Home / Uncategorized / What is clean code?
I think these are the three major aspects developers should ultimately strive for when writing code. The questions that arise from this new (or not so new) awareness is "How to get there?" or "What kind of tools can I use to achieve this?" or "What properties do I have to focus on that will help me get there?".
Keep your code concise. In my opinion this is more important than type safety (see below).
Avoid scattering side effects all over your code. Put the side effects you need into clearly separated parts of your code. Make sure you understand what side effects are.
Don't mix functionalities. Separate knowledge. For example, try separating algorithms from the knowledge of how a specific data structure in your code looks like.
Make your code also modular on a higher level. Keep related functions together and separate them from those other functions that deal with a different subject.
I will now go a bit more into the details of each of these items.
…then you should develop a feeling like "Well, this is nothing productive that I'm doing here – is it really necessary? Why am I not working on the real business logic instead?". I mention that so clearly because I think this is a major trap: It is so easy to feel productive when writing boilerplate code or code that just converts one data structure to another because you can type and type and type stuff all the time and thus feel productive. But think about it for a moment: You are writing stuff that should be implicit – I mean it's 2015, so you should not have to deal much with these more or less dull tasks of shoveling data from data structure A into data structure B or such. You should be able to use your time for focusing on the real business logic – the things that make your software individual and valuable.
In C you of course have to do error and sanity checks a lot as otherwise you not only introduce fatal bugs into your software (the program crashes entirely), you also introduce security vulnerabilities (buffer overflow etc.). Since the language doesn't do these things on its own, you have to do them explicitly in your code. This is usually a thing you want to avoid, unless you are writing real low level code like a hardware driver or something like that.
Modern approaches like pattern matching and destructuring in today's programming languages remove a lot of the need for explicit error and sanity checks in locations where you should instead deal with business logic, although you will (probably, depending on how important it is for you) still have to deal with that error on another level, in case the pattern matching or destructuring fails when being tried on data that doesn't match.
In Java there is no type inference, meaning you have to write the type declarations over and over again, not just in one place. This might not be understood as such a bad thing as you could argue that it adds clarity to the code, but I think it also worsens readability.
Scala code for example looks much cleaner to me, featuring type inference, thus resulting in shorter code.
In most object oriented languages you invest a notable amount of time into declaring classes of all kinds – let it be database entities, RPC request or response objects or just simple containers for structured data. On top of that there are interfaces you often need to declare. This is a lot of overhead, usually especially in statically typed object oriented languages.
You can of course argue that this adds to type safety.
However, I don't feel type safety is worth all this overhead – at least not for every data structure you use in your code. Why? Well, I think in most cases your code benefits more from being concise than from being 100% type safe. Even though all these class and interface declarations are just simple code that might as well have been auto-generated, it still is code that needs to be maintained for as long as it is there. When a change is needed, it might not be much of a hassle to adjust such a data structure, but devs will often tend to trying to find a (maybe less clean) way around touching that class definition – especially if it is very central and critical to large parts of the application. That's because it feels scary to touch something that might break a lot. I know it's irrational and just locally optimized, but it happens.
And besides all these general concepts, certain programming languages are able to express the same program in shorter code than others. This means the expressiveness of certain languages is greater than the expressiveness of other languages.
However, to me conciseness is a very important factor. You'd be surprised at how effectively you can implement changes to programs or create new features when focussing on keeping your program concise and avoiding boilerplate code.
I'd consider the first two variations much worse than the last two, since you usually use the last two deliberately and not just by being careless. Another reason for the last two being "less bad" than the first two is that the access to object variables and free variables from an object method or closure respectively is still very local in nature, while accessing global variables or doing I/O is not.
Side effects often make unit testing a pain. When doing I/O for example, you will have to inject some mock object into the object under test. Avoiding side effects also means that you won't have to make use of mocking when writing your unit tests.
Side effects ties a function or method to it's surroundings and environment. This implies it makes your code less reusable. In case of an object method or closure this might not be as bad as for other side effects, since you would probably want to reuse the entire class and closure anyway, including the free variables that the code accesses. Accessing a global variable or I/O stream for example means that your code relies on the fact that these entities exist. So when there comes a time in which you want to reuse your code, you won't be able to too easily.
Also keep the following in mind: When function A is free of side effects and function B has side effects, when you insert a call to B into A, function A then also becomes a function that has side effects.
Once more a note regarding programming languages: You can find languages that more or less enforce you to separate your "side effect afflicted" code from your code that is free of side effects (e.g. Haskell), but that may at times also turn out to be very restrictive in cases when you have good reasons to make an exception from the rule. So the best is to adopt it into your programming habit instead of relying on languages' rules.
Build your code to separate knowledge about different aspects of your program and data. The best example we've probably all come across is the implementation of a sorting algorithm. There are many different sorting algorithms with different properties, and they can be quite complex to implement. A sorting algorithm needs to be able to compare two pieces of data to each other to determine which one of them is considered "greater" or "less". It would be unwise to implement a sorting algorithm that is tied to comparing a certain data type, as you would only be able to use it on that very type and not on others. Instead of implementing that sorting algorithm many times for many data types, it is certainly wiser to separate comparison knowledge from sorting knowledge.
How can you do that? Well in the object oriented world there are interfaces that for example represent a Comparable entity. In the functional world there are – well – functions that can be passed into the sorting algorithm and that the sorting algorithm applies to two data instances to find out which one of them is greater or less.
Sounds easy and obvious, but it may not always be that easy to realize. It often needs some hard thinking to become aware of that you are currently mixing multiple entities, subjects or such and that separating them might break down the problem into pieces that result in more reusable, more elegant and conciser code than before. So think about your algorithms and be aware of the entities involved.
When having several functions that deal with the same kind of data, it usually makes sense to group these together to form a "module" or "namespace". This in turn helps you to make these functions as a whole more reusable than they would be otherwise.
It's not always clear which topics to group functions by, as there might be more than one topic that you could group them around. Unfortunately, these topics tend to be orthogonal to each other, meaning that grouping functions around one topic contradicts grouping them around the other. However, there is no generic answer to this, as it always depends a lot on what the details are. Try to think about the usefulness of the module as a whole: Does grouping the functions in one way result in a module that is far more useful than the other? A relevant term here is again: Reusability (i.e. the module's independence from it's surroundings).
By the way – having more than one obvious way how to group functions into a module might also mean that the functions you have are not yet really responsible for only one thing. It sure makes sense to ask yourself that when coming to a point at which you are not sure how to call the module and which functions to put into it.
This article does of course not represent an unarguable truth, neither claims it to be complete. There are many more aspects to all this and there are for sure some that other people assess differently. I just try to shed some light on my thoughts and on some things that I think I've learned over years. Maybe some people find one or another idea in this text that helps them to get things straight.


"...an elegant temple of high-art craft among the charming and quirky shingled cottages for which [Berkeley] is better known"
The William Randolph Thorsen House was designed by the architects Henry Mather Greene and Charles Sumner Greene in style of the American Arts & Crafts in 1909. The house is considered one of the Greenes' "Ultimate Bungalows," and represents the peak of their unparalleled architectural style. The house is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and is a California State Historic Landmark.
Located along Piedmont Way, one of Frederick Law Olmsted's first residential streetscapes and itself a historic landmark, the wooden house is uniquely distinguished amongst its neighbors. The main entry is set apart from the street by a dramatic brick wall and double stairway, flanked on each side by elaborate iron lanterns and carefully-designed landscaping. Inside, the illusion is maintained by a rich attention to detail, including hand-painted friezes, iridescent art-glass, and exotic woods. The Thorsen House truly is a masterpiece of architecture, art, and interior design.
For the last 40 years, we have been grateful for the support of numerous architects, architectual historians, interior designers, artists, and Arts & Crafts enthusiasts. Restoring the Thorsen House has always been a collaboration between the Society and the experts among the community. The end result is a priceless architectural and artistic treasure in Berkeley.
To donate directly online, please click here.
We always welcome curious individuals to tour the house; indeed, sometimes a lasting relationship begins with our reaching out to a bystander looking up in awe at the art-glass windows adorning the main door.
Every brother in the house is well-versed in the history of the Thorsen House and its magnificent design secrets. We have conducted tours for architecture and art classes from UC Berkeley, the Califoria College of the Arts, and even for visiting scholars from international institutions.
Please schedule an appointment to see the house by writing to president@calsigmaphi.org.


