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text:
Groundshaker (Transformers)
From WikiAlpha
The below content is licensed according to Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License contrary to the public domain logo at the foot of the page. It originally appeared on http://en.wikipedia.org. The original article might still be accessible here. You may be able to find a list of the article's previous contributors on the talk page.
Transformers character
Box art for Groundshaker
Groundshaker
Transformers: Generation 1
Alternate modes
F-19 Stealth fighter
Field Commander
"A life without risk is a life without reward."
Groundshaker is fictional character from the Transformers series. He is an Autobot Micromaster from Transformers: Generation 1 introduced in 1989. He was one of the main characters in the Dreamwave Productions Micromasters comic book limited series.
1 Transformers: Generation 1
1.1 Animated series
1.2 Dreamwave Productions
1.3 Toys
Groundshaker is a Micromaster Autobot jet. He is a bit of a hot head who charges into battle first and askes questions later. He commands the Micromaster ATV. His opposite number in the Decepticons is the Micromaster jet Skyhopper.
In the Dreamwave comics setting was a formerly full sized Transformer who was reformatted into a Micromaster.
Although the US animated series was canceled before Groundshaker was created, he did appear briefly in animated form in the commercial for his toy. Groundshaker was seen flying over a Micromaster city which was held in the palm of the hand of Powermaster Optimus Prime. In the city you can clearly see the Micromaster Overload, Erector and Hot House's base.
Dreamwave Productions
The More Than Meets The Eye biography for Groundshaker was written as if it was a report to Autobot command requesting a replacement for Groundshaker, because despite his abilities, Groundshaker was too much of a loose cannon.
Groundshaker appeared in as a major character in Dreamwave Productions Micromasters mini-series. In issue #1, "Destined For Nothing", Countdown and Groundshaker return from space to find the Autobot base largely abandoned. The first Autobots they encounter, Topspin and Twin Twist seem surprised to see them, and more surprised that Optimus Prime isn't with them. Countdown and Groundshaker are equally surprised that Optimus has not returned to Cybertron before they did. Countdown confronts Ultra Magnus and Fortress Maximus and informs them that Operation: Containment, an attempt to prevent the Decepticon threat from spreading beyond Cybertron, has failed. Countdown explains that the Decepticon Skystalker and his forces ravaged the peaceful planet, Paradron, and that the Autobots need to mount an intergalactic patrol force to prevent the same fate from befalling other worlds. Ultra Magnus and Fortress Maximus disagree, stating that Autobot forces are already underpowered and spread thin as it is. Groundshaker interrupts, belligerently demanding the Autobot command take action, before he is pulled from the room by Countdown. As Countdown and Groundshaker leave the command center, they overhear Big Daddy and his patrol griping about the day's events, which interests Countdown greatly. Big Daddy and company then confront Magnus and Maximus, upset that Crunch lost his life defending Roadbuster. The argument grows more heated, before Fortress Maximus orders the Hot Rod Patrol to turn in their weapons and dismisses them. [1]
Generation 1 Micromaster Groundshaker (1989)
A redeco of the Decepticon Whisper, Groundshaker came with an ATV which converted into a base. The ATV was redecoed into the Japanese exclusive toy Landshaker, but with a different mold for its Micromaster.[2]
↑ Transformers: Micromasters #1: "Destined For Nothing"
↑ Bellemo, Mark (2007). Transformers Identification and Price Guide. Krause Publications. p. 212. ISBN 978-0-89689-445-7.
http://www.tfu.info/1989/Autobot/Groundshaker/groundshaker.htm
Retrieved from "http://en.wikialpha.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Groundshaker_(Transformers)&oldid=18177"
Autobots
Dreamwave Productions characters
Fictional aircraft
Fictional characters introduced in 1989
Fictional commanders

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
HISTORY · TYPES · SCHEDULES · FITTING
CONTACT-LENS HISTORY
Different Basic TYPES of CL
WEARING SCHEDULES
REPLACEMENT SCHEDULES & DISPOSABLES
FITTING of a CL
Which is the IDEAL CL
A SHORT OVERVIEW OF CONTACT LENS TYPES AND HISTORY
Contact lenses are used in different types that have a different diameter and thus cover different parts of the ocular surface.
A short overview of Contact Lens TYPES and their HISTORY.
A short HISTORY of CONTACT LENSES
Contact lenses that were not restricted to mere phantasy but could actually be worn – however without much ´comfort´ – are around now for roughly one and a half centuries. Contact lenses were greatly improved during about the last 50 years, primarily due to the advent of new materials and other technological advancements.
The first contact lenses were scleral lenses made from glass
In the last quarter of the nineteenth century different people in Europe have worked on making a real contact lens, that is practically wearable.
This is associated with names like FICK, MÜLLER, KALT, GIRARD and probably others. Due to the restriction to ´natural´ materials, these lenses were made from glass blown spheres.
The spheres were later cut into a size with a diameter larger than the cornea because the cornea is very sensitive and it was immediately clear, that a contact lens would not be tolerated on the cornea. Therefore it had to rest on the surrounding scleral wall of the eye ball. Such contact lenses were thus termed "Scleral Contact Lenses". This name is valid until today … even though the Sclera is covered at the anterior side, i.e. at what is termed the ´Ocular Surface´, by the thin and almost translucent organ of the Conjunctiva. Scleral contact lenses thus practically rest on the conjunctiva of the eyeball, the bulbar conjunctiva, and not on the sclera..
These historic scleral contact lenses could only be worn for some few hours a day, and even then, it could be necessary to anesthetize the ocular surface by (topical) cocaine. But still, in principle a ´wearable´ contact lens was born by then.
Rigid lenses from PMMA polymer were the first artificial/´plastic´ lenses
In the end of the 1920s a new "artificial glass" material was developed. It is a polymer termed ´PolyMethyl MethAcrylate´ (PMMA). It is also known as ´Acrylic Glass´ or more often known under the brand name ´Plexiglas´. From the 1930s on, the first ´plastic´ lenses were manufactured from PMMA and slowly went into broader usage. In Germany the, then young, Contact Lens Pioneer Heinrich Wöhlk from Kiel, started experimental work on Contact Lenses from Plexiglas and in 1940 he produced the first fully ´plastic´ contact lens. As a dedicated inventor he tried the lens on his own eyes. As he had a severe hyperopia, and found that this new PMMA material had a superior wearing comfort compared to the previous glass blown and cut lenses.
1946 Heinrich Wöhlk started his company that manufactured the first Rigid Plastic Contact Lenses at home in a garage style environment – very much like about 30 years later the personal computer pioneers started with their foundations. Wöhlk is still a leader in Contact Lens Technology and manages to hold the full range of material supply and manufacturing in-house.
The term ´plastic´ may be misleading to some extend, because the plasticity of these lenses was quite limited and they were similarly hard as glass-lenses. They share with glass also the disadvantage that PMMA is completely impermeable for oxygen. Therefore the cornea can only get enough oxygen and nutrients when the lenses are sufficiently movable to allow continuous tear exchange under the contact lens and when the wearing time is restricted during daytime ... at most.
Hypoxia of the cornea in contact lens wear can typically lead to neovascularization of the corneal margin vessels
Hypoxia of the corneal tissue underneath the contact lens leads to typical changes. Most obvious and well-known is probably the progressed growth of the vessels of the marginal limbal arcade. Normally the vessels stop at the beginning of the cornea but when the cornea becomes hypoxic, i.e. has a lack of oxygen, the vessels grow onto the cornea to bring oxygen closer to the center. This is termed as ´Neovascularization´. (please see the image).
