It was a year that at times left Lyndon Johnson feeling as though he was living in a continuous nightmare. Yet as Kyle Longley describes in his book LBJ's 1968: Power, Politics, and the Presidency in America's Year of Upheaval (Cambridge University Press, 2018), it was one in which he continued to engage with the many challenges confronting his presidency as he finished his term in office. That it would be his last year as president was not certain at the beginning of it, as he was expected by everyone to run for another term in the upcoming presidential election. Yet as Longley explains, health concerns and the divisions caused by the Vietnam War led Johnson to contemplate announcing during the State of the Union address that he would not seek another term. Even after he made his decision official in March, he continued to pursue an ambitious agenda that included new Great Society legislation, arms negotiations with the Soviets, and the nomination of his friend Abe Fortas as the next chief justice of the Supreme Court. Longley shows how a combination of Johnson's lame duck status and events beyond his control often combined to frustrate his intentions, while his desire to avoid a scandal by not publicizing information about the Nixon campaign's interference in the ongoing negotiations to end the war in Vietnam only paved the way for the even greater political crises in his successor's administration.


text:
Home OPINION Understanding Nigeria's obsession with Rawlings
Understanding Nigeria's obsession with Rawlings
*Rawlings
Azu Ishiekwene
The saying that a prophet is not appreciated at home may well be referring to former Ghanaian president, Jerry Rawlings, who died last Thursday from COVID-19 related complications, three weeks after his mother was buried.
Ghana is in seven days of mourning, but Nigeria is crying more than the bereaved. Among Nigeria's political elite, there has been a "condolence contest". And among the wider public, the outpouring of grief and tribute on social media makes Ghana look like Rawlings' distant second home.
Rawlings' life was a big deal in Nigeria. A very big deal. He was a regular presence in lecture circuits. He was particularly loved by left-leaning Nigerian students and radical politicians. He was also popular among blue-collar workers, who would have been pleased to join his army for life at short notice.
After decades of widespread corruption – just as rampant in military as it is in civilian rule, popular public imagination still extols the "Rawlings treatment" as the only practical solution: that is, public execution of anyone found or perceived to be corrupt.
Of course, Nigerians saw horrific spectacles of executions back in the day when armed robbers or coup plotters were tied to the stake and publicly executed at a famous Lagos seashore called the Bar Beach.
But that blood sport, that grim "Bar Beach show", was mainly for armed robbers or coup plotters, sparking criticisms that while factions of Nigeria's ruling elite were shooting small fry and settling personal scores against rival officers, Rawlings went for the jugular by executing the big fry, the real promoters and profiteers from corruption among the political class.
Fallen Iroko
On his passing last week, one Nigerian tweet mourned Rawlings as "a true son of Africa; a fallen Iroko tree". Others hailed his tireless effort to clean up Ghana's public life, his spartan lifestyle and patriotism and his exemplary, down-to-earth politics.
Yet, it would appear that the single biggest reason why Nigerians loved Rawlings was his effrontery, the revolutionary zeal with which he fought the war against corruption in Ghana – a crusade in which his government executed three former heads of state and three judges, exiled many perceived enemies and left the press with a bloody nose.
Nigeria's history has its own bloody pages, too. Part of what led to the civil war was the first military coup in 1966 purportedly targeted at a "corrupt" political elite. Revenge killings followed and the result was a civil war that cost nearly two million lives.
A slew of military coups and counter-coups – all purporting to rid Nigeria of corruption, waste and mismanagement – piled on each other, without real evidence of progress in the fight against corruption, a malaise estimated by the World Bank to cost countries like Nigeria, Kenya and Venezuela $1trillion per year or 12 percent of GDP.
One life, double standards
Curiously, the same heavy-handed – even bloody – tactics for which Nigerians love Rawlings is strongly resented in at least two of its own leaders who, like Rawlings, also morphed from "khaki to kente".
When President Olusegun Obasanjo first ran for office as civilian president, his appalling conversion of Ita Oko (an island on the outskirts of Lagos) into a black site, a mini forerunner of Guantanamo and his iron-fist in quelling student's protests (not to mention his onslaughts on musical icon, Fela Anikulapo-Kuti) were cited as transgressions for which human rights groups in the country demanded apology and even restitution.
For President Muhammadu Buhari, it was even worse. The military decrees on his watch that imperiled press freedom and under which two journalists were jailed; the long and harsh prison sentences meted out to politicians by hastily constituted tribunals; and the popularisation of corporal punishment, were among the long list of grievances held against Buhari each of the four times he contested for the presidency.
His explanation that he had become a "reformed democrat" fell on deaf ears. In 2015, his campaign team had to dress him up in an assortment of costumes, including fancy bow-ties and corporate suits, to make him look truly the reformed part.
To date, Buhari is still taunted over the occasional appearance of his military reflexes. Some families whose patriarchs he handed long jail sentences, blame him for the premature deaths of their loved ones. The deployment of soldiers who shot at unarmed protesters during the recent #EndSARS protests has also been canvassed as lingering proof that the spots of the Buhari leopard remain intact.
It's doubtful, however, if any Nigerian leader would do anything close to what Rawlings did, especially in his first coming, and get away with it. The only man who tried – General Sani Abacha – did not live to tell the story. Military president, General Ibrahim Babangida, who executed a variety of authoritarian rule in velvet clothing, only managed to escape by the skin of his teeth.
Yet, Nigerians extol Rawlings who executed former heads of state and judges among other draconian remedies, and also swear that nothing short of the "Rawlings treatment" will save the country.
Apart from Samuel Doe's violent overthrow of William R. Tolbert's government in Liberia in 1980 and the public execution of Tolbert's cabinet members applauded by cheering crowds who lived to regret it, and the Red Terror in Ethiopia following the overthrow of Emperor Haile Selassie, Rawlings' Ghana stands up there in the pecking order of horrific public executions of high-profile officers on the continent after a military takeover.
So, what is it about Rawlings that Nigerians swoon over? His charisma? Charismatic leaders make our hearts beat a little faster. They send our blood racing, especially if their candles were blown out prematurely – like General Murtala Muhammed or Captain Thomas Sankara. But Robespierre and Hitler were also charismatic leaders.
What was it in Rawlings then that Nigerians adored? Why was it that even if he had killed 10 people when he was alive, Nigerians seem prepared to say, "Thank God, it was not 11"?
Leading columnist and chairman of the Editorial Board of the Abuja-based Daily Trust, Mahmud Jega, told me: "Africans appreciate strong, vibrant, forceful leadership. They love leaders who are passionate, anti-colonial and yet, with the common touch."
That description fetched the image of Rawlings stopping his convoy to pick up stranded passengers along the way. There is also the viral video of him getting out of his car in a traffic jam in Accra to take charge with rapturous commuters chanting, "Papa J! Papa J!!" Or his confession that he didn't have a foreign account for all the years he was in government, until a few years ago when former UN Secretary General, Kofi Annan, asked him to open one.
Jega admitted that even though Rawlings' first coming was "one of the most traumatic on the continent", his subsequent record as two-term civilian leader made up for his earlier flaws. "He is, in a fundamental way, the father of modern Ghana," he said.
Perhaps it was that redeeming act that Nigerians really admired about Rawlings: his courage, his patriotism, his charm, his willingness to slay any dragon whatever its size, and more importantly, the strength of his conviction.
What price?
Yet, there are Ghanaians who still ask, at what price – a question their Nigerian neighbours might conveniently overlook.
As the news of Rawlings' death was breaking, social media was drowning in emotional tributes and rejoinders by hurting family and friends of those Rawlings had either executed, jailed or exiled. The common theme was Rawlings refusal, to the very end, to tender public apology or give any indication of remorse for the killings.
Others went farther. They acknowledged that even though significant progress was made in the Rawlings years to rebuild hope and confidence, after 20 years in government, his legacy was also infected by the same demon of corruption for which he condemned and excoriated his predecessors.
Economic imperatives forced Rawlings to get in bed with the World Bank and IMF, the neo-colonial titans he derided in his early days. He also privatised state-owned enterprises. One of the ugly fallouts of the privatisation was the credible allegation that his wife, Nana Konadu Agyemang, used a company in which she was chairman to buy a privatised food cannery with instalmental cheques.
The party that Rawlings founded, the National Democratic Congress, NDC, currently in opposition, has also not covered itself in glory, with the €5 million Airbus bribe scandal under President John Mahama being one of the more famous shameful episodes.
"Others were shot for less," Kofi Coomson, publisher of The Ghanaian Chronicle, told me, as he reeled off the former president's complicated legacy. That's not what Rawlingsters in Nigeria want to hear.
Charismatic Leaders
Ghanaian President Jerry Rawlings
National Democratic Congress
Previous articleSERAP asks Buhari to cut cost of governance as recession sets in
Next articleJohn Dubre: Nigerian who put fear in oil majors
House moves to divorce office of AGF from minister of justice
StarTimes slashes subscription fee
Obama lists two Nigerian songs among his 2019 favourites
Nahco aviance appoints new MD, promotes over 800 staff
Passage of NAMA Act critical – Lawmakers
Dana Air readies for flight restart, carries out shakedown on aircraft
British court seizes looted N82bn belonging to late Gen. Abacha
Kano stops payment of N30, 000 minimum wage, reverts to N18,...
Oloyede, JAMB and the verve of marathoner
The dove which triumphed over hawks and vultures: The Kaunda story

