text:
\section{Introduction}
Fano resonance \cite{Fano1961} is a universal phenomenon throughout nuclear,
atomic, molecular and optical physics, as well as in various condensed matter systems \cite{Miroshnichenko2010}.
It is induced by interference of transport in alternative paths,
when a discrete state interacts with a continuum sharing the same energy.
Distinct from Breit-Wigner resonance \cite{Breit1936},
which arises due to counter transport in the same quantum path and displays a Lorentz line shape,
Fano resonance shows an asymmetric line profile that has both constructive
and destructive interference around the resonance energy.
In a decade ago, with the advent of femtosecond laser,
the time-dependent formation of asymmetric Fano line shapes in absorption spectra
for a photonionization process was proposed for pump-probe experiments \cite{Wickenhauser2005}.
Until very recently, such propose has been verified experimentally  in the prototype system of helium \cite{Kaldun2016}.
On the other hand, many recent experimental developments allow one to measure transient quantum transport
in different nano and quantum devices \cite{Lu2003,Bylander2005,Gustavsson2008},
thus the buildup of Fano resonance resolved in time in solid-state electronic systems is also of great interests.
In this work, we investigate the transient quantum transport though an
Aharonov--Bohm (AB) interferometer containing double quantum dots (DQDs) in parallel to explore
the buildup of Fano resonance in electronic systems.

In fact, there are more and more observations of Fano effects in novel solid state systems,
such as open quantum dots \cite{Kastner1993,Gores2000,Zacharia2001,Johnson2004},
AB interferometers \cite{Aharonov1959,Kobayashi2002,Kobayashi2003},
two-dimensional (2D) electronic waveguides and nanotubes \cite{Kim2003},
where alternative electronic paths can be achieved. Among which,
the first tunable Fano resonance is observed in an AB interferometer
containing a quantum dot in one of the two arms \cite{Kobayashi2002,Kobayashi2003},
with the benefit that the width ($\gamma$) and Fano factor ($q$) of Fano resonance are controllable by the AB phase.
Inspired by the experimental realization of DQDs embedded
into opposite arms of an AB interferometer \cite{Holleitner2001,Hatano2004,Sigrist2004},
several works have predicted Fano resonance in this system without
\cite{Kubala2002,Ladron2003,Kang2004,Bai2004,Lu2005,Kubo2006} and with \cite{Dong2004,Lopez2005} Coulomb interactions.
In particular, Kang and Cho \cite{Kang2004} revealed analytically that in the double quantum dot AB interferometer, there are two resonances in the steady-state
electron conductance at zero temperature near the bonding and antibonding states,
which are composed of a Breit-Wigner resonance and a Fano resonance. Furthermore, Kubo et al. \cite{Kubo2006}
studied the associated resonances with varying the indirect coupling between double dots through the leads,
and they found that Fano resonance can be suppressed as the indirect coupling strength decreases,
which remains two Breit-Winger peaks in the steady-state conductance.

Using the quantum transport theory based on the master equation approach \cite{Tu2008,Jin2010,Yang2017},
we are able to investigate the transient quantum transport in these novel solid-state systems,
and then can explore how Fano resonance builds up in the time domain.
We derive the transient linear conductance and the elements of reduced density matrix not only at zero
temperature but also at finite temperature.
In the situation of a symmetric setup of the double quantum dot AB interferometer, the conductance can be divided into three terms which correspond respectively
to electron transport through the bonding and the antibonding channels and the interference between these two channels.
By observing the time evolution of each term contributing to the linear conductance,
we obtain the different time scales for the formation of Fano resonance and Breit-Wigner resonance.
Moreover, we investigate the influence of the thermal effects on the time
scales to the formation of the resonances and resonance profiles.
We also compute the time evolution of the reduced density matrix elements of the DQD system.
The results help us to understand the nature of the formation of various resonances
through the transient quantum transport processes.
Also, our results reproduce the steady-state results that have been obtained
at zero temperature in the previous works \cite{Kubala2002,Ladron2003,Kang2004,Bai2004,Lu2005,Kubo2006}.
We expect that the results of the buildup of Fano resonance in the time-domain  can be observed in experiments.

The rest of paper is organized as follows.
The setup of the system, the transient transport based on master equation and the transient linear conductance
in the system of a double quantum dot AB interferometer are derived in Sec.II.
The transient dynamics of the linear conductance and the corresponding reduced density matrix of the double dots
in the symmetric situation in the molecular basis is investigated in Sec. III.
The time scale of the formation of Fano resonance is given. Also, the relation between the resonances and the reduced density matrix is discussed.
Finally, a summary is presented in Sec. IV.

\section{Double quantum dot AB interferometer}
The Hamiltonian of a nanoscale AB interferometer consisting
of two coupled single-level QDs coupled two leads is given by
\begin{align}
H=H_{DQD}+H_{E}+H_{T},
\end{align}
where $H_{DQD}$ and $H_{E}$ are respectively the Hamiltonian of the DQDs and the two leads:
\begin{align}
&H_{DQD}=\sum_{i=1}^{2}\varepsilon_{ij}d_{i}^{\dagger}d_{j}, \\
&H_{E}=\sum_{\alpha=L,R}\sum_{k}\epsilon_{\alpha k}c_{\alpha k}^{\dagger}c_{\alpha k},
\end{align}
and $d_{i}\;(d_{i}^{\dagger})$ and $c_{\alpha k}\;(c_{\alpha k}^{\dagger})$
are respectively the annihilation (creation) operators of electrons
in the $i$th dot and the $k$th level in lead $\alpha$, with
$\varepsilon_{ij}$ and $\epsilon_{\alpha k}$ being the corresponding energy.
The Hamiltonian $H_{T}$ describes the tunnelings between the dots and the leads.
\begin{align}
H_{T}=\sum_{\alpha=L,R}\sum_{i=1}^{2}\sum_{k}(V_{i\alpha k}d_{i}^{\dagger}c_{\alpha k}+h.c).
\end{align}
where $V_{i\alpha k}=\bar{V}_{i\alpha k}e^{i\phi_{i\alpha}}$ with the phase coming from
the magnetic flux $\Phi$ threading into the AB ring.
It gives $\phi_{1L}-\phi_{1R}+\phi_{2R}-\phi_{2L}=2\pi \Phi/\Phi_{0}=\varphi$,
where $\Phi_0$ is the flux quanta.
Here, we focus on the single-particle interference properties and disregard Coulomb interactions, which can be done by
controling the energy scale of the nanodevice to let the interdot Coulomb correlations
become negligible and to set up the DQDs in the Coulomb blockage regime for practical applications.

\subsection{Exact master equation approach for transient quantum transport}
The device described above can be treated as an open quantum system.
The dynamics of the DQD system is described by the reduced density matrix $\rho(t)=\mathrm{Tr}_{E}\left[ \rho_{tot}(t)\right]$, which is obtained by tracing over all
the degrees of freedom of the reservoirs from the total density matrix $\rho_{tot}(t)$ of the DQDs plus the leads.
We have derived the exact master equation which governs the dynamics of $\rho(t)$ for the DQDs \cite{Tu2008,Jin2010,Tu2012,Liu2016,Yang2017}:
\begin{align}
\frac{d\rho(t)}{dt} = & -\frac{i}{\hbar}\left[H_{S}^{\prime}(t),\rho(t)\right] +  \sum_{i,j} \Big\{\gamma_{ij}(t) \big[2d_{j}\rho(t)d_{i}^{\dagger} \nonumber \\
 & -d_{i}^{\dagger}d_{j}\rho(t)-\rho(t)d_{i}^{\dagger}d_{j}\big]  + \widetilde{\gamma}_{ij}(t)\big[d_{i}^{\dagger}\rho(t)d_{j} \nonumber \\
 & -d_{j}\rho(t)d_{i}^{\dagger}+d_{i}^{\dagger}d_{j}\rho(t)-\rho(t)d_{j}d_{i}^{\dagger}\big]\Big\}. \label{master eq}
\end{align}
The first term of Eq.~(\ref{master eq}) describes the unitary evolution of electrons in the device system,
where the renormalized Hamiltonian $H_{S}^{\prime}(t)=\sum_{i,j}\varepsilon_{ij}^{\prime}(t)d_{i}^{\dagger}d_{j}$
with the renormalized energy matrix  $\varepsilon_{ij}^{\prime}(t)$ of the DQDs
includes the energy shift of each level and the lead-induced couplings between different levels.
The remaining terms give the non-unitary dissipation and fluctuation processes
induced by back-actions of the electrons from the leads,
and are described by the dissipation and fluctuation coefficients $\boldsymbol{\gamma}(t)$ and $\widetilde{\boldsymbol{\gamma}}(t)$, respectively.
Explicitly, all the time-dependent coefficients in Eq.~(\ref{master eq}) are found to be,
\begin{subequations}
\begin{align}
& \boldsymbol{\varepsilon}^{\prime}(t) =
  \frac{1}{2}\big[\dot{\boldsymbol{u}}(t,t_0)\boldsymbol{u}^{-1}(t,t_0)- {\rm H.c}\big],
\\
& \boldsymbol{\gamma}(t)  =  -\frac{1}{2}\big[\dot{\boldsymbol{u}}(t,t_0)\boldsymbol{u}^{-1}(t,t_0)+{\rm H.c}\big], \\
& \widetilde{\boldsymbol{\gamma}}(t)  = \dot{\boldsymbol{v}}(t,t) \!-\! \big[\dot{\boldsymbol{u}}(t,t_0)\boldsymbol{u}^{-1}(t,t_0)\boldsymbol{v}(t,t)+{\rm H.c}\big],
\end{align}
\end{subequations}
where functions $\boldsymbol{u}(\tau,t_0)$ and $\boldsymbol{v}(\tau,t)$ satisfy the following integro-differential equations \cite{Tu2008,Jin2010,Yang2017},
\begin{subequations}\label{uv}
\begin{align}
&\frac{d}{d\tau}\boldsymbol{u}(\tau,t_0)+i\boldsymbol{\varepsilon}\boldsymbol{u}(\tau,t_0)+\sum_{\alpha}\int^{\tau}_{t_0}d\tau'
\boldsymbol{g}_{\alpha}(\tau,\tau')\boldsymbol{u}(\tau',t_0)=0, \\
&\frac{d}{d\tau}\boldsymbol{v}(\tau,t)+i\boldsymbol{\varepsilon}\boldsymbol{v}(\tau,t)+\sum_{\alpha}\int^{\tau}_{t_0}d\tau'
\boldsymbol{g}_{\alpha}(\tau,\tau')\boldsymbol{v}(\tau',t) \notag\\
&~~~~~~~~~~~~~=\sum_{\alpha}\int^t_{t_0}d\tau'\widetilde{\boldsymbol{g}}_{\alpha}(\tau,\tau')\boldsymbol{u}^\dag(t,\tau'),
\end{align}
\end{subequations}
subject to the boundary conditions $\boldsymbol{u}(t_0,t_0)=\boldsymbol{1}$ and $\boldsymbol{v}(t_0,t)=\boldsymbol{0}$.
In the above equations, the time non-local integral kernels, $\boldsymbol{g}_\alpha(\tau,\tau')$ and $\widetilde{\boldsymbol{g}}_{\alpha}(\tau,\tau')$
characterizing all the memory effects between the dots and lead $\alpha$ are defined as,
\begin{subequations}
\begin{align}
&\boldsymbol{g}_{\alpha}(\tau,\tau')=\int\frac{d\omega}{2\pi}\boldsymbol{\Gamma}_{\alpha}(\omega)e^{-i\omega(\tau-\tau')}, \\
&\widetilde{\boldsymbol{g}}_{\alpha}(\tau,\tau')=\int\frac{d\omega}{2\pi}\boldsymbol{\Gamma}_{\alpha}(\omega)f_{\alpha}(\omega)e^{-i\omega(\tau-\tau')},
\end{align}
\end{subequations}
where $\boldsymbol{\Gamma}_\alpha(\omega)$ is the spectral density (level broadening) of lead $\alpha$,
\begin{align}
\Gamma_{\alpha i j}(\omega)=2\pi\sum_k V_{i\alpha k}V^*_{j\alpha k}\delta(\omega-\epsilon_{\alpha k}),
\end{align}
and $f_{\alpha}(\omega)=1/(e^{\beta(\omega-\mu_\alpha)}+1)$ is the Fermi-Dirac distribution function of lead $\alpha$ at initial time $t_0$,
and $\beta=1/{k_BT}$, the inverse temperature.
Solving the inhomogeneous equation (\ref{uv}b) with the initial condition $\boldsymbol{v}(t_0,t)=\boldsymbol{0}$, one obtains,
\begin{align}\label{v}
\boldsymbol{v}(\tau,t)=\sum_{\alpha}\int^{\tau}_{t_0}d\tau_1\int^t_{t_0}d\tau_2\boldsymbol{u}(\tau,\tau_1)\widetilde{\boldsymbol{g}}_{\alpha}(\tau_1,\tau_2)\boldsymbol{u}^\dag(t,\tau_2).
\end{align}
In fact, $\boldsymbol{u}(\tau,t_0)$ and $\boldsymbol{v}(\tau,t)$ are related to the retarded Green function and the lesser Green function
of the device system in the nonequilibrium Green function techniques \cite{Haug2008,Wingreen1993,Jauho1994}, and Eq.~(\ref{v})
gives the generalized nonequilibrium fluctuation-dissipation theorem in the time-domain \cite{Zhang2012}.

