The appraisal committee (section 5) considered evidence submitted by Bayer and a review of this submission by the evidence review group (ERG). See the committee papers for full details of the evidence.
3.1 The patient and clinical experts explained that gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) are a rare disease that often takes years to diagnose because people have non-specific symptoms. The clinical expert advised that first-line treatment for metastatic GIST is imatinib, which is generally well tolerated. Once disease has progressed, patients are switched to sunitinib, which on average gives 6 to 12 months benefit before the disease progresses again but has more side effects than imatinib and requires careful monitoring. The patient and clinical experts explained that there are no alternative third-line treatment options after disease progression or if patients are intolerant to imatinib and sunitinib other than best supportive care. Regorafenib is currently available on the Cancer Drugs Fund for metastatic GIST after disease progression or intolerance to imatinib and disease progression after sunitinib, only if the patient has an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 to 1. The clinical expert explained that the only alternative to best supportive care and regorafenib (through the Cancer Drugs Fund) was to participate in a clinical trial but noted that these were rare. The committee concluded that best supportive care is the most appropriate comparator for this appraisal.
3.2 The patient experts advised that regorafenib is well tolerated, with side effects (such as sore feet and hands, constipation and diarrhoea) that can be managed. The clinical experts described how dose adjustments and scheduling were important in treating GIST and that these are managed on an individual basis to achieve a balance between the minimal effective dose and side effects that can be tolerated. The patient experts explained that regorafenib allows people to remain actively engaged in work and family life, while reducing anxiety and increasing quality of life. Regorafenib also provides an important further treatment option to people who cannot tolerate sunitinib. One patient expert described how extending life was a priority to enable patients to spend more time with their families and it was important to be able to lead a near-normal life while having treatment. The committee recognised the importance of a potentially life-extending treatment with manageable side effects. The committee concluded that a treatment option for people with metastatic or unresectable GIST after imatinib and sunitinib would be greatly valued, particularly if it extended life and had manageable side effects.
3.3 The evidence for regorafenib submitted by the company came from GRID, a multicentre double-blind randomised controlled trial with 199 patients who had previously had treatment with imatinib and sunitinib. It compared regorafenib plus best supportive care (133 patients) with placebo plus best supportive care (66 patients). Best supportive care included various treatments such as analgesics, radiation therapy for pain control and palliative surgery. After disease progression, patients receiving placebo were given the option to cross over to regorafenib, and patients already receiving regorafenib were offered open-label regorafenib if it was considered clinically beneficial. In the trial, treatment could be delayed or reduced according to a pre-specified schedule. The clinical experts confirmed that dose reductions were common in clinical practice, because of the side effects associated with regorafenib, and managed on an individual basis. The clinical experts explained that treatment would only be stopped in clinical practice if there was clear disease progression and worsening clinical symptoms. Clinical guidelines recommend continued treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors as long as there is continued benefit. The clinical experts also advised that there was uncertainty around whether patients in the GRID trial could have other off-label treatments after disease progression that are not standard practice in the NHS. The committee concluded that using regorafenib after disease progression was in line with the marketing authorisation and current clinical practice.
3.4 Patients in the GRID trial had an ECOG performance status of 0 to 1 and the summary of product characteristics for regorafenib states that there are limited data in patients with a performance status of 2 or above. Regorafenib is currently provided by the Cancer Drugs Fund to people who have a performance status of 0 to 1, in line with trial evidence. The clinical experts explained that very few people for whom regorafenib would be considered present with a performance status of 2 in clinical practice; this is because treatment is actively managed in specialist centres to prevent performance status from deteriorating, particularly given the tolerability issues associated with sunitinib. The committee concluded that in line with the clinical evidence and the use of regorafenib in clinical practice, it would take performance status into account when making its final recommendations.
3.5 In the GRID trial there was a high level of crossover (88%) from the placebo arm to open-label regorafenib after disease progression. The company and the ERG agreed that a statistical correction for crossover was needed to produce unbiased estimates of overall survival in the placebo arm. The company carried out 2 crossover corrections using the iterative parameter estimation (IPE) and rank preserving structural failure time (RPSFT) methods. Both methods aimed to reconstruct individual patient data for overall survival in the placebo arm as if there had been no crossover. The ERG advised that both the IPE and RPSFT methods were appropriate for correcting crossover. The committee concluded that given the high level of crossover from placebo to regorafenib, an intention-to-treat analysis was not appropriate and a statistical correction for overall survival was needed.
3.6 Data from 2015 from the GRID trial showed that regorafenib improved progression-free survival (hazard ratio [HR] 0.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.19 to 0.39). Data from 2017 showed that after crossover correction, median overall survival in the placebo arm was around 8 months compared with 17.4 months for regorafenib. The 2017 data showed a larger overall survival benefit after correcting for crossover (unadjusted HR 0.90; 95% CI 0.68 to 1.19, RPSFT HR 0.48; 95% CI 0.07 to 3.33, IPE HR 0.45; 95% CI 0.06 to 3.69). The committee understood that although not statistically significant, the point estimates did show improved overall survival with regorafenib. The committee concluded that there was evidence that regorafenib is clinically effective in improving progression-free survival compared with best supportive care but that there was uncertainty about the magnitude of overall survival benefit.
3.7 The company submitted a partitioned survival model with 3 health states (progression free, progressed and death) that used survival data from the GRID trial. The company's base case modelled treatment duration by using the treatment discontinuation curve from GRID. Therefore the company's base case included the additional cost of regorafenib in the treatment arm after disease progression in line with the GRID trial (open-label regorafenib was offered to patients randomised to regorafenib after progression if it was considered clinically beneficial). Use of regorafenib after disease progression is in line with clinical practice (see section 3.3). The company's base case also incorporated dose intensity by including the mean observed dose of regorafenib from GRID (including doses of 0 mg). The ERG agreed that the company's approach to modelling treatment duration and dose intensity was appropriate. The committee concluded that the company's model, using trial data to model treatment duration and dose intensity and including the additional cost of regorafenib after disease progression, was appropriate for decision-making.
reasons for a large decrease in overall survival in the placebo arm after adjusting for treatment switching when using the 2017 data compared with the 2015 data.
Using different data cut-offs for estimating overall survival had a large impact on the cost-effectiveness results. Regorafenib appeared to be more cost effective when using the 2017 data for overall survival than when the 2015 data were used. The company responded to the ERG's concerns with additional explanations, and the ERG accepted the company's rationale and justifications of the methods used. The ERG confirmed that there was no conclusive evidence that the company had performed the treatment switching adjustment incorrectly, and accepted it was appropriate to use the most recent (2017) data. The committee concluded that while there was some remaining uncertainty, the analysis using 2017 data for estimating overall survival was acceptable.
3.9 The company's base case included an estimated treatment effect for overall survival with an IPE crossover correction. The ERG advised that the IPE method is an extension to the RPSFT method using parametric methods and the assumption of a common treatment effect (that is, people receive the same treatment benefit regardless of when they receive treatment). This assumption may not hold if people in the trial were able to receive a variety of off-label treatments after disease progression (see section 3.3). The ERG noted that both the IPE and RPSFT methods were appropriate and gave similar estimates of overall survival for the placebo arm (median overall survival IPE 8.0 months and RPSFT 8.4 months). In its revised explorations, the ERG considered both IPE- and RPSFT-corrected overall survival estimates as acceptable. The committee recognised that using the RPSFT rather than the IPE method did not have a large impact on the cost-effectiveness estimate of regorafenib. The committee concluded that cost-effectiveness results using either IPE or RPSFT adjustments should be considered in its decision-making.
3.10 The company's base case included an IPE adjustment with recensoring (in line with guidance from the Decision Support Unit). Recensoring is used to reduce the risk of bias associated with a treatment-switching adjustment, and recensoring data at an earlier time point aims to avoid informative censoring (because treatment switching is not random). The ERG advised that recensoring may lead to biased estimates of the average treatment effect when the proportional treatment effect assumptions do not hold, and there is some academic debate on whether to use recensoring because the estimated treatment effect is generally larger when it is used. The company provided further analyses that explored the impact of recensoring. The ERG advised that it was appropriate to consider analyses with and without recensoring. The committee noted that recensoring had a large impact on the cost-effectiveness estimate and that regorafenib appeared to be more cost effective if recensoring was used. The committee concluded that the arguments for and against recensoring were evenly balanced and that results both with and without recensoring should be considered when assessing the cost effectiveness of regorafenib.
3.11 The company's base case included a log-logistic extrapolation of overall survival because it provided the best fit to the trial data from GRID. The company highlighted that log-logistic, Weibull and Gompertz models were considered clinically plausible by the clinical experts. The ERG advised that clinical plausibility of extrapolations was critical and the evidence for longer-tailed and shorter-tailed distributions appeared to be evenly balanced. The clinical experts explained that very few people with unresectable or metastatic GIST whose disease has progressed on, or who are intolerant to, treatment with imatinib and sunitinib will survive for 10 years. The choice of extrapolation method for estimating overall survival had a large impact on the cost-effectiveness results for regorafenib. A log-logistic extrapolation resulted in a larger proportion of people surviving after 10 years compared with the Weibull extrapolation and the clinical experts and committee considered this to be optimistic. The committee agreed that a Weibull extrapolation would be more appropriate because it had a shorter tail length and more plausibly reflected the survival of people at this stage of the disease. It noted that in the company's base case, regorafenib became less cost effective when the Weibull and Gompertz models were used. The committee concluded that an overall survival extrapolation that used a shorter-tailed Weibull model was most appropriate because it best reflected the survival outcomes of the population.
3.12 The ERG explained that causes of mortality in the GRID trial would largely be related to GIST but it was likely that additional general mortality would have occurred after the trial ended. The ERG's base case incorporated this additional background mortality but the company's did not. The committee understood that the impact of background mortality was likely to be lower when a shorter-tailed Weibull extrapolation was used. The committee concluded that including an adjustment for general mortality was appropriate.
3.13 Utility estimates for health-related quality of life were taken from the GRID trial, which reported the EQ-5D and European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30). Both the company and ERG base cases used EQ-5D data from paired samples that were not split by treatment arm. The company stated that a repeated measures analysis would have been biased because more measurements were taken when patients did not have disease progression and there were no clinically meaningful differences in EQ-5D between the treatment arms. The ERG's base case also applied age-related utility decrements because utility often declines with age; this was not included in the company's base case. The committee understood that the addition of age-related utility decrements did not have a large impact on the cost-effectiveness results. The committee concluded that including age-related utility decrements was appropriate.
3.14 The committee considered the advice about life-extending treatments for people with a short life expectancy in NICE's Cancer Drugs Fund technology appraisal process and methods. In the GRID trial the adjusted median overall survival in the placebo plus best supportive care arm was less than 12 months (RPSFT-corrected median overall survival 8.4 months and IPE-corrected median overall survival 8.0 months). The company's economic model predicted mean undiscounted life years of 0.97 for the IPE-adjusted placebo arm and 1.01 for the RPSFT-adjusted placebo arm when recensoring was applied. The committee concluded that regorafenib was indicated for people with a short life expectancy. The median overall survival improvement in the GRID trial was at least 9 months for patients treated with regorafenib compared with those having best supportive care, depending on which crossover correction method was used. The crossover-corrected mean overall survival benefit for regorafenib was around 1.2 years longer compared with best supportive care in the ERG's revised base case, but less than 1.2 years when recensoring was used (estimates taken from the company's economic model). The committee concluded that regorafenib offered an extension to life of at least 3 months compared with best supportive care.
age-related utility decrements (see section 3.13).
The committee discussed that, using its preferred analyses, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was likely to lie between £40,000 and £48,000 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained. It concluded that the most plausible ICER was the midpoint of that range: around £44,000 per QALY gained. The committee concluded that, given that regorafenib met the criteria for being a life-extending, end-of-life treatment, it could be recommended as a cost-effective use of NHS resources.
3.16 The committee considered whether its recommendations were associated with any potential issues related to equality. The committee concluded that healthcare professionals should take into account any physical, sensory or learning disabilities, or communication difficulties that could affect ECOG performance status and make any adjustments they consider appropriate.
3.17 The Pharmaceutical Price Regulation Scheme (2014) payment mechanism was not relevant in considering the cost effectiveness of technology.