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
"Stylish … elegantly subversive," says Anthony Chase of "Design for Living"
Posted September 27, 2017 by Mary Loliger & filed under Uncategorized.
THE QUEER WORLD OF NOEL COWARD'S DESIGN FOR LIVING
In the opening scene of Noël Coward's comic masterpiece, Private Lives, when Amanda's new husband assures her that she is entirely "normal," she objects, "I think very few people are completely normal really, deep down in their private lives."
This idea could serve as the theme of Coward's entire career as a playwright. In the world of his plays, desire is a quality that cannot be contained by traditional monogamy. It is uncontrollable, and for this reason, nobody is completely normal.
Design for Living, currently enjoying a stylish production directed by Katie Mallinson at the Irish Classical Theatre, is a happy reminder of Coward's genius for playful social critique. In this play, Gilda, played by Kate LoConti, cannot decide between two men who ardently love her. At the same time, these men, Otto, played by Adriano Gatto and Leo, played by Ben Michael Moran, clearly love each other. When jealousy intervenes, their happy ménage a trois seems to be unsustainable. That is until the three manage to devise a happy "design for living."
The play itself was not much loved during the Coward's lifetime. Written specifically for Coward to perform alongside his close friends, Alfred Lunt and Lynn Fontanne, Coward would later lament:
[Design for Living] has been liked and disliked, hated and admired, but never, I think, sufficiently loved by any but its three leading actors. This, perhaps was only to be expected, as its central theme, from the point of view of the average, must appear to be definitely anti-social. People were certainly interested and entertained and occasionally even moved by it, but it seemed to many of them "unpleasant."
Coward was, clearly, quite attuned to his play's social subversiveness. Despite the fact that many themes and events are identical to events in the perennially popular Private Lives, the conclusion of Design for Living has proven to be especially problematic in this regard. Gilda will (spoiler alert) opt to ditch her husband, Ernest, and keep both lovers. In putting their socially stigmatized desires above their social responsibilities, Gilda and Otto and Leo seem to have used and abused poor Ernest rather willfully. Unless you hit the right tone, the play just seems mean.
Less problematic today, but worth noting is the fact that the world of the 1930s was not oblivious to the play's homosexual undertones, and not entirely tolerant either. In his 1933 appraisal, George Jean Nathan, the foremost American drama critic of the first half of the 20th century is unequivocal, and aims for the jugular.
As to Design for Living … I can see in it little more than a pansy paraphrase of [George Bernard Shaw's] Candida, theatrically sensationalized with "daring," gay allusions to hermaphrodites, "gipsy queens," men dressed as women, etc., and with various due references to "predatory feminine carcasses" and to women as bitches. The big scene is simply a rehash of the one played by the two drunken women in the same author's Fallen Angels and here given, relevantly, into the hands of two men.
Director Katie Mallinson graciously agreed to attend a performance of her production of Design for Living with me. I was intrigued to hear the observations of a director with her background in dramaturgy, about a play I know well. I have been very impressed with her previous work, notably the marvelous Road Less Traveled production of Dinner With Friends. I had also once seen an excellent production of Design for Living, like this one, done in the round. That was the widely admired and successful 1985 Circle in the Square production, starring Jill Clayburgh, Raul Julia, and Frank Langella. I was interested to see how Mallinson approached the challenge of the circular Andrews Theatre.
At the first intermission, I asked about the physicality of the staging, particularly Kate LoConti's superior embodiment of Gilda.
Mallinson seemed pleased and said they had worked on this particularly in rehearsal.
LoConti's performance is notable for its light agility and for the unflinching confidence of her speech. This is established immediately, when, without saying anything, she collects herself to answer the door of her Paris apartment, and subsequently, throws herself full-throttle into a diversionary conversation with Ernest, played by Eric Rawski. This deceptively dense dialogue sets up the thematic landscape of the entire play.
Everything about LoConti's performance is satisfying. She exudes the requisite charisma, as well as the necessary girlish impudence. While it is never quite fair to compare one actor to another, I will admit that in flashes, she reminded me of young Leslie Caron. Rawski, while miscast again, and too young for paternal old Ernest, gives a game and amiable performance.
Mallinson was decidedly closed-mouthed and protective of certain aspects of the rehearsal process. I was especially intrigued, because the production was handed to her, already cast and with the creative team already in place, after another director was obliged to bow out. We discussed working in the circular stage of the Andrews Theatre, which presents certain challenges, and the director was interested by my recollections of the Circle in the Square production.
Right from the top, I was curious about her choice to make it entirely clear who is in Gilda's bedroom at the start of the play. I have seen this detail played as a surprise elsewhere. Mallinson's is a valid choice, but I missed the spirit of mischief and unpredictability, not to mention the dramatic momentum of making the actor's entrance a revelation. I also noted that there were large sections of the first act in which actors seemed to be wading through pages of Coward's language. These sections became very challenging for the audience at a three-hour play.
Alfred Lunt who originally played Otto, and Lynn Fontanne, the original Gilda, were, arguably, the most successful acting couple in the history of the theater. They worked almost exclusively together and rehearsed constantly, developing an acting style whereby they would overlap each other's sentences with astounding precision. This practice must have proved invaluable for a play like Design for Living.
The Irish Classical Theatre production is most successful in the more rapid-fire exchanges. These land very successfully. For that reason, the third act, with its larger population of actors, and shorter exchanges, is particularly strong.
In the same vein, some of the smallest characters resonate quite vividly under Mallinson's direction. Jennifer Fitzery is sublime as Gilda's morally inflexible housekeeper Miss Hodge, endowing the woman with the perfect blend of flint and bluster. Even her walk is funny.
Late in the play, Lisa Vitrano makes a distinct and memorable person of Manhattan socialite Grace Torrence, a woman with billion bucks in the bank, but a bohemian sense of adventure. In the same scene, Conor Graham and Anna Krempholtz are acerbically funny as incompatible Henry and Helen Carver.
Mallinson conceded that the rehearsal period of four weeks is stressful for its brevity. Such economy of time is also necessary in a town like Buffalo, where audiences almost always number fewer than 200, and a theater cannot recoup enough to pay for longer rehearsal periods, or for preview performances. The burden is upon actors to learn words, to analyze scripts, and to make choices outside of rehearsal.
I admired the work of Adriano Gatto as Otto, and Ben Michael Moran as Leo, but would have been happier with clearer distinction between the two characters. In their favor, they are both dashing young men, and successfully projected the rascally fun of the piece.
The celebrated drunk scene between Leo and Otto comes at the end of the second act. Thinking that Gilda has run out on them forever, the men get drunk together on "Armadildo" sherry and try to comfort each other; they touch and hold each other; they thank God for each other and convince themselves that they are better off without her. Finally, however, they move past this suggestively homoerotic episode and lament that they are going to be horribly lonely without her
I would like to report that these gents nailed the scene, but I flat out could not see what was going on. It was played on a sofa with a decidedly high and opaque back. I was seated behind it. At the intermission, I quipped to Mallinson, "A love seat would have been funnier." To her credit, she laughed. She did not comment on this design decision, and I did not press.
This was, to be fair, an anomaly, in a production that generally takes care to keep the picture revolving and moving, and which does not favor one side of the audience above another. It is also notable that three hours fly by very quickly and I felt fresh and energized as the play continued.
Beyond the hilarity of Otto and Leo's surface absurdity, scenes like Otto and Leo's drunk scene (or like the fights in Private Lives, or like the murder attempts in Blithe Spirit) lie at the heart of Noel Coward's comedic project. Whereas his contemporaries thought he was focused on the depraved few, in todays world we are much more comfortable with the idea of universal depravity. Find a spouse who has not felt jealous, or taken advantage of, or ignored, or who has not, deep down in his or her private thoughts, contemplated the murder of a spouse, coveted his neighbor's wife, or yearned for the company of an ex-husband.
In her production, Mallinson successfully walks this delicate balance. I was particularly impressed by her admirable third act. Gatto and Moran shine especially brightly at this point. In an unscripted gesture, Gilda gently and compassionately pulls the boys back while Ernest is railing against their depravity. This is followed by the delightful, unbridled laughter that famously concludes this most elegantly subversive play.
Back in 1933, condemnation from George Jean Nathan might have seemed reasonable and persuasive. Today, there is something thrilling about finding this titan of 20th century criticism in a moment of critical hysteria. "Pansy paraphrase" is an epithet out of control. Nathan seals his own position in posterity, when he predicts historical oblivion for Noël Coward, who, on the contrary, remains one of the most produced playwrights in the world more than 80 years after the opening of Design for Living.
"Mr. Coward occupies the successful place in our theatre today that the late Clyde Fitch occupied twenty and thirty years ago," wrote Nathan. "Where will the plays of Mr. Coward be when as many years have passed? As in the case of my critical reflections on Fitch in his fashionable heyday, I leave the answer to the calendar."
Because the perfect conventional matrimonial norm is, itself, a fiction, Coward's plays endure, and even achieve a surprising universality. If we could speak across time, we might remind poor Nathan, that many a worthless degenerate has been revivified since 1933, for deep down in our private lives, few of us are truly normal. Beyond the hilarity of Otto and Leo's surface absurdity, scenes like Otto and Leo's drunk scene (or like the fights in Private Lives, or like the murder attempts in Blithe Spirit) lie at the heart of Noel Coward's comedic project. Each of us needs to forge a design for living. Katie Mallinson's production at the Irish Classical Theatre certainly and very pleasurably delivers this comical and important message.
by Anthony Chase, ARTVOICE, September 26, 2017
Tags: adriano gatto, ben michaael moran, comedy, design for living, kate loconti, noel coward


text:
Afghani Rugs
Des Peres, MO
Buy Authentic Area Rugs in Des Peres, MO
Area Rugs in Des Peres, MO. Rugs By Saga is the premier provider of authentic, man-made area rugs in Des Peres and the Metro St. Louis area. Our collection includes area rugs from countries like Pakistan, India, and Afghanistan. We also sell modern and transitional area rugs. Please contact us today to learn more about our collection of authentic, hand-crafted area rugs. We also offer free delivery and installation. Rugs By Saga is the destination for Des Peres interior decorators and homeowners.
You can visit our showroom in Ballwin or contact the expert area rug dealers for more info. We have area rugs for your dining room, hallway, bedroom, and other places in your home. We also provide free in-home consultations for Des Peres customers, which allows you to see how a rug looks and feels before purchasing.
Shop Premium Area Rugs in Des Peres
There's several different reasons to get an area rug for your Des Peres home or office. For example, area rugs accent rooms, are an investment, and protect hardwood floors. We buy only the best Oriental area rugs from the finest dealers. Our collection of area rugs in Des Peres is are from all over the world. Our clients have a choice selection of Oriental and Middle Eastern rugs and modern pieces. These include:
Hand-knotted area rugs are made without the help of machines. One can tell by inspecting the fringe, or "foundation" of any particular rug. There are distinct differences between hand-made area rugs and machine-made or hand-tufted ones. It's our job at Rugs By Saga to provide our customers with the highest quality area rugs in Des Peres at an affordable price. Rugs By Saga's experts are here to help customers make the best purchasing decision to make sure the area rug you get lasts decades. Below, you can see some of the Oriental area rugs we have in our showroom:
Your Des Peres Rug Dealers
We believe in quality and authenticity. You can tell these traits by knot count (knots per square inch, or KPI), the wool and silk used, and the dying materials. The majority of our area rugs are vegetal-dyed. Fabrics that are vegetally-dyed is both aesthetically pleasing and more valuable than chemically or natural-dyed rugs. You'll also want to look at the symmetry of the image and overall pattern.
Sounds overwhelming, doesn't it? The seasoned rug dealers at Rugs By Saga have years of combined experience and are dedicated to helping customers purchase only the best Oriental area rugs in Des Peres, MO. Our selection of Afghani, Indian, Persian, and Pakistani rugs is unrivaled in the Metro St. Louis area. Each one of our rugs has history and a story, and our staff can show you why certain rugs are the right fit for your home.
If you are ready to buy an area rug, it is essential to keep a few things in mind. For example, size matters in regards to area rugs. You don't want a rug that doesn't fit beneath a dining room table, couch, or other furniture. You should know the dimensions of the space you want to fill. Also, it's good practice to keep a foot or foot-and-a-half of bare floor between the wall and the rug. You can have multiple rugs in the same room, but they should blend together or be from the same country. Rugs By Saga offers complimentary in-home consultations to help you make the right decision when making a purchase.
Rug Dealer
Oriental Rug Store
Contact Your Area Rug Pros in Des Peres Now
With free delivery and installation, now is the best time to get an area rug. Rugs By Saga is a leading dealer of Oriental area rugs in Des Peres, MO, and guarantee quality. Our rugs are hand-made and can last years if properly taken care of. Contact us today for more information or visit our showroom in Ballwin. We carry Afghani, Indian, Pakistani, and other rugs that can make a room special. Call us to learn more about our area rugs in Des Peres, MO.
Brentwood, MO
Chesterfield, MO
Clarkson Valley, MO
Clayton, MO
Country Life Acres, MO
Creve Coeur, MO
Ellisville, MO
Eureka, MO
Frontenac, MO
Ladue, MO
Lemay, MO
Manchester, MO
O'Fallon, MO
Oakville, MO
Olivette, MO
Richmond Heights, MO
Rock Hill, MO
Shrewsbury, MO
St. Charles, MO
St. Louis Hills, MO
Sunset Hills, MO
Town and Country, MO
University City, MO
Webster Groves, MO
Westwood, MO
Wildwood, MO
Try our rugs in-home
Free in-home trial
St. Louis Area Rugs
Rug Store
Rugs By Saga
14169 Manchester Rd.
St. Louis Rug Store | 5.0 stars, based on 9 reviews
Copyright 2020 Rugs by Saga | St. Louis Web Design by Web Design and Company


