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Get tips for figuring out how much you can spend when upgrading your yard and other outdoor areas.
Here's how to create a plan, choose plants, set a budget and hire contractors.
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text:
рН-метрия ЖКТ
рН-метрия пищевода
Can MF, Yagci G, Cetiner S, et al. Accurate positioning of the 24-hour pH monitoring catheter: Agreement between manometry and pH step-up method in two patient positions. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13(46): 6197-6202.
Авторы: Can M.F. / Yagci G. / Cetiner S. / Gulsen M. / Yigit T. / Ozturk E. / Gorgulu S. / Tufan T.
Accurate positioning of the 24-hour pH monitoring catheter: Agreement between manometry and pH step-up method in two patient positions
Mehmet Fatih Can, Gokhan Yagci, Sadettin Cetiner, Mustafa Gulsen, Taner Yigit, Erkan Ozturk, Semih Gorgulu, and Turgut Tufan
Author information ►
Mehmet Fatih Can, Gokhan Yagci, Sadettin Cetiner, Taner Yigit, Erkan Ozturk, Turgut Tufan, Departments of General Surgery, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Etlik, Ankara, Turkey
Mustafa Gulsen, Semih Gorgulu, Gastoenterology and Hepatology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Etlik, Ankara, Turkey
Mehmet Fatih Can, Gokhan Yagci, Sadettin Cetiner, Mustafa Gulsen, Taner Yigit, Erkan Ozturk, Semih Gorgulu, "Reflux Research Group", Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Etlik, Ankara, Turkey
Author contributions: All authors contributed equally to the work.
Correspondence to: Mehmet Fatih Can, MD, Departments of General Surgery, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Kent Koop Mh. 11.Cd. Guneyce Merkez Sit. A/10, 06370, Batikent Ankara, Turkey. mfcan @ gata.edu.tr. Telephone: +90-505-4568779. Fax: +90-312-3045100.
Аннотация на русском языке
AIM: To investigate the agreement between esophageal manometry and pH step-up method in two different patient positions.
METHODS: Eighteen subjects were included in the study. First, the distance from the nose to the proximal border of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) was measured manometrically. Then a different investigator, who was blinded to the results of the first study, measured the same distance using the pH step-up method, with the patient in both upright and supine positions. An assessment of agreement between the two techniques was performed.
RESULTS: In the supine position, the measurement of only one subject was outside the range accepted for correct positioning (≤ 3 cm distal or proximal to the LES). In the upright position, errors in measurement were recognized in five subjects. Bland-Altman plots revealed good agreement between measurements obtained manometrically and by the pH-step up method with the patient in the supine position.
CONCLUSION: In the case of nonavailability of manometric detection device, the pH step-up method can facilitate the positioning of the 24 h pH monitoring catheter with the patient in the supine position. This should increase the use of pH-metry in clinical practice for subjects with suspected gastroesophageal reflux disease if our results are supported by further studies.
Keywords: pH monitoring, Esophageal manometry, pH step-up method, Gastroesophageal reflux
Citation: Can MF, Yagci G, Cetiner S, Gulsen M, Yigit T, Ozturk E, Gorgulu S, Tufan T. Accurate positioning of the 24-hour pH monitoring catheter: Agreement between manometry and pH step-up method in two patient positions. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13(46): 6197-6202.
Although the number of patients with a confirmed diagnosis with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is low, the condition is thought to affect many more people worldwide [1]. The evaluation of patients with reflux symptoms often requires using an advisable diagnostic tool both for distinguishing between physiologic and pathologic reflux, and for the purpose of treatment. New diagnostic tests (multichannel impedance monitoring, wireless pH monitoring capsules, etc.) have been developed and have become popular over the last decade, especially in leading industrial countries [2]. However, the conventional 24 h ambulatory pH monitoring continues to be the most common diagnostic test for determining pathologic acid reflux in developing countries. Traditionally, the distal pH sensor of the monitoring catheter is positioned 5 cm above the proximal border of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), since the threshold used to discriminate the diagnostic cut-off level of acid exposure has been validated at this point [3]. The most popular method used for detecting this location is prior esophageal manometry. However, several measures have been employed to accurately determine the location of the LES, since manometric measurement (despite being essential to recognize motility disorders) is time consuming, is an invasive procedure [4-10], is uncomfortable for patients, and leads to an increase in the cost of the diagnostic work-up.
In the past, the pH step-up method has been used for this purpose, but the results obtained were conflicting [5,11]. It is well known that gravity and body position have an effect on organ position, and in particular abdominal contents [12]. In the present study, we investigated the influence of body position on the location of the pH monitoring catheter during the pH step-up process. We hypothesized that localizing the pH probe with the patient in a supine position was more accurate since it is the same position as is used in manometric measurement.
Preparation for the study
The study was conducted between May 2004 and July 2005, in a Military Medical Academic Hospital, in the GI Endoscopy and Manometry Laboratory of the General Surgery Department. Eighteen patients with reflux symptoms, but without hiatus hernia, (ten male and eight female), ranging in age from 22 to 68 (median age 46) years, and referred for esophageal manometry and esophageal pH monitoring constituted the study group. All esophageal tests were performed by two physicians, each of whom was blind to the results obtained by the other, however, all therapeutic decisions were made by a multidisciplinary gastroesophageal reflux team.
The tests were explained in detail to each patient, and written consent was obtained. All patients had been investigated endoscopically prior to the study, and only two had esophagitis. Patients with esophagitis had grade B disease according to the Los Angeles Classification [13] and there was no evidence of any serious disease (Barrett's esophagus, carcinoma etc.). Esophageal pH monitoring determined the presence of GERD in eleven cases (GERD group) while physiologic acid reflux was observed in the remaining subjects (Non-GERD group). All medications which could potentially impact esophageal motility, LES pressure and acid reflux were discontinued fifteen days prior to the tests.
Study protocol
An eight-lumen polyvinyl catheter with an external diameter of 4.5 mm [four lumens arranged 90º from each other for the most distal openings on the same circle, and the remaining four lumens with openings 5, 10, 15 and 20 cm proximal to the distal one respectively (Solar, MMS B.V. Enschede, The Netherlands)] was used for esophageal manometry. Once perfused and filled with distilled water, each lumen was connected to a pressure transducer-recorder system. Perfusion was maintained by fluid flow of 1 mL/min. After a six hour fast, patients were admitted to the laboratory. Topical anesthesia was applied, and with the patient in the supine position the catheter was introduced through the nose and into the stomach. The distance from the proximal margin of the LES to the nostril, the mean resting pressure and length of the LES, receptive relaxation of the LES, waves of esophageal peristalsis stimulated by wet swallow, and upper esophageal sphincter location were detected by using the stationary pull-through method. Each of the pulling steps was at intervals of 1 cm. The actual location of the proximal margin of the LES was based on the mean location of four radially oriented openings. The catheter was removed after measurements of the upper esophageal sphincter resting pressure and the location site was recorded.
After obtaining the manometric values, a different investigator who was blind to these findings performed the pH study. For this purpose, we used a double electrode ambulatory pH monitoring catheter [first sensor on the tip, and another 15 cm above the first (pH probe meter, MMS B.V. Enschede, The Netherlands)], calibrated with buffer fluids at pH 7.0 and 1.0, immediately prior to the test. The catheter was introduced into the stomach through the nose, with the patient in the upright position and breathing shallow. After confirmation of acidic pH, the catheter was withdrawn gradually until an abrupt rise in pH to > 4.0 (pH step-up) was detected. The pH readings were used to indicate the proximal margin of the LES at the esophagogastric junction. To confirm this point, the catheter was withdrawn at least a further 10 cm and then re-inserted into the stomach. The process was repeated two more times. The mean value of the three readings was used when there was a difference in the three measurements.
All tests after esophageal manometry were repeated with patients in the supine position. Following this stage, the first investigator rejoined the study and positioned the distal electrode of the catheter 5 cm above the upper margin of the LES, based on the actual LES location determined by manometric study. A chest x-ray was obtained to ensure against any bends or rolls. If any bend, roll, or dislocation was noted, the catheter location was re-confirmed after making the necessary corrections. Finally, ambulatory 24 h pH monitoring was initiated, with comments made on the usage rules of the recording machine.
The results of statistical analysis are noted in the text as mean ± standard deviation (SD) except for age. To analyze the significance of the results, the SPSS version 11.0 software package program (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA) was used. All data obtained from manometric measurements were compared between patients with pathologic and physiologic reflux using the Mann-Whitney-U test. The results of measurement and analysis with respect to esophageal motility above the LES and upper esophageal sphincter functions were not included in this report. An agreement between methods was assessed using the Bland-Altman analysis. This method tests agreement between two measurements, one of which is generally accepted as the gold standard. In addition, correlation between distances measured manometrically and by pH step-up method was calculated using Spearman's rho test. Results with P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Patients referred for esophageal manometry and 24 h ambulatory pH monitoring were identified. None of the subjects had a hiatus hernia, an esophageal motility disorder, or dysfunction of the upper esophageal sphincter. According to the DeMeester reflux scoring system [14], eleven patients had acid reflux above the pathologic level; while the remaining subjects experienced reflux within the physiologic range (data not provided).
The results of comparison between the LES length and the mean resting pressure of the LES are given in Table 1. The LES length was 3.27 ± 0.9 in the GERD group and 2.86 ± 0.7 in the non-GERD group (P = 0.268). There was a significant difference between the mean resting LES pressures (10.82 ± 2.6 for GERD group and 18.43 ± 4.0 for non-GERD group, P = 0.02). In addition, a receptive relaxation at the level of LES was clearly observed in all but two subjects whose mean resting LES pressures were comparatively lower (7 and 8 mmHg, respectively).
Table 1. Comparative results of GERD and non-GERD groups
Variables (mean ± SD)
GERD group
Non-GERD group
n (male/female)
11 (6/5)
7 (4/3)
LES length (cm)
3.27 ± 0.9
LES resting pressure, mmHg
10.82 ± 2.6
18.43 ± 4.0a
Distance: nose to the PB-LES, cm (by manometry)
42 ± 3.8
41.7 ± 3.5
Distance: nose to the PB-LES, cm (by pH step-up in upright position)
Distance: nose to the PB-LES, cm (by pH step-up in supine position)
Clear detection of receptive relaxation of the LES (n)
aP < 0.05 vs GERD group (Mann-Whitney-U test). LES: Lower esophageal sphincter; PB-LES: Proximal border of the LES.
In both study groups, the distance from the nose to the proximal border of the LES, detected manometrically was in the range of 37 to 49 (average 41.89 ± 3.58) cm. The same distance measured by the pH step-up method ranged between 40 and 51 (average 44.39 ± 2.95) cm in the upright position, and between 37 and 50 (average 42.94 ± 3.09) cm in the supine position. Bland-Altman (bias) statistics showed a good agreement between the distances measured manometrically and by the pH step-up method. This agreement was found within clinically acceptable limits (difference ± 3 cm) in measurements obtained with patients in the supine position [difference (mean ±SD): -1.06 ± 1.76, CI 95% for supine position and -2.5 ± 1.82, CI 95% for upright position] (Figures 1 and 2). When the differences are analyzed based on the individual results, a difference of > 3 cm between measurements obtained manometrically and by the pH step-up method in a supine position was observed in only one subject, where as there were five subjects who had a difference > 3 cm in the measurements performed in the upright position. A strong correlation was also noted between the two methods (correlation coefficient: 0.842, P < 0.0001 for manometry/pH step-up in the upright position, and correlation coefficient: 0.891, P < 0.0001 for manometry/pH step-up in the supine position, respectively, using the Spearman's rho test). A comparison of the GERD vs non-GERD patients with respect to the measurement obtained with each method-manometry, pH step-up in an upright position, and pH step-up in a supine position-showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups.
Figure 1. Bland-Altman scatter graph plotted to assess agreement between measurements obtained manometrically and by the pH step-up method with patients in the upright position. Grey area surrounded by longer dashed line indicates clinically acceptable limits.
Figure 2. Bland-Altman scatter graph plotted to assess agreement between measurements obtained manometrically and by the pH step-up method with patients in the supine position. Grey area surrounded by longer dashed line indicates clinically acceptable limits.
Our comparative study of LES function in patients with pathologic vs physiologic reflux are in agreement with established data regarding the pathogenesis of GERD. We observed a significant difference in the LES resting pressures of both groups, but not in the LES lengths. Similar results were reported in a previous study [15]. Another report demonstrated that patients with reflux esophagitis had a lower minimum LES pressure compared with healthy subjects [16]. However, we could not determine the receptive relaxation of the LES during wet swallow in two patients with GERD. This was perhaps due to the presence of very low resting pressures, which made measurement of the relaxation pressure difficult. The results of pH monitoring and the management of patients with pathologic reflux have not been provided in this report.
For an accurate positioning of a pH electrode, esophageal manometry is widely accepted as the gold standard. Almost all of the other methods recommended for precise pH electrode placement (endoscopy, fluoroscopy, transnasal fiberoptic laryngoscopy, etc.), require interventions which increase the cost and are more invasive. It is for this reason that we recommend the pH step-up method, which aims at identifying the proximal border of the LES and only requires the use of pH monitoring catheter. Our results are based on the detection of an abrupt rise in the pH as the catheter is withdrawn from the acidic pH of the stomach into the neutral (pH > 4) environment of the esophagus. In contrast to other studies [5,17,18], some reports have stressed that the pH step-up method cannot be used for positioning of the pH electrode in the esophagus [11,19,20]. One of these studies by Marples and colleagues [20], suggested that false positioning of the pH electrode may occur (they detected incorrect positioning of 10 cm above and 16 cm below the LES) if the pH step-up method is used. Pehl and co-workers interpreted this inter-individual variance as a methodological bias, and have explained this on the basis of a lower position of the electrode, presumably because of the inability to detect acidic content secondary to the location of the electrode in the fundic air, when the patient is in the upright position [18]. This explanation supports our results, as it suggests that in the supine position, the withdrawal process may help in the correct positioning of the pH electrode. In fact, it should be recognized that a significant number of physicians interested in GERD and related illnesses have to manage such patients without esophageal manometry, since this test is still not commonly available, especially in community hospitals and small medical centers in developing countries [21]. For example, in the city of Ankara (the second largest city in Turkey), there are ten medical departments using esophageal pH monitoring in adult patients. However, adult participants are investigated by manometry in only five of these centers. This rate is similar to that in pediatric centers; therefore, a correct guide to the use of the pH step-up method is required.
We proposed to answer the following three questions with this study: (1) Could manometric determination of the LES level be safely replaced by the pH step-up method? (2) Does the degree of reliability change with the position of patient during pull-through?, and (3) Is there any difference in the measurements of GERD vs non-GERD patients? Esophageal manometry is generally performed when the patient is in a supine position and motionless; this provides the most accurate results from level-oriented pressure sensors. These sensors are properly calibrated prior to each measurement. When an individual reclines from the sitting to the supine position, the fundic air is dispersed throughout the stomach [22], and thus most of the acidic fluid content of the stomach comes into contact with inferior surface of the LES. Therefore, we hypothesized that the distal electrode of the pH monitoring catheter more precisely registers the pH change during the withdrawal process when the patient is in the supine position. Furthermore, as previously reported, LES pressure is higher in the supine position compared to the sitting position, particularly in patients with reflux esophagitis [22]. This may facilitate determining the pH change by preventing the escape of acid fluid into the esophagus, especially in patients whose LES pressure is very low. Despite this, reflux can occur when the patient is in a supine position. Therefore, to avoid a flawed measurement during a possible reflux episode, we repeated the withdrawal process two more times. In another report supporting the reliability of our measurements, the supine position was shown to have no greater influence on the amount of possible acid exposure than that of a 20 degree head-up position in healthy individuals, even if the stomach was full [23]. A previous study by Decktor et al showed that the placement of the esophageal pH monitoring catheter across the gastroesophageal junction did not increase gastroesophageal reflux [24]. These findings support our hypothesis with respect to the trustworthiness of the method.
Another possible reason for the difference in the measurements between the upright and supine positions is the effect of gravity on organ placement. It is well known that gravity, plays a significant role in posture and the proprioceptive location of body parts [12]. This effect may change an organ's location if it is sufficiently free from adjacent structures. There is a continuous movement of internal organs, caused by factors such as breathing, postural changes, and muscle contractions, which affects the abdominal contents as well as the diaphragm [25,26]. Although less than that compared to intra abdominal organs, there is measurable movement with changes in posture of organs within the ribcage. The pericardium, a structure that is adherent to adjacent tissues, has been shown to be mobile in the sagittal plane [27]. In light of these observations, it is possible that the LES may have a similar posture-related movement. This would help explain the difference in the measurement between the nostril and the proximal border of LES in the two positions. The present study showed no difference in the distance between nose and the proximal border of the LES between patients with and without GERD. These results were obtained both by the pH step-up technique as well as by the manometric method (Table 1). This finding is of critical importance as it indicates that the pH step-up method can be used in both GERD and non-GERD patients.
Measuring the exact location of the proximal border of the LES is presumably impossible because the LES is a ring that is localized in a diagonal plane in association with complex vector volumes [28]. Therefore, a difference in distance of up to 2 cm may be determined by different radially-oriented openings during manometric measurement. For this reason, an electrode positioned by any method, at 3 cm above or below the manometric position, is commonly accepted as accurate [11,18]. However, if the electrode is positioned with a difference of 5 cm or more, a significant error in acid detection can occur. Anggiansah and co-workers reported that in nine out of twenty GERD patients, the clinical diagnoses according to the DeMeester reflux scoring system, was altered if the pH electrode was placed 10 cm above the LES [29]. Another study showed that there was a two-fold greater measurement of reflux events if an electrode was positioned at 1 cm compared with 5 cm above the gastroesophageal junction [30]. According to our results, all but one pH step-up measurement (successful in 17 of 18) made in the supine position was in the acceptable range (± 3 cm), whereas five measurements failed to determine the acceptable pH-step up location (successful in 13 of 18) in the upright position. Bland-Altman agreement plots demonstrated the superiority of measurements obtained in the supine position.
These findings clearly indicate the need for accurate placement of the ambulatory pH monitoring catheter with the patient in a supine position rather than in an upright position. However, the relatively small number of patients that were investigated may restrict the power of this conclusion. The total number of individuals tested was low because the study was designed to include subjects without hiatus hernia. Therefore, additional prospective, double-blind trials with larger number of subjects are needed for better understanding of this issue. Although patient position during diagnostic work-up may seem to be of little significance, the overall number of individuals who suffer from suspected reflux symptoms makes this issue quite important. In our opinion, physicians who manage patients with GERD should use this technique in clinical practice, especially in centers where manometric devices are not available.
In summary, we consider 24-h pH monitoring as the most valuable diagnostic tool in GERD; until such time as new methods now under development become widely available. Esophageal manometry is still the most reliable method for determining the proximal border of the LES. However, it has several limitations to its routine use. Hence, we recommend an easy method of placement of the ambulatory pH monitoring catheter. To our knowledge, this is the first study designed to assess the effect of patient's position on pH monitoring catheter location by an evidence-based clinical trial. Further studies with larger number of subjects are needed to confirm these results. We conclude that if the catheter is positioned when the patient is in a supine position rather than an upright position, the results obtained are more accurate. This may increase both the use of pH measurements without manometry and improve the diagnosis rate of GERD in developing regions of the world.
The authors thank Sezgin Ulusahin, Mahsuni Bahar and Nuh Gumus for their support in collecting the data.
24-h pH monitoring remains the most crucial test to determine pathologic acid reflux in gastroesophageal reflux disease. Accurate placement of 24-h pH monitoring catheter requires prior esophageal manometry that enables physicians to precisely detect the upper border of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). Manometric measurement is a relatively invasive procedure, is uncomfortable to patients, and leads to increase in the cost as well as the time spent on investigating each patient. The pH step-up method has been recommended for this purpose; however, published reports provide conflicting results on its usefulness. In the present study, we investigated the influence of patient posture on the pH step-up method, which resulted in improvement in the accuracy of the test.
Research frontiers
In an attempt to find an alternative method to esophageal manometry, different workers have recommended other techniques such as endoscopy, fluoroscopy and transnasal fiberoptic laryngoscopy; however, all of these add new difficulties and additional cost to the diagnostic workup. By contrast, the pH step-up method only requires the use of a monitoring catheter, however any alteration in the location of the pH sensor results in false measurement. This fundamental aspect of the study led us to the finding that the location and level of the pH sensor in the esophagus can alter with posture. To date, this finding has not been reported; and therefore, we decided to prospectively investigate the effect of patient posture on the position of pH monitoring catheter.
Innovations and breakthroughs
The present study revealed that the pH monitoring catheter could be more accurately positioned when the examination is performed with patient in a supine position. Bland-Altman (bias) statistics showed a good agreement between the distances measured manometrically and by the pH step-up method; however, this agreement was found within clinically acceptable limits (difference ± 3 cm) only with the measurements obtained with patients in the supine position. The possible factors and effects leading to this result are discussed in the present article.
The main debate about the use of the pH step-up method is focused on the ability to accurately position the monitoring catheter. The results of the present study suggest that examination carried out with the patient in the supine position increases the likelihood of accurate placement. Despite these encouraging findings, because of the small number of patients included in the present study, further trials with larger study population will be required to confirm our findings. If confirmed, this technical step will help make 24-hour pH monitoring a routine procedure. We believe that catheter placement for ambulatory pH monitoring can be more easily managed by using the pH step-up method.
pH step-up: defines a sudden increase in the pH as the pH monitoring catheter is withdrawn from the acidic content of the stomach into the neutral (pH > 4) environment of the esophagus. It indicates that the pH sensor has crossed the gastroesophageal junction. Blant-Altman analysis: This test is used to compare the bias (the mean of the differences) and limits of agreement (bias ± 2 SD of bias) between two methods, one of which is accepted as the gold standard.
In this manuscript, the authors ascertained the accuracy of the step-up method in intra-esophageal pH monitoring. The study was well performed and the conclusion is clear and very interesting.
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21. Wang JH, Luo JY, Dong L, Gong J, Zuo AL. Composite score of reflux symptoms in diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease. World J Gastroenterol. 2004;10:3332–3335.
22. Iwakiri K, Sugiura T, Kotoyori M, Yamada H, Hayashi Y, Nakagawa Y, Kawakami A, Kobayashi M. Effect of body position on lower esophageal sphincter pressure. J Gastroenterol. 1999;34:305–309.
23. Jeske HC, Borovicka J, von Goedecke A, Meyenberger C, Heidegger T, Benzer A. The influence of postural changes on gastroesophageal reflux and barrier pressure in nonfasting individuals. Anesth Analg. 2005;101:597–600, table of contents.
24. Decktor DL, Krawet SH, Rodriguez SL, Robinson M, Castell DO. Dual site ambulatory pH monitoring: a probe across the lower esophageal sphincter does not induce gastroesophageal reflux. Am J Gastroenterol. 1996;91:1162–1166.
25. Cotter LA, Arendt HE, Jasko JG, Sprando C, Cass SP, Yates BJ. Effects of postural changes and vestibular lesions on diaphragm and rectus abdominis activity in awake cats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2001;91:137–144.
26. Delattre JF, Palot JP, Ducasse A, Flament JB, Hureau J. The crura of the diaphragm and diaphragmatic passage. Applications to gastroesophageal reflux, its investigation and treatment. Anat Clin. 1985;7:271–283.
27. Bleetman A, Dyer J. Ultrasound assessment of the vulnerability of the internal organs to stabbing: determining safety standards for stab-resistant body armour. Injury. 2000;31:609–612.
28. Marsh RE, Perdue CL, Awad ZT, Watson P, Selima M, Davis RE, Filipi CJ. Is analysis of lower esophageal sphincter vector volumes of value in diagnosing gastroesophageal reflux disease? World J Gastroenterol. 2003;9:174–178.
29. Anggiansah A, Sumboonnanonda K, Wang J, Linsell J, Hale P, Owen WJ. Significantly reduced acid detection at 10 centimeters compared to 5 centimeters above lower esophageal sphincter in patients with acid reflux. Am J Gastroenterol. 1993;88:842–846.
30. Lehman G, Rogers D, Cravens E, Flueckiger J. Prolonged pH probe testing less than 5 cm above the lower esophageal sphincter (LES): Establishing normal control values. Gastroenterology. 1990;98:A77.
S- Editor Zhu LH, L- Editor Anand BS, E- Editor Wang HF
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Ceftin is a cephalosporin antibiotic. It interferes with the production of certain biochemicals necessary for bacteria to sustain life.
Used to treat mild to moderate bacterial infections of the throat, lungs, ears, skin, and urinary tract, and to treat several types of gonorrhea. Also used to treat early Lyme disease and acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis.
Take exactly as prescribed; finish taking all medication. May be taken with or without food; works faster when taken after meals. Treatment for children is in tablet form only. Since tablets have a strong, bitter taste, they may be crushed and mixed with food.
Usual adult dose (and children 12 years and older): 250 milligrams taken 2 times per day. For more severe infections — up to 500 milligrams taken 2 times per day. For urinary tract infections — 125 milligrams taken 2 times per day, up to 250 milligrams taken 2 times per day for a severe infection. For gonorrhea— a single dose of 1 gram.
Usual child dose: children up to 12 years — 125 milligrams taken 2 times per day. For middle ear infections: children under 2 years — 125 milligrams taken 2 times per day; children over 2 years — 250 milligrams 2 times per day.
Missed dose: for 1 dose per day — take as soon as possible, unless almost time for next dose. In that case, take missed dose, and the next dose 10 to 12 hours later, then go back to regular schedule. For 2 doses per day — take as soon as possible, unless almost time for next dose. In that case, take missed dose, and the next dose 5 to 6 hours later, then go back to regular schedule. Do not double doses.
overdose can cause brain irritation leading to convulsions. If you suspect an overdose, immediately seek medical attention.
More common side effects: colitis; diarrhea; nausea; skin rashes, redness, or itching; vomiting.
Less common or rare Ceftin side effects: dizziness, headache, seizures, vaginal inflammation, yeast infection.
Probenecid, a gout medication; and antidiarrheal medications such as Lomotil, which may cause diarrhea side effect to worsen.
If allergic to cephalosporins or penicillins, tell your doctor before taking Ceftin; could result in an extremely severe reaction.
May cause false positive reading with urine sugar tests for diabetics.
If you develop diarrhea, contact your doctor immediately; colitis has been associated with using Ceftin.
HealthSurvey.org provides accurate and independent information prescription pills, over-the-counter medicines and natural products. This material is provided for educational purposes only and is not intended for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. If you have questions about dosage, or Ceftin side effects, please contact your healthcare provider.