Below you will find the 1-5 year old swim levels as well as the 6-18 year old swim levels and a brief explanation of the critical skills the children will work on.
We reserve the right to combine classes based on the number of students. Our goal is to maintain a 1:5, instructor to student ratio.
An introduction to the 3-5 year old swim lessons. Water games, songs, and fun are emphasized in this water adaptation class. All children ages 1-3 years old are welcome!
**This class requires a parent/guardian to be in the water with the child.
Entering the pool safely, front and back float for 5 seconds with support, blowing bubbles, jumping into the water with support, showing comfort and improving self confidence in the water, front and back glide with support for 10 yards.
Front and back float for 10 seconds, jump into deep water with support, demonstrate and improve self confidence when in water, front glide with face in water without support, back glide without support.
Blow bubbles with face in the water, 5 bobs submerging entire head, front and back float 5 seconds with support, jump into water with assistance, demonstrate and improve self confidence, swim on front and back 10 yards with support.
5 bobs with rhythmic breathing, front and back float 5 seconds without support, jump into water and return to side without assistance, demonstrate and improve self confidence, swim on front and back 5 yards without support, perform elementary backstroke arms with flutter kick 5 yards without support, flutter kick on front and back with kick board 25 yards.
Front and back float 10 seconds and return to a vertical position, jump into deep water and return to side, tread water 15 seconds without support, perform front and back glide without support, perform freestyle and backstroke 15 yards, perform elementary backstroke arms with intro to whip kick 15 yards, flutter kick on front and back with kick board 25 yards.
Back float 10 seconds in deep water, jump into deep water and swim 10 yards, tread water 30 seconds, demonstrate and improve self confidence in deep water, swim freestyle, backstroke, elementary backstroke, and breaststroke 25 yards, perform whip kick on front and back with kick board 25 yards, perform a feet first surface dive, demonstrate open turns.
Treading water 1 minute, swim freestyle, backstroke and elementary backstroke, using open turns for 50 yards, swim breaststroke for 25 yards, kick whip kick and dolphin kick for 25 yards, perform a head first surface dive and a standing dive from deck.
Treading water for 3 minutes using a variety of kicks, swim freestyle and backstroke 50 yards with turns (open and flip turns), swim elementary backstroke using open turns 50 yards, swim breaststroke 50 yards using open turns, swim butterfly 25 yards.
Tread water without using arms 1 minute, swim freestyle and backstroke 200 yards using turns (open and flip), swim breaststroke and butterfly 50 yards and the individual medley 100 yards. This level is appropriate for swimmers who wish to improve their competitive swim strokes.
need Help finding the right level?


