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December 30, 2020 ~ Orvillewrong	~ 12 Comments
Lieutenant Michel J.C.M.Coiffard – French Ace – 1892 / 1918
Coiffard was born in Nantes, Liore Atlantique on the 16th of July 1892 to Jean Coiffard and Mary Josephine Teresa de Laurent. He was christened Michel Joseph Calixte Marie. He joined the Army on the 16th of November 1910. The following year he served against the Rifs in Morocco. He also served in Tunisia prior to World War One. He was wounded three times during his service in Africa, and was awarded three citations whilst there. He was serving in an artillery unit when World War One began in 1914.
Repeatedly wounded and cited for courage under fire, Coiffard transferred to the Infantry with the rank of sergeant on the 29th of August 1914. On the 29th of May 1915, he earned the Medal Militaire for voluntarily braving heavy artillery fire to repair field phone lines between artillery and infantry units. He was finally declared unfit for ground combat because of a serious wound. Consequently, he joined the Air Service on the 4th of January 1917.
He completed flight training on the 19th of April 1917 and joined Escadrille N.154 on the 28th of June 1917. He achieved his first victory on the 5th of September 1917. Coiffard scored two more successes in early 1918. This earned him the award of Chevalier de la Legion d'honneur on the 2nd of February 1918. The citation notes that he was wounded four times as an Infantryman.
However not until the squadron transitioned in June from Nieuports to the more sturdier SPAD series did he really hit his stride. N.154 was re-designated Spa.154 to mark the change in aircraft. Coiffard had his new craft's wheels and cowling painted red and dubbed his new Spad XIII 'Mado' after his girlfriend. He also began collaborating with his squadron mates in concerted attacks on observation balloons. As a result Spa.154 would become the premier balloon-busting squadron of the war. However, the French system of awarding a victory to every pilot involved in a shoot-down blurs the actual count.
Lieutenant Coiffard succeeded to the task of Squadron Commander upon the wounding of Capitaine Lahoulle on the 15th of July. In this capacity, he was admired as a trainer of his pilots; on one occasion he sent a pilot on a months leave to recuperate from combat fatigue. As a 'balloon specialist' Coiffard made his mark as a warrior, destroying nine Drachen balloons in July, along with three German aircraft. At the end of July he had run his score to 17, adding eight in August and six more in September. On three occasions, he shot down three balloons on the same day. On the last of these triple victory days, the 15th of September, he and his wingman downed three observation balloons in six minutes.
On the 28th of October 1918, Spa.154 was on patrol. Coiffard spotted German Fokker D.VII's, and gave the signal to attack, which was seen only by his wingman. He and Second Lieutenant Condimene fought it out with the German patrol. Whilst downing his 34th victim ( a Fokker D.VII ) Coiffard was critically wounded by two bullets; one hit him in the thigh, the other pierced his chest back to front passing through a lung. He flew 12 kilometres back to make a perfect landing in friendly hands despite his wounds, but died three hours later while receiving a blood transfusion in an ambulance transferring him to Berenicourt. The following day he was posthumously made an Officer de la Legion d'honneur.
Coiffard's record included 24 balloons ( 21 shared ) and 10 aircraft ( 4 shared ), ranking him sixth in the list of French Aces. Only two other World War One Aces shot down more observation balloons. his awards were the Medal Militaire, Chevalier de la Legion d'honneur and Officier de la Legion d'honneur.
The Ninth Victim – Excerpt 12
December 27, 2020 ~ Orvillewrong	~ 2 Comments
The following morning, when I realised what I had done, I went directly to the Police and confessed to my wrongdoing. I was sent to trial and sentenced to ten years in prison and on reflection it was the finest thing that could have happened to me, prison changed my life for the better.' he stated candidly.
'If you have no objection to me asking, in what way did being incarcerated change you?' 'Up to my stay in prison, I had led an aimless shiftless existence with no thought to the future. The routine and discipline of prison life agreed with me, I soon realised that with a certain amount of commitment on my part, I need no longer be Pierre Dubois the aimless drifter, but with a certain amount of education, someone else, a better man.'
'To achieve this, I spent every hour that I could in the prison library, everything that I had previously dismissed, I was eager to learn. I read everything and absorbed it all. My tutors encouraged me to begin writing, initially short stories and then longer articles but all had one thing in common, they were all about this area that I know so well.'
'So, when you were released from prison, you were an established writer but without a book to build a reputation around, What transpired next?' asked Valjean, although he knew the answer. 'I had been released from prison for probably about a month. I was alone drinking in a bar, an attractive woman came in, Parisian I would guess from her clothing and mannerisms, she was definitely not local.
'She came and sat beside me at the bar, introducing herself as Marie Deschamps a name that I was familiar with through my time spent in the prison library. she asked me if I knew the area well as she was here doing research for her latest novel.'
'I replied, that I knew the area like the back of my hand and offered my services as a guide. she accepted and I found myself working as her research assistant on her latest project. 'Was this the reason that she mentored you on your own projects?' 'No that came much later, after we had become lovers.'
'I have no inclination as to how it happened, but we just seemed to click, I had no idea that a woman like that would be attracted to someone like me, yet it happened.'
