text:
The Thoroughly Modern Ruthie
Ruth Wolfgram,
My grandma, Ruth Harris, was born in 1903. She used to tell a story that happened in the 1920s, as follows:
It was the custom for unmarried young ladies to have long hair, which was always worn down. After marriage, they would pin it up in a more matronly top twist deemed appropriate to a married woman.
In 1922, when my grandmother was 19, she worked up enough courage to ask her father if she could get a haircut that was becoming popular at that time called "the bob." (Her mother had passed away when she was a baby.) He was a well-to-do businessman in the small northern Michigan town of Benzonia. He was horrified at her request and sternly denied it.
Grandma had inherited many fine china and silver items from her mother, which were safely tucked away in her hope chest. She courageously defied her father's edict and sold a china pitcher for haircut money.
After she left the hairdresser, she proudly walked home and waited for her father to arrive home for supper. She became nervous to the point of her hands sweating. As was customary, the door opened at 5:15 p.m., but instead of greeting him as usual, she remained in her room trembling with fear. Dinner was called and she was terrified to go to the table.
Finally, she went to the dining room and sat at her place. Great Grandfather stared at her in horror! She cried and was soundly reprimanded, and her punishment was severe indeed. She wasn't allowed to sit at the table when her father was present for a month. But she didn't care because she was one of the first to get a bob in her neighborhood and was the talk of the town!
You could say that she was thoroughly modern.
Our guest author is enjoying retirement, especially time with her grandchildren, in Northwest Michigan, where she was born and raised.


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text:
Home Cannabis News
Marijuana Activist From NY Arrested in California
Marijuana activist Dana Beal has been jailed in California over marijuana charges.
Dana Beal has a long history of marijuana activism. And unfortunately for him, he has now been incarcerated more than once over his activities.
Beal was arrested on Saturday night in a rural part of northern California approximately 100 miles south of the Oregon border, according to the New York Daily News.
Beal has been living in New York since being released from prison in 2014 after being convicted of transporting over 100 lbs of marijuana across the Nebraska state line in 2009, and over the Wisconsin border in 2011.
His friends are concerned about his health. Beal suffered a near-fatal heart attack while under police custody in 2011.
"He's a cardiac patient, and interrupting his medicine could make him very, very sick. I'm afraid for his health," friend and fellow New York activist Aton Edwards said.
Edwards referred to Beal as an "American Hero," for his activist work on behalf of sick patients.
"He's selfless. He still wears boots he's had for 40 years. He's a monk, he just doesn't have a robe," Edwards added.
Beal is a long time member of the activist group Youth International Party (YIP). Members of the group refer to each other as "Yippies." Fellow Yippie, Aron Kay, echoed concerns over Beal's health.
"He needs to get out. When he had his heart attack in the slammer, he almost died," Kay said.
"I hope he gets a bail reduction to take care of his legal situation properly. You can't do too much inside," he said.
Beal is due for her first court appearance on Tuesday according to a spokesperson for the Trinity County District Attorney.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


If you are a writer, the first thing you have to accept is that it happens to everyone—the moments when we stare blankly at empty word documents, the times when our heads are filled with clouds instead of ideas. These times cause us to wonder if we're cutout to be writers. In the heat of all our writing classes, we learn how to write better stories, but how we should approach the writing process often goes unspoken.
However, this semester my three courses with Professor Peter Telep (Advanced Fiction and Script Writing, along with Writing for Video Games) has taught me that bettering ourselves as writers is much more important than bettering the stories we write. Professor Telep, writer of over 50 books and multiple television scripts and a UCF professor of 17 years, agreed to share his experiences with learning how to get past some of the most crippling writing pitfalls—motivation, time management, and the unforgiving abyss of a creative rut.
But, having the motivation and the confidence in your story is only half of the game. The other half is finding the time to write. We are college students. We have classes to take, homework to do, jobs to work and sleep to get. Some days 24 hours doesn't feel like enough. On top of that, our schedules seem to always be changing, and it's difficult to stick to a concrete writing schedule.
To help stay in the groove of your schedule, Professor Telep mentions giving yourself routine "enablers" that help you slip into a writing-mode. This can be anything, and it's just something you do when you start writing or while you're writing. For me, I like to drink chai tea. "For [Professor Telep], it's coffee, peanut butter, and a quiet setting." This quiet setting is a very integral part of getting into your writing and staying immersed, so try and avoid distractions and surround yourself with only your writing enablers.
Once you've mastered time management and self-discipline, you may eventually reach a point where you fall into a rut writing the same genre over and over again. You might find it hard to come up with new ideas because you feel like you've explored so much in your genre already. Professor Telep stated, "I've written so many action-adventure stories, and I wonder how many times I can re-write action scenes about bullets flying. Sometimes I think, maybe I just need to write a story about two guys fishing." Exploring different genres can really help you rekindle that spark you had when writing was new and fresh and exciting. Going beyond different story themes and practicing with a variety of mediums can really help enhance your writing overall. If you're a fiction writer, poetry can help you create concrete imagery. Non-fiction can be useful for helping you capture human emotion. Script writing is good for learning how to tighten your language and rid yourself of the passive voice.
As a student in this class, one of the biggest lessons that I've taken away is think about your audience and the many different ways the can interpret scenes and plot elements. And the story bibles that we write for our games really teach you how to make organizing and outlining the details of your story a lot more fun.
Out of all of Professor Telep's advice, the most important message is that we have to make writing enjoyable. We have to allow ourselves to relax and not let this work feel like work. This profession calls for us to really enjoy what we do, really have fun with what we do, and not let all of the other stuff bog us down. Rejection and acceptance and publication will come and go, but the experience of writing a story or a poem or a screen play—that's eternal. As a writer, loving what you do is essential because negativity affects your work and your morale.


click here to read some comics!
Torzewo is a poor Russian immigrant who works at JP Industries, where he screws the caps on the salt shakers for very little pay. His boss Mr. Pensecola is also his best friend. He is secretly in love with Sylvia Leone, the vivacious young secretary at JP Industries, as well as numerous female celebrities which he frequently mentions. Torzewo is easily recognized by his black ushanka hat with a star on it. His pet monkey does a swell Mario Lanza impersonation, and Torzewo himself is quite adept at playing the balalaika. He is also rumoured to be an illegitimate son of former Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbechev.
Mr. Joe Pensecola is the owner and operator of JP Industries. He is overweight, chain smokes, and is usually in a bad mood. He hates politicians, lawyers, Godzilla movies, Russians, the government, funny business, and basically anything other than himself. His only friend is Torzewo, but he doesn't really care too much for him either. Mr. Pensecola (or "J.P.", as he is also known) enjoys the game of golf, but doesn't usually have much luck with it. He is also somehow fluent in Norwegian and Dutch.
Sylvia Leone is the secretary at JP Industries, and a real "go-getter". She is almost never seen without a smile on her face, and she is also almost completely oblivious to the fact that everyone is secretly in love with her. She is an only child, originally from New Hampshire. Her fifteen minutes of fame came when she posed for Bikini Summer 2002. She is no relation to Sergio Leone, no matter what she tells you.
Torzewo's Family: Torzewo's extended family includes some quite odd characters. His rich Uncle Borscht (on his father's side) often sends him rubles, which he cannot spend in America; his cousin Ladislav, who hails from Canada, is rumoured to have connections with famed teen pop sensation Avril Lavigne; and his half-brother Crawdad Vodka boasts the odd heritage of Cajun-Russian. On Torzewo's occasional trips home to the Motherland, we often see many people who bear a striking resemblance to Torzewo. Yes, these are all relatives.
Singing Monkey: Torzewo went through a few pets before he finally found his pet monkey. He somehow trained it to sing, but the monkey (who has no name) chose his own numbers which he would sing. His favourite piece to sing is "La Donne E Mobile".
Red Angel is the main character in Torzewo's favourite television show. She is played by Jessika Albanov.
Before starring in his own comic strip, Torzewo appeared in the short cartoon "Moskau Dance-Off".


