For its strategic position along Via Aemilia Scauri, the village of Neive played a strategic role already in Roman times (100 BC). However its present shape of village * perched on top of a hill, is closely linked to the medieval period: in fact, the con/y cobbled streets 90 up according to concentric rings until the top of the hill called Plan del Castello, referring to the medieval cestrum that nowadays is unfortunately is disappeared. However many testimonies of the primitive shelter are preserved, among which the thirteenth-century fortified house of the Counts Cotti of Ceres.
The building is very celebrated as in this house the Vicar Francesco Cotti wrote the oldest Piedmontese text on the grapevine cultivation and wine production. In the immediate vicinity stands out La Torre dell'orologio (the Clock Tower) – XIII century -, symbol of the ancient municipality, showing on the top revolving candlesticks used for signaling between towers of other villages perched on the surrounding hills.
The big size of the medieval tower contrasts with the sinuous lines of the nearby Baroque architectural structure of the Arciconfraternita (confraternity) of San Michele, a small masterpiece of mid-eighteenth century designed by the architect Antonio Borgese. The building is characterized by the strong upward precision that is determined both from the masonry corner that supports the facade on the right side, and from the compression of the front part of the plant in favor of the apse.
Inside they can see a valuable organ of the Renaissance and in the apse the eighteenth-century painting of San Michele, that impresses with its vivid colors. The processional statue of the Archangel, also of the eighteenth century, is made of polychrome wood. A few steps far from the Arciconfraternita, is situated the parish church of San Pietro and Paolo. Already existing in the Xll century, the building was rebuilt in the XVIII century, the bell tower was designed by the famous architect Francesco Gallo.The latest additions and the unfinished facade belongs to the XIX century.
Inside you can admire works of the mid-eighteenth century. A little further downstream, Piazza Italia represents the heart of the village collecting social- administrative functions, the valuable buildings here confirm the expansion phase of the village during the eighteenth century.
In particular, the first town hall's venue with its rococo facade and Palazzo Borgese, that is currently municipal building. In the Town Hall's wine cellars are located the Bottega dei Quattro vini of Neive, founded in 1983 by a small group of local winemakers to represent Neive and its wines in the world, after thirty years is still the meeting point to buy and taste the wines produced in this area.
Opposite to the square, is located the original Casa della Donna Selvatica (Home of the Wild Woman), dedicated to a particular aspect of the demo-ethno-anthropological heritage of the Langhe.The figure of the Wild Woman was characterized, in the peasant society, as the bearer of an ancient culture, in close contact with nature and its secrets,with jobs linked to seasonality, with the wisdom of old people influenced by popular religiosity and superstition.
Recently passed away at the age of 80 years, Romano Levi was considered one of the last true characters of Langa: he had always Worked in his distillery in Neive, creating one of the world's most famous handmade grappa. Poet and artist, he was also famous for his labels, that were recently exposed at Palazzo Bricherasio and through them he told the world around him.
He received as inheritance from his iatherthe distiller's craft and a almost three meter high still, that "to look closely you have to climb a wooden staircase with a few step sand it is nice to go up a bit at the top, as is done with the hills." His workplace was his house, a farmhouse with a courtyard and a opposite garden. In the morning in front of the strictly closed door of his little office, where grappa was bottled and corked by hand, and where labels designed by the same Levi were stuck with a little brush with lumps of glue, people formed a queue.
The Palace of the Counts of Castelborgo represents a significant evidence of the relationship between the Piedmontese aristocracy and the local wine tradition. The noble eighteenth century building retains in fact the original wine cellars, that now as before, are venue of famous wine productions.
Here were tested the first procedures regarding the Nebbiolo's vitrification, in order to get that wine then called Barbaresco Noteworthy is the interior's decoration and the valuable private chapel.
In the wine cellars of the Palace worked the famous merchant Louis Oudart, who was the first to produce with Nebbiolo's grapes, a stable and therefore marketable wine, awarded with gold medal at London 1862. in the castle of Barbaresco, thirty years later, it was produced the first bottle of Barbaresco.
These records were reached through the great initiative spirit of the owners thanks to the technicians who co-operate, but also thanks to the outstanding quality of the production environments, that are still perfectly suitable to accommodate the processing cycle of the grapes. The baroque architecture of Neive reaches high levels in the composition of the Palace of the Counts Bongioanni Cocito.
The building stands out for its strong upward push, enhanced by the scenic position of the Porta di San Rocco, the original entrance southwards of the medieval village.The Palace was built in the second half of the eighteenth century according to a design of the architect Borgese. For the integrity of its urban fabric, and the artistic and historical quality of the public and private building heritage, Neive was recognized in 2001 among "the most beautiful villages in Italy".
What to sleep in Neive?
Discover Wineries, Vineyards, Private Wine Tours, Truffle Hunting & What to do in Neive, Langhe, Piedmont, Italy.


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Ames247
Ames247 / Blogs
Ames247 / Movie Reviews
Movie Review: '2 Guns'
Nick Hamden [email protected]
"2 Guns" achieved a 2/5 by Iowa State Daily movie reviewer Nick Hamden.
Nick Hamden
With "The Smurfs 2" and "2 Guns" (Trailer) releasing on the same day, I thought I would be clever and do a joint review called "Smurf 2 Guns." Get it? Hilarious! Too bad Entertainment Weekly beat me to the scoop. Sigh. I will beat those guys one of these days, I swear.
Because of that, instead, we get a regular movie review! Hooray! I will jump right on in.
Bobby Trench (Denzel Washington) and Michael Stigman (Mark Wahlberg) are about to rob a bank.
Let's back up. These individuals are working for Mexican cartel kingpin, Papi Greco (Edward James Olmos). They just traded him 500 Passports in exchange for $100,000 in cocaine, but he gave them cash instead. Lame. Now in order to take him down, they will have to rob a bank with his safety deposit box. In that box, there will be $3 million or so in cash that they can use for tax evasion charges, or something. Wait what, take him down?
Let's back it up again. Bobby is secretly DEA, working undercover to bring Papi Greco in to authorities. He has been working on this case for three years, but his boss is about to pull the plug, and the only one who trusts him is his on again / off again secret lover Deb (Paula Patton), another supervisor.
Stig secretly works for the Naval Criminal Investigative Service. Yes, trust me, that's a thing. You may be aware of its acronym, "NCIS." Why is the Navy doing any sort of investigation into a Mexican Drug Lord, and in Texas? Don't ask me. Don't ask Stig either. He is just listening to orders from his superior, Quince (James Marsden).
However, after they rob the bank, they find more than $3 million waiting for them. In fact, there is over $40 million in the small town bank. Damn. Something isn't right. When they try to reveal their actual identities right after, nothing goes right, and they are left on their own to find out just what the heck is going on. Things take an even bigger turn for the worse when the mysterious Earl (Bill Paxton) shows up in town, questioning just about everyone as to where HIS money ended up.
"2 Guns" is billed mostly as an action comedy, a genre made very apparent from the trailer. A lot of nice one liners and wise cracks. Good show. While the action element is certainly there, the comedy element is incredibly light and sporadic in the actual movie. Wahlberg's character makes a few jokes early on, but they quickly seem to disappear once all the betrayal starts. Heck, I found Paxton's character to be the most humorous, but that was only because he was mysterious and a cowboy.
Speaking of characters, the secondary cast members weren't used very well. Paxton (as I just described) was at least a bit interesting. The fact that James Marsden is in this movie almost feels like an oversight, with no real reasons for a big star to be in that roll. They also reduced the CIA to mere money hungry meanieheads, without any real explanation at all. In fact, the NCIS, DEA, and entire US government is seen as corrupt and inept, for no real reason at all.
In terms of plot, it is all over the place. They tried (very little) to explain why Stig was even investigating Papi in the first place, but it didn't make any sense. The actual scene itself was quick too, just in case you wanted to understand the plot.
So half of the movie I am confused, trying to figure out how any of it makes sense. When they did finally explain why it didn't make any sense, their actual reasons feel unacceptable.
(Not a spoiler, but someone was pulling the strings secretly behind all of it, and set them up to rob a larger amount of money than they expected. Surprise surprise. But given how long these men have been working their posts, there is really no way anyone could have orchestrated any of the events that would lead them to rob a bank, without other people finding out.)
The factual details are also out of whack. I could only shake my head during the "break into the navy base" scene. It felt comical, in the bad way, how little they cared about accuracy with it.
I initially thought I would forget about "2 Guns" in a few months. Now I might forget about it within 2 weeks.
2 guns
Nick Hamden, Author
Ames Life
Ninth annual Maximum Ames Music Festival lineup announced
Iowa State alumni's art commissioned in North Grand Mall
Farmer's market, concerts and games for all ages: this week in Ames
The Academy goes for mass appeal with the 2019 Oscar nominations
Joe Hertler & The Rainbow Seekers dance the night away at The M-Shop
Ringo and his All-Starrs spread peace and love at Stephens
Joe Hertler and the Rainbow Seekers and Juice to perform at the Maintenance Shop
Ringo Starr & His All Starr Band to perform at Stephens Auditorium, first Beatle to do so
Art of Historic Renovation and Cultural Preservation Farm House museum tour

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Consultancy firm Sweco has signed two new contracts to provide consulting services to the Regional water management authority in Wrocław, and to the Regional water management authority in Szczecin, related to the flood management project.
The flood management project aims to improve flood protection for 5.2 million people living in the area and is being co-financed by the World Bank.
The consulting services to both Polish water authorities will be provided by the Dutch and Polish offices of Sweco.
The flooded city of Wroclaw - along the river Oder - in 2010. On top photo is the port of Szczecin.
"Ensuring and improving flood protection is one of the most important factors in securing the sustainable social and economic development of a region or country.
Being selected for these projects in Poland is a testament to Sweco's recognised expertise in flood protection", says Ina Brandes, President of Sweco Central Europe.
Sweco will support the preparation of detailed design and tender documents, verification of existing designs, supervision services for construction work, and preparation of environmental and social safeguard documents.
The combined value of the contracts is 27 million euro. The contracts will take approximately 78 months to complete.
In September 2015 the Polish Environment ministry agreed on the 1,2 billion euro Oder (Odra) -Vistula flood management project.
The project includes the construction of new levees and reservoirs in the river basins of the Vistula and Oder rivers between 2016 – 2022.
The overall cost of the program is 1.2 billion euro, of which the World Bank will cover 460 million euro and 300 million euro by the Council of Europe Development Bank – 300 million euro.
The remaining part will be covered by the Polish government.
This news item is baded on the originally published on the website of Sweco.


