I have the honour to refer to recent conversations with Dr. Skelton on the subject of Mr. Hall Kelly's appointment and some other matters.
We discussed the reasons for your suggested change in the status of official representatives in Dublin and Ottawa. I referred to your general policy of assimilating the status of such representatives to that of diplomatic agents in the international sense. Dr. Skelton understood that, of course, but he was anxious to know why you made the approach at this particular time. I said that you had emphasised to me again and again recently the necessity of making our status as a sovereign, independent State clear in connection with our policy of neutrality and in matters of this kind, the matters which were themselves the very criteria of sovereignty. He asked whether the I.R.A. situation had anything to do with it. I said I had no doubt that our domestic peace might ultimately depend upon our being able to show our own people as a whole the character and extent of our achievements in the constitutional field. I said it would have been a magnificent thing for us, both from the national and the international standpoint, if the Canadian representative in Dublin and the Irish representative in Canada could have been accorded a status equal to Sir John Maffey's, a status which – whatever the title of the agent might be – would not be distinguishable, in any material respect, from that of a Minister Plenipotentiary. I cannot tell you how deeply sympathetic Dr. Skelton was, but you need no assurance on that score. Canadian public opinion, however, is not moving rapidly in these matters. 'Canada', Dr. Skelton said, 'is not ready'. I might add in this connection that Mr. King is known (by some of us) to be turning over in his mind the prospects of an immediate general election. Mr. Hepburn's1 recent attack upon him for not prosecuting the war vigorously enough, i.e., for not being 'Empire' enough, is regarded as having given Mr. King the opportunity he has been seeking for an appeal to the country at an earlier date this year than was anticipated. Mr. King will take no such risk to his prospects in the Province of Ontario (and, indeed, elsewhere) as might be involved in his adoption now of a forward constitutional policy in the matter of 'inter se' relationships.2 I reserve for the moment my view on the likelihood or otherwise of Mr. King moving to abolish the appeal to the Privy Council. The Privy Council itself has still to pronounce on the recent decision of the Supreme Court of Canada. That Court has merely decided that the Canadian Parliament has the legal power to abolish the appeal. With Mr. Justice Davies' dissentient judgment, saving Provincial rights, on the record, the question of the policy of abolition may give pause to a Prime Minister soon to seek the suffrages of all – including the opponents of abolition – on his war programme.
You will have observed that the Canadian representative in South Africa is going as a High Commissioner. Mr. David Meyer3 has informed me that when he was appointed Accredited Representative of the Union here the Canadian Government stipulated that their agent in South Africa would be a High Commissioner.
Statements like the latter are, of course, based on the Constitution of 1922. I have written to Mr. McIntosh (the Editor-in-Chief) to the effect that I will go into this matter with him when I come to Toronto. He seems friendly enough personally but the tone of his paper is not friendly.
Dr. Skelton told me that they themselves found it extremely difficult to get the correct angle on Canadian affairs over in the United States press. It was impossible, he said, to keep track of press errors and to stop tendentious articles. The only way to deal with the problem, he added, is to issue positive material themselves. They try, in other words, to prevent mistakes from being made, or, at any rate, to reduce the margin of error, by issuing official statements.
Dr. Skelton asked me how our shortwave news service was getting on. I told him the position as already reported to you. He said that the idea was excellent and he encouraged our perseverance. We should, I submit, pick out a more suitable waveband for broadcasts to Canada and step up the power of the station. Dr. Skelton told me that Canada is now seriously thinking of having a shortwave news service. He thinks its value would be enormous.
I think it might be a good thing if we made one or two official statements here on our position and policy with regard to the war. Maurice Walshe's article in the 'Saturday Evening Post' of the 13th January has been widely read. Several people mentioned it to me, friends came to the office with copies of it days after we had seen it. The Toronto 'Globe and Mail' came out with a slashing attack upon its anti-British tone in a long editorial entitled 'Anti-British Neutrality'. It labelled the article as anti-British propaganda, and called upon the authorities here to stop the importation of undesirable literature of that kind. I think that if our neutrality policy is given an anti-British interpretation here that will do us harm. I am sending you a pamphlet on Canada and United States Neutrality written by the Editor of 'Saturday Night' where our neutrality is referred to without bias as within our legal rights and an accomplished fact. But not everyone is as enlightened as Mr. Sandwell.4 Perhaps you would consider sending me a brief statement which I could make sometime about St. Patrick's Day. If you permit Mr. Conway to go to Halifax for the celebrations there on that day perhaps he could make a similar statement at the same time. The statement might deal shortly with e.g. our constitutional position with regard to peace and war and the reasons for our present policy. I emphasise, but must not exaggerate, the importance of this. On the whole we have not a great deal to complain of so far as criticism is concerned, and nothing at all to complain of in the best quarters. I am thinking, however, of the newspapers. I feel it would be a good thing for us to give them one clear, positive and persuasive statement of our whole position. I would not submit to you that we should go on repeating it but just that we put ourselves on record once in some official way. I do not know whether you would wish also to add something about the internal situation at home, something that would beat down on phrases like 'Irish turmoil'. Our friend John Steele5 in a shortwave broadcast on 'The European Scene' from London a fortnight or so ago gave two minutes out of ten to President Hyde's reference of a constitutional issue to the Supreme Court. He had some nice things to say about Article 26 of the Constitution being an ingenious Irish contribution to the solution of problems peculiar to countries governed under written Constitutions.6 I mention this as an example (not a good example, perhaps, but it is to hand) of how news of the country can be made to illustrate life and conditions in Ireland at the present time. No doubt that is what your shortwave news broadcasts are doing: but we do not get them here. Senator McGuire (Toronto) and Mr. Leddy (Saskatoon) came together to see me yesterday, the latter to invite me to Saskatchewan University. They both said that the question people are mostly asking them (who are regarded as, and in fact are representative Irish Canadians) is 'What's wrong with Ireland, why isn't she in the war?' I explained the position to them and they went away entirely satisfied. (I followed the lines of your previous instructions.) They are splendid types of men, well to do, and in high standing. Senator McGuire organized Toronto Irishmen behind the Mansion House Conference in 1919.
I hope you will not think that I am laying too much emphasis on my submission that we should issue an official statement, or that I should say something in public along the lines suggested. In my broadcast I avoided political issues altogether as you directed and that was wise on that occasion. I feel, however, more and more the need for a clear-cut positive line. It would confirm our friends in their faith in the present national leadership and it might help to bring journals now not favourable a little nearer to us. I hope (when I move out of Ottawa) to get in touch personally with the editors and others who control the policy of those journals. The press here in Ottawa want me to keep them right. Mr. Grattan O'Leary, e.g. asked me on the 13th January at our house to draw his attention to anything we do not like in the 'Journal'. He apologised for the map to which we took exception and agreed it was a bad mistake made through inadvertence. Many have told me that the press has improved in tone generally towards Ireland since our arrival and that editors are gradually realizing that there is an Irish mission in Ottawa taking note of what is said and quietly drawing attention to any mistakes about the facts of current Irish history. I thought it right to ask the Minister for Finance, through Dr. Skelton, to delete from the print of his broadcast speech last week, on the 200,000,000 dollars Canadian War Loan, a reference to the Irishman who asked whether a certain fight was a private fight or could anyone join in. Mr. Ralston7 gladly deleted the reference and expressed his gratitude to me (Dr. Skelton had supported me). Mr. Ralston had meant no harm, of course (he is a good friend of ours), but on the other hand, I thought it right to have attention drawn (without fuss) to the reference in a speech of such importance by a member of the Cabinet.
Attitude of Mr. De Valera and Canadian Departmental Estimates'.
MR. DANIEL McIVOR (Fort William): I should like to direct a question to the Minister of National Defence (Mr. MacKenzie) with the view that the estimates of his department might be cut down. As Mr. De Valera has now decided to fight alongside of Great Britain, do we now need to spend as much on national defence?
Hon. IAN MACKENZIE (Minister of National Defence): I greatly appreciate that splendid Hibernian contribution to national defence.
These examples show how events and speeches can be misinterpreted. Our answer to these statements might, perhaps, be a short account of Mr. De Valera's Statements on his neutrality policy before and since the outbreak of war.
1 Mitchell F. Hepburn (1896-1953), Premier of Ontario (1934-42); an opponent of MacKenzie King who felt that Canada should be doing more to support the war effort.
2 Meaning 'between or amongst ourselves' in Latin and used in Commonwealth terms to denote the international unity of the Dominions and Britain as one unit. Britain held that relations between Dominions were intra-Commonwealth, and not international, relations. Ireland strongly opposed this view and in the 1920s succeeded in establishing many precedents against the British position.
3 Dr David de Waal Meyer, South African Trade Representative to Canada, later Accredited Representative of the Union of South Africa to Canada.
4 Bernard K. Sandwell (1876-1954), editor of Saturday Night, a liberal Canadian general-interest magazine.
5 BBC journalist based in London with whom Walshe was in correspondence and who later often took an anti-Irish line, apparently inspired by the Ministry of Information.
6 The Article dealing with the reference of Bills to the Supreme Court.
7 James Layton Ralston (1881-1948), Canadian Minister for Finance (1939-40), Minister for National Defence (1940-4).


