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Мари́-Анжели́к Мемми́ ле Бла́н (, около 1712 года, Новая Франция — Париж, 15 декабря 1775 г.) — коренная американка, ставшая впоследствии монахиней ордена Августинок, знаменитостью века Просвещения и вошедшая в историю как дикий ребёнок (). После того, как Мари-Анжелик прожила 10 лет в лесу (ноябрь 1721 г. — сентябрь 1731 г.), в отрыве от цивилизации, лишенная человеческого общения, она сумела научиться чтению и письму, — исключительный случай у диких детей.

Её случай более спорный, чем у других диких детей, поэтому некоторые видные современные учёные считают его полностью или частично вымышленным. Но по мнению французского врача и писателя Сержа Ароля (), автора книги «Marie-Angélique (Haut-Mississippi, 1712 — Paris, 1775). Survie et résurrection d'une enfant perdue dix années en forêt» («Мари-Анжелик (Верхняя Миссисипи, 1712 — Париж, 1775). Выживание и восстановление ребёнка, проведшего десять лет в лесу»), Мари-Анжелик за эти 700 лет:
 единственный дикий ребёнок, чьё выживание в лесу в течение десяти лет прошло проверку подлинности в обширных собраниях архивов, в том числе, в документах, хранящихся в Секретном Архиве Ватикана,
 единственный дикий ребёнок, который, научившись читать и писать, представляет значительное интеллектуальное возрождение.

Основанием для этого заключения послужили сведения о повадках Мари-Анжелик в тот период, когда на неё открыли настоящую охоту, пытаясь изловить. Она плавала и лазала по деревьям, иногда действовала с невероятной жестокостью. Для пропитания ловила рыбу и зверей, в её обычный рацион входили растения и мясо дичи, — всё это она употребляла сырым. Впоследствии от пищи варёной или жареной ей становилось плохо. Эти привычки служили доказательством того, что период её жизни вне общества был продолжителен.

Мари-Анжелик была поймана в сентябре 1731 г. близ деревни . Поэтому она также известна под именем «сонжийской дикарки» или «дикарки из Шампани» (в литературе на английском языке Wild Child of Songy или Wild Girl of Champagne).

Шотландский философ  после встречи с Мари-Анжелик в 1765 г. называл её самым выдающимся человеком своего времени.

Биография

Происхождение
Существует несколько версий того, как девушка необычной для Франции внешности оказалась на территории Шампани, южнее города Шалон-на-Марне.

Учёный-исследователь Шарль Мари де Ла Кондамин, который встречался с ней в 1747 году и подробно её расспрашивал, пытаясь разгадать эту загадку, утверждал, что она родилась в 1712 среди эскимосов Северной Америки. Он исходил из её немногочисленных детских воспоминаниях об описании жилищ, покрытых снегом, и животных, похожих на тюленей, её пищевых пристрастий (сырая рыба и сырое мясо) а также из того факта, что она выбрала из нескольких кукольных костюмов эскимосский. Память мадемуазель ле Блан сохранила также два различных переезда по морю и её пребывание в странах, где есть сахарный тростник и маниок.

Я думаю, что капитан судна, отплывшего из Голландии, Шотландии или какого-то норвежского порта, взял рабов в арктических землях или на земле Лабрадора и что он перевозил их для продажи в какой-нибудь из европейских колоний на островах Вест-Индии. Там она увидит и будет есть сахарный тростник и маниок. Тот же капитан мог доставить кого-то из этих рабов в Европу, либо не обнаружив в её продаже выгоды, либо по прихоти или из любопытства, и молодость нашей маленькой дикарки может вполне естественно заслужить это предпочтение; в этом случае, вполне вероятно, что она будет продана или отдана в качестве подарка по его прибытии в Европу.

Ла Кондамин также полагал, что после покупки в порту Голландии новые хозяева могли её потом перевезти в район Арденн, где она сбежит, или же от неё откажутся добровольно из-за безнадёжности приручения.

Согласно историко-генеалогическому исследованию современного автора Жан-Поля Дениза (), проведённого на основе доступных архивных источников, эта девушка, имеющая определённые привычки своего окружения, также является аборигенкой Северной Америки.

Архивы, хранящиеся в Шотландии, предлагают другую версию её происхождения, а именно: философ и лингвист Джеймс Бернет, лорд Монбоддо (), который интересовался Мари-Анжелик во Франции в 1765 году и записывал слова из её детства, идентифицировал её язык как принадлежащий к огромной группе алгонкинских языков.

В согласии с этой версией и со ссылкой на работы Сержа Ароля, предложена такая история её обнаружения на территории метрополии.

Мари-Анжелик родилась в 1712 году в индейском племени фоксов, известных также как племя лис, занимавших часть территории Верхней Луизианы во время её управления французской администрацией. В двух крупных сражениях против французов, в 1712 и 1716 годах, это племя потеряло большую часть своих мужчин, в результате чего не могло прокормить детей. Именно в этом положении многие маленькие «лисы» (так они названы в канадских реестрах) в возрасте 5-7 лет были отданы или проданы Французской Канаде в качестве будущей прислуги. Таким образом, в 1718 году Мари-Анжелик попала к богатой канадской француженке, Мари-Шарлотте Шаре (), жене Огюстена ле Гардёр де Куртеманш (), администратора побережья Лабрадора. В их доме, до лета 1719 года, жили также две эскимосские девушки, в том числе Acoutsina, дочь вождя Ouibignaro, с целью предупреждения нападения их народа. После крупного нападения эскимосов в сентябре 1719 года на французскую концессию, а затем повсеместного пожара в форта Понтчартрейна (), мадам Куртеманш 12 сентября 1720 года была вынуждена отправиться во Францию с 3 дочерьми и с маленькой дикаркой. Ради защиты от пиратов она выбрала вооружённое рыболовное судно Aventurier. Попавший в шторм, преследуемый берберскими пиратами и тяжело нагруженный треской, корабль 20 октября пришвартовался в Марселе, в разгар последней большой эпидемии чумы в истории Запада.
Серж Ароль отметил значительное число — порядка 1 214 — кораблей, вошедших в порт в течение официального периода эпидемии (1720—1723), среди которых он также обнаружил присутствие судна Геркулес из Архангельска, что добавляет в качестве гипотезы происхождения Мари-Анжелик из коренных народов севера России: ненцев, коми, самоедов, и т. д. Не имея возможности выбраться из Марселя и потратив все наличные деньги, мадам Куртеманш в период с июля по сентябрь 1721 года отдаёт Мари-Анжелик на работу в шелкопрядильню в северной части города. В ноябре 1721 года по неясной причине (плохое обращение или изнасилование, ввиду того, что Мари-Анжелик будет всегда бояться прикосновения к ней мужчины) она сбегает вместе с чернокожей девушкой-рабыней, происходящей из Палестины и прибывшей в Марсель в начале эпидемии на корабле Святого Франциска Ксаверия (). Спасаясь от чумы и перебираясь через обезлюдевший Прованс, они прошли тысячи километров по лесам Франции. В течение десяти лет их совместного выживания две девушки научились защите себя от сильного холода закапываясь в землю, в частности, расширяя норы животных, но так и не смогли найти общий разговорный язык, общаясь только с помощью жестов, криков и свиста. Чернокожая девушка в возрасте немногим более двадцати лет будет найдена мёртвой 7 сентября 1731 года в Шампани, недалеко от селения Сен-Мартен (). Мари-Анжелик долго будут обвинять в этом преступлении, но виновник её смерти сам признается Джеймсу Бернету в 1765 году в выстреле, испуганный этими двумя дикими существами.

А Мари-Анжелик, испытывая голод и жажду, приблизится к небольшому селению Сонжи ().

Поимка
Обстоятельства её обнаружения сообщаются в начале книги «История юной дикой девушки, найденной в лесу в возрасте десяти лет» () написанной Мари-Катрин Омассель Эке (), но автором которой предположительно является Шарль Мари де Ла Кондамин:

 В сентябре месяце 1731 года девочка девяти или десяти лет, страдающая от жажды, в сумерки вышла к селению Сонжи, расположенному в четырёх или пяти лье от Шалон-ан-Шампань, с южной стороны. У неё были босые ноги, покрытое тряпьём и шкурами тело, волосы под колпаком из тыквы, лицо и руки чёрные, как у негритянки. Она была вооружена короткой и толстой палкой с наконечником в форме булавы. Первые, которые её увидели, бросились бежать с криками: Там дьявол!; действительно, её убранство и её цвет могли и впрямь подать эту мысль селянам. Те поспешили закрыть двери и окна. Но кто-то, видимо, полагая, что дьявол боится собак, спустил на неё мастифа, вооружённого ошейником с железными шипами; Дикарка, видя приближение к ней злого пса, отважно его ожидала, держа свою дубинку двумя руками, в позе тех, кто для усиления их удара делает замах в сторону, и, увидев пса в пределах его досягаемости, нанесла ему такой страшный удар по голове, что он свалился замертво к её ногам. Торжествуя свою победу, она попрыгала несколько раз по туловищу собаки. Затем она попыталась открыть дверь, и, не добившись успеха, ушла назад за селение в сторону реки и забралась на дерево, где спокойно заснула.

Местный кастелян, виконт д'Эпинуа (), поставленный в известность его крестьянами, решил её поймать. Он велел поставить ведро воды у подножия дерева, чтобы схватить её, когда она спустится пить. Осмотревшись по сторонам, это существо спустилось пить из ведра, погружая в воду подбородок, но, почувствовав опасность, быстро забралось наверх. Тогда решили взять её голодом, поставив под дерево женщину с рыбой и корнеплодами в руках, показывающую ей дружелюбие. В конце концов дикарка спустилась вниз, а женщина стала медленно отходить, чтобы спрятавшиеся рядом мужчины успели подбежать и схватить её. Приведённая на кухню замка, она бросилась на пищу, которую ей предложили, и, в присутствии виконта, быстро содрала кожу с кролика и стала есть его сырым. После неоднократного мытья кожа пленницы оказалась светлой, у неё были голубые глаза, а пальцы на руках, особенно большие, были непропорционально длинные. Она обнаруживала некоторые признаки поведенческой регрессии: опускалась на четвереньки, чтобы пить воду втягивая её, как это делает корова, у неё наблюдалось постоянные боковые движения глаз, похожие на нистагм, по причине жизни в состоянии перманентной бдительности. Она плавала очень хорошо, в том числе в зимний период. Она не разговаривала, отказывалась спать в постели, и её желудок переваривал только сырую пищу. Её пытались приучить к обычной еде: из учтивости она могла поесть немного хлеба, но потом её сильно рвало, и она начала слабеть. Поэтому ей разрешили есть сырое мясо; ей приносили курицу или живого кролика, у которых она сосала тёплую кровь, действовавшую, по её собственному признанию много лет спустя, «как бальзам, который растекался повсюду и восстанавливал мои силы». Отвращение к приготовленной пище продлится несколько лет после её возвращения к цивилизованной жизни.