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Atlantipedia
An A-Z Guide To The Search For Plato's Atlantis
Joining The Dots
I have now published my new book, Joining The Dots, which offers a fresh look at the Atlantis mystery. I have addressed the critical questions of when, where and who, using Plato's own words, tempered with some critical thinking and a modicum of common sense.Read More »
Cahill, Michael A.
Bucurescu, Adrian
Iron Gate(s), The
Steel, Duncan
Duncan Steel (1955- ) is an astrophysicist who has worked in the USA, New Zealand and is currently director of Spaceguard Australia. Dr. Steel has been employed by both NASA and the ESA. In 1995 he suggested[562] that Stonehenge I had been constructed as a predictor of the Earth's intersection with the path of a comet and its attendant debris, with a 19-year periodicity(a). This controversial idea named Encke's Comet and the Taurid meteor shower as the principal culprits and dated the first encounters to around 3100 BC. This date coincides with the conclusions of David Furlong[285] and Timo Niroma who note cultural and meteorological upheavals at that same time.
Steel has his own website(b).
(a) https://www.archaeologyuk.org/ba/ba45/ba45feat.html (Offline Mar. 2016) see Archive 2657
(b) https://www.duncansteel.com/
Tagged David Furlong, Duncan Steel, Encke's Comet, Spaceguard Australia, Stonehenge, Timo Niroma
Niroma, Timo
Timo Niroma (? – 2009) from Helsinki in Finland had an extensive website(a) that discusses various worldwide catastrophes including two main events around 2200 BC and 3100 BC. The former supports the suggested Atlantis destruction date of Anton Mifsud while the latter date agrees with the work of Duncan Steel and David Furlong. Niroma touched on the Atlantis question and seemed to support an Atlantic location destroyed by an extraterrestrial impact. He also seemed inclined to accept that Oera Linda Book may have some historical value.
Niroma was an astrophysicist who was convinced that global warming was about to change and that based on his study of sunspot activity over the past three centuries he anticipated(b) a return to a mini Ice Age!
As early as the 1960's Niroma identified Lake Lappajärvi in his native Finland as an impact crater, an idea that was greeted with almost universal scorn. In time he was proven correct and subsequently a further seven impact sites have been found in Finland(c).
Niroma has also examined the distribution of the planets in an effort to understand the mechanics behind Bode's Law(d).
Readers are encouraged to study Niroma's work.
>(a) Astronomical Aspects of Mankind's Past and Present, Jupiter and Sun, Solar Influence upon Climate (archive.org)
(b) The Cyclicity of Sunspots (archive.org)<
(c) https://list.uvm.edu/cgi-bin/wa?A3=ind9801&L=TIE-L&E=0&P=92156&B=–&T=text%2Fplain
(d) https://malagabay.wordpress.com/2014/05/03/as-above-so-below-timo-niroma/
Tagged Anton Mifsud, Atlantic, Bode's Law, David Furlong, Duncan Steel, Finland, Lake Lappajärvi, Oera Linda Book, Timo Niroma
Dating The Atlantis War
Dating the Atlantis War is one of the most contentious difficulties faced by Atlantology. The critical problem is to identify the time of the Atlantean War and that of the later destruction of Atlantis itself; two events apparently separated by a time span not recorded by Plato. This entry is only concerned with the date of the war. However, it should be pointed out that Plato also reveals that the Atlantis story has a very long history before the war, back to a time when ships and sailing did not yet exist (Crit.113e), so it is understandable when Plato filled the historical gap with mythological characters, namely fijves sets of twins sired by Poseidon. Of course, Poseidon being a sea god did not require a boat to get to the island of Atlantis! Plato also informs us that the twins and their descendants lived on the island for 'many generations' and extended their rule over many other islands in the sea (Crit.114c).
There are roughly three schools of thought regarding this important detail. The first group persist in accepting at face value Plato's reference to a period of 9,000 solar years having elapsed since the War with Atlantis up to the time of Solon's visit around 550 BC. The second group are convinced that the 9,000 refers to periods other than solar years, such as lunar cycles or seasons. The third group seeks to identify the time of Atlantis by linking it to other known historical events.
Desmond Lee has commented[0435] that "the Greeks, both philosophers and others…….seem to have been curiously lacking in their sense of time-dimension."
[1.0] 9550 BC is factually correct
This view has a slowly dwindling number of supporters among serious investigators. In order to defend this date they cite a wide range of evidence to suggest the existence of advanced cultures in the 10th millennium BC. Matters such as an earlier than conventionally accepted date for the Sphinx, early proto-alphabets a la Glozel or apparently anomalous structures such as the Lixus foundations or the controversial Baalbek megaliths have all been recruited in order to support an early date for Atlantis, many, if not all, have their dates hotly disputed. Apart from the contentious dates there is NOTHING to definitively link any of them with Plato's Atlantis.
In common with most nations, the Egyptians competitively promoted the great antiquity of their own origins. Herodotus reports that while in Egypt he was told of a succession of kings extending over 17,000 years. The priests of Memphis told him firmly that 341 kings and a similar number of high priests had until then, ruled their country. (Herodotus, Book II, 142). Even an average reign of 20 years would give a total of nearly 7000 years whereas a more improbable 26-year average would be required to span the necessary 9000 years.
It is therefore obvious that the 17,000 years related to Herodotus is not credible raising a question regarding the trustworthiness of the 9000 years told to Solon.
In The Laws Plato refers to Egyptian art going back 10,000 years, seemingly, indicating a consistency in his belief in great antiquity of civilisation and fully compatible with his date for Atlantis. However, I have discovered that in Plato's time 'ten thousand' was frequently used simply to express a large but indefinite number.
A Bible study site tells us that "The use of definite numerical expressions in an indefinite sense, that is, as round numbers, which is met with in many languages, seems to have been very prevalent in Western Asia from early times to the present day."(h)
The acceptance of Plato's 9,000 years as literally correct defies both commonsense and the archaeological evidence, which demonstrates that neither Athens nor a structured Egypt existed at such an early period.
[2.0] 9000 refers to units of time other than solar years
Advocates of this view, understandably point out, that the Atlantis described in such detail by Plato belongs to the Bronze Age and could not have existed at an earlier date. It is worth noting that the technology is coincidental with the most advanced known to Plato and his audience. For those who argue that mankind has been destroyed on one or more occasion and has had to start again from scratch, it is not credible that if this was the case, that the culture and technology described by Plato as existing in 9500 BC is precisely what he would have experienced himself. There is nothing in the Atlantis texts to connect it with a pre-Bronze Age society, nor is there anything to suggest any technology or cultural advance beyond that of the 4th century BC. Plato's tale tells of the existence of at least three major nations before the destruction of Atlantis: Egypt, Athens and Atlantis itself. There is no archaeological evidence to indicate anything other than Neolithic cultures existing in Egypt or Athens around 9500 BC. In fact, the currently accepted date for the beginning of Egyptian civilisation is circa 3100 BC and also for the existence of a primitive culture around Athens at about the same time. This would parallel the time of the western European megalithic builders.
It is noteworthy that researchers who support a 9,600 BC date for the war between Atlantis and Athens cannot explain how this took place millennia before there was any structured society in Greece.
It may be worth noting the comments of Israel Finkelstein and Neil Silberman who have argued[280] for a 7thcentury BC date for the final draft of the Exodus narrative rather than during the 2nd millennium BC as suggested by the text.
"In much the same way that European illuminated manuscripts of the Middle Ages depicted Jerusalem as a European city with turrets and battlements in order to heighten its direct impact on contemporary readers" (p68). Similarly, it is quite possible that Plato added architectural and technological details of his day to a more ancient tale of a lost civilisation in order to make a more powerful impression on his audience.
According to Bury's translation, Plato mentions (Crit. 119e) that iron was used for utensils and weapons in Atlantis and so forcing us to look to a date later than 2000 BC for its destruction. Olaf Rudbeck spotted this reference around 1700.
Diaz-Montexano claims that the '9000 years' in Critias has been mistranslated. He refers to the earliest versions of Critias that are available and insists that the texts permit a translation of either '9 times in a 1000 years' or '1009', the first being the more rational! Frank Joseph has also used this 1009 number, quoting private correspondence from Kenneth Caroli, in his 2015 regurgitation[1074] of Atlantis and 2012. Diaz-Montexano has also drawn attention to the commentary on Timaeus by Proclus,writing in the 5th century AD, where he treats Plato's use of 9000 as having symbolic rather than literal meaning. It should also be kept in mind that many cultures, ancient and modern use specific numbers to indicate indefinite values(e).
[2.2] In June 2017, a forum on the Historum.com website included the following possible explanation for the Atlantean dates:
" The date 8000 is given as a fraction of 8 since the Greeks commonly used fractional notation. Plato wrote in 400 BC and Solon obtained the account in 570 BC.
No Egyptian Annals ever went back 9000 or even 8000 years. The furthest back the Egyptian annals went at the time of Herodotus was to 3050 BC to the reign of Menes the first Pharaoh who Herodotus knew about. Therefore it is obvious that the number of years has been given as a fraction which was extremely common in Greek numerology.
Thus the war between Atlantis and Athens occurred in 9000/8 + 570 = 1695 BC (+/-63 years) which is pretty close to the date of the war between the Titans and the Gods c.1685-1675 BC. The entire story of Atlantis runs concurrent to the time of the Thera Eruption. You even have 10 kings ruling the land equivalent to the 12 Titans."
The bible too denotes years as fractions, i.e. seasons, equinoxes/solstices etc. That is why you have biblical patriarchs that lived 800 and 900 year old. The ages to Noah are all counted in Lunar months."(i)
While I'm aware that the Egyptians also had a different way of dealing with fractions, I really cannot fully understand the suggestion made above.
[2.3] 900 not 9000 years
In order to address these apparent conflicts, some have suggested that the stated 9000 years, which allegedly elapsed since the catastrophe, are the result of incorrect transcription by someone along what is a very long chain of transmission and that hundreds have somehow been confused with thousands and that the correct figure should be 900 years. Another suggestion is that the Egyptian hieroglyphics for 'hundred' and 'thousand' are easily confused. This explanation does not hold water, as there is little room for confusion between these hieroglyphics as illustrated below.
However, 900 years earlier than Solon would place the conflict with the Atlanteans during the XVIIIth Dynasty and would have been well recorded. More recently Diaz-Montexano put forward the idea that the Egyptian words for '100' and '1000' when spoken sounded similar leading to Solon's error. This idea has now been taken up by James Nienhuis and in greater detail by R. McQuillen(a) .
Another explanation offered by James W. Mavor Jnr. is that the original Egyptian story emanated from Crete where it may have been written in either the Linear A or Linear B script where the symbols for 100 and 1000 are quite similar. In both scripts the symbol for 100 is a circle whereas the symbol for 1000 is a circle with four equally spaced small spikes or excrescences projecting outward.
Nevertheless, the most potent argument against the 'factor ten' solution is that if the priests did not intend to suggest that Egypt was founded 8000 years before Solon's visit but had actually meant 800 years, it would place the establishment of Egypt at around 1450 BC, which is clearly at variance with undisputed archaeological evidence. However, I contend that they were referring to the establishment of Sais as a centre of importance, not the foundation of the entire nation of Egypt.
[2.4] 9000 months not years
As early as 1572 Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa suggested the application of lunar 'years' rather than solar years to Plato's figures. Augustin Zárate expressed the same view in 1577, quoting Eudoxus in support of it.
Then there are others, such as Émile Mir Chaouat and Jürgen Hepke who subscribe to the view that the 9000 'years' recorded by Plato referred to months rather than solar years, as the early Egyptians extensively used a lunar calendar and in fact continued to use it throughout their long history, particularly for determining the dates of religious festivals and since Solon received the Atlantis story from Egyptian priests it would be understandable if they used lunar 'years' in their conversations. Eudoxus of Cnidos (c.400 BC- c. 350 BC), mathematician and astronomer, who spent a year in Egypt, declared, "The Egyptians reckon a month as a year". Diodorus Siculus (1st cent. BC) echoes this statement. (see Richard A. Parker[682]) and Manetho (3rd cent.BC) (Aegyptiaca[1373.40])
This use of months rather than years would give us a total of just 750 years before Solon's visit and so would place the Atlantis catastrophe around 1300 BC, nearly coinciding with the eruption of Thera and the collapse of the Minoan civilisation.
A similar explanation as been offered by J.Q. Jacobs to rationalise the incredible time spans found in ancient Indian literature, who suggested that numbers referred to days rather than years(b).
[2.5] 5,000 not 9,000 years
A claim was made on Graham Hancock's website in 2008(c) that Plato did not write 9,000 but instead wrote 5,000, but that the characters for both were quite similar leading to the misunderstanding. This claim was apparently originally made by Livezeanu Mihai. However, my reading of Greek numerals makes this improbable as 9,000 requires five characters ( one for 5,000 and one for each of the other four thousands), while 5,000 needs just the one.
[3.1] Sometime after 9500 BC.
Jonas Bergmancorrectly points out that according to the story related by the priests of Sais to Solon,the Egyptian civilisation was founded 1000 years after Athens was first established in 9600 BC. Although this probably just refers to the founding of the city of Sais rather than the early Egyptian state.
Plato describes the original division of the earth between the gods of old, Poseidon got Atlantis and Athena got Greece. The implication is that both were founded at the same time, namely 9600 BC. Realistically, the 9000 year time span is better treated as an introductory literary cliché such as 'once upon a time' or the Irish 'fado, fado' (long, long ago). Plato's text describes the building of Atlantis and informs us that no man could get to the island 'for ships and voyages were not yet'. Since Atlantis had twelve hundred warships at the time of the conflict with Athens, the war could not have taken place in 9600 BC. The development of seafaring and shipbuilding would have taken a considerable time. Bergman concludes that the war with Atlantis took place long after 9600 BC.
Another date was proposed by Otto Muck [098] in 1976, when he maintained that Atlantis had been situated in the Atlantic and was destroyed by an asteroidal impact in 8498 BC and proposed that the same event also created the Carolina Bays!
[3.2] Peter James as quoted in Francis Hitching's The World Atlas of Mysteries[307.138] is reported to have accepted the orthodox date of 3100 BC as the start of Egyptian civilisation and considering the priest's statement that the events outlined took place one thousand years before the creation of Egypt and so added only 500 years to compensate for nationalistic exaggeration and has concluded that 3600 BC is a more realistic date for the destruction of Atlantis.
[3.3] Early in the 20th century, the German scholar Adolf Schulten and the classicist H. Diller from Kiel, both advocated an even more radical date of around 500 BC, having identified the narrative of Plato as paralleling much of the Persian wars (500-449 BC) with the Greeks. This however would be after Solon's trip to Egypt and have made little sense of Plato's reference to him.
[3.4] 4015 BC is the precise date offered by Col. Alexander Braghine who credits the destruction of Atlantis to a close encounter with Halley's Comet on the 7th June in that year. This is close to the date favoured by deGrazia.
[3.5] 3590-1850 BChas been suggested by the Czech writer Radek Brychta who has developed an ingenious idea based on the fact that the Egyptians who were so dependent on the Nile, divided their year into three seasons related to their river, the flooding, the blossom and the harvest periods. Brychta points out that counting time by seasons rather than solar years was common in the Indus civilisation that occupied part of modern Pakistan. Even today Pakistan has three seasons, cool, hot and wet. Brychta contends that the 9000 'years' related to Solon were in fact seasons and should be read by us as 3000 years which when added to the date of Solon's Egyptian visit would give an outside date of 3590 BC. If Brychta is correct this 9000 year/season corruption could easily have occurred during the transmission and translation of the story during its journey from the Indus to the Nile valley.
[3.6] 3100 BC asa date for the destruction of Atlantis has been proposed by a number of investigators including, David Furlong, Timo Niroma, and Duncan Steel. Hossam Aboulfotouh has proposed a similar 3070 BC as the date of Atlantis' demise(f).
[3.7] 2200 BCis the proposed date put forward by Dr. Anton Mifsud for the end of Atlantis, located in the vicinity of his native Malta. He arrived at this conclusion after studying the comments of Eumelos of Cyrene who dated the catastrophe to the reign of King Ninus of Assyria. Around the same time, in Egypt, unusually low Nile floods led to the collapse of centralised government and generations of political turmoil(f). According to some commentators(g) the Los Millares culture also ended around the same time.
[3.8] 1200 BC is a date favoured by investigators such as Frank Joseph, Eberhard Zangger and Steven Sora. It is dependent on the acceptance of Plato's 9000 'years' being lunar rather than solar. It is worth noting that this date has also been linked to the suggested close encounter with the Phaëton comet and its destructive effects globally.
[3.9] Stelios Pavlou has taken a different approach, basing his conclusion on a close analysis of the Egyptian King Lists with particular reference to that of Manetho. Pavlou's paper is well(l) worth studying. In the end, he contends that the time of Atlantis was in or around 4532 BC.
[4.0] More than one Atlantis!
It is not unreasonable to consider Plato's Atlantis narrative as a literary amalgam of two or more historically based stories or myths. One possibility is that the Egyptian priests related to Solon the tale of the inundation of a powerful and advanced culture in the dim and distant past. Such an event did occur, worldwide, when the Ice Age glaciers melted, resulting, for example, in the eastern Atlantic, the flooding the North Sea, the Celtic Shelf and dramatically reducing in size the Canaries and the Azores and creating the British Isles. Obviously, the entire world was affected by this event, so that there were also major inundations in the West Indies and the South China Sea. However, events off the coasts of Europe and Africa would be more likely to become part of folklore on this side of the Atlantic.
Over 70 years ago, Daniel Duvillé suggested, that there had been two Atlantises, one in the Atlantic and the other in East Africa.
[5.0] My own preference is to treat the use of 9000 by Solon/Plato as an expression of a large but indefinite number or an exaggeration by a factor of ten. At the beginning of my research I strongly favoured the former, but as I proceeded to investigate other aspects of Plato's Atlantis story, I realised that virtually all other large numbers used by him also appeared to be inflated by a comparable amount. In seeking a solution to this I found myself drawn to Occam's Razor, which states that where there are competing theories, the simpler is to be preferred.
It is worth noting that the Egyptian hieratic numerals also stopped with the highest value, expressed by a single character, being 9000. However, having studied the matter more closely I am reluctantly drawn to the 'factor ten' theory. This I have written about at some length in Joining the Dots.
The 1st millennium BC saw the introduction and gradual development of new writing and numerical systems by the Greeks. Some claim that the Greeks borrowed the Egyptian numbers(k).
At an early stage 9000 was the highest number expressed by a single character in Greek, which in time came to be used to denote a large but uncertain value. As the needs of commerce and science demanded ever higher numbers a new character 'M' for myriad with a value of 10,000 was introduced. It also was used to indicate a large indefinite number, a practice that continues to this very day. Greek numerical notation was still being developed during Plato's life.
Today, we use similar expressions such as 'I have a million things to do' with no intention of being taken literally, but simply to indicate 'many'(e). It is unfortunate that this interpretation of 9,000 does little to pinpoint the date of the Atlantean war, but it is not unreasonable to attribute a value to it of something in excess of 1,000 and possibly a multiple of it.
Diaz-Montexano has drawn attention to the writings of Proclus, who in his commentary on Timaeus declared the number 9,000 to have had a symbolic value (Timaeus 45b-f).
However, having said that, I am also attracted to the 'factor ten' theory after a study of other numbers in the Atlantis narrative which all seem to be consistently exaggerated by a similar amount, which seems to be a factor of ten!
Andrew Collins in his Gateway to Atlantis[072.52] wrote "a gross inconsistency has crept into the account, for although Critias affirms that Athens' aggressor came from 'without' the Pillars of Hercules, the actual war is here said to have taken place 'nine thousand years' before the date of the dialogue, c.421 BC. This implies a date in the region of 9421 BC, which is not what was stated in the Timaeus. Here 9000 years is the time that has elapsed between the foundation of Athens and Solon's visit to Sais c. 570 BC. Since Egypt was said to have been founded a full thousand years later, and the 'aggressor' rose up against both Athens and Egypt, it provides a date post 8570 BC. These widely differing dates leave us with a glaring anomaly that defies explanation. The only obvious solution is to accuse Plato of a certain amount of sloppiness when compiling the text."
Collins' suggestion of 'sloppiness' is made somewhat redundant if my suggestion that Plato was using 9,000 as a large, but indefinite idiomatic value, could be substantiated.
The late Ulf Richter was quite unwilling to accept Plato's 9,000 years as reliable after a close study of the relevant texts.
Others have produced evidence to suggest that this period in the Earth's history saw one or more major catastrophic events that may or may not have been interconnected; (i) a collision or near miss with an extraterrestrial body, (ii) a pole shift, (iii) the melting of the glaciers of the last Ice Age and the consequent raising of sea levels worldwide. This rise provides a credible mechanism that could account for the 'sinking' of Atlantis.
Mary Settegast, an archaeological researcher, has defended the early date for Atlantis with a remarkable book[545] that delves extensively into Mediterranean and Middle Eastern prehistory and mythologies.
(a) See: https://web.archive.org/web/20181215223457/https://gizacalc.freehostia.com/Atlantis.html
(b) https://www.jqjacobs.net/astro/aryabhata.html
(c) https://www.grahamhancock.com/phorum/read.php?f=1&i=249446&t=249446
(d) https://www.unexplained-mysteries.com/forum/index.php?showtopic=255909
(e) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indefinite_and_fictitious_numbers
(f) https://www.geog.ucl.ac.uk/about-the-department/people/emeritus/roger-flower/research/qarun
(g) https://www.minoanatlantis.com/Origin_Sea_Peoples.php
(h) https://www.biblestudytools.com/dictionary/number/
(i) https://historum.com/speculative-history/128055-atlantis-truth-myth-3.html
(j) https://web.archive.org/web/20100708140347/www.fotouh.netfirms.com/Aboulfotouh-Atlantis.htm
(k) https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3109806.stm
(l) https://www.researchgate.net/project/Extrapolating-from-Manethos-King-List-to-Address-the-Critias-108e-Problem
Tagged Adolf Schulten, Alexander Braghine, Andrew Collins, Anton Mifsud, Atlantis, Augustin Zarate, Azores, Bronze Age, Carolina Bays, Celtic Shelf, chain of transmission, Crete, Daniel Duvillé, David Furlong, Desmond Lee, Diaz-Montexano, Diodorus Siculus, Duncan Steel, Eberhard Zangger, Egypt, Émile Mir Chaouat, Eudoxus of Cnidos, Eumelos of Cyrene, Exodus, factor ten, Frank Joseph, Georges Ifrah, Glozel, Halley's Comet, Herodotus, iron, Israel Finkelstein, J.Q. Jacobs, James Mavor, James Nienhuis, Jonas Bergman, Jürgen Hepke, Kenneth Caroli, Linear A & B, Lixus, Los Millares, Malta, Manetho, Mary Settegast, Neil Silberman, North Sea, Occam's Razor, Olaf Rudbeck, Otto Muck, Pedro Samiento de Gamboa, Peter James, Phaeton, Plato, Pole Shift, Proclus, R. McQuillen, Radek Brychta, Richard A. Parker, Sais, Sphinx, Stelios Pavlou, Steven Sora, Thera, Timo Niroma, Ulf Richter
Stonehenge is part of what is now arguably the most extensive and complex megalithic site in Europe. It was actually purchased in 1915 for a sum equivalent today to £680,000 by Cecil Chubb, who later gave it to the nation(aa).
Two depictions of Stonehenge exist which go back as far as medieval times, with a third recently added by Professor Christian Heck(ai).>Sometimes claimed to have been known in medieval times as Chorea Giganticum.< Little serious study of the monument was undertaken until the 17th century antiquarians, predecessors of archaeologists, took an interest.
"In the 17th century, archaeologist John Aubrey made the claim that Stonehenge was the work of the Celtic high priests known as the Druids, a theory widely popularised by the antiquarian William Stukeley [1696], who had unearthed primitive graves at the site" (Wikipedia).
