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A METAPHOR OF INDEFENSIBLE CORREGIDOR AND CHINA'S ISLAND FORTRESSES
Corregidor Mile Long Barracks
Battle of Corregidor - Background:
Located in Manila Bay, just south of the Bataan Peninsula, Corregidor served as a key element in the Allied defensive plans for the Philippines in the years after World War I.
Officially designated Fort Mills, the small island was shaped like a tadpole and was heavily fortified with numerous coastal batteries which mounted 56 guns of various sizes. The wide western end of the island, known as Topside, contained most of the island's guns, while barracks and support facilities were located on a plateau to the east known as Middleside. Further east was Bottomside which contained the town of San Jose as well as dock facilities (Map).
Looming over this area was Malinta Hill which housed an array of fortified tunnels. The main shaft ran east-west for 826 feet and possessed 25 lateral tunnels. These housed the offices for General Douglas MacArthur's headquarters as well as storage areas. Connected to this system was a second set of tunnels to the north which contained a 1,000-bed hospital and medical facilities for the garrison (Map). Further to the east, the island tapered to a point where an airfield was located.
Due the perceived strength of Corregidor's defenses, it was dubbed the "Gibraltar of the East." Supporting Corregidor, were three other facilities around Manila Bay: Fort Drum, Fort Frank, and Fort Hughes. With the beginning of the Philippines Campaign in December 1941, these defenses were led by Major General George F.
Moore.
Battle of Corregidor - The Japanese Land:
Following smaller landings earlier in the month, Japanese forces came ashore in force at Luzon's Lingayen Gulf on December 22. Though attempts were made to hold the enemy on the beaches, these efforts failed and by nightfall the Japanese were safely ashore. Recognizing that the enemy could not be pushed back, MacArthur implemented War Plan Orange 3 on December 24. This called for some American and Filipino forces to assume blocking positions while the remainder withdrew to a defensive line on the Bataan Peninsula to the west of Manila.
To oversee operations, MacArthur shifted his headquarters to the Malinta Tunnel on Corregidor. For this, he was derisively nicknamed "Dugout Doug" by the troops fighting on Bataan. Over the next several days, efforts were made to shift supplies and resources to the peninsula with the goal of holding out until reinforcements could arrive from the United States. As the campaign progressed, Corregidor first came under attack on December 29 when Japanese aircraft began a bombing campaign against the island. Lasting for several days, these raids destroyed many of the buildings on the island including the Topside and Bottomside barracks as well as the US Navy's fuel depot (Map).
Battle of Corregidor - Preparing Corregidor:
In January, the air raids diminished and effort commenced to enhance the island's defenses. While fighting raged on Bataan, the defenders of Corregidor, consisting largely of Colonel Samuel L. Howard's 4th Marines and elements of several other units, endured siege conditions as food supplies slowly dwindled. As the situation on Bataan deteriorated, MacArthur received orders from President Franklin Roosevelt to leave the Philippines and escape to Australia. Initially refusing, he was convinced by his chief of staff to go. Departing on the night of March 12, 1942, he turned over command in the Philippines to Lieutenant General Jonathan Wainwright. Traveling by PT boat to Mindanao, MacArthur and his party then flew to Australia on a B-17 Flying Fortress.
Back in the Philippines, efforts to resupply Corregidor largely failed as ships were intercepted by the Japanese. Prior to its fall, only one vessel, the MV Princessa, successfully eluded the Japanese and reached the island with provisions. As the position on Bataan neared collapse, around 1,200 men were shifted to Corregidor from the peninsula. With no alternatives remaining, Major General Edward King was forced to surrender Bataan on April 9. Having secured Bataan, Lieutenant General Masaharu Homma turned his attention to capturing Corregidor and eliminating enemy resistance around Manila. On April 28, Major General Kizon Mikami's 22nd Air Brigade began an aerial offensive against the island.
Battle of Corregidor - A Desperate Defense:
Shifting artillery to the southern part of Bataan, Homma began a relentless bombardment of the island on May 1. This continued until May 5 when Japanese troops under Major General Kureo Tanaguchi boarded landing craft to assault Corregidor. Just before midnight, an intense artillery barrage hammered the area between North and Cavalry Points near the island's tail. Storming the beach, the initial wave of 790 Japanese infantry met fierce resistance and was hampered by oil which had washed ashore on Corregidor's beaches from the numerous ships sunk in the area. Though American artillery exacted a heavy toll on the landing fleet, the troops on the beach succeeded in gaining a foothold after making effective use of Type 89 grenade dischargers known as "knee mortars."
Fighting heavy currents, the second Japanese attack attempted to land further east. Hit hard as they came ashore, the assaulting forces lost most of their officers early in the fighting was largely repulsed by the 4th Marines. The survivors then shifted west to join with the first wave. Struggling inland, the Japanese began to make some gains and by 1:30 AM on May 6 had captured Battery Denver. Becoming a focal point of the battle, the 4th Marines quickly moved to recover the battery. Heavy fighting ensued which became hand-to-hand but ultimately saw the Japanese slowly overwhelm the Marines as reinforcements arrived from the mainland.
Battle of Corregidor - The Island Falls:
With the situation desperate, Howard committed his reserves around 4:00 AM. Moving forward, approximately 500 Marines were slowed by Japanese snipers which had infiltrated through the lines. Though suffering from ammunition shortages, the Japanese took advantage of their superior numbers and continued to press the defenders. Around 5:30 AM, approximately 880 reinforcements landed in the island and moved to support the initial assault waves. Four hours later, the Japanese succeeded in landing three tanks on the island. These proved key in driving the defenders back to concrete trenches near the entrance to the Malinta Tunnel. With over 1,000 helpless wounded in the Tunnel's hospital and expecting additional Japanese forces to land on the island, Wainwright began to contemplate surrender.