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text:
#include <drm/drm_crtc.h>
#include <drm/drm_crtc_helper.h>

#include "omap_dmm_tiler.h"
#include "omap_drv.h"

/*
 * framebuffer funcs
 */

/* per-format info: */
struct format {
	enum omap_color_mode dss_format;
	uint32_t pixel_format;
	struct {
		int stride_bpp;           /* this times width is stride */
		int sub_y;                /* sub-sample in y dimension */
	} planes[4];
	bool yuv;
};

static const struct format formats[] = {
	/* 16bpp [A]RGB: */
	{ OMAP_DSS_COLOR_RGB16,       DRM_FORMAT_RGB565,   {{2, 1}}, false }, /* RGB16-565 */
	{ OMAP_DSS_COLOR_RGB12U,      DRM_FORMAT_RGBX4444, {{2, 1}}, false }, /* RGB12x-4444 */
	{ OMAP_DSS_COLOR_RGBX16,      DRM_FORMAT_XRGB4444, {{2, 1}}, false }, /* xRGB12-4444 */
	{ OMAP_DSS_COLOR_RGBA16,      DRM_FORMAT_RGBA4444, {{2, 1}}, false }, /* RGBA12-4444 */
	{ OMAP_DSS_COLOR_ARGB16,      DRM_FORMAT_ARGB4444, {{2, 1}}, false }, /* ARGB16-4444 */
	{ OMAP_DSS_COLOR_XRGB16_1555, DRM_FORMAT_XRGB1555, {{2, 1}}, false }, /* xRGB15-1555 */
	{ OMAP_DSS_COLOR_ARGB16_1555, DRM_FORMAT_ARGB1555, {{2, 1}}, false }, /* ARGB16-1555 */
	/* 24bpp RGB: */
	{ OMAP_DSS_COLOR_RGB24P,      DRM_FORMAT_RGB888,   {{3, 1}}, false }, /* RGB24-888 */
	/* 32bpp [A]RGB: */
	{ OMAP_DSS_COLOR_RGBX32,      DRM_FORMAT_RGBX8888, {{4, 1}}, false }, /* RGBx24-8888 */
	{ OMAP_DSS_COLOR_RGB24U,      DRM_FORMAT_XRGB8888, {{4, 1}}, false }, /* xRGB24-8888 */
	{ OMAP_DSS_COLOR_RGBA32,      DRM_FORMAT_RGBA8888, {{4, 1}}, false }, /* RGBA32-8888 */
	{ OMAP_DSS_COLOR_ARGB32,      DRM_FORMAT_ARGB8888, {{4, 1}}, false }, /* ARGB32-8888 */
	/* YUV: */
	{ OMAP_DSS_COLOR_NV12,        DRM_FORMAT_NV12,     {{1, 1}, {1, 2}}, true },
	{ OMAP_DSS_COLOR_YUV2,        DRM_FORMAT_YUYV,     {{2, 1}}, true },
	{ OMAP_DSS_COLOR_UYVY,        DRM_FORMAT_UYVY,     {{2, 1}}, true },
};

/* convert from overlay's pixel formats bitmask to an array of fourcc's */
uint32_t omap_framebuffer_get_formats(uint32_t *pixel_formats,
		uint32_t max_formats, enum omap_color_mode supported_modes)
{
	uint32_t nformats = 0;
	int i = 0;

	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(formats) && nformats < max_formats; i++)
		if (formats[i].dss_format & supported_modes)
			pixel_formats[nformats++] = formats[i].pixel_format;

	return nformats;
}

/* per-plane info for the fb: */
struct plane {
	struct drm_gem_object *bo;
	uint32_t pitch;
	uint32_t offset;
	dma_addr_t paddr;
};

#define to_omap_framebuffer(x) container_of(x, struct omap_framebuffer, base)

struct omap_framebuffer {
	struct drm_framebuffer base;
	int pin_count;
	const struct format *format;
	struct plane planes[4];
	/* lock for pinning (pin_count and planes.paddr) */
	struct mutex lock;
};

static int omap_framebuffer_create_handle(struct drm_framebuffer *fb,
		struct drm_file *file_priv,
		unsigned int *handle)
{
	struct omap_framebuffer *omap_fb = to_omap_framebuffer(fb);
	return drm_gem_handle_create(file_priv,
			omap_fb->planes[0].bo, handle);
}

static void omap_framebuffer_destroy(struct drm_framebuffer *fb)
{
	struct omap_framebuffer *omap_fb = to_omap_framebuffer(fb);
	int i, n = drm_format_num_planes(fb->pixel_format);

	DBG("destroy: FB ID: %d (%p)", fb->base.id, fb);

	drm_framebuffer_cleanup(fb);

	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		struct plane *plane = &omap_fb->planes[i];
		if (plane->bo)
			drm_gem_object_unreference_unlocked(plane->bo);
	}

	kfree(omap_fb);
}

static int omap_framebuffer_dirty(struct drm_framebuffer *fb,
		struct drm_file *file_priv, unsigned flags, unsigned color,
		struct drm_clip_rect *clips, unsigned num_clips)
{
	return 0;
}

static const struct drm_framebuffer_funcs omap_framebuffer_funcs = {
	.create_handle = omap_framebuffer_create_handle,
	.destroy = omap_framebuffer_destroy,
	.dirty = omap_framebuffer_dirty,
};

static uint32_t get_linear_addr(struct plane *plane,
		const struct format *format, int n, int x, int y)
{
	uint32_t offset;

	offset = plane->offset +
			(x * format->planes[n].stride_bpp) +
			(y * plane->pitch / format->planes[n].sub_y);

	return plane->paddr + offset;
}

/* update ovl info for scanout, handles cases of multi-planar fb's, etc.
 */
void omap_framebuffer_update_scanout(struct drm_framebuffer *fb,
		struct omap_drm_window *win, struct omap_overlay_info *info)
{
	struct omap_framebuffer *omap_fb = to_omap_framebuffer(fb);
	const struct format *format = omap_fb->format;
	struct plane *plane = &omap_fb->planes[0];
	uint32_t x, y, orient = 0;

	info->color_mode = format->dss_format;

	info->pos_x      = win->crtc_x;
	info->pos_y      = win->crtc_y;
	info->out_width  = win->crtc_w;
	info->out_height = win->crtc_h;
	info->width      = win->src_w;
	info->height     = win->src_h;

	x = win->src_x;
	y = win->src_y;

	if (omap_gem_flags(plane->bo) & OMAP_BO_TILED) {
		uint32_t w = win->src_w;
		uint32_t h = win->src_h;

		switch (win->rotation & 0xf) {
		default:
			dev_err(fb->dev->dev, "invalid rotation: %02x",
					(uint32_t)win->rotation);
			/* fallthru to default to no rotation */
		case 0:
		case BIT(DRM_ROTATE_0):
			orient = 0;
			break;
		case BIT(DRM_ROTATE_90):
			orient = MASK_XY_FLIP | MASK_X_INVERT;
			break;
		case BIT(DRM_ROTATE_180):
			orient = MASK_X_INVERT | MASK_Y_INVERT;
			break;
		case BIT(DRM_ROTATE_270):
			orient = MASK_XY_FLIP | MASK_Y_INVERT;
			break;
		}

		if (win->rotation & BIT(DRM_REFLECT_X))
			orient ^= MASK_X_INVERT;

		if (win->rotation & BIT(DRM_REFLECT_Y))
			orient ^= MASK_Y_INVERT;

		/* adjust x,y offset for flip/invert: */
		if (orient & MASK_XY_FLIP)
			swap(w, h);
		if (orient & MASK_Y_INVERT)
			y += h - 1;
		if (orient & MASK_X_INVERT)
			x += w - 1;

		omap_gem_rotated_paddr(plane->bo, orient, x, y, &info->paddr);
		info->rotation_type = OMAP_DSS_ROT_TILER;
		info->screen_width  = omap_gem_tiled_stride(plane->bo, orient);
	} else {
		switch (win->rotation & 0xf) {
		case 0:
		case BIT(DRM_ROTATE_0):
			/* OK */
			break;

		default:
			dev_warn(fb->dev->dev,
				"rotation '%d' ignored for non-tiled fb\n",
				win->rotation);
			win->rotation = 0;
			break;
		}

		info->paddr         = get_linear_addr(plane, format, 0, x, y);
		info->rotation_type = OMAP_DSS_ROT_DMA;
		info->screen_width  = plane->pitch;
	}

	/* convert to pixels: */
	info->screen_width /= format->planes[0].stride_bpp;

	if (format->dss_format == OMAP_DSS_COLOR_NV12) {
		plane = &omap_fb->planes[1];

		if (info->rotation_type == OMAP_DSS_ROT_TILER) {
			WARN_ON(!(omap_gem_flags(plane->bo) & OMAP_BO_TILED));
			omap_gem_rotated_paddr(plane->bo, orient,
					x/2, y/2, &info->p_uv_addr);
		} else {
			info->p_uv_addr = get_linear_addr(plane, format, 1, x, y);
		}
	} else {
		info->p_uv_addr = 0;
	}
}

/* pin, prepare for scanout: */
int omap_framebuffer_pin(struct drm_framebuffer *fb)
{
	struct omap_framebuffer *omap_fb = to_omap_framebuffer(fb);
	int ret, i, n = drm_format_num_planes(fb->pixel_format);

	mutex_lock(&omap_fb->lock);

	if (omap_fb->pin_count > 0) {
		omap_fb->pin_count++;
		mutex_unlock(&omap_fb->lock);
		return 0;
	}

	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		struct plane *plane = &omap_fb->planes[i];
		ret = omap_gem_get_paddr(plane->bo, &plane->paddr, true);
		if (ret)
			goto fail;
		omap_gem_dma_sync(plane->bo, DMA_TO_DEVICE);
	}

	omap_fb->pin_count++;

	mutex_unlock(&omap_fb->lock);

	return 0;

fail:
	for (i--; i >= 0; i--) {
		struct plane *plane = &omap_fb->planes[i];
		omap_gem_put_paddr(plane->bo);
		plane->paddr = 0;
	}

	mutex_unlock(&omap_fb->lock);

	return ret;
}

/* unpin, no longer being scanned out: */
void omap_framebuffer_unpin(struct drm_framebuffer *fb)
{
	struct omap_framebuffer *omap_fb = to_omap_framebuffer(fb);
	int i, n = drm_format_num_planes(fb->pixel_format);

	mutex_lock(&omap_fb->lock);

	omap_fb->pin_count--;

	if (omap_fb->pin_count > 0) {
		mutex_unlock(&omap_fb->lock);
		return;
	}

	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		struct plane *plane = &omap_fb->planes[i];
		omap_gem_put_paddr(plane->bo);
		plane->paddr = 0;
	}

	mutex_unlock(&omap_fb->lock);
}

struct drm_gem_object *omap_framebuffer_bo(struct drm_framebuffer *fb, int p)
{
	struct omap_framebuffer *omap_fb = to_omap_framebuffer(fb);
	if (p >= drm_format_num_planes(fb->pixel_format))
		return NULL;
	return omap_fb->planes[p].bo;
}