What is not generally known is that the monument has been subjected to numerous 'restorations' over the past hundred years and what we see today is actually a 20th century vision of the original site. One website(au) shows a large series of images recording some of these renovations. There is evidence that at least one stone was re-erected a metre and a half from its original position.
Photos from 1867 show parts of Stonehenge, before later 'restorations' altered their earlier positions(ax), originally released by the UK's Ordnance Survey(ay).
New technology has now revealed the existence of another henge less than a kilometre from Stonehenge (BBC Focus October 2010). We were next presented with evidence that an early form of ball bearings may have been used to move the large stones of which the monument was constructed(d). Other recent discoveries in the vicinity include the 3,550-year-old skeleton of a teenage boy buried with a rare amber necklace – a clear indication of status. Furthermore, dental analysis revealed that he had come from the Mediterranean region.
In 2019, the UK's Independent newspaper published a report, which claimed that "The ancestors of the Britons who built Stonehenge were farmers who had travelled from an area near modern Turkey, arriving around 4000 BC, and who rapidly replaced local hunter-gatherer populations, according to new research."(bo)
Stonehenge is not the only site to have its area of interest expanded in recent years. The 2018 drought in Ireland and the UK had produced evidence of a previously unknown henge situated not too far from Newgrange, Ireland's best-known megalithic site(az). This new location has been dubbed 'dronehenge'. Anthony Murphy, one of its discoverers, has written about the story of its discovery.[1762]
Similar sites have been revealed throughout these islands as a result of the current (July 2018) dry period.
October 2015 gave us a report(ad) that a semi-permanent structure was discovered about a mile east of Stonehenge and dated to be 1,300 years earlier than the more famous megalithic edifice.
The two big questions relating to Stonehege are its exact purpose and the method of construction.
Allied to that is the question of how the 'bluestones' were transported from Wales. Was it by humans or glaciers(aj). However, an early theory proposed that the 'bluestones' were deposited by glaciers much closer to the Stonehenge site. This idea was quickly debunked, but has once again surfaced in a new book by Brian John [1565].
What may have been a much earlier precursor to Stonehenge's calendrical features, tentatively dated as 10,000 old, has been identified in Scotland's Aberdeenshire(f). This is now arguably the world's oldest lunar calendar, although an incised stone found in southern Italy has now been put forward(bg) with a similar claim. I doubt that the Guinness Book of Records will be adjudicating on this one.
We were next presented with evidence that an early form of ball-bearing may have been used to move the large stones of which the monument was constructed(d). Stone balls, some intricately carved, were also discovered near megalithic monuments in Scotland,>while in Malta, stone balls have been found in the vicinity of the ancient temples there – some still in situ under the stones. Michael Poynder has noted that plain balls were also found at the Loughcrew site in Ireland [1748]. Even more intriguing, is that a similarly carved stone ball was discovered at Tiwanaku in Bolivia, which Hugh Newman has drawn attention to in a YouTube video(bi)!
In 2004, Gordon Pipes put forward a radical new 'stone-rowing' method of construction(ac), which requires minimal manpower and equipment. In 2009, Pipes expanded on this idea in book form [1126].
The Ancient-Wisdom.com website has an interesting item regarding the use of balls and tracks in 1770 to shift very heavy weights, noting that "The largest stone ever (recently) recorded to have been moved purely by human power alone is the famous 'Thunder Stone' from Russia, which was moved to St. Petersburg from the gulf of Finland. It was rolled along on small balls placed on a track (Only 100m in length) at a rate of 150m per day."(ba)(bb).
In 2019, archaeologists at Newcastle University put forward the idea that lard (pig fat) had been used to grease the sledges that were used to transport the huge stones(bh). "Fat residues on shards of pottery found at Durrington Walls, near Stonehenge, have long been assumed to be connected with feeding the many hundreds of people that came from across Britain to help construct the ancient monument. But new analysis by archaeologists at Newcastle University in the UK suggests that because the fragments came from dishes that would have been the size and shape of buckets, not cooking or serving dishes, they could have been used for the collection and storage of tallow – a form of animal fat."
More discoveries are expected as investigations continue. In 2014, it was announced that although most attention is focused on the rising sun at the summer solstice, it is now thought that Stonehenge was more likely to have been concerned with the midwinter setting sun(m).
In the 1960's, it was Gerald Hawkins who set a cat among the pigeons with the publication of his Stonehenge Decoded [1613]. in which he proposed that the monument was in fact used as an astronomical computer. Many of the leading astronomers and archaeologists of the day offered apoplectic responses. Hawkins went as far to suggest that the 56 Aubrey Holes at Stonehenge were also eclipse predictors, an idea endorsed by Fred Hoyle [1614].
Another theory has recently been advanced by Thomas O. Mills which suggests that Stonehenge was aligned with the position of the North Pole as it was situated around 10,000 BC, as proposed earlier by Charles Hapgood.(u)
Paul D. Burley has published a two-part paper(q)(r) on Stonehenge, which draws attention to the fact that most commentators have focused on the solar or lunar significance of the site's alignments that that he feels is in stark contrast to other European megalithic monuments that would appear to have been designed with stellar alignments in mind. Burley is the author of Stonehenge: As Above, So Below[1045].
In 1995 Duncan Steel suggested in his book, Rogue Asteroids and Doomsday Comets [0562], that Stonehenge I had been constructed as a predictor of the Earth's intersection with the path of a comet and its attendant debris, which had a 19-year periodicity(x).
Stonehenge, among other megalithic structures, has been linked by various writers with Plato's Atlantis. One extreme example of this is the suggestion that if the number of Aubrey Holes, 56, is multiplied by the diameter of the Aubrey Circle we get 16,200 feet which is "the exact diameter of Plato's Atlantis". Now a ten-minute search on the Internet reveals FIVE different figures for the diameter of the Circle, ranging from 271.6' to 288'. Combine that with the uncertainty attached to the value of the unit of measurement employed by Plato, it is clear that any claim of a connection between the Aubrey Holes and Atlantis is at best tenuous and at worst foolish.
Jürgen Spanuth suggested that the five trilithons "most probably represented five sets of twins." [0015.85], an idea echoed later by Dieter Braasch(as). Spanuth was adamant that a commonly held view linking Stonehenge with Hyperborea was incorrect as Hyperboreans had come from Jutland.
Two Swedish researchers, Nils-Axel Mörner & Bob G. Lind have proposed(bm) that the Ales Stones in Sweden were built with the same basic geometry and using the megalithic yard as standard of measure as Stonehenge.
The late Philip Coppens echoed(b) the views of a fellow Belgian, Marcel Mestdagh, that there might be a connection between monuments within the Stonehenge Heritage Site and Atlantis, namely Woodhenge, which comprised of posts arranged in six concentric circles. The suggestion being that this arrangement is in some manner a reflection of the concentric features in Atlantis described by Plato. I can only consider this to be highly speculative, somewhat akin to the suggestion(c) that Stonehenge I was an earthquake predictor.
For those interested, a recently reconstructed German counterpart of Woodhenge has had the original dated to 2300 BC(aq). A Portuguese 'woodhenge' was reported in 2020(bk), which is thought to be the work of the Bell Beaker people (3500 – 2000 BC).
However, in the meanwhile we will have to be content with a recent book by Professor Mike Parker-Pearson, Stonehenge: Exploring the Greatest Stone Age Mystery [839] , which includes all the discoveries revealed by the recent ten years of investigation.
A 2014 offering from Professor David P.Gregg, The Stonehenge Codes [977], throws further light on the mathematics used for the building and development of Stonehenge over a 1500 year period was consistently the same polygon geometry. Gregg has also identified an earlier Babylonian influence. His book has a considerable numerical content that many will find heavy going. The text of the book is available online(j). The July 2014 edition of the BBC Focus magazine offers evidence that the history of the Stonehenge location can be traced to nearer the end of the Ice Age.
It has been generally accepted for many years that the bluestones (spotted dolerites) at Stonehenge had been brought from the Preseli Mountains of Wales. Now (Nov.2013) evidence has been presented that identifies the precise outcrop, Carn Goedog, as their source(h). Further investigation has produced the claim by Paul Devereux that the rock there was chosen because of its acoustic qualities(I), raising the possibility that Stonehenge was the site of the first 'rock' concert. A more wide-ranging essay on the subject of archaeoacoustics is available online(ak).
However, in November 2015, a report threw doubt on the existence of a Neolithic quarry in the Preseli Hills(ag). Confusingly, the following month it was reported(ah) that studies carried in Wales suggested that the stones had been erected there first before their transportation to Wiltshire.In May 2016 the controversial matter of the method of transportation from Wales was claimed to have been resolved when it was demonstrated by students from University College London, supervised by Parker-Pearson that the bluestones could have been mounted on a sycamore sleigh and dragged along timbers requiring far less effort than was previously expected.(ao) Parker-Pearson believes that originally the stones had been part of a Welsh tomb which was dismantled and brought to Wiltshire as the successors migrated westward(ap). There is now a search underway tp locate the site of the original monument in Wales.
Parker-Pearson published a paper in the February 2019 edition of Antiquity in which he reports on his research at the Welsh site, where he found some of the tools used to extract the pillars and determined the method of transportation(bc).
The transportation question received new attention with a study which suggested that "to move these stones such long distances, the builders likely maneuvered them onto timber sledges and rolled these over logs," using pig fat as a lubricant to minimise the friction between the sled and the logs. It is suggested that ceramic vessels, with high concentrations of pig fat, found on site at Durrington Walls, may have been used to collect fat from the carcasses as they were roasted on a spit, which was then stored as lard or tallow! (bf) My question is, how many pigs are needed to drag a stone from Wales to Stonehenge?
After centuries of being described as one of the wonders of the megalithic world, the construction skills of Stonehenge's builders have been harshly criticised by Professor Ronald Hutton of Bristol University, who went as far as to describe them as 'cowboy builders'(n).
In 2012, Gordon Freeman, a Canadian scientist, published Hidden Stonehenge [891] in which he offers an extensive study of a native American "medicine wheel" in Alberta and compares its astronomical alignments with that of Stonehenge, revealing 'incredible' similarities. His book highlights the use of sophisticated astronomical knowledge at both locations, in the very distant past suggesting cultural links millennia before Columbus!
A somewhat cruder but equally effective winter solstice alignment was recently identified in the Chilean Andes(aw).
A site in Australia discovered in the first half of the last century by Frederic Slater (President of the Australian Archaeological Society) and dubbed as 'Australia's Stonehenge' was bulldozed in 1940 on the orders of the Australian Government! The location, obviously, never as impressive as its namesake on Salisbury Plain, has been again identified and with drawings made over seventy years ago has enabled a computer generated image of the site to be made(t). A father and son team, Steven & Evan Strong have recently relocated the damaged site(af).
In the Strait of Sicily a 'Stonehenge' has been identified on the small island of Lampedusa, by Diego Ratti and described on a generously illustrated website(e).
In May 2013, Melville Nicholls published a Kindle ebook, Children of the Sea God, in which he argues strongly for a Stonehenge built by Atlanteans, better known as the Bell Beaker People!
Robert John Langdon has now proposed(g) that Stonehenge was constructed by megalith builders, around 8500 BC, who had migrated from Doggerland/Atlantis as it became submerged and that the Altar Stone at Stonehenge points to Doggerland!
Shoji Yoshinori has suggested that Stonehenge was intended as a model of Atlantis(k), as had also the late Philip Coppens(b).
It is quite obvious that more convincing evidence is required if any claim of a Stonehenge/Atlantis connection is to gain greater traction. In 2018, David L. Hildebrandt published Atlantis – The Awakening [1602], in which he has endeavoured to do just that with a mass of material that he claims supports the idea of Atlantis in Britain and Stonehenge as the remnants of the Temple of Poseidon. He suggests that the five trilithons represent the five sets of male twins, an idea voiced by Jürgen Spanuth and more recently by Dieter Braasch. Even earlier George H. Cooper proposed Stonehenge as the Pillars of Herakles. I am not convinced by the spirited defence of his hypothesis, as I consider his date too early and the location too far from Athens or Egypt to consider them to be within 'easy striking distance' for the purpose of invasion.
As recent as the summer of 2014 evidence was accidentally discovered(o) that suggested that the Stonehenge megalithic stones form a complete circle. Commenting on the discovery Susan Greaney from English Heritage said "A lot of people assume we've excavated the entire site and everything we're ever going to know about the monument is known, but actually there's quite a lot we still don't know and there's quite a lot that can be discovered just through non-excavation methods." An extensive digital mapping project carried out at Stonehenge by researchers from the University of Birmingham and the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Vienna has revealed "that the area around Stonehenge is teeming with previously unseen archaeology and that the application of new technology can transform how archaeologists and the wider public understand one of the best-studied landscapes on Earth."(p)
December 2014 saw an encampment site just 1.5 miles from Stonehenge have its date confirmed at around 4000 BC(s).
Marden Henge, situated between Stonehenge and Avebury is reckoned to be ten time bigger than Stonehenge and has now (2015) seen the start of a three-year, £1,00,000, dig by 80 archaeologists hoping to unlock its secrets(a). Dr. Jim Leary, a leading archaeologist working at the site is convinced that Marden may turn out to be more significant than Stonehenge(w).
Earlier in 2015 Tim Daw, a steward at the Stonehenge site, has claimed that he had discovered a previously unknown alignment, involving a line of stones at 80 degrees to the axis of the monument. His theory is that the tallest stone at Stonehenge points towards the midsummer sunset and has been observed to be correct(v).
The archaeological importance of Stonehenge was boosted further in September 2015 with the announcement that a line of nearly 100 buried stones had been discovered just a mile away, beside the Durrington Walls 'superhenge'(y). There are images available, including a short video clip relating to this new discovery(z).<Subsequent excavations revealed no stones, but 90 holes that had held wooden posts.(bn)<
In June 2020, the significance of Durrington was greatly enhanced by the revelation that adjacent to the 'Walls' is a series of shafts five metres deep and ten metres in diameter. The shafts are arranged in a circle having a diameter of 1.2 miles. The site is 1.9 miles northeast of Stonehenge(bj).
In November 2015, the New York Times published an updated overview(ae) of the various excavations that have taken place in the vicinity of Stonehenge.
Sarah Ewbank has now offered us a fascinating new theory regarding the original purpose and plan of Stonehenge. In a fully illustrated website(al) she reveals that the structure was conceived as "a 'Cathedral-like' building with a massive oak-framed roof, and a huge hall at it's centre."
Further discoveries are listed on the Heritage England website(ab). What is not listed there is the information that Stonehenge was constructed by giants on the instruction of the Devil! This b.s. tidbit was imparted to us in April 2016 by Dr. Dennis Lindsay on the TV show of disgraced US evangelist Jim Bakker(am). Another blog from Jason Colavito exposed further Stonehenge nonsense, this time from New Zealander, Ted Harper, who has recently claimed that the Wiltshire monument together with the Great Pyramid, both warn of a meteor strike in 2020.
Theories relating to Stonehenge and Atlantis seem to proliferate at comparable rates. In a new book, The Memory Code [1258], by Lynne Kelly, she proposes that the Wiltshire monument is a giant mnemonic(ar) and that other megalithic sites also were.
July 2017, saw a BBC review of the recent acceptance of Stonehenge as just a part of a huge complex of monuments, with a hint of more to come(at).
In June 2019, Dr. Christophe Snoeck, a Belgian archaeological scientist offered evidence for the origins of some of the cremated human remains discovered at Stonehenge. "During his doctoral research he developed a method to extract information about the geographical origin of cremated individuals." This method, he says, "was applied to 25 cremated individuals from Stonehenge and our results show that 40% (10 out of 25 analysed individuals) did not live near Stonehenge in the last decade or so prior to their deaths but came from further away. Some might actually have originated from west Wales where the bluestones came from, some 250 km away," he adds. "This shows the importance of the site in the British landscape during the Neolithic period." (bd) Italian scientists have also been working on new ways of gleaning information from cremated remains(be).
In 2020, it was announced that acoustic engineers from the University of Salford had demonstrated that Stonehenge had acoustic qualities that allowed "any sounds produced inside the temple would have been much less audible to anybody outside the circle, despite the monument almost certainly not having a roof.
The findings therefore suggest that any sounds generated by activities carried out inside the circle were not intended to be shared with the wider community. This reinforces theories suggesting that the potential religious activities conducted inside Stonehenge were reserved for an elite of practitioners, rather than for a wider communal congregation."(bl)
(a) Daily Express, Fri. June 19, 2015
(b) See Archive 2140
(c) https://lunaticoutpost.com/showthread.php?tid=11497
(d) https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/11/101130010931.htm
(e) https://www.academia.edu/902250/Lampedusa_Stonehenge
(f) https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-north-east-orkney-shetland-23286928
(g) https://robertjohnlangdon.blogspot.co.uk/#!/2013/06/stonehenge-atlantis-momentous-discovery.html
(h) https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-25004282
(i) https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/stonehenge-is-like-a-sacred-prehistoric-glockenspiel-researchers-claim-9168812.html
(j) https://www.stonehenge-codes.org/StonehengeCodesFinal-2012.pdf (link broken)
(k) https://www.pipi.jp/~exa/kodai/kaimei/stonehenge_is_small_atrantis_eng.pdf
(m) BBC Focus Magazine, July 2014, p.51
(n)https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2671664/Stonehenge-built-cowboys-lasted-well.html
(o)https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/earth/environment/archaeology/11066703/Stonehenge-ghostly-outlines-of-missing-stones-appear.html
(p) https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/09/140909192134.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily%2Ffossils_ruins%2Fancient_civilizations+%28Ancient+Civilizations+News+–+ScienceDaily%29
(q) https://www.ancient-origins.net/ancient-places-europe/solving-enigma-stonehenge-001616
(r) https://www.ancient-origins.net/ancient-places-europe-opinion-guest-authors/solving-enigma-stonehenge-part-2-001618
(s) https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-wiltshire-30540914
(t) https://www.grahamhancock.com/forum/StrongSE2.php
(u) https://www.mondovista.com/stone.new.html
(v) https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-wiltshire-33205212
(w) https://www.gazetteandherald.co.uk/news/towns/devizesheadlines/13418151.Marden_Henge_to_rival_Stonehenge__says_leading_archaeologist/
(x) See Archive 2657
(y) https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3224523/Stonehenge-II-Radar-search-reveals-giant-monument-4-500-years-ago-just-one-mile-famous-Wiltshire-site.html
(z) https://www.lbiarchpro-imagery.at/stonehenge2015
(aa) https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-34282849
(ab) https://heritagecalling.com/2015/09/23/7-new-discoveries-about-stonehenge/
(ac) https://heritageaction.wordpress.com/2016/05/26/how-did-they-move-the-bluestones/
(ad) https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/archaeology/prehistoric-eco-house-1300-years-older-than-stonehenge-discovered-by-archaeologists-a6712716.html
(ae) https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/10/science/stonehenge-begins-to-yield-its-secrets.html?_r=0
(af) https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3309697/Is-new-Stonehenge-Amateur-historian-claims-proof-mysterious-rock-formation-hidden-Australian-bush-holds-clues-origins-language.html
(ag) https://www.westerntelegraph.co.uk/news/14030126.New_research_undermines_Welsh_bluestone_quarry_theory/
(ah) https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/dec/07/stonehenge-first-erected-in-wales-secondhand-monument
(ai) See Archive 2832
(aj) https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/stonehenges-bluestones-were-moved-wales-10591475
(ak) https://dailygrail.com/Hidden-History/2016/1/Archaeoacoustics-Listening-the-Sounds-History
(al) https://www.ancient-origins.net/ancient-places-europe/architect-presents-radical-new-theory-stonehenge-was-two-storey-wooden-020722
(am) https://www.jasoncolavito.com/blog/evangelical-pastor-claims-stonehenge-built-by-giants-on-orders-from-the-devil
(an) https://www.jasoncolavito.com/blog/are-stonehenge-and-the-great-pyramid-warning-of-a-meteor-strike-in-2020
(ao) https://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/2016/05/23/stonehenge-wasnt-so-hard-to-build-after-all-archaeologists-disco/
(ap) https://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/2016/06/05/original-stonehenge-was-dismantled-in-wales-and-moved-to-wiltshi/
(aq) https://www.ancient-origins.net/news-history-archaeology/4300-year-old-woodhenge-germany-revealed-public-first-time-006224?utm_source=Ancient-Origins+Newsletter&utm_campaign=f03e195ff3-Top_Trending_Stories_July_No2_REAL_07_11_2016&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_2dcd13de15-f03e195ff3-85158329
(ar) https://www.thecourier.com.au/story/4104488/the-palace-of-memory/
(as) https://web.archive.org/web/20200220124315/http://www.braasch-megalith.de/atlantis-stonehenge-decoded.html
(at) https://www.bbc.com/travel/story/20170713-why-stonehenge-was-built
(au) https://www.ancient-code.com/the-images-stonehenge-dont-want-see/
(av) https://www.livescience.com/62619-did-glaciers-carry-stonehenge-bluestones.html
(aw) https://www.economist.com/the-americas/2018/05/26/a-southern-hemisphere-stonehenge-is-found-in-chile?fsrc=scn/tw/te/bl/ed/asouthernhemispherestonehengeisfoundinchilesightingthesungod
(ax) https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/victorian-stonehenge-picnic-photos
(ay) https://issuu.com/os012/docs/stonehenge_a4_pdf
(az) https://www.rte.ie/news/leinster/2018/0711/977969-newgrange/
(ba) https://web.archive.org/web/20190601213915/https://www.ancient-wisdom.com/extremasonry.htm
(bb) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_Horseman
(bc) https://www.livescience.com/64801-stonehenge-temporary-monument.html
(bd) https://www.brusselstimes.com/all-news/magazine/59506/belgian-archaeologist-discloses-mysteries-of-stonehenge/
(be) https://www.latimes.com/science/new-way-to-decode-burned-bones-story.html
(bf) https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2019/07/ancient-people-may-have-used-pig-fat-build-stonehenge
(bg) https://www.ancient-origins.net/news-history-archaeology/lunar-calendar-0012340
(bh) https://bradshawfoundation.com/news/world_heritage.php?id=Moving-the-stones-of-Stonehenge
(bi) https://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/arqueologia/esp_esferas_costarica05.htm
(bj) https://www.theguardian.com/science/2020/jun/22/vast-neolithic-circle-of-deep-shafts-found-near-Stonehenge
(bk) https://www.ancient-origins.net/news-history-archaeology/perdigoes-neolithic-woodhenge-0014084
(bl) https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/archaeology/stonehenge-prehistoric-acoustics-amplifier-scientific-research-a9691246.html
(bm) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258650145_Stonehenge_Has_Got_a_Younger_Sister_Ales_Stones_in_Sweden_Decoded
>(bn) 'New Stonehenge' was made of WOOD | Daily Mail Online
(bo) Britons who built Stonehenge were product of ancient wave of migrant farmers, DNA reveals | The Independent | The Independent<
Tagged Ales Stones, amber, Andes, Anthony Murphy, Atlantis, Aubrey Holes, Australia, Bell Beaker People, Brian John, Carn Goedog, Cecil Chubb, Charles Hapgood, Chorea Giganticum, Christian Heck, Christophe Snoeck, comet, David L. Hildebrandt, David P. Gregg, Dennis Lindsay, Diego Ratti, Dieter Braasch, Doggerland, Dronehenge, Duncan Steel, Durrington Walls, Eclipse predictor, English Heritage, Fred Hoyle, Frederic Slater, Gerald Hawkins, Glaciers, Gordon Freeman, Gordon Pipes, Hugh Newman, Hyperboreans, Jason Colavito, Jim Bakker, Jim Leary, John Aubrey, Jutland, Jürgen Spanuth, Lampedusa, Loughcrew, Ludwig Boltzmann, Lynne Kelly, Malta, Marcel Mesdtagh, Marden Henge, Medicine Wheel, Melville Nicholls, Michael Poynder, Mike Parker-Pearson, Nils-Axel Mörner & Bob G. Lind, Paul Burley, Paul Devereux, Philip Coppens, Preseli Mountains, Robert John Langdon, Ronald Hutton, Sarah Ewbank, Satan, Scotland, Shoji Yoshinori, Steven & Evan Strong, Stonehenge, Strait of Sicily, Susan Greaney, Ted Harper, Thomas O. Mills, Tim Daw, Tiwanaku, Turkey, twins, Wales, William Stukeley, Woodhenge
Copyright © Tony O'Connell