Also, one can obtain the reduced density matrix $\rho(t)$ by solving the exact master equation (\ref{master eq}).
Denoting the empty state with $|0\rangle$, the state that one electron occupied in dot $i$ with $\left|i\right>$ ($i=1,2$),
and the doubly occupied state by $|d\rangle$,
the elements of reduced density matrix at the later time $t$ for an arbitrary initial DQD state, solving from the master equation (\ref{master eq}), can be expressed as follows \cite{Liu2016},
\begin{subequations}
\label{rho_element}
\begin{align}
&\rho_{00}(t) = A(t)\Big\{ \rho_{00}(t_{0})+\rho_{dd}(t_{0}){\rm det}\left[\boldsymbol{J}_3(t)\right]
\notag\\&~~~~~~~~~~- \sum_{i,j}\rho_{ij}(t_{0})
\boldsymbol{J}_{3ji} (t) \Big\}, \\
&\rho_{11}(t) = 1\!-\!\rho_{00}(t)\!-\!\rho^{(1)}_{22}(t),~\rho_{12}(t) = \rho^{(1)}_{12}(t),\\
& \rho_{22}(t) = 1\!-\!\rho_{00}(t)\!-\!\rho^{(1)}_{11}(t),~ \rho_{21}(t) = \rho_{12}^{*}(t),\\
& \rho_{dd}(t) = 1-\rho_{00}(t)-\rho_{11}(t)-\rho_{22}(t),
\end{align}
\end{subequations}
while the other off-diagonal density matrix elements between the different states are all zero.
The coefficients in Eq.~(\ref{rho_element}) are $A(t)=\det[\boldsymbol{1}-\boldsymbol{v}(t,t)]$,
$\bm{J}_3(t)=\boldsymbol{u}^\dag(t,t_0)[\boldsymbol{1}-\boldsymbol{v}(t,t)]^{-1}\boldsymbol{u}(t,t_0)-\boldsymbol{1}$, and $\rho(t_0)$ is the initial reduced density matrix.
The single-particle correlation function $\rho^{(1)}_{ij}(\tau,t)$ is given by \cite{Tu2008,Jin2010,Yang2017},
\begin{align}\label{rho1}
\rho_{ij}^{(1)}(\tau,t)= [\boldsymbol{u}(\tau,t_0)\boldsymbol{\rho}^{(1)}(t_0)\boldsymbol{u}^\dag(t,t_0)+\boldsymbol{v}(\tau,t)]_{ij}.
\end{align}

On the other hand, the transient transport current of electrons flowing from lead $\alpha$ into the DQDs is defined as
\begin{align}
I_{\alpha}(t)=-e\frac{d}{dt}{\rm Tr}_{S\otimes E}[~\rho_{tot}(t)N_{\alpha}],
\end{align}
where $N_{\alpha}=\sum_k c^\dag_{\alpha k}c_{\alpha k}$ is the total electron number in lead $\alpha$. Using the master equation approach,
the transport current can also be expressed in terms of the same Green functions of the DQDs, $\boldsymbol{u}(\tau,t_0)$ and $\boldsymbol{v}(\tau,t)$, as follows \cite{Tu2008,Jin2010,Yang2017} :
\begin{align}
\label{current}
I_{\alpha}(t) \! = -\frac{2e}{\hbar}{\rm Re}\int^t_{t_0}{\rm Tr}\big[\boldsymbol{g}_{\alpha}(t,\tau)\boldsymbol{\rho}^{(1)}(\tau,t)-
\! \widetilde{\boldsymbol{g}}_{\alpha}(t,\tau)\boldsymbol{u}^\dag(t,\tau) \big].
\end{align}
Indeed, the transient transport current (\ref{current}) obtained from the master equation has exactly the same
form as that derived from Keldysh's nonequilibrium Green function
technique \cite{Haug2008,Wingreen1993,Jauho1994}, except for the dependence of initial conditions,
i.e. the first term in Eq.~(\ref{rho1}),
which was omitted in Ref.~\cite{Haug2008,Wingreen1993,Jauho1994}.

Through the reduced density matrix and the transient transport current, we now can study the transient quantum
transport in the double dot AB interferometer with back-action effects from the contacts, where non-Markovian dissipation
and decoherence are fully taken into account.

\subsection{Transient linear conductance and reduced density matrix in the molecular basis of the DQDs}
Without loss of generality, we set the energy of each dot $\varepsilon_{11}=\varepsilon_{22}=\varepsilon_0$,
and the tunneling matrix between the two dots $\varepsilon_{12}=\varepsilon_{21}=-t_c$.
In order to study the molecular states of the DQDs, we may change the basis by diagonalizing $H_{DQD}$.
Denoting the bonding state (BS) and the antibonding state (AS) with the signs $-$ and $+$ respectively, the Hamiltonian of the DQDs becomes,
\begin{align}
H_{DQD}=\sum_{\nu=\pm}\varepsilon_{\nu}d_{\nu}^{\dagger}d_{\nu},
\end{align}
where $\varepsilon_{\pm}=\varepsilon_0\pm t_c$ are the corresponding energy levels,
and $d_{\pm}$ ($d_{\pm}^{\dagger}$) are the associated annihilation (creation) operators, which are given by:
\begin{align}
\begin{pmatrix} d_+ \\ d_- \end{pmatrix} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\begin{pmatrix} 1 & -1 \\ 1 & 1\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix} d_1 \\ d_2 \end{pmatrix}.
\end{align}
The tunneling Hamiltonian between the molecular states and the leads is transformed to,
\begin{align}
H_T = \sum_{\alpha=L,R}\sum_{\nu=\pm}\sum_{k}(V_{\nu \alpha k} d_{\nu}^{\dagger} c_{\alpha k}+ h.c.),
\end{align}
with the tunneling matrix elements,
\begin{align}
\begin{pmatrix} V_{+ \alpha k} \\ V_{- \alpha k} \end{pmatrix}
= \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}
\begin{pmatrix} 1 & -1 \\ 1 & 1 \end{pmatrix}
\begin{pmatrix} V_{1 \alpha k} \\ V_{2 \alpha k} \end{pmatrix}.
\end{align}
In order to observe a distinct feature of Fano resonances,
one needs to prepare a constant background coupled to a discrete level,
so we take the spectral density of lead $\alpha$ is energy independent,
$\boldsymbol{\Gamma}_{\alpha}(\omega)=\boldsymbol{\Gamma}_{\alpha}$ (i.e. the wide band limit) with
the level-width of the left lead $\Gamma_{L11}=\Gamma_{L22}=\Gamma_{L}$ and the right lead
$\Gamma_{R11}=\Gamma_{R22}=\Gamma_{R}$. Also the indirect interdot couplings through the left lead
$\Gamma_{L12}=\Gamma_{L}e^{i\frac{\varphi}{2}}$ and the right lead $\Gamma_{R12}=\Gamma_{R}e^{-i\frac{\varphi}{2}}$.
Therefore, the level-width matrix $\boldsymbol{\Gamma}_{\alpha}$ in the molecular basis is given by
\begin{align}
\begin{pmatrix}\Gamma_{++} & \Gamma_{+-} \\ \Gamma_{-+} & \Gamma_{--} \end{pmatrix}_{L,R}
=\Gamma_{L,R}\left(\boldsymbol{1}-\vec{\alpha}_{L,R}\cdot\vec{\boldsymbol{\sigma}}\right),
\end{align}
where $\vec{\alpha}_{L,R}\!=\!(\alpha_{L,R}^{x},\alpha_{L,R}^{y},\alpha_{L,R}^{z})\!=\!
(0,\pm\sin\frac{\varphi}{2},\cos\frac{\varphi}{2})$ and $\vec{\boldsymbol{\sigma}}$ are the Pauli matrices.