'When you met, had she not recently divorced her husband?' queried Valjean.
A Happy Christmas to all my Readers
Wishing all my friends on followers on WordPress a very merry Christmas and a Prosperous New Year. This past year has not been a happy one for many of us, due to the scourge of the Coronavirus gene, I hope and pray that the coming year will be a happier one for all of us.
Regards Malkie
Valjean decided that now was the time for shock tactics, The girls that you describe are just like the girl that was beaten and raped by Pierre Dubois, but of course you know that all too well…. don't you Pierre?'
The shock tactics worked too well, de Peysac looked like he was about to have a heart attack, he tried to get up out of his chair then collapsed back into it clutching his chest. Valjean went to the drinks cabinet and poured him a large brandy, de Peysac took a sip of the brandy then downed the remainder, to Valjean's relief a little colour returned to his face and he seemed to stabilise.
'I do apologise, that was a little cruel, I will leave if you wish me too,' offered Valjean. 'Please stay!' requested de Peysac, 'I feel that I at least owe you an explanation.'As you wish!' said Valjean, as he returned to his seat, and sat waiting expectantly.
'I knew that sooner or later my sins would return to haunt me, I just wasn't expecting it to be today. You said that you were an investigative journalist, you had obviously done your research before coming here, I would have done the same.'
'I certainly did not intend to shock you in that way, my aim was just to catch you off guard, and for that once again I apologise,' Stated Valjean in all sincerity.
'Sit back, and I will relate the tale of two men, both me, both different, neither having anything in common with the other. Pierre Dubois I would like to bury and forget,' he stated with vehemence. I identify with Marcel de Peysac, that is the real me, or are you one of these people that believes a leopard can never change its spots?'
'I came here today with an open mind, I will listen to your story and attempt not to pre – judge you, after all you paid for the crime that you admit too!'
'Pierre Dubois was a poorly educated adolescent, he sought to be popular and was easily led, often by people who liked to use him as the butt of their jokes. They mistreated him, but he couldn't see it, he thought they were his friends.'
'One night he was in the local bar, a little the worse for drink when a young girl came in whom he knew vaguely. He made a rather clumsy pass at her, she shunned him and left the bar. Of course, his so-called friends admonished him, for letting a little slip of a girl make a fool of him.'
'Like a fool he staggered after her and caught up with her at the edge of the forest, he attempted to kiss her, she scratched his face and kicked him in the shins. Inflamed by the alcohol he had consumed and the taunts of his friends, he lost his temper, punched her in the face then dragged her semi-conscious into the forest and had his way with her. And there is not a day go's by when he dos not regret that incident.'
Valjean much to his surprise, believed every word, de Peysac was an author, not an actor, his rhetoric was so faultless that Valjean was convinced of his innocence.
Major Roderic Stanley Dallas – Australian Ace – 1891 / 1918 Part Two
On the 3rd of December 1915, Dallas joined No.1 Naval Wing and began flying combat missions using single seat Nieuport 11 fighters and two-seater Caudrons out of Dunkirk, France. Early in his career there, a practical joker imitating the Commanding Officer telephoned Dallas who was the Duty Officer and peremptorily ordered him to take off in a propeller less Breguet. Upon learning that he had been tricked, Dallas joined in the laughter, he not only accepted the resulting nickname of 'Breguet' but also used it as a signature on his letters to home. Having made two unconfirmed claims in February 1916 Dallas scored his first confirmed victory on the 23rd of April. He outmanoeuvred a German Aviatik C. and shot it out of control, following his victim down to 2.000 feet , though heavy anti-aircraft fire holed his plane in several places. he went on to three more victories flying the Nieuport 11.
On the 23rd of June 1916, Dallas took delivery of the newest R.N.A.S. fighter Sopwith Triplane # N 500. This was the original prototype, having undergone Admiralty trials before being shipped to France. Though still only a test plane, it was flown in combat just 15 minutes after its arrival. Dallas named it 'Brown Bread' and it was the first of a series of 'Tripes' that he would fly and fight in over the next year. He achieved his first victory with 'Brown Bread' on the 1st of July 1916, the same day that he was promoted to Flight Lieutenant. Three days later he was recommended for further promotion. He scored his last Nieuport-mounted kill on the 9th of July 1916, earning the Croix de Guerre and a mention in despatches for coming to the aid of a French Maurice Farman biplane. On the 7th of September 1916, Dallas was awarded The Distinguished Service Cross, 'For the gallant manner in which he has carried out his duties,' since first seeing action in December 1915. By the end of the year he was numbered amongst the earliest of the R.N.A.S. aces, with 8 confirmed, and 4 unconfirmed victories, and had been raised to the rank of Flight Commander.
