text:
Life after publishing a Virgin Islands newspaper
October 1, 2007 by News of St. John
Tom Paine is back on campus in Vermont this fall, a few months after he and his wife, Shirley Reid, sold the St. John Sun Times they owned for four years.
Returning to a post teaching at Middlebury College, he told the campus newspaper his time on island reaffirmed his faith in the power of teaching, something he and Reid did as they also worked to fill their 40-page newspaper with positive articles from locals.
By inviting one and all to contribute to the paper, Paine said, "What I was doing was talking about how to use writing to make a difference. It got a little ridiculous. They used to say that I walked around with a big sign painted on me (saying), 'Do you want to write about it?'"
He also noticed St. John changing while he was there. "It's under
assault by big money," he remembered. "It was no longer the artistic
Mecca which Paine and his wife had once thrived in," the campus paper
When Paine realized the rewards of being a businessman were not
greater than the memories of his satisfaction in teaching, and his
young daughter found snorkeling over coral reefs wasn't as much fun as
being back in Vermont, they sold the paper and returned to college.
Read The Middlebury Campus newspaper article
Restaurant closing guide
Governor urges different property tax rates for different uses
2 thoughts on "Life after publishing a Virgin Islands newspaper"
October 5, 2007 at 3:01 pm | Reply
I would greatly enjoy a copy of the Oct. 1 "Life After Publishing…" article. However, I have recently been having problems with Yahoo! which prevent me from downloading photos or items from my home page. I have tried to send my News of St. John bloc to others to have sent back to me, to no avail. Could you please e-mail me directly? I would greatly appreciate the effort. Thank you.
Jim Foote
Yeah, but, what will become of Bob Tis????


The day time is over. I have done some work, discovered some new things, done a few puzzles. Because it has been raining I have taken no exercise. Now it is dark and the evening cometh. There are no further commitments no bridge, no meetings, nothing. All I have to do is feed the dog, make/enjoy supper, and watch tv or read a book (I'm only pretending I don't do that anymore) and play scrabble with distant friends. Life is good.
This picture is nothing to do with a glass of wine. It's a picture of Dudley checking his camera in Egypt and it's very cruel of me to upload it.
Ben is in Brazil (where they had that terrible fire and all those young people died and Cara and Jake and Reuben are about to go to Egypt (where they had those terrible riots and so many young people have died) Though I know realistically that each event is far from where they are or are going, it's still alarming to hear the local juxtaposition.
I have just completed the January chore of completing my tax return. It's always a huge relief when it's done- and in the process of it I realise how disordered my life is. I have this dream that one day my life will be totally ordered. The easy way to do it would be to have a cleaner, accountant and gardener.-- but then i wouldn''t have any money to spend on holidays, family, and glasses of wine.
We really enjoyed our trip down the Nile. D had now decided that we should sell our house and spend the money on many more trips and holidays. Well yes. my position is that if we manage to de-clutter- and it will take at least 2 years, then I'll consider it- but how can we downsize when we have rooms and rooms and boxes and shelves and drawers full of things . I am still working on the drawers (see Jan 1st or whenever it was. ) 2 down and 631 to go. Does anyone want a perfectly working satellite box? 200 old New Statesmen? 6 drawers of partly used but still serviceable cosmetics? Any of 6 combs? 1960s and 70s folk song books? 4 old cameras? A box of assorted labels? Two large Fortnum and Mason boxes of Christmas decorations ? No actually they might all prove useful one day . The nightmare scenario is that we both get run over by a bus (did you see that ghastly tandem accident in Bristol yesterday) and our rapacious children just hire 3 skips (dumpsters) and throw away our hard hoarded treasures. I used to collect ducks and china houses- now I've boxed them waiting for someone to say they too collect ducks or houses so that they can go to a good home.
I've very nearly finished my glass of wine now- Dudley is in the kitchen making supper. I'll start trying to upload some Egyptian photos to this website somewhere soon.
Home with 250 pictures. This is the one Ben likes best, it was taken in Karnak.
It was warm there. It is cold here.
We are in Aswan but will not be going down to the Dams. This morning we walked through the agora passing dozens of people keen to make our acquaintance but we resisted their charms and have ended up very comfortably here using the hotels wifi to find out how deep the snow is at home. We think we'd rather be here. Sorry.
I have just spent 30 hours without accessing the internet, this is very hard for me. We are in the hot sun (well actually early dusk) of the Lower Kingdom of Egypt. Today we saw Karnak and Luxor and lots of Tourists and attentive Egyptians who long to help us and carry our bags or sell us book marks or old english (or german) newspapers.
Of course Egypt is atonishingly beautiful and the culture it promoted 3000 years ago is staggering. Last night we were entertained by a belly dancer. I marvelled at her firm flesh and flexible middle though I wondered at her excessive make up. I watched her fascinatedly for 25 minutes. This morning at breakfast our worldy wise shipmates told us she was a lady boy.
At Karnak D pointed out the sleeping dogs. There were 4 of them, totally realxed at key points on various parts of the temple. They woke up politely if tourist offered them food.
D& I are nesting in our room at Gatwick before catching a plane tomorrow morning. We will probably be out of wifi for the next 8 days. I am worried because I'm not sure how I can cope with it. I have spent the last hour preparing my legs for daylight. Also there is always the nagging doubt about Bens 7 nights of partying. Actually I hope he does have people over, there is so much food in the fridge that either he will put on weight or it will be wasted.
Crispin has been nominated for an Oscar. Never has the whole family been so keen to express our relationship to him. If he wins we'll have to have some sort of family reunion Oscar party. Actually maybe we ought to have a family reunion Oscar nomination event.?
13th Day of Christmas, all decorations down, Christmas tree out with the dustbin (though I've used bits of it as fire-lighters for our wood stove). It another good Christmas that we're all sad it's over.
Next week we're going on a Nile Cruse. Sorting out summer clothes to wear- I realise that I hardly wore them this year as we never really had a summer. By the way it worked out as planned- by booking only a week before departure we got a £600 rebate on normal cost, it's the opposite on trains, there you have to book as far ahead as possible.
I have made a New Year Resolution: I am going to sort out one drawer or box each day.
This is a massive task.
There are 52 drawers around me in the study- and if I add boxes, which are really varieties of drawers, then there are another 19. Then there must be 20 or so in the kitchen and 50 or more in the bedroom- they include mixed up make up drawers, medicine containers, all kinds of things which are in a complete muddled chaos. Dudley has inspired me in this by yesterday sorting out his sock drawer.
The danger is that I shall sort them by shunting most of the contents onto another drawer/box. I shall get out our huge laundry hamper for collecting the residues.


Members of the Mbelopa church group are successfully breeding ducks and chickens with the help of the Community Livelihood Improvement Project (CLIP).
After assisting the group, located in Hela Province, with the construction of a poultry breeding facility, the CLIP team delivered improved breeding stock of ten ducks and ten chickens for the group to commence nurturing and breeding.
Following the delivery, the CLIP team worked with local group members to deliver training sessions in good poultry management.
Three months later the first ducklings began to hatch - the first 'new arrivals' of any CLIP breeding programs across Project locations within Southern Highlands and Hela Provinces.
Regular visits from the CLIP team and refresher training remained ongoing after the hatchings arrival to ensure the group members could demonstrate the skills learnt in good poultry management. During this period, group members were advised and mentored on the construction of their own poultry shelters in their home gardens.
The next step in the program was to distribute ducklings to members to begin their own breeding programs at home.
The group leaders and members established a set of criteria for eligibility to receive ducklings which included a physical inspection to ensure the shelters met the same standards set by CLIP during the establishment of the groups breeding facility.
Eight group members were the first recipients of a total of eleven ducklings and are now raising them within their own shelters. The group will continue to raise ducklings and chicks as they hatch and provide them to their members for breeding.
The Mbelopa church group is the first major success under the CLIP poultry training program, with additional groups now taking steps toward building their poultry breeding amongst their members.


text:
Q: How to prevent jQuery overlading on my site (e.g. by a browser addon) I am using jQuery on my website and Honeybadger to get notified about javascript exceptions. The tool shows me many errors that occurr because the global jQuery and $ variables are overwritten by another jQuery-Version (e.g. from https://ajax.googleapis.com/...)
So I am thinking about using jQuery.noConflict to use another variable for jQuery (e.g. $j). Since I use a few addons for jQuery, this must happen right after all of them are loaded, right?
But does it work all the time or might another jQuery be injected before all my addons are loaded?

