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Home News Historian wearies of one-sided war
Historian wearies of one-sided war
HISTORY is written by the winners, they say, and expatriate World War I historian Peter Barton is sick of it and plans to say so publicly at the War Memorial on Tuesday, July 1.
He will use the free public lecture to advocate historical research that actually compares our side's version of events to the mountain of detailed records kept by the enemy, something he says had "simply never happened" before he did it recently.
World War I historian Peter Barton… "You look at the Allied record and the German record and they're very different; they tell a different story."
"We don't even look at the German side of things at all and what I've found is that Allied narrators and recorders have exaggerated and embellished and estimated to such an extent that it's not valueless, but it has a greatly diminished value until you corroborate it with the German records," says Barton, down the line from his UK home.
He says his latest book, which is published on the day of the Canberra lecture, does "something no other book has ever done, and that is to tell a corroborated story" about the battle of Fromelles on the Western Front, in which 5533 Australians were killed in 14 hours. It's often called the worst day in our military history.
"What we've had for a hundred years now is one side of the story. Although the information from the German side exists and can corroborate what the Allies say, no-one has looked at their primary sources, and the Germans tell a very different story to the British and the Australians."
Barton says his book contains a lot of groundbreaking new information about the fighting at Fromelles showing previous historians got the story wrong in lots of ways.
"For example the Australians did not adhere to their orders, that's perfectly clear. In one part of the front they ended up with a line which was perpendicular to the one which they were ordered to take up. That's not in any previous history."
He says a popular view he once adhered to, that Allied commanders were incompetent, is also wrong.
"[The officers] were not to blame, really. The Germans were to blame. They were just very, very well organised."
It seems the Germans were better organised in data collection as well and did so more dispassionately. Barton says their "monumental" war archives are far more detailed than anything here or in the UK, allowing him to follow actions such as the battle of Fromelles literally minute by minute.
With the Centenary of World War I already upon us and not going anywhere for the next four years, the historian argues a wholesale revision of its history is "absolutely necessary".
"I mean, I've looked at lots of other actions as well – tiny ones and bigger ones – and none of them seem to conform. You look at the Allied record and the German record and they're very different; they tell a different story and in order for us to have a better form of truth then we must have this corroborated history. Without it we're just fumbling around in the dark, really.
"I've been a World War I historian for a long time now and looking at the German records just tells me how little I know about it… they change your perceptions of the entire war.
"It's as if for a century, we haven't needed the German story, but once you start looking into it you realise how utterly essential it is to our understanding. We've got faulty perceptions of the operational side of World War I and it is the operational side that created the personal legacies that everybody commemorates today."
"The Lost Legions of Fromelles" (Allen & Unwin) by Peter Barton is published on July 1.
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Simon June 25, 2014 at 9:25 pm
'5533 dead in 14 hours': not so. The word 'casualties' describes the numbers absent from the roll when called. It includes the dead, but also the wounded and missing. There were about 1900 dead out of that figure. Bad enough, but no need to give a false impression by inadvertant exaggeration.
Sastry.M November 10, 2018 at 4:39 pm
The Allied nations are celebrating their great victory over Germany in the Great World War-1 and gloating over their glories ever since with clapping in air with palms of one sided weaving. But all the many million human bodies that gruesomely fell during the great war on either side never knew the truth,being blinded and deafened by the din of campaign. But the human soul seeks and knows the truth and kindles the many kindred minds of historians like Peter Barton to probe dispassionately into events recorded in history keeping the human angle of suffering and destitution during wars as the view of particular interest and enlighten humanity to inculcate circumspection in victory by the winning side and display compassion to the defeated.
Dave K November 11, 2018 at 2:50 pm
I read book called 1914 Germany not guilty .Very enlightening as to the guilt of others starting ww1,something like David Irving and the IHR and their research into who really started to ww2,
Charles Frey November 12, 2018 at 11:39 am
01 Lev Davidovich Brownshtein, aka Trotsky, gave rip-roaring speeches to overflow crowds in Madison Square Gardens, on how he and cohorts were traveling to Petrograd, in order to overthrow the February Kerensky Provisional Government.
02 On April 3, 1917, Captain Makin of the RN in Halifax, arrested Trotsky, wife, two sons and five fellow travelers off the SS Kristianiafjord and interned T in Amherst, Nova Scotia POW Camp. On board, they had been shadowed by several British Secret Service agents.
03 On April 29, 1917, all were released and allowed to continue en route to Petrograd. With a reported 10,000 in their pockets; probably from Jakob Schiff, CEO of Kuen Loeb & Co., Wall Street bankers: whose extensive, funding circles referred to the impending Bolshevik Revolution as OUR THING.
04 The Bolsheviks sued for the Peace of Brest Litovsk. The Kaiser left a garrison and redeployed nearly a million men against the western Allies: hence so many deaths so late in the war.
05 Major Maclean had founded Canada's major news magazine Macleans. The Toronto Reference Library guards a copy of June, 1918, of the then monthly editions, in which he wrote an article entitled: Why Did We Let Trotsky Go ?. In it he calls our politicians in Ottawa traitors to our boys in the field.
06 Indeed who organized their release ???
07 This is not hidden in some German WW I files, but comes from the extensive files held by the Canadian Archives in Ottawa, of which I have many copies at home. Including the three pages on which he signs himself into Amherst: right thumb print and all.
08 What else is being withheld from you and for what reasons ???
Charles Frey November 13, 2018 at 4:54 pm
Another thing I came across in the Canadian Archives, is the fact, that Schiff's group of Manhattan Bankers funded ca. 2,000 individuals from that area, to travel to Petrograd, in order to assist with the so-called Russian revolution.
They travelled from the NYC area via train to Chicago, surveilled all the way by the NYC Bomb Squad, a sort of forerunner of the FBI. From there they went to Winnipeg, where the then Dominion Police continued their surveillance.
Thence, via train, to Vancouver, where they boarded a liner to Yokohama. The liner's captain was obliged to issue side arms to his crew because of the conduct of these bought revolutionaries, who invaded second and first class decks from steerage.
Upon his return, said Captain sent quite the report to Ottawa and his company headquarters; also in the Archives.
Then, again via a sea voyage, to Vladivostok and by train to Petrograd.
I forget the name of the famous British agent there at the time [ Riley ?] who wrote to London of all these hitherto unknown faces on the streets of Petrograd, comparatively well dressed, with red carnations in their lapels and amply funded, spending their nights in pubs.
In other words all the trappings of a " genuine " popular revolution.
Kerensky was the only person among his Provisional Government, not arrested by the Bolsheviks. He spent the rest of his life in a luxury apartment on Manhattan's exorbitantly priced Upper East Side, on 92nd Street. Also paid for by the Bankers for his well-off-Broadway production of the first Act of this pre-planned two Act show ?
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Q: create join with many to many table in linq I have two tables students and lessons tables. I made a many to many connection in entityframeworkcore code first. When I run migration it created automatically a join table LessonStudent table. Holds studentId and LessonId. But I need to get all students with lessons using Linq. Efcore 5 is using. I find find any common thing between student and lesson table.
 public List<Student> GetAllStudents()
        {
            using (context db= new context())
            {
                var result = from s in db.Students
                             join l in db.Lessons