Реабилитация
Виконт д'Эпинуа поместил дикарку у своего пастуха, за что она получила прозвище «пастуший зверь», а 30 октября 1731 года её перевели в Приют Сен-Мор () в городе Шалон-ан-Шампань. Приют включал в себя три отделения: для мужчин, для женщин, которые были должны работать в мастерской чулочно-носочных изделий, и для детей до подросткового возраста из бедных семей, где они получали питание и обучение ремеслу. В этом приюте, помещённая в женское отделение, она легко училась всему, что ей показывали, аккуратно шила и вспомнила своё имя, «Мари-Анжелик де Олив» (). В декабре 1731 журнал Mercure de France посвятил ей две статьи, вызывая к ней интерес среди интеллигенции и двора в Париже, а затем делая известной её историю в Европе. Потом виконт д'Эпинуа отдал её на воспитание монахиням Шалона, которые терпеливо приобщали её к культуре. Там она начала получать образование и обрела речь. В последующие годы она жила в шести монастырях других четырёх городов Шампани: Витри-ле-Франсуа, Сент-Мену, Жуенвиле-ан-Шампань () и короткое время в Реймсе. 16 июня 1732 года она приняла крещение и получила имя Мари-Анжелик Мемми и фамилию Леблан. Это второе имя, Мемми́ (), было дано ей при крещении, чтобы (по словам Мари-Анжелик) напоминать тот факт, что она была найдена в епархии Шалона, где первым епископом был святой Мемми́й (). Ей тогда установили возраст 19—20 лет, позже кем-то исправленный на 11. После смерти виконта заботу о ней принял на себя епископ Шалона Шуазель (). В 1737 году её взяла под защиту бывшая королева Польши, Катажина Опалинская, мать Марии Лещинской, королевы Франции и супруги Людовика XV. В 1744 году её посетил и взял под своё покровительство герцог Луи Орлеанский, сын регента, который назначил ей ренту в 600 ливров в год.

В 1747 году у кларисс монастыря в Сен-Мену с ней встретился учёный-исследователь Ла Кондамин, который расспрашивал её о прошлом.

23 апреля 1750 года герцог Луи Орлеанский ввёл её в монастырь Новых католиков () в Париже, а затем, 20 января 1751, она присоединилась к новициату древнего и престижного королевского аббатства Сен-Перрин в Шайо () (расположенного рядом с нынешней Эйфелевой башней). Она готовилась стать монахиней, когда в этом аббатстве получила тяжёлую травму после падения из окна. 14 июня 1751 герцог Луи Орлеанский приказал перевести её в карете скорой помощи в монастырь-больницу на улице Муфтар (), о чём свидетельствуют архивы герцога. Но после смерти герцога Орлеанского, 4 февраля 1752, она на несколько месяцев почти полностью лишается ухода ввиду отсутствия у неё средств.

Выходящий в Германии бюллетень, Journal épistolaire, 22 марта 1755 года выразит своё удивление тем, что личность такой важности «могла оказаться почти на грани нищеты».

К счастью, извещённый Луи Расином () и Ла Кондамином, новый герцог Орлеанский продолжил по отношению к ней благотворительную деятельность своего отца.

В монастыре госпитальеров на улице Муфтар (ныне казармы Монж, ), она познакомилась с благотворительницей, проживающей в этом же квартале (в настоящее время улица Брока, ), Мари-Катрин Эке (Marie-Catherine Hecquet), с которой в 1753 году она записала свои воспоминания, опубликованные в 1755 году под названием «История юной дикой девушки, найденной в лесу в возрасте десяти лет» («Histoire d'une jeune fille sauvage trouvée dans les bois à l'âge de dix ans»). Ла Кондамин сделал к этой книге дополнения. Книга имела большой успех, сразу была перепечатана, а затем переведена на немецкий (1756) и английский (много изданий в Англии и Шотландии с 1760 года), и принесла финансовую поддержку Мари-Анжелик.

Смерть
Утром 15 декабря 1775 года (другие источники указывают 1788 год) Мари-Анжелик была обнаружена истекающая кровью в своей квартире на углу нынешних улиц дю Тампль () и Нотр-Дам-де-Назарет (). Вызванный соседями врач ничего не смог сделать.

Сразу прибыл комиссар полиции, который получил показания свидетелей о «внезапной смерти Мари-Анжелик Мемми Леблан». Смерть от побоев было исключена, и гипотеза отравления не выдвигалась, хотя некоторые данные предполагают такую возможность.

За шесть месяцев до её смерти Мари-Анжелик одолжила деньги (приличную сумму в 512 ливров) гражданину Бургундии, сьеру Гуазо (), и срок погашения кредита наступал в ближайшее время, в начале 1776 года. Между тем как её должник, по результату поисков Сержа Ароля, находился в трудном финансовом положении и раньше уже был осужден за преступление. В протоколах комиссара полиции упоминается необъяснимое присутствие в доме Мари-Анжелик в то утро дочери сьера Гуазо, работающей служанкой у аптекаря принца де Конти. Симптомы же «внезапной смерти» Мари-Анжелик (сильное горловое кровотечение) аналогичны проявлениям при отравлении крыс, бродячих собак и кошек кумарином, эквивалент которого в то время уже существовал. Однако известно, что Мари-Анжелик в последние годы страдала от астмы, из-за чего она оставила свою квартиру на третьем этаже и переселилась на шумный цокольный этаж.

По причине отсутствия наследников выморочное наследство Мари-Анжелик подлежало продаже с аукциона в пользу короля Людовика XVI, в связи с чем судебным приставом-аукционистом в январе 1776 года было сделана оценка её имущества. Эта нотариально заверенная опись, в которой также упоминаются книги из её библиотеки, говорит о том, что она была довольно зажиточной: всё её имущество и сумма её пожизненной ренты превышали 10 000 ливров, в то время как жалованье служанки составляло около 150 ливров в год.

После появления кредиторов, утверждающих, что у Мари-Анжелик были долги за продовольствие и медикаменты, Королевская Палата имуществ начала изучение её последних лет жизни, в том числе исследование нравственности. Поддерживая интерес королевской Казны, прокурор короля признал требования кредиторов обманом, заключив, что Мари-Анжелик, будучи состоятельной, не может иметь долги в повседневной жизни: «девица Леблан, хотя и имела довольно значительную пожизненную ренту, жила с порядком и экономией».

Наследие

Свидетельства современников
В дополнении к архивным документам и биографии Мари-Катрин Эке, жизнь «дикарки из Сонжи» была предметом многочисленных комментариев современников.
 Два письма были опубликованных в декабрьском выпуске 1731 года журнала Mercure de France. Одно из них Клода Фарона (), шалонского историка, который снова пишет о ней в 1737 году.
 Луи Расин, французский поэт и сын Жан-Батиста Расина, посвятил ей несколько стихов в своей поэме «Epître II sur l'homme» (1747). После встречи с ней в 1750 году, он опубликовал «Разъяснения о дикой девушке» ().
 Философ Жюльен Офре де Ламетри заметил о ней в 1748 году: «Я думаю, что дикая девушка из Шалон-ан-Шампани расплатится за своё преступление, если это правда, что она съела свою сестру».
 Французский королевский придворный и мемуарист герцог де Люин встретил её в 1753 и передал разговор с ней в своих мемуарах.
 В апреле 1755 года Mercure de France опубликовал письма Ла Кондамина, в которых он отрицал своё авторство "Истории юной дикой девушки… " Он указал условия написания этой книги.
 В 1756 году Вольтер кратко упомянул о ней в «Поэме о естественном законе» ().
 В 3-м и 4-м томах «Всеобщей и частной естественной истории» () Жорж-Луи Леклерк, граф де Бюффон рассказал о Мари-Анжелик и о её неспособности говорить до поимки.
 Естествоиспытатель Жак-Кристоф Вальмон де Бомар кратко упомянул Мари-Анжелик в издании 1764 года его «Универсального толкового словаря естественной истории» (), в статье «Дикий человек» () в издании 1775 года он посвятил ей несколько строк, резюмирующих "Историю юной дикой девушки…. ", к которым добавил личные наблюдения.
 Шотландский судья и философ Джеймс Бернет, лорд Монбоддо (James Burnett, Lord Monboddo), который предвосхитил в принципе идею естественного отбора, развитую позже в эволюционную теорию Чарлзом Дарвином, познакомился с ней в 1765 году и упомянул о ней в нескольких работах. Он назвал её «самой необычной личностью своего времени».
 Шалонский юрист-антиквар Клод-Реми Бюиретт де Верьер () писал о ней в «Исторических летописях города и графства-пэрства Шалон-на-Марне» ().
 Французский историк Абель Жозеф, граф Эго () рассказал о ней в книге La France pittoresque.
Однако все эти авторы повторили ошибку относительно её возраста на момент поимки («десять лет», в то время как она была в два раза старше), которая будет существовать в течение почти трёх веков.

Мари-Катрин Омассель Эке
Мари-Катрин Омассель Эке (12 июня 1686 — 8 июля 1764) — французский биограф первой половине XVIII века. Она была женой абвильского купца Жака Омасселя () и полу-анонимной «Madame H---t», которая написала брошюру-биографию знаменитого дикого ребёнка Мари-Анжелик Мемми ле Блан, «История юной дикой девушки, найденной в лесу в возрасте десяти лет» () в Париже в 1755 году.

Авторство этой книги иногда приписывают французскому учёному-исследователю Шарлю Мари де Ла Кондамину, что он публично отрицал. Биография была анонсирована в Париже в 1755 г. как «Brochure in-12 de 72 pag. Prix 1 liv.» (Брошюра формата duodecimo из 72 страниц. Цена 1 французский ливр) и продавалась в магазинах города, чтобы обеспечить небольшой доход для Мари-Анжелик. В то же время, Ла Кондамин описал мадам Эке как «вдову, которая живёт рядом с Сен-Марсо () и которая, встретившись и подружившись с девушкой после смерти её покровителя м. герцога Орлеанского, взяла на себя труд написать её историю».

О ней мало известно кроме того, что она была корреспондентом и бывшим другом детства Мари-Андре Реньяр Дюплесси (,1687-1760), летописца и настоятельницы монастыря Hôtel-Dieu du Précieux Sang в Квебеке, в Канаде. Позже она предположительно посвятила себя религии.

Новое открытие в XXI веке
История жизни Мари-Анжелик по-прежнему мало известна в мире и оставалась почти забытой во Франции в XIX и XX веках до недавнего времени. В сентябре 2002 года издательство University of Chicago Press выпустило первую научную книгу Джулии В. Датвейт () «Дикая девушка, естественный человек, и Чудовище: опасные эксперименты в эпоху Просвещения» () о жизни самых известных «диких детей» в Европе XVIII века, где также уделено внимание данному персонажу.

Во Франции с 2006 года существовали проекты инсценировать жизнь Мари-Анжелик ле Блан на телевидении, в театре и кино, которые не увенчались успехом. Среди создателей этих заброшенных проектов можно отметить: Андре Таржа (), который начал с энтузиазмом в 2006 году, но его смерть прервала работу, Патрика Шарля Мессанса () для кино, в копродукции с США, Доминик Дешам () для театра, Соню Парамо () и Marc Jampolsky для телевидения. Были сделаны только небольшие репортажи, транслировавшиеся по France-3 в июле 2006 года.