A: As long as all your plugins know to use $j it won't matter when the other jquery is loaded.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


It's the Christmas Special of a series that never happened. This past year Matt planned on starting a short series called "Matt's Crummy Comic Collection" but never got it started. With Christmas just days away, this "Christmas Special"/"Pilot Episode" is brought to test out the show idea. In this episode Matt recaps and reviews the 2009 IDW Comic special one-shot "Ghostbuster: Past, Present, and Future".
I Have Quesitons - Holiday Edition - What were those lights in those bags?
I Have Quesitons - Holiday Edition - What was the biggest Gingerbread House ever?


text:
title: Cuyahoga County Public Library
published: true
start_at: 2018-04-17 19:30:00
show_time: true
venue:
  name: Cuyahoga County Public Library
  address: 2111 Snow Road
  city: Parma
  state: OH
  zip: '44134'
link:
---

Talk about Killers of the Flower Moon, Q&A, and book signing

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
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Hooters Casino Acquired for $53.8M in Hush Deal
Whomever orchestrated the May 1st, 2015 sale of the Hooters Hotel & Casino in Las Vegas certainly wasn't interested in generating a lot of publicity since almost all major news outlets found out days after the transaction had taken place, with employees being notified only one day prior to the final deal.
The company behind the $53.8 Million price tag is called Trinity Hotel Investments and is a firm based out on New York. According to the Las Vegas Sun piece on the sale parties from both Trinity and the current owners of Hooters (Canyon Capital Advisors) declined to comment on the sale, slightly strange considering the publicity surrounding hotels changing hands is almost always good for business.
In any case, it was a short lived run for Hooters which took over the property in 2006 (then the San Remo Hotel) and re-branded it under the Hooters umbrella. Since its inception however, the hotel has been plagued by financial issues and even filed for bankruptcy just one week before it was slated to be auctioned off in a foreclosure sale in 2006 which temporarily staved off creditors of the property.
Under the new owners, it's suspected that the hotel will be re-branded under a major hotel management company (possibly Holiday Inn) and opened as a discount alternative to the strip hotels hoping to attract mid range guests to the property. While the site is not in an ideal location, it's still close enough to the strip that a shuttle service would make it an attractive and affordable option.
The sale of Hooters comes just a month after it was announced that the Tropicana had been sold to Penn National Gaming for a cool $360 Million and being its next door neighbor it will be interesting to see the development plans for both properties over the coming months and years.
Having stayed at Hooters ourselves one evening, we have to say it's no surprise that the hotel has met its maker since it was getting quite run down and attracting a pretty seedy group of people. We really hope that the new iteration of the property it something great that can be enjoyed again by visitors.
For all you Hooters Restaurant fans out there not too worry, apparently the restaurant will remain in place (along with the casino) since it's reportedly the most profitable Hooters franchise location in the entire United States.
It's been an interesting start to Q1 of 2015 in terms of real estate and development deals in the city, with Genting breaking ground on Resorts Worlds days ago and a number of properties changing hands. We fully expect the next 3 quarters to have a number more deals coming to the table and some interesting developments breaking ground across the city in anticipation of 2016 fiscal and beyond.
Michigan's Islands Resort & Casino Approves $30 Million Renovation
Louisiana Gaming Control Board Approves Proposed Caesars-Eldorado Merger
Hard Rock Will Continue to Invest in Atlantic City, Despite Town's Bad Shape
Rio Suite Hotel Celebrates 30 Years as Trendsetting Las Vegas Resort
Daily Fantasy Sports Provider DraftKings Opens Las Vegas Office
10 of the Strangest Celebrity Restaurants in Las Vegas
Why Teaching Is the Best Way to Improve Your Gambling Skills
The Ultimate Guide to Gambling
6 Secrets on How to Win While Lazy Gambling
5 Best Tips for Winning at Pai Gow Poker
Simple Gambling Tips Even Experts Forget
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


… on… the macro verse….
I've long been fascinated with macro photography. It's so hard to do it right. And I'm usually too lazy to carry a tripod around so I've never really bothered. But lately, as my previous post shows. I've started getting into the so-called groove of close-up and macro imaging. I still don't use a tripod – all handheld – so the number of useable images are limited.
This morning was a beautiful frosty December morning and I decided to go to a local park close to downtown and only about 5 minutes from my apartment. Here are two of the images I was able to use from this morning along with two new haiku. Hope you enjoy them.
The music moment is provided by the Tindersticks. Their song FROZEN from their recent album – The Something Rain.
← … on… a thousand fading stars….


Join us at The Warrior Café for a steaming hot espresso drink and be refreshed by the iron-sharpening-iron fellowship with other believers.
Decaf available upon request. We are proud to serve drip, cold brew, and espresso beans from Eleos Coffee House, a local coffee shop dedicated to serving God through serving others coffee.
We are proud to serve Hugo Tea, a local tea company that blends, packs, and flavors their tea right here in Kansas City, MO, and are one of the few tea companies in the entire Midwest region.
London Fog Tea Latte: We brew half Grey Line tea then combine it with some steamed milk and a dash of vanilla.


text:
Bestselling Stock Content For The Month of March 2019
by 123RF
123RF 123RF https://blog.123rf.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/123RF_logo_v2.png 323 62 April 11, 2019 April 10, 2019 https://blog.123rf.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/8th-April-1200x540-Blog-Featured-Image-1024x461.jpg 800 360
We've gathered data on the bestselling royalty-free stock content for March 2019. Compiled below in their respective Likeboxes, we bring you 123RF's bestselling stock content: photos, vectors, footage, and audio.
Bestselling Stock Content: Photos
Click the image to view the likebox collection
March's top stock downloads saw women empowerment-themed images as one of the favorites for the month. Family-themed images were another major theme of March's top downloads. Additionally, the great outdoors was another major addition for the month.
Bestselling Stock Content: Vectors
Similarly, the trend for the top stock downloads trickled down into the vectors section. The month of March featured Women's Day vectors. These illustrations were adapted from greeting cards and poster templates. Furthermore, with spring here, this inspiration also made its way into the top vector downloads for the month of March.
Bestselling Stock Content: Footage
Corporate culture footage were strongly evident in March's video clip bundle. These footage focused on aspects like team building and new cutting edge technology for businesses. Footage showcasing the great outdoors were also one of the month's top downloads. Additionally, a couple of cityscapes footage also made its way into the highest downloads for March.
Bestselling Stock Content: Audio
In the month of March, upbeat commercial audio clips were popular downloads. Acoustic guitar tracks were also in demand, along with jazz tunes. Meanwhile, hip-hop tracks were fun additions to March's downloads.
Stick around for the next month's compilation of bestselling stock content! Furthermore, if you're looking for our bestsellers from the past months, check out our archive of top stock content.
The Ultimate Guide to 2019's Biggest Illustration Trends
Photo Submissions Rejected? Here's How To Reverse That
5 Strategies to Stand Out in The Content Creator Community
123RF 123RF https://blog.123rf.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/123RF_logo_v2.png 323 62 May 21, 2021 May 27, 2021 https://blog.123rf.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Content-Creator-Community-Blog-Header-1-1024x461.png 800 360
October Trending Topics: What Buyers Are Looking For
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Here's How To Sign Up As A Contributor on 123RF
123RF 123RF https://blog.123rf.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/123RF_logo_v2.png 323 62 August 24, 2020 August 24, 2020 https://blog.123rf.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/1200x540-Blog-Featured-Slider-Image-1024x461.jpg 800 360
September Trending Topics: What Buyers Are Looking For
123RF 123RF https://blog.123rf.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/123RF_logo_v2.png 323 62 August 13, 2020 September 23, 2020 https://blog.123rf.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/1200x540px-123RF-blog-header-3-1024x461.png 800 360
A Guide To Stock Photos [And 6 Reasons To Use Them!]
123RF 123RF https://blog.123rf.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/123RF_logo_v2.png 323 62 July 18, 2020 October 12, 2020 https://blog.123rf.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/1200x540-Blog-Featured-Slider-Stock-Photos-Guide-1-1024x461.jpg 800 360
August Trending Topics: What Buyers Are Looking For
123RF 123RF https://blog.123rf.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/123RF_logo_v2.png 323 62 July 15, 2020 September 23, 2020 https://blog.123rf.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/1200x540px-123RF-blog-header-2-1024x461.png 800 360
Where Are Stock Photos Used? A Comprehensive Guide
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Complete Guide To Describing And Keywording Audio Content
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Our Guide to Describing and Keywording Editorial Images
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More from Community


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FMC says lithium pricing rising on strong electric car demand
August 3, 2018 By Editor
FMC Corp, which is spinning off its lithium division as a publicly traded company later this year, said on Thursday that prices for the light metal continue to rise on strong demand from electric vehicle battery makers.
There are growing worries about oversupply in the lithium sector, with several new production facilities under construction around the globe.
Philadelphia-based FMC on Wednesday posted a better-than-expected second-quarter profit, helped in part by a 20 percent increase in sales of lithium hydroxide and carbonate, the two most common derivations of lithium used by battery suppliers for Tesla Inc and others.
"We are seeing sequential pricing as well as very strong year-on-year pricing," FMC Chief Executive Pierre Brondeau said on a conference call with investors.
Spot market prices in China for lithium have plunged this year due in part to the oversupply concerns, though the Chinese spot market is relatively small. FMC, like competitor Albemarle Corp, has annual contracts with customers that it renegotiates annually.
The company is able to charge more under those contracts as demand rises for the metal, a critical battery component, Brondeau said.
FMC, which also produces agricultural chemicals, plans to spin off its lithium division in an initial public offering in October under the "Livent Corp" name.
For 2018, FMC expects lithium sales of $430 million to $460 million, in what would be at least a 20 percent increase from last year, though executives noted that not all of that is spread out equally among all quarters.
FMC's main lithium production facility is in Argentina, where the country's peso currency has been dropping in value to the U.S. dollar this year due in part to weakness in emerging markets and uncertainty about the local economy. That devaluation actually boosted exports from the lithium division in the second quarter, Brondeau said.
Shares of FMC fell 2.6 percent to $85.99 on Thursday as U.S. markets were mixed.


text:
\section{Introduction}
Hybridization between localized and itinerant electrons plays an essential role in various kinds of interesting phenomena in $f$  electron systems, ranging from heavy fermion state to orderings of magnetic and higher rank multipole moments.\cite{Portnichenko20}
The hybridization is in principle dependent on the symmetry relation of the relevant orbitals and therefore has strong relation with these phenomena.
Importance of understanding the details of orbital dependent hybridization is becoming more important in recent years in studying a wide variety of ordering phenomena including hybrid multipoles.\cite{Hayami18}
In this paper, we present a rare case where an orbital dependent $p\,$--$f$ hybridization induces a charge order in magnetic fields, which is actually realized in Sm-based filled-skutterudite.