Since PMMA contact lenses require a long adaptation period, a wearer of PMMA rigid corneal lenses must be really determined to use them
Today Rigid Gas Permeable (RGP) Contact Lenses are available ... but often receive less attention than they would deserve
In the 1980s stiff, e.g. rigid, materials with a very good oxygen permeability were developed. These lenses were thus termed ´Rigid Gas Permeable´ (RGP) contact lenses.
RGP contact lenses have a superior inert material quality, clarity and durability together with a high oxygen transmission
This seems to make up ideal characteristics … but they are still rigid – This means that a certain ´adaptation period´ of typically some or more days is necessary before they are tolerated without discomfort.
Rigid Gas Permeable lenses are definitely much better tolerable than the previous PMMA lenses. Therefore an individual must be only be somewhat determined to use this excellent lens type - which is still not too often the case compared to ´soft´lenses.
However in many cases a rigid material is preferable or even distinctly necessary, i.e.
for ´ironing out´ a moderate astigmatism or
for fitting toric lenses for high astigmatism that have different diopters in different axes, or
for ´bifocals´ or ´progressive contacts´ that are useful in presbyopia, and act similar to respective spectacles,
Then, RGP contact lenses are certainly the lens of choice. This applies also for fitting a contact lens in a patient with a protrusion of the cornea, termed keratoconus.
Soft hydrogels brought the opening of the mass-market for contact lenses
Contact lens materials that are less rigid, and thus more ´soft´, were developed in the 1960s by two Chech chemists (Wichterle and Limm) by the introduction of water into the polymer of the lens material - which was still typically based on PMMA.
The water in the polymer-material allowed for the oxygen transmission and also for the softness of the lens. Therefore oxygen transmission and flexibility were the greater the higher the water content of the lenses reached.
Well remembered, at least in Germany, are e.g. Soft Contact Lens Types such as ´Weflex 55´ and ´Geaflex 70´ from the end of the 1980s, where the number indicated the water content in percent. The water content in return pointed to the oxygen permeability, softness and potential duration of continuous wearing hours that could be expected. from the lens. These contact lenses from the famous smaller manufacturer Wöhlk, in the city of Kiel, were candidates for the first contact lens studies where members of the OSCB were involved. Both of these lenses set standards of excellent construction and wearability and they are still produced today.
SILICONE – the miracle molecule – allows high oxygen permeability without water
Because of the limited oxygen permeability of conventional hydrogels further research led in the 1990s to the introduction of SILICONE-Hydrogels into the mass market of soft contact lenses. Silicone has the great advantage that it has a very high oxygen permeability, higher than water itself. Silicone Contact Lenses thus improved or abolished alterations of the ocular surface due to lens-related hypoxia, such as progression of the marginal corneal (limbal) arcade vessels, onto the cornea.
Due to the very high oxygen permeability of silicone, the effective oxygen permeability in respective silicone hydrogel lenses is at least 10 times higher than in conventional hydrogels that were available at the time of silicone introduction. Silicone was thus the ´missing link´ for contact lenses to allow full ´extended wear´, i.e. overnight or even for many days without hypoxia of the cornea.
Pure Silicone is almost non-wettable – which made some material improvements necessary
On the other hand, silicone has a natural poor wettability by aqueous solutions.
This is conceivably the reason why silicone is typically used in wet bathroom environments to seal the space all around equipments such as bathtubs against water entry into the surrounding walls ...
Poor wettability may not appear as an immediately ideal characteristic for a contact lens that is swimming in the tear film. ... all day long ... and at night if necessary.
During the evolution of Silicone based contact lens materials over the last two decades, many advancements of material properties have been introduced.
Such material modifications of the silicone-hydrogels can be made either by introducing other materials into the polymer or by modifying the surface of the contact lens - the silicone-hydrogel contact lenses were thus technically ´convinced´ to acquire sufficient wettability. together with lower modulus, i.e. higher flexibility and softness. (please see below)
An example for material improvements of silicone hydrogels is the ´water-gradient-technology´ by ALCON Inc.. This technique provides a contact lens with a silicone core for the basic contact lens properties which gradually transforms to the surface into a polymer with a higher water content. It is proposed that parts of the polymer molecules at the lens surface are even able to form something like a functional equivalent to the water-binding glycocalyx molecules of the ocular surface cells.
Silicone lenses have a higher ´MODULUS´ – they are more stiff than ordinary Hydrogel Contact Lenses
Silicone has another important material characteristic that has lead to increased popularity of the term ´MODULUS´.. Modulus refers to the ´Stiffness´ of the lens material. Modulus is not exactly the same as ´Rigidity´ i.e. even though a silicone-hydrogel contact lens has a higher modulus it does not become as ´rigid´ lens as an RGP lens. But the effect of a higher modulus at least results in a lower flexibility of the lens on the eye and thus of higher mechanic interaction with the ocular surface tissues. Therefore the first silicone lenses could require a certain short adaptation time.
Generally, very thin Silicone Contact Lenses with an increased ´natural´ stiffness (modulus) have an increased risk for causing epithelial slits (SEALs). The risk is however only a few per cent of the users of such lenses and epithelial splits can also occasionally occur in conventional hydrogels without silicone. The risk for epithelial splits is therefore probably also related to the very thin lens design that may, even with a optimized geometry of the lens margin pose a higher risk to ´cut´ into the epithelium.
Which is the best Soft Contact Lens ?
Silicone lenses became the nowadays (almost) first choice not only for soft contact lenses but also for contact lenses in general. Silicone also offered the first really suitable contact lenses for EXTENDED WEAR - which refers to overnight wear - without too much risk of corneal anoxia and respective damage. However, also the ´conventional´ hydrogel contact lenses without silicone have seen a lot of refinements in material and lens geometry, so that the question for the ´BEST´ Soft Hydrogel Lens is not easy to answer.
Different Basic TYPES of Contact Lenses
Different TYPES of Contact Lenses on the Ocular Surface
For most contact lens wearers the choice of lenses comes basically down to 2 types
The wearing experience with a contact lens most influenced by two parameters of Contact Lenses.
SIZE – of the lens, i.e. how large is it on the eye and
MATERIAL – i.e. is it ´hard´ or ´soft´
These parameters are typically linked, therefore the effective range of basic contact lens TYPES is relatively easy to overview ... if specialty lenses are excluded.
In fact, for most users, the variety of contact lenses basically comes down to two types that differ in their ´comfort´ - which typically does not refer to long term satisfaction and tissue compatibility, but to the fact whether or not the contact lens is initially distinctly felt as a foreign body on the eye and thus needs a certain adaptation time ... or not. So, the typical contact lens wearer just distinguishes between ´HARD´ (i.e. rigid and small) and ´SOFT´(i.e. hydrogel and corneo-scleral) Contact Lenses ... and everything else goes without saying.
If we integrate the large scleral lenses, for historical reasons and because they have developed into a high-tech and versatile medical tool for several kinds of chronic ocular surface conditions it would make sense to have a view at at least THREE TYPES of Contact Lenses:
Scleral Contact Lenses – ´The Tall´
Historically, the first contact lenses were very large in order to vault over the cornea and rest on the sclera. These lenses were stiff, because in the old days nothing soft was available, and they have continued to be manufactures as stiff or rigid lenses because this is necessary to produce the vault.
