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"La tempestad" (o La tempestad de nieve) (, Metél' ) es el segundo de cinco cuentos cortos que conforman Los cuentos de Ivan Petrovich Belkin de Aleksandr Pushkin. El manuscrito del cuento fue originalmente terminado de escribir el 20 de octubre de 1830. Inicialmente iba a ser el último de Los cuentos de Ivan Petrovich Belkin a ser publicado, pero Pushkin decidió desplazar la historia al comienzo del volumen. La novela, tan cómica y a la vez tan dramática, es considerada una de las obras de arte de la literatura rusa.

Trama

El cuento trata sobre la relación romántica de una joven dama aristócrata llamada Maria Gavrilovna (Gavrilovna es un patronímico, no un apellido), su amado y las coincidencias inusuales que los acompañan. Lo siguiente esta copiado del programa de Ledbetter (ver bibliografía):

En 1811, una joven de diecisiete años, llamada Maria Gavrilovna, se enamora de un joven oficial, Vladimir Nikolayevich. Sus padres desaprueban la relación, que continúa hasta el invierno mediante la correspondencia. Finalmente deciden fugarse, casarse rápidamente y luego arrojarse a los pies de sus padres para pedir perdón (confiados en que un matrimonio celebrado en la Iglesia Ortodoxa Rusa sería considerado eterno e inquebrantable).

El plan era que Maria Gavrilovna se escapara en medio de una noche de invierno y tomara un trineo hasta la iglesia de un pueblo lejano, donde su amor la encontraría para la boda. En la noche en cuestión, una tormenta de nieve se desata, pero la joven logró hacer todo lo que había prometido y llegar a la iglesia. Su amante, por otro lado, conduciendo solo hacia la cita, se perdió en la oscuridad y la tormenta, llegando a la iglesia muchas horas tarde y no encontró a nadie allí.

A la mañana siguiente, Masha estaba una vez más en casa, pero muy enferma. En un delirio febril, dijo lo suficiente para dejar claro a su madre que estaba perdidamente enamorada del joven oficial. Sus padres, decidiendo que se trataba de un amor predestinado, dieron su permiso para una boda. Pero cuando escribieron para informar al oficial de este hecho, su respuesta fue casi incoherente. Les pidió perdón e insistió en que su única esperanza era la muerte. Se reincorporó al ejército (era ahora el año fatal de 1812, cuando Napoleón hizo su famoso ataque contra Rusia), fue herido en la batalla de Borodino y murió.

Mientras tanto, el padre de Masha murió, dejándola como la joven más rica de su región. Los pretendientes presionaron por su mano, pero ella se negó a aceptar a nadie. Parecía vivir solo por el recuerdo de su amor perdido.

Finalmente, sin embargo, conoció a un coronel herido de los húsares, Burmin, que estaba visitando la propiedad cerca de la suya. Burmin era un hombre apuesto que alguna vez tuvo la reputación de ser un libertino notorio, pero que ahora era a la vez tranquilo y modesto en su personalidad. Los dos desarrollaron una cálida amistad, y quedó muy claro que él era tan comedido que nunca le hizo ninguna declaración de amor o propuesta formal. Masha arregló intencionalmente una situación en la que podrían hablar libremente sin nadie más cerca. Finalmente rompe su silencio: la ama apasionadamente pero no puede esperar ninguna felicidad con ella porque ya está casado, lleva cuatro años casado con una mujer a la que no conoce y a la que no puede esperar volver a ver nunca más.

Para la asombrada Masha, le explica que, en el invierno de 1812, estaba tratando de reunirse con su regimiento, cuando se produjo una terrible tormenta de nieve. Viajando en una troika con un guía, se perdieron en un país desconocido. Al ver una luz en la distancia, se dirigieron hacia ella y se encontraron en la iglesia de una aldea donde la gente gritaba "¡Por aquí!" Cuando se detuvo en la iglesia, le dijeron que la novia se había desmayado y que el sacerdote no sabía qué hacer. Cuando vieron al joven soldado, le preguntaron si estaba listo para continuar. Burmin, el joven libertino, notó el atractivo de la novia y decidió gastar una broma al seguir adelante con la ceremonia. La iglesia estaba a oscuras, iluminada solo por unas pocas velas, y todos en ella eran poco más que una sombra. Cuando, al final, le dijeron que besara a su novia, ella se dio cuenta de que no era su intención y se desmayó. Mientras los testigos lo miraban con horror, salió corriendo y se fue.

Le explica a Masha que estaba tan perdido que aún no sabe el nombre de la aldea donde se casó ni quién podría haber sido la novia. Cuando termina la historia, Maria Gavrilovna toma la mano del hombre al que ha llegado a amar y se identifica como la novia perdida.

Estilo
Pushkin usa su historia para enhebrar una parodia sobre los temas clásicos de motivación gótica que aparecen en Lenore (balada) y la balada de Vasili Zhukovski, "Svetlana". En ambas baladas, el amante solo puede soñar e 'imaginar' la vida con su amante fallecido. Pushkin juega con esta idea presentando la misma situación para Marya; sin embargo, debido a un caso de circunstancias fortuitas e imprevistas, Marya está casada con su amante vivo. Pushkin imita el estilo de estas baladas, pero lo crea a través de una serie de circunstancias realistas.

Temas

Héroe
En Los cuentos del difunto Ivan Petrovich Belkin, Pushkin utiliza una variedad de pretendientes caballeros estereotipados como el héroe de los cuentos. Bumin actúa como el héroe en este cuento. Su criminal salvaje y límite al casarse con una novia desconocida en la iglesia finalmente lo llevó a casarse con la mujer de sus sueños.

Antihéroe
Vladimir es el contador o antihéroe de la historia. Siendo un pequeño propietario de tierras, es demasiado pobre para perseguir abiertamente la mano de Masha en matrimonio. Los planes de matrimonio de Vladimir se detuvieron por circunstancias desafortunadas (la tormenta de nieve, heridas fatales durante la guerra). Sin embargo, los mismos eventos desafortunados son los que le otorgan a Burmin la capacidad de liderar un noviazgo exitoso con María.

Estructura
Más del setenta por ciento de las oraciones dentro de la historia incluyen segmentos de oraciones simples cortadas por un punto y coma. La trama de la historia se puede dividir en 13 partes únicas:
Se presentan los dos amantes, junto con su situación y planes para casarse
María hace sus preparativos para irse y pasar sus últimos momentos en casa
Vladimir se va y parte a través de la tormenta de nieve hacia la iglesia
María se enferma en su casa y profesa su amor a sus padres
Vladimir se niega a entrar en la casa de María y se alista en el ejército
El estado de las heridas y la muerte de María y Vladimir en la Batalla de Borodinó
Muerte del padre de Masha y su partida a una nueva propiedad
Describe la fe de María a la memoria de su amante muerto
Una degresión al estado actual de las cosas en Rusia
Llega Burmin y se establecen los sentimientos entre Masha y Burmin
Declaración de amor de Burmin
El papel de Burmin en los eventos que ocurrieron durante la ventisca cuando se suponía que Masha y Vladimir debían fugarse
Breve explicación de eventos

Adaptaciones

Película
La historia fue convertida en película por el director Vladimir Basov. La banda sonora de la película fue escrita por Gueorgui Svirídov, quien luego modificó la banda sonora en una suite musical del mismo nombre.

