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Hip hop production
Hip hop producer and rapper RZA in a music studio with two collaborators. Pictured in the foreground is a synthesizer keyboard and a number of vinyl records; both of these items are key tools that producers and DJs use to create hip hop beats.
Hip hop production is the creation of hip hop music in a recording studio. While the term encompasses all aspects of hip hop music creation, including recording the rapping of an MC, a turntablist or DJ providing a beat, playing samples and "scratching" using record players and the creation of a rhythmic backing track, using a drum machine or sequencer, it is most commonly used to refer to recording the instrumental, non-lyrical and non-vocal aspects of hip hop.
Music ProductionEdit
Hip Hop Producers[1][2][3][4] credited as the record producer and songwriter, are composers of a musical composition and creative directors involved in guiding and supervision of recording sessions. This can range from a single song to a full-length album or EP.
A hip hop instrumental is colloquially referred to as a beat or musical composition and its composer is referred to as a programmer, songwriter or beat maker. In the studio, a hip hop producer functions as a traditional record producer, being the person who is ultimately responsible for the final sound of a recording, for guiding the artists and performers and giving advice to the audio engineer on the selection of microphones and effects processors and on how to mix the levels of the vocals and instrumentals. Since Hip hop producers generally co-write the original music such as the beat, they are known as Record Producer / Songwriters, that's wearing two hats. They generally receive production and songwriting credits for both acting roles esp Pharrell Williams, J.R. Rotem, Tricky Stewart, Teddy Riley, Bryan-Michael Cox, Rodney Jerkins, Dr. Dre, Scott Storch , Timbaland etc.
Producer tagsEdit
Modern producers commonly use producer tags[5], also known as audio tags, musical tags or simply tags. They function as a watermark for producers and beatmakers to make sure that they are given credit. These can range from producers (or artists that they work with) reciting the producer's name or stage name to a phrase unique to them. An example of the former is when Drake starts his song "In My Feelings" with the lyric "Trap, TrapMoneyBenny", shouting out one of the song's co-producers. An example of the latter is Metro Boomin's "[sic] Metro Boomin want some more, nigga!" which comes from a sample of Young Thug on his track "Some More" in which he shouts out Boomin, who co-produced the song along with Sonny Digital and TM88. Producers and beatmakers often times utilize a number of tags in order to personalize the track. A prime example is producer CAB's variation between "CAB you're crazy for this", "CAB!", and "Yo, it's Charlot". These originate from hip-hop record producers shouting their name over a track before it started, and eventually vocal processing became involved, resulting in tags that sound like part of the song, and eventually in artists shouting the producer's name rather than producers doing so themselves.
" Hip-hop, the dominant turn-of-the-century pop form, gives the most electrifying demonstration of technology's empowering effect [...] [T]he genre rose up from desperately impoverished high-rise ghettos, where families couldn't afford to buy instruments for their kids and even the most rudimentary music-making seemed out of reach. But music was made all the same: the phonograph itself became an instrument. In the South Bronx in the 1970s, DJs like Kool Herc, Afrika Bambaataa, and Grandmaster Flash used turntables to create a hurtling collage of effects—loops, breaks, beats, scratches. Later, studio-bound DJs and beat maker's used digital sampling to assemble some of the most densely packed sonic assemblages in musical history: Eric B. and Rakim's Paid in Full, Public Enemy's Fear of a Black Planet, Dr. Dre's The Chronic. "
— Alex Ross, Listen to This (2010)[6]
1980sEdit
The Roland TR-808 drum machine was introduced in 1980, and consisted on an analog machine with step programming method. The 808 was heavily used by Afrika Bambaataa, who released "Planet Rock" in 1982, in addition to the electro hip hip groundbreaking classic "Nunk" by Warp 9, produced by Lotti Golden and Richard Scher, giving rise to the fledgling Electro genre. An especially notable artist is the genre's own pioneer Juan Atkins who released what is generally accepted as the first American techno record, "Clear" in 1984 (later sampled by Missy Elliott). These early electro records laid down the foundations that later Detroit techno artists such as Derrick May built upon. In 1983, Run-DMC recorded "It's Like That" and "Sucker MC's," two songs which relied completely on synthetic sounds, in this case via an Oberheim DMX drum machine, ignoring samples entirely. This approach was much like early songs by Bambaataa and the Furious Five.
Kurtis Blow was the first hip hop artist to use a digital sampler, when he used the Fairlight CMI for their 1984 album "Ego Trip", specially on the track "AJ Scratch". The E-mu SP-12 came out in 1985, capable of 2.5 seconds of recording time. The E-mu SP-1200 promptly followed (1987) with an expanded recording time of 10 seconds, divided on 4 banks. One of the earliest songs to contain a drum loop or break was "Rhymin and Stealin" by the Beastie Boys, produced by Rick Rubin. Marley Marl also popularized a style of restructuring drum loops by sampling individual drums, in the mid 1980s, a technique which was popularized by the MC Shan's 1986 single "The Bridge" which used chops of "Impeach the President" on two Korg Delay/sampling triggered by a Roland TR-808. The Akai MPC60 came out in 1988, capable of 12 seconds of sampling time. The Beastie Boys released Paul's Boutique in 1989, an entire album created completely from an eclectic mix of samples, produced by the Dust Brothers using an Emax sampler. De La Soul also released 3 Feet High and Rising that year.
1990s-presentEdit
Public Enemy's Bomb Squad revolutionized the sound of hip-hop with dense production styles, combining tens of samples per song, often combining percussion breaks with a drum machine. Their beats were much more structured than the early more minimal and repetitive beats. The MPC3000 was released in 1994, the AKAI MPC2000 in 1997, followed by the MPC2000XL in 1999 [7] and the MPC2500 in 2006. These machines combined a sampling drum machine with an onboard MIDI sequencer and became the centerpiece of many hip hop producers' studios. The Wu Tang Clan's producer RZA is often credited for getting hip hop attention away from Dr. Dre's more polished sound in 1993. RZA's more gritty sound with low rumbling bass, sharp snare drum sounds and unique sampling style based on Ensoniq sampler. With the 1994 release of The Notorious B.I.G.'s Ready to Die, Sean Combs and his assistant producers ushered in a new style where entire sections of records were sampled, instead of short snippets.
Records like "Warning" (Isaac Hayes's "Walk On By"), and "One More Chance (Remix)" (Debarge's "Stay With Me") epitomized this aesthetic. In the early 2000s, Roc-a-Fella in-house producer Kanye West made the "chipmunk" technique popular. This had been first used by 1980s electro hip-hop group Newcleus with such songs as "Jam on It". This technique involves speeding up a vocal sample, and its corresponding instrumental loop, to the point where the vocal sounds high-pitched. The result is a vocal sample that sounds similar to the singing of the popular cartoon singing animals "Alvin and the Chipmunks". West adopted this style from J Dilla and the Wu-Tang Clan's RZA, who in turn was influenced by Prince Paul, the pioneer of the style of speeding up and looping vocal samples to achieve the "chipmunk" sound. Kanye West has used the "chipmunk" effect in many of his songs, and has been used in many other artists' music in the 2010s.
ElementsEdit
Drum beatEdit
Main article: Beats (music)
The drum beat is a core element of hip hop production. While some beats are sampled, others are created by drum machines. The most widely used drum machine is the analog Roland TR-808, which has remained a mainstay for decades.[8] Digital samplers, such as the E-mu SP-12 and SP-1200, and the Akai MPC series, have also been used to sample drum beats. Others yet are a hybrid of the two techniques, sampled parts of drum machine beats that are arranged in original patterns altogether. The Akai MPC series[9] and Ensoniq ASR-10 are mainstays for sampling beats, particularly by The Neptunes. Some beat makers and record producers are sound designers that create their own electronic drum kit sounds, such as Dr. Dre, Timbaland, DJ Paul & Juicy J, Swizz Beatz, Kanye West and The Neptunes. Some drum machine sounds, such as the 1980s-era TR-808 cowbell, remain as historical elements of hip hop lore that continue to be used in 2010s-era hip hop.
SamplingEdit
Main article: Sampling (music)
" Hip hop does not simply draw inspiration from a range of samples, but it layers these fragments into an artistic object. If sampling is the first level of hip hop aesthetics, how the pieces or elements fit together constitute the second level. Hip hop emphasizes and calls attention to its layered nature. The aesthetic code of hip hop does not seek to render invisible the layers of samples, sounds, references, images, and metaphors. Rather, it aims to create a collage in which the sampled texts augment and deepen the song/book/art's meaning to those who can decode the layers of meaning. "
— Richard Schur, Hip Hop Aesthetics and Contemporary African American Literature (2008)[10]
Sampling is using a segment of another's musical recording as part of one's own recording.[11] It has been integral to hip hop production since its inception. In hip-hop, the term describes a technique of splicing out or copying sections of other songs and rearranging or reworking these sections into cohesive musical patterns, or "loops." This technique was first fully explored in 1982 by Afrika Bambaata, on the Soulsonic Force tape Planet Rock, which sampled parts of dance act Kraftwerk and experienced vast public acclaim.[12] This was followed up on in 1986: then-Def Jam producer Rick Rubin used Black Sabbath and Led Zeppelin loops in creating the Beastie Boys' debut Licensed to Ill,[13] and the following year rap duo Eric B. & Rakim popularized James Brown samples with their album Paid in Full.[14]
The technique took a bi-coastal turn when discovered by a young Dr. Dre, whose first gig was the DJ of Afrika Bambaata-esque electrofunk group, the World Class Wreckin' Cru. In 1988, Dre began his use of sampling in hip-hop when he produced the N.W.A album Straight Outta Compton, a landmark in the genre of gangsta rap.[15] In 1989, Jazz-sampling pioneers Gang Starr followed in 1991 by Pete Rock & CL Smooth and A Tribe Called Quest both appeared on the scene, popularizing their brand,[16][17] and sampling took on a full role in hip-hop, spreading to prominence in high-profile projects like the Wu-Tang Clan's Enter the Wu-Tang: 36 Chambers,[18] Dr. Dre's The Chronic,[19] Nas' Illmatic[20] and Notorious B.I.G.'s Ready to Die.[21]
In the 2000s, sampling began to reach an all-time high; Jay-Z's album The Blueprint helped put producers Kanye West and Just Blaze on the map for their sampling of soul records.[22] Kanye West himself scored early hits with "Through the Wire" and "Jesus Walks." His 2004 album, The College Dropout, included two sampled hits featuring Twista which led to the Chicago rapper's Kamikaze selling platinum. On September 7, 2004, however, a U.S. Court of Appeals in Nashville changed the nature of musical copyright infringement by ruling that a license is needed in every case of sampling, where previously a small portion of the song could be copied without repercussion.[23] The law immediately began rarefying samples in hip-hop; in a 2005 interview with Scratch magazine, Dr. Dre announced he was moving more toward instrumentation,[24] and in 2006 The Notorious B.I.G.'s 1994 debut album Ready to Die was temporarily pulled from shelves for a retroactive sample clearance issue.[25] As a result, more major producers and artists have moved further away from sampling and toward live instrumentation, such as Wu-Tang's RZA[26] and Mos Def.[27]
Instruments used in hip hop production
Roland TR-808 drum machine
Akai MPC60 sequencer/sampler
E-mu SP-1200 sampler
Two Technics SL-1200 turntables and a small DJ mixer
SamplersEdit
Because hip hop production revolves around sampling, a sampler/sequencer combination device such as Akai's MPC line of grooveboxes usually forms the centerpiece of a hip hop production studio. Although mostly replaced by Digital Audio Workstations (DAWs) by today, classics like the E-mu Systems SP-1200, Akai MPC60, Akai MPC3000 or Ensoniq ASR-10 still see use today due to their workflow and sound characteristics.
TurntablesEdit
Main article: Turntablism
The most widely used turntables in hip hop are Panasonic's Technics series. They were the first direct-drive turntables,[28] which eliminated belts, and instead employed a motor to directly drive the platter on which a vinyl record rests.[29] The Technics SL-1100 was adopted by early hip hop artists in the 1970s, due to its strong motor, durability and fidelity.[29] A forefather of turntablism was DJ Kool Herc, an immigrant from Jamaica to New York City.[28] He introduced turntable techniques from Jamaican dub music,[30] while developing new techniques made possible by the direct-drive turntable technology of the Technics SL-1100, which he used for the first sound system he set up after emigrating to New York in the 1970s.[28] The signature technique he developed was playing two copies of the same record on two turntables in alternation to extend the b-dancers' favorite section,[30] switching back and forth between the two to loop the breaks to a rhythmic beat.[28]
The most influential turntable was the Technics SL-1200.[31] It was adopted by New York City hip hop DJs such as Grand Wizard Theodore and Afrika Bambaataa in the 1970s. As they experimented with the SL-1200 decks, they developed scratching techniques when they found that the motor would continue to spin at the correct RPM even if the DJ wiggled the record back and forth on the platter.[31] Since then, turntablism spread widely in hip hop culture, and the SL-1200 remained the most widely used turntable in DJ culture for the next several decades.[29][31]
SynthesizersEdit
Main article: Synthesizer
Synthesizers are used often in hip hop production. They are used for melodies, basslines, as percussive "stabs", for chords and for sound synthesis, to create new sound textures. The use of synthesizers was popularized by Dr. Dre during the G-funk era. In the 2000s, Jim Jonsin, Cool and Dre, Lil Jon, Scott Storch, and Neptunes continue to use synths. Often in low-budget studio environments or recording rooms constrained by space limitations, the composer would use virtual instruments instead of hardware synthesizers. In the 2010s, virtual instruments are becoming more common in high-budget studio environments.
RecordingEdit
In hip hop, a multi-track recorder is standard for recording. The Portastudio cassette recorder was the law in the in-house recording studios in the 1980s. Digital ADAT tape recorders became standard during the 1990s, but have been largely replaced by Digital Audio Workstations or DAWs such as Apple's Logic, Avid's Pro Tools and Steinberg's Nuendo and Cubase. DAW's allow for more intricate editing and unlimited track counts, as well as built-in effects. This allows songwriters and composer's to create music without the expense of a large commercial studio.
Vocal recordingEdit
Generally, professional producers opt for a condenser microphone for studio recording,[32][33] mostly due to their wide-range response and high quality. A primary alternative to the expensive condenser microphone is the dynamic microphone, used more often in live performances due to its durability. The major disadvantages of condenser microphones are their expense and fragility. Also, most condenser microphones require phantom power, unlike dynamic microphones. Conversely, the disadvantages of dynamic microphones are they do not generally possess the wide spectrum of condenser microphones and their frequency response is not as uniform. Many hip-hop producers typically used the Neumann U-87 for recording vocals which imparts a glassy "sheen" especially on female vocals. But today, many producers in this musical genre use the Sony C-800 tube microphone, vintage microphones, and high-end ribbon microphones tuned for flattering, "big" vocal expression. It should also be noted that many classic hip-hop songs were recorded with the most basic of equipment. In many cases this contributes to its raw sound quality, and charm.
Digital audio workstationsEdit
Main article: Digital audio workstation
DAWs and software sequencers are used in modern hip hop production for the composer as software production products are cheaper, easier to expand, and require less room to run than their hardware counterparts. The success of these DAWs generated a flood of new semi-professional beat makers, who license their beats or instrumentals [34] preferably on digital marketplaces[35] to rap artists from all around the world and caused the creation of a new niche market. Some Beat makers oppose complete reliance on DAWs and software, citing lower overall quality, lack of effort, and lack of identity in computer-generated beats. Sequencing software often comes under criticism from purist listeners and traditional producer as producing sounds that are flat, overly clean, and overly compressed.
Popular DAWs include the following:
Acoustica Mixcraft
Apple's Logic Pro
Avid Technology's Pro Tools
Steinberg Cubase
Image-Line's FL Studio
Propellerhead Software Reason
Sony ACID Pro
Apple's GarageBand
Motu Inc. Digital Performer
Cockos REAPER
Live instrumentationEdit
Live instrumentation is not as widespread in hip hop, but is used by a number of acts and is prominent in hip hop-based fusion genres such as rapcore. Before samplers and synthesizers became prominent parts of hip hop production, early hip hop hits such as "Rapper's Delight" (The Sugarhill Gang) and "The Breaks" (Kurtis Blow) were recorded with live studio bands. During the 1980s, Stetsasonic was a pioneering example of a live hip hop band. Hip hop with live instrumentation regained prominence during the late-1990s and early 2000s with the work of The Goats, The Coup, The Roots, Mello-D and the Rados, Common, DJ Quik, UGK and OutKast, among others. In recent years, The Robert Glasper Experiment has explored live instrumentation with an emphasis on the instrumental and improvisational aspect of hip hop with rappers such as Mos Def, Talib Kweli, Q-Tip, and Common as well as neo-soul singer Bilal Oliver.
The Drummers of Hip-HopEdit
Throughout history the drum set has taken numerous identities. It is the instrument that makes jazz "swing" and rock 'n' roll "rock." With a new age of pop music on the rise within the past decade, it is easy to assume the drum set has been replaced by electronic sounds produced by an engineer. In reality, the drum set is the reason behind the production of these electronic beats, and live drummers contribute to modern day hip-hop much more than what meets the ear.
An example of a drummer recording on a hip-hop record is Kendrick Lamar's album titled To Pimp A Butterfly which was released in 2015. Robert Sput Searight, drummer of Snarky Puppy, performed on the track's titled "For Free" and "Hood Politics." The non-musician may find the use of a live drummer on a hip-hop recording unnoticeable, however, these musicians should receive credit for their work. The list below names some of the most influential drummers of the hip-hop genre.
Hip-Hop DrummersEdit
Questlove
Tony Royster Jr
Chris Dave
Adam Deitch
Yuval Gabay
[36][37][38][39][40][41]
Instrumental hip hopEdit
See also: Breakbeat
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Instrumental hip hop is hip hop music without vocals. Hip hop as a general rule consists of two elements: an instrumental track (the "beat") and a vocal track (the "rap"). The artist who crafts the beat is the producer (or beatmaker), and the one who crafts the rap is the MC (emcee). In this format, the rap is almost always the primary focus of the song, providing most of the complexity and variation over a fairly repetitive beat. Instrumental hip hop is hip hop music without an emcee rapping. This format gives the producer the flexibility to create more complex, richly detailed and varied instrumentals. Songs of this genre may wander off in different musical directions and explore various subgenres, because the instruments do not have to supply a steady beat for an MC. Although producers have made and released hip hop beats without MCs since hip hop's inception, those records rarely became well-known. Jazz keyboardist/composer Herbie Hancock and bassist/producer Bill Laswell's electro-inspired collaborations are notable exceptions. 1983's Future Shock album and hit single "Rockit" featured turntablist Grand Mixer D.ST, the first use of turntables in jazz fusion, and gave the turntablism and record "scratching" widespread exposure. The Mix-Up is the seventh studio album by the Beastie Boys, released in 2007. The album consists entirely of instrumental performances and won a Grammy Award in 2008 for Best Pop Instrumental Album.
The release of DJ Shadow's debut album Endtroducing..... in 1996 saw the beginnings of a movement in instrumental hip hop. Relying mainly on a combination of sampled funk, hip hop and film score, DJ Shadow's innovative sample arrangements influenced many producers and musicians.
In the 2000s and 2010s, artists such as RJD2, J Dilla, Pete Rock, Large Professor, MF Doom, Danny!, Nujabes, Madlib, Wax Tailor, Denver Kajanga, DJ Krush, Hermitude, and Blockhead have garnered critical attention with instrumental hip hop albums. Due to the current state of copyright law, most instrumental hip-hop releases are released on small, independent labels. Producers often have difficulty obtaining clearance for the many samples found throughout their work, and labels such as Stones Throw are fraught with legal problems.[citation needed]
List of hip hop DJs and producers
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^ "Apollo Brown on the difference between a beatmaker and a producer". The Source. 19 September 2017. Retrieved 24 September 2018.
^ "MUSIC INDUSTRY 101: What Is A Beat Maker vs. Producer?". indiehiphop. 19 September 2017. Retrieved 24 September 2018.
^ "Writing Tracks First". thesingersworkshop. 8 April 2018. Retrieved 8 October 2018.
^ Green, Dylan "CineMasai". "The Mythology & Art of the Musical Tag". DJBooth. Retrieved 2018-12-25.
^ Ross (2010), p. 60.
^ Vintage Synth Explorer. "Akai MPC2000 / MPC2000 XL – Vintage Synth Explorer". Retrieved 9 July 2015.
^ Norris, Chris (13 August 2015). "The 808 Heard Round the World". The New Yorker. Retrieved 16 January 2017.
^ https://www.engadget.com/2017/01/22/akai-mpc-live-mpc-x/
^ New Essays on the African American Novel (2008), p. 207.
^ "Sample – Definition and More". Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 2012-04-04.
^ Marisa Brown. "Planet Rock: The Album", AllMusic.com. R 27616.
^ Stephen Thomas Erlewine. "Licensed to Ill", AllMusic.
^ Steve Huey. "Paid in Full", AllMusic.
^ Steve Huey. "Straight Outta Compton [Clean]", AllMusic.
^ Stanton Swihart. "All Souled Out", AllMusic.
^ John Bush. "The Low End Theory", AllMusic.
^ Steven Leckart, 10.23.07. "Wu-Tang Clan's RZA Breaks Down His Kung Fu Samples by Film and Song", WIRED MAGAZINE: ISSUE 15.11.
^ [Ethan Brown, (2005). Straight Outta Hollis, Queens Reigns Supreme: Fat Cat, 50 Cent, and the Rise of the Hip Hop Hustler. Anchor. ISBN 1-4000-9523-9. "[Unlike] popular hip-hop producers like the Bomb Squad, Dre instead utilized a single sample to drive a song."]
^ Dan Love, Feb 11, 2008. "Deconstructing Illmatic" Archived 2009-03-25 at the Wayback Machine, Oh Word Collection.
^ XXL staff, Thursday Mar 9 10:28 AM CST. "The Making of Ready to Die:Family Business", XXL MAGAZINE.
^ Gale: Black History Month.
^ 9/10/2004 8:57:27 PM, foxxylady. "CAN HIP HOP LIVE WITHOUT SAMPLING?", SixShot.com.
^ Dec 5 2005, 05:04 PM. "DR. DRE INTERVIEW FROM SCRATCH MAGAZINE", Music Industry Online.
^ Dave, 3/19/2006 9:10:26 AM. "Hip-Hop News: Late Rapper Has Album Pulled Over Copyright Infringement", Rap News Network.
^ Morgan Steiker, July 29, 2008. "RZA: Interview", Prefixmag.com.
^ Hillary Crosley N.Y., May 30, 2008. "Mos Def Hits The Studio With Mr. DJ ", Billboard.
^ a b c d "History of the Record Player Part II: The Rise and Fall". Reverb.com. Retrieved 5 June 2016.
^ a b c Trevor Pinch, Karin Bijsterveld, The Oxford Handbook of Sound Studies, page 515, Oxford University Press
^ a b Nicholas Collins, Margaret Schedel, Scott Wilson (2013), Electronic Music: Cambridge Introductions to Music, page 105, Cambridge University Press
^ a b c Six Machines That Changed The Music World, Wired, May 2002
^ "Mastering Rap Instrumentals". ShadezOfBlue™ - Blew You Away. Archived from the original on 10 July 2015. Retrieved 9 July 2015.
^ "BogoBeats.com". BogoBeats.com. Retrieved 8 August 2016.
^ "RapBeats.net relaunch". RapBeats.net. Retrieved 9 July 2015.
^ Okayplayer. "7 Musicians Who Contributed on 'To Pimp A Butterfly'". www.revive-music.com. Retrieved 2018-11-20.
^ "How To Add A 'Questlove' Feel With The Drag Beat's Precise Sloppiness". DRUM! Magazine. 2018-08-01. Retrieved 2018-11-20.
^ "Questlove". HotNewHipHop. Retrieved 2018-11-13.
^ "Red Bull Music Academy Daily". daily.redbullmusicacademy.com. Retrieved 2018-11-13.
^ "These are the 5 most sampled drum beats in hip hop". Produce Like A Pro. 2017-09-15. Retrieved 2018-11-13.
^ "Hip Hop/Rap Artists Using Real Live Drummers/Percussionists - DRUMMERWORLD OFFICIAL DISCUSSION FORUM". www.drummerworld.com. Retrieved 2018-11-13.
Hawk Memphis [1]
Ross, Alex (2010). Listen to This. Fourth Estate. ISBN 978-0-00-731906-0.
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^ Memphis, Hawk (July 2016). "Hawk Memphis". www.hawkmemphis.com. Hawk Memphis. Retrieved 2016-07-17.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hip_hop_production&oldid=903961108"


