Whether your home is Hamptons inspired, industrial or simply modern, the Oakland will suit it. We recomend the carbon (vintage) filament globes, but an LED filament or clear energy-reduction globe would also suit, depending on the look you want.
Oriel Lighting was first established in Brisbane, Australia over 30 years ago, with the intent to deliver quality lighting solutions at prices that people could afford. Since then its catalogue has expanded significantly, and today Oriel has one of the largest lighting ranges in Australia. Oriel continues to be a fast growing importer and distributor of quality lighting products, and continues to bring to the market more and more original products that customers love.
Oriel has long been known for its traditional lighting fixtures, but in the past decade their range has expanded to incorporate a more modern twist. The company prides itself on its commitment to evolving product offerings with the industry's designs and trends.
When you buy a Black Oakland Outdoor Wall Light online from Temple & Webster in Australia, we make it as easy as possible for you to find out when your product will be delivered to your home in Melbourne, Sydney or any major city. You can check on a delivery estimate for the Oriel Part #: SL64908BK here. If you have any questions about your purchase or any other Outdoor Lighting product for sale our customer service representatives are available to help.Whether you just want to buy a Black Oakland Outdoor Wall Light or shop for your entire home, Temple & Webster has a zillion things home.


Donald Cone, 67, of Amery, passed away on December 23rd.
Memorial services for Donald Cone will be held at the Williamson-White Funeral home in Amery on Friday at 4pm.
Visitation will be from 2pm to 4pm Friday at the funeral home.


But that's just Facebook. The big moves are in Instagram and Google+ right now, and we're looking, along with Twitter, to be even more active in all social media in 2014.
Here's a few of our successful pages on Facebook.


"Where are we and where do we want to go? "These were the questions that guided the 250 participants from all over Europe during 2 days (April 3 and 4). Objective: to better protect the rights of the child. ECPAT Belgium is pleased that specific attention has been paid to the participation of children, particularly in the fight against sexual exploitation.