Musical
La suite de Gueorgui Svirídov ("ilustraciones musicales de la historia de Aleksandr Pushkin"), aunque en su mayoría desconocida en América, es muy popular en Rusia. Según la banda sonora que escribió para la película de Basov, los movimientos de la suite son:
Troika
Vals
Primavera - Otoño
Romance
Pastoral
Pequeña marcha militar
Boda
Eco del vals
Final

Referencias

Bibliografía
Bethea, David M., and Sergei Davydov. "Pushkin's Saturnine Cupid: The Poetics of Parody in the Tales of Belkin". PMLA 96.1 (1981): 9-10. Web.
Debreczeny, Paul. The Other Pushkin: A Study of Alexander Pushkin's Prose Fiction. Stanford, CA: Stanford UP, 1983. 80 & 94. Print.
Gregg, Richard. "A Scapegoat for All Seasons: The Unity and the Shape of the Tales of Belkin". Slavic Review 30.4 (1971): 749–751. Web.
Ledbetter, Steven: Program Notes for concert by MIT Symphony Orchestra, 9 Dec. 2005.
Ward, Dennis. "The Structure of Pushkin's 'tales of Belkin'". The Slavonic and East European Review 33.81 (1955): 520-521. Web.

Enlaces externos
Texto Paralelo Ruso-Inglés de la Novela en Formato Libro Paralelo
La Estructura de 'Cuentos de Belkin' de Pushkin
El Cupido Saturnino de Pushkin: La Poética de la Parodia en Los Cuentos de Belkin
El Otro Pushkin: Un Estudio de la Ficción en Prosa de Alexander Pushkin
Un Chivo Expiatorio Para Todas las Estaciones: La Unidad y la Forma de las Historias de Belkin

Cuentos de Aleksandr Pushkin
Cuentos de 1830

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Saskatoon Health Region believes in the importance of honoring your choices. A Resuscitation Plan or an advance care directive can guide resuscitation decisions for individuals at hospitals or long term care. If your heart or breathing stops we want to be able to provide the care that you need and want.
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PORT-AU-PRINCE, Nov 4 (Reuters) - Tropical Storm Tomas approached Haiti on Thursday, dumping rain on fragile, crowded earthquake survivors' camps in the poor Caribbean country, which is also reeling from a deadly cholera epidemic.
Tomas was expected to pass close to Haiti on Thursday night, carrying the threat for the largely deforested land of gusting winds, surging waves and torrential rains of up to 10 or 15 inches (25 or 38 cm) in some areas.
The U.S. National Hurricane Center said Tomas, which was packing top sustained winds of 50 miles per hour (85 kph), could be near or at hurricane strength — 74 miles per hour (119 kph) — as its center passes Haiti. Jamaica and eastern Cuba were also likely to feel its effects.
Haitian President Rene Preval went on national radio to urge citizens to take precautions and follow evacuation recommendations. "Protect your lives," he said.
About 1.3 million survivors of the Jan. 12 quake in Haiti that killed more than a quarter of a million people in the Western Hemisphere's poorest nation are still living in hundreds of makeshift tent camps crammed into open spaces in the wrecked capital Port-au-Prince.
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^> Some camp residents were able to seek refuge with friends or family in more secure structures, but most huddled under their tent and tarpaulin homes as light rain fell.
"We have heard that there will be a storm but we don't know much about it and we haven't taken precautions. We are in God's hands," said Ave Lise Mesila, in her white tarpaulin tent.
She and two other women and five small children sat in near-total darkness in the small, smoky tent among hundreds of others in the Acra 2 camp, which climbs a steep hillside in the Juvenat neighborhood.
Les Cayes, a coastal city in southern Haiti, was expected to feel the effects of Tomas before the capital, and aid workers reported intermittent rain on Thursday.
The United Nations says the storm will almost certainly exacerbate a cholera epidemic that has so far killed 442 people and sickened more than 6,700, according to government figures.
On Thursday evening, Tomas was located about 280 miles (450 km) west-southwest of Port-au-Prince, and about 110 miles (175 km) south-southeast of the Jamaican capital Kingston.
Tomas is expected to bring surging waves, heavy rains and possible flash flooding and mudslides to mountainous Haiti, the U.S. National Hurricane Center said.
Earlier, an effort to move some 2,000 people from Corail, an exposed camp outside Port-au-Prince set up by the United Nations and aid groups to resettle homeless quake survivors, was initially obstructed by camp dwellers worried that authorities were trying to permanently move them out.
More than 100 yelling youths broke tables set up by aid workers to process the evacuees from the camp of some 7,700 people at the base of bare hills outside the Haitian capital.
The partial evacuation later resumed.
"The big fear is for people on exposed mountains. These people are at high risk of landslides and flash flooding," said Leonard Doyle, a spokesman for the International Organization for Migration, referring to the Corail camp residents.
Tomas swept across the Caribbean's eastern islands as a hurricane over the weekend, killing at least five people in St. Lucia before weakening. Several more people were missing.
It was expected to pass near Jamaica and Haiti and hurricane warnings were in effect for Haiti, the Turks and Caicos Islands and parts of the Bahamas and Cuba.
At the Guantanamo Bay U.S. naval base in eastern Cuba, military officials warned the 174 foreign captives detained there that a storm was on the way, and laid in supplies of water and packaged meals.
"Detainees are secure in sound structures to ensure their safety and well being," said Navy Commander Tamsen Reese, a spokeswoman for the detainee operation.
The Haitian government ordered all schools closed on Thursday and Friday. In Jamaica, where Tropical Storm Nicole killed 15 people more than a month ago, schools were also closed in the capital of Kingston and some eastern parishes.


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There is nothing more frustrating than experiencing an injury that keeps you from doing what you love to do. Especially hiking. After completing a three week journey on the Allegheny Trail, I came home, did too much, and ended up with severe hip pain and sciatica. Diagnosis - hip separation and muscle overuse (possible pitiformis syndrome). So now I am sidelined. I am no longer a happy hiker, enjoying the fall colors but resigned to icing, Physical Therapy, and simple walks. I've had injuries that have given me issues for many years. It's not an easy thing to deal with when you are active.
So what do you do when injury strikes?
1. First off, if you've suffered an injury, don't be brave and keep hiking on it. You'll just do worse damage. Pain and swelling is your body trying to tell you to STOP. So stop hiking. Period.
2. RICE. Rest, ice, elevation, compression. DO it immediately after an injury happens. Don't wait 24 hrs. It impedes the healing process. And be sure its ICE. Don't ever put heat on an injury. If your stomach can handle it, taking ibuprofen (Advil) helps ease the inflammation. If you can't, Tylenol helps with pain. Turmeric is said to be an anti-inflammatory; you can get it in pill form.
3. See the doctor. Many times you can try to deal with the injury at home. But in my case I did not wait. And sometimes it's good not to, to ward off other issues (like scar tissue forming). In severe cases with major swelling, pain, etc., you need a doctor to evaluate it. You may need x-rays to make sure something isn't broken. You may need physical therapy to get back in the groove as soon as the injury allows. With the cost of medical care, sometimes this is put off. Only you know how bad it is.
4. Eat nutritious food. If you are going to be sidelined for a while, be sure the food you eat is good for you. Don't eat sugar and useless carbs thinking it will make you feel better. It won't and may even worsen things. Protein, fiber-based foods, and lots of water are important to the healing process and for your well-being.
5. Try not to get depressed. Easier said than done, especially when you see your buddies hiking and you're sitting. But most have suffered like you have in one form or another. Most have been sidelined. Think of this as rest time to do other things that maybe you haven't done. Think of the projects you can accomplish while you're mending. Be sure to be outside too as sunshine is important to elevating your mood. Talk to others that have had injuries. Above all, give yourself time to heal by giving your body (and you) a break.
6. Engage in other physical activities that don't aggravate the injury. I have an exercise bike. Yeah, I hate the thing. But it's better than nothing for cardiovascular means. A swimming pool works wonders also. Do some strengthening exercises (check online for exercises that have to do with your injury to begin rehabilitating it when the pain allows). Stay involved. When you are able, return slowly to your activity. Don't push it or you could find yourself back at square one.
7. Above all, be patient. It takes time to heal ligaments, tendons, and bones. Let your body do its job. Then you will be raring to go and ready to tackle that trail in no time. Remember, the trail is going nowhere. You will be back when the time is perfect.


