of being the highest wicket-taker in a single season with DJ Bravo.
He can be one of the bowlers who can be in the squad for the T20 WC 2022 in Australia. (ICC T20 World Cup 2022)
He can bat as well which gives another dimension to the team.
T Natarajan
The yorker specialist T Natarajan missed most of the cricket after playing all three formats on the Australia tour in 2021 due to injury.
He could be the partner of J Bumrah in the death overs. His ability to nail those yorkers help the team to restrict the team to score runs freely in the last few overs. Also, he brings variety to the bowling attack being a left-arm pacer.
Umran Malik
The pace sensation U Malik delivers as per the expectations of the SRH franchise. They have shown faith in him by retaining him ahead of Rashid Khan and he didn't disappoint. (ICC T20 World Cup 2022)
He took 22 wickets in 14 games he played at an average of 20.18. He took a 5-for against Gujrat Titans (GT) as well.
The team mostly used him as an enforcer and he took so many wickets in the middle overs. This is the role mostly given to the spinners in T20 cricket. He bowled fast and hurry the batsmen with his pace.
He is now picked for the 5-match T20I series against South Africa. We will see more of him in international cricket in the near future.
He can be one of the bowlers in the T20 WC 2022 if he does well consistently.
These are the few bowlers who can represent India in the T20 World Cup in Australia. There are some other fringe players in contention who have done well in the domestic circuit and in the IPL like P Krishna, Avesh Khan, and Arshdeep Singh, but right now, we have picked those players who had an impact on their teams.
You never know what will happen in the next 5 months, we might see some new faces and one of the players maybe will have an outside chance as the WC comes.
We shall find out in a few months. Till then, keep reading the article and follow us for the latest sports-related updates.
bhuvneshwar kumar, bowlers, deepak chahar, harshal patel, icc t20 india full squad, icc t20 indian team, icc t20 indian team captain, icc t20 world cup, icc t20 world cup 2022, indian cricket, indian pace bowlers, jasprit bumrah, mohammad shami, pace bowler, pace bowlers, t natrajan, team india, umran malik


text:
"use strict";

exports.mainJsDoIt = function (n) {
  // console.log(`now in mainJsDoIt`);
  console.log('mainJsDoIt: hi');
  // debugger;
  return "hello";
};


text:
Eye For Film >> Features >> Heritage, opera and war
Heritage, opera and war
Don Rosenfeld on the Cook sisters and working with Emma Thompson and Cate Blanchett
Don Rosenfeld on Cate Blanchett and Emma Thompson: "They've never been in a movie together. I think they need to be." Photo: Anne-Katrin Titze
Over sea bass at Sette Mezzo on New York's Upper East Side, Don Rosenfeld, founder of Sovereign Films (with Andreas Roald) and the former head of Merchant Ivory Productions, discussed with me his upcoming projects and the twisting history behind filming Kazuo Ishiguro's The Remains Of The Day, which included Mike Nichols, Anjelica Huston, Jonathan Pryce, Anthony Hopkins, Susan Sarandon, Harold Pinter, Ruth Prawer Jhabvala, and James Ivory.
Emma Thompson and Anthony Hopkins in Remains Of The Day
Rosenfeld, who worked as producer on Howards End, The Remains Of The Day, and Richard Laxton's Effie Gray (starring and written by Emma Thompson), sees her teaming up with Cate Blanchett (who narrated Terrence Malick's fantastic Voyage Of Time: Life's Journey) on a film idea brought to him by theater producer Bryan Bantry that will be written by Isabelle Vincent.
Don Rosenfeld in our conversation told me about the Cook sisters, Ida (aka romance novelist Mary Burchell) and Louise, two unmarried opera loving civil service secretaries, who ended up being honored as Righteous among the Nations by the Yad Vashem Martyrs and Heroes Remembrance Authority in Israel and posthumously became two of 27 to be named British Hero of the Holocaust.
Anne-Katrin Titze: One of the films you are planning to produce is about the Cook sisters.