text:
Introducing the Toontown Preservation Project
Posted by The Toontown Team on June 2, 2021 at 2:00 PM
Get out the TNT-filled party poppers! Grab a slice of Birthday Cake! It's Toontown's 18th Birthday, and we have big things in store for today's celebration. As of today, we're officially launching the largest archive of never-before-seen Toontown Online history to date: The Toontown Preservation Project!
I'm Brad from the Toontown Team, and I'm one of the curators of this new project. My official jobs for Toontown may be Creative Writer and Social Media Specialist, but I tend to end up working on a whole mess of other things too. Today, I'm here talk about what the Toontown Preservation Project is, and how you can help us with our efforts to keep every bit of Toontown alive!
In case it's not obvious -- Toontown Online is very important to me. This game introduced me to some of my greatest friends, and helped me through the toughest of times in my life. To say that this game helped shaped who I am as a person would be an understatement. Thus, I didn't hesitate for a moment to be a part of this special project to give back to the Toontown community in the same way it's given back to me.
We never want the memory of Toontown Online to fade away, which is a large part of our goal of running Toontown Rewritten. The in-game portions of Toontown Online are just one piece of this, though -- Toontown stretches far beyond the reaches of our screens, and we wanted to find a way to preserve every single piece of it forever, for free.
To that end, we've spent a long time figuring out the best way to put together a mini-site to preserve all of the bits of Toontown Online that we can't preserve with Toontown Rewritten alone. Without further ado, I present to you The Toontown Preservation Project!
What is the Toontown Preservation project?
Right! That's probably an important thing to tell you. The Toontown Preservation Project is a mini-site dedicated to archiving the history of all things Toontown Online that can't be achieved with Toontown Rewritten alone. On the website, you'll find a digital museum of Toontown's development history, promotional material, and more.
For most folks, you'll be most interested in just browsing the digital museum to see all of the neat things we have on display. If that's the case, simply go to toontown.online and browse away!
If you're interested in the archival process, or even have some Toontown history of your own that you'd like to contribute, keep reading onward for details.
Where did all of this come from?
All over the place! Many Toontown Team members have spent years digging up pieces of Toontown Online history to assist us with developing new content for Toontown Rewritten, and we've even had a few former Toontown Online developers send us donations of things they've kept around over the years.
For all of the physical material that we've collected, we pooled together funds to have everything professionally scanned by an archival service. This took a lot of time and money -- not to mention the effort to categorize it all afterwards -- but we wanted to make sure that this was all done properly before putting it out on the internet forever.
This museum isn't anywhere close to being complete, however. We're still digging around for artifacts of Toontown's history. Hopefully, we'll have even more content added in the future by Toons like YOU!
I'm glad you asked! If you have official Toontown Online material that we haven't yet preserved, we would love to hear from you so that we can put it on display for the whole Toontown community!
The easiest way to contribute is by emailing us at [email protected]. In your email, we just ask that you provide three things for us:
Where your contribution came from
A high quality photo or scan of your contribution
How you'd like to be attributed on the Preservation Project website
Once everything is in order and we have a chance to review your submission, we'll host your contributions as soon as possible! Due to high volume, as well our limited volunteer hours that must be shared with other Toontown Rewritten projects, it may take several weeks for your submission to be posted.
Where can I view all of this?
Take a portable hole over to toontown.online! This serves as our separate mini-site that we'll be hosting for free as a community resource. Once there, be sure to read some of the Toon Tips on our home page to most easily browse the site.
With that, we hope that you enjoy everything that we've collected in the Toontown Preservation Project! Of course, we hope that this archive will keep growing with your help. Check back often to see what's new, and let us know about your favorite things on display in the comments.
Happy Birthday, Toontown!
Sorry! Comments are closed.
Goat Slice said on June 2, 2021 at 2:05 PM
This is just an incredible, fantastic resource! I'm so happy to dive into it as someone who LOVES the art & development of this game while also loving to draw in its style.
Comet Nuttertail said on June 2, 2021 at 2:05 PM
Glad to see the traditional ToonTown being held up.
Lucky Biscuit said on June 2, 2021 at 2:12 PM
This is TOONTASTIC!! Thank you so much to everyone who was involved in setting this up!
nice bear said on June 2, 2021 at 2:25 PM
Happy anniversary Toontown!
Olivia Jellybrains said on June 2, 2021 at 2:57 PM
This is such an incredible resource for the community as it allows fans to get a more in-depth look at what's next with the game as a whole!
Happy 18th birthday Toontown! i think Its time we got a surprising update. thank you for this project.
C0MPU73R said on June 2, 2021 at 3:51 PM
Thank you so much for this!
Barget Wondersnout said on June 2, 2021 at 5:30 PM
Happy birthday, Toontown! Thanks for all the fun stuff you guys do!
Chef Chip said on June 2, 2021 at 6:31 PM
After reading through the enitrety of "Toontown Online Design Document" (being made back in 2000!) I can say this game has gone through a LOT! Thank you Toontown Rewritten team for sharing these with us and continuing to keep the game alive to this day, and happy birthday Toontown!
Barney Wondersnout said on June 2, 2021 at 7:10 PM
WOAH!! This is TOONTASTIC!! And Toontown is an adult now! This project is amazing and I can't wait to spend time looking at it! I am so grateful to the TTR Team and those who contributed!
Strato said on June 2, 2021 at 8:24 PM
Thank you for this wonderful resource! For the community to be able to view an accessible archive of old concepts, design documents and the game's history in general is amazing and something i am so grateful for. Happy birthday Toontown!
Queen lore said on June 2, 2021 at 9:17 PM
happy bday
General Pawtton said on June 2, 2021 at 11:17 PM
Happy 18th birthday, Toontown! Wow! The amount of hard work and dedication the TTR team has to preserving and keeping the Toontown spirit alive is astonishing! I'll be checking it out right now! My undying respect goes to you, TTR, simply wonderful...
Zinc said on June 3, 2021 at 2:32 AM
happy birthday toontown!!
Curly said on June 3, 2021 at 3:07 AM
Toti said on June 3, 2021 at 8:23 AM
You got me nostalgic ...
Ginger Sparklesticks said on June 3, 2021 at 10:47 AM
This is Toontastic! What a great way to celebrate Toontown's birthday :D Thank you to the TTR team and all of its partners for all you do for this game we love <3 Happy birthday Toontown, and many more!!
Little Goose Coupe said on June 3, 2021 at 1:39 PM
I have a ton of news letters in storage, I use to have 4 memberships so I'd get 4 copies of news letters which at the time I found to be useless so I kept them sealed. I won't have access to this stuff for another few months due to life stuff but as soon as I can, I'll sort through it & see if I have extra copies of things you don't already have. I also have a bunch of Toontown screenshots from 2004/2005 if you want some sent over that are obviously dated like orange name tags & gag pages pre-level 7s.
Khavari said on June 3, 2021 at 2:58 PM
Hey this is awesome do you have to have any special abilities to join?
Bananasnooker said on June 3, 2021 at 3:29 PM
Cool! I can't wait to see your new site! Happy 18th birthday Toontown! Keep up the great work!
Mario And Sonic Fan said on June 4, 2021 at 2:58 AM
This is one of the coolest things to come out in 2021, an online museum where everyone can look at the history of Toontown's creation and submit any findings to contribute to the search!
robin said on June 4, 2021 at 10:50 AM
Amazing! Happy birthday, Toontown! I've often considered applying for a job for TTR, as it's been a part of my life since I was 5 years old. I can credit my reading skills to your wonderful game, actually! This project serves to show how dedicated the team is to keep it as beautiful as ever.
kitten said on June 4, 2021 at 1:09 PM
HAPPY BIRTHDAY TOONTOWN!!!!! so happy you were created :) made my whole childhood
Oswald ThunderBounce said on June 4, 2021 at 1:52 PM
This Toontown project is the best I love toontown and I love the artwork they do.
Toon said on June 4, 2021 at 5:50 PM
Nice! Preservation is a serious must to everyone who yearned to keep playing Toontown and keep working on it beyond years to come, and this project will surely help out. Let's hope we get to see plenty of all the work went into creating Toontown, including storyboards that helped shaped a lotta things here. Also, Happy 18th birthday, Toontown!
Mister Hazel said on June 4, 2021 at 6:27 PM
Thank you guys so much for releasin' this! I was always into Toontown's history and seeing so much of it being released, is makin' me so happy! I will always be keepin' an eye out for future additions for the Preservation Project from here on out! Also, only two more years until Toontown turns 20!
Little Purplecorn Orca said on June 5, 2021 at 12:19 AM
Baron said on June 5, 2021 at 9:33 AM
This is awesome! It's so cool to see the effort, planning, and ideas that went into Toontown's creation! I love all the artwork.
Connor said on June 5, 2021 at 2:15 PM
Okay but these archived clothes NEED to come back to TTR! PLEASE!!!! They're so iconic.
super dynamite lemontail said on June 6, 2021 at 11:44 AM
Let's flicker back to the nostalgic development, there we're going to be lawbot field offices along with cashbot, what about bossbot? the original names of field offices we're cog domiums. The team gathers ideas and use the unused ideas into their game to make it nostalgic! I am hyped about the field office update and I cannot wait to see field office beta ideas! I'm glad the toontown community is still alive to this very day!
Princess Melody Purplejinks said on June 7, 2021 at 10:46 AM
Wow! This is really cool! Toontastic! Happy anniversary Toontown! May silliness continue for years to come!
Hush said on June 7, 2021 at 5:28 PM
Dang, I'm so glad we finally found out the origins behind funny farm. I can't believe it wasn't supposed to be a playground but a place the toons go when they're sad, it makes so much sense considering it's all black and white. I wish they would kept it in but made it easier to get out
Bean Stalk said on June 7, 2021 at 7:15 PM
i love toontown
Fat Tweedlecrunch said on June 7, 2021 at 9:35 PM
Will forever LOVE TNT!! <3 (: Happy Happy Birthday dear friend!!
Kira said on June 8, 2021 at 12:46 PM
This is so nice and lovely!! Happy Birthday to Toontown!! ^^
Buttercream said on June 8, 2021 at 12:49 PM
It's Shades On for the Silly Summer Update!
The Sun - June 27, 2021 at 3:15 PM
Stay Up All Night at your Toon Estate!
The Moon - June 26, 2021 at 2:00 PM
Partner Spotlight: ATTA
The Toontown Team - June 13, 2021 at 2:00 PM
The Toontown Team - June 2, 2021 at 2:00 PM
The Mr. Hollywoods Are Fighting Back
The Mr. Hollywoods - May 25, 2021 at 2:00 PM