Dallas became one of the best-known pilots of Sopwith Triplanes in the R.N.A.S. He opened 1917 by setting an altitude record of 26.000 Feet in the Triplane while testing a prototype oxygen set, he endured frostbite and oxygen intoxication in the process. By now No.1 Wings fighter squadron had been renumbered as No.1 Squadron R.N.A.S. and had totally re-equipped with production Triplanes. It also shifted airfields from Veurne in Belgium to Chipilly in France, leaving behind R.N.A.S. control by transferring to No.14 Wing, 4th Brigade of the R.F.C. Formation flying became the order of the day, as the practice of fighter pilots soloing into combat dwindled. The last three weeks of March were also filled with Dallas's responsibilities for flight and gunnery testing. As British losses in the air began to mount during 'Bloody April', Dallas and his squadron moved airfields once more to La Bellevue. They were then in position to take a prominent part in the subsequent battle of Arras, where the intense aerial fighting saw Dallas add to his burgeoning score. The combat of the 23rd of April became known as one of the classic air battles of the war. Dallas and his wingman Thomas Culling took on a squadron-sized formation of 14 German aircraft, having gained an altitude edge on their foes. The naval aces exploited this edge by making quick diving attacks from opposite sides, culminating in short bursts of machine-gun fire. Using the Triplanes superior climbing abilities, they would then bob back up to position themselves for the next assault. In contrast to the usual hit and run tactics of most dogfights, the R.N.A.S. duo launched at least 20 gunnery runs over 45 minutes. The Germans were forced progressively lower, into disarray and then chased back over their own lines. While they shot down three of the enemy aircraft, Dallas and Culling also achieved a more important outcome by blocking and then breaking up a determined enemy effort against the British ground offensive. The action led to the award of a Bar to the Distinguished Service Cross for Dallas and for Culling the Distinguished Service Cross, which were gazetted on the 29th of June 1917.
By June 1917, Dallas had achieved over 20 victories in aerial combat, this experience and his leadership ability, led to his appointment as Commanding Officer of No.1 Naval Squadron on the 23rd of June 1917. The unit had been forced to cut back its operational strength from 18 to 15 aircraft due to lack of pilot replacements and a shortage of spare parts for their aging Triplanes. It had also moved airfields, to an unprepared site at Bailleul. On the ground, Dallas proved to be an efficient organiser, designing and direc ting construction of the new airbase. It was also during this time that he wrote a treatise on air combat tactics, extracts of which have survived. Both the air base layout and the treatise displayed his talent has a sketch artist. On the 2nd of November 1917, No.1 Squadron moved airfields once more, to Middle Aerodrome which put it back under overall R.N.A.S. control. The unit received its first eight new Sopwith Camels on the 9th of November as replacements for the aging Triplanes. On the 11th of November, Dallas was once again mentioned in dispatches, this time by Field Marshal Haig. After receiving its full complement of Camels, N0.1 Squadron was transferred back to England, and took up Home Defence duties at Dover. On the 16th of February 1918, Dallas led his Squadron back to France, where it was based at Teteghem, supporting units on operations along the Belgian coast. He commanded this unit until the 31st of March.
As part of the amalgamation of the R.N.A.S. and R.F.C. to form the Royal Air Force on the 1st of April 1918, Dallas was promoted to Major and given command of No. 40 Squadron R.A.F. flying Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.5s. The squadron boasted several aces in its ranks, and its former R.F.C members were suspicious of Dallas's naval background. He was nevertheless able to overcome their misgivings and established himself as the new C.O. with his personal demeanour and courage, The nickname of 'Admiral' that they bestowed upon him was an affectionate one. Ten days after taking over, he had adapted well enough to his new mount with its inline engine to score his first victory with his new unit. His men also saw that he would not only look out for his rookie pilots, but would not shirk the dangers of ground attack sorties. His offhand attitude to two leg wounds he received during a strafing mission on the 14th of April, after which he made a perfect landing, especially impressed his subordinates, as did his appreciation of all ranks for the hard work they put in. His studious bent continued to serve him, he kept notes on his methods of attacking enemy aircraft, which often exploited their structural weaknesses and used them to tutor pilots under his command.
Dallas was briefly hospitalised by wounds to his thigh and heel on 14th of April, but sneaked out four days later to rejoin his squadron, his departure may have been spurred by the news of the capture of his friend Richard Minifie. As soon as he was able, Dallas was flying again. By the 26th of April he had increased his official score to 37, and been awarded the Distinguished Service Order for his part in the operations at Dunkirk. He had also been recommended for the Victoria Cross on several occasions, but it was never approved. His somewhat casual attitude towards claiming victories was noted by a member of No.40 Squadron, Cecil Usher who noted that Dallas once remarked of an opponent, 'He went down belching a lot of black smoke and after he had gone down someways one of his planes came off, but I didn't see him crash so I shan't claim him' On the 2nd of May, during a lull in the fighting at Flanders, Dallas took off in his S.E.5 to taunt his foes. He strafed the German base at La Brayelle to 'attract attention' before dropping a package on the Aerodrome with a note reading, 'If you won't come up here and fight, herewith a pair of boots for work on the ground, pilots for the use of' he then circled in mist until troops came to handle the bundle, whereupon he dropped two bombs and once again shot up the base causing 'general panic.' The news of this singular exploit reportedly provoked laughter from Field Marshal Haig and founder of the R.A.F. General Sir Hugh Trenchard, men not known for their sense of humour. Whilst adding to his score and leading his squadron in combat, Dallas had began thinking beyond the war. He was pleading with his father to quit the dangerous job of mining, with hints that he would support his parents by pioneering aviation in Australia. He also harboured a long – standing ambition of flying from England back to Australia, which would be a record setting journey.