More recently many high-tech advancements were achieved for scleral lenses that allowed many improvements in fitting and wearing. ´Sclerals´ offer promising medical advancements in many medical indications as will be discussed in more detail below.
Corneal Contact Lenses – ´The Rigid´
Small contact lenses with a diameter smaller than the cornea are the other extreme ... compared to scleral lenses. The material properties have changed from glass over PMMA-plastic to nowadays highly oxygen permeable polymers. They are now the basis for the standard type of small rigid gas permeable (RGP) contact lenses. The characteristics of ´small´ and ´rigid´ typically address these small corneal contact lenses.
Corneoscleral Contact Lenses – ´The Soft´
´Intermediate´ size refers to a size larger than the cornea but not so far onto the bulbar conjunctiva as the large sclerals reach. These lenses are termed corneo-scleral lenses and they typically reach onto or just beyond the corneal limbus. This was the ´final´ step in contact lens development when soft hydrogels became available. These lenses nowadays have the widest distribution with over 90% market share. So eventually SOFT & CORNEO-SCLERAL is another and the most frequent combination of contact lens characteristics of size and material.
WEARING-SCHEDULES-and-DISPOSABLE-Contact-Lenses
Contact lenses are typically worn during daytime activity when visual acuity is important and they are thus taken out overnight when the eye is closed and vision is no longer relevant. Therefore daytime wear is the standard wearing schedule and overnight wear is termed as ´extended´ wear.
Daytime Wear
This wearing schedule with limited daytime wearing hours was historically dictated by ocular surface sensitivity because the glas contact lenses very uncomfortable and could hardly be worn longer than some few hours. The later plexiglas (PMMA polymer) materials and particularly soft hydrogel lenses were were much more comfortable to wear but then the metabolic factors in terms of oxygen supply became relevant for limitation of wearing time. Plexiglas is completely impermeable to oxygen which became better when water was introduced in the newly developed hydrogel materials but the oxygen supply was still too limited for more than daytime wear. Even then too long wearing hours or heroic customs to perform ´extended wear´ with ordinary hydrogels typically resulted in corneal hypoxia with neovascularization of the limbal vascular arcades.
Extended Wear refers to the continuous wear of a contact lens during 24 hours including sleep with closed eyes.
Some of these extended wear lenses can even be worn for several days in a row, up to one month - This is sometimes called ´CONTINUOUS WEAR´.
Extended wear became possible only with the advent of the extremely oxygen permeable silicone hydrogels in the end 1990s.
Replacement Schedules & Disposable Contact Lenses
Simplified manufacturing methods and mass production have allowed it to offer Disposable Contact Lenses at affordable prices. Disposable contact lenses are thrown away after wearing them … and the next time when the user decides to wear a contact lens, i.e. probably next morning, a completely new and clean lens is used.
The term disposable is not completely new
The term disposable is not completely new, because basically contact lens have always been disposed after a certain time. The term of a ´disposable contact lens´ only applies to soft hydrogel materials because ´rigid gas permeable´ contact lenses have an excellent material stability and typically do not age that much as soft hydrogels.
´Ordinary´ (soft hydrogel) contact lenses in former times were disposed when they had accumulated too many alterations and damage over time
due to aging processes of the material itself, with loss of water content, increasing degrees of stiffness, fissures and splits or other destructions of the contact lens margin
due to the accumulation of depositions on the lens - typically with materials from the Tear Film such as proteins or lipids or jelly bumps. Depositions can, apart from building up on the surface of the lens, also alter the material of the lens and introduce holes as can occur in jelly bumps. Bacterial contamination with biofilms are difficult to clean away and must also be considered as ´deposits´, apart from their potentially infectious nature.
The difference in explicit ´Disposable Lenses´ mainly is, that these are regularly disposed based on a fixed schedule independent of actual ageing or alterations. In fact, the basic idea is, that these contact lenses are replaced before ageing and with loss of some main quality characteristics.
There are contact lenses with different material properties and prices for different replacement schedules
There are contact lenses with different material properties and prices for different wearing schedules i.e. ´Day´ , ´week´, ´month´ and ´year´ contact lenses. This nomenclature indicates, after which time periode the lenses have to be replaced.
The easiest case is a daily lens, because there a new contact lens is inserted every morning.
The ´year´ lenses basically refer to ordinary soft hydrogel lenses because a hydrogel contact lens had always typically seen its best times after a time of about one year and needed to be replaced by then
Week, 14 day and month lenses have an intermediate replacement date.
Generally a contact lens can be made the thinner and thus often more comfortable to wear the shorter the wearing schedule is.
The replacement schedules for disposable lenses do not necessarily include ´Extended Wear´ overnight Capability
However, these ´ordinary´ wearing schedules do not necessarily include ´extended wear´ characteristics, i.e. the option to wear the contact lens overnight - not even in the ´daily´ lenses. This is because the oxygen supply is strongly decreased by the closure of the eyelids overnight.
Therefore, in every Replacement Schedule that is longer than 1 day, the contact lenses still have to be cleaned and then stored overnight in a container. This leaves the principal risk of problems with deposits, hygiene and bugs ... but all these issues are reduced - the more the shorter the replacement schedule is.
An extended wear schedule requires a contact lens with a very high oxygen permeability. This is typically only available in silicone-hydrogel contact lenses, which tended to be higher-priced than ordinary hydrogel lenses. Meanwhile there are also Disposable Silicon-Hydrogel Contact Lenses available - a contact lens type that is disposable and highly oxygen permeable and thus suitable for extended wear of apparently even up to 30 days. The first disposable silicone hydrogel is the ´True Eyes´ from Johnson and Johnson.
Disposable Contact Lenses … make all the Hygiene so much easier
A daily disposable is the best hygienic option to avoid infections
Thereby Disposable Contact Lenses or lenses for longer replacement schedules but with continuous wear and thus without clearing and storage improve some important issues of Contact Lens hygiene.
From the aspect of HYGIENE, a daily disposable contact lens that does not need cleaning and storage after wear is certainly the best option.
Frequently changed Disposables also reduce the Risk for Contact Lens Associated Papillary Conjunctivitis
Disposable Lenses do not only reduce infectious contaminations but also LENS DEPOSITS of tear film components. Such depositions can act negative in different ways:
they represent a mechanical stumbling block and that increases mechanical friction of the lens onto the tissue
the deposited materials, even though they derive primarily from the own tear film, often induce a hypersensitive allergic response because the material is denatured and thus different from the normal structure. Chronic mechanic and antigenic irritation of the tarsal conjunctiva can typically lead to a condition termed ´Giant Papillary Conjunctivitis (GPC), that was originally discovered and described by Donald KORB from Boston, in Contact Lens Wearers. GPC can however also occur due to other stimuli of foreign material, such as sutures that are exposed at the surface or a keratoprosthesis. A newer term that describes specifically Contact Lens Associated Papillary Conjunctivitis is abbreviated as CLPC or CLAPC. As a difference to conventional Ocular Allergy, this contact lens associated form is not related to or based on an Immunoglobulin E (IgE) mediated allergic process.
Apparently other, previously unknown complications, may now occur in Disposable Lenses
It must not be forgotten that a used disposable contact lens must in fact be removed and disposed before applying a new one ...
This may seem of no relevance but recently there was a report in the British Medical Journal about a patient who was seen in the eye clinic for cataract surgery. This happened to be an experienced contact lens wearer who had used contact lenses for decades.
During closer investigation of the eye before surgery, a peculiar mass was uncovered from the inscrutable depth of the conjunctival sac.