/* iterate thru all the connectors, returning ones that are attached
 * to the same fb..
 */
struct drm_connector *omap_framebuffer_get_next_connector(
		struct drm_framebuffer *fb, struct drm_connector *from)
{
	struct drm_device *dev = fb->dev;
	struct list_head *connector_list = &dev->mode_config.connector_list;
	struct drm_connector *connector = from;

	if (!from)
		return list_first_entry_or_null(connector_list, typeof(*from),
						head);

	list_for_each_entry_from(connector, connector_list, head) {
		if (connector != from) {
			struct drm_encoder *encoder = connector->encoder;
			struct drm_crtc *crtc = encoder ? encoder->crtc : NULL;
			if (crtc && crtc->primary->fb == fb)
				return connector;

		}
	}

	return NULL;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_FS
void omap_framebuffer_describe(struct drm_framebuffer *fb, struct seq_file *m)
{
	struct omap_framebuffer *omap_fb = to_omap_framebuffer(fb);
	int i, n = drm_format_num_planes(fb->pixel_format);

	seq_printf(m, "fb: %dx%d@%4.4s\n", fb->width, fb->height,
			(char *)&fb->pixel_format);

	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		struct plane *plane = &omap_fb->planes[i];
		seq_printf(m, "   %d: offset=%d pitch=%d, obj: ",
				i, plane->offset, plane->pitch);
		omap_gem_describe(plane->bo, m);
	}
}
#endif

struct drm_framebuffer *omap_framebuffer_create(struct drm_device *dev,
		struct drm_file *file, struct drm_mode_fb_cmd2 *mode_cmd)
{
	struct drm_gem_object *bos[4];
	struct drm_framebuffer *fb;
	int ret;

	ret = objects_lookup(dev, file, mode_cmd->pixel_format,
			bos, mode_cmd->handles);
	if (ret)
		return ERR_PTR(ret);

	fb = omap_framebuffer_init(dev, mode_cmd, bos);
	if (IS_ERR(fb)) {
		int i, n = drm_format_num_planes(mode_cmd->pixel_format);
		for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
			drm_gem_object_unreference_unlocked(bos[i]);
		return fb;
	}
	return fb;
}

struct drm_framebuffer *omap_framebuffer_init(struct drm_device *dev,
		struct drm_mode_fb_cmd2 *mode_cmd, struct drm_gem_object **bos)
{
	struct omap_framebuffer *omap_fb = NULL;
	struct drm_framebuffer *fb = NULL;
	const struct format *format = NULL;
	int ret, i, n = drm_format_num_planes(mode_cmd->pixel_format);

	DBG("create framebuffer: dev=%p, mode_cmd=%p (%dx%d@%4.4s)",
			dev, mode_cmd, mode_cmd->width, mode_cmd->height,
			(char *)&mode_cmd->pixel_format);

	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(formats); i++) {
		if (formats[i].pixel_format == mode_cmd->pixel_format) {
			format = &formats[i];
			break;
		}
	}

	if (!format) {
		dev_err(dev->dev, "unsupported pixel format: %4.4s\n",
				(char *)&mode_cmd->pixel_format);
		ret = -EINVAL;
		goto fail;
	}

	omap_fb = kzalloc(sizeof(*omap_fb), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!omap_fb) {
		ret = -ENOMEM;
		goto fail;
	}

	fb = &omap_fb->base;
	omap_fb->format = format;
	mutex_init(&omap_fb->lock);

	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		struct plane *plane = &omap_fb->planes[i];
		int size, pitch = mode_cmd->pitches[i];

		if (pitch < (mode_cmd->width * format->planes[i].stride_bpp)) {
			dev_err(dev->dev, "provided buffer pitch is too small! %d < %d\n",
					pitch, mode_cmd->width * format->planes[i].stride_bpp);
			ret = -EINVAL;
			goto fail;
		}

		if (pitch % format->planes[i].stride_bpp != 0) {
			dev_err(dev->dev,
				"buffer pitch (%d bytes) is not a multiple of pixel size (%d bytes)\n",
				pitch, format->planes[i].stride_bpp);
			ret = -EINVAL;
			goto fail;
		}

		size = pitch * mode_cmd->height / format->planes[i].sub_y;

		if (size > (omap_gem_mmap_size(bos[i]) - mode_cmd->offsets[i])) {
			dev_err(dev->dev, "provided buffer object is too small! %d < %d\n",
					bos[i]->size - mode_cmd->offsets[i], size);
			ret = -EINVAL;
			goto fail;
		}

		plane->bo     = bos[i];
		plane->offset = mode_cmd->offsets[i];
		plane->pitch  = pitch;
		plane->paddr  = 0;
	}

	drm_helper_mode_fill_fb_struct(fb, mode_cmd);

	ret = drm_framebuffer_init(dev, fb, &omap_framebuffer_funcs);
	if (ret) {
		dev_err(dev->dev, "framebuffer init failed: %d\n", ret);
		goto fail;
	}

	DBG("create: FB ID: %d (%p)", fb->base.id, fb);

	return fb;

fail:
	kfree(omap_fb);

	return ERR_PTR(ret);
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Legendary Movie Star Sidney Poitier Dies At 94
Africa's Diaspora Communities | Entertainment & Lifestyle | Bahamas January 7, 2022
Legendary movie star, diplomat, and human rights activist Sidney Poitier is dead. He died on January 6, 2022, in Los Angeles, California. He was 94. Announcement of his death was made by the government of Bahamas on January 7, 2022 and reported by various media.
Sidney Poitier began his career as movie actor in the 1950s. In 1964 he won the Academy Award alias Oscar for Best Actor of a movie called Lilies of the Field (1963). He became the first movie actor of African descent to win the prestigious award.
Some of other big-time movies he played key roles include Duel at Diablo (1966), In the Heat of the Night (1967), and Guess Who's Coming to Dinner (1967).
In many of the movies he took part in, Sidney Poitier portrayed: outright rejection of the race theory, self-confidence, vision, courage, and toughness, among others. As such, he is said to have inspired numerous people of African descent and Africans at large in their efforts to make career breakthrough in movie acting and other fields.
Also through movies in the above way, Sidney Poitier is said to have inspired the US civil right movement as well as the fight against the apartheid regime in South Africa.
In later years, Sidney Poitier became a highly respected diplomat and staunch human rights activist.
_____________________________ © 2015 - 2022 Africauptodate. All Rights Reserved

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Russian indicted by Mueller for alleged troll-farm activities is released by Belarus
Anna Bogacheva is one of 13 Russians charged by the former special counsel for interfering in U.S. politics.
By Sean Lyngaas
Victory Square in Minsk, the capital of Belarus.
Authorities in Belarus have released a Russian national whom former Special Counsel Robert Mueller indicted for interfering in the 2016 U.S. election.
Anna Bogacheva allegedly worked for the notorious Internet Research Agency, a propaganda-spouting company with ties to Russian President Vladimir Putin. A February 2018 indictment from the Department of Justice alleges that Bogacheva traveled to the U.S. in 2014 "under false pretenses for the purpose of collecting intelligence" to support the IRA's disinformation campaigns.
Bogacheva was released after being detained in the capital of Minsk, according to multiple media reports quoting Belarus's prosecutor general's office. Her detention initially raised the possibility that one of the 13 Russians charged by Mueller might see the inside of the U.S. courtroom.
Bogacheva immediately returned to Russia upon being released, The Washington Post reported.
Belarusian authorities did not find grounds to detain Bogacheva for extradition, according to reports. A spokesperson for the office could not be reached to elaborate on the decision to release Bogacheva. Under authoritarian President Alexander Lukashenko, Belarus has generally been an ally of Russia.
The IRA, which churns out disinformation through bots and trolls on social media, has remained the target of U.S. efforts to combat disinformation since 2016. On the eve of the 2018 midterm elections, U.S. Cyber Command briefly cut the IRA off from the internet to disrupt its operations. Last month, the Treasury Department announced sanctions against the financier of the IRA and six other operatives at the agency for allegedly interfering in the 2018 midterms.
Anna Bogacheva
information operations
Internet Research Agency
Supporters of President Donald Trump outside the U.S. Capitol Building on Jan. 6. A new Graphika and Stanford report documents how Russian disinformation has thrived on alt-right sites. (Elvert Barnes / Flickr)
Russian disinformation rampant on far-right social media platforms
The report found a web of 35 accounts linked to suspected Russian information operators spreading lies about rigged elections, the Ukraine war and political issues.
Chris Krebs speaks Oct. 24, 2019, at CyberTalks in Washington, D.C. (Scoop News Group)
How US security officials are watching for threats ahead of Election Day
With an eye on election interference, Facebook scrubs networks of phony Russian accounts
US sanctions Russian agent for 2020 election interference efforts, alleged IRA trolls
By Shannon Vavra
Russian IRA troll farm outsourced new operation to Ghana, Nigeria
Blunt phone call shows state officials are unhappy with rollout of election security framework
Accounts focused on African politics are linked to a Russian tycoon, Facebook says
By Jeff Stone


The vodka shelves are jammed with competitors trying to promote the club lifestyle and over-the-top luxury. Shakespeare Vodka had the right mix. It tastes better than the competition, it has a unique name and distribution that put the product in stores and in the hands of bartenders. But it needed a story to connect potential consumers to the brand.
One Eighteen saw an opportunity to differentiate Shakespeare in the crowded vodka category, by aligning the brand story to the consumer's lifestyle and point-of-view. By using genuine, human experiences and leveraging the power of Shakespeare's language, we created the brand position "Write Your Own Story," in the marketplace that inspired consumers to evangelize its attributes and adopt as their own.