text:
Home Entertainment Astroworld Festival victims were teens, college students and at least one aspiring...
Astroworld Festival victims were teens, college students and at least one aspiring model
LEXI AUTUMN
HOUSTON – Rodolfo Angel Peña, 23, was an aspiring model and psychology student from Laredo, Texas, who dreamed of one day becoming a U.S. Border Patrol agent or seeing where his charm and good looks would take him.
On Friday, he and some friends drove the five hours from Laredo to Houston to blow off steam at the Travis Scott show at the Astroworld music festival. By Saturday afternoon, his family was making funeral arrangements for him.
Peña was one of eight people who died Friday night when thousands of concertgoers rushed to the stage to see Scott, overwhelming security and creating a chaotic nightmare.
Rodolfo Angel Peña, 23, was a student and aspiring model from Laredo. He was one of eight victims who died at the Astroworld Festival Friday.
'They were not breathing': Astroworld survivors recount bodies trampled, overwhelmed security
Astroworld festival death: 14-year-old among dead from 'mass casualty incident' at Travis Scott concert
His older brother, Guadalupe Peña, said authorities told the family only that his brother died of cardiac arrest while at the show.
"He's a real strong person," he told USA TODAY. "I know he would have gotten out of it. It seems real sketchy how it happened."
Twenty-five people were transported to the hospital, Houston Mayor Sylvester Turner said Saturday, and 13 are still hospitalized. A 10-year-old is in critical condition, officials said. There were scores of other injuries. At least 11, like Peña, suffered cardiac arrest.
Who is Travis Scott? Everything to know about the Houston-born 'Astroworld' rapper
Guadalupe Peña (left) and his brother Eduardo Peña want to understand how their brother Rodolfo Angel Peña died at the Astroworld Festival in Houston on Friday.
The victims who died ranged in age from 14 to 27, Turner said. One person's age was unknown. Turner did not identify those who were killed in the incident and said family members of six of the eight victims have been notified. Autopsies will be performed before the victims are released to their families, Harris County Judge Lina Hidalgo said.
John Hilgert, 14, the youngest casualty of the Friday stampede, was a ninth grade student at Memorial High School in Northwest Houston, according to a letter sent out by school administrators to parents.
"Our hearts go out to the student's family and to his friends and our staff at Memorial," Spring Branch ISD said in a statement. "This is a terrible loss, and the entire MHS family is grieving today."
A 16-year-old junior at Heights High School in Houston, Brianna Rodriguez, was also killed, according to KTRK-TV in Houston. "Dancing was her passion," said a GoFundMe post in Rodriguez's honor. "Now she's dancing her way to heaven's pearly gates."
A Dallas-area man, 27-year-old Danish Baig, died trying to save his fiancee from the crush of the crowd, according to news outlets whose reporters spoke with his brother. His funeral was scheduled for Sunday, his brother said.
In a Facebook post, Basil Mirza Baig said the event was "horribly managed" and put some of the blame on Scott, whom he said "provoked these people."
"He called people to the stage to jump into the crowd and did not stop the show," Baig said. "I was there and i wasnt able to save my brother."
Danish Baig, his brother said in the post, always put others before himself and showed courage in trying to save his fiancee. She is bruised and traumatized, he told CNN.
Franco Patino, 21, was a senior at the University of Dayton in Ohio, majoring in mechanical engineer technology and active in several clubs. He died Friday at the Astroworld Festival in Houston during the Travis Scott show.
Franco Patino, 21, a senior majoring in mechanical engineering technology with a minor in human movement biomechanics at the University of Dayton in Ohio, also died in the melee, according to a statement by the university.
"A member of Alpha Psi Lambda, a Hispanic interest fraternity, Franco was active in the Greek and (multiethnic) communities on campus," the statement read. "He was also a member of the Society of Hispanic Professional Engineers at UD, active in the ETHOS (service-learning) program, and was currently working in an engineering coop program in Mason, Ohio."
Another college student, Axel Acosta, died after traveling alone from Washington state to see the concert, his father told KTRK. Acosta's body was recovered without identification, and authorities had released a picture of him, which his family used to identify him. Acosta, 21, was studying computer science at Western Washington University.
Guadalupe Peña said the hardest part is not knowing all the details of what exactly happened to his brother on Friday night. He shared details of his brother's life in the lobby of a Houston hotel Saturday, as his mother paced nearby, wailing occasionally.
"The one who's suffering the most is his mom," he said.
Astroworld tragedy: Concert promoter has previous safety violations
Rodolfo Angel Peña, 23, an aspiring model and college student from Laredo, died on Nov. 5, 2021, at the Astroworld Festival concert featuring hip hop star Travis Scott. Authorities told his family Peña died of cardiac arrest.
The youngest of five siblings, Rodolfo Angel Peña had been a star wide receiver at Nixon High School in Laredo and was in his last year at Laredo College, his brother said. He was taking psychology courses, hoping to score a well-paying job with Border Patrol or with U.S. Customs and Border Protection. He also worked as a chiropractic therapist.
He was well-known and beloved throughout Laredo, said Eduardo Peña, his other brother. "Everyone knew him," he said.
Rodolfo Angel Peña loved dancing and was into fashion, Guadalupe Peña said. And he loved music. He attended the last Astroworld Festival in 2019, but this was his first Travis Scott concert, he said.
Astroworld deaths: Kylie Jenner says she, Travis Scott 'weren't aware' of fatalities until after the show
Rodolfo Angel Peña, 23, was an aspiring model and college student from Laredo who dreamed of becoming a U.S. Border Patrol agent one day. He died Friday at the Astroworld Festival concert featuring hip hop star Travis Scott.
The family was planning a funeral for him in Laredo. They still have a lot of questions about how his brother died, Guadalupe Peña said.
"He came up yesterday for the concert," he said. "Next thing we know, he's gone."
Follow Jervis on Twitter: @MrRJervis.
This article originally appeared on USA TODAY: Astroworld deaths: Brianna Rodriguez, 16, one of eight victims
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