Gleason's parents, Mae and Herb Gleason, bounced between Bushwick tenements during the 1920s but Gleason often recalled the years spent in apartment 3-A of 328 Chauncey Street. The dingy flat would serve as the model for the apartment set used in The Honeymooners.
To mark the 60th anniversary of The Honeymooners' debut, we visited some of the Brooklyn sites where Gleason grew up, went to school and learned how to make us laugh. Click through the slideshow, and away we go!
Diehard fans of The Honeymooners know that Ralph and Alice Kramden lived at 328 Chauncey Street. "Gleason patterned the Kramden's apartment after the one he lived in with his mother as a boy," writes biographer Dina-Marie Kulzer. "The address is even the same, 328 Chauncey Street. 'The place was dull. The bulbs weren't very bright. The surroundings were very bare,' remembered Gleason about his childhood home."
Frieda Broodno Storm grew up in the building and described Gleason's flat in The Honeymooners Lost Episodes. "The one big difference between the Kramden apartment and Jackie's was that in Jackie's, the bathroom was in the hall, and the tub was in the kitchen adjacent to the sink."
Gleason was eight when he entered P.S. 73. "Jackie was late in going to school, but it didn't seem to matter, because he could already read, thanks to his mother, and he had an unusually retentive memory," notes Jackie Gleason: An Intimate Portrait of the Great One. "He soon became a nuisance to teachers, because he read ahead of the class and asked awkward questions and argued with the faculty."
Gleason earned some of his first laughs on graduation night when he appeared in a school play. "When he knocked a microphone stool off the stage and the principal replaced it, he yelled, 'That's the first time you ever did anything for us kids!' The audience roared, but it didn't help to make him any more popular with the teachers."
Gleason's father took his young son to the Halsey Theater on Saturday afternoons to watch silent comedies and vaudeville acts. "Once he stood up in the Halsey while a comedian was performing," notes How Sweet It Is. "Jackie turned his back to the stage and saw all the people laughing their heads off. His father made him sit down but not before the little kid told his father he could do what that guy up there on the stage was doing."
At 15, Gleason won an amateur contest at the Halsey and later became its emcee, earning no more than four dollars a night. The theater closed around 1945 and was demolished. Saratoga Square housing for seniors now occupies the site.
Gleason's father abandoned his family on December 15, 1925. "On Christmas Eve, Mom and I went to midnight mass at Our Lady of Lourdes Church," Gleason recalled in How Sweet It Is. "I prayed that Pop was still alive — and that he would come back to us. I was scared to death."
The church where Gleason received communion was destroyed in a fire in 1975. New York Yimby reports that the church's convent, the last remaining structure, is slated for residential development.
A few blocks from Gleason's apartment is P.S. 137, "which accommodated students up to the sixth year of primary school, and which had a schoolyard designed for Gleason and his friends," according to The Golden Ham. "They played stickball and basketball, and when it rained they forced the door to the school after hours and played downstairs in the gymnasium."
"The last thing Mae Gleason wanted to do was pull Jackie out of high school," notes The Golden Ham. "Jackie, somewhat fed up with school, offered no objection when a relative told the principal of Bushwick High that the sixteen-year-old boy was the sole support of his mother. He spent another few weeks at a trade high school, but in all, Jackie had only about a month of high school education."
Gleason was a member of the Nomads, a gang of teens who played baseball, shot craps and chased girls. "When the boys had money, they went to the Myrtle Burlesque Theater, which featured Izzy Pickle and the Cucumbers," notes The Golden Ham.
Cinema Treasures explains that the Myrtle, opened in 1910, was renamed the Rivoli Theater in 1933. The theater closed in 1963. Today the El Calvario Pentecostal Church occupies the building.
Like the Central, the Folly and the Halsey Theaters, the Majestic Theater in downtown Brooklyn provided Gleason with steady work in 1934 during the Great Depression. "He often worked two or three theatres at a time," the Jackie Gleason site notes, "skipping from Brooklyn to Jersey and back again in a single night."
Opened in 1904, the Majestic showed a variety of musicals, dramas and vaudeville, then became a movie house in 1942. Closed in the 1960s, the Majestic was brought back to life as a playhouse in 1987 by the Brooklyn Academy of Music. "The Majestic sat abandoned for nearly two decades," BAM explains on its site. "Retaining original architectural elements, the theater's design maintained an aged look that creates a visceral bridge between the past and the future. In 1999, the Majestic was renamed in honor of retiring leader Harvey Lichtenstein."
Before going solo, Gleason performed with his friend Charlie Cretter. "He put together an act he called 'The Sardonic Spectator' from old gag books and arranged a booking for him and Charlie at the Brooklyn Masonic Lodge," according to Jackie Gleason: An Intimate Portrait of the Great One. "Charlie came on stage to announce his partner hadn't shown up, and then Jackie, sitting in the crowd, yelled insults at him in Yiddish dialect. Then he rushed up to the stage, falling over three times in his haste like his favorite comedians in silent slapstick movies."
"By 1909, the Brooklyn Masonic Temple operated as a meeting place for important events, such as political meetings and lectures," writes researcher Amanda Gruen. "The design of the temple gave consideration to such events for several reasons, though mainly because such occasions would provide income for the temple." Today the Temple's rooms continue to be available for rent for meetings and functions.
The building that now houses the Brooklyn High School for Law and Technology "was once Brooklyn's largest and most magnificent vaudeville theatre with seating for 2,500 patrons," cites Brooklyn Relics. Opened in 1911, it later became a movie house and then a church.
Comedian Phil Foster recalled in How Sweet It Is that Gleason made some of his earliest appearances at the Bushwick. "Jackie must have been around sixteen or so. I know he had quit school, as that was the legal age. We all entered amateur contests at the Bushwick Theater. He bombed like the rest of us but he kept trying."


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Harold Wilson
Daland
In the 2022-23 Season, bass Harold Wilson returns to the Metropolitan Opera for their productions of Aida, Der Rosenkavalier, and Peter Grimes (Hobson). In the 2021-22 Season, Mr. Wilson returned to the Metropolitan Opera for multiple productions, including Boris Godunov, Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg, The Rake's Progress, and Elektra (Guardian). During the summer, he triumphed at Bard Summerscape in the central role of Strauss' Die Schweigsame Frau (Sir Morosus). Mr. Wilson has been a part of over a dozen productions at the Metropolitan Opera, including Romeo et Juliette, Boris Godunov, Don Carlos, Turandot, Macbeth, and Der Fliegende Holländer. As a member of the Deutsche Oper Berlin for five seasons, his notable performances included Pelléas et Mélisande (Arkel), Lucia di Lammermoor (Raimondo), Die Zauberflöte (Sarastro), and Carmen (Zuniga). His previous performances with Opera Colorado include The Barber of Seville (Basilio), La fanciulla del West (Ashby), and Aida (Ramfis).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Short Film Review
The Rise, Fall, and Rerise of Lithium Phoenix
INDYRED | AUG 2020
Lithium Phoenix Teaser - Victory from Chris Easterly on Vimeo.
Chris Easterly
Brian Cox, Chris Easterly, Jason Gray
by WILL CONRAD
"Lithium Phoenix" is perhaps the biggest, best band ever assembled. The sheer talent - especially when considering song lyrics - is far better than those from the biggest, best songwriters you've ever heard. Their story is one of familiar successes and even more familiar failures. The parties, the groupies, and even the theft of their content - by other world-famous musicians are the stories of myth and legend. The "Lithium Phoenix" name and legacy has gone down in history - and now, decades later, they are at it again. Trying to reclaim all that was stolen from them - and pay their overdue bills in the meantime. "The Rise, Fall, and Rerise of Lithium Phoenix" is everything you'd expect in a biography about fame, hardships, and the rebuilding of an epic band... as if!
You see reader, that's the thing. If you're wondering why you've never heard of this groundbreaking musical group I can give you one solid answer. They never existed. That's right, this is a mockumentary featuring all the 80s hair and groupie stories you need - delivered in a package under twenty minutes. And yes, it is pretty damn funny - especially if you happen to be a musician. Yet even the casual Joe, who enjoys a good tune now and then, will find some comedy worth watching with this flick. It's cliche piled on cliche, piled on ridiculousness, with a touch of reality to make it all stick. The reality obviously is plucked from other cliche stories and band experiences - but it all still makes for a fun ride. Writers Brian Cox, Chris Easterly, and Jason Gray sure know how to pen out a good time - and it sure doesn't hurt that this short flick looks as good as it sounds.
So what do you write about a documentary referencing a band of performers that never existed? The story is all made up yet strangely familiar - but you know that it's all a line of BS. In cases like these, I like to fall back on the technical elements of a production, and with this one in particular, I liked what was showcased.
"The Rise, Fall, and Rerise of Lithium Phoenix" looks and sounds just like any other documentary/biography I've watched lately. And yes reader, I mean that as a compliment. Crazy silly content aside, for anyone not in the know, they could easily mistake this for a true life bio - although their perceptions would slowly change as the content continued to be revealed. Eventually, it becomes unmistakable that this is a mockumentary and story of a band that never existed. Yet still, it's all so silly that it's actually funny... and fun. There's not really a whole lot else to say on the technical elements. This film looks and sounds good, the pacing works, and it was entertaining. Need I write more?
When it's all said and done, this film works because it really, truly doesn't take itself all that seriously. And yet there's enough care given to the project, that it looks and sounds great - as it nudges out a few chuckles from its viewers. For those that simply don't understand the fun of a fake documentary, this is not a film for you. For the rest of us however, this was a quick, fun venture into the world of 80s hair bands, and the modern-day revival of such talents. Four stars.
American Chilly Review.
AEA review.
Woke Review.