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Posts Tagged 'Mendocino County'
#OccupyMendocino
Posted in #OccupyMendocino, #OccupyWallStreet, News, Peaceful Protest, tagged #OccupyFB, #OccupyMendo, #OccupyMendocino, #OccupyUkiah, #OccupyWallStreet, Day of Rage, Fort Bragg, General Assembly, Global Day of Rage, Mendocino, Mendocino County, Peaceful Protesters, Ukiah on October 18, 2011| 1 Comment »
October 18, 2011, Mendocino Coast
La st Saturday #Occupy activists in Fort Bragg joined the global 'Day of Rage' gatherings with half a dozen folks and a dog waving flags and carrying signs at the US Post Office, also standing in solidarity with #OccupyWallStreet and activists around the world.
Following #OccupyFB, more than 35 #OccupyMendocino activists gathered for general assembly, working together and sharing at the library, organizing and brainstorming #OccupyMendocino actions.
Please join us, join in and bring your own sign ~ WE ARE THE 99%!
Calendar of Upcoming #OccupyMendocino Actions:
#OccupyFB: Wednesday, 10/19/11, 3-6pm, Fort Bragg Farmers Market, Corner of Franklin & Laurel
#OccupyFB at Congressional Candidate Dinner, Wednesday, 10/19/11, 6-10pm, Silver's at the Wharf parking area
#OccupyUkiah General Assembly, Wednesday, 10/19/11, 6-7pm, Alex Thomas Plaza, Ukiah
#OccupyMendo: Friday, 10/21/1, 12-2pm, Mendocino Farmer's Market, Howard Street, Mendocino
#OccupyFB: Friday, 10/21/11, 4-6pm Chase & Bank of America Action, Alder & Main St. parking area, Fort Bragg
#OccupyMendocino General Assembly, Saturday, 10/22/11, 2:30-5pm, Fort Bragg Library
#OccupyUkiah General Assembly, Sunday, 10/23/11, 10-11am, Alex Thomas Plaza, Ukiah
Unified Proposal Created for North Coast MLPA
Posted in Aguaculture Permits & Regulations, California, Coastal Conservancy, Coastal Protection, Environmental Issues, Fishermen, Fort Bragg, Humboldt, Issue, Marine Mammal Plan, Marine Protection, Mendocino, MLPA, News, Northern California, Ocean Conservancy, Ocean Food Chain, Ocean Zoning, OCS, Offshore Aguaculture, Oregon, Over Fishing, Pacific Ocean, Recreational Access, U.S., US Energy Policy, Western Renewable Energy Zones, tagged Catherine Reheis-Boyd, Commercial Fishermen, Environmental NGOs, Fish and Game Commission, Marine Protection, Marine Reserves, Mendocino County, MLPA, North Coast Regional Stakeholder Group, Pacific Northwest, Pacific Ocean, Recreational Anglers, Resource Legacy Fund Foundation, Stakeholders, Tribal Fishing and Gathering Rights, Tribal Rights, Tribal Stakeholders, U.S., Yurok Tribe on September 1, 2010| Leave a Comment »
DAN BACHER, IndyBay.org, September 1, 2010
In a great show of unity between Tribal members, recreational anglers, commercial fishermen and environmentalists, the 33 members of the Regional Stakeholder Group for Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger's Marine Life Protection Act (MLPA) Initiative on August 31 adopted one unified proposal for marine protected areas (MPAs) stretching from Point Arena in Mendocino County to the Oregon border.
The North Coast stakeholders were the first ever to develop a single consensus proposal under the controversial, privately funded process. In the Central Coast, North Central Coast and South Coast regions, environmental NGOs and fishing groups supported separate proposals.
The proposal will be submitted to the MLPA Blue Ribbon Task Force for review at before their October 25-27 meeting at the Fortuna River Lodge. The final proposal will then go to the Fish and Game Commission for final approval at their meeting in Sacramento in December.
"Everyone talked about a unified community proposal at the beginning of the MLPA process, but I wasn't expecting to pull it off," said Adam Wagschal, Humboldt Bay Harbor, Recreational and Conservation District Conservation Director, in a news release from Cal Oceans, a coalition of three environmental NGOs. "Sure enough though, everyone came together and we did it. It's a great accomplishment."
Tribal representatives also applauded the adoption of a unified proposal that allows for traditional tribal fishing and gathering rights. The stakeholders meeting was preceded by a historic protest in Fort Bragg on July 21 where over 300 Tribal members from 50 Indian nations, recreational anglers, commercial fishermen, immigrant seafood industry workers and environmentalists peacefully took over an MLPA Blue Ribbon Task Force meeting in defense of tribal fishing and gathering rights.
"There was significant progress by the stakeholders in coming together to create a unified proposal that protects tribal rights," said Megan Rocha, Acting Self-Governance Officer of the Yurok Tribe. "The stakeholders did the best they could in respecting tribal gathering and fishing rights. Now this issue will go to the state of California and tribes to work it out at the next level."
Rocha emphasized that every MPA proposal includes language to allow continued tribal uses in marine protected areas. In certain areas, the stakeholders also included language allowing for co-management between the tribes and the state.
Over the past few months, the initial set of MPA eight proposals was whittled down to four. The Regional Stakeholder Group (RSG), including Tribal leaders, recreational anglers, commercial fishermen, harbormasters, divers, seaweed harvesters, business leaders and conservation representatives found enough common ground to develop one final proposal.
"The stakeholders took a strong position affirming tribal rights," said Rocha. "It was unbelievable how committed the stakeholders were to making sure that tribal rights were respected. All of the tribes really appreciated that support."
The proposal will result in about 13% of the North Coast region being restricted or closed to fishing and gathering, versus 16-20% in other regions of the state.
Representatives of conservation groups applauded the effort, despite some concerns that the plan may not fully meet the scientific guidelines laid out for the MLPA process.
"Everyone made sacrifices to get to this point," said Jennifer Savage, Ocean Conservancy's North Coast Program Coordinator. "We started out with a number of significant differences regarding needs and desires, but ultimately our respect for each other and willingness to work together enabled us to develop a plan we can all send forward."'
The plan includes three "State Marine Reserves," zones completely closed to all fishing, just south of Cape Mendocino, about a mile offshore of the Mattole River and along an area west of Petrolia. Another MPA along Samoa allows for Dungeness crab, chinook salmon and smelt fishing. The MPAs include two areas to the south of Redding Rock, one allowing fishing and the other a no-take zone.
Recreational and commercial fishermen also praised the development of a single proposal.
"I'm happy that we came up with a single proposal," Tim Klassen, captain of the Reel Steel charter boat out of Humboldt Bay, told the Eureka Times Standard on August 31, "and hopefully we'll keep our fate in our own hands."
Despite the adoption of a unified proposal for the North Coast, significant concerns about the overall MLPA process remain.
Fishermen, Tribal members and environmentalists are concerned that the MLPA process under Schwarzenegger has taken oil drilling, water pollution, wave energy development, habitat destruction and other human uses of the ocean other than fishing and gathering off the table. The MLPA would do nothing to stop another Exxon Valdez or Deepwater Horizon oil disaster from devastating the California coast.
MLPA critics have also blasted the Governor for appointing an oil industry lobbyist, a marina developer, a real estate executive and people with conflicts of interest on the Blue Ribbon Task Forces that develop the marine reserves.
Many are puzzled whey Catherine Reheis-Boyd, the president of the Western States Petroleum Association, is allowed to make decisions as the chair of the BRTF for the South Coast and as a member of the BRTF for the North Coast, panels that are supposedly designed to "protect" the ocean, when she has called for new oil drilling off the California coast.
Many fishermen and environmentalists are also concerned that a private corporation, the Resources Legacy Fund Foundation, is privatizing ocean resource management in California through a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with the DFG.
Nonetheless, the development of a unified marine protected area (MLPA) proposal on the North Coast is a great victory for fishermen, Tribes, seaweed harvesters, environmentalists and other stakeholders in the MLPA process. Rather than being "divided and conquered" by the Schwarzenegger administration as has happened elsewhere in the MLPA study regions, they chose to work together and overcome their differences to develop a consensus proposal.
Posted in AB 811, California Energy Commission, Economic Stimulus Plan, Energy Efficiency, Funding, Green Jobs, Mendocino, Northern California, Renewable Energy, Rooftop Solar, Small Solar, Small Wind, Solar Energy, U.S., Water Efficiency, Wind Energy, tagged AB 811, Board of Supervisors, California Energy Commission, Energy Efficiency, Mendocino County, NCEIP, NCIRWMG, North Coast, Northern California, Renewable Energy, Small Solar, Small Wind, U.S., Water Efficiency on March 11, 2010| Leave a Comment »
GreenWave Pursuing Mendocino Wave Energy Project
Posted in California, FERC, Fishermen, Hydrokinetic Energy, Marine Energy, Mendocino, Northern California, Ocean Energy, Offshore Renewable Energy, Pacific Ocean, Renewable Energy, U.S., US Energy Policy, Wave Energy, Wave Energy Trials, Wave Farm, tagged California, FERC, FERC Preliminary Permit, FISH, GreenWave, Hawaii, Mendocino, Mendocino Coast, Mendocino County, MOU, Northern California, OPT, Oregon, Reedsport, Renewable Energy, U.S., Wave Energy, Wave Energy Farm on February 25, 2010| Leave a Comment »
FRANK HARTZELL, Mendocino Beacon, February 25, 2010
The Southern California investment company with a federal permit to develop wave energy in waters off Mendocino has entered into a partnership with one of the world's top companies in the field.
GreenWave Energy Solutions recently entered into a memo of understanding, or MOU, with Ocean Power Technologies (OPT) of New Jersey, a move which makes wave energy off the village of Mendocino much more likely than ever.
Earlier this month, Ocean Power Technologies earned a federal license to develop wave energy off Reedsport, Ore., a groundbreaking move in the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) process.
Ocean Power Technologies had its own FERC wave energy preliminary permit off Cape Mendocino but last year gave up on that site as impractical. OPT, which has since eclipsed many of its hydrokinetics competitors, plans to bring its experience to developing waters off Mendocino, the FERC permit states.
OPT recently deployed one of its Power Buoys off Hawaii, where it is also developing wave energy. OPT has been granted the exclusive right to sell their patented WEC devices to GreenWave for the generation of electrical power off Mendocino.
The existence of GreenWave's FERC preliminary permit already spells doom for the creation of any new Marine Life Protection Act (MLPAI) Initiative protection of the claimed area.
GreenWave told FERC in its latest progress report that the firm has a target date of April 2012 for filing a license to actually develop electricity off Mendocino.
A preliminary permit gives exclusive study rights to an area to the applicant and also provides automatic preference to a license to actually produce power in the ocean.
"The proposed 100 megawatt GreenWave Mendocino Wave Park is estimated to generate an average of 250 GigaWatt-hours annually. GreenWave has contacted most or all of the stakeholders … and will continue to conduct community outreach and informational efforts to keep all stakeholders apprised of progress and plans related to the environmental studies and development of this proposed wave energy project," the FERC filing by GreenWave President Wayne Burkamp states.
GreenWave and Ocean Power Technologies plan joint meetings locally beginning in March, the filing states. The two firms plan to file full details of the wave energy project with FERC by March and then discuss those plans in public meetings with locals.
Wave energy has generated substantial local opposition led by local fishermen. The environmental community in Mendocino has also opposed wave energy. Environmentalists in Humboldt County have not been involved in the issue.
PG&E, faced with local opposition, withdrew its Fort Bragg wave energy development application and continued its effort in friendlier Humboldt County, then added a second site in Southern California.
National environmental groups signed off on wave energy in a letter to president Obama. But the Obama administration studied the issue and, like Fort Bragg residents, learned the technology raised serious environmental issues and was too theoretical to help with the nation's energy needs in the foreseeable future. In the meantime, fishing and civic groups have been seeking to construct a public process that protects the ocean.
A group formed in Fort Bragg, Fishermen Interested in Safe Hydrokinetics (FISH) is the lead plaintiff on a lawsuit against FERC challenging FERC's issuance of the exclusive development rights to waters off Mendocino to GreenWave. The city of Fort Bragg, County of Mendocino, the Ocean Protection Council, the Pacific Coast Federation of Fishermen and the Recreational Fishing Alliance are also part of the challenge.
The lawsuit, with filings due in federal court this spring and summer, asserts that FERC failed to follow environmental laws or create a comprehensive plan before issuing wave energy permits.
"GreenWave has reviewed the allegations contained in the complaint and believes the allegations are without merit. GreenWave is monitoring this litigation and will provide any support that FERC believes necessary," GreenWave's recent filing states.
PG&E said the reason it abandoned its Fort Bragg development site was Noyo Harbor is unsuitable. That hasn't discouraged GreenWave so far.
The exclusive three-year preliminary permit granted in May 2009 to GreenWave stretches from just north of Albion to off Point Cabrillo, about a half-mile to three miles offshore.
Five men from the Thousand Oaks area of Southern California, including Tony Strickland, a Republican state senator, formed GreenWave Energy Solutions about two years ago.
