text:
Sturgeon reveals plans for rent controls with new Private Tenancies Bill
Nicola Sturgeon
First minister Nicola Sturgeon has laid out plans to introduce new bills to improve security for private tenants, introduce rent controls and abolish the 'bedroom tax' as early as possible.
Setting out her government's legislative programme for the last session of the Scottish Parliament before the 2016 elections, Ms Sturgeon said the new Private Tenancies Bill will improve security for tenants in the private rented sector (PRS) and provide clear rights and safeguards for landlords. The bill will provide more predictable rents and protection for tenants against excessive rent increases, including the ability to introduce local rent controls for rent pressure areas.
Specifically, the bill will:
Introduce a Scottish Private Rented Tenancy to replace the current Assured system.
Remove the 'no-fault' ground for repossession, meaning a landlord can no longer ask a tenant to leave simply because the fixed-term has ended.
Provide comprehensive and robust grounds for repossession that will allow landlords to regain possession in specified circumstances.
Provide more predictable rents and protection for tenants against excessive rent increases, including the ability to introduce local rent controls for rent pressure areas.
Create a more streamlined, clearer to understand tenancy system that is fit for the modern private rented sector.
The first minister also revealed that the Scottish Government's target to provide 30,000 affordable homes by the end of this parliament is set to be exceeded.
The affordable homes target, which included 20,000 social homes of which 5000 will be council homes, has been backed by planned investment of £1.7 billion. By the end of March 2015, a total of 26,972 affordable homes (90 per cent of the target) had been delivered.
She pledged to provide £195 million over next three years to extend the Help to Buy (Scotland) scheme which will help at least 6,500 households and promised a "root and branch review of the planning system" with a particular emphasis on building more homes by delivering a quicker more accessible and efficient process.
Since Help to Buy relies on funding flowing through the Barnett mechanism, more detail on the scheme's arrangements will be provided following the publication of the UK Spending Review in November.
A new Rural Housing Fund would also be introduced to help people who wish to stay and live in rural communities.
If re-elected, the SNP said it would introduce a Scottish Social Security Bill in first year of new parliament to pave the way for measures to address weaknesses in Universal Credit, mitigate as far as possible the impact of UK government welfare cuts and abolish the 'bedroom tax'.
CIH Scotland said the legislative programme "acknowledges the positive role that housing has to play in promoting social justice, good health and improving our environment".
Ashley Campbell, policy and practice officer, said: "We note that the government aims to surpass its target of developing 30,000 affordable homes over the lifetime of the Parliament – each one of these homes represents a step towards meeting housing need across Scotland. The Help to Buy (Scotland) scheme has the potential to support people into home ownership as well as boosting the construction industry – we welcome the commitment to provide additional funding with a focus on affordable home ownership next year.
"However, while we welcome these successes, we know that we need to do more. Building the number of new homes we need to house Scotland's growing population will not be an easy task. It will require coordinated efforts from partners across the housing sector, local and national government and the private sector as well as significant reform to land and planning systems. It is a challenge that we must embrace together.
"The forthcoming Private Tenancies Bill represents an opportunity to increase standards in a rapidly-expanding sector which now houses over 300,000 households in Scotland and we look forward to working through the details. The introduction of measures to regulate letting agencies operating in Scotland also provides an opportunity to increase professional standards and improve the experiences of private renters. However, we would also welcome greater commitment from the government to support private landlords and letting agents in becoming more professional, bringing homes up to standard and creating a sector that is truly an attractive option for people looking for a place to call home.
"We welcome the proposals to make use of new powers devolved through the Scotland Bill to improve the delivery of social security in Scotland. We have been engaged in discussions throughout the process of the Smith Commission, the draft legislation and now exploring the possibilities of how these powers can be used in practice."
Home building industry body Homes for Scotland welcomed the "root and branch review" of the planning system and was encouraged by the Help to Buy successor scheme announcement.
Chief executive Philip Hogg said: "A 'root and branch review' of the planning system is much needed if we are to be able to build the many thousands of homes Scotland requires so this is very welcome news, particularly given the focus on increasing delivery of high quality housing developments.
"Given the significant impact of the current Help to Buy (Scotland) shared equity scheme with regards employment, investment and wider community benefits as well as boosting housing completions, we are also encouraged by the commitment of £195m to support a successor scheme over the next three years.
"Whilst the new scheme has a smaller budget in comparison to the £305m for Help to Buy (Scotland), we hope it will help provide further confidence to both consumers and builders but await further detail on criteria and accessibility before being able to assess its likely impact."
Graeme Brown, director of Shelter Scotland, described the PRS bill as "a very positive step".
He said: "It is good news for tenants, landlords and letting agents alike. We look forward to seeing the bill in more detail, the timescales for implementing these changes and how they will work in practice.
"The private rented sector is now home to 330,000 households across Scotland, including around 85,000 families with children. The changes included in the bill will begin the process of reforming the private rented sector and making it more modern, stable, flexible, predictable and fairer for everyone that calls it home."
Related - Rent control plans 'threaten Scotland's burgeoning PRS market'
Responding to the announcement on rent controls, Harriet Protheroe-Davis from the Living Rent Campaign, said: "This is a big victory for tenants and for the Living Rent Campaign. It is absolutely right that the upcoming bill will strengthen the rights and protections for tenants, as well as including provisions for the introduction of rent controls in high-pressure areas.
"It is important that the model of rent controls fully addresses the problems in rented housing, and we will continue to campaign to ensure that it does, but today's announcement shows that the Scottish Government has listened to the thousands of people who have backed the Living Rent Campaign's calls for rent controls and better protections.
"Rents are becoming increasingly unaffordable, and if we are serious about tackling poverty in the private rented sector, rent controls are a must."
Jon Sparkes, chief executive of Crisis, said the announcements on tenancy reform show Scotland is "once again taking a lead in putting groundbreaking measures in place to protect people from the devastation of homelessness".
He added: "With the private rented sector continuing to grow – and the ending of an assured shorthold tenancy now the leading cause of homelessness across the UK – it is particularly encouraging that greater protection for tenants is at the heart of the Scottish Government's housing plans through the removal of the 'no fault' ground for eviction.
"It is also pleasing to see acknowledgement of the challenge posed by high rents in some areas of Scotland, which can put secure housing out of reach for many. These areas badly need more affordable homes to prevent the housing crisis escalating further. The UK government should also mirror the policy intent behind today's announcement on devolved welfare powers and reconsider cuts to housing benefit – ensuring financial support genuinely reflects the needs of those struggling to make ends meet."
Sarah Speirs, director of RICS Scotland, said: "The extension of Help To Buy with an additional £195m over the next three years, further stimulates demand while failing to address the critical issue of housing supply. RICS welcomes the Scottish Government's continuing investment in affordable homes, however, we suggest the target of 30,000 to be delivered by the end of this parliament will need to be increased and expanded, with further investment required to grow supply across all tenures. The Rural housing fund will benefit remote and sparse communities, where small numbers of extra homes make a huge difference to the rural economy and agricultural workforce.
"It is always important to consider all options which could potentially expand the supply of private rented homes in Scotland and to explore routes which might make a positive impact on the sector and drive up property standards. However, RICS is concerned that yet more government intervention in the PRS market has the potential to unsettle institutional investment, at a time when its contribution to provide much needed supply, is vital. Indeed, legislation 'creep' has a significant, and negative, impact on consistency which, in turn, damages the investor confidence required for a well-functioning market.
"Whilst the proposal for rent controls currently lacks detail, we urge the Scottish Government to err on the side of caution in taking the proposal forward. If rent control is implemented incorrectly, for example the setting of rents below market rent without any balancing concessions for landlords, this could result in a catastrophic impact on PRS supply.
"Furthermore, whilst longer tenancies will provide more security for individuals renting privately, the mandatory extension of tenancies may have a detrimental effect on the number of properties coming onto the rental market. RICS welcomes steps allowing landlords to terminate lease agreements on specific grounds, including breach of tenancy and to sell the property."
Tags: bedroom tax, CIH Scotland, Crisis, Living Rent, Private Housing (Tenancies) (Scotland) Act, PRS, Rent Pressure Zones, RICS Scotland, Shelter Scotland, welfare
Port of Leith Housing Association chief executive to retire next year Rapid Rehousing funding increased by £9m GHA breathes life into Glasgow stables as first tenants move into new flats