The use of parenting coordinators is something our office is seeing more and more in domestic relations cases in the Indianapolis area. Like mediation or collaborative law, there is a demand for alternative means of resolving domestic relations cases outside of court. Where appropriate, I believe that Parenting Coordinators can be very beneficial to parents who have high conflict on routine issues. These are issues that that are not necessarily suited for a judge to decide such as parenting time exchanges, daycare, etc.
A Parenting Coordinator (PC) is a court-appointed "special master" tasked to assist parents with the development, implementation, and monitoring of parenting plans in hopes of reducing re-litigation. PCs also help parties and their children adjust to divorce and resolve impasses between parents. Most PCs have experience with family law issues whether it is as an attorney, counselor, or mental health professional. A PC's authority is specifically defined by the Court through an Order of Appointment prepared by the parties and their attorneys. The order outlines which matters a PC can address as well as confidentiality, length of appointment, authority to request information, fees, etc.
Although I think that PCs can be wonderful at reducing conflict, I do not think they are not meant for everyone. I typically only recommend them to high conflict parents who have parenting issues that might otherwise force them to have repeated hearings or mediations. While many clients believe that they are high conflict, truly high conflict couples are those whose disputes are frequent and often crisis-oriented. With high conflict couples, one or both of the parties appear to the other as demanding, highly emotional and reactive to the point that you are unable to make simple decisions together. They will have ongoing conflict through continuous routine disputes over parenting time and face inflexibility by either or both of the parents. These are the couples that cannot resolve their issues without the assistance of their attorneys and the litigation process.
•	consistent unsubstantiated allegations by one parent of misconduct on the part of the other parent, such as poor judgment, safety issues, abuse, and violence; and •	a history of alleged or actual alienating tactics, or alienation of the child from a parent.
Often, when I suggest intervention of a PC, many parents fear they will lose the power to make decisions about their children. However, a PC's first priority is to make reasonable efforts for parents to resolve their disputes themselves. When that is not possible, the PC (depending on what level of authority they are given) may offer a recommendation that decides the issue and is binding unless one of the parents brings the matter to the Court for a hearing. The PC invites each parent to present his and her evidence/opinion and tries to facilitate a mutually agreed upon decision. PCs may also have the authority to gather additional information as necessary. Additionally, Level 3 PC's have authority to select and manage a treatment team for parents and the children who may need to attend counseling or therapy.
A final key to remember with PCs is that their services are not to be considered mandatory divorce counseling or therapy. Once a PC has met the parties and has an idea of what their issues are, he/she will either schedule ongoing contacts with you via regularly scheduled sessions, phone consultations, or e-mail consultations as needed to meet the requirements of the Court order. Most of the time, a PC will only be around as much as they are needed. Their goal is to get the parents to a point where they can co-parent effectively on their own.
The attorneys of Harden Jackson Law are devoted to servicing clients throughout the Indianapolis area and the state of Indiana in all areas family law, including divorce, custody, child support, property division, paternity, post-divorce modifications, prenuptial and postnuptial agreements, simple wills, adoption, surrogacy and other areas of assisted reproductive technology law.


This groundbreaking technology allows the consumer to walk through the home from their computer in a big, bold, immersive experience.
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Better Homes and Gardens Real Estate - Rand Realty, founded in 1984, is the No. 1 real estate brokerage firm in the Greater Hudson Valley, with over 25 offices serving Westchester, Rockland, Orange, Putnam and Dutchess counties in New York, as well as Bergen and Passaic counties in New Jersey.
Rand Realty has more than 800 residential real estate sales associates, as well as a commercial real estate company (Rand Commercial Services) and the Hudson United Group, which provide residential mortgage lending, title services, and commercial and residential insurance.
The companies can be found online at http://www.randrealty.com, http://www.randcommercial.com and http://www.hudsonunited.com. Rand Realty can also be found and interacted with on Facebook and Twitter.