Strickland, one of the state's most ardent deregulators and anti-tax advocates, won the state Legislature's closest race last November by a handful of votes, California's closest major race. He made his involvement in alternative energy a key part of his campaign.
Green Wave Energy Solutions when formed was composed of Burkamp, Strickland, engineer Bill Bustamante and prominent housing developers Dean Kunicki and Gary Gorian.
Calls to GreenWave's message phone number revealed Strickland and the others are still involved.
GreenWave does not mention Strickland, or any local members of the California Legislature among its communications with the Legislature in its report to FERC.
"GreenWave has participated in numerous meetings with California state government officials regarding various aspects of the permitting process and the political dynamics of development of a wave farm, in this district. GreenWave has met with various legislative personnel including California State Assemblyman Felipe Fuentes (39th District). Assemblyman Nathan Fletcher (75th District), and Gov. Schwarzenegger's Chief Deputy Legislative Assistant, John Moffatt.
"These meetings involved discussions regarding the future of wave energy in California, working to streamline the permitting process in California and questions related to legislation which would assist in wave energy development," the FERC filing states.
The Marine Life Protection Act Initiative process has concentrated solely on restricting and banning fishing, despite broader general ocean protection goals in the act. An opinion issued by the California Attorney General's office states that any prior legal claim (such as a preliminary permit for wave energy) precludes the establishment of any type of new marine protected area. However, that fact has not yet been introduced into the discussions of creation of "arrays" or fishing restricted areas, despite large areas off limits in both Humboldt and Mendocino counties due to permits granted to PG&E and GreenWave.
Editor's Note: Phenomenal reporting by Frank Hartzell, thank you!
PG&E Cancels Mendocino WaveConnect Project
Posted in California, Electricity Generation, Eureka, FERC, Fort Bragg, Humboldt, Hydrokinetic Energy, Marine Energy, Mendocino, Mendocino Coast Current, News, Northern California, Ocean Energy, Offshore Renewable Energy, Renewable Energy, U.S., US Energy Policy, Wave Energy, Wave Energy Trials, Wave Farm, tagged California, Electricity Generation, Energy Research, FERC, FERC Pilot Permit License, FISH, Fort Bragg, Humboldt, Humboldt Wave Energy, Humboldt WaveConnect, Mendocino County, Mendocino Wave Energy, Mendocino WaveConnect, MendoCoastCurrent, PG&E, Renewable Energy, U.S., US Energy Policy, Wave Energy, Wave Energy Pilot License, WaveConnect on May 11, 2009| 1 Comment »
Editors Note: On June 9, 2009, PG&E filed with the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) a petition to release the Mendocino WaveConnect preliminary permit.
MendoCoastCurrent, May 11, 2009
In early May 2009, PG&E's WaveConnect team decided to cancel the Mendocino WaveConnect project because the Noyo Harbor didn't pass muster and was deemed insufficient in several engineering aspects, therefore unable to support PG&E's Mendocino WaveConnect pilot wave energy program offshore.
PG&E summarily rejected re-situating the launch site to the Fort Bragg Mill Site, only a short distance from the Noyo Harbor, where PG&E could construct a state-of-the-art launch for Mendocino WaveConnect.
PG&E plans to report their decision to the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission and anticipates surrendering the Mendocino WaveConnect FERC pilot wave energy permit. The City of Fort Bragg, County of Mendocino and the FISH Committee were brought up to speed by PG&E on May 11th.
PG&E had raised $6mm in funding from CPUC and DOE for WaveConnect, allocated to both Mendocino and Humboldt projects. This remaining funds will now be directed to only Humboldt WaveConnect.
And PG&E notes that Humboldt WaveConnect, at Humboldt Bay and its harbor, offers WaveConnect the required spaciousness and the industrial infrastructure as well as a welcoming, interested community.
FERC Issues GreenWave Wave Energy Permit
Posted in California, Electricity Generation, FERC, Fort Bragg, Hydrokinetic Energy, Marine Energy, Mendocino, Northern California, Ocean Energy, Offshore Energy Plan, President Obama, Renewable Energy, U.S., Wave Energy, Wave Farm, tagged California, Electricity Generation, FERC, FERC Preliminary Permit, Fort Bragg, Green Wave, GreenWave, Mendocino, Mendocino County, Northern California, Offshore Energy Plan, President Obama, Renewable Energy, Sonoma County, Tony Strickland, U.S., Wave Energy, Wave Farm on May 8, 2009| Leave a Comment »
Excerpts of FRANK HARTZELL's article, Mendocino Beacon, May 7, 2009
GreenWave Energy Solutions, an "alternative energy startup has been granted a three-year preliminary permit to study wave energy off Mendocino.
It's locals' first look at action by a newly recast Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), which is tasked by the Obama Administration to make a greater push to develop alternative energy.
On May 1, FERC issued an exclusive preliminary permit to GreenWave Energy Solutions LLC. The permit's area stretches from just north of Albion to off Point Cabrillo, about a half-mile from shore to three miles offshore.
Strickland, one of the state's most ardent deregulators and anti-tax advocates, won the state Legislature's closest race last November by a handful of votes. He made his involvement in alternative energy a key part of his campaign.
Green Wave Energy Solutions is composed of president Wayne Burkamp, Strickland, engineer Bill Bustamante, developer Dean Kunicki and developer Gary Gorian. Kunicki and Gorian are major real estate developers in Southern California.
The preliminary permit reserves that area solely for GreenWave and also gives the company first rights to apply for a long-term power license in state waters."
"The GreenWave proposal envisions eventual construction of a power plant with more than twice the capacity of that planned by PG&E. GreenWave's Burkamp said the firm is not a shell corporation or a subsidiary of any other company.
GreenWave hopes to someday install 10 to 100 Pelamis or OPT hydrokinetic devices capable of producing 100 megawatts, with a 2- to 3-mile long powerline running to shore, the permit application states.
FERC's permit conditions for GreenWave don't vary much from those imposed by FERC under the former Bush Administration.
But locals made this preliminary permit one of the longest ever. And the application has more interveners and more people commenting than any other "hydrokinetic" project in the nation. FERC has issued and is considering hydrokinetic permits from the Yukon River to the Florida Keys for wave, tidal, ocean current and river flow power.
While issuing the permit, FERC briefly responds to each point raised by locals.
"As for the concerns raised by Mendocino County and Laurel Krause regarding the financial capability and experience of the applicant, it has been the Commission's policy for some time that, at least where there is no competition for a permit, the Commission will not base grant of the permit on proof of an applicant's ability to finance or perform studies under the permit," FERC wrote. "However, as discussed below, application of the Commission's strict scrutiny policy may include cancellation of the permit if the applicant is unable to demonstrate, for financial or other reasons, adequate progress toward the possible development of a license application."
Although FERC is an independent agency, President Obama appointed Jon Wellinghoff as chairman of the five-member commission after the chairman under President Bush resigned and left FERC. With the commission now split 2-2 between Republicans and Democrats, Obama now has the opportunity to change its direction with his appointment of a new fifth member.
FERC also recently accepted three preliminary permit applications from Sonoma County to study wave energy off its shores, a nod to local government that signals a change of direction for the independent federal commission.
That change began when Mendocino County and the City of Fort Bragg protested exclusion from the process and a lawsuit was threatened.
The permit is the first wave energy permit since the Obama Administration released new standards for the process of generating alternative energy on the outer continental shelf.
Under that plan, FERC has complete control of the wave energy process inside three miles. For projects like PG&E's wave energy proposal, which extends on both sides of the three-mile line, a Minerals Management Service lease is required past state waters. PG&E withdrew from its efforts to get a MMS lease last year.
GreenWave's permit area appears to extend just beyond the three-mile limit. John Romero of MMS said neither PG&E or GreenWave has sought a lease from MMS.
GreenWave's application says the initial phase will involve spending between $1 million and $2 million and will be financed entirely through private equity.
"The estimated cost of the second phase (the actual installation of wave energy devices in the water and the generation of power from these devices) will be $20 million to $40 million," the application states.
Burkamp told the newspaper that GreenWave's application is different from PG&E's in that GreenWave will focus on solving environmental issues, while PG&E Wave Connect is set up to test rival technologies.
PG&E Scores $6M for Mendocino, Humboldt Wave Energy Projects
Posted in California, CPUC, Dept. of Energy, Electricity Generation, Environmental Issues, FERC, Fort Bragg, Funding, Hydrokinetic Energy, Issue, Marine Energy, Mendocino, Mendocino Coast Current, News, Northern California, Ocean Energy, Renewable Energy, Socio-Economic Issues, Tidal Energy, U.S., US Energy Policy, Viewscape Issues, Wave Energy, Wave Energy Trials, Wave Farm, tagged California, CPUC, Dept. of Energy, DOE, DOE Review Team Leads, Environmental Issues, FERC, FERC Preliminary Permit, FERC Rejection, FERC Review Team, FISH, Fishermen, Fort Bragg, Funding, Humboldt, Mendocino, Mendocino County, Mendocino Wave Energy, MendoCoastCurrent, Northern California, Obama, PG&E, Renewable Energy, Stakeholders, U.S., US Energy Policy, Wave Energy, Wave Energy Blogger, Wave Farm on January 29, 2009| 2 Comments »
Editors Note: On May 11, 2009, PG&E pulled-out of Mendocino WaveConnect, read it here: http://tinyurl.com/qwlbg6 . The remains of the $6M are now solely allocated to Humboldt WaveConnect.
MendoCoastCurrent, January 29, 2009
PG&E caught a major renewable energy wave today as the California Public Utilities Commission approved $4.8 million in funding their centerpiece wave energy project, WaveConnect. The program also received an additional $1.2 million in matching funds from the Department of Energy. PG&E's WaveConnect, a project already two years in the making, launches with a $6M kitty.
WaveConnect is chartered with exploring wave energy development off the coasts of Mendocino and Humboldt counties in Northern California. The stakeholders in this region are dyed-in-the-wool political activists, living in environmentally-centric coastal communities and have reacted protectively, sounding alarms that PG&E and the Federal government's wave energy plans may foul, diminish and destroy the Pacific Ocean and marine life.
Over the two years that PG&E and the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) advanced WaveConnect, only recently have environmental concerns and study become part of the discussion. The opportunity for Mendocino and Humboldt coastal communities and local governments to embrace wave energy development and connect with WaveConnect has not gone well, especially as the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) has disallowed the City of Fort Bragg and local fishermen to be party in the WaveConnect FERC Preliminary Permitting.
Jonathan Marshall, publisher of Next100, a PG&E blog, wrote "PG&E's first step will be to conduct meetings with local stakeholders and agencies to learn about their issues and concerns. After completing appropriate environmental reviews and permit applications, which could take a couple of years, PG&E then plans to build an undersea infrastructure, including power transmission cables, to support wave energy demonstration projects. The utility will then invite manufacturers of wave energy devices to install them offshore for testing and comparison."
"The anticipated cost of wave power compares favorably to the early days of solar and wind," says William Toman, WaveConnect project manager at PG&E. "It will take several stages of design evolution to lower costs and increase reliability." The CPUC and the DOE are betting on this evolution as in this funding scenario engineered by PG&E, the CPUC awards $4.8M in ratepayer funds while the DOE $1.2M is a matching grant.
Wave energy may become a key source of renewable energy in California. It's proposed that the 745-mile coastline could produce 1/5th of California's energy needs if, admittedly a big if, economic, environmental, land use and grid connection issues — and community issues — don't stand in the way.
Marshall wrote in closing "Making ocean power technology work reliably and at a competitive price will be the first big challenge. Serving offshore installations with power transmission lines will be another economic and engineering hurdle. Finally, ocean power developers must also convince local communities and government regulators that their installations will not destroy marine life, cause boating collisions or navigational hazards, or degrade ocean views."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Looking for great postersto brighten up your office? For a limited time we will print and ship you our infographics. Send us an email! Scroll down for more resources!
The following collection of resources have been collected from various sources, with the intent to be used by front-line workers of Community-Based Organizations.
This is co-managed by the Saskatchewan Prevention Institute and the Saskatchewan FASD Support Network.
See the newly released Saskatchewan FASD Speakers' Bureau poster!
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: How Can Courts Respond Effectively?


