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What is Biomonitoring?
A method of assessing human exposure to chemicals
be used to determine environmental exposure directly rather than relying on models based on environmental testing, such as air or drinking water samples
Involves measuring environmental chemicals (or their metabolites or reaction products) in human tissues and fluids, such as blood and urine
Integrates all pathways/routes of exposure (such as ingestion or inhalation) to chemicals from all sources, including chemicals in the air, water, food, soil, dust, and consumer products
Learn About Biomonitoring
Why Important
The purposes of biomonitoring include:
Determine which chemicals are getting into people's bodies and how much of those chemicals are in blood, urine, breast milk, or saliva
Empower individuals to make decisions around controlling exposures to reduce negative impacts on health
Monitor the number of people who have chemicals in their bodies at higher levels compared to a representative sample of residents in the US
Track exposure trends over time
Help assess the effectiveness of public health actions to prevent excessive exposure to chemicals. Such public health and health promotion actions include:
Public health policies/interventions
Safer consumer product development
The basic steps in biomonitoring are:
Identify community
Recruit participants
Analyze samples
Report-back to participants
Empower individuals to make decisions around controlling exposures to reduce negative impacts on health.
Current biomonitoring work in NM
In collaboration with the three other four corners states (Arizona, Colorado, and Utah), the New Mexico Department of Health has received funding from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to develop biomonitoring capacity within the state and region.
The four corners states region, and specifically New Mexico differ considerably from the rest of the country. For example, the region and state have a highly rural nature and relatively low population density as well as richness in natural mineral resources. The work in New Mexico will allow us to understand how chemical levels in our bodies compare to the country, and if there are specific exposures we should be concerned about.
During this 5-year cooperative agreement with CDC (2014 - 2019), the Four Corners States Biomonitoring Consortium (4CSBC) will be conducting various studies throughout the region to investigate the following potential environmental exposures:
Metals (arsenic, cadmium, manganese, mercury, selenium, and uranium) through private-well drinking water, and other sources, like food and dietary supplements (see https://nmtracking.org/environment/water/private_wells/Assessment.html)
Phthalates, which are chemicals used in plastics and some consumer products
Herbicides, used in both agricultural and domestic settings to kill weeds or unwanted plants
Para-dichlorobenzene, which is a chemical used in disinfectants, pesticides, and some consumer products
Pyrethroid-containing insecticides used for insect control around homes, recreational areas, and for mosquito control
4CSBC reports:
Metals Exposure and Private Well Water Assessment in Southeastern Sandoval County
The Southeastern Sandoval County area is known to have high levels of naturally occurring arsenic in the ground water. Because private wells do not require periodic testing by law, it is difficult for us to know how many private wells have high levels of arsenic in their water. We also do not know how many people living in this area, who use private wells as their source of drinking water, might be exposed to high arsenic levels, and/or other metals from the water and other sources.
Report being finalized
The 4CSBC project is made possible by funding from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The CDC is part of the US Department of Health and Human Services. The title of the grant is "The 4 Corner States are Collaborating to Develop and Enhance Biomonitoring Capability to Assess Human Exposure in this Region". The award number is 5U88EH001153. The study period is from September 1, 2014 through August 31, 2019.
Previous biomonitoring work in NM
Arsenic Exposure in a New Mexico Urban Community on Private Well Water
Arsenic (As) in private well drinking water is a public health concern in New Mexico, where it has been measured in groundwater in several locations at concentrations above the Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 10 micrograms per Liter (mcg/L). Arsenic occurs naturally in soil, minerals, and ground water and inorganic arsenic is a known human carcinogen. Approximately 20 percent of New Mexico residents rely on private domestic wells for drinking water. New Mexico law does not require private well water quality monitoring. Owners of private wells are solely responsible for the maintenance and monitoring of their drinking water quality.
The objective of this project was to estimate exposure to inorganic As among private well water consumers, inform participants of their potential exposure sources, and deliver health education so that they could make decisions to reduce their exposures, if appropriate.
Arsenic Exposure in a New Mexico Urban Community on Private Well Water, New Mexico Epidemiology Report (497.7 KB)
Grants Mineral Belt Uranium Biomonitoring Project Summary
The Department of Health's Environmental Health Epidemiology Bureau (EHEB) recruited volunteers in the Grants Mineral Belt area during May and June of 2010 as part of public health surveillance for uranium exposure. The Grants Mineral Belt area was selected for uranium testing due to its known natural deposits of uranium, as well as its history of uranium contamination due to mining and milling activities. Specifically, the communities of Grants, San Mateo, San Rafael, Bluewater, Milan, and Laguna Pueblo participated. A description of why the EHEB conducted this testing, how this testing was conducted, what was found, what the results mean, and what the recommendations are can be found here
New Mexico Depleted Uranium Project
During the 2007 legislative session, Senate Bill (SB) 611 allocated $40,000 to "develop a testing protocol, develop and establish a health registry, contract with appropriate testing laboratories and coordinate affected parties in regard to a voluntary testing program for military veterans who may have been exposed to depleted uranium or other uranium isotopes in the Persian Gulf war or in the current Iraq or Afghanistan conflict." The Epidemiology and Response Division/Environmental Health Epidemiology Bureau (EHEB) of the New Mexico Department of Health conducted the tasks outlined in the legislation.
NM Depleted Uranium Project Summary (48 KB)
Blood Spots Analysis
Dried Blood Spot Metals Analysis Feasibility Study Report
Report (8.8 MB)
Pilot study for utilization of dried blood spots for screening of lead, mercury and cadmium in newborns
Report (476.7 KB)
FAQs and Resources
Arsenic exposure and prevention
Cadmium exposure and prevention
Dietary supplement fact sheet
Manganese exposure and prevention
Mercury exposure and prevention
Phthalates exposure and prevention
Selenium exposure and prevention
Uranium exposure and prevention
CDC National Biomonitoring Program
The Four Corners States Biomonitoring Consortium
Learn more about toxic substances
National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals


Got my new shades today. Only ordered them a month ago. Went into ASDA, picked the pair that I wanted, did the deal and nothing happened. No phone calls, nothing. Rang them up last week and it turns out they'd got the wrong Mr. Miles. They had been ringing someone else up to tell him that the glasses he hadn't ordered were now ready. And getting no response.
When I rang up and asked them where mine were they figured out what had transpired and ordered mine on ultra high priority. And today they came in. Quite cool. And darker.


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Home » 12 O'Clock Track: The creepy old-timey twang of "Spiders," from the Handsome Family
12 O'Clock Track: The creepy old-timey twang of "Spiders," from the Handsome Family
by Peter Margasak February 20, 2013 August 19, 2021
Jason Creps
Handsome Family
Best of Chicago voting is live now. Vote for your favorites >>
It's been nearly four years since Brett and Rennie Sparks, the onetime Chicagoans who've long summoned the glory of old-timey music for contemporary ears as the Handsome Family, have released a new album, but the wait for new tunes will end on May 14, when the duo release their ninth full-length, Wilderness (Carrot Top). Yesterday the group shared a song called "Spiders," which is today's 12 O'Clock Track. Rennie, who writes the group's deeply literate, twisted, and funny lyrics, and usually exerts a light presence on recordings, strumming an autoharp if she plays any instrument at all, adds her brittle, sharp voice to the dulcet yet dreary croon of Brett here. Brett also plays all of the instruments on this song with the exception of the astringent fiddle lines shaped by another part-time Chicagoan, Steve Dorocke—who's known best as a whiz on pedal steel guitar. If you fear insects and snakes the song is sure to make your skin crawl, as an innocuous encounter with an arachnid—"a spider in a thicket crawled up on my knee"—turns into an inescapable nightmare, as the narrator is overwhelmed by creepy crawlers until "a million little teeth tore me to pieces." In the end the singer is transformed, phoenix-like, to skeeve out the listener: "I am many and nothing and I crawl up on your knee."
Tagged: Brett Sparks, Carrot Top Records, Handsome Family, Rennie Sparks, Spider, Vol. 42 No. 22, wilderness

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Монкюк-ан-Керсі-Блан () — муніципалітет у Франції, у регіоні Окситанія, департамент Лот. Монкюк-ан-Керсі-Блан утворено 1 січня 2016 року шляхом злиття муніципалітетів Бельмонте, Лебрей, Монкюк, Сент-Круа i Вальпрійонд. Адміністративним центром муніципалітету є Монкюк.