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Southerton's Hobby Horses
A stable for my thoughts
How Kennewick Man has Impaled Rodney Meldrum's Heartlanders
Introduction In July 1996, the skeleton of an ancient Native American washed out of the banks of the Columbia River in Kennewick Washington. Radiocarbon dating of a well preserved finger bone revealed the remains, now known as Kennewick Man or the Ancient One, were well over 8,000 years old. When Kennewick Man's genome was published in 2015, it was revealed he carried a version of the mitochondrial X2a lineage from which all modern Native American X2a lineages descend. Kennewick Man's age, possession of X2a and the discovery of a very ancient stone age spearpoint in his pelvis, completely exposed the false claims of Mormon pseudoscientists who claim X2a DNA found in some Native Americans is Semitic. Rodney Meldrum is the founder of the Heartlanders, a collection of young earth creationists who argue the events of the Book of Mormon took place in the heartland of North America. For over 16 years Meldrum has been claiming that mtDNA X2a, found in some indigenous tribes of North America,
𝗟𝘂𝗰𝗸𝗹𝗲𝘀𝘀 𝗡𝗲𝗽𝗵𝗶𝘁𝗲 𝗗𝗡𝗔 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗠𝗮𝘆𝗮
For decades, Mormon scholars at Brigham Young University have believed the Semitic Nephite civilisation and the Maya civilisation were one and the same. According to these apologists, archaeological ruins throughout Mesoamerica bear witness to this claim. Preeminent LDS apologist, John Sorenson, has found hundreds of weak parallels between the Maya and the Nephites, and prominent Mormon apologists Daniel Peterson, Terryl Givens and Richard Bushman have praised Sorenson's Maya research from the rooftops. Meanwhile, Michael Coe, a leading scientific expert on the Maya, has said these claims are wishful thinking. 𝙏𝙝𝙚 𝙗𝙖𝙧𝙚 𝙛𝙖𝙘𝙩𝙨 𝙤𝙛 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙢𝙖𝙩𝙩𝙚𝙧 𝙖𝙧𝙚 𝙩𝙝𝙖𝙩 𝙣𝙤𝙩𝙝𝙞𝙣𝙜, 𝙖𝙗𝙨𝙤𝙡𝙪𝙩𝙚𝙡𝙮 𝙣𝙤𝙩𝙝𝙞𝙣𝙜, 𝙝𝙖𝙨 𝙚𝙫𝙚𝙣 𝙨𝙝𝙤𝙬𝙣 𝙪𝙥 𝙞𝙣 𝙖𝙣𝙮 𝙉𝙚𝙬 𝙒𝙤𝙧𝙡𝙙 𝙚𝙭𝙘𝙖𝙫𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣 𝙬𝙝𝙞𝙘𝙝 𝙬𝙤𝙪𝙡𝙙 𝙨𝙪𝙜𝙜𝙚𝙨𝙩 𝙩𝙤 𝙖 𝙙𝙞𝙨𝙥𝙖𝙨𝙨𝙞𝙤𝙣𝙖𝙩𝙚 𝙤𝙗𝙨𝙚𝙧𝙫𝙚𝙧 𝙩𝙝𝙖𝙩 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝘽𝙤𝙤𝙠 𝙤𝙛 𝙈𝙤𝙧𝙢𝙤𝙣, 𝙖𝙨 𝙘𝙡𝙖𝙞𝙢𝙚𝙙 𝙗𝙮 𝙅𝙤𝙨𝙚𝙥𝙝 𝙎
𝗠𝘆 "𝗟𝗗𝗦 𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗿𝗰𝗵 𝗴𝗿𝗼𝘄𝘁𝗵" 𝗵𝗼𝗯𝗯𝘆 𝗵𝗼𝗿𝘀𝗲
"If you get on a hobby horse it will ride you right out of the Church." President Heber J. Grant I rode a DNA hobby horse out of the Mormon Church in 1998, after I discovered Native Americans and Polynesians have no ancient Jewish ancestry. Zilch. I soon realised the Book of Mormon was fiction, so I saddled up. Another hobby horse I have enjoyed riding since my epiphany, is studying church membership data. I enjoy tracking the decline of the LDS Church. The church does enormous damage to many mixed faith families (over 85% of the church) so the smaller the church, the fewer families are damaged, and I feel good about that. This post is for those of you who would like a ride on my new hobby horse. First up, it's important to remember, just as it has hidden unsavoury parts of its history, the Mormon Church hides unfavourable membership data. The leaders have known since around 1998 that the church was struggling, and right now they know the church is effectively shrinking globall
Native American DNA reveals they are descended from Asian ancestors
The Americas were the last continents colonized by humans and the nature and timing of this colonization has been the subject of intense scientific research for over a century. The Mormon Church claims special knowledge within this field of scientific research. Most Mormons believe that native people in the Americas and Polynesia are largely (or at least partly) descended from Israelites. These views are largely based on the sacred writings Mormons possess, in particular the Book of Mormon, and numerous statements by church leaders, including all of its prophets, over many decades. As recently as March 2013 native Central American Mormons from Honduras were reassured by an apostle that they are the descendants of father Lehi, an Israelite who the Book of Mormon claims sailed to the Americas in 600BC. Scientists studying Native American populations see no cultural or genetic connection between Old and New World populations. There is a broad consensus view among archaeologists
Simon Southerton
I'm a scientist and former Mormon and the author of Losing a Lost Tribe (Signature Books, 2004) and The Sacred Curse (self published 2020) which reveal how genetics has exposed the 19th century origins of Mormon Scripture.
How Kennewick Man has Impaled Rodney Meldrum's Hea...


PEMBROKE PINES, Fla. - A 15-year-old girl from Pembroke Pines was riding her bicycle Monday when she was fatally struck by a car, authorities said.
The girl was identified as Cassie Torres.
According to Pembroke Pines police, Torres was riding her bike east on the sidewalk on the south side of Taft Street shortly after 5 p.m. and turned left on Northwest 125th Avenue, where she proceeded to cross northbound.
Authorities said Amanda Hernandez, 53, also of Pembroke Pines, was driving west on Taft Street in her silver Mercedes-Benz C230, approaching 125th Avenue.
"I know she was in the street, so she wasn't riding where she should have, in the bike trail, and she wasn't wearing a helmet. But still, it was a holiday and it's a 35 (mph) speed limit, so it must have been a really hard crash," Andrea Jurgenson, who drove by the crash scene, told Local 10 News.
Torres' uncle told Local 10 News reporter Sanela Sabovic that his niece had just celebrated her quinceanera two months ago.
"I miss her so much. I miss her so much," Robert Zvigelsky said.
Zvigelsky said his niece was a student at Charles W. Flanagan High School and was riding her bike to Starbucks with a friend since they were off from school Monday.
He said Torres was a big Disney fans and loved her three dogs.
"She loved everybody. She was a good person, sweet person," Zvigelsky said.
"It's just like a bad dream and you just want to slap yourself to wake up," Zvigelsky said.


text:
Councils say fold housing into social care green paper
CCN says government must provide the impetus for developers to build supported housing.
Bill Tanner
00:01 July 27, 2018
England's largest councils call for housing to be featured prominently in government's social care green paper
With elderly households in rural areas set to rise at 'unprecedented' levels over the next two decades, county leaders are calling on government to ensure that the paper encourages planning reforms to address the dearth of retirement and supported housing in the country.
A new report from the County Councils Network (CCN) – Sustainable Social Care: A Green Paper that Delivers a New Deal for Counties – sets out the network's policy positions on adult social care ahead of the government social care green paper, and argues that housing must form a focal part of the solution to the social care crisis.
To CCN, counties need a more prominent role in planning and administering grant funding, whilst government must provide the impetus for developers to build supported housing.
Cllr David Williams, CCN health and social care spokesman, said: "Our analysis of population projections shows the very real prospect of the country sleepwalking into a hidden elderly housing crisis, with a real dearth of later living properties to fulfil demand and a shortage of adequate accommodation for when people are ready to leave hospital.
"Failure to address this now will only store up problems for the future, especially on the wider health service.
"The status quo is no longer an option; ministers must be bold in ensuring sustainable financial reform, both for the system and for individuals.
"With care services and the NHS interdependent, investing in one but not the other is financially irresponsible."
Population projections show that the number of over-85 households in county areas are set to balloon by 155% by 2039, rising from 491,000 to 1,254 million.
This growth in rural areas represents over half the country's entire projected growth in over-85s, whilst the amount of over-65s will rise by 1.9 million to become 28% of the total population in counties.
The report finds that only 1% of over-60s in England are living in retirement properties, with an estimated 30,000 a year estimated to be needed to fulfil demand; but only 7,200 such properties are developed per year, Demos found last year.
To provide the housing elderly residents need, and to reduce pressure on social care services, the report recommends a four-pronged approach:
National housing policy should be strengthened to ensure that planning authorities have clear policies for addressing housing requirements of groups with specific needs
In particular, the government should make Part M (4) Category 2 (accessible, adaptable) the mandatory minimum for the construction of all new homes, the equivalent of the former Lifetime Homes standard
With patients in county two-tier areas likely to be 10% more delayed in being discharged from hospital because they are awaiting the installation of specialist equipment or adaptions in their housing, there must be a closer alignment between social care authorities (county councils) and district councils (planning authorities) in planning for disabled facilities and administering grant funding
Government must consider how to encourage developers to increase the level of construction of retirement housing, potentially by changing its planning classification
At present, retirement housing currently falls into the same planning class as general use housing. This means retirement housing developers face the same Section 106 charges to fund affordable housing as developers of general housing.
With housing and social care intrinsically linked, county councils should have a stronger role in the planning process in two-tier areas.
CCN has argued that the county council's role in the proposed statement of common ground must be strengthened, and they should be a formal signatory on matters relating to adult social care.
The government's recent consultation on short-term supported housing proposed that upper-tier authorities in two-tier areas should lead on the development of a Supported Housing Strategic Plan.
CCN believes this would sensibly link with the market-shaping duties of upper-tier local authorities, as well as the provision of equipment and adaptations through DFGs.
Commons told cuts create shortage of safe housing for care kids
Pregnant homeless woman left to sleep on floor by council
Queen's Speech clouds 'clear plan' for social care
Government 'needs to commit' to new forms of care delivery