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Barack Obama Regrets His Answer On Abortion Issue?
September 8, 2008 September 8, 2008 by admin
Barack Obama has admitted that he would probably feel too flip after he said it was "above my pay grade" to answer a question about when is a baby entitled to human rights.
The Democratic presidential candidate gave his answer last month during a nationally televised religious forum, which was sponsored by minister Rick Warren.
When asked if he considered the "above my pay grade" answer was too flip, Barack Obama revealed: "Probably. …What I intended to say is that, as a Christian, I have a lot of humility about understanding when does the soul enter into … It's a pretty tough question."
The presidential hopeful explained: "All I meant to communicate was that I don't presume to be able to answer these kinds of theological questions.
In a separate interview, the answer to a similar question came easier for Barack Obama's vice presidential candidate, Sen. Joe Biden.
As a Roman Catholic, Joe Biden revealed that he accepts his church's teachings that life begins at conception, but that the issue is personal for him.
The vice presidential candidate also think that it wouldn't be right to impose his views on others who are just as religious as he is, adding: "I'm prepared as a matter of faith to accept that life begins at the moment of conception. But that is my judgment. For me to impose that judgment on everyone else who is equally and maybe even more devout than I am seems to me is inappropriate in a pluralistic society."
Categories Other Celebrities Tags abortion, Barack Obama, Biden, candidate, Democratic, human, issue, Joe Biden, presidential, right Post navigation
Britney Spears Finally Won Three VMA's
Miley Cyrus' Car Accident Is Just Internet Hoax

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Where's your favourite haunt for lunch time food? Well, for me and my lunch colleagues, we have this few lunch spots we patronize daily on a regular basis. Today, I'm going to do a short write up on this particular lunch spot in Taman Melawati.
Tiam Fatt Restaurant is located in Taman Melawati which is around roughly 15mins drive away from my company. It's a rather cozy little place, with air conditioning and your regular tables and seats. The food here ranges from curry chicken rice, to Hokkien mee, Wat Tan Hor, Ngau Yok Hor and ala carte vegetable, meat and seafood dishes. Just outside the restaurant, they sell chao zhou yee mee and the pan mee. The other 2 stalls outside the restaurant sells the best yam cake and char kuay teow in town.
Anyway, the dish I ordered yesterday lunch break was this Char Kuey Teow. The owner was from Penang, so the dish he serves up is as close to the real thing in Penang, except for afew differences here and there. For example the kuey teow is slightly wetter than Penang fried kuey teow. It tastes great though! I would recommend anybody dining there to try this sinful dish. But be warned it is rather oily.
For those who are into Foursquare, you can check into Tiam Fatt Restaurant when you're here as well.


text:
WARR – We Are Regal Radio
Est. 2013 On the South Side of Chicago
Meet The WARR Crew
Regal Radio Wants You!!!
Regal Radio: A Mission Statement
MLB: South Siders Installing New Hope In Once Lost Fan
July 21, 2020 · by weareregalradio	· in Baseball, Chicago, Chicago White Sox, Current Events, MLB, Sports.	·
By Drew Stevens (@lookwhatdrewdid)
As far as sports is concerned, my first love was baseball.
But by the summer of 1994, with the Chicago Bulls not far removed from winning their third-straight championship and with the owners of Major League Baseball declaring a strike on their players which ended that season in its tracks, I was not lacking any further justification for abandoning my first love and falling for the National Basketball Association.
So off-putting was it for me, an 11-year-old Chicago White Sox fan who couldn't wait for the "Good Guys who wore black" to avenge their 1993 American League Championship Series loss to the eventual World Series Champion Toronto Blue Jays (compiling an American League Central-leading 67-46 record at the time of the strike), that my affection could not be recaptured even as the team that still plays a Steve Stone's throw away from my childhood bedroom window earned World Series glory in 2005.
Flash forward to the present and, ironically enough, the harsh reality of another abbreviated season — this one as a result of a global pandemic, not a financial impasse between owners and players — that once again has my eyes wandering back toward the game my late father and I spent hours together watching.
If stability was needed to draw me back into baseball, this season wouldn't be very appealing at all.
There won't be any games played North of the border due to Canada's valid fear of American Covid cooties. Fans won't even be given the chance to ignore social distancing practices at the parks because they're effectively banned as no major United States municipality can say its out of the woods regarding Coronovirus cases.
Also, quite a few boldface names are saying "nope" to the 60-game stretch to salvage 2020, among them is the promising young White Sox pitcher Michael Kopech who likely chose to opt-out of playing amid his personal Coronavirus safety concerns. There's a good chance this already offbeat campaign will get kookier once the first-ever late July Opening Day commences Thursday, it'll be a season that bears quite a different appearance from what anyone of us — be they a diehard seamhead or someone returning from a decades-long break — have ever been accustomed to.
Though three-months behind schedule, this regular season is no-less chockful of juicy storylines and potential plot twists, including how will managers grapple with the frenetic pace of their respective teams playing 60 ballgames in 67 days without much cushion for error if a postseason berth is to be secured. Or, how the first couple of weeks of play could cause a playoff contender to plunge toward the bottom of the standings and the unlikeliest of teams to be flung ahead of its division or just where exactly will the Toronto Blue Jays play their "home" games after the Canadian federal government rejected a plan that would have allowed them to continue to use their home Rogers Centre?
For this now 37-year-old who still seeks reconciliation with the team for whom his former idol, Robin Ventura, once played and managed, the crux of this season will be watching the White Sox expectant maturation from an also-ran with over a decade-long postseason drought to a legitimate American League Central contender. My renewed interest in the South Siders seems apropos given their combination of lively personalities — from the likes of Tim Anderson to veterans just arriving (Edwin Encarnacion) and well-established on the South Side (Jose Abreu) melding with compelling young talent like Eloy Jimenez and Luis Robert.
Considering his continued growth it wouldn't be far-fetched to peg Anderson as an AL Most Valuable Player candidate. Still, the gregarious shortstop who boasted a major league-best batting average a season ago wasn't even the best player, statistically speaking, on the team in 2019. That honor belonged to third baseman Yoan Moncada, who after a period of uncertainty rejoined the Sox last week after testing positive for the Coronavirus.
Supplying even more muscle to the heart of their lineup is arguably the best catcher in baseball in Yasmani Grandal, who was acquired via free agency in November, a move that signaled the Sox overdue establishment as a welcome destination for talent on the open market.
The previously mentioned Robert has put on a show during summer camp scrimmages and the recent exhibitions with the Cubs, splendidly slapping pitches around Guaranteed Rate Field and drawing early comparisons to Los Angeles Angels five-tool stud Mike Trout from Jimenez.
Its looking like the South Siders could have a surplus in offensive firepower and that's not even factoring in a possibly revamped starting pitching rotation headed by Cy Young hopeful Lucas Giolito and solidified with the additions of ultra-experienced hurlers Dallas Keuchel and Gio Gonzalez.
The White Sox have as good a reason as any team in baseball to carry forth into the uncharted territory of the 2020 season with optimism. Hell, they've already won back this fan's favor and they've made it count.
Drew Stevens is a writer based in Chicago
Tags: 1994, 2020 season, AL Central, American League, Baseball, Chicago White Sox, coronavirus, covid-19, Eloy Jiménez, Guaranteed Rate Field, Luis Robert, Major League Baseball, MLB, shortened season, South Siders, strike, Tim Anderson, Yasmani Grandal, Yoan Moncada
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The Apache Server is a popular web server used in production environments. An instance of Apache Server is installed on your Mac by MAMP PRO. Information on configuring your MAMP PRO Apache Server installation can be found here.
Check to the Apache Server in the GroupStart. When activated Apache will automatically start/stop when the Servers button is pressed.
The Apache Web Server installed by MAMP PRO comes with many modules pre-installed.
The web server modules can be activated or deactivated depending on your needs. Module Description provides information pertaining to features and functions of the selected module.
To enable the PHP scripting language you must activate the php_module, if you want to use Python you need mod_wsgi module, Perl needs perl_module. In order to switch to CGI mode and use multiple PHP versions you must activate cgi_module.
Errors occurring during execution of the Apache server will be saved in this log file.