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Halliburton pays £1.1bn for Deepwater Horizon oil spill
Oil field service provider Halliburton has reached a $1.1 billion (£670m) agreement to settle claims made against the company for its part in the Deepwater Horizon oil rig explosion in the Gulf of Mexico.
The oil rig was operated by BP when it exploded in 2010, killing eleven people and leading to five million barrels of oil being spilled into the sea. The incident is considered to be the biggest marine disaster in the US.
Halliburton provided the cement for the Deepwater Horizon site that was intended to act as a seal in the event of a disaster. As a result, the company has faced legal action related to the incident. The $1.1 billion (£670m) settlement, which includes legal fees, has been approved by the US District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana.
The settlement comes almost a year after Anthony Badamamenti, a former concrete technology director at Halliburton, pleaded guilty to destroying evidence regarding the explosion.
In a joint statement, co-lead attorneys for a committee of plaintiffs affected by the disasters, Stephen Herman and James Roy commented, "Halliburton stepped up to the plate and agreed to provide a fair measure of compensation to people and businesses harmed in the wake of the Deepwater Horizon tragedy."
BP has also faced spiralling costs relating to the incident. In June the US Supreme Court told the company to keep paying compensation for the oil spill, though BP previously contested the fines as unfair. London councils are among investors suing BP over the disaster.
Though it occurred over four years ago, the effects of the oil spill still persist in the region. A study published last month found that sediment samples taken from the site contain toxic compounds in concentrations that exceed water quality standards.
Conservationists have also found that 14 species, including bottlenose dolphins, sea turtles, oysters and sperm whams, are sill struggling to recover from the disaster.
Photo: EPI2oh via Flickr
Toxic pollutants persist in Gulf of Mexico after BP's Deepwater Horizon oil spill
BP's Deepwater Horizon oil spill damaging tuna heart in Gulf of Mexico
Gulf of Mexico oil spill was not just our fault, says BP
BP loses legal battle over 2010 oil spill compensation limits
Former Deepwater Horizon manager pleads guilty to destroying evidence
Related Topics:Anthony BadamamentiDeepwater HorizondisasterexplosionGulf of MexicoHalliburtonJames RoyoilrigspillStephen HermanUS