Див. також
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Муніципалітети департаменту Лот

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If you break the flight ban for drones at any of the country's airports, you run the risk of prosecution. Other violations of drone law can cause hefty fines.
Oslo, Agder, Southeast and Southwest police districts have prepared a new fine directive for breaches of the drone regulations, writes Stavanger Aftenblad.
"First and foremost, the new Fines Directive should provide for equal practice between police districts. Earlier we saw that it was reacting differently to illegal flights," says police lawyer Bjarne Wintherhus-Fjeld in Southwest police district.
The rates in the directive are indicative, but the thousand bills fly fast for those who do not follow the rules. To fly higher than 120 meters, closer than 150 meters from people, houses and buildings or to fly a drone in a way that it is a risk to the public can give fines of 8,000 to 12,000 kroner.
"Anyone who flies in areas with restrictions does not risk only 12,000 NOK in fines. If it's in the vicinity of a military area or an airport, other charges will be considered," writes the police.
Director Anette Sigmundstad at Stavanger Airport, Sola has zero tolerance and reports illegal drone flying. She is happy about the coordination between police districts.
"The sentence also reflects that illegal flight is serious. At airports, drones have a very great danger and damage potential," says Sigmundstad.
So far this year, Avinor has reported 13 drone incidents to the police.
Be the first to comment on "Zero tolerance for drones at airports"


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Biden Makes Odd Gesture At Start Of Video Meeting With Putin
Jon DoughertyDecember 7, 2021
Another day, another occasion for our decrepit president, Joe Biden, to embarrass America on the global stage.
As Russia builds up a massive force along its border with Ukraine, the White House scrambled to set up a meeting with the Kremlin so that Biden and his counterpart, Vladimir Putin could hash things out.
Because Putin is not decrepit, his government permitted Russian media to show the meeting as it began. But because Biden is decrepit, the White House would not permit the beginning of the meeting to be shown.
Or, at least, that seems to be the most likely reason, and here's why:
Russian state TV shows start of meeting between Biden and Putin pic.twitter.com/pX1GqefSty
— Kevin Liptak (@Kevinliptakcnn) December 7, 2021
We have no idea who Biden is gesticulating to, but judging by Putin's grin, it seems fairly apparent why Biden's handlers increasingly shield him from view — to avoid the inevitable criticism and embarrassment.
But the fact is, in this case, Biden was not facing some third-world banana republic dictator; he was squaring off against the leader of another well-armed great power who has control over a large portion of the energy consumed on the European continent and several armor and infantry brigades poised to strike at Ukraine at any moment.
So forgive us if we conclude that Putin isn't convinced that his American counterpart is, shall we say, up to the task of his weighty office.
That said, Just the News provided details of the meeting:
The call went on from about 10 a.m. to 12 p.m. Washington, D.C. time.
Putin took the call from his residence in the Russian resort town of Sochi. He said, "Greetings, Mr. President!" as the call kicked off, to which Biden responded, "Good to see you again.
According to a White House statement on the call, Biden "voiced the deep concerns of the United States and our European Allies about Russia's escalation of forces surrounding Ukraine and made clear that the US and our Allies would respond with strong economic and other measures in the event of military escalation."
The U.S. President went on to reiterate "his support for Ukraine's sovereignty and territorial integrity and called for de-escalation and a return to diplomacy."
For his part, Putin likely demanded that Biden provide assurances that NATO was never going to expand to include Ukraine, even though Kyiv has long sought membership in the Euro-centric military alliance.
"We've consulted significantly with our allies and believe we have a path forward that would impose significant and severe harm on the Russian economy," White House press secretary Jen Psaki said Monday. "You can call that a threat. You can call that a fact."
Several Republicans have called on Biden to take a tougher approach with Putin, but it's not certain he's capable of doing that.
"It's hard to know what Vladimir Putin is thinking and what his true intentions are, but we do see a very aggressive action on his part, amassing his troops on the Ukrainian border. So we must prepare for the worst, not knowing what those intentions are," Iraq war vet Sen. Joni Ernst, R-Iowa, told "Fox News Sunday" host Chris Wallace.
"I do think that President Biden needs to be very clear, and very strong and his message to Vladimir Putin," Ernst added, going on to say that our president should tell the Russian president the U.S. won't allow the Nord Stream 2 pipeline to be completed if Putin invades.
Reports noted that Putin has moved a significant amount of troops to regions around Ukraine's border.
"The images, which Insider obtained from Maxar Technologies, show a number of Russian tactical battle groups, including both personnel and equipment, such as tanks, artillery, and armored troop carriers, deployed to the Pogonovo training area and Yelnya in Russia and Novoozernoye in Crimea in November," Business Insider noted.