In most of the countries, maximum people are meat consumers and so you need to consume the healthiest meat for maintaining proper health. The researchers found that the organic meats are highly useful in providing several health benefits as they form an useful meat-free diet. But you must be very careful at the time of purchasing these meats and must essentially check the label of certified organic for achieving the meat benefits. You can get this kind of health meat only from a specialized butcher called an organic meat butcher.
Nowadays, there are many butchers who are dealing with different kinds of healthy organic meats. These kinds of specialized meats are mostly derived from those animals who are normally adopted in organic based animal farms. These animal farms sincerely follow different kinds of conservative practices for the effective preservation of the natural resources. One of the greatest benefits of organic meats is that these meats possess fewer amounts of toxin components in comparison to conventional meats. This is because of the fact that these organic meats are normally produced by those animals that are provided with growth hormones or antibiotics. Moreover, these animals are also provided with organic grains and forage and their farm are highly protected by the utilization of organic pest controls. Some of the grass fed beef steaks are also included under the category of organic meats.
The humane farming which involves providing of useful humane treatments to the farm animals is highly useful in supporting the entire industry of organic meat. The scientific researchers say that this kind of healthy meat is quite useful for the consumption of the pregnant women as the concerned meat provides high levels of CLA which automatically enhances the quality and quantity of the breast milk for baby feeding. In fact, it is also quite useful in developing the body growth and health of the babies in a proper manner within the wombs. You must look for your local retail butcher who has got the authorization to sell the organic meats to the meat consumers. You must check out the organic certification of the meats in order to verify the authenticity of those meats. But before purchasing meat from any retail organic butcher, you need to consider few essential things about the butcher.
Some of these important considerable factors include butcher's reputation, experience, quality and certification of products, authorization to sell organic meats, price of organic meats and lots more. You can also compare these essential features among different reputed organic meat butchers of your locality for selecting the best one among them providing quality organic meat within your affordable range. Most of the efficient organic meat butchers provide meat home delivery to their clients' places in order to enhance the satisfaction levels of their clients. Nowadays, most of the reputed and certified organic meat butchers are highly maintaining their online official websites for maintaining their professional profile. Therefore, you can easily get into those websites and can find out the requisite details including the facility of food delivery service. The online customer testimonials or reviews will definitely help you to frame your own selection regarding the same.


Summer is upon us! I can feel it in the air, hear it in the laughter of all of the neighborhood children and smell it thanks to some amazing grill masters nearby!
We spend much of our summer free time simply playing in our backyard. We refer to it as our own "backyard water park" when asking the boys what we want to do each day and their answer is nearly always "outside" or "play outside" or "swim".
When we know the entire day will be spent in the yard, we go all out. Neighbor kids always join the fun and the effort is so worth the joyful laughter and fun had.
The recipe is simple! Use what you have. Ready for all of the fun and simple ideas?
How to create a backyard water park for a weekend of fun!
Anything else you have such as a slip and slide.
Place pools and sprinklers in the spot you want them early in the day.
Inflate and fill with water.
Add warm water if you need to (we've had to a couple of times) or let the sun warm them up.
Add a bucket full of water toys such as rubber duckies, spoons, mini buckets, shovels or beach balls. These are so much fun for the water table or bowls of water.
Bring out a basket of beach towels and swim pants plus wipes (for easy changing).
Bring out a basket of sunscreen (for reapplying).
Grab beverages for all and let the fun begin!
With two little ones (one still in diapers) we love the ease of using swim pants plus wipes in the summer. I always bring several out for easy changing and for any impromptu guests. Throwing this together is an easy way to have an adventure in your own backyard and we've learned that we love it as much if not more than going to the local pool or splash pad.
Huggies Little Swimmers currently have the sweetest Finding Dory characters on them. Let's talk Dory-like adventures, shall we? Our kids are three years apart, but some things are simply fun for both of them. Our backyard water park is definitely that. They both play for hours and enjoy every moment.
We can maximize our summer experiences with Little Swimmers, Dory and Huggies Natural Care Wipes right in our towel basket. They are adorable and Ezra always points at Dory and says "Fishy" with the biggest smile.
Huggies Little Swimmers are our choice because they are adorable with Finding Dory characters, functional with their easy-open sides and flexible since Ezra is VERY active this summer.
I'm not going to lie. We use the Huggies Natural Care Wipes for EVERYTHING when we are outside. I literally wipe faces, hands, clean diapers, wipe the table down and more with these. Tossing them in the basket makes it easy to clean up any mess from fruit pops dripped all over to dirty diapers.
For worry-free water fun in the sun, look for Huggies Little Swimmers with new Finding Dory characters at a retailer near you, and follow swim pants plus wipes to download a coupon for $1.50 off your first pack of Huggies Little Swimmers – for a limited time – and find other Huggies offers.
Thank you for supporting the brands that make Live the Fancy Life possible.
2 Responses to "Creating a Backyard Water Park"
Lovely. I like the whole concept.


text:
Detroit Sale of Huge Amounts of Land Could Lead to Displacement, Say Residents
Victor Walker,
The Michigan Citizen
Detroit – Detroit City Council sent Hantz Farms back to the drawing board after a Nov. 15 committee meeting to revise a proposal for the purchase of more than 1,500 parcels of city-owned land.
Council members and concerned citizens expressed their concerns about the sale to Hantz Farms under a purchase agreement that would benefit the city financially, but would allow the commercial urban agriculture initiative to acquire the land with no specific development plan.
The proposed plan is valued at $600,000 and according to Mike Score, president of Hantz Farms, the only goal in acquiring the land is to "beautify the city and make it more livable."
Brittany Scales, a Detroit resident, says Hantz' intention is questionable at best.
"No one I know would buy that much land for that much money only to make it look good," Scales said. "Is Hantz Farms working within the law to cheat the people?"
Councilwoman Saunteel Jenkins, chair of the Planning and Economic Development Committee, said: "I am not debating the benefits. The question is 'Why wouldn't we have protections to make sure that's all you do unless you come back to the city for permission?'"
Some citizens are also cynical and believe that without a specific plan under a development agreement, "more livable" could translate into expensive homes they cannot afford.
"What's really going on?" Terrence Stacks White asked after the meeting. "Clearly, their vision is to develop something on the land. I'm concerned it would be something like town homes or condominiums that would benefit them and not the city."
Detroit resident Judy Gardner believes a development agreement is the only way to ensure Hantz Farms doesn't intend to buy up the land only to sell it to a third party for profit. "They have not been forthcoming," Gardner said. "If their plans are so beneficial to the people of the city of Detroit, why have they gone to great lengths to keep them under wraps?"
Bruce Goldman, senior assistant Corporation Counsel at the City of Detroit Law Department, said, "A development agreement is not needed because there is sufficient regulation under the existing zoning ordinance to protect from deviation from what Hantz Farms has said it wants to do."
Some argue that public hearings should be held in an effort to be fair and transparent because such large amounts of city-owned property is at stake.
"Agreements need to be made public before being voted on by City Council and citizens should be adequately informed," said Cheryl Simon, coordinator for the Detroit Food Policy Council.
Others say a deal of this nature is premature considering the city is waiting on an Urban Agriculture Ordinance that would govern proper land use. Phil Jones, chair of the Detroit food Policy Council, said, "I am disappointed that this is going forward without the urban agriculture ordinance being passed as promised. I think people want to talk about these issues."
Hantz Farms is "not proposing to do anything other than clean the property up," said Marcell Todd, Jr., director of the City Planning Commission. "If an urban agriculture ordinance passes, they would be subject to that ordinance and would have to come back to this body."
Renee Wallace, a Detroit resident, spoke of Hantz Farms' dream of building the world's largest urban farm on the east side of the city. "That dream was not downscaled to doing landscaping." Wallace asked the Council to suspend approval of agreement until proper protections can be put into place and the "real deal is on the table."
Score asked Council for more time to "change the language" of the agreement to address their issues. Councilmember Jenkins said explicitly that she would only entertain a development agreement that included a provision requiring Hantz Farm to follow up with the Council should they change the agreement. The Committee voted the measure out to the entire Council on Nov. 20 body without recommentdation.
Victor Walker
Detroit Catholics Clergymen Defy Bishop, Turn Out for Liberal Mass
Defying the Roman Catholic archbishop of Detroit, a priest led a Mass Sunday organized by the American Catholic Council, a controversial umbrella group of liberal Catholics. And dozens…
Niraj Warikoo,
Detroit MC Speaks Truth to Problems of Ailing City
u201cThe Rise of the Turtle,u201d a new instrumental hip hop album from Sacramento Knoxx, is a shining example of the type of independent hip hop being released from…
Steve Furay,