The transient linear conductance is defined as,
\begin{align}
\label{tranG_def}
\mathcal{G}(t)=\frac{\partial}{\partial V}I(t)|_{V=0},
\end{align}
where $I(t)=1/2~[I_L(t)-I_R(t)]$ is the net transport current and $\mu_{L,R}=E_F\pm eV/2$, in which $E_F$ denotes the Fermi level and $V$ is the bias applied to the two leads.
From Eq.~(\ref{current}) and (\ref{tranG_def}), the transient linear conductance in wide band limit is obtained as,
\begin{widetext}
\begin{align}\label{tranG}
\mathcal{G}(t)=-\frac{e^2}{h}{\rm ReTr}&\Big\{\frac{1}{4}\big(\boldsymbol{\Gamma}_L-\boldsymbol{\Gamma}_R\big)\int^t_{t_0}d\tau_1\int^t_{t_0}d\tau_2\boldsymbol{u}(t,\tau_1)
\big(\boldsymbol{\Gamma}_L-\boldsymbol{\Gamma}_R\big)\int d\omega\frac{\beta/2}{1+\cosh[\beta(\omega-E_F)]}e^{-i\omega(\tau_1-\tau_2)}\boldsymbol{u}^\dag(t,\tau_2)\notag\\
&-\frac{1}{2}\big(\boldsymbol{\Gamma}_L+\boldsymbol{\Gamma}_R\big)\int^t_{t_0}d\tau\int d\omega\frac{\beta/2}{1+\cosh[\beta(\omega-E_F)]}e^{-i\omega(t-\tau)}\boldsymbol{u}^\dag(t,\tau)\Big\},
\end{align}
\end{widetext}
where the retarded Green function $\boldsymbol{u}(t,\tau)$ has the following solution,
\begin{align}\label{u}
\boldsymbol{u}(t,\tau)  =
 \exp\!\Big[-\Big(i\boldsymbol{\varepsilon}+\frac{1}{2}\boldsymbol{\Gamma} \Big)(t-\tau)\Big]\!,
\end{align}
and $\boldsymbol{\varepsilon}=\begin{pmatrix} \varepsilon_{+}& \!\! 0\\0& \varepsilon_{-}\end{pmatrix}$ and $\boldsymbol{\Gamma}=\boldsymbol{\Gamma}_{L}+\boldsymbol{\Gamma}_{R}$.
When the leads are initially at zero temperature ($\beta\rightarrow\infty$),
the frequency dependent term in Eq.~(\ref{tranG}) is reduced to a delta function:
$\frac{\beta/2}{1+\cosh[\beta(\omega-E_F)]}\rightarrow \delta(\omega-E_F)$.
Then in the steady-state limit ($t\rightarrow\infty$), one can reproduce the linear conductance obtained previously in Ref. \cite{Kubala2002,Ladron2003,Kang2004,Bai2004,Lu2005,Kubo2006},
\begin{align}
\label{steadyG}
\mathcal{G}=\frac{e^2}{h}\textrm{Tr}\left[\boldsymbol{\Gamma}_{L}\boldsymbol{G}^{R}(E_F)\boldsymbol{\Gamma}_{R}\boldsymbol{G}^{A}(E_F)\right],
\end{align}
where the retarded Green function in energy domain,
\begin{align}
\mathbf{G}^{R}(E_F) & = -i\lim_{t\rightarrow\infty}\lim_{t_0\rightarrow-\infty}\int_{t_0}^{t}e^{iE_F (t-\tau)}\boldsymbol{u}(t,\tau)d\tau, \notag \\
 & = \Big(  E_F \boldsymbol{I}-  \boldsymbol{\varepsilon}+ \frac{i}{2} \boldsymbol{\Gamma} \Big)^{-1},
\end{align}
and the advanced Green function $\mathbf{G}^{A}(E_F)=[\mathbf{G}^{R}(E_F)]^\dag$.

In the molecular basis,
the elements of reduced density matrix for an arbitrary initial DQD state are expressed as \cite{Liu2016},
\begin{subequations}
\begin{align}
&\rho_{00}(t) = A(t)\Big\{ \rho_{00}(t_{0})+\rho_{dd}(t_{0}){\rm det}\left[\boldsymbol{J}_3(t)\right]
\notag\\&~~~~~~~~~~- \!\!\!\!\!\sum_{\nu,\nu'= \pm}\!\!\! \rho_{\nu\nu'}(t_{0})
\boldsymbol{J}_{3\nu'\nu} (t) \Big\}, \\
&\rho_{++}(t) = 1\!-\!\rho_{00}(t)\!-\!\rho^{(1)}_{--}(t),~\rho_{+-}(t) = \rho^{(1)}_{+-}(t),\\
& \rho_{--}(t) = 1\!-\!\rho_{00}(t)\!-\!\rho^{(1)}_{++}(t),~ \rho_{-+}(t) = \rho_{+-}^{*}(t),\\
& \rho_{dd}(t) = 1-\rho_{00}(t)-\rho_{++}(t)-\rho_{--}(t).
\end{align}
\end{subequations}
If the dots are initially in an empty state, the elements of the reduced density matrix are simplified to,
\begin{subequations}
\label{rho_em}
\begin{align}
&\rho_{00}(t)= \det[\boldsymbol{1}-\boldsymbol{v}(t,t)], \\
&\rho_{++}(t) = 1\!-\!\rho_{00}(t)\!-\!\boldsymbol{v}_{--}(t,t),~~\rho_{+-} = \boldsymbol{v}_{+-}(t,t),\\
& \rho_{--}(t) = 1\!-\!\rho_{00}(t)\!-\!\boldsymbol{v}_{++}(t,t),~~\rho_{-+} = \boldsymbol{v}_{+-}^{*}(t,t),\\
& \rho_{dd} = \det[\boldsymbol{v}(t,t)],
\end{align}
\end{subequations}
Thus, the reduced density matrix elements of the DQDs are also fully determined by the Green function solution Eq.~(\ref{v})
through the solution Eq.~(\ref{u}).

\section{Buildup of Fano resonance in the time domain}

\subsection{Steady-state Fano resonance}
To get an instructive physical picture, we shall present first the steady-state result of the Fano resonance in this
double-dot AB interferometer. With loss of generality, we focus on the case of the symmetric geometry $\Gamma_L=\Gamma_R=\Gamma/2$.
Then, according Eq.~(\ref{steadyG}), the steady-state linear conductance at zero temperature is explicitly given by,
\begin{align}\label{G_Kang}
\mathcal{G}=\frac{e^2}{h}\frac{(e_+-e_-)^2}{(e^2_++1)(e^2_-+1)}.
\end{align}
The dimensionless energies $e_{+,-}\equiv(E_F-\varepsilon_{+,-})/(\Gamma_{+,-}/2)$, with
$\Gamma_+=\Gamma_{L++}+\Gamma_{R++}=2\Gamma\sin^2(\varphi/4)$ and
$\Gamma_-=\Gamma_{L--}+\Gamma_{R--}=2\Gamma\cos^2(\varphi/4)$ which are sensitive to the AB phase.
Equation~(\ref{G_Kang}) reproduces the results in Ref.~\cite{Kang2004},
and reveals two resonances,
a Breit-Wigner resonance and a Fano resonance,
when the bandwidth
of the two molecular states $\Gamma_+\gg\Gamma_-$ or $\Gamma_-\gg\Gamma_+$.
Explicitly, when $\Gamma_+\gg\Gamma_-$, in the energy scale near the antibonding energy ($|e_-|\gg 1$),
the conductance of Eq.~(\ref{steadyG}) follows the Breit-Wigner form of its width $\Gamma_+/2$ \cite{Kang2004}:
\begin{align}
\mathcal{G}\simeq\frac{e^2}{h} \frac{1}{e^2_++1}.
\end{align}
While in the energy scale near the bonding energy ($|e_-|\lesssim 1$), one can find that the conductance shows Fano resonance profile:
\begin{align}
\mathcal{G}\simeq \frac{e^2}{h}\frac{1}{q^2+1}\frac{(e_-+q)^2}{e^2_-+1},
\end{align}
where the Fano factor $q=4t_c/\Gamma_+$ which is the ratio of the interdot coupling and the level broadening of the antiboding state.
Thus, the conductance is composed of a Breit-Wigner
resonance at the antibonding energy and a Fano resonance near the bonding energy.
If one takes $\Gamma_-\gg \Gamma_+$, the same analysis is applied with the
role of the bonding and antibonding states interchanged with the Fano factor given by $q=-4t_c/\Gamma_-$.

To get a better understanding of the electron transport behavior through different paths,
we divide the linear conductance Eq.~(\ref{steadyG}) into components flowing through
the bonding and antibonding state channels,
plus the interference of electron transport through different paths in the AB ring geometry,
\begin{align}
\mathcal{G}=\mathcal{G}_++\mathcal{G}_-+\mathcal{G}_{+-}.
\end{align}
In this case, the components are reduced to
\begin{subequations}\label{steadyG'}
\begin{align}
\mathcal{G}_{\pm}=&\frac{e^2}{h}\Gamma_{L\pm\pm}\Gamma_{R\pm\pm}\left|G_{\pm\pm}^{R}(E_F)\right|^{2}=\frac{e^2}{h}\frac{1}{e^2_\pm+1}, \\
\mathcal{G}_{+-}=& ~2\frac{e^2}{h}\mathrm{Re}\big\{\Gamma_{L+-}G_{--}^{R}\Gamma_{R-+}G_{++}^{A}\big\}\notag\\
=&-\frac{e^2}{h}\frac{2(e_+e_-+1)}{(e^2_++1)(e^2_-+1)},
\end{align}
\end{subequations}
where $\mathcal{G}_{\pm}$ are respectively the conductance of electron counter
flowing through the bonding and antibonding state channels as shown in Fig.~\ref{G_diff_path}(a),
which gives two Breit-Wigner resonances in the electron conductance. On the other hand,
because there is no direct coupling between the bonding and antibonding states
(Green function $\boldsymbol{u}(t,t_0)$ is diagonal),
$\mathcal{G}_{+-}$ describes interference between electron transport through bonding
and antibonding channels, induced by the indirect
interdot coupling through the two leads as shown in Fig.~\ref{G_diff_path}(b). This interference leads to Fano resonance.
Thus, it is obvious that when there is no indirect interdot coupling, Fano resonance will be suppressed, which results in
two Breit-Winger peaks in the steady-state conductance as shown in Ref.~\cite{Kubo2006}.