Battle of Corregidor - Aftermath:
Meeting with his commanders, Wainwright saw no other option but to capitulate.
Radioing Roosevelt, Wainwright stated, "There is a limit of human endurance, and that point has long been passed." While Howard burned the 4th Marines' colors to prevent capture, Wainwright sent emissaries to discuss terms with Homma. Though Wainwright only wished to surrender the men on Corregidor, Homma insisted that he surrender all remaining US and Filipino forces in the Philippines. Concerned about those US forces that had already been captured as well as those on Corregidor, Wainwright saw little choice but comply with this order. As a result, large formations such as Major General William Sharp's Visayan-Mindanao Force were forced to surrender without having played a role in the campaign.
Though Sharp complied with the surrender order, many of his men continued to battle the Japanese as guerillas. The fighting for Corregidor saw Wainwright lose around 800 killed, 1,000 wounded, and 11,000 captured. Japanese losses numbered 900 killed and 1,200 wounded. While Wainwright was imprisoned in Formosa and Manchuria for the remainder of the war, his men were taken to prison camps around the Philippines as well as used for slave labor in other parts of the Japanese Empire. Corregidor remained under Japanese control until Allied forces liberated the island in February 1945.
For the Chinese Islands, initial attacks of UAV's neutralizing island defenses then after cruise missiles, then B1 and B 52 with deep penetration bombs destroying runways and the reefs themselves. Much to the assertions and ideas of a static unsinkable aircraft carriers.
China's 'island fortresses': Surveillance photos reveal how the communist country has built a belt of military installations across the South China Sea in 'unrestrained' show of power
China has apparently transformed seven reefs in the disputed Spratly Islands into military island fortresses
Pictures of Beijing's new military build-up were taken from 1,500m up in the last six months of 2017
The images show Chinese military installations including missile frigates, helipads and observation towers
Beijing's militarisation of the South China Sea has been revealed in new photos obtained by a newspaper in the Philippines.
In what the news organisation described as an 'unrestrained' show of power China has apparently transformed seven reefs in the Spratly islands into military island fortresses featuring runways and observation towers.
The military build-up has emerged in pictures taken from a height of 1,500m (4,920 feet) in the last six months of 2017, according to the Philippine Daily Inquirer.
One of the fortresses is situated on Panganiban, a reef which a United Nations-backed court has previously ruled belongs to the Philippines, it is reported.
Beijing's militarisation of the South China Sea has been revealed in new photos obtained by a newspaper in the Philippines
In what was described as an 'unrestrained' show of power China has apparently transformed seven reefs in the Spratly islands into military island fortresses
The military build-up has emerged in pictures taken from 1,500m in the second half of 2017, according to a Filipino paper
China's continued reclamation in the South China Sea has eroded trust among rival claimants and could raise regional tensions, Southeast Asian foreign ministers said on Tuesday
One of the fortresses is situated on Panganiban, a reef which a United Nations-backed court has previously ruled belongs to the Philippines, it is reported. Pictured: a Chinese missile frigate
The pictures show a variety of military installations including missile frigates, observation towers and concrete helipads.
China's continued reclamation in the South China Sea has eroded trust among rival claimants and could raise regional tensions, Southeast Asian foreign ministers said on Tuesday.
Beijing claims nearly all of the waterway and has been turning reefs and islets into islands and installing military facilities such as runways and equipment on them.
ASEAN members Malaysia, Brunei, the Philippines and Vietnam as well as Taiwan also have partial claims in the waterway.
On the three largest reefs, Kagitingan, Panganiban and Zamora, runways appeared to be ready to receive military aircraft.
China had in December defended its construction on disputed islands as 'normal' after a US think tank released new satellite images showing the deployment of radar and other equipment.
The military expansion also ties into a broader Chinese initiative, called One Belt One Road.
The vast infrastructure project, launched by Chinese President Xi Jinping, is set to build a 'new Silk Road' of ports, railways and roads to expand trade across an arc of countries through Asia, Africa and Europe.
Beijing claims nearly all of the waterway and has been turning reefs and islets into islands and installing military facilities such as runways and equipment on them, such as this radome on Panganiban Reef
China had in December defended its construction on disputed islands as 'normal' after a US think tank released new satellite images showing the deployment of radar and other equipment
The lagoon at Panganiban Reef was among the images in the images made available by a newspaper in the Philippines
The military expansion also ties into a broader Chinese initiative, called One Belt One Road, launched by Chinese President Xi Jinping to expand trade
Chinese naval and coast guard ships including a Nanyun-class replenishment ship were among the military installations pictured
An observation tower, hanger, concrete runway and weather radar are visible on Kagitingan Reef
The military installations on Mabini Reef include observation powers, a concrete helipad and a pair of wind turbines
Military ships have been pictured at Zamora Reef, including a frigate equipped with a primary surface strike weapon
At Panganiban Reef there were troop transport ships pictured as well as an amphibious Chinese transport dock
A Chinese coast guard vessel, three cargo vessels and 15 fishing vessels were visible in the pictures at Zamora Reef
A Chinese coast guard vessel was very clearly visible in the newly revealed pictures at Zamora Reef in the South China Sea
On Kagitingan Reef there were observation towers, radomes, a lighthouse and a 3.1km (1.9 mile) concrete runway
Military installations on Hughes Reef included a multi-storey building with a radome, and a single-barrel gun