text:
IORMA | Consumer Commerce Centre
IORMA Academy
The IORMA Academy provides an innovative new approach to assist in the alignment of Academic Universities, Institutions and individual students with the Global Consumer Commerce sector as a whole.
The IORMA Academy is actively engaging both UK and International Universities in the pursuit of knowledge transfer between the Academic and Industry Sectors.
IORMA has an innovative new approach to assist in the alignment of Academic Universities, Institutions and individual Students, with the Global OMNI Retailing Industry as a whole.
As Global Retailing becomes an increasingly dynamic industry, no more confined to bricks and mortar alone, the sector is running hard to keep up with the technological, legal and media developments which change week by week. Many of these developments are borne out of research projects within universities or in collaboration with industry. Equally the education sector needs to keep abreast of similar developments happening globally across Omni-channel retailing and can also benefit from the practical experience brought into the classroom or research lab by a thriving company.
IORMA has at its heart the goal of improving business performance at all levels. Business, Government and Academia jointly carry the responsibility for the vital role of stimulating economic growth. This means assisting, inspiring and having the confidence to engage in R&D projects which will ultimately create wealth for the economy.
We envisage the Academic sector working closely with the research arm of IORMA and welcome the opportunity to work together on surveys and other research projects.
IORMA is able to connect its members with academics looking to be involved in projects or merely to network in different sectors and understand how industry works. Moreover we are open to approaches for development of specialist areas within our organisation both in the UK and globally.
Above all IORMA is ideally positioned to promote academic courses relevant to the retail sector. We are also able to assist students and through our incredible network, assist careers officers with advice for students and in many cases, contacts to help them get onto the difficult first rung of the careers ladder.
Please register your interest (HERE) from research councils, HE funding councils, university staff including department heads, research fellows, careers officers and of course individual students from overseas or across the whole of the UK.
The greater the contact between entrepreneurs and academics from a broad span of organisations, the more that will be achieved in driving OMNI Retailing forward.
IORMA Academy News – 2nd October 2018
IORMA the Global Consumer Commerce Centre and the University of East London are delighted to announce they have formed a partnership to launch IDEA – IORMA Digital Economy Academy to further knowledge and access to research and education for the Global Digital Economy:
See here for more information about IDEA
IORMA Academy News – 19th March 2015
The IORMA Academy is a partnership with the Retail Institute at Leeds Beckett University to further knowledge and access to research and education throughout the global retail sector.
The Academy will act as a gateway to a suite of educational programmes and continued professional development opportunities to ensure retail professionals have the skills and knowledge to enhance their company's profitability and develop their future careers.
IORMA Academy News – 11th December 2014
IORMA the Global Consumer Commerce Knowledge Centre and the Retail Institute at Leeds Beckett University are delighted to announce they have formed a partnership to further knowledge and access to research and education throughout the global retail sector.
John Andrews,Chairman and CEO of IORMA, believes this is a very important step for Retail, he states:
"IORMA recognises the need to understand and respond to the many ways in which consumers are changing – in the products and services they want and need, and the ways they want to obtain them. By linking with the Retail Institute, one of the leading academic retail centres, we are bringing access to the leading thinking to business and proving companies with an easy route to new knowledge"
Professor Cathy Barnes, Director of the Retail Institute and Member of the IORMA Advisory Board, understands how important it is to bring retail academics and business together, she adds:
"We look forward to growing our partnership with IORMA as they represent the future of Retail and will provide a global perspective on all our research and knowledge transfer. The Retail Institute knows how important it is to engage with businesses and we are excited to start work with IORMA on a number of initiatives over the coming months."
The first initiative that the partnership intends to embark upon is to develop the IORMA Academy. The Academy will provide a suite of educational programmes and continued professional development opportunities to ensure retail professionals have the skills and knowledge to enhance their company's profitability and develop their future careers.
About The Retail Institute
The Retail Institute is the UK's only academic research centre that leads the consumer experiences of the future in retailing, food and packaging.
Alongside their innovative research, they work with suppliers, brand owners and retailers to help support their future product, packaging and retail needs. They have a proven track record in working with commercial timescales and requirements, and our global network of experts are all specialists in their field; bringing academic integrity, impartiality and rigour to all their projects.
The Retail Institute was born in 1999 as Faraday Packaging, and brought together university researchers and companies from across the retail supply chain to work together for mutual benefit. Previously recognised for research into innovative product packaging, they have since extended the knowledge and expertise range and are now able to offer research and specialists in many areas of interest to client companies, from retail technologies to performance nutrition.
e: info@iorma.com
© IORMA | Consumer Commerce Centre 2019. Businessx theme designed by Acosmin.


text:
Police seek suspect in botched bank robbery
THE SUSPECT in an attempted bank robbery is pictured in this bank security video. (photo source: Cairo Police Department)
Cairo Police are investigating an unsuccessful bank robbery attempt in Cairo Friday morning.
At 10:53 a.m., a tall man walked up to a teller's station at Five Star Credit Union on U.S. 84 and gave her a note that stated, "give me 100's and 50's."
The teller told the man that she needed his account number, and he replied, "ma'am?" according to Cairo Police. The teller told police that she advised him a second time that she needed his account number, and told him he could enter it into a keypad at her station.
The man then told the banker that he would go to his car to get the account number, and she saw him exit the bank walking west. He did not return, and no money was taken, according to Cairo Police.
The suspect is described as a tall black male, wearing a black face mask, black stocking cap, black jacket, khaki pants and red shoes.
The case was turned over to Cairo Police investigator Johnny Myers. Anyone with information that could assist police in the case is asked to call (229) 378-3096.


Edible or potable substance (usually of animal or plant origin), consisting of nourishing and nutritive components such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, essential mineral and vitamins, which (when ingested and assimilated through digestion) sustains life, generates energy, and provides growth, maintenance, and health of the body.
While a person can only survive for about 3 days without any water, you can survive without food for about 3 weeks before you need to eat anything.
When you are having an office party it is a good idea to get a wide variety of food to suit everyones needs.
food can be very healthy and flavorful, but you have to watch what you eat because food can be dangerous.


Earth Day is designed to grow and diversify the environmental movement worldwide, and to mobilize it as the most effective vehicle for promoting a healthy, sustainable planet. Earth Day is the only event celebrated simultaneously around the globe by people of all backgrounds, faiths and nationalities. More than a half billion people participate in Earth Day campaigns every year.
Earth Day was founded in 1970 by U.S. Senator Gaylord Nelson to push the environment onto the national agenda. It is an inclusive event, attracting people of all religions and beliefs. Non-religious groups have many reasons to celebrate Earth Day: those who don't believe in heaven or divine intervention realize that this world is all we have and that it is in our hands to protect our world. People who believe that the scientific method is the best way to gain understanding of our world, can also use Earth Day to promote the best available science about environmental issues. Secular groups can use this annual event to network with environmental groups and other organizations.
Earth Day can be celebrated in many different ways. Events across the globe are often designed to bring notice of the environment to lawmakers. Events also take place on college and school campuses. Meetings intended for the sole purpose of attracting attention to the cause are the most common; these meetings often employ music, speakers, and other attractions to generate attention.


text:
Chardon shop is robbed
By Mark Owens |
PUBLISHED: August 21, 2004 at 10:24 a.m. | UPDATED: July 16, 2021 at 4:30 a.m.
Chardon police are seeking the man who robbed Cheap Tobacco Smoke Shop Thursday night in the city's first armed robbery in nine years.
No one was hurt during the 5 p.m. robbery at the Center Street shop. Police said the clerk was the only one in the store at the time of the holdup.
"This is the first armed robbery in a long, long time," Chardon police Sgt. Troy Duncan said. "I think the last one we had was in 1995."
According to reports, the robber walked into the store at 5:03 p.m., approached the store counter and brandished a handgun.
"He ordered the store's employee to open the cash register, then reached over the counter and removed money from the drawer," according to a statement released by Chardon Police Department.
The robber then fled on foot, disappearing in a parking lot south of the store.
The suspect is described as
a male in his late 20s or early
30s, possibly Hispanic, with shoulder-length wavy black
He has a sparse mustache and stands about 5-foot-8.
The description notes that on the day of the robbery, the bandit wore a gray T-shirt, khaki colored pants, a tan baseball cap and box-framed sunglasses.
Several departments were called in to assist in the
initial search, which Duncan
said lasted between 2 and 21/2 hours.
"When a case like this happens to a smaller department like ours, we ask other agencies for help," the sergeant said.
"We called in the Geauga County Sheriff's Office, the Ohio Highway Patrol, the Holden Arboretum Rangers and Bainbridge Police Department's K-9 unit."
Chardon Fire Department set up its aerial ladder, allowing police to get a bird's eye view of the crime scene.
Anyone with information concerning the robbery can contact Chardon police Sgt. Troy Duncan at (440) 286-6123.
Mark Owens


text:
Home Latest news Regional electricity firm issues community energy rallying cry
Regional electricity firm issues community energy rallying cry
Electricity North West has called for community groups in its region to take advantage of the knowledge, expertise and funds on offer to promote community energy projects, following the first 12 months of its Community and Local Energy Strategy.
The distribution network operator made the call when releasing its 2019 Community and Local Energy Annual Report on Thursday 4 July. After launching its strategy a year ago, Electricity North West has helped support 13 community energy projects, hosted a series of workshops and supported a further six groups through its Powering Our Communities Fund.
The fund, which will re-open for applications in the autumn, was set up to promote community energy projects. This includes Carbon Coop's Energy Justice Salford project, with £14,620 provided to support the new user-led approach to delivering energy efficiency measures to households with a focus on those in fuel poverty.
Electricity North West
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text:
2017, Regular Session
Minnesota Session Laws - 2017, Regular Session
Back to Session
Keyword Search 2017, Regular Session
Session Index (Topics)
Session Laws Amended, Repealed, etc. (Table 1)
Statutes New, Amended or Repealed (Table 2)
Veto Information
History and Authors
Key: (1) language to be deleted (2) new language
CHAPTER 21--H.F.No. 400
relating to state contracts; requiring that the vendor not engage in discrimination against Israel;
amending Minnesota Statutes 2016, section 16C.06, by adding a subdivision; proposing coding for new law in Minnesota Statutes, chapters 3; 16C.
BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF MINNESOTA:
[3.226] CONTRACTS WITH VENDORS WHO DISCRIMINATE AGAINST ISRAEL PROHIBITED.
Subdivision 1.
Discrimination by vendor.
(a) The legislature may not enter into a contract with a vendor that engages in discrimination against Israel, or against persons or entities doing business in Israel, when making decisions related to the operation of the vendor's business.
(b) For purposes of this section, "discrimination" includes but is not limited to engaging in refusals to deal, terminating business activities, or other actions that are intended to limit commercial relations with Israel, or persons or entities doing business in Israel, when such actions are taken in a manner that in any way discriminates on the basis of nationality or national origin and is not based on a valid business reason.
Subd. 2.
Exemption; legislature may waive.
(a) This section does not apply to contracts with a value of less than $1,000.
(b) The legislature may waive application of this section on a contract if the legislature determines that compliance is not practicable or in the best interests of the state.
Relation to existing law.
This section does not prohibit a vendor from engaging in free speech or expression protected under the First Amendment of the United States Constitution or the Constitution of the state of Minnesota.
[3.227] CERTIFICATION OF COMPLIANCE WITH THIS CHAPTER.
The legislature shall require that the terms of any contract include a certification of the vendor's compliance with all requirements of this chapter in entering and executing the contract.
[16C.053] CONTRACTS WITH VENDORS WHO DISCRIMINATE AGAINST ISRAEL PROHIBITED.
(a) A state agency may not enter into a contract with a vendor that engages in discrimination against Israel, or against persons or entities doing business in Israel, when making decisions related to the operation of the vendor's business.
Exemption; commissioner may waive.
(b) The commissioner may waive application of this section on a contract if the commissioner determines that compliance is not practicable or in the best interests of the state.
Minnesota Statutes 2016, section 16C.06, is amended by adding a subdivision to read:
Subd. 12.
Certification of compliance with this chapter.
The commissioner shall require that the terms of any contract include a certification of the vendor's compliance with all requirements of this chapter in entering and executing the contract.
EFFECTIVE DATE.
Sections 1, 2, 3, and 4 are effective July 1, 2017, and apply to contracts entered into on or after that date.
Presented to the governor May 1, 2017
Signed by the governor May 3, 2017, 1:09 p.m.