Dallas was raised to Lieutenant Colonel and appointed to the command of a Wing, but he would never read the message that came from Headquarters, that arrived on June the 1st 1918 advising of his promotion and ordering to cease flying. He disappeared on a solo mission the same day. It was later learned that he was killed over Lievin during combat with three Fokker Triplanes from Jagdstaffel 14, probably by its commander Leutnant Johannes Werner. So ended the career of one of the leading lights of the newly formed Royal Air Force. Dallas's official victory score stands at 39, but his Squadron colleagues say that this should be over 50, due to Dallas's cavalier attitude to claiming.
'You, as an author, have written eight best-selling novels all about girls missing from this area who have either been found dead or are still missing. There is a certain train of thought that believes that you personally know a little too much about these girls, so you must therefore be the perpetrator.'
De Peysac, much to Valjean's surprise burst out laughing, once he had calmed down, he explained, 'I am sorry but I have heard that same story or variations of it, that I can only treat it with humour or contempt.'
'So, why do you choose to write about this area, and in particular, the missing girls?'
'The person who encouraged me to become a writer, said write about what you know, things and places that you are comfortable with. I was born in this area and have lived all my life here, so what would be more natural than to translate that into words.'
'Put that way, I can make a certain sense of it, but what is the significance of the wild boars, they feature in the title of every book you have written, why?'
'You are city bred, so you would not understand, in the forests of this area, the wild boar is for want of a better description, our local refuse collector. They will eat virtually anything that to my way of thinking is why no whole bodies have been recovered, only bones.'
'During the research for your books, did you discover any connection between any of the victims, did they know each other, did they have anything in common with each other?'
'They were all aged between seventeen and twenty-three and they were all brunettes. Why they were alone in the forest I have no idea? but someone in this area knows, maybe I am getting close to discovering the culprit, hence the smear campaign. One thing I will state categorically is that if the killer is working to some sort of sick schedule, at anytime now there should be a ninth victim!'
December 9, 2020 ~ Orvillewrong	~ 2 Comments
Major Roderic Stanley Dallas – Australian Ace – 1891 / 1918
Roderic Stanley ( Stan ) Dallas was born on the 30th of July 1891 at Mount Stanley station, Esk, Queensland to labourer Peter McArthur Dallas and his wife Honora. Mount Stanley was an isolated property and journeys to and from Esk were long and infrequent; Stan was the first Caucasian child to be born at the station. His family moved to Tenterfield, New South Wales, soon after the birth of his younger brother in 1893. The family returned to Queensland in 1898, settling in Mount Morgan where his father became a shift boss at the local mines. Stan attended Mount Morgan Boy's School from February 1899, and eventually joined its cadet corps, rising to the rank of sergeant. At school he was noted for his intelligence, ability to get on with others and his quiet sense of humour. He enjoyed the outdoors and spent many hours in the mountains behind the family's home, observing birds of prey.
In July 1907, Dallas joined the assay office of the Mount Morgan Gold Mining Company, and also enrolled in the local technical college, where he took night classes in Chemistry and Technical Drawing. He showed an early interest in Aviation, fuelled by the establishment of the Mount Morgan Chapter of the Queensland Aero Club. Dallas and his younger brother Norvel built a glider, which was wrecked by an untimely gust of wind the first time they attempted to launch it. The brothers continued to build model gliders, in spite of this initial disaster, and Stan corresponded with aviation pioneers in France, England and the United States. He later transferred to a higher paying job as a truck driver for Iron Island ironstone quarries. Stan and Norvel once again built their own flying machine while Stan was working on Iron Island. They experimented with this seaplane on nearby Marble Island, notorious for its treacherous waters. Stan lost this aeroplane in the sea.
At 1.88 Metres ( 6ft 2ins ) tall, and weighing 101Kg ( 223 lbs ), Dallas would surprise observers with his ability to fit into the cramped cockpits of fighter planes. Despite his size, he was considered a fine athlete with quick reflexes. Although he could project a loud speaking voice, he was generally soft-spoken and was not known to curse or drink alcohol, nor often to smoke. Dallas stayed fit through regular exercise at the gym, and played rugby union football. He had exceptionally keen eyesight, which he had trained by reading small print in newspapers at the six-foot length of his family's table. To balance out athletics, he participated in amateur theatrics, where his strong voice served him well.
Dallas joined the Port Curtis Militia in 1913, and was commissioned as a lieutenant prior to the outbreak of war. Believing he had little chance of gaining a place in the recently established Australian Flying Corps, He applied to join the British Royal Flying Corps but was rejected. Undaunted he travelled from Queensland to Melbourne, where he impressed Minister without Portfolio J.A.Jensen, Jensen gave the young aspirant a letter to The Australian High Commissioner in London, Sir George Reid. Dallas paid his own passage to England, and once there applied once again to join the R.F.C. rejected again he turned to the Royal Naval Air Service ( R.N.A.S.) and was accepted, topping the entrance examination over 83 other students. He was commissioned as a flight sub-lieutenant and began his training at Hendon in June 1915, gaining Pilot's license # 1512 on the 5th of August 1915.