It turned out to be an accumulation of dozens of disposable contact lenses, that had become stacked one over the other (please see the image). After more careful further investigation, altogether 27 retained disposable contact lenses were uncovered from the conjunctival sac.
Surprisingly all these retained lenses had not caused any major discomfort to the patient - which may probably give some indication, how far a contact lens adaptation process can reach.
We may hope that this is an isolated case ... but ... when you are nex time looking for your contact lens you may consider to have a look into the eye.
WHICH is the IDEAL Contact Lens ?
Which is the ideal Contact Lens? Which Contact Lens should I chose? Which is the right contact lens for me?
The choice of Contact Lenses for most wearers basically ends up with two types of Soft Lenses – Conventional Hydrogels and Silicone Hydrogels
The question about the BEST Contact Lens would put a potential judge similarly in trouble as it once happened to the poor shepherd PARIS, who was the son of the legendary king of the legendary city of Troy. He was asked to chose for the most beautiful one among the three Greek goddesses HERA, ATHENA and APHRODITE ... of whom one was more beautiful and tempting then the other ... not to tell about the potential anger of those who would have to be rejected ........ The fact that he had to inspect them nude is probably evidence, that he may have been an early morphologist. We don´t tell here what Paris did but stick to contact lenses, which is probably safer.
In order to make the situation even more delicate, each of the goddesses promised Paris a tempting reward in order to convince him to vote for her. In case of contact lenses, Hydrogelia would probably promise ´eternal wettablia´, Siliconia would likely promise ´total oxyphilia´ whereas Rigidia would probably promise ´eternal inert stabilia´ ........ hmmmmm, how about that ?
Two lines of evidence presently make most contact lens wearers end up with one of two types of potentially appropriate contact lenses.
One line of evidence is the fact that the Rigid Gas Permeable (RGP) contact lenses have many superior material properties … BUT … they are ´rigid´ and thus require a certain adaptation period of some or more days.
This makes them uninteresting for most potential wearers who just want to wear a contact lens with immediate and full comfort and satisfaction without any further considerations.
Immediate comfort appears more important for most contact lens wearers than a potential long term tissue compliance of the contact lens with the ocular surface tissue that can only be judged in the long run and by an experienced clinician based on ´hard data´.
Therefore personal preferences, i.e. mostly comfort, are important and bring us closer to the answer of the initial question of ´WHICH is the BEST Contact Lens´
The other line of evidence is the great evolution of soft contact lens materials including of the highly oxygen permeable but initially rather stiff and poorly wettable silicone. This has lead to a great improvement of CONVENTIONAL Hydrogels as well as of SILICONE Hydrogels, that still have superior oxygen permeability.
The two types of SOFT contact lenses are relatively similar but still have some slight differences in material and thus in characteristics, properties, pros and cons, and eventually indications for use.
Which is the ideal (soft) Contact Lens
When we have cut down question of the ´BEST Contact Lens´ by comfort to the best ´SOFT´ contact lens, then another issue becomes important and this is: ´PURPOSE´ – i.e. what do I need the contact lens for? or ... which Contact Lens characteristics do I need for my type of wear ?
A SILICONE contact lens is certainly of advantage when Oxygen is the main issue. This is the case when either a very long wearing time is intended, such as extended wear, probably for many days in a row - which is possible - some lenses are proposed for up to 30 full days and nights. The other case is that a prospective wearer has already worn contact lenses over a longer time and already has signs of corneal hypoxia, such as progressed growth (´neovacularization´) of the peripheral marginal arcade vessels at the limbus. Since the growth of these vessel cannot be reversed and further growth may impair the corneal transparency, the use of contact lenses is then typically suggested to be discontinued ... or potentially silicone lenses could be tried as a ´last choice´ with frequent follow up controls.
Many other things can be of importance i.e. the volume of tears in patients with Dry Eye Disease which requires a highly wettable lens.
The composition of the tears can play a role. If there is a high content of proteins or lipids (normal or altered in MGD) a lens should be chosen that does not tend to pick up this material. In Dry Eye Disease there are also often increased amount of cell debris from the continuous micro-trauma of the surface within the tear film. Depending on IF and WHICH deposits occur (lipid or protein) the lens type can be chosen to decrease the rate of deposition of that particular substance.
The principally higher modulus, i.e. stiffness of Silicone lenses is grossly ameliorated by improved material technologies. If the issue really is optimal Oxygen permeability, then a slightly increased stiffness does not represent any major problem.
What is the best quality contact lens – Immediate comfort vs. longterm tissue compatibility
The question for the ´best´ Contact Lens is almost impossible to answer because there is a multitude of potential criteria. Therefore it makes some sense to narrow it down by integrating ´for the eye´. to ask ´Which is the best Contact Lens for Ocular Health and Integrity´. This is still difficult to answer.
There are probably at least to important criteria that are, however, somewhat different:
Immediate comfort
The appreciation of a wearer for a contact lens is typically driven by the immediate comfort. It is not difficult to guess this from the overwhelming market share of soft contact lenses that basically do not require any adaptation time to get used to a contact lens on the eye. - ´ If I don't ´feel it it must be a good lens ! ´
Longterm tissue compatibility
The other issue that comes closer to the topic of ´best for the eye´ refers to something distinctly different which is the influence of the lens on the tissue health and integrity. - This ends up as : ` What we need is hart clinical data from many follow ups´
Who is judging what ?
Whereas the wearing comfort can only be decided by the wearer himself, the influence on the tissue can typically better or only be answered by a clinician on the basis of ´hard´ clinical evidence from respective tests and signs. Also, a qualified judgement on the tissue compatibility can often better be answered after a longer wearing time and by overview of a larger patient cohort.
The reason is, that some signs of tissue alteration such as e.g. ´epithelial splits´ (a specific type of erosions) may occur immediately or early but even then a larger patient cohort is necessary because the may only occur in a small number of patients. Other indications of a negative contact lens impact on the tissue such as e.g. signs of corneal hypoxia in the form of limbal blood vessel neovascularization or decompensation of the corneal endothelium typically take a longer time in the range of years, even though they are potentially severe and should not be overlooked.
Some Considerations for Contact Lens FITTING
A Contact Lens must be fitted to the radius of curvature and to the size-diameter of the cornea … to swim freely in the Tear Film
In order to swim freely within the pre-ocular tear film a contact lens has to be fitted as closely as possible to the shape of the underlying tissue - which is in most cases the cornea. Such fitting is the prerequisite, that the lens can be worn with minimal mechanical interference (in terms of pressure and friction) on the ocular surface.
The two main technical parameters for fitting a contact lens are
Radius of Curvature of the Cornea that has to be translated into the ´base curve´ of the contact lens
Size diameter of the lens that depends on the type of contact lens and the intended wearing characteristics.
Both, the Diameter as well as the Radius, distinctly influence the fit of a contact lens on the eye. This relates to a loose or tight fit, to the amount of movement during the blink that influences the tear exchange under the lens, and to the (unwanted) potential mechanical interaction of the lens with the tissue.
Typically it is aimed to achieve a parallel fit where the shape of the contact lens approximates that of the underlying tissue as closely as possible, so that the lens has everywhere the same distance to the tissue. The weight of the lens and the resulting pressure is then most equally distributed across the surface of the contact lens. Depending on the actual contact lens type and the applied fitting principle some changes to this ´rule of thumb´ are possible.