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                  Implementing User Authentication with bcrypt in ChicagoBoss

                  published <time itemprop="datePublished" content="2013-10-30 03:10:17 UTC">30 Oct 2013</time>
                  in erlang

Ever since I learned the error in using basic MD5/SHA1/SHA256/etc. hashes for storing password hashes, I always see to adding in bcrypt hashing in the authentication for my web applications, but ChicagoBoss, one of my new go-to web frameworks along with Revel (yay, concurrency!), doesn't have bcrypt support added in by default. Let's go ahead and add that ourselves.
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                  ChicagoBoss

                  published <time itemprop="datePublished" content="2013-08-27 19:06:21 UTC">27 Aug 2013</time>
                  in erlang

I need to stop finding awesome projects to try out. Erlang and ChicagoBoss look pretty freakin' sweet. Have to love some high-performance programming languages matched with a productive web framework.
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My Bunker

              Louisville, KY

              40222

              United States

My Links

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About Shane

A polyglot web developer. Current interests include Elixir, Go, MVC4, PHP frameworks (Phalcon and Laravel), and DevOps when necessary.

Works at Blackstone Media / StarkNine by day.


text:
Q: Filter an object w/ a nested array in reference with another array of objects with an AND logical operator (think Intersection) I basically want to filter an object w/ a nested array in reference with another array of objects.  The filtering needs to find all matching objects of the primary array with an AND logical operator (think Intersection).  Below is a basic set up that should give you a clear idea of what I want to do. My current solution is not an 'intersection" solution I am trying to achieve.  The some operator is giving me a UNION solution, instead of the INTERSECTION (OR vs AND).
interface Class1{
tags: Tag[];
}

interface Tag {
    name: string;
}

sampleClassArray: Class1[] = [{
    tags: [
            {
                name: 'Chris'
            },
            {
                name: 'Eric'
            },
            {
                name: 'Terry'
            }
        ]
    },
    {
        tags: [
            {
                name: 'Paul'
            },
            {
                name: 'Brittney'
            },
            {
                name: 'Brian'
            }
        ]
    },
    {
        tags: [
            {
                name: 'Eric'
            },
            {
                name: 'Lee'
            },
            {
                name: 'Polio'
            }
        ]
    }

}

sampleTagArray: Tag[] = [
    {
        name: 'Eric'
    },
    {
        name: 'Bogey'
    },
    {
        name: 'Samantha'
    }
]

  ngOnInit() {
         let returnFilterResults = [];

         returnFilterResults = this.sampleObject1.filter((sampleObject: sampleClassArray) =>
          this.sampleTagArray.every((sampleTag: Tag) => sampleObject.tags.some((sampleObjectTag) => sampleTag.name === sampleObjectTag.name))
        );
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Many continue to support Brook Knoll Elementary with their generous donations. We are so grateful! There are various ways you can support Brook Knoll, either through some of the avenues listed here or through a direct donation to the Brook Knoll PTA. Whichever way you choose, your dollars will be put to work to continue our tradition of academic excellence at Brook Knoll Elementary School.
Dinner Auction - Our largest fundraiser contributes nearly half of the PTA yearly budget. This year, the event will be held on March 12, 2011 at the Coconut Grove in Santa Cruz.
e-Scrip - Make money for Brook Knoll when you shop. Register your Safeway, Nob Hill, Scotts Valley Market cards today. You can also register your Macy's, ATM/Debit, and most credit cards. And don't forget to enroll your family and friends. Go to www.brookknoll.santacruz.k12.ca.us to find out more.
Walk-a-thon - This event is scheduled for May 2011 at Skypark. We will walk with Vine Hill Elementary School to raise money for art, music, and teacher supplies at both schools. Come join the fun and walk a few miles with your child. It's a family event you won't want to miss!
Or make a direct donation by credit card. Remember that credit card processing fees with reduce your gift by 3.5%.


text:
Two diocesan services will celebrate the joy of Christmas
by EN Staff | Dec 17, 2020 | News
In a previous year, St. John's Cathedral was decked for Christmas. This year, celebrations are going online. Photo: Janet Kawamoto
Bishop John Harvey Taylor and Bishop Suffragan Diane M. Jardine Bruce will offer special online services in coming days to celebrate Christmastide.
On Christmas Day, Bishop Bruce and Canon Stephen Bruce invite the diocesan community to join them for "Christmas Around the Creche," an online multilingual celebration of the Nativity featuring readers and musicians from congregations throughout the diocese. The service will be livestreamed at 10 a.m. on Friday, Dec. 25. "We'll have all the languages in which services are conducted in the diocese," says Bruce, including English, Korean, Spanish, Mandarin and more.
On the first Sunday after Christmas, Bishop Taylor will officiate at an online "Festival of Lessons and Carols for Christmas," featuring multilingual readings and carols from all ten deaneries in the diocese. The service, to be livestreamed at 10 a.m. on Sunday, Dec. 27, will include a meditation by Bishop Taylor and a virtual celebration of Holy Eucharist.
Both offerings will be available via the diocese's Facebook page and YouTube channel. No prior registration or signup will be needed to view the services, which also will be available on demand after their initial airings.


text:
Home / News / Israel / Theodor Herzl remembered for role in bringing modern nation of Israel into existence
Theodor Herzl in Judea circa 1898.
Theodor Herzl remembered for role in bringing modern nation of Israel into existence
As the nation of Israel commemorates its 75th anniversary this year, it remembers the vision of Theodor Herzl. The refined Jewish gentleman living in Europe saw a growing hatred of Jews in the late 1800s and feared the prejudice would never end. That's when he realized God's chosen people needed a safer place to live and sought to take them back to their sacred homeland.
Gil Troy, the author of a new three-volume work called "Zionist Writings of Theodor Herzl," shared his story recently.
"Imagine where the Jewish people were 125 years ago — broken, lost, wandering, homeless," he said, "And this guy with piercing black eyes and a beautiful black beard and a real sense of dignity, says, 'We are a people. We have ties to a particular homeland and a right to establish a state on that homeland. Zionism! We're going to return to Zion.'"
Herzl, a journalist and a playwright, wrote of a strong, confident new breed of people establishing this homeland. Troy read a passage from Herzl's writings: "The idea must wing its way into the most remote, miserable holes where our people dwell. They will awaken from their gloomy torpor. Then, activated, a generation of marvelous Jews will spring into existence."
Herzl lobbied world leaders and assembled Jews from all over to Basel, Switzerland, for the first World Zionist Congress. That set off a powerful Zionist movement and led to a prophecy.
"And indeed 50 years later the United Nations, on November 29,1947, voted to recognize that Zionist idea: that the Jews are a people, they have ties to a particular homeland and a right to establish a state on that homeland," Troy said. "A year later, so 51 years later, May 1948, Israel was established. So he really was a prophet."
Video: Zionism and Israel explained:
Although Herzl died at the young age of 44 in 1904, his influence helped lead to the 1917 Balfour Declaration, which endorsed the idea of a national home for the Jewish people in Palestine. Herzl's dream was well on its way to fruition.
"He'd always believed if one pushed hard enough, a dream — an idea — could become a reality," Troy said. " He wrote that this particular dream of a Jewish return to Zion must be made real. It is as old as our people, which has never, even in times of direst misery, ceased to cherish it. The Jewish state is something the world needs, and consequently, it will come into being. And it has."
–Dwight Widaman | MV
anniversary europe founding gil troy holocaust homeland Israel jerusalem jewish state jews judea my samaria tel aviv Theodor Herzl zionism 2023-01-11
Tagged with: anniversary europe founding gil troy holocaust homeland Israel jerusalem jewish state jews judea my samaria tel aviv Theodor Herzl zionism
Previous: Local Christian business leader Harold Finch dies at age 89
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text:
Why AOC's Response To Sarah Palin's Criticism Has Twitter In A Tizzy
Grossinger/Shutterstock
By Cassidy Anthony/Sept. 9, 2021 5:59 pm EST
U.S. Representative Alexandra Ocasio-Cortez has some serious thoughts regarding Texas' recent abortion bans.
The law in question will ban abortions after about six weeks of pregnancy, which is far earlier than many women can even know that they're pregnant (via NPR). The law is effectively an abolition of Roe vs. Wade, which has protected pregnant people's freedom to choose to have an abortion since 1973 (via Oyez).
In an interview via "Anderson Cooper 360," Ocasio-Cortez slammed Texas Governor Greg Abbott's recent comments regarding abortion and the specifics of the laws that he helped instate. Abbott confidently asserted that the law would allow women "at least six weeks" to find out if they're pregnant, which is not only false due to its inaccuracy regarding the law, but also because most women don't know they're pregnant at six weeks (via NPR). In response, AOC stated that Abbott's comments were "awful" and that he spoke from a place of "deep ignorance."
"I'm sorry we have to break down Biology 101 on national television, but in case no one has informed him before in his life, six weeks pregnant means two weeks late for your period," Ocasio-Cortez said on Anderson Cooper's show. "And two weeks late on your period ... can happen if you're stressed, if your diet changes, or for really no reason at all. So you don't have six weeks" (via The Hill).
Here's what Palin said against AOC
Christopher Halloran/Shutterstock
Cue Sarah Palin. Remember her?
The former governor of Alaska spoke out against representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez in a recent interview with Fox News. In an attempt to denounce Ocasio-Cortez's comments regarding the new Texas abortion law, Palin deemed her a "fake feminist."
"Wow, AOC, she's really milking this, isn't she?" Palin said. "She's such a fake feminist that she would bring up an issue like this and try to use it to make some kind of political point." Palin continued, calling the representative "off-base politically" and accusing her analogies of being confusing. "She's milking the whole female thing, and as a real feminist, I'm embarrassed for her," she rambled, per Business Insider.
Ocasio-Cortez couldn't help but respond in the classic, cheeky way that she does. She took to Twitter to post a response, which she said was a "special hotline" for Palin. "I'm so sorry Sarah Palin is mad at me!" she captioned her video. "Does my existence make you mad? Does the fact that, yes, I am a mouthpiece for the people of New York's 14th Congressional District, upset you?" Ocasio-Cortez says in the video. "Well, I have help for you. Call 1-800-CRY NOW. That's 1-800-CRY NOW," she said.
The so-called "fake feminist" has since set up a website aimed at helping raise funds for Texas-based abortion and reproductive health providers, and will also go toward the $10,000 bounty threatened on anyone that helps someone obtain an abortion (via CBS News). The fundraiser has already collected over $250,000.