text:
#include <iostream>
#include "../headers/date.h"
#include "../headers/date_exceptions.h"

/**
Comparison operators
*/

bool Date::operator==(const Date &Ref) {
    return mDay == Ref.mDay && mMonth == Ref.mMonth && mYear == Ref.mYear && mDayOfWeek == Ref.mDayOfWeek;
}

bool Date::operator!=(const Date &Ref) {
    return !(*this == Ref);
}

///True if LHS is before RHS, else false (equal is false)
bool Date::operator<(const Date &Ref) {
    if (mYear == Ref.mYear) {
        if (mMonth == Ref.mMonth) {
            return mDay < Ref.mDay; //year, month the same, see which day came first
        }
        return mMonth < Ref.mMonth; //year same, months not, so result is first month
    }
    return mYear < Ref.mYear; //if years not equal result is which year came first
}

bool Date::operator<=(const Date &Ref) {
    return *this < Ref || *this == Ref;
}

bool Date::operator>(const Date &Ref) {
    return !(*this <= Ref);
}

bool Date::operator>=(const Date &Ref) {
    return !(*this < Ref);
}

/**
Operators that change the Date's values
*/

Date Date::operator++(int) {
    try {
        if (mDay == getDaysInCurrentMonth()) //new month
        {
            setDay(1);
            if (mMonth == 12) //new year
            {
                setMonth(1);
                setYear(mYear + 1);
            } else {
                setMonth(mMonth + 1);
            }
        } else {
            setDay(mDay + 1);
        }
        if (mDayOfWeek == DayOfWeek::SUNDAY) //end of week is sunday
        {
            setDayType(DayOfWeek::SUNDAY);
        } else if (mDayOfWeek != DayOfWeek::NOT_SET) //don't increment for a day type that was never set
        {
            setDayType(intToDayOfWeek(dayOfWeekToInt(mDayOfWeek) + 1));
        }
    }
    catch (BadDateInputException &e) {
        //current implementation already has checks for proper values, but in case implementation changes in the future have a catch and a notifying message
        std::cout << e.what() << std::endl;
    }
    return *this;
}

Date Date::operator++() {
    return (*this)++; //pre and post are the same
}

Date Date::operator--(int) {
    try {
        if (mDay == 1 && mMonth == 1) //go to Dec 31 of previous year
        {
            setYear(mYear - 1);
            setMonth(12);
            setDay(31);
        } else //don't need to change year
        {
            if (mDay == 1) //go to last day of previous month
            {
                setMonth(mMonth - 1);
                setDay(getDaysInCurrentMonth()); //day is last of the new month
            } else //don't need to change month
            {
                setDay(mDay - 1);
            }
        }
        if (mDayOfWeek == DayOfWeek::MONDAY) //monday, go to sunday
        {
            setDayType(DayOfWeek::SUNDAY);
        } else if (mDayOfWeek != DayOfWeek::NOT_SET) //don't decrement day type when there is no type
        {
            setDayType(intToDayOfWeek(dayOfWeekToInt(mDayOfWeek) - 1));
        }
    }
    catch (BadDateInputException &e) {
        //current implementation already has checks for proper values, but in case implementation changes in the future have a catch and a notifying message
        std::cout << e.what() << std::endl;
    }
    return *this;
}

Date Date::operator--() {
    return (*this)--; //pre and post are the same
}

Date Date::operator+=(int n) {
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        (*this)++;
    }
    return *this;
}

Date Date::operator-=(int n) {
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        (*this)--;
    }
    return *this;
}

Date &Date::operator=(const Date &Ref) {
    this->setDay(Ref.mDay);
    this->setDayType(Ref.mDayOfWeek);
    this->setMonth(Ref.mMonth);
    this->setYear(Ref.mYear);
    return *this;
}

Date &Date::operator=(Date &&Ref) noexcept {
    this->setDay(Ref.mDay);
    this->setMonth(Ref.mMonth);
    this->setYear(Ref.mYear);
    this->setDayType(Ref.mDayOfWeek);

    Ref.setDayType(DayOfWeek::NOT_SET);
    Ref.setDay(DEFAULT_DAY);
    Ref.setMonth(DEFAULT_MONTH);
    Ref.setYear(DEFAULT_YEAR);
    return *this;
}

/**
Stream operators
*/

std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &output, Date &Ref) {
    output << Ref.toString();
    return output;
}

std::istream &operator>>(std::istream &input, Date &Ref) {
    int day, month, year, dayOfWeekInt;
    input >> day >> month >> year >> dayOfWeekInt;

    DayOfWeek dayOfWeek = Date::intToDayOfWeek(dayOfWeekInt);

    try {
        Ref.setYear(year);
    }
    catch (BadYearException &y) {
        std::cout << y.what() << " default year of " << DEFAULT_YEAR << " was used" << std::endl;
        Ref.setYear(DEFAULT_YEAR);
    }
    try {
        Ref.setMonth(month);
    }
    catch (BadMonthException &m) {
        std::cout << m.what() << " default month of " << DEFAULT_MONTH << " was used" << std::endl;
        Ref.setMonth(DEFAULT_MONTH);
    }
    try {
        Ref.setDay(day);
    }
    catch (BadDayException &d) {
        std::cout << d.what() << " default day of " << DEFAULT_DAY << " was used" << std::endl;
        Ref.setDay(DEFAULT_DAY);
    }
    try {
        Ref.setDayType(dayOfWeek);
    }
    catch (BadDayTypeException &t) {
        std::cout << t.what() << " default day type of none was used" << std::endl;
        Ref.setDayType(DayOfWeek::NOT_SET);
    }
    return input;
}

DayOfWeek Date::intToDayOfWeek(int day) {
    switch (day) {
        case 1:
            return DayOfWeek::MONDAY;
        case 2:
            return DayOfWeek::TUESDAY;
        case 3:
            return DayOfWeek::WEDNESDAY;
        case 4:
            return DayOfWeek::THURSDAY;
        case 5:
            return DayOfWeek::FRIDAY;
        case 6:
            return DayOfWeek::SATURDAY;
        case 7:
            return DayOfWeek::SUNDAY;
        default:
            return DayOfWeek::NOT_SET;
    }
}

int Date::dayOfWeekToInt(DayOfWeek dayOfWeek) {
    switch (dayOfWeek) {
        case DayOfWeek::MONDAY:
            return 1;
        case DayOfWeek::TUESDAY:
            return 2;
        case DayOfWeek::WEDNESDAY:
            return 3;
        case DayOfWeek::THURSDAY:
            return 4;
        case DayOfWeek::FRIDAY:
            return 5;
        case DayOfWeek::SATURDAY:
            return 6;
        case DayOfWeek::SUNDAY:
            return 7;
        default:
            return -1;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
HomeBYGONES1986: Russian Titanic 'Nakhimov' sinks – worst accident in Soviet maritime history
1986: Russian Titanic 'Nakhimov' sinks – worst accident in Soviet maritime history
On this day in 1986, the Admiral Nakhimov collided with the large bulk carrier Pyotr Vasev in the Tsemes Bay, near the port of Novorossiysk, and quickly sank. In total, 423 of the 1,234 people on board died.
Some passengers aboard the doomed Soviet liner were dancing on deck before its bowels were ripped open by the cargo ship and it sank inside 15 minutes.
The ship was 570 feet long with four decks and described as a passenger and general cargo vessel. The sinking of the Admiral Nakhimov was the second disaster involving a Soviet passenger ship during 1986. On February 16, the Soviet cruise ship Mikhail Lermontov struck a reef off the coast of New Zealand and sank.
The Nakhimov was launched in March 1925 and originally named SS Berlin, was a passenger liner of the German Weimar Republic later converted to a hospital ship, then a Soviet passenger ship.
1939: Nazi Germany mount false flag attack at Gleiwitz radio
1997: Princess Diana killed in Paris car crash


My name is Elan Martin and I began my real estate career in May of 2005. As a result of hard work and dedication to the real estate profession, I became the 2009 Top Producer for Exit Realty Chesapeake Bay. I specialize in Residential Home Sales in Cecil, and Harford County MD, as well as New Castle County, DE. Iserve the following towns: Elkton, Chesapeake City, Earleville, Cecilton, North East, Charlestown, Perryville, Port Deposit, Rising Sun, Middletown, Newark and surrounding areas.
There are so many factors involved in buying or selling a home. My goal is to make sure my clients thoroughly understand the home buying and selling process, while providing exceptional service throughout the transaction. There are quite a few Realtors to choose from in the County, but what sets me apart from the rest, is my dedication to providing unsurpassed customer service.