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<< Previous TITLE 42 / CHAPTER 124 / SUBCHAPTER I / § 11907 Next >>
42 USC 11907: Monitoring Text contains those laws in effect on January 19, 2020
From Title 42-THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARECHAPTER 124-PUBLIC HOUSING DRUG ELIMINATIONSUBCHAPTER I-PUBLIC AND ASSISTED HOUSING DRUG ELIMINATION
Jump To: Source CreditPrior ProvisionsEffective DateMiscellaneous
§11907. Monitoring
(a) In general
The Secretary shall audit and monitor the programs funded under this subchapter to ensure that assistance provided under this subchapter is administered in accordance with the provisions of this subchapter.
(b) Prohibition of funding baseline services
(1) In general
Amounts provided under this subchapter may not be used to reimburse or support any local law enforcement agency or unit of general local government for the provision of services that are included in the baseline of services required to be provided by any such entity pursuant to a local cooperation agreement under section 1437c(e)(2) of this title or any provision of an annual contributions contract for payments in lieu of taxation pursuant to section 1437d(d) of this title.
(2) Description
Each public housing agency that receives grant amounts under this subchapter shall describe, in the report under section 11906(a) of this title, such baseline of services for the unit of general local government in which the jurisdiction of the agency is located.
(c) Enforcement
The Secretary shall provide for the effective enforcement of this section, which may include the use of on-site monitoring, independent public audit requirements, certification by local law enforcement or local government officials regarding the performance of baseline services referred to in subsection (b), and entering into agreements with the Attorney General to achieve compliance, and verification of compliance, with the provisions of this subchapter.
(Pub. L. 100–690, title V, §5128, as added Pub. L. 105–276, title V, §586(g), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2649 .)
A prior section 11907, Pub. L. 100–690, title V, §5128, Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4303 ; Pub. L. 101–625, title V, §581(a), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4248 , related to provision of periodic reports by grantees, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 105–276, title V, §§503, 586(g), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2521 , 2649, effective and applicable beginning upon Oct. 1, 1999, except as otherwise provided, with provision that Secretary may implement the repeal before such date, except to extent otherwise provided, and with savings provision.
Section effective and applicable beginning upon Oct. 1, 1999, except as otherwise provided, with provision that Secretary may implement section before such date, except to extent otherwise provided, see section 503 of Pub. L. 105–276, set out as an Effective Date of 1998 Amendment note under section 1437 of this title.
Review of Drug Elimination Program Contracts
Pub. L. 105–276, title V, §587, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2650 , provided that:
"(a) Requirement.-The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development shall investigate all security contracts awarded by grantees under the Public and Assisted Housing Drug Elimination Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 11901 et seq.) that are public housing agencies that own or operate more than 4,500 public housing dwelling units-
"(1) to determine whether the contractors under such contracts have complied with all laws and regulations regarding prohibition of discrimination in hiring practices;
"(2) to determine whether such contracts were awarded in accordance with the applicable laws and regulations regarding the award of such contracts;
"(3) to determine how many such contracts were awarded under emergency contracting procedures; and
"(4) to evaluate the effectiveness of the contracts.
"(b) Report.-Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 21, 1998], the Secretary shall complete the investigation required under subsection (a) and submit a report to the Congress regarding the findings under the investigation. With respect to each such contract, the report shall (1) state whether the contract was made and is operating, or was not made or is not operating, in full compliance with applicable laws and regulations, and (2) for each contract that the Secretary determines is in such compliance issue a certification of such compliance by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.
"(c) Actions.-For each contract that is described in the report under subsection (b) as not made or not operating in full compliance with applicable laws and regulations, the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development shall promptly take any actions available under law or regulation that are necessary-
"(1) to bring such contract into compliance; or
"(2) to terminate the contract.
"(d) Effective Date.-This section shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 21, 1998]."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Brazil: 500,000 lives lost to COVID-19
As the second winter of the pandemic rolls in, the COVID-19 situation in Brazil is again deeply concerning, with national and international experts warning of a third devastating wave.
MSF urges Australia to share surplus COVID-19 vaccines with COVAX
Ahead of the G7 summit this week, Médecins Sans Frontières Australia is calling on the Australian government to immediately donate surplus vaccines that have been manufactured in Australia to COVAX.
PNG: Combatting COVID-19 fears through phone counselling
As the coronavirus pandemic sweeps across Papua New Guinea, fear and concern around the virus and its treatments have become widespread.
Peru: Treating COVID-19 in the world's worst-hit country
Peru, which in recent days has revised up the number of deaths from COVID-19, currently has the highest COVID-19 mortality rate in the world.
Australia must stop stalling negotiations on landmark pandemic monopoly waiver
The Australian government needs to support formal negotiations on the landmark intellectual property waiver being discussed today at the World Trade Organization meeting, says the Public Health Association of Australia (PHAA) and Médecins Sans Frontières/Doctors Without Borders (MSF).
In photos: 8 medical needs of children in humanitarian settings
Zimbabwe, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, South Sudan, Niger, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Yemen, Papua New Guinea
Around the world, Médecins Sans Frontières/Doctors Without Borders (MSF) teams are working to ensure children receive the best healthcare possible.
India: Second wave of COVID-19 pushes health system to its limits
The second wave of COVID-19 is reaching extremely alarming levels in India. Médecins Sans Frontières/ Doctors Without Borders (MSF) has scaled up its intervention in Mumbai, Maharashtra, where the increasing numbers of cases have been devastating to the healthcare system.
Dr Gautam Harigovind
India: "COVID-19 has changed me as a person and as a doctor"
As the second wave of COVID-19 is reaching extremely alarming levels in India Doctors Without Borders/Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) has scaled up its intervention in Mumbai, where the increasing number of people with COVID-19 has devastated the health care system and overwhelmed frontline worker
MSF scales up in response to India's COVID-19 second wave
Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF / Doctors Without Borders) has scaled-up its emergency response amid a surging second wave of COVID-19 in Mumbai in Maharashtra state. India recently broke a global record when it recorded more than 300,000 new infections in a single day, with a whopping 115,736 new
PNG: Mental health struggles through severe COVID-19 outbreak
Papua New Guinea managed to avoid the worst of the global pandemic in 2020. Now, the country is enduring a severe COVID-19 outbreak that is threatening to overwhelm the health system.


Interested in doing business with government? Here's your chance to learn how!
This seminar will help you learn how to do business with the Government of Canada, the Province of Ontario and the City of Hamilton. You will learn how each level of government does its purchasing, and how to include these groups as your customers!
To attend this session, you must be registered. Please note the sessions fill up fast and are on a first come, first served basis. Register here.


Loner Sam (Jacob Ifan, Cuffs) and his ambitious sister, Gina (Catrin Stewart, Stella, Doctor Who), live in a decaying steel town in South Wales. Since the death of their father 12 years earlier, the two have taken divergent paths. Gina has a promising career in the police force, but Sam's life is going nowhere-until one day he gets his hands on a gun. Emboldened by newfound confidence, he begins to commit increasingly daring crimes.


The oven chamber is heated by enclosed tubular heating elements rated at 7.5 KW with the air circulated by a two speed 1⁄3 H.P. permanently lubricated oven blower motor. The oven is enclosed with stainless steel front, sides, top and rear panels and has insulation applied to the top, rear, both sides, bottom as well as having an insulated stainless steel door with a double pane window.
The SubliPro CounterTop comes with a solid state temperature controls adjustable from 200° to 500°F and a 60 minute electrical timer with continuous sounding buzzer. Requires 208/240 volt, 60 Hz, 1 or 3 phase supply.
Stainless steel front, sides, top and rear enclosure panel.
Stainless steel door with double pane window.
Cool to the touch oven door handle.
Stainless steel oven door gaskets.
Solid state temperature control adjusts from 200° to 500°F.
60 minute electric timer with time expired buzzer.
1⁄3 H.P. two speed fan motor.
Oven cool switch for rapid cool down when door is open.
Oven interior liners are porcelain on steel.
Nine position rack guide with four nickel plated racks.


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Fiedsam (Center) greeting female pilot on Lake Spofford
One of Chesterfield's outstanding citizens, Morris Friedsam owned an estate "Edgewater" on Spofford Lake, other extensive Chesterfield real estate covering about 1,000 acres, and numerous buildings, including the Stone House Tavern. Mr. Friedsam came from Brooklyn, NY where he established the Taylor-Friedsam Company, a very successful silk and ribbon manufacturing business. His love for the Monadnock area of New Hampshire had him become a legal resident of Chesterfield in 1917. But, he continued to split his time between New York City and NH and belonged to many organizations and clubs in both states.
His philanthropic nature greatly benefited his adopted State, hometown and surrounding area. He was a moving force behind the first bus service from Brattleboro, VT to Keene. He donated the money for the construction and consequential enlargement of the Chesterfield Library (now the Historical Society Building). He was a benefactor to the Kurn Hattin Homes for Children in Vermont and numerous other charitable organizations. He was President of his family's Friedsam Foundation, which was established by his uncle Col. Michael Friedsam. Many organizations and individuals benefited from the Foundation's grants.
Although an ardent Republican in local and State politics, he was a firm believer in, and a backer of President Roosevelt. He served on the Republican State Committee and was appointed by Gov. Francis P. Murphy to the State Department of Public Welfare.
Morris Friedsam married Sallie Schuster, daughter of an old and well known NY family in 1901. Together they were ardent hobbyists and collectors of fine antiques. Their Edgewater estate contained an extensive farm, a large toboggan run and very tall, radio tower so Morris could hear his favorite baseball games. At the time of his death, under the auspices of the Cheshire County Fish & Game Club and New Hampshire Fish and Game Commission, they were raising ring-necked pheasants for release during the hunting season. They loved raising dogs and spending time with their two nieces. They also enjoyed cruising Lake Spofford in a variety of fast Chris-Craft boats.
After Morris death, Sallie continued to bestow generous donations, especially in land, to the Town of Chesterfield. The land for The Friedsam Town Forest and Friedsam Cemetery are just two examples. Both Sallie and Morris are buried in Brooklyn, NY.