В результате 10-летней научно-исследовательской работы с использованием более 400 архивных документов, происходящих из разных источников: от Шотландии до России, Серж Ароль реконструирует биографию Мари-Анжелик в своей книге Marie-Angélique (Haut-Mississippi, 1712 — Paris, 1775) : Survie et résurrection d'une enfant perdue dix années en forêt, опубликованной в 2004 году. Он, в частности, устанавливает фальсификацию её возраста. В оригинале её свидетельства о крещении было вычеркнуто слово «девятнадцать» (лет) и заменено на «одиннадцать» (лет) другими чернилами и другим почерком, нежели у кюре (Муниципальный архив Шалон-ан-Шампань, GG 126). Копия свидетельства о крещении, хранящаяся в архиве канцелярии суда даёт ей «двадцать лет». Это изменение её возраста будет вводить в заблуждение всю литературу на протяжении почти трёх веков и препятствовать выяснению происхождения Мари-Анжелик ввиду того, что её приезд во Францию необходимо было искать в регистрах предыдущего десятилетия.

В январе 2015 года парижское издательство Delcourt выпустило книгу комиксов о жизни Мари-Анжелик под названием «Дикарка: Биография Мари-Анжелик ле Блан» () с текстом Жан-Давида Морвана (Jean-David Morvan) и Орели Beviere (Aurélie Beviere) и иллюстрациями Гаэля Эрсана (Gaëlle Hersent).

В 2009 году в память о Мари-Анжелик в деревне Сонжи, где она была поймана в 1731 году, была установлена высокая статуя.

См. также
 Одичавшие дети
 Виктор из Аверона
 Джини (одичавший ребёнок)
 Хаузер, Каспар
 Амала и Камала (возможная фальсификация)
 Хелен Адамс Келлер

Примечания
Эта статья частично заимствована из аналогичной статьи Википедии на французском языке.
Комментарии

Первоисточники

Вторичные источники

Литература

 , переиздание

Ссылки
 Книга «Histoire d'une jeune fille sauvage, Trouvée dans les Bois à l'âge de dix ans» на сайте www.gutenberg.org

Женщины XVIII века
Одичавшие дети
Августинцы

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
David Hinton at the Buddhist Poetry Festival
Download file | Play in new window | Duration: 00:28:15 | Recorded on July 6, 2018
When launching the Buddhist Poetry Festival in 2018, David Hinton was one of the first writers who came to mind and it was no accident that we scheduled him to open up the event on the first morning. Hinton bridges past and present, distinguishing himself as one of the foremost translators of ancient Chinese poetry and philosophy working today. His translations strive for accuracy while coaxing the aesthetic potential out of each phrase. The results are fresh takes on early Daoist and Buddhist literature, inviting us into the heart/mind of practitioners who lived centuries and even millennia before today.
After many years of publishing highly lauded books of translations and essays about translation, Shambhala Publications recently brought out an original collection of Hinton's own poetry, influenced by the hermits, scholars, and monastics of antiquity that he's studied so deeply. At the Buddhist Poetry Festival, he read from that new collection, Desert, on the cusp of its release. He also read from No-Gate Gateway, a recent translation of Master Wumen's koan collection, and from Mountain Home, an anthology of ancient Chinese poetry that helped cement Hinton's reputation when it was first published in 2002.
Following the reading, festival director Hokyu JL Aronson sat down with David Hinton for this live conversation that also included the festival audience.
A video of the reading, featuring Achong Jusan Chen reading some of the poems in their original, classical Chinese:
Learn more about David Hinton on his website, or click here to visit the festival's website.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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text:
sue omar
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Have a fun BIAB 2014!
A nice song you have put together !
BIAB is a wonderful tool isn´t it ?
Welcome to the forum and what a great country song to start off with.
Looking forward to seeing what you post when you've had more time to get to know the program.
Welcome to the forums. This is one fantastic song! I wouldn't have believed this to be your first if you hadn't told me!
Hi Karel, really nice song, but especially really nice lyrics. A great listen.
Very nicely done! You sound terrific! Best of luck with your BIAB experiences and hope the new year is fantastic.


"Battles against darkness, a quest for truth, and a search for the book that no one can read are all part of the fantasy adventure in The War of Words. As an evil sorcerer wages war with mysterious shadows and seeks to gain control by confusing the residents as to what s real and what isn't, the fate of the kingdom rests in the hands of Kelsey and Nicholas.
As the youngest officer in the king s army, Kelsey fights the evil sorcerer s shadows on the battlefield as she explores the kingdom searching for the key to winning the war. Nicholas, a young sorcerer in training who is mastering his craft, discovers how the right words can change the course of the future.
Thank you to the publisher & NetGalley for sending me a copy to review!
Written for middle grade readers Neftzger writes an interesting story that plays largely with words. Set in a fantasy realm one follows distinct characters as they explore life lessons, morals, friendship, and most importantly they learn how to navigate and manipulate words.
Words are the base to most, if not all, human societies. Words are how we communicate, whether by voice or by paper words string stories and futures and pasts and lives together. It's so fascinating to think how a single word can have such a plethora of meanings, not only in and of the word itself but how it is used, where the word is placed, the intonation with which it is spoken, the context, everything. Words are weird magical necessities and thus make a perfect pairing with the fantasy genre. And as Neftzger is an author of both fiction and non-fiction it seems obvious that she truly understands and appreciates the weight and power that words wield.
The characters are interesting, the world building is intriguing, and the plot plods along at a comfortably brisk pace pulling us through this well-lengthed book. I admit I didn't exactly read this whole book (hence why I marked it as DNF) but rather found myself resorting to skimming it. But I think that's largely because I wasn't its intended audience, not because the story wasn't worth reading.
The War of Words is a young adventure filled with magic, battle, friendship, heroes and villains, and overflowing with the power of words. Amy Neftzger writes an exciting and fun quick read for any young fantasy fan.


text:
Kína szent hegyei több csoportra osztódnak. Az Öt Nagy hegység (五岳, ) a kínai történelem öt legismertebb hegyére vonatkozik, amelyekhez korábban császárok zarándokoltak el. Annak ellenére, hogy ezt az öt hegyet hagyományosan nem sorolták sem taoistának, sem buddhistának, mégis mind az öt hegyen érezhető minkét vallási hagyomány hatása, főleg az előbbié. A buddhizmussal azonosított csoport neve a buddhizmus négy szent hegye (kínai: 四大佛教名山), a taoizmus csoportjáé pedig a taoizmus négy szent hegye (kínai: 四大道教名山).

A szent hegyek Kínában fontos zarándokhelyeknek számítanak, és a "zarándoklat" szó kínai kifejezése is úgy szól "tiszteletet kifejezni egy szent hegynél" (朝拜圣山, ).

Az Öt Nagy hegység

Az Öt Nagy hegység vagy  a kínai térrendezés szerinti öt égtájnak megfelelően helyezkedik el, amely tartalmazza a középső részt is mint irányt. Az öt hegységből álló csoportot a hadakozó fejedelemségek korában (i. e. 475 – i. e. 221) állították össze, és a  (Öt hegycsúcs) kifejezés Han Vu-ti császár idejében vált ismertté (i. e. 140 – i. e. 87). Az azt követő kétszáz évben az öt hegység iránti rajongás beszivárgott a kínai kultúrába is. Ez az öt hegység a kínai történelem legismertebb természeti nevezetességeivé váltak, és egészen a kezdetektől uralkodók szertartási és áldozatbemutatási helyszínnek is használták őket. Annak ellenére, hogy ezek a hegységek hivatalosan nem szerepelnek egyetlen vallás kánonjában sem, többjükön is erős taoista jelenlét érezhető, Emiatt egyesek az Öt Nagy hegységet is a taoizmus szent hegyei közé sorolják. Még akkor is, hogyha a hegyeken buddhista és konfuciánus templomok is épültek.

Keleti nagy hegység (Dōngyuè):
泰山, "Nyugodt hegység", Santung tartomány, Fő csúcs:  m,

Nyugati nagy hegység (Xīyuè):
華山, "Csodálatos hegység", Senhszi tartomány, Fő csúcs:  m

Déli nagy hegység (Nányuè):  (Hunan)
衡山, "Kiegyensúlyozó hegység", Hunan tartomány, Fő csúcs:  m,

Északi nagy hegység (Běiyuè):  (Sanhszi)
恆山, "Örök hegység", Sanhszi tartomány, Fő csúcs:  m,

Középső nagy hegység (Zhōngyuè):
嵩山, "Fennkölt hegység", Honan tartomány, Fő csúcs:  m,

Ezeket a hegységeket az égtájuk szerint is szokták nevezni, például úgy, hogy "Északi Nagy hegység" (北嶽/北岳, ), "Déli Nagy hegység" (南嶽/南岳 ), stb.

A kínai mitológia szerint az Öt Nagy hegység Pan-ku (盤古) testéből származik, a világ első lényétől és teremtőjétől. A keleti elhelyezkedése miatt a Taj-hegy jelképezi a napkeltét, amely a születés és az újrakezdés szimbóluma. Emiatt az értelmezés miatt gyakran ezt tekintik az öt hegy közül a legszentebbnek. A különleges elhelyezkedésének köszönhetően úgy tartják, hogy Pan-ku fejéből ered. A hunani Heng-hegy állítóleg Pan-ku jobb karja, a sanhszi-i Heng-hegy a bal karja, a Szung-hegy a hasa és a Hua-hegy a lába.

A buddhizmus négy szent hegye

A "buddhizmus négy kínai szent hegye" a következő:

五台山, "Öt pódium hegy", Sanhszi tartomány,  m,

A Vutaj-hegy védelmezője Mandzsusrí, kínaiul Vensu (hagyományos: 文殊).

峨嵋山, "Magas és fennkölt hegy", Szecsuan tartomány, Fő csúcs:  m,

Az Omej-hegy védelmező bodhiszattvája Szamantabhadra, akit a kínai buddhizmusban úgy neveznek, hogy  (普贤菩萨).

九華山, "Kilenc dicsőség hegy", Anhuj tartomány, Fő csúcs:  m,

A hegyeken található sírhelyek és templomok Ksitigarbhát (kínaiul , 地藏, japánul Dzsizó) üdvözítik, aki egy bodhiszattva és a pokollakók védelmezője.

普陀山, "Potalaka-hegy", Csöcsiang tartomány, Fő csúcs:  m

Ez a hegy Avalókitésvara (Kuan Jin) bodhimandája, aki az együttérzés bodhiszattvája.

A taoizmus négy szent hegye

A "taoizmus négy szent hegye" a következő:

; Hopej északnyugati részén. Fő csúcs:  m. .

龙虎山, "Sárkány Tigris hegy", Csianghszi. Fő csúcs:  m.

齊雲山, "Magas mint a felhő", Anhuj. Fő csúcs:  m.

青城山, , Szecsuan. Fő csúcs:  m (2007-es adat) .