                             on s.Lessons.FirstOrDefault() equals l.LessonCode
                             select new
                             {
                                lessonCode = l.LessonCode,
                                studentAge = s.Age,
                                studentName = s.Name
                             };

            }
        }

    public class Student
    {

        public int StudentId { get; set; }
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public int Age { get; set; }

        public ICollection<Lesson> Lessons { get; set; }
    }

    public class Lesson
    {
        public int LessonId { get; set; }
        public string LessonCode { get; set; }
        public ICollection<Student> Students { get; set; }
    }

Edit solution
I did it with this solution. If anyone wants to solve like this problem answer below. EFcore 5.0 did all mapping this
            select new Student
          { Lessons = s.Lessons, Age = s.Age, Name = s.Name };
          return result.ToList();

A: What you need is db.Students.SelectMany(s => s.Lessons, (s, l) => ...).
The query expression equivalent is using multiple from expressions:
var result =
    from s in db.Students
    from l in s.Lessons // relevant change here
    select new
    {
        lessonCode = l.LessonCode,
        studentAge = s.Age,
        studentName = s.Name
    };

Working example: https://dotnetfiddle.net/GLTtfa

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


On March 30 Reshetnev University held a Welcome Day for prospective students.
Over 1000 prospective students and their parents visited the University on this day.
The program for the Welcome Day included various quests, contests and practical workshops, as well as information sessions on training programs offered by each institute and faculty.
Members of the International Students Club prepaired a cross-cultural quiz and taught all guests how to write in Chinese characters.
In addition to this, they told about the activities the International Students Club is involved in and what benefits await all prospective students upon being enrolled to Reshetnev University.
At last, all participants were given gifts with Reshetnev University logo.


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Is Global Warming Causing the Diabetes Epidemic?
Posted on September 7, 2016 | Comments Off on Is Global Warming Causing the Diabetes Epidemic?
You'll want to keep reading if you have diabetes and are sedentary and overweight or obese, because odds are good that you have insulin resistance. Insulin resistance makes it harder to control your blood sugars.
"It looks like we can add cold exposure to the list of interventions that increase insulin sensitivity.
Type 2 diabetes is positively associated with ambient temperature. The warmer the weather, the more diabetes. Up to about 30% of the variation in diabetes can be explained by temperature.
Curiously, no effect of temperature was seen on obesity, although other studies have found that there is one.
The authors believe that activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) may contribute to this effect. BAT is a type of fat tissue that increases its metabolism for the sole purpose of generating body heat.
Cold thermogenesis has many health benefits, although helping you to lose weight probably isn't one of them, for the same reason that aerobic exercise is not very effective for weight loss.
The connection between cold exposure and insulin sensitivity isn't just an association either: acclimation to the cold causes a substantial increase in insulin sensitivity.


One of our Fierce predictions this year is that diversity and inclusion initiatives and programs will continue to grow. With the current global and political climate, it is becoming known that the convergence of competing views can be volatile when the skills are absent and the expectations are not set. The goal is to foster inclusion in the workplace, and furthermore, to ensure individual workers do not feel marginalized, unsupported, or unwanted.
Companies in the top quartile for racial and ethnic diversity are 35 percent more likely to have financial returns above their respective national industry medians.
Companies in the top quartile for gender diversity are 15 percent more likely to have financial returns above their respective national industry medians.
Companies in the bottom quartile both for gender and for ethnicity and race are statistically less likely to achieve above-average financial returns than the average companies in the data set (that is, bottom-quartile companies are lagging rather than merely not leading).
While hiring decisions may not be the way you influence your organization's diversity and inclusion initiatives, their implications live everywhere. Ask yourself these questions, leaders. Are you including people who are different than you on your project teams? Are you discussing decisions with the people who are impacted? Are you checking in on your emotional wake?
It is key for leaders to not only maintain the well-being of their employees, but to ensure that their workplace is one that fosters acceptance and diversity across the board. This starts with you.
This week's tip is to be inclusive in your conversations. This is not just through one conversation, but through everyday conversations. That means open and honest discussions with colleagues, employees, or your boss…with everyone.
When you don't agree with someone, get curious and ask questions.
When someone is talking, actively listen. Check for understanding.
Don't assume anything about others. If you don't know, ask.
When someone around you is not being inclusive, it is important to address issues head on when there are individuals being excluded. It can be uncomfortable, and those conversations truly can enrich relationships.
To bring the diversity and inclusion concepts to life, I am thrilled to announce that tomorrow, Fierce is kicking off the 2017 NW Diversity Learning Series, by the Institute for Sustainable Diversity and Inclusion's (ISDI). ISDI is a non-profit organization established for the purpose of educating, supporting and collaborating with key stakeholders on ways to leverage differences and practice inclusion to enhance individual and organizational success. Our Vice President of Learning, Clark Witten, will be leading the first session on conversations. Specifically, the session is meant to assist in building the courage to have disruptive conversations, and highlight the role these have in our ability to engage with others in ways that enrich relationships and produce results.