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Home Good Balita Quezon City barangay collects computers, appliances e-waste for recycling
Quezon City barangay collects computers, appliances e-waste for recycling
Aurora Quadra-Balibay
Residents of Barangay West Triangle in Quezon City bring their broken or discarded electrical and electronic equipment, commonly known as e-waste, at a collection event organized by the barangay council to promote awareness on how to protect public health and the environment against harmful chemicals in electronic waste. Credits to EcoWaste Coalition.
Barangay West Triangle in Quezon City is showing how communities can help the environment as it conducted a collection campaign for broken or discarded electrical and electronic equipment that can be sent off for recycling.
The barangay asked residents to bring their TV sets with plastic casings and cathode ray tubes (CRTs), computers, laptops, appliances and assorted e-gadgets such as cellphones and tablets to the barangay hall premises on November 16 and sent off the collected e-waste for proper disposal.
After documenting the items received, the e-waste collected will be sent to the Integrated Recycling Industries. Inc., a government-accredited facility, in Laguna for proper management.
"We have embarked on this timely activity to assist our constituents in managing their e-waste in a way that will not pollute our surroundings and endanger people's health," said Elmer Timothy Ligon, Chairperson, Barangay West Triangle.
The Quezon City barangay held the event in partnership with the Department of Environment and Natural Resources – Environmental Management Bureau (DENR-EMB) and funded by the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO).
"This effort, undertaken with assistance from the DENR-EMB and the EcoWaste Coalition, hopes to instill among our residents that we could not simply throw e-waste in the regular trash bin because of the many hazardous chemicals they contain," Ligon added.
Ka Timmy also said the project is in line with Republic Act 9003 or the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act and the Quezon City Environment Code which requires e-waste to be separated from domestic waste or the refuse generated by a household.
Earlier this year, EcoWaste Coalition identified Barangay 176 in Bagong Silang, Caloocan City as the pilot area of a new e-waste facility that will support recyclers of electrical or electronic devices discards or e-waste.
The Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas had also conducted an e-waste disposal campaign among its employees.
SEND congratulations to Barangay West Triangle in Quezon City for its initiative to involve the community in the proper disposal of e-waste.
Like, Follow, Subscribe to GoodNewsPilipinas.com Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Good News Pilipinas! TV on YouTube, new story notifications and e-mail newsletters for updates on more Filipino Pride stories.
Angie is a self-confessed reformed news critic who vows she has finally found infinite value in delivering the good news. She teaches students of all ages how to make the important interesting for audiences across media platforms.
Giant 500 years solar logo signals 100 days countdown to Victory at Mactan anniversary
Filipinos challenged to proclaim heroism as Spanish warship arrives to mark Magellan's voyage
FREE magazine on media literacy helps Filipino youth avoid misinformation
Margo Hannah De Guzman Quadra - January 15, 2021
Pinoy alternative rock band Mayonnaise's song "박채영" or "Park Chaeyoung" named after the BlackPink girl group member Rosé was featured on the Seoul Broadcasting System (SBS) show "Morning Wide" in South Korea.
Filipino photographer Jophel Ybiosa harvests 50 awards for the Philippines


Mark your calendar for the next World Cancer Congress, which will be taking place from 19-22 October 2020 in Oman.
The 2020 World Cancer Congress will be hosted by the Oman Cancer Association, in collaboration with the National Oncology Centre Royal Hospital Muscat.
We look forward to seeing you in Oman!


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Q: Linux scheduled task not working in Laravel The below cronjob is not working, although the task itself is working when I manually run it using php artisan q:calc .
I just added the path for php and artisan files as shown below, and pasted the command in the terminal.
Am I missing something ?
* * * * * /usr/bin/php /var/www/html/sharp/artisan schedule:run >> /dev/null 2>&1

A: That command is a cron entry, not something you run in terminal.
For example, under the specific user you would run (depending on your environment):
$ crontab -e

And paste the above to the crontab file.
You can learn more in the docs:
https://laravel.com/docs/master/scheduling
Or by researching how to add cron entries for your specific operating system.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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[USC10] 26 USC 168: Accelerated cost recovery system – §168. accelerated cost recovery system (a) General rule. Except as otherwise provided in this section, the depreciation deduction provided by section 167(a).
Builder Spec Home Financing America Isn't Building Enough New Housing – Aggressive homebuilders were wiped out, and the survivors are cautious about working on spec. Smaller builders that rely on borrowing can't supercharge construction, even if they want to, because.


The Sprague Democratic Town Committee would like to thank The Norwich Bulletin for giving our town's two candidates for first selectman a chance to present their reasons for seeking election.
We respect Mr. Sims' intention to bring business to Sprague, but we believe that First Selectman Cathy Osten's impressive list of accomplishments indicates her exceptional ability to do what Mr. Sims says he would like to do.
Susan Zimmerman is Sprague's Democratic Town Committee campaign coordinator.