Kapcsolódó szócikkek
Lao-hegy
Szan-csing-hegy
Lu-hegy
Csang-paj-hegy

Jegyzetek

További információk

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Buddhizmus Kínában
Taoizmus


text:
First published book by Giulietta available on Amazon
New published chapbook
See description under Works page and sample
Giulietta is Italian for Juliet or Juliette, however you wish to spell it, and the Giu sounds just like a J. She is Italian American, born in the US. She is a degreed writer. She has worked as a Supplemental Instructor for English college students, and two of her poems were published in the college's literary and art magazine, Seascape. She also was Secretary and one of the Associate Editors for Seascape during college years. In addition, she studied basic and advanced writing for children and teens with the Institute of Children's Literature, Connecticut. She previously worked for several years as a substitute teacher in her area for elementary school children. She is an author and writes middle grade fiction novels, poems, and short stories for children and teens, some for adults and always for the ageless. Her new chapbook is available on Amazon titled Heart Like a Wheel (use link on Home and Works pages). She is a former government worker, reflexologist and nutritionist.
Born in Manhattan, she was brought to NJ at the early age of one year, along with nine other siblings and did not get the New York experience at all. As far as growing up in such a large household, she says, "Quite an experience and memorable." Her mother was the backbone of the family that gave relentlessly of herself day or night. A woman that defined unselfish love, sacrificed much, and was the love of her life, along with her two children and two grandchildren. Her father worked tirelessly seven days a week.
Her new middle grade fantasy novel, Stuck in the Middle of the Moon, has been completed. News to come on future publishing. You may see summaries of her other completed middle grade novels under the Works tab.
-Note - If you wish to receive emails of publishings and special updates, use the signup box here on the Home page. You can always ask to be removed.
-Note - Giulietta's blog has been relocated to Medium.com. Many of her blog articles, fiction stories, and poems have been published on Medium and you can access some of them via the links on her Free Writings page here or follow her at: mailto:medium.com/@gpass3woj/follow. She hopes you continue to visit her here and on Medium. To read all her writings, become a member of Medium which is terribly inexpensive: https://gpass3woj.medium.com/membership or buy me a coffee at: https://ko-fi.com/giulietta18021.
Giulietta has been on Tumblr as Mimi, the Mad Queen for three years. You may find and follow her at:
https://www.mimithemadqueen.tumblr.com for ending and current episodes where Mimi is now Aunt Tillie Mae of Utah because of a spell put upon her by her despicable sister's witch Felda. There's a little more about Mimi also in her fifth newsletter, Writer's Soup V at her News tab. NOTE: Royal Blue, Mimi the Mad Queen, from the beginning, is now on Kindle Vella. There are currently thirteen live episodes. Mimi is quirky, has a despicable sister that pulls tricks on her, and she has a wizard that helps her get out of troubles, and once turned her into a superhero for a while. Ta Ta, Signed Mimi the Mad Queen.
Please note that Giulietta includes many book and author recommendations on her site, writing prompts, and news comments which are updated monthly on the first. She welcomes comments.
Society of Children's Book Writers and Illustrators (SCBWI)
The House of the Seven Gables
Supporter/Subscriber:
Institute of Children's Literature (ICL)
Poets and Writers Magazine
Children's Book Insider
Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC)
World Wildlife Fund (WWF)
Middle Grade Novels (completed)
The Good Witch
For ages 11+
No Matter What
Banana Brown
For ages 9-12
I, The Tree
Published 2015 in Seascape Art and Literary Magazine, Ocean County College
Sweet Hostage
I am Mimi, the Mad Queen on Tumblr, only on Tumblr - Find and follow me at:
https://www.mimithemadqueen.tumblr.com
New published articles and blog on Medium. You can find and follow me here by creating a logon or go to: https://gpass3woj.medium.com.