The final step in your career discovery is actually making connections with industries and companies of interest.
Finding and settling into a career you love takes planning and work. But it is well worth all your efforts.
Use our tools to set an actionable plan towards your dream career.
Once you have established a plan to start pursuing your career, you can then begin to get involved in industies and companies of interest.
Connect with the right people to establish yourself within your field of interest.
We've compiled resources to help you build the confidence and know-how for how to do it best.


*These authors contributed equally and shared last authorship.
The aim of the present study is the validation of the "Job Stress Measure" in the Greek population. "Job Stress Measure" along with ASSET scale was finally distributed to 238 individuals, working in public and private organizations. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the "Job Stress Measure scale" was found to be 0.868. Three main circumstantial factors explain the 55% of the variance of the phenomenon: a) characteristics of work, b) clarity of objectives and c) without specific concept. The study showed positive correlation between stress and workload, job insecurity and difficulties in working relationships, physical and mental condition, communication and beliefs about work. Conclusively the "Job Stress Measure" can be used as a reliable validated tool for measuring job stress in the Greek population.
The most accepted and popular definition of stress is determineds as: "a state in which homeostasis is actually threatened or perceived to be so; homeostasis is re-established by a complex repertoire of behavioral and physio- logical adaptive responses of the organism." (Chrousos, 2009). Working environment is considered as a major source of stress. Specifically, work-related stress is experienced mainly when the demands of the work environment exceed the workers' ability to cope with (European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, 2002). It is a condition that is frequently experienced by the individual employee as a result of increased working demands. This condition can cause many health effects on the workers (Doherty & Tyson, 1998), or even may cause disturbances on working behaviour and in general lifestyle (Wheatley, 2000).
A large number of individual self-report scales (Table 1) are available, in order to assess both work-related stress and various job stressors. Such psychometric tools when used appropriately are useful, practical and irreplaceable. The most known tools are the following (Table 1).
The aim of this study is, "Job Stress Measure" (Judge et al., 1994) validation, a measuring tool of work-re- lated stress and evaluation of its psychometric properties, on a population based survey (Greece).
Greek studies attempting to address either construction or validation of job stress measures are limited. Therefore, it is important to have available, reliable and valid assessment instruments. "Job Stress Measure" is our choice as an abridged, short and effective tool of measuring job stress, as it is more practical to use and time saving, particularly in busy working environments.
The sample consisted of 238 participants (Table 2).
The "Job Stress Measure" consists of sixteen self-report items rated on a Likert scale from 1 - 5, depending on the extent of the work related stress produced by each of the items. On this scale, "1" indicates that the item produces no stress, "2" produces little stress, "3" produces some stress, "4" produces quite a bit of stress and "5" produces a great deal of stress.
A double translation of the English questionnaire to Greek was made by 2 bilingual psychologists, followed by translation to English.
The construct validity of the Job Stress Measure was evaluated by examining its divergent and convergent validity with the ASSET scale. The ASSET scale is used to measure job stress and is divided into four subscales. The first subscale refers to the causes of job stress "Perceptions of your work", the other two refer to the effects of stress ("Attitudes towards your organization" and "Your Health") and the last one includes additional information (social-demographic characteristics). We used two subscales of the ASSET scale ("Perceptions of your work" and "Your Health"). Based on the bibliography, this measurement tool has reliability a = 0.74 to a = 0.91 (Cartwright & Cooper, 2002; Nikolaou & Tsaousis, 2002).
The study took place in Athens from September 2013 to April 2014. Participants were approached by the authors in their workplace. After informed consent has been obtained, questionnaires were distributed to the participants.
There were no ambiguities and questions about the items. The average time of filling out the questionnaires was 25 minutes.
250 questionnaires were distributed, and eventually 238 questionnaires were returned. Our final sample consisted of 230 individuals, since we excluded those individuals that did not answer all of the 16 items on the scale, in order to have more reliable results.
Data collected were introduced and processed by statistical software SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences), Version 21 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago , IL , USA ).
The mean and standard deviation of each of the items in the "Job Stress Measure" are shown in Table 3.
Table 2. Demographic information of the sample.
question. This can be explained by changes in the quality of jobs (civil servants, official rank, few meetings, and small requirement for a business trip).
The internal consistency of the "Job Stress Measure" was examined by Cronbach's coefficient alpha (Cronbach, 1951), and the item-total correlations (Table 4). The Cronbach's alpha of the scale was found to be 0.868. Moreover we performed item analysis to ascertain the possibility of further enhancing Cronbach's coefficient alpha by deleting unnecessary questions (Table 5) with negative results, keeping intact the initial structure of the questionnaire.
Table 4. Correlations of the items to the total score of the questionnaire.
Table 5. Item analysis of the "Job Stress Measure".
According to Table 4, we found statistically significant, positive correlation between correlations of the items to the total score of the questionnaire (r = 0.296** - 0.841**). This indicates that questions refer to a central meaning (stress).
Finally we performed factor analysis of the "Job Stress Measure" (Table 8). The results showed 3 major components with eigenvalues over 1.
**Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). *Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).
Note: Extraction method: Principal component analysis.
Τable 9. Factor analysis based on orthogonalrotation.
Note: Extraction method: Principal component analysis. Rotation method: Varimax with Kaiser normalization.
The amount of red tape I need to go through to get my job done.
Factor analysis revealed that the first circumstantial factor refers to the characteristics of work, and the third circumstantial factor refers to the clarity of objectives. As far as the second circumstantial factor is concerned, the configuration may be more a co product of different subgroups of the main sample (public/private) where those 2 items (travel, meetings) are occurring at specific levels and job roles. However, we decided to maintain this second factor in case of workers who either make business trips or participate in long meetings. Those 2 professional items seem to exacerbate stress caused by job characteristics and unclear objectives.
It has been shown that work-related stress has severe emotional and physical health effects (Ferracci et al., 2003; Smith et al., 2005; Robin & Leslie, 2006; Yu et al., 2006; Brent, 2008; Schneider & Irastorza, 2010).
The positive correlation between stress and 1) job insecurity 2) beliefs about work, has been confirmed byseveral studies, that agree with the fact that threats of career development, including threats against dismissal and promotion prospects with fuzzy criteria, produce stress to workers (Nelson & Burke, 2000; Burchell, 2002; Sverke et al., 2002; Hirsch & De Soucey, 2006). The economic pressure leads companies and organizations to undergo restructures, mergers and acquisitions (Hirsch & De Soucey, 2006). The result of this policy is the reduction of the workforce and a more flexible labor management (e.g. part-time job). An important factor that contributes to the poor physical health is the job insecurity (Burchell, 2002). The positive correlation between stress and 1) workload 2) employees' physical and mental health status, has been confirmed by several studies (Nishitani & Sakakibara, 2010; Burchell, 2002). A recent study suggests that a heavy workload increases stress levels (Nishitani & Sakakibara, 2010).
Finally, regarding health issues, the majority of the participants did not have a serious health problem in the last 6 months. Personality characteristics of the individuals, may explain this phenomenon, as the majority of the participants were more or less optimistic. There have been only a small number of studies investigating the influence of optimism on work-related stress. Researches showed that optimistic individuals used more problem- focused coping strategies outperforming pessimistic individuals in the work environment (Strutton & Lumpkin, 1992). Optimism could be a powerful ally and a very positive source of force in the workplace.
As we previously mentioned, work-related stress affects not only the health of employees, but also the productivity of organisations (Leka & Griffiths, 2003).
Limitations: 1) One limitation is that the survey was conducted exclusively in urban population; 2) Another limitation refers to the age group. Specifically, the majority of the participants (87.4%) were 21 to 55 years old; 3) The last limitation refers to the type of job. The majority of the participants (71.4%) said that they were working as administrators/clerks.
Job stress arises not only from situations people encounter on a daily basis, but also from people's own perceptions regarding their perceived ability to deal with such situations. The "Job Stress Measure" can be used as a tool of measuring job stress in the Greek population. The occupational stress has many implications on the individual's health and proves to be detrimental to the economy of the country. Therefore, future researches in Greece should focus on locating and assessing risk stressors in the workplace, through work-related stress psychometric tools and interviews.
Burchell, B. (2002). The Prevalence and Redistribution of Job Insecurity and Work Intensification. In B. Burchell, D. Ladipo, & F. Wilkinson (Eds.), Job Insecurity and Work Intensification (pp. 61-76). London: Routledge.
Caplan, R. D., Cobb, S., French, J. R. P., Harrison Jr., R. V., & Pinneau, S. R. (1975). Job Demands and Worker Health. HEW Publication, No. (NIOSH), 75-160.
Cartwright, S., & Cooper, C. L. (2002). ASSET: An Organisational Stress Screening Tool—The Management Guide. Manchester, UK: RCL Ltd.
Cooper, C. L., Sloan, S. J., & Williams, S. (1988). Occupational Stress Indicator: Management Guide. Windsor: NFER- Nelson.
Doherty, N., & Tyson, S. (1998). Mental Well-Being in the Workplace: A Resource Park for Management, Training and Development. Sudbury: HSE Books.
Hurrell Jr., J. J., & McLaney, M. A. (1988). Exposure to Job Stress: A New Psychometric Instrument. Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment & Health, 14, 27-28.
Judge, T. A., Boudreau, J. W., & Bretz, R. D. (1994). Job and Life Attitudes of Male Executives. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79, 767-782.
Nelson, D. L., & Burke, R. J. (2000). Women Executives: Health, Stress, and Success. Academy of Management Executive, 14, 107-121.
Osipow, S. H., & Spokane, A. R. (1987). Manual for Occupational Stress Inventory: Research Version. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
Robin, M., & Leslie, R. M. (2006). Introduction to Health Psychology. Athens: Greek Letters.
Schneider, E., & Irastorza, X. (2010). Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in the EU. European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
Spielberger, C. D., & Vagg, P. R. (1999). Job Stress Survey: Professional Manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
Wheatley, R. (2000). Taking the Strain: A Survey of Managers and Workplace Stress. London: Institute of Management.
Wynne, R., Clarkin, N., & McNieve, A. (1993). The Experience of Stress amongst Irish Nurses. Main Report, Dublin: Work Research Centre.
Yu, S. F., Yao, S. Q., Ding, H., Ma, L. Q., Yang, Y., & Wang, Z. H. (2006). Relationship between Depression Symptoms and Stress in Occupational Population. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi, 24, 129-133.