In this webinar I discuss Entities and EnityAPI— why and when it would be beneficial to use a custom Entity type in a Drupal project. This is not a how-to, it is more of a why-to with a 10,000 ft view of an Entity code sample.
Experience Level: Intermediate to Advanced developers.
Correction: The Meta tags module does not use custom entities.


Report current character in review numpad2 NVDA+period none Announces the current character on the line of text where the review cursor is positioned. If description mode is enabled, the character is described. Pressing twice reports the character with its attributes. Pressing three times reports the numeric value of the character in decimal and hexadecimal. Pressing four-times toggles the description mode.
If checked, Hiragana and Katakana characters are reported using phonetic reading for character review (when description mode is enabled). Default is off.
If checked, Latin characters are reported using phonetic reading for character review (when description mode is enabled). Default is off.
'Automatic Language switching' is supported. If the content has language attributes, it is used for selecting voices. eSpeak voices are used other than Japanese voice. Speech rate or other settings are not applied to voices other than Japanese.
eSpeak of NVDAJP supports reading of Japanese characters and Chinese characters. It uses Japanese text processing of Jtalk internally.
eSpeak of NVDA cannot handle Japanese language.
The driver for braille display "KGS BrailleMemo series" from KGS Corporation is added. BM46 is used for development and tests. BM32 is tested by the community members.
The BM Utility must be installed to the computer.
This driver allows you to choose connection port from COM1 to COM64. If automatic setting fails, please choose the COM port directly.
BrailleNote 46X is supported by "KGS BrailleMemo series" driver. Please do not use this driver for BrailleNote 46X.


Moon Beach Resort is a brand new resort located on the quiet peninsula of Laem Sri Thanu on the sunset coast of Koh Phangan. The resort is positioned on a hillside that runs into a white sand beach and calm azure sea, ensuring that every room has stunning views over the islands that make up the Samui Archipelago.
There are only ten bungalows, so the atmosphere is personal and friendly, and all are reasonably priced to suit every travelers budget. The family that run the business have a restaurant in the local village and have been taking care of visitors to the island for decades, thus you can rest assured that the food is as great as the hospitality; and with brand new buildings throughout, your comfort is guaranteed too!
Live With A View There are ten spacious and newly built bungalows at Moon Beach, all with scenic sea views from generously proportioned hardwood balconies, with built-in seating and giant weatherproof blinds. All of the rooms have double doors, long windows and are fully finished with curtains and fly-screens. The interiors are all wood paneled and the floor is also beautifully finished wood; the spacious bathrooms are western style and are finished with ceramic tiles throughout. There is the option of having twin jumbo single beds, or a king sized double bed.
2 persons | room size: 24 sq.m., 1 double bed or twin bed. This type is located with a lovely seaview and offers a choice of double or twin beds. It also offers air conditioning.
2 persons | room size: 24 sq.m., 1 double bed or twin bed. A great choice for the seasoned traveler.
3 persons | room size: 45 sq.m., 1 King size bed (6') and 1 queen size bed (5'). A relaxed choice on the beach with air conditioning.
Enjoy... At Moon Beach Resort Laem Sri Thanu is a volcanic island that has been joined to Koh Phangan by a strip of coconut pasture that meets with the village of Sri Thanu. It has formed a fertile peninsula that lies between the bays of Ao Hin Kong and Ao Sri Thanu, thus the small and secluded beaches that populate its coastline are closer to the coral reef, leading to virtually year round swimming.
At low tide its possible to circum-navigate Laem Sri Thanu and find your own little piece of paradise, perfect for secluded sunbathing or finding a good spot for fishing off the rocks. There is a laid back and unique atmosphere to the area, partly as Laem Sri Thanu is almost its own island and because there are only five resorts on the peninsula. Quiet though it is, action is not far away in the 'mainland' village of Sri Thanu, only a 500-metre walk through the coconut groves.
The Moon Beach Restaurant is positioned at the top of the small hillside with stunning views over the long bay of Ao Hin Kong and the islands Koh Tae Nai and Nok. It has several different areas to relax in with an open-air terrace, a cocktail bar, raised Thai style platforms with triangle cushions and good old tables and chairs!
The menu is just as varied and includes a full traditional Thai menu, with some delicious Southern Thai specialties and an extensive vegetarian selection. As mentioned earlier, the family have long had a restaurant in the village, and are also dab hands at western dishes, serving up great pizzas, superb burgers and Thai and western seafood barbeques.
Moon Beach Bungalows is located in Srithanu Beach.