text:
Cumberland Newspapers
Carlisle Journal
Carlisle Patriot
West Cumberland Times
West Cumberland News
Cumberland News
Cumberland Herald
The Cumberland Pacquet
The Keswick Guardian
The Maryport Advertiser
Whitehaven Gazette
The Whitehaven News
Whitehaven Herald
The Workington Star
Barrow-in-Furness Northwestern Daily Times
The Northern News
Westmorland Newspapers
The Westmorland Gazette
The Kendal Times
The Penrith Observer
The Penrith Herald
Mid Cumberland & North Westmorland Herald
Ambleside Lakes Herald
Ambleside Lakes Herald Courts Index
The Times articles
Odd Snippets
Cumberland & Westmorland Newspaper Archives
Cumberland Births Marriages and Deaths
The Whitehaven News Centenary Book
Cumberland Archives
Lucy Sands Murder
Whitehaven 1864 Directory
Penrith Murders
Old Merseytimes
Using Newspapers in your Genealogy Research
Distington School Log 1877
Whitehaven MI's
Jonathan Sewell Trial
19th Century Whitehaven
Keswick at War
Richard Heaton's Newspaper Collection
Cumberland Document Transcriptions
1876 Vane vs. Vane
November 3rd 1882
Winter Assizes Part 3
Transcribed by unknown author	unknown author
Edition: November 3rd 1882	November 3rd 1882
SECOND DAY. - WEDNESDAY
Mr. Justice DAY took his seat on the Bench about twenty-five minutes after
ten o'clock, and at once proceeded with the trial of the only remaining case
in the Calendar. Before his Lordship arrived every available seat in the
Court had been taken up by the public. Mr. HAVERFIELD, at seventeen minutes past
ten, entered the Court with the prisoner, on whom all eyes were turned with
curious interest.
THE WORKINGTON MURDER.
Hugh GRANT, 21, labourer, imperfectly instructed, was charged with killing
and murdering one Eleanor GRANT, at the parish of Workington on the 3rd
October, 1882. He was also charged on the coroner's inquisition with the like
offence.
Mr. HENRY and the Hon. A. D. ELLIOT (instructed by Mr. MILBURN, Workington)
prosecuted, and the prisoner was defended by Mr. SHEE (instructed by Mr.
PAISLEY, Workington).
Mr. HENRY in opening the case for the prosecution, said - I appear on the
part of the prosecution WITH MY LEARNED FRIEND Mr. ELLIOTT, and my learned
friend Mr. SHEE appears for the defence of this man, who stands charged before
you with the willful murder of his own daughter on the 3rd October at
Workington.
There are two families in Workington, the prisoner's family called GRANT
and his wife's family called M'GOWAN. The prisoner was married to one Mary M'
GOWAN, daughter of James M'GOWAN on the 19th December last. They seem not to
have agreed, because they separated in March this year, and the prisoner at
that time went away and enlisted in the army, and Mary GRANT went back to her
father's house, that is M'GOWAN's house, and there she lived and is living up
to the present time.
On the 18th September, this year the prisoner returned home from the army,
for what purpose I do not know. He went to live in his father's house at
Workington, which is situated at Betany-street in the suburbs of the town. About
half past ten o'clock on the night of the 3rd October, a girl named Kate
STEPHENSON, a servant of the prisoner's father, was sent out by his mother to
bring the prisoner, who was coming down Senhouse-street making some noise, into
the house.
The prisoner came in and sat down in the house and took his supper. Whilst
he was taking his supper, his mother seems to have said something about his
wife, to the effect that his wife was going to the workhouse. Upon hearing
this he uttered an oath that he would go down and smash the whole house, meaning
that he would go down to M'GOWAN's and smash the whole house. [The learned
counsel put in a plan of M'GOWAN's house.] The house is situated in a field.
There are several houses surrounded by fields; and there are a few houses,
five or six together. This house consists of two storeys, two rooms on the
ground floor and two rooms on the first floor. On the ground floor you will
observe when you come in at the door there is what is called a parlour and at the
back of this is what is called a kitchen and at the back of the kitchen is
what is called a scullery or a pantry. Next to this house is one in which a
family called CASSIDY lived. At the back is an open yard belonging to both
houses.
Now, this man after uttering the threat I have mentioned left his own house
and came down to M'GOWAN's house, and when he came in he went into the
kitchen. In the kitchen were his mother-in-law, Mrs. M'GOWAN, and, I understand,
three of her children - in any case there was Alice M'GOWAN and Hugh M'GOWAN.
There were also in the kitchen his wife, and on his wife's knee was this
daughter, Eleanor, the daughter which was afterwards killed, and also another
child of his wife's, because it appears his wife had two children, one before
marriage and one after. There were Mrs. M'GOWAN and three children and Mrs.
GRANT and two children. Mrs. GRANT and her mother were taking tea together when
he came in, and, to use the language of one of the witnesses "jostled"
against the table. They said they wanted peace and did not want to be disturbed,
and he said he did not desire it. Upon that he said he would lie down before
the fire, and asked them to call him about six or half past six o'clock in
the morning.
The prisoner lay down and shortly afterwards the prisoner's mother and the
girl STEPHENSON who had followed him from his father's house came up to M'
GOWAN's. The mother uttered a curse or imprecation against the prisoner's
wife, who returned the words upon the other. The prisoner jumped up and struck
his wife, who at the time had the child on her knee. Alice M'GOWAN, sister of
the prisoner's wife, took the child away; she went upstairs to rouse her
father who was there asleep. The prisoner struck his wife and kicked at his
mother-in-law who went out to get a policeman; and John M'GOWAN came downstairs in
his night shirt. The prisoner said to him, "Who strikes you, strikes me," or
words to that effect, which seem to my mind to indicate that he was on
rather friendly terms with his father-in-law. But the first act that he does is to
knock his father-in-law down and to kick him. The prisoner's wife came to
the assistance of her father and struck the prisoner with a tea tin.
Old M'GOWAN went upstairs to put his clothes on to go out for a policeman,
leaving Mrs. GRANT and her husband in the scullery. The prisoner abused his
wife in the scullery; she was heard screaming. Eventually she got him outside
the scullery into the yard and shut the door. Now Alice M'GOWAN had gone into
the yard with the child after rousing her father, and in this place she was
accompanied by the girl STEPHENSON who had another child in her arms. On
coming into the yard the prisoner struck Alice M'GOWAN on the face, and he took
his child in his hands, swung it three times round his head and shoulders, and
each time struck its head against some boards that were lying in the yard.
After doing this he threw the child onto a hen house in the yard. The child
subsequently got into the hands of the prisoner's mother, Mrs. GRANT, who took
it to the house of a person named EGLINTON, but before it got there it was
dead. The prisoner afterwards went home, and stopped for a short time at home,
and then afterwards he seems to have come to EGLINTON's house.
Now, gentlemen, these are the facts upon which the prosecution rely. What
occurred in the yard appears to me the most important pasrt of the story. The
question is did he take this child of his and dash its brains out as we may
say in the yard, if he did I don't suppose my learned friend or anyone will say
that can be anything but murder. There is no reason for supposing an act of
that kind can be anything but murder. But did he commit that wanton act as I
have described?
Next to M'GOWAN's house is the CASSIDY house; and Mrs. CASSIDY by the
glare of the light of the 19 furnaces in blast in the neighbourhood saw the whole
of the occurrence, and she says that the prisoner swung the child three
times over his shoulder and dashed it against the boards in the yard. The girl
STEPHENSON, who was in the yard, says she did not see the child dashed against
the boards, but that is no evidence against that of Mrs. CASSIDY, who says she
did see him do so. What Mrs. CASSIDY says is borne out of the evidence of
Alice GRANT and by Hugh GRANT, a boy whose evidence was not given in the court
below. In addition to this there is the medical evidence that the child's
head was smashed in by not one blow but by a number of blows, because the
injuries were in number and variety very considerable.
There is one other circumstance of which I am reminded. The family kept the
hens in the yard and fed them on porridge, a fact still further
corroborative of the child's head having been dashed against the boards. That the child'
s head was smashed and she died of injuries there can be no doubt. After the
occurrence the prisoner went to his father's housre, and the first thing he
said was, "God forgive me for what I have done"; he then lighted his pipe,
saying he could prepare for the rope in the morning. When afterwards charged
with the crime, on being apprehended, he said, "Yes, that will be about it; I
wish I had broke my leg before I went down; it was her mother that caused all
the bother." Provocation came from the prisoner who began the affair - at all
events, whether it was established or not, provocation given by one
individual cannot excuse a man for killing another. However, that is a question of
law on which his Lordship will direct you.
William MURRAY, civil engineer and surveyor testified to the accuracy of the
plans laid before the jury. He also stated there was a large number of blast
furnaces in the neighbourhood of M'GOWAN's house. On some occasions the
effect of these would be to light up the place and make things quite clear.
Botany-street would be about half-a-mile from these furnaces.
Cross-examined - The nearest furnaces are half-a-mile off - the others are
about three-quarters of a mile away.
By Mr. HENRY: I have noticed that the furnaces sometimes light up the
country for two miles around.
Margaret M'GOWAN said: I am the wife of John M'GOWAN, and my husband is a
labourer. We live in a place at Workington called Clay Flatts. Prisoner
married my daughter on the 19th of December, and he left her sometime in March of
last year. They did not agree so well, and the prisoner went and enlisted. He
came back to Workington on the 28th of September. He came to our house on
Tuesday night, the 3rd of October about 11 o'clock. My daughter (prisoner's
wife) and I were sitting at the table in the kitchen, taking a cup of tea. There
were also in the room my three children, Alice, Hugh and William - and her
two children - Eleanor and John William. My husband was upstairs in bed. My
daughter sat on one side of the table, and I sat at the other, and the child
Eleanor was on the mother's knee. The mother rose from the table and went and
sat down in the chair by the fire.
When the prisoner came in he said, "What are you looking at, three eyes?"
and I said, "Let us have a cup od tea Hugh, in peace." He said, "You don't
deserve one," and he lay down on the floor and said no one should put him out
that night. He asked us to wake him at six or half past six o'clock in the
morning. With that his mother came in, and she asked if Mary had seen Hugh.
Mary pointed to him saying, "He's there." His mother then ran out, but she came
back directly and said, "May the curse of Jesus light on you, Mary, for
saying I have put ill betwixt Hugh and you." Mary said something, but what the
words were I don't know.
Hugh then rose up and struck Mary, his wife, and I think he must have struck
her, judging by the sound, on the face with his open hand. He struck her
then on the mouth, and continued to strike her five or six times about the head,
face and body. Then he kicked at me, but he missed and tumbled down on the
floor. I got outside the door, and I heard prisoner's wife shouting "Will no
one take the child?" Up to that time the child had been on her knee. I then
saw my little girl Alice running into the pantry with the child in her arms.
The pantry is between the parlour and kitchen underneath the stairs. The next
thing I saw was my husband coming down the stairs, and then I went away to
look for the police. When I came back I heard something, and then I went to
EGLINTON's house, and there I found the child Eleanor, and upon seeing it I went
for the doctor. When I came back the child was dead.
Cross-examined - It was me to whom Hugh said "You don't dserve to have tea.
" He was not quite drunk when he came to the house. He was sensible of what
he was doing. I did not say to the magistrate that he came in drunk. I don't
know how long my daughter and he had been acquainted before they married. She
had been in service at GRANT's father's house. The eldest child was also
his. My daughter might have returned the answer to him "May the curse light on
you." I could not be sure of this. I had seen a poker at the fireside that
evening. My daughter did not use the poker in my sight.
By Mr. HENRY - When I saw the prisoner he walked steady enough across the
John M'GOWAN said - I am the husband of the last witness. I remember the
3rd of October last. I went to bed a little before ten o'clock. I remember
someone arousing me. I came downstairs in my nightshirt and went into the
kitchen. I asked hugh GRANT what was the matter in the house, and he said, "There's
nothing in particular." I said, "It would be more like you if you will go
home and go to bed peaceably." He said he thought it would, and turned to go
away, as I think, but when I turned round he struck me, and knocked me down.
Before he struck me he said, "Them that will strike you will strike me." When
he knocked me down I fell with my head within the pantry door, and while I
lay he kicked me once or twice. When he kicked me someone interfered, and he
turned to follow them. I went upstairs and got my clothes on, and came down
again. There were only two little ones in the kitchen then. I was going off to
look for the police, when prisoner came up, took me by the arm, and asked me, "
Where I was going." I said, "For the police," and he said, "You had better
not"; but I jerked his arm loose and went for the police. I then went back
to my own house, where no one was in, and afterwards went to Mrs. EGLINTON's.
The child was there on the bed.
Cross-examined - Before I came downstairs I had not heard any disturbance.
When I came downstairs prisoner said he did not want any row. I could not
understand anything about it, however. Somebody had told me he was struck with a
tea tin when I was down. I saw no one strike him with a tin.
Alice M'GOWAN said: - I am the daughter of John M'GOWAN, and I live with
my father at Clay Flatts, Workington. I am "going" for twelve years old. I
remember the Tuesday night when Hugh GRANT came into our house. I was in the
kitchen when he came in, and I went into the parlour for a cup. I came back and
poured out some tea for myself, and then I saw Hugh lying on the floor before
the fire. I saw Hugh's mother come in, but I did not hear what she was
saying. My sister Mary reached me the baby, and I went upstairs to wake my father,
because the prisoner was beginning to "fratch" with my sister Mary (his
wife) and my mother. Hugh began it, but my sister Mary did nothing.
The learned Judge: - What do you mean by the word "fratch?"
Witness: - He was beginning to be mad at them. When I awakened my father I
came downstairs and as I walked through the kitchen I saw Hugh GRANT strike
his wife one blow. I went straight through the scullery door into the yard
with the child Eleanor in my arms. I stood at the end of the scullery by the
sink stone for about ten minutes. I stood within a few inches of the sink,
between it and CASSIDY's door. When I got to the sink stone I turned round the
corner to my left. When I was standing in that position the prisoner came out
and struck me on the side of the head, knocking my head against the wall of
the scullery. He took the baby out of my hands, and I ran out of the yard door
to the pump. Hugh GRANT's mother came out with him. When I got to the pump
Kate STEPHENSON was standing there, and she and I went straight to his father'
s house.
Cross-examined - After I went out with the child I left them quarrelling
inside. Kate STEPHENSON was also in the house, but she went out before me. I
remember saying before the magistrates, "I was standing round the scullery door
cheek." When I got the blow I nearly scattered the baby.
Catherine Ann STEPHENSON said: - On the 3rd of October last I was living at
GRANT's house as a servant. That night I saw the prisoner GRANT in the
street between half past ten and eleven. He asked if it was me, and I replied, "
Yes." He went home and I went with him. I did not go into the house, but waited
outside. I heard his mother say something to him like, "Your wife's going to
the union." He said, "By the Holy Jesus, when I get my supper I'll go down
and smash everything in the house." With that he came out and went towards M'
GOWAN's house, and his mother and I followed him.
His mother went in and said, "May the curse of God light upon you Mary M'
GOWAN, for what you have done to my son." Mary M'GOWAN replied that she hoped
she would get the curse upon herself. I followed through into the kitchen,
and saw Hugh GRANT get up and strike his wife who was sitting at the fireside
nursing her baby. When she was struck she lifted up the poker from the
fireside and struck Hughie somewhere about the face. She then handed the child to
Alice M'GOWAN, who went towards the yard with it. When john M'GOWAN came
downstairs he said he would not have such work in his house at that time of night.
Hughie GRANT then said, "Them that will strike you, John, will strike me,"
but when John M'GOWAN went towards the fireside GRANT struck him and knocked
him into the pantry. While he was lying on his back GRANT kicked him. GRANT's
wife then took a tea tin and hit GRANT on the forehead. His mother and I
went into the yard. Mary GRANT was following me, but Hugh GRANT caught her in
the back scullery, and I heard her screaming. Shortly after Hugh GRANT came
out into the yard. I saw Alice M'GOWAN out there with the baby. She was
standing by the side of the scullery wall of the house next door. GRANT struck her
on the face, clicked the child out of her arms, and swung it three times
around his head, throwing it from him on to the hen house top. His mother said, "
Oh Hughie, that's the wean you're throwing," and Hugh replied, "Let the ___
lie there." Mrs. GRANT then went and lifted the child up. Hugh GRANT went in
the closet, and I went towards the pump, and joined Alice M'GOWAN, and we
went away together to GRANT's father's house. Shortly after we got there Hughie
came in and said, "God forgive me for what I have done," and as he was
lighting his pipe he said he could prepare himself for the rope in the morning.
He then went out.
Cross-examined - When the wife struck him with the poker they both fell
together. I remember saying that he fell and his wife got on top of him. It was
while he was striking John M'GOWAN that his wife struck him with the milk
tin. I remember saying before the magistrates that when he swung the child three
times round its head struck against nothing until it fell on the hen house.
When it got on the hen house its head bounced against it. I am quite sure it
only got one knock - that is, when he threw it on the hen house. The child
only lay a minute or so before the prisoner's mother went for it. She took it to
his wife and said, "Mary, here's the baby." The prisoner had a little sup
of drink about him, but not much.
By Mr. HENRY: - When the prisoner flung the child he would be about three
or four yards from the hen house. He was standing close to the sink when he
was swinging it.
By His Lordship: - I had the child John William with me in my arms all the
John William M'GOWAN, a lad aged seven years, was put in the box. His
Lordship asked him if he went to school, if he learnt anything, or knew anything
of the existence of a God. The little fellow replied, "No" to all of these
questions, and his Lordship said it was no use calling him as a witness.
Sarah CASSIDY, wife of James CASSIDY, who lives next door to M'GOWAN, said,
- My scullery window looks into the same yard as M'GOWAN's. I heard a great
disturbance in M'GOWAN's house on the night in question, and went to my