October 14, 2017 • Several state attorneys general say they'll sue to protect the subsidies that help defray costs for low-income consumers. Many physician groups say they oppose the administration's action.
October 13, 2017 • The administration's move late Thursday was the second swipe that day at the insurance markets created by the Affordable Care Act.


text:
class AddIndicesToTables < ActiveRecord::Migration[6.1]
  def change
    add_index :chapters, :story_id
    add_index :character_chapters, :character_id
    add_index :character_chapters, :chapter_id
    add_index :characters, :user_id
    add_index :comments, :user_id
    add_index :comments, :story_id
    add_index :stories, :user_id
    add_index :story_audiences, :story_id
    add_index :story_audiences, :audience_id
    add_index :story_genres, :story_id
    add_index :story_genres, :genre_id
    add_index :users, :username
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


At RateDumpster, we strive to bring you the best service at the best price available. We have a wide selection of dumpster sizes in stock in Vienna, MD, with flexible & timley pickup and delivery. Give us a call today for all your dumpster rental and roll off needs.
Your roll-off dumpster in Vienna, MD is only a phone call away. Don't delay!
Another excuse your parents can be moving out of their residence is they want to move to an additional state. Perhaps in your mom's or dad's golden years someplace hotter intrigues them. Or perhaps they want to relocate to the outlying to enjoy much more peace and quiet. The location may intrigue your parents as they will not have to push as much and they also can get his or her exercise when walking to the grocery store or eateries that will encompass them.
With regards to a storage that needs clearing out, chances are good that there is a pretty huge amount associated with junk to be thrown away. Since a lot of local trash companies impose restricts on how much trash you can put out each week, and a lot of points may just be too large and awkwardly shaped intended for trash hand bags anyway, you're going to want to rent the dumpster from a trustworthy Large Dumpster For Rent in Vienna, MD company. Just picturing the dumpster-sized load associated with junk long gone from your storage should make the task taking place seem a lot more manageable.
With hearing the saying prevention of air pollution your minds conjure up while using idea of mitigating the emission associated with fossil fuels produced by the travel of vehicles. It's a good indicator, but without a doubt, the term Air pollution is not focused entirely on the air air pollution and sound pollution that's generated from vehicles. There are good deal many other factors contributing to air pollution of the setting in the cities such as design waste, green yard throw away, industrial throw away.
Check dumpsters in apartment buildings and the beginning and end of calendar month. When new tenants shift in/out they covering to throw-away many things valueable.
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It is a good indicator that you have taken a decision to manage waste created in an Eco- welcoming manner however, important job here is the means you plan to help dispose the generated throw away. Trash created in the projects like design, house remodelling, industrial projects and green yard cleanup is very massive. Planning to get rid the throw away on personal makes you tumble sick with many injuries if it's not properly taken care of. Handling this kind of huge a ton of waste requires expertise and professionalism. The item even eliminates your time mainly because all the rubbish will be taken care of manually.
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Once you've got your property decluttered and organized, you should keep a control out for your bad habits. Your cluttered mess didn't take place overnight the 1st time, and it will slowly but surely creep back in to your life if you aren't careful! Throw away junk when it comes in. Keep your house tidy and arranged. Ask yourself once in awhile if you have the need for some of the issues that have been collecting dust. With a little extreme caution, your home will stay clutter-free.
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Renting a new dumpster, seems simple right? Very well, before you place the dumpster order there are many things you need to learn.
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This Perfect Fit Foam pad is made of 1/2″ dense wool felt, with 1/" of anti-fungal antibacterial foam inside. Preventing fungus and injury, the contoured shape will also help prevent injury. Cut from one piece, as well as the reinforced cutout over the withers and the high quality wear leathers ensure durability.


text:
Loimaa församling (finska: Loimaan seurakunta) är en evangelisk-luthersk församling i Loimaa i landskapet Egentliga Finland. Församlingen hör till Åbo ärkestift och Pemar prosteri och har cirka 12 500 medlemmar (2021) och 30 anställda. Församlingens verksamhet sker i huvudsakligen på finska.

Riku Laukkanen är församlingens kyrkoherde. Loimaa församlings huvudkyrka är Egentliga Loimaa kyrka (finska: Kanta-Loimaan kirkko) från 1837.

Historia
Loimijoki (Loimaa) kyrksocken kan dateras till de allra första åren av 1420-talet. Åtminstone fanns den 1425 även om de första omnämnandena är från senare tid. Samtidigt grundades Loimijoki förvaltningssocken.

Namnet Loimaa församling togs i bruk i början av 2005 när Egentliga Loimaa församling och Loimaa stadsförsamling slogs ihop. Då sammanfördes också Loimaa kommun och Loimaa stad. År 2009 blev också Alastaro och Mellilä församlingar en del av Loimaa församling som kapellförsamlingar på grund av nya kommunsammanslagningar i Loimaa.

Kyrkor
Listan över kyrkor i Loimaa församling:
 Egentliga Loimaa kyrka
 Alastaro kyrka
 Loimaa stadskyrka
 Mellilä kyrka
 Metsämaa kyrka
 Virttaa kyrka

Källor

Loimaa
Församlingar i Åbo ärkestift

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
The Knightly News
Inside MGA
Diversity, Inclusion, and Equity
Request a Vehicle
During World War II, the Tuskegee Airmen of the US Army Air Forces, "served with distinction in combat, and they contributed to the eventual integration of the U.S. armed services, with the U.S. Air Force leading the way." Click here to learn more about the Tuskegee Airmen from the National Museum of the US Air Force.
The Office of Student Life seeks to provide events that edify, entertain, enlighten, inspire, and engender a genuine understanding and appreciation of diversity on campus and in our community, as well as give students opportunities to enrich their education and develop leadership skills. Through poetry, prose, song, dance, film and lectures, Black History Month events teach of the contributions of African Americans to the political, cultural and social fabric of Central Georgia and the nation.
For more information about Black History Month events, contact the Office of Student Life at 478.471.5729. Black History Month events are supported with student activity fees.
2019 Black History Month Events
2/4 - #BeTheChange (Warner Robins)
9:00a - 1:00p
2/5 - Celebrating Black History Movie Knight (Eastman)
Classroom 2025
2/6 - Black History Jeopardy (Cochran)
Presidential Dining Hall
2/12 - West African Experience (Macon)
2:00p- 3:00p
College of Arts Sciences
The Office of Student Life is proud to host Hayiya Dance Studio for Black History Month!
The studio will put on a 1-hour concert to feature traditional West African dance, percussion, song, and audience participation. The performance will be held in the College of Arts and Science's theater.
2/19 - Black History Month Trivia (Dublin)
2/25 - Black History Showcase (Cochran)
Russell Auditorium
Student Gov't Association
Student Life Facilities
Honors Convocation
Student Leadership Awards
SHARE @ Food Pantry
The Torch Society
Facilities Request and Event Registration Form


A Rensselaer County judge will have to decide whether a lawsuit accusing the Albany Roman Catholic Diocese of manipulative therapy services violates the Constitution's separation of church and state.
Acting state Supreme Court Justice Christian Hummel on Monday received a 58-page response to the church's motion to dismiss the lawsuit filed in December. Hummel is expected to rule in coming weeks on whether the lawsuit proceeds.
The case could lead to disclosure of church records and sworn statements by Bishop Howard Hubbard, one of the defendants.
Church lawyers cite the First Amendment's church-and-state clause, maintaining that this lawsuit raises "the specter of excessive entanglement with religion."
The lawsuit, filed by attorney John Aretakis, claims the church manipulated Curtis Oathout last year to prevent him from hiring an attorney or speaking publicly about his alleged abuse by the Rev. David Bentley.
Specifically, the church's counselor, Sister Anne Bryan Smollin, allegedly committed professional malpractice by failing to take notes of therapy sessions, sharing information about her patient with Hubbard and telling the patient about her own personal life, according to the lawsuit.
The judge will consider a statement from a psychologist who said Smollin "misdiagnosed" Oathout and her actions were "a departure from ethical and prevailing community standards," according to court papers filed Monday.
Oathout said he went to Smollin, at her Counseling for Laity office, seeking psychological treatment, not spiritual direction.
Laws designed to protect religion from government control do not apply in this case, according to Aretakis' response, filed Monday.
"By simply being a nun or a bishop, the defendants Smollin and Hubbard cannot come forward and allege as a matter of law that all of their respective acts or responsibilities in life and the workplace come under the protection of the First Amendment," Aretakis wrote in court papers.
If Hummel permits the case to move forward, he has said a trial could begin later this year.