What Are Your Top Interests?
Did you find any websites, magazines, books or videos about your and/or your children's hobbies in the target language? If you aren't sure what I am talking about, then check out the Week 15 post to find out. It is a fantastic way to be motivated to use our languages!
Even if we don't understand everything that is written, the link between something we feel a fondness for (hobbies, sports, activities, etc.) and our target language is powerful. In fact, it is one of the strongest motivators for sticking with language learning.
Many don't realize how emotional language learning really is. The more our language learning is linked with pleasurable activities and hobbies, the stronger our brain will link our target language with pleasure. In fact, we will actually feel a similar pleasure down the road just by using these languages again! Our brain will associate the two and want more such pleasurable experiences.
If you like watching sports, watch it in the target language.
Read about the latest knitting patterns at an online knitting website in the target language.
Do easy crossword puzzles in the target language (find children's ones to start!).
Watch documentaries about a topic that interests you in the target language.
Snuggle on the sofa with your favorite tea while reading a book in the target language.
Check-In Activity: In the comment section below, tell us what your and/or your children's hobbies, interests and/or favorite activities are. These don't need to have anything to do with language learning. These are simply things that give your personal live meaning. Maybe you/your children like to knit or draw or play soccer or swim? Maybe you enjoy reading mystery novels or making home-made jewelry and your children enjoy reading Calvin and Hobbes. Tell us!
Giveaway: After you leave a comment below, head over to the current giveaway and enter! Once you check in, you can enter! It is another fantastic giveaway prize!
Don't forget to visit the Multilingual Living Forum to ask a question, start a discussion or give someone else some support. You do NOT have to log in to post there. We encourage you to check out the Language Challenge 180 section as well as the other sections. And come check us out at Pinterest! We'd love to share with you there!
Have you checked on your target language pages lately? Add comments for new products/tips/advice/conversations that you have on your mind!
Keep an eye out for your next email which will arrive on Monday! Keep up the fantastic work!
She also loves looking at pictures, so we regularly put the photos from her last trip to Mali up on the TV and talk about what's going on in the photos in Bambara. It helps to remind her, of her family in Mali, the good times she's had there, and what Bambara sounds like. It's so cool to see her face light up when she remembers. Like the other day I put a Malian bracelet on her that she received in Mali from her grandmother. She immediately looked at it and said, "Natou" which is her name for Sirantou, my husband's mother. It's small, but she's only two, and I just love to see her make these connections.
She also loves playgrounds and parks, so we have connected with several Malian/West African families in our neighborhood, and hang out in the park, so the park is beginning to have a Bambara theme to it as well.
Linking learning with pleasure has actually been the only type of learning I have been doing during this MLC.
But my favourite way of immersing into a language remains through a good (subtitled) movie.
Turning the pages of a new, beautifully smelling language learning textbook and exploring the topics, methods and characters is linked to a pretty high state of pleasure as well, though.
Oh, reading is definitely up on my list. Then music and little videos. I felt my first connection to German through music,and then encouraged by my German friends who are my age. They are coming in a month,so our whole house is in a flurry ,as we talk,video,and email each other. This relationship has made the other children open up to German /German culture a lot better then bribing or prodding. ( both bad habits) The " Germanization" of Alex and siblings is is amazing .
One thing I enjoy doing is cooking especially trying new Indian dishes. So I've been listening to cooking videos in Hindi while I am in the kitchen. It took a while though to find some decent ones that weren't in English. As it is an area I am interested in, some of the language I am already familiar with.
For my kids, it's easy–They like watching cartoons, which I never allow unless it's in Spanish or French! For me, I'm still working on it. I have a hard time finding Foreign movies I want to watch on Netflix, and I bought a People en Espanol thinking it would be easy text in short chunks, but I don't actually know most of the celebrities, so it's not as compelling as I'd hoped. One of the reasons I'm studying Spanish is because I love the Argentine Tango. If only I was back in Florida I could go to some Milongas in Miami and get the full immersion experience! Does anyone know, btw, how to get movies or tv shows in your target language from Amazon? We found some Tintin that was listed as being available in English and French, but default was English and we didn't see any way to switch over.
I like to keep current on taxation and estate planning.
I am also interested in fitness, cooking with pulses and wine making.
I like to read, and so does my son. We read books in different languages. And he also likes to watch cartoons, so my parents sent us some in Slovak and Hungarian, and he loves to watch them.
I think the point that language learning is related to pleasure is so true. As a French teacher, I have seen this time and time again. Kids often learn best when they are having so much fun that they don't even realize they are learning at all.
I enjoy talking with people. Living in francophone countries was definitely my best language experience because there were so many people to talk to in French.
My kids enjoy having books read to them. I have found, though, that they don't enjoy reading in French as much. They lose interest quickly when they don't understand all that is said. Maybe I need to find some simpler, more picture-oriented books to try? I wish our library had more of a selection!
We pretty much all love to read, do puzzles, listen to music, walk, do things as a family and be together.
MY FAVES: Writing and blogging (which unfortunately is so frustrating in the language I'm learning), reading, poetry (THIS I have been able tor read in the language, and it was fun…and I have also tried translating poems, which was fun even if the translation was horrible), gardening, art.
MY KIDS FAVES: Legos, Video games, cartoons, bike riding, playing at the park.
I have just joined this programme and only wish I had discovered it sooner – thank you Corey for your motivation and great ideas to help with learning another language.
We enjoy movies, baking, gardening, the countryside, dancing and so much more. We will use every opportunity to bring our new language, French, into all these activities.
My daughters enjoy baking cookies and cupcakes, art projects of all kinds, singing, dancing, jump roping, and doing the hula hoop. One of my girls really likes sports, and enjoys playing and watching soccer and football. We all enjoy reading and taking walks together. I've been enjoying doing the language challenge activities with them. I found a Spanish atlas at the library, and we're working on way through the World Cup map activity. Thanks for all of the suggestions, Corey.
I am reading a fantasy book in German at the moment, and so pleased with myself for coming so far in it – luckily it is at the right level for me and I understand almost everything. Perfect situation for relaxing reading in another language!
music! We love to listen to music in Spanish or other languages. I love it when we learn songs and we can sing along. It's great for learning vocabulary and grammatical structure of languages.