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Q: Should I attach my .on('click') event to the document or element Yesterday I was reading the jQuery docs for .on() where was stated:

Avoid excessive use of document or document.body for delegated events on large documents

But today, I was looking at this JSPERF and I notice a better performance when the click event is attached to the document.
So right now, I'm confused. The performance tests speak against the docs?

A: Your JSPerf here is testing the speed to attach events, not the effect that they have on cumulative page performance. This is the wrong thing to test!
Javascript events propagate up the DOM all the way to the document root. This means that if you have an on("click", ...) handler on document, then every click on every element in the document will end up running an event handler, so jQuery can test if its origin matches the delegate target, to see if it should be passed to that event handler.
Imagine that your page has 10 different delegated event handlers on document, all handling various clicks. Every time you click any element in the page, the event will bubble up to the document root, and all 10 of those handlers have to be tested to figure out which (if any) should be run.
In general, you want your delegated events to be as deep in the tree as possible while still enabling your functionality, since this limits the number of elements that may invoke this event, and you can handle the event earlier to prevent it from propagating up the DOM tree.

A: It depends.
You can attach handler to any element you want, of course, and in some cases you will have to attach it to document or body (if you, for example, want to target all the links on the page). But, if you are sure that certain elements will always appear only inside given element (which is already created) - then for performance sake, you can attach event handler to that common parent.

A: The point is excessive.
IMHO excessive delegates on any DOM is terrible

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Miss Valle del Cauca candidates announced
by Olle Ohlsen Pettersson June 11, 2012
The prestigious Miss Valle 2012 competition officially began Tuesday with a presentation of the candidates dressed in bathing suits.
The terrace and swimming pool of the Hotel Intercontinental in Cali was turned into a scene of beauty as the contestants paraded in front of the press, judges and an invited audience.
The women wore swimming suits designed by the Cali-based designer Paula Saavedra and reportedly seemed comfortable despite the importance of the event. Carmen Lucia Aldana, a 20-year-old social communications student, even did a seemingly spontaneous parade in front of the cameras, reported the Cali daily El Pais.
The winner of the Miss Valle competition will be crowned on the 14th of June in Cali. She will thereafter represent the department in the nationwide Miss Colombia competition, to be held in the Caribbean city of Cartagena in November 2012.
Miss ColombiaMiss Valle
Miss Colombia goes anti-government, pro-peace and pro-choice at Miss Universe
When even Miss Colombia calls to join anti-government protests
2018's first Miss Colombia elected

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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You now know what size dumpster you will want when upgrading a creating, look for small wheels on the dumpster you must rent and a business you can obtain skids to protect ones driveway.


December 12, 2009 in "meteors", "space"
Make hot cocoa. Bundle up. Tell your friends. The best meteor shower of 2009 is about to fall over North America on a long, cold December night.
Bill Cooke of NASA offers this advice: "Watch the sky during the hours around local midnight. For North Americans, this means Sunday night to Monday morning."
For more meteor shower viewing tips see here.


A man found dead in white colony at Galapagos - his partner disappears with another man.
A terrible earthquake causes death and devastation in Ecuador.
Rio de Janeiro Conference in Brazil, delegates from South America and USA attend.
De Gaulle met by Leoni, visits Caracas, Bogota & Ecuador and hailed by cheering crowds.