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Report: First beta for Windows Vista SP1 due this month
By Dwight Silverman on July 8, 2007 at 7:12 PM
For all those who've been saying they'd only consider upgrading to Windows Vista after its first service pack is released, your time draws near.
Mary Jo Foley says her sources indicted Beta 1 for Vista's SP1 will hit in mid-July — specifically, the week of July 16.
Word (from various sources who asked not to be named) is Microsoft is gearing up to drop Vista SP1 some time the week of July 16. And despite what Microsoft seemingly led Google, the U.S. Department of Justice and other company watchers to believe, the final version of Vista SP1 is sounding like November 2007.
(November 2007 is also the release-to-manufacturing target for Windows Server 2008, sources say. Microsoft won't provide an RTM date for Windows Server 2008, other than to say it is still on track to RTM before the end of 2007.)
If Vista SP1 is released in November, the Windows client team will be sticking to a schedule company officials outlined a year ago, when the official plan of record was to release Vista SP1 and Windows Server 2008 (Longhorn Server) simultaneously.
A short beta period indicates there likely won't be many new features, if any, included in SP1, something I was told back in January. It's very possible that SP1 would more likely be a combination of fixes already available through Windows Update, along with specialized patches and updates for specific systems.
Foley says that's what she's heard, too, though she has a list of enhancements and improvement to existing features:
* Performance tweaks lessening the amount of time it takes to copy files and shut down Vista machines (Yeah, I know Microsoft said Vista shutdown speed wasn't an issue. Guess users weren't so crazy, after all.)
* Improved transfer performance and decreased CPU utilization via support for SD Advanced Direct Memory Access (DMA)
* Support for ExFat, the Windows file format for flash memory storage and other consumer devices
* Improvements to BitLocker Drive Encryption to allow not just encryption of the whole Vista volume, but also locally created data volumes
* The ability to boot Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) on an x64 machine
* Improved success rate for firewalled MeetingSpace and Remote Assistance connections
On a related note, Ed Bott says the outlook for Vista drivers is getting better.
Technorati tags: windows vista
Dwight Silverman | Techblogger, social media manager
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Not updating abortion law 'an indictment', supervising committee tells MPs
15 Mar, 2017 11:49 PM 4 minutes to read
Dame Linda Holloway (green jacket) and other members of the Abortion Supervisory Committee appear at Parliament today. Photo / Nicholas Jones
Nicholas Jones
Current wording in New Zealand's abortion law is offensive and not updating it is an "indictment", a Government-appointed committee has told MPs.
The strong criticism of aspects of abortion law comes amidst increasing political debate about the issue, with Labour, the Green Party and Act Party all calling for change.
The Abortion Supervisory Committee (ASC) made its annual appearance at Parliament's justice and electoral committee today, reporting on how abortion law has been managed.
While calling for the Contraception, Sterilisation and Abortion Act, passed in 1977, to be updated, the ASC made clear the larger issue of more significant changes was a question for the public and Parliament.
However, the outdated wording in the legislation was creating problems for health officials and allowing anti-abortion groups to launch legal challenges.
Dame Linda Holloway, ASC chairwoman, told the committee that the legislation's wording was causing "enormous administrative problems" for the ASC and health practitioners.