Figure~\ref{G_steady} shows the conductances as a function of Fermi energy of the leads for different values
of $\varphi$ which solely determines the band width and the Fano factor when one fixes the interdot coupling $t_c$.
One can see that conductance terms $\mathcal{G}_+$ and $\mathcal{G}_-$ contribute two Breit-Winger peaks at the bonding and antibonding energies as discussed above.
Meanwhile, the interference term $\mathcal{G}_{+-}$ is every sensitive to the AB phase.
For $\varphi=0.3\pi$, $\Gamma_-\gg\Gamma_+$,
the interference term makes a destructive and a constructive contributions to the resonance transport to the antibonding state,
which induces a Fano resonance at the antibonding state energy in the total condutance.
The interference pattern shows full constructive and destructive interferences around resonance frequency $\varepsilon_+$.
As a result, the total conductance of the system shows a Breit-Wigner resonance
and a Fano resonance at the bonding and antibonding state energies, respectively.
When the AB phase changes, for example, $\varphi=0.7\pi$, the interference term $\mathcal{G}_{+-}$ still leads to Fano resonance
at the antibonding state except that factor $q$ gets larger because of the smaller $\Gamma_-$.
When $\varphi=\pi$, $\Gamma_-=\Gamma_+$, the interference term $\mathcal{G}_{+-}$ is symmetric with the Fermi energy $E_F$.
Actually, it induces two Fano resonances around the bonding and antiboding state energies with $q=-4$ and $q=4$ in the total conductance, respectively.
On the other limit, $\varphi=1.3\pi$ and $\varphi=1.7\pi$ for $\Gamma_+\gg\Gamma_-$, the role of the bonding
and antibonding states interchanges, such that the conductance consists of
a Breit-Wigner resonance at the antibonding state energy, and a Fano resonace at the bonding state energy.
\begin{figure}
\centerline{\scalebox{0.27}{\includegraphics{G_diff_path.pdf}}}
\caption{Different paths for electron transport between the source and drain in the symmetric situation.
(a)Electrons counter transport through bonding and antibonding channels, respectively.
(b)Electrons transport through both bonding and antibonding channels.}
\label{G_diff_path}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\centerline{\scalebox{0.4}{\includegraphics{G_steady.pdf}}}
\caption{Components of steady linear conductance at zero temperature as a function of Fermi energy for different $\varphi$, where $\varepsilon_0=0$, $t_c=1/\Gamma$.}
\label{G_steady}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Buildup of Fano resonance in the time-domain}
After examining the above general steady-state resonance behaviors, we now explore the real-time dynamics of the buildup of Fano resonance. We set $t_0=0$ hereafter.
The time evolution of the transient linear conductance at zero temperature with the AB phase $\varphi=1.7\pi$ ($\Gamma_+\gg\Gamma_-$) is displayed in Fig.~\ref{G_kT=0}.
At the beginning ($t=1/\Gamma$), because the coupling of the antibonding state to the two leads is much larger than that of the bonding state,
electrons mainly transport to the antibonding state, although its energy is higher than
that of the bonding state. As one can see from Fig.~\ref{G_kT=0}, when $t=1/\Gamma$, the component $\mathcal{G}_+$
grows faster and forms a resonance at the antibonding state energy, while $\mathcal{G}_-$ and
$\mathcal{G}_{+-}$ are almost zero.
As time increasing, $\mathcal{G}_+$ (Fig.~\ref{G_kT=0}(a)) rapidly steadies to a Breit-Winger resonance
with full transmission at the antibonding state energy within $t=5/\Gamma$.
The time scale to reach the steady state for the Breit-Wigner resonance is determined by the Green function
component $u_{++}(t,t_0)$. Thus, this time scale is proportional to the inverse of the decay rate $\Gamma_+/2$ of $u_{++}(t,t_0)$ (See Eq.~(\ref{u})).
On the other hand, the steady state of $\mathcal{G}_-$ and $\mathcal{G}_{+-}$ is reached in the scale of the inverse of the decay rate $\Gamma_-/2$.
The formation of Fano resonance at the bonding state energy comes from the combination of these two terms in this case.
Therefore, the time scale of the formation of the Fano resonance is determined by the coupling
between the bonding state and the two leads, which is much longer than the time scale of the
formation of the Breit-Wigner resonance. In Fig.~\ref{G_kT=0}(d), the time evolution of the total conductance is presented, and as one can see the
Fano resonance is fully buildup around $t \simeq 80/\Gamma$, where
the interference pattern combines both the full constructive and destructive interferences.
\begin{figure}
\centerline{\scalebox{0.35}{\includegraphics{G_kT=0.pdf}}}
\caption{Time evolution of the components of steady linear conductance at zero temperature as a function of Fermi energy, where $\varepsilon_0=0$, $t_c=1/\Gamma$ and $\varphi=1.7\pi$.}
\label{G_kT=0}
\end{figure}

Considering the thermal effect, the transient dynamics of the linear conductance at
initial temperature of the leads $k_BT=0.1\Gamma$ is shown in Fig.~\ref{G_kT=01}.
For the conductance through the antibonding channel (Fig.~\ref{G_kT=01}(a)),
the result is almost the same as that in the zero temperature case, except
that the transmission at the antibonding energy is slightly decreased due to the thermal effect.
In this case, the level width of the antibonding state $\Gamma_+/2 \backsimeq 0.95\Gamma$ (for $\varphi=1.7\pi$) still dominates the damping, while
the temperature induced level broadening is proportional to $k_BT=0.1\Gamma$.
Hence, the resonant transport through the antibonding channel is less affected by thermal broadening effect.
For the conductance passing bonding channels and the interference between the bonding and antibonding channels (Fig.~\ref{G_kT=01}(b) and \ref{G_kT=01}(c)),
the resonant behavior depends mainly on level width $\Gamma_-/2\backsimeq 0.05\Gamma$ (for $\varphi=1.7\pi$)
which is less than the thermal broadening effect ($k_BT=0.1\Gamma$).
Thus, the amplitudes of the resonance peak of $\mathcal{G}_-$ and the conductance $\mathcal{G}_{+-}$ are significantly suppressed by the thermal effect.
Moreover, the time scale to the steady state of conductance $\mathcal{G}_-$ and $\mathcal{G}_{+-}$ is also largely reduced due to the thermal fluctuations.
As a result, the Fano resonance is strongly suppressed as one can see from the total linear conductance $\mathcal{G}$ in Fig.~\ref{G_kT=01}(d),
where the full constructive and destructive inferences in the
Fano resonance are significantly reduced.
\begin{figure}
\centerline{\scalebox{0.35}{\includegraphics{G_kT=01.pdf}}}
\caption{Time evolution of the components of steady linear conductance as a function of Fermi energy at initial temperature of lead $k_BT=0.1\Gamma$, where $\varepsilon_0=0$, $t_c=1/\Gamma$ and $\varphi=1.7\pi$.}
\label{G_kT=01}
\end{figure}

\subsection{The electron distributions in the molecular states associated with Fano resonance in terms of the reduced density matrix}

To see how the state of the DQD system changes when resonances happen,
we turn to explore the dynamics of the reduced density matrix of the DQDs.
Consider the system initially in an empty state,
the elements of the reduced density matrix are given by Eq.~(\ref{rho_em}),
which are fully determined by Green function $\boldsymbol{v}(t,t)$.
In the symmetric setup of the DQDs ($\Gamma_L=\Gamma_R=\Gamma/2$),
the off-diagonal terms of the reduced density matrix in the molecular basis
are zero because Green function $\boldsymbol{v}(t,t)$ is diagonal.
Moreover, we let the leads be unbiased, i.e. $\mu_L=\mu_R=E_F$,
the transient dynamics of the reduced density matrix at
zero temperature with AB phase $\varphi=1.7\pi$ ($\Gamma_+\gg\Gamma_-$) is shown in Fig.~\ref{rho_kT=0}.
In the beginning ($t=1/\Gamma$), electron transport is dominated by the coupling between the DQDs and the leads.
As $E_F$ varying from negative to positive energy by gate control of the dot energy $\varepsilon_0$, electrons prefer to occupy the antibonding state because of its
larger coupling to the leads, so that the empty state probability $\rho_{00}$ is
decreased and the antibonding state probability $\rho_{++}$ is increased while $\rho_{--}$ and $\rho_{dd}$ almost keep to zero.
With time going ($t\geqslant 5/\Gamma$), electrons transport from the leads to the DQDs
will also be trapped in the bonding state when $E_F>\varepsilon_-$, which results in the increase of the probability of the doubly occupied state as well.
As one can see, later than $t=5/\Gamma$, $\rho_{--}$ dramatically increases after $E_F$
passing the bonding state energy $\varepsilon_-$ and then decreases after reaching a maximum value.
The maximum value gets larger with time going as shown in Fig.~\ref{rho_kT=0}.
The probability of the doubly occupied state $\rho_{dd}$ also increases when $E_F>\varepsilon_-$ and keeping climbing with $E_F$.
While the probability of the antibonding state is decreased with time after $E_F$ passing bonding state energy $\varepsilon_-$.

Eventually, when the total system reaches the steady-state limit ($t=80/\Gamma$),
we can see that in the range $E_F<\varepsilon_-$, the state of the DQD system has the most probability in an empty state ($\rho_{00} \backsimeq 1$),
while there are a few probabilities for electrons to occupy in the antibonding state because of its larger coupling to the leads.
At $E_F=\varepsilon_-$ ($\varepsilon_-=-\Gamma$ in Fig.~\ref{rho_kT=0}), there are two abrupt transitions for the occupation probabilities. One is between the empty
state $\rho_{00}$ and the bonding state $\rho_{--}$, the other one is between the antibonding state $\rho_{++}$ and the doubly occupied state $\rho_{dd}$.
Both of the transitions imply that there is a resonant tunneling from the leads to the bonding state.
In the range $E_F>\varepsilon_-$, the probabilities $\rho_{00}$ and $\rho_{++}$ rapidly reduce to zero.
As mentioned, the probability $\rho_{--}$ reaches a maximum value and then decreases in large $E_F$,
while $\rho_{dd}$ keeps climbing with $E_F$,
which leads to a crossover between
the bonding state and doubly occupied state at $E_F=\varepsilon_+$  ($\varepsilon_+=\Gamma$ in Fig.~\ref{rho_kT=0}).
Compared with the transient conductance in Fig.~\ref{G_kT=0}, we find that resonances happens when there is a transition of the occupation probabilities between
the states differing with one electron, e.g. $\left|0\right>\leftrightarrow\left|\pm\right>$ or $\left|\pm\right>\leftrightarrow\left|d\right>$.
The transition with gentle slope (namely a crossover) leads to a Breit-Wigner resonance, whereas the abrupt transition leads to a Fano resonance.
In particular, in Fig.~\ref{rho_kT=0}, the Breit-Wigner resonance at the antibonding state energy
happens when crossovers happen from $\rho_{00}$ to $\rho_{++}$ and from $\rho_{--}$ to $\rho_{dd}$.
Fano resonance happens
at the bonding state energy when probability transits abruptly from $\rho_{00}$ to $\rho_{--}$ and from $\rho_{++}$ to $\rho_{dd}$.
However, when the thermal effect is considered,
the elements of reduced density matrix turn into the ones shown in Fig.~\ref{rho_kT=01}.
Figure ~\ref{rho_kT=01} shows that the abrupt transitions at the bonding state energy is apparently eased off because of thermal effects.
In other words, the thermal effects smear Fano resonance.
\begin{figure*}
\hspace*{-15mm}
\vspace*{-3cm}
\centerline{\scalebox{0.55}{\includegraphics{rho_kT=0.pdf}}}
\caption{Time evolution of the elements of the reduced density matrix of the DQDs at zero temperature,
where $\varepsilon_0=0$, $t_c=1/\Gamma$ and $\varphi=1.7\pi$.
The vertical dashed lines denote the happening of resonances.}
\label{rho_kT=0}
\end{figure*}

\begin{figure*}
\hspace*{-15mm}
\vspace*{-3cm}
\centerline{\scalebox{0.55}{\includegraphics{rho_kT=01.pdf}}}
\caption{Time evolution of the elements of the reduced density matrix of the DQDs at zero temperature, where $\varepsilon_0=0$, $t_c=1/\Gamma$ and $\varphi=1.7\pi$.}
\label{rho_kT=01}
\end{figure*}
\section{Summary}
In summary, using the quantum transport theory based on the master equation approach \cite{Tu2008,Jin2010,Yang2017},
we obtain the transient linear conductance and the elements of reduced density matrix of
the DQDs not only at zero temperature but also at finite temperature.
The conductance can be divided into components flowing through
the bonding and antibonding state channels, plus the in-
interference of electron transport through different paths
in the AB ring geometry.
We investigate the transient dynamics in terms of each component of linear conductance.
We find that the time scale for the formation of Fano resonance is much slower than
the formation of the Breit-Wigner resonance because the large differences of the coupling between
the each level of DQDs and the leads. Therefore, Fano resonance can be smeared easily by the thermal effect.
From the transient dynamics of the reduced density matrix,
we find that resonances happens when there is a transition of the occupation probabilities between
the states differing by one electron, e.g. $\left|0\right>\leftrightarrow\left|\pm\right>$ or $\left|\pm\right>\leftrightarrow\left|d\right>$.
The transition with gentle slope (corresponding to a crossover) leads to a Breit-Wigner resonance, whereas the abrupt transition leads to a Fano resonance.
This abrupt transition will be eased up with thermal effect comes in.
The real-time dynamics of electron conductance in the double-dot AB interferometer help us to understand origin of the formation of
Fano resonance which are expected to be observed in future experiments.