The first week of December has come and gone. Pretty soon it will be Christmas. Woohoo! But I don't want it to come too fast. I need to enjoy the Christmas music and movies for a long time. I took a night off from Christmas movies last night to watch The Sound of Music Live with Carrie Underwood. It was so fun, did you watch? The Sound of Music is one of my favorite movies so I enjoyed seeing it done this way. Carrie did a great job.
Wow, I love those pants from last Wednesday - so cute!
The Burberry Prorsum loafers are so gorgeous! Major statement shoes!
Christmas is my favorite holiday but it's definitely coming up too fast! I need to soak all the Christmasy-ness up! I didn't hear about the The Sound of Music Live, I will have to YouTube it!
Those Zigi ankle boots are kind of awesome!
love the last 2, especially the loafers on the 4th one and the trousers on the last one!!
I love these pants and Zigi ankle boots are fantastic.


In the last tutorial we learned to create dynamic shadows with shadow mapping. It works great, but it's only suited for directional lights as the shadows are only generated in a single direction of the light source. It is therefore also known as directional shadow mapping as the depth (or shadow) map is generated from just the direction the light is looking at.
What this tutorial will focus on is the generation of dynamic shadows in all surrounding directions. The technique we're using is perfect for point lights as a real point light would cast shadows in all directions. This technique is known as point (light) shadows or more formerly as omnidirectional shadow maps.
This tutorial builds upon the previous shadow mapping tutorial so unless you're familiar with traditional shadow mapping it is advised to read the shadow mapping tutorial first.
The algorithm remains mostly the same to directional shadow mapping: we generate a depth map from the light's perspective(s), sample the depth map based on the current fragment position and compare each fragment with the stored depth value to see whether it is in shadow. The main difference between directional shadow mapping and omnidirectional shadow mapping is the depth map used.
The depth map we need requires rendering a scene from all surrounding directions of a point light and as such a normal 2D depth map won't work; what if we were to use a cubemap instead? Because a cubemap can store environment data with only 6 faces it is possible to render the entire scene to each of the faces of a cubemap and sample these as the point light's surrounding depth values.
The generated depth cubemap is then passed to the lighting fragment shader that samples the cubemap with a direction vector to obtain the depth (from the light's perspective) at that fragment. Most of the complicated stuff we already discussed in the shadow mapping tutorial. What makes this algorithm slightly more difficult is the depth cubemap generation.
This can be quite expensive though as a lot of render calls are necessary for just a single depth map. In this tutorial we're going to use an alternative (more organized) approach using a little trick in the geometry shader that allows us to build the depth cubemap with just a single render pass.
Again, note the call to glDrawBuffer and glReadBuffer: we only care about depth values when generating a depth cubemap so we have to explicitly tell OpenGL this framebuffer object does not render to a color buffer.
The process is exactly the same as with default shadow mapping, although this time we render to and use a cubemap depth texture compared to a 2D depth texture. Before we actually render the scene from all of the light's viewing directions we first have to calculate the proper transformation matrices.
With the framebuffer and cubemap set we need some way to transform all the scene's geometry to the relevant light spaces in all 6 directions of the light. Similar to the shadow mapping tutorial we're going to need a light space transformation matrix \(T\), but this time one for each face.
Important to note here is the field of view parameter of glm::perspective that we set to 90 degrees. By setting this to 90 degrees we make sure the viewing field is exactly large enough to properly fill a single face of the cubemap such that all faces align correctly to each other at the edges.
As the projection matrix does not change per direction we can re-use it for each of the 6 transformation matrices. We do need a different view matrix per direction. With glm::lookAt we create 6 view directions, each looking at a single direction of the cubemap in the order: right, left, top, bottom, near and far.
Here we create 6 view matrices and multiply them with the projection matrix to get a total of 6 different light space transformation matrices. The target parameter of glm::lookAt each looks into the direction of a single cubemap face.
These transformation matrices are send to the shaders that render the depth into the cubemap.
To render depth values to a depth cubemap we're going to need a total of three shaders: a vertex and fragment shader and a geometry shader in between.
The geometry shader then takes as input 3 triangle vertices and a uniform array of light space transformation matrices. The geometry shader is then responsible for transforming the vertices to the light spaces; this is also where it gets interesting.
The geometry shader has a built-in variable called gl_Layer that specifies which cubemap face to emit a primitive to. When left alone the geometry shader just sends its primitives further down the pipeline as usual, but when we update this variable we can control to which cubemap face we render to for each primitive. This of course only works when we have a cubemap texture attached to the active framebuffer.
This geometry shader should be relatively straightforward. We take as input a triangle and output a total of 6 triangles (6 * 3 vertices each equals 18 vertices). In the main function we iterate over 6 cubemap faces where we specify each face as the output face by storing the face integer into gl_Layer. Then we generate each triangle by transforming each world-space vertex to the relevant light space by multiplying FragPos with the face's light-space transformation matrix. Note that we also sent the resulting FragPos variable to the fragment shader that we'll need to calculate a depth value.
In the last tutorial we used an empty fragment shader and let OpenGL figure out the depth values of the depth map. This time we're going to calculate our own (linear) depth as the linear distance between each fragment position and the light source's position. Calculating our own depth values makes the later shadow calculations a bit more intuitive.
The fragment shader takes as input the FragPos from the geometry shader, the light's position vector and the frustum's far plane value. Here we take the distance between the fragment and the light source, map it to the [0,1] range and write it as the fragment's depth value.
Rendering the scene with these shaders and the cubemap-attached framebuffer object active should give you a completely filled depth cubemap for the second pass's shadow calculations.
With everything set up it is time to render the actual omnidirectional shadows. The procedure is similar to the directional shadow mapping tutorial although this time we bind a cubemap texture instead of a 2D texture as the depth map and also pass the light projection's far plane variable to the shaders.
Here the renderScene function renders some cubes in a large cube room scattered around a light source at the center of the scene.
The vertex shader and fragment shader are largely similar to the original shadow mapping shaders: the differences being that the fragment shader no longer requires a fragment position in light space as we can now sample the depth values using a direction vector.
There are a few subtle differences: the lighting code is the same, but we now have a samplerCube uniform and the ShadowCalculation function takes the fragment's position as its parameter instead of the fragment position in light space. We now also include the light frustum's far_plane value that we'll later need. At the end of the fragment shader run we calculate the shadow component which is 1.0 when the fragment is in shadow or 0.0 when it's not. We use the calculated shadow component to influence the lighting's diffuse and specular components.
What is largely different is the content of the ShadowCalculation function that now samples depth values from a cubemap instead of a 2D texture. Let's discuss its content step by step.
Here we take the difference vector between the fragment's position and the light's position and use that vector as a direction vector to sample the cubemap. The direction vector doesn't need to be a unit vector to sample from a cubemap so there's no need to normalize it. The resulting closestDepth is the normalized depth value between the light source and its closest visible fragment.
The closestDepth value is currently in the range [0,1] so we first transform it back to [0,far_plane] by multiplying it with far_plane.
This returns a depth value in the same (or larger) range as closestDepth.
Now we can compare both depth values to see which is closer than the other and determine whether the current fragment is in shadow. We also include a shadow bias so we don't get shadow acne as discussed in the previous tutorial.
If you're somewhat like me you probably didn't get this right on the first try so it makes sense to do some debugging with one of the obvious checks being validating whether the depth map was built correctly. Because we don't have a 2D depth map texture anymore visualizing the depth map becomes a bit less obvious.
You can also see the to-be shadowed regions on the outside wall. If it looks somewhat similar you know the depth cubemap was properly generated. Otherwise you probably did something wrong or used the closestDepth still in the [0,far_plane] range.
Since omnidirectional shadow maps are based on the same principles of traditional shadow mapping it also has the same resolution dependent artifacts. If you zoom in closely you can again see jagged edges. Percentage-closer filtering or PCF allows us to smooth out these jagged edges by filtering multiple samples around the fragment position and average the results.
The code isn't too different from what we had in traditional shadow mapping. Here we calculate the texture offsets dynamically based on the number of samples we'd like to take in each axis and take 3 times sample the amount of sub-samples that we then average at the end.
The shadows now look a lot more soft and smooth and gives much more plausible results.
However, with samples set to 4.0 we take a total of 64 samples each fragment which is a lot!
Then we can adapt the PCF algorithm to take a fixed amount of samples from sampleOffsetDirections and use these to sample the cubemap. The advantage is that we need a lot less samples to get visually similar results to the first PCF algorithm.
Here we add offsets to a specific diskRadius around the original fragToLight direction vector to sample from the cubemap.
Another interesting trick we can apply here is that we can change the diskRadius based on how far the viewer is away from a fragment; this way we can increase the offset radius by the distance to the viewer, making the shadows softer when far away and sharper when close by.
Of course, the bias we add to each sample is highly based on context and will always require tweaking based on the scene you're working with. Play around with all the values and see how they affect the scene.
You can find the final code here: here.
I should mention that using geometry shaders to generate a depth map isn't necessarily faster than rendering the scene 6 times for each face. Using a geometry shader like this has its own performance penalties that might outweigh the performance gain of using one in the first place. This of course depends on the type of environment, the specific video card drivers and more so if you really care about performance, make sure to profile both methods and select the more efficient one for your scene. I personally prefer using geometry shaders for shadow mapping, simply because I find them more intuitive to use.
Shadow Mapping for point light sources in OpenGL: omnidirectional shadow mapping tutorial by sunandblackcat.
Multipass Shadow Mapping With Point Lights: omnidirectional shadow mapping tutorial by ogldev.
Omni-directional Shadows: a nice set of slides about omnidirectional shadow mapping by Peter Houska.