text:
Published November 25th, 2019 by JMSCapitalGroup
Happy Thanksgiving! We're so thankful for you.
On Thursday, U.S. investors may find themselves giving thanks for the bull market.
Year-to-date, the Standard & Poor's 500 Index, Dow Jones Industrial Average, and Nasdaq Composite have all gained more than 20 percent with dividends reinvested. The MSCI World Index also is up 20 percent year-to-date.
Bond markets have rallied, too. U.S. government bond yields have dropped since January, and prices have risen. Not all asset classes have packed an oomph, but investors are feeling optimistic, reported Michael Mackenzie of the Financial Times.
Ben Levisohn of Barron's expressed some skepticism about the current level of optimism.
"If you believe the current narrative, everything is right with the world. By cutting interest rates three times, the Federal Reserve has averted a recession. And with the U.S. and China slowly making progress on a trade deal, capital spending could revive and boost the economy. And right on time, the S&P 500 index hit a new all-time high, seemingly confirming this rosy narrative… Strangely, market sentiment appears to be getting better even as the economic data appear to be getting worse."
He's not wrong. Economic data suggest U.S. and Chinese economies have begun to experience negative effects related to the two-year-old trade war. Reuters reported economic growth in China has slowed to a 30-year low. Growth in the United States has slowed, too.
While many remain optimistic about progress in resolving the U.S.-China trade dispute, Barron's Nicholas Jasinski spoke with the chief investment officer of an international wealth management firm, who commented, "Our view of U.S. and China is that it's a competition that's going to go on for a generation economically, diplomatically, militarily."
Last week, major U.S. indices finished lower on concerns about trade talk progress.
Data as of 11/22/19 1-Week Y-T-D 1-Year 3-Year 5-Year 10-Year
Standard & Poor's 500 (Domestic Stocks) -0.3% 24.1% 18.2% 12.2% 8.5% 10.9%
Dow Jones Global ex-U.S. -0.5 13.4 9.3 6.6 1.6 2.3
Gold (per ounce) -0.2 14.3 19.4 6.5 4.1 2.3
Bloomberg Commodity Index -0.5 2.6 -3.4 -2.6 -7.7 -5.3
S&P 500, Dow Jones Global ex-US, Gold, Bloomberg Commodity Index returns exclude reinvested dividends (gold does not pay a dividend) and the three-, five-, and 10-year returns are annualized; and the 10-year Treasury Note is simply the yield at the close of the day on each of the historical time periods. Sources: Yahoo! Finance, MarketWatch, djindexes.com, London Bullion Market Association.
WHY DO PRESIDENTS PARDON TURKEYS?
A turkey may not be on the Great Seal of the United States, as Ben Franklin would have preferred, but the bird has a surprisingly robust history at the White House.
From the 1870s until 1913, turkeys were provided to the White House for holiday meals primarily by Rhode Island poultry producer Horace Vose. After his death, it was a free for all. The White House Historical Association wrote,
"By 1914, the opportunity to give a turkey to a President was open to everyone, and poultry gifts were frequently touched with patriotism, partisanship, and glee. In 1921, an American Legion post furnished bunting for the crate of a gobbler en route from Mississippi to Washington, while a Harding Girls Club in Chicago outfitted a turkey as a flying ace, complete with goggles. First Lady Grace Coolidge accepted a turkey from a Vermont Girl Scout in 1925. The turkey gifts had become established as a national symbol of good cheer."
The first time a turkey was granted clemency was in 1863. President Abraham Lincoln instructed the White House staff to spare a bird which had become a favorite of his son, reported the Constitution Daily.
Some say President Truman pardoned a turkey or two, but the Truman Library does not agree.
Records indicate it was 1963 before another President spared a turkey destined for the White House kitchen. While both President Lincoln and President John F. Kennedy showed mercy, neither officially pardoned their birds. President Ronald Reagan joked about a pardon, but the first official Presidential turkey pardon was issued by President George H.W. Bush in 1989.
So, why do Presidents pardon turkeys? We're not really sure. We know where pardoned turkeys go, though.
For many years, like Super-Bowl-winning quarterbacks, they went to amusement parks in Florida and California. The turkeys helped lead Thanksgiving Day Parades. More recently, "…the spared turkeys are sent to an enclosure at Virginia Tech called 'Gobbler's Rest'… where they get to frolic with other free turkeys," reported The Independent.
"You may have heard of Black Friday and Cyber Monday. There's another day you might want to know about: Giving Tuesday. The idea is pretty straightforward. On the Tuesday after Thanksgiving, shoppers take a break from their gift-buying and donate what they can to charity."
-- Bill Gates, Business magnate and philanthropist
https://www.barrons.com/articles/dow-jones-industrial-average-snaps-four-week-winning-streak-51574469902?mod=hp_DAY_3
https://www.ft.com/content/0d445fe2-0c60-11ea-b2d6-9bf4d1957a67
https://www.cnbc.com/2019/11/18/the-bond-phenomenon-of-2019-isnt-over-yet-says-trader.html
https://www.barrons.com/articles/prepare-for-the-end-of-the-bull-market-51574439667?mod=hp_LEAD_3
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-global-markets-themes/take-five-a-spanner-in-the-global-economic-works-idUSKBN1XW1PB
https://www.history.com/news/did-benjamin-franklin-propose-the-turkey-as-the-national-symbol
https://www.whitehousehistory.org/pardoning-the-thanksgiving-turkey
https://constitutioncenter.org/blog/the-real-story-behind-the-presidential-turkey-pardon
https://www.trumanlibrary.gov/education/trivia/did-truman-pardon-turkey
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Thanksgiving_Turkey_Presentation
https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/turkey-pardon-where-do-they-go-president-donald-trump-white-house-peas-and-carrots-a8643626.html
https://www.brainyquote.com/topics/thanksgiving-quotes


text:
Economy in dire-straits; stimulus package must to reboot it: Kashmir Inc
Representational ImageFile/ GK
MUKEET AKMALI
22 Aug, 2021, 7:30 pm
Srinagar: Amid Covid cases witnessing a decline, the Kashmir economy is still facing challenges to recuperate from the losses incurred during lockdown period, business community state that there is a liquidity crunch in the market which has affected business revival here.
This correspondent spoke to businessmen, traders from different segments of the economy who in unison are complaining of the worsening condition of the economy which has been further hit by the failure of the government to come up with a comprehensive financial package for the business community.
President, Kashmir Traders and Manufacturers Federation, Muhammad Yaseen Khan said that there is gloomy situation in the markets; businessmen are facing the worst phase due to Covid-lockdowns which broke the back of the business community not only in Kashmir but across India.
"Businessmen don't have money to buy new stocks, sales are at lowest ebb. You talk to any businessmen in Kashmir division he will narrate a sordid tale. The main reason is the buying power of consumers has taken a hit, inflation is highest in Kashmir, petroleum prices are skyrocketing, all these factors are affecting our business and revival process."
Khan said that the post Covid-lockdown government didn't come forward. "We were expecting a financial package to reboot our economy, but they have not provided anything substantially to us. We are facing multiple challenges; one is repaying loans, second is low business turnover. Only a comprehensive package can help in rebooting our ailing economy."
Expert Chair PHDCCI-Kashmir, FMCG and Taxes, Jan Muhammad Koul said that the economy is facing tough challenges and in absence of any stimulus package revival of business has become a herculean task for business community.
"Kashmir's business community is well-versed to deal with the crisis, but this time Covid lockdowns has broken back, at the same time there is no respite from the government. This time administration is only busy in collecting taxes be it SMC's tax, GST or any other tax. We are facing a tough challenge given the fact we have faced continuous lockdown-like situations since 2019. Having businesses shut for a major part of three years is back-breaking for any economy. "
"Government has announced a meager Rs 1300 crore interest subvention which is nothing but a cosmetic exercise. There is a need to provide a comprehensive stimulus package which would inject finance in the economic system of the UT."
Co- Chairman of Kashmir Economic Alliance, Farooq Ahmad Dar flayed the government for failing to provide any respite to the business community. "Financial packages are being devised only to help banks which are nothing but an insult to the business community. It won't help the economy to revive, but only burden businessmen, traders further. Pace of developmental activities is not upto the mark; it could have provided impetus to the economy. There is no concern in the government about the current situation of Kashmir's economic condition, all they are worried is how much tax they will collect, without thinking about the fact that businesses were shut for almost three years in a row."
President, Kashmir Traders Association, Ajaz Shahdhar also opined about the worsening condition of Kashmir's economy. He said that the government has not shown any keen interest in its revival. "Banks have not provided any succor neither did the government. This situation has led to a liquidity crunch in the market which is affecting every segment of the economy."


These two sketches are part of the watercolor challenge I have given myself, to sketch the same scene (or from the same viewpoint) for 30 days. Sometimes I have used such an exercise to spark my creativity, or to practice and play with technique, or simply as a way to make sure I do a sketch or some type of art each day. I believe, as so many have said, that to be a better sketcher, or artist, one must sketch more, draw more, make art every day.
Seattle Urban Sketchers has been so good for me because it gets me out there, doing art! Plus, I go to places I would never have gone to on my own, much less think to take my supplies so I could sketch!! Our sketch-crawl at the EMP is one such example, as is the other sketches in today's blog, which are from the Museum of Flight. On my own, it would never have occurred to me to go sketching at the Museum of Flight! In my past art-making, I would always head out to the country, to sketch from nature!
Today, Friday the 8th, I joined a few Urban Sketchers at the Museum of Flight. We were Kate's guests, since she volunteers there. What a huge, varied, and amazing place!! We only scratched the surface in subject matter. And I wandered too much, so I didn't have a lot of time. But finally I found myself in the WWI display, and this "Sopwith Triplane" captured my fancy. A rather challenging viewpoint, for sure!
Since we arrived early before the Museum opened, we pulled out our sketching stuff and sat and froze while we tried to sketch. I chose to keep it simple with a Derwent Graphtint pencil and subsequent wash with my water-brush.
After lunch at the Museum Cafe, we had a bit of time left, so I quickly found an interesting viewpoint in which to sketch the beautiful hot air balloon, thanks to Tina who pointed it out when we first arrived at the Museum of Flight.
This is a really nice set of sketches. I love that you challenge yourself to a drawing from the same viewing spot. I'm going to have to try that. Have to find a good spot first.


The old way of "being church"—measured by political influence, money, and congregants in the pews—may indeed be vanishing, but it is being replaced by something new and beautiful for those with the eyes, ears, heart, and soul to experience it. Prolific author Greg Garrett reminds Episcopalians of the many gifts that our tradition can offer a doubting and hurting world. He reveals a church that values intellect, beauty, diversity, and community, and promotes thoughtful engagement with questions of faith, ethics, and community. This church espouses a generous orthodoxy, welcoming left and right, mystic and doubter. It values education, social justice, and engagement with literature and culture. And in opposition to the radical individualism espoused by most of American Protestantism, it offers the unique gift of a tradition shaped by English culture that believes the individual is a part of her or his community—not in opposition to it.
Greg Garrett, PhD, has written more than twenty books of fiction, nonfiction, memoir, and translation, including My Church Is Not Dying: Episcopalians in the 21st Century. Professor of English at Baylor University and Theologian in Residence at the American Cathedral in Paris, he has appeared internationally on radio and television and regularly preaches, gives readings, and leads workshops and retreats."