\section{Acknowledgements}
We thank Amnon Aharony and Ora Entin-Wohlman for helpful discussions and suggestions on the Manuscript.
This work is supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the Republic of China under the contract No. MOST 105-2112-M-006-008-MY3

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


New Music Friday (12 April 2019) · K-POPPED!
yourbeagle is an artist that can do.. EVERYTHING! She can rap and singe in a way that is perfectly suitable for the current streaming scene… slightly raw, vulnerable, but a full of emotion.
SHOW ME THE MONEY alumni reunion!
SHOW ME THE MONEY Champion, Basick drops a fearless rap track 'me' (from the album: 'whatiwant') featuring the scene's hottest rapper EK from a Hip Hop culture crew M.B.A.
A viral TV series 'Welcome to Waikiki' kicks off season 2 starring Lee Yi Kyung, An So Hee (ex Wonder Girls), and Kim Seon Ho presents the Part. 3 OST single!
For the Part. 3 – A singer-songwriter Kriesha Chu presents a bubbly acoustic single 'Delight'.


What can RDS Conservation do for you?
Rob Sheldon has worked in nature conservation for almost 20 years, including 12 years with the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB). Since 2013, he has been the Chairman of the Ornithological Society of the Middle East, The Caucasus and Central Asia (OSME). Most recently he has worked for the Zoological Society of London (ZSL) as the Director of the King Khalid Wildlife Research Centre (KKWRC) in Saudi Arabia.
He now works freelance as a consultant through RDS Conservation. For further information on what services RDS Conservation can offer, please follow this link.


text:
Oct. 8, 2019 / 2:09 PM
Fish & Wildlife Service removes songbird from protection after recovery
Danielle Haynes
The population of the Kirtland's warbler increased from 167 pairs in 1974 to more than 2,000 pairs in the most recent census. Photo by Vince Cavalieri/U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
Oct. 8 (UPI) -- The U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service removed federal protection Tuesday for a songbird that calls northern Michigan home after the bird made a "remarkable" recovery due to decades of conservation efforts, officials said.
FWS Deputy Director Margaret Everson said the Kirtland's warbler, a small black and yellow bird, no longer warrants protection under the Endangered Species Act.
The songbird was one of the first species to be put on the federal list of endangered and threatened species in 1967. Since then, it's population has grown from 167 pairs to about 2,300 pairs as of the latest census.
"Today's action by the U.S Department of the Interior marks the latest chapter in a remarkable wildlife success story," Michigan Department of Natural Resources Director Dan Eichinger said.
RELATED New species drawn to restored pine savanna patches in South Carolina
"The bird's recovery provides dramatic testimony to what conservation organizations, governments and businesses can accomplish when they come together for the good of the resource."
The Kirtland's warbler population was edged out of northern Michigan by cowbirds, which lay their eggs in warbler nests. Cowbird chicks are much larger than the songbirds and are able to outcompete their smaller nest mates for food from warbler parents.
State and federal wildlife officials ensured a more robust breeding habitat for Kirtland's warblers through large-scale timber harvesting. The birds build their nests in smaller jack pine trees, but modern wildfire suppression meant the trees grew too large for the birds.
RELATED Birds, mammals drove camouflage adaptations of stick, leaf insects
"Private forest owners are proud partners in this major milestone and committed to the long-term health of the Kirtland's warbler," said Dave Tenny, founding president and CEO of the National Alliance of Forest Owners.
"Private forest owners are an essential part of conservation success -- 360 million acres of working forests across the country are privately owned. We proudly work with the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service and conservation partners to develop and implement smart management decisions that support a wide range of wildlife across the country."
The FWS announcement comes two months after the Interior Department said it planned to overhaul the ESA to limit which animals are allowed on the endangered species list and allow the government to consider economic factors when deciding threats to wildlife.
RELATED Climate change could push animal species into new rivalries
In September, a coalition of 17 states, Washington, D.C., and the city of New York filed a lawsuit against the Trump administration for the rollbacks of the ESA.
The lawsuit states that the changes are arbitrary and capricious under the Administrative Procedure Act, unauthorized under the Endangered Species Act and unlawful under the National Environmental Policy Act.
It specifically cites the actions to "inject economic considerations" into the act's analyses, restrict the circumstances under which species can be listed as threatened and reduce consultation and analyses required before taking federal action, among other aspects.
RELATED Veterinary drugs pushing dung beetles to the brink of extinction
"As we face the unprecedented threat of a climate emergency now is the time to strengthen our planet's biodiversity, not destroy it," California Attorney General Xavier Becerra said. "The only thing we want to see extinct are the beastly policies of the Trump administration putting our ecosystems in critical danger."
Xavier Becerra
Notable deaths of 2021

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
WFA releases full version of Global Media Charter to reform digital ad ecosystem
WFA Global Media Charter calls for agencies, ad-tech companies, media owners and platforms to work alongside advertisers to create a safer, more transparent, more consumer-friendly environment
Press release June 21, 2018
The World Federation of Advertisers has published a Global Media Charter, designed to create the conditions for a marketing ecosystem that works better for brands and consumers. The document is available at www.wfanet.org/mediacharter.
Developed by more than ten of the world's top advertisers[1] as well as advertiser associations in the top ten global ad markets[2], the Global Media Charter sets out eight clear 'Principles for Partnership' designed to create a better, more balanced, digital marketing ecosystem.
It seeks to build on the concerns highlighted by Procter & Gamble[3] and Unilever[4] in the areas of transparency, brand safety, ad fraud and viewability by creating a framework that agencies, ad-tech companies and media platforms should comply with if they want to secure advertising revenues in the future.
WFA has worked closely with Procter & Gamble, Unilever, Mastercard and Diageo among other companies as well as advertiser associations in countries including the US, UK, China, Japan, Germany and France to develop the principles which seek to recalibrate the relationships between the tripartite of client, agency and media owners.
Consumer trust in online ads is at an all-time low, especially for online advertising[5], while ad blocking is growing 30% a year globally[6]. WFA believes that the principles outlined in the charter, especially those focused on the responsible use of data, are essential if consumer trust in digital advertising is to be rebuilt.
"The digital ecosystem has grown so rapidly, it's no wonder that it's far from perfect. But the time for indulgence is over. The largest chunk of the world's marketing budgets is now invested in digital platforms and advertisers have a right to demand that the money they invest can be clearly tracked and understood. It's not just about knowing that budgets have been well spent. We also need to be reassured that brand and consumer interests are protected in these new platforms," said Stephan Loerke, CEO of the World Federation of Advertisers.
The eight Principles for Partnership require action from both advertisers and those across the media value chain. They are:
Zero tolerance to ad fraud with compensation for any breach: a streamlined process to refund all media investments, including fees/commissions, found to be associated with invalid traffic/non-human impressions. Advertisers seek to use accredited third-party verification solutions to assess exposure to ad fraud.
Strict brand safety protection: Advertisers require platforms and publishers to accept responsibility for the content carried on their sites and to employ comprehensive and rigorous safeguards on which accounts and channels can host paid advertising. Advertisers commit not to target media investment at content platforms that misuse and infringe IP laws or sites responsible for fake news content or disinformation.
Minimum viewability thresholds: Brands should be able to trade against the viewability level that is appropriate for their business including 100% in-view for full duration, if desired. Advertisers understand that higher viewability standards could impact on inventory supply and campaign reach.
Transparency throughout the supply-chain: complete transparency through the supply chain (digital or otherwise) covering pricing and trading, fees and costs, placement and data usage. Advertisers respect the right of partners to be profitable and commit to relevant and fair levels of remuneration for services rendered.
Third-party verification and measurement as a minimum requirement: Self-reported data is unacceptable, and advertisers need third-party verification that inventory is viewable, fraud free, brand safe and on-target. Advertisers commit to prioritise third-party ad serving and verification companies who are audited and certified by the relevant industry-approved bodies.
Removal of 'walled garden' issues: data and technology should be unbundled, allowing advertisers to use the third-party buying platform of their choice in any and all environments. Publishers and platforms should work to create a solution that provides impression level data with spend tracking companies to enable brands to track media spend in their category and competitive set.
Improving standards with data transparency: Data supply chain partners must uphold the same high standards outlined in the WFA's Data Transparency Manifesto[7]. Advertisers commit to working with partners to ensure data is ethically and transparently sourced as well as securely stored with appropriate assurance mechanisms, including audits. Data collection should be the minimum required to deliver a quality advertising experience.
Take steps to improve the consumer experience: Consumers are becoming increasingly frustrated with ads that disrupt their experience, interrupt content, slow browsing or eat up their data allowances. Advertisers and platforms should design commercial communication opportunities so that they are less intrusive and offer a better user experience.
WFA, alongside the companies and advertiser associations who helped develop this charter, are calling on all players in the media value chain to work together to implement these eight principles.
Ben Jankowski, Senior Vice President of Media at Mastercard and co-chair of WFA Media Forum said "As the market continues to change quickly, global brands are being more tangible and specific about what we expect from the entire ecosystem; our tech partners, agency partners media owners and digital platforms. The WFA's Global Media Charter is designed to ensure that everyone has the same common understanding of what we all need to do to thrive. Everyone should join us on this journey."
Luis Di Como, EVP Global Media, Unilever added "Whether it be viewability, measurement, ad fraud of brand safety, we must work collectively to drive quality and transparency for our consumers and ourselves as advertisers. The Global Media Charter builds on Unilever's Responsibility Framework and is an essential step on the journey to a better digital ecosystem for the industry and society."
The topics addressed in the Global Media Charter have been discussed in thousands of meetings and on countless conference stages: non-transparent media, conflicts of interest, rebates & incentives, data ownership & management, brand protection. The list is long. The challenge we as an industry face is bigger still. We need to rebuild trust: between brands and consumers, between brands and agencies and between brands and publishers. It might seem like an impossible task but the WFA Global Media Charter draws an important line in the sand. It identifies, in no uncertain language, what steps the industry needs to take to rebuild trust. Let us start the long and winding road by first making our demands and expectations clear. Then we need to work collaboratively, step by step. Be part of the journey. The time has come," said Gerhard Louw, international Media management and digital transformation at Deutsche Telekom
WFA President and RBS CMO, David Wheldon, added "The digital eco-system is a minefield for consumers and brands, with the result that online advertising is less and less trusted by consumers and brands are often left questioning their investment strategies. It's high time the industry as a whole drew a line in the sand and said enough is enough; things need to change and fast. The WFA Global Media Charter is critical in that it lists what brands need from their online partners so that the system can be sustainable. Put simply, it's the only future for the online advertising ecosystem."
[1] Including The Coca-Cola Company, Diageo, Deutsche Telekom, FrieslandCampina, L'Oreal, Mastercard, McDonalds, Nestle, P&G, Philips, Unilever
[2] Australia, Brasil, Canada, China, France, Germany, UK, US
[3] Marc Pritchard speech at IAB US, January 29 2017
[4] Keith Weed, speech at IAB US, February 12 2017
[5] https://digiday.com/marketing/global-state-consumer-trust-advertising-5-charts/
[6] https://pagefair.com/blog/2017/adblockreport/
[7] https://www.wfanet.org/news-centre/wfa-manifesto-for-online-data-transparency/
Media Charter page
WFA Media Charter 2018
For more information or questions, please contact Matt Green
at m.green@wfanet.org.
/ Newsletter
WFA sends a monthly newsletter on its priority issues to over 6000 contacts. Sign up here, free of charge.