scullery window and looked out. I saw nothing at first, but in a short time I
saw Alice M'GOWAN coming into the yard with the baby, Eleanor GRANT, held to her
breast. I also saw Catherine STEPHENSON. Alice M'GOWAN was standing about
two yards from my scullery window, with her back to her mother's scullery,
about half a yard from the wall near the corner facing my scullery window. It was
a nice, clear night, and made light from the furnaces. Kate STEPHENSON had
nothing in her arms. I then saw Hugh M'GOWAN and a little boy standing behind
Alice. I next saw Hugh GRANT, the prisoner, who seemed to come from M'GOWAN'
s back door, and he struck Alice M'GOWAN, either on the side of the face or
the shoulder. He then caught hold of the baby by the bottom of its dress, gave
it a swing to his left shoulder, and gave it a blow on the boards three
times, swinging it up and down three times. Its head struck the boards. The
boards were lying by the wash house side, and were pump box boards. They had been
lying there some time, and were about a foot high from the ground. After he
had given the child three blows, a woman stepped forward and took the child
out of his hand. I don't know who the woman was.
By the learned Judge: - I am on good terms with the M'GOWAN's. When he
struck the child against the boards he appeared to do it with great force. When
I saw him I exclaimed, "Oh, my God!" I did not communicate with the police,
nor did I go out of the house. My husband went out when the child came back,
but that was hours later on.
At this point the court adjourned for half an hour.
On resuming,
Mary GRANT, mother of the prisoner, was called. She said that she
remembered on the 3rd of October the prisoner had come home and had had his supper. He
was drunk, and when he went out I was afraid that the police would take him.
Before he went out he said it was very hard to put his wife into the
workhouse when he had only been at home four days, and was going to Derwent Works to
work the next morning.
When he went out I followed him, and found him in M'GOWAN's house asleep.
The prisoners wife and I had sharp words about this workhouse, and he rose up
and asked what the noise was about. He then got in a rage and struck her,
and she took the poker and struck back. His wife and I put him out at the door;
he was a perfect demon with rage. When I got into the yard I came forward
and lifted the bay off of the boards, giving it to Mrs. GRANT. The boards were
lying near the wash house door, and the child was lying on these boards. I did
not see that there was anything the matter with it then.
Cross-examined by Mr. SHEE, witness said that when she came into M'GOWAN's
house her son was asleep. If she had not come down to the house this affair
would not have happened. She never uttered the curse that had been spoken to.
When she pushed him out she shut the door. When he came down the street
about half past ten he was singing "Home Sweet Home."
Eleanor EGLINTON said the child died in about half an hour after it was
brought into her house.
Inspector DODD, Workington, said - I received information of the crime on
the 3rd of October, and I went to Mr. M'GOWAN's house, where I found the dead
body of the child. I went into the back yard and examined the premises. I
saw a heap of boards lying near the wash house about four yards from M'GOWAN's
back door. I noticed a trough in the yard, in which there was a quantity of
liquid porridge.
His Lordship: - The clothes might have been stained with porridge, but I don'
t think it is material one way or another.
Witness continuing said - I apprehended the prisoner and charged him with
willful murder. In reply he said, "Yes that will be about it; I wish I had
broken my leg before I went down; it was her mother that caused all of the
bother."
Cross examined witness said there was no blood on the boards in the yard.
There was a little blood on the child's clothes.
Mr. ORMEROD, surgeon, Workington said: - On the night of the 3rd October I
was called to the house of Mrs. EGLINTON about midnight, and I saw there the
dead body of the child. The child was about a month old. I noticed slight
bleeding from the right ear. On the 5th October I in conjunction with Dr.
HIGHET, made a post mortem examination. The result was that I found dried blood on
the right ear, and a blue mark on the right side of the head, three or four
inches long. The head was flattened behind and the bones were very movable, and
on moving the skin extensive fractures were found, and the base of the skull
was also fractured. The head was completely smashed.
In my opinion the child died of these injuries; they must have been
inflicted by great violence. Looking to the number and the character of the wounds I
do not think they could have been caused by one blow; there must have been
several blows. The injuries I have seen would be likely to be caused by the
violence described by Mrs. CASSIDY.
Cross-examined by Mr. SHEE, witness said he did not think one blow could
have done the injuries; if one blow did it it must have been a peculiar blow.
Dr. HIGHET gave corroborative evidence, stating that in his opinion the
injuries must have been done by several blows.
Mr. SHEE said one of the doctors had said the bones of the skull were
movable. He asked whether the bones of the skull of a child a month old were not
movable?
Dr. HIGHET: Yes.
Mr. SHEE: So movable that the nurses when one is born frequently move it.
Dr. HIGHET: They mould them.
Mr. SHEE: Mould them. I wish they would mould them better than they
sometimes do (laughter).
Mr. HENRY said he had now called before the jury the whole of the evidence
for the prosecution, and the question they would have to consider was who
caused the death of the child. The evidence on this point seemed very clear. The
medical men said the skull of the child was completely smashed, and had
given it as their opinion that the injuries could not be caused by one blow but
by several inflicted with great violence.
They had heard the story told by Mrs. CASSIDY as to the prisoner having
struck its head against the board three times. Well, certainly, the medical
evidence corroborated that statement. Again they had it on the evidence of the
prisoner's mother - who could hardly be expected to say anything adverse to
the prisoner - that she had lifted the child up from the very boards referred
to by Mrs. CASSIDY. What occurred in the house was really of no material
significance. Supposing the question of provocation could possibly be considered,
who was the aggressor? The question of provocation was beside the matter. If
provocation were a matter of importance the evidence was that the prisoner
beat his wife.
But the real question to consider was did the prisoner go into the yard and
seize the baby and do what they had evidence of? After he seized the baby he
did that which, according to all the witnesses, even STEPHENSON, must have
caused death. He had endeavoured, to the best of his ability, to place the
facts before the jury, and the question they had to answer was whether this man
caused the death of his child on this night by violence or not. If he did
cause its death by violence he could see no way out of it; no suggestion of
provocation given, or of any drink taken by the prisoner, could diminish this
crime from murder to manslaughter.
Mr. SHEE then addressed the jury for the defence. He said they were getting
on towards the end of the case, but he sincerely hoped they were not getting
on towards the end of the prisoner's life, and in spite of what his learned
friend had said he thought they would be of the opinion there were good
reasons for thinking he should not be hanged. It was a very sad story. A child
only four weeks old, which has never done any wrong to anybody, never raised its
hand to anybody, but simply clung to its mother's breast, has met its death,
and a violent death. That was a very sad story, but the jury had a more
serious question than that to consider. That was the language of the Clerk of
Assize whether "this man with malice aforethought did kill and murder Eleanor
GRANT." If they said "Yes" the prisoner died; if they said "No" even a life of
long imprisonment might perhaps be his fate.
Mistakes of Court of Law were common enough. They were unavoidable, but in
capital offences were irretrievable. But in this case they were all agreed
upon one thing, viz., that if this was murder it was not murder of a
premeditated kind. They were all agreed there was no sordid motive to induce the man to
do this. Therefore he again asked them to bear in mind that the question was
not whether this child, three or four weeks old, not fit to speak, scarcely
breathing, died on such a day, but the question was whether a man, younger
than any of the jury, younger than himself, a man whose heart throbbed as fast
as any of them, and that was fast enough, who has as bright hopes as some of
them on the 3rd of October, was to die and to die a disgraceful death.
He asked the jury to lay aside what they had heard and read about the case
out of Court, and decide the matter on the evidence which had been given
before them. If there had been passion in the house of M'GOWAN on the 3rd
October, if there had been temper of the wildest or of the maddest kind, if there
had been keenness anywhere in this prosecution it was not in the jury box he
hoped. The prisoner might lame a man or woman when excited or enraged, no one
from any motive of vengence was going to strike him while he was down. Even the
strict letter of the law had pity for a man when he is on trial for his
The first thing that struck him in this case was that in the most important
of all issues there were actually two distinct, positively contradictory
stories. How many a petty larceny had been scouted out of the court because
there were two stories! Yet, his learned friend, who had just read his brief,
asked the jury to convict the prisoner of murder. A whisper did fall from a
quarter in the court that there was a totally distinct story told by one of the
witnesses. He asked whether there was not a third story to be told, was there
not a fourth story possible; and yet they were asked roughly to say, because
this child met its death somehow at the hands of the man, therefore he is
guilty of murder.
The stories were as distinct it seemed to him as the poles asunder. What was
Mrs. CASSIDY's story? These were things which counsel dare not ask
sometimes; these were questions which when a man's life depended upon their answer
counsel dare not put to witnesses. He did not like to ask Mrs. CASSIDY why she
did not run for the police or scream as a woman could scream; he did not ask
why her husband did not run out and go for the police, because he was afraid
that the answer would be injurious to the prisoner. But his Lordship put the
questions which counsel dare not put, and what were the answers?
Mrs. CASSIDY said she did not say anything except, "Oh, my God!" and that
was in the house; her husband did not run out; her husband did not arrest the
man before the third blow was struck; she and he went to bed and they slept
as soundly as ever. It was not in man nor woman to see that which that woman
spoke to and yet do not more than she and her husband did.
He repeated the story told by Mrs. CASSIDY, and he asked did it not strike
them that the story was to the last degree improbable. If it was true, the
conduct of Mrs. CASSIDY and her husband was inexplicable. He examined the
question of the possibility of Mrs. CASSIDY seeing clearly on the night in
question, throwing doubt upon the suggestion that the light from the blast furnaces
enabled her to see what took place, as they were a mile and a half off, and
not only threw light but shadows.
Look at the story of the girl STEPHENSON, who said distinctly and
positively that the child did not receive a blow until its head bounced upon the roof
of the hen house. Again, Mrs. CASSIDY's story was contradicted by Alice M'
GOWAN. Notwithstanding those contradictions the prosecution, although they
professed to say it would be sufficient if the violence was proved to have been
committed by one blow, did not ask the jury to say that it was done in the
extraordinary way that Mrs. CASSIDY suggested.
The doctors were in favour of the prosecution, but doctors did not give
verdicts and their theories sometimes led themselves as well as others astray.
However the law might be laid down the jury must find the facts. He was
satisfied that when there were two stories told for the prosecution in a case of
murder a jury would take that story which was more favorable to the prisoner,
and they would say they preferred to take that because it was the safer to
ast upon.
The prisoner came home after a long absence and was singing merrily in the
street. The song he sung was "Home Sweet Home." Whatever might be their
verdict, murder or manslaughter, he had seen that home for the last time. Did the
prisoner's actions before the murder look as though he premeditated evil?
No. When he came into the house he lay down to sleep, asking to be awakened at
half past six next morning. And yet twenty minutes after this he is said to
have committed murder. It was in evidence that prisoner's mother went down to
the M'GOWAN's and said, "May the curse of Jesus light upon you for putting
ill between me and my son," and prisoner's wife replied, "May the curse light
on you." He submitted to them that prisoner had awakened just as his wife was
cursing his mother. Look at the great struggle that had gone on in the
house, and to the fact that his own mother had turned upon the man who had been
peaceably disposed. In the language of a witness he was mad with rage.
[At this point one of the jurymen fainted, and had to be assisted out of
court for a few minutes.]
Upon resuming, Mr. SHEE expressed his regret that the prisoner could not
have his case stated connectively in this important trial, and went on to say
that he thought the prisoner had had great provocation - provocation to make
even a quite sober man mad with rage. When he was flung out of the house did he
know what he found, did he know what he took hold of? It was simply an act
of impulse that a sober man could not have avoided. Did he know it was a child
he took hold of? He might have had no mind to think; he might have clutched
at it not knowing what it was. If he had thought for a moment what would he
have thought? What was the thought of a father when he looked upon his child?
Quick as lightening the memory of other days would come upon him and he would
know that one day he was as puny a thing as his child, and he would know
that the first word he used as he passed from infancy to childhood was "father."
Would to God he had thought!
He pleaded before them for a fair and for a safe trial. It would be no use
suggesting to them that life would be happier for this man than death. The
cup of bitterness was full to overflowing, but in merder trials they must act
safely. He asked them to bear in mind that no weapon was used, and that the
prisoner had been peaceable and asleep, and had never raised his hand until his
mother had been cursed. He urged that their verdict should be no more than
manslaughter.
His Lordship now summed up to the jury. The question they had to decide was
whether the prisoner's guilt was proved to their reasonable satisfaction. It
was a painful duty for him to discharge, but it was his painful duty to do it
just as it was their painful duty to obey him, and he told them upon this
case, upon the evidence which was before them that he could see nothing
whatever that would reduce the killing of this child from murder to manslaughter. To
reduce the crime of murder to manslaughter in a case like this they must
show some such provocation as would set a man, as it were, beside himself, and
make him for the time, as it were, more or less unconscious of what he was
about, so as to destroy, so to speak, the inference which the law draws from
killing - that the killing is intentional, and he was bound to say that upon the
evidence in this case he could not see anything that would satisfy the jury
in saying that the killing was anything but willful murder.
They must remember that willful murder did not require any planning or
scheming. Any killing in law was willful murder. Looking at what took place on
this night, what conceivable circumstance was there which could reduce the
crime from willful murder to manslaughter? He urged that the charge was
essentially one of willful murder. He saw no grounds whatever for the suggestion that
the offence could be construed to be a less offence than willful murder. If
they thought so, and it was done by the prisoner, he saw nothing in the law why
it did not constitute willful murder.
The jury retired to consider the verdict about half past four o'clock.
The prisoner had been particularly observant of everything in the court,
until the learned Judge finished his summing up, when he bowed his head on his
breast and appeared deeply affected. A hum of conversation was meanwhile kept
up in the court, and all eyes were alternately riveted upon the door through
which the jury would enter and upon the face of the prisoner, who appeared
to be weeping, although his features were nearly concealed by the deepening
twilight.
The jury returned into the court after an absence of a quarter of an hour.
THE VERDICT.
THE CLERK OF ARRAIGNS: Gentlemen of the jury, have you agreed upon your
verdict?
The Foreman: Yes.
THE CLERK OF ARRAIGNS: Do you find the prisoner guilty of willful murder, or
not guilty?
The Foreman: GUILTY; but we recommend the prisoner to mercy.
His Lordship, assuming the black cap, said: Hugh GRANT, you have been found
guilty, and most properly found guilty, by the jury, of the offence laid to
your charge - the crime of willful murder. It would have been impossible for
the jury in the discharge of their duty to have found any other verdict against
you. They have been good enough to add to their just verdict a
recommendation for mercy. I have refrained, in mercy to you, from any inquiry into the
grounds of that recommendation. That recommendation will be forwarded to the
proper quarter. I earnestly urge upon you to place no reliance upon the
recommendation to mercy which has been made on your behalf.
I will not say unnecessarily one word that can add to your present pain, or
embitter your feelings; I will make no comment upon the crime of which you
have been found guilty; I will say nothing as to the circumstances. I merely
urge you, not as your judge, but as your fellow creature, to make good use of
the short time remaining to you, and earnestly to prepare for the great change
which is to come upon you. Seek mercy, and seek it earnestly, where alone
mercy is to be found; seek it at the hands of the all merciful Redeemer.
The sentence I have to pass upon you is not my sentence; it is the sentence
of the law, and a sentence which it is my duty to pass upon you; and that is,
that you be taken to the place whence you came, and thence to the place of
execution, and that you be there hanged by the neck until you die, and that
your body be buried within the precincts of the gaol in which you have been last
confined previous to your death, and may the Lord have mercy upon your soul.
The prisoner, who had been sobbing loudly for some time, was removed from
the dock in a state bordering upon madness, and for some minutes after he had
disappeared in charge of the gaoler his cries could be heard in the court.
(The end of this article.)
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I also found my website designer on Etsy. She worked so hard to get it just the way I wanted it. She took all my likes and made me this gorgeous site! I encourage you to take a look around and tell me what you think. I'd love your feedback!
Next, I added a new line to my services. It's called Party in a Box. These are DIY sweet tables for busy moms, hostesses, party planners or any one that would love a sweet table at their next event but don't have time or the budget to create one.
Party in a Box come already « baked » with desserts and cake, as well as essential party decor and accessories. There are 4 sizes to choose from, depending on the number of people attending. I've created 5 themes that would go great with any party!
So in order to launch my new site, I'm doing 2 giveaways.
Next week, I'm giving away a really cool prize for International fans, so check back soon!