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text:
HEAT EXCHANGER USING CORRUGATED SHEETS
United States Patent Application 20090294109
In an MVR evaporator, a heat exchanger core comprises several condensing units. Each unit comprises front and back corrugated sheets, arranged trough-to-trough. The units are arranged side-by-side, in peak-to-trough configuration, creating sinuous passageways between the units. Steam is fed into the units through port-pipes, and the units are physically supported via the port-pipes from steam manifolds.
Forstmanis, Talivaldis (Kitchener, CA)
Primary Class:
F28F13/00
View Patent Images:
Download PDF 20090294109
Related US Applications:
20090050294 Evaporation-enhanced thermal management devices, systems, and methods of heat management February, 2009 Fedorov
20010003310 FLAT TUBE EVAPORATOR WITH VERTICAL FLAT TUBES FOR MOTOR VEHICLES June, 2001 Haussmann
20080277092 Water cooling system and heat transfer system November, 2008 Layman et al.
20080149315 Tube spacer, method of manufacturing the same, and heat exchanger June, 2008 Hata et al.
20090107651 HEAT EXCHANGER FOR MOTORIZED TRANSPORT, AND MOTORIZED TRANSPORT INCORPORATING A HEAT EXCHANGER April, 2009 Meuzelaar
20080173437 FOG DETECTION ERROR PROTECTION FOR WINDOW FOG CONTROL July, 2008 Yelles
20050028965 Combined structure of a thermal chamber and a thermal tower February, 2005 Chen
20080190108 Exhaust Gas Turbocharger Internal Combustion Engine August, 2008 Eitel et al.
20070187079 Baffle structure improving heat transfer efficiency of reactor or heat exchanger August, 2007 Shin et al.
20090308586 COOLING SEMICONDUCTOR-BASED DEVICES ARRANGED IN A GREENHOUSE December, 2009 Juslen
20090130442 Expanded Graphite and Process for Producing the Expanded Graphite May, 2009 Christ et al.
Primary Examiner:
MANOHARAN, VIRGINIA
ANTHONY ASQUITH (WATERLOO, ON, CA)
1. Heat exchanger apparatus, wherein: the apparatus includes several heat transfer units, and in respect of each unit: the unit includes front and back corrugated sheets, which are fastened together in a trough-to-trough configuration; the unit includes sheet-spacers, and the sheet-spacers hold adjacent corrugation troughs of the front and back corrugated sheets in a spaced-apart relationship, a distance D1 apart; the unit includes peripheral seals, which straddle sealingly between the spaced-apart sheets, thereby creating a sealed and enclosed interior space between the sheets and between the seals; the unit includes inlet and outlet ports, through which fluid can be introduced into, and discharged from, the interior space; the several heat-transfer units are arranged side by side, and form a core of the heat exchanger apparatus; the apparatus includes a support, in which the several units of the core are mounted, and the support is structured to so mount adjacent heat-transfer units, in the core, that: the front sheet F-U1 of one of the heat transfer units U1 faces the back sheet B-U2 of the next adjacent unit U2; the said front and back sheets F-U1 and B-U2 face each other in a peak-to-trough configuration; the support includes unit-spacers, and the unit-spacers hold the units U1 and U2 in spaced-apart relationship, a distance D2 apart; the distance D2 between the sheets F-U1 and B-U2 is large enough to create and define a passageway between those sheets, which is large enough to enable fluid to pass between those sheets; the distance D2 is small enough that fluid, in passing through the passageway between the units U1 and U2, and in encountering the peaks and troughs of the sheets F-U1 and B-U2, is forced by such encounters to undergo respective substantial changes of direction; whereby the passageway created between adjacent heat-transfer units can be characterized as sinuous.
2. As in claim 1, wherein the arrangement of the apparatus is such that fluid passing through the sinuous passageway encounters at least three peaks each of the corrugated sheets F-U1 and B-U2, being at least six peaks in aggregate.
3. As in claim 1, wherein: in respect of a path-line that traces the shortest path that fluid can take in passing through the passageway; the path-line passes from a peak P1-F-U1 of the sheet F-U1 to a peak P1-B-U2 of the sheet B-U2, and then to a peak P2-F-U1 of the sheet F-U1, and then to a peak P2-B-U2 of the sheet B-U2, and so on; the portion of the path-line joining peak P1-F-U1 to peak P1-B-U2 lies at an angle A to the portion of the path-line joining peak P1-B-U2 to peak P2-F-U1; the angle A is no more than about 150 degrees.
4. As in claim 1, wherein: the corrugations of sheet F-U1 are of the same pitch and the same peak-to-trough height, being PTH centimetres, as the corrugations of sheet B-U2; the distance D2 between the sheets F-U1 and B-U2 is smaller than the height PTH, whereby the peaks of sheet F-U1 overlap the peaks of the sheet B-U2; and preferably D2 is about one-half of PTH.
5. As in claim 1, wherein the sheet-spacers that hold the sheets the distance D1 apart in the unit include spacer-strips of thickness D1, fasteners go through them, at the troughs, clamp sheets onto spacer-strips.
6. As in claim 1, wherein: the peripheral seals include left and right masses of filler-sealant; and each mass straddles between the front and back sheets.
8. As in claim 1, wherein the inlet and outlet ports of the unit comprise respective inlet and outlet port-pipes.
9. As in claim 8, wherein the port-pipes are embedded in the filler-sealant.
10. As in claim 1, wherein: the apparatus includes an inlet manifold; the inlet manifold is formed with pipe-holes, the walls of which are suitably sized to receive the port-pipes of the several units; the walls of the pipe-holes in the inlet manifold are so positioned relatively that, when the port-pipes of the several heat transfer units are received therein, the walls of the pipe-holes constrain the port-pipes of one unit against movement towards and away from the other units; whereby the walls of the pipe-holes of the inlet manifold serve as the said unit-spacers.
11. As in claim 10, wherein the walls of the pipe-holes in the inlet-manifold are so positioned relatively as to support the several units, the port-pipes of which are received therein, in the said peak-to-trough configuration.
12. As in claim 1, wherein: the HE apparatus is a component of an evaporator; in the evaporator, incoming water containing a dissolved contaminant at a dilute contamination is evaporated, whereby, in the outgoing final water, the contaminant is more concentrated; the arrangement of the evaporator is such that, in use, steam entering the inlet ports of the units is condensed upon passing through the units, and water passing through the passageways is evaporated.
12. As in claim 1, wherein: the evaporator is an MVR evaporator; the evaporator includes a chamber, in respect of which: the contaminated water is circulated through the sinuous passageways; steam is drawn, and compressed, and then fed into the inlet ports of the heat transfer units.
This invention relates to heat exchangers, and to a cost-effective manner of construction thereof.
BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION
The invention will be described herein mainly as it applies to evaporators. Evaporators are used in the treatment of industrial wastewaters, in that water is evaporated from the in-stream of wastewater, thereby concentrating the contaminant in the final-water out-stream. Evaporators are used when the savings in disposal costs more than outweigh the costs of evaporation.
The invention is especially applicable to mechanical vapour recompression (MVR) evaporators. Typically, in an MVR evaporator, water and steam are present together in a state of pressure-temperature equilibrium, at a pressure below atmospheric, in a vacuum chamber of a container vessel. Steam is extracted from the vacuum chamber, and is compressed in such manner that the mechanical energy of compression serves to raise the temperature, as well as the pressure, of the steam. The now-hotter steam passes through a condenser, in which it is condensed into liquid water. The condensate is collected and conveyed away.
The liquid water from the vacuum chamber serves as the coolant in the condenser, i.e as the coolant that is used to condense the (hot, compressed) steam. The coolant is, of course, heated by its passage through the condenser, and some of the liquid water turns into steam. In fact, in equilibrium, the liquid water coolant, as it passes through the condenser, turns into steam at the same rate at which steam is extracted from the vacuum chamber to be compressed.
An MVR evaporator typically is used in the cleanup of wastewater from industrial processes. Depending upon the temperature at which the wastewater is received, the wastewater might have to be pre-heated, but basically, the MVR evaporator requires the the energy input (i.e the energy needed to operate the evaporator) be only in the form of mechanical energy. That is to say, the steam is heated by being compressed, rather than by direct heating.
The MVR process is, or can be, efficient, easy to control, and economical. The collected condensate is basically distilled water, a by-product which can be useful in various industrial processes.
A component of the MVR evaporator is the condenser. Here, heat is extracted from the compressed and heated steam at a sufficient rate to condense the steam. The steam is only a few degrees hotter than the coolant liquid water. The heat transfer relies on utilizing the latent heat of water, rather than on utilizing a large temperature differential. As such, the heat exchanger (HE) that is the condenser should be thermally efficient. Also, the HE should be mechanically robust, in that the HE needs to be designed to handle through-flows of fluids at higher rates than is usual in other traditional HE designs. Also, the HE should be easy to clean, because scaling can be a problem.
The design of HE that is the subject of this specification is aimed at combining those desiderata in a cost effective manner.
LIST OF THE DRAWINGS
The technology will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a sectioned side elevation of a condensing unit of a HE.
