Inappropriate prescription of antibiotics is the leading driver of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The majority of antibiotics are prescribed in primary care.
Understanding how general practitioners (GPs) use diagnostic tests and the effect on treatment decision under daily practice conditions is important to reduce inappropriate prescription of antibiotics. The aim of the study was to investigate the use of diagnostic tests in primary care patients with suspected urinary tract infection (UTI) and to assess the appropriateness of the treatment decision (TD) under daily practice conditions in Denmark.
Prospective observational study. Symptomatic adult patients consulting general practice with suspected UTI recruited over 12 months. The diagnostic workup was registered in a standardized form. The appropriateness of the TD was assessed based on the results of a culture performed at a reference microbiological laboratory. TD was considered appropriate if a patient had a positive culture and was prescribed antibiotics or had a negative culture and was not prescribed antibiotics. TD was considered inappropriate if a patient had a negative culture and was prescribed antibiotics (overtreatment) or had a positive culture and was not prescribed antibiotics (undertreatment).
Four hundred and eighty-eight patients were included. Dipstick was used in 98% of the patients and urine culture was used in 89% of the patients; 317 had the culture performed in practice and 117 had the culture performed at the hospital. The appropriateness of the final TD was significantly (p = 0.04) lower in patients without culture (55%) than in patients with culture performed in practice (71%) or at hospital (69%).
In a context with wide availability of diagnostic tests, GPs use diagnostic tests for the decision-making process in all patients with suspected UTI. Urine culture is used in the majority of the patients and is associated with a higher proportion of appropriate treatment decisions. Performance of urine culture is therefore important in reducing inappropriate antibiotic prescribing in patients with suspected UTI seeking care in general practice in Denmark.
Optimizing the use of antimicrobials and increasing the investment in diagnostic tests are part of the key strategies of the World Health Organization (WHO) for counteracting the spread and development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) .
Denmark has a low prescription rate of antimicrobials at primary health care level in comparison to other European countries . Nonetheless, there is still a high use of antibiotics at primary health care level .
In Denmark, suspected Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a frequent cause for antibiotic prescribing  and use of point-of-care tests (POCTs) . There are no national guidelines on the diagnostic procedures to be followed in patients with suspected UTI. It is up to the GPs as managers/owners of the practice to decide the type of urine tests that are available in their practice. Furthermore, it is up to the GPs as clinicians to decide whether a diagnostic test should be performed in a patient with suspected UTI.
There is wide availability of diagnostic tests, which can be used in patients with suspected UTI. The diagnostic workup may include 1) dipstick, 2) microscopy, 3) culture performed and interpreted in practice, and/or 4) culture sent to a hospital laboratory. All practices can send urine samples for culture at hospital and most practices have a small laboratory where they can perform simple testing. GPs receive a fee for performing tests in practice, and there is no economic restriction to the number of tests per individual patient.
The use of urine culture implies a two-step treatment decision: first a decision when the patient consults the GP (index consultation), and a second step after the result of the urine culture is available. For cultures performed in practice, the results can be seen 1 day after the index consultation, while it may take up to 3 or 4 days to receive the results from a hospital.
In busy primary care, diagnostic test results may not translate directly to treatment decisions [6, 7], as these decisions are affected by several contextual factors [8, 9]. Therefore, the impact of diagnostic workup on appropriate treatment should be assessed under daily practice conditions.
The aim of this study was to describe the use of diagnostic tests in patients with suspected UTI and to assess the impact of the diagnostic work-up on the treatment decision under daily practice conditions in Denmark.
The study protocol has been published previously . An observational study of the management of patients with suspected UTI in general practice under daily practice conditions was carried out between December 2014 and December 2015. It was part of the context assessment of a quality improvement program aimed at reducing the inappropriate prescription of antibiotics in patients with suspected UTI.
A random sample of 500 practices from the capital region of Copenhagen was invited by letter to participate; 39 accepted the invitation. Each practice included up to 20 patients fulfilling four criteria: a) > 18 years of age, b) presence of dysuria and/or frequency, c) suspected UTI, d) not currently taking antibiotics. In a standardized form the GPs registered number of days with symptoms, types of symptoms, potential risk factors for UTI, diagnostic workup performed, and treatment decision.
All patients were requested to provide a mid-stream urine sample (approx. 20 ml) of which half could be used for diagnostic purposes in practice, and the other half (reference standard) was cultured at a reference laboratory (Statens Serum Institute, SSI). The sample analysed by SSI was preserved in boric acid and sent by certified post on the day of the consultation. Results from the reference standard analysis were not available for the participating GPs.
At SSI, cultures were analyzed by a microbiology technician who had no information about the clinical history of the patient. A positive culture was defined as growth of ≥103 colony forming units per milliliter (CFU/ml) for E. coli and S. saprophyticus, ≥104 CFU/mL for other typical uropathogens and ≥ 105 CFU/ml for possible uropathogens according to the European Urinalysis Standards .
As the main focus of analysis was the role of diagnostic tests in the decision-making process, treatment decision was selected as the primary outcome . The appropriateness of the treatment decision was evaluated against the reference standard (i.e. culture at SSI). Treatment decision was considered as appropriate when a patient with a positive reference culture was prescribed antibiotics or a patient with a negative culture received no antibiotics. Treatment decision was considered as inappropriate for patients with a negative culture who received antibiotics (overtreatment) or patients with a positive culture who were not prescribed antibiotics (undertreatment).
UTI was defined as complicated if the patient was a man, a pregnant woman, a woman ≥65 years, had a relevant co-morbidity or was assessed by the nurse or GP to have complicated cystitis or pyelonephritis. An anamnestic score was calculated. It is the sum of positive findings recorded by the GP, in the standardized data collection form, during the anamnestic phase of the consultation (range 1–11).
The diagnostic pathways were categorized into three groups: a) no urine culture performed, b) urine culture performed in practice, and c) urine culture performed at the hospital.
The statistical analysis was performed in two steps. First, possible determinants for the use of the various diagnostic tests were investigated in logistic regression models. We tested the following predictor variables individually with practices as a random intercept. The predictors were: a) anamnestic information, b) availability of diagnostic tests and c) information from any diagnostic tests previously performed (See Additional file 1: Table S1).
Secondly, we used a permutation test to assess the impact of the diagnostic pathway variable on the treatment decision . The multinomial regression model was adjusted for the predictors that were significant in the first model and the differences in baseline characteristics of the diagnostic pathway groups. All analyses were performed in the R programming language and environment v3.3.2 "Sincere Pumpkin Patch" using the lme4 and nnet package .
The study was approved by the ethical committee of the Capital region (case number: H-4- 2014-097). Informed written consent was obtained from all patients participating in the study.
Four hundred and eighty-eight patients were recruited to the study. Dipstick was done in 480 (98%) patients and microscopy in 160 (32%) patients. 434 (89%) patients had a urine culture performed as part of the diagnostic work-up; done in practices in 317 (65%) and sent to hospital in 117 (24%) patients. The most common combination of diagnostic tests was dipstick and culture done in practice (n = 240, 49% of the patients) – Table 1.
Dipstick results (n = 480) included reactions for nitrite and leucocytes. In 334 (69%) patients, the two reactions pointed in different directions: most frequently, the reaction for leucocytes was positive and for nitrite negative. 63 (13%) patients had negative reactions for both nitrite and leucocytes and 91 (18%) were positive for both.
Microscopy results (n = 160) included identification of ≥ 1 bacteria per High Power Field (HPF) in 106 (66%) patients; and identification of ≥ 1 white blood cell per HPF in 70 (43%) patients. Combination of ≥ 1 bacteria + ≥ 1 white blood cell per HPF in 30 (19%) patients.
The sensitivity of urine culture performed and interpreted in practice was 94% (95% CI 89%; 96%), specificity 51% (95%CI 43%; 59%), Positive Predictive Value – PPV 69% (95% CI 63%; 74%), Negative Predictive Value – NPV 88% (95% CI 79%;93%) – see Additional file 1: Table S2.
The sensitivity of urine culture performed at hospital was 90% (95% CI 80%; 95%), specificity 89% (95% CI 78%;94%), PPV 90% (95% CI 80%;95%), NPV 89% (95% CI 78%;94%) – see Additional file 1: Table S3.
Table 2 shows the distribution of baseline characteristics in patients without culture, those where culture was done in practices and patients whose culture was sent to hospital. The proportion of uncomplicated UTIs was higher (70%) in patients with no culture performed than in patients with practice culture (60%) or hospital culture (34%).
Identification of predictors for use of additional diagnostic testing is shown in Additional file 1: Table S1. Neither a suspected complicated UTI nor the results of dipstick or microscopy predicted the incorporation of urine culture within the diagnostic workup. The incorporation of a diagnostic test was predicted by the availability of diagnostic tests. For example, availability of a microscope in practice decreased the propensity of performing a culture in practice (OR 0.04, 95% CI 0.004; 0.5) and availability of culture in practice decreased the propensity of performing a culture at hospital (OR 0.01, 95% CI 0.001; 0.08).
The incorporation of a diagnostic test was predicted as well by anamnestic information. For example, a high anamnestic score decreased the likelihood of performing urine culture in practice OR 0.7 (95% CI 0.6; 0.9), but increased cultures at hospital OR 1.5 (95% CI 1.1; 1.9).
Offensive smell increased urine cultures at hospital OR 2.9 (95% CI 1.2; 7), but not in practice.
Table 3 shows the distribution of appropriate treatment decisions in the three diagnostic pathway groups. The distribution of the treatment decision was different between the three diagnostic pathways. For example, the day of the index consultation (i.e. first treatment decision), overtreatment was seen in 39% of patients without culture, 14% of those with culture in practice, and 27% of the patients with culture sent to hospital (p-value: 0.0001).
For the final treatment decision, an appropriate treatment decision was taken in: 55% of patients without culture, 71% of those with culture in practice, and 69% of the patients with cultures sent to hospital (p-value = 0.04).
In a practice setting with wide availability of diagnostic tests, nearly all patients with suspected UTI are examined with urine dipstick and for most, urine culture is part of the diagnostic workup. Neither a suspected complicated UTI nor the results of dipstick or microscopy predict the incorporation of urine culture within the diagnostic workup. Incorporation of urine culture within the decision-making process is associated with a higher proportion of appropriate treatment decisions.
Although a randomized controlled trial might be considered the ideal design to assess the effect of diagnostic tests on treatment decisions, there is no consensus about the best study design to help understand the link between combination of diagnostic test, test interpretation and treatment decision [6, 13, 14]. Since our study aimed at describing the use of diagnostic tests and the appropriateness of the treatment decision under daily practice conditions, a prospective observational design was a sensible way of capturing the whole decision-making process from consultation to final treatment decision .
The observational study was carried out as part of the context assessment of a quality improvement program. It brings about some advantages and disadvantages.
On one hand, the external validity needs to be considered with caution. Only 39 practices out of 500 accepted to participate. Previous studies have shown that GPs that participate in research or quality improvement activities tend to prescribe fewer antibiotics and are possibly more interested in reducing inappropriate prescribing than their non-participating colleagues [16, 17]. Therefore, the differences shown in this study may be conservative.
On the other hand, observation bias was minimized by the fact that GPs were interested in obtaining an accurate recording of their decisions under daily practice conditions. This type of medical audit has been extensively used in Denmark for more than 25 years . The cornerstone of the methodology is the bottom-up approach in which the GPs set their own improvement goals. Hence, there is no point to record data that do not reflect their everyday practice.
Finally, we cannot completely rule out residual confounding due to unmeasured variables. Nonetheless, the effect of clustering was considered in the assessment of predictors and differences between the diagnostic groups. The model to test the association between the diagnostic pathway groups and treatment decision was adjusted by the predictors for the combination of tests and differences in baseline characteristics between the diagnostic pathway groups.
This study shows the complexity of the decision-making process in a group perceived as "easy" patients in general practice .
International guidelines recommend the inclusion of urine culture as part of the diagnostic process only in suspected complicated UTI to target the right antibiotic choice [20, 21]. In our study, an uncomplicated versus complicated UTI did not predict the incorporation of urine culture within the diagnostic workup. It may be explained by the current debate on finding a new approach  to define the type of UTI based on burden of symptoms, risk factors, and availability of appropriate antimicrobial therapy. For example, in the no culture group the median anamnestic score was lower than in the other two groups. It means GPs possibly considered these patients as "uncomplicated cases". Furthermore, the higher the anamnestic score the higher the probability to send the urine culture to the hospital and the lower the probability to perform the urine culture in the practice.
Results from the tests performed previously did not predict incorporation of a test within the diagnostic work-up. It indicates a quality problem in the use of diagnostic tests. An obvious reason for the unsystematic use of diagnostic tests might be the payment scheme. Danish primary care system provides economic incentive for the GP to perform laboratory testing in practice, and this may have influenced the diagnostic workup.
Nonetheless, shortcomings of the dipstick and microscopy may lead to the incorporation of another test in order to gain certainty on the diagnosis. The use of dipsticks in primary care needs to take into consideration two important factors for the interpretation . Firstly, a minimum bladder incubation time of 4 h, what is difficult if we take into consideration that one of the main motives of consultation is frequency. Secondly, common uropathogens such as Enterococcus spp. and Staphylococcus spp. do not reduce nitrites. Microscopy requires expertise and the sensitivity is low with colony counts < 105 . Then, Danish GPs may rely more on the results of a urine culture.
Behavioural and medical reasons may explain the inclusion of urine culture in the diagnostic workup for most patients too.
Sackett et al. have long ago described four diagnostic approaches in clinical practice . A mixture of the hypothetico-deductive strategy where the clinician gathers information to either confirm or refute his/her hypothesis and the complete history strategy could explain our results.
In a country with a strong antibiotic stewardship program, GPs are aware of the societal consequences of unnecessary use of antibiotics. They need to find a way to counteract the systematic error called "confirmation bias" . This error arises from the tendency to seek and interpret evidence that predominantly confirms a pre-existing hypothesis. In our population, patients entered the study with a suspected UTI, thus for the GPs it may be difficult to withhold antibiotic prescribing. Not surprisingly, inappropriate use of antibiotics is mainly driven by overprescribing of antibiotics and only to a lesser extent by underprescribing.
Cardinal symptoms such as dysuria, frequency and urgency has a high negative predictive value . It means, they are useful to rule out a UTI when absent. However, in our study population, one of the inclusion criteria was dysuria and/or frequency so the negative predictive value could not be used to rule out a UTI.
Urine culture performed in a laboratory is currently regarded as the best available test to rule in or out an infection . Thus, GPs may see the use of urine culture as the best way to counteract "the confirmation bias".
The clinical history plays a role when GPs decide whether to perform a urine culture in the practice or send it to the hospital. This has an effect as well on treatment decision.
In patients whose urine culture was performed in practice, the expectation of obtaining a result the following day combined with low anamnestic scores encouraged both GPs and patients to withhold antibiotics. The day of the index consultation, only 14% of patients were over-treated. However, incorrect interpretation of the culture resulted in 24% overtreatment for the final treatment decision.
For patients with hospital culture, a few days' delay of culture result combined with a higher symptom score led to more antibiotic overprescribing at the day of the index consultation (27%). It is in line with a qualitative study on TDs in patients with suspected UTI, where GPs preferred to treat empirically due to the discomfort experienced by the patient .
Implementation of effective interventions to reduce inappropriate use of antibiotics requires thorough knowledge of the context in which the decision to prescribe antibiotics is taken . For example, for the group of GPs that participated in this study, education on interpretation of urine culture in practice or improving communication with the microbiology department are interventions that might reduce the inappropriate prescribing of antibiotics.
This assessment should encourage the implementation of studies to assess the use of the available diagnostic tests to set-up improvement strategies that can reduce the unnecessary prescription of antibiotics within each context/country.
Finally, the results presented in this paper focus on the impact on treatment decision. Further research assessing the cost-effectiveness and impact on patients' outcomes should contribute with information to evaluate the multi-dimensional value of these diagnostic strategies.
In a context with wide availability of diagnostic tests, GPs use diagnostic tests in all the patients with suspected UTI. It may be explained by economic as well as medical/behavioural reasons. Inclusion of urine culture as part of the diagnostic workup leads to appropriate treatment decision in the majority of the patients. Performance of urine culture is important for reducing inappropriate prescribing in patients with suspected UTI seeking care in general practice in Denmark.
We would like to acknowledge the General Practitioners and patients that contributed with data for the study. We would like to thank as well Anette Hammerum, Frank Hansen and Nadia Xenia Olsen for their work in the processing of the urine culture at the Statens Serum Institute (SSI). Finally, our deep gratitude to the Audit Project Odense (APO) group for data management.
This study was fund by: a) 2016 fund (grant from the University of Copenhagen to promote interdisciplinary research), b) KAP-H (agency for quality in primary care at the capital region), c) læge Sofus Carl Emil Friis og Hustru Olga Doris Friis' legat.
GC AH TMS MM LB NF designed the study. VS HS supervised the statistical analysis and contributed with the interpretation. GC wrote the first draft and all authors critically revised the manuscript and approved the final version.
The study was approved by The National Committee on Health Research Ethics of Denmark (case number: H-4- 2014-097). Informed written consent was obtained from all patients participating in the study.