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With RealPlayer, you will be inspired for new ways to create, edit & share your stories with your friends. In this article, TechiSky will only focus on the conversion features of RealPlayer.
TechiSky will introduces the built-in and guide you on; as well as introduces an excellent to help you. Part 1: Introduces built-in RealPlayer Converter in RealPlayer RealPlayer has a converter built-in named RealTimes Converter which makes RealPlayer a convenient converter. The RealPlayer Converter can convert video to 3GP, MP4, RealVideo, WMV, as well as convert video and audio to audio AAC, MP3, RealAudio 10, RealAudio Lossless, WMA and WAV. In addition, the RealPlayer Converter optimizes video formats for Cell Phones, Portable Media Players and TV Connected Devices. Part 2: How to use the built-in RealPlayer Converter in RealPlayer? • Drag and drop your files to the RealPlayer.
Your video will be added to "Photos & Videos ->Videos". Your audio will be added to "Music ->Library". • In your video or audio library in RealPlayer, highlight the file. Intel pentium e5400 drivers.
Open the RealPlayer Downloader in one of these ways: - Click the downloader icon on the RealPlayer itself, next to the globe - RealPlayer->Preferences->Window->Open RealPlayer Downloader. Open your browser (Firefox or Safari) and go to the video site. Right-click on the video. Click on the Downloader icon on the Dashboard. This article introduces in details how to convert Real Player video files to AVI, HD AVI with the smart RealPlayer Converter. Free Download and start now!
And for Windows users right click the mouse to open the context menu. For Mac users, press Ctrl and click the mouse to open the context menu. Compare apple airport wireless card for mac g3 g4 g5. Then choose "Edit -> Convert". The RealTimes Converter window will pop up.
• In RealTimes Converter, choose the desired format you want to convert your files to. • Click on "Start" button to start conversion. Part 3: Introduces the Professional RealPlayer Converter alternative – Aiseesoft Total Video Converter Though RealPlayer Converter can convert lots of videos and audios to many popular video, audio formats. It can not convert several videos like MXF, WebM, HEVC, SWF, MKV, ALAC, OGG, etc. In addition, RealPlayer offers users to upgrade option to RealPlayer Premium with $4.99/mo.