Lemme be perfectly clear: I don't care if you put ketchup on your hot dog. I don't even care if you put catsup on your hot dog. Or cat's blood. You, sir or madame, whoever you may be, can put whatever the heck you want on your dog. I've lived in Chicago my whole life, I know the rules, but I don't care.
With that said, ketchup or not, here are five of the best hot dog joints in the Chicago-land area. Don't see your favorite on here? Then why dontchya whine about it!
No, seriously, we got a comments section for a reason.
There are so many choices! Literally. Sure, you got your standard Vienna dog, but Hot Doug's doesn't stop there. They've got a whole cadre of encased meats to fit any tastes. Like the Anna Kendrick, also known as the Fire Dog, previously known as the Keira Knightley, Jennifer Garner and the Britney Spears – perfect for those who wants something spicy (obviously). They got corn dogs (the Dave Pound), they got brats that are soaked in beer (the Paul Kelly), and they got a list of specials that changes daily. Right now, on October 18th, 2011, their special is a Mediterranean lamb sausage. Sure, I'll try it.
Hot Doug's also gained some fame over their use of foie gras (fattened duck liver) in some of their sausages. When the city made foie gras illegal, Hot Doug's screamed, "revolucion!" and fought the system. How enchanting!
How can you not love Superdawg? They've got the giant, cartoon hot dogs on top of their drive-in-like location that are bound to bring out the happy kid in any curmudgeon. Just don't imagine you're eating those lovable characters as you actually chow down on one of their great dogs. That'll probably scar you, or cause at least a little damage to your psyche, or something. Anyways, stop by this great fast food restaurant for great decor and food!
Remember that rant I had about ketchup at the beginning of this article? Yeah, well, forget about it for this spot. Gene & Jude's DEFINITELY cares about ketchup. They hate it. They do not have it on the premises, and if you ask for it, two guys (unless you're unlucky, then three guys), will jump the counter and dispense a good, old fashioned pounding on you.
Just joking, they won't beat you up.
Still, don't ask for ketchup. They got great dogs, but they won't let you sully 'em with anything made from tomatoes.
My advice? Bring your own ketchup (for your fries, they got great fries, by the way), and keep it in your car. There's not a whole lot of room to eat inside anyways. Just, uh, don't let anyone see ya with the contraband.
It's a trek to go that far Southwest, but everyone in Oak Lawn agrees, Pluto's is great for, well, everything. Dogs especially. They don't only make amazing Chicago style dogs though, they have great Italian Beef and burgers. One of those places where it's hard to find anything on the menu that's bad.
Want a good hot dog? Just go right to the source. The majority of the dogs you eat are Vienna, so why not visit Vienna Beef's factory? The public is allowed to eat in their cafeteria, so stop by for lunch sometime, they'll be happy to see ya. The best part about visiting the cafeteria is that you can eat one of their tasty dogs, then buy a bunch frozen to make at home. Or, if you're lookin' for something different, maybe you'll want to buy a gigantic bag of bagel dogs instead. Or! And this is a stretch, a giant bag of mini bagel dogs. Just, you know, get whatever you want.
So there you go. Five great places to get processed mystery meat. Eat as many as you'd like, but not too many. Who will read my articles if you die early of a heart attack?
Read more "I'm Right (You're Wrong)" articles by Mason Johnson here!


text:
#ifndef __OUTDOOR_BOT_DIR_ANT_FOLLOWER_H__
#define __OUTDOOR_BOT_DIR_ANT_FOLLOWER_H__

#include <ros/ros.h>

#include "FBFSM/FBFSM.h"

namespace OutdoorBot
{
namespace Navigation
{

class DirAntFollower
{
 public:
  class Output
  {
   public:
    /**
     * The modes are
     *  TIMEOUT: The directional antenna timed out.
     *  WAIT_FOR_READY: The dir ant follower has issued a move or stop command and is waiting for the robot to report
     *   successful completion of this command.
     *  MOVE_FORWARD: Move forward a certain distance (the dir ant follower will give you incremental distance or you
     *   can just move any distance you think is appropriate.
     *  TURN: Turn a distance in DEGREES.
     *  STOP: Stay stopped.  We're waiting for the dir ant to sweep.
     */
    enum Mode
    {
      TIMEOUT               = -1,
      WAIT_FOR_READY        = 0,
      MOVE_FORWARD          = 1,
      TURN                  = 2,
      STOP                  = 3
    };
 public:
    Output() : mode_(WAIT_FOR_READY), distance_(0.0) {}

    const Mode& mode() const {return mode_;}
    double distance() const {return distance_;}
    void set_mode(const Mode& mode) {mode_ = mode;}
    void set_distance(double distance) {distance_ = distance;}
   private:
    Mode mode_;
    double distance_;
  };

  class Input
  {
   public:
    /**
     * When the input mode is EXECUTING_COMMAND, this will only return the  WAIT_FOR_READY or EMERGENCY_STOP modes.
     * When the input mode is READY_FOR_NEW_COMMAND, this may return any of the output modes.
     */
    enum Mode
    {
      EXECUTING_COMMAND     = 0,
      READY_FOR_NEW_COMMAND = 1
    };
   public:
    explicit Input(const Mode& mode) : mode_(mode) {}

    const Mode& mode() const {return mode_;}

   private:
    Mode mode_;
  };

 public:
  DirAntFollower();

  void activate();
  Output update(const Input& input);

 private:
  void setupFSM();

  void on_enter_wait_for_first_turn();
  int on_update_wait_for_first_turn();

  void on_enter_run_multiple_sweeps();
  int on_update_run_multiple_sweeps();

  void on_enter_wait_for_angle();
  int on_update_wait_for_angle();

  void on_enter_retry_sweep();
  int on_update_retry_sweep();

  void on_enter_turn();
  int on_update_turn();

  void on_enter_wait_before_move();
  int on_update_wait_before_move();

  void on_enter_move();
  int on_update_move();

  void on_enter_timeout();
  int on_update_timeout();

  FBFSM fsm_;
  int wait_for_first_turn_state_;
  int run_multiple_sweeps_state_;
  int wait_for_angle_state_;
  int retry_sweep_state_;
  int turn_state_;
  int wait_before_move_state_;
  int move_state_;
  int timeout_state_;

  struct WaitForAngleData
  {
  	 int n_sweeps;
    int sweep_number;
    ros::Time start_time;
    WaitForAngleData() : n_sweeps(0), sweep_number(0) {}
  } wait_for_angle_data_;

  struct TurnData
  {
    double angle;
    TurnData() : angle(0.0) {}
  } turn_data_;

  struct WaitBeforeMoveData
  {
    ros::Time start_time;
  } wait_before_move_data_;

  struct Params
  {
    // A timeout on waiting for the directional antenna.
    double dir_ant_timeout;
    // How far to move forward each time.
    double incremental_distance;
    // If we're supposed to turn less than this, we skip the turn and go directly to the move state.
    double min_angle;
    // The time to wait before moving (usually for radar data).
    double wait_before_move_duration;
    // Number of sweeps to run if we get an angle outside of max dir ant angle.
    int n_sweeps;
    // The maximum angle we're allowed to return.
    double max_dir_ant_angle;
  } params_;

  ros::Publisher dir_ant_pub_;
  ros::ServiceClient dir_ant_client_;
  Input input_;
  Output output_;
};

}  // namespace Navigation
}  // namespace OutdoorBotx

#endif  // __OUTDOOR_BOT_DIR_ANT_FOLLOWER_H__


While the Uniform Probate Code, and about half of the states recognize holographic wills (signed by the testator but not witnessed), Georgia does not. A Georgia Will must be in writing, signed by the testator (or by another person in his presence and by his direction), and attested to by 2 or more competent witnesses.
Regardless of whether you passed with or without a will, and if your will may be considered valid or invalid, your loved ones will need to go to probate court. However, if your will was well drafted by an attorney, you may not need to continually seek court approval and appear before a probate judge. Additionally, if you have made a comprehensive estate plan, you may avoid probate altogether. Therefore, it is important to have an attorney guide you through this process. Here, at Thomas Walters Estate Planning Firm, if you need help with a loved ones probate, I can help you notify potential beneficiaries, file and pay estate taxes (if applicable), distribute estate assets, and close out the estate. If you would like to discuss ways that you can avoid probate, I can help you meet these goals too.