'Shameless' Season 8 Trailer: Does Anybody Really Want A Good Frank?
Our very own Ursula was kind enough to remind me via some visual clues that season eight of Shameless is just over a month away (again, Urs, you're a literal angel).
Here's the thing about Shameless, I'm not only sure that I distrust "Saint Francis," I'm also pretty sure that I don't even want him to get better. I mean, if he's actually doing the work to repair his relationships and make amends to his kids, fine. It seems like that will make it less likely that he'll be actively hurting them so that's better. But is it even possible to amend for a lifetime of neglect and outright abuse? Is there any way that Frank could actually do better than not actively injuring his kids?
Especially given that at this point, Fiona has (wisely in my opinion) stepped away from being her siblings' defender. Lip and Ian are both legal adults, and mostly on their own. And while Debbie and Carl aren't emancipated yet, they definitely aren't listening to anything she says. There comes a point where good parenting is less about telling, and more about modeling. Her behavior tells the little ones that she demands to have her own life as they should. Her burgeoning career shows them that even in their neighborhood, they can expect to do more than hard labor or scam the system. But it's important to remember that Fiona, despite whatever she's doing now, was the one there for them for all those years.
Take the apparent plot of what I expect to be the first episode. The younger Gallaghers are trying to sell their meth while Fiona buried hers with her mother, and Frank responsibly smoked his half-pound. When the dealer Monica stole the meth from finds out who has his drugs, he comes after them. The family digs up Monica's grave to retrieve Fiona's share as any normal person would, but it ends with Frank defending his family. Fiona is literally framed in a supporting role.
What's that? They do the slow walk again, and Lip is disheveled in a somber way?


Why should I consider an internship in policy in Washington if I want to be an engineer or scientist?
What kind of internship experience can I expect to have in DC? Will I be photocopying all day or have a substantive job?
What do the interns do in DC? What kind of jobs are there?
Where do we live, do we all live together and who pays for our housing?
What's the timetable for the summer internship? What months are we expected to be in DC?
Is the spring break trip mandatory? If I've already made plans for spring break. Can I still participate in the program?
How do I get an internship? Are we placed in specific positions? Do I have a choice?
What's the class like? When does it meet?
If I get in, when do I have to make a commitment to the program?
Do I have to have all As to get into the program? Do I have to have classes in policy or political science? What's the best way to get into the program?
Who exactly runs this program?
1. Why should I consider an internship in policy in Washington if I want to be an engineer or scientist?
The conduct of science and engineering in the United States is closely intertwined with the federal government. For any hot topic on the frontiers of science and engineering (think about telecommunications, the Internet, or biolotechnology, for starters), the federal government has a major role as a regulator and funder. Therefore, to understand your future career, you need to understand how policy is made in Washington. This program is geared toward providing relevant background so that you can see how policy is made.
You will probably not spend your life doing the job you get immediately out of MIT. At some point you will want to take leadership in your company, division, or group. Your bosses will be picking leaders from among those young scientists and engineers who have not only a grasp of the technical issues at stake, but who have a firm understanding of the environment in which the firm operates. Participating in this program is a credible way to demonstrate such a grasp.
A career in science and engineering will require you, at some point, to work closely with people who don't have technical training in your field. Therefore, it is helpful to have experience communicating with non-technical experts who, in many cases, may be your superiors. This program gives you a real experience in doing precisely that.
You might not want to be a scientist or engineer forever - either after you graduate, or even before. This program will give you insight into how a technically-trained undergraduate might pursue a meaningful non-technical career that draws on that training.
2. What kind of internship experience can I expect to have in DC? Will I be photocopying all day or have a substantive job?
The program is designed to ensure that you will have a substantive experience, in which clerical tasks are kept to a minimum. The actual experience you have – what you will do – will vary. Many of the internships are in think tanks or policy advocacy organizations where the day-to-day work is similar to research you might do at MIT with a professor. In these settings, you may be calling around Washington to get information, going to the library, or using the Internet. You will also do a fair amount of writing for your boss. In other cases, especially if you work on Capitol Hill, you may find yourself more often going to hearings and other meetings, where you will then report back to your boss about what happened.
We have a very good track record in getting internships for students that involve very little clerical work. The sponsors know our expectations, which helps a lot. In those rare cases where something goes wrong, and you find yourself doing more clerical work than you bargained for, the program staff makes several trips to Washington each summer, and we can help you move your assignments back closer to your expectations.
3. What do the interns do in DC? What kind of jobs are there?
Some of the best answers to this question can be found elsewhere on this web site. Visit the past interns page and the internship sponsors page.
4. Where do we live, do we all live together and who pays for our housing?
All the interns live on the George Washington University campus, in (air conditioned!!) apartments or suites. MIT participants will be living with students in a similar program from the University of Virginia. There will also be interns from other universities living close by. This allows you to learn from each other and to learn from interns who come from a different university setting than the one you're used to at MIT. This part of the program is so important, that we insist that students whose families live in the D.C. area nonetheless live with the others at GW.
MIT pays for housing, as part of your stipend.
5. What's the timetable for the summer internship? What months are we expected to be in DC?
The precise dates vary, but generally speaking the internships start the last week of May and end the first week of August. (The major constraint is provided by when the George Washington University summer housing program is running.) In a few cases this time period may not be convenient. For instance, the White House internship program has two summer sessions, neither of which overlaps perfectly with our calendar. In such a case, we work with you to ensure that you have housing for the duration of your internship.
6. Is the spring break trip mandatory? If I've already made plans for spring break can I still participate in the program?
The spring break trip is an integral party of the program, and is therefore mandatory. Being in Washington to interview with potential sponsors gives you an incalculable advantage over other university interns, who rarely have an opportunity to come to Washington early to seek their summer internship. This also provides you with an opportunity to "kick the tires" of the places you might work – to see how you get along with the people, to clarify your role with your future supervisor, etc. Finally, we have some seminars and a reception with friends of MIT (both alumni and others), which are very much part of the program.
7. How do I get an internship? Are we placed in specific positions? Do I have a choice?
The program staff is geared up to identifying offices where you might have a profitable internship. We are also geared up to help you clarify what you want to accomplish this summer, so that the places you apply to will be relevant to your interests. We have an extensive database of contacts in the D.C. area, and we are always eager to add to that database.
The process of landing an internship is almost identical to landing a summer job. We will work with you to develop your resume, cover letter, and interview skills. We will also serve as a clearinghouse of information about you, so that your potential sponsors can assess your qualifications easily.
You decide where you apply and which internship you accept. Think of us as a clearinghouse and facilitator. We don't "place" you, in the traditional sense.
The base stipend is $5,200. Housing at GW will be taken out of that. You can count on $3,200 spending money after housing is paid.
The stipend we offer is a guarantee of a minimum level of support for the summer. We encourage people to apply for internships in which the sponsoring organization pays the stipend. In return, if you land such an internship, we will still pay for your housing, and will supplement what your employer pays you.
9. What's the class like? When does it meet?
17.307 is the class you will be required to enroll in as part of the internship. The spring break trip, and the seminars we will participate in there, is part of the class, which is one reason why the trip is mandatory.
The on-campus part of the class spans the last half of the spring term and the first half of the following fall term. The major teaching device in 17.307 is a series of papers and presentations about (a) your internship site and (b) some policy area related to your internship. In 1999, we assigned two papers: a short paper about the politics of the internship sponsor and a longer policy-oriented paper. The assignments are likely to be similar this year, too.
The policy paper is designed for you to do substantial research on it while you are in Washington.
Once we have chosen the internship class, we will set class meetings to accommodate everyone's schedule.
10. If I get in, when do I have to make a commitment to the program?
You typically will have two weeks to make a commitment. Keep in mind that we always carry a waiting list, and we want those people to have a good idea about their summer plans, too.
11. Do I have to have all A's to get in to the program? Do I have to have classes in policy or political science? What's the best way to get into the program?
The academic backgrounds of participants in this program have been as varied as the academic backgrounds of all MIT undergraduates. The program was first intended for scientists and engineers who may not have had much experience (if any) with policy. Therefore, having taken political science or policy classes in the past is not a prerequisite. Likewise, each year we take people with clear and unclear vocational goals.
Basically, what we are looking for is this: We are looking for students whom we believe will get a lot out of a summer in Washington. In some cases, this will be the hotshot physicist with a 5.0 whose only goal in life is to make space ray guns. In other cases, it may be someone who doesn't know if she or he is cut out for laboratory science (and whose grades might show it), and wants to see what a life of policymaking in a scientific area might look like.
If you're uncertain about whether your background is what we're looking for, the answer is obvious: Apply!
12. Who exactly runs this program?