Professional designer Erin Schlosser guides us through projects of all kinds to decorate our homes. From fabric window treatments to storage solutions, rugs, pillows, and more, this book is for anyone interested in sewing projects for the home, plus they make great gifts!
31 projects, 144 color pgs.


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The great hope of Indian mobile operators.
Here's one country where WhatsApp and Skype could actually help mobile operators
By Leo Mirani June 12, 2014
Telecom operators across the world complain that free messaging apps such as WhatsApp and internet-based calling services like Skype and Viber are eating into their margins. But what if those same services could help telcos grow their margins instead? That could very well be the case in India, reckons Morgan Stanley.
Indian mobile carriers operate on razor-thin margins, claiming an average revenue per user (ARPU, an industry metric) per month of just $2.60. By contrast, Chinese operators make $9.60 per user per month, Korean ones boast an ARPU of $32.40 and Australian carriers rake in $38.50.
But that may be about to change. In the past year, data use and revenues from data across the big four Indian networks have doubled even as the average price of data has dropped 15%. Indians are getting online fast and their appetite for data is growing at a ferocious pace.
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As more Indians get their hands on smartphones, they will be increasingly tempted to use data plans because of the cost difference between voice and data is negligible. One megabyte of data costs 83% as much as one minute of talk time in India, a far narrower gap than its Asian peers, where data costs on average 35% of voice.That's not because data is expensive in India, but because voice is already so cheap (rates average 0.60 US cents per minute).
Analysts at Morgan Stanley ran the numbers and figured out how data consumption and revenues from Skype calling would compare to regular video calling. The results are encouraging. As phones get better and more people start to use high-quality video calling, operators will make more money from subscribers who use Skype for these calls than from plain voice calls over the network. (Besides, unlike phone calls, where only one party pays, both sides consume data when it comes to internet-based calling.)
Revenue from Skype calls.
The same applies to messaging. While plain old text-messaging may not be dramatically different, WhatsApp allows people to much more easily share pictures and videos, which also means more data consumed by both senders and receivers, and more revenue.
Revenue from different types of WhatsApp messages.
And there there's music. Some 34% of Indians listen to music on their mobile phones, compared with 17% of users globally. Bollywood movies and their songs are hugely popular in India, and are a cornerstone of the mobile industry's plan to sell data. Indeed, music and video alone contribute 68% of all mobile data usage in India.
Some 90% of Indian Indian internet users get online using mobile phones. But that number still represents only 15% of India's 1.2 billion population, suggesting plenty of room for growth, specially as ever cheaper devices, such as Mozilla's upcoming $25 smartphone (paywall), enter the market. And each subscriber will also use more and more data, rising 35% annually until 2018, reckons Morgan Stanley.
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Anyone that wants to be seen on the Internet needs to have a website. There are literally thousands of web hosts to choose from, so finding the right web hosting packages can be a confusing process, especially if you are new to web hosting. These 10 essential features of web hosting will assist you in sorting out all the information available, and give you the confidence to make the best decision about choosing reliable web hosting. You will find that web hosting packages can vary in pricing, as well as the features they offer such as the amount of disk space and bandwidth available, data transfers, number of domains and email boxes, privacy and security settings, website design and marketing tools, technical support and guaranteed up-time. Knowing what your requirements are is essential to making a smart choice. Let's look at the features that are essential to reliable web hosting.
A web hosting account has an allotment of disk/storage space that you rent on a server. The amount of storage will include all of the content of your web pages, any graphic or audiovisual content you may use on those pages, any files that are available for visitors to download and any space that you may use for emails. You will also need to allow space for the various log files that are generated by the server that keeps track of visitors to your site and what pages they click on. You may want to choose a package with additional disk space so as you add more content such as pictures, music, videos or downloadable files that require more disk space, there are no additional costs. Databases are usually calculated separately from your disk/storage space allocated, so check with your web host to see what their policy covers.
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Two years ago, Nathan Jessop gathered up Gabriel Barlow and about nine other young boys from their beds at home and whisked them away into the unknown.
They would be shuttled to houses in Big Piney, Wyo., and in Downey, Chubbuck and Pocatello, Idaho, with a short stay at Big Sky mobile home park in Power County.
Barlow was just 14 at the time and was considered Jessop's stepson in the eyes of the Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. Barlow remembers well when the leader of the FLDS, Warren Jeffs, decided to give his mom to Jessop as another one of his 11 wives.
"My dad died when I was 6 years old," Barlow said.
A couple years after the death of Barlow's father, Jeffs decided Barlow's mother should belong to Jessop.
Barlow said he was always proud of his mother. She had graduated from college before she became involved with the FLDS group. With the death of her husband, she became just another commodity whose fate was decided by Warren Jeffs.
A 10-year-old at the time, Barlow said he has vivid memories of the pain that event caused his mother.
"I watched her go to where she hardly remembered her children's names," Barlow said.
It wasn't the only strange thing the youngster witnessed. He said he saw Jessop get married to a 15-year-old girl when Jessop was 40.
Barlow began to rebel against what he described as cruel treatment by Jessop. The punishment was swift. He said he was once confined to a room in the house for three months and was only allowed out to use the bathroom.
Then at age 14, Barlow committed a major offense.
"I texted a girl once and I thought the end of the world was coming," he said.
And the end of the world he knew in Short Creek — the collective name for Hildale, Utah, and Colorado City, Ariz. — did come to an end. Jessop rounded up Barlow and a group of other boys who needed to participate in a repentance mission and moved to Wyoming and later to Idaho.
"I haven't seen my mom in three years," Barlow said.
The boys were closely watched, home-schooled and forced to write letters to the imprisoned Jeffs. They were also tasked with building homemade furniture that Jessop would sell.
And Barlow said the punishments were cruel for boys who refused to stay on task when it came to building the furniture. He said Jessop locked one boy outside in sub-zero weather in Big Piney one night. The boy, who didn't have a jacket or shoes, managed to break a window and get back inside.
There were also beatings or days without food, but Barlow said most of the cruelty was mental.
"If you didn't obey him (Jessop), you were told you would be sent away forever and face eternal damnation," Barlow said.
While staying in a Chubbuck home in February of 2013, Barlow said he had enough. He smuggled a finished piece of furniture out of the house and sold it. With the money he purchased a prepaid phone and called his aunt. She drove to Chubbuck and rescued him.
Barlow said that before he left, he gave the other boys — whom he calls "my brothers" — the number for the Holding Out HELP group in Salt Lake City, which provides assistance to people who flee from the FLDS faith.
Barlow found a home in the Salt Lake City area and began attending high school. He turned 17 in July and is starting his junior year. He said that when he heard the boys held in the house in Pocatello had been freed he was elated.
"It wasn't an environment you want to be in," Barlow said.
Barlow said he has a lot of school work to make up because the education afforded him within the FLDS world was minimal.
But he said he is making progress and has hopes of attending college and majoring in accounting.
Like his namesake in the Bible, Gabriel said he has a message for other people — those who are afraid to leave the FLDS world.
Looking to the future, Barlow said if he manages to begin a successful career, there are two main things he would like to accomplish.