Japanese death certificate translated by Certified Translation Services Japan, Tokyo - Japanese to English translation of death certificate certified and legally accepted by official & government organizations, globally.
With more than a decade of experience in all types of death certificate documents translated and certified you can be sure we know a thing or two about ensuring your documents are accepted, wherever they are submitted for whatever purpose. In fact, SAECULII YK has never had any certified & legal document translation rejected.


text:
Dierks Bentley, Brad Paisley Among Stars Of Fifth Annual Dance Party to End ALZ
The night of music, dancing, and fundraising to end Alzheimer's will take place at the Wildhorse Saloon in Nashville on November 13.
Dierks Bentley - Photo: Jason Kempin/Getty Images
Dierks Bentley, Brad Paisley, Ashley Campbell, and Tracy Lawrence are among the artists taking part in the fifth annual Dance Party to End ALZ event. The night of music, dancing, and fundraising to end Alzheimer's will take place at the Wildhorse Saloon in Nashville on Sunday, November 13, hosted by Brad's wife Kimberly Williams-Paisley, her sister Ashley Williams, and brother Jay Williams.
The fundraiser will give the audience the chance to see top country stars singing covers, and this year's theme is the 1990s, with artists playing their favorite songs from that decade and fans arriving in period garb. Says Williams-Paisley: "It'll be a one-of-a-kind event that fans and generous supporters of the cause will not be able to experience anywhere else." She explains more in this short clip about the event:
Dance Party to End ALZ
Bentley will be playing with his spoof band Hot Country Knights, and other artists on the billl are Kelleigh Bannen, Melinda Doolittle, Lindsay Ell, Charles Esten, and Chrissy Metz. Doors will open at 6pm, and general admission tickets are on sale now, priced between $50 and $200. You can also make a donation at this event page, hosted by the Alzheimer's Association, or become a Dance Party sponsor.
The Williams lost their mother Linda to Alzheimer's some six years ago, prompting them to launch a venture that has raised more than $1 million for the research program into the disease. Last year's 1980s-themed event alone raised $300,000 for the cause. Several of the artists from the 2021 bill are returning to support the cause again, including Campbell, whose family have helped raise the profile of the condition immeasurably after her father Glen fell victim to it. Others in last year's line-up included Darius Rucker, Emily West, Taylor Noelle, and Cass Hart.
All proceeds from the Nashville Dance Party to End ALZ support Alzheimer's Association research programs. For all inquiries about the event, you can also email DanceParty@mtaevents.com.
Related Topics:Ashley CampbellBrad PaisleyCountryDance Party To End ALZDierks Bentley


Pentastar Certified™ MRO Services | Pentastar Aviation, LLC.
We know you have choices when it comes to selecting an MRO service provider, and there are many factors that aid in that decision. With over a half-century of experience maintaining all types of aircraft, we have the expertise to complete an expansive range of work scopes. Our unwavering commitment to provide the highest standards of safety and service excellence continues to raise the level of expectation within the private aviation industry and we welcome the opportunity to be of service to you.
Pentastar Certification. Pentastar MRO Services are Pentastar Certified™, which is our promise to you that when your aircraft is in our possession, all work is performed by expert technicians committed to adhering to the strictest safety standards and industry best practices. The result is service you can trust.


1. Go to your user dashboard > website settings area > DNS management panel.
2. Enter in the following DNS records.
Mailserver hostname: mx00.domain.com. - DO NOT FORGET THE " . " AT THE END!!!!
Mailserver hostname: mx01.domain.com. - DO NOT FORGET THE " . " AT THE END!!!!
The two records stated above should get your email account actually "working". However, you may also want to set up a subdomain or redirect record so you can actually view your mail using your domain.


text:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

       <bean id="reportGenerator" class="utexas.ece.smoke.utils.ReportGenerator">
              <property name="outputFile" value="/Users/stanley/Desktop/tmp/report.xls"/>
       </bean>
</beans>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Running an Ajax click event on a div added by another Ajax click event For some reason I can't run the Ajax click on a div that was just added by another ajax click event on the exact same page.
Both ajax requests use the same request page, but contain a different data string.
These are my two Ajax functions
$(document).ready(function(){
    $('#log_login').click(function(event){
        event.preventDefault();
        var email=$("#log_email").val();
        var login=$("#log_login").html();
        var dataString = 'email='+email+'&login='+login;
        $.ajax({
            type: 'POST',
            url: '$language_rewrite/$administrator_login/forgotpassword',
            data: dataString,
            beforeSend: function(){
                $("#login-msg").hide();
                $("#log_login").html('$translate_login_8...');
            },
            success: function(html){
                if(html){
                    if(html.indexOf("$forgot_translate_1") > -1){
                        $("#p_log_email").html('$forgot_translate_1');
                        $("#log_verify_code").html('<input id="log_code" type="text" name="email" placeholder="$admin_f_subject"/>
');
                        $("#log_verify_btn").html('
$admin_verify_btn
');
                    }
                }
            },
            error: function(jqXHR, textStatus, errorThrown){
                alert('error');
            }
        });
    });
});
$(document).ready(function(){
    $('#log_verify').click(function(event){
        event.preventDefault();
        var code = $("#log_code").val();
        var verify = $("#log_verify").html();
        var dataStringTwo = 'code='+code+'&verify='+verify;
        $.ajax({
            type: 'POST',
            url: '$language_rewrite/$administrator_login/forgotpassword',
            data: dataStringTwo,
            beforeSend: function(){
                $("#login-msg").hide();
                $("#log_verify").html('$admin_verify_btn...');
            },
            success: function(html){
                if(html){
                    if(html.indexOf("1") > -1){
                        $("#log-verify").html('
FINISHED
');
                    }
                }
            },
            error: function(jqXHR, textStatus, errorThrown){
                alert('error');
            }
        });
    });
});

This is the HTML code that is being changed

    <input id="log_email" type="text" name="email" placeholder="<?php echo $translate_login_2; ?>"/>

        <input id="log_code" type="hidden" value=""/>

<?php echo $translate_login_8; ?>

    <input id="log_verify" type="hidden" value=""/>

The first Ajax functions works perfectly, and it changes the input field, however when I press the second button nothing happens. Not even an error, or a PHP error. Nothing. How come?

A: Event handlers are bound only to existing elements. For future elements you must use delegated events and bind to existing ancestor, or for instance the document itself.
$(document).on("click", ".future-elem", function() {
  // code here
});

Source: $.on - read: direct and delegated events
EDIT: just saw this was already being commented

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Home » Racist
MUSIC VIDEO: Eminem Serves Trump and His Great Wall Of Mexico
The singer, songwriter busts out a rap for The Donald. I have added music and visual effects to Eminem's impromptu rap. Because it seems fitting, here is Trump's Great, Great Wall of Mexico. Watch rare films and TV series in our Documentaries section. Watch Daily [continue reading].
POTUS: What Do Trump And Kent Univ. Shooting Have In Common?
With the Trump Administration in power an indisputable fact rings true – that history will repeat itself – often in the most terrifying violence and unspeakable inhumanity – we will find the cycle never-ending. And "Mark my words," the Trump era [continue reading].
Satire Video: Peter Griffin of Family Guy as Donald Trump the Ordinary Guy
President Donald Trump says he is an old-fashioned family guy – and I swear – Peter Griffin could be Trump's long-lost brother. So, here is my version of Peter Griffin from "Family Guy" playing the part of Donald Trump, as an ordinary guy. Enjoy! [continue reading].
CODEPINK: Petition Against Trump's Pick For US Ambassador
On February 15th, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu will meet with President Trump in Washington DC. Iran will be among the issues the two will discuss. The Iran nuclear deal, signed in 2015, lifted sanctions in exchange for limiting Iran's nuclear program and is one [continue reading].
Satire: Donald Trump Talks Policy With His Trusted Advisers
The Donald wants voters to know that he takes their domestic and foreign safety concerns serious. In order to prove that he's not clowning around, Don recently discussed with FOXY News, just how he plans to make America [continue reading].
USA: My Search For A Person, Place Or Thing The Donald Likes
My search began at Trump's Twitter where I hoped to find a lead. As it turns out his Twitter timeline, and those 66 LIKES – are all of himself. What I did find there, was enough people, places and things that Donald doesn't like to write a novel. So next I [continue reading].
Documentary: 2016 Election TV Special With Donald Trump
I'm not sure whether to laugh or cry! For your watching pleasure or displeasure: Due to our limited storage space we have removed this video to make room for new documentaries. You can still get your Trump fix by watching other videos from a selection of our Donald [continue reading].
Satire: Donald Trump Re-Brands American Politics
[continue reading].
Caption Donald Trump Winners Are Here!
UK's Channel 4 recently showed this entertaining documentary appropriately entitled: The Mad World of Donald Trump Matt Frei enters the colourful and mad world of presidential hopeful, Donald Trump. Discover the man behind the brand, from the multiple divorces, the [continue reading].
USA: Sanders Wins This Week's Social Popularity Contest
Donald Trump may be in for some competition for social media attention. For the first time in weeks, Bernie Sanders had the most popular tweet of the week and had six of the 10 most popular tweets of the week. But despite Sanders' Twitter success, Trump stayed Trump on social [continue reading].
🍁 CDN: PM Justin Trudeau Shows World How To Lead
On Thursday in Davos, Switzerland, at the annual meeting of the World Economic Forum, Trudeau pulled no punches as he vigorously defended the Canadian government's decision to welcome 25,000 Syrian refugees by the end of February. Less than two months ago, Canadian Prime [continue reading].


Today's Diesel price in Banswara (Rajasthan) is Rs. 69.75 per Litre. Last change in Banswara diesel price was on April 21, 2019 and it was increased by +0 rupees. In addition, we bring you the most recent diesel price changes in Banswara city. The diesel price is inclusive of Rajasthan state taxes.


text:
Sailor Falls Off New Warship
A sailor is recovering after falling overboard from Britain's newest warship.
The Royal Navy said the male junior rating on HMS Diamond "went overboard'' when the vessel was alongside at Portsmouth Naval Base, but some reports say the man jumped from the £1 billion type-45 destroyer.
He was rescued from the freezing water by a Ministry of Defence launch on patrol at the base.
A Royal Navy spokesman said that the rating, in his early 20s, was on duty at the time of the incident, in the early hours of Monday and no one else was involved.
"We are aware of an incident involving a junior rate from HMS Diamond that took place at 0230 on Monday Dec 20,'' he said.
"The individual is receiving appropriate medical treatment.
"It is too early to say whether there will be an investigation.''
HMS Diamond has a crew of 180 and is considered one of the most advanced warships in the world.
It was delivered to the Navy in September and is undergoing sea trials.
It is formally due into service with the Royal Navy next July.
Six of the warships will be commissioned into service in a £6 billion project. They will replace the fleet's ageing Type-42 destroyers.