SmRu$_4$P$_{12}$, a filled-skutterudite compound forming a body-centered-cubic (bcc) lattice of space group $Im\bar{3}$, exhibits an antiferromagnetic (AFM) order with $\bm{q}=(1, 0, 0)$ at $T_{\text N}$=16.5~K,\cite{Lee12,Tsutsui06,Hachitani06a,Ito07,Hachitani06b,Masaki06,Masaki07,Masaki08} accompanied by a metal-insulator transition.\cite{Sekine00,Matsunami05}
Anomalously, there appears another transition at $T^*$=14~K inside the AFM phase.\cite{Sekine03,Matsuhira02,Matsuhira05,Sekine05,DKikuchi07,Aoki07}
The anomaly in specific heat at $T^*$ is enhanced with increasing the field and the region of the intermediate phase (phase II, $T^*<T<T_{\text N}$) expands, indicating that the phase II is more stabilized in magnetic fields.
The origin of this unusual phase has long been a mystery for more than 10 years until a new theory was proposed and verified experimentally.\cite{Shiina13,Shiina14,Matsumura14,Matsumura16}
The nesting instability for a $\bm{q}=(1, 0, 0)$ charge-density-wave (CDW) of the conduction band, consisting of the $a_u$ molecular orbitals of the $P_{12}$ icosahedra, overcomes the AFM interaction in magnetic fields by incorporating the $4f$ state through the $p\,$--$f$ hybridization, a direct mixing between the $4f$ state of the rare earth and the $p$ state of the surrounding P atoms.\cite{Harima03,Harima08,Shiina10}
This leads to a field-induced charge order, i.e., a difference in the charge density of the $P_{12}$ molecular orbitals around the Sm ions at the corner (Sm-1) and the center (Sm-2) of the bcc lattice, which is assisted by a staggered ordering of the crystal-field (CF) states of the Sm-$4f$ electrons.\cite{Shiina13,Shiina14,Shiina16,Shiina18}
To verify this scenario, we have performed resonant x-ray diffraction (RXD) and obtained supporting results for the theory.\cite{Matsumura14}

The main points of the previous RXD experiment are as follows.
(1) Atomic displacements are induced in magnetic fields in phase II.
This has been interpreted as indirectly reflecting the charge order.
(2) AFM component parallel to the magnetic field is dominant in phase II, giving rise to large and small magnetic moments of the Sm ions.
This is coupled with the selection of the AFM domains in which the moments are aligned along the $[111]$, $[\bar{1}11]$, $[1\bar{1}1]$, or $[\bar{1}\bar{1}1]$ axis at zero field with a rhombohedral distortion.\cite{Masaki07,Aoki07,Matsumura16}
In normal AFM orderings, the moments prefer to be perpendicular to the applied field to gain the Zeeman energy.
However, it is opposite in the phase II of SmRu$_4$P$_{12}$.
The parallel AFM ($\bm{m}_{\text{AF}} \parallel \bm{H}$) in phase II can be interpreted as a consequence of the staggered ordering of the $\Gamma_7$ and $\Gamma_8$ CF states.
(3) The directions of the atomic displacements and the magnitudes of the AFM moments are reversed when the field direction is reversed.
All of these features are consistent with the picture of the field-induced charge order through $p\,$--$f$ hybridization.

To depict the concept of the field-induced charge order, we drew in Fig.~1 of Ref.~\onlinecite{Matsumura14} a larger magnetic moment on Sm from which the surrounding atoms shift away and a smaller one on Sm to which the surrounding atoms approach.
However, it is not an experimentally determined picture and is nothing more than a schematic.
Although the details of the lattice distortion and the atomic displacements were clarified in the subsequent experiment of high precision non-resonant x-ray diffraction, the relation between the magnetic moment of Sm and the local lattice expansion (or contraction) has not been determined yet.\cite{Matsumura16,comment1}
This information, which is the first goal of the present study, is important to step forward to the fundamental understanding on the mechanism of the charge order through $p\,$--$f$ hybridization.

For example, in an isostructural PrRu$_4$P$_{12}$ with similar nesting instability with $\bm{q}=(1, 0, 0)$, the charge order occurs at 60 K, below which the nonmagnetic $\Gamma_1$ and magnetic $\Gamma_4^{(2)}$ CF states alternately become the ground state.\cite{Iwasa05a}
It is experimentally determined that around the Pr site with the $\Gamma_4^{(2)}$ ($\Gamma_1$) ground state with large (small or vanishing) moment the local lattice expands (contracts).\cite{Iwasa05b}
These pieces of information can be associated with the theoretical analysis that the $\Gamma_1$ orbital has much larger hybridization with the $a_u$ molecular orbital than $\Gamma_4^{(2)}$.\cite{Shiina10}
Similar alternate ordering of large and small moments, accompanied by a local lattice expansion and contraction, respectively, is also observed in PrFe$_4$P$_{12}$.\cite{Iwasa08,Iwasa12}

The field reversal method in RXD used in our previous study of Ref.~\onlinecite{Matsumura14} is based on the fact that the intensities for $\pm H$ fields are written as $|F_{\pm}(\omega)|^2=|\pm F_{\text C} + i\alpha(\omega) F_{\text M}|^2$, where $F_{\text C}$ and $F_{\text M}$ represent the crystal structure factor due to atomic displacements (Thomson scattering) and the magnetic structure factor of the AFM order, respectively, for a forbidden reflection with $\bm{q}=(1, 0, 0)$. $\alpha(\omega)$  is a resonance spectral function.
By measuring the difference in intensity for $\pm H$, we should be able to deduce the relationship between the signs of $F_{\text C}$ and $F_{\text M}$.
Unfortunately, from the RXD experiment only, however, we could not deduce it because of the unknown phase factor of $\alpha(\omega)$.

In polarized neutron diffraction (PND), on the other hand, the intensities for up-spin and down-spin incident neutrons are written as $|F_{\pm}|^2=|F_{\text N} \pm r_0 F_{\text M}|^2$, where $F_{\text N}$ is the nuclear structure factor (equivalent to $F_{\text C}$ in RXD) and $r_0=-5.38$~fm is a constant factor.
In PND, differently from RXD, without an unknown factor $\alpha(\omega)$, we can directly deduce the relationship between the signs of $F_{\text N}$ and $F_{\text M}$, which has been performed for PrRu$_4$P$_{12}$ and PrFe$_4$P$_{12}$.\cite{Iwasa05b,Iwasa12}
We use basically the same method for SmRu$_4$P$_{12}$.
If we could determine the spectral function $\alpha(\omega)$ in RXD, we should be able to obtain the consistent result from RXD.
To determine $\alpha(\omega)$ independently, we use x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) and x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS).

The second aim of this study is to detect and verify the difference in charge densities on the two P$_{12}$ cages around Sm-1 and Sm-2, and clarify the relationship between the charge density and the magnitude of the Sm moment.
This will be a genuinely direct evidence for the theory. For this purpose, we use resonant soft x-ray diffraction (RSXD) at the P $K$-edge, with which the $3p$ electronic state of P is directly investigated through the $1s$--$3p$ resonance.
If the charge density is different between the two cages, we expect different absorption edges for the two P sites, which would give rise to a resonance peak in the structure factor for this forbidden reflection.

The third aim of this study is to understand the phase II comprehensively by RXD exhibiting clear signals.
It has been suggested that the phase II has a very isotropic nature with respect to the applied field direction.
The parallel AFM is expected to be induced for any field directions in accordance with the underlying order of $p$-electron densities and the $\Gamma_7$--$\Gamma_8$ CF levels. This picture should be confirmed experimentally.

\section{Experiment}
Single crystalline samples were grown by the tin-flux method. The samples used in the RXD and RSXD experiments are the same as those used in Refs.~\onlinecite{Matsumura14,Matsumura16}.
RXD experiment at the Sm $L_3$-edge was performed at BL22XU in SPring-8. The sample was mounted in a 8~T vertical-field superconducting cryomagnet.
Polarization of the incident x-ray is in the horizontal scattering plane ($\pi$-polarization).
Polarization analysis of the diffracted x-ray was carried out by using the Cu-220 reflection.
RSXD experiment at the P $K$-edge, using the same sample, was performed at BL-11B of the Photon Factory in KEK.
An in-vacuum two-axis diffractometer equipped with a 7~T superconducting magnet\cite{Okamoto14} was utilized without polarization analysis.
XMCD experiment was performed at BL39XU in SPring-8 by a helicity modulation method using a diamond phase retarder. Powdered sample was prepared by crushing the single crystals. A 7~T cryogen-free superconducting magnet was used to apply magnetic fields parallel to the x-ray beam.

PND experiment was performed by using the HB-1 triple axis spectrometer (PTAX) at the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL).
The same sample used in Ref.~\onlinecite{Lee12} was used, which is enriched with $^{154}$Sm isotope to avoid severe absorption of neutrons by natural Sm.
The volume of the sample was less than 1~mm$^3$.
A vertical magnetic field of 5~T was applied along the $[1\bar{1}0]$ crystal axis, with the $[110]$--$[001]$ horizontal scattering plane.
A polarized neutron beam of $\lambda=2.46$~\AA\ ($E=13.5$~meV) was selected by a Heusler alloy monochromator.
The degree of polarization of the incident neutrons was $92.5\pm 1$~\%.
A Pyrolytic Graphite (PG) analyzer was used to select the energy of the elastically diffracted neutrons and also to reduce the background.
The sequence of the horizontal collimators was $48^{\prime}$--$80^{\prime}$--$60^{\prime}$--$240^{\prime}$.
We measured intensities for up ($\parallel \!\bm{H}$) and down ($\parallel \!-\bm{H}$) spin polarizations, which was switched by a Mezei-type spin flipper.
The actual count rate of the Bragg diffraction from the sample was approximately 1/5 times the previous experiment of Ref.~\onlinecite{Lee12} using unpolarized neutrons from a PG monochromator.