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Who is in Fish Farming? - St. Croix Courier - Jul. 24, 2012
Summer Story Series: Who is Fish Farming?
Amanda Smith: One of a growing number of women who work in aquaculture
Amanda Smith will often get asked this question: Are you on the side of aquaculture or the environment?
Her answer is short and simple.
"Both," she says with a smile.
Smith is a Marine Environmental Biologist with Sweeney International Management Corporation, a St. Stephen-based company that provides aquaculture environmental management services in New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland.
"I don't see aquaculture as a 'one side versus the other situation'," says Smith, who lives in St. Stephen. "Im a biologist who works in the aquaculture industry and an environmentalist too. I feel I play an important role in preserving our oceans while helping our fish farmers to develop this industry."
Smith is one of a growing number of women who work in Canadas $2.1 billion aquaculture industry, which has become a magnet for women seeking full-time, year-round employment in coastal communities. Key roles in research and development, fish health, environmental sustainability, processing and communications are increasingly being filled by women. Approximately 40 per cent of Canadas 14,500 aquaculture jobs are held by women.
Smith says she knew little about aquaculture before joining SIMCorp in 2009. The focus of her science studies at Dalhousie University was genetics.
"My research focused on fruit flies. This is totally a switch, but I love it," she says.
She began her career working at the Atlantic Reference Centre of the Huntsman Marine Science Centre in St. Andrews and then with the education department of the Atlantic Salmon Federation. When a job came up at SIMCorp, Smith was eager to learn about aquaculture.
Started by Bob Sweeney about 10 years ago, SIMCorp has grown to 18 staffers, three offices and a laboratory. In the summer months, much of SIMCorps work focuses on environmental management surveys at fish farms.
Atlantic salmon farmers conduct regular government-audited on-site environmental assessments during each year of production.
Smith loves the summer the best because she can get out on the water to do her work.
"We take a chunk out of the sea floor and we analyze that sediment," she says.
She also uses a video camera to observe and record any changes to the ocean floor.
"We start about 50 metres from the cage. We can watch the sea floor as we come in from the cage and see if there is any bacterial growth, how much life there is, sea stars, urchins, see if there is any change in the colour of sediment."
If she notices any indicators such as excess feed on the floor, organic growth on the net or sediment that is dark in colour, she notifies the farmer and they work together to solve it.
She then compiles her findings - including the video footage - for the farmer and the provincial regulators.
Smith says she loves getting the chance to study the ocean floor.
"Were one of the few people who actually see the ocean bottom," she says. "A lot of sites are beautiful. You look underneath the cage and around the sea floor, there is so much life."
This summer, she will also continue her work counting lobster at a site near Grand Manan.
"The numbers were really, really interesting. The population has gone up since we collected baseline data before the site went in," she says.
She also helps conduct comprehensive environmental assessments when farmers apply for new sites or to change the boundaries on existing farms.
"We collect mud, video footage, data about currents, about the traditional fishery, wind and wave information. We even look at the labour force in the area," she says.
Smith says shes glad she found her way into the aquaculture industry and if she decides to get her Masters degree in the future, shed like to focus her research on fish farming.
"Aquaculture has given me a tremendous opportunity to do what I want to do and still stay in Charlotte County," she says.