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Amazing Kids: A friendly face in the hallway
Patrick Malee
West Linn's Anthony Varga dedicates his life to helping peers who need support
When West Linn High School senior Anthony Varga looks into his future, he's surrounded by kids.
The children aren't his own, but they might as well be. In this dream scenario, Anthony's career has afforded him the resources to open up an adoptive or foster care home for children in need.
"I'm not talking about three, four, five kids — I'm talking about 12 or 15," Anthony says. "That's where I want to be. I want to have a home full of kids who are in the foster system who I could essentially raise up — to love and care about them, because previously they hadn't been."
This clear-eyed vision fits perfectly with the way Anthony — The West Linn Tidings 2018 Amazing Kid — has lived his entire life. From the halls of West Linn High School to youth camps, football practices, teen advisory board meetings, and Link Crew outreach efforts, Anthony is known by many in the community as a warm and genuinely compassionate person who will talk to anyone.
"When they asked if there were any kids you can think of who fit this mold (as an Amazing Kid), Varga popped right into my head," WLHS School Resource Officer Jeff Halverson says. "He's just a very caring young man."
It's been about a year since the two met, and they struck up a friendship when Anthony started stopping by Halverson's office. Often it was just to chat, but Halverson says Anthony has a keen eye for students who might be in need of support.
"He'd talk to some kid and he'd come back and say, 'This guy or gal, I'm a bit worried about them. I don't know if they're getting enough to eat at home. Or, 'I saw them at a party and I was kind of concerned,'" Halverson says. "These weren't like his best friends — these were just other students he cared about. He wanted to make sure they were OK."
Throughout his life, Anthony has jumped at every opportunity to reach his peers through these simple but often crucial steps. He's part of the high school's teen advisory board, which works to spread awareness of issues like drug and alcohol abuse, as well as mental health. With Link Crew, he helped guide freshman through the rough waters of high school orientation, and he continues to do similar outreach work through his local Young Life organization.
Anthony says his worldview was shaped in part by attending these very programs when he was younger.
"Growing up within my church and within Young Life, I had some really awesome leaders who were just some random high school guys," Anthony says. "They'd always care about me, they'd always be there for me in a time of need. That really made me want to think, 'OK, I want to do this for some other kids one day.'"
For Anthony, that ethos of compassion often means simply approaching a student at school who looks to be in need.
"Sometimes you saying hello to that one kid in class who's always in the back corner, having a conversation with them and actually caring about them — not just making it seem like you care about them — can make a difference tenfold of what is ever going to happen to them in high school," Anthony says.
With mental health and safety at high schools a hot topic of national conversation in recent months, Halverson says Anthony's approach is something that should be emulated.
"It's very important, and I think more people could be like Anthony — caring about their fellow humans," Halverson says. "He's just a guy who wants everybody to be well and be happy and he's willing to put himself on the line to go and talk to those people."
After Anthony graduates this spring, he'll bring his unique perspective to the U.S. Marine Corps, where he enlisted to become an intelligence specialist. For Anthony, it's the ideal next step in a life dedicated to service.
"I feel like sometimes within certain communities, the idea of 'It's all about me,' is propelled up and higher than anything else," he says. "Some people may find fulfillment through it. But a life meant for helping others is a life I find attractive."
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Engineering Graduates of 2010 : Wipro's reputation as a pioneering and innovative company in the global technology landscape makes it a determined choice for the best of talented engineers. We invite you to exciting opportunities with us in the software engineering space.
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These kind of post are always inspiring and I prefer to read quality content so I happy to find good poem here in the post. thank you.


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Home » Meredith Corporation launches PawPrint magazine
Pet Food Press Releases
Meredith Corporation launches PawPrint magazine
Publication is print companion to DailyPaws.com
Meredith Corporation, a leading media company reaching almost 70% of all pet owners in the U.S., including nearly 80 million dog owners and over 40 million cat owners, announces the launch of PawPrint, the largest consumer magazine dedicated to pet families, according to MediaRadar, which will be sent to select subscribers of Meredith. The new publication is designed to deliver an informative, joyful experience to readers, giving them useful and entertaining pet information in every issue. PawPrint is a companion to DailyPaws.com, which launched in 2020 as Meredith's digital brand, publishing high-quality pet-care content. Mars Petcare will serve as launch sponsor.
"PawPrint is a clear progression toward serving Meredith's pet consumers with desired content in a print product," said George Baer III, VP, Managing Director of Foundry 360 @ Meredith. "Building on the momentum from DailyPaws.com, which launched last year and got off to a strong start exceeding 2 million unique monthly viewers, the magazine will be delivered to 1 million Meredith consumers who own both a dog and a cat—making it the single largest pet magazine serving this growing market."
Pet ownership is on the rise in the U.S. with nearly 85 million households having at least one pet at home, according to a recent survey conducted by the American Pet Products Association (APPA). With 63.4 million canine and 42.7 million feline households, most Americans identify as cat or dog parents. The role of pets has evolved, with younger generations viewing pets as akin to children and friends—and worthy of spoiling and shared experiences.
"This past year has taught us just how much having pets at home enhances our overall happiness and well-being," said Diane di Costanzo, Editor in Chief of PawPrint. "PawPrint serves the needs of pet parents by giving them ways to make their homes more pet-friendly and ensuring that their pets live healthier lives."
Mars Petcare's second annual BETTER CITIES FOR PETS Program Report, "Pets in a Pandemic," revealed how pet ownership has evolved with the pandemic and shows that for the majority (86%), pets have been a top source of companionship this year. Pet owners are hopeful to have their companions at their sides when it comes to their daily routines moving forward.
"With the emotional bond between people and their pets stronger than ever, we have a great opportunity to continue to deepen our connection with pet parents," said Craig Neely, Vice President of Marketing at Mars Petcare. "Pairing our industry expertise with Meredith's platforms allows us to share the health and wellness content pet owners are seeking."
Meredith's wide range of pet coverage—featured across brands, including PEOPLE, REAL SIMPLE, Southern Living and PARENTS—is extremely popular among the company's overall audience of more than 190 million. Meredith publishes more than 30 magazines in categories that span every phase of life and touch every aspect of consumers' households, including celebrity and entertainment news, house and home, food, health, fitness and parenting.
Mars Petcare touches the lives of more pets and pet owners than any other global organization through its pet nutrition brands, veterinary practices, technological solutions and advocacy for pet adoption and pet-friendly cities. Guided by the company's stated purpose – "A Better World for Pets" – Mars Petcare's 85,000 associates across more than 55 countries work tirelessly toward a world in which there are more healthy, happy and welcomed pets.
Ahlstrom-Munksjö launches PawPrint
Supreme Pet Foods launches Small Pet Retailer magazine
Finley's expands national pawprint through e-commerce partnership with Target


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An economic case for ending child marriage, early childbirth
By Devanik Saha
Over the next seven years, India could save $5 billion (Rs 33,500 crore) in healthcare and related costs if it eliminates child marriage and early childbirth, according to a new report by the World Bank and International Centre for Research on Women (ICRW), a global research institute.
Image: Youtube
For perspective, this is equivalent to the country's 2017-18 higher education budget of Rs 33,329 crore.
Globally, $17 billion (Rs 1.14 lakh crore) could be saved across 18 countries by 2030—of which India accounts for $10 billion (62 percent) due to its large population, said the report.
Eliminating early marriage and births reduces population growth, which in turn reduces pressure on government budgets; lower population growth across 106 countries from ending child marriage could save up to $566 billion per year in 2030.
Child brides face violence, abuse and exposure to HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases. They are more likely to drop out of school and give birth as adolescents. Adolescent pregnancy can lead to several health problems—anaemia, malaria, HIV and other sexually transmitted infections, postpartum haemorrhage and mental disorders—according to the WHO.
The proportion of girls marrying before legal age increased from 1.78 percent in 2001 to 2.45 percent in 2011 in urban India and declined from 2.75 percent to 2.43 percent in rural India over the same period; 70 districts spread across 13 states reported "high incidence" of underage marriages, and account for 21 percent of the country's child marriages.
Nearly 17 million children between the ages of 10 and 19 are married, with six million children born to them and they form 47 percent of India's population that is currently married. Of these married children, 76 percent, or 12.7 million, are girls, reinforcing the fact that girls are significantly more disadvantaged.
The World Bank-ICRW study adds an economic dimension to the problem, which could be an incentive for India and other countries to work harder to eliminate child marriage and early childbirth.
In the first few years after the elimination of child marriage and early childbirths, no impact is estimated on the size of new cohorts entering school, the study said. Eventually, there is a reduction of the size of the cohorts, increasing over time, which can potentially lead to education savings.
As many as 2,80,000 married girls in the age group of 15-19 have already given birth to four children, which is an increase of 65 percent from 1,70,000 in 2001, IndiaSpend reported in 2016.
Ending child marriage "could entail a cost for households and governments assuming that some of the girls who delay marriage are also able to pursue their education further", the study noted. "If girls who do not marry as children pursue their education further, this would entail costs for both families (out-of-pocket and opportunity costs) and governments (given that many girls would attend public secondary schools). These additional costs would offset some of the benefits."
As many as 1,403 women have never attended any educational institution for every 1,000 men who have not done so and this ratio increases sharply from the age of 17 till the 30-34 year age-group where it is 2,009—which means for every man who has never attended an educational institution, there are two women who haven't.
In developing countries, girls with less access to quality education are more likely to marry early, argued Quentin Wodon, an advisor with the World Bank's education department, in a May 2014 article.
However, the study said that while economic costs should not be the sole rationale for investment decisions related to child marriage, they are an important consideration.
"The lack of adequate investments in many countries to end child marriage is likely due in part to the fact that the economic case for ending the practice has not yet been made forcefully," the study said.
In association with IANS
Worldbank
World Bank's education department
International Center for Research on Women
International Centre for Research
Institute of Development Studies