1/4" OD suitable for Water Filtration Systems and plumbing applications.
John Guest High Pressure Food Grade Premium Grade Water Filter Tubing. Bulk Spool/Roll 152 Metres Suits 1/4" Quick connect SpeedFit Tested..


Would you turn Joel's first page? Be tough. Comments help the writer.
Yes, too much place-setting going on. China is very nice, silver is well polished and the crystal goblets sparkle in the light of the chandelier, but where is the main course and when is it going to be served?
No - nothing happened. It was all description. I've got to think that the author hasn't spent much time at this site.


Massachusetts repossessions. Here you can find a directory of organizations within Massachusetts which may have repo cars for sale, foreclosed houses, repossessed real-estate, RVs, in addition to boats.
Acheter Worldwide Colcrys On Sale, Get Now Colchicine.
ayer, For sale $5 en-el5 Batteries + Wall & Car Charger Adapter 4 Nikon … Ayer MA, United States – 4 weeks ago on ebay.com. For sale Auction.
Discover Ayer, MA homes for sale and real estate with realtor.com® real estate listings. 2,121 sq ft. 2 car. Contact Agent Contacted Agent. Brokered by Streamline Communities – Willows.
Repos For Sale. Save thousands on repo and insurance salvage cars, boats, motorycles, and more.
When it comes to used cars and the inventory you're looking for, there's no better place to search for your next vehicle than at Auction Direct USA. Used Cars for sale at Auction Direct USA. 1,033 Matches.
Cheap Flomax for sale online!
Domestic car sales decline 12.45%, bike sales up 7.45% in Jan.
View all Mercedes-Benz (used, 1989 to 2013) for sale in Japan. Prices starting $2743.5. Find cars on sale. Set filters, view details.


text:
Clashes erupt between Taliban and Masood forces in Takhar
Date 25/10/99 PESHAWAR (AIP): After a week-long silence at different frontlines of Afghanistan, clashes once again broke out in north between Taliban and Ahmad Shah Masood forces, killing eight people and injuring 12 others. Last night, Masood army attacked at Taliban forces at Bangi frontlin...
UNDCP providing no relief to poppy growers, Taliban tell EU
Date 19/10/99 PESHAWAR (AIP): Taliban have complained to the European Union (EU) against the indifferent attitude of UNDCP towards poppy growers, saying it was providing no assistance or relief to the peasants. The Afghan Foreign Ministry in letter to the EU has said that despite economic const...
Taliban confirm meeting with US officials in Washington
Date 19/10/99 PESHAWAR (AIP): Taliban confirmed their meeting with US official in Washington on the issue of Osama Bin Laden. A spokesman for Taliban supreme leader Mullah Omar, said that the Taliban and US foreign ministry officials met in Washington to decide about Osama, however, he said no...
Masood forces recapture several districts in north
Date 18/10/99 PESHAWAR (AIP): Northern Alliance forces claimed to have captured a vast area in northern Afghanistan. A spokesman for the alliance told AIP they launched a pre-dawn attack in Takhar province against Taliban forces and captured Khawja Ghar district there. He further said that afte...
Aryana Afghan Airlines wants UNSC sanctions withdrawn
Date 16/10/99 PESHAWAR (AIP): Aryana Afghan Airlines in a letter to United Nations has strongly protested over imposition of sanctions on the airliners, saying it would not harm the Afghan government but would affect the people of Afghanistan. A statement issued by the Aryana Afghan Airlines sa...
Afghan Aryana Airlines appeals UNSC for ignoring US proposals
Date 15/10/99 PESHAWAR (AIP): Aryana Airlines of Afghanistan in a letter to United Nations has said that the airliners had no connection with the political, military and illegal activities and imposition of curbs over it would be unjust. The letter has been sent to Union Nations Security Counci...
Opposition attack repelled: opposition
Date 12-10-99 PESHAWAR (AIP): Taliban claimed to have repelled the opposition force attack on a district in Takhar province. According to details, Ahamd Shah Masood army attacked Ambar Koh area in district Khwaja Ghar in Takhar province, sparking a fierce three hours gunbattle. Four persons...
Taliban seek UN representation
Date 27/9/99 PESHAWAR (AIP): Taliban have wrote a protest letter to the United Nations, saying ninety percent of Afghanistan was in their control and have full backing of the people of Afghanistan. A Taliban source told AIP that it has been written in the letter that the United Nations has give...
Opp claims capturing several villages in Farah, Ghor
Date 23/9/99 PESHAWAR (AIP): Northern Alliance forces claimed capturing several villages in Ghor and Farah provinces, adding 12 Taliban fighters were also detained during the clashes. The alliance sources said that they captured 150 villages in Farah and 28 in Ghor province. However, a Talib...
Dostum men free Jowzjan governor
Date 16-9-99 PESHAWAR (AIP): The opposition forces of Taliban set free the governor of Jowzjan, Mualvi Wali Jan while the Taliban also freed 22 men of their opposition forces as a goodwill gesture. Dostum, a key opposition ally, kidnapped the Jowzjan governor Wali Jan along with nine others a...