The less flexible and the larger a Contact Lens is, the more exact the fitting must be
The less flexible and the larger a Contact Lens is , the more exact the fitting must be - This must however not be translated into the reverse conclusion, that a very flexible lens or probably all ´soft´ contact lenses do not need appropriate fitting. This is not very advisable.
Since every eye is different and every contact lens basically always is a ´foreign body´ on the ocular surface, there is no ´one fits for all´ in contact lenses and every contact lens must be fitted as precisely as possible.
When the base curve/ RADIUS of the contact lens is too different from the curvature of the cornea on which it sits this will distinctly influence the fit of the lens on the eye. Typically the fit and movement of the contact lens is impaired, and such a lens, in return, can exert negative influences on the ocular surface.
When the contact lens is radius too steep compared to the cornea, it will sit too tight and does not move sufficiently. The periphery of the lens, i.e. the contact lens margin, exerts too much pressure on the eye and can leave imprinting marks in the epithelium, that can be seen when the lens is removed or when it is slightly move by a finger.
When the contact lens radius is too flat, it will sit very loose and is unstable. Such a lens will typically rest just with its middle part on the cornea and thus exerts pressure on the corneal center.
The size of DIAMETER of the contact lens also has influence on the fit,
The size of DIAMETER of the contact lens also has a certain influence on the fit of the contact lens even when the base curve remains the same. A larger lens (with the same base curve) tend to fit tighter and move less, whereas a smaller contact lens (with the same base curve) tends to fit more loosely and moves more.
Fluorescein vital stain can be of great help for contact lens fitting
In contact lenses that tolerate the application of fluorescein vital stain without taking it permanently up (which is unluckily not possible in many soft lenses), the tear film behind the contact lens can be nicely stained. It can be directly seen how intensely stained, i.e. deep, the retro-lental tear layer is – which translates into the distance from the tissue. A parallel fit would shows a homogeneously stained retro-lental color and thus tear film thickness. Depending on the actual lens design and the intended fitting strategy, there can be some modifications for optimal contact lens fit.
Some general considerations about the ocular surface condition and tears are certainly also necessary for fitting
As mentioned earlier, it is of course important to take note of the ocular surface situation and tear film parameters – This includes the: Diagnostic Techniques that are used for the Evaluation of Dry Eye Disease:
tear volume, often measured easiest by estimating the tear meniscus height
tear film stability
Dry Eye Symptoms
viscosity of the tear film
cell detritus in the tear film
experience with deposition of materials on previous contact lenses
etc ...
evidence of pre-existing signs of hypoxia, e.g. neovascularization of the limbal vascular net
evidence of pre-existing signs of epithelial microtrauma as seen by vital staining
at the bulbar surface
at the posterior lid margin (as Lid Wiper Epitheliopathy, LWE)
corneal irregularities
ectasia, keratokonus
PURPOSE and WEARING SCHEDULE
time of daily wear
possibly extended wear
disposable lenses
higher diopters that may require thicker lens materials
higher astigmatism


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NHS hospitals spend £2m on gagging orders preventing staff speaking out
https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/health-news/nhs-hospitals-spend-ps2m-gagging-orders-preventing-staff-speaking-out-8654716.html?
Tory MP, Steve Barclay, accuses NHS chief Sir David Nicholson of either failing to ask questions about the orders or being 'complicit in a cover-up'
Hospitals have spent £2 million on more than 50 gagging orders preventing staff speaking out, a Freedom of Information Act request has revealed.
Tory MP Steve Barclay, who obtained the figures, accused NHS chief Sir David Nicholson of either failing to ask questions about the orders or being "complicit in a cover-up".
Sir David will retire as NHS England's chief executive next year but Mr Barclay said he should stand down now because the culture in the health service had to change.
It was reported last night that at least 52 staff have been silenced using the orders since 2008, some of which cost as much as £500,000. All are thought to contain confidentiality clauses.
Mr Barclay is a member of the influential Commons spending watchdog the Public Accounts Committee (PAC), which Sir David is due to appear in front of today.
In March, Health Secretary Jeremy Hunt banned the use of gagging clauses in compromise agreements after it emerged that NHS hospital trusts had spent £15 million on silencing almost 600 staff.
But those figures did not include "judicially mediated" settlements, under which a hospital reached an agreement with staff which was then signed off by a judge or senior lawyer rather than the Department of Health or Treasury, meaning that the Government had no chance to block them.
North East Cambridgeshire MP Mr Barclay told The Daily Telegraph: "It is simply not plausible that the man who was supposed to be running the NHS was seemingly unaware that employees threatening to speak out were being offered golden goodbyes in return for a vow of silence."
The Daily Telegraph reported that Sir David told MPs in March that he had only come across one of the orders.
But Mr Barclay said: "As the accounting officer who has presided over this culture he is either complicit in a systemic cover-up or has failed to ask questions. If he knew about them he has misled Parliament.
"The culture in the NHS needs to change, he has to stand down now. What patient safety concerns have been covered up (by these gagging orders)? How many lives have been put at risk?"
A Department of Health spokesman said the system had been changed so that all severance payments were properly scrutinised and staff were made aware of their whistle-blowing rights.
The spokesman said: "Judicial mediation payments do not mean that someone is gagged - it is a way of resolving a dispute and suitable cases for this are decided on by a judge.
"The Department did not collect data on these payments prior to February 2013. This has now changed - all non-contractual severance payments, whether via judicial mediation or another means, need to be scrutinised by a national body and they will not be recommended for Treasury approval unless the NHS can show that they have made staff fully aware of their legal right to blow the whistle.
"Judicial mediation payments cannot prevent staff from speaking out about matters on patient safety or in the public interest - NHS staff are protected by the law, regardless of when their payment was made and whether or not it was via judicial payment or any other means.
"The Health Secretary has been absolutely clear that "gagging" is illegal and it will not be tolerated."
Sir David said that "becoming the story" after the publication of the Francis report into the Mid-Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust scandal contributed to his decision to retire.
Campaigners called for the under-fire boss to be sacked after publication of the report into serious failings at the trust.
Sir David, who has worked in the health service for 35 years, was in charge of the regional health authority responsible for Stafford Hospital for a short period while patients were being mistreated.


The Brooklyn Bridge was built between 1869 and 1883 and was opened in May 1883. It was the first bridge in the world to be suspended by steel. For a while, the Brooklyn Bridge was the only connection between Manhattan and Brooklyn. If you walk over the bridge from Brooklyn to Manhattan, you'll have a wonderful view of the skyline of New York.
The Brooklyn Bridge was designed by John August Roebling who died as a result of an accident during the construction of the bridge before it was completed. After his death his son, Washington Roebling, took over. He too had an accident, which made it impossible for him to coordinate the construction of the bridge. He continued to follow the construction of the bridge from his apartment with a telescope and was assisted by his wife Emily Warren Roebling. She helped with the communication between Washington Roebling and the construction workers. During construction, tragically 27 other people died. On May 24th, 1883, the Brooklyn Bridge was officially opened. Emily Warren Roebling was the first to cross the bridge, and 1,800 vehicles and 150,300 pedestrians followed her that day. At that time, the Brooklyn Bridge was the only connection between Manhattan and Brooklyn.
When the Brooklyn Bridge was built it cost $ 19 million. In 2007 this amount was equivalent to $320 million. Fun fact: Six days after the opening rumours arose about the stability of the bridge, it was said that it would collapse. To prove the rumours wrong, circus man P.T. Barnum paraded 21 elephants over the bridge the following year.