Nobia's Group management comprises the President and individuals with responsibilities for business units or central corporate functions.
Below is a presentation of the Group management members.
Morten Falkenberg President and CEO Born 1958. B.Sc. Business Administration. Employed at Nobia since 2010.
Previous positions: Executive Vice President and Head of floor care and small appliances at Electrolux, senior positions in TDC Mobile and the Coca-Cola Company.
Kristoffer Ljungfelt CFO Born 1977. Employed at Nobia since 2013.
Ola Carlsson Executive Vice President, Chief Product Supply Officer Born 1965. Employed at Nobia since 2017.
Previous positions: Group Vice President Global Operations at Munters and Chief Operations Officer at Electrolux Small Appliances.
Peter Kane Executive Vice President, UK Region and Head of Magnet Born 1965. Employed at Magnet since 1984.
Previous positions: Management positions at Magnet.
Rune Stephansen Executive Vice President and Head of Commercial Denmark Born 1965. Employed at Nobia since 2009.
Previous positions: Leading positions at Marbodal, Kvik, Sportex, Rusta, Ikea and Jysk.
Fredrik Nyström Executive Vice President, Head of Commercial Sweden Born 1977. Employed at Nobia since 2008.
Previous positions: Head of Strategy in Nobia and Nobia's Head of Program office.
Ole Dalsbø Executive Vice President and Head of Commercial Norway Born 1966. Employed at Nobia since 2004.
Previous positions: Leading positions in Nobia Norway, Norema and Sigdal Kjøkken.
Annika Vainio Executive Vice President and Head of Commercial Finland Born 1968. Employed in Nobia since 2018.
Previous positions: CEO of Snellman Pro, CEO Bellapipe and leading positions in Fazer Group and CandyKing.
Ralph Kobsik Executive Vice President and Head of Central Europe Born 1970. Employed at Nobia since 2018.
Previous positions: Head of International Markets at V-Zug and senior positions at BSH Bosch and Siemens Home Appliances.
Thomas Myringer Executive Vice President, HR Director Born 1960. Employed at Nobia since 2003.
Previous positions: Senior HR positions in the Skanska Group.
David Thorne CIO Born 1963. Employed at Nobia since 2015.
Previous positions: Leading IT positions at Howdens Joinery, MFI Group, Acco Brands, Technicolor, Epson and BBC.
Dan Josefsberg Executive Vice President, Chief Marketing, Strategy and Customer Experience Officer Born 1973. Employed at Nobia since 2019.
Previous positions: Managing Partner PwC Experience Center (formerly Pond). Managerial positions at Shell, Electrolux and McKinsey.