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Similarities/Differences of Macbeth, Banquo, and Macduff
Similarities/Differences of Macbeth, Banquo, and Macduff Essay
Paper type: Essay Pages: 4 (888 words)
Macbeth, Banquo, and Macduff are three characters in Shakespears tragedy, Macbeth. These three characters have some similarities, but ultimately are very different in the choices and decisions they make, and all play a different role in this play. Macbeth is an ambitious Thane who lets his greed and thirst for power overcome his loyalty. Banquo plays a neutral role; he is loyal but capable of some evil. Macduff is a strong, selfless character whose first priority is the good of Scotland.
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All three characters have different beliefs and are fighting for different things; their choices change them and make them all have a different title, hero, or villain. Macbeth is the main character in the play who seems to make all the wrong decisions, he is ambitious, thirsty for power, and ultimately, evil. Macbeth is a very unique character, the thing that differentiates the most from the other characters is the amount of ambition he has. The main ambition that we see is his ambition to become the king of Scotland, he wants more than anything to become king and will do anything to get there.
He first kills the king so he can get the throne, and then kills his best friend to make sure he won't tell. Most people don't have heart or dedication to go through with something so evil and would not be willing to do the things he did, it just shows how bad he actually wanted the throne. Macbeths thirst for power was brought on by the witches and there prophecies, and ultimately they killed the king. If the witches never told Macbeth that it was fate for him to be king, he never would have thought of killing the king, or any of the other people he murdered.
Once he got the hope of becoming king in his head he couldn't get it out, and with a push from his wife he went through with it, and took every step necessary. Throughout the play Macbeth gets more and more evil and eventually you think of him as the villain of the play. He became the villain when he killed the king, and then got more evil when he killed his best friend Banquo, and reached his peak when he murdered Macduff's wife and child. Macbeth made many bad decisions and ended up fighting to keep his position of king, not letting anything get in his way.
Banquo is a very different character from both Macbeth and Macduff with very different beliefs and priorities. Banquo is portrayed as a neutral character, not a hero or a villain; he falls right between the two. He is considered neutral because he doesn't do anything to directly hurt anyone like Macbeth, but his selfishness indirectly causes many preventable deaths. Banquo is a strong believer of fate so he doesn't reveal the truth about Macbeth murdering the king to anyone; he cares more about the well being of himself than the good of Scotland which is where he gets his evil.
Banquo is naive and ultimately meant no harm, he just wanted success for his kid, and I believe that if Banquo could see the turnout of the whole play he would have done the right thing and stopped Macbeth when he could. Although Banquo is selfish, he is nowhere near the level of evil of Macbeth, and he never meant any harm to anyone, for these reasons he is not a hero or a villain, just neutral. Macduff is portrayed as the most heroic and noble character in the play Macbeth, who ultimately saves Scotland.
Macduff is a thane, and unlike Macbeth and Banquo, his first priority is the good of Scotland. Macduff's selflessness, love, and pride for his country are what make him to be the hero of the play. Macduff was the first person to take a stand against Macbeth; this is because everyone else was scared of Macbeth and what he would do. I feel Macduff knew going to England to form a rebellion would have consequences but knew that something had to be done about Scotland's tyrant.
Forming his rebellion in England resulted in the victory against Macbeth, but also the death of Macduff's wife and son. Every decision that Macduff makes throughout the play is very selfless and is for a bigger picture instead of personal gain like Banwuo and Macbeth, he is fighting for freedom. These displays of pride and love for his country are all reasons why Macduff is the hero of the play. Macbeth, Banquo and Macduff are all very different and all play very different roles. Macbeth lets his thirst for power influence a series of crimes and murders which make him the villain.
Banquo is naive character whose selfishness indirectly leads to many preventable deaths, he never directly does anything to harm or hurt anyone so he is a neutral role in the play. Macduff's pride and selflessness makes him take a stand against Scotland's tyrant rule leaving his personal life behind, this makes him the hero of the play. In summary I have tried to explain the three main characters in Shakespeare's Macbeth and how they define and characterize themselves throughout the play. Each character has strengths and weaknesses but ultimately are all products of the choices they make and are defined by them.
Similarities/Differences of Macbeth, Banquo, and Macduff. (2016, Sep 21). Retrieved from https://studymoose.com/similaritiesdifferences-of-macbeth-banquo-and-macduff-essay
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Hi there, friends and Happy Friday! Back today with a fun new purchase to share — and it's been a long time coming. 🙂 If you look back on my family room posts from our old house, I made no secret of how disgruntled I was with our big brown sofa.
I mean, I was OVER it. First of all, I purchased it back in 2006 when we had all five kids and two dogs at home. It was big and comfortable and would hide all manner of sins (dog hair, spills, etc). And it more than served that purpose for a number of years. But I grew tired of the brown, the two ends began to sag, and as the back cushions flattened over time I had to stack pillows behind me to sit comfortably. I had also paid a PRETTY penny for it and was reluctant to part with it for a long time for that reason alone.
Fast forward to our impending move last winter and as we looked at new spaces for us — smaller spaces for us — it became clear early on that this sofa was not going to fit in ANY of the living/family rooms we looked at. And suddenly, I realized I could let it go — it was almost like I had to give myself permission to let. it. go.
Luckily, I have a part-time job (that I've had since January) at a really amazing home decor and furniture store. As I learned more and more about the construction of furniture and how customization makes all the difference in investment pieces I knew I would order a new sofa there when the time came. And so I stalked our models on the floor and spent time in training to learn a bit more about the different sofas we offer to decide which was the best for us. Fun, right?
I'll be sharing soon what sofa model and fabric I chose! I actually have a Pinterest board that might offer you a few clues — one I've been pinning to for a loooong time. 🙂 I have a few weeks to wait for it, but it will be well worth it!
Hope you have something fun planned for the weekend… we're outta here to relax with friends before Legacy REALLY ramps up next week! Back soon — thanks for stopping by!