The Ninth Victim – Excerpt 9
He washed, shaved and generally smartened himself up for the meeting. It was important that he gave the impression of a somewhat eager journalist. Possibly with a little charm and flattery he might unearth the real de Peysac. Would he find Pierre Dubois, had he graduated to become a serial killer, or was he just a pawn in someone else's game?
Valjean enquired at the hotel reception for directions to de Peysac's residence, apparently it was a short drive by car and quite easy to find. Within a short time Valjean was pulling into de Peysac's driveway. His luck had definitely taken a turn for the better if his home was anything to go by. Valjean was impressed.
Valjean pressed the doorbell and the door opened within seconds, he sensed de Peysac had been waiting for him. This was goods news for it meant that de Peysac has fallen for Valjean's ploy about being a journalist.
de Peysac ushered him inside, introduced himself, shook hands then led Valjean to a chair and then sat down himself in the one opposite. Valjean studied the man facing him, he was dressed casually in an open neck shirt and slacks, casually but not sloppily. Valjean placed him in his mid-thirties, although he knew he was slightly older. he had a good head of dark wavy hair, greying slightly at the temples, regular features and a welcoming smile. Natural or a tribute to a good dentist, but on all counts he looked the successful author. It was not just a character that he had invented for himself.
'May I offer you a drink, Alain?' Valjean was distracted from his thoughts by de Peysac's voice. 'Not for me, thank you, but do you mind if I smoke?' queried Valjean.'Not at all, may I beg one off you, I quit months ago, but I'd be a liar to say I wasn't tempted. Valjean extracted a crumpled packet of Gauloise from his trouser pocket, offered one to de Peysac and lit it for him, then selected one for himself, he lit it, feeling the familiar pleasure as he inhaled.
'Where would you like to begin, have you any preferences? enquired de Peysac.
December 2, 2020 December 2, 2020 ~ Orvillewrong	~ 4 Comments
Capitano Ernesto Cabruna – Italian Ace – 1889 / 1960
Ernesto Cabruna was born the 2nd of June 1889 in Tortona, the Kingdom of Italy. His family were merchants. Young Cabruna attended technical school until, on the 18th of October 1907, he joined the Carabinieri Reali, Italy's version of the Military Police. The following year, he performed commendably during the 1908 Messina earthquake. On the 30th of September 1911 he was promoted to Vice – Brigadiere. From April 1912 to May 1913 he was transferred to Tripolitania, Libya. He later took part in the occupation of Rhodes.
On the 31st of January 1915, Cabruna was promoted to Brigadiere. In October 1915 he was posted to the 10th company of the Turin and Allievi ( Cadets ) Legion. On the 15th of May 1915 whilst stationed near Asiago, he rescued victims of an Austro – Hungarian bombing raid, while under fire. his valour was rewarded with a Bronze Medal for Military Valour. In July 1916, Cabruna returned to Torino for pilot's training. He was granted two licenses for the Maurice Farman 14, awarded on the 6th of October and the 16th of November 1916. He was posted to 29a Sqadriglia on the 28th of December 1916. He would fly reconnaissance missions while so assigned.
Ernesto Cabruna, flew his first combat sortie on the 2nd of January 1917. On the 31st of May 1917, he was promoted to Maresciallo. After completing training on Nieuport fighters, he was assigned to a fighter squadron, 84a Squadriglia. on the 21st of September 1917, he was transferred to another fighter Squadron, 80a Squadriglia. He scored his first aerial victory on the 26th of October, and another on the 5th of December. By the end of 1917, Cabruna merited a Silver award of the Medal for Military Valour.
On the 26th of January 1918, he was transferred to another fighter Squadron, 77a Sqadriglia. Their Squadron insignia was a red heart on a white circle, aft of this Cabruna added his own marking, the coat of arms of his native city of Tortona. He would score a victory with his new Squadron on the 12th of March 1918. On the 29th of March he broke away from his unit and singlehandedly attacked 11 enemy aircraft. Cabruna fired several bursts of machine gun fire into a red fighter, which exited in an abrupt dive. this daring feat was captured on the cover of a leading Italian magazine, Domenica del Corriere, the illustration was by Achille Beltrame. Although existing Austro – Hungarian losses failed to support it, Cabruna was credited with the victory.
On the 4th of April 1918, he was commissioned in to the Officer's ranks in a battlefield promotion. On the 15th of June 1918, the number of enemy aircraft was 30, but Cabruna once again plunged into solo combat and downed his fifth victim to become an ace. He shot down two more in June, before hitting a dry spell. On the 26th of September 1918 he crashed an Ansaldo A.1.Balilla in a landing accident breaking his collarbone. The new aircraft had broken an oil line, spurting oil blinded Cabruna, and he was fortunate to survive the crash landing.