text:
Guide contents |
Collage and decollage
Painting Guide
Artists, crafts people & businesses involved in painting.
Marinova Creative
Woodford Green, Essex
Victoria McGillicuddy is a London based artist and art teacher and the sole abstract ...
PPdesign
Epsom, Surrey
Hello I'm Paola Portello, based in Epsom - Surrey. I love watercolour media, when the ...
April Blossom Studios
Ipswich, Suffolk
Welcome to April Blossom Studios In my life, I possess two main passions, art and nature. ...
Emma Elizabeth Art
I love painting colourful loose watercolours of vibrant flowers, animals and birds with ...
Foreshore Creations
Littlehampton, West Sussex
I have been creating art for many years, but living close to the sea has given me more ...
Junipearth Art
Haslemere, Surrey
Acrylic painter and Creatrix of other-worldly sacred goddesses. Exploring spirituality ...
JEM Arts
Julie Emily McDowell has been painting for over 10 years, what began as a hobby has transformed ...
Lauraine Charnley Art
Newton Abbot, Devon
Hi, Im Lauraine and I have become somewhat addidicted to art. My shop is called Lau ...
Ximena art designs
Reigate, Surrey
My name is Ximena and I am the creator of Ximena art designs. I have been an artist ...
Sue Holmes
Painting on canvas and cards in lockdown and selling them locally in my Residence Group ...
Pinceaux et Toiles
Sevenoaks, Kent
My name is Emily Wiles and during lockdown I decided to finally build up my portfolio, ...
Sarah Pye Fine Art
Sonning Common, Oxfordshire
Original, framed , contemporary, impressionist paintings . Acrylic on deep edge canvases, ...
Handcrafted By Tasha
Reading, Berkshire
Here at Handcrafted By Tasha we are passionate about creating high quality arts and crafts ...
Byron Campbell Vortex Art Works
Stourport on Severn, Worcestershire
I was born in Canada and although I have lived in the UK for nearly 40 years, I still ...
Why knot art
Frimley, Surrey
Why Not is a question i have asked myself time and time again over the years, Why Not ...
Jo Lee
Billericay Essex, Essex
A duo, each with a different talent, but both with acrylic paint. Im Jo Lee, I paint ...
Fiona J Rose
Rustington, West Sussex
Born in Kenya and raised in Sussex my love of art started young. To view my online gallery ...
Angelic Print Boutique
Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk
Started in November 2020 after painting some animals for her sons bedroom, Catherine ...
Claire Beale
Kennington, London
I am an artist who makes paintings in oil and watercolour. My subjects nearly always ...
JP Creative UK
Llantwit Major, The Vale of Glamorgan
I have started as a young artist in elementary, and ended up as someone who understands ...
Acrylic Fluid Creations
Blackburn, Lancashire
Acrylic fluid creations specialise in contemplate abstract art pieces. I use either acrylic ...
Aellis artwork
Caterham, Surrey
I produce watercolour portrait commissions from photographs. They come in sizes A4, A3 ...
JL Studios
Alfreton, Derbyshire
As an art teacher for over thirty years, I am now focused on developing a studio where ...
Sarah Leigh Fine Art
Sarah Leigh Fine Art has three beautiful and unique commercial brands of creative and ...
Tesoro Designs Co
Southsea, Hampshire
Bespoke paintings using mixed media such as resin, alcohol ink, acrylics and natural ...
Sarah Lousada
Milton Keynes, Bedfordshire
I am an artist crafting with pen, ink, and water colour paint . I work closely with my ...
London, Middlesex
Here at Pansala we take pride in our hand painted canvas paintings. Working closes with ...
Rebecca Morgan Art
Tunbridge wells, East Sussex
Paintings created by painter and artist Rebecca Morgan. Currently at the university of ...
RJees Art
Bicester, Oxfordshire
Hello all. I am a self taught artist, living in Bicester. I love creating illustrations ...
Heart of Art Studios
Formby, Merseyside
I am a Liverpool based artist. I paint and draw and get my inspiration from the beautiful ...
Gillian Chang
Gravesend, Kent
Original Paintings in Acrylic, Watercolour, Pastels and Oils. Hand drawn Christmas cards. ...
Maria Art
Guildford, Surrey
I am a creative and imaginative art painter. I like painting very bright and colourful ...
Janet Wells
I am an artist who specialises in dot painting particularly dot portraits and also paints ...
Outside Living Art
Lyne, Surrey
Self taught artist, creating personalised pet portraits and garden art. Using acrylic ...
KirstysDesignStudio
Southampton, Hampshire
Hi my name is Kirsty. I am based in Southampton, Hampshire. I was at a stage in my life ...
Ian Garrett
I am a painter based in London. My work is inspired by my interest in astronomy. science ...
An overview of painting
Painting is a visual art form, in which a substance such as coloured paint or pigment is applied to a surface such as canvas, plaster, wood or pottery using a brush or other tools.
A history of painting
The history of British painting has been shaped over the centuries by influences from many different cultures. Through trade and conflict, a diverse range of art works have been brought to Britain, some of which can today be seen in galleries and museums across the UK along with paintings created by artists that they helped to inspire.
Prehistoric Painting
For thousands of years humans created works of art such as painted cave walls with images of animals from the hunt, which may have had religious or ritualistic meanings, such as those found in Lascaux, France and Altamira, Spain. As people began domesticating animals, cultivating crops and living in settled communities, their artistic expression developed to reflect these changes, both in subject matter and materials used.
Ancient Egyptian Painting
Artists in ancient Egypt followed strict rules regarding form and symbolism, ensuring its unchanging nature over millennia. Their art was dominated by belief in the afterlife and the paintings and sculptures used to decorate their tombs, described the lives they lived in this world, which they believed would continue in much the same way after death. An individuals importance was reflected by the size of the paintings depicting them and all parts of the body were represented flat, did not overlap and were as complete as possible to ensure they would be available in the afterlife.
Classical Greek Painting
Artists during this period were inspired, by the Greek ideal of beauty and a belief in this world being an imperfect copy of an alternative perfect reality. They created paintings of idealized men and women and depicted their Gods in such human forms. After the Persian wars, Greek art began to reflect a society less concerned with heroism and Gods and more with the amenities and pleasures of life. Following the Athenian model, art became increasingly secular and naturalistic. The Hellenistic period, from 323 BC to 150 BC, saw Greek art spread across the ancient world, becoming an important part of the foundations of European civilisation and inspiring the work of British as well as other western artists.
Roman Painting
Roman artists depicted historical and mythological scenes expressed in mosaics and paintings. Painting was used to decorate homes, palaces, temples and civic areas and depictions of people as they really appeared were often preferred to idealized versions. Perhaps the best preserved examples of Roman painting are to be found in Pompeii, although examples have been found in locations across the lands of the former Roman Empire, including murals painted on the remains of Roman Villas in Britain.
Medieval Painting
During the Medieval period from 337 to 1453 AD, the Classical worlds depictions of human concepts such as beauty and a concern with the physical world were rejected. In its place painting became more spiritual in its subject matter, reflecting the increasing power and influence of religion. Paintings were created in service of the church and to communicate religious experiences.
Renaissance Painting
The Renaissance led artists such as Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo painting their famous masterpieces during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Artists were inspired to begin creating more realistic representations of the world around them, in addition to traditional religious subjects. The education of British artists born during the eighteenth century, such as William Blake and William Turner were shaped by these developments across Europe and their work helped to lay some of the foundations for what would later become Modern Art.
Between the 1870s and 1890s, Impressionists such as Claude Monet and Paul CÈzanne created paintings which used light and colour to capture fleeting moments. Between 1905 and 1939 Cubist artists such as Pablo Picasso used abstract shapes and spaces, often reflecting the industrialized world. In Germany from the 1920s until the 1940s Bauhaus artists such as Wassily Kandinsky applied the concepts of Cubism to their creation of more functional art and design. Surrealists such as Salvador Dali explored the unconscious mind through imaginary scenes. In Britain the artist LS Lowry was inspired by the Impressionists and painted his famous depictions of the lives of working people in the north west of England.
Post Modern Painting
After the second World War Abstract Expressionism, as practised by artists such as Jackson Pollock, produced paintings of patterns of colour without images of or reference to subject matter. Pop art began in the 1950s using simplified representations of common objects and commercial goods to reflect popular culture, as seen in the work of painters such as Andy Warhol and Roy Lichtenstein.
Your most important tools as a painter are your brushes and they are available in a variety of sizes, shapes and bristle textures, suited to different painting techniques. For example flat brushes are good for painting large areas such as a background, fan for shading and blending, round for details and line for finer details. Other commonly used painting tools include an easel used to support the canvas, an artists palette where paints can be mixed before being applied and sponges for creating textures or removing unwanted paint. A palette knife can also be used to apply, mix or remove paint and when a painting is finished, a fixative can be sprayed over it, forming a coat to seal and protect the completed picture.
The two basic materials which form a painting are the paint used, such as oil, acrylic, watercolour or pastel and the surface onto which the paint is applied, such as a canvas, plaster wall, paper or pottery. Oil paints are traditionally painted onto canvas and over the centuries were used by great artists such as Leonardo Da Vinci, Rembrandt, Johannes Vermeer and Vincent van Gogh to create their masterpieces. Acrylic paints dry quickly, becoming waterproof and enabling artists to experiment with multiple layers and different textures. Pastels can be used to create paintings or drawings and are popular with many artists because they are less prone to fading and cracking than oil paintings. Watercolour paints are made from natural or synthetic pigments suspended within a water-soluble binder and are usually painted onto paper, producing finished paintings with their recognisable transparent quality.
There are a range of techniques associated with different styles of art, the type of paints you use and the surface that you apply them to. However some visual skills can help you as painter regardless of the materials that you use, such as an understanding of composition. Three basic elements to consider when looking for good composition are a balance between positive and negative space, the use of repeating shapes to bring the different parts of the picture together and using lines so that the viewers eye moves easily between the parts of the picture. You can develop and improve these skills by looking at great paintings and thinking about how these elements work together to create a good composition.
If you can afford to do so, purchasing better quality brushes can be a good investment, as they are likely to hold onto their hairs for longer than brushes costing less. To ensure that these essential tools continue to give you good service, you should also take care of your paint brushes by cleaning them with warm soapy water each time that you have finished using them. Do not allow paint to dry on the bristles, reshape the hairs of the brush after you have cleaned them and store your brushes either horizontally in a suitable dry box or in a vertical position, with the bristles pointed upwards.
Being able to draw is a useful skill for any painter, regardless of whether you intend to create work that is a realistic representation of the chosen subject or more abstract. You might think that being able to draw is an innate skill that some people are born with and others are not. However it is possible with practice to learn how to draw and it begins by really looking at the world around you and seeing what you want to draw. Try looking at your chosen subject as a collection of lines, shapes and shades of colour rather than a single object. Pick up a pencil and draw lines and curves that look to be the correct length and angle. Dont worry about making mistakes while you practice, you can always rub out lines or go over them again. With practice you will begin to find that your drawing skills improve and this will help to improve your confidence as an artist when using your paint brushes.
Craft posts by members in the painting section
Open up your space, open your mind and feel tension release with abstract art. Fill your ...
Inspirational in Painting
People worth learning a little more about
(Born 1965, Bristol)
Controversial British artist and sculptor.
Peter Prendergast
(Born 1946 in Abertridwr, Caerphilly)
Winner of the Nettleship Prize for Figure Painting in 1967, Prendergast was thought of as one of the leading Welsh landscape painters.
(Born 1937 in Bradford, West Yorkshire)
Voted the most influential British artist of the 20th century.
Derek Davis
(Born 1926 in Wandsworth, London)
Derek Davis developed his ceramics, coming up with several innovative techniques. In 1994 he had an eye operation which afterwards left him unable to work with the pottery kiln, which was when he then started to focus on his painting.
Kyffin Williams
(Born 1918 in Llangefni, Isle of Anglesey)
Sir John Kyffin Williams painted landscapes which are now exhibited in major art collections and is considered to be the most important Welsh artist of the twentieth century.
Conroy Maddox
(Born 1912 in Ledbury, Herefordshire)
A collagist, painter and writer. From 1935 on wards he was a part of the Surrealist movement.
Edward Seago
(Born 1910 in Norwich, Norfolk)
A self-taught painter in the impressionist and post-impressionist style.
(Born 1903 in Epsom, Surrey)
John Piper painted mainly landscapes and churches but was appointed as an official war artist from 1940-1942. His first painting of bomb damage was after the air raid that destroyed Coventry Cathedral.
(Born 1903 in Acton, London)
Known particularly for his watercolours of the South Downs, he was a painter, designer, book illustrator, wood engraver and war artist.
William MacTaggart
(Born 1903 in Loanhead, Midlothian)
Know as William MacTaggart the Younger, so as not to be confused with hisgran father. He was a landscape painter who captured images of Scotland and countries around Europe.
(Born 1903 in Braintree, Essex)
A graphic artist, illustrator and painter. He was a war artist during the World War II.
John Melville
(Born 1902, London)
Painter, who was part of the Surrealist Movement.
Tom Lovatt Williams
(Born 1897 in Ellesmere, Shropshire)
Tom Lovatt-Williams was an English poet and writer whose topics were nature and the railways. He wrote a novel The Gentle Years which was read by Richard Harris on the BBCs Book at Bedtime.
Cicely Mary Barker
(Born 1895 in Croydon, Surrey)
As an illustrator, artist and author she is well known for her fantasy illustrations of fairies and flowers. Her first book was published in 1923 which was Flower Fairies of the Spring. As an artist her painting Christ Child, The Darling of the World Has Come was bought by Queen Mary. Also she designed a stained glass window for St.Edmunds Church, Pitlake.
William Roberts
(Born 1895 in Hackney, London)
William Roberts, British artist, was a war artist and painted groups of figures and portraits.
(Born 1894 in Denham, Buckinghamshire)
Ben Nicholson, British artist, painted landscapes and still life scenes and was known for his abstract pictures.
Dorothy Johnstone
(Born 1892 in Edinburgh, Edinburgh)
Dorothy was an accomplished Scottish artist, painter and watercolourist. The daughter of George Whitton Johnstone.
Gilbert Spencer
(Born 1892 in Cookham, Berkshire)
Gilbert Spencer, British artist, painted landscapes, portraits and murals.
Mark Gertler
(Born 1891 in Spitalfields, London)
Mark Gertler, British artist, painted portraits and still life pictures.
Stanley Spencer
Sir Stanley Spencer, British artist, was was known for his paintings of Biblical scenes.
You may be a ble to see some of his work at the Tate in London, including works like The Slave Market, Nude Study and Seater Female Nude.
Nina Hamnett
(Born 1890 in Tenby, Pembrokeshire)
Her work was exhibited at The Royal Academy London and Salon dAutomne Paris. She was painted and sculpted by many artists.
Christopher R. W. Nevinson
(Born 1889 in Hampstead, London)
Christopher Nevinson, British artist, painted landscapes and also worked at etching and lithography.
Paul Nash, British artist, painted surrealist pictures, landscapes and was a war artist and book illustrator.
Laurence Stephen Lowry
(Born 1887 in Stretford, Greater Manchester)
Laurence Stephen Lowry usually called L.S. Lowry, British artist, is known for his 'matchstick' paintings of urban landscapes and industrial scenes in his native Lancashire.
Duncan Grant
(Born 1885 in Rothiemurchus, Highland)
Duncan Grant, British artist, was a member of the Bloomsbury Group and as well as being a painter, he also made pottery and designed textiles and theatre sets.
Malcolm Drummond
(Born 1880 in Maidenhead, Berkshire)
Malcolm Drummond, British artist, was was known for his paintings of urban scenes and was a member of the Camden Town Group.
Frank Cadogan Cowpe
(Born 1877 in Wicken, Northamptonshire)
Frank Cowper, British artist, was known for paintings of historic and literary scenes.
Gwendolen Mary John
(Born 1876 in Haverfordwest, Pembrokeshire)
Gwendolen Mary John, Welsh artist, was known for her portrait work and also modelled for sculptor Auguste Rodin.
Muirhead Bone
(Born 1876 in Glasgow, Glasgow City)
He was known as a Scottish watercolour and drypoint artist and an etcher, although originally he was trained as an architect. His works were mainly landscapes, industry and architecture focusing on urban construction and demolition sites. In 1916 he was appointed as Britains first official war artist.
Harold Gilman
(Born 1876 in Rode, Somerset)
Harold Gilman, British artist, painted portraits and landscapes and was a member of the Camden Town Group.
Arthur Henry Knighton Hammond
(Born 1875 in Arnold, Nottinghamshire)
Arthur Henry Knighton-Hammond, British artist, painted industrial scenes and society portraits.
Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill
(Born 1874 in Woodstock, Oxfordshire)
Churchill was a prolific painter and writer. You can see many of his works at Chartwell in Kent, where he lived and worked for many years. He won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1953.
(Born 1873 in Maesteg, Bridgend)
Welsh artist Christopher Williams often painted large canvases, requiring venues of sufficient size to exhibit them. The subject matter he chose generally included themes of interest to him, such as Welsh heritage and identity, as in his painting Cymru'n Deffro (Wales Awakes in English).
(Born 1872 in Brighton, East Sussex)
Aubrey Beardsley, British artist, helped to develop the Art Nouveau and poster styles.
(Born 1872 in Newark-on-Trent, Nottinghamshire)
Sir William Nicholson, British artist,was known for his landscapes and portraits and also worked as a wood-engraver and illustrator.
Sholto Johnstone Douglas
Sholto Johnstone Douglas, Scottish artist, painted portraits and landscapes.
Samuel John Peploe
Famous for among other things one of the most expensive Scottish paintings sold auction, Still Life with Coffee Pot.
George William Russell
(Born 1867 in Lurgan, Armagh)
Russell was a writer, poet, artist and more. He wrote two novels, The Interpreters and The Avatars. There is a bust of Russell in Merrion Square in Dublin. There is also a plaque on 84 Merrion Square that reads, George William Russell AE 1867 – 1935 Poet Mystic Painter Co-operator worked here.
Sidney Curnow Vosper
(Born 1866 in Plymouth, Devon)
Perhaps his most best known work was the portrait of Sian Owen, who was in the congregation at Capel Salem in Pentre Gwynfryn. The paint is know simply by the name of Salem.
(Born 1866 in Kensington, London)
She was an illustrator, author, natural scientist and conservationist best known for her childrens books such as The Tale of Peter Rabbit in which she featured animal characters. In her career she published over 23 books. Due to her love of The Lake District, in 1905 she bought Hill Top Farm, Near Sawrey. Her books are still very popular and continue to sell all over the world and her stories have been retold in film, animation, dance and song.
Robert Bevan
(Born 1865 in Hove, east sussex)
Robert Bevan, British artist. As well as painting, he also worked as a lithographer and draughtsman and he was a member of the Camden Town Group.
Philip Wilson Steer
(Born 1860 in Birkenhead, Merseyside)
Philip Wilson Steer, British artist, was influential in the growth of Impressionist art in Britain.
James Guthrie
(Born 1859 in Greenock, East Renfrewshire)
James Guthrie lived most of his life in the Sottish Borders. He was influenced by the French Realists and one of his notable works was A Hinds Daughter (1883).
Dugald Sutherland MacColl
Dugald Sutherland MacColl was a Scottish watercolour painter but was best known as an art writer and lecturer. One of his works was On The Terrace (1922).
Frank Bramley
(Born 1857 in Sibsey, Lincolnshire)
Post impressionist painter.
David Horatio Winder
(Born 1855 in Bolton, Greater Manchester)
David Horatio Winder, British artist, was known for his landscapes of Britain.
(Born 1855 in Devonport, Devon)
He was a Cornish Fisherman, who became an artist after the death of his wife in 1922 when he began to paint. He was completely self taught and never had any lessons. The style of his paintings are known as naive art, where perspective is ignored and the scale of the object is based on its relative importance to the scene.
Francis Bernard Dicksee
Sir Francis Bernard Dicksee, British artist, was was known for paintings of historic scenes and portrait work.
Edmund Blair Leighton, British artist, painted historical and often medieval scenes.
Sir David Murray was well known as a Scottish landscape painter. One of his notable works was My Love Has Gone A-Sailing which was exhibited in 1884 and purchased by the Chantrey Trustees for the Tate Gallery.
Robert Walker Macbeth
Robert Walker Macbeth was known as a Scottish painter etcher and watercolourist, particularly specialising in pastoral landscape.
(Born 1845 in Liverpool, Merseyside)
A prolific artist who worked with pottery, stained glass, illustration and more. He was well know as an author of childrens books. He was both a disciple and friend to William Morris.
Frank Holl
Frank Holl, British artist, was known for his realistic paintings of ordinary life and helped to establish social realism.
Albert Joseph Moore
(Born 1841 in York, North Yorkshire)
Albert Moore, British artist, was known for his paintings of female figures with classical settings. This can be seen in his works such as A Garden, Canaries, Seagulls, The Loves of the Winds and the Seasons, An Open Book, Seashells and Silver. He was one of the fourteen children of portrait painter, William Moore.
Hamilton Macallum
(Born 1841 in Kames, Argyll and Bute)
Hamilton Macallum was a Scottish painter. He painted the Scottish Highlands from a small yacht and his favourite subject was sunlight.
John Atkinson Grimshaw
(Born 1836 in Leeds, West Yorkshire)
John Atkinson Grimshaw, British artist, was born on this day in the year 1836. He painted landscapes and city scenes.
William McTaggart
(Born 1835 in Kintyre, Argyll and Bute)
William McTaggart, Scottish artist, was known for his landscape paintings.
Edward Coley Burne Jones
(Born 1833 in Birmingham, West Midlands)
Burne-Jones was a major player in the revival of stained glass in Briton, during his time with and as a founder of Morris, Marshal, Faulkner and co.
William Quiller Orchardson
Sir William Quiller Orchardson, Scottish painter, was known for his paintings of historic and domestic scenes.
Benjamin Williams Leader
(Born 1831 in Worcester, West Midlands)
Benjamin Williams Leader, English artist, was known for his landscape paintings.
(Born 1830 in Scarborough, North Yorkshire)
Sir Frederic Leighton, English artist and sculptor, is best known for his paintings of historical and classical scenes.
Alfred William Hunt
Winner of the Newdigate prize for poetry back in 1851, Alfred William Hunt was an accomplished painter in both oils and water colours.
Henry Wallis
(Born 1830 in London, London)
Wallis was a Pre-Raphaelite artist. He painted works such as, The Death of Chatterton of 1856. The model in the painting was a young George Meredith.
John Everett Millais
(Born 1829 in Southampton, Hampshire)
Sir John Everett Millais, English artist and illustrator, was a member of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood.
Edwin Longsden Long
(Born 1829 in Bath, Somerset)
Edwin Longsden Long, English artist, painted portraits and historical scenes.
Dante Gabriel Rossetti, the English poet, illustrator and painter, founded the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood in 1848. Some of his painted works include Proserpine 1874, The Day Dream and Pia de Tolomei, all of which depict the likeness of Jane Burden, the wife of William Morris.
Denys Corbet
(Born 1826 in La Turquie Vale, Guernsey)
Denys Corbet was born at La Turquie Vale, Guernsey. He was a poet, naive painter and a school master. He mainly wrote in the Dgernesiais language which was used in Guernsey. Two examples of his poems are LTouar de Guernesey and Les Feuilles de la Foret. He is also known as a naive painter of cows and rural life.
(Born 1823 in Paisley, Glasgow City)
William Hart travelled to America with his family as a child. In New York he was an apprentice carriage painter where he decorated the panels of coaches with landscapes. He returned to Scotland to study for three years before returning back to New York where he opened a studio.
William Powell Frith
(Born 1819 in Aldfield, North Yorkshire)
William Powell Frith, English artist, is best known for his paintings of Victorian social scenes.
Paul Jacob Naftel
(Born 1817 in Guernsey, Guernsey)
Paul Jacob Naftel was a self-taught watercolour artist and was the only Guernsey born professional painter of the 19th century.
(Born 1817 in Chatham, Kent)
Dadd was a painter who is known for his representations of fairies and other supernatural subjects. One of his well known works is The Fairy Fellers Master-Stroke which he worked on between 1885-64.
Patrick Branwell Bronte
Patrick Branwell Bronte, painter and poet, was the brother of writers Emily, Anne, and Charlotte Bronte.
Edward Armitage
Edward Armitage, English artist, is best known for his paintings of classical and biblical scenes.
William James Blacklock
(Born 1816 in Shoreditch, London)
William James Blacklock, English artist, is known for his paintings of Lake District landscapes.
(Born 1805 in Newington, London)
Samuel Palmer, British artist, etcher and printmaker was part of the Romantic movement and known for his pastoral landscapes.
John Frederick Lewis
John Frederick Lewis, English artist, is best known for his paintings of Oriental and Mediterranean scenes.
Thomas Sidney Cooper
(Born 1803 in Canterbury, Kent)
Thomas Sidney Cooper, English artist, is best known for his landscape paintings of farming scenes.
Richard Parkes Bonington
Richard Parkes Bonington, English Romantic landscape painter, is best known for his paintings of coastal scenes.
Edwin Henry Landseer
Sir Edwin Henry Landseer, English artist, is known for his paintings of horses and dogs and most famous for the lions in Trafalgar Square.
William Moore
He was a well known portrait painter in his own right and the father of Henry Moore and Albert Joseph Moore. He took up portrait painting in around 1810, when he was about 20 years old. He gained a good reputation and some success in London before moving to York. He worked in oils, pastels and watercolours.
(Born 1776 in East Bergholt, Suffolk)
A romantic painter, known for his landscape paintings of Dedham Vale, now known as Constable Country.
William Alexander
(Born 1767 in Maidstone, Kent)
At the age of 15 he moved to London to study art and was later admitted to the Royal Academy Schools. His work included watercolour, drawings and engravings.
Alexander Nasmyth
Nasmyth was a Scottish landscape and portrait painter. One of his best known works is the portrait of his friend and poet Robert Burns. His impressive landscapes include View of Tantallon Castle and the Bass Rock. In addition to painting he also was an engineer and was involved with the designing and building of several bridges.
(Born 1757 in Soho, London)
He was a painter, printmaker and poet but was not recognised during his lifetime. In 2002 he was placed at 38 in the BBCs poll of the 100 Greatest Britons and is now considered as highly influential in the history of the visual arts and poetry of the Romantic Age.
Henry Raeburn
(Born 1756 in Stockbridge, Edinburgh)
Scottish portrait artist. Most famous for his portrait of Sir John Sinclair.
Joseph Wright
(Born 1734 in Derby, Derbyshire)
Joseph Wright was an English portrait and landscape painter. His work is significant for his use of the chiaroscuro effect, which highlights the contrast of light and dark which can be seen in his paintings of candle lit subjects. He has been celebrated as the first professional painter to demonstrate the mood of the Industrial Revolution.
Sawrey Gilpin
(Born 1733 in Carlisle, Cumbria)
Sawrey Gilpin specialised in the painting of horses and dogs. He also was an illustrator and etcher. In 1786 his work was exhibited at the Royal Academy London and he was elected an associate of the Academy in 1795.
(Born 1727 in Sudbury, Suffolk)
A talented English portrait and landscape painter. Perhaps his best known work would be The Blue Boy. He was noted for the speed that he applied paint, working more from nature.
Margaret Fownes Luttrell
(Born 1726 in Dunster, Somerset)
An English artist, born in and heiress to Dunster Castle, where you can see two of her paintings (View of an Imaginary Castle with a Round Tower - View of an Imaginary Castle with Two Towers). Also at the castle, you can see four painting of Margaret.
Stubbs was the son of a Currier and became famous for his paintings of horses.
(Born 1723 in Plympton, Devon)
Reynolds was an 18th century English portrait painter, who helped to found the Royal Academy and was there first president. He painted in the grand manner, not copying his subjects exactly as they really were but reflected their nobility. You can see a number of his portraits in the Reynolds room at Knole in Kent.
Richard Wilson
(Born 1714 in Penegoes, Powys)
The Welsh artist Richard Wilson was one of Britains earliest landscape painters.
Allan Ramsay
Accomplished Scottish painter. Perhaps best known for his portraits of George III in around 1762 and The Lost Portrait of Charles Edward Stuart 1745. He was also the teacher of Alexander Nasmyth.
Arthur Devis
(Born 1712 in Preston, Lancashire)
Born in 1712 he was an English portrait painter and is known for a type of portrait called a conversation piece. In 1735 his first commission was Hoghton Towers from Duxon Hill, Lancashire. This showed his interest in landscape but two years later he became established as a portrait painter having a studio in Great Queens Street London.
(Born 1697 in Smithfield, London)
Best known for his satirical and moral painting and engravings.
William Aikman
(Born 1682 in Carney, Aberdeenshire)
William Cairney was a Scottish portrait painter. His style of art was aimed at imitating nature and he used soft and mild colouring and lighting in his work.
Samuel Cooper
Samuel Cooper is best kown as an English miniture painter