Don Rosenfeld: I started producing it. It's going to come from a book because there is so much research to be done. No one knows all the details yet. A writer independently of me. I've optioned the book before it exists. It's underway. At John Murray in England and I think Knopf here. It doesn't really have a title yet but it's the story of the Cook sisters in those years, sort of '30 to '45. And that takes you through the whole war.
On Emma Thompson for Remains Of The Day: "You've got Hopkins and Thompson back again. And then she got nominated [for an Oscar]." Photo: Anne-Katrin Titze
AKT: From 1930 to 1945?
DR: Yes. It takes place during those 15 years. I doubt that we'll see them later or earlier. The key years, the dominant years are '34 to '39 where they are actively for five years helping people and attending the symphony and the opera all over Austria and Germany. Throughout the war! It's just crazy. I think two trips to America too, just before that on the boat. And they meet opera stars there. I mean they're real fans and they have a real love of music.
AKT: An extension of Mata Hari in a way?
DR: Yeah, to two spinsters.
AKT: Did you see the Hedy Lamarr documentary Bombshell?
DR: Not yet. I really want to see it. I love her.
AKT: It's all these fascinating stories of women during that time that we did not know. We had no idea what they were doing on the side. Because people didn't believe them, because, in Hedy Lamarr's case, they just wanted to watch her and not hear about her mind and her inventions.
DR: Right. That's so interesting.
AKT: In your case with the Cooks - Cate Blanchett and Emma Thompson you want to play the sisters?
James Ivory directed Howards End and The Remains Of The Day Photo: Anne-Katrin Titze
DR: I think they would be great. They've never been in a movie together. I think they need to be.
AKT: They need to be!
DR: I've only briefly worked with Cate who did the voice-over for Voyage Of Time. But Emma, obviously, we go way back.
AKT: She also wrote the script for Effie Gray.
DR: And she was also in Effie [Gray], yeah. And Howards End. I pushed her for Remains Of The Day. The studio who controlled the domestic rights before we started, because they owned the book, we basically got the book from them. It was going to be like an 80 minute movie with Mike Nichols directing. They wanted Anjelica Huston to play the Emma part and Jonathan Pryce to play him. Because those were the two actors of the moment. Isn't that wild? I said, well, we didn't use Pinter's script. Ruth [Prawer Jhabvala] rewrote it. We were kind of stuck with them and they said "we don't want Emma Thompson." And we said, "you are crazy".
They had Jim Ivory meet Susan Sarandon. They thought she would be the next choice after Anjelica if we didn't like Anjelica. I like Anjelica, I'm just saying that that's not who we wanted for the part. It involved Jim - I remember the day we were meeting her. And she got to the meeting and they said she's gone to ABC Carpet and he followed her through a few floors while she said yes and no to them for the decorator and barely talked to him.
He said he could tell then that, no, he didn't want to work with her on Remains Of The Day and would never work with her on anything else again. It was one of those bizarre situations with actors. I don't know what happens. But we eventually got Emma. The best way to convince Columbia was when we said - think of it as a sequel. You've got Hopkins and Thompson back again. And then she got nominated. So of course they felt like they were geniuses. But they really didn't want her. I'm glad that we pushed for her because she's incredible in it.
On Cate Blanchett: "'I've only briefly worked with Cate who did the voice-over for Voyage Of Time." Photo: Anne-Katrin Titze
AKT: And for the Cook sisters?
DR: It's not ready yet. She will write it. I mean I didn't ask her to write it. I mean, I'll ask her to be in it. I haven't yet because I want to give her the script. I always wait for the script to give an actor. Because I feel they can't really say anything yet. The script is being written alongside the research of the book.
AKT: Because there is more to the history that you don't know about?
DR: There is so much more. The book will come out before anybody writes the script. Before it comes out in the stores, the writer will have the book in hand.
AKT: Two sisters, because they love music so much get to help musicians out of Nazi Germany?
DR: Not really. They basically love music so much that they go to the height of culture in music in that era which would have been Vienna, Salzburg, Bayreuth, Berlin, even Munich. Hard to think about when you realise the cultural desecration of the Nazis. Their low regard for high culture and what evil thugs they were. Unthinkable what they did but in that process, I'm thinking of the second year of going there, they [the Cooks] watched the rise of Nazism.