The law was not written in inclusive language, Dame Linda said.
"In fact, some parts of the language is actually quite offensive, referring to people as subnormal, for example. Really it is an indictment that we have statute like that on the books that is not being corrected."
Health in New Zealand and how hospitals are run and operated had changed substantially since the 1970s, Dame Linda told the committee.
The abortion law referred to the "operating doctor". Now many women who received abortions were medically induced.
Parliament to receive abortion report
13 Mar, 2017 02:09 AM Quick Read
Govt's abortion stance 'contradictory'
13 Mar, 2017 10:57 PM Quick Read
The Big Read: 'When I got an abortion'
No update to abortion law, Govt confirms
"There is no operating doctor. Again, that can cause lots of challenges and hassle," Dame Linda said.
Wendy Aldred, legal counsel to ASC, said it had been sued by those opposed to abortion. Aside from an 18-month break, the committee had been involved in litigation since 2004.
While those cases have eventually been won, the outdated wording in the legislation had left the door open to expensive and time-consuming legal challenges, Aldred said.
"The door has been opened to some extent to those kind of challenges, which have tied up the committee's time and resource because the language of the Act reflects the prevailing medical circumstances in the 1970s and not in 2016."
Dame Linda said the redrafting request was modest. Asked by Labour's Jacinda Ardern if the committee had a view on whether abortion remaining under the Crimes Act should be reviewed as part of the redraft, she said it held no opinion on that question.
"We believe that major reform of the Act is something for society and for Parliament."
Abortion is only legal if two consultants agree that the pregnancy would seriously harm the woman's mental or physical health or that the foetus would have a serious disability.
Labour leader Andrew Little has called Prime Minister Bill English "deeply conservative" on abortion law, and says he believes the legislation needs to be reviewed and upgraded, and abortion should not be on the Crimes Act.
However, he will not commit to introducing legislation if in Government; Labour policy is for the law to first be reviewed by the Law Commission.
On the weekend, English, a practising Catholic, told TVNZ's Q+A programme he did not think the law needed to be modernised, saying it had "stood the test of time".
Dame Linda was asked by media after the committee meeting if the polarising nature of the issue and wider political debate could mean the committee's request for a redraft would come to nothing.
"I'm uncertain. But having been the select committee today, our next task is to meet with officials in the ministry [of health] to get some advice on the practicalities of trying to embark on something like this."
Asked if the current abortion law was sexist, Dame Linda paused and then said some of the language in the Act was "not inclusive".
The Green Party has already made abortion reform a party issue, rather than a conscience issue.
The Greens' policy would decriminalise abortion. Terminations after 20 weeks would be allowed only when the woman would otherwise face serious permanent injury to her health or in the case of severe fetal abnormalities.
Its women's spokeswoman, Jan Logie, said today that the ASC was clearly telling the government that the legislation had not stood the test of time.
"[Dame Linda] said the discussion around an overhaul wasn't their job to lead. And I think it is 2017 and we should have legislation that enables women to make choices about their own bodies. But I don't think the committee should lead that discussion."
Asked if she would introduce a private member's bill, Logie said none would pass before the election and the national conversation would probably happen after September's election.