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Canon discussion / Essays
Where is Spinner's End?
Home Lexicon Blog Canon discussion Where is Spinner's End?
By Claire M. Jordan • February 14, 2006
Although Spinner's End is probably not a real place in a real town, it's reasonable to assume that it's in an imaginary town in an area where towns of that type are found—just as Little Whinging is an imaginary town, but of a recognizably Surrey type. An argument has been made Spinner's End is in the Halifax area of Yorkshire. Other distinct possibilities are the Dundee/Fife and Glasgow/Lanark areas of Scotland, and Belfast and Derry in Northern Ireland. However, analyzing clues J.K. Rowling provided in Chapter Two of Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, I conclude that Spinner's End is likely near the Manchester area in the industrial north of England.
Description of Spinner's End in Half-Blood Prince
Firstly, what does JKR actually tell us about Spinner's End?
It is a long way from London.
It is in an industrial-style mill-town, but we aren't told what sort of mill. The name Spinner's End suggests it's a textile mill but even this is unproven. Consider that there is a real street called Spinner's End but it is in a steel-mill area, in a place called Cradley Heath in the Black Country northwest of Birmingham.
The mill is by a river, which means it's probably water-powered, or more likely, steam-powered. It is obviously disused by 1996, and it has a very tall, thin chimney, tall enough to tower over houses several streets way.
The river is dirty enough to be smelled several streets away, is winding and has rubbish-strewn, overgrown banks which seem to be fairly high and steep, as Cissy has to "scramble" to get up them. There must be a flat bit — perhaps a tow-path or a cycle-path — between the river and the steep bank on at least one side because Cissy and Bella Apparate to the edge of the river without falling over, or in.
There is a railing along the top of the bank, then a cobbled street. Brick houses begin on the other side of the street and extend back from it in near-identical straight rows, suggesting a low-grade housing estate probably purpose-built for the workers at the mill.
Bellatrix thinks they may be the first pureblood-wizards to set foot there. If this is Snape's childhood home then the implication is that his mother wasn't a pureblood witch.
The rows of houses are linked by alleyways, as well as (presumably) by crossing streets.
Both the houses and the street-lighting are generally in a poor state of repair. Many, probably most of the houses are empty—even in summer 1996, the height of the housing-boom. A lot of windows are boarded up, which means the area is vandal-haunted as well as bleak. Nevertheless, the area is not totally deserted. Somewhere within walking or cycling distance of the point where the sisters appear there is a Fish-and-Chip Shop, and enough customers to keep it going. We know this because by the river there is a fish-and-chip paper fresh enough to attract a fox.
Spinner's End itself is several streets away from the river. It is cobbled.
Snape's house is at the end of a row. Although the sitting room accommodates an armchair and a sofa it is very small. The sitting room has a door opening directly onto the street, one internal door leading to a kitchen, and another leading to a narrow staircase. Upstairs there are at least two bedrooms. It's a reasonable surmise, incidentally, that all the rooms are small, not just the sitting room. Snape is so short of space that he has to hang bookcases on the backs of doors (one wonders how they open without "binding"—maybe it's magic!), so one would assume that if he had, for example, a large kitchen he would swap the rooms around and make the biggest room his sitting room.
Snape's house is actually at the end of the whole street—but we're not told how the street ends. It could be a T-junction, a turning or a cul-de-sac. It could end in a wall, or in the grounds of some factory or municipal building. It could end in a bomb-site, a building-site or allotments (see below). Or it could just peter out into open country.
Analysis of Housing Stock
On to extrapolation, then. The houses are almost certainly terraced—that is, joined to the houses on either side of them. Many, probably most houses in Britain are, especially in poorer areas. Being at the end of a row Snape's house is semi-detached. The house is probably what's called a "two-up-and-two-down"—two rooms upstairs and two downstairs. This is a common design for Victorian workers' housing.
Many of these terraced houses were "back-to-backs"—two rooms wide and one deep, with no space at the back, the houses simply being all of a piece with the ones behind them. However, the fact that the street door opens straight into Snape's sitting room suggests that in this case they are one room wide and two deep, meaning there will be a small garden or yard at the back to allow light into the rear rooms. There is likely to be a narrow alley between the yards of one row of houses and the yards of the houses behind them, with gates opening from the yards onto the alleyway.
Unless the houses have been modernized, they will have an outdoor lavatory in the yard, and no bathroom. (This probably explains why Snape doesn't wash his hair every day—he never got into the habit—and if he got ribbed at school for being scruffy it would become a point of pride not to do anything about it, just to be bloody-minded.) The lavatory may even be shared between more than one household. Back-to-backs might have an indoor lavatory or they might share a communal public lavatory block. In some cases there were no kitchen taps and the water supply was a communal pump.
The likelihood is vanishingly small that the houses have any sort of front garden, as this sort of house is usually built straight onto the pavement. Back gardens, if any, will be measly little scraps of grass. But there are very likely to be "allotments," or garden-sized strips of a nearby field which residents can rent for a "peppercorn rent" of a few pounds a year. There is often a communal water supply, and allotment-holders build sheds and grow flowers and vegetables on their strip of land, making the field of allotments a major social focus of the local community.
Determination of Location
Now to location. Mill chimneys and cobbles mean the setting is probably the industrial north. The real Spinner's End mentioned above is actually in a steel-mill area, which suggests the Black Country near Birmingham, Tyneside or the Clyde area in Scotland. The mill could even be a paper-mill.
If, however, we take the name to mean that the mill is a textile mill, there are several possibilities. The British textile industry, most of which had died by the 1950s, centred around wool in Yorkshire and Lanarkshire; jute in the Dundee area; silk and linen in Fife; cotton in Derbyshire, Lancashire, Lanarkshire, Nottinghamshire and Fife; silk in Derby; and lace in Nottingham and in some areas of Ireland and Scotland. There was also a mixture of textile factories in Belfast and Derry in Northern Ireland. Linen-mills operated widely throughout Britain. There is a suitably tatty and polluted area of cobbles and run-down houses and mill-chimneys in Reading, but it is unlikely Spinner's End is as near London as Reading.
The fact that JKR is based in Scotland raises the likelihood that Spinner's End is in Lanarkshire or the Dundee area. Most houses in Scotland are built of stone blocks, not bricks, but there are surviving rows of brick-built working men's housing in these areas.
Yorkshire as Unsuitable
A lady called June Diamanti on LiveJournal has made a case for Spinner's End being in Halifax in Yorkshire. Yorkshire would be a nice choice in some ways—culturally interesting, and it is quite romantic to think of Snape as a Dalesman. However, the British tourist industry thinks that Yorkshire is romantic too, and most places in Yorkshire have been cleaned up and renovated. Few if any areas of Yorkshire would have housing standing empty in 1996, as did Spinner's End at the time—unless, of course, the housing was unsound and due to be pulled down and replaced by a modern estate. Even in that case, it's still fairly unlikely that a river in most places in Yorkshire would be that dirty as recently as 1996.
Ms. Diamanti has found evidence of a Snape family who used to own a shop in Halifax, and a very striking photograph of a mill chimney towering over a cobbled street in Halifax. Whilst this is suggestive, Snape is not a rare enough name to make it conclusive. JKR has hinted that she got the name from the town called Snape Maltings, which is in Suffolk—and perhaps the most famous living Snape, the artist Sue Macartney-Snape, is from Tanganyika. The street in the photo has no visible houses alongside it, and is clearly very much higher up than the level on which the mill is standing. There's nothing to suggest Spinner's End is high up, except that Cissy is said to go "up the street"—but this is usually just a synonym for "along."
It's true that the sisters as they stand by the river can see that there are row on row of houses, apparently parallel to the river, and that could mean that the houses are ranged in ranks up a steep hillside—but there's nothing else to suggest this. If the roads were at a great slope you would expect JKR would say so, and it is likely that the sisters know there are multiple rows of houses because the alley is close enough for them to look down it and see the ends of the rows. It is clear from the description that as they stand at the top of the bank, the alley is more or less directly opposite them.
Halifax is actually a problematic choice, as the river which runs through Halifax is clean and probably has been for a long time: I myself have seen it being exceedingly clean just upriver from Halifax in the mid '80s, and since the local heavy industry was already dead or dying it's unlikely it could have been reeking with pollution ten years later and only a few miles further on. In 2002, a factory accident contaminated a stream in or near Halifax and the company concerned undertook to return the water to its former condition—which included restocking it with the 60,000 salmon and 30,000 trout which had been living in it up until July 2002.
Also, if their town website is anything to go by Halifax is very, very modernized and Yuppified indeed. It's possible you could still have found some really scruffy bits in Halifax ten years ago, but it has a number of things against it. If Spinner's End is in Yorkshire, Bradford is a much more likely choice—since it has several mills and parts of it are still pretty rough and un-touristy. Huddersfield is also still very industrial and dirty.
Derby (the county town of Derbyshire) would also be possible in theory, since at one point it was full of mills and estates of working men's cottages. However, most of those cottages were pulled down by 1977, which reduces Derby's chances of being the right place, and most of Derby is in any case too clean and too pretty.
Why Spinner's End is Probably near Manchester
If Spinner's End is in or very near to a city in England then Manchester is the most likely location, as it is actually known as "the town of tall chimneys." Also, it is quite likely that JKR's image of Spinner's End was inspired by the paintings of L.S. Lowry, which are mainly of the Salford/Manchester area. I am told that JK actually said on an arts programme that she is a big fan of Lowry's. See for example the painting "Canal Bridge" at The Fine Art Company website, or the drawing called "Lancashire Scene 1925," at Anthony Seaton's Lowry educational site. Indeed, were it not for the misty presence of what seems to be a very large church in the background, "Lancashire Scene 1925" this picture could be Snape's house in Spinner's End—so much so that I wonder if JK was inspired by this particular drawing.
However, I'm inclined to think that Spinner's End is not closely attached to any big city—because if it was part of a thousand-year-old city (and most of them are that old, or older) it's unlikely Bella and Cissy could be the first purebloods to set foot there. Of course, Bella could just be being her usual bigoted self—but if she really means it she's more likely to be talking about some purpose-built little late Georgian or Victorian mill-town.
It's certainly not true, as has been suggested elsewhere, that Lancashire didn't have many cotton mills because of a shortage of rivers. The BBC's website on King Cotton has this to say about it:
Lancashire's damp climate (some may call rainy!) was perfect for maintaining the moisture in fine cotton yarns, whilst the abundant supply of water via rivers in Pennine towns and cities drove water-powered mills.
Twenty-nine of the 35 steam driven engines later acquired by cotton businesses were installed in Lancashire.
Nation on Film: When Cotton was King – The Rise of the Textile Industry in England's North West
However, Pennine towns go down in likelihood because the river near Spinner's End is described as winding and it has a path alongside it—suggesting the town is on fairly level ground, not right up in the hills. And the further up, the more likely the river is to be clean. This likewise reduces the chances for many of the Yorkshire wool towns, quite apart from the tourism issue.
The Derwent Valley in Derbyshire is famously lined with water-powered cotton-mills, often with appropriately towering chimneys, but like much of Yorkshire it's a bit too picturesque and touristy, and the water is way too clean.
If Spinner's End is in England then that leaves Nottinghamshire, the area of Lancashire around Manchester (but probably not Manchester itself), the area of Yorkshire around Bradford (but probably not Bradford itself) or Huddersfield, and a series of scruffy little mill-towns in and around Hope Valley in Derbyshire, strung out on a line between Derby and Manchester. All of the other locations are of course possible—but only these ones have nothing against them. That is, they have brick houses, they have mill-chimneys and cobbles, they are low-lying enough for the river to wind and to have a track alongside it, they hadn't been seriously Yuppified or cleaned up by summer 1996 and it is at least possible to speculate that no pureblood might have set foot in them before that date.
Of these locations, the Manchester/Salford area is probably the most likely, especially if it's true that JKR is a Lowry fan: but in my own stories I have gone for Derbyshire because my assistant, Dee Suil-Levanne, is from Derby and this enables me to use authentic local dialect. Dee specifically suggests either a tatty suburb at the edge of Derby called Ormskirk Rise, or Stockport, or New Mills in the Hope Valley. New Mills has a river and several finger-like mill chimneys and lots of old factory-workers' houses and is decidedly scruffy and rough and un-Yuppified, with a harsh whiney accent which would have been a particular social cross for young Severus to bear. (Apologies to anyone reading this who comes from New Mills!)
Snape's Personality as Confirmation of Location
Snape's words and actions are those of one from the industrial north of England. Snape uses the expression "dunderhead," which is quite often heard in the north of England but rare elsewhere, and he describes Mundungus Fletcher as "smelly"—a word common among children all over Britain, but rarely used by adults—unless they are from the Manchester/Derby area. Finally, the fact that Snape probably comes from the industrial north of England defuses a lot of his apparent harshness and nastiness, because it means much of it is just cultural. In that area "surly and antisocial" is rather admired, and rudeness (known as "being blunt") is regarded as a sign of honesty and is cultivated as a virtue. Indeed, one can say that Snape's probably from a northern English industrial area, rather than Lanarkshire or Derry, precisely because he is so brusque and sarcastic.
1 Description of Spinner's End in Half-Blood Prince
2 Analysis of Housing Stock
3 Determination of Location
3.1 Yorkshire as Unsuitable
3.2 Why Spinner's End is Probably near Manchester
3.3 Snape's Personality as Confirmation of Location
Snape family
Eileen Prince Snape
Spinner's End
Tags: geography places