The improper translation of the Hebrew word olam and the Greek words aion and aionios by the words "eternal," "forever" and "everlasting" has brought with it untold sorrow and misunderstandings. If this translation be true, countless human beings, creatures of God's hands, are doomed either to unending torment or to irreversible extermination. Even more serious this idea has also cast our loving, merciful God into a mold which gives to Him a grotesqueness worse than that of the heathen gods. For, in not choosing some for eternal life (as the Calvinist see it), God must have brought them into existence for the sole purpose of eternally torturing them in horrendous flames. Or in resting all on some sort of causeless "free will" of human beings, over which He has no control or say (as the Arminian seems to think), God has made it so that the salvation of anyone is highly unlikely, since in the final analysis it really depends on us.
The mistranslation of these Hebrew and Greek words forces unworthy and embarrassing, theological ideas into the many passages of scripture which clearly speak of blessings for all mankind because of what Christ accomplished in His death, burial and resurrection. We are not thinking of isolated "proof texts," but of carefully developed, scriptural thoughts based on the evangel of God concerning His Son, Jesus Christ our Lord (Rom.1:1-4).
For instance, after speaking of God's love as it is commended in Christ Who died for us while we are still sinners (Rom.5:8), the apostle Paul expounds on the entrance of sin into the world through Adam and its removal through Christ (Rom.5:12-19). His conclusion is that what Christ did is "unto all men to justification of life," and that it is through His obedience that the same many who are made sinners through the disobedience of Adam will be made righteous through the obedience of Jesus Christ. Similar passages which develop the meaning of the death and resurrection of Christ in relation both to the believer and to all are found in 1 Corinthians 15:20-28; Ephesians 1:3-11; Colossians 1:13-20; Philippians 2:5-11 and 1 Timothy 1:15-2:7.
Carefully examining every use of the words olam, aion and aionios should lead the Bible believer to the conclusion, reached by many others, that they do not denote eternity or everlastingness. Some wonderful results of a concordantly rendered version such as the Concordant Version are that it puts God in the best possible light, gives God the proper glory for what He accomplished in Christ for all and brings us expectation and peace concerning all our friends and loved ones and even our enemies who may not be chosen for eonian life. If understood properly, the message of God's love in Christ takes away that smug kind of Pharisaic pride which afflicts so many who would honor Christ but who restrict the results of His obedience to the death of the cross to a few.
We have a number of publications which investigate the meanings of the Greek and Hebrew terms translated eternal, everlasting, etc. For those who do not have a copy, we offer, without charge, the booklet entitled "Eonian," compiled by Grace Todd and Joseph E. Kirk. We also would be happy to send the book, ALL IN ALL, by A. E. Knoch, which goes into more detail in relating this subject to the gospel.