Tuition is based on length of classes per week with discounts applied to multiple, additional classes. NOTE: Tuition is due on the 1st monthly. Tuition not received by the 5th will incur a late fee of $15.
To calculate monthly tuition, see fee schedule below.
*Unlimited Classes include regularly scheduled classes Mon-Fri and does not include private lessons, master classes, team dues, or special workshops.
Private lessons must be scheduled and paid in advance during normal business hours. Cancellations must be made at least 24 hours in advance of lesson to receive credit or to reschedule. No shows or last minute cancellations are responsible for payment. See director for solo information.
Class recommendations by level are made to provide what we believe to be the most well-rounded curriculum for dancers of each level, and therefore encouraged. Classes can be added at your discretion. We strongly encourage students to take Ballet, as it provides the necessary technique for all dancers and is the backbone of all other disciplines. Following our recommendations will guarantee an 'elite' dance program for your student.
Preschool dancers – Pre-dance classes include Ballet & Tap; *New 2017: Pre-tumbling is also incorporated within some pre-dance classes. Pre-jazz may also be available.
It is recommended that beginning dancers ages 6-8 take a combo class of Ballet, Jazz, & Tap to learn the fundamentals in each of the main styles of dance.
Dancers that have graduated to level 2 and above should choose classes that will enhance their technique in the disciplines. Lyrical students MUST have ballet training or be taking the class concurrently with a ballet class. Pointe by approval only.
Leaps/turns is one of our most popular classes due to the enhancement of technique this class provides. Dazzlin' Doll Competition Teams must follow requirements set forth in their team contract for appropriate training.