Colliers International has been instructed to sell the Park Inn by Radisson in York on behalf of LR (York) Ltd.
Currently let to Park Hotels Management Ltd for a term of 25 years, with nearly 16 years un-expired, the hotel is being marketed for offers over £20 million, representing a NIY of 7.75 per cent.
Located on North Street on the Southern bank of the River Ouse, close to York's central business district, the three star Hotel comprises 200 rooms over seven floors, with part of the hotel located over the adjacent building, known as Riverside Block. Furthermore, the hotel includes a PACE health centre and parking facilities for up to 90 cars.
Initially constructed in 1969, the building has benefited from extensive refurbishment programmes in 2009 and again in 2012, with on-going improvements being made since on a rolling programme.
On the sale, Julian Troup, Head of UK Hotels at Colliers International, said: "York is a key UK hotel market, with its strong regional business centre and reputation as a popular leisure destination and university town.


Deposition Author(s): Winther, A.M.L., Quick, M., Javitch, J.A., Nissen, P.
Quick, M., Winther, A.M.L., Shi, L., Nissen, P., Weinstein, H., Javitch, J.A.
The first crystal structure of the neurotransmitter/sodium symporter homolog LeuT revealed an occluded binding pocket containing leucine and 2 Na(+); later structures showed tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) in an extracellular vestibule approximately 11 A above the bound leucine and 2 Na(+). We recently found this region to be a second binding (S2) site and that binding of substrate to this site triggers Na(+)-coupled substrate symport. Here, we show a profound inhibitory effect of n-octyl-beta-d-glucopyranoside (OG), the detergent used for LeuT crystallization, on substrate binding to the S2 site. In parallel, we determined at 2.8 A the structure of LeuT-E290S, a mutant that, like LeuT-WT, binds 2 substrate molecules. This structure was similar to that of WT and clearly revealed an OG molecule in the S2 site. We also observed electron density at the S2 site in LeuT-WT crystals, and this also was accounted for by an OG molecule in that site. Computational analyses, based on the available crystal structures of LeuT, indicated the nature of structural arrangements in the extracellular region of LeuT that differentiate the actions of substrates from inhibitors bound in the S2 site. We conclude that the current LeuT crystal structures, all of which have been solved in OG, represent functionally blocked forms of the transporter, whereas a substrate bound in the S2 site will promote a different state that is essential for Na(+)-coupled symport.
Center for Molecular Recognition, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.


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