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Home/PS752 Association/Association Statement on Government of Canada's IRGC Sanctions
Association Statement on Government of Canada's IRGC Sanctions
October 8, 2022 — The Association of Families of Flight PS752 Victims commends the Government of Canada for moving forward in announcing restrictive measures against the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) under the Immigration and Refugees Protection Act (IRPA) on October 7, 2022. The measures are set to target the top 50 percent of the IRGC membership – an estimated 10,000 of its personnel – by making them permanently inadmissible to Canada and restricting their financial transactions in the country. This move is a significant step in limiting the influence and reach of the operatives of the Iranian regime in Canada and in supporting the feminist uprising of the people of Iran.
The measures announced yesterday have long been among the central demands of the Association as a necessary response to the gross violations of human rights by the IRGC, including the horrific downing of Flight PS752. The announcement comes on the heels of multiple demonstrations in Canada, including a rally earlier this week on Parliament Hill where thousands stood with the Association and joined them in calling on the government for more action. We are appreciative of the Government of Canada for working with the Association to institute this mechanism through IRPA, which treats the IRGC as a terrorist entity without interfering in the lives of regular citizens who were merely drafted for mandatory military service in this organization. In addition, we are thankful to the Government of Canada for announcing another set of measures to impose targeted sanctions on top Iranian officials earlier on September 30 pursuant to the Association's demands for implementation of Magnitsky sanctions.
While these announcements are a victory for the Association, as we have been advocating for these sanctions since our founding, the recent widespread protests of the people of Iran have been a critical factor in renewing the sense of urgency that is necessary to respond to the human rights violations committed by the Iranian regime in an appropriate manner. The Association will continue its efforts with resolve, and we hope that our efforts to reveal the truth will help pave the path for freedom and justice in Iran.
In addition to the recently announced measures, the Association urges the Government of Canada to hold the Iranian regime accountable for the downing of Flight PS752 by:
Advancing without delay its referral of the dispute with the Islamic Republic of Iran on the issue of Flight PS752 to the International Civil Aviation Organization, and
Writing to the International Criminal Court (ICC) Office of the Prosecutor to indicate Canada's support for the Association's Article 15 communication to the ICC.
Hackathon for Aban


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Perkins suspended for remainder of CPL
I knew only a hundred would save the game...
5th August 2016 Comments Off on Windies' character in fightback thrills Viv Richards Views: 1156 News
Windies' character in fightback thrills Viv Richards
KINGSTON, Jamaica (CMC) — Cricket legend Sir Viv Richards has praised West Indies for their "character and fight" after they produced a magnificent batting display on the final day of the second Test, to earn a precious draw in the second Test at Sabina Park here Wednesday.
Starting the day on 48 for four in their second innings — still requiring another 256 runs to avoid an innings defeat — West Indies lost just two wickets and batted all day to finish on 388 for six.
They were led by a splendid unbeaten, maiden Test century from Roston Chase who finished on 137 while wicketkeeper Shane Dowrich got 74, captain Jason Holder 64 not out and Jermaine Blackwood, 63.
Following the amazing back-to-the-wall performance, Sir Viv made his way to the West Indies players' area to applaud the team for facing up to the challenge.
"This is a marvellous performance from this young team. I am really proud of them," said Sir Viv, a member of the television commentary panel for the series.
"They really stood up to the challenge and we should be proud of this kind of performance. They did not win the Test match but if we can see more efforts like this I am sure this team is on the way to very good things.
"They applied themselves and were rewarded. This should be great for them and it shows that they can play at this level. This has lifted the series and I hope it lifts this team as well. There is talent, there is fight and there is character in that West Indies dressing room and we saw it here today."
Chase's innings was the highlight of the day. All told, he faced 269 deliveries in a knock lasting just shy of six hours and which included 14 fours and a six.
The knock came in just his fourth innings and followed his five wickets for 121 runs in the Indian first innings of 500 for nine declared.
Chase also created history by becoming just the fourth West Indian to make a century and take five wickets in the same Test match. The last occasion was by Sir Garfield Sobers in England 50 years ago.
Sir Viv, renowned for never having lost a Test series as captain, said self-belief would now be critical for Chase as he tried to build on the performance.
"My advice to him is keep believing in [himself]. He's off to a tremendous start in his Test career — with a terrific five-wicket haul and then a significant century like this which saved the match," said Sir Viv.
"He's now being mentioned and respected, where this is concerned with making a ton and taking a five-for. So I urge him and the team to keep growing and keep believing in themselves."
Taken from Jamaica Observer