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Impact was the Society for Democratic Action's publication - a key organisation of the anti-war protests. Its outlook joined anti-conscriptionists, socialists, communists, pacifists and the Union of Australian Women: all attempting to criticise the war. No mainstream media outlet would venture into this criticism.


WASHINGTON (MarketWatch) -- The Federal Reserve has done a lot to stave off a recession but stands ready to do more if the outlook darkens, Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke said Thursday. Bernanke said the Fed will be working overtime to see if the rate cuts undertaken so far are having their intended effects. Bernanke painted an "improving picture" for the economy, saying that he expects a stronger pace of growth starting later this year after an unspecified "period of sluggish growth." Inflation should moderate from its current rate, and the public's expectation of inflation should remain "reasonably well anchored," he said. But the credit squeeze should continue to dampen growth and there is no end in sight to the downturn in the housing sector, he said.


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Q: How Array.reduce put functions as parameters in function composition? Can somebody explain to me how Array.reduce can put functions as arguments in function composition like this:
const  composeB  = (f, g) =>  x  =>  f(g(x))

const  add = a => b => a  +  b
const  add5 = add(5)
const  double = a => a * 2

const add5ThenDouble  = [double, add5].reduce(composeB)

console.log(add5ThenDouble(6)); // 22

So, according to my knowledge (which is not enough) of reduce function is that Array.reduce iterate through an array like this - it takes each of array values and puts them through callback function with another argument (lets call it accumulator). The next array value will undergo the same callback function, but with (eventually) changed accumulator value.
What confuses me in code example above is:
1) Array is list of functions [double, add5].
2) In first iteration, composeB will receive arguments: f=accumulator (empty value), g=double(function). ComposeB should return emptyvalue(double(6)) (or maybe not??)
I know that I am missing something, but can someone explain me what?

A: The documentation for reduce says that the first argument is

A function to execute on each element in the array (except for the first, if no initialValue is supplied).

So in this case, you have not supplied an initialValue and so compose is only called once (with arguments double and add5).

A: var inc = (x) => ++x, // increment +1
    x2 = (x) => x*2, // multiply by 2
    sq = (x) => x*x; // square

var compose = (f,g) => (_) => g(f(_));

var f1 = [ sq, inc, inc ].reduce(compose, (_) => _);
f1(10); // 102

var f2 = [ inc, sq, inc ].reduce(compose, (_) => _);
f2(10); // 122

See the code above, notice:

*

*identity function (_) => _ as default value (second argument) for reduce

*compose will NOT return a number, it will return a FUNCTION that is a composition of all the functions that were passed in before... So - only when you CALL the (say) f1, only then the functions will be executed.

*we are putting all the functions from list [a,b,c,d,e] into a chain of e,d,c,b,a (reverse order!) and then execute as e(d(c(b(a(10))))) getting the order we actually wanted.

*(f,g) => (_) => g(f(_)) <-- function arguments are actually reversed when calling them. Longer version: function compose (f, g) { return function (z) { return g(f(z)); }; }

p.s.: i use var because i can ;)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
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Alumna Kuok's Entrepreneur Story: Pursuing Dreams by Creating a Local Craft Beer Brand that Belongs to Macao People
Becoming a successful entrepreneur relies not only on one's luck, but also on the support of like-minded entrepreneurial partners and a series of resources. In 2020, alumna Crystal Kuok graduated from the Department of Communication of the Faculty of Social Sciences of the University of Macau (UM), she established "2048(Macau) Co. Ltd." (2048) in 2018 with two UM classmates. Through the incubation platform of the Institute of Collaborative Innovation (ICI) in UM, the team had successfully transformed the scientific brewing technique into market and production to produce a series of craft beers that integrate the flavors of tea and beer, becoming Macau's first craft beer brand "Funny Eye Brewing".
Meet with the entrepreneurial partners and take the first step in starting a small business
As Crystal recalled the idea of starting up her own business, she said, "I met my current entrepreneurial partners when I was living at Cheng Yu Tung College (CYTC). The residential college had created an enlightening environment for us to learn and exchange ideas with residential students from different majors and cultural backgrounds to enhance personal communication skills. CYTC has a strong entrepreneurial atmosphere and the tutors always share the entrepreneurship experiences with students, which exerts significant influence on our entrepreneurial motivations." Crystal believed that the entrepreneurs should start their business from small platforms to gain more experiences. She expressed, "As we were students when we first set up our own business, we can only operate the business with limit time and money. At the beginning, we tried to set up stalls at the Kanggong Night Market on every Saturdays and Sundays to sell our own brand craft beers, we hoped to get our business off the ground with small amount of money, accumulate experiences to further improve the quality of our products based on the customers' comments."
Innovative and unique brewing ideas inspired by the fusion of eastern and western cultural elements
In addition, Crystal also gave explanations on the unique company name "2048", as she said, "Year 2048 will be the 49th year of Macau's return to the motherland, and the eastern and western cultures have been continuously integrating with each other over this period of time, which may help to carry out the brand vision behind our craft beers." She hoped that the craft beer brand could exemplifies the integration process between the eastern and western cultural elements and also reflects the brand spirit of vitality and fun, thus she decided to name the craft beer brand as "Funny Eye Brewing". As she expressed, ""Funny" stands for subversion and escape, it implies people should boldly subverting the conventional world, without fear of breaking any rules. "Eyes" stands for exploration and embrace, unbridled exploration of impossible and embrace all sides of the world. "Funny Eye Brewing" stands for the extension and combination of imagination and reality, which aims to brew craft beer with dreams, creativity and possibility." Under the guidance of two residential college professors, the incubation team had integrated traditional beer brewing techniques from the West and tea brewing methods from the East and produced craft beers blending with traditional tea, dried flower and fruit tea. They aim to create a series of craft beers titled "Funny Eye Brewing" in favor of Macau's local culture, as well as the feature of technological innovation. She added, "We hope to use our unique brewing technique to reflect the brand's vision of integrating the eastern and western cultural features, therefore, we had come up with the idea of combining beer and tea to carry out the traditional cultural elements of both sides."
Create strong brand positioning through the incubation platform
In order to promote the transformation of scientific research and the development of industry-academia collaboration, ICI was established in UM in 2017. It aims to serve as a platform to provide support for UM teachers, students and alumni, as well as providing a full range of consultation and supporting services for entrepreneurs, which can help them to fulfill their entrepreneurial dreams through transferring their creative ideas into the market. Crystal expressed that as they hoped to lay a solid foundation for the brand in the early stage of development through the incubation platform. She said, "When we first established the brand, we only had little understanding of the strategies for brand promotion and marketing and thus we hope to learn these strategies from the centre to further enhance the brand reputation." The team had received many aspects of support from the platform and Crystal admitted that the support from the centre had brought the company to what it is today. As she mentioned, "We are very appreciated for the help and training provided by the centre in the early stage of incubation and it has provided us a platform to transfer our entrepreneurial ideas into the market. In addition of providing entrepreneurial advice, the tutors of the centre also led us to participate into those overseas training programmes, which could help us to further broaden our horizons." On the recommendation of the tutors from the centre, Crystal's team had participated into the "2020 Bank of China Trophy One Million Dollar Macao Regional Entrepreneurship Competition" and won the championship. She said, "The team's entrepreneurial ability and confidence have been strengthened after winning the competition. Furthermore, besides of increasing the brand's visibility in the market and obtaining cooperation opportunities with different enterprises, we also received many valuable suggestions from the judges and experts through this competition, which are very useful for us to consolidate the brand's positioning with related marketing strategies."
Set foot in the Greater Bay Area market
"2048" has been in operation for two years and soon became renowned in Macao; the team has successfully reached cooperation agreements with many local hotels and enterprises. Talking about the company's future development direction, Crystal said, "In order to increase the production capacity, we are planning to open a local brewery in Macao. Besides of continuing to participate into the local trade exhibitions, we will also cooperate with the local restaurants for opening showrooms in the restaurants. After stabilizing the local customer base, we also hope to expand our business to the Greater Bay Area to let more people know about the uniqueness of this local craft beer brand." She also reminded the alumni who plan to set up their own business should have a good understanding of the market development trends and brand positioning strategies, be brave enough to start and keep moving towards the goals to build up your own brand gradually. She thanked for opportunities and supports provided by the alma mater throughout the entrepreneurial process, which helps the team to exemplify its strengths and overcome the difficulties and challenges during the entrepreneurial process.
Alumna Huang Yin: Promoting the Chinese medicine industry to sail away from the GBA
Alumnus He Jiang shares the development opportunities of the big health industry in Shenzhen
Alumnus Vong Keng Hei: Leveraging your strengths to integrate into the development of the GBA
UM Alumnus Danny Chau: Change Brings Opportunity
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text:
Title: Despatches From the Front
Author: Major D. B. McLean
In: Salient. Victoria University Student Newspaper. Vol. 36, No 11 May 30th, 1973
Publication details: Victoria University of Wellington Students' Association, 30 May 1973, Wellington
Salient. Victoria University Student Newspaper. Vol. 36, No 11 May 30th, 1973
Despatches from the Front
Attention Salient,
In view of the advertisement placed in your paper earlier this year, your readers may be interested to learn of the progress of the University Regiment.
I wish to report that the strength of the Regiment now stands at four companies, plus seven additional service and support platoons. Thanks to your excellent series on "Demolitions and Engineering" and your feature "Locks and Shackles" we have been able to form an assault pioneer infantry platoon from volunteers out of No. 1 Company (the Wai-te-ata Expendables), which will shortly conduct training exercises in the vicinity of the Union Building. However you can be sure that your office will be notified in time.
A campaign planned for the early future may be of particular interest to readers. The Ministry of Defence has become concerned at the volume of insurgency incipient in the vicinity of lower Mount Street. The Regiment has been ordered to conduct anti-personnel operations in the area. By the time this letter is published a hand picked squad of men from the Kelburn Quarricrs (also out of No. 1 Company) will have completed their task.
Sometime early in '74, unless events necessitate earlier development, it is proposed to increase two companies — 3 (Calvary) and 4 (interrogation) to battalion strength, respectively to be known as the 14th Wairarapa Reprisers and the 5th Field Judiciary, thus bringing the Regiment to Brigade strength. No. 2 (HQ) Company shall remain as Brigade HQ Company and the seven auxiliary platoons shall remain as they are. The two new battalions may include one rocket battery and one mortar battery.
As there appears a very strong possibility of a third world war (WWIII - or as our stores officers might jest "war, world, third") persons interested in pursuing a regular or territorial military career (however brief) should write to the undersigned c/o Victoria University Regiment, P. O. Box 1643 Wellington.
I am your faithful servant,
Major D. B. McLean (Recruitment Officer)
[Readers may be interested to know that the Mount Street mutineers are evidently led by a retired colonel's insurgent sons following the notions of a court-martialled mess officer and self-sty led commander of the Red Army who was terminated with extreme prejudice in an action by an alpine assault team from the Mexico City Detachment of the Moscow Mountaineers sometime in the early '40s. — Eds]