Sydney's best located luxury hotel, Four Seasons Hotel Sydney delivers an unforgettable five-star experience, surrounded by the city's icons and overlooking stunning Sydney Harbour.
Located in The Rocks historic area, Four Seasons Hotel Sydney is a short walk from Sydney's major shopping and business districts.
The 531 rooms and suites feature some of the most luxurious interiors in Sydney.
A breathtaking three-level atrium-style lobby is the gateway to the Four Seasons Hotel Sydney experience: a comprehensive day spa and fitness centre with sauna and heated outdoor pool, Mode Kitchen & Bar offering simple dishes executed exceptionally well, Grain bar featuring creative cocktails and one of the country's largest whisky selections, and more than 1,300 sqm (14,000 sqft) of Sydney's finest meeting and function space.
Diplomatico Rum Cocktails for 1 night only!
Experience what Sydney Harbour jet boating is all about!


text:
Budget woes could call NM lawmakers back to work
New Mexico's Legislature could be called back to the capitol for a special session later this year if state revenues continue their downward slide.
Lawmakers headed home warily Friday to distant corners of the state after approving a $6.2 billion budget that trims spending by $7 million.
The state is drawing down its reserve funds and pinching pennies to pay for day-to-day government operations because of plunging cash streams linked to oil and natural gas production, as well as weaker-than-expected sales and income tax receipts.
New Mexico and various other energy-dependent states are weighing whether to tap into rainy-day funds. New Mexico's Democratic-controlled Senate last week voted in favor additional withdrawals from the state's largest permanent fund to boost educational spending, though the measure died in the Republican-led House.
At a news conference Thursday, Republican Gov. Susana Martinez said she still sees a special session as unlikely.
The state has a little over $100 million in quickly accessible reserves available before it would need to tap into money from a tobacco settlement. That last resort measure requires the Legislature's approval.
It remains unclear whether the cushion will be enough.
"In some ways that's a lot, but in other ways it's not a lot considering the revenue reductions we've had in the last two months alone," said David Abbey, staff director of the state Legislative Finance Committee.
Since December, state analysts have trimmed revenue expectations for the coming fiscal year by over $300 million.
Current-year revenues were shrunk last week by 2 percent, or $125 million.
As an added precaution, the Legislature has given the governor extra authority to trim spending and balance the state's checkbook in the event of a close call. Executive agencies also were given special latitude to shift funds among programs to make ends meet.
For now that translates into some hiring freezes, reduced travel and special attention to contracts — but not employee furloughs or layoffs.
Spending increases are planned next year to offset rising costs of Medicaid health care. Modest increases also were budgeted for state prisons, police, teachers and child protective services.
Lawmakers avoided tax increases by scouring agency accounts for $88 million in one-time funding.


This 99 page report contains more than 170 valuable tips to help online retailers to improve the ecommerce user experience and maximise conversion rates.
The report looks at best practices for ecommerce navigation and site search, including the effective use of drop-down menus, and how retailers can improve site search.
This section has plenty of useful tips on how to use video, copywriting and reviews more effectively, and also looks at some examples of great product pages from online retailers.
For example, Direct Line used a swipe button for the iPad-friendly version of its German homepage.
Once retailers have persuaded the customer to add items to their baskets and head for the checkout, it's vital that the process is as frictionless as possible to minimise abandonment rates.
This section outlines the common reasons for checkout abandonment, and looks in detail at how retailers can avoid some of the common obstacles which deter shoppers.
This advice all comes with a caveat: though we can make recommendations, and there is much to be said for following existing best practice in this area, the best approach to web design and customer experience will vary depending on the type of website and the customer base.
Therefore, we would recommend that online retailers test different design approaches to find the combination that delivers the best results for them.
Why do retailers need site search?
What are the ingredients of great product page copy?
Why should you enclose the checkout process?


A stiff north wind came up the afternoon of October 8th, strong enough to be unsettling and drive me into the house. It pushed harder as night came on -- we could hear unidentified items scudding across the driveway and knocking against the house, punctuations to a constant roar and the trembling of the house itself. Looking out the window at 12:30am, I could see the veggie starts nursery in shambles, its shade roof and the roof supports gone, tables upturned -- but beyond that scene, about a mile away, the orange glow of a fire.
The fire looked to be about the size of a house. Potter Valley volunteer fire vehicles were already there, red lights flashing. As we watched, flames flew south, outdistancing any chance of containment within seconds. We heard later that the winds reached 70mph.
Our farm lies entirely in the flat bottomland of Potter Valley. The hay for the year was in the barn, and the field had been irrigated the week before, so the short green grass was moist. Similar hay fields lie on the north and south of ours, and most importantly on that night, on the west as well. Beyond the green fields, to the west, the dry brown hills rise up in folds and ridges of oak savannah. The wind came from the north and just a bit from the east, blowing the fire past us and up over the ridge into the next valley -- Redwood Valley.
While keeping eyes on the fire that night, we packed our bags and loaded the car for a quick get-away in case the wind shifted. I packed cash, computer, and sleeping bag, and then I looked in on the seeds, the only other items I considered taking.
I didn't pack up the seeds that night, and I didn't take them 2 days later when we evacuated. Now, coming back to an unharmed farm, seeing the seeds safe in their jars, and on drying racks, and wrapped in sheets waiting to be cleaned, in every room of the house as well as the barn and the basement, I'm more grateful than ever for the gift of these amazing food plants in their ever-adapting embryonic DNA packages, ready for another season.
We have lots of new varieties -- so far, Charlotte Chard, Mountain Honey Melon, and Crimson Sweet Watermelon are available, but more will be added as winter comes on. Including a dozen tomato varieties we just couldn't resist.


text:
The Broadway Olympics
TODAY IS YOUR LAST CHANCE TO VOTE IN THIS WEEK'S "HOT/HOTTER"!
THIS WEEK YOUR VOTE WILL DETERMINE
THE 2 FINALISTS IN OUR SEARCH
FOR BROADWAY'S MOST UNIQUELY HOT GUY!
VOTE NOW BY CLICKING ON THE ICON TO YOUR LEFT!
Tomorrow marks the Opening Ceremonies of the 2012 Summer Olympic Games in London. The Olympics is a showcase of some of the world's very best athletes, just as Broadway is a showcase for some of the world's best theatrical talents. I look forward to the Olympics every time they come around, much as I look forward to each new opening of the Broadway season. It's kinda funny, considering that I'm not really a sports fan, but there is just something about the Games. It's probably the very human drama that plays out at each event - the stories of how these complete strangers make it to the pinnacle of their chosen sport, often against incredible odds are so compelling. And the sheer emotion on display with each victory and defeat drives me to watch as much as possible - I scream at the TV, cheer at the winners, and even share a tear with the losers (and winners). Doesn't everyone?
So, yesterday, as I started to zone out in my cubicle, my twisted little brain got to thinking: what if Broadway WAS the Olympics? What events would they be in? Who would be a star "athlete"?
The Olympic Committee/The Judges: The Cast of The Best Man
The Olympic Village: Rock of Ages (entertainment); Spider-Man (security); Clybourne Park (housing)
The Opening Ceremonies Parade of Nations: Greece: Mamma Mia!; The Nations of Africa: The Book of Mormon, The Lion King; Argentina: Evita; France: The Phantom of the Opera; Ireland: Once; Nigeria: Fela!; United Kingdom: Mary Poppins, One Man, Two Guvnors, War Horse; United States of America: Chicago, Jersey Boys, Memphis
The Games:
Equestrian: War Horse
Diving: Peter - Peter and the Starcatcher
Swimming: Peter and the Mermaids - Peter and the Starcatcher; The Boys of Mamma Mia!; Eileen Evergreen and the Bathing Beauties - Nice Work If You Can Get It
Rowing: Matron Mama Morton - Chicago; The Shipwrecked - Peter and the Starcatcher
Gymnastics: Floor Exercises: The Cheerleaders of Bring It On; The Newsboys: Newsies; The Sinister Six: Spider-Man
Gymnastics: The High Bar: Duchess Estonia Dulworth - Nice Work If You Can Get It (She always sticks the landing!); Timon: The Lion King
Gymnastics: The Balance Beam: Anyone who dances on the bar at Once; Rachel Crabbe and Stanley Stubbers - One Man, Two Guvnors; Bert - Mary Poppins
Rhythmic Gymnastics: The Double Dutch girls - Memphis; The Corps de Ballet - The Phantom of the Opera; The Merry Murderesses - Chicago; Eva Peron - Evita
Wrestling: Francis Henshall and the Trunk - One Man, Two Guvnors, Simba and Scar - The Lion King; Sam Wheat and Willie Lopez - Ghost The Musical; Spider-Man and the Green Goblin - Spider-Man
Track and Field: Long Distance Running: Elphaba and Fiyero - Wicked; Little Simba and the Wildebeests - The Lion King; The Subway Ghost - Ghost: The Musical; Crown - Porgy and Bess; The Cast of Peter and the Starcatcher
Track and Field: The Hurdles: The Newsboys - Newsies; The Sisters - Sister Act
Track and Field: The Long Jump: The Newsboys - Newsies; Spider-Man - Spider-Man
Shooting: The Gendarme - The Phantom of the Opera; Roxie and Velma - Chicago; Billie Bendix - Nice Work If You Can Get It; Willie Lopez - Ghost The Musical
The Closing Ceremonies: Judy Garland - End of the Rainbow (Who throws a better party?)
Comments? Questions? @jkstheatrescene (Twitter); jkstheatrescene@yahoo.com (Email); or leave a comment below and check a box!
Broadway Box Office: Week 9: 07.23 - 07.29.12
Still Another Trend: Biographical Plays
GAME: Six Degrees of Donna Murphy
The Olympics Opening Ceremonies: The World's Best ...
HOT/HOTTER: THE FINALS!
Should Broadway Actors Tell Us How They REALLY Feel?
BOOK REVIEW: A Purple Summer: Notes on the Lyrics ...
LOGOS: Bring It On: The Musical
ASK JEFF: Third Time's the Charm
HOT/HOTTER: Who will be in THE FINALS?
NYMF 2012: A Few Notes on STUCK
REVIEW: Dogfight
NYMF 2012: A Few Notes on TROUBLE
Broadway Ladies: Ms. July 2012: Lindsay Mendez
WEBSITE REVIEW: Bring It On: The Musical
HOT/HOTTER: VOTE for the FINAL FOUR
Who Are Pasek and Paul?
REVIEW: The Normal Heart (Arena Stage, DC)
FAREWELL: Martin Pakledinaz
A Look at DC's Arena Stage
REVIEW: The Mystery of Edwin Drood (BBC/Masterpiece)
HOT/HOTTER: The Semi-Finals: Round 4
TheatreScene Chat: An Interview with Claybourne El...
The Mysteries of The Mystery of Edwin Drood
First Look at Chaplin: The Musical
Broadway Boys: Mr. July 2012: Max von Essen