text:
A newly unearthed photo shows Amelia Earhart survived her final flight, investigators say
July 5, 2017 at 6:11 p.m. EDT
Legendary pilot Amelia Earhart's disappearance is a decades-old mystery. (Video: Jenny Starrs/The Washington Post)
What happened to Amelia Earhart?
That question has captivated the public ever since her plane vanished over the Pacific Ocean in 1937 as she attempted to become the first female pilot to fly around the world.
Now, investigators believe they have discovered the "smoking gun" that would support a decades-old theory that Earhart and her navigator, Fred Noonan, were captured by the Japanese: a newly unearthed photograph from the National Archives that purportedly shows Earhart and Noonan — and their plane — on an atoll in the Marshall Islands.
"I was originally skeptical until we could get the photograph authenticated," Shawn Henry, a former FBI assistant executive director who is now helping privately investigate the Earhart disappearance, told The Washington Post. "The fact that it came out of the National Archives as opposed to somebody's basement or garage somewhere — that to me gave it a lot more credibility."
The photograph was rediscovered a few years ago in a mislabeled file at the National Archives by a former U.S. Treasury agent named Les Kinney, who began looking into Earhart's disappearance after he retired, according to previews for a new History channel documentary, "Amelia Earhart: The Lost Evidence," that airs July 9.
The 8-by-10-inch black-and-white photograph went ignored in a stack of 20 or 30 other pictures until Kinney took a closer look a few months later, Henry said.
In the photo, a figure with Earhart's haircut and approximate body type sits on the dock, facing away from the camera, Henry points out. Toward the left of the dock is a man they believe is Noonan. On the far right of the photo is a barge with an airplane on it, supposedly Earhart's.
Henry, who was asked to join the investigation about a year ago, said two different photo experts analyzed the picture to ensure it had not been manipulated. It had not been, they found. The experts also compared the facial features and body proportions of the two figures in the photograph with known pictures of Earhart and Noonan.
For the man on the left, "the hairline is the most distinctive characteristic," Ken Gibson, a facial recognition expert who studied the image, told the "Today" show. "It's a very sharp receding hairline. The nose is very prominent. … It's my feeling that this is very convincing evidence that this is probably Noonan."
The figure seated on the dock is wearing pants, much like Earhart often did, Henry noted.
"I'm looking at her sitting on the dock and thinking, 'This is her,' " he said.
Though they can't be sure of when the photo was taken, there is no record of Earhart being in the Marshall Islands, he added.
Henry said he traveled to the Marshall Islands and interviewed the son of a man whose father repeatedly told others he had witnessed Earhart's plane land at Mili Atoll in 1937. He also spoke with the last living person who claimed to have seen the pair after their emergency landing.
"But again, for me, those things are all somewhat suspect until you have that photograph, which corroborates that she was there," Henry said. "To me, that's just proof beyond a reasonable doubt."
Gary Tarpinian, executive producer of the History documentary, told the "Today" show that they believe the Koshu, the Japanese merchant ship in the photo, took Earhart to Saipan, where she died in Japanese custody.
The team thinks the photo may have been taken by someone spying on the Japanese, he added. Other questions, like when and how Earhart died, remain a mystery.
"What happened to her then? Was there a coverup or not? Did the U.S. government know? What did the Japanese government know?" Henry said. "I think this actually opens up a whole new line of questioning."
Amelia Earhart didn't die in a plane crash, investigators say. This is their theory.
Over the past 80 years, three prevailing theories about Earhart's disappearance have emerged.
Some speculate that Earhart's Lockheed Model 10 Electra crashed and sank to the bottom of the Pacific Ocean, killing her and Noonan.
Last year, a Pennsylvania-based group called The International Group for Historic Aircraft Recovery (TIGHAR) repositioned the spotlight on an alternate theory: With their fuel rapidly depleting, Earhart and Noonan used celestial navigation to land on a remote coral atoll named Gardner Island, about 400 miles south of Howland Island, their original destination. It was there, TIGHAR says, that the two tried to send out frantic radio calls for help but eventually died as castaways.
Just last month, the group launched an ambitious expedition to try to prove its theory, sending researchers and a pack of forensically trained border collies to Gardner Island, now called Nikumaroro. The mission: For the dogs to sniff out human bones that, through DNA matching, would confirm Earhart and Noonan landed and then perished on that island.
Henry said he isn't bothered by other explanations of Earhart's disappearance.
"I've listened to some competing theories," he said. "When you look at the totality of what we put together and then hold that photograph … I think that photograph is as close to a smoking gun as you're going to have in a cold case that's 80 years old."
Did Amelia Earhart die on a remote Pacific island? Bone-sniffing border collies may find out.
The D.B. Cooper case baffled investigators for decades. Now, scientists have a new theory.
Two French aviators vanished a decade before Amelia Earhart. Their fate remains a mystery, too.
Discovered: Never-before seen photos of Charles Lindbergh's first Spirit of St. Louis flight
She was abducted from a hospital as a newborn. 18 years later, she met her birthparents.


text:
## CircularProgressView ##

A very simple progress view, `ProgressView` extends `View`, you can custom the circular ring's **colors** and **size**, and use the methods in `View`.

### Demo ###

- This gif's speed is little faster than really.

### Usage ###

- Add it in your **root** `build.gradle` at the end of repositories:

    allprojects {
        repositories {
            ...
            maven { url "https://jitpack.io" }
        }
    }

- Add it in your **app** `build.gradle` at the end of dependencies:

    dependencies {
        compile 'com.github.Runly:CircularProgressView:v2.0.0'
    }

##### XML #####

```xml

    <com.github.runly.circularprogressview.ProgressView
    android:id="@+id/progress_view"
    android:layout_width="100dp"
    android:layout_height="100dp" />

```

##### Java #####

```java

    ProgressView progress1 = (ProgressView) findViewById(R.id.progress1);
    //set the stroke size with dp
    progress1.setStrokeSizeDp(mContext, 5);
    //set the color
    progress1.setStrokeColors(new int[] {Color.BLUE});

    ProgressView progress2 = (ProgressView) findViewById(R.id.progress2);
    //set the stroke size with px
    progress2.setStrokeSizePx(15);
    //set the colors
    progress2.setStrokeColors(new int[] {Color.BLUE, Color.RED, Color.GREEN, Color.YELLOW});

```

##### You can also use ProgressView without XML #####

```java

    ProgressView progressView = new ProgressView(mContext, null);
    progressView.setStrokeSizeDp(context, 20);
    progressView.setStrokeColors(new int[] {Color.WHITE});

```

### More ###

###### Three methods ######
- start()

means start and Display the progress view

```java

    progress = (ProgressView) findViewById(R.id.progress);
    /*   xxxxxxx   */
    progress.start();

```

In default casa, if you initialize a ProgressView, it will auto start, you needn't call `start()`.

- setAutoStart(boolean isAutoStart)

If you don't want it auto start, you can call this method.

```java

    progress = (ProgressView) findViewById(R.id.progress);
    /*   xxxxxxx   */
    progress.setAutoStart(false);

```

- stop()

means stop and disappear the progress view

```java

    progress = (ProgressView) findViewById(R.id.progress);
    /*   xxxxxxx   */
    progress.stop();

```

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


A code-compliant, professional-grade alternative to saddle valves. Tee off 1/2 and 3/4 in. lines. Retrofit models with Fem. Compression connection are great for adding a branch with shutoff to an existing supply stop.


I watched a great TedTalk the other day given by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie all about the dangers of living by a single story.
A quick synopsis of Chimamanda's talk would be people are born and raised with single stories in mind about other people, genders, cultures, and communities. However, these single stories usually aren't true and can actually be harmful.
As I was watching this I realized people can have more than one single story (I will explain in a minute) and your single story can change.
My single story has changed in the past 3 years and I also had more than one at a time.
When I moved to SF be with my then boyfriend people I had known for 10+ years assumed I was a gold digger because he made good money and I was a single mom living paycheck to paycheck.
When I first moved to SF as a 24-year-old woman with my then 1-year-old son most of the people I met assumed I was his nanny.
When people learned I was from Utah they assumed I was Mormon and, as anyone who's Mormon or from Utah can attest, I got the "How many moms do you have?" question more than once.
At school, people have assumed I was a single parent because I was older than the average college student and have two kids.
I think you get the point, but it goes both ways as well. I have made assumptions about so many people in my life simply because of where they live, where they are from, their religion, etc. I have been working really hard the past year to change those thoughts and assumptions, but I am not going to lie, they still creep up sometimes. It is definitely a work in progress!
However, I know it's not just me. It is so evident in our society today when it comes to race, gender, occupation, religion, ethnicity, etc. and it's something I want to work on changing in my own life and in the lives of those around me.
What is your single story that people have gotten completely wrong? And more importantly, how are you changing their views and opinions of you and those in your community?
She also gave a talk in Nov 2012 titled "We Should All Be Feminists" that is worth listening to, or you can read the transcript of that talk.