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Project on National Security Reform
James R. Locher III, President and CEO
Guiding Coalition
Distinguished Fellows and Working Group Leaders
Report Contributors
Forging a New Shield
Toward Integrating Complex National Missions
The Power of People
Reform Resources
The Project on National Security Reform shares its legacy
The Project on National Security Reform ceased operations on December 31, 2011. This website records PNSR's history and work.
The transpartisan Project on National Security Reform (PNSR) was established in 2006 to assist the nation in an urgently needed transformation of the national security system. It was a single focus think tank dedicated to modernizing the currently antiquated national security system for 21st century challenges. PNSR envisioned a collaborative, agile, and innovative syste capable of integrating all elements of national power - both vertically and horizontally - and successfully addressing security challenges based on timely, informed decisions and decisive action.
To advance its agenda, PNSR developed a broad and diverse network of public and private partners and participants with expertise and experience in traditional and nontraditional security threats and opportunities. The first phase of PNSR's work focused on identifying problems and formulating recommendations. Subsequently, it focused on developing tools for implementation and applying its holistic principles for long-term reform to many of today's problems. This second phase provided a deeper understanding of the intellectual and political challenges of system transformation.
The project was led by James R. Locher III, a principal architect of the Goldwater-Nichols Act that modernized the joint military system. PNSR's Guiding Coalition, comprised of distinguished Americans with extensive service in the public and private sectors, set strategic direction for the project. A dedicated staff that included national security veterans, as well as the brightest and best new talent, worked tirelessly on its critical mission. Although the political environment was not right to implement large-scale change, PNSR had a variety of incremental successes and significantly influenced the prevailing narrative on national security reform.
PNSR President and CEO James R. Locher III Testifies Before House Armed Services Committee
June 9, 2010 in News, Video by admin
WASHINGTON, DC – PNSR President and CEO James R. Locher III testified today before the Oversight and Investigations Subcommittee of the House Armed Services Committee in a hearing on "Interagency National Security Reform: Pragmatic Steps Towards a More Integrated Future." In his testimony, Locher presented ten pragmatic near-term steps that can be taken to move forward on creating a more effective and functional interagency national security system (below).
Also appearing before the committee were: Dr. Gordon Adams, Distinguished Fellow, Henry L. Stimson Center; Dr. James R. Thompson, Associate Professor of Public Administration, University of Illinois – Chicago; and Mr. John Pendleton, Director of Force Structure and Planning Issues for the Defense Capabilities and Management Team, U.S. Government Accountability Office.
On the potential for action, Locher told Chairman Vic Snyder (D-AR) and other subcommittee members that "there is much that can—and must—be done today. Each recommended reform step would contribute significantly to integrating and improving the overall national security system. Collectively these steps are only part of the needed national security reform, but they are synergistic, practical, doable, and necessary."
See the oral testimony here and video here.
For further comment please contact:
media@pnsr.org
www.pnsr.org
Pragmatic, Near-Term Steps for Consideration by the
Oversight and Investigations Subcommittee of the
House Armed Services Committee
1. Require the president to submit an implementation plan for the organizational changes prescribed by the new National Security Strategy.
2. Require the assistant to the president for national security affairs to submit a plan for achieving the needed organizational capacity of the National Security Staff pursuant to the National Security Strategy.
3. Commission a ten-year road map for the entire national security reform agenda.
4. Require the president to conduct a Quadrennial National Security Review to establish the security goals and priorities of the United States.
5. Require the director of the Office of Management and Budget to submit illustrative, integrated budgets for two mission areas – combating terrorism and development – with the President's Budget Request for FY2012.
6. Establish an interagency personnel system to create the proper incentives, education, and training for personnel assigned to interagency positions.
7. Establish a Center for Organizational Performance at the National Defense University or another institution that would undertake comprehensive assessments of organizational performance in the national security community.
8. Require the secretary of defense and chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff to submit a plan on how they intend to improve the curricula of the military war colleges to provide an appropriate level of education on interagency affairs and national security reform.
9. Require the director of the National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC) to submit a plan for overcoming obstacles to improved performance by NCTC, especially by its Directorate of Strategic Operational Planning.
10. Hold joint hearings with a subcommittee of the House Foreign Affairs Committee (maybe the Subcommittee on International Organizations, Human Rights and Oversight, as it aligns with this subcommittee in its oversight and investigations jurisdiction) to examine interagency issues.
a. National Security Strategy
b. Provincial Reconstruction Teams in Iraq and Afghanistan
c. Commander's Emergency Response Program (CERP)
d. Strategic communications programs of departments and agencies
← President Obama's National Security Strategy adopts the Project on National Security Reform's key ideas
PNSR Experts Comment on the Washington Post's →
If you wish to reach former members of PNSR or have an interest in continuing its mission, please e-mail info@pnsr.org.
America's First Quarter Millennium
PNSR Blog
Two Wheels and Two Questions: A Journey through America in Search of Personal and National Identity by PNSR Senior Associate Christopher Holshek
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Biografia
È figlio dell'ex re Gyanendra e dell'ex regina Komal. Nel 2000 ha sposato la principessa Himani, figlia di Rao Raja Bikram Singh, Rao Raja di Sikar. Dall'unione sono nati il principe Hridayendra e le due principesse Purnika e Kritika. Paras ha studiato alla Budhanilkantha Secondary School di Kathmandu, e alla Schiller International University. Al contrario della moglie, l'erede al trono è poco popolare in Nepal a causa di trascorsi episodi di teppismo e alcolismo, che lo hanno visto coinvolto in alcuni incidenti automobilistici, in uno dei quali ha trovato la morte una nota cantante nepalese.

La strage di palazzo del 2001

Il 1º giugno 2001 si trovava presso il palazzo reale di Narayanhiti quando (secondo la versione ufficiale) il cugino Dipendra (allora erede al trono) uccise suo padre, il re Birendra, la regina Aishwarya ed altri otto membri della famiglia reale. Secondo le testimonianze raccolte dalla commissione d'inchiesta, dopo aver sparato alla sorella Sruti, Dipendra puntò l'arma verso il principe Paras, dietro al quale cercavano protezione tre piccole principesse; Paras avrebbe gridato: «no, no, Dai (fratello)», impietosendo sorprendentemente il cugino impazzito, il quale si diresse in giardino alla ricerca della madre.

Il fatto che - pur essendo presente - sia uscito illeso dal massacro ha alimentato alcune voci che vedrebbero Paras coinvolto in prima persona in questa vicenda, ciò che a sua volta potrebbe implicare la complicità degli altri quattordici supersititi, tra i quali figura anche la Regina Madre. Nel marzo 2009, in seguito alla riapertura delle indagini sul massacro reale da parte del Governo nepalese, Paras ha dichiarato che l'allora principe ereditario Dipendra aveva tre ragioni per uccidere il padre:
l'impedimento delle nozze con Devyani;
l'accettazione da parte del padre della Costituzione del 1990, che Dipendra non gradiva;
il rifiuto del padre di avallare gli accordi per nuovi armamenti intrapresi da Dipendra e che gli avrebbero consentito una larga remunerazione da parte del rifornitore.

Genealogia

Onorificenze

Onorificenze nepalesi

Onorificenze straniere

Note

Bibliografia
Prakash A.Raj (2001), Kay Gardeko? - The Royal massacre in Nepal, Rupa & Co., New Delhi

Collegamenti esterni

Shah

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Neil Sinhababu, Humean Nature: How Desire Explains Action, Thought, and Feeling (Oxford-New York: Oxford University Press, 2017) [Book Review]
Lorenzo Greco
Rivista di Filosofia 108 (3):503-505 (2017)
Desire and Motivation in Philosophy of Mind
Hume: Moral Cognitivism in 17th/18th Century Philosophy
Hume: Moral Internalism and Externalism in 17th/18th Century Philosophy
Internalism and Externalism about Moral Judgment in Meta-Ethics
Moral Perception in Normative Ethics
Humean Nature.Neil Sinhababu - 2017 - Oxford: Oxford University Press.
The Humean Theory of Motivation Reformulated and Defended.Neil Sinhababu - 2009 - Philosophical Review 118 (4):465-500.
Angle, Stephen C., Sagehood: The Contemporary Significance of Neo-Confucian Philosophy, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2009, Pp. Xvi+ 293,£ 45.00. Baier, Annette C., Reflections on How We Live, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2010, Pp. Xi+ 275,£ 25.00. [REVIEW]Giorgio Agamben, Luca D'Isanto & Kevin Attell - 2010 - Mind 119 (475):473.
Paul Russell (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Hume (Oxford-New York: Oxford University Press, 2016). [REVIEW]Lorenzo Greco - 2017 - Rivista di Filosofia 108 (1):137-38.
The Desire‐Belief Account of Intention Explains Everything.Neil Sinhababu - 2013 - Noûs 47 (4):680-696.
Positivism and the Separation of Law and Morals, Fifty Years On: Institutions of Law: An Essay in Legal Theory, by Neil MacCormick. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2007. 336 Pp. $75.00 . Law as a Moral Idea, by Nigel Simmonds. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2007. 220 Pp. $65.00 . Objectivity and the Rule of Law, by Matthew Kramer. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2007. 260 Pp. $75.00 ; $27.99. [REVIEW]Claire Grant - 2009 - Political Theory 37 (1):167-173.
Diodorus Siculus the Historian. Stronk Semiramis' Legacy. The History of Persia According to Diodorus of Sicily. Pp. XVIII + 606, Ills, Maps. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2017. Cased, £120. Isbn: 978-1-4744-1425-8. Muntz Diodorus Siculus and the World of the Late Roman Republic. Pp. XIV + 284. New York: Oxford University Press, 2017. Cased, £55, Us$85. Isbn: 978-0-19-049872-6. [REVIEW]Peter Morton - 2018 - The Classical Review 68 (1):45-49.
(D.M.) Macdowell Demosthenes the Orator. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009. Pp. X + 457. £75. 9780199287192.(G.) Martin Divine Talk: Religious Argumentation in Demosthenes (Oxford Classical Monographs). Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2009. Pp. Ix + 345. £60. 9780199560226. [REVIEW]Susan Lape - 2011 - Journal of Hellenic Studies 131:215-217.
Donald C. Ainslie, Hume's True Scepticism (Oxford-New York: Oxford university Press, 2015). [REVIEW]Lorenzo Greco - 2017 - Rivista di Filosofia 108 (1):115-16.
Abela, Paul, Kant's Empirical Realism, Oxford, 2002, Clarendon Press, Viii+ 303,£ 40.00 Cloth. Achinstein, Peter, The Book of Evidence, Oxford, 2001, Oxford University Press, 290,£ 35.00 Cloth. Allan, George, The Patterns of the Present: Interpreting the Authority of Form, Albany, 2001, State University of New York Press, Xvii+ 305, US $59.50 Cloth, US $19.95 Paper. Ames, Roger T. And Hall, David L., Focusing the Familiar, York, 2001, University of Hawaii Press. [REVIEW]John B. Cobb Jr - 2002 - Australasian Journal of Philosophy 80 (3):397-398.
Panpsychism: Contemporary Perspectives Godehard Brüntrup and Ludwig Jaskolla, Eds. New York: Oxford University Press, 2017, 414 Pp., $78.00. [REVIEW]Luke Roelofs - 2018 - Dialogue 57 (3):639-641.
Tennant Neil. Anti-Realism and Logic. Truth as Eternal. Clarendon Library of Logic and Philosophy. Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press, Oxford and New York 1987, Xii + 325 Pp. [REVIEW]W. D. Hart - 1989 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 54 (4):1485-1486.
Just War as Political TheoryIn Defence of War, by BiggarNigel. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.Cosmopolitan War, by FabreCecile. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.Morality and War: Can War Be Just in the 21st Century?, by FisherDavid. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011. [REVIEW]Anthony F. Lang - 2016 - Political Theory 44 (2):289-303.
Rosalind Brown-Grant, French Romance of the Later Middle Ages: Gender, Morality, and Desire. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2008. Pp. Xi, 254 Plus Black-and-White Frontispiece. $110. [REVIEW]Tracy Adams - 2010 - Speculum 85 (3):649-651.
Brian Davies, The Thought of Thomas Aquinas. First Paperback Ed. New York and Oxford: Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press, 1993. Paper. Pp. Xvi, 391. $19.95. First Published in 1992. [REVIEW]Brian J. Shanley - 1995 - Speculum 70 (4):895-897.