text:
On International Day to End Violence Against Sex Workers, We Must Look Closely at the Results of FOSTA
By Daly Barnett
Today is International Day to End Violence Against Sex Workers, an annual observation supported by and dedicated to those that participate in the sex trade. It's also nearly the end of 2019—the first full calendar year since Congress passed the Internet censorship law SESTA/FOSTA. EFF fought the bill in Congress, concerned that its vague, ambiguous language and stiff criminal and civil penalties would drive constitutionally protected content off the Internet. And we represent organizations and individuals that are challenging the law in federal court. Activists and organizers from within the sex working community made it clear from the beginning as well: though this bill was intended to curb violence that occurs in the sex trade, its result would be just the opposite because it deprived a community of many of the online tools they used to stay safe and to organize. 2019 has brought us the unfortunate statistics to prove that they were right.
In a recent study of sex workers completed by the grassroots sex worker advocacy organization Hacking//Hustling, in collaboration with Whose Corner Is It Anyway, 40% of participants reported experiencing increased violence after FOSTA became law. Additionally, an overwhelming 99% of participants said they do not feel safer because of FOSTA. The details of this study were recently reviewed at a conference hosted by Harvard's Berkman Klein Law Center, and the full results will soon be available. But these grim statistics aren't an outlier: last year the San Francisco Police Department reported that human trafficking and street-based sex work offenses had spiked 170% since FOSTA's passage.
These numbers affirm what those who participate in the sex industry warned would happen. FOSTA has ensnared a wide array of platforms and online marketplaces whose operators, fearing that comments, posts, or ads that are sexual in nature will result in new liability, have censored users' speech or shut down entirely. The absence of these sites have prevented sex workers from organizing and utilizing tools that have kept them safe. Taking away client-screening capabilities, bad date lists, and other intra-community safety tips leads to putting more workers on the street, which leads to increased violence and trafficking. The consequences of this censorship are most devastating for trans women of color, who are disproportionately affected by this violence. In NYC, the unfair targeting of trans women by local ordinances are so prevalent, loitering laws are colloquially known as "Walking While Trans" laws.
After SESTA/FOSTA's passage, plaintiffs Woodhull Freedom Foundation, Human Rights Watch, Alex Andrews, the Internet Archive, and Eric Koszyk filed suit to invalidate the law. EFF is part of the legal team representing the plaintiffs, who are asking a court to declare the law unconstitutional and prevent it from being enforced. On this International Day to End Violence Against Sex Workers, it's clear that the first step to actually ending such violence is to repeal SESTA/FOSTA, and to listen more closely to the communities affected by such laws. Destigmatization and full decriminalization is the battle cry of many sex work advocacy groups; but under FOSTA, this advocacy may be illegal. It's time for us to start taking these risks, and the real-world implications of FOSTA's censorship, seriously.
Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act
Press Release | January 24, 2020
Victory! Lawsuit Challenging FOSTA Reinstated by Court
SAN FRANCISCO–A lawsuit challenging the constitutionality of FOSTA, a federal law that has driven marginalized communities and speech about sex and sex work offline, was reinstated today in a court ruling that recognizes the statute poses a substantial threat to free speech.The U.S. Court of Appeals for the District...
Deeplinks Blog by rainey Reitman | January 24, 2020
When Computer Crimes Are Used To Silence Journalists: Why EFF Stands Against the Prosecution of Glenn Greenwald
This week, prosecutors in Brazil filed a criminal complaint against Glenn Greenwald, an internationally lauded journalist best known for publishing leaked documents detailing the NSA's mass surveillance. Greenwald's prosecution is an attempt to use computer crime law to silence an investigative reporter who exposed deep-seated government corruption. Sadly, this...
Deeplinks Blog by Naomi Gilens, Saira Hussain | January 22, 2020
EFF to Supreme Court: Criminal Immigration Statute Threatens Free Speech Online
EFF is urging the U.S. Supreme Court to strike down a law that poses a serious threat to online speech by criminalizing speech that "encourages" unlawful immigration. EFF filed an amicus brief on behalf of itself and Immigrants Rising, the Internet Archive, and Daphne Keller. The...
Deeplinks Blog by Jillian C. York | January 22, 2020
Speaking Freely: An Interview with Addie Wagenknecht
Addie Wagenknecht is an artist and researcher based between the U.S. and Europe. We met a few years back when she invited me to be part of Deep Lab, a "collaborative group of cyberfeminist researchers, artists, writers, engineers, and cultural producers" that she co-founded in 2014. We've shared the stage...
Deeplinks Blog by Karen Gullo | January 21, 2020
EFF Statement on Glenn Greenwald Charges
EFF is dismayed to learn of the decision by Brazilian prosecutors to charge journalist Glenn Greenwald under the country's computer crime law. EFF has long warned that cybersecurity laws in the Americas have been written and interpreted so broadly as to invite misuse. Computer crime laws should never...
Hearing Wednesday: EFF Urges Court To Rule That Blogger's Opinion of Open Source Licensing Agreement is Protected by the First Amendment
San Francisco, California—On Wednesday, January 22, at 9 am, EFF Staff Attorney Jamie Williams will tell a federal appeals court that a lower court correctly dismissed a defamation lawsuit against a blogger, finding that his criticisms of a company's business practices were opinions about an unsettled legal issue protected by...
Iranian Tech Users Are Getting Knocked Off the Web by Ambiguous Sanctions
Between targeted killings, retaliatory air strikes, and the shooting of a civilian passenger plane, the last few weeks have been marked by tragedy as tensions rise between the U.S. and Iranian governments. In the wake of these events, Iranians within the country and in the broader diaspora...
Deeplinks Blog by Christoph Schmon, Karen Gullo | January 15, 2020
Rights Groups to European Commission: Prioritize Users' Rights, Get Public Input For Article 17 Application Guidelines
The implementation of Art 17 (formerly Article 13) into national laws will have a profound effect on what users can say and share online. The controversial rule, part of the EU's copyright directive approved last year, turns tech companies and online services operators into copyright police. Platforms are liable...
Deeplinks Blog by Joe Mullin | January 13, 2020
Virginia Needs a Strong Anti-SLAPP Law to Stop Bogus Lawsuits
Sometimes lawsuits get filed to chill speech or harass people, rather than resolve legitimate legal disputes. Unfortunately, this trend has increased over the past few decades. Since the 1980s, these lawsuits have been called SLAPPs—or Strategic Lawsuits Against Public Participation. The best solution to stop SLAPPs are strong anti-SLAPP laws...
Deeplinks Blog by Elliot Harmon | December 30, 2019
Protecting the Legal Foundation of the Internet: 2019 in Review
When someone says something unlawful online, they should be the one held responsible for it, not the website or platform where they said it. Section 230—the most important law protecting free speech online—reflects that common-sense principle. This year, EFF defended Section 230 in Congress, the courts, and on the...


Combine flour and salt in a large bowl. Make a well in the center, add 6 tbsp olive oil, and gradually add sparkling water, mixing to form a soft dough. Shape into a ball, wrap in plastic, and leave to rest at room temperature about 20 minutes. Cut 2 zucchini lengthwise into ¼-inch-thick slices. Heat grill pan over high heat and grill slices on each side until they soften. Remove and set aside.
Preheat oven to 375. Line a 9½-inch round pie dish with parchment paper. Slice remaining zucchini into thin rounds. Heat 1 tbsp olive oil in a pan, add pancetta and onion, and fry over medium heat, stirring until pancetta is nearly crisp and onion has softened. Add sliced zucchini, reduce heat to low, cover, and cook until zucchini has softened, about 5 minutes. Remove from heat, drain any liquid, and leave to cool. Combine ricotta, 1 egg, basil, Parmesan, and pancetta-zucchini mixture in a bowl. Season with salt and black pepper to taste.
Prepare an egg wash by whisking together 1 egg yolk and milk. On a lightly floured work surface, roll out pastry to about ¹∕16-inch thick; place in pie dish, making sure you have some excess pastry around the edges. Add filling. Arrange zucchini strips in a lattice pattern over filling, then fold excess pastry over to create a deep edge, pinching it at regular intervals to seal. Brush pastry and zucchini lattice with egg wash; bake pie about 25 minutes, until golden. Remove from oven and allow to rest 5 minutes. Serves 6.