Nowadays an average of 120,000 cars, 4,000 pedestrians and 2,600 cyclists cross the Brooklyn Bridge every day.
The Brooklyn Bridge has evolved over the years to become both an attraction and symbol of New York. The best way to see the Brooklyn Bridge is on foot. It is best to walk across the Brooklyn Bridge to Manhattan so you can enjoy the view of the New York skyline. An advantage of this is also that the bridge is slightly sloped in this direction. This takes approximately 45 minutes but allow for more time as you will want to take photos.
Take metro line A or C to High St. in Brooklyn. From here you can follow the signs for "Brooklyn Bridge". The entrance to the bridge is on Washington Street.
Another great way to explore the bridge is by renting a bike and cycling over it. If you'd rather go on a guided tour and learn about the history of the Brooklyn Bridge while you cross the bridge, read more here.
When you want to visit the Brooklyn Bridge and Brooklyn Bridge Park, the following walking route is really nice. Start by taking the subway to High Street – Brooklyn Bridge Station. When you arrive here, walk towards the water, along Middagh Street. At the end of this street, go right on Columbia Heights and at the end turn left. You'll find Brooklyn Bridge Park straight ahead. After, you can either walk to the entrance of the Brooklyn Bridge, or stay in the park and head towards Jane's Carousel. Here, you are also close to Washington Street, where you can take your own iconic photo of the Manhattan Bridge with the Empire State Building in the background. Then continue all the way along Washington Street, which ends at the Brooklyn Bridge Walkway Entrance.
The name 'Brooklyn' comes from the Dutch town Breukelen. Brooklyn is one of the most relaxing areas in New York. It is also one of the most multicultural areas of the city. Every culture has its own little neighbourhood in Brooklyn.
In Brooklyn, you can enjoy an ice cream at The Brooklyn Ice Cream Factory next to the bridge. Enjoy the view of the Brooklyn Bridge, the Manhattan skyline and the Statue of Liberty at the establishment on the Fulton Ferry Pier. Of course you can also drink a milkshake or have a cup of coffee. There is also an establishment on 97 Commercial Street near Manhattan Avenue.
Are you really hungry or simply want to eat good pizza? Go to Juliana's on 19 Old Fulton Street. If you only want a drink, you'll find many bars in Brooklyn.
The Brooklyn Bridge Park is an ideal place for you to take a break from the hustle and bustle of Manhattan. You can also go sunbathing or swimming, if the weather permits, at the swimming pool. The Pop-Up Pool can be found between Pier 1 and 2 in Brooklyn Bridge Park.
Eric's Tip: If you don't want to do too much walking, choose to take the NYC Ferry over the water. It only takes a couple of minutes to get from Manhattan to Pier 1 in Brooklyn Bridge Park. On the way you have a great view of the skyline and the Brooklyn Bridge.


Jon Stewart is just as horrified as you over the shocking video footage that emerged over the weekend showing a white police officer pointing a gun at a group of black teenagers during a Texas pool party.
The video from Friday's pool party, which shows officer Eric Casebolt waving a gun at the teenagers and even throwing a 14-year-old girl to the ground while she cries for help, has provoked national outrage over what many say is another example of excessive, racially-motivated policing.
But Jessica Williams, dressed in full-body armor, appeared on Monday to point out rather depressingly, the incident is actually an improvement in terms of police-community relations.


text:
Dressing Down: Private Life and the Dressing Gown, 1890-1950
Pastimes, Decoupage
and Scrapbooking
Handle with Care:
From Baroness to Laundress
PSNC 84.77
SILK DRESSING GOWN WITH EMBROIDERED BODICE Provenance unknown, c. 1910-1930
Undetermined maker
Gift of Mrs. Elizabeth Morris Smith
PSNC 1998.02.04
CHILD'S SILK DAY DRESS
American, c. 1905
Gift of Mr. Nino D. Scotti
In this vignette, the French brass carriage clock on the breakfast tray has just struck 9:00am and the lady of the house, in her role as mother, makes time over her morning tea to hear of her young daughter's plans for an active summer's day, including a children's luncheon party at 1:00pm. She greets her daughter after rising from her late 19th century French giltwood Louis XV style chaise and setting aside her recently delivered breakfast tray and Spode porcelain tea service. This chaise belonged originally to Frederick Vanderbilt -- brother of Cornelius Vanderbilt II of The Breakers and William K. Vanderbilt of Marble House -- and was used at his Hyde Park, NY estate on the Hudson River. The Spode service belonged to Mrs. William Greenough, a great beauty of the Gilded Age often depicted by society portrait artist Paul César Helleu, who divided her time between New York, Paris, and Newport. Mrs. Greenough's father, architect Whitney Warren, designed New York's Grand Central Terminal in 1913.
The declining popularity of corsetry in fashion, combined with the growing recognition among educators of the importance of play and freedom of movement in children's development, resulted in less restrictive and less formal clothing for both adults and children in the 20th century. This little girl's dress reflects a well-to-do childhood with changes of clothes for school, play, and formal events, whereas middle-class children might have had only one or two outfits for each occasion. White cotton in a variety of weights and weaves was the most popular choice for both boys' and girls' clothing during this period because it could withstand the aggressive laundering techniques that would have been administered by members of an upper class household staff. This was in contrast to the fragile silks, lace, and embroidery of a lady's dressing gown, which required specialty care to maintain their perfectly ethereal appearance. Dressing gowns for women mimicked changing daywear fashions, and the raised waistline of the mother's dressing gown is exemplary of this shift away from the lower placement of the corseted waistline earlier in the Victorian period.
Photography by Al Weems


text:
Ally TIME Dealer of the Year
Robert "Sandy" Sansing
Daphne, Alabama
"The most rewarding aspect of my business is seeing a young person succeed."
"The most rewarding aspect of my business is seeing a young person succeed," nominee Sansing said. "I recognize the value of each person, and I know that my success is based on the success of my team. Being able to help them grow their knowledge and income - and teach others - truly makes the fruits of my labor sweeter."
Sansing is 1965 graduate of Pensacola High School in Pensacola. He attended Pensacola Junior College (now known as Pensacola State College) and earned a B.S. in accounting in 1969 from the University of West Florida, also in Pensacola, where he received a golf scholarship and graduated with honors. He also served in the United States Army Reserve from 1969 to 1975.
After taking a job with a "Big 4" accounting firm after college, Sansing moved into sales with the Burroughs Corporation in 1971. "I oversaw a territory but was also responsible for carrying a 29-pound adding machine door-to-door to different companies while trying to sell accounting and business equipment," he remembered. In 1974, he founded Digital Systems of Florida with a friend and worked tirelessly to build the business before selling it to a software company in 1980.
Sansing was looking for a new challenge when in 1986, he bought a Chevrolet dealership in Pensacola. "I was excited and nervous as I had zero experience in the automobile business," he said. "I had a very tough learning curve, but I quickly figured out that to be the best, I had to surround myself with the best people." Sansing acquired more dealerships, and today, owns multiple stores in Florida, Alabama and Mississippi, representing brands BMW, Chevrolet, Ford, Lincoln, Mazda, MINI, Nissan and Toyota. His son and son-in-law both have leadership roles in the auto group, and he has received numerous awards for sales and customer service from the auto companies he represents.