He was sidelined for two days, then returned to combat duty for Italy's final offensive, the battle of Vittorio Veneto. He claimed to have shot down two enemy aircraft on the 25th of October for his final aerial victories. On the 2nd of November he strafed two enemy aircraft on the airfield at Aiello and destroyed them. The following day the Austro – Hungarians surrendered. Cabruna was awarded the Gold Medal for Military Valour for his later exploits. The Bongiovanni commission of 1919 conformed eight of the nine victories that Cabruna had claimed, seven enemy aircraft and a observation balloon.


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J2-Bullying Prevention
(Formerly Policy #08.13.2010)
The School Committee is committed to providing a safe, positive and productive educational environment where students can achieve the highest academic standards. No student shall be subjected to harassment, intimidation, bullying, or cyber-bullying.
"Bullying" is the repeated use by one or more students or school staff members of a written, verbal, or electronic expression, or a physical act or gesture, or any combination thereof, directed at a target that:
causes physical or emotional harm to the target or damage to the target's property;
places the target in reasonable fear of harm to themselves, or of damage to their property;
creates a hostile environment at school for the target;
infringes on the rights of the target at school; or
materially and substantially disrupts the education process or the orderly operation of a school.
"Cyber-bullying" means bullying through the use of technology or any electronic communication, which shall include, but shall not be limited to, any transfer of signs, signals, writing, images, sounds, data or intelligence of any nature transmitted in whole or in part by a:
photo-electronic or photo-optical system, including, but not limited to, electronic mail, internet communications, instant messages or facsimile communications.
Cyber-bullying shall also include the creation of a web page or blog in which the creator assumes the identity of another person or knowingly impersonates another person as author of posted content or messages, if the creation or impersonation creates any of the conditions enumerated in the definition of bullying.
Cyber-bullying shall also include the distribution by electronic means of a communication to more than one person or the posting of material on an electronic medium that may be accessed by one or more persons, if the distribution or posting creates any of the conditions enumerated in the definition of bullying.
Bullying and cyber-bullying may occur in and out of school, during and after school hours, at home and in locations outside of the home. When bullying and cyber-bullying are alleged, the full cooperation and assistance of parents/guardians and families are expected.
For the purpose of this policy, whenever the term bullying is used it is to denote either bullying, or cyber-bullying.
Bullying is prohibited:
On school grounds;
On property immediately adjacent to school grounds;
At school-sponsored or school-related activities;
At functions or programs whether on or off school grounds
At school bus stops;
On school buses or other vehicles owned, leased or used by the school district; or,
Through the use of technology or an electronic device owned, leased or used by the school district;
Bullying and cyber-bullying are prohibited at a location, activity, function or program that is not school-related or through the use of technology or an electronic device that is not owned, leased or used by the school district if the act or acts in question:
create a hostile environment at school for the target;
infringe on the rights of the target at school; and/or
materially and substantially disrupt the education process or the orderly operation of a school.
Prevention and Intervention Plan
The Superintendents and/or their designee shall oversee the development of a prevention and intervention plan, in consultation with all district stakeholders, which may include teachers, school staff, professional support personnel, school volunteers, administrators, community representatives, local law enforcement agencies, students, parents and guardians, consistent with the requirements of this policy, as well as state and federal laws. The bullying prevention and intervention plan shall be reviewed and updated at least biennially.
The Principal is responsible for the implementation and oversight of the bullying prevention and implementation plan within his or her school.
Students, who believe that they are a target of bullying, observe an act of bullying, or who have reasonable grounds to believe that these behaviors are taking place, are obligated to report incidents to a member of the school staff. The target shall, however, not be subject to discipline for failing to report.
The Carlisle Schools have a means for anonymous reporting of incidents of bullying available on the Website. Hard copies for anonymous reporting are available in the office. No formal disciplinary action shall be taken solely on the basis of an anonymous report.
Any student who knowingly makes a false accusation of bullying shall be subject to disciplinary action.
Parents or guardians, or members of the community, are encouraged to report an incident of bullying as soon as possible.
A member of a school staff shall immediately report any instance of bullying the staff member has witnessed or become aware of to the school principal or their designee.
Investigation Procedures
The Principal or their designee, upon receipt of a viable report, shall promptly contact the parents or guardians of a student who has been the alleged target or alleged perpetrator of bullying. The actions being taken to prevent further acts of bullying shall be discussed.
The school Principal or a designee shall promptly investigate the report of bullying, using a Bullying/Cyber-bullying Report Form which may include interviewing the alleged target, alleged perpetrator, staff members, students and/or witnesses.
Support staff shall assess an alleged target's needs for protection and create and implement a safety plan that shall restore a sense of safety for that student.
Confidentiality shall be used to protect a person who reports bullying, provides information during an investigation of bullying, or is witness to or has reliable information about an act of bullying.
If the school Principal or a designee determines that bullying has occurred they shall take appropriate disciplinary action and if it is believed that criminal charges may be pursued against the perpetrator, the principal shall consult with the school's resource officer and the Superintendent to determine if criminal charges are warranted. If it is determined that criminal charges are warranted, the local law enforcement agency shall be notified.