text:
ASA Files Amicus Brief With Supreme Court in Support of Marriage Equality
The American Sociological Association (ASA) filed an amicus curiae brief yesterday with the Supreme Court of the United States in the same-sex marriage cases currently pending before the court. The ASA's brief highlights the social science consensus that children raised by same-sex parents fare just as well as children raised by different-sex parents.
Sociologists Available to Discuss Same-Sex Marriage
With the Supreme Court of the United States expected to rule imminently in the case of Obergefell v. Hodges, which addresses the matter of marriage equality and the constitutional status of state bans on same-sex marriage, the American Sociological Association (ASA) has a number of sociologists available to discuss same-sex marriage.
Elements of Professional Expertise: Understanding Relational and Substantive Expertise through Lawyers' Impact
Lawyers keep the gates of public justice institutions, particularly through their roles in formal procedures like hearings and trials. Yet, it is not clear what lawyers do in such quintessentially legal settings: conclusions from past research are bedeviled by a lack of clear theory and inconsistencies in research design. Conceptualizing litigation work in terms of professional expertise, I conduct a theoretically grounded synthesis of the findings of extant studies of lawyers' impact on civil case outcomes.
Managed Informality: Regulating Street Vendors in Bangkok
The article focuses on the relationship between street vendors and local authorities in Bangkok. We examine the goals, the means, and the effects of everyday regulation of street vending. We document how the district administration produces and maintains informality by creating a parallel set of rules where street vendors enjoy negligible rents and little competition. We provide detailed empirical evidence on earnings, rents, fines, and rules regarding commercial real estate.
Interreligious Contact, Perceived Group Threat, and Perceived Discrimination: Predicting Negative Attitudes among Religious Minorities and Majorities in Indonesia
This study examines the relationship between interreligious contact and negative attitudes toward the religious outgroup among minority Christians and majority Muslims in Indonesia. It answers two research questions: Does interreligious contact reduce negative outgroup attitudes equally for minority Christians and majority Muslims? Are mediation by perceived group threat and moderation by perceived discrimination equally important for religious minorities and majorities?
(-) Remove Sociological Practice filter Sociological Practice
(-) Remove Law and Society filter Law and Society


Design studies for advanced treatment modalities, with focus on CNS therapeutics.
Confirm target engagement and biologic impact.
You can view the session in its entirety by viewing the program agenda.
Dr. Richard Scheyer is VP Medical Affairs at Medpace. Prior to Medpace, he led Experimental Medicine, BM, and PGx functions at Daiichi Sankyo. He served in leadership roles at Sanofi-Aventis and CMO at Neurotrope Bioscience. Dr. Scheyer received his BS Physics from Stanford, MD from SUNY Upstate, and completed residency and fellowship at Yale before joining the Neurology faculty. He served on the FNIH Biomarkers Consortium and the Board of the SAE Consortium.
Medpace is a scientifically-driven, global, full-service clinical contract research organization (CRO) providing Phase I-IV clinical development services to the biotechnology, pharmaceutical and medical device industries. Medpace's mission is to accelerate the global development of safe and effective medical therapeutics through its high-science and disciplined operating approach that leverages local regulatory and deep therapeutic expertise across all major areas including oncology, cardiology, metabolic disease, endocrinology, central nervous system and anti-viral and anti-infective. Headquartered in Cincinnati, Ohio, Medpace employs approximately 2,600 people across 36 countries.


The Nine of Coins brings in a time of stability , both in self and finances. The Lovers card makes its entrance, you are rewarded with a raising of your consciousness.
The Ace of Cups tells us that your creativity and personal growth in all things (love, spirituality, life) is elevated and on the rise today. The Four of Wands tells us that in doing so, your light, your energy, your vitality shines brightly upon those around you.


text:
Glanmire (iriska: Gleann Maghair) är en stad belägen strax utanför Cork i grevskapet Cork på Irland. Staden har cirka 40 000 invånare och växer kraftigt eftersom flera nya bostadshus byggs. Regionen Glanmire bildades efter en sammanslagning av byar och samhällen, däribland Glanmire, Riverstown, Brooklodge, Glyntown, Copper Valley och Sallybrook.

Orter i Cork

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Daniel Asbury "Danny" Mixon (* 19. August 1949 in Harlem, New York City) ist ein US-amerikanischer Jazzpianist und -organist.

Leben und Wirken
Mixon bereitete sich zunächst auf eine Karriere als Tap Dancer vor. Er nahm daher Unterricht bei Ruth Williams, bevor er die High School of Performing Arts besuchte, wo er sich auf Tanz konzentrierte, bevor er nach dem Eindruck eines Besuchs im Apollo Theater, wo er Jazzmusiker erlebte, zum Piano wechselte. 1966 begleitete er mit der Band von Trompeter Sam Brown Patti Labelle, um dann zwischen 1967 und 1970 bei Joe Lee Wilson zu spielen. 1971 und 1972 trat er regelmäßig mit Betty Carter auf. Daneben war er Mitglied  der Bigband von Frank Foster, der er bis heute angehört. Dann leitete er ein eigenes Trio, nahm mit dem Piano Choir auf; weiterhin war er mit Kenny Dorham, Cecil Payne, den Jazz Messengers, bei Grant Green, Pharoah Sanders (1975), Joe Williams, Eddie Jefferson und Dee Dee Bridgewater zu hören. 1976 wurde Mixon als Nachfolger von Don Pullen Mitglied des Quintetts von Charles Mingus, mit dem er international tourte. Nach dem Tod von Mingus spielte er mit Dannie Richmond, mit dem er auch in Europa war, tourte mit Yusef Lateef, um dann einige Jahre bei Lionel Hampton zu wirken. Dann spielte er mit Hank Crawford. Er ist der musikalische Leiter der Lenox Lounge in Harlem und tritt mit seinem Trio regelmäßig in New York auf.

2004 wurde Mixon  vom Jazz Museum in Harlem geehrt.

Diskographische Hinweise
Alben unter eigenen Namen
 Building Bridges (2004)
 On My Way (2007)

als Sideman
 Betty Carter: Vols. 1 & 2 (Verve, 1971)
 Charles Mingus: Cumbia & Jazz Fusion (Atlantic Records 1977, nur auf dem zweiten Stück, Music for Todo Modo)
 Dannie Richmond: Ode to Mingus (Soul Note 1979)

Weblinks
 Webpräsenz

 Porträt in New York Times

Jazz-Pianist
Jazz-Organist
Komponist (Jazz)
Musiker (Vereinigte Staaten)
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1949
Mann


'A. Human' is an interactive art show endorsed by Kim K.
what happens when you challenge korea's traditional idea of beauty?
Tattoo artist and activist Grace Neutral sat down to talk about her experience in South Korea filming i-D's latest video series.
French body-mod performance artist Orlan is suing Gaga for plagiarism and says she plans to subpoena the creative team.
Our favourite tattoo-covered alien princess has teamed up with Motel Rocks to launch a bespoke capsule collection.
Once a symbol of being anti-establishment, tattoos and piercings have almost become PC. We unpick what this means.


text:
Q: Unnest from Table in Snowflake I have the following table:
PersonID    CW_MilesRun    PW_MilesRun    CM_MilesRun    PM_MilesRun
1           15             25             35             45
2           10             20             30             40
3           5              10             15             20
...

I need to split this table into a vertical table with an id for each field (i.e CD_MilesRun =1, CW_MilesRun = 2, etc) So that my table looks similar to this:
PersonID    TimeID    Description    C_MilesRun    P_MilesRun
1           1         Week           15            25
1           2         Month          35            45
2           1         Week           10            20
2           2         Month          30            40
3           1         Week           5             10
3           2         Month          15            20

In postgres, I would use something similar to:
SELECT
    PersonID
  , unnest(array[1,2]) AS TimeID
  , unnest(array['Week','Month']) AS "Description"
  , unnest(array["CW_MilesRun","CM_MilesRun"]) C_MilesRun
  , unnest(array["PW_MilesRun","PM_MilesRun"]) P_MilesRun
FROM myTableHere
;

However, I cannot get a similar function in snowflake to work. Any ideas?

A: You can use FLATTEN() with LATERAL to get the result you want, although the query is quite different.
with tbl as (select $1 PersonID, $2   CW_MilesRun, $3    PW_MilesRun, $4   CM_MilesRun, $5    PM_MilesRun from values (1, 15, 25, 35, 45),(2, 10, 20, 30, 40),(3, 5, 10, 15, 20))

select
    PersonID,
    t.value[0] TimeID,
    t.value[1] Description,
    iff(t.index=0,CW_MilesRun,CM_MilesRun) C_MilesRun,
    iff(t.index=1,PW_MilesRun,PM_MilesRun) P_MilesRun
from tbl, lateral flatten(parse_json('[[1, "Week"],[2, "Month"]]')) t;

PERSONID    TIMEID  DESCRIPTION C_MILESRUN  P_MILESRUN
1   1   "Week"  15  25
1   2   "Month" 35  45
2   1   "Week"  10  20
2   2   "Month" 30  40
3   1   "Week"  5   10
3   2   "Month" 15  20

P.S. Use t.* to see what's available after flattening (perhaps that is obvious.)