text:
Q: Activity in the backstack recreated when rotated I am working on an application with most of my activities locked to portrait orientation. I have a single activity which supports rotation, so when the app undergoes a configuration change in the rotatable activity, activities in the backstack are also recreated, can I restrict only the activity on top to be recreated?
  <activity
        android:name=".ui.image_gallery.ImageGalleryActivity"
        android:screenOrientation="sensor" />


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Human papilloma virus (HPV) consider to be the main cause of cancer cervix , the cancer cervix vaccine developed mainly to prevent infection by human papilloma virus and it does not have any rule in prevention of cancer cervix nor prevention of other causes of cancer cervix.
Although cancer cervix vaccine developed to prevent HPV infection , it is only act against four strains of HPV which are HPV-16, HPV-11,HPV-6,and HPV-18 , as HPV-16,18 can result in cancer cervix by about 70% , and HPv-11,6 can result in about 90% of causing genital warts , which is predisposing finally to cancer cervix.
Gardasil is the first and the clinically approved vaccine , which is used now and the clinical trial say that is safe for females from age range 9 to 26 years old , and that vaccine offer safety reaching up to 100% to both HPV 16-18 in females who does not exposed before to the virus , there are three doses of that vaccine , the first one start by a date your health provider prescribe to you and the next dose about one months from the first one and finally the last dose after 6 months from the second dose.
Gardasil vaccine does not show to have any effects in females who previously exposed to HPV , and it only used to prevent infection by HPV in females before they begin their sexual life , as after beginning sexual life there is no rule exclude that you do not expose to the virus, and also it does not prevent cancer cervix and that mean taking the vaccine , does not exclude that you are not need for continous cervical cancer screening .
Gardasil vaccine have side effects like fainting is the most common side effects and so any female should be seated about 15 minutes after she receive the vaccine , there are also other side effects like muscle pain after injection , headache and generalized malaise, but there is no serious side effects.
There are another type for HPV infection it is called Cervarix , which is currently developed in india , and it act only against HPV strains 16-18 and does not show to be effective against other strains , it has the Gardasil schedule which is zero dose , after one month , after six months , it also have minimal side effects like headache , muscle pain and fatigue , but cervarix is given to females from age range 10 – 45 years old.
Which is better Cervarix or Gardasil vaccine , this is the question , up to now there is no any clinical trials compared between both vaccine , and each one has effects and side effects.
But finally the vaccine make you safe against HPV infection which is the main cause that result in cancer cervix , and that is the point , the choice between them you have to consult your health provider to help you , to pick the most effective for you and remember each female is unique and females are not the same.