text:
Wallpapers tagged with "cloud"
Aerial view of Everglades National Park, Florida, USA
Rain forest near Valparai, Tamil Nadu, India
Cloudy sunrise over Stonehenge - prehistoric megalith monument arranged in circle.
Ancient stone windmill, France
St Cwyfans Church, Anglesey at low tide.
Sundial on Parnidis Dune, Curonian Spit, Lithuania
A thunderstorm rolls across Theodore Roosevelt National Park in North Dakota
Dusk over a marina in Sandy Bay, Hobart, Tasmania
Dallas Divide, Colorado, USA
Mokoli'I Island in Kaneohe Bay, seen from Kualoa Regional Park, Oahu, Hawaii
Rainbow over the Westerheversand lighthouse, Westerhever, Schleswig-Holstein
Victoria Memorial, Kolkata, India
Tŵr Mawr lighthouse, Llanddwyn Island, Anglesey, Wales
Wat Phra Si Sanphet, Ayutthaya, Thailand
Quiberon peninsula, Côte Sauvage, Brittany, France
Mack Arch Rock, Oregon, USA
Clearing snowstorm, Yosemite National Park, California
Mehlinger Heide, Mehlingen, Rhineland-Palatinate
Thunderstorm cell over a town in Baden-Wuerttemberg
Mont-Saint-Michel, Normandy, France
Barley field in East Lothian, Scotland
Our Lady of the Rocks, Bay of Kotor, Perast, Montenegro
Wooden plank path in the dunes near Wenningstedt, Sylt, Schleswig-Holstein
Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, USA
Eiffel Tower, Paris, France
Capel Curig, Snowdonia National Park, Wales, United Kingdom
The Parliament of Canada in Ottawa
Montalbano Elicona, Messina, Sicily, Italy
Kamikōchi, Nagano Prefecture, Japan
View of Tofino Bay, Vancouver, B.C.
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary, Washington state, USA
The Pinnacles on the Isle of Purbeck in Dorset, England
Vineyards in autumn, Burgundy
Mangrove forest, Phang Nga Bay, Andaman Sea, Thailand
Warnstedter Mühle in the sunset, Thale, Harz, Saxony-Anhalt
Stormy sky over Lake Geneva in Lausanne, Switzerland


It keeps moving, and Georgia's starting to worry. It's been there for months, just the old joke that gets stale in every office: big cardboard cutout, ha ha, put a lei on it, stick it in an empty cube.
Just a cardboard Crocodile Hunter, ha ha. But what's it hunting now?
Published on Monday, July 28, 2003, at 1:22 pm.