The investigation shall be completed within fourteen school days from the date of the report. The parents or guardians shall be contacted upon completion of the investigation and informed of the results, including whether the allegations were found to be factual, whether a violation of this policy was found, and whether disciplinary action has or shall be taken. At a minimum the Principal or their designee shall contact the parents or guardians as to the status of the investigation on a weekly basis.
Disciplinary actions for students who have committed an act of bullying or retaliation shall be in accordance with district disciplinary policies.
Each school shall document any incident of bullying that is reported per this policy and a file shall be maintained by the Principal or designee.
Confidentiality shall be maintained to the extent consistent with the school's obligations under law.
Retaliation against a person who reports bullying, provides information during an investigation of bullying, or witnesses or has reliable information about bullying, shall be prohibited.
Target Assistance
The school district shall provide counseling or referral to appropriate services, including guidance, academic intervention, and protection to students, both targets and perpetrators, affected by bullying, as necessary.
Annual training shall be provided for school employees and volunteers who have significant contact with students in preventing, identifying, responding to, and reporting incidents of bullying.
Age-appropriate, evidence-based instruction on bullying prevention shall be incorporated into the curriculum for all students.
Publication and Notice
Annual written notice of the relevant sections of the bullying prevention and intervention plan shall be provided to students and their parents or guardians, in age-appropriate terms.
Annual written notice of the bullying prevention and intervention plan shall be provided to all school staff. The faculty and staff at each school shall be trained annually on the bullying prevention and intervention plan applicable to the school.
Relevant sections of the bullying prevention and intervention plan relating to the duties of faculty and staff shall be included in the school employee handbook.
The bullying prevention and intervention plan shall be posted on the school district website.
LEGAL REFS.: Title VII, Section 703, Civil Rights Act of 1964 as amended
Federal Regulation 74676 issued by EEO Commission
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972
603 CMR 26:00
M.G.L. 71:37O; 265:43, 43A; 268:13B; 269:14A
REFERENCES: Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education's Model Bullying Prevention and Intervention Plan
CROSS REFS.: AC, Nondiscrimination
ACAB, Sexual Harassment
JBA, Student-to-Student Harassment
JIC, Student Discipline
JICFA, Prohibition of Hazing
SOURCE: MASC August 2013
Adopted 04/07/2010, Revised 2/1/12, 2/11/14,
Revised 2/12/20

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Alternativoj
Network and Admin
8 Best Yesmovies alternatives in 2021
January 3, 2021 May 24, 2020 by Noah
Movies play a significant role currently when we all face lockdowns and quarantines. We have to maintain social distancing these days because of the pandemic situation. But there is certainly not an end to the movies. You can enjoy numerous movies online on your Android devices.
Yesmovies is a nice site to watch new movies and TV shows. It provides free movies and TV shows to the users. From American to Chinese movies, YesMovies contains all the latest movies, TV series and shows.
If you are a true movie lover, you can also try sites like yesmovies. These sites also offer similar features to YesMovies and you can enjoy every weekend with good movies and TV shows. Let us have a look at different alternatives toYesMovies.
Best Yesmovies alternatives 2020
1. GoMovies
2. Amazon prime
3. Cmovies
4. 123Movies
5. YoMovies
6. Popcornflix
7. MoviesJoy
8. Putlocker
GoMoviesis one of the best yesmovies alternatives that you can download on your smartphones. It is the platform wherein you get the top-rated movies and TV shows. Further, the site contains different categories to make your task easier.
You have to do a simple registration process to enjoy online movies and TV shows. It also suggests the movies according to different categories. They include top-rated, popular, IMDb rating, and others. Apart from that, this site gets fresh movies and TV shows every day.
GoMovies is different from other websites. It does not charge monthly subscription fees. You can watch unlimited movies and shows without spending a single penny. Moreover, it works on all the compatible devices like mobiles, PC, and laptops without any problem.
Every mobile phone user has this app on his/her smartphone. Amazon Prime is one of the world's most popular sites like yesmovies with a large library. It offers you the movies and TV series of different genres. You can pick Bollywood or Hollywood movies depending on the genre.
Further, you can get a free trial of one month on Amazon Prime. It does not show ads to interrupt your joy of watching movies and TV shows. Moreover, this app shows all the content in high-quality video resolutions. You can select any video format to enjoy online movies and TV shows.
Amazon Prime is a nice companion when you have to go for family trips or business tours. It also contains eBooks, songs beautiful photos.
Also Read: Best sites like Wiziwig
The next platform on the list is Cmovies site. It is the best alternative to yesmovies that gives free movies and TV series. It has a large movie database for every movie lover. Besides that, you can watch the content in rich quality video formats.
Further, this site contains movies and TV shows from action to adventure. You can also get movies according to the different titles. They are IMDb ratings, popularity, trending ones, and so on.
In addition to that, the attractive user-interface of Cmovies will make your task better to find movies. Apart from that, you do not have to do a sign-up process like in other sites. You can watch movies without login or registration for free of cost on your mobiles or PCs.
If you want reliable yesmovies alternatives, you can select the 123Movies site. It is one of the most recommended sites for movie fans. Containing the list of numerous movies and TV shows, this site gives you unlimited entertainment.