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Apart from the above topics, the journal will accept articles in stem cell biology covering basic, clinical, biotechnology, regulatory, and ethical aspects of embryonic and adult stem cells, fate choice, specific lineage and cloning issues, and diseases where stem cell anomalies play a key role and related matters. Original articles are expected to provide novel insights based on new data. Reviews, commentaries and hypotheses should provide syntheses of current concepts in the field and discuss emerging issues and controversies.
Computational and experimental research programs are currently identifying thousands of putative functional elements (e.g., genes and regulatory sequences) based on their sequence properties; however, new, robust, high-throughput methods are needed to carry out functional assays to determine whether and how these elements operate to determine cell states, in development, and in health and disease. Current Trends in Genetics and Development publishes the very highest quality research in human studies, as well as research on model organisms—from mice and flies, to plants and bacteria. It encompasses genetic and functional genomic studies on human and plant traits and on other model organisms. Current emphasis is on the genetic basis for common and complex diseases and on the functional mechanism, architecture and evolution of gene networks, studied by experimental perturbation.
Current Trends in Genetics and Development publishes the papers covering a wide range of topics in all aspects of human molecular genetics. These include: the molecular basis of human genetic disease, developmental genetics, cancer genetics, agricultural genomics, genes in the pathology of human disease, neurogenetics, chromosome and genome structure and function, developmental genetics, regulatory variation in gene expression, therapy of genetic disease, genome evolution, stem cells in human genetic disease and therapy, including the application of iPS cells, genome-wide association studies, mouse and other models of human diseases, functional genomics, computational genomics.
The aim of the journal is to provide a service to the scientific community by publishing all types of scientific papers on latest trends in Genetics. Our editorial board attests to the journal established reputation as essential reading for all those interested in the molecular themes of genetics, differentiation and development. Current Trends in Genetics and Development readers use the journal to keep up with the latest developments in both their own and related fields, and as a valuable resource for teaching.


Hope Thanksgiving went well, and Black Friday shopping didn't leave you exhausted. Christmas is quickly approaching so, this week, rather than suggest one item, I've compiled a budget conscious Christmas gift guide for the curvy fashionista. And because we curvy girls range in shape and weight, these items are one size fits all. First on the list is an AK Anne Klein Watch. Complete with a brown leather strap, its large round face makes even the biggest wrist look dainty. If you are looking to buy a gift with a personal touch, pick up Anthropologie's Translucent Initial Necklace.
Another one of my favorite gifts for this holiday season is Target's Mirrored Jewelry Box, a perfect storage unit and show piece all in one. If you are shopping for a girl who likes to experiment with color, try Essie's 6pc Fall Collection. It has the perfect balance of bright colors that were ubiquitous on this fall's runways, as well as the more obvious dark fall colors. Consider giving the gift of style from the experts. My personal faves include Rachel Zoe's Style A to Zoe: The Art of Fashion, Beauty & Everything Glamour, Nina Garcia's latest book The Style Strategy and Scott Schuman's The Sartorialist. No matter which gift idea you choose, these picks are sure to please. Good luck with the Christmas shopping. Let me know how it goes.


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Indian businessman Bharat Bhai Shah passes away
Family sources say expat was in India for medical treatment
Published: May 25, 2019 14:31 Last updated: May 25, 2019 18:07 Bindu Rai, Deputy tabloid! Editor; Sajila Saseendran, Senior Reporter
Bharat Bhai Shah Image Credit: Virendra Saklani/Gulf News
Dubai: Prominent Indian businessman and veteran community leader in Dubai Bharat Bhai Shah passed away in India on Saturday.
Shah, 87, died in his hometown Rajkot in the western state of Gujarat.
The Consul General of India in Dubai tweeted about Shah's death.
"Very sad to hear that our beloved social worker and Pravasi Bharatiya Samman Awardee Shri. Bharat Bhai Shah passed away today in Rajkot. He wasn't well for some time. My heartfelt condolences to his family and friends. He will be remembered for his dedication to India and community," Vipul said in his tweet.
Speaking to Gulf News later, he said Shah had been on dialysis for a few years. "He was really unwell for the past month and a half or so. First he was in Mumbai and then he was shifted to Rajkot. We got to know that he passed away around 12noon in India."
Vipul remembered Shah as a much loved person by the large Indian expat community. "He was one of those who make it a point to attend all national day functions in the consulate and he was very close to the people in the consulate."
Shah had received the Pravasi Bharatiya Samman Award, the highest recognition for Non Resident Indians for his invaluable services in Yemen, Saudi Arabia and the UAE over the past six decades.
He received the award on January 9, 2015 from Hamid Ansari, the then Vice President of India, in the presence of India's Minister of External Affairs, Sushma Swaraj, and then Chief Minister of Gujarat, Anandiben Patel.
Speaking from Rajkot, Shah's younger son Ketan Shah who lives in Dubai, said the family brought his father home on Thursday on his request. "He was in a lot of pain and he was telling us to take him home. He was waiting to go from home. At 12.11pm today, he left us peacefully."
Shah's elder son Amar Shah, who lives in the US, joined Ketan for conducting the last rites. "We have just finished the last rites. Mummy (Shah's wife Induben) is also here with us," said Ketan Shah.
Bharat Chachara, general manager, India Club, Dubai, said Shah was a trailblazer for the Indian community in Dubai, a staunch patriot who maintained the privilege to be the first to welcome every Consul General who has ever been posted here.
"He commanded attention whenever he walked into a room, dressed in his trademark white kurta and pants. And he would never tire of narrating stories of his time in Yemen, when he and the late Dhirubhai Ambani worked side by side.
"For many, he became a father figure and his death is a blow to the community."
Dr Ram Buxani, Chairman of ITL Cosmos Group, said: "Bharat bhai Shah, a true fighter in life, faced all the challenges bravely and gracefully. He was an institution. My association with him has been for over 35 years. Helper in true sense, he kept his door open for needy even during his difficult days. He would complete his dialysis and will make himself available for all who needed him. It is not difficult but almost impossible to find parallel to dear Bharat bhai Shah during these materialistic times. I have lost my elder brother."
It is not difficult but almost impossible to find parallel to dear Bharat bhai Shah during these materialistic times. I have lost my elder brother.
- Dr Ram Buxani, Chairman of ITL Cosmos Group
"Bharat bhai played pivotal role in keeping Gujarati culture and stage alive. Success of First NRI Seminar held at Hyatt Regency was totally due to his role. He was really a no-nonsense human," he added.
A prominent voice of NRIs in the region, Shah had been in the forefront of raising funds for people affected by calamities and other community initiatives.
He was the chairman of Al Mustaneer Trading LLC, a company dealing in building and sanitary materials in Dubai.
He started his career as a houseboy in Aden, Yemen. Though he never went to an English medium school, he was known for delivering extempore speeches in English. In a previous statement Shah said he had worked along with Dhirubhai Ambani for a French company in Aden for seven years where he drew Rs225 as salary while Dhirubhai got Rs200 as he was his junior by two years. Dhirubhai Ambani later founded the hugely-diversified Reliance Group.
Shah had previously been honoured with several awards and had been featured by the Forbes Middle East magazine in the list of top Indians in the Arab world.
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UAE sets Guinness World Record for longest handshake
Readers pictures of Life in the UAE