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The Seige of Kut
Team BP
Image Source: Wikimedia Commons
This story was originally published in December 2011.
During the winter of 1951, the British fought the Battle of Ctesiphon (Iraq) against the Turkish Empire in an attempt to protect the oil refinery in Abadan, Iran in the British territory. By the end of day three, both General Townshend leading the British and Indian troops and Colonel Nureddin of the Turkish army ordered a withdrawal.
While only 11,000 men from the British army survived and made it to Kut-al-Amara (Iraq) for a retreat, Nuredin turned his army around to Kut in pursuit of the British-Indian troops. Townshend knew that the Turkish had enough forces to lay a siege on Kut, so an escape towards the south was ordered. Outnumbering the British, the Turkish army surrounded the 11,000 men. Disappointed, the British leaders were now desperate to procure their troops. In their last attempt, they offered two million pounds to the Turkish Empire, only to be turned down.
After a siege of 147 days (December 1915–April 1916), Townshend surrendered to the Turks and the allied soldiers survived only to be made prisoners of war. Many soldiers had died of diseases or at the hands of the enemy during imprisonment because of the harsh conditions during the siege and the bitterly cold winter.
This photo was taken in July 1916 when the imprisoned troops were released from Turkish captivity in Baghdad. The skeleton frame of an Indian army soldier, who survived the siege of Kut, speaks not only of the terrible conditions, but also of the Turkish army's harsh behaviour towards the soldiers.
Tags: analogue photography, Black and White photography, December 1915–April 1916, documenatary photography, film photography, historical photograph, Indian army, indian history, prisoner of war, prisoner portraits, siege on Kut, soldier, story behind the photograph, War photograph