The site is updated with fresh content daily. Apart from that, you can choose different video formats to watch online movies, videos, and shows. You can also get content with different headings like top ratings, most viewed, and others.
In addition to that, you can download movies and TV shows without paying any penny. There is a search button on the right side to type the name of the movie or show. The site is also updated regularly with new movies and TV shows and animated series.
Many people like watching movies without the registration process. If you are one of them, you can choose YoMovies site. It has an attractive layout as well as a user-interface for smooth working. Further, this site contains different genres of movies and TV shows.
In addition to that, this site provides the content for free of cost. You can watch or download all your favorite content on your mobile phones or PCs. With the large library of movies and TV shows, YoMovies lists the content according to the different headings.
Further, it is simple to filter the movie search by name, year of release, rating, or others. You can get both old and new movies and TV shows on this site. Furthermore, it gives you entertainment anytime and anywhere.
Whether it is comedy or romance, you can get every movie on the Popcornflix site. It includes a big list of latest and old movies and TV series for your free time. This site also contains different video resolutions. It is one of the best yesmovies alternatives for watching and downloading content.
Further, you can get some of the best movies under staff picks and trending ones. It also contains content of various other genres for movie fans. You can spend the full week searching the top-rated movies and shows on the Popcornflix site.
Additionally, the directory of the site is updated with new movies and shows. You can watch and download movies and TV shows without spending money. However, it contains some ads between the movies. You can still download the site for a good weekend.
The next platform on the list of sites like yesmovies is MoviesJoy. It is a good way to watch movies and TV shows with family members and friends. Apart from that, this platform contains HD mode for more entertainment.
In addition to that, it contains movies of different genres. They include romance, action, sci-fi, history, adventure, and so on. Besides that, you can also get content according to top-rated, trending, and others. The search column will help you to find the content by writing name, year, or genre.
Further, MoviesJoy updates every day with new movies and TV series. It does not need any registration process.
Putlocker is a very famous name when it comes to watching and downloading free movies. It is among the recommended yesmovies alternatives that you can download on your Android devices.
Further, it is very easy to find the movies by typing name, year of release, and genres. This site also contains various video resolutions for watching content. Whether you are in the office or home, you can enjoy free movies in Putlocker.
Additionally, you can download the content and watch it later on the devices. It also gives you entertainment while going to business tours by train, cars or buses. Furthermore, it includes different genres for different movie lovers.
This is the full list of yesmovies alternatives you can try for watching or downloading free content. They present genuine video links and do not face technical issues as well. Apart from that, you can watch movies in a clear video format.
So now, you can host the movie party this weekend with your family members. You can pick the above sites like yesmovies for free movies and TV shows.
Nohan Dupont is a 21 year old blogger from Belgium. He writes about latest websites, software, games alternatives and home products available in the market.
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Rapid formation and optimization of manufacturing production networks (MPN) requires manufacturing service capability (MSC) information of each party be accessible, understandable, and processible by all others in the network. However, at the present time, MSC information is typically encoded according to local proprietary models, and thus is not interoperable. Related existing works are primarily for integration in "isolated automation" of pair-wise or small size networks and thus are not adequate to deal with the high degree of diversity, dynamics, and scales typical for a MPN. In this paper, we propose a model development framework which enables to evolve a reference model for MSC information based on the inputs from proprietary models. The developed reference model can serve as a unified semantic basis supporting interoperability of MSC information across these local proprietary models. Methodology for resolving structural and other semantic conflicts between deferent models in model development is also presented.


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Delegation of the European Union to Uruguay
Relations with the EU
Travel & Study
Consular protection for EU citizens in Uruguay
More Projects - II
Newsroom and Resources
Newsroom & Resources
Europe Day reception at EU Delegation
12.05.2022 Press and information team of the Delegation to URUGUAY
On Tuesday, May 10, the Delegation of the European Union in Uruguay held an event in celebration of Europe Day.
After two years of absence, the Delegation held the traditional Europe day reception at its premises on 10 May. Over 300 guests, including the Vice-President of the Republic, the president of the Supreme Court of Justice and six Cabinet Ministers attended the event, designed to commemorate the Europe Day, promote key EU policies and solidarity with Ukraine.
Ukraine's Honorary Consul was a guest of honour. The version of the European anthem played at the event was a recording of Kyiv Classic Symphony Orchestra's performance at the Kyiv's Maidan Square in the first days of the Russian invasion.
The green agenda was presented by an exclusive exposition of the European electric cars currently sold in Uruguay. The practical effect of EU cooperation was highlighted through a fair of the projects carried out within the framework of an EU-funded programme with the Uruguay's Congress of Governors.
The Delegation façade was also lit up with the national colours of Ukraine on the nights of 9 and 10 May. The opening speech was broadcast live and can be viewed at the following link, within our YouTube channel "UEenUruguay".
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pY3s8h-g_lY
IV European Investment Forum
European Union's Human Rights Award 2022
Call to civil society organizations on agroecology and biodiversity
Euromodel 2022
End Violence against Women & Girls
EUROPEAN UNION WEBSITES