text:
Sodium 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-sec-butyl-4-hydroxybenzenesulfonate
EC number: 403-080-9 | CAS number: 92484-48-5 BENZTRIAZOL UV ABSORBER BUK 4499; BUK 4499; UV ABSORBER BUK 4499
Short description of key information on bioaccumulation potential result:
Based on physical-chemical characteristics, particularly water solubility, octanol-water partition coefficient and vapour pressure, very limited absorption by the dermal route is expected, which is further supported by dermal absorption and dermal acute toxicity studies results. Due to its polar character the substance is not expected to become systemically available to a high extent after inhalation of dust. For the oral route uptake is more likely compared to dermal application. Bioaccumulation is not likely to occur based on the physical-chemical properties. Excretion is expected to occur rapidly via the urine and the faeces. No sex differences with regard to toxicity are expected based on data from repeated dose toxicity tests.
Short description of key information on absorption rate:
Two studies were available investigating the dermal absorption of pharmacokinetics of 3(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-sec-butyl-4-hydroxybenzenesulfonatesodium in different cosmetic formulations. Both studies indicated a very low dermal penetration rate, which is below or only slightly above the detection limit of the analytical methods. No dermal accumulation of the test substance occurred.
Bioaccumulation potential:
Toxicological profile of Sodium 3(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-sec-butyl-4-hydroxybenzenesulfonate
Sodium 3(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-sec-butyl-4-hydroxybenzenesulfonate was tested for acute toxicity by oral and dermal application to the rat according to OECD guideline 401 and 402. The LD50 (oral) was greater than 5000 mg/kg bw and the LD50 (dermal) was greater than 2000 mg/kg bw.
Sodium 3(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-sec-butyl-4-hydroxybenzenesulfonate was tested in a primary skin irritation study according to OECD guideline 404 and EU method B.4. The test item was not irritating to rabbit's skin. Furthermore, a phototoxicity test was carried out according to the CTFA Safety Testing Guidelines with 15 female Albino Hartley guinea pigs. It can be concluded that the test article sodium 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-sec-butyl-4-hydroxybenzenesulfonate does not exhibit a photoirritating potential in the guinea pig.Sodium 3(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-sec-butyl-4-hydroxybenzenesulfonate was tested in two primary eye irritation studies according to OECD giudeline 405 and EU method B.5. In both studies, the test item was severly damaging to rabbit's eyes.
Two maximisation tests in guinea pigs were performed to determine the contact allergenic potency of the test article. In the first test none of the control and test group animals were observed with skin reactions after challenge treatment with a non-irritant test article concentration of 10 % in bi-distilled water. In the other test 10% and 5% of the animals of the test group (25 % test article in physiological saline) showed skin reactions 24 and 48 hours after removing the dressings, respectively. The test substance is, therefore, considered not to be a sensitizer when used under the given test conditions. Additionally, a Local Lymph Node Assay (LLNA) was performed according to the OECD Guideline 429. Also in this study the test substance is not considered to be a potential skin sensitizer.One photosensitisation test (photoallergenicity) was performed according to the CTFA Safety Testing Guidelines. In this study the test substance did not exhibit a photoallergenic or phototoxic potential in the guinea pig under the given study conditions.
Sodium 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-sec-butyl-4-hydroxybenzene did not reveal any indication for mutagenicity in the Ames test or in a gene mutation test in cultured mammalian cells (HGPRT assay) with and without metabolic activation. In an in vitro chromosomal aberration test in cultured V79 cells, positive effects were noted in the presence and absence of metabolic activation. However, in an in vivo mouse micronucleus assay the test substance does not induce cytogenetic damage in bone marrow cells of NMRI mice. In addition in an UDS assay in vivo the test article did not induce DNA-damage leading to repair synthesis in the hepatocytes of treated rats. In conclusion, the test substance is not considered to be mutagenic in vivo.
A 28-day oral (gavage) toxicity study was performed with sodium 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-sec-butyl-4-hydroxybenzenesulfonate in male and female Wistar rats according to OECD 407 Guideline and EC Method B.7. Dose levels administered in this study were selected based on data obtained during a 5-day dose-range-finding toxicity study. A control, four dose groups and a high dose and control recovery group (n= 5 animals per group and sex) were involved in the study. The test item was administered at concentrations of 0, 20, 50, 200 and 800 mg/kg bw prepared in carboxymethyl cellulose (4 %), at a 10 mL/kg bw treatment volume. There were no changes in the animal clinical condition, body weight or food consumption. A statistically significant increase in absolute and relative liver weights were observed in male and female rats at termination of the treatment period at 200 mg/kg bw/day. However, no histopathological correlation or changes in enzymes activities indicating aphysiological damage of the liver were found. Thus, these findings were considered to be adaptive and not adverse. No other effects were observed at 200 mg/kg bw/day. Additionally, the absolute weights of the adrenals were statistically significant decreased in males at termination of the treatment and treatment free (recovery) period at 800 mg/kg bw/day. There was no evidence of abnormal histopathological findings and no effects at clinical laboratory investigations (haematology, clinical biochemistry, urinanalysis) or any other parameter at any test dose investigated. In conclusion, based upon the results obtained in this study, the "no adverse effect level" (NOAEL) of sodium 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-sec-butyl-4-hydroxybenzenesulfonate is 200 mg/kg bw for male and females rats when administered orally by gavage for a period of 28 days.
Toxicokinetic analysis of Sodium 3(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-sec-butyl-4-hydroxybenzenesulfonate
Sodium 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-sec-butyl-4-hydroxybenzenesulfonateis a solid powder at room temperature with a molecular weight of 370.385g/mol. The substance is soluble in water (9.8 g/L). The logPow ofthe substancewas measured to be -0.24, indicating a rather polar compound. A BCF of 15.01 L/kg wet-wt (Log BCF = 1.176) was calculated by EPIWIN (v.4.00).The substancehas a very low vapour pressure of 6.06E-018 Pa at 25 °C (calculated value).
The substance is hydrolytically stable, as shown in a hydrolysis screening test according to OECD 111 at 50°C.
Oral absorption is favoured for molecular weights below 500 g/mol. The substance contains ionisable groups, which do not favour absorption via the GI tract. Nevertheless, based on the water solubility and the very low logPow valuethe substance is favourable for absorption by passive diffusion. Absorption of very hydrophilic substances by passive diffusion may be limited by the rate at which the substance partitions out of the gastrointestinal fluid. As the substances molecular weight is higher than 200,the substanceis very unlikely to pass through aqueous pores or be carried through the epithelial barrier by the bulk passage of water. Sodium 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-sec-butyl-4-hydroxybenzenesulfonate showed only mild adverse effects at concentration of 800 mg/kg bw/day in a 28-day repeated dose study when administered orally. Administered in an acute studythe substance caused mortalities only at extremely high doses of 5000 mg/kg bw. Therefore, it can be assumed that limited direct absorption across the gastrointestinal tract epithelium will occur when applied orally.
Based on the low vapour pressure of 6.06E-018 Pa inhalation exposure towards vapour is not likely. However, based on results of particle size determinations inhalable/respirable dust cannot be excluded (MMAD, D50 = 6.7 µm). If the substance reaches the lung, is not expected to easily become systemic available due to its high hydrophilic and polar nature.
Similarly, based on physical – chemical properties,the substance is not likely to penetrate skin to a large extent as the low logPow value of <0 suggest a substance with poor lipophilicity which limits penetration into the stratum corneum and hence dermal absorption. Water solubilities between 100-10,000 mg/l together with the log P value below 0 further indicate that the substance may be too hydrophilic to cross the lipid rich environment of the stratum corneum. Dermal uptake for these substances will be low.
In addition, two studies were available investigating the dermal absorption of pharmacokinetics ofSodium 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-sec-butyl-4-hydroxybenzenesulfonatein different cosmetic formulations. Both studies support the predicted skin penetration as a very low dermal penetration rate was observed. Most fractions analysed were below the detection limits of the analytical methods.
A first in-vitro percutaneous penetration study of sodium 3(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-sec-butyl-4-hydroxy- benzenesulfonate was performed under "in-use" conditions over a 24 hour period according to COLIPA guidelines for percutaneous penetration of cosmetic ingredients (COLIPA, 1995). The test substance was applied in a representative oxidative hairdye formulation consisting of a hairdye solution (containing 0.67 % test substance) mixed 1:1 with developer. Thus the applied formulation contained 0.33 % test substance. Permeation of the test substance through the skin was not detected in ten cells, suggesting that it was below the limit of detection, which equated to permeation of less than about 5 ng/cm2or about 0.08 % of the applied dose in 24 hours (amount in receptor fluid). The average dose of formulation applied to the skin was 2.1 ± 0.07 mg/cm2which represented 7.1 ± 0.22 µg/cm2of the test substance. The average total amount of the test substance recovered from the wash, wipe, tape strips, remaining skin and receptor phase was 7.2 ± 0.2 µg/cm2which represented an overall recovery of 101 ± 1.2 %. Of the recovered material, the majority (99.7 ± 1.1 % of the applied dose) was found in the 30 minute wash. A small amount of the test substance was recovered in the 24 hour wipe and strips 1-3 (total 0.032 µg/cm2) and this may be considered as surface material. The total amount of the test substance recovered from the deeper layers of the skin amounted to 0.026 µg/cm2(< 0.4 % of the applied dose) So based on a worst case assumption summing up the residues on the skin and the upper skin layers (24 h wipe and stripping), the amount in the deeper skin layers and theoretically amount (based on LOD) in the receptor fluid (0.032 + 0.026 + 0.005 µg/cm2result in a skin penetration of less than 1% (0.9 %) of the applied dose(An-eX analytical services ltd., 1988).
A second percutaneous absorption pharmacokinetics study of sodium 3(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-sec-butyl-4-hydroxybenzenesulfonate was performed with three formulations according to COLIPA guidelines for in vitro assessment of dermal absorption and percutanous penetration of cosmetic ingredients (COLIPA, 1999). The data show that very little (< 100 ng) of the test substance penetrated the skin over the 48 hour test period. The lower limit of detection for this compound was approximately 50 ng/mL (neat standard), which is approximately 1.5 ng per receptor solution sample (the average recovery from concentrated receiver solution samples was found to be 100.8%). The surface wash content is very high, indicating that the vast majority of the applied dose remains on the surface of the skin. This study supports the findings noted in the first skin penetration study (DermPharm, 2003).
Furthermore, application ofthe substanceto skin of rats did not cause irritation or corrosion nor systemic effects (mortality) in skin irritation/corrosion studies and an acute dermal toxicity study.
Distribution and Metabolism
When reaching the body Sodium 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-sec-butyl-4-hydroxybenzenesulfonate will be distributed in body liquids due to its high water solubility and very low Pow. Based on its very low BCF valuethe substanceis very unlikely to bioaccumulate in the human body.
Based on the structure of the molecule and its nature, metabolism in the human body will mainly consist on phase-II metabolising steps, leading to an even better water solubility for excretion. This is in compliance with the results obtained in the genotoxic tests showing no difference in results in samples with and without metabolising system. Metabolic activation leading to more toxic metabolites is thus not very likely. In addition available studies do not indicate any sex difference with regard to the toxicity of the substance.
Based on the water solubility and the logPow value, excretion via the urine is likely. As the substance has a molecular weight above 300 g/mol the excretion of a considerable amount via the bile is also possible, especially if phase-II conjugation takes place e.g. with formation of glucoronid derivates.
An-eX analytical services ltd. (1998). IN VITRO HUMAN SKIN PENETRATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF CIBAFAST H (CG4499) UNDER "IN-USE" CONDITIONS. Testing laboratory: An-eX analytical services ltd.,Redwood, Cardiff CFI 3XF,. Report no.: CSC/3b/98. Owner company: Ciba Spezialitatenchemie Grenzach GmbH.Report date: 1998-10-27.
ECHA (2008),Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment, Chapter R.7c: Endpoint specific guidance
DermPharm (2003). CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PERCUTANEOUS ABSORPTION OF FAT 75'309, IN VITRO, USING THE HUMAN CADAVER SKIN MODEL. Testing laboratory: DermPharm, A Division of DermTech International,15222-B Avenueof Science,,,. Report no.: DP03-659. Owner company: Ciba Specialty Chemicals, Home Personal Care Segment, Postfach Basel, 4002.Report date: 2003-12-12.
Marquardt H., et al., (1999). Toxicology. Academic Press,,, 1999
Mutschler E., et al., (2001). Arzneimittelwirkungen. Lehrbuch der Pharmakologie und Toxikologie. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft,, 2001
Discussion on absorption rate:
A first in-vitro percutaneous penetration study of sodium 3(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-sec-butyl-4-hydroxy- benzenesulfonate was performed under "in-use" conditions over a 24 hour period according to COLIPA guidelines for percutaneous penetration of cosmetic ingredients (COLIPA, 1995).
The test substance was applied in a representative oxidative hairdye formulation consisting of a hairdye solution (containing 0.67 % test substance) mixed 1:1 with developer. Thus the applied formulation contained 0.33 % test substance. The formulation was applied to human epidermal skin membranes mounted in Franz type diffusion cells at a target dose of 2 mg/cm2. After a 30 minute exposure period the skin surface was rinsed with warm water. Twelve replicates were conducted.
Of the twelve skin samples treated with the test substance, only two showed permeation of the active after 24 hours. However, data from both of these cells was excluded from further consideration (in one case anomolously high and early levels of permeation suggested that the integrity of the membrane had been compromised, and in the other, an unreasonably high recovery (-140%) implied that the applied dose was incorrectly measured). Permeation of the test substance through the skin was not detected in the remaining ten cells, suggesting that it was below the limit of detection, which equated to permeation of less than about 5 ng/cm2or about 0.08 % of the applied dose in 24 hours. The average dose of formulation applied to the skin was 2.1 ± 0.07 mg/cm2which represented 7.1 ± 0.22 µg/cm2 of the test substance. The average total amount of the test substance recovered from the wash, wipe, tape strips, remaining skin and receptor phase was 7.2 ± 0.2 µg/cm2which represented an overall recovery of 101±1.2 %. Of the recovered material, the majority (99.7 ± 1.1 % of the applied dose) was found in the 30 minute wash. A small amount of the test substance was recovered in the 24 hour wipe and strips 1-3 (total 0.032 µg/cm2) and this may be considered as surface material. The total amount of the test substance recovered from the deeper layers of the skin amounted to 0.026 µg/cm2(< 0.4 % of the applied dose).
A second percutaneous absorption pharmacokinetics study of sodium 3(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-sec-butyl-4-hydroxybenzenesulfonate was performed with three formulations according to COLIPA guidelines for in vitro assessment of dermal absorption and percutanous penetration of cosmetic ingredients (COLIPA, 1999). Absorption was measured in human cadaver skin, in vitro, using the finite dose technique and Franz Diffusion Cells. The products were tested on a minimum of six replicate sections, when possible, from three different cadaver skin donors for the percutaneous absorption of the test substance over a 48-hour dose period. At pre-selected times after dosing, the dermal receptor solution was removed in its entirety, replaced with fresh receptor solution, and an aliquot saved for subsequent analysis. The samples were analyzed for the test substance using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
The data show that very little (< 100 ng) of the test substance penetrated the skin over the 48 hour test period. The lower limit of detection for this compound was approximately 50 ng/mL(neat standard), which is approximately 1.5 ng per receptor solution sample (the average recovery from concentrated receiver solution samples was found to be 100.8%).
The data also indicate that whether the test formulation is in contact with the skin for 30 minutes (Formulation "A") or 48 hours (Formulations "B" and "C"), essential the same amount of the test substance penetrates into and through the skin. There was no statistical difference (Student's t-Test) between the formulations in their ability to delivery the test substance into or through the skin (p>0.5). The surface wash content is very high, indicating that the vast majority of the applied dose remains on thesurface of the skin. Further, there is no evidence of dermal accumulation of test compound that may have penetrated the stratum corneum and become bioavailable at a later time point.