Rare photos show hidden life of partisans who fought Nazis – J.
Faye Schulman always carried two things with her in the forests of Poland. A medical kit to care for her fellow partisans, and a camera.
When she wasn't tending to others' wounds, she would set up her Doppel Anastigmat on a tripod and capture life in the woods.
Click: Faye, in profile, wearing a leopard-print fur coat and pointing a rifle.
Click: Faye with her partisan group, the only woman in a cluster of men.
Click: Faye cleaning the wounds of a partisan who lay on a makeshift operating table, made from thick tree branches.
These scenes are among the 33 black and white photographs on display through March 25 at Berkeley Hillel. "Pictures of Resistance: The Photography of Jewish Partisan Faye Schulman" is presented by the S.F.-based Jewish Partisans Educational Foundation.
Schulman is the only known Jewish partisan photographer to capture life in the forest, Braff said. Most photographs of World War II resistance fighters were taken after liberation.
Schulman is now 89 years old. But in the 65-year-old black and white photos, she is radiant, her round face and high cheekbones a striking mug indeed. She is young and optimistic, her smile sincere. Posing for the camera, she has a twinkle in her eye.
One wonders how she stayed so upbeat in the throes of war.
"I would never complain, because that would mean I wasn't a good partisan. So I always had to have a smile," she said during a recent phone interview from her home in Toronto.
The story behind the photos is as remarkable as the images themselves.
Born in 1925 in Lenin, Poland, Schulman grew up in a small town in what is now Belarus. In 1939, Russia and Germany divided Poland, and Lenin fell under Russian jurisdiction.
Schulman's brother, a photographer, taught her how to take pictures, process negatives and develop prints. She worked as his assistant. She also knew a little about medicine, as her brother-in-law was a doctor.
When the Nazis invaded in 1941, they forced the town's 1,800 Jews into a ghetto — except for six "useful Jews." Among them: a tailor, a carpenter and a photographer.
Schulman was recruited to take pictures for the Nazis (her brother had already fled town). She would snap headshots of Nazi officials and portraits of their mistresses.
One day, she developed a photograph that was clearly a mass grave of Jews who had been killed. Peering closely at the print, she recognized her own family. She hid the negative in a box of photo paper to assure it would remain safe and unseen.
She vowed vengeance and sought justice in the forest with a group of Russians — mostly men and overwhelmingly non-Jews — she'd met up with when they raided Lenin for supplies.
She begged them to take her along. They were doubtful of her worth; what good was a woman? But she promised she could serve as a doctor's assistant, and they accepted her into the group.
She recovered her photography equipment during a subsequent raid on Lenin.
Schulman hid her Jewish identity. During Passover, she ate only potatoes, never explaining why.
She made sure her fellow partisans remained healthy through the harshness of winter, and tended to their periodic battle wounds.
She made her own stop bath and fixer, and buried bottles of the solutions in holes in the ground, retrieving them when needed.
For two years, she lived in the forest and documented life there. She would make "sun prints" by putting the negative next to photographic paper and holding it toward the sun. She'd then give them to fellow resistance fighters.
"They treasured their pictures and respected me for it," she said.
The traveling photo exhibit at Berkeley Hillel represents only a fraction of the pictures and negatives Schulman created.
She married after the war. She and her husband, Morris, could take very little with them to the displaced persons camp in Germany. Though she had very few belongings after two years in the forest, Schulman possessed many, many photos and negatives. She selected only her favorite prints and negatives to take with her to the DP camp, where she spent three years. She brought those with her to Canada.
In the exhibit, each photo is paired with a lengthy explanation of the image. The text is in Schulman's own words, recorded during an interview Braff conducted with her in her Toronto home in 2005.
She also wrote a book chronicling her story. "A Partisan's Memoir: Woman of the Holocaust" was published in 1995.
"I want people to know there was resistance," Faye said during that interview, the text of which is displayed with the photo exhibit.
Dave Glass, a freelance documentary photographer in San Francisco, viewed the exhibit during the opening reception March 3. The son of Holocaust survivors, he was astounded the photos existed.
Glass was so enamored by Schulman's photos that he plans to go back and view the exhibit again.
"Pictures of Resistance" is on display through March 25 at Berkeley Hillel, 2736 Bancroft Way, Berkeley. For exhibit hours, contact Lehrhaus Judaica at (510) 845-6420.


text:
Q: Offline first app using SQL I'm working on Offline first app. I have tried working on PouchDB-CouchDB but they doesn't go easy for me. Is there any middleware or something using which i can sync server SQL database to local SQL database.

A: As of now, no not really.
CouchDB / PouchDB has lots of constraints, and are trickier to use than SQL, but all those constraints exist to allow for easy replication between two nodes (in this case the browser and the server).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


So, the categories have been announced for the PFM awards… and the deadline will be here before you know it. Winning industry awards isn't just a matter of luck.
If you're going to spend time and money entering an award scheme, then it's worth planning it properly and producing the best entry you can.
There are dedicated award programmes for the facilities management sector and you should certainly consider these. But also think about the impact you're trying to make. Do you want to raise your profile in a particular sector?
It might be worth looking at awards for service in that sector - healthcare or education, for example. Are you working outside of the UK? Consider entering a European or global award programme.
2. READ THE ENTRY FORM AND CONDITIONS ... THEN RE-READ THEM!
It's surprising how many entries are received by awards organisers that don't meet the entry criteria. Many awards have time criteria – for example, a project must have been started or completed within a certain timeframe.
Check your entry is eligible. Some awards will require "counter-signing" of entries by clients. Make sure you have complied. Some awards organisers are sticklers for detail, so check maximum word counts and format stipulations.
You might want to win the 'Best Company' category but so do lots of other people. It's good to be ambitious but another strategy is to improve your chances of making the shortlist or winning by entering less popular categories.
For some awards you can ask the organisers which categories are oversubscribed, and which are struggling for entries. You might also want to check category sponsors. Do you want to receive an award from a competitor smiling through gritted teeth!
Possibly the most crucial decision. Don't opt simply for your latest or biggest project. Think carefully about whether you have a good relationship with your client and the depth of material you'll need to put together a winning entry.
Not all award categories involve clients but where they do, you want them signed up to the idea. Ideally they should want to win the award as much as you.
Explain to them how winning the award will enhance their profile as well. This will make it easier to get cooperation when it comes to putting the entry together and getting it signed off.
Awards judges have to read a lot of submissions – yours needs to stand out. So don't simply list facts, provide a compelling narrative. Explain how your work was part of a wider initiative to improve performance, reduce costs or rationalise locations.
Provide some context - tie your project into your client's mission or objectives. Take the reader along the timeline – from conception to implementation; from pilot to full roll out. Make it personal – add quotes and feedback from staff, customers, visitors, etc. But also provide a summary of the key features and achievements.
Many awards entries fail to score well because they don't back up their claims. If your new helpdesk system resulted in a "major improvement in customer service" then provide the KPI or survey data that shows this.
If you achieved "significant cost savings" then quantify them or at least give the percentage reduction in costs. Include simple graphics to make the point.
Even if the submission doesn't require images you'll almost certainly need them should you make the shortlist or win so be prepared. Many submissions are let down by poor photography and lacklustre design.
Don't forget to book the awards dinner and think carefully about who you invite. It might be an opportunity to recognise members of the team who seldom get accolades. Check who's providing the entertainment just in case there are sensitivities.
You can make the most of your entry from the moment you make the shortlist. Issue a press release, publicise it internally, on your website, through social media and in newsletters. If you really want to get ahead of the game, write your winner's press release before the event.
That way all you'll have to do is drop in the judge's remarks and you can enjoy the celebrations safe in the knowledge that you won't be up at 6am trying to write sparkling copy with a hangover!
Magenta is an award writing specialist with an in-depth knowledge of the leading service and industry awards.
To download our guide to writing a winning award entry, click here. Or email Cathy Hayward on cathy@magentaassociates.co.uk if you'd like our support and quote #MAWARDS to qualify for a 10% discount.


text:
Ahmed Ben Bella Quotes
Enjoy the top 31 famous quotes, sayings and quotations by Ahmed Ben Bella.
"Yes, my life is a life of combat; I can say that this has never stopped for a single instant. It is a combat that started for me at the age of 16. Im 90 years old now, and my motivation hasnt changed; its the same fervour that drives me."
— Ahmed Ben Bella —
"I'm optimistic because I'm pragmatic: Neither of the two sides, the military government nor the Islamic front, is capable of winning. If they continue to fight, they will both bleed to death."
— Ahmed Ben Bella
"Colonialism is an idea born in the West that drives Western countries - like France, Italy, Belgium, Great Britain - to occupy countries outside of Europe."
"Peace does not include a vendetta; there will be neither winners nor losers."
"Yes, I am Algerian of Moroccan origin through my parents, but all my life is Algeria. I was born there."
"Algeria was therefore only the beginning of something that was in development: this is why I say that it's the global capitalist system that finally reacted against us."
"In the past, we spoke of poverty, misery only in the south. Now there is a lot of misery, a lot of bad that creates victims in the north as well. This has become manifest: the global system was not made to serve the good of all, but to serve multinational companies."
"The French colonisation of Algeria lasted a long time: 132 years."
"Yes, my life is a life of combat; I can say that this has never stopped for a single instant. It is a combat that started for me at the age of 16. I'm 90 years old now, and my motivation hasn't changed; it's the same fervour that drives me."
"I can say now: all the combatants who participated in the fight for freedom in South America came to Algeria; it's from there that all those who fought left. We trained them, we arranged for the weapons to reach them, we created networks."
It's with them that we have constituted a liberation front and brought our logistic support to armies to help their countries come out of colonialism and establish a national internal regime.
"The liberation movement which I led in Algeria, the organization that I created to fight the French army, was at first a small movement of nothing at all. We were but some tens of people throughout Algeria, a territory that is five times the size of France."
"I think that they participated in something that was not very proper and was very pitiful, not only for the Algerian people, but also for the other people who counted on our support."
"Colonialism is known in its primitive form, that is to say, by the permanent settling of repressive foreign powers, with an army, services, policies. This phase has known cruel colonial occupations which have lasted 300 years in Indonesia."
In two years, there were 22 military coups d'etat, essentially in Africa and the third world. The coup d'etat of Algiers, in 1965, is what opened the path.
"Those who are leftists, once in power, are not different from other parties."
"Algeria is not breaking up."
I am a Muslim Arab, in my actions oriented very to the left, in my convictions.
"I am not a Marxist, but I place myself resolutely at the left."
"It is obvious that taking the country from a state of war to being a lawful state won't be easy."
I am the son of poor peasants who came at a very young age to live in Algeria. I only recently saw the place where they were born, near the city of Marrakech.
"These are the multinationals, like General Motors and Nestle; these are the big industrial groups that weigh, on the monetary scale, much more than big countries like Egypt."
"When someone came to ask us for help, it was sacred. We did not even think twice. We helped them, even if we had only meagre means; we offered them arms, a little bit of money, and in occasion, men."
"With my government, we engaged in bringing our help to fights for national freedom. At that precise moment, several countries were still colonised or had barely overcome colonisation. This was the case in practically all of Africa. We supported them."
"Che came in 1963, shortly after I had come to power."
"I accommodated practically all of the liberation movements, including those of Latin America."
"When I was engaged in the struggle for my country, I was very young. My horizons were open."
"Everywhere that the struggle for national freedom has triumphed, once the authorities agreed, there were military coups d'etat that overthrew their leaders. That is the result time and time again."
My life has been a bit special, this is true. I participated in the liberation of my country. I was one of the organisers of its struggle for liberation. I likewise actively participated in all the struggles for liberation.
From their point of view, I had gone too far. I had to disappear. That is to say, if the Algerian army had not overthrown me, others would have done so.
Let us all agree to die a little, or even completely so that African unity may not be a vain word
"I spent 24 and a half years in prison"
Ahmed Ben Bella Quotes Pictures
Want to see more pictures of Ahmed Ben Bella quotes? Click on image of Ahmed Ben Bella quotes to view full size.
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text:
package ru.dmerkushov.sshhelper;