text:
In situ growth of nanoparticles through control of non-stoichiometry
Neagu, D., Tsekouras, G., Miller, D. N., Menard, H. & Irvine, J. T. S., Oct 2013, In : Nature Chemistry. 5, 11, p. 916-923 8 p.
A solid oxide fuel cell with lanthanum and calcium co-doped strontium titanate as support
Lu, L. Y., Verbraeken, M. C., Cassidy, M. & Irvine, J. T. S., 1 Jan 2013, In : ECS Transactions. 57, 1, p. 1415-1422 8 p.
Advances in Direct Carbon Fuel Cells
Jiang, C., Chien, A. & Irvine, J. T. S., 2013, Nanostructured and Advanced Materials for Fuel Cells. Jiang, S. P. & Shen, P. K. (eds.). CRC Press, p. 127 34 p.
Alternative Materials for SOFC's: Opportunities and Limitations
Irvine, J. T. S. & Connor, P. A., 2013, Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: Facts and Figures: Past, Present and Future Perspectives for SOFC Technologies. Irvine, J. T. S. & Connor, P. A. (eds.). New York: Springer, p. 163-180 17 p.
Alternative materials for SOFCs, opportunities and limitations
Irvine, J. T. S. & Connor, P., 3 Sep 2013, Solid Oxide Fuels Cells: Facts and Figures: Past Present and Future Perspectivs for SOFC Technologies. p. 163-180 18 p. (Green Energy and Technology; vol. 55).
An Investigation of crystal structure, surface area and surface chemistry of strontium niobate and their influence on photocatalytic performance
Efstathiou, P., Xu, X., Menard, H. & Irvine, J. T. S., Apr 2013, In : Dalton Transactions. 42, p. 7880-7887 8 p.
Ca-substituted, A-site deficient perovskite La0.2Sr0.7TiO3 as a potential anode material for SOFCs
Aljaberi, A. D. & Irvine, J. T. S., 21 May 2013, In : Journal of Materials Chemistry A. 1, 19, p. 5868-5874 7 p.
Calculation of a standard reformed biogas composition and testing on SOFC anode powders
Gamble, S. R., Neagu, D. & Irvine, J. T. S., 2013, ECS Transactions. 1 ed. Electrochemical Society, Vol. 57. p. 1527-1532 6 p. (ECS Transactions).
Carbon-Fuelled Solid Oxide Cells for Military Applications
Pointon, K., Irvine, J. T. S. & Bonaccorso, A. D., 2013, FUEL CELL SEMINAR 2012. Williams, MC. (ed.). PENNINGTON: ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC, p. 141-153 13 p. (ECS Transactions; vol. 51).
Controllable impregnation via inkjet printing for the fabrication of solid oxide cell air electrodes
Da'As, E. H., Irvine, J. T. S., Traversa, E. & Boulfrad, S., 1 Jan 2013, In : ECS Transactions. 57, 1, p. 1851-1857 7 p.
Development and Performance of MnFeCrO4-based Electrodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Stefan, E., Tsekouras, G. & Irvine, J. T. S., Nov 2013, In : Advanced Energy Materials. 3, 11, p. 1454–1462
Development and performance of MgFeCrO4 – based electrodes for solid oxide fuel cells
Stefan, E., Connor, P. A. & Irvine, J. T. S., 28 Jul 2013, In : Journal of Materials Chemistry A. 1, 28, p. 8262-8269 8 p.
Electrolysis of CO2 in a proton conducting membrane
Ruiz-Trejo, E. & Irvine, J. T. S., 1 Jan 2013, In : Solid State Ionics. 252, p. 157-164 8 p.
Fabrication of anode-supported zirconia thin film electrolyte based core–shell particle structure for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells
Peng, L. & Irvine, J. T. S., Jun 2013, In : Progress in Natural Science: Materials International. 23, 3, p. 302–307
Fuel Cells and the Hydrogen Economy
Irvine, J. T. S., Corre, G. P. G. & Xu, X., Jan 2013, Materials & Energy Vol 3. World Scientific Ltd, Vol. 3. p. 427-452 25 p.
Full ceramic fuel cells based on strontium titanate anodes, An approach towards more robust SOFCs
Holtappels, P., Irvine, J. T. S., Iwanschitz, B., Theil Kuhn, L., Lu, L. Y., Ma, Q., Malzbender, J., Mai, A., Ramos, T., Rass-Hansen, J., Sudireddy, B. R., Tietz, F., Vasechko, V., Veltzé, S. & Verbraeken, M. C., 1 Jan 2013, In : ECS Transactions. 57, 1, p. 1175-1184 10 p.
High temperature steam electrolysis at novel strontium titanates cathodes
Irvine, J. T. S., Tsekouras, G. & Neagu, D., 7 Apr 2013, In : Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society. 245, 1 p.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Abstract
Hybrid Molten Carbonate/ Solid Oxide Direct Carbon Fuel Cells
Chien, A. & Irvine, J. T. S., 2013, Molten Salts Chemistry: From Lab to Applications. Lantelme, F. & Groult, H. (eds.). First ed. USA: Elsevier, p. 403-412 9 p.
Hybrid direct carbon fuel cells with different types of mineral coal
Jiang, C., Ma, J., Arenillas, A. & Irvine, J. T. S., 1 Jan 2013, In : ECS Transactions. 57, 1, p. 3013-3021 9 p.
Improving the performance of SOFC anodes by decorating perovskite with Ni nanoparticles
Boulfrad, S., Cassidy, M., Traversa, E. & Irvine, J. T. S., 1 Jan 2013, In : ECS Transactions. 57, 1, p. 1211-1216 6 p.
Lithium iron oxide - An anode material for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell
Muhl, T. T. & Irvine, J. T. S., 1 Jan 2013, In : ECS Transactions. 57, 1, p. 1533-1538 6 p.
Microstructural engineering of SOFC and SOEC electrode interfaces
Irvine, J. T. S., 1 Jan 2013, In : ECS Transactions. 57, 1, p. 1297-1305 9 p.
Optiimisation and evaluation of perovskite anode supported SOFCs
Irvine, J. T. S., Verbraeken, M. C., Cassidy, M., Savaniu, C. D., Lu, L. & Alaberi, A., 7 Apr 2013, In : Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society. 245, 1 p.
Perovskite Defect Chemistry as Exemplified by Strontium Titanate
Neagu, D. & Irvine, J. T. S., 2013, Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry II: From Elements to Applications. Reedijk, J. & Poeppelmeier, K. (eds.). Elsevier, Vol. 4. p. 397 - 415 18 p.
Photocatalytic H2 generation from spinels ZnFe2O4, ZnFeGaO4 and ZnGa2O4
Xu, X., Azad, A. K. & Irvine, J. T. S., 1 Jan 2013, In : Catalysis Today. 199, p. 22-26 5 p.
Pre-coating of LSCM perovskite with metal catalyst for scalable high performance anodes
Boulfrad, S., Cassidy, M., Djurado, E., Irvine, J. T. S. & Jabbour, G., 26 Jul 2013, In : International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 38, 22, p. 9519-9524 6 p.
Irvine, J. T. S. & Connor, P., 3 Sep 2013, Solid Oxide Fuels Cells: Facts and Figures: Past Present and Future Perspectivs for SOFC Technologies. (Green Energy and Technology; vol. 55).
Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Foreword/postscript
Preparation via a solution method of La0.2Sr0.25Ca0.45TiO3 and its characterization for anode supported solid oxide fuel cells
Yaqub, A., Savaniu, C. D., Janjua, N. K. & Irvine, J. T. S., 7 Dec 2013, In : Journal of Materials Chemistry A. 1, 45, p. 14189-14197
Remarkable transition from rocksalt/perovskite layered structure to fluorite/rocksalt layered structure in rapidly cooled Ln2CuO4
Patabendige, C. N. K., Azad, A. K., Connor, P. A., Rolle, A. & Irvine, J. T. S., 21 Mar 2013, In : Scientific Reports. 3, 5 p., 1504.
Scale Up and Anode Development for La-Doped SrTiO3 Anode-Supported SOFCs
Savaniu, C. D., Miller, D. N. & Irvine, J. T. S., Jun 2013, In : Journal of the American Ceramic Society. 96, 6, p. 1718-1723 6 p.
Scaling up of the hybrid direct carbon fuel cell technology
Chien, A., Corre, G. P. G., Marques Antunes, R. M. & Irvine, J. T. S., 9 Jul 2013, In : International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 38, 20, p. 8497-8502
Solid oxide fuels cells: Facts and figures: Past, present and future perspectives for SOFC Technologies
Spin–glass transition in La0.75Sr0.25Mn0.5Cr0.5−xAlxO3−δ perovskites
Azad, A. K., Sanchez-Benitez, J. & Irvine, J. T. S., 7 Jul 2013, In : Materials Research Bulletin. 48, 7, p. 2482-2490 9 p.
Steam reforming of glycerol over Ni/gamma-Al2O3 for hydrogen production: Effect of catalyst loading, calcination, and reaction temperature
Umar, A. & Irvine, J. T. S., 8 Sep 2013, In : Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society. 246, 1 p.
Step-change in high temperature steam electrolysis performance of perovskite oxide cathodes with exsolution of B-site dopants
Tsekouras, G., Neagu, D. & Irvine, J. T. S., Jan 2013, In : Energy & Environmental Science. 6, 1, p. 256-266 11 p.
Synthesis and electrochemical characterization of T* La0.84Sm0.96Sr0.2CuO4 as a cathode material for IT-SOFC
Satapathy, A. K. & Irvine, J. T. S., 2013, HIGH TEMPERATURE EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES AND MEASUREMENTS. Jackson, G., Opila, E., Manivanan, A., Markus, T. & Walker, R. (eds.). PENNINGTON: ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC, p. 93-99 7 p. (ECS Transactions; vol. 58).
Synthesis of ammonia directly from air and water at ambient temperature and pressure
Lan, R., Irvine, J. T. S. & Tao, S., 29 Jan 2013, In : Scientific Reports. 3, 7 p., 1145.
(La,Sr)(Cr,Mn)O 3/GDC cathode for high temperature steam electrolysis and steam-carbon dioxide co-electrolysis
Yue, X. & Irvine, J. T. S., 4 Oct 2012, In : Solid State Ionics. 225, p. 131-135 5 p.
A red metallic oxide photocatalyst
Xu, X., Randorn, C., Efstathiou, P. & Irvine, J. T. S., Jul 2012, In : Nature Materials. 11, 7, p. 595-598 4 p.
Alternative Cathode Material for CO2 Reduction by High Temperature Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells
Yue, X. & Irvine, J. T. S., 2012, In : Journal of The Electrochemical Society. 159, 8, p. F442-F448 7 p.
Ammonia and related chemicals as potential indirect hydrogen storage materials
Lan, R., Irvine, J. T. S. & Tao, S., 2012, In : International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 37, 2, p. 1482–1494
Ceramic proton conducting membranes for the electrochemical production of syngas
Ruiz-Trejo, E. & Irvine, J. T. S., 28 May 2012, In : Solid State Ionics. 216, p. 36-40 5 p.
Characterisation of conductivity of the (Ce xY 0.2-x) Sc 0.6Zr 3.2O 8-δ (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2) system and composition Ce 0.04Y 0.02Sc 0.67Zr 3.27O 7.66 as function of time
De Carvalho, E. & Irvine, J. T. S., 1 Jan 2012, In : Ceramica. 58, 345, p. 1-7 7 p.
Characterization of layered perovskite oxides NdBa1-xSrxCo2O5+delta (x=0 and 0.5) as cathode materials for IT-SOFC
Kim, J. H. & Irvine, J. T. S., Apr 2012, In : International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 37, 7, p. 5920-5929 10 p.
Composite Oxygen Electrode Based on LSCM for Steam Electrolysis in a Proton Conducting Solid Oxide Electrolyzer
Gan, Y., Zhang, J., Li, Y., Li, S., Xie, K. & Irvine, J. T. S., 2012, In : Journal of The Electrochemical Society. 159, 11, p. F763-F767 5 p.
Demonstration of high power, direct conversion of waste-derived carbon in a hybrid direct carbon fuel cell
Jiang, C., Ma, J., Bonaccorso, A. D. & Irvine, J. T. S., May 2012, In : Energy & Environmental Science. 5, 5, p. 6973-6980 8 p.
Development of tubular hybrid direct carbon fuel cell
Bonaccorso, A. D. & Irvine, J. T., Dec 2012, In : International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 37, 24, p. 19337-19344 8 p.
Directly Imaging Interstitial Oxygen in Silicate Apatite
Zhang, Y., Su, Z., Azad, A. K., Zhou, W. & Irvine, J. T. S., Mar 2012, In : Advanced Energy Materials. 2, 3, p. 316-321 6 p.
Evaluation of Ca Doped La0.2Sr0.7TiO3 as an Alternative Material for Use in SOFC Anodes
Verbraeken, M. C., Iwanschitz, B., Mai, A. & Irvine, J. T. S., 2012, In : Journal of The Electrochemical Society. 159, 11, p. F757-F762 6 p.
Heteroatom-Modulated Switching of Photocatalytic Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution Preferences of Anatase TiO2 Microspheres
Liu, G., Pan, J., Yin, L., Irvine, J. T. S., Li, F., Tan, J., Wormald, P. & Cheng, H-M., 7 Aug 2012, In : Advanced Functional Materials. 22, 15, p. 3233-3238 6 p.
Impedance Studies on LSCM/GDC Cathode for High Temperature CO2 Electrolysis
Yue, X. & Irvine, J. T. S., 2012, In : Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters. 15, 3, p. B31-B34 4 p.
Impedance studies on LSCM/GDC composite cathode for high temperature CO2 electrolysis
Yue, X. & Irvine, J. T. S., 1 Dec 2012, Electrochemical Synthesis of Fuels 1. 33 ed. Vol. 41. p. 87-95 9 p.
Modeling a Reversible Solid Oxide Fuel Cell as a Storage Device Within AC Power Networks
Ren, J., Gamble, S. R., Roscoe, A. J., Irvine, J. T. S. & Burt, G., Oct 2012, In : Fuel Cells. 12, 5, p. 773-786 14 p.
On the Existence of A-Site Deficiency in Perovskites and Its Relation to the Electrochemical Performance
Konysheva, E., Xu, X. & Irvine, J. T. S., 24 Jan 2012, In : Advanced Materials. 24, 4, p. 528-532 5 p.
Solid oxide fuel cells: Theory and materials
Tesfai, A. & Irvine, J. T. S., 1 Jan 2012, Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Technology. ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, Vol. 4. p. 261-276 16 p.
Syntheses and proton conductivity of mesoporous Nd2O3-SiO2 and NdOCl-SiO2 composites
Yue, W., Xu, X., Su, Z., Irvine, J. T. S., Zou, Y., Liu, Y. & Zhou, W., Mar 2012, In : Journal of Materials Science. 47, 5, p. 2146-2154 9 p.
The catalytic effect of impregnated (La, Sr)(Ti, Mn)O3±δ with CeO2 and Pd as potential anode materials in high temperature solid oxide fuel cells
Kim, J. H., Schlegl, H. & Irvine, J. T. S., Oct 2012, In : International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 37, 19, p. 14511-14517 7 p.
8YSZ/(La0.8Sr0.2)0.95MnO3–delta cathode performance at 1–3 bar oxygen pressures
Gamble, S. R. & Irvine, J. T. S., 2011, In : Solid State Ionics. 192, p. 394-397
8YSZ/(La0.8Sr0.2)0.95MnO3–δ cathode performance at 1–3bar oxygen pressures
Gamble, S. R. & Irvine, J. T. S., 1 Jun 2011, In : Solid State Ionics. 192, 1, p. 394-397
A structural study of the proton conducting B-site ordered perovskite Ba3Ca1.18Ta1.82O8 .73
Verbraeken, M. C., De Araujo Lamas Viana, G., Wormald, P. & Irvine, J. T. S., 25 May 2011, In : Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter. 23, 23, 7 p., 234111.
B-site doping of lanthanum strontium titanate for solid oxide fuel cell anodes
Miller, D. N. & Irvine, J. T. S., 2011, In : Journal of Power Sources. 196, p. 7323-7327
Catalysis and oxidation of carbon in a hybrid direct carbon fuel cell
Jiang, C. & Irvine, J. T. S., 2011, In : Journal of Power Sources. 196, p. 7318-7322
Characterization of YSr2Fe3O8 − δ as electrode materials for SOFC
Azad, A. K. & Irvine, J. T. S., 16 Jun 2011, In : Solid State Ionics. 192, 1, p. 225-228 4 p.
Complex perovskite A 3NiNb 2O 9 (A = Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba) as photocatalysts for H 2 production from aqueous solution under visible light irradiation
Xu, X., Liu, G., Ni, S. & Irvine, J. T. S., 1 Dec 2011.
Complex perovskite A(3)NiNb(2)O(9) (A = Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba) as photocatalysts for H-2 production from aqueous solution under visible light irradiation
Xu, X., Liu, G., Ni, S. & Irvine, J. T. S., 28 Aug 2011, In : Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society. 242, p. - 1 p.
Direct synthesis of methane from CO2/H2O in an oxygen-ion conducting solid oxide electrolyser
Xie, K., Zhang, Y., Meng, G. & Irvine, J. T. S., Jun 2011, In : Energy & Environmental Science. 4, 6, p. 2218-2222 5 p.
Electrical properties of bulk and grain boundaries of scandia-stabilized zirconia co-doped with yttria and ceria
Preis, W., Waldhäusl, J., Egger, A., Sitte, W., De Carvalho Tomás, E. M. S. & Irvine, J. T. S., 2011, In : Solid State Ionics. 192, 1, p. 148-152
Electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide and water
Irvine, J. T. S., 28 Aug 2011, In : Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society. 242, p. - 1 p.
Electrochemical reduction of CO2 in a proton conducting solid oxide electrolyser
Xie, K., Zhang, Y., Meng, G. & Irvine, J. T. S., 2011, In : Journal of Materials Chemistry. 21, 1, p. 195-198
Enhancing Electronic Conductivity in Strontium Titanates through Correlated A and B-Site Doping
Neagu, D. & Irvine, J. T. S., 22 Mar 2011, In : Chemistry of Materials. 23, 6, p. 1607-1617 11 p.
Fabrication and Development of Perovskite Anode Supported Planar SOFCs
Tesfai, A., Savaniu, C. & Irvine, J. T. S., 2011, Solid Oxide Fuel Cells 12 (SOFC XII). Singhal, SC. & Eguchi, K. (eds.). PENNINGTON: ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC, p. 557-563 7 p. (ECS Transactions; vol. 35, no. 1).
In Situ High-Temperature Neutron Diffraction Study of A-Site Deficient Perovskites with Transition Metals on the B-Sublattice and Structure-Conductivity Correlation
Konysheva, E. & Irvine, J. T. S., 12 Apr 2011, In : Chemistry of Materials. 23, 7, p. 1841-1850 10 p.
Investigation of Microstructural and Electrochemical Properties of Impregnated (La,Sr)(Ti,Mn)O3 +/-δ as a Potential Anode Material in High-Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Kim, J. H., Miller, D., Schlegl, H., McGrouther, D. & Irvine, J. T. S., 13 Sep 2011, In : Chemistry of Materials. 23, 17, p. 3841-3847 7 p.
La-doped SrTiO3 as anode material for IT-SOFC
Savaniu, C. D. & Irvine, J. T. S., Jun 2011, In : Solid State Ionics. 192, 1, p. 491-493
NbTi0.5Ni0.5O4 as anode compound material for SOFCs
Boulfrad, S., Cassidy, M. & Irvine, J. T. S., 2011, In : Solid State Ionics. 197, 1, p. 37-41
Novel redox reversible oxide, Sr-doped cerium orthovanadate to metavanadate
Petit, C. T. G., Lan, R., Cowin, P. I., Irvine, J. T. S. & Tao, S., 2011, In : Journal of Materials Chemistry. 21, 2, p. 525-531 7 p.
Optimisation of the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) cathode material Ca3Co4O9-δ
Rolle, A. C., Boulfrad, S., Nagasawa, K., Nakatsugawa, H., Mentre, O., Irvine, J. T. S. & Daviero-Minaud, S., 1 Sep 2011, In : Journal of Power Sources. 196, 17, p. 7328-7332 5 p.
Order and disorder in Ca2ND0.90H0.10 - A structural and thermal study
Verbraeken, M. C., Suard, E. & Irvine, J. T. S., Aug 2011, In : Journal of Solid State Chemistry. 184, 8, p. 2088-2096 9 p.
Proceedings of 2010 European Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Forum Foreword
Irvine, J., 1 Sep 2011, In : Journal of Power Sources. 196, 17, p. 7057-7057 1 p.
Recent Progress in the Development of Anode Materials for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Cowin, P. I., Petit, C. T. G., Lan, R., Irvine, J. T. S. & Tao, S., May 2011, In : Advanced Energy Materials. 1, 3, p. 314-332 19 p.
Red-ox behaviour in the La0.6Sr0.4CoO3 +/-delta-CeO2 system
Konysheva, E. Y., Francis, S. M., Irvine, J. T. S., Rolle, A. & Vannier, R-N., 2011, In : Journal of Materials Chemistry. 21, 39, p. 15511-15520 10 p.
Special Issue EMRS Spring Meeting June 7-10, 2010, Strasbourg, France Exploring Chemical and Structural Complexity of Novel Ion Conductors Preface
Merkle, R., Irvine, J. T. S., Knauth, P. & Ramanathan, S., 3 Mar 2011, In : Solid State Ionics. 184, 1, p. 1-1 1 p.
Structural Disorder in Doped Zirconias, Part I: The Zr0.8Sc0.2-xYxO1.9 (0.0 System
Norberg, S. T., Hull, S., Ahmed, I., Eriksson, S. G., Marrocchelli, D., Madden, P. A., Li, P. & Irvine, J. T. S., 22 Mar 2011, In : Chemistry of Materials. 23, 6, p. 1356-1364 9 p.
Structure, conductivity and redox reversibility of Ca-doped cerium metavanadate
Petit, C. T. G., Lan, R., Cowin, P. I., Irvine, J. T. S. & Tao, S., 2011, In : Journal of Materials Chemistry. 21, 24, p. 8854-8861 8 p.
Structure-property relationship in layered perovskite cathode LnBa0.5Sr0.5Co2O5+δ (Ln = Pr, Nd) for solid oxide fuel cells
Azad, A. K., Kim, J. H. & Irvine, J. T. S., 1 Sep 2011, In : Journal of Power Sources. 196, 17, p. 7333-7337 5 p.
Studies on Direct Ethanol use in SOFCs
Corre, G. P. G. & Irvine, J. T. S., 2011, Solid Oxide Fuel Cells 12 (SOFC XII). Singhal, SC. & Eguchi, K. (eds.). PENNINGTON: ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC, p. 2845-2854 10 p. (ECS Transactions; vol. 35, no. 1).
Study of Ga Doped LSCM as an Anode for SOFC
Ghosh, A., Azad, A. K. & Irvine, J. T. S., 2011, Solid Oxide Fuel Cells 12 (SOFC XII). Singhal, SC. & Eguchi, K. (eds.). PENNINGTON: ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC, p. 1337-1343 7 p. (ECS Transactions; vol. 35, no. 1).
Symmetric and reversible solid oxide fuel cells
Carlos Ruiz-Morales, J., Marrero-Lopez, D., Canales-Vazquez, J. & Irvine, J. T. S., 2011, In : RSC Advances. 1, 8, p. 1403-1414 12 p.
Synthesis and characterization of chromium spinels as potential electrode support materials for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells
Stefan, E. & Irvine, J. T. S., Nov 2011, In : Journal of Materials Science. 46, 22, p. 7191-7197 7 p.
The La0.95Ni0.6Fe0.4O3-CeO2 system: Phase equilibria, crystal structure of components and transport properties
Konysheva, E. & Irvine, J. T. S., Jun 2011, In : Journal of Solid State Chemistry. 184, 6, p. 1499-1504 6 p.
The La0.95Ni0.6Fe0.4O3–CeO2 system:
Konysheva, E. & Irvine, J. T. S., 2011, In : Journal of Solid State Chemistry. p. 1499–7337
The role of defect chemistry in strontium titanates utilised for high temperature steam electrolysis
Tsekouras, G. & Irvine, J. T. S., 2011, In : Journal of Materials Chemistry. 21, 25, p. 9367-9376 10 p.
Thermal Cycling Evaluation of Rolled Tubular Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Tesfai, A., Connor, P., Nairn, J. & Irvine, J. T. S., Dec 2011, In : Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology. 8, 6, p. - 3 p., 061001.
Transport properties of multi-cations doped cerium oxide
Konysheva, E. & Irvine, J. T. S., 2011, In : Solid State Ionics. 184, 1, p. 27 - 30
g-C3N4 coated SrTiO3 as an efficient photocatalyst for H2 production in aqueous solution under visible light irradiation
Xu, X., Liu, G., Randorn, C. & Irvine, J. T. S., 2011, In : International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 36, 21, p. 13501-13507
A direct urea fuel cell - power from fertiliser and waste
Lan, R., Tao, S. & Irvine, J. T. S., 2010, In : Energy & Environmental Science. 3, 4, p. 438-441 4 p.
A fuel cell operating between room temperature and 250 degrees C based on a new phosphoric acid based composite electrolyte
Lan, R., Xu, X., Tao, S. & Irvine, J. T. S., 15 Oct 2010, In : Journal of Power Sources. 195, 20, p. 6983-6987 5 p.
A redox-stable efficient anode for solid-oxide fuel cells
Tao, S. & Irvine, J. T. S., 1 Jan 2010, Materials for Sustainable Energy: A Collection of Peer-Reviewed Research and Review Articles from Nature Publishing Group. World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte Ltd, p. 259-262 4 p.
Adhesion and Percolation Parameters in Two Dimensional Pd-LSCM Composites for SOFC Anode Current Collection
Boulfrad, S., Cassidy, M. & Irvine, J. T. S., 9 Mar 2010, In : Advanced Functional Materials. 20, 5, p. 861-866 6 p.
Advanced anodes for high-temperature fuel cells
Atkinson, A., Barnett, S., Gorte, R. J., Irvine, J. T. S., Mc Evoy, A. J., Mogensen, M., Singhal, S. C. & Vohs, J., 1 Jan 2010, Materials for Sustainable Energy: A Collection of Peer-Reviewed Research and Review Articles from Nature Publishing Group. World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte Ltd, p. 213-223 11 p.
Does not have DOI (172)