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Science|How Big Are Those Killer Asteroids? A Critic Says NASA Doesn't Know.
https://nyti.ms/25cxVGo
How Big Are Those Killer Asteroids? A Critic Says NASA Doesn't Know.
How Big Are These Asteroids?
This visualization of our solar system suggests that scientists' guesses of the sizes of many asteroids are inaccurate.
This visualization of our solar system suggests that scientists' guesses of the sizes of many asteroids are inaccurate.CreditCredit...W. Wayt Gibbs/Intellectual Ventures
By Kenneth Chang
More than 14,000 known asteroids zip through Earth's neighborhood. They will all miss Earth in the coming decades.
But hundreds of thousands more have not yet been discovered, and whether any of those are on course to slam into our planet, no one knows. So finding and tracking all the asteroids that could cross Earth's path would allow officials to issue warnings and potentially provide time to deflect dangerous ones.
The community of scientists contemplating such doomsday possibilities is small and usually cordial — at least until Nathan P. Myhrvold barged in. Once the chief technologist at Microsoft, Dr. Myhrvold moved on to other endeavors like a six-volume, 2,438-page compendium of cooking knowledge that has been celebrated by chefs. (A sequel, about baking, is in the works.)
He has also become a statistics scold of scientists.
His latest target is NASA, in a squabble over data from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer spacecraft.
WISE, launched in 2009, snapped images of three-quarters of a billion stars, galaxies and other celestial objects, including the heat emissions of asteroids.
An offshoot called Neowise used the heat data to calculate the size and reflectivity of 158,000 asteroids.
Dr. Myhrvold contends that the Neowise analysis is deeply flawed. "The bad news is it's all basically wrong," he said. "Unfortunately for a lot of it, it's never going to be as accurate as they had hoped."
He submitted his own analysis of the Neowise results to the journal Icarus.
Dr. Myhrvold isn't arguing that NASA has overlooked dangers from the known asteroids. But he does question whether scientists know as much as they think they do.
He has also zeroed in on a proposed space-based telescope with a price tag of more than half a billion dollars, the Near-Earth Object Camera, or Neocam, a project headed by some of the same scientists whose work he is second-guessing.
Most of the millions of asteroids are found between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, but some dip closer to the sun. There is no doubt that some will hit Earth someday.
The bigger the asteroid, the greater the potential cataclysm. The reflectivity of the surface — what astronomers call albedo — tells how easily it can be detected.
"From the practical perspective of finding asteroids," Dr. Myhrvold said, "it's really important that we know the distribution of diameters and the distribution of albedos."
According to NASA's scientists, the estimates of asteroid diameters made by Neowise are often within 10 percent of the actual size. But Dr. Myhrvold says the uncertainties are much greater, more than 100 percent in many cases.
Space agency officials disagree. "He's a very smart man," said Lindley Johnson, who oversees NASA's efforts to protect the planet from space rocks. "But that doesn't make him an expert in everything."
Dr. Johnson said NASA experts had pointed out errors and that Dr. Myhrvold had not fixed them. "It's overly simplistic, and he makes some assumptions that are not valid," Dr. Johnson said.
Nathan P. Myhrvold, a former chief technologist at Microsoft and compiler of a six-volume compendium of cooking knowledge, with a meteorite. He has questioned NASA's analysis of asteroids using heat emissions.Credit...Evan McGlinn for The New York Times
Other scientists say that Dr. Myhrvold's criticisms have merit.
"I do think he's performed a really very useful service," said Alan W. Harris, a senior research scientist at the Space Science Institute, "to do the error analysis more carefully and alert people that you shouldn't just take some of the data out of the WISE table and just assume they're gospel."
But even if Dr. Myhrvold is correct, Dr. Harris said the Neowise data "has good enough validity to be useful for most purposes."
Not Even an Astronomer
Dr. Myhrvold is not an astronomer. He had never done research on asteroids.
He is often vilified as a "patent troll," because Intellectual Ventures, the company he founded after leaving Microsoft in 1999, acquires patents and extracts licensing fees from other companies.
During his paleontological endeavors — another hobby — he challenged research by a Florida State University professor, Gregory M. Erickson, about the growth rates of dinosaurs. In a 2013 paper, Dr. Myhrvold described the perceived statistical wrongs and stopped just short of accusing Dr. Erickson of manipulating the data.
Corrections have been appended to several of Dr. Erickson's papers, including two in Nature. Dr. Erickson and his colleagues maintain that the mistakes did not alter their conclusions. Florida State cleared Dr. Erickson of wrongdoing after an inquiry.
"Having somebody like Nathan having a different perspective and different background coming in and looking at it with fresh eyes, I think there's nothing wrong with that," said Kristina Curry Rogers, a vertebrate paleontologist at Macalester College in Minnesota who was an author on Dr. Erickson's Nature papers. "It makes us all think."
Dr. Myhrvold was drawn into asteroids research when the B612 Foundation, a nonprofit organization that advocates planetary defense efforts, asked him to contribute money for Sentinel, a privately financed $450-million, asteroid-finding spacecraft.
"What they didn't know is that I had been interested in killer asteroids for a long time," Dr. Myhrvold said. After all, an asteroid slamming into Earth is believed to have brought the age of dinosaurs to an end 66 million years ago.
But Dr. Myhrvold learned of several other efforts, including NASA's Neocam, which would cost about $500 million (plus the rocket to launch it), and the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, a ground-based observatory already under construction in Chile.
Each group offered computer simulations of how many unseen asteroids would be spotted, making different assumptions.
In a paper published in March in The Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Dr. Myhrvold took a simpler approach to provide an apples-to-apples comparison. He looked at the volume of space that each telescope could observe, then calculated what fraction of unseen asteroids would pass through that space.
"I thought it all looked quite reasonable," said Steven R. Chesley, a senior research scientist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif. "Nathan definitely brings a fresh approach."
Dr. Myhrvold concluded that the ground-based telescope in Chile, a $665 million collaboration of the United States Department of Energy, the National Science Foundation and other organizations, could find up to 90 percent of near-Earth asteroids if it spent more time looking low in the sky, closer to the Earth's horizon.
Zeljko Ivezic, the telescope's project scientist, said the trade-off would be a two-year postponement in completing its survey of the rest of the cosmos and an additional cost of $100 million, and telescope officials have asked NASA whether it would help pay for that.
Ultimately, Dr. Myhrvold, who became wealthy from his Microsoft days, decided not to donate money to B612.
He has also not given any money to the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, which has received some private financing from Bill Gates, his former Microsoft boss.
In writing the paper published in March, Dr. Myhrvold talked with people working on the different projects, including Amy Mainzer, the principal investigator for Neocam and Neowise.
Dr. Myhrvold said that Dr. Mainzer argued that a ground-based telescope could not detect asteroids within Earth's orbit because they would be too close to the horizon.
That seemed strange to Dr. Myhrvold, because even amateurs can easily spot celestial objects far inside Earth's orbit like Venus, 26 million miles closer to the sun than Earth.
Dr. Myhrvold said Dr. Mainzer responded that large telescopes were not designed to point that close to the ground. But the one in Chile is, he noted.
"I was happy he pointed out there was a misconception that LSST could not see within the Earth orbit," said Dr. Ivezic, a professor at the University of Washington.
Dr. Chesley of NASA is coordinating a more detailed analysis of the telescope's asteroid-finding prowess, with preliminary findings expected in late summer.
In recent presentations, NASA officials have portrayed Neocam more as a complement than a competitor. "It's a team sport," Dr. Johnson said. "There isn't any one system that is going to provide us all the data we need."
NASA declined to make Dr. Mainzer available for an interview. Responding to written questions, she said the Neowise team stood behind the findings and that the results had been validated by independent observations and other researchers.
The Principle of Hibachi Grills
It struck Dr. Myhrvold that the albedo calculations of the Neocam team violated a basic tenet of physics known as Kirchhoff's law of thermal radiation, which says shinier objects radiate less heat.
A simple demonstration of that, Dr. Myhrvold said, is the shiny chrome cooking surface of a restaurant hibachi grill. A dark grill surface would bathe diners in uncomfortable waves of heat. The Neocam models failed to take into account the effects of reflected sunlight, he said.
He then took a closer look at Neowise, too. One aspect Dr. Myhrvold found curious was that in more than 100 instances, the Neowise team reported asteroid diameters that matched exactly what had previously been determined by other methods like radar measurements and spacecraft flybys. "I think it's a pretty strong smoking gun that something is wrong," he said.
For her part, Dr. Mainzer said the asteroids with exact measurement matches were used for calibration and thus the values were set to those that had been previously observed.
The asteroid community, while small, includes two unrelated scientists named Alan William Harris. The Dr. Harris at the Space Science Institute, who is 71, is known as "Al the Elder," while "Al the Younger," 64, is a German Aerospace Center scientist who developed the computer model used by the Neowise scientists.
The younger Dr. Harris agrees that Dr. Myhrvold has raised a valid point about Kirchhoff's Law and that a closer look at the Neowise analysis would be fruitful. Earlier satellites looked at longer wavelengths where reflected sunlight was less of a problem.
Still, he disapproves of Dr. Myhrvold's scolding tone. "There's very much a schoolteacher attitude about it," he said.
Dr. Myhrvold insists he has no vendetta against the Neowise scientists. But, he added, "I don't think it's unduly mean of me to point out their data is irreproducible."
Kirchhoff's law could again come into play with Neocam, which would make observations at fairly short infrared wavelengths. Neocam is one of five lower-cost missions under consideration, and NASA is to approve one or two of them in September, aiming for launch in the 2020s.
Dr. Mainzer deferred answering some follow-up questions, saying those issues would be best addressed by the referees reviewing Dr. Myhrvold's paper. "We believe at this point it's best to allow the process of peer review — the foundation of the scientific process — to move forward," she wrote.