The last decade has seen incredible developments in the smartphone hardware industry. We have seen smartphone displays reaching levels comparable to your television screens. We have seen camera's improving from VGA camera's to 4k cameras. Keypads have moved onto touch screens which are more sensitive than your own skin. Memory has improved by leaps and bounds along with capabilities of processors installed in these devices. We have seen a complete transformation from the briefcase phone to the phones we use today.
Easy access to scale at an economical rate is exactly what threatens the smartphone industry. This is a business where the incumbents have differentiated their products largely on their hardware specifications. And due to the same ecosystem they have helped developed and use, everybody else can use it too. Eg if Samsung comes up with a new smartphone with a 5 inc display screen, a 4k camera, 8GB RAM, some Snapdragon chipset, 64 GB memory, this same phone can be replicated and released by other brands. The time-frames can be as low as a week to 15 days. A smartphone manufacturer cannot differentiate their product on hardware alone, anymore.
However, a major reason all this has been possible is not a secret anymore. It's China, or more specifically, a particular province called Guangdong which is situated in Southern China. This province single-handedly produces 70% of all smartphones sold in the world. There is this corridor between Guangzhou, leading to Shenzhen and spills out from Hong Kong to the rest of the world. It is said that a simple traffic jam here could lead to a global increase smartphone prices. This particular area is filled with factories spewing out not just Smartphones, but tablets, laptops, drones, hoverboards etc. Whatever new electronic device catches the world's fancy, is being manufactured in these factories. You are a huge corporation with a new product line, a parts manufacturer/seller, a small time entrepreneur with a product idea, this is where you go to make your dreams come true, economically and at scale. And everyone knows this!
In mid 2000's, smartphone manufacturers like Apple, Samsung or Sony had the scale and the skill to get their products manufactured here. This led to the development and flourishing of a whole manufacturing ecosystem. We have factories sharing production capacity, supplying parts to each other, and working together to produce components or complete products or both. And this ecosystem became very capable of taking on smaller projects, smaller scales and even multiple products being churned out on the same day. It is Disneyland for any Hardware professional or enthusiast. And it is not limited to those who want their prototype to be turned into a mass consumer good. You want the schematics for the latest smartphone in the market. You probably will find it there. You want to understand something specific about a product but a patent won't give you access to that information, you will find it here.
The first one's to understand that the Hardware playground is already tapped out were the Chinese brands themselves. A lot of major Chinese smartphone brands bought Android licenses and started creating their own forks. You have Cyanogen, Xiaomi creating their MIUI fork, Meizu with Flyme. All these Android forks have now become a major threat to Android, the open source platform they were built and derived from. A well known but not popular Korean example is Tizen from Samsung along with Amazon's Fire OS which did not do well either. Software became the differentiator among Chine these smartphone manufacturers. This led to another rather unexpected development in the market. Since software became more and more important and sourcing hardware easier and easier, we had software companies entering the smartphone market. Software is not easy to replicate and takes effort to create, test and deploy in the market. Also software can be updated regularly with new services and features being added to the same smartphone. Thus rather than software development depending on the hardware, hardware is being manufactured according to the software. The most successful example is Xiaomi which was a. e-commerce portal with good software skills.
Along with software being the key differentiator and offering from smartphone brands, it became a source of revenue. OTT services developed into the main revenue generator from an add-on service. And the Chinese have perfected the art so well, that many smartphone models are sold at a price which is lower than what it took to manufacture them. Every brand thus develops an ecosystem around them of content producers and sellers, e-commerce players, app ecosystem etc.
Indian players like Micromax and Intex started out with an existing infrastructure of distributors and re-sellers across India. Cheap hardware was not the winner here either but rather distribution network which helped them take a chunk of the smartphone market in India. The same was replicated though partners in other countries and it was successful. We have Micromax recently taking the 3rd position in the Russia market. Intex already has a huge reach with presence in South Asia, Middle East and Europe. But Indian smartphone players have started taking a beating in their home market from Chinese brands selling at less than cost. Thus further proving the point that hardware is not platform of differentiation for smartphones anymore The situation has now has crossed the debate or margins but how big of a loss can the seller take on their product.
Hardware is easy to get, cheap and accessible for the newest entrant in the market. However software on the other hand takes years of development, a qualified and experienced team of engineers and a legal team to fend off copycats. The times of hardware differentiation seem to be coming to an end.
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am still here. Even though my son Alex is in public school, I am still here. I am still looking at life through the lens of classical education.
I have been happy with the assignments. Sometimes ecstatic. When Alex was required to make a nature notebook I was giddy. When he had to read Fahrenheit 451 right out of the starting gate, I was happy. I was so excited about school I couldn't wait to do homework every afternoon until Alex said, "It's my homework. You need to let me do it." I was happy about that too and when he got a 97 on his first essay, an essay I didn't help him with at all (if you don't count the last eight years and The Lost Tools of Writing.) I was tickled pink.
Then it happened. One day he brought home a bad grade. I did not freak out. Yes, my voice was strained and high-pitched but I did not throw anything. What I did was spend two days pondering life. Did I put Alex in honors classes out of pride? Were they too hard for him? Oh my goodness, what if he got a C on his transcript and couldn't go to college and spent the rest of his life being ordinary because of that C. I needed to quickly get him out of these wonderful classes where he was learning wonderful things and into easy classes where you didn't have to learn anything at all but could go to college and become a professor or something because you got an A on the transcript. The Transcript. THE TRANSCRIPT.
Don't I wish I that last paragraph was pure farce? In a very short time, I had deteriorated from."Wow my child is learning" to "Who cares as long as he gets an A." I had been a mother for thirty-one years before I ever dropped anyone off at school and within weeks I had begun to forget how to raise children with honor and character and virtue: the lessons of a true classical education.
Alex may not be able to take Latin at his school but he can learn the lessons of virtue. He can learn to work hard on hard subjects. He can learn that there are worse things than a C, such as an A.
I may have been a mother for thirty-one years but I can learn a few things about virtue too, about letting even my very last baby fall and pick himself up. Because that is what Alex did and now he is just a wee bit stronger than he was before. Now he can face the next obstacles in life with just a little more strength. Alex is in honors classes not to get good grades but to get virtue and if I let the transcript get in the way of that then I am a very silly woman indeed.