While we take a moment of silence for the ones who lost their lives in the stampede at Mumbai's Elphinstone station, I really wonder if silence is what they need.
This article is an attempt to highlight the plight of those who lost their lives and their families. It is an imagined obituary of one of the victims who passed away in the disturbing incident.
Aditya* died in the stampede that happened at Elphinstone station of Mumbai as he was out in the world to chase his dreams unaware about what future had in store for him. He had left home after having a hearty breakfast that his mother had made for him with oodles of love and promised that he would spend more time with her on the eve of Dussehra. He was an engineer who had plans for making India connected but also wanted to have a simple life, start a family.
He hurriedly left his home and managed to get on a heavily crowded train because if he would be late at work, he wouldn't get his pay for that day. His father had passed away when he was a child and he couldn't afford to forgo one day's pay even if that meant risking his life to get on a over-crowded train as he hanged half-outside the train compartment. His bosses wouldn't understand.
As he alighted on Elphinstone station and made his way to the steps of the narrow foot over bridge like everyday, braving through the crowd, he imagined how amazing it would be to enjoy the long weekend with his friends and family, also making plans to play garba that night. He stopped short as he saw that it had suddenly started raining and he had forgotten to carry his umbrella. The expensive laptop that his company had given him was not in a waterproof bag and he couldn't risk spoiling it. He decided to wait and took out his phone to call his friend, asking where he was but his friend didn't answer.
He opened his facebook account to scroll through it while he waited for the rain to stop. He browsed through articles about civic negligence, scams of crores of rupees out of money that was allotted for better infrastructure, about the railway budget being deficit and about the new bullet train. Just as he had began reading the last article, he heard a commotion on the top of the stairs. Someone was screaming that the bridge was collapsing. He panicked. In a minute after that, he was buried under a pile of human bodies, bleeding from his head and suffocating himself. He breathed his last, all alone, like dozens of other people around him.
When his constantly-ringing phone was answered by a police officer as the officer had read 'mom' on the screen, the officer asked his mother to reach KEM hospital. His mother was devastated. She froze for a few seconds before she ran outside her house to get to the hospital. When she saw a number written on her son's dead body and how the fact that the Chief Minister had offered an ex-gratia of ₹5lakh made her think only about how her son always wanted to buy a bike to commute, she remembered how he had promised to spend the Dussehra with her. She couldn't cry. He was with her on Dussehra. But wasn't breathing.
Aditya* was an ambitious Mumbaikar who died to awaken, even if for a moment, the indifferent bodies of authorities who refused to look at how the 'city of dreams' was now, killing dreams.
Humble condolences to the families of the victims of the Elphinstone stampede. While the authorities may have opened their eyes to the crumbling lifeline of Mumbai it is our request to the people to be more careful and avoid crowded places.


Routine bacterial monitoring of shellfish beds using indicator species is a common global practice designed to prevent human consumption of contaminated shellfish products. However, current bacteriological monitoring procedures which focus on the quantification of faecal indicator organisms (FIOs) as a proxy for microbial pollution may not be representative of total bacterial contamination levels present in shellfish harvesting areas. The objective of this study was to critically assess the accuracy of current monitoring strategies by quantifying the spatial (lateral and longitudinal distance) and temporal (seasonality and tidal state) concentrations of FIOs (Escherichia coli and total coliforms) within a single intertidal commercially harvested shellfish bed. Spatial and temporal FIO dynamics, including the effects of tidal state and seasonality, were quantified in mussel flesh and sediment samples from a single intertidal mussel (Mytilus edulis) bed. Our results confirmed that FIO concentrations across a shellfish bed were heterogeneous over larger spatial and temporal scales, but showed no relation to the concentrations of autochthonous bacteria, such as Vibrio spp., or the physico-chemical parameters of the sediment. These results have important implications for both public health and the economic prosperity of the shellfish industry, and demonstrate the importance of accommodating both spatial and temporal fluctuations in routine bacteriological monitoring protocols. We conclude that current FIO monitoring procedures may not accurately represent levels of microbial contamination within shellfish harvesting areas and that more robust microbiological testing procedures need developing.


text:
AZRE, ABT & LTCH Class Action Deadlines: Bronstein, Gewirtz & Grossman, LLC, A Successful Firm, Reminds Investors to Actively Participate
Bronstein, Gewirtz and Grossman, LLC
https://www.bgandg.com/
NEW YORK, NY / ACCESSWIRE / September 29, 2022 / Bronstein, Gewirtz & Grossman, LLC reminds investors that a class action lawsuit has been filed against the following publicly-traded companies. You can review a copy of the Complaints by visiting the links below or you may contact Peretz Bronstein, Esq. or his Law Clerk and Client Relations Manager, Yael Nathanson of Bronstein, Gewirtz & Grossman, LLC at 212-697-6484. If you suffered a loss, you can request that the Court appoint you as lead plaintiff. Your ability to share in any recovery doesn't require that you serve as a lead plaintiff. A lead plaintiff acts on behalf of all other class members in directing the litigation. The lead plaintiff can select a law firm of its choice. An investor's ability to share in any potential future recovery is not dependent upon serving as lead plaintiff.
Azure Power Global Limited (NYSE:AZRE)
Class Period: June 15, 2021 - August 26, 2022
For more info:www.bgandg.com/azre.
The complaint filed in this class action alleges that throughout the Class Period, Defendants made materially false and/or misleading statements, as well as failed to disclose material adverse facts about the Company's business, operations, and prospects. Specifically, the complaint alleges that Defendants failed to disclose to investors that: (1) there were procedural irregularities, including deviations from safety and quality standards, at one of Azure's plants; (2) certain project data was manipulated; (3) as a result of the foregoing, the Company's internal controls and procedures were not effective; (4) Azure had received a credible whistleblower report alleging such misconduct; and (5) as a result of the foregoing, Defendants' positive statements about the Company's business, operations, and prospects were materially misleading and/or lacked a reasonable basis.
Abbott Laboratories (NYSE:ABT)
Class Period: February 19, 2021 - June 8, 2022
For more info:www.bgandg.com/abt.
The complaint alleges that, throughout the Class Period, Defendants made numerous materially false and misleading statements and omissions concerning what the U.S. Food and Drug Administration ("FDA") called "egregiously unsanitary" conditions at the Company's Sturgis facility. Specifically, the complaint alleges that Defendants repeatedly touted to investors the safety and salability of Abbott's infant formula brands and their contribution to the Company's sales and revenue growth.
Latch, Inc. f/k/a TS Innovation Acquisitions Corp.
(NASDAQ: LTCH, TCHW, SIA,TSIAW,TSIAU)
Class Period: May 13, 2021 - August 25, 2022
For more info:www.bgandg.com/ltch.
The Complaint alleges that throughout the Class Period, defendants made materially false and/or misleading statements, as well as failed to disclose material adverse facts about the Company's business, operations, and prospects. Specifically, defendants failed to disclose to investors that: (1) there were unreported sales arrangements related to hardware devices; (2) as a result, the Company had improperly recognized revenue throughout fiscal 2021 and first quarter 2022; (3) there were material weaknesses in Latch's internal control over financial reporting related to revenue recognition; (4) as a result of the foregoing, Latch would restate financial statements for fiscal 2021 and first quarter 2022; and (5) as a result of the foregoing, defendants' positive statements about the Company's business, operations, and prospects were materially misleading and/or lacked a reasonable basis.
Bronstein, Gewirtz & Grossman, LLC
Peretz Bronstein or Yael Nathanson
SOURCE: Bronstein, Gewirtz & Grossman, LLC


text:
La Piémontaise (aussi connue sous le nom de « Mon Dieu Que J'en Suis à Mon Aise ») est un chant militaire et une chanson populaire française composée sur un texte d'Auguste Barbier et existant sous différentes versions en France et en Suisse. Le chant est adopté par le  d'infanterie (connu durant l'Ancien Régime sous le nom de Régiment de Piémont). La chanson raconte un échange entre un homme et sa compagne, l'homme s'apprêtant à partir combattre en Italie vraisemblablement durant la campagne d'Italie de François .