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Juan Francisco Gutiérrez de Piñeres, né à Lebeña (Cantabrie) en 1732 et mort probablement à Madrid en 1790, est un homme politique et administrateur colonial espagnol.

En 1777, il est nommé régent de la Real audiencia de Santa Fe de Bogota, visitador general et intendant des armées royales. Il arrive en Nouvelle-Grenade la même année et dans la capitale, Santafe de Bogota, en .

Son poste fait de lui la deuxième autorité derrière le vice-roi, Manuel Antonio Flores. Il s'efforce de faire appliquer les réformes que la Couronne souhaite imposer aux colonies.

Lors de la Révolte des Comuneros, en 1781, tandis que le vice-roi est à Carthagène des Indes pour empêcher les Anglais de profiter du désordre, Gutierrez de Pineres se réfugie à Honda d'où il envoie une commission négocier avec les insurgés.

Après le refus du vice-roi de reconnaître les accords passés à Zipaquirá, Gutierrez de Pineres s'enfuit à Carthagène et ne revient à Santafe qu'en , lorsque le calme est revenu.

En , lorsque meurt Juan de Torrezar Díaz Pimienta, vice-roi nouvellement nommé, Gutierrez de Pineres s'attend à lui succéder, mais c'est l'archevêque de Santafe Antonio Caballero y Góngora qui est désigné.

Gutierrez de Pineres continue d'assumer sa charge de régent jusqu'en 1784, lorsqu'il retourne en Espagne et est nommé au Conseil des Indes.

Il meurt à Madrid en 1790.

Liens externes
  Biographie de Juan Francisco Gutiérrez de Piñeres, mcnbiografias.com

Naissance en 1732
Naissance en Cantabrie
Décès en 1790
Décès à Madrid
Administrateur colonial espagnol
Vice-royauté de Nouvelle-Grenade


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Japanese companies form alliance to accelerate smart factories
Source: Internet of Business
07/28/17, 05:52 AM | Automation & Networking, Design & Development | japan, Smart Factory
Freddie Roberts for Internet of Business: The Flexible Factory Partner Alliance has been set up in response to changing patterns in the global labor market and pressure on manufacturers to adopt new technologies to improve productivity, according to the partners.
Labor shortages and a reduced number of skilled workers, due to falling birthrates and an aging population, mean that product development cycles have shortened in recent years. People over the age of 65 already make up a quarter of Japans population, and this could reach 40 percent by 2060. As such, manufacturers are looking to deploy industrial IoT technology in their factories to compensate for a smaller workforce.
The group of seven includes technology vendors Omron, Sanritz Automation, NEC, Fujitsu, Murata Machinery, and two research institutes in the Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR) and the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT). These organizations will be chaired by Professor Andreas Dengel of the German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI)).
Wireless comms
In particular, the alliance is concerned with the adoption of wireless communications technology for machine operation. It asserts that, while there has been a trend of manufacturing facilities deploying wireless communications on a trial basis, and subsequently fully implementing wireless systems based on these trials, little attention has been paid to one major issue. In short, in factories where wireless systems coexist, instability is often caused by interference between wireless systems. This can disrupt equipment in operation on the factory floor.
In a bid to address the problem, the Alliance claims it has been conducting trials of wireless communications and evaluating wireless environments in factories. The organizations involved have proposed one coordination control technology to enable stability in wireless communications, suggesting it would work by controlling independent wireless systems for each piece of equipment, with specific use cases in actual manufacturing facilities in mind. Full Article:
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Zaber's X-LRQ-DE Series: High Precision Stages with Built-in Controllers and Linear Encoders
Zaber's X-LRQ-DE Series of linear stages have high stiffness, load, and lifetime capabilities in a compact size. The integrated linear encoder combined with stage calibration provides high accuracy positioning over the full travel of the device. At 36 mm high, these stages are excellent for applications where a low profile is required. The X-LRQ-DE's innovative design allows speeds up to 205 mm/s and loads up to 100 kg. Like all Zaber products, the X-LRQ-DE Series is designed for easy set-up and operation.


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Discussion in 'Basses [BG]' started by StErLiNgBaSsIsT, Nov 11, 2001.
i heard kingston 5 basses are killer. any one who uses em tell me what you think.
Or....click the link above if you are lazy!!
Just one thing to mention.
I recently ordered a K5 after trying one out at a Lansing, MI music store. The fit and finish was superb, unlike other made in Korea basses I've played. It's a long scale (35"), so the low B is not floppy at all, and the maple neck option is why I chose it over the Ibanez BTB-405 (another great bass, tho'). It's a simple vol/tone setup, though it looks like you can add actives later if you wanted to, the electronics cavity being on the large side. I enjoyed the look and the feel of the Kingston and to me at least, the playability is second only to an Ibanez SR series 5-string.