The Mitsubishi Kasei was a 14 cylinder, double-row, air-cooled radial engine with horsepower ranging from 1,530 hp (1,140 kW) to 1,850 hp (1,380 kW), depending on the model and configuration. It was the largest aircraft engine available in Japan at the start of the war and one of Japan's most produced and most important engines. It was used in a variety of twin-engine bombers and single-engine fighters that included the Kawanishi E15K, Kawanishi H8K, Kawanishi N1K-J Kiofu, Mitsubishi G4M, Mitsubishi J2M Raiden, Nakajima B6N Tenzan, Yokosuka P1Y Ginga and the Mitsubishi Ki-21.
It was built by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries as the Model A100 and the production version was designated the MK4 and known as the Ha-101 & Ha-111 by the Army and Kasei by the Navy. The Kasei was based on the earlier Mitsubishi Kinsei engine.
Three variants were developed for the Japanese Navy starting in 1939. It was also later adopted by the Imperial Japanese Army as the Ha-32 engine, and was developed further into four variants, including the Ha-111. Production was 8,596 units of all variants.
1. Herschel Smith. A History of Aircraft Piston Engines. Manhattan, Kansas: Sunflower University Press, 1993. 133.
2. Rene J. Francillon, Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1995. 521.
© Larry Dwyer. The Aviation History Online Museum. All rights reserved.


text:
Public Entertainment (Amendment) Rules 1998
Published in Subsidiary Legislation Supplement
on 06 Feb 1998
Enacting Formula
1 Citation and commencement
2 Amendment of rule 6
Get Provisions
Whole Document
Published in Subsidiary Legislation Supplement on 06 Feb 1998
Search within Legislation
No. S 58
Public Entertainments Act
(Chapter 257)
In exercise of the powers conferred by section 20(1) of the Public Entertainments Act, the Minister for Home Affairs hereby makes the following Rules:
Citation and commencement
1. These Rules may be cited as the Public Entertainment (Amendment) Rules 1998 and shall come into operation on 14th February 1998.
Amendment of rule 6
2. Rule 6(g) of the Public Entertainment Rules (R 1) is amended —
(a) by deleting the word "and" at the end of sub-paragraph (i); and
(b) by inserting, at the end of sub-paragraph (ii) the word "and" and by inserting, immediately thereafter the following sub-paragraph:
"(iii) at the rate of $10 per month for any entertainment approved by the National Arts Council;".
[G.N. Nos. S429/95; S137/96; S404/96; S392/97]
Made this 23rd day of January 1998.
PETER CHAN JER HING
Permanent Secretary,
Ministry of Home Affairs,
[LD/PE/P/12/96 V2; AG/LEG/SL/257/97/1 Vol.1]
(To be presented to Parliament under section 20(2) of the Public Entertainments Act)


ABOVE (VERY TOP) THE 14'S DISPLAY THEIR FINALIST AWARDS IN USSSA "FIRECRACKER ON THE FOURTH" IN EAST HARTFORD, CT.
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The world in images
Córdoba | Mezquita-Catedral de Córdoba
This major former mosque was built in the period of Arab reign. Some of the columns date back to a Roman temple. After the Reconquista, a Roman-Catholic cathedral was inserted. Representing one of the largest religious buildings worldwide, this unique complex has been declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1984.
islam, mirror of the past, religious place
Thursday 13 February 2020 by Martin Mergili in Europe / Spain (285 visits)