This video was produced for the City of Edmonton to usher in new changes to parking regulations in the city.
We worked with an excellent crew of many talented individuals in a variety of locations. We welcomed the creative challenge of adding some fun to the subject of parking.


When your furnace isn't working correctly, or just stops heating your home altogether, don't panic. It's probably not the furnace itself that is failing; it's likely something else causing the furnace not to work.
Every heating season, we get hundreds of calls from people complaining about problems with their furnace. We've collected the most common complaints we hear and listed them along with information explaining what might be causing them.
Thermostat - This can often be an embarrassing cause of furnace failure. Customers will call for service only to have a technician check the thermostat and see that it isn't set correctly. Make sure it is switched to "heat," the desired temperature is higher than the existing room temperature and the fan is set to "auto." If you have a programmable thermostat, you may need to override the settings to verify whether the thermostat is causing the problem or not.
Circuit Breaker - Check your circuit breaker. It could be tripped or blown and keeping your furnace from turning on.
Faulty Pilot Light - This is a common problem that can become quite frustrating when you don't know why it's happening. A pilot light can go out for a number of reasons. It could be caused by a faulty thermocouple or dirty gas tube and even a draft. If you suspect a problem with your pilot light, it's best to contact a professional to help diagnose and repair the problem.
Natural gas or propane flow is inhibited. This can sometimes happen when the gas pressure regulator malfunctions and closes off the gas feed or the valve has simply been closed off. If you suspect either of these scenarios, don't try to troubleshoot it yourself. It's safest to leave this to a trained professional.
Dirty Air Filter - Dirty furnace filters clogged with dust, pet hair and other debris will inhibit the flow of air over the heat exchanger and make warming your home more difficult. Make sure you change your air filter every one to three months, depending on the variety.
Imbalanced airflow - If it doesn't matter how often, and at what temperature, you run your furnace, some rooms never seem to be warm enough, it could be the airflow. In this case, it isn't the furnace at all. To determine if this is the problem, you should have a full airflow analysis, correction and balancing.
Leaky Ducts - Cracks, broken seals, and even poor insulation in your ductwork can permit warm air to escape, which makes it very difficult to keep your home warm. If you suspect this is a problem consider having your ducts professionally inspected and sealed or insulated.
Lack of Maintenance - Of all the furnace problems, a lack of furnace maintenance is the biggest culprit. When it comes to efficiency, a well-maintained furnace will always outperform its dirty, out of tune counterpart. You should plan on having your furnace professionally cleaned and maintained at least once a year to maximize on efficiency and performance. Units that run efficiently use less energy. When you are using less energy, you're spending less money.
Unit is Past Its Prime - Efficiency, efficiency, efficiency. Today's newer furnaces operate much more efficiently than the older units of yesterday. If your unit is older than 15 years, you should consider purchasing a new furnace. The savings over the long run will outweigh the cost of the upgrade.
If you are having problems with your furnace and you suspect one of these possible causes listed below, it's always best to contact a trained professional HVAC technician to help you verify your suspicions and make the best suggestions for improvement.
Pippin Brothers is Lawton's leading HVAC specialist. Contact us online today to learn how we can help you.
Is Your HVAC System Wasting Money by Breathing Through a Straw?
Can I Replace Only the Compressor or Do I Need a Whole New Air Conditioner?


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Our Sales Awards Collection is a group of awards traditionally used for the sales force in your company. These are the employees that bring in the new revenue and help build your business. Recognize them with an award to show them how important they are to your companies success.
Corporate Ascent Glass Awards	Sales Awards
Sophistication and an elegant appeal are the highlights of this line of Ascent Glass Awards in a jade finish. A bevel cut in the glass runs around the perimeter and frames the large personalization area which can be either sandblasted or laser engraved. Sitting atop a beveled glass base this product is available in three heights 7 1/2", 8 1/2", and 9 1/2" giving you plenty of choices for your award needs. A beautifully padded and lined blue presentation box completes these fine awards that anyone would be proud to give or receive. Sales Awards
Corporate Crest Desk Stand Glass Awards	Sales Awards
Sophistication and an elegant appeal are the highlights of this line of Corporate Crest Desk Stand Glass Awards. A bevel cut in the glass runs around the perimeter and frames the large personalization area which can be either sandblasted or laser engraved. These items are made to sit on desk or credenza as the have silver tone pin that is inserted at the bottom allowing the award to sit an angle so it can be easily viewed by all. This product is available in a jade finish and three heights 6", 7", and 8" giving you plenty of choices for your award needs. A conventional white box is also included for that can be used when presenting the award. Sales Awards
Corporate Crystal Diamond	Sales Awards
These Corporate Crystal Diamond awards come with a matching crystal base and are ideal to recognize the ultimate in achievement. The diamond is facetted and in a pear cut. A choice of 3 height sizes, 7", 8", or 9", and with plenty of area for your personalization needs, these crystal diamond awards will be a hit. All crystal awards can be lasered or sandblasted for personalization. A handsome blue presentation box is also included with these items. Imagine the expression of the person when they see their name on one of these impressive awards. Sales Awards
Diamond - 7"
Corporate Crystal Eclipse	Sales Awards
These Corporate Crystal Eclipse awards are ideal to recognize the ultimate in achievement. These awards mix vibrant color and elegant crystal together to give a dramatic effect. The crystal is cut with a slight bevel edge and allows plenty of room for any of your personalization needs. These 1" thick crystal pieces come in your choice of Black, Amber, or Blue while 3 sizes, 6" X 7 1/2", 7" X 8 3/4", and 8" X 9 3/4" provides the ultimate in flexibility for your event. All crystal awards can be lasered or sandblasted for personalization. A handsome blue presentation box is also included with these items. Imagine the expression of the person when they see their name on one of these impressive awards. Sales Awards
Black 6" X 7 1/2" X 1"
Blue 6" X 7 1/2" X 1"
Amber 6" X 7 1/2" X 1"
Corporate Crystal Everest	Sales Awards
These Corporate Crystal Everest awards come with a matching crystal base and are ideal to recognize the ultimate in achievement. A bevel cut pattern around the outside of the "peak" shape of the award adds another dimension to these awards. With a choice of 3 height sizes, 7", 8", or 9", and with plenty of area for your personalization, these crystal Everest awards will be a hit. All crystal awards can be lasered or sandblasted for personalization. A handsome blue presentation box is also included with these items. Imagine the expression of the person when they see their name on one of these impressive awards. Sales Awards
Everest - 7"
Corporate Crystal Facet Plates	Sales Awards
These Corporate Crystal Faceted Plates come with a matching crystal base and are ideal to recognize the ultimate in achievement. The faceting along the outside of the plate leaves plenty of room in the middle for your personalization needs. With a choice of 3 plate sizes , 6 1/2", 7 3/4", and 8 1/2" these crystal faceted plates will be a hit. All crystal awards can be lasered or sandblasted for personalization. A handsome blue presentation box is also included with these items. Imagine the expression of the person when they see their name on one of these impressive awards. Sales Awards
Facets Plate - 6 1/2"
Corporate Crystal Fan	Sales Awards
These Corporate Crystal Fan awards come with a matching crystal base and are ideal to recognize the ultimate in achievement. The fan face is cut at an angle allowing for plenty of area for personalization. A choice of 3 height sizes, 7 1/2", 8 1/2", or 9 1/4" gives great flexibility and assures that these crystal fan awards will be a hit. All crystal awards can be lasered or sandblasted for personalization. A handsome blue presentation box is also included with these items. Imagine the expression of the person when they see their name on one of these impressive awards. Sales Awards
Fan - 7 1/2"
Corporate Crystal Gem	Sales Awards
These Corporate Crystal Gem awards come with a matching crystal base and are ideal to recognize the ultimate in achievement. A bevel cut around the entire award allows for plenty of area for personalization. A choice of 3 height sizes, 6 3/4", 7 5/8", and 8 3/4" gives great flexibility and assures that these crystal gem awards will be a hit. All crystal awards can be lasered or sandblasted for personalization. A handsome blue presentation box is also included with these items. Imagine the expression of the person when they see their name on one of these impressive awards. Sales Awards
Corporate Crystal Ice Flow	Sales Awards
These Corporate Crystal Ice Flow awards are ideal to recognize the ultimate in achievement. Boasting a 1" thick body and a unique cut pattern that gives this crystal award the appearance of an ice flow adds another dimension to these awards. With a choice of 3 sizes, 4 1/2", 5 1/2", or 6 1/2" gives plenty of area for your personalization assuring that these crystal ice flow awards will be a hit. All crystal awards can be lasered or sandblasted for personalization. A handsome blue presentation box is also included with these items. Imagine the expression of the person when they see their name on one of these impressive awards. Sales Awards
Ice Flow - 4 1/2"
Corporate Crystal Kryptonite	Sales Awards
These Corporate Crystal Kryptonite awards are ideal to recognize the ultimate in achievement. The award is cut at an angle on one side reveling other cuts inside and giving plenty of room for any of your personalization needs. A choice of 2 height sizes, 6", and 7 1/2" give flexibility to meet your recognition needs. All crystal awards can be lasered or sandblasted for personalization. A handsome blue presentation box is also included with these items. Imagine the expression of the person when they see their name on one of these impressive awards. Sales Awards
Kryptonite - 6"
Kryptonite - 7 1/2"