Paroles

Les paroles de La Piémontaise du  d'infanterie sont les suivantes :

Reprise

En 2010, la chanson est reprise et arrangée dans une version mineure (« blues ») par Joan de Nadau.

Sources

Références

Bibliographie

Chant militaire français
Marche militaire

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Harmonious! Rich, ripe fruit of poached pears, pineapple, butter roasted nuts. Silky on the palate with tremendous saturation, depth and body with balancing acidity. Pair with roast chicken, veal chops, creamy pastas.
The Lamy family have been farming in the village of Chassagne-Montrachet since the mid 1700s. Located in Chassagne-Montrachet Lamy gets tremendous extraction and layering in his white wines. The Le Charmois vineyard is set in both limestone and marl soils which always give the wines a more pronounced mineral aroma and flavors.
This vintage is such a harmonious combination of rich, ripe fruit and balancing acidity. Poached pears and some pineapple and butter roasted nuts. Silky, almost oily in the mouth with tremendous saturation and depth. Big body and with the perfect amount of acid to keep it from coming off as clunky. I think it drinks lovely now but you could easily hold this for five to seven years.


Substantial information is uncovered about Final Fantasy VII Remake's field design, EA cancels a Star Wars game, and Activision gets sued over their split with Bungie in the news of the week!
Nintendo is withholding Super Nintendo games on Switch, Yosuke Matsuda unveils the Square Enix 2019 strategy, and leaks suggest a full unveiling for Final Fantasy VII Remake in April of this year in the news of the week!
Bloodstained has been cancelled on Mac and Linux, Overwatch is introducing a fun new thought control regimen, and Blizzard is falling to pieces in the news of the week!
Tetsuya Nomura has deliberately ruined the physical version of Kingdom Hearts III, and the ceasing production of Vita cards has hurt Limited Run release plans in the news of the week!


I couldn't make it to Feast for almost week after opening day. Every day another dish that normally requires a trip to London would appear on the menu. The next day it was gone. Knowing that some of the most interesting cooking is entirely inaccessible across the ocean is one thing. Knowing that it's across town is quite another. So after a string of unfortunate events that kept me away from duck hearts, livers, tongues and other unmentionables I dragged three of my friends to Feast for lunch.
It was a little odd to see the space recently occupied by Chez George transformed so much. A few months ago it was a charming old house with creaky floors and ancient diners in suits eating continental food. Walk into Feast today you might think you're in a neighborhood diner on Notting Hill. The space looks more open and full of light. Where a place like Ristorante Cavour feels like a facsimile created by an interior designer, Feast with it's dark woods, family photos and subtle touches throughout the restaurant make it feel as if someone actually lives there. It's a great place to eat.
I was a little apprehensive about my fist visit to Feast. Would it live up to my expectations? More important, would it meet the expectations of the other three people I took with me or would this be yet another place everyone except for me hates? I need not have worried. Feast is spectacular. And it pulls off broad appeal far better than I expected.
I had an rather uneven experience at St John, where one of the chefs behind Feast spent some time and perhaps the closest proxy to what Feast is bringing to Houston. My food was better than good. It was special. Fergus Henderson may not have invented whole beast eating – people have been doing that for centuries – but he did take "nose to tail" cooking to the level previosly found only in fine dining. What Henderson is doing is very bit as important to evolution of what and how we eat as Ferran Adrià. While St John is far from a high end restaurant, it is ground zero for people interested more in eating than dining. Problem was that while I was digging into brain terrine and deviled kidneys at St John, my dining companions were rather miserable.
St John caters to the faithful and it's small menu lacks reasonably safe options for a diner that stops by for a casual meal. It's a destination restaurant and the menu choices reflect that. Feast succeeds in being a neighborhood joint on the cutting edge, delivering interesting options with rare cuts and unusual ingredients alongside non-threatening dishes most people would can easily identify as "normal food". A vegetarian at St John feels like an unwilling participant in a cannibal dinner party. At Feast you find not one, but two vegetarian dishes that look like they took far more thought than the "veggie surprise" platter that most restaurants serve.
My first lunch at Feast visit drew rave reviews from everyone at the table, which didn't happen at St John (which is not to say one is better than the other, they operate in different worlds). Juniper braised lamb shank with mashed potatoes and carrots was executed well enough that my friend declared that he could easily go for 3-4 more and not get tired of it. Shepherds pie wasn't met with quite the same enthusiasm, but I was assured it was an excellent shepherds pie as far as shepherd pies go. I had a chance to try the cabbage stuffed with braised oxtail and it had a very nicely balanced flavor. Wine based braises tend to be strong, but the charred cabbage provided a slightly bitter contrast in both texture and flavor to the meat. Very nice dish.
Not one for restraint I discarded the "have a small lunch" logic and ordered an appetizer and a main dish. Although not on the menu that day, I was lucky enough to score the last few servings of duck hearts and liver, which came out with on top of a few slices of grilled bread and served with an almost viscous reduction sauce. Livers and hearts have long been my favorite part of making roast chicken, which along with the oysters become the cook's spoils. Toss the contents of the gizzard bag with some salt and pepper, throw it into the roasting pan once the chicken begins to release the juices and within 15-20 minutes you have yourself a perfectly cooked appetizer of tasty bits that require nothing more than some french bread to soak up the drippings. The duck heart at Feast was good and reasonably well cooked, but hearts typically require either aggressive seasoning or some other flavoring agent, like the chicken hearts at Nelore that come marinated in wine. By the time I figured out that the red wine reduction could have solved the flavor problem for me, the lonely duck heart I got was long gone.
The duck livers delivered a much bigger flavor hit. Duck liver is a bit more mild and much more smooth than chicken livers, giving it a great texture that works very well with bigger flavors in rustic cooking. Few places cook liver right (even Da Marco falters here sometimes), but the liver at Feast came out pink and perfectly tender. It's overcooked liver that people most often have such a revolting reaction to, so if you want to try it again look no further than Feast. These people know their liver.
My entree of Ox Tongue delivered on every point. The tongue was braised just long enough to soften the meat fibers, but not turn them into mush. The tongue was pan fried, giving it a nice brown crust with not a hint of oil or grease. The combination of mashed potatoes and the sweet savoy cabbage was a spectacular side. The cabbage was too sweet to eat on its own, but combining the two in the right proportions gave you just the right flavor that didn't overwhelm the subtle flavor of the tongue.
So, we finally have a place in Houston where you can get some testicles or pigeon to start, order a swordfish for dinner and finish with a perfectly unassuming chocolate cake. Whether you like offal or more "normal" food, go to Feast before it gets mobbed like all hot new restaurants tend to. You won't be sorry for long.


USC vs Coastal: Odds CCU ever becomes true 3rd SC rivalry team?
Thread: USC vs Coastal: Odds CCU ever becomes true 3rd SC rivalry team?
Related to first game vs Coastal: CCU is now officially FBS (I still prefer 1-A vs 1-AA but whatever). What are the odds Coastal ever becomes a true 3rd power team in SC along with USC and Clemson? They're in the Sun Belt with Appalachian State and Id argue App State has become a legit FBS team within their state comparable to UNC and NCSU, for sure.
Will Coastal EVER come close to being good enough to make the Palmetto State bragging rights a true 3 way competition???
They have the appeal of being near Myrtle Beach which is very easy to sell to 18 year old kids. But very little history outside of their highly successful years in FCS/1-AA. Stadium is sub par by FBS standard but so is App States and they're doing well anyway.
Re: USC vs Coastal: Odds CCU ever becomes true 3rd SC rivalry team?
Well if the start a big fight and do some other unsportsmanlike actions, they might become an instant rival. But very unlikely.
Possibly in 20-30 years there is already tons of students at coastal from all over and its increasing extremely rapidly as the yankee mass exodus continues to our once quaint grand strand however they will have to move their stadium. I ride by it pretty regularly and it looks as if they are expanding it as we speak however it is right on highway 544 and this construction they are doing right now I have no clue how they will make it fit as far as I know they can't build stands over a highway correct? When I've been up north there is buildings over the road maybe they can do a stand over the road but highway 544 is the main road into surfside beach and I don't see the little local college having the sway to have the highway moved. It takes the dot 15 years to get a few overpasses opened down here lol.
But we and the ugly urange folks are safe from the mighty chanticleers football powerhouse for quite a while. But we are giving them online bulletin board material to come out and aim for the kneecaps like the volunteers do against us.
I think they could. However, it would be more important for them than us for sure. I would compare it to say ECU and NC State. ECU is a pretty big University, but in terms of importance it would be very similar.
CCU is growing rapidly, but it will take some more time for them to get settled into the big league. I could see them in the American Conference at some point though. They would probably never make it in to any of the major conferences.
That's a great question. I have a close friend that works in Coastal's athletics department and she tells me they are pushing hard to become a power within the state. They currently don't get a ton of respect but they are actively trying to change that.
Not anytime soon. FCS to FBS is a tough transition. And even when they do get settled and get something going in the Sun Belt, there will always be a talent gap.
I don't see it anytime soon. And up in NC, ECU is way closer to NCST and UNC than App State.
Not anytime soon but they've risen to FBS so they'd be a candidate if they can continue to better their program. They certainly have a better chance than any other team in the state.
About as likely as GaSouthern, S. Alabama, and Southern Miss doing the same in their states with one of their two bigger FBS schools. Not happening.
No, because they will never be in a P5 conference; they will always be the fake roosters.
I think something like FAU is their ceiling, not even a South Florida or Central Florida.
Depending on how things go at FAU that ceiling may get raised up quite a bit. Lane Kiffin may be a gigantic asshat but he's raising that school's profile and if he stays a bit longer they could string together some conference titles and maybe be that non Power 5 team playing on NYD.
I bet they give us a scare with all the offensive changes. You know they will be coming in like this is the Super Bowl.
I'll be interested to see how it plays out. I get what you're saying about the offensive changes but this style of offense could also increase the level of blowout that it is. If our defense can get some stops early I think we run away with the game, if they can't it could be a contest in the 2nd half.
Coastal is interesting. They won't rival us or Clemson in football for a very, very long time. If ever...maybe. But they proved their chops to some extent by winning the CWS in 2016. There was a time when we would have scoffed at them in baseball as well.
That campus is stunning and the location is unbeatable, just 20 minutes from the beach. The football is stadium is small, but very attractive.
CCU is absolutely laser-focused on growth and are seemingly doing everything right. If you told someone 20 years ago that we'd be playing CCU for our home opener in football in 20 years, they'd have laughed in your face...b/c CCU didn't even field a football team until 2003. Now they're in FBS. They aren't screwing around.
If I were in USC's AD, I wouldn't be worried about them as a rival......but I'd be keeping an eye on them.
Last edited by Lancelot; 08-10-2018 at 07:59 AM.
The SEC isn't going to add small potatoes schools like that. Mizzou adds 2 large TV markets; they're only leaving if by their own accord.


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