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« History Matters: Someone Get Michele Bachmann A 6th Grade History Text Book | Main | Back On The Huffington Post »
The State Of The Union: A Faithful Christian Response To President Obama #SOTU
A White House official said tonight that just because an issue didn't get mentioned in the State of the Union Address doesn't mean the president doesn't care about it. The National Council of Churches, representing over 45 million U.S. Christians, and the Religious Action Center of Reform Judaism - along with other people of faith - asked that the president use tonight's address to re-affirm his campaign commitment to offer up plans to cut poverty in half by 50% over ten years. That didn't happen. Does this mean poverty isn't on the president's agenda? Of course not.
I'm disappointed that President Obama didn't lift up the needs of the nearly 47 million Americans living in poverty but know that action speaks louder than words and that the president's Recovery Act and the Affordable Health Care Act have kept millions from falling into poverty during the Great Recession and helped tens of millions more from falling deeper into poverty. No one should doubt the president's sincerity on this important moral issue.
At the same time, the president needs to take a more public role in addressing the issue of poverty. "We can't allow this kind of suffering and hopelessness to exist in our country. We can't afford to lose a generation of tomorrow's doctors and scientists and teachers to poverty. We can make excuses for it or we can fight about it or we can ignore poverty altogether, but as long as it's here it will always be a betrayal of the ideals we hold as Americans. It's not who we are," said candidate Barack Obama in 2007. He was right then and we need his voice now more than ever.
Church leaders wrote to the president earlier this month that: "There is no greater concern among the churches of Christ than for those in this nation who live in poverty. This could hardly be otherwise because Jesus himself lived among the poor: loving them, eating and drinking with them, healing them, and speaking words of justice and assurance that God's own love for the poor is unsurpassed."
And so, people of faith regardless of party should support the president's economic policies - particularly around education, innovation and health care- because these goals all advance the fight against poverty. Tonight the president also said, unfortunately, that his budget will include "cuts to things I care deeply about, like community action programs." We'll have to fight those cuts because they will hurt the most vulnerable, which would violate the president's stated goal tonight of making sure the budget was not balanced "on the backs of our most vulnerable citizens." As the Half In Ten Campaign notes, some members of Congress have proposed even deeper cuts in anti-poverty efforts. That cannot be allowed and we must use our voices and our pulpits to demand a better America for every child.
We must also work with the president to end the unneeded tax breaks for the wealthiest 2% of Americans. These tax cuts add to the deficit and create added pressure to cut important domestic programs. In short, we're giving away money to the richest of the rich and taking it away from those Jesus called the "least of these."
Why is it important to set a goal in this area? If President Kennedy had said that "one day America should go to the moon" it never would have happened. Today, we need President Obama to give hope to the tens millions of Americans who through no fault of their own have fallen into poverty during the worst economic period since the Great Depression by offering a road map with a time table to cut poverty dramatically. No one should live a third world life in a first world nation.
There were other issues that the president addressed in which America's faith community can find common cause.
We should congratulate the president and bi-partisan leaders in the U.S. Senate for finally passing the New Start Treaty which, as the president noted tonight, means that "far fewer nuclear weapons and launchers will be deployed. Because we rallied the world, nuclear materials are being locked down on every continent so they never fall into the hands of terrorists."
And faith leaders that disagree on important issue like abortion - Roman Catholics, Southern Baptists, members of the United Church of Christ and other mainline churches - all support the president's call for immigration reform.
Certainly, we've witnessed a growing consensus between Roman Catholics, mainline Christians, and evangelicals (along with other people of faith) over the need to protect our environment. Supporting the president's goals for cleaner energy will make sense to most people of faith.
As for the issue of poverty, I've already reached out to the White House and asked that the president find a venue of some importance to more fully articulate his vision for a better America where poverty declines instead of grows. As the leaders of the National Council of Churches told the president recently, "this is a very ambitious goal and there are far too many politicians in this nation who might not take the risk or pursuing it without the strong advocacy of the President. But as you renew this commitment, be assured that we stand with you and that you have the support and prayers of all 37 member communions of the National Council of Churches." As the president has already demonstrated through the Recovery Act and the Affordable Care Act, he cares about those living in poverty. We know that. But to reduce poverty we need more. We need the president's leadership and passionate voice fighting for an America where equality means that no one goes hungry or lives in homelessness. Only then can we truly say that state of our Union is strong.
Posted on Tuesday, January 25, 2011 at 19:14 in Poverty, President Barack Obama | Permalink