text:
U.S. School in Tunis Looted, Burned
By David Steinberg 12:56 PM on September 14, 2012
From the Washington Free Beacon:
Protesters also stormed an American school close to the embassy and "ransacked it," according to the New York Times:
All of the embassy staff members had been safely evacuated beforehand, officials there said, but part of the compound was burned and looted.
The American Cooperative School of Tunis, which caters to expatriate families and is located across the street from the embassy, was burned and completely plundered by protesters, who carried away a range of items including hundreds of laptop computers, children's toys and musical instruments, the director of the school and members of his staff said. All of the students and faculty members had been evacuated hours before the embassy protest.
"It's ransacked," the director, Allan Bredy, said in a telephone interview. "We were thinking it was something the Tunisia government would keep under control. We had no idea they would allow things to go as wildly as they did."
For media inquiries, please contact [email protected]
David Steinberg is the New York City Editor of PJ Media. Follow his tweets at @DavidSPJM.
Read more by David Steinberg


Well 2016 is here & we hope all our staff & cliental have enjoyed the holiday break!
Big changes are in store for 2016 with major changes to the way transport is conducted for not only the transport operator, but for the customer as well.
A number of Road Safety Remuneration Orders either have already / or will take effect by April 2016!
In effect already, all carriers MUST provide 'Safe Driving Plans to all drivers to ensure a safe work environment to all drivers. It is the responsibility of both the transport company & the consignor (you the supplier) to ensure that all parties have taken into account sufficient driving hours to achieve a tasking. It is no longer just the responsibility of the driver. Additionally, all carriers MUST ensure all employees have received the required load restraint & fatigue training (& certified) to ensure a safe work environment. You the customer are responsible for the condition of your product prior to collection & you MUST ensure it is prepared safely & ready for transport in accordance with these guidelines.
Come April 2016, set conditions in relation to pay structures for both the prime & sub-contractor will take effect. Prime contractor need to ensure all sub-contractor elements not only meet all load restraint, fatigue, insurance requirements (to name a few), but also ensure set rates of payment are adhered too. This may result in re-quoting of established regular runs, project work, etc to our cliental.


text:
Title: Ireland moves towards a wood culture
Winners of Wood Awards Ireland demonstrate innovative wood use in small- and large-scale projects, writes Donal Magner.
https://www.farmersjournal.ie/ireland-moves-towards-a-wood-culture-594716
More > Forestry
Donal Magner on 13 Jan 2021
Ireland moves towards a wood culture
Donal Magner
The glulam curved arches rising above the concrete buttress columns during the construction of Center Parcs, Co Longford. \ John Sisk & Son
Slowly, Ireland's architects, engineers and designers are using more wood, especially in construction, but we lag well behind most European countries.
This is understandable as Ireland has a masonry rather than a wood culture and has traditionally lacked the supply and the diversity of raw material necessary to promote widespread timber usage and design in construction, furniture and other applications.
The winners of Wood Awards Ireland (WAI) 2020 demonstrate the range of wood usage now being achieved in Ireland from small-scale craft and design to substantial construction projects.
This week we give examples of the potential of large-scale industrial usage of timber while next week we explore smaller wood projects using broadleaves or hardwoods and minor coniferous or softwood species.
Large-scale projects
Ireland is not alone in its dependence on fossil-based materials but countries such as Canada, Austria, Germany, Sweden, Norway and Finland are now building innovatively and big with wood as an inherent medium in construction projects. Buildings over 80m tall have been completed in Norway and Austria with up to 75% softwood content. These have been achieved by engineering wood to increase its strength so that it can form the structural element of medium- to high-rise buildings. The two most common engineered wood products are glue-laminated (glulam) and cross-laminated timber (CLT).
CLT is a multi-layer panel product made of at least three orthogonally bonded layers of timber (five here). Sitka spruce is suitable for CLT which provides exceptional rigidity and dimensional stability. \NUI Galway
International wood constructions projects aim to build much higher than 80m. For example, Sumitoma Forestry, the Japanese logging, timber processing and construction company, plans to build a 350m skyscraper in 2041 to mark the corporation's 350th anniversary. The building will contain 90% timber.
CLT spruce research
The Timber Engineering Research Group at NUI Galway won the WAI innovative category by demonstrating the structural benefits of engineered wood and how Irish-grown Sitka spruce is suitable for CLT. The project team led by Dr Conan O'Ceallaigh and Prof Annette M Harte explained how "CLT is a multi-layer panel product made of at least three orthogonally bonded layers of timber, which has exceptional rigidity and dimensional stability".
It is now beginning to displace carbon-intensive steel and concrete in demanding structural applications such as multi-storey buildings
CLT is precision-manufactured offsite, thereby maximising efficiency by improving construction and delivery times and also reducing labour costs. CLT has a major role to play in climate change mitigation.
"It is now beginning to displace carbon-intensive steel and concrete in demanding structural applications such as multi-storey buildings," said Dr O'Ceallaigh.
"In central Europe and Scandinavia, CLT is primarily manufactured from grade C24 European spruce. With forecasts predicting large increases in Irish timber coming to the market over the coming decades, significant opportunities exist for the Irish wood products sector including the potential use of Irish-grown timber to manufacture CLT."
The NUI Galway study has established the viability of using grade C16 Sitka spruce to produce structural CLT panels. The study examined suitable adhesives and the load capacity of CLT floor systems.
"When compared to commercial CLT panels made from C24 timber, the C16 [Irish] panels required an increase in thickness of less than 12% to achieve the same performance," maintained Dr O'Ceallaigh.
"Additionally, current steel fastener technology has been shown to be suitable for connections between Irish CLT panels."
With production from Irish forests forecast to almost double by 2030, Sitka spruce CLT could transform the Irish construction market as most of the increased timber yield will comprise Sitka.
Center Parcs wins overall award for excellence in timber construction and design
Center Parcs Ireland was chosen as the overall winner of WAI 2020. Completed by John Sisk & Son (Holdings) Ltd with Holder Mathias Architects and Peter Brett Associates, this large-scale leisure project explored wood in all its forms from solid timber to engineered wood comprising glulam and CLT.
The €233m resort includes 466 self-catering lodges and 30 apartments
Located near Ballymahon, Co Longford, Center Parcs provides a world-class family holiday destination within Ireland, a real alternative to overseas family breaks.
The €233m resort includes 466 self-catering lodges and 30 apartments. The lodges were designed and built in strict accordance with Irish Building Regulations and are A2 energy rated.
The imported wood was in rough sawn format, which was then manufactured in an Irish sawmill to a wide range of different sizes.
Once machined, the wood was treated with the wood preservative Celcure M65 to increase its durability and lifespan.
Treatment of the wood well in advance of delivery to site was critical in order to ensure correct moisture content for installation during different times of the year.
This can be particularly challenging on Irish sites, especially during winter months when the levels of moisture are particularly high, so careful planning was required to ensure timely supply to site of seasoned materials.
All wood used in the project was certified by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) and Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC)
Wiehag was the specialist Austrian subcontractor employed to deliver the glulam and CLT packages for the Subtropical Swimming Paradise (STSP), which is the focal point of the Center Parcs development.
Wiehag developed a 3D model for the glulam and CLT superstructure of the STSP. This was fabricated with the main substructure 3D model – produced by the design team – to ensure that the critical interface between the glulam curved arches and the reinforced concrete buttress columns was managed effectively.
All wood used in the project was certified by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) and Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC).
Most of the species originated in Europe or North America including Norway spruce, European and Siberian larch and western red cedar The plywood species was Elliotis pine from the US, while timber for decking included FSC-certified redwood from the US and PEFC-certified bangkirai, a southeast Asian hardwood.
Broadleaves
Dramatic fall in farmer afforestation
Annual farmer planting has fallen from 7,935ha to 1,292ha in 10 years as farmers' share of the afforestation programme is now only 36% compared with 95% from 2010 to 2019.
Challenge to restore viable afforestation and programme
Delays in afforestation, felling and roading licences need to be addressed if forestry is to maximise its role in decarbonising the economy as expected in CAP negotiations.
Hannah Quinn-Mulligan
Forestry: 3,000 felling licences backlogged
The forestry sector has suffered from repeated delays in issuing licences.
New Zealand lead the way on cutting methane
Experts on livestock emissions addressed the NI Institute of Agricultural Science last week. Peter McCann reports.