Agendas will be posted in advance of each regular meeting of the Board of Trustees and each committee meeting. Minutes of each meeting will be posted after approval at the following meeting.
In the chart below, the text that is blue is a link to the corresponding agenda, minutes or payables approved at that meeting. The documents are posted in PDF format.


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Home > Partners > World Mission Prayer League (LAMB Hospital)
World Mission Prayer League (LAMB Hospital)
The vision for LAMB began in the early 1950s when a missionary of the American Santal Mission in Dinajpur felt an urgent need for medical work for the hundreds of thousands who had no access to proper healthcare.
LAMB has grown considerably in its ability to serve. Now the hospital treats more than 60,000 out patients per year – nearly 200 per day; nearly 10,000 in-patients per year for surgery or medical treatment; and delivers 3,000 babies per year.
In communities around the hospital, LAMB has 28 clinics; including 132 safe delivery units, with NGO staff working in Government of Bangladesh union-level facilities (population ~35,000/union) in 4 districts. The community activities include not only health related activities, but also community development and disaster preparedness. In addition, LAMB is building capacity in local government health clinics through clinical staff training as well as facilitating community oversight and accountability.
LAMB has now extended its service into provision of high quality training for our own staff as well as government and other NGO health workers. Because of its access to community and hospital health and socio-economic data, we are increasingly called upon to assist in research programs.
LAMB now has more than 2000 staff – mostly Bangladeshi, but with approximately 25 foreign staff to bring additional expertise and training capacity.
Despite its growth, LAMB retains its original mission to serve God through serving the poor and underprivileged, particularly women and children. The blend of religions of our patients reflects fairly closely the proportions of the populations of the whole of Bangladesh.
We believe that LAMB is increasingly widely recognized for the high quality of its services for the poor, and we would welcome being considered an example.
LAMB Hospital
West Rajabashor
District Dinajpur
Antenatal corticosteroids
Essential newborn care
Every Newborn
Mortality audit
Preterm birth complications
Severe infections including pneumonia
Stillbirths
Treatment of possible severe bacterial infection (PSBI)


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CUIMC Privacy Office
December 2022 Healthcare Data Breach Report
The number of reported healthcare data breaches declined for the second successive month,
November 2022 Healthcare Data Breach Report
November was a relatively quiet month for healthcare data breaches with 31% fewer breaches reported than the previous month.
October 2022 Healthcare Data Breach Report
October was the worst month of the year to date for healthcare data breaches, with 71 breaches reported and more than 6 million records breached.
September 2022 Healthcare Data Breach Report
63 data breaches of 500 or more records were reported to the HHS' Office for Civil Rights in September, bringing an end to the downward trend in data breaches seen over the previous three months.
August 2022 Healthcare Data Breach Report
By HIPAA Journal
For the third successive month, the number of healthcare data breaches reported to the Department of Health and Human Services' Office for Civil Rights has fallen.
July 2022 Healthcare Data Breach Report
In July 2022, 66 healthcare data breaches of 500 or more records were reported to the Department of Health.
June 2022 Healthcare Data Breach Report
June 2022 saw 70 healthcare data breaches of 500 or more records reported to the Department of Health and Human Services' Office for Civil Rights (OCR).
May 2022 Healthcare Data Breach Report
May 2022 saw a 25% increase in healthcare data breaches of 500 or more records.
April 2022 Healthcare Data Breach Report
After four successive months of declining numbers of data breaches, there was a 30.2% increase in reported data breaches.
March 2022 Healthcare Data Breach Report
For the fourth successive month, the number of reported healthcare data breaches has fallen.
NewYork-Presbyterian
ColumbiaDoctors


How do you unwind with Happy Hour?
Gotta say, I really like Chili's (and I'm not generally a chain restaurant person). My boyfriend and I went there this weekend and I had a delish veggie burger and a Hefeweisen. YUM!
I don't know how to unwind, though. I need help with that.
Chili's is one of my faves!
I've not been to chili's in years!
Ooo I absolutely adore that maxi!
We have this place called Green Parrots on Paradise Island (near Atlantis). Whenever I'm stressed or need to get away, better believe that's the spot!


Why are there always technical problems in remote meetings?
Jamey: Extending empathy to other people.
Chelsea: The story of where things come from and the people they come from can make them both much more interesting and much more accessible.
Coraline: The value of history.
Sam: One of the best ways to understand a tool is to understand the context that existed before the tool existed.
The nature of a caucus penalizes people for listening.


I am in a project where I should implement CA SSO for many application. I also implementing CA Identity Suite and CA Access Gateway in the systems.
1. What is the best case for the user to access the applications?
2. Is CA can provide us a page where it shows the list of URLs of the applications that can be accessed by users via CA Access Gateway?
3. Is it good if I provide a web page to show all of the links to the users?
We are talking about centralized login page, yes that's possible. We can set the header for authenticated user. However,we cannot provide the user what are the application url's can be accessed by individual users in OOTB.
This should be controlled by application based on authenticated user's header. However, nothing is impossible if we can consider customization. This is my understanding.
thank you for the reply, I will consider the implementation.


The Pittsburgh Parking Authority (Authority) is Soliciting proposals from qualified professional firms to perform a detailed survey of two (2) existing passenger elevators to determine their overall condition and recommendations for modernization at the Mellon Square Parking Garage and as more fully described in the RFP document. Please visit the Authority's web site at www.pittsburghparking.com to view the advertisement and RFP Document. Documents will be available to view and download on the PPAP website and will also be available on May 4, 2017 at 3:00 pm at the Authority's main office located at 232 Boulevard of the Allies, Pittsburgh, PA 15222. A non-mandatory pre-proposal meeting will be held at the Authority's main office at 10:00am EST on Thursday, May 11, 2017.


Cox Interior is located at the address 274 Cahaba Valley Pkwy N in Pelham, Alabama 35124. They can be contacted via phone at (205) 444-5008 for pricing, hours and directions.
For maps and directions to Cox Interior view the map to the right. For reviews of Cox Interior see below.