- Small circumference allows for comfortable grip and provides excellent ergonomics.
- No-volt operation that prevents the wheel from starting in the event of a drop in voltage.
- Independent cutlery for increased life.
- Soft start function that offers smooth start of the wheel without climbing.
- Low Profile Gearbox allows access to narrow spaces.
- Fully insulating coil winding dye for increased engine strength.
- Special ejected auto-stop brushes protect the bobbin collector when they wear out giving greater durability.
- 100% Design with bearings that increases tool performance and life.
- Shaft locking button mounted on the side of the gear housing is protected when working in narrow areas.
- Anti-friction engine for increased durability.
No load spedd: 11800 rpm.
Max. disc diameter: 125 mm.
Vibartions - Sanding: 11 m/s².
Vibartions – Sanding with brush: 1.5 m/s².
Package contents: Bumper, Multi-position side handle, Inner and outer disc flange, Key.
• Input power: 900 Watts.
• No load spedd: 11800 rpm.
• Max. disc diameter: 125 mm.
• Vibartions - Sanding: 11 m/s².
• Vibartions – Sanding with brush: 1.5 m/s².
• Sound pressure: 90 dB(A).
• Sound power: 101 dB(A).
• Dimensions (LxH): 270x80 mm.
• Package contents: Bumper, Multi-position side handle, Inner and outer disc flange, Key.


In conjunction with the launching of the Education Fund in 2019, Institut Sinaran invites all students who are in need of financial aid and are interested in Diploma in Commerce and Certified Accounting Technician programmes to apply for the institute's scholarship and bursary.
The condition for the scholarship is that the student's family monthly income must be below RM4000.00 and 5 credits in SPM result with a least a C in English and Mathematics. Please read the terms and conditions for further information.
Please complete the application form with the relevant documents and head to the address below for a walk-in interview.
The walk-in interview dates for the Institut Sinaran Education Fund Scholarship or Bursary is from March 14 to 21, 2019. Please submit the application form during the stated dates.


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The Somali-Australian success stories you've probably never heard
by warsan December 6, 2019 0424
By Joe Hinchliffe
Hussein Haraco, who is originally from Somalia, came to Australia in 2001.
You probably haven't heard his story because, by Mr Haraco's own account, his was a "very smooth transition". Which may be something of an understatement.
In the 17 years he has been in Australia, Mr Haraco has never worked for anybody – but he has employed many others.
Hussein Haraco, director of Haraco Pty Ltd. Credit:Chris Hopkins
With a PhD in economics, Mr Haraco quickly set about starting his own business. He imports food and drinks, deals in real estate, and runs a pizza and billiards parlour.
He works hard to ensure other African-Australians can enjoy the kind of success and prosperity that he and his family have.
The businessman was one of 22 African-Australians from a diverse range of professions who spent the last two years coming up with a plan to improve the lives of other Victorians of African heritage.
On Saturday they presented their recommendations to the state Multicultural Affairs Minister, Robin Scott.
The 12-year plan outlined five goals which aim to help African-Australians improve their economic prosperity, levels of education, participation and engagement with the broader community and – most importantly for Mr Haraco – get jobs.
The Somali-Australian businessman was one of several members of the working group which devised the plan who praised the state government for asking African-Australians to put forward their own ideas.
"This has never happened before," he said.
But he also echoed another common sentiment among the group when he said the time for talking was now over, calling on the Andrews government to invest in their African Communities Action Plan in the upcoming budget.
"$10 million would be a reasonable figure to start with," he said.
"That would be for the implementation process next year, then we'll see how it's working and we can evaluate it and see if we need to increase it."
For Ahmed Hassan, who was also part of the working group, every day of inaction would see more young people "fall through the cracks" in society.
"The Somali community is over-consulted, I don't think more consultation is the answer now … we're looking for action and we're calling on the government to act," he said.
Ahmed Hassan, operations manager at Activating Youth based in the Brunswick. Credit:Chris Hopkins
The action plan speaks to the importance of giving young African-Australians a voice – a cause to which 21-year-old Mr Hassan is dedicated.
After leaving high school in North Melbourne, he set up a rehabilitation and employment program for disadvantaged youth which now comprises more than 10 people who have helped thousands.
"We're building the next generation of young leaders," he said.
Mrs Mohamed is helping bring African sauces and dishes like soor – polenta made from maize flour – sambusa and injera bread to the mainstream, as well as African-designed clothes.
At the same time she raised four children, one of whom is a now nurse, while another two daughters have just finished studying electrical engineering and biomedical science.
North Melbourne-based youth worker Ahmed Dini, 29, said children like Ms Mohamed's were an example of the what could be achieved by providing opportunities.
A Somali-Australian who now lives in Footscray, Halima Mohamed, works to empower African women by helping them establish businesses. Credit: Chris Hopkins
"In 12 years time I'd like to see African-Australians in Parliament, I'd like to see African-Australians in boards, in management positions, I want to see African-Australian people not only playing in the highest level in sport, but also African-Australian becoming scientists, doctors," he said.
"If this is done the right way, if the right resources are put in place, I'm in no doubt that the African-Australian community will make a positive commitment and will have positive outcome for this great democracy."
Ahmed Dini, who chairs the United Through Football program. Credit:
Another day, another crisis: PM Johnson mounts defensive UK election campaign
King Salman leads Saudi official condemnations of Florida attack
Ethiopian migrants chased and shot at in the Gulf
warsan September 25, 2020
Ethiopian Migrants Smuggled Through Horn of Africa
warsan June 20, 2020
What happens to migrants forcibly returned to Libya?
warsan August 7, 2020


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Science has now proved that poetry gives us the feels
by Peter Clark
Frontispiece from William Blake's The Song of Los
I was the shadow of the waxwing slain
(Vladimir Nabokov, Pale Fire)
A splash quite unnoticed
this was
Icarus drowning
(William Carlos Williams, Landscape with the Fall of Icarus)
Jenny, your mind commands
kingdoms of black and white
(Lisel Mueller, Reading the Brothers Grimm to Jenny)
I've always been able to remember certain lines of poetry — words that, once read, imprinted themselves onto my brain without my even trying to remember them. And beyond that, poems that have literally made me shiver, or cry, or tingle, or sob, or reach for my favorite teddy bear to help contain the feelings. (I'm looking at you, Kenneth Koch).
For anyone out there like me, we can rest assured that science has our back. A recent study by a quintet of German and Norwegian researchers, published in the journal Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, makes the claim that poetry, when we hear it read aloud, elicits emotional, physical, and neurological responses not too dissimilar from those produced by music. Said another way, poetry can make the hair rise on the back of your neck, and now we can prove it.
Cody Delistraty at New York explains that the study "asked groups of mostly female German speakers in their mid-20s—some of whom were frequent poetry readers, and some of whom described themselves as novices—to listen to poetry read out loud." Then, with their subjects hooked up to a number of instruments, including one called a goosecam that measures the movement of hair follicles on skin, the researchers collected data on how the body responded. Delistraty goes on to summarize the results:
Every person claimed to have felt chills at some point during the process, and about 40 percent showed visible goose bumps — a percentage that lines up with the responses most people have when listening to music and film soundtracks or watching emotional scenes in movies. Their neurological responses, however, seemed to be unique to poetry… The authors also found evidence to support the idea of poetry's pleasure as a slow-building experience, or what they called a "pre-chill": While listening to poems they found particularly evocative, the listeners subconsciously anticipated the coming emotional arousal in a way that was neurologically similar to the reward anticipation one might get from, for instance, unwrapping a chocolate bar.
The frisson resulting in goosebumps may not surprise you, but the "pre-chill" anticipation of emotional response raises many questions, the most basic of which is whether we are preparing ourselves for an emotional drop, or if the poem itself is preparing us for what's to come. The study does note that the majority of these anticipations occur leading up to natural cadences, which points to a structural impact. But having so many times been struck by a line that jumps out of the texture like a rat scurrying from behind a dumpster when I'm walking home intoxicated at 2am (probably not the best analogy, but still), I wonder if we can sense something that isn't always there in the poem, something personal that resonates with each reader singularly.
Future science will have to take this up. Or future poets. Or future poet-scientists.
In the meantime, I'd recommend reading this interview with Iain McGilchrist, author of The Master and the Emmissary: The Divided Brain and the Making of the Western World, if you want to sink your teeth into more of the science of our brains and poetry.
Peter Clark is a former Melville House sales manager.
Simon Armitage begins decade-long UK library tour
In Memoriam: Lawrence Ferlinghetti
Poet's prize prompts pettiness: rights plight cited
The intersection of poetry and science is more likely than you think
Two indigenous poets read a collaborative poem atop a melting glacier
The healing power of poetry
Cody DelistratyIain McGilchristKenneth KochLisel MuellerneurologyPoetrypre-chillVladimir NabokovWilliam BlakeWilliam Carlos Williams
The Death of Ivan Ilych Leo Tolstoy
Seeing Power Nato Thompson


Welcome to our pretty little family friendly, wooded and flowery camp site tucked between land and sea. Conveniently located in Brittany on the Cotes d'Armor, it is a good starting point for visiting Cap Frehel, Fort la Latte, Erquy, Dinan, Saint-Malo or Mont Saint-Michel and the island of Brehat..
It is also a stopover for hikers or cyclists on the GR34 or the coastal cycle path, the EV4 (between Roscoff and Kiev!) and also the Channel Tour.


LoveFest will be taking place Saturday August 18th, 2018 from 11am – 8pm.
This is a street festival of artists, vendors, food, drink, live music, families and fun – all in the name of LOVE.
When Tara & Cait got married, they closed down West Harvey Ave for their big day. There was live music, lots of yummy food, a great bar and an after dinner dance party on the street. The event was such a success and joy for them to organize, that they decided to make it a annual event and open it up to the public. Thus, LoveFest was born. This festival has become a place for artists to showcase their latest pieces, performers to strut their stuff and culinary creators to share their latest tasty treats and brews. The intention is to be local-friendly and environmentally conscious, while spreading the love of community, our planet, family and the arts.