Reviews of Guillermo del Toro's dizzying Pan's Labyrinth and part two of Clint Eastwood's World War II opus, Letters From Iwo Jima.
Imagine your bad, false father as a giant toad, lazy and arrogant, that squats in the mucky depths of a dead tree, fattening on foot-long bugs. Or imagine this same monstrous father as something closer to human but faceless, hairless, sexless and naked, with dead-white skin hanging in folds. This sluggish, forked biped slumbers before the fire in a subterranean banquet hall, oblivious to the rich décor or the magnificent feast spread on the table. It wants to eat you, little girl, and comes at you when roused with eyeballs fixed in the palms of its hands. To see, for this thing, is to grab and kill.
Now think of a fully human stepfather: a fascist military officer serving in Franco's victorious army. The gloomy lair of this Captain Vidal is an old mill, set in the woods and mountains where he has been sent to hunt a few remaining partisans. Your widowed mother has married this man–why, you can't understand–and so you must either live under his power or else, like the partisans, find a way to rebel. But Vidal is harder to vanquish than a giant toad, harder to elude than a cannibal slug. He, too, sees only to grab and kill, but he doesn't hunger for you. He wants to consume your mother, by pulling a baby son from her womb.
If I write that you must undergo this trial–you, rather than young Ofelia, the heroine with the rosy face and unpromising name–it's because the magic that many films promise actually works in Pan's Labyrinth. Beginning with the dizzyingly hypnotic opening shot–or, even before there's an image, with the evocative sounds of the wind stirring, a lullaby sighing, a child gasping for breath–writer-director Guillermo del Toro succeeds in submerging you in Ofelia's memory and imagination, where grown-up threats and struggles turn into fairy tales.
Gliding through the woods at night, del Toro's camera discovers Ofelia lying on the ground, then tilts and comes closer as if it were an intelligent winged creature, curious and sympathetic. It approaches her bloodied face. Then it plunges into one of her eyes–the first of many eyes in this movie–and so into the volumes of her mind, which pulse with firelight and shadows. The interior of this child's skull is part puppet stage and part Piranesi engraving, reverberating with a basso narrator's fable about a princess who lived in a kingdom underground, and who ventured fatally into the world above. The camera rises on cue through a domed stair hall, toward an oculus that blazes with light. By the time a flash blanks out the screen, allowing the shot to continue (without seeming interruption) into a forest scene, the camera has you magnetized. You are going to be drawn along on all of Ofelia's adventures–but despite appearances, you have not been drawn entirely outside her thoughts. This daylit forest, too, lies partly within the maze of the little girl's consciousness.
Moviegoers who are just catching up with del Toro should know that this is not the first time he has told a story of the Spanish Civil War, or put a child's thoughts at the center of his movie. He did both in a 2001 release, The Devil's Backbone; and if you want to go even further back in his career, into his ostensibly pure genre movies, you might note that his insect-fear masterpiece, Mimic, is at heart concerned with the world of an autistic boy. In Pan's Labyrinth, you may note the recurrence from these earlier pictures of favorite del Toro motifs: the intervention of a large, clacking insect, for example, which welcomes Ofelia to the woods and guides her through the movie, or the great importance that Captain Vidal assigns to chronology. (Not only does he devote himself obsessively to a cracked pocket watch; he dwells in a room dominated by the mill's old wooden wheel, as if he were living inside the mechanism of an enormous timepiece.) If these deliberate recyclings are evidence in del Toro of a heightened auteurist self-regard, then I say he's earned it. Everything he's done to date reaches a new stage of maturity, beauty and depth of feeling in Pan's Labyrinth.
I can credit much of the film's impact to Guillermo Navarro's cinematography, whose storybook palette is rich enough to encompass everything from the deep violets of a nocturnal scene to the soft, fluttering white of seeds drifting through shafts of sunlight. Thanks to Navarro, the images are more than clear and more than tactile. You can almost smell them: the worn stone of a Celtic carving, the smoke of the partisans' abandoned campfire, the blood that trickles over a tongue or (most of all) the moist odor of dirt and leaves clinging to Pan, the towering, obsequious yet not quite trustworthy faun who appears to Ofelia and instructs her on what she must do.
All this is compelling, but the deepest power of Pan's Labyrinth lies in the actress playing Ofelia: 12-year-old Ivana Baquero. One of the challenges of her role is that she gets to assert herself only with characters who aren't really there. These are the film's various computer-generated critters, plus the faun (who is a creation of actor Doug Jones, a hidden puppeteer and a ton of makeup). Baquero's scenes with live actors, though, require her to be almost exclusively reactive. In a moon-besotted movie that continually contrasts the true time of the lunar cycle with the false time of clocks, she is herself a kind of satellite, reflecting the light of stars. And what stars: Sergi López at his coldest, most brutal and slicked-back as Vidal; Ariadna Gil as Ofelia's drooping flower of a mother, clinging tenderly to a final hope; Maribel Verdú (Mercedes) as Vidal's sunken-cheeked housekeeper, whose head is bowed, whose eyes are lowered, whose voice is an acquiescent murmur, until suddenly they're not. You might think that Baquero would fade compared with these presences; but through sheer attentiveness (which is to say, the talent of a born actress to forget herself) she shines as much as anyone.
What is it, though, that shines through Pan's Labyrinth as a whole? I'd say it's the power of imagination–not imagination as Vidal misunderstands it, as a capacity for soothing self-delusion, but as the will to say no. Ofelia has the imagination to ask questions and disobey. Vidal, who knows how to be fanciful only with a straight razor, fails to imagine that someone–a woman, even–might find the strength to disrupt his monstrous order.
I don't know how you will value the imagination of Pan's Labyrinth against the quasi-documentary realism of the only film I know as a touchstone, Victor Erice's great The Spirit of the Beehive. It's a question of the season, I suppose. There is a clear, wintry light to Erice's film (which also concerns a fugitive hiding in the Spanish countryside and a child's dreams of wonder)–an observational style and dramatic irony that may suit the chillier times in your life, and that were fitting to the film's era. The Spirit of the Beehive was made and released when Franco still held power. Del Toro's lunar, springtime fabulism, by contrast, is appropriate to another era, when the people of Spain know that dictators don't rule forever. There is comfort in his film; but there is also a determination to remember, to keep faith and to encourage.
The beauty of Pan's Labyrinth exists for its own sake. The magic has a purpose.
With the release of Clint Eastwood's Letters From Iwo Jima two months after his Flags of Our Fathers, one of the most remarkable projects in American film history is complete. It astonishes me to think that even a producer-director of Eastwood's influence could carry it off: making two complete films about the battle for Iwo Jima, one from the point of view of the American servicemen and the other from the Japanese viewpoint, with an all-Japanese cast speaking their own language. The ambition is impressive in itself, but what's laudable is how that ambition has been realized, with dignity, compassion and a filmmaker's equivalent of plain-spoken eloquence.
Flags of Our Fathers (reviewed December 4) re-creates the past by exploring a document of the war: the famous photograph of the American flag-raising. Letters From Iwo Jima adopts the same narrative strategy but uses as its documents the correspondence (both delivered and unsent) of Japanese soldiers on Iwo Jima. So the American film is about visual images and the manufacture of public meaning; the Japanese film, about words and personal convictions. Here is a paradox: Although the great majority of the characters in Letters From Iwo Jima believe they must offer their lives for their emperor, their manner of making that sacrifice turns out to be highly individual.
Two figures predominate in the large cast: the aristocratic commanding general, Tadamichi Kuribayashi (played by the godlike Ken Watanabe), and a sardonic, sly, hapless conscript named Saigo (Kazunari Ninomiya), who was a baker in civilian life and would just as soon turn the island over to the Americans. With an ease and grace more suited to the general than the foot soldier, Eastwood and his screenwriters (Iris Yamashita and Paul Haggis) slowly draw together the fates of these two. Saigo turns into a fighter, not through love of his country but from personal loyalty to the general. He clings to Kuribayashi because the general, though steeped in the code of the Japanese warrior, is himself idiosyncratic. He breaks with tradition, to the outrage of his subordinate officers, by conserving his troops' strength and falling back into underground bunkers rather than plunging into glorious battle. Worst of all, he forbids his men to commit suicide when they lose a position, ordering them instead to escape and go on fighting. Kuribayashi brushes away the charge that such behavior is a disgrace. He has lived in the United States, admires Americans and knows that the force coming his way is overwhelming. With surrender unthinkable, he and his men are already dead. The best they can do is to keep up whatever spirit they can muster.
Flags of Our Fathers and Letters From Iwo Jima together form an enormous diptych that has all the grandeur these stories demand. There are crowd scenes, chaotic battles (filmed in the contemporary style, with most of the color drained away), vistas of vast fleets of warships and airplanes. What emerges most powerfully, though, is an intimate sense of sorrow, and of decency. If there is any chance that popular American cinema will continue to be an art form–a very slight chance, I'd say, looking back over the past year's major studio releases–then I bet Eastwood's Iwo Jima films will stand as a monumental achievement, and an enduring one.