text:
Subduction and retreating of the western Pacific plate resulted in lithospheric mantle replacement and coupled basin-mountain respond in the North China Craton
Jianping Zheng*, Hongkun Dai
The North China Craton (NCC) witnessed Mesozoic vigorous tectono-thermal activities and transition in the nature of deep lithosphere. These processes took place in three periods: (1) Late Paleozoic to Early Jurassic (170 Ma); (2) Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous (160-140 Ma); (3) Early Cretaceous to Cenozoic (140 Ma to present). The last two stages saw the lithospheric mantle replacement and coupled basin-mountain response within the North China Craton due to subduction and retreating of the Paleo-Pacific plate, and is the emphasis in this paper. In the first period, the subduction and closure of the Paleo- Asian Ocean triggered the back-arc extension, syn-collisional compression and then post-collisional extension accompanied by ubiquitous magmatism along the northern margin of the NCC. Similar processes happened in the southern margin of the craton as the subduction of the Paleo-Tethys ocean and collision with the South China Block. These processes had caused the chemical modification and mechanical destruction of the cratonic margins. The margins could serve as conduits for the asthenosphere upwelling and had the priority for magmatism and deformation. The second period saw the closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk ocean and the shear deformation and magmatism induced by the drifting of the Paleo-Pacific slab. The former led to two pulse of N-S trending compression (Episodes A and B of the Yanshan Movement) and thus the pre-existing continental marginal basins were disintegrated into sporadically basin and range province by the Mesozoic magmatic plutons and NE-SW trending faults. With the anticlockwise rotation of the Paleo-Pacific moving direction, the subduction-related magmatism migrated into the inner part of the craton and the Tanlu fault became normal fault from a sinistral one. The NCC thus turned into a back-arc extension setting at the end of this period. In the third period, the refractory subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) was firstly remarkably eroded and thinned by the subduction-induced asthenospheric upwelling, especially those beneath the weak zones (i.e., cratonic margins and the lithospheric Tanlu fault zone). Then a slightly lithospheric thickening occurred when the upwelled asthenosphere got cool and transformed to be lithospheric mantle accreted (125 Ma) beneath the thinned SCLM. Besides, the magmatism continuously moved southeastward and the extensional deformations preferentially developed in weak zones, which include the Early Cenozoic normal fault transformed from the Jurassic thrust in the Trans-North Orogenic Belt, the crustal detachment and the subsidence of Bohai basin caused by the continuous normal strike slip of the Tanlu fault, the Cenozoic graben basins originated from the fault depression in the Trans-North Orogenic Belt, the Bohai Basin and the Sulu Orogenic belt. With small block size, inner lithospheric weak zones and the surrounding subductions/collisions, the Mesozoic NCC was characterized by (1) lithospheric thinning and crustal detachment triggered by the subduction-induced asthenospheric upwelling. Local crustal contraction and orogenesis appeared in the Trans-North Orogenic Belt coupled with the crustal detachment; (2) then upwelled asthenosphere got cool to be newly-accreted lithospheric mantle and crustal grabens and basin subsidence happened, as a result of the subduction zone retreating. Therefore, the subduction and retreating of the western Pacific plate is the outside dynamics which resulted in mantle replacement and coupled basin-mountain respond within the North China Craton. We consider that the Mesozoic decratonization of the North China Craton, or the Yanshan Movement, is a comprehensive consequence of complex geological processes proceeding surrounding and within craton, involving both the deep lithospheric mantle and shallow continental crust.
Paleo-Pacific slab
Subduction and retreating
Mantle replacement
Mountain-basin coupling
North China Craton
Deep processes and shallow response
Yanshan Movement
Dive into the research topics of 'Subduction and retreating of the western Pacific plate resulted in lithospheric mantle replacement and coupled basin-mountain respond in the North China Craton'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Pacific plate Earth & Environmental Sciences 100%
craton Earth & Environmental Sciences 80%
subduction Earth & Environmental Sciences 73%
replacement Earth & Environmental Sciences 70%
mantle Earth & Environmental Sciences 63%
mountain Earth & Environmental Sciences 57%
basin Earth & Environmental Sciences 43%
magmatism Earth & Environmental Sciences 40%
Zheng, J., & Dai, H. (2018). Subduction and retreating of the western Pacific plate resulted in lithospheric mantle replacement and coupled basin-mountain respond in the North China Craton. Science China Earth Sciences, 61(4), 406-424. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-017-9166-8
Zheng, Jianping ; Dai, Hongkun. / Subduction and retreating of the western Pacific plate resulted in lithospheric mantle replacement and coupled basin-mountain respond in the North China Craton. In: Science China Earth Sciences. 2018 ; Vol. 61, No. 4. pp. 406-424.
@article{01646d722529468cbcaa671a14e52da5,
title = "Subduction and retreating of the western Pacific plate resulted in lithospheric mantle replacement and coupled basin-mountain respond in the North China Craton",