text:
This article is about the comic book storyline. For other uses, see Second civil war.
"Civil War II" is a 2016 comic book crossover storyline published by Marvel Comics. Debuting in June of that year, it is the sequel to 2006's "Civil War" and consists of a nine-issue eponymous core limited series, by writer Brian Michael Bendis and artists David Marquez and Justin Ponsor, and a number of tie-in books. Functioning as an allegory about the nature of determinism versus free will,[1][2] the story sees opposing factions of superheroes led by Captain Marvel and Iron Man come into conflict when a new Inhuman named Ulysses emerges with the ability to predict the future. The debut of the series was scheduled to capitalize on the release of the 2016 Marvel Studios film Captain America: Civil War.
Cover of Civil War II #1 (June 2016). Art by Marko Djurdjevic.
June – December 2016
No. of issues
Main character(s)
Letterer(s)
Colorist(s)
The storyline was preluded by a series of comic books collectively titled "The Road to Civil War II". "Civil War II" also ties into several new limited series including: Civil War II: Amazing Spider-Man, Civil War II: Choosing Sides, Civil War II: Gods of War, Civil War II: Kingpin, Civil War II: Ulysses, and Civil War II: X-Men, the one-shots: Civil War II: The Accused and Civil War II: The Fallen, and numerous ongoing series. The storyline was succeeded by the one-shot Civil War II: The Oath.
"Civil War II" received mixed reviews from critics and modest yet declining sales figures from its high in June 2016 to its end in December. The repercussions of the storyline resulted in the new status quo of the Marvel Universe presented in the subsequent "Divided We Stand" storyline, which was released as part of the company's 2016 Marvel NOW! relaunch.
3 Titles involved
4 Collected editions
5.1 Critical response
5.2 Sales
6 In other media
6.2 Video game
Publication historyEdit
In December 2015, Marvel Comics announced the details of "Civil War II", whose core miniseries would be produced by writer Brian Michael Bendis, artist David Marquez, colorist Justin Ponsor, and editor Tom Brevoort.[3] The series, which debuted in June 2016,[4] is a sequel to the 2006 "Civil War" storyline which pitted Iron Man against Captain America (Steve Rogers) in a conflict about national security versus civil liberties.[5] Brevoort, who also edited the first series, stated, "The attempt was to craft the conflict so that each side held a valid and defensible position, so that a reader could fundamentally agree with either one side or the other, with neither being painted as absolutely right or absolutely wrong. While the issues involved are different, we'll be taking the same approach to Civil War II."[3] Bendis, who wrote The New Avengers tie-in issues for the original "Civil War" storyline, stated that he only agreed to write the sequel after Mark Millar and Steve McNiven, the creators of the 2006 miniseries, turned it down.[6]
Writer Brian Michael Bendis signing copies of the central miniseries' first issue at Midtown Comics in Manhattan
The idea of the sequel was conceived at one of Marvel's semi-annual editorial retreats.[5] Axel Alonso, editor-in-chief of Marvel Comics, stated that unlike other major comic book storylines which take years of planning, he only had three to four months to plan "Civil War II". This abbreviated timetable was necessary in order to capitalize on the release of the feature film Captain America: Civil War, which was released in May 2016.[7] According to the official synopsis, a strange new character with the power to accurately predict the outcome of future events comes to the attention of the world. This power divides the heroes on how best to utilize the information, with Captain Marvel advocating the prevention of future crimes before they occur by targeting the would-be perpetrators, and Iron Man believing that "the punishment cannot come before the crime." The situation reaches a turning point when it is predicted that one of the heroes will be the cause of major destruction, forcing the others to make a difficult decision. Bendis said, "People's personal accountability is the theme of this one ... from the way cops are acting on camera, to the way people talk to each other online." [5] The plot for "Civil War II" began to develop in the second volume of The Invincible Iron Man, which is also written by Bendis and drawn by Marquez.[8]
In March 2016, Marvel revealed which characters will appear on the opposing factions. They also revealed two spin-off series: Civil War II: Spider-Man from writer Christos Gage and artist Travel Foreman, and Civil War II: X-Men from writer Cullen Bunn and artist Andrea Broccardo.[9] Bunn explained, "This tale is set into motion by the same catalyst that sets 'Civil War II' into motion. A new power emerges among the Inhumans. This power, in Magneto's eyes, could be very dangerous to the mutant population, so—in typical Master of Magnetism fashion—he decides to take it for himself. As you can imagine, something like that could very easily start a war between the Inhumans and the mutants. Storm sees this and decides to stand in Magneto's way."[10] In Civil War II: Amazing Spider-Man, Spider-Man helps a precognitive Inhuman use his powers responsibly. "Over the course of the miniseries, the Inhuman will make a prediction that, while not of the world-or universe-ending variety, could well mean the end of one character's world. It's really dealing with classic Spider-Man themes: power and responsibility; facing a situation where even if you win, you can also lose – or you can just lose," Gage elaborated.[11]
At the 2016 Chicago Comic & Entertainment Expo in March, two additional spin-off series were announced: Civil War II: Choosing Sides, an anthology series by Declan Shalvey which will feature a different character in each issue and have an overarching story involving Nick Fury; and Civil War II: Gods of War by writer Dan Abnett and artist Luke Ross, which stars Hercules.[12] Abnett said, "Hercules is going to get involved more on a personal level in terms of his individual friendships with people rather than specifically taking a side because he objects to the whole thing anyway. He doesn't want to be taking a side."[13] Marvel also named ten additional tie-in series: All-New Wolverine, Captain America: Sam Wilson, Deadpool, Invincible Iron Man, Ms. Marvel, The New Avengers, Nova, The Totally Awesome Hulk, Ultimates, and Uncanny Inhumans.[12]
The following month, Marvel announced Civil War II: Kingpin by writer Matthew Rosenberg and artist Ricardo Lopez Ortiz. Rosenberg said, "Wilson Fisk is an opportunist, first and foremost. Under his selfish motives, his brutal exterior, or even the facade he puts up as a pillar of his community, he is a man who sees ways to benefit himself and he takes them ... He wants to get whatever he can, however he can, and see how far he can push things. He is in the business of furthering Wilson Fisk, and the new Civil War will provide him a unique opportunity. He is a Civil War profiteer."[14]
In May 2016, Marvel released additional prelude stories in a Free Comic Book Day edition by Bendis and artist Jim Cheung,[15] and a zero issue by Bendis and artist Oliver Coipel.[16] Also in May, details were shared on a three issue tie-in series titled Civil War II: Ulysses from writer Al Ewing and artist Jefte Palo. The series focuses on Ulysses, the new Inhuman with the power to predict the future at the center of "Civil War II". Ewing described the series as "a prequel of sorts", explaining, "we're following Ulysses as he's taken to the Tower of Wisdom – a sort of Inhuman temple of learning, for want of a better term – to be trained by Karnak, whose Inhuman ability is to see the flaw in all things. Karnak's training methods might be more than Ulysses can handle, though."[17] The next month, Alonso said "Civil War II" would set a new status quo in the Marvel Universe, which would be presented in the "Divided We Stand" storyline as part of the company's 2016 Marvel NOW! relaunch.[18]
In July 2016, Marvel announced three additional one-shots: Civil War II: The Accused, Civil War II: The Fallen, and Civil War II: The Oath. Civil War II: The Accused, by Marc Guggenheim and Ramon Bachs, follows the events of Civil War II #3 and depicts the trial of Hawkeye for killing the Hulk with Daredevil as lead prosecutor. Guggenheim described the book as a legal thriller saying, "The way I pitched this to Marvel was that it is a 30-page Scott Turow novel. But at the same time it is also a comic book."[19] Civil War II: The Fallen, by Greg Pak and Mark Bagley, takes place at the Hulk's funeral.[20] Civil War II: The Oath, by Nick Spencer and Rod Reis, is an epilogue story that parallels Civil War: The Confession #1 (May 2007), the epilogue of the original Civil War, which featured the final conversation between Iron Man and Steve Rogers. In The Oath, Iron Man and Captain Marvel turn to Rogers, the one person that they both trust.[21]
In August 2016, Bendis stated issue #5 was delayed due to the birth of Marquez's son and that Marvel extended the series to eight issues, explaining, "David [Marquez] has been handing in about a page a day for the last couple of weeks so we're getting back on track. So much so that Marvel greenlit an 8th issue for us. I came up with a better ending but needed the pages. Very grateful that they let us do our thing."[22] The delay also caused the remaining issues to be pushed back with issue #8 being released in December 2016.[23]
Ulysses Cain, a student at Ohio State University, is exposed to the Terrigen Mist, which turns him into an Inhuman. When he emerges, Ulysses has a vision of a dystopian future.[24]
Weeks later, the Inhumans help the Avengers defeat an invading Celestial Destroyer. After Ulysses reveals to the Avengers that he foresaw the invasion, Iron Man protests the logic of stopping crimes before they occur and leaves in frustration. Three weeks later, War Machine is killed and She-Hulk is mortally wounded in battle with Thanos. When he learns that they used Ulysses' precognitive power to ambush Thanos, Iron Man vows to make sure that nobody uses it again. As She-Hulk goes into cardiac arrest, she tells Captain Marvel to fight for the future.[25]
Iron Man kidnaps Ulysses from New Attilan, home of the Inhumans. In response, the Inhumans attack Stark Tower, but are halted by the Avengers. To avoid further incident, they agree to confront Iron Man together at the secret facility where he has been running tests on Ulysses. During the confrontation, Ulysses has a vision of Hulk killing the Avengers.[26]
Later, Bruce Banner, Hulk's former alter ego, is approached by Captain Marvel at his laboratory outside Alpine, Utah.[26] Captain Marvel asks Banner to step outside where the Avengers are waiting to confront him. During the confrontation, Hawkeye shoots Banner dead and is immediately arrested.[27]
At Hawkeye's trial, Hawkeye testifies that Banner approached him months earlier and asked that he kill him should Banner ever lose control.[27] After Hawkeye is acquitted of all charges, Iron Man informs the other heroes of his test results: Ulysses' power is based on probability calculations, not absolute truth. Unpersuaded, Captain Marvel returns to the Triskelion, headquarters of the Ultimates, to continue her investigation of a suspected Hydra agent. There, Captain Marvel, the Ultimates, Alpha Flight, and Storm's X-Men are confronted by Iron Man, the Avengers, and Magneto's X-Men. Outnumbered, Captain Marvel calls in the Guardians of the Galaxy as back up as Iron Man's team is about to attack.[28]
As the battle escalates, the Inhumans arrive to aid Captain Marvel while Ulysses has a vision of Miles Morales killing Steve Rogers. In reaction, Captain Marvel places Morales under arrest.[29] While Iron Man and Captain Marvel argue the merits of arresting Morales, Rogers gives Morales the opportunity to decide for himself and Morales asks to go home. As Morales leaves, Maria Hill places Iron Man's team under arrest but Doctor Strange teleports them to one of Nick Fury's safehouses. At the safehouse, the younger Avengers sneak off to find Morales before the adults. Meanwhile, Hill receives communication that Morales is at the United States Capitol, the location seen in Ulysses' vision.[30]
Ulysses has a vision of himself in the wasteland of an unknown future and meeting an older Wolverine. Wolverine tells Ulysses that the Inhumans have left the planet because Iron Man "pushed her too far." When the vision is over, Ulysses warns Medusa, queen of the Inhumans, about what he saw. Meanwhile, Rogers approaches Morales at the Capitol to gain some understanding about Ulysses' vision.[31]