\section{Results and Analysis}
\subsection{AFM domain selection in phase III}
\begin{figure}[t]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=8.5cm]{Fig1}
\end{center}
\caption{X-ray energy dependences of the intensity of the 333 Bragg diffraction at 2 K (phase III) in magnetic fields of 0 and $\pm 6$ T along  $[1 \bar{1} 0]$. After absorption correction.}
\label{fig:Edep2KH110}
\end{figure}
We first describe that the low temperature phase-III ($T<T^*$) is a normal AFM ordered state, where the magnetic moments prefer to be perpendicular to the magnetic field.
Figure~\ref{fig:Edep2KH110} shows the resonance spectra of the 333 Bragg diffraction at 2 K in magnetic fields of 0 and $\pm 6$ T along  $[1 \bar{1} 0]$.
Two resonant peaks are clearly observed at $E2$ (6.712 keV, $2p_{3/2} \leftrightarrow 4f$) and $E1$ (6.720 keV, $2p_{3/2} \leftrightarrow 5d$) energies.
These are of magnetic dipole origin because no signal was observed in the $\sigma$-$\sigma'$ channel at the $E1$ resonance, which was measured by tuning the incident polarization to $\sigma$ by using a phase retarder system.\cite{Inami13,SME1ss}
The intensity of $\pi$-$\pi'$ scattering decreases significantly by applying the field, whereas that of $\pi$-$\sigma'$ slightly increases.
This shows the increase in the volume fraction of the AFM domains in which the moments are oriented along the $[111]$ and $[11\bar{1}]$ axes ($\bm{m}_{\text{AF}} \perp \bm{H}$, $\bm{m}_{\text{AF}} \parallel$ the horizontal scattering plane),\cite{Matsumura16} which gives rise to the $\pi$-$\sigma'$ scattering according to Eqs.~(\ref{eq:A-5}) and (\ref{eq:A-7}).
In contrast, the volume fraction of the $[\bar{1}11]$ and $[1\bar{1}1]$ AFM domains, in which the moments have large parallel component to the field ($\bm{m}_{\text{AF}} \parallel \bm{H}$, $\bm{m}_{\text{AF}} \perp$ the scattering plane) and are responsible for the $\pi$-$\pi'$ scattering, decreases by applying the filed because they are energetically unfavorable. This is quite a normal behavior of an AFM order.
Almost the same result is obtained also for $H \parallel [\bar{1}\bar{1}2]$.\cite{SM1}

\subsection{Field-induced charge order in phase II}
\begin{figure}[t]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=8cm]{Fig2}
\end{center}
\caption{(a) X-ray energy dependences of the intensity of the 333 Bragg diffraction for the $\pi$-$\pi'$ channel at 15 K in magnetic fields of $\pm 6$ T along $[1 \bar{1} 0]$. Solid lines are the fits with Eq.~(\ref{eq:IntRXD}), using the magnetic spectral function $\alpha^{(1)}(\omega)$ obtained from XMCD. See text.
}
\label{fig:Escan15KppH110}
\end{figure}
Figure~\ref{fig:Escan15KppH110} shows the x-ray energy dependence of the 333 Bragg-diffraction intensity for the $\pi$-$\pi'$ channel at 15 K in phase II in magnetic fields of $\pm 6$ T for $\bm{H}\parallel [1 \bar{1} 0]$.
Although this result has already been reported in Ref.~\onlinecite{Matsumura14} for the 030 reflection in $\bm{H} \parallel [001]$, the present result for the 333 reflection in $\bm{H}\parallel [1 \bar{1} 0]$ is more clear-cut.
Non-resonant Thomson scattering appears in phase II due to the field-induced atomic displacements, which is considered to reflect the underlying charge order.
Simultaneously, the resonant magnetic scattering in the $\pi$-$\pi'$ channel is enhanced, indicating the development of the parallel AFM component, which is usually not preferred and is suppressed in phase III.
The non-resonant magnetic scattering is very weak (less than 1 cps) as can be observed in the nonresonant region below 6.70 keV in Fig.~\ref{fig:Edep2KH110}, which can be reasonably neglected.
The non-resonant Thomson scattering and the resonant magnetic scattering interfere with each other and exhibit characteristic anomalies around the $E2$ and $E1$ resonance energies.
The interference structure in Fig.~\ref{fig:Escan15KppH110}, which is reversed by changing the field direction, contains information on the relationship between the atomic displacement and the magnitude of the parallel AFM component of Sm.
The energy spectrum should be analyzed by using the following function.
\begin{align}
I(\omega) &= \bigl| F_{\text{C}} + i \{ \alpha_{E2}^{(1)}(\omega) \bm{G}_{E2}^{(1)} + \alpha_{  E1}^{(1)}(\omega) \bm{G}_{E1}^{(1)} \} \cdot \bm{F}_{\text{M}} \bigr|^2\,, \label{eq:IntRXD} \end{align}
\begin{align}
\alpha_{E2}^{(1)}(\omega) &=  \frac{I_2 \Gamma_2 e^{i\phi_2}}{\hbar\omega - \Delta_2 + i\Gamma_2} \,, \label{eq:alpE2} \\
\alpha_{E1}^{(1)}(\omega) &=  \frac{I_1 \Gamma_1 e^{i\phi_1}}{\hbar\omega - \Delta_1 + i\Gamma_1} \,, \label{eq:alpE1}
\end{align}
where $\alpha_{E2}^{(1)}(\omega)$ and $\alpha_{E1}^{(1)}(\omega)$ are the $E2$ and $E1$ resonance spectral functions due to magnetic dipole moments (rank-1), respectively. $\bm{G}_{E2}^{(1)}$ and $\bm{G}_{E1}^{(1)}$ are the geometrical factors described in the Appendix, which are calculated to be $\bm{G}_{E2}^{(1)}=(-0.77, 0.77, 0)$ and $\bm{G}_{E1}^{(1)}=(-0.68, 0.68, 0)$ in the present geometry of the 333 reflection for $\pi$-$\pi'$ with the $[1 \bar{1} 0]$-axis oriented upwards.
Although the $E2$ resonance could have a magnetic octupolar (rank-3) contribution, it is estimated to be weak and may be neglected.
This is justified by the polarization dependence of the $E2$ intensity, which can be explained by the magnetic dipolar geometrical factor.\cite{SM1}
$F_{\text{C}}$ is the crystal structure factor due to the atomic displacements of P and Ru atoms. The Sm atoms remain on the same sites without breaking the site symmetry and do not contribute to $F_{\text{C}}$ nor other resonances such as the $E1$-$E2$ mixed processes.
$\bm{F}_{\text{M}}=\bm{m}_1 - \bm{m}_2$ is the magnetic structure factor of the AFM order.
Only the component of $\bm{F}_{\text{M}}$ along $[1 \bar{1} 0]$ contributes to the $\pi$-$\pi'$ intensity.

\begin{figure}[t]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=8cm]{Fig3}
\end{center}
\caption{Two possible models of atomic displacements in the $[\bar{1} 1 1]$ AFM domain for the field applied along $[1 \bar{1} 0]$.
We call the Sm atom with its moment oriented to $[\bar{1} 1 1]$ at zero field as Sm-1 and the other one as Sm-2.
In a magnetic field, a ferromagnetic component $\bm{m}_{\text{F}}$ is induced, resulting in a smaller moment for Sm-1 and a larger moment for Sm-2 ($m_1 < m_2$).
In (a), the P$_{12}$ cage and the Ru cube expand around the small moment site of Sm-1, whereas in (b) they expand around the large moment site of Sm-2. Only the Ru atoms are shown.
}
\label{fig:MagstModel}
\end{figure}

Let us consider the atomic displacements in the $[\bar{1} 1 1]$ AFM domain, which is preferred in a magnetic field applied along the $[1 \bar{1} 0]$ direction.
The two possible cases are shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:MagstModel}.
Our goal is to determine which case is actually realized.
However, it is not possible without the knowledge of the phase factors of $\alpha(\omega)$ as shown below.
If we use the atomic displacement parameters determined in Ref.~\onlinecite{Matsumura16} ($\delta=1.3\times 10^{-4}$ for Ru, $\delta_u=-0.6\times 10^{-4}$ and $\delta_v=1.5\times 10^{-4}$ for P), we have negative $F_{\text{C}}$ for the case (a) ($F_{\text{C}}=-0.331 + 0.0232i$ to be exact) and
the sign reverses for the case (b).
By neglecting the small imaginary part of $F_{\text{C}}$, the data in Fig.~\ref{fig:Escan15KppH110} can be fit by tuning $F_{\text{C}}=-3.27$, $I_{2}\bm{G}_{E2}^{(1)}\cdot\bm{F}_{\text{M}}=2.73$, $I_{1}\bm{G}_{E1}^{(1)}\cdot\bm{F}_{\text{M}}=2.52$, $\phi_2=-2.62$ rad, and $\phi_1=0.92$ rad. Other parameters are $\Delta_2=6.712$ keV, $\Delta_1=6.720$ keV, $\Gamma_2=1.5$ eV, and $\Gamma_1=1.3$ eV.
The calculated curves are shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:Escan15KppH110} by the solid lines.
The negative $F_{\text{C}}$ here means that the P$_{12}$ cage and the Ru cube expand around the small moment site of Sm-1, i.e., the case (a) is realized.
It is noted, however, the same fitting curves are obtained by using $F_{\text{C}}=3.27$, $\phi_2=-2.62+\pi$, and $\phi_1=0.92+\pi$, where both of the signs of $F_{\text{C}}$ and $\alpha(\omega)$ are reversed. This set of parameters gives the opposite conclusion for the case (b).
This is the reason we need to determine the phase of the spectral function by another method.
The data analysis will be performed again after determining $\alpha(\omega)$ by XMCD.