Two Separate Garages and Ample Parking including Space for Caravan/Motorhome.
A three bedroom detached property holding a pleasant corner plot position within a much desired part of the Westlands. The property has a well presented modern interior to include refitted breakfast kitchen and bathroom. In recent years it also benefits from a ground floor pitched roof extension to the side and rear to provide two additional reception areas. The accommodation provides front entrance porch with inner vestibule hall and cloaks suite, 'L' shaped breakfast kitchen with appliances, spacious principal lounge 21'3" (6.47m) overall x 15' (4.57m) overall, staircase to first floor and access to additional study/studio and large 21' (6.40m) family/dining room having French door access to the rear garden. To the first floor there is a landing with feature window giving access to three good size bedrooms and four piece family bathroom. The property holds an attractive double width corner plot position and therefore provides ample parking most suitable for a caravan/motorhome and two separate garages one currently being utilised as a workshop. The rear garden boundary extends to approximately 70' (21.32m) width being attractively landscaped with lawn and patio areas. Within the garden is a well equipped timber framed summerhouse with power connected.
With brick base and uPVC double glazing to front and side aspect including double doors. Radiator and tiled floor.
Close coupled W.C., tabletop vanity basin with lever tap and storage beneath, tiled floor, towel rail, uPVC window to side aspect and ceiling downlighting.
With modern refitted range comprising one and a half bowl sink unit with mixer, work surfaces with range of cream gloss base and wall units having double door space for washing machine and dryer and double larder shelving cupboard. Integrated fridge and dishwasher. Inset four ring ceramic hob, stainless steel extractor canopy and fitted one and a half fan assisted electric oven/grill. Matching breakfast bar with radiator beneath and tiled splashback, ceiling downlighting, uPVC window to front aspect and half glazed side entrance door to PASSAGEWAY leading to GARAGE.
With modern electric pebble effect fire and surround, radiator, uPVC window to rear and further internal window into porch. DINING AREA with turned staircase off to first floor with understairs store, further radiator, half glass panelled door to office/studio and uPVC double French doors opening to family/dining room.
With fitted corner desk and wall shelving units, radiator, ceiling downlighting and skylight window.
With three radiators and ceiling downlighting. uPVC glazing to side and rear aspect and double French doors opening to rear garden.
Giving access to bedrooms and bathroom, with feature full height double glazed window to side aspect and airing cupboard housing combination gas fired boiler.
With range of bedroom furniture comprising wardrobes either side of bed recess, overhead storage cupboards, further three door wardrobe and drawer/dresser unit. Radiator and uPVC window to rear.
With range of bedroom furniture comprising wardrobes either side of bed recess with overhead storage cupboards. Radiator, loft access point and uPVC double glazed window to rear.
Full width wardrobe fitment with mirror fronted doors to one wall and separate fitted cupboard/dresser unit. Radiator and uPVC window to front.
Modern refitted four piece suite comprising panelled bath with shower mixer tap, separate corner tiled shower cubicle with mains shower, vanity wash hand basin and concealed cistern dual flush W.C. Chrome heated towel rail, part tiled walls, ceiling downlighting and uPVC window to side aspect.
Block paved driveway/parking/hardstanding for several vehicles including ample space for storage of caravan/motorhome etc. Privacy fencing with concrete post and gravel boards to front and side boundary.
With up and over door, uPVC window and personal entrance door to side, fitted base and wall storage units, light/power.
With up and over door, window and personal door to rear, light/power.
A beautifully landscaped and private rear/side garden having a 70' (21.32m) width rear boundary, with shaped lawn and wide sweeping paved patio/sitting area and planted shrubbery borders.
Timber framed with glazed entrance and windows to front and side with power, providing an ideal entertaining space.
Majority sealed unit uPVC double glazing installed.
Band 'D' amount payable £1734.66 2019/20. Newcastle under Lyme Borough Council.


An "artifact day," where archaeologists from the Burke Museum and Statistical Research Inc. (SRI) identified ancient bones, tools and other very old stuff brought in by local residents, was held at the Key Center Library on March 21. It was a big hit. About two dozen individuals brought in hundreds of individual items that were scrutinized.
SRI were the archaeologists under contract with Pierce County for the recent archaeological survey done along Filucy Bay.
The most impressive item was an ankle bone from an extinct horse that archaeologist Stephanie Jolivette described as "looking very similar to today's horses, but stockier and a bit shorter, similar to a quarter horse or a mustang." "These horses lived through the last ice age in North America and became extinct between 10,000 and 12,000 years ago for unknown reasons. They may have had difficulty adapting to the new climate, or man may have killed them off for food," she said.
Horses did not reappear in North America until brought to the Americas by the Spanish explorers after Columbus.
The horse bone was found eroding from a hillside near Dungeness by a person who now resides on the Key Peninsula.
Longbranch resident Don Tjossem brought what was identified as being "a magnetic meteorite," but needed involvement by different experts.
Will and Dee Hendrix, who live on Mayo Cove, brought a tool used by Indians for grinding grain into salmon cakes, and also brought a display case filled with about 90 of the thousands of arrow and spear tips Will's family had collected near Benton City on the Columbia River since the 1930s.
Archaeologists and geologists are sometimes referred to as "the cowboys of science." Not because of reckless actions, like Indiana Jones, but because of the large number of hours spent in the field in wilderness and desert conditions, sometimes reachable only by horseback with pack mules carrying their food, sleeping bag, camp stove, et cetera, just like a cowboy used to live.
Archaeologists work more like a police detective, investigating the few clues left to something that happened tens of thousands of years ago. They are meticulous in detail, relying upon undisturbed sites. Persons who remove artifacts without scientific investigation are known as "looters;" much knowledge can be lost.
If an object is found that may be an artifact, Burke's public outreach coordinator can be reached at (206) 221-6183 to place you in touch with an appropriate expert who can determine what you have found.
The Burke normally has an artifact day to examine items brought in by the public annually in January or February, but it has been postponed to Saturday, May 9, this year, from 1 to 3 p.m. on the UW campus. For information, visit burkemuseum.org.


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Q: Xdebug won't run on local website in NetBeans I've created a PHP project in NetBeans called TerraNubis. The project folder and source folder are located in C:\development\TerraNubis. In the Project Properties window, in the Run Configuration tab I've set the option to run the configuration as local website, the project url to http://localhost/TerraNubis/ and the index file to index.php.
I installed XAMPP (xampp-win32-7.1.11-0-VC14-installer.exe on Windows 10) and downloaded Xdebug (php_xdebug-2.5.5-7.1-vc14.dll, which is now located in C:\xampp\php\ext).
The files from the sources folder are being copied to C:\xampp\htdocs\TerraNubis. In the NetBeans Options window I've set the PHP 5 interpreter to C:\xampp\php\php.exe. In the Debugging tab, the debugger port is set to 9000, the session ID to netbeans-xdebug and the maximum data length to 2048. All the checkboxes in this tab are empty.
In my php.ini file I commented out
zend.enable_gc = On

and at the bottom of the file I added the following code:
[XDEBUG]
zend_extension = "C:\xampp\php\ext\php_xdebug-2.5.5-7.1-vc14.dll"
xdebug.idekey = netbeans-xdebug
xdebug.profiler_append = 0
xdebug.profiler_enable = 0
xdebug.profiler_enable_trigger = 0
xdebug.profiler_output_dir = "C:/xampp/tmp/xdebug"
xdebug.profiler_output_name = "cachegrind.out.%t-%s"
xdebug.remote_enable = 1
xdebug.remote_autostart = 0
xdebug.remote_connect_back = 0
xdebug.remote_host = "127.0.0.1"
xdebug.remote_port = 9000
xdebug.remote_handler = "dbgp"
xdebug.remote_mode = req
xdebug.remote_log = "C:/xampp/tmp/xdebug/xdebug_remot.log"
xdebug.show_local_vars = 9
xdebug.trace_output_dir = "C:/xampp/tmp"

In NetBeans, when I right click on the TerraNubis project in the Projects tree and click on Debug, I see at the bottom right the message: "Waiting For Connection (netbeans-xdebug)". Then nothing happens. It just keeps displaying the same message.
How can I run the Xdebug properly on a local website?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Free Car Parking For Poole Christmas Shopping…..
Free parking and the return of the popular park and ride service will make Christmas shopping even easier in Poole this festive season.
* every Sunday between 10am and 6pm from Sunday 27 November until Sunday 18 December 2016. * Thursday nights between 6pm and 9pm from Thursday 1 December until Thursday 22 December.
Alternatively, for those who want to beat the rush and miss the queues, the council's Park and Ride service will once again be running from Creekmoor.
Yellow Buses will be providing super low floor buses making it even easier for wheelchair users and parents with buggies to get onboard.
The service will leave the Creekmoor Park and Ride site every 15 minutes from 8am until 6pm on 3, 10, 17 and 24 December.
As part of a special promotion to support the Small Business Saturday initiative, Borough of Poole's Economic Development Team have funded the Park and Ride service on 3 December to encourages all shoppers to buy locally especially during the lead up to Christmas.
This year the service will also be available on Monday 26, Tuesday 27, Saturday 31 December 2016 as well as Monday 2 January 2017 thanks to additional funding from the Dolphin Shopping Centre. This will provide a perfect opportunity to grab a bargain or two in the January sales.
The short 10 minute trip to town costs just £1.50 for an adult return, and accompanied children can travel for just 50 pence return. Holders of an English National bus pass can use the service free of charge.
The service drops passengers within easy reach of the shops at the entrance to Falkland Square, where they can then board the bus back to Creekmoor every 15 minutes from 8.15am until 6.15pm.
For more information please visit www.boroughofpoole.com/christmasandnewyear.


SK-WP Series - Value Packed, Feature Packet Perfect For The Catering or Food Serivce Markets Where NMI Approved Balance is Required.
6 Models, Capacities From 1000g to 20kg - All Models are NMI Approved. Easy & Simple to Use, IP65 Rated Making the SK-WP Perfect for Use in Wet Food Service Areas.