As Captain Marvel arrives to take Morales into custody, Iron Man intercepts and attacks Captain Marvel.[31] Medusa warns the other heroes of Ulysses' vision and they try in vain to stop the fight. After Captain Marvel delivers a seemingly fatal blow to Iron Man, Ulysses has multiple visions of possible futures. Ulysses is then approached by Eternity and takes a place at his side as a new cosmic entity. Later, Captain Marvel meets with the President of the United States and is offered unlimited resources to lead the superhero community into the future.[32]
Titles involvedEdit
Issue(s)
Road to Civil War II
All-New Wolverine #8–9 Tom Taylor (W), Marcio Takara (A)
Invincible Iron Man #7–11 Brian Michael Bendis (W), Mike Deodato Jr. (A)
Ms. Marvel #7 G. Willow Wilson (W), Takeshi Miyazawa (A)
Ultimates #7 Al Ewing (W), Kenneth Rocafort (A)
Civil War II Free Comic Book Day 2016 (Civil War II) Brian Michael Bendis (W), Jim Cheung (A)
Civil War II #0–8 Brian Michael Bendis (W), David Marquez (A)
Tie-ins
Civil War II: The Accused #1 Marc Guggenheim (W), Ramon Bachs (A)
Civil War II: Amazing Spider-Man #1–4 Christos N. Gage (W), Travel Foreman (A)
Civil War II: Choosing Sides #1–6 Various (W), Declan Shalvey & Various (A)
Civil War II: The Fallen #1 Greg Pak (W), Mark Bagley (A)
Civil War II: Gods of War #1–4 Dan Abnett (W), Emilio Laiso (A)
Civil War II: Kingpin #1–4 Matthew Rosenberg (W), Ricardo Lopez Ortiz (A)
Civil War II: The Oath #1 Nick Spencer (W), Rod Reis (A)
Civil War II: Ulysses #1–3 Al Ewing (W), Jefte Palo (A)
Civil War II: X-Men #1–4 Cullen Bunn (W), Andrea Broccardo (A)
A-Force #8–10 Kelly Thompson (W), Paulo Siqueira (A)
Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. #7–10 Marc Guggenheim (W), German Peralta (A)
All-New All Different Avengers #13–15 Mark Waid (W), Adam Kubert (A)
All-New Wolverine #10–12 Tom Taylor (W), Marcio Takara (A)
Captain America: Sam Wilson #10–13 Nick Spencer (W), Angel Unzueta (A)
Captain America: Steve Rogers #4–6 Nick Spencer (W), Jesus Saiz (A)
Captain Marvel #6–10 Tara Butters (W), Michele Fazekas (A)
Deadpool #14–18 Gerry Duggan (W), Mike Hawthorne (A)
Guardians of the Galaxy #11–13 Brian Michael Bendis (W), Valerio Schiti (A)
International Iron Man #4 Brian Michael Bendis (W), Alex Maleev (A)
Invincible Iron Man #12–14 Brian Michael Bendis (W), Mike Deodato Jr. (A)
Mockingbird #6–8 Chelsea Cain (W), Kate Niemczyk (A)
Ms. Marvel #8–11 G. Willow Wilson (W), Takeshi Miyazawa (A)
New Avengers #12–17 Al Ewing (W), Gerardo Sandoval (A)
Nova #8–9 Sean Ryan (W), R. B. Silva (A)
Patsy Walker AKA Hellcat! #8 Kate Leth (W), Brittney Williams (A)
Power Man and Iron Fist #6–9 David Walker (W), Flaviano Armentaro (A)
Rocket Raccoon & Groot #8–10 Nick Kocher (W), Michael Walsh (A)
Scarlet Witch #9 James Robinson (W), Joelle Jones (A)
Spider-Man #6–10 Brian Michael Bendis (W), Sara Pichelli (A)
Spider-Man 2099 #13–16 Peter David (W), William Sliney (A)
Spider-Woman #9–11 Dennis Hopeless (W), Javier Rodriguez (A)
Squadron Supreme #9–12 James Robinson (W), Leonard Kirk (A)
Thunderbolts #5 Jim Zub (W), Jon Malin (A)
Totally Awesome Hulk #7–12 Greg Pak (W), Alan Davis (A)
Ultimates #8–12 Al Ewing (W), Kenneth Rocafort (A)
Uncanny Avengers #13–14 Gerry Duggan (W), Ryan Stegman (A)
Uncanny Inhumans #11–14 Charles Soule (W), Carlos Pacheco (A)
Venom: Space Knight #11–12 Robbie Thompson (W), Gerardo Sandoval (A)
Collected editionsEdit
Material collected
Civil War II Civil War II 0–8, Free Comic Book Day 2016 February 14, 2017 978-1-302-90156-1
Civil War II: Amazing Spider-Man Civil War II: Amazing Spider-Man 1-4, material from Amazing Spider-Man (2014) 7-8 November 22, 2016 978-1-302-90250-6
Civil War II: Choosing Sides Civil War II: Choosing Sides 1-6 November 22, 2016 978-1-302-90251-3
Civil War II: Fallout Civil War II: Ulysses 1-6, Civil War II: The Fallen 1, Civil War II: The Accused 1, Civil War II: The Oath 1 April 4, 2017 978-1-302-90239-1
Civil War II: Gods of War Civil War II: Gods of War 1-4, Journey Into Mystery Annual (1965) 1 November 22, 2016 978-1-302-90034-2
Civil War II: Kingpin Civil War II: Kingpin 1-4, Amazing Spider-Man (1963) 51 November 29, 2016 978-1-302-90253-7
Civil War II: X-Men Civil War II: X-Men 1-4, Amazing Adventures (1970) 9 November 29, 2016 978-1-302-90254-4
Critical responseEdit
Aggregate scores
Comic Book Roundup
0 7.3/10 23 [33]
According to the review aggregator website Comic Book Roundup, issue #0 received an average score of 7.3/10 based on 23 reviews from critics.[33] Leia Calderon of Comic Book Resources (CBR) gave it four-out-of-five stars writing, "Overall, Bendis and Coipel's Civil War II #0 serves the sole purpose of laying out the foundation for the series. Despite being driven almost entirely by dialogue, it's never once boring, and the only real issue is the question on everyone's minds: Where is Iron Man?"[42] Jesse Schedeen of IGN gave it an 8.3 out of 10 saying, "Between the lackluster FCBD Special and Marvel's general track record with major crossovers, there's plenty of reason to worry about Civil War II. But the good news is that this prologue issue makes a strong case for the upcoming event. It clearly lays out the brewing conflict and makes a strong case for both viewpoints." [43] David Pepose of Newsarama gave it an 8 out of 10 and said, "Minor flaws in the premise aside, Bendis and Coipel deliver some surprisingly charming work with Civil War II #0, which — at least thus far — doesn't feel like the shameless cash-in that you might expect from this summer event sequel."[44]
Issue #1 received an average score of 7.3/10 based on 26 reviews from critics on Comic Book Roundup.[34] Greg McElhatton of CBR gave it four stars writing, "Overall, Civil War II #1 is a good launching point for this miniseries, even as it integrates the information from Civil War II #0 and the Free Comic Book Day special. I'm curious to see if Bendis and Marquez can maintain this level of tension and what they'll add into the mix to keep the conflict burning strong. For now, though, it's more than enough to get readers coming back for more."[45] Schedeen gave it a 7.1 saying, "This first issue cleanly establishes the conflict and delivers a nonstop stream of gorgeous artwork. However, it offers few surprises for those not already familiar with the basics of this crossover, and it often fails to elicit a strong emotional response in the way the first issue of Civil War did ten years ago."[46] Richard Gray of Newsarama gave it a 7 and said, "At this early stage, Civil War II suffers some of the problems that have beleaguered similar narratives in recent years, principally in seeing heroes all too quick to take sides against comrades on a possible future. Yet this is also just the beginning of something much larger, and while it may seem at times like this is an extended version of the 'zero' issue that preceded it, all the pieces are now in place for the 'war' proper to commence."[47]
Issue #2 received an average score of 6.0/10 based on 26 reviews from critics on Comic Book Roundup.[35] Schedeen gave it a 6.5 saying, "Given that this is technically the fourth Civil War II comic Bendis has written now, it's disappointing that the story is still in such a nascent stage. This isn't a civil war so much as 'Everybody is mad at Tony Stark.' Tony's characterization is sound, and the visuals in this book are downright fantastic, but those qualities aren't enough to give this Civil War sequel the spark it needs."[48] Pepose gave it a 3 and said, "Right now, there's none of the thematic or dramatic weight of the original Civil War in this sequel, which is quickly burning off the initial goodwill from its zero issue and its Free Comic Book Day Special."[49]
Issue #3 received an average score of 6.3/10 based on 23 reviews from critics on Comic Book Roundup.[36] Schedeen gave it a 5.1 saying, "Civil War II looks every bit as good as you'd expect from Marvel's flagship event comic. Unfortunately, this series doesn't have nearly enough to offer beneath that gorgeous exterior. There's too much dialogue and exposition and not enough progress or dramatic weight to the story."[50] Pepose gave it a 6 and said, "Civil War II #3 is a decent chapter of an event story that feels like plenty of other event stories. But as far as memorials go, it's unfortunately pretty forgettable fare."[51]
Issue #4 received an average score of 5.7/10 based on 20 reviews from critics on Comic Book Roundup.[37] Schedeen gave it a 7.3 saying, "Civil War II #4 picks up the pace and boasts more stunning art, but the characterization remains flawed."[52] Pepose gave it a 3 and said, "I want to like this series. I want to like this story. But we're already halfway through this series, and Civil War II has barely even shown up."[53]
Issue #5 received an average score of 5.7/10 based on 19 reviews from critics on Comic Book Roundup.[38] Schedeen gave it a 4.4 saying, "This issue fixates on an extended superhero brawl that lacks dramatic weight (or even narrative logic) before transitioning into a very disappointing twist that threatens to derail the series for good."[54] Pepose gave it an 8 and said, "While it appears that the superhero fisticuffs might be taking yet a breather[sic] after this chapter, it's hard to deny the sheer fun Civil War II #5 has to offer."[55]
Issue #6 received an average score of 5.8/10 based on 17 reviews from critics on Comic Book Roundup.[39] Schedeen gave it a 6.3 saying, "Civil War II has had trouble building momentum from the beginning, and this issue does nothing to address that problem. There are some strong emotional moments here, and plenty of stunning artwork from Marquez and Ponsor, but the sluggish pace and generally listless nature of the conflict continue to frustrate."[56] Pepose gave it a 3 and said, "We have two issues left on this series, and judging by the cliffhanger, it might mean something - but at this point, Civil War II has largely been about circling a conflict rather than diving into it head-on, leaving this event book about as unsatisfying as it gets."[57]
Issue #7 received an average score of 6.3/10 based on 15 reviews from critics on Comic Book Roundup.[40] Schedeen gave it a 7.8 saying, "Issue #7 is easily one of the stronger chapters of Civil War II. That doesn't say a great deal at this point, but it is still nice to see Bendis focusing on a smaller, more intimate cast here."[58] Pepose gave it a 6 and said, "With only one issue left to go, Civil War II remains a disappointing chapter for the House of Ideas. Even this series' biggest moments feel calculated rather than organic, trying to goose sales with a handful of character deaths without really digging in too deeply about the underlying issues underneath."[59]
Issue #8 received an average score of 5.0/10 based on 20 reviews from critics on Comic Book Roundup.[41] Schedeen gave it a 5.3 saying, "Civil War II ends with what is easily one of the weakest chapters of the entire crossover. This issue is anticlimactic and fails to wring much emotion from the final battle between Captain Marvel and Iron Man."[60] Justin Partridge of Newsarama gave it a 3 and said, "To summarize, Civil War II #8 was basically an episode of Whose Line Is It Anyway?: Everything was made up and the stakes didn't matter ... Brian Michael Bendis, who has delivered some fantastic events in his long career, limps across the finish line in this eighth issue, employing a hefty bit of deus ex 'Cosmic Power of the Universe' for what can only be described as the opposite of a game changer."[61]
SalesEdit
Estimated number of copies sold in the debut month of each issue's release.
Number of copies by the nearest thousand
Civil War II #0 sold an estimated 177,283 copies in May 2016, making it the second best selling comic of the month behind DC Universe: Rebirth #1.[62] Strong orders for the issue led Marvel to announce a second printing on May 5,[63] thirteen days before the issue went on sale.[64] In June 2016, issue #1 sold an estimated 381,737 copies, making it the best selling comic of the month, while issue #2 came in fifth place, selling an estimated 148,403 copies.[65] In August, issue #3 came in fourth place, selling an estimated 176,876 copies, while issue #4 came in seventh place with 126,865 copies sold.[66] In September, issue #5 debuted in fourth place, selling an estimated 120,208 copies.[67] In October, issue #6 debuted in seventh place, selling an estimated 118,625 copies.[68] In November, issue #7 debuted in third place, selling an estimated 116,446 copies.[69] In December, issue #8 debuted in sixth place, selling an estimated 105,658 copies.[70]