NOTE: make sure to encrypt your app keys for anything public facing, or limit their visibility to only CI/CD platforms.  For travis, on open repos, definitely don't accidentally commit this in the open.
It looks like a homegrown CI/CD type agent and not a bad idea.


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Nic Cage, Jack Black and Steve Carell teaming with Charlie Kaufman
Well, alright! Not only is Oscar-winning screenwriter Charlie Kaufman's upcoming collaboration with director Spike Jonze picking up some speed, but so is his directorial follow-up to Synecdoche, New York, titled Frank or Francis.
According to Deadline, Nicolas Cage and Jack Black are attached to Kaufman's next project, while Steve Carell is in talks to star.
Cage previously starred in the Kaufman-scripted Adaptation, giving a career-best performance. Carell worked with Kaufman as a fellow writer on the shortlived Dana Carvey Show back in 1996.
Little is known about Frank or Francis, except for the official logline:
"The film chronicles a volatile back and forth between a film director (Frank) and an online blogger (Francis), who takes delight in berating his cinematic talent."
Kaufman revealed earlier in the year that Frank or Francis would also be a musical of sorts, featuring over 50 songs.
Discuss: A worthy cast for Kaufman's next project?
charlie kaufman, frank or francis, jack black, nicolas cage, quickflix, spike jonze, steve carell, synecdoche new york
Melbourne International Film Festival – Day Three
First look at Kristen Stewart and Chris Hemsworth in Snow White and The Huntsman