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


In this page Lagrange theorem questions solution1 we are going to see solution of the practice questions.
If f (x) be a real valued function that satisfies the following conditions.
f(x) is differentiable on the open interval (0,3).
f(x) is differentiable on the open interval (1,2).
- √2 ∉ (1,2) but √2 ∈ (1,2). So the required value of c is √2.


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IRA is no heroic resistance movement!
admin on March 3, 2005, 12:00 amComments Off on IRA is no heroic resistance movement! | Readers 4
In the English language version of Der Speigel another indication that Sinn Fein's international profile is in rapid decline. Although Bono might have a thing or two to say about the journalist's description of U2's classic Bloody Sunday, he pulls many less punches than we're accustomed to in the British or Irish press:
The issue of brutal suppression by the British is a thing of the past. The IRA has used up its moral capital. In fact, they have a new nickname for the IRA in Catholic neighborhoods these days: the "Rafia."
It gets its funding from burglaries and from smuggling cigarettes and diesel fuel, and it spreads terror in the areas it controls, while Gerry Adams and other buttoned-down types tend to the group's pathetic political window dressing.
It doesn't matter that the Protestant Ulster militias are criminals and drug dealers, that they assault Chinese immigrants, paint swastikas on walls and have managed to turn Belfast into the world's most racist city.
It doesn't matter because it's the IRA that still counts in Northern Ireland. It's the IRA that has the power to help bring about democracy in the region. And it's the IRA that promised to disarm. But now it is becoming increasingly evident that these are no heroic members of a resistance movement, but instead are nothing but a corrupt group of people whose internationalism is limited to learning about explosives with Columbia's drug-dealing FARC insurgency movement, attending conferences with Spain's ETA Basque separatists and laundering money through Libya.
If we cannot support Sinn Fein, then who?
"IRA has headbutted the hopes of the people"


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El clorur de calci, CaCl₂, és un compost iònic format per cations calci, Ca2+, i anions clorur, Cl-. Es presenta en forma de cristalls incolors. És molt soluble en aigua i deliqüescent. Forma diversos hidrats amb 1, 2, 4 i 6 molècules d'aigua, a causa del fet que és higroscòpic. La seva estructura cristal·lina és cúbica com la del rútil, però lleugerament deformada. A la naturalesa el podem trobar al mineral taquidrita, CaCl₂·2MgCl₂·12H₂O.

El clorur de calci es pot emprar com a font de cations calci, Ca2+, en dissolució, per exemple per a separar anions que formen sals insolubles amb el calci, per exemple la precipitació de fosfats:

 3 CaCl2(aq) + 2 K₃PO4(aq) → Ca₃(PO₄)2(s) + 6 KCl(aq)

Si s'electrolitza el clorur de calci s'obté calci metall:

 CaCl2(l) → Ca(s) + Cl2(g)

El clorur de calci és un producte secundari durant la fabricació del carbonat de sodi pel procediment Solvay. També es pot preparar mitjançant reacció del carbonat de calci amb àcid clorhídric:

 CaCO3(s) + 2 HCl(aq) → CaCl2(aq) + H₂O(l) + CO2(g)

Aplicacions

Indústria
En la indústria s'empren milions de tones anualment de clorur de calci en diferents aplicacions:
 Per ser un compost molt higroscòpic s'empra com a agent dessecant en la indústria i en els laboratoris: Per eliminar la humitat dels gasos fent-los passar per una columna plena de CaCl₂ o simplement se'l deixa dins d'un recipient d'una habitació per a llevar la humitat ambiental; i per a eliminar aigua que hagi quedat mesclada amb dissolvents orgànics, tant si està dissolta l'aigua com si forma una fase diferent. La reacció produeix els hidrats, per exemple:
 CaCl₂ + 2 H₂O → CaCl₂·2H₂O
 La reacció amb l'aigua és molt exotèrmica i ràpidament pot donar temperatures pròximes als 60 °C, per això s'empra per a fondre el gel format damunt del paviment de les carreteres. Contràriament a l'addició de clorur de sodi no produeix efectes negatius sobre els sòls i les plantes.
 S'empra mesclat amb els formigons per a accelerar-ne l'enduriment i augmentar-ne la duresa, però no es pot emprar en formigons armats, ja que en contacte amb el ferro facilita la seva oxidació.
 En carreteres s'empra per a retenir la pols, ja que forma una fina capa humida amb la humitat de l'aire damunt del sòl que absorbeix la pols. S'empren especialment a les carreteres d'explotacions mineres, als camins no asfaltats, a camps esportius, etc.
 S'empra per a tenir mescles frigorífiques que es mantenen líquides per sota els 0 °C, amb el clorur de calci es poden aconseguir descensos crioscòpics de fins a temperatures de -50,6 °C.
 Altres aplicacions industrials inclouen l'ús com a additiu dels plàstics (hule), dels extintors de foc, per a eliminar la tinta en el reciclat del paper, etc.

Alimentació
El seu codi com d'additiu alimentari és l'E509.
 S'empra per a solidificar els alginats, uns gelificants obtinguts de les algues.
 S'addiciona a la llet per a restituir la concentració natural de calci que es perd durant la pasteurització i també per a augmentar-ne la concentració natural en la producció de llets riques en calci. També és un additiu imprescindible en la fabricació de formatges.
 Permet augmentar la duresa de la pell de diferents fruites.

Agricultura
 S'empra com a adob per a aportar calci als terrenys de cultiu.