In other mediaEdit
TelevisionEdit
A storyline closely resembling Civil War II as it features Iron Man and Captain Marvel in opposition to each other was adapted in the four-part Season 3 finale of Avengers Assemble. In this version of the storyline, the Registration Act targets new Inhumans, and teams of Avengers come into conflict over the issue, as in other adaptations. It is revealed in Part 3, however, that the Inhuman Registration Act is actually part of a plan by Truman Marsh (actually Ultron in disguise) to begin the Ultron Revolution by manipulating humans and Inhumans into destroying each other, which is foiled by the combined efforts of the Avengers.[71]
Video gameEdit
The storyline was the inspiration for an add-on mission in the video game, Marvel: Avengers Alliance. In the mission, a powerful new Inhuman called "The Profiler" has a vision in which Doctor Doom terminates the Inhumans. As the Inhumans move to capture Doom before the event occurs, the Avengers become divided in regards to punishing crimes before they occur.[72]
^ Simpson Browne, Kit (March 18, 2016). "Marvel's Opposing 'Civil War II' Teams Are Super Surprising". Moviepilot. Archived from the original on March 20, 2016. Retrieved March 22, 2016. In other words, it's the classic match up of determinism versus free will, only with more superheroes punching one another.
^ Helvie, Forrest C. (March 21, 2016). "C2E2 2016: Civil War II: Choosing Sides". Marvel.com. Retrieved April 14, 2016. With the conflict brewing between Captain Marvel and Iron Man, the question becomes one of pre-determinism.
^ a b Morse, Ben (December 7, 2015). "The Drums Sound for Civil War II". Marvel.com. Retrieved January 12, 2016.
^ Morse, Ben (January 11, 2015). "The Road to Civil War II Begins". Marvel Comics. Retrieved January 13, 2016.
^ a b c Sacks, Ethan (January 10, 2016). "Exclusive: Inside Marvel's secret editorial retreat for 'Civil War II' as publisher plans death of major character". New York Daily News. Retrieved January 12, 2016.
^ Gerding, Steven (December 11, 2015). "Marvel Approached Mark Millar to Write "Civil War II"". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved January 12, 2016.
^ Bentancourt, David (February 3, 2016). "Marvel's top editor sketches out the details for its next big event: 'Civil War II'". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 5, 2016.
^ Richards, Dave (December 11, 2015). "Bendis & Marquez March 'Iron Man' Down the Path to 'Civil War II'". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved January 12, 2016.
^ Perry, Spencer (March 18, 2016). "Marvel's Civil War II teams revealed". Super Hero Hype!. Retrieved March 22, 2016.
^ Richards, Dave (March 22, 2016). "Bunn Explains How Magneto's Actions Push the 'Uncanny X-Men' into 'Civil War II'". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved March 22, 2016.
^ Richards, Dave (March 19, 2016). "C2E2: Gage's "Civil War II: Spider-Man" Sets Peter Up to Lose, Even if He Wins". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved March 22, 2016.
^ a b Perry, Spencer (March 21, 2016). "More Marvel's Civil War II Tie-In Comics Revealed". Super Hero Hype!. Retrieved March 22, 2016.
^ Richards, Dave (March 19, 2016). "C2E2 EXCL: Abnett's "Civil War II: Gods of War" is Hercules Meets Ancient Expendables". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved March 22, 2016.
^ Beard, Jim (April 4, 2016). "Exclusive: The Kingpin Turns Civil War Profiteer in New Limited Series". Marvel.com. Retrieved April 14, 2016.
^ Ching, Albert (January 15, 2015). "Marvel to Preview "Civil War II" and Introduce All-New Wasp in FCBD Issue". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved January 15, 2016.
^ Shiach, Kieran (April 25, 2016). "The War Begins In Bendis And Coipel's 'Civil War II' #0 [Preview]". Comics Alliance. Retrieved March 3, 2017.
^ Hanks, Henry (May 9, 2016). "Marvel Comics' Al Ewing on what to expect from the Inhuman at the heart of Civil War II". blastr.com. Retrieved May 19, 2016.
^ Arrant, Chris (June 30, 2016). "Alonso: Marvel NOW! 'Divided We Stand' Characters Are The Status Quo After CIVIL WAR II". Newsarama. Retrieved June 30, 2016.
^ Stevens, Tim (July 14, 2016). "Civil War II: Standing for the Accused". Marvel.com. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
^ Dietsch, TJ (July 14, 2016). "Civil War II: Mourning the Fallen". Marvel.com. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
^ Parkin, JK (July 24, 2016). "SDCC 2016: Civil War II: The Oath". Marvel.com. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
^ Damore, Meagan (August 15, 2016). ""Civil War II" Extended to Eight Issues". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved August 15, 2016.
^ Tsirbas, Christos (September 13, 2016). "Civil War II Finale Issue Pushed Back To December". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved September 13, 2016.
^ Bendis, Brian Michael (w), Coipel, Olivier (a), Ponsor, Justin (col), Cowles, Clayton (let), Brevoort, Tom; Moss, Wil (ed). Civil War II 0 (May 2016), Marvel Comics
^ Bendis, Brian Michael (w), Marquez, David (a), Ponsor, Justin (col), Cowles, Clayton (let), Brevoort, Tom; Moss, Wil (ed). Civil War II 1 (June 2016), Marvel Comics
^ a b Bendis, Brian Michael (w), Marquez, David (a), Ponsor, Justin (col), Cowles, Clayton (let), Brevoort, Tom; Moss, Wil (ed). Civil War II 2 (June 2016), Marvel Comics
^ a b Bendis, Brian Michael (w), Marquez, David (a), Ponsor, Justin (col), Cowles, Clayton (let), Brevoort, Tom; Moss, Wil (ed). Civil War II 3 (July 2016), Marvel Comics
^ Bendis, Brian Michael (w), Marquez, David (a), Ponsor, Justin (col), Cowles, Clayton (let), Brevoort, Tom; Moss, Wil (ed). Civil War II 4 (July 2016), Marvel Comics
^ Bendis, Brian Michael (w), Marquez, David (a), Ponsor, Justin (col), Cowles, Clayton (let), Brevoort, Tom; Moss, Wil (ed). Civil War II 5 (September 2016), Marvel Comics
^ Bendis, Brian Michael (w), Marquez, David (a), Ponsor, Justin (col), Cowles, Clayton (let), Brevoort, Tom; Moss, Wil (ed). Civil War II 6 (October 2016), Marvel Comics
^ a b Bendis, Brian Michael (w), Marquez, David (a), Ponsor, Justin (col), Cowles, Clayton (let), Brevoort, Tom; Moss, Wil (ed). Civil War II 7 (November 2016), Marvel Comics
^ Bendis, Brian Michael (w), Marquez, David (a), Ponsor, Justin (col), Cowles, Clayton (let), Brevoort, Tom; Moss, Wil (ed). Civil War II 8 (December 2016), Marvel Comics
^ a b "Civil War II #0 Reviews". Comic Book Round Up. Archived from the original on May 21, 2016. Retrieved May 19, 2016.
^ a b "Civil War II #1 Reviews". Comic Book Round Up. Archived from the original on June 4, 2016. Retrieved June 1, 2016.
^ a b "Civil War II #2 Reviews". Comic Book Round Up. Archived from the original on June 18, 2016. Retrieved June 16, 2016.
^ a b "Civil War II #3 Reviews". Comic Book Round Up. Archived from the original on July 28, 2016. Retrieved July 28, 2016.
^ a b "Civil War II #5 Reviews". Comic Book Round Up. Archived from the original on September 26, 2016. Retrieved October 27, 2016.
^ a b "Civil War II #6 Reviews". Comic Book Round Up. Archived from the original on October 30, 2016. Retrieved November 28, 2016.
^ a b "Civil War II #7 Reviews". Comic Book Round Up. Retrieved November 28, 2016.
^ a b "Civil War II #8 Reviews". Comic Book Round Up. Retrieved March 6, 2017.
^ Calderon, Leia (May 19, 2016). "Review: Civil War II #0". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved May 20, 2016.
^ Schedeen, Jesse (May 18, 2016). "Civil War 2 #0 Review". IGN. Retrieved May 18, 2016.
^ Pepose, David (May 18, 2016). "Best Shots Reviews: Civil War II #0, Superman: American Alien #7, Twilight Children". Newsarama. Retrieved May 19, 2016.
^ McElhatton, Greg (June 1, 2016). "Review: Civil War II #1". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved June 1, 2016.
^ Schedeen, Jesse (June 1, 2016). "Civil War 2 #1 Review". IGN. Retrieved June 1, 2016.
^ Gray, Richard (June 1, 2016). "Best Shots Review: Civil War II #1 Promises 'Big Goals' & Delivers 'Massive Tragedies'". Newsarama. Retrieved June 1, 2016.
^ Schedeen, Jesse (June 15, 2016). "Civil War 2 #2 Review". IGN. Retrieved June 16, 2016.
^ Pepose, David (June 15, 2016). "Best Shots Review: Marvel's Civil War II #2 - 'Quickly Burning Off the Initial Goodwill'". Newsarama. Retrieved June 16, 2016.
^ Schedeen, Jesse (July 13, 2016). "Civil War 2 #3 Review". IGN. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
^ Pepose, David (July 13, 2016). "Best Shots Review: Civil War II #3 - [Redacted]'s Death Surprising, Shocking, Abrupt - Spoilers". Newsarama. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
^ Schedeen, Jesse (July 27, 2016). "Civil War II #4 Review". IGN. Retrieved July 28, 2016.
^ Pepose, David (July 27, 2016). "Best Shots Reviews: Civil War II #4, Titans #1, Future Quest #3, More". Newsarama. Retrieved July 28, 2016.
^ Schedeen, Jesse (September 21, 2016). "Civil War II #5 Review". IGN. Retrieved July 28, 2016.
^ Pepose, David (September 21, 2016). "Best Shots Review: Civil War II #5's 'Sheer Fun Hard To Deny'". Newsarama. Retrieved September 21, 2016.
^ Schedeen, Jesse (October 26, 2016). "Civil War II #6 Review". IGN. Retrieved October 27, 2016.
^ Pepose, David (October 26, 2016). "Best Shots Review: Civil War II #6 'Painfully Dull' & 'All Talk' (3/10)". Newsarama. Retrieved October 27, 2016.
^ Schedeen, Jesse (November 23, 2016). "Civil War II #7 Review". IGN. Retrieved November 28, 2016.
^ Pepose, David (November 23, 2016). "Best Shots Review: Civil War II #7 'Biggest Moments Feel Calculated Rather Than Organic'". Newsarama. Retrieved November 28, 2016.
^ Schedeen, Jesse (December 28, 2016). "Civil War II #8 Review". IGN. Retrieved January 3, 2017.
^ Partridge, Justin (December 28, 2016). "Best Shots Review: CIVIL WAR II #8 'Limps Across The Finish Line' (3/10)". Newsarama. Retrieved January 3, 2017.
^ Mayo, John (June 13, 2016). ""DC Universe: Rebirth" Sells 235k Copies, "Civil War II" #0 Tops 175k". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved June 14, 2016.
^ (May 5, 2016), "Second Prints For Civil War, Deadpool, Moon Knight, Renato Jones," Bleeding Cool. Retrieved June 14, 2016
^ (April 25, 2016), "Preview: Civil War II #0 ," Comic Book Resources. Retrieved June 14, 2016
^ Mayo, John (July 11, 2016). ""Civil War II" Sells Over 500K Copies in June, "Batman" Cracks 400K". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved July 28, 2016.
^ Mayo, John (August 15, 2016). "DC Comics' Rebirth Dominates July's Top 20 Sales Positions". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved August 15, 2016.
^ Mayo, John (October 17, 2016). "Comic Sales Dip in Sept. After 3 Months of Record-Setting Numbers". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved October 18, 2016.
^ Mayo, John (November 14, 2016). "Comics Rebound in October to Second Best Sales of 2016". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved November 23, 2016.
^ Mayo, John (December 12, 2016). "Direct Market Sales for Nov. 2016 Feature Batman vs the Marvel Universe". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved December 22, 2016.
^ Mayo, John (January 13, 2017). "Marvel & DC Crossover Events Lead a Down Sales Month in December 2016". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
^ Sands, Rich (June 1, 2015). "Disney XD Renews (and Retitles) Marvel's Avengers and Ultimate Spider-Man Animated Series". TV Insider. Retrieved June 2, 2015.
^ Morse, Ben (April 29, 2016). "Go Inside Avengers Alliance: Civil War". Marvel.com. Retrieved May 4, 2016.
Civil War II at the Comic Book DB (archived from the original)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Civil_War_II&oldid=935483181"


text:
Q: Proving Open/Closed sets Let A = {$x \in \mathbb{R} | 2 \leq f^2(x) \leq 4 $}. Let B = {$(x,y) \in \mathbb{R}^2| 1 \leq |x| + |y| < 2$}. Prove if they're open,closed, or whatever they are.
Firstly, I would like to do an intuition check. {$a\leq b\leq c$}, will always be closed? And the same for {$a<b<c$}, will it automatically be open? And if {$a < b \leq c$}, is it not open nor closed?
For the set A, is it acceptable if I use 4 different sequences, to show that the complement is open? Also, is not knowing the points specifically acceptable for it to be a sequence? For example, $x_n := \{x|{f(x) \xrightarrow -2}$}. I wanted to use these 'gimmicky' sequences to show that A is open.
For B, is fixing one variable a legitimate sequence? For example, $(x=0,y_n) := (0,\{2- \frac{1}{n} \})$

A: An example for the 1st Q. Let $A$ be $any$ subset of $\Bbb R$ such that $2\in A.$ Let $f(x)=2$ if $x\in A.$ Let $f(x)=0$ if $x\in \Bbb R \setminus A.$