FIG. 1a is a (diagrammatic) end elevation of the condensing unit.
FIG. 2 is a pictorial view, partly cut away, of the condensing unit of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a HE that incorporates some condensing units. The HE is shown incorporated into an MVR evaporator.
FIG. 4 is a sectioned side elevation of part of the condensing unit shown in FIG. 3, with some associated components.
FIG. 5 is a pictorial diagrammatic view of some of the components of the MVR evaporator of FIG. 3
FIG. 6 is a diagram of a pair of condensing units, illustrating some of the nomenclature used herein.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
In FIGS. 1, 1a, 2, a heat transfer unit—in this case a condensing unit 20—is made up from front and back sheets 23F, 23B of corrugated material. In FIG. 1, the front sheet 23F has been removed. The corrugated sheets 23F, 23B are attached together, trough-to-trough, the troughs being held a small distance apart by spacer-strips 25. Fasteners 27 clamp the troughs of the two sheets together, onto the spacer-strips 25. The fasteners can be bolts, rivets, etc, as appropriate.
It is emphasized that the troughs of the corrugated sheets 23F, 23B do not actually make touching contact with each other, being held a distance D1 apart (FIG. 6) by the spacer-strips 25. Thus, in the areas between the spacer-strips 25, there is open space between the troughs, through which fluids can travel (i.e travel downwards) between the corrugated sheets.
Top and bottom of the sheets 23F, 23B, channel-strips 28 sealingly close off the longitudinal edges of the sheets. In use, the pressure inside the unit 20 is higher than the pressure outside, and the designers should see to it that the channel-strips 28 remain firmly attached to the sheets, despite the pressure differential.
At the left and right ends of the condensing unit 20, the space between the corrugated sheets 23F, 23B is filled with respective masses 29L, 29R of a sealant-filler. In FIG. 2, the lines 30 indicate the distance to which the sealant-filler penetrates into the spaces between the corrugated sheets. FIG. 1 also shows the extent to which the masses penetrate into the interior space between the sheets.
Embedded in the sealant mass 29L are two ports, the upper 32 being a steam-inlet port, and the lower 34 being a water-outlet port. The ports comprise respective short lengths of metal or plastic pipe. The port-pipes 32, 34 communicate with the interior space between the corrugated sheets. Apart from the ports, the interior space is completely sealed.
FIG. 3 shows a core of condensing units 20 that together make up the HE 36. It will be observed that, in FIG. 3, while the front and back corrugated sheets 23F, 23B of the individual condensing units 20 are assembled trough-to-trough, the units 20 are assembled to each other in peak-to-trough configuration. That is to say, the corrugations between adjacent units are—preferably exactly—out of phase with each other.
The individual condensing units are spaced from their adjacent neighbouring units, and it will be observed, again from FIG. 3, that assembling the condensing units 20 in peak-to-trough configuration creates sinuous passageways 38 between adjacent condensing units. These passageways, though sinuous, are of uniform horizontal width (dimension D2 in FIG. 6) along their vertical lengths.
Preferably, the corrugated sheets are regular, i.e all the peaks are pitched the same distances apart, and all the peaks and troughs are of the same amplitude. Preferably also, all the sheets used in the HE are of the same profile of regular corrugation. When that is so, the units do not need to be specially matched and aligned.
Each condensing unit 20 is a rigid structure, in itself. Preferably, the inlet and outlet ports of the unit are duplicated at the left and right ends of the condensing unit (as may be seen in FIG. 2). Then, the condensing unit can very readily support itself, simply as a result of the port-pipes 32, 34 being inserted into suitable apertures or pipe-holes located at the ends of the unit 20. Furthermore, the whole core of several condensing units can be supported on suitably-placed respective holes.
It is not essential that the condensing units 20 be supported on their port-pipes, although that is the preferred manner of support. The condensing units are easy to support, in that the units have many downwards-facing surfaces, which can engage, and rest on, e.g pegs carried in a suitable unit mounting means.
As will be understood from FIGS. 3, 4, 5, the condensing units 20 are supported on the pipe-holes 42 formed in left and right steam-inlet-manifolds 40L, 40R. Mechanically, the manifolds support all the condensing units, and hold the units in their correct relative positions. Thus, the steam-inlet manifolds do double duty: they also collect steam and feed it into the ports 32, and thence into the interior spaces of all the condensing units. Steam enters the steam-inlet-manifold 40L via a manifold inlet-pipe 41.
Left and right water-outlet-manifolds 43L, 43R also provide mechanical support from the condensing units 20, and serve to collect and convey liquid water out of the units. In FIGS. 3, 5, each condensing unit is provided with six steam-inlet ports 32 and two water-outlet ports 34 (steam occupying much more volume than water, of course).
FIG. 4 illustrates how the upper and lower manifolds 40L, 43L engage with the several condensing units 20, at the left end of the HE 36. The pipe-holes 42 are provided with seals 44, which seal the port-pipes 32, 34 with respect to the manifolds.
Once the several condensing units 20 have been assembled between the manifolds 40L, 43L and 40R, 43R, the manifolds are fastened to a cover 45. The cover 45 is formed from sheet metal, and is arranged to rest on a floor or platform 47 inside a chamber 49. The cover holds the manifolds in place, and the manifolds in turn brace the cover into its configuration as shown.
The cover 45 is basically open at the ends, and underneath, and is not airtight or watertight. A bracket 50 braces the sides of the cover 45, and holds them correctly spaced over its length. Of course, the designer should see to it that such brackets, between the sides of the cover 45, do not interfere with the HE core.
The cover 45 as shown is made of sheet material; however, the cover can alternatively be formed as a framework or skeleton. The floor 47 of the chamber 49 is open, i.e water can pass downwards, from the HE, through the floor.
The cover 45 is equipped with a number of spray-heads 52, suitably pitched in the roof portion of the cover. Water from the spray-heads passes down the sinuous passageways 38 between the condensing units 20. Thus, water from the spray-heads 52 makes vigorous contact with the outside surfaces of the corrugated sheets 23 of the condensing units.
As a result of the vigorous contact, heat is transferred from the steam inside the condensing units 20 into the down-flowing water. Consequently, the steam inside the units 20 condenses, and the water in the sinuous passageways 38 evaporates.
Generally, the designers will prefer that the water does not actually boil, when in contact with the corrugated sheets. Formation of physical bubbles on the metal surfaces would adversely affect heat transfer rates. Preferably, therefore, the water passing through the passageways 38 is collected and pumped back and rapidly re-circulated through the passageways, to keep bubble-formation to a minimum. Preferably, the circulation rate of the liquid water (as generated by the water-pump 58), measured as a flowrate of F kg/min, should be about five, or more, times the rate in kg/min at which the water evaporates.
FIG. 3 contains some exemplary values of the magnitudes of the pressure and temperature of the water as it passes through the MVR evaporator.
Contaminated water enters the evaporator through the entry-port 56. This water is typically received at a temperature of 65° C. (If the water is cold, it can be economical to pre-heat the water to this temperature.) The incoming dirty water is pumped (by water-pump 58) to the spray-heads 52. The sprayed water passes down through the sinuous passageways 38 between the condensing units 20, picking up heat from the steam inside the units.
Much of the falling water remains as liquid, and falls into the pool 60 of water resting on the bottom of the chamber 49. But some of the falling water evaporates, and passes into the upper areas of the chamber 49. The still-contaminated water collected in the pool is re-pumped back to the spray-heads 52, whereby the dirty water is circulated and re-circulated through the HE core, some of its water content being evaporated each pass.
The contaminant in the water does not evaporate. (The operators should be sure to keep the temperature inside the chamber below the temperature at which the contaminants might be volatile.) Therefore, the contaminant concentration in the water in the pool 60 is considerably stronger than in the incoming water in the entry-port 56.
The water in the pool 60 is discharged from the evaporator, through the concentrate-discharge port 65, as concentratedly-contaminated water, the disposal of which is more economical than the direct dispoal of the dilutely-contaminated water entering through the dirty-water entry-port 56.
Typically, the pressure inside the chamber 49 is maintained at about 0.3 bar (atmospheres), i.e well below atmospheric pressure. At this (low) pressure, water boils at 70° C. The steam inside the chamber 49, at a pressure of 0.3 bar and at a temperature that can be equated to 70° C., is drawn into a steam-blower 63. Here, its pressure is increased—in this example to about 0.6 bar. The compression produces an increase in temperature, in the steam—to about 80° C. in this example.
This steam, which is now at 80° C. and 0.6 bar, passes into the steam-inlet manifolds 40, and thence into the steam inlet ports 32 of the condensing units 20. Inside the condensing units 20, the steam condenses, and drips down into the lower regions of the units. The condensate water is drawn through the water-outlet ports 34, the water-outlet manifolds 43, and the manifold outlet-pipe 66, and is discharged from the evaporator via the condensate-discharge port 67.