import com.jcraft.jsch.UIKeyboardInteractive;
import com.jcraft.jsch.UserInfo;

/**
 *
 * @author Dmitriy Merkushov
 */
public class SSHUserInfo implements UserInfo, UIKeyboardInteractive {

	String password;

	public SSHUserInfo (String password) {
		this.password = password;
	}

	@Override
	public String getPassphrase () {
		return null;
	}

	@Override
	public String getPassword () {
		return password;
	}

	@Override
	public boolean promptPassword (String message) {
		return true;
	}

	@Override
	public boolean promptPassphrase (String message) {
		return true;
	}

	@Override
	public boolean promptYesNo (String message) {
		return true;
	}

	@Override
	public void showMessage (String message) {
		SSHHelper.getLoggerWrapper ().info (message);
	}

	@Override
	public String[] promptKeyboardInteractive (String destination, String name, String instruction, String[] prompt, boolean[] echo) {
		SSHHelper.getLoggerWrapper ().entering (destination, name, instruction, prompt, echo);
		String[] reply;
		if ((prompt.length == 1) && (prompt[0].equals ("Password: "))) {
			SSHHelper.getLoggerWrapper ().finer ("Password being asked. Returning the given password as an answer...");
			reply = new String[1];
			reply[0] = password;
			echo[0] = false;
		} else if (prompt.length == 0) {
			SSHHelper.getLoggerWrapper ().finer ("Nothing being asked. Sending an empty reply...");
			reply = new String[0];
		} else {
			StringBuilder promptStrBuilder = new StringBuilder ();
			for (int promptLineIndex = 0; promptLineIndex < prompt.length; promptLineIndex++) {
				promptStrBuilder.append (prompt[promptLineIndex]);
				if (promptLineIndex < prompt.length - 1) {
					promptStrBuilder.append ("\\n");
				}
			}

			throw new UnsupportedOperationException ("Strange prompt. Not supported. Prompt is: \"" + promptStrBuilder.toString () + "\"");
		}