\begin{figure}[t]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=8cm]{Fig4}
\end{center}
\caption{(a) Temperature dependences of the 333 Bragg-diffraction intensity for $\pi$-$\pi'$ at $E=6.712$~keV ($E2$) in magnetic fields of 0 and $\pm 6$~T.
(b) Temperature dependences of the average and difference intensities for the data at $\pm 6$~T and the non-resonant intensity at 6.680~keV measured in the $\pi$-$\pi'$ channel.
(c) Temperature dependences of the intensity at 0 T and the averaged intensity at $\pm 6$~T for $\pi$-$\sigma'$.
 The lines are guides for the eye. }
\label{fig:TdepIntppH110}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[t]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=8cm]{Fig5}
\end{center}
\caption{Temperature dependences of the crystal and magnetic structure factors for $\pi$-$\pi'$ (top) and $\pi$-$\sigma'$ (bottom), which are deduced from the intensity in Fig.~\ref{fig:TdepIntppH110}. The solid lines are guides for the eye. }
\label{fig:TdepFpsFpp110}
\end{figure}
The $T$-dependences of the $\pi$-$\pi'$ and $\pi$-$\sigma'$ intensities at the $E2$ resonance energy at zero field and $\pm 6$~T are shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:TdepIntppH110}.
At zero field, both $\pi$-$\pi'$ and $\pi$-$\sigma'$ intensities  exhibit a normal $T$-dependence of an AFM order.
In magnetic fields, the $\pi$-$\pi'$ scattering exhibits a strong asymmetry with the field reversal in phase II.
The $T$-dependence of the intensity of the non-resonant term is shown as $I_{\text{nr}}$ in Fig.~\ref{fig:TdepIntppH110}(b), which has been measured at 6.680~keV and 6~T. This is proportional to $|F_{\text{C},\pi\pi'}|^2$.
The development of the parallel AFM component on entering phase II is clearly detected as the enhancement of the average intensity $(I_{+} + I_{-})/2$, reflecting $|F_{\text{M},\pi\pi'}|^2$.
The difference in intensity $(I_{+} - I_{-})/2$ shows the $T$-dependent interference effect, which is proportional to $F_{\text{C},\pi\pi'}F_{\text{M},\pi\pi'}$.
In the $\pi$-$\sigma'$ channel, on the other hand, there arise little asymmetry in the field reversal and only the averaged intensity is shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:TdepIntppH110}(c).
It is noted, however, the $\pi$-$\sigma'$ intensity, reflecting the perpendicular AFM component, is suppressed in phase II.
This result consistently shows that the parallel AFM component is enhanced in phase II.
Although these features had been predicted from our first report for $\bm{H}\parallel [001]$, the present results demonstrate the anomalous magnetic state in phase II more clearly.

The $T$-dependences of the crystal and magnetic structure factors deduced from the intensity data are shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:TdepFpsFpp110}, which directly demonstrates the behavior of the order parameters for $\bm{H} \parallel [1 \bar{1} 0]$.
The normal $T$-dependence of the AFM order parameter at zero field changes by applying a magnetic field, forming a field-induced phase below $T_{\text{N}}$.
The parallel AFM component develops as represented by the enhancement of $F_{\text{M},\pi\pi'}$ and by the suppression of $F_{\text{M},\pi\sigma'}$, accompanied by a staggered atomic displacement represented by $F_{\text{C},\pi\pi'}$.
With further decreasing temperature, these features disappear and the normal AFM phase is recovered, where the perpendicular AFM domains dominate.

\subsection{Isotropic ordered state in phase II}
One of the distinctive features of this field-induced phase is its continuous response of the order parameter to the magnetic field, resulting in an isotropic nature.
Figure~\ref{fig:Azi6T333} shows the field-direction (azimuthal angle) dependence of the energy spectrum measured by rotating the sample about the scattering vector (3,~3,~3) in magnetic fields of $\pm 6$~T in phase II at 15~K.
The magnetic field was first set at $+6$~T and the energy scans were carried out with the rotation of the sample, i.e., the field direction was changed by a step of 30$^{\circ}$ in a constant field of $+6$~T.
As clearly demonstrated in Fig.~\ref{fig:Azi6T333}, the energy spectrum does not change with the rotation.
Although $+6$~T at $\psi=180^{\circ}$ is geometrically equivalent to $-6$~T at $\psi=0^{\circ}$, the spectra for these two angles are identical.
In all the way from $\psi=0^{\circ}$ to $180^{\circ}$, the intensity is always enhanced at 6.712~keV ($E2$) and suppressed at 6.720~keV ($E1$).
\begin{figure}[t]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=8.5cm]{Fig6}
\end{center}
\caption{Energy spectrum of the 333 Bragg-diffraction at $\pm 6$~T in phase II measured as a function of the field direction, as represented by the azimuthal angle $\psi$. }
\label{fig:Azi6T333}
\end{figure}

Next, the field was reversed to $-6$~T at $\psi=0^{\circ}$, and the energy scans were carried out with the rotation of the sample to $\psi=180^{\circ}$ by a step of 30$^{\circ}$. In this turn, the intensity is always suppressed at 6.712~keV ($E2$) and enhanced at 6.720~keV ($E1$).
These results show that the relationship between the atomic displacement (local expansion or contraction) and the magnitude of the Sm moment (large or small) along the field direction, which is reversed with the field reversal, does not change with the rotation of the sample in a constant field.

\subsection{Polarized neutron diffraction}
We next study by PND the relationship between the atomic displacement and the magnitude of the Sm moment.
The diffraction intensity for a neutron beam with polarization $\bm{P}$, without analyzing the final polarization, is expressed as
\begin{align}
\Bigl( \frac{{\rm d}\sigma}{{\rm d}\Omega} \Bigr)
&= \bigl| F_{\text{N}} + r_0 \bm{F}_{\text{M}\perp}\cdot\bm{P} \bigr|^2 \,,
\label{eq:IntPND}
\end{align}
where $F_{\text{N}}$ and $\bm{F}_{\text{M}}$ are the nuclear and magnetic structure factors, respectively.
$\bm{F}_{\text{M}\perp}$ represents the component perpendicular to the scattering vector.
Since we already know $F_{\text{N}}$ from the previous x-ray diffraction study.\cite{Matsumura16}
we can directly investigate $\bm{F}_{\text{M}}$ by using the nuclear--magnetic interference term.

\begin{figure}[t]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=8.5cm]{Fig7}
\end{center}
\caption{(a) Intensities and (b) flipping ratios of the 111, 114, and 330 Bragg diffraction of polarized neutrons for up and down spin states in phase II at 5~T $\parallel [1 \bar{1} 0]$ and 14~K.
The background has been subtracted. The flipping ratios are compared with the calculations.
F and AF represent the ferro- and antiferro-magnetic Bragg points, respectively.
}
\label{fig:PNDIntFR}
\end{figure}
Figure~\ref{fig:PNDIntFR}(a) shows the intensities of 111 (antiferromagnetic), 114 (ferromagnetic) and 330 (ferromagnetic) reflections for up and down spin polarizations.
Note that a magnetic field of 5 T is applied upwards along the vertically oriented crystal axis of $[1 \bar{1} 0]$ with the $[110]-[001]$ horizontal scattering plane.
The flipping ratios $I_{\text{up}}/I_{\text{down}}$ are shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:PNDIntFR}(b).
To compare the flipping ratio with the calculation, we simply assume that the Sm moments at the corner (Sm-1) and the center (Sm-2) of the bcc unit cell may be expressed as
$\bm{m}_1=\bm{m}_{\text{F}} +\bm{m}_{\text{AF}}$ and $\bm{m}_2=\bm{m}_{\text{F}} -\bm{m}_{\text{AF}}$, respectively, as shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:MagstModel}.
From the magnetization data at 5~T and 14~K in phase II, we set $\bm{m}_{\text{F}} =(0.0424,-0.0424,0)$ $\mu_{\text{B}}$, which gives a uniform magnetization of $|\bm{m}_{\text{F}}|=0.06$~$\mu_{\text{B}}$.\cite{DKikuchi07}
The calculated flipping ratios for 114 and 330 reflections are consistent with the observation.

\begin{figure}[t]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=7.5cm]{Fig8}
\end{center}
\caption{Temperature dependence of the 111 antiferromagnetic Bragg intensities for up (solid circle) and down (open circle) spin polarizations. The background has been subtracted. The solid and broken lines are guides for the eye. }
\label{fig:PND111Tdep}
\end{figure}

Among the four $\langle 111 \rangle$ AFM domains, those with the moments parallel to the field are selected in phase II.
We therefore set $\bm{m}_{\text{AF}}=(-0.0928,0.0928,0.0928)$~$\mu_{\text{B}}$.
This gives an AF component of $|\bm{m}_{\text{AF}}|=0.16$~$\mu_{\text{B}}$.
This is a reasonable assumption because the ordered moment is estimated to be 0.3~$\mu_{\text{B}}$ at the lowest temperature and the AF magnetic moment at 14~K is estimated from Fig.~\ref{fig:TdepFpsFpp110} to be about half the value at the lowest temperature.\cite{Lee12,Aoki07}
This model gives a smaller moment of $|\bm{m}_1|=0.117$~$\mu_{\text{B}}$ for Sm-1 and a larger moment of $|\bm{m}_2|=0.213$~$\mu_{\text{B}}$ for Sm-2.
By using the atomic displacement parameters obtained in Ref.~\onlinecite{Matsumura16} for $\bm{H}\parallel [110]$, corresponding to the case (a) in Fig.~\ref{fig:MagstModel}, we have the calculated flipping ratio for 111 as shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:PNDIntFR}(b), which well reproduces the experimental observation.

Figure~\ref{fig:PND111Tdep} shows the $T$-dependence of the 111 Bragg intensity for up and down spin polarizations.
We can see that the intensity for up spin becomes higher than that for down spin in phase II because of the appearance of $F_{\text{N}}$ in addition to $F_{\text{M}}$.
As we analyzed above, these data provide a strong piece of evidence that the P$_{12}$ cage and Ru cube expand (contract) around the small (large) moment site of Sm.
However, although these data of PND are direct and have no ambiguity, we must admit that the statistical error bar of the 111 intensity is still large to be conclusive.
It should be confirmed by another method, which will be done later by analyzing the RXD data of Fig.~\ref{fig:Escan15KppH110}.