Sansing's roots in Pensacola are deep and he is very involved in civic and community activities in the area, but his philanthropy also extends to the global arena. He is proud of his association with World Help, a Christian humanitarian organization, for which he has been a board member and has made multiple mission trips to China, India, Guatemala and Africa. "On one trip to Rwanda and Uganda, my world was changed when I saw the violence and poverty affecting the people," he said. He worked with World Help to fund a school in Uganda that trains young people in specific vocations and trades that they can use to make money and support their families. "More than 300 students per year who have escaped from rebel slave camps are given a hope and a future," Sansing said. "Returning to the village and seeing the impact on their lives is by far the most important and meaningful award from my business success."
On a local level, Sansing sponsors Communities Caring at Christmas, which delivers Christmas presents to more than 10,000 underprivileged children; Cram the Van, an annual drive that collects school supplies for needy children in Escambia and Santa Rosa counties; and STEM ﴾Science, Technology, Engineering and Math﴿, for which he has donated money to train teachers and buy laptops in the Escambia County school district.
"I give a very large amount of money away annually to various nonprofit organizations," Sansing said. "I know that I have been very blessed and think that it is my responsibility to help others." Other groups he supports with his leadership and resources include the Fellowship for Christian Athletes; Big Oak Ranch (Alabama ranch for children in need); Gulf Coast Kid's House (children's advocacy center in Escambia County); ARC
Gateway (a Pensacola group that provides education and training for individuals with developmental disabilities); and many others. He also provides scholarships for Pensacola State College and the University of West Florida.
For his community involvement, Sansing has been honored with numerous awards. The most meaningful to him is the Ethics in Business Award from the combined Rotary Clubs of Pensacola and the University of West Florida College of Business, which he received in 2011. "Thirteen different Rotary clubs voted and I was selected as the leader that best exhibits ethics in business," he said. "Those that work with me know that I will always choose doing the right thing over a car deal, and I have tried to stress this message to all of my employees."
Sansing was nominated for the TIME Dealer of the Year award by Theodore L. Smith, president of the Florida Automobile Dealers Association. He and his wife, Peggy, have two children and five grandchildren.


The Soonet BBS > Bulletin Boards > The Soapbox > True or false?
I am always suspicious about stories like this.
at zero gravity (ink won't flow down to the writing surface). To solve this problem, it took them one decade and $12 million.
including crystal and in a temperature range from below freezing to over 300 degrees C. And what did the Russians do...??
Have one of those Fisher pens, works ok but nothing to get excited about.
I was wondering where one would sit down and calmly write a letter in 300 degree Celsius weather.
Do you believe Galileo actually made it to crash into Jupiter?


she gave him such a look — ¡lo miró de una manera …!
I bought this — let's have a look — compré esto — ¿a ver?
On the way back they'd spotted a car on a forecourt so we all had to trundle back over there for a closer look.
During the day, if they wish, they can have a closer look behind the stage on one of the regular tours that take place.
There must be scores of former tenants who would welcome a look inside before modernisation.
One look in the mirror, two days later, and I was horrified.
If the plants generally look good to you, pick up a few likely specimens and have a closer look.
We went and had a look - it appeared to be very old, but the safety pin was out so that in the interests of safety we had to cordon off the Square.
Pull over to the side of the road for a closer look, and you will find these seals amiable enough to photograph.
I had a look in the mirror earlier, and, although you might not believe this, I was even whiter than usual.
Tom had brought his patrol vehicle so the children could have a closer look.
Security personnel had to struggle a bit to restrain those who wanted to surge forward and have a closer look.
So this morning I took my binoculars into the garden to try and get a closer look.
He laughed at the looks directed his way for the teasing, then went upstairs.
He seemed on edge and nervous, returning her looks with reassuring gazes that were none too convincing.
That didn't stop her from sneaking looks at both Sam and Rosie as she pretended to be studying the menu.
I thought that the hem on my skirt was looking a bit frayed and decided to take a closer look.
And then something happens and you stop and look, the look becomes a gaze, the gaze a stare.
He cast a quick look over his shoulder.
He knelt down beside one of the bodies to take a closer look, and looked back up with a furrowed brow.
Every now and then someone would appear, but most of them didn't want books, they wanted a photograph or a closer look.
Perhaps you would like a closer look?
do you mind if I take a look around? — ¿le importa si echo un vistazo?
I glanced at Julia to exchange a look of disgust and found a strange expression on her face.
Jay nods and I see that his joking expression has been replaced with a look of sympathy.
To see him with such a pained worried look in his eyes; my heart gave a light twinge.
I was greeted by my father's look of confusion as I finished my task.
Instead her sympathetic looks were directed towards his back.
After taking a step back from him, she noticed the puzzled look crossing his face.
I looked up to the transmitter controller who had a look of complete disbelief.
The two teenagers wore worried looks upon their faces.
Another moan of terror brings him out of his reverie and he casts a worried look in her direction.
The pleading, concerned look in his eyes overwhelmed me.
Her parents both gave her stern questioning looks.
Stefan couldn't help but notice my look of disgust.
He saw his mother's look of disapproval, but chose to ignore it.
Anxious looks gave way to expressions of relief and then to quiet smiles of confidence.
Getting a laptop out on the top deck of a bus gets you some funny looks.
He cast a dirty look over his shoulder, then stopped by us.
Nicola and Caden exchanged worried looks before meeting her gaze, still not believing her.
Sam's eyes were on her, a look of confusion on his face.
She looked at Misha a little closer, and a look of pure fear crossed her face.
The cynical, bored and disinterested looks on the faces of the athletes should have sent a big message.
So when lawn edges become overgrown and tatty, it can have an adverse effect on the look of the whole garden.
And yes, in spite of their glowering looks and fierce demeanor, owls can be endearing.
Angry householders have claimed the historic look of their community is being ruined by the removal of cobblestones.
These vintage cars and motorcycles have retained their good looks and grace, though long past their prime.
Hand-made, their creations manage to retain the natural look, texture and colour.
The game has been designed for family viewing and has the look of an animated film.
Headteacher Nick Capstick will be examining the new look later today.
It has a bit of an old-fashioned look compared to some of its more dynamic rivals though, and this makes it harder to use in places.
There have been great reviews about the quality, the look and usability of our site.
The even better news is that bathroom accessories can be spray painted in the same colour for a co-ordinated look.
It's possibly the most accurate adaptation of a comic you'll get, in terms of the visual look and the narrative style.
These kitchen accessories will add a modern look to any kitchen.
Mr. Scanlon is planning extensive renovations to give the premises a modern look.
They are allowed to go in for the rustic look, like rope effect seats.
The seats are supremely comfortable, and the cabin has a real quality look and feel to it.
When the lighting is finally in place it will make a huge improvement to the look of the village.
Currently I am testing out a new look for the blog which seems to be an improvement on the default template.
She worked closely with athletes to ensure that the look of a garment never hindered its performance.
Coral, blue, brick red and yellow combine to lend a rustic look to versatile garments.
The building has been given a new look with two brightly coloured murals.
However, Kennelly says those who want to just flirt with the trend can get the look without having to splash much cash.
The new trend for a 1950s look is creeping in, accompanied by fuller skirts and wide belts.
Unlike mohair and go-go boots, some fashion looks never go out of style or out of season.
The March editions of Esquire, GQ and Arena are usually the fashion issues devoted to the new season's looks and trends.
It's also worth considering the kaftan, one of the most flattering looks to emerge from gypsy chic.
Check out these summer looks from the Replay fashion book I picked up in Barcelona.
The cut is also beautiful, and the look fashionable yet sophisticated.