Biologia
 El clorur de calci afebleix les parets dels bacteris i aquest fet s'empra per a facilitar els estudis genètics.

Bibliografia

 LIDE D.R. (Ed.) Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. CRC Press. 77th Ed. (1996-1997) New York
 PANREAC http://www.panreac.com/new/esp/catalogo/fichastec/211221ES.HTM
 SCIENCELAB http://www.sciencelab.com/xMSDS-Calcium_chloride_Anhydrous-9923251

Referències

Calci
Sals de calci

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The value criterion is...ensuring equality of opportunity.
Here are some of the best justifications for a Rawls difference principle/equality of opportunity framework.
In a democratic society our principles of justice must be based on the idea that all citizens are free and equal moral persons because basic equality is a necessary condition for democratic citizenship. Thus, only what citizens would rationally will from a shared point of view can be just because it is the only mechanism that respects citizens as free and equal.
The shared point-of-view necessary for rational agreement is represented by the original position, the idea that citizens can imagine themselves behind a veil of ignorance. Behind the veil citizens would not know whether they were rich or poor, their gender, their race, or any other contingent fact about their place in society, and so would be represented purely as free and equal. And, that also means it is the only system that has no risk of bias and so no arbitrary decision-making. Preventing arbitrariness is a prerequisite to any framework because morality serves to guide action so it must prevent arbitrariness that contradicts rationally adopted rules and undermines any moral code.
Behind the veil, citizens would design a system that benefitted the least advantaged because 1) diminishing marginal utility dictates that helping the most advantaged provides less utility than the least advantaged. This is why giving a dollar to a homeless person would probably make them happier than giving a dollar to a billionaire; already having goods makes each additional good less valuable. 2) People are risk-averse, meaning that they would avoid risks of occupying the worst social position, but this would ensure reasonable treatment regardless.
Therefore, in order to rectify the arbitrary disadvantages of the natural lottery, we must adopt a principle of equality of opportunity.
The basic motivation behind the equality of opportunity (EO) principle is this: if you can walk into a nursery and correctly make statistical predictions like "this baby because of his skin color and/or his family's socioeconomic status is likely to make $20,000 per year less when he grows up than that baby over there," then the society in which such predictions can be made is unjust and ought to be changed so that such predictions are no longer true of it. [Equality of opportunity] attempts to mitigate[s] the effects of social caste. It requires a legal ban on racist/sexist hiring and promotion practices in the private sector, as well as state efforts to improve the educational opportunities of the poor by providing free public education, Head Start programs, etc. [Equality of opportunity] [and] does not forbid inequalities in wealth and power that are due to people's free choices. Suppose that I'm poor because I've chosen not to make the sacrifices necessary to develop highly marketable labor skills (I dropped out of the public high school because it bored me), or because I frittered away my inheritance from my grandmother playing Internet blackjack. You, on the other hand, have a large stock portfolio and a high paying job because you've saved and made sacrifices. EO as usually understood implies that there is no injustice in the inequality between us. I deserve my poverty and you your wealth, because they are due entirely to our choices. It is only some inequalities of outcome that [equality of opportunity] condemns, namely, the undeserved ones that are due to unequal opportunity.
First, people are moral equals unless a morally relevant distinction exists because no characteristics exist to differentiate them, so the results of the natural lottery shouldn't arbitrarily disadvantage some people over others, which requires equality of opportunity.
Second, people born with disadvantages are subject to external pressures that affect the choices they have, which destroys their autonomy because they don't have free reign over their own lives, which outweighs any individual violation on magnitude. And, autonomy is a prerequisite to moral theorizing because free will is responsible for the judgment of principles and commitment to a certain action.


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UI designers play a significant role in helping companies reaching out to its customers through their creative and thought-provoking designs. UI designers are the ones who conceptualize ideas and bring them to life with their simple yet user-friendly designs.
Creating original and engaging designs is not always easy; thanks to designing freebies, which are available online, that can inspire the UI designers to come up with unique designs. We are going to discuss a few freebies for UI designers and how they can be used for creating better designs.
The 6 Seamless Geometric patterns are 100% vector in design which lets the UI designers to resize them without compromising on quality. These patterns can be used for various objectives like creating web backgrounds or even for printed designs etc. They prove to be very useful for those who are into production of T-shirts, mugs, book covers etc.
Basiliq – Freehand UI Kit presents UI designers with more than 300 design elements specifically designed for prototyping. You will get many hand-crafted sets of icons which will make the job of creating sketches, wireframes, and prototypes a lot easier.
The Orange UI Kit helps UI designers with creating many things such as radio buttons, checkboxes, on/off switches, search boxes etc. And the best part about this Orange UI Kit is that it is completely vector and can be resized as per your requirement.
For all those UI designers who are looking for a UI kit that is helpful in creating a mobile app that helps them in redesigning some of the interfaces that they actually might have thought of. Fonts used in this designs are absolutely free and can be used for both personal as well as commercial purposes.
These mock-up templates are ideally suited to those designers who want to showcase their designing skills directly on an appropriate medium. These freebies come with a commercial license which enables the UI designers to use these templates any number of times for both personal and commercial purposes.
Many of us come across this problem of not being able to operate various apps on our phones with one hand. Mostly, the apps are designed in such a way that the binary buttons remain side by side and it leads to one option being farther from the rest. So the users need to stretch their fingers to reach it. You can also see Sports Freebies for Olympics.
Here comes the VICE VERSA – diagonal UI optimized for single hand IX template which solves this problem. These templates help UI designers immensely in designing apps which helps the user to access various apps on their cell phone by using only one hand without much discomfort.
iPhone and Ipad App UI Kit PSD Vol1 helps UI designers to create great mobile app UI interface with common smartphone elements. These templates encourage UI designers to come up with layouts so that the design works on multiple devices.
Flatimus iOS Free UI Kit is a retina-ready UI kit which comes in PSD format. They are created to serve as a designer-friendly template for those UI designers who are newly into iOS design or for those who want to explore flat design. The Flatimus iOS Free UI Kit is free and can be used for both personal and personal projects.
Nucleo: 8000+ Customizable Vector Icons template offers UI designers with numerous icons which are designed with perfection, that they can use for various web projects. The icons support various formats such as SVG, Ai, EPS, and PNG.
Kama – iOS UI Kit is a modern and effective iOS toolkit which helps the UI designers immensely. They work in tandem with both sketch and Photoshop which makes the workflow a lot smoother and it also maximizes the productivity. It has 120+ quality iOS screens, 60+ common icons in 8 popular categories and the icons are 100% vector based.
Crisp Free E-commerce UI Kit for Sketch is a polished and personalized E-commerce UI kit for sketching. Furthermore, these kits will save your time as it has focused greatly on design details and layout designs. The realistic features that you see in these kits are not only beautiful but also very useful.
Through the MAX UI kit freebie, UI designers can make UI designs that will take the apps to the next level. Here, you can check out six clean and crisp app screens namely main page, follower page, log in, walk-through, news and size filter page and they have made use of colors based on 2016 Pantone colors as well.
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Chapter 9 of my research book about the morality and politics of our time as seen through the subjects of representational art is now available.
What makes a fairy tale resonate?
I move deeper into social reality to works based on nursery rhymes and fairy tales. Frederick Turner reminds us that fairy tales serve a particular function in tradition. They teach "that your own moral decisions and choices are determining factors in making you who you are." Paula Rego uses nursery rhymes in narratives to make sense of her childhood in Portugal, a world with dark secrets, compromise and betrayal. "With unforgettable imagery and ambiguous titles, she subverts the family, the so-called traditional role of women, opera, Fascist governments and any institution that the rest of us might confuse with authority," we learn from the complete edition of her works in print.