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About Entrepreneurship Platform
Ecosystem News
Ecosystem Events
Partners in Ecosystem
Startup Support
About the Aalto Ecosystem
Student Guide to System
Researcher Guide to System
Opportunities and Other Support
Minor studies
Ecosystem Alternatives
Two new Assistant Professors join our team
Categories News, Research
Date September 4, 2018
Two new Assistant Professors joined the Aalto University School of Business's Entrepreneurship Unit in autumn 2018.
Dr. Patrick Shulist is an Assistant Professor of Sustainability in Business. He received my PhD in Business Administration from the Ivey Business School in 2016, and held an academic position there until making the move to Finland in 2018. He has also worked at Western University's Africa Institute, and also taught in the Global Health Systems in Africa program there. His research has two main streams, both of which focus on international development and poverty alleviation in sub-Saharan Africa. At Aalto, he will teach both Sustainability in Business, as well as Sustainable Entrepreneurship courses.
Dr. Arne Kroeger is Assistant Professor of Entrepreneurship. His research focuses on how (social) entrepreneurial activities and funding can address societal grand challenges and how they can be measured and assessed. His research has been published in outlets such as The Academy of Management Review, Journal of Management Studies and others. Arne is Associate Editor of the Journal of Social Entrepreneurship. He also served as a reviewer for The Academy of Management Review, Journal of Management Studies, Journal of Business Venturing and others.
Virva Salmivaara
New program for immigrant entrepreneurs
Why is social entrepreneurship valued in Finland and in the US but not in South Korea and in Norway?
Measuring Social Impact of Education Technology
What does entrepreneurship mean for sustainable development? 3 things, according to EU policy
Boosting female entrepreneurship in Beirut
Visiting address:
Ekonominaukio 1
Aalto University
Department of Management Studies
FIN-00076 AALTO
Semih Ersöz
semih.ersoz@aalto.fi
© Aalto University 2018


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BirthplaceCayuga, ON
Steve Clark started playing in Windsor, Ontario, and arrived in Brandon in 1947 to play with Brandon Greys. Steve played three years with Greys, and then played with the Mental Hospital and Shilo. Clarck joined the Cloverleafs in 1954 and starred on four teams that won CMBA titles. Clark was a terror on the base paths and a superb outfielder. Steve retired from baseball as a player, but became a great fastball player with ANAF Vets from Brandon, and was a respected umpire in both baseball and softball. In 1989 City of Brandon named the #1 diamond at Curran Park "Steve Clark Field."
Outfielder


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Home	NewsEnergy | Petroleum	Oil falls after Saudi Arabia's and Russia's meeting putting off
Oil falls after Saudi Arabia's and Russia's meeting putting off
Prices had risen at the end of last week, both WTI and Brent contracts set a record with their weekly highest percentage gains according to the hope that OPEC and its allies would make a global deal to cut supply worldwide.
Saudi Arabia and Russia would initially meet on Monday to discuss supply cuts, but this was postponed to 9 April, as they blamed each other for the collapse of negotiations in March. Thereafter the new date mentioned, oil prices dropped on Monday.
The delay in the meeting, which is planned to be held on Thursday under the leadership of Saudi Arabia through videoconferencing, may also mean giving a call and time for other producers to join the process and take the responsibility.
Brent crude LCoc1 slipped close to $30 a barrel earlier but pared losses to trade down 24 cents, or 0.7%, to $33.87 a barrel by 0639 GMT. West Texas Intermediate crude CLc1 fell 41 cents, or 1.5%, to $27.93 a barrel, off a session low of $25.28.
The decline in global demand due to the coronavirus pandemic and global deadlocks is said to be greater than the cuts proposed by the OPEC + alliance. Cosidering the prices on both sides of the Atlantic, as a result of the oil glut with the market caused by the coronavirus pandemic, oil recording its worst month in March. According to the rumor that oil stocks may not improve even with 10 million bpd production cuts designed for the second quarter and may increase by 15 million bpd.
In the short term, low prices may cause some players to leave the industry, in which case the parties are likely to stabilize. It is very likely that those who will be most affected by this situation are producers of shale.
In addition, US energy companies are likely to experience a coronavirus-induced collapse. Considering current economic crisis and fuel demand, it would be logical to cut drilling spending.
Oil industry debates biggest-ever oil cut with U.S.'s participation
An overall production cut-off likely to happen among big producers


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Mapping Brazil - Classical Music
The 2015 update on classical music in Brazil – by Paulo Zuben
Sao Paulo State Youth Orchestra (credits: Fatima Leria).
An updated portrayal of musical life in Brazil
The last seven years have witnessed many changes in Brazil's classical music scene. Some sectors have developed considerably, others have changed little, and others still have stagnated at the same levels as the last decade.
One of the areas that has seen the greatest change is music education. This is partly because of the national debate about the subject, which was galvanised after federal law 11769 was passed on 18 August 2008, determining that in the following three years music should become a mandatory component of primary and secondary education at public and private schools, and also in response to the emergence in different parts of the country of music education and social inclusion programmes, transforming Brazil's musical landscape. Another very encouraging change has been the progressive decentralisation of cultural actions in the country, with the emergence and strengthening of music establishments in states other than São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, which now have a variety of orchestras and music festivals. New education programmes have also been created, yielding excellent results and opening up new prospects for the spread of music and music education and new opportunities for professionals.
Meanwhile, many Brazilian orchestras seem to be stuck in the nineteenth century. Their members, whose roles are still greatly underrated, are excluded from artistic decision-making processes, which are more often than not left exclusively to a conductor who was not even chosen by them in the first place. This central figure uses a variety of political and marketing skills to direct the whole artistic process of the orchestra single-handedly. The hierarchical and authoritarian nature of this kind of organisational models leaves no room for debate. The extremely limited involvement of the musicians sparks tensions that inevitably impact on the artistic quality of the work. Creativity becomes a peripheral part of the process, often resulting in extremely conservative repertoire choices. Concert seasons are organised to be as risk-free as possible, and contemporary music rarely makes an appearance on the programmes of the country's biggest orchestras, which continue to perform traditional works from the classical repertoire rather than seizing the challenge of building a new audience for music from contemporary times.
However, this problem also overlaps with the role of education itself, since young musicians are surely the ones who will ultimately spearhead change. Exchanges between Brazilian conservatories and orchestras and their international counterparts need to be strengthened. Efforts in this respect are still few and far between, because few institutional opportunities are created to help young Brazilian musicians study abroad and encourage experienced musicians from abroad to spend time in Brazil. When exchanges of this kind do take place, they prove important for the young musicians involved to improve their technique. However, the development of leaders, especially to manage Brazil's musical institutions, remains a big challenge for the coming years.
Continue reading Mapping Brazil - Classical Music: Music Education
The Cultural Field
Contemporary Arts
Higher Art Education
Music - Classical
Music - Dance
Josine Backus
Brazil I South Africa
j.backus@dutchculture.nl
RT @DutchCulture: In #14 of our series Infected Cities about Madrid, different art professionals will talk about how the Spanish capital re…
1month Janneke van der Wijk @JannekevdWijk
RT @JannekevdWijk: So proud of the collaboration between the Big Bands from the @ConsAmsterdam and @emesp Viajando Pelo Brasil | Festival E…
1month Josine Backus @JosineBackus
Just launched: Stories from #DutchBrazil in both Portuguese and Dutch. Portuguese version: t.co/zRf9nm63QF… t.co/996zlNLiBs


The Goods and Services Tax (GST) was implemented on July 1st, 2017. With its implementation the door has been shut on most of the indirect taxes such as excise duty, VAT, service tax, central sales tax, entertainment taxes and a host of other taxes. As you may have already heard this is the possibly the biggest tax reform in India in recent times and will continue to stalk headlines for a long time to come.
If you are running a business, it is likely that GST has already impacted your life in some way, but even as a layman knowing some GST basics is worthwhile, so you can be a part of this big change India is undergoing.
A couple of other such as head offices who take services on behalf of branches and later distribute it to them (called input service distributors) and those who pay tax on reverse charge basis (we'll understand it a bit more later). Here is a complete list of taxable persons under GST.
If you are a service provider, you do not have to register for GST if your receipts are within the Rs 20 lakhs threshold even though you supply inter-state. This was announced in the GST council meeting held on 6th October 2017. Do note that this option is not available to sellers of goods, who must register irrespective of turnover if they sell inter-state.
GSTIN refers to the unique GST identification number that every business will be allotted. Every taxpayer will be allotted a state-wise, PAN-based 15-digit Goods and Services Taxpayer Identification Number (GSTIN). Also, note that having PAN is mandatory to register under GST.
If you are registered under GST, you invoice your goods or services with GST. Say if you are providing a service or selling a good covered under GST, your invoice charges Rs 1lakh + Rs 18,000 (assuming GST rate 8%) for a good/service that is sold at Rs 1 lakh. Whatever GST you collect on your sales has to be deposited with the government. Now to be able to supply this good or service of Rs 1lakhs, it is likely you made certain purchases for your business. GST law allows you to set off the GST taxes you've paid on purchase from the Rs 18,000 you have to deposit. Say your raw materials costed Rs 50,000 (GST Rs 2,500), services used on the raw materials Rs 20,000 (GST Rs 3,600). You can reduce the taxes paid by you on the purchases from your output tax liability. So therefore, you will deposit to the government Rs 18,000 – Rs 2,500 – Rs 3,600 = Rs 11,900 to the government. This way every dealer in the chain will deposit GST and keep on claiming credit of taxes paid by them on business purchases. This mechanism is called input tax credit (ITC).
Usually when the supplier supplies goods, the onus is on the supplier to pay the taxes charged. However, in certain cases, the tax is borne by the buyer of the goods. This is called a reverse charge as the charge of tax is reversed. This happens in case of certain notified goods and services, such as services of a lawyer, author, insurance agent, recovery agent, where the buyer of these services has to pay tax on service received. Similarly, in case of certain goods such as unpeeled cashew, tobacco etc bought from an agriculturist, tax has to be paid on reverse charge. This reverse charge has been implemented to ease the burden of compliance on some businesses. If you are taking any of these services or goods (notified under section 9(3) of the CGST Act), then you must pay tax on reverse charge basis. As well as mandatorily register.
Similarly, when a registered person purchases goods and services from an unregistered person, then the buyer has to pay GST on reverse charge basis. However, this aspect of service charge, for goods and services bought from an unregistered person has been put on hold until 31.03.2018 by the GST council in its meeting held on 6th October 2017. Learn all about reverse charge in detail here.
Any tax law requires that registrants must file a tax return. These returns are the basis on which businesses deposit taxes to the government. The 3 basic returns under GST are GSTR-1. GSTR-2 and GSTR-3. And then an annual return called GSTR-9. A regular taxpayer will file these returns monthly for each GSTIN. The GST Council recently allowed businesses with turnover of less than Rs 1.5cr to file quarterly return starting the October quarter. Filing a GST return is critical to comply with this GST law. Make sure you are adhering to the timelines and due dates of this tax return, so you don't end up paying penalty for delays.