abstract = "The North China Craton (NCC) witnessed Mesozoic vigorous tectono-thermal activities and transition in the nature of deep lithosphere. These processes took place in three periods: (1) Late Paleozoic to Early Jurassic (170 Ma); (2) Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous (160-140 Ma); (3) Early Cretaceous to Cenozoic (140 Ma to present). The last two stages saw the lithospheric mantle replacement and coupled basin-mountain response within the North China Craton due to subduction and retreating of the Paleo-Pacific plate, and is the emphasis in this paper. In the first period, the subduction and closure of the Paleo- Asian Ocean triggered the back-arc extension, syn-collisional compression and then post-collisional extension accompanied by ubiquitous magmatism along the northern margin of the NCC. Similar processes happened in the southern margin of the craton as the subduction of the Paleo-Tethys ocean and collision with the South China Block. These processes had caused the chemical modification and mechanical destruction of the cratonic margins. The margins could serve as conduits for the asthenosphere upwelling and had the priority for magmatism and deformation. The second period saw the closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk ocean and the shear deformation and magmatism induced by the drifting of the Paleo-Pacific slab. The former led to two pulse of N-S trending compression (Episodes A and B of the Yanshan Movement) and thus the pre-existing continental marginal basins were disintegrated into sporadically basin and range province by the Mesozoic magmatic plutons and NE-SW trending faults. With the anticlockwise rotation of the Paleo-Pacific moving direction, the subduction-related magmatism migrated into the inner part of the craton and the Tanlu fault became normal fault from a sinistral one. The NCC thus turned into a back-arc extension setting at the end of this period. In the third period, the refractory subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) was firstly remarkably eroded and thinned by the subduction-induced asthenospheric upwelling, especially those beneath the weak zones (i.e., cratonic margins and the lithospheric Tanlu fault zone). Then a slightly lithospheric thickening occurred when the upwelled asthenosphere got cool and transformed to be lithospheric mantle accreted (125 Ma) beneath the thinned SCLM. Besides, the magmatism continuously moved southeastward and the extensional deformations preferentially developed in weak zones, which include the Early Cenozoic normal fault transformed from the Jurassic thrust in the Trans-North Orogenic Belt, the crustal detachment and the subsidence of Bohai basin caused by the continuous normal strike slip of the Tanlu fault, the Cenozoic graben basins originated from the fault depression in the Trans-North Orogenic Belt, the Bohai Basin and the Sulu Orogenic belt. With small block size, inner lithospheric weak zones and the surrounding subductions/collisions, the Mesozoic NCC was characterized by (1) lithospheric thinning and crustal detachment triggered by the subduction-induced asthenospheric upwelling. Local crustal contraction and orogenesis appeared in the Trans-North Orogenic Belt coupled with the crustal detachment; (2) then upwelled asthenosphere got cool to be newly-accreted lithospheric mantle and crustal grabens and basin subsidence happened, as a result of the subduction zone retreating. Therefore, the subduction and retreating of the western Pacific plate is the outside dynamics which resulted in mantle replacement and coupled basin-mountain respond within the North China Craton. We consider that the Mesozoic decratonization of the North China Craton, or the Yanshan Movement, is a comprehensive consequence of complex geological processes proceeding surrounding and within craton, involving both the deep lithospheric mantle and shallow continental crust.",
keywords = "Paleo-Pacific slab, Subduction and retreating, Mantle replacement, Mountain-basin coupling, North China Craton, Deep processes and shallow response, Yanshan Movement",
author = "Jianping Zheng and Hongkun Dai",
journal = "Science China Earth Sciences",
publisher = "Science Press",
Zheng, J & Dai, H 2018, 'Subduction and retreating of the western Pacific plate resulted in lithospheric mantle replacement and coupled basin-mountain respond in the North China Craton', Science China Earth Sciences, vol. 61, no. 4, pp. 406-424. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-017-9166-8
Subduction and retreating of the western Pacific plate resulted in lithospheric mantle replacement and coupled basin-mountain respond in the North China Craton. / Zheng, Jianping; Dai, Hongkun.
In: Science China Earth Sciences, Vol. 61, No. 4, 04.2018, p. 406-424.
T1 - Subduction and retreating of the western Pacific plate resulted in lithospheric mantle replacement and coupled basin-mountain respond in the North China Craton
AU - Zheng, Jianping
AU - Dai, Hongkun
N2 - The North China Craton (NCC) witnessed Mesozoic vigorous tectono-thermal activities and transition in the nature of deep lithosphere. These processes took place in three periods: (1) Late Paleozoic to Early Jurassic (170 Ma); (2) Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous (160-140 Ma); (3) Early Cretaceous to Cenozoic (140 Ma to present). The last two stages saw the lithospheric mantle replacement and coupled basin-mountain response within the North China Craton due to subduction and retreating of the Paleo-Pacific plate, and is the emphasis in this paper. In the first period, the subduction and closure of the Paleo- Asian Ocean triggered the back-arc extension, syn-collisional compression and then post-collisional extension accompanied by ubiquitous magmatism along the northern margin of the NCC. Similar processes happened in the southern margin of the craton as the subduction of the Paleo-Tethys ocean and collision with the South China Block. These processes had caused the chemical modification and mechanical destruction of the cratonic margins. The margins could serve as conduits for the asthenosphere upwelling and had the priority for magmatism and deformation. The second period saw the closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk ocean and the shear deformation and magmatism induced by the drifting of the Paleo-Pacific slab. The former led to two pulse of N-S trending compression (Episodes A and B of the Yanshan Movement) and thus the pre-existing continental marginal basins were disintegrated into sporadically basin and range province by the Mesozoic magmatic plutons and NE-SW trending faults. With the anticlockwise rotation of the Paleo-Pacific moving direction, the subduction-related magmatism migrated into the inner part of the craton and the Tanlu fault became normal fault from a sinistral one. The NCC thus turned into a back-arc extension setting at the end of this period. In the third period, the refractory subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) was firstly remarkably eroded and thinned by the subduction-induced