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Tag Archives: Willard Uphaus
Guest blogger: memoir
Today, I introduce a guest blogger dear to my heart, my 81-year-old father, Tom Michael.
Tom Michael as a young minister in New York.
The March to Montgomery, 1965
by Tom Michael
A memorable experience I want to relate to you happened in 1965, when I was a 32-year-old co-pastor of a tall steeple church, First Westminster Presbyterian Church in Yonkers, New York. The United Presbyterian denomination was committed to the civil rights struggle, even though, as Martin Luther King said, the most segregated hour in the week was 11 o'clock on Sunday morning.
The call had come out from our denominational national committee on religion and race to ask clergy and laymen to participate in demonstrations throughout the South supporting voting rights for Black citizens. Small groups of ministers were asked to march around the courthouse in Philadelphia, Mississippi. My colleague and I flipped a coin and my colleague went down there. It was a potentially dangerous task, but he was able to return home safely.
First Westminster Presbyterian Church of Yonkers NY, 1964
After the first march from Selma was halted by police on the Pettus Bridge, they asked for volunteers to join the Freedom Marchers who had started out from Selma, Alabama on the way to the State capitol in Montgomery. It was my turn to go. So I had the rare privilege of participating in the March on Montgomery for voting rights. While I had very little influence on what happened there, it had an enormous influence on me. It was both an exciting and learning experience for me.
I first had to raise the money to go, so I asked members of the congregation to contribute to my trip. One member, a president of a savings and loan bank, disapproved and spent a long time on the telephone angrily telling Bonnie that I should not go. His wife quietly slipped me some money. That was something I learned about my congregation.
I carried along a change of underwear and some toiletries in an overnight case. That was the second thing I learned: don't carry a suitcase on a civil rights march. This March I suspect that you will see newsreels of that event as we commemorate the fiftieth anniversary of the march. If you spot a skinny young man with big ears carrying a small suitcase, that will be me.
I don't recall much of how I managed to get on an airplane, but soon I found myself on Delta Airlines. The stewardesses (remember when there were stewardesses in airplanes?) were lovely young women with southern accents. The pilot came on the intercom to tell us about the flight. He also had a southern accent. I thought, "Thank heavens, the pilot is in the plane."
When we reached Montgomery we were taken to the campus of a school for colored girls on the East side of the city. There were, I'm told, twenty-five thousand of us milling about. Darkness came. There were two points of light: one, to my right, was a communications stand manned by Gary Collins, a movie actor who at that time was married to Lucille Ball. The other, directly in front, was a stage. We were entertained through the night by an all-star cast: Harry Belafonte, Tony Bennett, Frankie Laine (he sang "Mule Train," "clippety clopping through the wind and rain,"), Sammy Davis, Jr., Joan Baez, Nina Simone; and we sang, with Peter, Paul, and Mary, "We shall overcome, we shall overcome, we shall overcome some day."
Late at night we were assigned places to sleep. Mine was in the balcony of a one-room Baptist Church. At the other end of the pew was a man who snored all night long. In the morning I sat up and waited my turn to use the single bathroom. As I waited, I watched in fascination from my balcony perch as a coed with a Purdue University sweatshirt combed her blond hair into a beehive hairdo. That was the third thing I learned, though I don't believe it has done me much good.
After breakfast we waited around the grounds for the march to begin. I happened to meet up with Dr. Gayraud Wilmore, whom I had met when he attended a Presbytery meeting to inform us of his work as executive secretary of the United Presbyterian Commission on Religion and Race. He was accompanied by the Rev. Metz Rollins, who was a field director for the United Presbyterian Board of Christian Education. As we were chatting, a white southerner walked up and was greeted by these two. They introduced me to him. His name was Myles Horton, founder of the Highlander Folk School in Tennessee. This school was responsible for training Rosa Parks, James Abernathy, John Lewis, Martin Luther King, Jr. and many others in the skills and tactics of non-violent resistance. While we were talking, a man joined us, and he was introduced to me as Charles Evers, brother of the slain civil rights worker Medgar Evers. As I shook his hand I said, "It is an honor to meet you." He acted as if he didn't believe he deserved that, and I learned later that he had spent time in Chicago engaging in criminal activities. Then a Union Theological Seminary classmate of mine, who was there from his home in Minneapolis, came by.
AP photo 1965
At long last the march began. We walked into the city on a main street that was lined with houses. Many of the locals were sitting on their front porches looking rather grim as thousands of us so-called outside agitators filed past. I caught the eye of one woman on her front porch and motioned to her to join us. I received a most hateful response.
My seminary classmate had offered to write dispatches for his local newspaper, so as we marched along we caught up with a slightly built older man. My friend decided to interview him. When he asked his name, he replied "Willard Uphaus." Uphaus, a Methodist lay preacher, led a social action group with summer headquarters at Conway, NH. The New Hampshire Attorney General, empowered by the State Legislature to investigate subversive communists, demanded that he turn over the names of guests at the World Fellowship of Faiths. Dr. Uphaus freely testified about his own activities but refused to provide the names of others. In 1956, he was found in contempt by the Superior Court in Concord, NH. After the conviction was upheld by the United States Supreme Court in a 5-to-4 vote in 1959, Dr. Uphaus spent nearly a year in jail.