The condensate water in the condensate-discharge port 67 is still hot, and its heat can be utilized for example to pre-heat the incoming dirty water (e.g in a suitable HE apparatus). The condensate water is more or less pure H2O, in which state it can be useful in many industrial processes.
As mentioned, it can be advantageous to thoroughly drench the HE core with the contaminated liquid water, and to circulate and recirculate the dirty water very vigorously through the HE. This vigorous drenching action of the water can be mechanically demanding on the structure of the HE.
Therefore, the structure of the core needs to be robust. In the designs as depicted herein, the individual condensing units, constructed as described, are remarkably strong and rigid, in themselves. That being so, all that is needed by way of mechanical support for the units is, basically, something for them to rest on; as a result, the supports are not required to contribute much by way of rigid structural support.
Another factor the designers should have in mind is that the spaces between the individual condensing units should be accurately maintained. It would not do for the sinuous passageway behind the unit to be wider than the one in front of the unit. The condensing units should be supported in such manner as to render the spacing between them uniform.
Another factor in the design of the support for the units is that, when the HE is dismantled (e.g for cleaning or de-scaling), the design should be such that the technicians can reassemble the units in exactly the same mutual spacing relationship with each other.
The support for the units as depicted herein, in which the units are supported from their port-pipe, and the port-pipes are simply inserted into holes in the manifolds, can provide the required ease of assembly and disassembly, and the required accuracy of positioning of the units.
If the several individual condensing units were so designed that they had to be, for example, bolted together for assembly, that would not be preferred, when compared with the illustrated designs, not least because removing and replacing many (threaded) fasteners is time consuming and labour intensive.
By contrast, the condensing units 20 do not have to be (and cannot be) dismantled, e.g for cleaning the interiors thereof. The more elaborate and non-dismantlable construction of the units, with their spacer-strips, many fasteners, and their filler-sealant masses, is acceptable because that construction can be done, and finished, on an in-factory basis.
The corrugated sheet-metal, from which the front and back walls of the condensing units are formed, serves as a thermal partition. The walls keep the fluids apart, but permit heat to pass between the fluids. As such, the walls should be of thin metal, for efficient heat transfer. A thickness of between about 0.3 and 1.0 millimetre is preferred. Even though the walls are thin, the shape and configuration of the units, as described, gives them sufficient stiffness and strength for the units to be highly suitable for performing the described functions.
Typically, the designers will prefer to use stainless steel for the metal components of the HE, as the presence of hot contaminated water can exacerbate corrosion problems.
Besides being very suitable for use in MVR evaporators, the heat exchanger as described herein is also suitable for use in other applications, especially where the fluids between which heat is exchanged both pass through gaseous and liquid phases.
The described HE is also efficient enough to be very suitable for use when the available temperature differentials are only a few degrees. Thus, the HE is very suitable for use with low-grade heat.
The sinuous passageways are effective in ensuring good heat transfer, in that movement of the water down the sinuous passageways serves to mix and stir the water very thoroughly, whereby any temperature differences and gradients, measured on a drop-to-drop basis, in the falling water, are quickly dissipated. Also, the falling water impinges vigorously the metal surfaces many times during travel through the passageways, which assists in heat transfer.
Regarding the seals around the periphery of the corrugated sheets 23, i.e the seals that define the perimeter of the interior space created between the sheets: of course, preferably, the seals should not leak. However, expensive leakproofing is not required, in that a small leakage is of little consequence, in that the leakage would be outwards, since the pressure inside the unit is higher than the pressure outside, so there would just be a leakage of steam and/or condensed water back into the chamber, and the condensate likely would not be subjected to contamination. In any case, it is generally an easy matter to make the seal complete.
The masses 29 of filler-sealant can be of injectable expanding foam, which sets solid. The port-pipes 32, 34 are first positioned between the front and back sheets, and then the foam is injected around them. The channel-strips 28 also are easy to seal, again simply being filled with expandable foam as they are assembled. The seals as described are robust enough to support fluid pressure inside the interior space 35 of the unit. The sealed condensing unit is permanent, in the sense that it is not dismantlable.
It is a simple matter to take the HE out of the chamber, for cleaning and de-scaling. The cover 45 is arranged simply to slide out of the chamber 49, over the open platform 47, with very little dismantling being required before that can be done. With the HE outside the chamber, it is a simple matter to separate the manifolds from the cover, and then the manifolds can simply be pulled off the left and right ends of the HE core. The individual condensing units can then be handled separately, for cleaning.
FIG. 6 shows two of the heat transfer units in their side-by-side peak-to-trough configuration, and illustrates some of the nomenclature used herein.
A peak viewed from one side of the sheet is, of course, a trough when viewed from the other side of the sheet. Herein, a peak is a peak when viewed from the outside of the heat-transfer (condensing) unit. Thus, in FIG. 1a, etc, the corrugated sheets are fastened together in a trough-to-trough configuration.
The sinuous passageway 38 preferably is sinuous enough that there is no straight path through which water could fall. In passing downwards, preferably the steam/water traverses, and changes direction at, at least six peaks—i.e three on each side of the passageway. In FIG. 3, for example, the falling water encounters (and changes direction at) fourteen peaks.
In FIG. 6, a path-line 69 traces the shortest path that fluid can take in passing through the passageway. The path-line 69 passes from a peak P1-F-U1 of the sheet F-U1 to a peak P1-B-U2 of the sheet B-U2, and then to a peak P2-F-U1 of the sheet F-U1, and then to a peak P2-B-U2 of the sheet B-U2, and so on. The portion of the path-line 69 joining peak P1-F-U1 to peak P1-B-U2 lies at an angle A to the portion of the path-line joining peak P1-B-U2 to peak P2-F-U1. Preferably, the angle A is no more than about 150 degrees.
The sinuousness of the passageway 38 may be expressed in another way. The peak-to-trough height of the corrugations, being PTH centimetres, preferably is larger than the distance D2 between the sheets F-U1 and B-U2, whereby the peaks of sheet F-U1 overlap the peaks of the sheet B-U2. This being so, steam/water cannot follow a straight path through the passageway. More preferably, the spacing D2 is about one-half of PTH.
The apparatuses as depicted include sheet-spacers, being the spacer-strips 25 as described, which hold the front and back sheets of the respective condensing units the distance D1 apart. Equally, the depicted apparatuses include unit-spacers, which hold the adjacent units the distance D2 apart. The unit-spacers are, in the drawings, provided by the pipe-holes of the manifolds, which receive the respective port-pipes of the several condensing units. The pipe-holes in the manifolds are so positioned, relative to each other, that the several units are thereby held firmly in the required side-by-side, peak-to-trough configuration.
The HE as shown is arranged horizontally, and that is preferred for convenience. Alternatively, the HE can be arranged to operate in other orientations.
Some of the components and features in the drawings have been given numerals with letter suffixes, which indicate front, back, etc, versions of the components. The numeral without the suffix is used herein to indicate the component generically.
Terms of orientation, such as "above", down", "left", and the like, when used herein are intended to be construed as follows. When the terms are applied to an apparatus, that apparatus is distinguished by the terms of orientation only if there is not one orientation into which the apparatus, or an image of the apparatus, could be placed, in which the terms could be applied consistently.
The scope of the patent protection sought herein is defined by the accompanying claims. The apparatuses and procedures shown in the accompanying drawings and described herein are examples.
The numerals used in the drawings are:
20 condensing unit
23F,B front and back corrugated sheets
25 spacer-strips
27 fasteners
28 top and bottom channel-strips
29L,R left and right masses of filler-sealant
30 extent of sealant masses
32 upper port=steam-inlet port-pipe
34 lower port=water-outlet port-pipe
35 sealed interior space of 20
36 heat exchanger (HE) core
38 sinuous passageways between condensing units 20
40L,R left and right steam-inlet manifolds
41 steam manifold inlet-pipe
42 pipe-holes
43L,R left and right water-outlet manifolds
44 seals for 42
45 cover
47 floor or platform of 49
49 chamber
50 bracket (brace) for 45
52 spray-heads
56 dirty water entry-port
58 water pump
60 pool of water in 49
63 steam-blower
65 concentrate-discharge port
66 manifold condensate outlet-pipe
67 condensate-discharge port
69 shortest path-line through 38
Previous Patent: Device for Filtering Airflow Into an Electrical Appliance
Next Patent: Spaced plate heat exchanger