asthenospheric upwelling, especially those beneath the weak zones (i.e., cratonic margins and the lithospheric Tanlu fault zone). Then a slightly lithospheric thickening occurred when the upwelled asthenosphere got cool and transformed to be lithospheric mantle accreted (125 Ma) beneath the thinned SCLM. Besides, the magmatism continuously moved southeastward and the extensional deformations preferentially developed in weak zones, which include the Early Cenozoic normal fault transformed from the Jurassic thrust in the Trans-North Orogenic Belt, the crustal detachment and the subsidence of Bohai basin caused by the continuous normal strike slip of the Tanlu fault, the Cenozoic graben basins originated from the fault depression in the Trans-North Orogenic Belt, the Bohai Basin and the Sulu Orogenic belt. With small block size, inner lithospheric weak zones and the surrounding subductions/collisions, the Mesozoic NCC was characterized by (1) lithospheric thinning and crustal detachment triggered by the subduction-induced asthenospheric upwelling. Local crustal contraction and orogenesis appeared in the Trans-North Orogenic Belt coupled with the crustal detachment; (2) then upwelled asthenosphere got cool to be newly-accreted lithospheric mantle and crustal grabens and basin subsidence happened, as a result of the subduction zone retreating. Therefore, the subduction and retreating of the western Pacific plate is the outside dynamics which resulted in mantle replacement and coupled basin-mountain respond within the North China Craton. We consider that the Mesozoic decratonization of the North China Craton, or the Yanshan Movement, is a comprehensive consequence of complex geological processes proceeding surrounding and within craton, involving both the deep lithospheric mantle and shallow continental crust.
AB - The North China Craton (NCC) witnessed Mesozoic vigorous tectono-thermal activities and transition in the nature of deep lithosphere. These processes took place in three periods: (1) Late Paleozoic to Early Jurassic (170 Ma); (2) Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous (160-140 Ma); (3) Early Cretaceous to Cenozoic (140 Ma to present). The last two stages saw the lithospheric mantle replacement and coupled basin-mountain response within the North China Craton due to subduction and retreating of the Paleo-Pacific plate, and is the emphasis in this paper. In the first period, the subduction and closure of the Paleo- Asian Ocean triggered the back-arc extension, syn-collisional compression and then post-collisional extension accompanied by ubiquitous magmatism along the northern margin of the NCC. Similar processes happened in the southern margin of the craton as the subduction of the Paleo-Tethys ocean and collision with the South China Block. These processes had caused the chemical modification and mechanical destruction of the cratonic margins. The margins could serve as conduits for the asthenosphere upwelling and had the priority for magmatism and deformation. The second period saw the closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk ocean and the shear deformation and magmatism induced by the drifting of the Paleo-Pacific slab. The former led to two pulse of N-S trending compression (Episodes A and B of the Yanshan Movement) and thus the pre-existing continental marginal basins were disintegrated into sporadically basin and range province by the Mesozoic magmatic plutons and NE-SW trending faults. With the anticlockwise rotation of the Paleo-Pacific moving direction, the subduction-related magmatism migrated into the inner part of the craton and the Tanlu fault became normal fault from a sinistral one. The NCC thus turned into a back-arc extension setting at the end of this period. In the third period, the refractory subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) was firstly remarkably eroded and thinned by the subduction-induced asthenospheric upwelling, especially those beneath the weak zones (i.e., cratonic margins and the lithospheric Tanlu fault zone). Then a slightly lithospheric thickening occurred when the upwelled asthenosphere got cool and transformed to be lithospheric mantle accreted (125 Ma) beneath the thinned SCLM. Besides, the magmatism continuously moved southeastward and the extensional deformations preferentially developed in weak zones, which include the Early Cenozoic normal fault transformed from the Jurassic thrust in the Trans-North Orogenic Belt, the crustal detachment and the subsidence of Bohai basin caused by the continuous normal strike slip of the Tanlu fault, the Cenozoic graben basins originated from the fault depression in the Trans-North Orogenic Belt, the Bohai Basin and the Sulu Orogenic belt. With small block size, inner lithospheric weak zones and the surrounding subductions/collisions, the Mesozoic NCC was characterized by (1) lithospheric thinning and crustal detachment triggered by the subduction-induced asthenospheric upwelling. Local crustal contraction and orogenesis appeared in the Trans-North Orogenic Belt coupled with the crustal detachment; (2) then upwelled asthenosphere got cool to be newly-accreted lithospheric mantle and crustal grabens and basin subsidence happened, as a result of the subduction zone retreating. Therefore, the subduction and retreating of the western Pacific plate is the outside dynamics which resulted in mantle replacement and coupled basin-mountain respond within the North China Craton. We consider that the Mesozoic decratonization of the North China Craton, or the Yanshan Movement, is a comprehensive consequence of complex geological processes proceeding surrounding and within craton, involving both the deep lithospheric mantle and shallow continental crust.
KW - Paleo-Pacific slab
KW - Subduction and retreating
KW - Mantle replacement
KW - Mountain-basin coupling
KW - North China Craton
KW - Deep processes and shallow response
KW - Yanshan Movement
JO - Science China Earth Sciences
JF - Science China Earth Sciences
Zheng J, Dai H. Subduction and retreating of the western Pacific plate resulted in lithospheric mantle replacement and coupled basin-mountain respond in the North China Craton. Science China Earth Sciences. 2018 Apr;61(4):406-424. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-017-9166-8


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