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La Avenida es la principal artería de Melilla. Esta emplazada en el Barrio Héroes de España, antiguo de Reina Victoria, en el distrito 2, en la zona norte de Melilla. Comienza en la plaza del Comandante Benítez y termina en la plaza de España.

Historia
En un principio se llamó la carretera del Polígono, por conducir desde la puerta de Santa Bárbara, hoy plaza de España hasta el barrio del Polígono Excepcional, más tarde calle Chacel y más tarde avenida Alfonso XIII, avenida de La República, avenida de los Héroes del 17 de julio y avenida del Generalísimo, hasta que hoy se denomina oficialmente avenida Juan Carlos I Rey.

A mediados de los setenta, siendo alcalde Francisco Mir Berlanga, se pavimentó por trescientas mil pesetas con mármol.
Entre el 12 de septiembre y el 10 de diciembre de 1994, fecha en que se inauguró por el alcalde Ignacio Velázquez, fue remodelada por Dragados, cambiándose su pavimento e instalándose farolas isabelinas.

Descripción
Bajo ella se encuentra el Colector General, una alcantarilla que recogía las aguas pluviales del Barrio del Polígono, pasando por la actual calle José García Cabrelles antes de continuar por La Avenida y terminar en el mar.

Casi todos los inmuebles de ella fueron levantados entre 1908 y 1915 en estilos arquitectónicos como el clasismo y el eclecticismo, si bien sufrieron modifiones y reformas que los transformaron en modernistas y art decó.

Destacan de ellos:

Economato Militar

Grandes Almacenes La Reconquista

Casa La Pilarica

Casa de Félix Saénz

Edificio Metropol

Referencias

Avenidas en Melilla

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


J.P. Morgan Chase is nearing a settlement with federal consumer regulators investigating the bank for violations in debt collection practices. The settlement appears to be a fine somewhere under $80 million dollars.
According to reports, the bank's CEO visited Washington D.C. on September 10th to update the Federal Government on the bank's compliance with federal regulations. Violations of debt collection law by creditors are much more common than consumers think. The best consumer protection from their creditor is a qualified debt settlement attorney. A qualified debt settlement attorney can help the consumer defend creditor harassment that violates state and federal law. This attorney can also settle the consumer's debt often for a large reduction in the principal balance owed. If you are being harassed by debt collectors, creditors, or collection attorneys, contact a qualified debt settlement attorney and know your rights.


Hey guys, I've owed you this one for a while, but somehow I just never got around to it. This is a roundup post where I'm going to give a quick recap of my cocktail adventures in Tokyo. Mostly I just want a central landing page for this topic. These are all of the bars I visited, along with photographic evidence and some words on my experiences at each one.
I started the series with some thoughts on Japanese Cocktail Philosophy, a kind of recap of my impressions and learnings.
building on a progression of flavors and harmony.
Bar High Five – Hidetsugu Ueno's world-famous bar focuses on classic drinks and perfecting customer service.
Kazuo Uyeda's Bar Tender – The one and only, Kazuo Uyeda serves flawless classics along with his award-winning originals.
Mandarin Oriental Hotel Bar – Luxurious ambience and some old tiki favorites.
Conrad Hotel Bar – Stunning views, but their ambitious mixology needs a little refinement.
Bar Benfiddich – The perfect bar in every way. Homey, comfortable, with a true artisan behind the bar. Ben makes his own versions of classic liqueurs such as Chartreuse and Campari.
The Stella – A modernist mixology lounge in Ebisu with barrel-aged cocktails, foams, liquid nitrogen, and smoke guns.
CodeName: Mixology Akasaka – Molecular mixology at its finest. Don't miss the rotovap-distilled spirits in drinks such as the blue cheese cognac martini.
Bar Trench – A small, intimate venue more in the style of a US or European craft bar.
Bar Aliviar – A neighborhood bar mostly catering to locals. A great place to experience the less flashy side of Japanese bartending.
Soukichi Glassware Company – A supplier of high quality glassware to many of the bars listed above.
And for those of us who are ready, here is a summary of my thoughts on Japanese Mixology.
Ishi no Hana – Alcademics visited them, so you can find a little information there.
If you happen to visit one of them, why not write me a guest post?
Categories: excursions, spirituality | Tags: alcohol, bars, bartending, Best Bars, booze, cocktail, cocktails, craft cocktails, drinking, drinks, japan, liquor, mixed drinks, mixology, tokyo, travel | Permalink.