		SSHHelper.getLoggerWrapper ().exiting (reply);
		return reply;
	}

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Buy a Gift Try Qello for Free Sign In
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Qello Spotlight
Genres Alternative Blues Christian And Gospel Classic Rock Classical Country Disco Documentary Electronic Festivals And Events Folk Foreign
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Genre (GENRE) 401 Alternative 402 Blues 403 Christian And Gospel 404 Classic Rock 405 Classical 406 Country 407 Disco 408 Documentary 409 Electronic 410 Festivals And Events 411 Folk 412 Foreign
413 Funk 414 Hip Hop 415 Indie 416 Instrumental 417 Jam Bands 418 Jazz 419 Latin 420 Metal 421 New Wave 422 Oldies 423 Opera 424 Pop
425 Progressive Rock 426 Punk 427 R&B 428 Reggae 429 Rock 430 Singer Songwriter 431 Soul 432 Vocal 433 World
Featured Setlists My Setlists
My Q
3 Shows, 34 Tracks
Emerging from the Chicago suburbs in the mid/late 1970s, Cheap Trick's fuzzy Power Pop stood out amidst a rock/pop field of aging dinosaurs (the Who, Zeppelin), nihilistic punks (the Pistols) and cheesy Disco (the Bee Gees). Combined with singer Robin Zander's sex appeal and careening vocals, guitarist Rick Nielsen's penchant for loud guitar hooks have written the quartet some gigantic checks over the years, particularly after the multi-platinum live record At Budokan made them superstars around the end of the '70s. Legendary hits such as "Southern Girls" and "I Want You To Want Me" bounced, rocked and rolled with electrifying fervor, helping to jump-start an American Power Pop scene that had stalled in the mid-'70s with the demise of Big Star and the Raspberries. Cheap Trick took those bands' supreme sense of melody and cranked the amps up louder than they ever did: "Surrender" remains the loudest catchy song -- and the catchiest loud song -- this side of the Replacements. The band has continued in the decades since, enduring a fallow, big-haired period in the '80s and widespread reverence in the '90s from younger bands wishing to carry on the Power Pop flame.
Biography Cheap Trick Concert Films Cheap Trick Top Tracks Related Artists Top Tracks on Qello
Cheap Trick Concert Films
Well known for their four decades of almost non-stop touring and new music, the group combines their famous power pop and melodic sounds as they rock out in this special concert. Seventeen studio albums under their belt make for so many great songs including favorites like 'Surrender,' 'Dream Police' and 'I Want You to Want Me.'
Cheap Trick / 55 min
Show Information Add to My Q
Live in Budokan
Runtime: 1 hr 26 min
Studio releases never fully conveyed Cheap Trick's muscle, but the band harnessed the raw energy of their live show with 1978's At Budokan (Live). Recorded in Tokyo before 12,000 feverish fans, "Hello There" and "Lookout" are the dictionary definition of how live rock 'n' roll should sound. A cover of "Ain't That a Shame" highlights the band's connection to a timeless tradition of teen-rock abandon, but "Surrender" and "I Want You to Want Me" are the gold coins that secured them their own space in the rock canon.
Cheap Trick / 1 hr 26 min
One More For the Fans: Celebrating The Songs & Music of Lynyrd Skynyrd
Lynyrd Skynyrd, One More For The Fans, was filmed on November 12, 2014, as an extraordinary collection of artists came together at the historic Fox Theatre in Atlanta, GA to perform and celebrate the songs of Lynyrd Skynyrd, one of the most influential bands of our time. This unique concert event centered around performances by Lynyrd Skynyrd and features music legends and young talent culled from multiple genres including Classic Rock, Country, and Americana.
Artists include Trace Adkins, Alabama, Gregg Allman, Blackberry Smoke, Cheap Trick, Charlie Daniels, Peter Frampton, Gov't Mule, Warren Haynes, John Hiatt, Randy Houser, Jason Isbell, Jamey Johnson, Aaron Lewis, moe., O.A.R., Robert Randolph and Donnie Van Zant. Highlights include a unique rendition of "Travelin' Man" with Johnny Van Zant singing along with an archival video of his late brother, Ronnie, performing, as well as a rousing rendition of "Sweet Home Alabama" with Skynyrd inviting the entire star-studded line-up up on stage. Produced by Blackbird Presents blackbirdpresents.com
Various Artists / 1 hr 44 min
Cheap Trick Top Tracks
I Want You To Want Me
Live in Budokan / Cheap Trick / 03:43
Add to My Q Tracks
Ain't That A Shame
If You Want My Love
Elo Kiddies
Front Row Center / Cheap Trick / 03:22
Live at Soundstage
One of the most loved bands in rock history, as well as one of the most commercially successful-with 50 hit songs in the U.S. alone, 18 gold records, a Grammy, and a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame Chicago have maintained the unflagging devotion of millions of devoted fans throughout their 37-year career. It began with the goal of incorporating the diverse musical range of their hometown Chicago, and incorporating the big-band aesthetic that included horns which had been virtually left behind in the world of rock and roll, Chicago went on to create a sound that remains unparalleled in rock music. Incorporating rock as only one genre among the many that they drew from, the band courageously rejected the trappings of celebrity in order for the music to stand on its own. This program documents a live show that was broadcast on PBS in June of 2003 where they play many of their hits from throughout their long career, including "25 or Six to Four," "You're the Inspiration," "Saturday in the Park," and "Beginnings," among many others.
Chicago / 54 min
Classic Album: Hysteria
Def Leppard is a British hard rock band formed in 1977. The success of their albums Pyromania and Hysteria, promoted by the singles Photograph and Pour Some Sugar on Me, made the band one of rock's best-sellers in the 80s. In this episode of the CLASSIC ALBUMS series, the surviving members of Def Leppard discuss the making of "Hysteria" as they sort through and explain the original multi-track tapes. In addition, some impromptu acoustic performances and musical demonstrations further dissect this classic album.
Def Leppard / 50 min
Fantasia: Live In Tokyo
Asia, featuring members of Yes, ELP and King Crimson, was the first supergroup of the eighties. Their eponymous debut album, released in 1982, was a huge success racking up global sales in excess of 15 million copies. In 2006 the original four members reunited for the first time in over 20 years for a series of concerts in the US and the UK. The success of this tour led to a full blown world tour running throughout 2007 in celebration of their 25th anniversary. This program was recorded in Tokyo in March 2007 on the Japanese leg of the tour.
Asia / 1 hr 55 min
Rocks Donington
Aerosmith Rocks Donington is much more than just a great gig. It is a lasting document of the powerful and explosive bond that these five men - Steven Tyler, Joe Perry, Brad Whitford, Tom Hamilton, and Joey Kramer - have made with each other and with fans of rock 'n' roll everywhere. The film captures Aerosmith headlining the massive Download Festival at Donington Park with all their attitude and talent-drenched beauty as they deliver a blistering set of their greatest hits. It is a true once-in-a-lifetime rock 'n' roll experience to treasure and remember forever.
Aerosmith / 1 hr 45 min
7 Days Live
At the height of their popularity, Poison were one of the most successful bands in the world and have to date sold over 30 million albums worldwide. This superb live performance captured at London's Hammersmith Apollo in 1993 was filmed during their Native Tongue global tour and features hits from that album as well as classic tracks from the band's history including Unskinny Bop, Stand, Until You Suffer Some (Fire And Ice) and the power ballad anthem, Every Rose Has Its Thorn.
Poison / 1 hr 21 min
Rock Las Vegas
In November 2014 KISS brought their legendary live show to The Joint at the Hard Rock Hotel and Casino for a Las Vegas residency. KISS Rocks Vegas captures the event in all its pyrotechnical glory as the band power through hit after hit in front of the adoring KISS Army. Nobody delivers a live concert spectacle like KISS and this concert film finds them in peak form.
Kiss / 1 hr 28 min
Alive And Rockin'
Runtime: 1 hr 9 min
In 2007 Foreigner are celebrating their 30th anniversary and are playing more shows in more countries than ever before. The band have sold over 70 million records world wide. Only Led Zeppelin have sold more albums for the Atlantic Records label. This program was filmed at the Bang Your Head Festival at Balingen in Germany in June 2006 and captures the band rocking harder than ever before on a setlist of their biggest hits including Cold As Ice, Urgent, Juke Box Hero, Double Vision and more.
Foreigner / 1 hr 9 min
Night at Sky Church
Ann and Nancy Wilson first showed the world that women can rock when their band Heart stormed the charts in the 1970s with songs like "Crazy On You," "Barracuda," and "Magic Man." They continued their string of huge hits in the decades that followed with songs like "Alone," "Never," "These Dreams,"and many more. HEART NIGHT AT SKY CHURCH, filmed live on March 5, 2010, takes Heart fans on what truly feels like the musical ride of a lifetime. HEART NIGHT AT SKY CHURCH showcases the band's biggest hits, introduces some of their newest songs, and features a guest appearance by multiple Grammy® award-winner, Alison Krauss.
Heart / 1 hr 28 min
REO SPEEDWAGON LIVE IN THE HEARTLAND presents Kevin Cronin (lead vocals, guitar), Bruce Hall (bass), Neal Doughty (keyboards), Dave Amato (lead guitar) and Bryan Hitt (drums) performing a full-throttle, 16-song set that spans the band's celebrated 35-year career from the Number 1 charting "Keep On Loving You" and "Can't Fight This Feeling" to hits from their most recent album release Find Your Own Way Home.
Reo Speedwagon / 1 hr 33 min
One With Everything
Styx are one of the most successful AOR bands of all time with worldwide album sales in the millions. On May 25, 2006 they took the stage in Cleveland for a new venture accompanied by the 115 piece Contemporary Youth Orchestra and a 60 member chorus. With a set list that combined Styx classics, new songs and cover versions this was a truly unique event.
Styx / 1 hr 53 min
Live in Detroit
Guitar hero Peter Frampton performs his greatest hits and favorite new numbers in this video, recorded during a stop at Detroit's Pine Knob Music Theater in the midst of his 1999 summer tour. Peter Frampton: Live in Detroit features Frampton and his band performing 16 songs, including "Show Me the Way," "Do You Feel Like I Do?," " Lying," "Oh for Another Day," and "Off the Hook."
Peter Frampton / 1 hr 40 min
Live at Wembley
Filmed in high definition at London's Wembley Arena in April 2010, this film captures the reunited Bad Company doing what they do best, playing great songs to packed arenas with fantastic energy. The three surviving original members Paul Rodgers, Mick Ralphs and Simon Kirke (bassist Boz Burrell died in 2006), supplemented by Howard Leese on guitars and Lynn Sorensen on bass, deliver a set list featuring all the band's classic hits, live fan favorites and some rarely heard gems to create the ultimate Bad Company live film.
Bad Company / 1 hr 30 min
Journey 2001 rocks with classic performances of their greatest hits, as well as songs from the "Arrival" album. Filmed in Las Vegas in December of 2000, the band roars back onto the stage in fantastic form.
Journey / 1 hr 46 min
Top Tracks on Qello
U2 - Gimme Shelter (featuring Mick Jagger, Fergie & will.i.am)
Rock & Roll Hall of Fame 25th Anniversary Concerts / Various Artists / 04:59
Maria, Maria
Greatest Hits: Live at Montreux 2011 / Carlos Santana / 05:42
Rock Montreal / Queen / 03:41
History Of The Eagles / Eagles / 06:39
Tedeschi Trucks Band - Midnight in Harlem
Eric Clapton: Crossroads Guitar Festival / Various Artists / 06:40
Live in Japan 1990 / Earth Wind And Fire / 03:44
Joe Bonamassa & Pino Daniele with Robert Randolph - Going Down
Neil Young - Hey Hey, My My (Into the Black)
Farm Aid 2003: Part 2 / Various Artists / 05:57
Sharp Dressed Man
Live From Texas / ZZ Top / 04:57
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Nanotechnology is the ability to observe, measure, manipulate, and manufacture things at the nanometer scale. A nanometer (nm) is an SI (Systeme International d'Unites) unit of length 10-9 or a distance of one-billionth of a meter. That's very small. At this scale, you are talking about the size of atoms and molecules.
Finger nanometers across. To get a sense of some other nano-scaled objects, a strand of human hair is approximately 75,000 to 100,000 nanometers in diameter. A head of a pin is about a million nanometers wide and it would take about 10 hydrogen atoms end-to-end to span the length of one nanometer.
• Research and technology development at the atomic, molecular, or macro-molecular levels, in the length scale of approximately 1 to 100-nanometer range.
• Creating and using structures, devices, and systems that have novel properties and functions because of their small and/or intermediate size.
• Ability to control or manipulate on the atomic scale.
See Chapter 8 for more information about the National Nanotechnology Initiative.
Please note that nanotechnology is not merely the study of small things. Nanotechnology is the research and development of materials, devices, and systems that exhibit physical, chemical, and biological properties. These properties can be different from those found at larger scales—those that are more than 100 nanometers.
How many nm is an atom?


text:
getty-image-chooser
===================

jQuery-based Rails 3 gem for browsing and selecting images using the Getty image API