Putting a little extra pop into the NFL collecting season, 2017 Panini Prizm Football uses a tried-and-true formula of colorful parallels, wild inserts, and rookie autographs. Averaging three signed cards per hobby box, there are also nine numbered Prizm parallels (#/275 or less) to be uncovered.
While the numbered Prizm cards per box does drop down one from the 2016 product, several new elements emerge in 2017, including debut additions to the Prizm autograph rainbow. There is also the 2017 Panini Prizm Football "1st Off the Line" box that contains a bonus Bronze Stars base rookie and autograph. This limited parallel is exclusive to the format issued directly on the Panini website. Another selling point is that the boxes arrive at least one day ahead of the official release date.
Like its predecessors, the 2017 Panini Prizm Football checklist is led by a base set filled with veterans and rookies. There is also no shortage of Prizm parallels, including Black Finite, Camo and Gold. In addition, retail collectors can find exclusive Red (Retail), Blue (Retail), Disco (Blaster) and Red/White/Blue Prizms (Fat Pack).
All utilizing the Prizm technology, the inserts are perhaps even more intriguing, with options like Illumination, NFL MVPs, Stained Glass and Super Bowl MVPs. More rare are the Black Finite and Gold Mojo Prizm parallels.
Remembering the acclaimed receiver as he nears Hall of Fame eligibility (in 2018), the Randy Moss Tribute set is only found in hobby formats. The 15-card insert includes one card for each season of his career, 14 in all, plus a signed card that has only 25 copies.
Of course, we can't forget the 2017 Panini Prizm Football autographs! Forming the majority of the signed options, the Rookie Autograph Prizm set features new Green Scope, Purple Crystal and Red Power Prizm parallels. Retail exclusives are in play here, as well, with Disco (Blaster), Red/White/Blue (Fat Pack), and Green (Retail) Prizms.
Hobby case-hit Rookie Patch Autograph cards, numbered to 99 or less, provide a rare auto relic choice in the release. These have Black Finite and Gold parallels.
2017 Panini Prizm Football is also part of the 2017 Panini Kickoff promotion that involves free packs.
Check out the current 2017 Panini Prizm Football autograph listings on eBay.
White Sparkle parallels are exclusive to Panini online packs.
PRIZM PARALLELS: Prizm, Blue, Disco, Green, Pink, Red, Red/White/Blue, Orange #/275, Light Blue #/199, Blue Wave #/149, Green Scope #/99, Purple Crystals #/75, Red Power #/49, Camo #/25, White Sparkle (20 copies or less; Online Packs), Gold #/10, Bronze Stars (6 copies; 1st Off Line), Gold Vinyl #/5, Black Finite 1/1.
100 cards. Shop Prizm NFL rookie autographs on eBay.
PRIZM PARALLELS: Disco, Green, Pink, Red/White/Blue, Blue Wave #/149 (No Bucky Hodges**), Green Scope #/99 (No Bucky Hodges**), Purple Crystals #/75 (No Bucky Hodges**), Red Power #/49, Camo #/25, Bronze Stars (20 copies or less; 1st Off Line), Gold #/10, Gold Vinyl #/5, Black Finite 1/1,White Sparkle 1/1 (Online Packs).
PRIZM PARALLELS: Red Power #/15, Gold Mojo #/10, Black Finite 1/1.
PRIZM PARALLELS: Green, Gold Mojo #/10, Black Finite 1/1.
PRIZM PARALLELS: Gold Mojo #/10, Black Finite 1/1.
PRIZM PARALLELS: Gold #/10* or #/5, Black Finite 1/1.
PRIZM PARALLELS: Pink, Prime #/25, Super Prime 1/1.
14 cards. Hobby only. Shop on eBay.
Why can't we get a checklist more than a day before release?
It has become a joke.
Corey – Actually, this is the best they have ever been in providing the checklists publicly. Almost all checklists for new releases have been released at least 1 day in advance. The same day of release times are now the exception. And i believe they only do this now due to the rise of Pick Your Team Group Breaking.
Question – if the release date is tomorrow, how in the world are all of these cards all over ebay already. Is that legal? I'd like to know just in case I want to pursue this.
Jim: New releases showing up a day or two early is not uncommon, especially for Topps. In this instance, it's because Prizm is part of the "1st Off the Line" format which means the cards arrive 24 to 48 hours before the official release and include extra Bronze Stars cards that are only found in those boxes.
Pros: Beautiful looking cards. Great set for those who like to make rainbows.
Cons: Base heavy. Very limited on variety if hits. Colored parallels being the draw to the set show a lack of creativity from the design team.
Absolute garbage. Filled with no-names and scrubs alike. All sticker autos so if you hit a fournette you will probably only get about half of the auto. Please dear god don't buy a box of this and don't buy a team with a well known rookie in a group break.
For a product that is supposed to grade well, the centering on the cards is the worst I have seen in a long time. Plus tons of scrub sticker autos and basically the same design as last year. How unoriginal!!
This is the worst 120.00 I have spent on a box. I ordered a box from panini direct and it took a week to receive my dud box. My 3 big autos were Desmond king, demarcus walker bronze, and Joshua Dobbs. The base rookies I only pulled Kareem hunt. Colored prisms were also all duds. The best card I pulled was a dark Prescott illuminator. Save your money and just buy the cards or autos you want. Panini need a to shorten the 100 card rookie auto list. Too many defensive players.
@Burned again: Where have you been for the past 10 years of the hobby? Release is the WORST time to buy any product, and the autos you got don't sound terrible. The fact they increased the Hobby hits to 3 autos from 2 from the previous years is actually a nice change. If you REALLY want to buy boxes of it, wait for a few months and they'll be at 50-60 a box, which lessens the sting of the cost a bit.
Wish I could get in more on this product, but unfortunately finances aren't allowing me to. Have a few singles I've purchased, and haven't been disappointed – was worried I wouldn't like the design compared to 14, 15, and 16 but actually do.
What happened to legends being in base set? I know there is hall of fame insert but with only 3 parallels??? so much for making rainbow sets of favorite legends like Bradshaw, Rice, Elway… etc…. whatever?!?
Got a red white blue fat pack always had liked those Parallel card ..comes w few packs and then white pack w 3 red white blue cards ..none of which are Refractors or Prizm Prizm to use correct term ..how come ?? Though that was whole reason to advertise red white blue bc they are only retail and cool looking Refractors ..been buying Prizm since 2012 football and basketball and rwb were always Refractors ..Any reason why this are just parallels ..plus every rookie in each pack was Refractor …making me think it's base set and then all 100 rookies are Refractors ??? Then got target exclusive box pink auto/ pink jersey and 3 pink parallels ..no Auto but 150 points and again every rookie was Refractor which is great looking but thinking how hard it use to be to hit Refractor rookies ..hit pink Kareem jersey ..2 other pinks vets both Refractors and one pink rookie Refractor ..ate all rookies Refractors in this product ???
Can anyone help me. How many Deshaun Watson autographed red white and blues are there total. I just saw one sell for $2k and I think that was low.
These are great cards but I have a question instead of a review. Does anyone know if some of the short prints are the same as last year's Prizms? Last year the green autos were limited to 26 copies and the pink autos were limited to 100 copies. (Last year also had flash autos limited to 14 copies and I believe red/white/blue autos limited to 11 copies) If anyone knows if the green and pink autos are limited to the same amount as last year, please let me know. I don't know if I'll be able to see a response on here so my email is grantmb17@gmail.com, if you could let me know I would greatly appreciate it! Thanks!
Bought 1 box, pulled the Leonard Fournette Finite 1/1, sold it for a grand on Ebay to a Fournette fan. Also got a redemption Disco Joe Mixon. Love it.
I bought a hobby box the other day, and pulled a Patrick Mahomes green autograph. Everywhere I have read is that these are retail exclusive? It was def a hobby box that I bought, but I am certainly not upset about it. I also pulled 3 other autos and a rewards points card out of the box too. So basically pulled 5 autos out of the box, so this was an all around great box!


text:
Manopriya Thiruvagounder
Department of Life Sciences, University of Calicut, Calicut, Kerala, India
Shaheen Khan
Institute of Cardiology, Banglore, India
Dhastagir S Sheriff
Department of Biochemistry, Al Arab Medical University, Benghazi, Libya
Home > Vol 10, No 2 (2010) >	Thiruvagounder
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) - Is it an Emerging Risk Factor for Coronary Artery Disease? : Preliminary study in a local Indian population
Manopriya Thiruvagounder, Shaheen Khan, Dhastagir S Sheriff
Objectives: The objective of this study was to identify the presence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: 149 patients were selected, who had been referred to the Institute of Cardiology, Banglore, India, between January 2007 and June 2009 and diagnosed with CAD. Four patients did not participate in the study. Venous blood samples were taken from these cases, and age-matched healthy controls who came for a master health check-up (N = 100). All were subjected to routine liver function tests including serum transaminases, enzyme immunoassays for plasminogen activator inhibitor I (PAI-I), C reactive protein (CRP), and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Using ultrasonography and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, the presence of NAFLD in CAD patients was reported. Results: CAD patients with NAFLD had significantly higher liver enzymes and marginally higher A1C levels compared to control subjects. Levels of TNF-α and PAI-I were higher in CAD patients with NAFLD compared to both female and male controls (P <0.1 and P <0.05). Levels of CRP (P <0.01 in both groups) and uric acid were increased in both group of patients (P <0.05 and P <0.01 in male and female patients, respectively). Levels of adiponectin were significantly reduced in the patients compared to the controls (P <0.05 and P <0.001) in male and female patients respectively. Conclusion: The increased serum levels of PAI-I and TNF-α reflected the proinflammatory status in these CAD patients which may be due to the presence of NAFLD. This could contribute additively to the development of cardiovascular events (CVD).
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; Adiponectin; Insulin resistance; Metabolic syndrome; Coronary artery disease.
Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 35, Postal Code 123, Al-Khod, Muscat, Oman
ISSN (Print edition): 2075-051X ISSN (Internet edition): 2075-0528
Copyright SQUMJ 2019. This journal and its content is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution No Derivatives 4.0 International license.


text:
Lojban é uma língua humana construída sintaticamente sem ambiguidades baseado na lógica de predicados, sucessor o projeto linguístico Loglan. O nome "Lojban" é uma palavra composta a partir de loj e ban, que são formas curtas das palavras logji (lógica) e bangu (língua; linguagem; idioma), respectivamente.

O desenvolvimento do idioma iniciou-se em 1987 por The Logical Language Group (LLG), cuja intenção era realizar os propósitos do idioma Loglan, bem como complementá-la ainda mais, tornando-a mais usável e disponível gratuitamente (como indicado pelo seu nome oficial completo em Inglês "Lojban: a realization of Loglan"). Depois de um período inicial de debates e testes, as bases do idioma foram finalizadas em 1997 com a publicação de The Complete Lojban Language. Numa entrevista em 2010 para o New York Times, Arika Okrent, autor de In the Land of Invented Languages, afirmou: "A língua construída com a gramática mais completa é provavelmente Lojban - uma língua criada para refletir os princípios da lógica."
As principais fontes de seu vocabulário foram as seis línguas mais faladas em 1987: Mandarim, Inglês, Hindi, Espanhol, Russo e Árabe,  escolhidas para reduzir a falta de familiaridade ou estranheza dos radicais para pessoas de diversas origens linguísticas.