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City Notes
Stuff Crush
We Heart
Vienna • Shopping
The Shop at Daniel Vienna
Buy into this nostalgia trip...
Rob Wilkes • 13 December, 2012
You may (make that should) remember the myriad charms of the Hotel Daniel Vienna that we featured back in October – we certainly did, so much so that it nagged away at us until we had to go back for a closer look, in particular at their shop area. If there are any cynics reading, the answer is no, we are not on commission. We just likes what we likes, and we likes this place.
In keeping with the free-flowing philosophy of the hotel in general, the shop area sort of starts at the hotel reception, which doubles as the shop counter. It's made from a 1960s shoe shop cabinet, the glass display chaotically crammed with all manner of bits and bobs. The fixtures continue inventively throughout the retail space – old crates, pallets, and even washing machine drums serve to display the specially designed and branded products, which range from the useful (in travelling terms) to the purely decorative, but which fit the surroundings perfectly.
As for the non-consumers, they can just take a load off on the great armchair-sofa-swing thing at the bakery, and soak up the nostalgic atmosphere.
Shops, Interiors, Hotels, Vienna, Design, Fashion, Travel
Seeking betterment of humankind through creativity and sustainability, AZULIK Uh May is an ambitious project for the Mayan jungle...
Mid-century modern and a rarefied club environ make for a New York coworking space with real swagger...
Family-run Italian mountain hotel, Miramonti, receives a thoughtful and considered design overhaul from London design practice...
You may (make that should) remember the myriad charms of the Hotel Daniel Vienna that we featured back in October – we certainly did, so much so that it nagged away at us until we had to go back for a closer look, in particular at their shop area....
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Locke return with another stunning home-meets-hotel, this time channeling the counterculture spirit of the sun-soaked Mojave Desert...
The Mojave Desert and Joshua Tree National Park were the unexpected inspiration behind the aesthetics of home-meets-hotel brand Locke's latest opening, Bermonds Locke; London-based interior architects, Holloway Li, using repurposed materials and...
The team behind Proper live up to their name once again, Hotel June a bona fide slice of Californian cool for Los Angeles's Westside...
With an iconic Westside location, free-thinking spirit, and views of both Downtown L.A. and the Pacific Ocean, Hotel June merges past and present; the 250-room property imbued with great design, details, creativity and ambience that all converge...
A publication with authenticity at its core, Lodestars Anthology's latest issue dives into the visual and cultural fiesta that is Mexico...
A publication that oozes beauty and craftsmanship, Lodestars Anthology is a magazine-meets-journal with authenticity at its core. Initially launched in 2014, the publication delves deep into the soul of whichever country it dedicates a whole issue...
Local New England creatives come together to deliver a distilled hospitality experience with decadent retro design at The Wayfinder...
Located in Newport, Rhode Island, close to a yacht-filled waterfront, The Wayfinder is a design hotel that embodies the seaside city's relaxed feel and independent energy; distilling the essence and nostalgia of mid-century Americana into a...
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Étang-sur-Arroux – miejscowość i gmina we Francji, w regionie Burgundia-Franche-Comté, w departamencie Saona i Loara.

Według danych na rok 1990 gminę zamieszkiwało 1835 osób, a gęstość zaludnienia wynosiła 53 osoby/km² (wśród 2044 gmin Burgundii Étang-sur-Arroux plasuje się na 112. miejscu pod względem liczby ludności, natomiast pod względem powierzchni na miejscu 118.).

Bibliografia

Etang-sur-Arroux


Freight Shipping Pros provides stress free freight shipping and truckload solutions in Butler, PA. How do you get started? Tell us what you need to have and we will make it happen. We have the finest facilities to ensure your freight will safely and quickly reach their location.
We provide the most aggressive rates for a freight quote among other shipping corporations in Butler. We have a wide network of duly certified, professional and reputable carriers around Pennsylvania. If you are interested in using our freight quotes, you can easily filling out our form and our Butler agents will gladly answer all your concerns.
Freight Shipping Pros offers trustworthy freight shipping you can count on in Butler. If you need to ship something that weighs more than 100 pounds and less than 7,000, our LTL services would suit you best. Do not panic if you have to ship something that weighs more than that. Our Full Truckload (FTL) freight services are great for freight that weighs more than 7,000 pounds.
Do you have cargo that needs to be kept cold during transport? No problem, Freight Shipping Pros has cooled trucking units. All we need from you is accurate shipping information, and we'll handle the rest. Lastly, don't worry because your deliveries will always be covered by insurance when you ship in Butler, Pennsylvania.
When you call Freight Shipping Pros there's no need to call around to locate better LTL shipping, because we have the lowest prices in the area. We're able to offer competitive rates because the companies we contract with provide us with their services at marked down prices. We also have a well trained staff that is familiar with all our products to be able to handle any difficulty that takes place in Butler.
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Any FTL shipping service rate will be based on per mile cost, where each load will have a minimum rate. The rate per mile will depend on where the shipment came from and where it is to be delivered. Another factor is traffic, especially if the cargo is going to a large metropolitan area, or areas where there are a lot of mountain tops or cold weather, which often can cause shipping trucks problems. To get an specific quote on your FTL shipping, fill out our freight shipping quote form. We promise that in Butler, or any other cities in Pennsylvania, Freight Shipping Pros is the best deal.


For advanced users or plugins writers, the configurators key is available, and holds a list of buildbot.interfaces.IConfigurator. Configurators will run after the master.cfg has been processed, and will modify the config dictionary. Configurator implementers should make sure that they are interoperable with each other, which means carefully modifying the config to avoid overriding a setting already made by the user or by another configurator. Configurators are run (thus prioritized) in the order of the configurators list.
Buildbot stores historical information in its database. In a large installation, these can quickly consume disk space, yet in many cases developers never consult this historical information.
JanitorConfigurator creates a builder and Nightly scheduler which will regularly remove old information. At the moment it only supports cleaning of logs, but it will contain more features as we implement them.
Arguments given to the Nightly scheduler which is backing the JanitorConfigurator. Determines when the cleanup will be done. With this, you can configure it daily, weekly or even hourly if you wish. You probably want to schedule it when Buildbot is less loaded.


Established since 1981, the family run company has succeeded in making the Cloverleaf brand, a name that is respected by koi and other fish pond enthusiasts around the globe.
Design, innovation, focus on fish health, quality of construction, flexibility, reliability, low maintenance, and good value for money are qualities that set Cloverleaf apart.
Their range of blanket weed treatment Blanket Answer has become one of the leading products in its field.
Browse the large range of products all at great discounted prices.