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I'll tell you that place exists, and while it might take a weekend just to arrive, I'll also tell you it's worth the vacation days. AYANA Resort & Spa is Bali's pleasantville, a resort so accommodating and mesmerizing, the only need to escape would be if you wanted to get in a surf session, or perhaps see the famous Uluwatu Temple. Set on 222 acres of tropical gardens overlooking the Indian Ocean, AYANA and its sister resort right next door, RIMBA Jimbaran, are the perfect places for weddings, engagements, family vacations, honeymoons, mother-daughter trips, beach getaways, and the list goes on and on. If you can dream it, AYANA can do it. That simple.
Where to begin? I'm going to be frank. Exploring this place took days – generously sized is an understatement, so you can imagine the overwhelming sensation I experienced while trying to make sense of it in one blog post. Here we go. AYANA and RIMBA together have 11 pools, 650 rooms, 15 restaurants and bars, eight wedding venues, a world-class spa, two gyms, golf putting and private beach. Like I said, there aren't many reasons to escape. It's also only a 15 minute drive from the airport. Score! After driving an hour and a half to the city of Ubud upon landing in Bali, visiting AYANA on the coast was a plus because I was able to experience the difference between inland Ubud culture as well as the fishing village of Jimbaran Bay on the coast.
I've been fortunate to stay in some posh places in my lifetime, but few rival the Villas at AYANA. Complete with a butler and his golf cart shuttle service, it also incorporates ample space with private pool and a bathroom almost bigger than the bedroom itself. Ahhh, dreams really do come true!
Hands down, one of my favorite features I've ever had the pleasure of witnessing at a hotel is Champagne Floating Brunch. It is exactly how it sounds – a feast that floats! AYANA really takes eating to a whole new level, bringing new meaning to the term bottomless. Breakfast in bed is officially old school.
If discovering all 11 pools doesn't make you water logged, descend the 197 stairs to private Kubu Beach. The white sand and photo opps will have you down there for hours until you can muster up the energy for the journey back up! Try your hand at a Balinese cooking class, create your own perfume at the on-site creation studio, or golf the 18 hole putting course. If you're feeling the love, go scope out all eight wedding venues. It'll make you want to elope and throw up, all at the same time. Sunrise yoga won't disappoint either because what beats shavasana (or wild thing pose) and this beach? Short answer: nothing.
Thirsty for more? No problem. AYANA will fill float your boat with the world's largest Aquatonic Seawater Therapy Pool. I was given complimentary access and told I'd lose a couple pounds by completing the adult-like water park. Are you joking? A free thrill while losing weight? Sign me up! With over 60 jets and geysers, the pool will engulf you for two hours of your life relieving tension, jet-lag and boosting circulation and metabolism.
Bar on the rocks? Sounds like a drink, and while it could be, I'm talking about Bali's iconic sunset venue that incorporates 360 degrees of sheer glamour on the rocks. Sitting 45 feet above the Indian Ocean at the base of AYANA's towering cliffs, this place makes anyone feel like a rockstar, no matter what you're drinking. Tip: If you're there for sunset views, you're not alone. You'll need to get in line early as most people head down via trolly, allowing only 8 people at a time. If the line is long, ask a staff member for directions to the stairs. Don't miss the sunset while waiting in line!
Let's just say you can find any cuisine in the world from any corner of the world here at AYANA. Eating is a culinary journey at the resort, so partake in Italian, Japanese, Indonesian, Indian, Chinese, Western and more. Close your eyes, throw a pin at a map, and AYANA will transport you to the best of their abilities.
I typically mention service if it so deserves to be mentioned, but I believe AYANA needs its own service section. I've never stayed with a hotel where its staff knows about my every move, want and desire. That's not meant to sound creepy or intrusive. Instead, it was attentive and genuine, allowing me to get to know Balinese people how every traveler should – on a deeper level. Other cultures could learn a thing or two from their generosity and ability to make authentic, sincere and fluid conversation.
Hotel hopping has never been easier. If you're the type of traveler who likes to experience it all, hop on the complimentary shuttle bus for a five minute joy ride to RIMBA, AYANA's modern sister, born in September 2013.
Upon the seamless/integrated hotel & room change, you're in for a treat if you've booked the Premium View Suite. Think marble bath, soaking tub, large day beds, and oceanic views. Suite dreams? You can say that again.
The hotel's most unique (and photographed) feature is its lobby pond with sunken lounges perfectly positioned to capture the colors of the sun. If it's not here, head on up to UNIQUE's rooftop bar where pool club meets treetop dinner and million-dollar views. Why not double the pleasure, double the fun in Bali? I did! You should, too.
See more photos from my time at AYANA below!
Wow, this sounds like an amazing trip and experience. I can't believe how large the actual premises is! Floating champagne breakfast — I never knew dreams like that could come true. Any place with outstanding service and scenery like that… I'm going!
A must-see and stay! Thanks for sharing.
Love all your photos. What was your favorite thing about this place? It looks massive and amazing!
Do you get paid to travel and stay in these places ? If so, how and where do I sign up?
Wow! Incredible photos and amazing views! Sounds like you had an amazing experience. I would love to try the Balinese cooking class!
Villa resort is very beautiful. many a traveler who knew him. The villa offers exotic and luxury. certainly very interesting. and facilities Spa is an attractive accommodation, especially for women. interesting posts. I like the pictures you show. great post. thanks.


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John Peter Cowden (12 March 1917 – 4 November 2006), also known as Jack Cowden, was a broadcast executive. His career began in 1926 as a child actor for NBC. He was an actor in a number of radio programs, including "Little Orphan Annie", where he played Joe Corntassle with the San Francisco cast.

In 1938, he switched to the business side of broadcasting when he joined CBS in New York. Over the next 40 years, he served in various positions in the company's radio and television networks. In 1959, he was appointed Vice President Information Services of the CBS Television Network with Advertising, Research and Publicity departments reporting to him. In 1972 his title and responsibilities were expanded to Vice President and Assistant to the President in which he served until his retirement in 1978.

Cowden served in the US Army in New Caledonia, the Philippines and Japan, where he was feature editor of the Pacific Stars and Stripes in 1944–45.  He was a graduate of the University of California, Berkeley, class of 1938.

References

External links
"Tales Found on Prison Camp Walls" reference to Stars and Stripes article

1917 births
2006 deaths
American television executives
University of California, Berkeley alumni

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Intangibles are an increasingly important component of U.S. economic activity. The Bureau of Economic Analysis reports that the creation of "intellectual property products" rose from 13% of US non-residential fixed investment in 1980 to 27% in 2000 and to 33% by 2017. Our goal is to develop a theoretical framework, and the associated measurement framework, to track intangibles in the global economy, using theory and data to quantify how intangibles have contributed to productivity growth in the United States and abroad.
We focus on the original ideas for technological improvements that result from investments in R&D, broadly defined. Since these intangible entities are durable, they accumulate into a stock of intangible assets. The use of these intangible assets generate rents for their creators as the ideas behind them are put to use. In an international context the use of a techniques abroad constitutes a services export and the use of a foreign technique should count as a services imports, with corresponding rental payments in each direction. By insisting that intangibles be capitalized, we build on the work of Corrado, Hulten, and Sichel (2009). We depart from them, however, in treating the resulting stock of intangibles as a distinct, non-rival factor of production. We argue that this factor should not enter a constant-returns-to-scale production function, but should contribute directly to total factor productivity (TFP) instead. Thus, following the New Growth literature, we explicitly model an economy with imperfect competition so that investments in intangibles can potentially generate a stream of future rents.
The basic framework for this project is in place, but we have only just begun to measure its quantitative implications.
Basic skills in STATA and Matlab. Strong math background to understand technical derivations.
Samuel Kortum
87 Trumbull Street, Office B422
Alvin Chung, Michelle Tong


(May 2, 2007) -- Veteran state lawmaker, Assemblywoman/former State Senator Betty Karnette (D., LB) has told LBReport.com that she is NOT running for the 37th district Congressional seat now vacant on the death of Rep. Juanita Millender-McDonald (D., Carson-LB).
Although I will miss Congresswoman Millender-McDonald and offer my unconditional support to her family and loved ones at this difficult time, the time has come for the people of California's 37th congressional district to begin the difficult process of finding her successor.
While there has been some indication that I may seek this seat, I have decided to continue devoting my time and attention to state issues, particularly education and transportation.
Voters in the 37th congressional district will have a very important choice to make about their national representation. From my perspective, we want our congressional representative to be a strong leader.
Long Beach needs a representative who understands local issues, fights for clean and safe ports, and has the skills, connections and experience that it takes to deliver on local needs.
As previously reported by LBReport.com, Assemblywoman (and former LB Councilwoman) Laura Richardson (D., Carson-LB) announced yesterday she will seek to fill the vacant Congressional seat.
And this afternoon, State Senator (and former Assemblywoman and LB Councilwoman) Jenny Oropeza (D., Southbay) announced she will also run to represent the area which stretches from Willowbrook to ELB and includes roughly 80% of LB, all of Signal Hill and much of Lakewood.


The following article provides information about authentication planning in SharePoint Server.
Describes the versions of the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) and Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocols that SharePoint Server 2016 supports.
Describes how to enable Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol versions 1.1 and 1.2 in a SharePoint Server 2016 environment. SharePoint Server 2016 fully supports TLS 1.1 and TLS 1.2.
Describes how to enable Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol versions 1.1 and 1.2 in a SharePoint 2013 environment. SharePoint 2013 fully supports TLS 1.1 and TLS 1.2.
Learn about security hardening requirements for SharePoint Server 2013 and SharePoint Server 2016.
Learn about SharePoint Server 2016 and SharePoint Server 2013 support for Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS).