A: You could alternatively use UNPIVOT and NATURAL JOIN.
Above answer is great ... just like thinking about alternative ways of doing things ... you never know when it might suit your needs - plus exposes you to a couple new cool functions.

with cte as (
select
    1 PersonID,
    15 CW_MilesRun,
    25 PW_MilesRun,
    35 CM_MilesRun,
    45 PM_MilesRun
union
select
    2 PersonID,
    10 CW_MilesRun,
    20 PW_MilesRun,
    30 CM_MilesRun,
    40 PM_MilesRun
union
select
    3 PersonID,
    5 CW_MilesRun,
    10 PW_MilesRun,
    15 CM_MilesRun,
    20 PM_MilesRun
)
select * from
(select
   PersonID,
   CW_MilesRun weekly,
   CM_MilesRun monthly
 from
   cte
) unpivot (C_MilesRun for description in (weekly, monthly))
natural join
(select * from
    (select
       PersonID,
       PW_MilesRun weekly,
       PM_MilesRun monthly
     from
       cte
    ) unpivot (P_MilesRun for description in (weekly, monthly))) f

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Lyn & Marc
Are Getting Married
June 23rd 2021
We met through a mutual friend that thought it was no coincidence that we had a lot in common, but maybe it was meant to be. The universe has a way of bringing you together even if you aren't looking. After meeting and dating it was a bit strange how much we were alike. Even now, it's still a bit scary how similar we are, but our family reminds us often. We can see Diana (aka my niece) rolling her eyes now.
Our love for running help cement the relationship. Although one of us is much faster than the other, it works in both our favors. We also realized our definite love of travel, food, and fun. Travel is a big deal for us. Of course, with every destination comes new foods to try. Did we mention we like food too, especially trying new restaurants and dishes! Maybe that's the reason why we must run so much.
But this particular journey really started on one of our four-day trips out of town. This time to North Bimini Island in the Bahamas. It was supposed to be a quick over and back. We truly enjoyed this wonderful island. We rode bikes, snorkeled crystal blue waters and a shipwreck, did a couple morning runs, enjoyed conch at many meals, and then went for one last delicious meal of sushi before heading back home. And just like that on the last night, it happened. ? The next thing we knew, we were engaged and starting a bond for the rest of our lives.
We'll end with this… we have finished many, many 5Ks, but soon, we will be embarking on the marathon.
We will be at the resort from Saturday, June 19 through Saturday, June 26. Please book as soon as you can using the Book a Room button below. You will receive a special wedding discount for booking two or more nights.
Date: June 23rd
Location: Umaya Resort & Adventures, Placencia Road, Stann Creek, Belize
*US to Belize
Local Flight
*Belize to Placencia (local)
Mayan Airways
*Airport to Hotel
Shuttle Service from Belize International Airport
About Belize
Belize is a nation on the eastern coast of Central America, with Caribbean Sea shorelines to the east and dense jungle to the west. Offshore, the massive Belize Barrier Reef, dotted with hundreds of low-lying islands called cayes, hosts rich marine life. Belize's jungle areas are home to Mayan ruins like Caracol, renowned for its towering pyramid; lagoon-side Lamanai; and Altun Ha, just outside Belize City.
The capital of the country is Belmopan. Belize gained its Independence from Great Britain on September 21, 1981. Belize is 8,867 square miles with a population of 408,487 as of 2019. The GDP is $1.91 billion USD as of 2018.
Belize has a very diverse society that is composed of many cultures and languages that reflect its rich history. English is the official language of Belize, while Belizean Creole is the most widely spoken national language, being the native language of over a third of the population. Over half the population is multilingual, with Spanish being the second most common spoken language.
About Placencia
We have visited twice together. First it was just us, then we brought the kids. When we thought about what kind of wedding we wanted, the venue was easy.
Placencia is a small village located in the Stann Creek District of Belize. Once a sleepy fishing village, Placencia has emerged as an increasingly popular eco-destination on the Caribbean. The peninsula boasts 16 miles of tranquil beaches, with a lagoon to the west and the Caribbean to the east and lots of peace and quiet in the middle.
Aerial View of Placencia
Mayan Ruin - Xunantunich
The Great Blue Hole
The infamous Jaguar
National Flower - Black Orchid
National Bird – Keel Billed Toucan
National Animal – Tapir
National Tree - Mahogany
Book your activities through Placencia Eagle Ray Tours or through the resort.
Cave tubing
Monkey river boat tour
Placencia Eagle Ray Tour
Umaya Resort & Adventures
Discover our flavors and get a taste of Belize's cuisine.
Laru Beya
Robert's Grove
Rum Fish (in the village)
De tach (in the village)
Wendy's (in the village)
Cozy Corner (in the village)
Tipsy Tuna (in the village)
Average temp in June: H 89 / L 78
Belize accepts US currency. The exchange rate stands at 2 BZ : 1 USD
In June, Belize is two hours behind EST
*Fun fact: You can fly from Fort Lauderdale International Airport at 11 am and arrive at the Belize International Airport at 11 am.
Please help us capture the best moments of our wedding by downloading the Wedbox app. Before the wedding, you can use the app to access all our event details on-the-go. On the big day, you'll be able to easily share your photos to our live feed from your phone. Once you've downloaded the app, enter the following: 9YRPCK
Attending? Attending?Regretfully DeclineAccept with Pleaure
How many adults? How many adults?12345
How many kids? How many kids?012345
Questions, Comments, Food Allergies?
Designed by Craycrayweb


We Won't Be Druv! was commissioned by Battle Arts and Music Festival in 2014. Over 250 children from 8 primary schools joined to give the first performance in the De La Warr Pavilion, Bexhill on Sea.
We Won't Be Druv! is a Sussex expression meaning 'we won't be pushed around or told what to do'. In this story a group of children are horrified to learn that the government intends to sell their county in order to solve an(other) economic crisis. Not only are they going to sell the county but it is going to be physically removed and taken bit by bit, town by town, village by village to other parts of the world, leaving a great big hole which the sea will eventually fill. The children mount a secret campaign to confront the government minister responsible, silently leaving their beds in the middle of the night and walking all the way to London (well, actually they got about 5 miles before their parents catch up with them but the adults are so impressed with their children's commitment that they decide to take them to the Houses of Parliament anyway!). When they get there they confront the minister……..


text:
Jermaine Dupri Reunites The So So Def Roster For 25th Anniversary Tour Dates
Jermaine Dupri and his So So Def Records artists past and present have announced a tour stretching across the United States. The 2018 Songwriters Hall Of Fame inductee confirmed his So So Def 25th Anniversary Cultural Curren$y Tour dates. Notably, the producer, rapper, and decorated record exec will be joined by... Read more
Finding The GOAT Group: Grandmaster Flash & The Furious Five vs. Whodini. Who Is Better?
"Finding the GOAT Group," the fourth installment of Ambrosia For Heads's annual battle series features Hip-Hop's greatest collectives vying for the #1 spot. Sixty-two groups have been pre-selected by a panel of experts, and one slot will be reserved for a wild-card entry, including the possibility for write-in candidates, to... Read more
May 2, 2018 Best Hip-Hop Group, Finding the GOAT
Jermaine Dupri Will Be The 2nd Hip-Hop Artist Inducted Into Songwriters Hall Of Fame
Last February, JAY-Z was announced as the first Hip-Hop artist headed to the Songwriters Hall Of Fame. In mid-June, when the New York City ceremony took place, former President Barack Obama was among those who affirmed and celebrated Jay's lyrical contributions to music. The major moment was followed by peer... Read more
Trick Daddy, Trina, Silkk The Shocker, and Xscape Pay Tribute To Jermaine Dupri & Master P (Video)
Last night (September 18), VH1's Hip Hop Honors saluted the "game-changers" of the 1990s. Celebrating a decade remembered for bringing the music of southern cities like Atlanta, New Orleans, and Memphis to the mainstream, it fit that Hip Hop Honors paid tribute to Jermaine Dupri and Master P. Not only... Read more
September 19, 2017 TV, TV/Film, Video
Jermaine Dupri Penned Hits For Many. He Explains Why Using Writers Ain't A Thang (Video)
In recent years, Hip-Hop has called into question the use of additional writers on songs. In 2015, Meek Mill created a beef when he publicized Drake's working with Atlanta, Georgia MC Quentin Miller on #1 album If You're Reading This It's Too Late. In turn, Meek and Drake's relationship disintegrated,... Read more
May 6, 2017 Video
Pete Rock Comments On Who REALLY Invented The Remix (Video)
Since debuting Pete Rock & C.L. Smooth music in 1990, producer/MC/DJ Pete Rock has always been known to speak on his records. Songs like Nas' "The World Is Yours," his group's own "They Reminisce Over You (T.R.O.Y.)," and AZ's "Rather Unique" all feature notable background vocals from the Mount Vernon,... Read more
October 26, 2016 Video
Da Brat Claims She & JD Are The 2016 EPMD. So Wat 'Cha Sayin'? (Audio)
Da Brat and her mentor Jermaine Dupri are hard at work on the first collaborative mixtape of their career. The two So So Def Records MCs who have worked together for more than 22 years will title the work Business As Usual. Referencing EPMD in that act alone is not... Read more
September 25, 2016 Audio
Never Scared To Face Off: Bone Crusher To Battle Pastor Troy (Video)
Last year, fans from many different corners of Hip-Hop looked on as ONYX's Fredro Starr defeated Keith Murray in a Brooklyn, New York Rap battle. The two 1990s MCs (who both remain actively recording today) squared off in a wild, at times uncomfortable competition. The same promotions company responsible for... Read more
September 16, 2016 News, Video
Da Brat & Jermaine Dupri Reignite Their Chemistry On A Def Timbaland Beat (Audio)
Not too many early 1990s producer/MC batteries have stayed as devoted as Jermaine Dupri and Da Brat. It has been more than 13 years since the platinum Chicago, Illinois native rapper made an album. But never in that time was her relationship with JD in question. As the So So... Read more
Da Brat & Jermaine Dupri Gave Us A Party-Starter In 1994 That's Still So So Def (Audio)
At only nine tracks long, Da Brat's 1994 debut album Funkdafied was nevertheless a massive success, selling one-million copies and cementing her rightful place in Hip-Hop history as the first female solo MC with a platinum-selling LP. The Chicago, Illinois rapper made her first major move in 1992 after winning... Read more
July 21, 2016 Do Remember
Kris Kross Showed They Had Much More To Offer Than Backwards Jerseys On "Tonite's Tha Night" (Video)
May 1 marks the third anniversary of the death of Chris "Mac Daddy" Kelly. One half of Kris Kross, Mac Daddy had skyrocketed as one of the 1990s' biggest Rap acts. He (with partner Daddy Mac) would reach the mainstream with multiple hits, appear in music videos with Michael Jackson, and... Read more
April 28, 2016 Do Remember
Da Brat Funkdafies Radio… As Cohost Of Nationally Syndicated Radio Show
Platinum MC Da Brat is the latest Hip-Hop personality to head to radio. The longtime So So Def Records star is slated to join the Rickey Smiley Show. The veteran rapper will take "Real Housewives Of Atlanta" star Claudia Jordan's spot at the Atlanta, Georgia WHTA broadcast studios. The Rickey... Read more
Da Brat Rhymes on Big Sean's Blessings and ABSOLUTELY SMASHES IT (Audio)
MC Lyte. Queen Latifah. Lauryn Hill. Missy. Those names are often mentioned in the discussion of great MCs who happen to be women, but now-a-days people act like they forgot about Da Brat...The first lady of So So Def Records was actually the first solo female rapper to have an... Read more
March 12, 2015 Audio
Ghostface Killah Is Back On His R&B Ish Thanks To Jagged Edge, But No Holds Barred (Audio)
Ghostface Killah's most polarizing album is undoubtedly 2009's Ghostdini: Wizard Of Poetry In The Emerald City. The LP not only marked Ghost's final dance after nearly a decade with Def Jam Records, it also is largely considered his R&B album. The album featured Dennis Cole's talents in singing form in... Read more
November 29, 2014 Audio, Fresh
2000s Southern Rappers Square Off, As Mike Jones Will Battle Bone Crusher
Battle Rap continues to attract onetime major label stars. Following Joe Budden's challenging Hollow Da Don in July, and leading up to Keith Murray's competition against Fredro Starr later this month, two more established acts are entering the proverbial "Rap ring." Mike Jones, the breakout star of 2005's Houston Hip-Hop... Read more
September 4, 2014 Fresh
Jermaine Dupri and Jay-Z Perform Money Ain't a Thang (Video)
So So Def is celebrating its 20th anniversary this year. As part of the festivities, Jermaine Dupri did a show last night and brought out Jay-Z to perform their party-starter, "Money Ain't a Thang." Check out the video below. Related: Crate Diggers: Inside the vinyl collection of Jermaine Dupri (Video)... Read more
February 24, 2013 Video