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allergy happens Questions you
What is the best over the counter allergy medicine for seasonal allergies
A physician will consider patient history and act out a thorough physical examination if a person reports having hay-fever-like symptoms. If necessary, the physician will do an allergy test. According to the Mayo Clinic, people can get a skin-prick test, in which doctors prick the skin on a person's arm or upper back with diverse substances to see if any cause an allergic reaction, such as a raised bump called a hive.
[7 Strange Signs You're Having an Allergic Reaction]
Blood tests for allergies are also available. This test rates the immune system's response to a specific allergen by measuring the quantity of allergy-causing antibodies in the bloodstream, according to the Mayo Clinic.
How do scientists know how much pollen is in the air? They set a trap. The trap — generally a glass plate or rod coated with adhesive — is analyzed every few hours, and the number of particles collected is then averaged to reflect the particles that would pass through the area in any hour period.
That measurement is converted to pollen per cubic meter. Mold counts work much the same way.
A pollen count is an imprecise measurement, scientists confess, and an arduous one — at the analysis stage, pollen grains are counted one by one under a microscope. It is also highly time-consuming to discern between types of pollen, so they are generally bundled into one variable. Given the imprecise nature of the measurement, entire daily pollen counts are often reported simply as low, moderate or high.
The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology provides up-to-date pollen counts for U.S.
states.
The symptoms of allergic rhinitis may at first feel love those of a freezing. But unlike a freezing that may incubate before causing discomfort, symptoms of allergies generally appear almost as soon as a person encounters an allergen, such as pollen or mold.
Symptoms include itchy eyes, ears, nose or throat, sneezing, irritability, nasal congestion and hoarseness. People may also experience cough, postnasal drip, sinus pressure or headaches, decreased sense of smell, snoring, sleep apnea, fatigue and asthma, Josephson said. [Oral Allergy Syndrome: 6 Ways to Avoid an Itchy, Tingling Mouth]
Many of these symptoms are the immune system's overreaction as it attempts to protect the vital and sensitive respiratory system from exterior invaders.
The antibodies produced by the body hold the foreign invaders out, but also cause the symptoms characteristic of allergic responses.
People can develop hay fever at any age, but most people are diagnosed with the disorder in childhood or early adulthood, according to the Mayo Clinic. Symptoms typically become less severe as people age.
Often, children may first experience food allergies and eczema, or itchy skin, before developing hay fever, Josephson said. «This then worsens over the years, and patients then develop allergies to indoor allergens love dust and animals, or seasonal rhinitis, love ragweed, grass pollen, molds and tree pollen.»
Hay fever can also lead to other medical conditions.
People who are allergic to weeds are more likely to get other allergies and develop asthma as they age, Josephson said. But those who get immunotherapy, such as allergy shots that assist people's bodies get used to allergens, are less likely to develop asthma, he said.
Common allergens
The most common allergen is pollen, a powder released by trees, grasses and weeds that fertilize the seeds of neighboring plants. As plants rely on the wind to do the work for them, the pollination season sees billions of microscopic particles fill the air, and some of them finish up in people's noses and mouths.
Spring bloomers include ash, birch, cedar, elm and maple trees, plus numerous species of grass.
Weeds pollinate in the tardy summer and drop, with ragweed being the most volatile.
The pollen that sits on brightly colored flowers is rarely responsible for hay fever because it is heavier and falls to the ground rather than becoming airborne. Bees and other insects carry flower pollen from one flower to the next without ever bothering human noses.
Mold allergies are diverse. Mold is a spore that grows on rotting logs, dead leaves and grasses. While dry-weather mold species exist, numerous types of mold thrive in moist, rainy conditions, and release their spores overnight.
During both the spring and drop allergy seasons, pollen is released mainly in the morning hours and travels best on dry, warm and breezy days.
Hay fever treatments
Dr. Sarita Patil, an allergist with Massachusetts General Hospital's Allergy Associates in Boston, talked to Live Science about strategies for outdoor lovers with seasonal allergies.
Patil suggested figuring out exactly what type of pollen you're allergic to, and then avoiding planning outdoor activities during peak pollinating times in the months when those plants are in bloom.
Numerous grasses, for example, typically pollinate in tardy spring and early summer and release most of their spores in the afternoon and early evening.
Her other strategies: Be capable to identify the pollen perpetrator by sight; monitor pollen counts before scheduling outdoor time; go exterior at a time of day when the plants that make you go achoo are not pollinating; and wear protective gear love sunglasses, among other tips. [7 Strategies for Outdoor Lovers with Seasonal Allergies]
Allergy sufferers may also select to combat symptoms with medication designed to shut below or trick the immune sensitivity in the body. Whether over-the-counter or prescription, most allergy pills work by releasing chemicals into the body that bind naturally to histamine — the protein that reacts to the allergen and causes an immune response — negating the protein's effect.
Other allergy remedies attack the symptoms at the source.
Nasal sprays contain athletic ingredients that decongest by soothing irritated blood vessels in the nose, while eye drops both moisturize and reduce inflammation.
Doctors may also prescribe allergy shots, Josephson said.
For kids, allergy medications are tricky. A nationally representative poll of parents with kids between ages 6 and 12 found that 21% of parents said they had trouble figuring out the correct dose of allergy meds for their child; 15% of parents gave a kid an adult form of the allergy medicine, and 33% of these parents also gave their kid the adult dose of that medicine.
Doctors may also recommend allergy shots, a neti pot that can rinse the sinuses, or a Grossan Hydropulse — an irrigating system that cleans the nose of pollens, infection and environmental irritants, Josephson said.
Alternative and holistic options, along with acupuncture, may also assist people with hay fever, Josephson said.
People can also avoid pollen by keeping their windows closed in the spring, and by using air purifiers and air conditioners at home.
Probiotics may also be helpful in stopping those itchy eyes and runny noses. A review published in the journal International Forum of Allergy and Rhinology found that people who suffer from hay fever may benefit from using probiotics, or «good bacteria,» thought to promote a healthy gut. Although the jury is still out on whether probiotics are an effective treatment for seasonal allergies, the researchers noted that these gut bacteria could hold the body's immune system from flaring up in response to allergens — something that could reduce allergy symptoms.
[5 Myths About Probiotics]
This article was updated on April 30, , by Live Science Contributor Rachel Ross.
When youre rubbing itchy eyes and sneezing your way through anallergyflare-up, do you also feel muddled and fuzzy-headed sometimes? Numerous allergy sufferers describe an experience known as brain fog — a hazy, tired feeling that makes it hard to concentrate.
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What is this phenomenon and why does it happen?
According to allergist and immunologist Mark Aronica, MD, that disconnected feeling is fatigue, and it's caused by the inflammation that results when your body tries to counteract your allergy symptoms.
"People with allergies experience inflammation," he says. "That inflammation leads to a congested nose, disrupted sleep patterns and not getting excellent rest."
And, once the cycle starts, its sometimes self-perpetuating.
You can discover it hard to go about your daily routines.
The more fatigued you are, the more difficulty you'll own performing well in school or work. It can also negatively impact your quality of life if you're too tired to do things you would normally do.
Whats really happening?
Your body produces whats called cytokines whenever youre exposed to an allergen, such as pollen, grass or mold, Dr. Aronica says. (Contrary to favorite belief, the pollen in most flowers doesnt cause allergies, but floral scents can still cause problems for people with sensitive noses.)
Cytokines are are proteins that are part of your body's immune response to foreign substances.
You also produce them when fighting infections caused by bacteria, viruses and colds.
The cytokine release causes inflammation in your nose, leading to congestion and narrowed airways.
If you own allergies, allergen exposure leads to ongoing inflammation. And nasal congestion and disturbed sleep combine to give you that fuzzy-headed feeling.
"Chronic inflammation from allergies can lead to that foggy feeling," he says. "And, you'll finish up not functioning well."
Fighting the fog
If your allergies are acting up and you feel the fog rolling in, there are a few things you can do to assist stop the debilitating cycle of symptoms, inflammation and fatigue, Dr.
Aronica says.
1. Limit your exposure.If you're allergic to pollen or grasses, do your best to stay away from them. Stay indoors when theyre at their peak.Keep your windows closed if you own air conditioning. If you do spend time exterior for longer periods, take a shower and change your clothes correct away when you come in.
If you're allergic to dust or mold, hold up with dusting and cleaning to hold them out of your home as much as possible.
Take your medicine.Medication can assist curb your allergy symptoms. Oral antihistamines (medications that prevent you from responding to the histamines that cause inflammation) are readily available. They're a temporary solution, but they are often effective.
Over-the-counter and prescription nasal sprays can also assist combat your allergy symptoms, Dr. Aronica says.
3. Get allergy shots.This is the strongest form of treatment for allergy symptoms. Little injections of allergens under the skin can assist your body build up an immunity over time.
The result is less frequent and less severe allergic rhinitis, Dr. Aronica says.
He adds that some allergy sufferers also discover relief with nasal lavage — a saline wash that cleans out the sinuses and nasal passages. Numerous people ister this type of wash with aneti pot to clear out lingering allergy symptoms.
Dr. Aronica notes that other conditions besides allergies may cause fatigue and brain fog. If you own a sore throat, cough, fever or body aches,you could own a freezing or other illness and should take medications that will combat those symptoms.
Allegra and Zyrtec are both antihistamines, but is one more effective or less likely to cause sedation than the other?
Allegra has the lowest risk of sedation out of every antihistamines so is preferred if an antihistamine is needed for people working in safety-critical jobs.
Even though Zyrtec is times more likely to cause sedation than Allegra, it is still much less sedating than some older antihistamines such as promethazine.
Other differences:
Several studies own found cetirizine (Zyrtec) to be more effective than fexofenadine (Allegra) at relieving symptoms of allergic rhinitis and urticaria, and it appears to own a longer duration of action.
Studies own not compared the effects of Allegra and Zyrtec for conditions such as postnasal drip, but research suggests intranasal antihistamines such as azelastine are more effective.
Allegra works within two hours and Zyrtec works within one hour.
Allegra should not be taken with grapefruit juice.
Zyrtec has no reported food interactions.
Zyrtec and Allegra should not be taken at the same time, instead, if symptoms are persisting, it is better to take another drug with a diverse mechanism of action.
Allegra is a brand name for the drug fexofenadine and Zyrtec is a brand name for the drug cetirizine. Both fexofenadine and cetirizine are favorite antihistamines with numerous similarities but there are some significant differences.
Which is more sedating? Allegra or Zyrtec?
Allegra (fexofenadine) and Zyrtec (cetirizine) are second-generation antihistamines. Second-generation antihistamines were first developed in the s to provide allergy relief without the unwanted side effect of sedation common to first-generation antihistamines such as promethazine and diphenhydramine.
However, it soon became apparent that not every second-generation antihistamines were equal when it came to not causing drowsiness or affecting other thought processes. Cetirizine is significantly more likely than fexofenadine to cause drowsiness.
Fexofenadine (Allegra), even in dosages exceeding those recommended, is the least sedating of every second-generation antihistamines, so is considered the antihistamine of choice for people in safety-critical jobs such as airline pilots.
Which is more effective for Allergic rhinitis?
Trials own shown both Allegra (fexofenadine) and Zyrtec (cetirizine) are significantly more effective than placebo (a pretend pill) for reducing symptoms associated with allergic rhinitis, hay fever, and other allergies.
Trials own not consistently shown that one antihistamine is more effective than another; however, one trial reported cetirizine produced a 26% greater reduction in the number of allergic rhinitis symptoms at 12 hours and 14% greater reduction in symptoms overall compared with fexofenadine. Cetirizine also appeared more effective for symptoms such as runny nose, sneezing, itchy/watery eyes, and itchy nose, mouth or throat. Cetirizine was slightly more likely (%) than fexofenadine to cause drowsiness.
Another trial reported similar findings (33% greater reduction in allergic rhinitis symptoms) and also found cetirizine had a longer duration of effect.
Intranasal or ophthalmic (into the eye) antihistamines own a quicker onset of action than oral antihistamines (within about 15 minutes); however, they need to be istered several times daily. In people with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and predominantly eye symptoms, ophthalmic antihistamines work much quicker (within 3 to 15 minutes) and are much more effective than any other form of treatment.
Intranasal antihistamines are as effective as intranasal cromolyn, intranasal nedocromil, and leukotriene modifiers in seasonal allergic rhinitis; however, are not as effective at relieving nasal congestion and other symptoms as intranasal glucocorticoids.
Allegra Vs Zyrtec for urticaria and other skin reactions
All second generation antihistamines, including Allegra and Zyrtec, are effective for acute and chronic urticaria, although more trials own been conducted in people with chronic urticaria. One trial found cetirizine to be more effective than fexofenadine at relieving symptoms in 97 patients with chronic urticaria with % of participants taking cetirizine reporting themselves as symptom-free after 28 days of treatment compared with only % of participants taking fexofenadine.
Partial improvement was reported by % of people assigned cetirizine (% assigned fexofenadine) and % experienced no improvement with cetirizine (% with fexofenadine). No difference in side effects was noted between the two.
Allegra Vs Zyrtec for Postnasal Drip
Post nasal drip may happen for various reasons — allergies (particularly to dairy), colds or flu, various drugs (including birth control pills and high blood pressure tablets), freezing temperatures, bright lights, hormonal changes and spicy foods.
Thin postnasal drip secretions caused by allergies may be treated with antihistamines.
Second-generation antihistamines such as Allegra and Zyrtec may offer better relief than older-type antihistamines such as promethazine (older antihistamines tend to thicken post-nasal secretions). Intranasal antihistamines, such as azelastine, own a faster onset of action (15 minutes) and appear more effective than oral antihistamines although require more frequent istration. Other treatments include decongestants, cromolyn, and corticosteroid nasal sprays.
In the treatment of post nasal drip caused by nonallergic causes, oral second-generation antihistamines are not extremely effective. However, the intranasal antihistamine azelastine is effective.
Azelastine improves every rhinitis symptoms including nasal congestion, postnasal drip, sneezing and sleeping difficulty.
The most common side effect is a metallic aftertaste; however, this is more likely at higher dosages and tends to dissipate with continued use.
Allegra Vs Zyrtec To Relieve Freezing Symptoms
Second-generation antihistamines (such as Allegra and Zyrtec) own limited effectiveness at relieving symptoms of freezing such as a runny nose and sneezing (only 45% of adults felt better after using them compared to 35% with placebo [a pretend pill]). Effects were only noticeable if used within the first two days of a freezing, use of antihistamines made no difference thereafter.
Allegra Vs Zyrtec: istration
The antihistamine effects of Allegra and Zyrtec final for at least 24 hours, therefore, they are both given once daily.
Fexofenadine, the athletic ingredient of Allegra works within two hours. Cetirizine, the athletic ingredient of Zyrtec works within one hour.
Allegra Vs Zyrtec: Side Effects, Interactions and Price
Side effects are generally mild with second-generation antihistamines and include a headache and rarely dry mouth, and nausea. Zyrtec is times more likely than Allegra to cause sedation; however, Zyrtec is still much less sedating than older antihistamines such as promethazine.
Side effects are generally mild with second-generation antihistamines and include a headache and rarely dry mouth, and nausea.
Every the second generation antihistamines currently on the market appear free from adverse cardiovascular effects. Few major interactions own been reported with either Allegra or Zyrtec; however, there is the possibility that side effects such as sedation, confusion, and mental alertness may be enhanced if given with other drugs with this side effect.
Grapefruit juice appears to decrease the rate and extent of absorption of fexofenadine (Allegra) by about 30%.
Cetirizine (Zyrtec) has no reported interactions with grapefruit or grapefruit products. More studies are needed to determine if there are any interactions between second generation antihistamines and herbal products and other types of food. Always speak with your doctor of pharmacist before using any drugs in combination.
Cost is similar for 30 Allegra and 30 Zyrtec tablets and both are available as generics.
See also: Compare Tool — Allegra vs Zyrtec
Post-Nasal Drip. American Academy of Otolaryngology — Head and Neck Surgery.
Sharma M, Bennett C, Cohen SN, Carter B. H1-antihistamines for chronic spontaneous urticaria. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews , Issue Art.
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Slater JW1, Zechnich AD, Haxby -generation antihistamines: a comparative Jan;57(1)
Banfield C, Gupta S, Marino M, et al. Grapefruit juice reduces the oral bioavailability of fexofenadine but not desloratadine. Clin Pharmacokinet. ;41(4)
Day JH1, Briscoe MP, Rafeiro E, et al. Comparative efficacy of cetirizine and fexofenadine for seasonal allergic rhinitis, hours postdose, in the environmental exposure unit.
Allergy Asthma Proc. Jul-Aug;26(4)
Meltzer EO, Caballero F, Fromer LM, Krouse JH, Scadding G. Treatment of congestion in upper respiratory diseases. International Journal of General Medicine. ;
Mann RD, Pearce GL, Dunn N, Shakir S. Sedation with "non-sedating" antihistamines: four prescription-event monitoring studies in general practice. BMJ?: British Medical Journal. ;()
Handa S, Dogra S, Kumar B. Comparative efficacy of cetirizine and fexofenadine in the treatment of chronic idiopathic urticaria.J Dermatolog Treat. Jan;15(1)
Simon FER, Simons KJ. H1 Antihistamines: Current Status and Future Directions. The World Allergy Organization Journal.
;1(9) doi/
Hampel F, Ratner P, Mansfield L, et al. Fexofenadine hydrochloride, mg, exhibits equivalent efficacy to cetirizine, 10 mg, with less drowsiness in patients with moderate-to-severe seasonal allergic rhinitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. Oct;91(4)
Children are magnets for colds. But when the sniffles and sneezing won't go away for weeks, the culprit may be allergies.
Long-lasting sneezing, with a stuffy or runny nose, may signal the presence of allergic rhinitis—the collection of symptoms that affect the nose when you own an allergic reaction to something you breathe in and that lands on the lining inside the nose.
Allergies may be seasonal or can strike year-round (perennial).
In most parts of the United States, plant pollens are often the cause of seasonal allergic rhinitis—more commonly called hay fever. Indoor substances, such as mold, dust mites, and pet dander, may cause the perennial kind.
Up to 40 percent of children suffer from allergic rhinitis. And children are more likely to develop allergies if one or both parents own allergies.
The U.S. Food and Drug istration (FDA) regulates over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription medicines that offer allergy relief as well as allergen extracts used to diagnose and treat allergies.
Take care to read and follow the directions provided when giving any medicine to children, including these products.
Immune System Reaction
An allergy is the body's reaction to a specific substance, or allergen. Our immune system responds to the invading allergen by releasing histamine and other chemicals that typically trigger symptoms in the nose, lungs, throat, sinuses, ears, eyes, skin, or stomach lining.
In some children, allergies can also trigger symptoms of asthma—a disease that causes wheezing or difficulty breathing. If a kid has allergies and asthma, "not controlling the allergies can make asthma worse," says Anthony Durmowicz, M.D., a pediatric pulmonary doctor at the FDA.
Avoid Pollen, Mold and Other Allergy Triggers
If your kid has seasonal allergies, pay attention to pollen counts and attempt to hold your kid inside when the levels are high.
In the tardy summer and early drop, during ragweed pollen season, pollen levels are highest in the morning.
In the spring and summer, during the grass pollen season, pollen levels are highest in the evening.
Some molds, another allergy trigger, may also be seasonal.
For example, leaf mold is more common in the fall.
Sunny, windy days can be especially troublesome for pollen allergy sufferers.
It may also assist to hold windows closed in your home and car and run the air conditioner.
Allergy Medicines for Children
For most children, symptoms may be controlled by avoiding the allergen, if known, and using OTC medicines. But if a child's symptoms are persistent and not relieved by OTC medicines, see a health care professional.
Although some allergy medicines are approved for use in children as young as 6 months, the FDA cautions that simply because a product's box says that it is intended for children does not mean it is intended for children of every ages.
Always read the label to make certain the product is correct for your child's age.
When your kid is taking more than one medication, read the label to be certain that the athletic ingredients aren't the same. Although the large print may tell the product is to treat a certain symptom, diverse products may own the same medicine (active ingredient). It might seem that you are buying diverse products to treat diverse symptoms, but in fact the same medicine could be in every the products. The result: You might accidently be giving too much of one type of medicine to your child.
Children are more sensitive than adults to numerous drugs. For example, some antihistamines can own adverse effects at lower doses on young patients, causing excitability or excessive drowsiness.
Allergy Shots and Children
Jay E.
Slater, M.D., a pediatric allergist at the FDA, says that children who don't reply to either OTC or prescription medications, or who suffer from frequent complications of allergic rhinitis, may be candidates for allergen immunotherapy—commonly known as allergy shots.
After allergy testing, typically by skin testing to detect what allergens your kid may react to, a health care professional injects the kid with "extracts"—small amounts of the allergens that trigger a reaction. The doses are gradually increased so that the body builds up immunity to these allergens.
Allergen extracts are manufactured from natural substances, such as pollens, insect venoms, animal hair, and foods. More than 1, extracts are licensed by the FDA.
In , the FDA approved three new immunotherapy products that are taken under the tongue for treatment of hay fever caused by certain pollens, two of them for use in children.
Every of them are intended for daily use, before and during the pollen season. They are not meant for immediate symptom relief. Although they are intended for at-home use, these are prescription medications, and first doses are taken in the presence of a health care provider. The products are Oralair, Grastek, and Ragwitek (which is approved for use in adults only).
In , the FDA approved Odactra, the first immunotherapy product istered under the tongue for treatment of home dust mite induced allergic rhinitis (nasal inflammation) with or without conjunctivitis (eye inflammation).
Odactra is approved for use only in adults.
"Allergy shots are never appropriate for food allergies," adds Slater, "but it's common to use extracts to test for food allergies so the kid can avoid those foods."
"In the final 20 years, there has been a remarkable transformation in allergy treatments," says Slater. "Kids used to be miserable for months out of the year, and drugs made them incredibly sleepy. But today's products offer proven approaches for relief of seasonal allergy symptoms."
Health Other allergy best for medicine Questions
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