História
Lojban tem um antecessor, Loglan, um idioma inventado por James Cooke Brown em 1955 e desenvolvido por The Loglan Institute. Loglan foi originalmente concebido como uma forma de analisar a influência do idioma sobre o pensamento do falante (um pressuposto conhecido como a hipótese de Sapir-Whorf).

Quando Brown começou a reivindicar os direitos autorais dos componentes do idioma, algumas restrições foram impostas sobre a atividade da comunidade. Para contornar o problema, um grupo de pessoas decidiu iniciar um projeto independente e separado, baseado no léxico da língua Loglan. Desta forma, foi reinventado todo o vocabulário, que, hoje, é todo o vocabulário e léxico atual de Lojban. Então, este grupo se estabeleceu em 1987, com a denominação The Logical Language Group, cujo sede situa-se em Washington DC. O grupo também ganhou um julgamento que permitiu chamar a versão deste novo idioma criado por eles de "Loglan".

Após a publicação de The Complete Lojban Language, esperava-se que "the documented lexicon would be baselined, and the combination of lexicon and reference grammar would be frozen for a minimum of 5 years while language usage grew." Como previsto, este período expirou em 2002. Os falantes de Lojban agora estão livres para construir novas palavras e expressões idiomáticas, e decidir onde a língua está se dirigindo.

Lojban ainda compartilha muitas das características de Loglan:
 Lojban e Loglan possuem uma gramática baseada na lógica de predicados, projetado para expressar construções lógicas complexas com precisão.
 Ambos não possuem irregularidades ou ambiguidades ortográficas e gramaticais (embora derivativos dependem de formas variantes arbitrárias). Isto dá origem a alta inteligibilidade para análise sintática computacional.
 Ambos são projetados para ser o mais culturalmente neutro possível.
 Ambos permitem o aprendizado e uso bem sistemático, em comparação com a maioria das linguagens naturais.
 Possuem um complexo sistema de indicadores que permite comunicar eficazmente atitudes contextuais ou emoções.
 Não possuem a simplicidade como um critério de projeto.

Desenvolvimento literário e vocabulário
Lojban pode ser um excelente instrumento intelectual para a criação literária e é considerada como uma língua de muitos aspectos potenciais a ser descoberto ou explorado.

Como a maioria das línguas com poucos falantes, Lojban carece muito de uma literatura e suas extensões criativas não foram plenamente realizados (o verdadeiro potencial do seu sistema de atitudes, por exemplo, é considerado improvável de ser retirado "until and unless we have children raised entirely in a multi-cultural Lojban-speaking environment"). Fontes coletivas ou enciclopédicas, como a Wikipedia da língua Lojban, que pode ajudar a expandir o horizonte lexical da língua, não são muito desenvolvidas também.

A literatura e escritos em Lojban acessíveis, atualmente, estão principalmente concentrados no website Lojban.org, embora existam também sites jornalísticos e blogs em Lojban. Lojban IRC (ou seus arquivos) também possui um conjunto de expressões em Lojban, mas sua correção gramatical nem sempre é garantido.

Fonologia

Lojban possui seis vogais, /a e i o u ə/, sendo representadas na ortografia latina por «a e i o u y», respectivamente.

/i/ e /u/ podem funcionar como semivogais.

As consoantes são as seguintes:

As consoantes /ʔ ʃ ʒ h/ são representadas por «. c j '». O resto é o mesmo que AFI.

 Goertzel, Ben: Potential Computational Linguistics Resources for Lojban. Self-published, March 6, 2005.
 Speer, Rob; Havasi, Catherine: Meeting the Computer Halfway: Language Processing in the Artificial Language Lojban. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004.
 Lojban vs Loglan comparison

Ligações externas

 Lojban.org
 Learning materials

Línguas isoladas
Vocabulário
Línguas artificiais
Introduções em 1987

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
West Side HQ earns LEED plaudits
Home » Vital Signs: Partnerships create thriving sector for biomedical research
Education and Health Care
Vital Signs: Partnerships create thriving sector for biomedical research
| By David Van Andel |
TAGS biomedical research / Van Andel Institute
Vital Signs: How translational medicine hastens the pace of discovery
Collaboration is a biomedical research imperative
Grand Rapids is a thriving city filled with small businesses, entrepreneurs, world-class educational institutions and a vibrant biomedical research community.
In many ways, our city is a success story — we regularly top a variety of ratings, from being named one of the top 25 Best Performing Cities to taking the title for Best Beer Town. This success is no accident; it's the result of a community vision for growth and a commitment to collaborate across sectors to revitalize West Michigan.
It's gratifying to see how the landscape has changed over the past 20 years. When Van Andel Institute was founded in 1996, the infrastructure to support innovative biomedical research wasn't in place. There was a sense, however, that if the VAI was built and we brought along the right people, we could build a biomedical research community that could reinvigorate the city and usher in a new era of advancements in human health.
Today, the institute sits atop the hill on Michigan Avenue at the center of a dynamic human health corridor known as the Medical Mile. The Medical Mile is the site of world-class clinical care, biomedical research and powerful collaborative partnerships between multiple organizations — it is also a source of economic growth and vitality for the city on the Grand.
As we celebrate the new dawn of 2016 and embrace the potential and energy of a New Year, I would like to share some of Van Andel Institute's strategic partnerships that continue to shape our city's biomedical research efforts and enhance West Michigan's potential for impact. Our approach is two-fold: We will continue to deepen our collaborations with valued partners in health care and higher education here in Grand Rapids, while also expanding national and international relationships that ultimately will benefit our community.
In the coming years, you will hear more about an exciting field of research called epigenetics — the study of how the information in DNA is used and how modifications of DNA influence which genes are turned on or off in a cell. In the world of technology, DNA can be likened to the hardware in a computer while epigenetics functions as the software that tells the hardware what to do. Epigenetic changes can sometimes result in cancer or other diseases — but these changes can also be altered with epigenetic therapies.
The Van Andel Research Institute Stand Up To Cancer — VARI-SU2C — Epigenetics Dream Team holds great promise for the future. The team, led by VARI's research director, Dr. Peter Jones, and Dr. Stephen Baylin, who holds a joint appointment at VARI and Johns Hopkins University, focuses on moving promising epigenetic therapies for cancer into clinical trials. This partnership ushers in a new era in epigenetic cancer research for the institute and helps further establish Grand Rapids as a worldwide hub for epigenetics research.
Parkinson's disease also is an important area of focus for the institute. In order to accelerate the pace of discovery, the institute has developed partnerships with international organizations focused on a variety of Parkinson's disease issues. One such partnership is with the Cure Parkinson's Trust, a United Kingdom-based nonprofit that empowers people with Parkinson's to advocate for increasing the effectiveness of clinical trials. The trust worked directly with the institute to host Rallying to the Challenge, an event held in parallel with the Grand Challenges in Parkinson's Disease symposium in 2014 and 2015.
Grand Challenges is one of the largest Parkinson's-focused scientific events in Michigan, and it provides a unique opportunity for scientists, clinicians, patients and caregivers to learn from one another and share information. Rallying to the Challenge is a patient-focused event that empowers people with Parkinson's and caregivers to play an active role in the future of Parkinson's research and the efficiency of the clinical trial process.
When the king and queen of the Netherlands visited Grand Rapids last summer, it generated quite a bit of buzz for the city. In conjunction with the royal visit, the VAI announced it was pursuing a collaboration with Netherlands-based ParkinsonNet, which will give people with Parkinson's in West Michigan a powerful new resource.
ParkinsonNet connects more than 3,000 medical and care professionals to people with Parkinson's across the Netherlands, via the Internet or in person, making it easier for patients to get the expert care they need. Bringing this unique organization to Michigan means people with Parkinson's in communities without large medical centers will have a better opportunity to connect with neurologists and specialists throughout the state.
As Grand Rapids continues to develop the Medical Mile, welcoming new biomedical research initiatives and clinical facilities, Van Andel Institute will continue to embrace and nurture the spirit of collaboration. Indeed, it is the only way forward. The future of human health does not rest with a singular entity; it depends on the nimble partnerships of many, bound by a shared responsibility and unified sense of purpose.
David Van Andel is president and CEO of Van Andel Institute.
David Van Andel
Recent Articles by David Van Andel
Project-based learning is the future of education
Research leads to growing hope for Parkinson's disease
Investing in the scientific visionaries of tomorrow