We are pleased to announce the release of HelpDesk 1.3. We have implemented all the features you have requested and fixed all the bugs you have reported. We have also improved SMTP sending and implemented a new SMS service called Plivo.
Thank you for all the feedbacks you have provided to us without you it would not be possible.
You can now purchase HelpDesk 1.3 in our shop.
Update is easy as with all of our products, you can go to your operator panel - settings - maintenance and run the Auto updater. You can also head to our download area and do it the old way.


text:
/**
 * Testnet <%= constructor %>
 *
 * @format
 */
import { BaseCoin, BitGoBase } from '@bitgo/sdk-core';
import { BaseCoin as StaticsBaseCoin } from '@bitgo/statics';
import { <%= constructor %> } from './<%= symbol %>';

export class <%= testnetConstructor %> extends <%= constructor %> {
  protected constructor(bitgo: BitGoBase, staticsCoin?: Readonly<StaticsBaseCoin>) {
    super(bitgo, staticsCoin);
  }

  static createInstance(bitgo: BitGoBase, staticsCoin?: Readonly<StaticsBaseCoin>): BaseCoin {
    return new <%= testnetConstructor %>(bitgo, staticsCoin);
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


If you are a member of the REALTORS® Land Institute, you have a member profile that is seen by possible clients every day. The RLI Find a Land Consultant Tool was recently updated to make finding land consultants easier and faster than ever before. This is great news for you as an RLI member because this is an additional opportunity to put your best foot forward for potential clients–but only if your profile is updated! So, here's how to optimize your profile to bring in new clients.
You already know that you are a potential client's best option for buying/selling their land. Now, you need to make sure they do too! The first step to an effective profile page is making sure all profile information–including a professional head shot image–is filled out in its entirety. Not only does this give the readers more information to make their decision upon, but it also adds credibility. It shows you care about your image and that you are making an effort to put your best foot forward for them!
Completing your profile also has the added benefit of making you easier to find. The more information available for clients to find you by, the more likely you'll be found. It seems common sense but most agents don't realize how important adding information like specialties, countries served, designations, etc. is to having an optimized profile. Also, never bypass the opportunity to add a profile image. Putting a face to a name makes you more credible, trustworthy, memorable and personable–all key aspects to gaining clients!
Now that you have added all the information your potential clients need to find you and make an informed decision, make sure to keep it updated. There is nothing worse than searching for something and thinking you've found it only to realize it wasn't accurate. In this industry, no one has time to waste so don't frustrate potential clients from the start. Get a new cell number? Change companies? Have a more recent head shot image? Update your profile right away! One way to keep your profile updated is to set a calendar reminder for every six months to check and update information.


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To see a full list of Corality's training courses go to the training porfolio and see all the upcoming courses in your region. Financial modelling tutorials – a free resource library For free financial modelling tutorials and resources visit the SMART Campus.
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We have already gained a market reputation for installing some of the best, top notch, bug free systems in the region and we have done so due to our expertise in the field and the non-compromising believe of doing things right the first time. We are well aware that a well done job is the ticket to our next project!
With our level of technical expertise, Mondragon Golf Inc. can fully comprehend your unique needs and challenges. Our technicians have a proper understanding of the specific lightning conditions in Florida and with our excellent troubleshooting ability, you will never have to worry about your sprinkler system not getting repaired properly. There is no challenge to big for us; we will have the answer or will find the answer for your particular situation.
At MGI, we love to take care of our customers and would like to be of service to you, whether it involves a small leak you need found, that missing valve that has been bothering you, or that super expensive Cadillac irrigation system you always wanted, whatever your quirks, we won't judge!!!
We install and service all major residential & commercial irrigation product brands. Feel free to call us at (352) 344-0001 to schedule a meeting.


Elephantiasis: the Bloated Nose: And now, an Idea.
An empty head is something to be reviled.....hated.....rooted out with extreme predjudice. Too often I have seen one massively empty head meet another, long hours of empty headed conversation ensues. And then, before you know it, there's a bunch of little empty heads running around. (Empty heads are quite prolific, you know.) If you don't guard against it now, we may never have a chance to stand against them. They will make it all the way into the white house, and then where will we be?!?!?!?!......oh.....wait....I guess we already know.
Yep, his name was George W. Bush. As empty a Presidential head as ever there was or shall be, Amen.


Americans are set to spend big this holiday season. In fact, numbers from Adobe Analytics report the online spend alone will reach $124.1 billion to overshadow brick and mortar sales.
What's more, Deloitte reports that people will spend $525 on gifts representing a bump of 20% from $430 in 2017.
Small Business Trends talked with Georgianna W. Oliver, founder of Package Concierge® to get her take on the 8 big predictions for the 2018 holiday shipping season.
The biggest trend might be the race to offer free shipping. Target started the ball rolling by offering free two-day shipping for items from November 1 to December 22.
Walmart soon offered their own version on items costing $35 or more. Most recently, Amazon has jumped in and thrown their own free shipping gauntlet down for the holidays.
There's no reason to expect this won't turn into an all-out free shipping frenzy.
There's going to be even more packages being shipped year over year.
Oliver's automated locker solution has seen an uptick in just the numbers of packages from the 2016 to 2017 holiday season. They even anticipate they will handle over 125,000 packages every day in the days between Black Friday and December 24.
"In the two weeks before Christmas we actually see our package load double," she said.
Counting the numbers released for November, mobile searches accounted for almost half (48.2 percent) of the total web page views across the globe. Adding to that is the fact the big companies are responding and pushing new ways to pay from your phone like PayPal, Apple Pay and Google Wallet. It all means even more packages will need to be shipped from orders that originate from smartphones this year.
Innovators like Package Concierge®, are responsive. They've placed 25 million packages and served 346,000 clients across the country to date.
You can't really have any conversation about predictions for sales and shipping during the holiday season without mentioning AI. Salesforce is even predicting that artificial intelligence will influence up to 35% of what you buy during the holiday season.
There's more to AI than the marketing messages you get to prompt you to open your wallet. There are also predictions about a big spike in the number of chatbots that are used to support customer queries as per tracking during the parcel shipping journey.
With all the trends moving towards online shopping, it's really no surprise that cyber week is also predicted to be the biggest of the holiday shopping season. The week starts on November 26 in North America with Cyber Monday.
Oliver explains why everyone shipping holiday parcels needs to have methods in place to update addresses to ensure they are right and gifts get to where they need to be.
"Because the turnover in apartment communities has become so significant at 55% every year, this year is all about getting the right package to the right person at the right address," she says. Package Concierge updates their data regularly—every day and every other day.
Services whereby products bought online get shipped to brick-and-mortar stores for pickup will be popular. In fact, The NPD Group predicts that 60% of the shoppers that buy online will get their purchases shipped to a brick and mortar location.
A Deloitte survey has a full 60% of people who responded starting their holiday shopping before Thanksgiving. That should do its part to clog the shipping lanes up a little earlier since these same folks plan on spending $370 more than those who start later according to this research.


Load Factor - What Does It Mean?
What does the term "load factor" refer to when talking about the airline industry? What is the definition of the term "load factor"?
The term "load factor" refers to the total percentage of seats that are filled for an airline compared to the total number of seats that are available.
For instance - let's say that an airline has 500 airplanes that all seat 500 passengers.
If the airline has a "load factor" of 80%, this would mean that they average a total of 400 passengers per flight.
Airlines obviously want as high of a "load factor" as possible, as each paying customer represents a certain amount of revenue in the form of ticket fees, meal costs, baggage costs, pay per view movie sales, etc.
All airlines have a break-even "load factor" percentage - if their load factor falls below this number, they will lose money.
An airline's "load factor" will usually be higher around the holidays (Christmas, Thanksgiving, etc) due to more people travelling.


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Allen was running for his all day against Iowa to open the season. The Wyoming offensive line was dominated by the Hawkeyes, and Allen got no help from his supporting cast. He also made mistakes of his own accord, including two ugly interceptions, and.
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© 2014 - Records On Top
Released by Records On Top
Duo Fina
Genre: Classical, Operatic Pop
The greek twin brothers Takis and Yiannis Finas were born in Germany.
Their artistic way - always as a duet - includes numerous concerts, as well as performances in theaters, tv shows and opera in Europe (Italy, Germany, France) United States of America (New York., Arizona, N. Jersey, Pennsylvania, Connecticut, Delaware) Asia (Turkey, China) and Africa (Egypt)
In Greece, they have appeared at the Athens Concert Hall, Herodium, the National Opera of Athens and the Opera of Thessaloniki City, at the State Theatre of Northern Greece and have collaborated with all symphonic orchestras in Greece (Athens State Orchestra, the Symphony Orchestra of National Television, the Contemporary Music Orchestra of National Television and the Camerata Orchestra, the Orchestra of Colors, the Choir of the National Hellenic Radio etc.)
Their last tour was held in January 2015, which appeared in some of the biggest theaters and concert halls in 10 major cities in China, accompanied by the Youth Symphony Orchestra of Naples ("Dongying Snow Lotus Grand Theater", "Henan art Center", "Wuhan Qintai Concert Hall", "Sanming Theatre" etc.)
The two brothers teach piano and classical singing in the "New Art Conservatory" of Athens. They have also played in musical theater comedies which they write themselves. Their music comedy "Two tenors in Greek night club" presented in Athens for a whole year (2014-2015) received the best reviews of the public and the press for the originality of the script and the ingenuity which the brothers presented the opera to a wider audience.
Since May 2016, Fina Brothers present their own TV music show (Duo Fina Show) in Greek State Television.


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