text:
Based on a notorious double murder in Canada in the1840's, the novel Alias Grace tells the story of a pretty 16 year-old servant girl who conspired with a ranch hand to kill their employer and his mistress and escape with their belongings. They were captured in several days, and later, in a much-publicized trial, found guilty of premeditated murder. The young man, James McDermott, was sentenced to death, and the girl, Grace Marks, narrowly escaped it.
Alias Grace begins after the murderess has served 8 years in prison. The death of Nancy Montgomery, Kinnear's housekeeper and mistress, has been disregarded as both villains had already been sentenced to death. Grace is around thirty years old, being accused of the crimes when she was only sixteen. Grace is in prison where she has been mentally tortured during her rotation from prison to asylum over time. Doctors who wish to "examine" her frequently visit. She now has a subconscious aversion to these doctors and the world which she knows. She has become accustomed to being silent and unseen.
A young doctor, Dr. Simon Jordan, has taken an interest in Grace. Dr. Jordan is from a wealthy family and of good name, but he is more interested in studying abroad about sanity and those enclosed in asylums rather than interest at home. He has little experience in dealing on a personal basis with the question of sanity of patients, but is intrigued by this fabulously sensationalized murderess. A group that has continuously tried for the pardon of Grace Marks has recruited the doctor with hopes that he will find Grace sane and innocent on all counts of murder.
Dr. Jordan's main purpose is to help recover the lost memory of the time during the murders. This memory which some to believe was conveniently forgotten helped convict her during the trial; almost as if she had admitted to the killings. During the course of his visits with Grace, Dr. Jordan encourages her to tell of her life before the murders. Grace begins her story with her family in Scotland. Grace had been left with her abusive father and the smaller children after her mother died on the passage to America. A trip taken for necessity rather that need: for her father was in a bit of financial trouble in Scotland. Grace is sent out in Canada as a servant.
Battered Woman Syndrome In Adichie's Purple Hibiscus
Beatrice murdering her husband didn't come out of nowhere like her children thought— it was due to built-up tension, pressure, and abuse until she finally snapped. She couldn't withstand being a bystander— to her the only way to preserve her status and her children's lives was to murder her husband. Beatrice clearly displays symptoms of battered woman syndrome, however, some of these symptoms are congruent with post-traumatic stress disorder, such as emotional detachment to life at the end of the novel. Kambili uses words such as "vacuously" (302), to describe her mother. According to her daughter, her mother doesn't, " reply to her[Sisi], Mama simply sat and stared" (298).
Grace Mark is Guilty in "Alias Grace"
Based on a horrible murder in 1843 in Canada, the novel " Alias Grace" tells the story of a young Irish-born servant girl who plans to kill her employer and his mistress. It is a very horrifying tragedy. An analysis of Grace Mark's behavior reveals many things. Her actions in the novel show that she is guilty of the murders of Thomas Kinnear and Nancy Montgomery. She plans with a man named James McDermott, hired help, to kill the love of her life and the mistress he is seeing.
a)	Childhood and background (family life, friends) Susan Leigh Vaughan Smith, born on September 26th 1971, was an American woman who was sent to serve life in prison for the murder of her two sons: one 3 year old, Michael Daniel Smith, and one 14-month old, Alexander Tyler Smith. At first, Susan was seen as a selfish killer who had killed her children for the sole purpose of unrequited love, but an insight into her personal life revealed much emotional trauma and signs of depression throughout her childhood. Susan did not have the best life growing up at her home in Union, S.C., as the only daughter of three kids. Her biological father divorced her mother when she was only seven years old. A little over a month after the divorce, Susan's father committed suicide.
Why Did Lizzie Borden Killed Her Parents
This story is about lizzie borden and if she axe murdered her parents. The topic is mainly about if lizzie borden killed her parents. A girl named lizzie Borden killed her parents with an axe. Lizzie Borden killed her parents with an axe and did get away with the murder and got arrested for a year since the police didn't have the evidence to know it was her. Lizzie was born on July 19,1860, at Fall River Massachusetts.
History and Effectiveness of the Insanity Plea
Although he was found not guilty, McNaughtan spent twenty years in a mental asylum until his death. Although helpful to truly insane criminals, the insanity plea has many flaws when it comes to the victims. Pleading insanity should be outlawed because it is unfair to the victims' families, dangerous to society, and ambiguous in its interpretation. One flaw of the insanity plea is how the victims and their families are affected. For example on March 21, 2010, Kathy Powell, the mother of 21 year old Taylor Powell, who was brutally murdered by Jarrod Wyatt outside Klamath, Oregon, said the suspect's recent insanity plea was a complete lie.
Skewed Justice
All three of the stories, "Full Circle", "Wasp's Nest", and "The Uderly Perfect Murder" are examples of real cases being solved by skewing the law for the good and/or bad outcome of the case. Justice is always served and given to one person and not the other. In the three stories justice is given to two or more people. In "Full Circle" Caroline received justice because her murderer was then killed in a car accident. Caroline's murderer however did not receive justice because he was not given a trial to have the opportunity to opt out of the punishment of murder (Grafton 753).
Why Is Edmund Kemper Who Was The Co-Co Killer?
After hiding his mother's parts, Kemper called his mother's friend, Sally Hallett and invited her over to the house. He strangled her and hid her in the closet and then fled the area the next day. He called the Santa Cruz police once he reached Colorado on April 23rd to confess his crimes. During interrogations he would lead them to all the evidence they needed to prove that he was the "Co-ed Killer". Kemper was charged with eight counts of first-degree murder, he went on trial for his crimes in October
The Sam Sheppard Case
She was four months pregnant and had been felled by 35 vicious blows (Quade). Right away Sam Sheppard was accused of being the victim to do this. Sheppard had told investigators that he had been asleep downstairs and was awakened by his wife's screams. Sheppard said when he went upstairs and entered the room he was knocked unconscious by the intruder. He denied any involvement and described his battle with the killer he described as "bushy-haired" (Linder).
Casey Anthony Trial
When questioned by authorities, Casey told the detectives several lies: stating the child had been kidnapped by her nanny on June 9, and that Casey had been trying to contact the nanny to find her daughter. Preceding this information, Casey Anthony was convicted and charged with first degree murder in 2008, but pleaded not guilty ... ... middle of paper ... ...can people view the justice system. Casey Anthony was arrested and put on trial for the death of her daughter after her parents noticed something peculiar after the child had been missing for thirty-one days. Anthony stood before a judge and with her defense team by her side and got out of being charged as guilty for the murder of her two year old daughter. Casey Anthony walked out of the courtroom, a free woman, on July 17th in 2011, after a six week trial.
Negative Effects Of Social Media
For example, one of its rape headlines is, "The worst thing that has come before the court: Mother financed her drug addiction by letting the drug dealer rape her twelve year-old daughter." The outcome of this story is the mother and child molester get fifty years to life in prison. However, after a three year follow-up the child's well being is presently at stake. She is still mentally disorientated and her caring father thinks she will never be the same. The incident does not mention prevention in child trafficking and none is suggested in the
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