I began to think I was in Bunyan's "Pilgrim's Progress," meeting up with stalwarts of the faith as we made our progress toward the Alabama State House. When we arrived there I took up a position in the center of the street in front of the statehouse. At the far end on the right side was an American flag. On the left side near us was the Confederate flag. I found myself resenting that flag. It was a slap in the face of all the descendents of slaves who had been oppressed and humiliated.
It was a hot day. I sat on my little suitcase. I had a headache. I thought "I am here. I am nowhere else." There were several speeches, of course.
Then Martin Luther King gave the final speech, ending with the stirring words, "When will the radiant star of hope be plunged against the nocturnal bosom of this lonely night, plucked from weary souls with chains of fear and the manacles of death? How long will justice be crucified, and truth bear it?…I come to say to you this afternoon, however difficult the moment, however frustrating the hour, it will not be long, because 'truth crushed to earth will rise again.' How long? Not long, because no lie can live forever. How long? Not long, because 'you shall reap what you sow.' How long? Not long, because the arc of the moral universe is long, but it bends toward justice."
Then we began the trek to return to our homes. We were told to go to what they called the colored section of the city, to the right of the statehouse. I was struck by the irony that I, a white man, should feel a sense of relief when I crossed into the ghetto. I found Gay Wilmore. He had rented a full sized Buick sedan and was planning to drive to the Atlanta airport with Metz Rollins. I figured that the airport in Montgomery would be chaotic, so I asked to ride with him. My seminary classmate joined us, and a young man from the Student Non Violent Coordinating Committee. He looked fierce with a black beard and dreadlocks, but he was in fact a most gentle young man.
So there we were, three Black men and two white men. We struck out on Interstate 85 toward Atlanta. After a while we needed to get gas and make a pit stop. Gay and Metz peered intently at each service station, asking, "Is that one?" This was another thing I learned. It is one thing to hear about segregated facilities in the South, and it was another to actually experience it. Here were two prominent, highly educated clergy reduced to the humiliation of having to bypass facilities that would refuse to serve them because of their race.
Finally, we found a station that would serve us. For my part, I was not able to tell the difference, but they had lived a lifetime of picking up the subtle clues about where they could be served. After we had finished, Gay Wilmore announced that he was sleepy, and would someone else drive. I was the only one who had my driver's license, so I took the wheel. At that time the speed limit on highways was 55 miles an hour, and I was observing the speed limit. As I drove along, a string of cars passed us by traveling faster. Then an unmarked state trooper whizzed past and pulled over eight or ten speeders. I drove carefully on the outside lane at 55.
Gay Wilmore said to me, "OK, Tom, if a trooper pulls you over for speeding, just tell him 'I'm just trying to get these (he used the N word) out of here as fast as I can.'" I guess it was a form of gallows humor. After we left the interstate we traveled in the darkness through small towns in Georgia.*
I carefully observed every speed limit sign, I came to full stops at stop signs, and if a traffic light even hinted that it was turning red, I stopped. Since that time I have observed speed limits and stop signs. You will never catch me traveling more than the speed limit anywhere.
At long last, late in the night, we saw the towers of Atlanta glowing in the distance. It reminded me of the experience when Dorothy and her friends first caught sight of the Emerald City of Oz.
At the airport we took our leave of one another as we boarded our airplanes. Gay Wilmore saluted me in the manner of a French general, kissing me on both cheeks. I boarded the plane and sat next to a man who looked very familiar. I believe he was Ralph Bunche, Nobel Peace Prize winner when he was assistant secretary general of the U.N. I did not ask him who he was, since I believe that famous people should be allowed some privacy; and besides, he immediately fell asleep.
When we arrived in New York I shared a taxicab with an editor of Time Magazine. The taxi driver, an African American, asked us where we had come from, and when we told him that we had been on the March on Montgomery, he said he had been watching it on TV. My companion gave the cabby an address on the upper West Side of Manhattan. I said that I wanted to go to Grand Central Station so I could wait there a couple of hours until a train could take me to Yonkers. The cabby said, "I could take you there." "But," I said, "I only have five dollars on me," and I knew that the fare from midtown to Yonkers was at least three or four times that amount.
"Well," he said, "You did something for me today, so I will do something for you." And with that he took me all the way to my front door.
*Civil rights activist Viola Liuzzo was murdered by Klansmen the same day, also while driving African American protesters to the airport and bus stations.
For another story of the march and some pictures, see this lovely interview with photographer James Barker (on the Smithsonian's website).
21 Comments Posted in Events, Teaching & Pedagogy Tagged Civil Rights Movement, Dr. Gayraud Wilmore, Gayraud Wilmore, James Abernathy, John Lewis, March on Montgomery, Martin Luther King Jr., Medgar Evers, Metz Rollins, Montgomery, Myles Horton, non-violence, Ralph Bunche, Rosa Parks, Selma, Student Non Violent Coordinating Committee, The March to Montgomery, Tom Michael, United Presbyterian Commission on Religion and Race, Viola Liuzzo, Willard Uphaus