\subsection{Resonant Soft X-ray Diffraction}
One of the important aims of this study is to directly detect the charge ordering of the $p$-electrons in the $a_{u}$ band consisting of the P$_{12}$ molecular orbitals.
RSXD at the P $K$-edge, which directly observes the $3p$ state via the $1s$--$3p$ transition, is expected to be the best tool.
We also expect that the $p\,$--$f$ hybridization would induce a spin polarization in the $3p$ orbital in the AFM phases II and III, which should be detected as a resonant scattering of magnetic origin.
\begin{figure}[t]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=8.5cm]{Fig9}
\end{center}
\caption{Results of resonant soft x-ray diffraction at the P $K$-edge using a $\pi$-polarized incident beam without analyzing the final polarization.
(a) X-ray energy dependences of the 010 Bragg intensity at 14~K in phase II in magnetic fields applied along the [001] axis. BG represents the background signal due to the fluorescence.
(b) Temperature dependence of the 010 intensity at resonance in magnetic fields of 0 and $\pm 6$~T. The background has been subtracted.
(c) X-ray energy dependences of the 111 Bragg intensity at 9~K in phase III in magnetic fields of 0 and $\pm 6$~T along the $[11\bar{2}]$ axis.
(d) Comparison of the energy spectrum of the 010 and 111 Bragg intensities at 9~K at zero field after background subtraction.}
\label{fig:PKedge}
\end{figure}

Figure~\ref{fig:PKedge}(a) shows the energy spectrum of the 010 Bragg intensity in phase II in magnetic fields along the [001] axis.
The resonant intensity at 2141.8~eV increases with increasing the field. Since we have not analyzed the polarization of the diffracted x-ray, we cannot conclude whether this increase reflect the development of the charge order or the increase in the magnetic $\pi$-$\pi'$ scattering.
The $T$-dependence of this resonant intensity is shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:PKedge}(b).
At zero field where only the AFM order exists, the resonant signal is purely of magnetic origin. The $T$-dependence is exactly the same as the one at the Sm $L_3$-edge.
In magnetic fields, the intensity increases in phase II. It is noted that the intensity is equally enhanced for plus and minus field directions, which is different from the result at the Sm $L_3$-edge.
Although there remains a possibility that this enhanced component is of charge origin (rank-0), or from the modified $p$ orbitals due to the lattice distortion (rank-2, Templeton-Templeton scattering), they both seems to be unlikely. If the resonant charge scattering were the case, it should behave in the same way as the non-resonant Thomson scattering and should interfere with the magnetic scattering, giving rise to the field-reversal asymmetry in intensity. The same should be the case also for the rank-2 scattering.
Therefore, we conclude that the enhanced intensity in phase II reflects the increase in magnetic scattering, i.e., the increase in the $\pi$-$\pi'$ scattering due to the enhancement of the parallel AFM component.

The observation of the magnetic scattering in the P $K$-edge RSXD at a forbidden Bragg point directly shows that the P$_{12}$ molecular orbitals are spin polarized in a staggered manner.
This is a direct evidence for the $p\,$--$f$ hybridization, which has been considered as being essential for the ordering phenomena in SmRu$_4$P$_{12}$.

There are some points that should be remarked.
First, the non-resonant Thomson scattering was not detected in RSXD.
Although the reason is unclear, this must be the reason we did not observe the field-reversal asymmetry.
Judging from the intensity observed in the Sm $L_3$-edge experiment, the non-resonant Thomson scattering should have been detected above the background level.
Some surface effect, or the difference in the penetration depth, might be associated with.
Second, the resonant intensity is much smaller than that of PrRu$_4$P$_{12}$, where the background intensity from the fluorescence is negligibly smaller than the signals of non-resonant Thomson and resonant scatterings.\cite{Nakao18,Nakao20}
In PrRu$_4$P$_{12}$, the resonant signal was attributed mostly to the modified $p$-band by the staggered structural distortion.
The signal truly reflecting the $p\,$--$f$ hybridized state was considered to be much weaker.
In this respect, here in SmRu$_4$P$_{12}$, where the non-resonant Thomson scattering was not detected, the resonant signal would be attributed to the spin polarized $p$-state through the $p\,$--$f$ hybridization.
Finally, in the RSXD experiment performed at the Ru $L_3$-edge around 2840 eV ($2p_{3/2}\leftrightarrow 4d$), no signal was detected, indicating that the spin polarization of the $4d$-band through $d\,$--$f$ hybridization is weak, not playing a major role in the ordering phenomenon in SmRu$_4$P$_{12}$.

Figure~\ref{fig:PKedge}(c) shows the energy spectrum of the 111 Bragg intensity in phase III at the lowest temperature of 9~K.
The intensity does not change by applying a magnetic field. This can be understood by considering that we do not analyze the final polarization, i.e., the $\pi$-$\pi'$ intensity decreases whereas the $\pi$-$\sigma'$ intensity increases due to the change in the domain population.
Another important feature is that the resonant spectrum is apparently different from that of the 010 reflection.
The resonant peak for 111 is wider than that for 010 and has a side peak at 2142.8~eV.
The difference in the energy spectrum is shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:PKedge}(d).
This anisotropy is also observed in PrRu$_4$P$_{12}$ and is attributed to the anisotropic $3p$ state of the P$_{12}$ molecular orbital.\cite{Nakao20}

\subsection{Determination of the magnetic spectral function}
In order to deduce the relationship between $F_{\text{C}}$ and $F_{\text{M}}$ from the results of RXD, we need to determine the resonant spectral function $\alpha(\omega)$ for the magnetic dipole moment, i.e., the rank-1 spectral functions of $\alpha_{E2}^{(1)}(\omega)$ and $\alpha_{E1}^{(1)}(\omega)$.
For this purpose, we have performed an XMCD measurement.
As described in the Appendix, XAS and XMCD spectra are directly associated with the electric charge (rank-0) and magnetic dipolar (rank-1) spectral functions, respectively.
Figure~\ref{fig:MCDfm}(a) shows the XMCD and XAS spectra at 15~K and 7~T in phase II.\cite{SM_L2}
The XMCD spectrum, especially around the $E2$ resonance at 6.712~keV, is similar to those of other trivalent Sm compounds such as Sm$_2$Fe$_{14}$B, SmFe$_2$, and SmAl$_2$, indicating that the $E2$ transition ($2p\leftrightarrow 4f$) reflects mostly the atomic nature of Sm$^{3+}$.\cite{Parlebas06}
The spectrum around the $E1$ resonance at 6.720~keV is similar to that of Sm$_2$Fe$_{14}$B, but is slightly different from those of SmFe$_2$ and SmAl$_2$.
This would be because the $E1$ transition ($2p\leftrightarrow 5d$) is affected by the hybridization of the Sm-$5d$ with the surrounding orbitals.\cite{Harada04}
\begin{figure}[t]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=8cm]{Fig10}
\end{center}
\caption{(a) XMCD (filled circles) and XAS (dashed line) of SmRu$_4$P$_{12}$ at 15 K and 7 T in phase II around the Sm $L_3$-edge.  (b) Real and imaginary parts of the magnetic dipolar spectral function $f_{\text{m}}(\omega)$ in an arbitrary unit.
Solid lines are the fits using Eq.~(\ref{eq:specfunc}).}
\label{fig:MCDfm}
\end{figure}

From the XAS and XMCD spectra, we directly obtain the imaginary part $f''_{\text{m}}(\omega)$ by using (\ref{eq:A-13}).
The real part $f'_{\text{m}}(\omega)$ is obtained by the Kramers-Kronig transformation.
$f'_{\text{m}}(\omega)$ and $f''_{\text{m}}(\omega)$ thus obtained are shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:MCDfm}(b).
To use these spectral functions in the analysis of the RXD data in Fig.~\ref{fig:Escan15KppH110}, we fit $f_{\text{m}}(\omega)$ by the following Lorentzian function:
\begin{align}
f_{\text{m}}(\omega) &= \alpha_{E2}^{(1)}(\omega) + \alpha_{E1}^{(1)}(\omega) \nonumber \\
&= \frac{I_2 \Gamma_2 e^{i\phi_2}}{\hbar\omega - \Delta_2 + i\Gamma_2}
+ \frac{ I_1 \Gamma_1 e^{i\phi_1}}{\hbar\omega - \Delta_1 + i\Gamma_1} \,.
\label{eq:specfunc}
\end{align}
The fitted curves for $f'_{\text{m}}(\omega)$ and $f''_{\text{m}}(\omega)$ are shown by the solid lines in Fig.~\ref{fig:MCDfm}(b).
The phase parameters obtained are $\phi_2=-2.67$ rad and $\phi_1=0.61$ rad, which are close to the values we first tried in Sec.~III-B and not the ones shifted by $\pi$ rad.