Merchant Ivory Gold at New York's Quad Cinema in December Photo: Anne-Katrin Titze
They saw Kristallnacht on a trip. They said we got to do something. They'd start talking to musicians who were threatened. First of all they had to start wearing the stars. So many of the opera singers, musicians and directors and conductors were Jews. And composers. So they [the Cooks] saw that. They hadn't quite been deported to camps yet but by the late Thirties they started to watch that. But they just knew they had to help. The only way to get them to England which was the place they could help them most was to prove that they had funds. But the Germans under Hitler wouldn't let you get out any.
AKT: So what did they do?
DR: They started carrying things out that were valuable. Small paintings and jewels. They'd come with very little and fill their bags. And they were unlikely smugglers. They really were fairly humble spinsters.
AKT: I've read that the best spies, the best private detectives, are women around their sixties who are made up to look nondescript. People don't notice them and do not suspect them.
DR: The Cooks were really younger, but it was also their expertise. Their passion was the best [answer to the question] "Why are you here?" "Oh this is costume jewelry - we wear it every time to the opera." You know what I mean? They didn't check the diamonds. They would wear all this stuff. They'd come very cold on the plane, they didn't even bring coats so they could wear three or four fur coats back. Because they could sell them for them. So 29 people they got out that way.
Emma Thompson and Anthony Hopkins in Howards End
AKT: 29 people?
DR: Yeah. And what they started in England was getting guarantees for people, hundreds of people. And other people operating out of Frankfurt and other cities would rely on their guarantees. So they get friends to sign guarantees.
AKT: How did you hear about them? Their operation?
DR: I heard about it from a fellow named Bryan Bantry who is a theatre producer and an old friend. A friend of 30 years, 40 years, whatever it is, a long time. He said "This reminds me of one of your movies. But you haven't made it yet."
AKT: That's a good way to say it.
DR: I became immediately fascinated with it. We've broken through to various archives and found things. There are also two files in the CIA and two files at MI6 that are not open. They're all redacted. So we're trying to get that material. One of the reasons could be that as people were being helped out of Germany often there were people who were double agents.
There were people who were actual Nazis who came here and we used their value somewhere after the war. In a kind of economic reorganisation and the Marshall Plan. So some of those files could have things like that. Some of the people they might have encountered. There's probably some sensitive thing there. They [the Cook sisters] supposedly burned their letters. This is what they claim. Which is strange too for an average person.
AKT: Yes, it is.
DR: But we have the other side of those letters, often. We just don't have their letter back and forth.
AKT: So there might be an entire treasure trove still out there?
DR: There might be. I mean, the two articles I did, 37 people have come forward so far.
AKT: So we'll see if more people come with information on the Cooks after seeing our conversation at Eye For Film.
DR: Yeah. It's pretty exciting. We love this film. I produce it with Andreas Roald at Sovereign Films. He's my producing partner on all these. He's an ex Norwegian TV star, turned producer. He is a vital complement to all I do. We really share everything. It's been amazing.
Merchant Ivory Gold - five films directed by James Ivory runs from December 23 through December 28 at the Quad Cinema in New York.


text:
By Napoleon Hill
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Description and Overview
Think and Grow Rich by Napoleon Hill, promoted as a personal development and self-improvement book. Hill writes that he was inspired by a suggestion from business magnate and later-philanthropist Andrew Carnegie.
While the book's title and much of the text concerns increasing income, the author insists that his philosophy can help people succeed in any line of work, to do and be anything they can imagine. First published during the Great Depression, the book by Hill's death in 1970 had sold more than 20 million copies. By 2015 more than 100 million copies had been sold worldwide.
It remains the biggest seller of Napoleon Hill's books. BusinessWeek magazine's Best-Seller List ranked it the sixth best-selling paperback business book 70 years after it was published. Think and Grow Rich is listed in John C. Maxwell's A Lifetime "Must Read" Books List. (Source Wikipedia)
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