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Норт-Ньютон — місто, штат Канзас
 Норт-Ньютон Тауншип — селище в окрузі Камберленд, штат Пенсільванія


text:
Video: Mopping Up ISIS and Al Qaeda Terror Groups: 96.5% of Syrian Territory Retaken by Pro-Government Forces and Russia Military?
By South Front
Region: Middle East & North Africa, Russia and FSU
Theme: Intelligence, Militarization and WMD, US NATO War Agenda
In-depth Report: SYRIA
1,411 residential areas have been liberated from ISIS terrorists since the start of the Russian military operation in Syria, Head of the Russian National Defense Management Center Colonel General Mikhail Mizintsev said on December 11, during a joint meeting of the interdepartmental coordination of the Russian and Syrian headquarters for the return of refugees.
He noted that the Russian Armed Forces successfully completed their operation of mopping up terror groups in Syria, including thousands of ISIS fighters. According to Mizintsev, only a few ragtag US-backed groups survived in the Trans-Euphrates region and near Al-Tanf. The remaining members of Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (Jabhat al-Nusra) were blocked in the Idlib de-escalation zone.
The colonel general also commented on the situation in the US-occupied area of at-Tanf where, he said, 6,000 militants are staying and the US-led coalition is preventing delivery of humanitarian aid to refugees in Rubkan camp.
During the same meeting, Russian Foreign Ministry spokesman Igor Tsarikov said that the US-held area is the source of destabilization in this part of the country.
Besides this, Colonel General Mizintsev revealed that refugees reception centers had been set up in 412 localities and conditions have been created to receive 1,497,650 people. 10 ports of entry are now active at the Syrian-Lebanese border, Syrian-Jordanian border, in the Damascus International Airport, and in the port of Banias. Over 290,278 Syrians have returned from foreign states to their homeland since the start of the year.
Active efforts are being contributed to restore the destroyed infrastructure of the country. Since the start of 2018, 4,690 residential buildings, 266 medical facilities, 1,464 education institutions, 1,022 electrical substations, 14,239 industrial facilities, 284 water stations, 206 schools and multiple other facilities have been restored.
It is also interesting to note that according to Colonel General Mizintsev, over 96.5% of the country has been retaken by pro-government forces and militia.
Taking into account that a large part of northwestern Syria is controlled by the Turkish Armed Forces and various militant groups, including Hayat Tahrir al-Sham, the northwestern part of Syria is controlled by the US-led coalition and its proxies, the US-controlled area of al-Tanf and ISIS cells operating in the Homs-Deir Ezzor desert as well as in the Euphrates Valley, it does not seem like pro-government forces are in control of 96.5% of Syria.
The original source of this article is South Front
Copyright © South Front, South Front, 2018
Articles by: South Front


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Leif is a male given name of Scandinavian origin. It is derived from the Old Norse name Leifr (nominative case),  meaning "heir", "descendant".

Use in the Nordic countries

Spelling and prevalence
Across the Nordic countries, the most commonly occurring spelling of the name is Leif, however, there are some well-established regional variants:

  – Leiv
  – Lejf
  – Leifur
  – Leivur

In Norway, about 17,000 men have Leif as their first (or only) name. In Sweden, 70,000 men have the name Leif, about 60% of them as a first name.  As of 2018, about 15,000 Danish men have Leif as their first name. In Finland, as of 2012, 4,628 men have Leif as a first name. In the U.S., as of 2015, 6,415 men have Leif as a first name.

Pronunciation
Because the Scandinavian languages differ in their pronunciation of the digraphs  and , the name Leif may be either pronounced as an approximate rhyme for "safe", or approximately like the English word "life", In Sweden, Finland, Iceland and Western Norway, it is an approximate rhyme with "safe". In Denmark, much of Norway, and the southern and western regions of the Faroe Islands, the name is pronounced more like "life", while the only exception to this pattern is in the northern and eastern regions of the Faroe Islands where it is an approximate rhyme with the English word "coif". In no Scandinavian region is the name pronounced like the most commonly heard English language pronunciation, "leaf", as that would be a homophone of the unrelated female name Liv/Lif.

People
 Leif Ove Andsnes (born 1970), Norwegian pianist and exponent of Edvard Grieg
 Leif Axmyr (1938–2018), Swedish murderer
 Leif Bergdahl (born 1941), Swedish physician and politician
 Leif Blomberg (1941–1998), Swedish trade unionist and politician
 Leif Davidsen (born 1950), Danish crime fiction writer
 Leif Davis (born 1999), English footballer
 Leif Erikson ( 970 –  1020), Norse explorer regarded as having discovered North America before Christopher Columbus
 Leif Garrett (born 1961), Norwegian-American singer and actor
 Leif Hård (born 1944), Swedish politician
 Leif Hoste (born 1977), Belgian road cyclist
 Leif Juster (1910–1995), Norwegian comedian, actor and singer.
 Leif Larsen (1906-1990) Norwegian sailor and the most highly decorated allied naval officer of World War II
 Leif Linde (born 1955), Swedish politician
 Leif Nysmed (born 1970), Swedish politician
 Leif Olsen (1927–2012),  Norwegian footballer
 Leif Panduro (1923–1977), Danish novelist and dramatist
 Leif G. W. Persson (born 1945), Swedish criminologist, whistle-blower and novelist
 Leif Segerstam (born 1944), Finnish conductor and composer
 Leif Shiras (born 1959), American tennis player
 Leif Tronstad (1903–1945), Norwegian scientist, intelligence officer and military organizer
 Leif Vollebekk, Canadian singer-songwriter
 Le1f (born Khalif Diouf in 1989), American rapper and producer from New York
 Leif Arrhenius Swedish track athlete

See also

References

Scandinavian masculine given names
Swedish masculine given names
Norwegian masculine given names
Danish masculine given names
Icelandic masculine given names


As more and more families in Weslaco, TX, are pulling in double income, more and more parents need to find a qualified, day care center they can trust. Lollipops and Dragons Daycare, LLC provides a quality day care service for parents of infants, pre-teens and all ages in between. We are open from six thirty am to six pm, Monday to Friday.
We provide the children under our supervision with toys, playground equipment and educational activities that are age appropriate, and all our staff is trained in first aid and CPR.
As a licensed day care center in the state of Texas, we adhere to the strict guidelines set forth by The Department of Family Protection Services. In regards to the care of infant children, the regulations require that the absolute maximum ratio of children to caregivers be four to one. Having this small number of children per staff member assures that each child is able to form a meaningful bond with their caregiver, and that the caregiver can concentrate on the few children under his/her care.
Toddlers are extremely mobile and naturally curious. As a result, a conscientious day care center must take special safety precautions. At Lollipops and Dragons Daycare, LLC, all of our electrical outlets are safeguarded with child proof coverings, and all our furniture is low and anchored to the walls in order to avoid any accidents. None of the toys in the toddler area pose any choking hazards, and the cribs and cots are placed away from any blinds or cords.
As children grow older, they require more and more independence. We provide supervised after school care for school aged children of working parents. Our staff monitors the children as they play, learn and interact with their peers.


Hello, and welcome to the Week 12 Actual Opportunity Report. Actual Opportunity is our approximation of how many fantasy points a player should score based on workload. If you're unfamiliar with Actual Opportunity and how it applies to fantasy football, you can read the in-depth explanation here.
Essentially, we're using a 10-season sample of play-by-play data to calculate expected fantasy points from a player's seasonal or weekly usage. We look at each target (by distance from the end zone and depth of target) and each carry (by distance from the end zone and down and distance) and add this up to determine how valuable a player's role is for fantasy purposes. We can contrast this with fantasy production to measure efficiency.
Parker was our single least efficient player in Week 11, totaling 21.4 expected fantasy points, but scoring only 6.6. Parker saw nine targets in Week 11, including four red-zone and two end-zone targets. If we exclude Week 5 (when Parker played on only three snaps), he averages 16.0 expected fantasy points per game, which would rank eighth-best among all wide receivers. Parker is one of my top positive regression candidates at the moment, given the immense workload he has seen, but I do have one reservation. Last week Miami's offensive coordinator Clyde Christensen said, "[Parker] doesn't have the edge that he had coming out of training camp, but I do think that sometimes with those guys who are speed guys and outside guys you get a nagging thing and you just don't feel 100 percent. I'd say that that is the reason [for Parker losing his edge]." It seems likely Parker's injury has contributed to his inefficiencies this season, but, while I don't know when he might be back to full health, the upside in terms of volume is clearly there. All of this being said, if Matt Moore is named the starter for Week 12, the Miami player I'd be most excited about (relative to expectations) would be Kenny Stills. Landry is still an especially strong start regardless of quarterback, ranking an astounding third among wide receivers in expected fantasy points per game (17.2), up against a New England defense allowing the second-most fantasy points per game to opposing slot wide receivers (15.8).


text:
If you're feeling down and are struggling to find the light at the end of the tunnel, Banky W has a message of hope for you. The Nigerian superstar on Thursday, shared a touching message about dealing with some of the curve balls life throws...
Who knew Naomi Campbell and Sadiq Khan had so much in common? The much awaited start of Edward Enninful's reign at British Vogue is finally here (#NewVogue is now a thing) and it's literally caused an Armageddon in the publishing...
Inspired by her husband's recent battle with a near fatal heart disorder, Wife of legendary Nigerian striker Amara Kanu is launching a book on healthy living. In 2014, 8 years after he first had urgent surgery to replace an aortic valve, Amara...
Seyi Slay! Afrobeats star looks dazzling at friend's wedding to Swansea footballer
It has been a great week for fast rising Afrobeats and R&B star Seyi Shay. The 'Murda' singer who announced her record deal with Island Records on Tuesday via her Instagram page was also a special guest at the wedding of her former...
Revenge star Ashley Madekwe poses nude for Reebok
Reebok Classic has announced an exclusive partnership with cosmetics brand FACE Stockholm to launch a limited edition collection with a campaign that features actress and blogger Ashley Madekwe. The British actress models the new line of sneakers...
Ever wondered what Hollywood actress Lupita Nyong'o looked like as a teenager? She's dazzled us on the red carpets at prestigious events and every top designer wants to clothe her, because she's the girl with skin so smooth and...


Our board members are a fantastic group of word enthusiasts who work hard at making our centre the best it could possibly be. They are dedicated to ensure the longevity of centres such as ours and are always thinking up new ideas to help the writing communities that we serve.
Sophie is the award-winning author of over 50 books for children, young adults and adults, published in Australia and overseas. She's served on the Literature Board of the Australia Council and the Board of the Australian Society of Authors, and is currently also President of the New England and North West sub-branch of the Children's Book Council of NSW.
Peter is a Rolls Royce trained, professionally qualified mechanical engineer, who has worked at a senior executive level in a number of organisations in the private and public sector in the UK, South Africa, Singapore and Australia.
He brings substantial experience in running commercial entities to the NEWC where he looks forward to making a significant contribution as a Board member.
He has also worked in the publishing sector where his strengths lie in overall client management, marketing and book production.
Having emigrated to Australia eight years ago, he recently moved to Armidale and with his wife, Kathy, has set up Little Pink Dog Books, specializing in picture books for children.
John is Executive Chairman of Infrastructure, Utilities and Renewables Asia for Macquarie Capital and also Chairman of Macquarie Group of Companies, Korea. He became a Member of the Order of Australia in 1999 for services to economic reform and the design of the transportation plan for the Sydney Olympics 2000. He has also received a Presidential citation in Korea for his contribution to the development of Korean capital markets. On the community front John has written two best-selling children's books and has donated all proceeds to environmental organizations. He has also recently released a music album '12 Bridges' which is available on iTunes with sales to be donated to Philippine Red Cross to support Typhoon Yolanda victims.


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