Using these parameters, we analyzed again the energy spectrum of RXD using Eq.~(\ref{eq:IntRXD}), the result of which is shown by the solid lines in Fig.~\ref{fig:Escan15KppH110}.
The parameters obtained are $F_{\text{C}}=9.86(-0.331 + 0.0232i)$, using the exact phase for the case of local expansion around Sm-1, $I_{2}\bm{G}_{E2}^{(1)}\cdot\bm{F}_{\text{M}}=2.66$ and $I_{1}\bm{G}_{E1}^{(1)}\cdot\bm{F}_{\text{M}}=2.56$.
We can now conclude that the case~(a) in Fig.~\ref{fig:MagstModel} is realized,
i.e., the P$_{12}$ cage and the Ru cube expand (contract) around the small moment site of Sm where the AFM moment is antiparallel to the applied field.
This is the same result as the one obtained from PND.
Energy dependences of the 111, 223, 221, and 225 Bragg reflections, which have different structure factors of $F_{\text{C}}$, are also explained consistently.\cite{SM_111}
Therefore, the results of PND and RXD now complementarily give conclusive evidence on the relationship between the atomic displacement and the magnitude of the Sm moment, which is shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:FigMagst}.

\begin{figure}[t]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=8cm]{Fig11}
\end{center}
\caption{(a) A model structure representing the relationship between the atomic displacements and the magnetic moments of Sm ions in magnetic fields applied along [110] in phase II. The surrounding cage of P$_{12}$ and Ru expand (contract) around the small (large) moment site of Sm-1 (Sm-2) where the AFM moment has an antiparallel (parallel) component along the applied field.
(b) The AFM ordered state at zero field with equal moments at Sm-1 and Sm-2 and equal volumes of the surrounding cage.
(c) The same as (a), but for the reversed field direction. The magnetic moment of Sm-1 becomes larger than that of Sm-2.
(d), (e), (f) Schematic of the charge density of the $p$ electrons, which is represented by the size of the circle, and the electronic state of the $f$ electrons, corresponding to the situation of (a), (b), (c), respectively.
The indices of 7 and 8 represent the $\Gamma_7$-like and $\Gamma_8$-like states, respectively.
}
\label{fig:FigMagst}
\end{figure}

When the field direction is reversed from $[110]$ to $[\bar{1}\bar{1}0]$, the magnetic moment of Sm-1 becomes larger and that of Sm-2 becomes smaller as shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:FigMagst}(c) because they have parallel and antiparallel components along the field, respectively.
It is noted that the magnetic structure factor $\bm{F}_{\text{M}}=\bm{m}_1 - \bm{m}_2$ does not change by the field reversal.
However, since the local lattice distortion follow the change in the $4f$ and $p$ states, the cage of P$_{12}$ and Ru contract around Sm-1 and expand around Sm-2, which results in the change in the sign of $F_{\text{C}}$.
This is the reason why the interference changes by reversing the field direction.
On the other hand, when we rotate the crystal in a constant field, the interference does not change as described in Sec.~III-C.
In Fig.~\ref{fig:FigMagst}(a), the large (small) moment of Sm-2 (Sm-1) keeps being oriented parallel (antiparallel) to the field throughout the rotation without changing its magnitude and the local volume of the surrounding cage.
Thus, the relation between the magnetic moment and the lattice does not change.

\section{Discussion}
\subsection{The relation among the order parameters}
We have concluded that the P$_{12}$ cage and the Ru cube contract (expand) around the large (small) moment site of Sm.
Intriguingly, this relation is opposite to the cases in PrRu$_4$P$_{12}$ and PrFe$_4$P$_{12}$.\cite{Iwasa05b,Iwasa12}
Although it is difficult to give a clear explanation at the present stage, let us discuss this difference.
In SmRu$_4$P$_{12}$ with $f^5$ ($J=5/2$) configuration, the $\Gamma_7$ doublet has a strong hybridization with the $a_u$ conduction band of the P$_{12}$ molecular orbitals.\cite{Shiina13}
Consequently, when the staggered ordering of the CF states takes place without breaking the local symmetry, the Sm ion with the $\Gamma_7$-like ground state has larger magnetic moment than that with the $\Gamma_8$-like ground state.
In contrast, in PrRu$_4$P$_{12}$, the nonmagnetic $\Gamma_1$ orbital has much stronger hybridization with the $a_u$ band than the magnetic $\Gamma_4^{(2)}$ orbital.\cite{Shiina10}
That is, the CF state that has strong hybridization with the $a_u$ band has opposite magnetic character between Sm and Pr skutterudites.

What is common in the charge ordered states in SmRu$_4$P$_{12}$ and PrRu$_4$P$_{12}$ is that the local volume of the P$_{12}$ cage and the Ru cube contracts at the rare-earth site with the ground state orbital possessing strong $p\,$--$f$ hybridization.
According to a theoretical model for SmRu$_4$P$_{12}$, the $\Gamma_7$-like Sm sites with larger moments are expected to attract more $p$-electrons.\cite{Shiina16}
This situation is schematically illustrated in Figs.~\ref{fig:FigMagst}(d) and (f).
It is noted, however, the atomic displacements are secondary effects in response to the primary orderings of the charge density and the CF states. It is difficult to associate the atomic displacements with the primary order parameters in a straightforward manner without taking into account the total electronic energy involved in this change.
If we simplistically consider only the $a_u$ molecular orbital, which has a relatively anti-bonding character, the increase in the charge density should lead to the expansion of the cage, which is opposite to our expectation.
Here, it is useful to refer to a result of band calculation for PrRu$_4$P$_{12}$ taking into account the staggered displacement of the P atoms.\cite{Harima03}
According to the calculation, the total number of electrons increase (including all the orbitals other than $a_u$) on the P atoms of the cage that contracts around Pr-2 at $(0.5, 0.5, 0.5)$.\cite{Harima20}
This seems to be consistent with the picture of Figs.~\ref{fig:FigMagst}(d) and (f).
In any case, although we have observed the spin polarization in the $p$ orbital by RSXD, we have no experimental evidence on the charge density.
In future, it should be challenged to observe the difference in the charge densities of the two P$_{12}$ cages, which is estimated to be $\sim$1/100, i.e., the ratio of the energy scale of the charge order ($\sim$100 K) to the band width ($\sim$1 eV).
It should also be challenged to observe the staggered ordering of the CF states of the two Sm sites that develops with increasing the magnetic field.

When the field direction is reversed, the atomic displacements and the magnitude of the Sm moments are also reversed by conserving the relationship among them.
This means that the order parameters are linearly and continuously modified by the applied field, which leads to the continuous modification of the ordered state in phase II when the sample is rotated and the field direction is changed.
This must be basically the same phenomenon as the one observed in PrFe$_4$P$_{12}$ at low magnetic fields in the unusual nonmagnetic ordered phase where parallel AFM is always induced for any field dlrection.~\cite{JKikuchi07,Sakai07}

\subsection{Phase II to III transition}
The transition from phase II to III is relatively broad for $\bm{H} \parallel [100]$.\cite{Matsumura14}
However, in the present experiment for $\bm{H} \parallel [110]$, the transition is sharp as we can see in Fig.~\ref{fig:TdepFpsFpp110}.
This is also the case for $\bm{H} \parallel [112]$.\cite{SM2}
This result is consistent with the sharp anomaly observed in the recent specific-heat measurement for $\bm{H} \parallel [111]$ and [110].\cite{Fushiya16}
This anisotropy in the transition is considered to be related with the domain distribution.
For $\bm{H} \parallel [100]$, the four domains with the AFM moments oriented along [111], $[1\bar{1}1]$, $[\bar{1}11]$, and $[\bar{1}\bar{1}1]$ are equivalent both in phase II and III.
Domain population does not change by the transition between phase II and III.
The change in the magnetic moment is expected to be small and the phase transition looks like a crossover.

In contrast, for $\bm{H} \parallel [110]$ or $[112]$, as reported in Ref.~\onlinecite{Matsumura16}, different domains are selected in phases II and III.
In phase III, the AFM moments prefer to be perpendicular to the field, whereas in phase II they prefer to be parallel to the field. Therefore, for $\bm{H} \parallel [110]$, the [111] and $[\bar{1}\bar{1}1]$ domains are selected in phase II, and change to $[\bar{1}11]$ and $[1\bar{1}1]$ domains in phase III.
Since the change in the direction of the ordered moments accompany changes in the $f$-electron state, the phase transition for $\bm{H} \parallel [110]$ is expected to experience a large change in entropy, leading to a sharp anomaly in the order parameters.

\section{Summary}
We have performed resonant x-ray diffraction (RXD) to clarify the nature of the field-induced charge ordered phase (phase II) of SmRu$_4$P$_{12}$, especially to clarify the relationship between the magnitudes of the Sm moments and the atomic displacements of P and Ru surrounding the Sm atom.
The P$_{12}$ cage and the Ru cube contract (expand) around the large (small) moment site of Sm.
X-ray magnetic circular dichroism was utilized to determine the rank-1 spectral function for the magnetic dipole moment, with which we concluded the above relation from RXD by analyzing the interference between the Thomson scattering from the atomic displacements and the resonant scattering from the AFM order.
We also performed a flipping-ratio measurement in polarized neutron diffraction to obtain complementary and unambiguous conclusion.
Based on this result, we discussed the details of the orbital dependent $p\,$--$f$ hybridization responsible for this intriguing phase transition. It is remarked that this relation is opposite to the cases in PrRu$_4$P$_{12}$ and PrFe$_4$P$_{12}$.

Isotropic and continuous nature of phase II was demonstrated by showing that the interference spectrum of RXD is invariant to the field direction.
In phase II, a magnetic domain is always selected so that the AFM component becomes parallel to the applied field and gives rise to large and small moments, which is associated with the formation of the staggered ordering of the $\Gamma_7$-like and $\Gamma_8$-like CF states.

In resonant soft x-ray diffraction (RSXD) at the P $K$-edge ($1s\leftrightarrow 3p$), we detected a resonance due to the spin polarized $3p$ orbitals reflecting the AFM order of Sm. We could not observe resonance, on the other hand, at energies around the Ru $L_3$-edge ($2p\leftrightarrow 4d$).
This result shows that the $p\,$--$f$ hybridization indeed plays more important role than the $d\,$--$f$ hybridization in the exchange interaction in SmRu$_4$P$_{12}$.
The charge order of the $p$ electrons in the P$_{12}$ molecular orbitals was not detected by RSXD probably because the modulation in the charge density was too small to be detected.

\acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge valuable discussions with R. Shiina and H. Harima.
This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers JP20102005 (Heavy Electrons), JP15K05175, JP15H05885 (J-Physics), JP17K05130, JP17H05209, JP18H01182, JP18K18737, and JP20H01854.
The synchrotron radiation experiments at SPring-8 were performed under Proposal Nos. 2015A3711 (BL22XU) and 2019B1247 (BL39XU).
The synchrotron radiation experiments at KEK was performed under the approval of the Photon Factory Program Advisory Committee (Proposal Nos. 2012S2-005, 2017PF-BL-19B, and 2017G553).
The neutron scattering experiment at ORNL was supported by the U.S.--Japan Cooperative Program on Neutron Scattering.
This research used resource at the High Flux Isotope Reactor, a DOE Office of Science User Facility operated by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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Common Sense and Tax Reform – by CA Assemblywoman Melissa Melendez
Melissa Melendez 09/12/2017 09/15/2017
"I love America, but I can't spend the whole year here. I can't afford the taxes." – Mick Jagger.
That's how so many Americans feel, that they just can't afford the taxes. But most of us don't have the luxury of simply living part time in another country to avoid paying excessive tax rates.
The argument about which model for taxation is best is as varied as choices of boxed cereal. Some want to tax the wealthy more. Some want to hand out more tax exemptions. Some want no taxation, and some argue a flat tax is the best approach for all. I tend to agree with the latter.
Nevertheless, the conversation on how/if we should be taxed is often overshadowed by who is doing the talking. When the left speaks of taxes, it goes something like this: "No tax cuts for the rich! The wealthy aren't paying their fair share!" Never mind the fact that this is complete and utter nonsense, the wealthy pay their fair share of taxes and then some.
The difference between the average worker and the wealthy, with respect to paying taxes, is that the wealthy can put their money into tax-exempt securities to avoid paying higher taxes. The average man or woman has no such option because they need most of their paycheck to go toward paying the bills. And while unlike the wealthy, the lower wage worker gets most if not all of their money back at the end of the year in the form of a tax refund, that doesn't really help them when the car payment is due now.
Raising tax rates on the wealthy might seem fair to some. It might even seem like the most efficient way to raise revenue without hurting the poor. But the fact is the wealthy can afford tax accountants who know how to keep their clients' money out of the hands of the government.
And who can blame them? Everyone would rather keep the money they work for rather than hand it over to the government to waste on things like the study the National Science Foundation conducted on why politics stresses us out. Thousands of tax dollars were spent to study something that I could have told them for free: we are stressed out about the government spending our money in ways we find wasteful, like, for instance, your study of why we're stressed out.
It's pretty simple. We know that when you raise taxes, less money is floating around in the private economy, because we have less of it to spend.
Those on the right have all sorts of ideas about taxation too, largely in the form of exemptions and cuts, and there appears to be no agreement on that side as to the best path forward either.
I'll use the example of my own children to show how the maturity level of too many politicians on taxes is on par with 9 year olds.
Our 2 youngest boys, at the ages of 9 and 10, wanted to make some money. Too young to get a "real job", they opted to sell lemonade. We discussed the start-up costs associated with this childhood classic, going as far as looking the prices up online and calculating the initial cost.
What they didn't factor in were taxes. They looked in shock at the cashier when she told them their total. It was more than they brought with them, because they didn't realize the government wanted a slice of their pie. Our youngest son rejected the notion that he should pay "extra" for his supplies, and said "But I'm just a kid, I don't even make a lot of money! It's not fair!"
He learned a valuable lesson that day, grudgingly to be sure as he was relentless in explaining the whole way home why the government should keep their "big fat stupid hands off his money". But his reaction is not so unlike that of many when they get their paycheck.
Wouldn't it be nice if the government stopped tipping the taxation scales to favor one group over another, and did something that accomplishes the task of raising enough revenue to pay only for the things for which government is responsible, while ensuring the rest of us keep more of the money we earn?
With all the tinkering around with tax rates over the years, we still have yet to reach consensus on what is best for the country. But we do know that Americans are sick and tired of being taxed to death. And the proof lies in the results of our latest Presidential election. Now that we have a new President, we must insist that the same old tactics are not employed. No more class warfare, no more redistributing wealth, no more taxing success and subsidizing failure.
It's time to make reforming the tax code in a way that benefits all, not just some, a reality.
Tamara Friday says:
Good one Ms Melendez! I've been wondering about the effects of flat tax?
Seems fair and could get politicians out of our pocket, but would it control all these special interests? Thanks for your diligent service! Tamara Friday from upland!
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Cerebral palsy and specialist neuro physiotherapy - heads up!
7th October 2015 by Headsup Neurological Physiotherapy Ltd.
Cerebral palsy is an umbrella term to describe neurological damage that happens before birth or in the first few years of life. There are an enormous variety of ways in which people are affected. The range of difficulties with which people with cerebral palsy live is dependent upon many different and inter-related factors. The location and extent of any damage is extremely influential.
Movement experiences in childhood and adolescence will shape how people move and balance. This is true in everybody, not just people with cerebral palsy. Control of movement may be challenging for people with cerebral palsy and there is often difficulty generating appropriate force in certain muscles. For example, people with diplegia, which affects mainly the legs, often have stiffness and weakness so that an over-reliance on the arms for support and mobility develops to compensate.
Weakness in the legs can also be associated with an exaggerated use of the muscles in the lower back to produce stability in the body. This, over time, may lead to back ache and at heads up! we often see people with discomfort or pain in their back secondary to problems controlling their legs.
Understanding the particular issues each individual has is an important place to start. Dealing with the problem is best done by addressing the cause and making the body as stable and strong as it can be. Cerebral palsy is often a complex condition, working with professionals who have appropriate expertise and experience to identify cause and effect is vital to achieve and address the challenges of the condition effectively.
At heads up! we treat a number of patients with cerebral palsy. We provide support, advice and create tailor-made neurological physiotherapy treatment programmes to minimise abnormal patterns of movement to re-align and activate appropriate muscles.
Get in touch to talk to a physiotherapist and find out how we can help you, a family member or friend and keep in touch with our latest news by following us on Twitter.


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On an unseasonably warm Oc tober morning, many of the team and volunteers met up in George square, to take part in the Glasgow 10K road race, alongside thousands of other participants. A supreme effort was madeby all the members, all of whom completed the course to receive their medals, and in particular Ciaran who managed the whole course in his rugby chair virtually unaided. All donations were made through the virgingiving page and although we were interview we didn't make it on TV, the extent of our television exposure was a fleeting glimpse of Ciaran's rear wheel on the early evening news, maybe next year.


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Man in Saudi Arabia Arrested After Promising To Attack Women Drivers
He threatened to "burn" any woman whose car broke down.
By Kyle Cheromcha September 29, 2017
Kyle Cheromcha View Kyle Cheromcha's Articles
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Saudi Arabia took a huge step forward this week when it moved to end its notorious and longstanding prohibition on women driving. But it seems not everyone is ready to let go of the past—according to Reuters, a Saudi man has been arrested after posting a video in which he threatened to attack any woman taking advantage of their newfound freedom behind the wheel.
To be sure, a profound shift like this is bound to garner some negative reactions in an ultraconservative patriarchal society ruled by Wahabis. But the online video showing a man wearing traditional robes and swearing to God that he'd "burn" any woman whose car broke down sparked an even stronger government response. Citing Saudi media, Reuters reports the man was tracked to the country's Eastern Province and his arrest was ordered by the regional governor.
Perhaps in an effort to head off these kinds of incidents, the Saudi government is also working on its first explicit anti-harassment law ahead of the June 2018 start date for women drivers. As The New York Times points out, the collision between this new driving policy and the country's strict gender segregation rules means men will be interacting with women on a stage they've never shared before. Between the harassment law and a plan to retrain police officers, it appears Saudi Arabia is making an attempt to limit the chances of any ugly behavior on the roads.
Now let's just hope the Royal Family shares some of their cool cars, too.
Saudi Arabia Will Finally Allow Women To Drive
The last country in the world to prohibit women from driving will allow them to in June 2018.
This Totally Over The Top Saudi Security Forces Demonstration Is Laughably Awesome
Flying kicks, backflips, and explosions oh my!
Video Of Saudi Frigate Attack Released As Ballistic Missile Hits Near Riyadh
In recent days, Houthi rebels in western Yemen have taken the fight to Saudi Arabia on an unprecedented level. Now The Kingdom's seat of power may be at risk of ballistic missile attack.
A Saudi Prince Bought the First Bugatti Chiron and the Vision Gran Turismo
In case you need another reason to be jealous of royalty.
Saudi Arabia Just Invested $3.5 Billion in Uber
Deal marks the largest single investment in the ride-sharing company yet.


And he's done a lot for me. But I think that was kind of just to hype the game. Retrieved April 26, One photograph showed a small bruise on the accuser's left jaw; the others were of what the prosecution said were vaginal injuries from the assault. I can't finish my career with people saying that.
I don't know why anybody else would want to change — other than selfish reasons.


I love her style so much!
This was the team from cool new mag 1883 who were shooting interviews. I managed to nab a copy which someone had abandoned on one of the tables - it's really good!
Check out this guy with his pose matching the model behind him! What do you reckon? The next male supermodel?
First thing's first. I wasn't invited. I know, shock horror! But just because nobody wants you in the shows doesn't exclude you from just hanging around Somerset House, having a macchiato, leafing through The Daily and people-watching. I often see articles about fashion events with the subtitle 'An Insider's View', but these photos are just the opposite: 'An Outsider's View'.
I saw so many stylish, beautiful people, some in outfits I didn't really understand and just two rather confused looking women in late middle-age, who seemed like they'd just been looking for somewhere to have a nice cup of tea. Today was especially for menswear so there was an excess of dashing, well-dressed guys around but I'm saving the photos of them for tomorrow when I'll do a special 'Stylish Men' feature.
Seeing Fashion Week up close, but not really personal, has re-inspired my desire to work in fashion. They say you should set yourself high targets to make you work harder for things, so here's my target: I'll be back to LFW within two years, and next time, I'll have an invite.
Your photographs are really impressive. You really captured the atmosphere!


Suspicious and dangerous accidents were happening. People were dying, including the private eye I had been sent to replace. I didn't like it. But hey, that's what I'm hired to do. I deal daily with murder and mayhem. The real problem was when I had to go undercover and UNCOVERED in a nudist camp, or as they called themselves "naturalist." Now, don't get me wrong, I have nothing against naked, especially when it comes in the form of one gorgeous blond tomato, but how did they expect me to protect anyone, when I have nowhere to conceal my gun?