Classic monochrome style proved the look of the day, as racegoers rose to the challenge of the weather.
This season's hottest fashion look is judged incomplete without a trio of large, colourful brooches.
No fashion look becomes a trend, of course, unless it is widely adopted.
You can experiment with trying on clothes, not to buy them, but to explore unlikely styles and looks.
It's a look most women over 35 would think twice about and then discard.
Their job is to translate these trends into a look which is up-to-the-minute, yet wearable and affordable.
This season, the unadorned look is more in vogue than ever in France.
Here, we've put together three stylish casual looks to illustrate the kinds of clothes on offer.
She looked good in her black trousers, but it was a casual rather than a fashionable look.
If these looks stay in fashion for the rest of my life I will never go out of fashion.
Tina keeps up to date with trends in nail art and promises she can do any look a customer might see in a magazine.
At the month's end there was much excitement as I unveiled my new look to the world.
With his dark curly hair and atypical looks, he was cast as Shakespeare's Richard III.
It was only after Eva started entering beauty contests that people began to notice her good looks.
Indeed given their looks, wealth and position, it is almost remarkable that none of them ever went through a wild or rebellious phase.
Lucy was perfect, blonde hair, not a hair out of place, tall, model looks and a friendly expression.
He used his looks to dazzle girls and was seeing up to four young women at one time.
Disliking one's looks appears to be more of a risk factor for boys than for girls.
Although they're practically perfect for the roles in terms of looks and demeanor, they bring nothing to the film.
It's commonly said that you are what you eat, and it might also be true that your looks are a direct reflection of your diet.
None of the guys that I had kissed before could compare in that department, nor could they compare in looks.
Talent and good looks rarely go hand in hand, and often when they do, it's the talent which gets elbowed into the background.
He is more famous in some quarters for his looks and fashion style than for his political programme.
He has the dark good looks necessary for heart-throb status but a question mark has always hung over his talent.
What he lacks in terms of looks, he more than makes up for with charisma.
He shows her as a politician who relied too much on her looks to get what she wants.
Becky, working as a governess, resorts to her good looks and alluring personality to move up in society.
He envied his good looks, his talent, and the amount of attention he got.
While admired for her looks and style, the empress never enjoyed the same degree of popularity as her husband.
With his blue-eyed gaze and daredevil looks, she knew this man was a force to be reckoned with.
With her PhD in animal behaviour, natural good looks and easy way with a camera, she's a natural.
The eating disorder transformed the schoolgirl with model looks into a wasted figure and she began to suffer bone disease and kidney failure.
Mobile phone users are less likely to look whether the road is clear before crossing.
You really should look where you're going. I could have run you down.
He walked along the street without looking where he put his feet.
look! a squirrel! — ¡mira! ¡una ardilla!
have you looked under the bed? — ¿has mirado debajo de la cama?
It looked like it was going to be one of those trips when we found everything but the grater I was looking for.
A spokeswoman for the council said it was looking into the latest situation.
The documentary looks into the latest research, and demonstrates what vitamins do to the body when taken in supplement form.
They added they were looking into two earlier deaths to determine whether they were caused by the disease.
He said he was looking into the case and was in contact with the Home Office.
It looked like Mitchell was looking for a good place to stop and that was it.
A fire investigation officer at the scene said they are still looking into what caused the fire.
Last time I borrowed one of her shoes she ripped apart my room looking for them.
They also want to speak to a stranger who appeared to be looking for her just four hours before she went missing.
Police and fire investigators are looking into a spate of suspicious fires in Braintree.
The inquiry will look into the catalogue of failings by police, health and social services.
The research, to be carried out over the next five years, looks into the impact of climate change on businesses and local authorities.
Mr Bill Addison was looking into the question of grants, but none would be available before April.
West Yorkshire Police is looking into her claims after she made a complaint.
The film also looks into what may be the root of the racial tension that exists between these two groups today.
When you are looking at each case individually, what are you looking for?
Police representatives confirmed that they would be looking into the problem.
The Government is looking into making second-home owners pay the full amount of council tax.
They should have been delivered leaflets via the Royal Mail and we are looking into why this has not happened.
She appeared to be looking for someone outside.
Investigators are looking into the incident but they are already treating it as suspicious.
When I got home I went around my room looking for a book I had to return to the Library.
He has been forced to try and find a residential buyer for the property, while the parish council looks into alternatives for providing a post office.
Cathy and Judy had gone off looking for plants that looked like they could be eaten.
Here we are, wandering lost in the woods, looking for anything that looked like a path.
A section of the report looks into reopening Otley Railway Station.
The Herald contacted the company for a comment, but it was still looking into the problem as the paper went to press.
When we were looking for girls for the band we didn't care what they looked like.
I was looking for some information about the history of the House of Commons.
Police are looking into the incident, but the dog is not expected to be put down.
We causally walked through the rooms looking for anything that might help in our journey.
In the 1960s he set up a research team which looked into the problems of football hooliganism.
I looked nervously around to see if anyone was looking at me, then back up the path toward her.
To my credit, I looked through the peephole before I let him in.
He was looking at her but he looked away quickly when he realized he'd been caught.
Mr Ellis had set up a training consultancy in Bath and the couple were looking to move out of London.
This is absolutely vital to the Club as it looks to expand facilities at Balla Town Park.
The young boy looked at his watch and he started to run faster.
We are looking to expand into the market and move beyond our core competency of racing games.
A spokesman for the company said it is looking to hold an open public meeting as soon as possible.
She looked away from the canopy to stare at Derek, who was looking at the picture.
Check first to see who the caller is by looking through a window or a door viewer.
He said he looked through the window to check that the victim was all right and saw her move.
I looked out of the window.
At one stage last year the company was looking to expand and buy the other hangar.
A nursery is looking to expand to keep on children who have grown too old for it.
If we carry on with the same attitude and commitment we will be looking to pick up more points tomorrow.
The team will be looking to improve a poor home record of one win in six games.
Now the firm is looking to cash in on its success with a major marketing push.
The man looked nervously in either direction, then down at his shirt.
Peggy looks up from her book and asks James what he was doing at the time.
Eventually the conversation breaks off, and the guy behind the counter looks up.
I've never seen men look in the mirror so much.
The report urges caution in the siting of the masts and that is all we are looking to achieve.
The church is looking to secure grants to proceed further with the redevelopment.
I looked over a wall into a graveyard and found myself looking at the gravestone of one of Britain's finest women writers.
Kerry and John are now looking to buy a family home and Kerry is hoping to start driving lessons.
I looked to my right and saw James looking at me with a small smile on his face.
Brooke nudged him and looked pointedly in the direction of the man in the elevator with them.
I looked to my left, and a man was in the corner was looking at me over his shoulder with a big grin on his face.
As the trek is in November, she is now looking to raise as much extra money as possible for the charity.
The world is awash with money as everyone looks to make a decent return at a time of low interest rates and low inflation.
Mitch looked over at her and smiled.
When it came to a standstill, I was holding tight onto the table and looking at another passenger, who was looking down at me.
She looks into my eyes and something passes over her face.
Mother, too, paused in her work and looked questioningly over her shoulder.
He fans to be patient as he looks to get his career back on track.
Thompson was set to give reserve team debuts to three more players as he looks to strengthen his squad.
how does it look to you? — ¿a ti qué te parece?
now look what you've made me do! — ¡mira lo que me has hecho hacer!
look where you're going! — ¡mira por dónde vas!
look who's here! — ¡mira quién está aquí!