text:
Elaine Jordan (1)
Philip Purser (1)
Richard Eyre (1)
Anita Brookner (1)
Christa Wolf (1)
David Wheldon (1)
James Kelman (1)
Jan van Heurck (1)
Maggie Ross (1)
Malcolm Bradbury (1)
Paul Ferris (1)
Tony Richardson (1)
Huw should be so lucky
Philip Purser, 16 August 1990
Sir Huge: The Life of Huw Wheldon
by Paul Ferris.
Joseph, 307 pp., £18.99, June 1990, 0 7181 3464 8Show More
"... Early in Huw Wheldon's television career, when the programme with which he made his name, Monitor, was about a year old, he had to deal with a minor ethical point. He had flown to Switzerland with a film unit to interview Georges Simenon, still in his prime and turning out five or six novels a year. Wheldon was fascinated by Simenon's method of work: the preliminaries of choosing names and backgrounds for his characters, undergoing a medical check, setting Mme Simenon to clean dozens of pipes, sharpening eighty pencils and then immuring himself in a turret room for exactly eleven days, at the end of which he emerged wearing the same shirt as when he went in but bearing a finished manuscript ..."
Elaine Jordan, 21 April 1983
The Viaduct
by David Wheldon.
Bodley Head, 176 pp., £5.95, March 1983, 0 370 30519 1Show More
by Malcolm Bradbury.
Secker, 310 pp., £7.95, April 1983, 0 436 06505 3Show More
by Maggie Ross.
Collins, 280 pp., £8.95, April 1983, 0 00 222602 2Show More
No Place on Earth
by Christa Wolf, translated by Jan van Heurck.
Virago, 110 pp., £6.95, March 1983, 9780860683636Show More
by Anita Brookner.
Cape, 192 pp., £7.50, March 1983, 0 224 02055 2Show More
Not Not While the Giro and Other Stories
by James Kelman.
Polygon, 207 pp., £3.95, March 1983, 9780904919653Show More
"... The 19th-century novel was the great forum for writing about life – from sanitation to the condition of women, from politics to love. All the novels reviewed here are very much of the 20th century: whatever else they are concerned with, they are always about writing itself, that curious, aberrant occupation which the writer above all needs to explain to himself ..."
The Court
Richard Eyre, 23 September 1993
The Long Distance Runner
by Tony Richardson.
Faber, 277 pp., £17.50, September 1993, 0 571 16852 3Show More
"... When we were in the World Cup Final ...' 'When we had Huw Wheldon at the BBC ...' 'When we were first married ...' David Hare calls the curators of these arcadias the 'whenwes'. They guard their territory with a dogged devotion. Although the theatre is a medium that exists entirely in the present tense, it is not immune to the arcadian virus: 'the National Theatre at the Old Vic' and 'Joan Littlewood at Stratford East' are robust strains, and in the case of Joan Littlewood I believe that there was a 'genius', an innocent virtue, that can never be replicated ..."


text:
Q: Error parsing the json representation Can not deserialize instance of out of START_ARRAY token I'm trying to map a JSON string to a java object and keep getting this error:
Error parsing the json representation Can not deserialize instance of com.mypackage.MyType out of START_ARRAY token at [Source: java.io.StringReader@3d9b7aeb; line: 1, column: 1]

I'm pretty sure this is a JSON syntax problem but nothing I try works. This is the Java code (I'm omitting the Exception handling for simplicity):
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
BackupResource backup = mapper.readValue(json.toString(), BackupResource.class);

Here is my JSON string:
{
    "resources" : [ "resource1" , "resource2" ],
    "files" : [ "file1" , "file2" ],
    "htmls" : [ "html1" , "html2" ]
}

I tried adding [ and ] around this string, and several other options suggested around here but nothing works. Can anyone help with the correct syntax?
EDIT: the Java class I need to map the JSON to:
 public class BackupResources {
    private List resources;
    private List files;
    private List htmls;

    public SystemBackupResources() {
    }

    // getters / setters....
}

EDIT 2: I had a mismatch between fields in the class and parts of the json. The java filed name was htmlFiles but the json was htmlfiles (no cap.) This is a string that works:
"{\"services\" : [ \"service1\" , \"service2\" ],   \"oFiles\" : [ \"ofile1\" , \"ofile2\" ], \"htmlFiles\" : [ \"htmlfile1\" , \"htmlfile2\" ] }"

but this doesn't:
{
    "services" : [ "service1" , "service2" ],
    "oFiles" : [ "ofile1" , "ofile2" ],
    "htmlFiles" : [ "htmlfile1" , "htmlfile2" ]
}

Anyone sees the difference?


I was searching for a Property and found this listing (MLS® #1903869). Please send me more information regarding 1313 Ferney Dr., Conway, SC, 29526. Thank you!
I'd like to request a showing of 1313 Ferney Dr., Conway, SC, 29526 (MLS® #1903869). Thank you!


During our seminars we visit the holographic matrix that surrounds the Earth and enter it to visit other timelines. This is a process that was revealed to Joan by our E.T. friends and it has been extremely useful for moving into the 5th dimension. It is a spiritual, practical proven effective experience, in which we use our personal wisdom and the natural energies of the Earth and the hyperdimensional portal at the Ranch to access this quantum space.
We exist in many timelines and we can enter a timeline in our own future to see what is unfolding for us. We enter an accelerated time where our 'futures' are already being created. This innovative and successful work relates to current science about Parallel Universes, parallel worlds and our own parallel realities. I encourage you to study the fascinating work of physicists Max Tegmark, Hugh Everett III and Michio Kaku specializing in these subjects.
In 1989 the dolphins told me we can Re-Create our past. We can change it and make it better if we want to. I didn't understand back then how to do that, but I knew they were telling me the truth. They always speak to us with honesty and integrity. But how can we re-write something that has already gone by, something that is part of our history? Now, 20 years later, I understand what they mean and how to do it. It is very exciting. It is also simple and lots of fun!!


text:
Q: Why can I not save currentTime() to a variable? I try to automatically get the currentTime()on button click, but the issue I have at the moment is that I cannot access player when the button "create" is clicked. It returns undefinied
How can I get access to player.currentTime() when create is clicked?
var player;

$('.start').on('click', function (event) {
    initializePlayer("test.mp4");
    $('.create').show();
});

$('.create').on('click', function (event) {
    var start = player.currentTime();
    // start is always undefined
    console.log("start is ".start);

    startConverting(start);
});

function startConverting(start) {
    // converting
}

function initializePlayer(src) {
    player = videojs('media', {
        fluid: true,
        controls: true,
    });

    player.src({
        type: "video/mp4",
        src: src,
    });
}

I have been looking at this for a long time and can't see where my problem is. Any help would be great!
Thanks!
Edit:
I realized that if I console.log(player.currentTime()) it would output the time. Now, why can I not pass the value to var start and it is being undefined?


The Hong Kong Translation Society (HKTS) exists since 1971 and is a non-profit professional organization that aims to enhance the standard and professionalism of translation, both oral and written, in Hong Kong.
On the grounds of education promotion – the Hong Kong Translation Society is an academic society; therefore, it does not refer members or potential persons for commercial translation undertakings –, this translators association became a registered charitable organization with the Hong Kong Government in 1991, the year of its 20th anniversary.
It is wholly committed to its continual contribution to the cause of translation in Hong Kong, where high-level translators and interpreters continue to be in great demand. They have to if Hong Kong is to remain an effective bridge between China and the rest of the world and continue to play a major role in the international world of business and communication, as well as occupying a key position in South-East Asia.
For instance, to facilitate their work, the Society enjoys a tax exempt status granted by the Inland Revenue Department of Hong Kong under section 88 of the Inland Revenue Ordinance.
To provide opportunities for sharing and exchange, this translators association promotes talks and seminars on translation and language related themes and publishes regularly a bulletin, a refereed journal and a members' directory.
The Hong Kong Translation Society also sponsors scholarships – these were established in 1991 – as a way to recognize academic achievements of translation students and promote translation as a discipline in recognized local tertiary institutions.
The Society maintains close ties with both local and international translation bodies, attempting to promote academic and professional exchange between Hong Kong and other parts of the world.
This translation association is a member association of the Translators Association of China since 1986 and of the International Federation of Translators since 1988.
Fees go between HK$300.00 per year, for a student members, and HK$5,000.00 for life members (one-off payment). A part from these categories, there's the ordinary, the associate and the corresponding membership. There's also the fellows and the honorary fellows, but these are non-paying members. Check out the requirements for all of these categories on HHTS's website.
Keep in mind that over 1 billion people speak Mandarin.
Read other news about translators associations in Asia Pacific.


A recent lawsuit by Montclair State University against Oracle highlights a major issue for users considering Oracle and cloud computing. What is it?
Montclair State University's recent lawsuit against Oracle highlights one of the major fears for potential Oracle cloud computing users -- that of data security and liability.
Montclair State is suing Oracle for mismanagement of a failed multimillion-dollar PeopleSoft ERP implementation. One of the New Jersey college's claims is that Oracle hedged on providing a hosted data center environment in which Montclair could convert its financial data to ready it for PeopleSoft applications. According to Montclair, Oracle wanted the university to sign an amendment that would excuse Oracle from legal liability if Oracle wasn't able to keep Montclair's financial data confidential.
Montclair's claims and concerns are common. Among Oracle users, cloud computing has not yet taken a strong foothold. According to a SearchOracle.com survey last year of almost 450 Oracle professionals, two-thirds said they weren't using the cloud and had no plans to deploy there. A separate survey by hosting provider Savvis last year found that 52% of respondents who didn't use the cloud cited data security as the main reason.
A customer wanting its cloud computing vendor to provide security is also not unusual. According to the same Savvis survey, 73% wanted cloud providers to fully manage data security while also allowing configuration change requests from the client.
Frank Ridder, a research vice president at Gartner, said that data losses and liabilities are always discussed in an outsourcing relationship. Though Ridder did not want to speak specifically about the Oracle cloud computing issue in the lawsuit, he did say that if the vendor causes the data loss, it is usually liable. Sometimes liability is capped. But Oracle is not unusual in trying to absolve itself of blame for data loss.
Jay Heiser, another research vice president at Gartner, said many potential customers have cloud computing concerns because vendor agreements are not yet transparent enough to be properly evaluated. Combine that with questionable data security, and many customers are still hesitant to jump into cloud computing.
That could be changing. According to a report in October from Forrester principal analyst Jonathan Penn, in the next five years cloud security will "shift from being an inhibitor to an enabler of cloud services adoption." Why? Simply because cloud computing vendors realize that security is a big hurdle to adoption right now. Penn pointed to the Cloud Security Alliance, a group that includes cloud vendors and customers, which is working to develop cloud security standards that all cloud vendors could adopt.
"As cloud providers continue to build security into their platforms, organizations adopting cloud will gravitate toward them for solutions," Penn wrote.