If you have questions about our commercial or residential property management services or would like to know more about a specific property we have for lease, please contact us. Use our convenient online form or call our office.
Thanks for considering Complete RE Services, Inc.


A fantastic novelty cake for any Star Wars and Chewbacca fans. This cake is created using an 8×10 chocolate sponge and chocolate buttercream.
If required, this cake can be created in other sponge flavours.


Very high traffic visibility on a 4-lane thorough fare. Excellent exposure for tenants and businesses. Easy parking at building site (21 spaces). Perfect location in the heart of Orlando Business District and walking distance to Thornton Park Retail and Restaurants. Near the Courthouse and Lake Eola. Ideal location for law office, CPA, etc. Currently managed as a multi-tenant business suite concept with shared kitchen and conference rooms. Ideal for start-up companies, passive investor, 1031 Investor and companies who want to grow their business over time and therefore need expansion space. Located near major highways (I-4), SR 408, Turnpike. Future Redevelopment Opportunity as a mid-rise office, residential building or mixed-use building. Corner lot provides additional redevelopment advantage.


HSN Community / Forums / Customer Service / Adrienne Landau– When Is Her Next Show?
Adrienne Landau– When Is Her Next Show?
Tuesday, October 6-2015… Hi, Mods. I'd like to know when Adrienne Landau's next show on television will be, (I have her in 'My Preferences' but would like a heads-up for budgeting purposes). Thanks!
Hello? Hello? Anyone Home? I asked my question 14-hours ago. Is anyone going to answer me?
Wednesday, November 4th-2015… Hey, what's going on here? Since I asked a month ago, Oct 6th, when Adrienne would be on next, (and was told Nov 7th & 8th per Kim– see below), I've been so excitedly anticipating her show; and now, I can't find her show in the 'Programming Schedule'!
opps . wrong forum .
Hi FaireMaiden, ? will be returning on 11/7 at 10 am and 6 pm, 11/8 at 8 am, 11/27 at 7 pm and 11/28 at 10 am, EST.
Diane Gilman is a entrepreneur who saw a part of the clothing market that was underserved – and still is and catered to them. I am a 61 y/o baby boomer and I love her jeans. Every kind and every style – no. Some is too over the top for me but I really like a good portion of her jeans. I will never stop wearing jeans no matter how old I am. Her jeans fit when your weight fluctuates. I also have a nice denim jacket of hers I bought on clearance. It's hard to shop when you're 61 years old. The clothes you fit it make you feel like you're dead.
This IS NOT a rude thread. This is simply an extension of those threads that address the bad habits of certain hosts/vendors who talk over each other and the callers. We've all complained about those impolite tendencies.
Diane Gilman is a bully in her own way. She interrupts some of the hosts and talks over them, she yells at the camera crew, she cuts off callers in mid sentence to talk about herself, she takes advantage of some of the more reserved hosts and bulldozes her way through their sales pitches, etc. Being 'passionate' doesn't give one entitlement to being rude. Unless someone has a cognitive disability, I'm certain one knows when one has interrupted someone else. Some of these hosts, Diane included, need to learn to contain their exuberance for their merchandise and direct their energies in a civil, gracious way.
I don't disagree with those who see Diane Gilman as obnoxious and rambling.
Rude? This thread is the epitome of rude.
I agree; I think her hair ages her terribly. It's way too long and it looks silly. On the other hand, Heidi Daus looks beautiful with her long hair. Some females can carry it, and some females can't.
I Love her hair. Her mouth doesn't really irritate or bother me because I seldom watch when she is on.
Oh yes , her clothing line …. Overpriced!
I have to agree, she talks entirely too much and she talks over the hostess. It is very aggravating.
Her clothing line is ok but overpriced too. I cannot wear the jeans….waist is much lower than expected.
i don't watch what i don't like. i watch what i like. i let others watch what they like.
some like to watch, some do not.
I was thinking the exact same thing! She needs to shut her clap-trap! She was really obnoxious with the callers, talking over them and rushing them off of the phone so she can get back to selling her stuff. And she looks a wreck. What kind of hair is that?! Her own clothes look terrible on her, ill-fitting.


Khartoum: As many as 250 people have died in separate tribal clashes in remote parts of Sudan's south Darfur region over the last week, peacekeepers said on Monday.
The reports highlighted the growing turmoil in the region where arms flooding in to fuel a five-year conflict between government and rebels have also intensified long-running tribal rivalries.
Many of Darfur's tribal conflicts have their roots in control over grazing land and other traditional rights.
But United Nations sources say tribal relations have been hugely complicated by the Darfur conflict which started in 2003 when mostly non-Arab rebels took up arms against the government, accusing Khartoum of neglecting the western region.
Activists have accused Khartoum of trying to arm groups from some of the tribes involved in the recent fighting, to buy their allegiance, to use them in a counter-insurgency against rebels and to create splits with other groups in a "divide and rule" strategy.
Joint UN-African Union Unamid peacekeepers said at least 100 people have died in continuing fighting between two groups from the Gimir tribe, around the village of Saysaban, west of Edd Al Fursan in south Darfur.
The clashes, which started around a week ago, were "reportedly related to a dispute over native administration positions", said an Unamid spokesman in a statement.
The peacekeeping force added between 70 to 150 deaths had been reported in an attack on the Arab Habbaniya tribe on Thursday.
It said it had received reports up to 500 members of the Arab Fellata and Salamat tribes attacked the Habbaniya village of Wad Hajam, near the south Darfur town of Buram, close to borders with southern Sudan and the central African republic.
Around 5,000 were forced to flee as their homes were burned to the groups, and six police officers were among the dead, said Unamid.
"The attack was reportedly conducted in retaliation for an earlier attack by Habbaniya tribe on Tomat village on 4 December, which resulted in the death of approximately 20 people," the Unamid spokesman added.
The Gimir tribe is not thought to have Arab roots, but has many members who see themselves politically aligned with other Arab groups.
Human Rights Watch and other groups have reported Gimir forces have fought alongside Sudanese government troops.
But, in a sign of the growing complexity of the conflict, Sudan expert Alex de Waal in February reported some Gimir militias had also joined forces with Darfur's anti-government rebel Justice and Equality Movement.
International experts say five years of fighting in Darfur has killed 200,000 and driven more than 2.5 million from their homes.
Sudan's government denies accusations that its forces and allied militias carried out widespread atrocities in Darfur, including mass killings and rapes. It says 10,000 have died in the fighting and accused western media of exaggerating the conflict.
In September 2006, the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights reported Habbaniya militias killed a large number of civilians in attacks on villages around Buram. The attack appeared "to have been conducted with the knowledge and material support of government authorities", the report concluded.
But observers say Hammaniya leaders have also resisted government efforts to pull them into its counter-insurgency in the past.


This paper describes the introduction of videos as aids in clinical skills teaching. Although the process explored focuses on a nursing clinical skills environment it is relevant to many other disciplines.With the introduction of the pre-registration degree in nursing in Ireland in 2002, the formerly hospital-based schools of nursing amalgamated into larger programmes with their affiliated higher education institutes (HEIs). The result was a considerable increase in class sizes. The current average annual cohort in the School of Nursing, Dublin City University (DCU) is 240 students. This has resulted in a need to review the way we teach clinical skills on campus. These skills form a large part of the programme and are taught to students in the school-based simulated nursing environment to prepare them for their practical experience in the clinical environment. Until 2006 the skills had been taught to groups of 25-30 students using a demonstration and practice technique. This teaching method has posed a number of problems:•Learning experiences vary depending on the mix of demonstration and practice in each session.•It can be difficult for students to absorb all of the information presented in a single demonstration.•It is highly resource intensive.It was decided that video technology incorporating a large scale deployment of skills videos over a video web server, in conjunction with a shift in emphasis in the teaching contact sessions could offer a useful tool to aid the teaching process. This paper will discuss the production process, the implementation of the project in the teaching environment and the evaluation findings.


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Q: npm ERR! code EPERM npm ERR! syscall mkdir I ran this in vscode
npm install eslint-plugin-react-hooks --save-dev

After running
npm ERR! code EPERM
npm ERR! syscall mkdir
npm ERR! path D:\Users\AOM\node_modules\.corepack-zcmWVMs

Please help me
enter image description here

A: I am not sure, since there is not much description here, but the problem can be solved by creating a directory in drive other than "C" so try that or just don't try to run above command in existing folders provided by Windows like Desktop/Download/Documents/Pictures/Users etc
If this does not work please explain what you are trying to do here