text:
Live Bait, Vol. 03 - Worcester Sampler is a live download by band Phish. The song selection was compiled by Phish archivist Kevin Shapiro, and was released November 2010. This download features highlights from Phish's previous appearances in Worcester, Massachusetts. The compilation covers appearances from 1991 to 1997, and was released shortly before Phish played in Worcester on December 27 and 28, 2010. Of note is the version of "Runaway Jim" that is present here, as it may be the longest jam in Phish's career. It was available for free on the official Phish website for a short time. It is now available for purchase from Phish's LivePhish website.

Track listing
 "Countdown/Auld Lang Syne" (Traditional) - 2:03 (1993-12-31 Worcester Centrum -  Worcester, MA)
 "Down With Disease" (Anastasio, Marshall)  - 3:38 (1993-12-31 Worcester Centrum -  Worcester, MA)
 "Split Open and Melt" (Anastasio) - 10:06 (1993-12-31 Worcester Centrum -  Worcester, MA)
 "Runaway Jim" (Abrahams, Anastasio) - 58:47 (1997-11-29 Worcester Centrum - Worcester, MA)
 "Llama" (Anastasio) - 4:58 (1991-12-31 Worcester Memorial Auditorium "The New Aud" -  Worcester, MA)

External links
 Phish.com - Official Site
 LivePhish.com - Live Bait Vol. 03

Phish live albums
LivePhish.com Downloads
2010 live albums

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Montilla wines are produced similar to their neighbors in Jerez where Sherry wines are made, but instead of using mostly Palomino grapes, they typically use Pedro Ximenez. A Fino is the style of wine in use here which represent some of the driest wines made in the world and are generally delicate, nutty, and tangy. This is the type of cask that the Oban Distillers Edition is finished in.
"An aroma of a child's lunchbox fruit cup followed by a gentle wisp of smoke starts off the tasting. The whisky is creamy and soft on the palate with light sea salt, peanut brittle, and dark caramel. The dram is slightly more chewy than the Oban 14 standard bottling, but still retains the mild heather and peat smoke profile that the distillery is known for."


In just a few days, a linux-kernel mailing list report of ext4 filesystem corruption turned into a widely-distributed news story; the quality of ext4 and its maintenance, it seemed, was in doubt. Once the dust settled, the situation turned out to be rather less grave than some had thought; the bug in question only threatened a very small group of ext4 users using non-default mount options. As this is being written, a fix is in testing and should be making its way toward the mainline and stable kernels shortly. The bug was obscure, but there is value in looking at how it came about and the ripples it caused.
Linus Torvalds announced earlier today, November 11, that the fifth Release Candidate of the upcoming Linux 3.7 kernel is now available for download and testing.
Let it be known that user "necrodoom" made a whole new campaign for Steel Storm!
Clement Lefebvre, father of the Linux Mint project, proudly announced a few minutes ago, November 11, that the Release Candidate of the upcoming Linux Mint 14 operating system is now available for download and testing.
Subject: Ubuntu 12.10: your next OS?
If you've spent any time examining the network traffic to and from your web browser, you will notice the prolific number of trackers embedded in the pages. There are some add-ons to the web browsers that aid in privacy, but it is simple enough to block the rogue sites at the firewall.
Here in the Linux blogosphere, there are several hypothetical scenarios that most agree would surely make the Earth stand still. Flying pigs, of course, is one of them; numerous others, however, involve Microsoft doing something that promotes Linux. It was perhaps no great surprise, then, to witness the stunned hush that fell over the blogosphere when a recent tidbit of news hit the airwaves.
Tripwire Interactive has officially confirmed availability of their popular games Killing Floor and Red Orchestra: Ostfront 41-45 on steam Linux beta.
One of the triumphs of Ubuntu — and Linux in general — is the multitude of straight-forward, easy to use and useful applications written on a lazy Sunday afternoon. TypeCatcher by Andrew Starr-Bochicchio is no different. TypeCatcher allows users to easily browse and preview all of Google Webfonts quickly and easily.
The team is proud to announce the release of Linux Mint 14 Nadia RC. For the first time since Linux Mint 11, the development team was able to capitalize on upstream technology which works and fits its goals. After six months of incremental development, Linux Mint 14 features an impressive list of improvements, increased stability and a refined desktop experience. We're very proud of MATE, Cinnamon, MDM and all the components used in this release, and we're very excited to show you how they all fit together in Linux Mint 14. New features: MATE 1.4 comes with numerous bug fixes, Bluetooth and mate-keyring are now functional and caja features support for Dropbox.


text:
Beauty of Truthfulness-Compassion-Forbearance
Shen Yun Special Coverage
Food Decor
Treatments and Techniques
Epoch Times Philippines
Global Trade War to Hold Back Modest Euro Zone Growth: Poll
tung.le 20:11, 23/08/2018 Print T + T -
The Frankfurt skyline with its financial district is photographed on early evening in Frankfurt, Germany, on March 25, 2018. (Reuters/Kai Pfaffenbach)
BENGALURU—The euro zone economy will muddle through this year and next with steady but modest growth in a slowdown from 2017, according to economists in a Reuters poll, which shows a majority expecting a brewing U.S.-led trade war to hold back growth.
The currency bloc grew at its fastest pace since the 2007-2008 financial crisis last year, but lost momentum in early 2018 and the coming year's outlook remains tepid, with inflation slowing down slightly and veering away from target.
Still, the Reuters poll of 90 economists taken between Aug. 13 and 21 shows that the European Central Bank is on track to shutter its asset purchase program by December after spending a whopping 2.6 trillion euros on bonds to boost price pressure.
The main risk to the outlook remains the United States and China's tit-for-tat trade tariffs and threats that there are more in store.
While U.S. President Donald Trump and European Union chief executive Jean-Claude Juncker last month secured a fragile trade peace, U.S. and Chinese officials are expected to take only a few modest steps to resolve their trade differences this week.
"For the moment it seems that the Trump-Juncker meeting has cleared the air somewhat between the U.S. and Europe. We can't discount the trade war flaring up again in the second half of the year … it could be that it will have more of an impact," said Bert Colijn, senior euro zone economist at ING.
"The question is how much that is going to be, which is very difficult to say, but we've already downgraded our forecasts somewhat over the past months."
Nearly two-thirds—33 of 53 economists—said Trump's trade disputes have had a damaging impact on their euro zone growth predictions. While the remaining 20 respondents said they had no impact, none of the economists expected them to be beneficial.
Alongside the threat of a global trade war, the possibility of Britain leaving the European Union without a deal in March 2019 as well as other political turmoil are also seen as risks.
A bank employee holds a pile of 500 euro notes at a bank branch in Madrid on Jan. 13, 2011. (Reuters/Andrea Comas)
Median growth forecasts for early next year were downgraded from a July poll. Quarter-on-quarter growth was expected at 0.4-0.5 percent every quarter this year and next. Forecasts ranged from 0.3 to 0.6 percent.
The economy should expand 2.1 percent this year after 2.7 percent in 2017, slowing down further to 1.8 percent in 2019.
"The big question is whether this slowdown can be considered 'normal', or whether it is a premature downturn with respect to Europe's position within the economic cycle," noted economists at BNP Paribas.
"Of course, the answer differs depending on the country. Those hit hardest by the crisis are the least likely to run up against supply constraints. Inversely, economies that are already at a mature stage in the cycle are more prone to enter a slowdown phase."
When asked about the probability of a euro zone recession over the next 12 months, the median view rose to 15 percent from 10 percent in last month's poll.
Still, the ECB is widely expected to raise borrowing costs next year after keeping rates ultra-low for a decade while inflation was mired far below its 2 percent target ceiling.
Inflation touched 2 percent in June, driven by rising energy prices, and was forecast to average 1.7 percent for the next two years, slightly up from July predictions for 1.6 percent this year and next.
The poll showed the ECB will hike its deposit rate by 15 basis points to -0.25 percent in the third quarter of next year and the refinancing rate to 0.25 percent from zero in the fourth quarter of 2019.
By Mumal Rathore and Shrutee Sarkar
Categories: Europe World
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