text:
by Jacqueline Rayner
Publisher: BBC
BASIC PLOT
Harry is dead. Having left him abandoned and alone in pre-war Britain, the Doctor and Sarah try to solve the mystery of his death. But the only witness is in a lunatic asylum, driven mad by what he has seen. He tells of murder and mutilation, of living trees and long-dead legends, of wolfmen and war... And of a mysterious stranger known only as the Doctor.
Fourth and Eighth.
Sarah Jane Smith and Harry Sullivan.
Pg 242 Brief cameo by the Brigadier.
MATERIALISATION CIRCUIT
Pg 3 A Somerset wood, November 27, 1936.
Pg 6 A Somerset wood, December 11, 1936.
Pg 226 A Somerset wood, November 28, 1936.
Pg 240 Near the court of King Arthur.
Pg 241 Scotland, present day.
Scotland, present day.
PREPARATORY READING
The ending ties into Timeless and Sometime Never..., but they aren't essential.
CONTINUITY REFERENCES
Pg 3 "They'd been answering a distress call and the ship should have taken them to where they were needed." Revenge of the Cybermen/Terror of the Zygons.
Pgs 3-4 "'You were off somewhere - getting that -' she pointed at the jaunty tam o'shanter" As worn by the Doctor in Terror of the Zygons.
Pg 4 "Hopefully there would be a roaring fire waiting for them when they found wherever it was that the Brigadier was having his crisis." Terror of the Zygons.
Pg 11 "Perhaps it had slipped the Doctor's mind that Harry didn't have one of those time ring jobbies to take him back to the TARDIS." Genesis of the Daleks/Revenge of the Cybermen.
Pg 21 "He'd just come back from a place called Skaro, he said, did the Doctor know it at all? No, the Doctor had (politely) never heard of it. Cairo, yes, Skaro, no." Genesis of the Daleks. The eighth Doctor's amnesia originated in The Ancestor Cell and this adventure slots into the Caught on Earth arc between Casualties of War and The Turing Test. The Skaro/Cairo confusion might be a reference to Lungbarrow, where the seventh Doctor also gets the two confused.
Pgs 54-55 "And this box was plain, it had no panels, no slanted roof, no light on top, no POLICE 'PUBLIC CALL BOX' or 'Police Telephone Free For Use of Public Advice and Assistance Available Immediately Officer and Cars Respond to Urgent Calls Pull to Open'." The TARDIS is still a plain blue box, as it has been since The Burning.
Pg 55 "You have a fascinating tale of men whose body parts are replaced by machinery" The Cybermen.
Pgs 55-56 "I can see the relevance of the giant clockwork soldiers, an interesting metaphor on the men in war who follow orders blindly, but cannot, I'm afraid, work out the significance of the walking cacti or the monsters you describe as being like 'huge clumps of spaghetti'. And then for no reason that I can see, you decide to set all this in the lost city of Atlantis." The Mind Robber, Meglos, The Claws of Axos, The Underwater Menace/The Daemons/The Time Monster/Fallen Gods.
Pg 58 "Morgan le Fay, or Morgana, or Morgaine?" A Morgaine from a different universe appeared in Battlefield.
Pg 69 "he couldn't go back to a universe of uncertainty and evil, a universe where there were murders and werewolves and metal monsters and torture and insect creatures and giant robots" Revenge of the Cybermen, Genesis of the Daleks/The Sontaran Experiment, The Ark in Space, Robot.
Pg 79 "He'd tracked her down, through forged credentials, much bluffing, and a favour from a fat man called Lord Rowlands." Terror of the Autons.
Pg 111 "She lived in a world where friends seemed dead and then rose again with a new face, or walked out of explosions unsinged, or crawled from under an avalanche with barely a scratch." Planet of the Spiders/Robot, uncertain references.
Pg 142 "Well, myself and my two friends - one of whom is also called the Doctor, and is an alien - landed here in our time and space machine, having defeated the plans of a race of evil metal cyber-robots in the far future. We were supposed to be on our way back to the late twentieth century where we were due to help my current employer, a high-up in a secret army organisation which fights alien threats" Revenge of the Cybermen, Terror of the Zygons.
Pg 157 "It wasn't as if George was a Cyberman or a Sontaran, something evil and monstrous like that." Revenge of the Cybermen, The Sontaran Experiment.
Pg 183 "To a certain extent he rather enjoyed adventure - although if the TARDIS had got him back to his own time and place, he couldn't see him stepping back inside it voluntarily; not like Sarah, who had known exactly what she was getting into but had still chosen to take a trip around the universe" Terror of the Zygons, Robot.
Pg 200 "Harry, who had thought the Doctor a good man, a man as noble as his own Doctor, could not even begin to comprehend what there must be in the Doctor's past to account for this." The Ancestor Cell
Pg 243 "Harry Sullivan left UNIT and went on to do hush-hush work for NATO" Mawdryn Undead/Harry Sullivan's War.
The various references to Harry's possible deaths here are a reference to page 154 of Sometime Never...
Pg 245 "A man burst out in front of him through the door of a bookshop, and made him stop in his tracks - a very strange looking man, with an oversized top hat on his brown curls, a thin moustache, and most bizarrely of all, an eyepatch. 'Hello reality, you are cleared to land!' the man yelled." This is the scene from pages 54-55 of Timeless.
OLD FRIENDS AND OLD ENEMIES
NEW FRIENDS AND NEW ENEMIES
Emmeline Neuberger, Godric, George Stanton, the Dryad, Ernest Trelawny.
CONTINUITY COCK-UPS
Pgs 54-55 "And this box was plain, it had no panels, no slanted roof, no light on top, no POLICE 'PUBLIC CALL BOX' or 'Police Telephone Free For Use of Public Advice and Assistance Available Immediately Officer and Cars Respond to Urgent Calls Pull to Open'." The door panel actually refers to "Officers" (plural).
PLUGGING THE HOLES [Fan-wank theorizing of how to fix continuity cock-ups]
Harry is misremembering slightly.
FEATURED ALIEN RACES
Pg 7 A Dryad, a tree spirit who captures men and keeps them inside trees for years. They appear to be beautiful women wearing green, but afterwards the men can't remember any of the experience. But they're not really alien.
Werewolves, although again they're not really alien.
Pg 9 Somerset, November 1936.
Pg 9 Somerset, December 1936.
Pg 242 King Arthur's time.
Pg 244 Shaftsbury Avenue, London, October 1938.
IN SUMMARY - Robert Smith?
An odd book, but not unpleasantly so. Wolfsbane forsakes explanations for timeless fantasy, invoking werewolves, dryads, King Arthur's court and the reincarnations of Morgaine and Mordred without a word of scientific justification. Which is a hard sell in the Doctor Who universe, but if you can accept that, the end result is rather charming. Pairing Harry with the amnesiac eighth Doctor works extremely well. The structure means that the outcome is casually revealed halfway through the novel, mainly so that chapters can be arranged to contain parallel action (two sets of gravedigging, for example). So it's an odd one, all right, but the ties to the ongoing eighth Doctor arc make it seem more important than it probably is.