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It's the Short List for the 2021 ToB!
Books, judges, zombies, oh my! Announcing the field for the 2021 Tournament of Books, presented by Field Notes
Guides Dec 2, 2009
The 2009 Good Gift Games
by Matthew Baldwin
This holiday season, your loved ones could play Operation: "Death Panel" Edition, or you could give them a game where somebody besides the government wins.
In a front page, above-the-fold story, USA Today enumerates what it calls Obama's December Decisions:
Afghan troop increase
Summit on jobs
Revamp health care
Climate summit
And that doesn't even include his recent decision to invade Earth and eradicate all non-reptilian life forms. [Matthew is apparently and once again confusing the Obama administration with the television show V. —ed.]
With such vital matters weighing on the president's mind, he shouldn't have to agonize over which board game to send the assistant vice deputy secretary of international cultural affairs. That's why I am having my annual Good Gift Games (G3) list published on the only website I am 100 percent confident he visits daily (aside from http://gifparty.tumblr.com, obviously).
Because, you see, G3s are titles that even those who don't typically play games will love playing. I generally select them based on three criteria:
They are easy to learn, with rules that can be explained in less than five minutes
They are entertaining enough that even the guy who comes in dead last has a great time playing
They are quick, lacking downtime, and requiring an hour or less to complete
And so, without further ado, here are 10 games from the last 12 months that are perfect for a gift, an evening in with friends, or just for passing the time while you await the arrival of our interstellar Saurian overlords. [Seriously: We will talk to him about this. —ed.]
Rio Grande Games, 2 to 4 players, 60 minutes, $55
The best Good Gift Games have a little of everything, but few have as much of everything as Tobago. A number of treasures lie buried beneath the sands of this Caribbean island, and the location of each is identified by three clues. The only problem is that the clues are distributed amongst the players, meaning that they first collaborate to find the booty, and then compete to unearth it first. Part deduction game, part race game, part jigsaw puzzle, and a whole lot of fun, Tobago's exciting gameplay and beautiful components have made this one of the most celebrated games of 2009. (More info)
Snow Tails
Fragor Games, 2 to 5 players, 45 minutes, $50
Racing games are often among the best choices for families, as even the youngest of children can intuitively grasp the goal of play. Snow Tails has the added advantage of a novel theme (dog sledding), neat mechanics, and a modular racetrack you can customize before every game. On a turn, play a number card to one of your two Huskies. If both dogs are going the same speed, the sled goes straight; but if one dog outpaces the other, the vehicle skids—and is perhaps damaged in the process. Plus, the icy trappings make it the perfect game to pull off the shelf when the snow starts a-fallin'. (More info)
Days of Wonder, 3 to 5 players, 45 to 90 minutes, $50
Risk (Revised Edition)
Hasbro, 3 to 5 players, 90 minutes, $30
Peace on Earth and goodwill toward men is a nice enough sentiment I guess, but sometimes you just want to conquer territory. One new release and one re-release allow you do so in style. In Small World, a series of mythical tribes march across a fantasy landscape, snapping up provinces and giving the previous inhabitants the heave-ho. A unique combination system ensures the types of troops vary from game to game, with everything from Commando Halflings to Diplomat Skeletons possible. Or, if you prefer the classics, Hasbro has updated the archetypal "game of world domination" and given us an updated version of Risk. Playing time has been greatly reduced by the introduction of objectives, and players now have strategic options beyond "stonewall in Australia." Both games are perfect for those who want a little more missile in their mistletoe. (More info: Small World | Risk)
Libellud, 3 to 6 players, 30 minutes, $35
The most beautiful game on this list is also the most unusual. In Dixit, each player holds a hand of gorgeously illustrated cards, depicting scenes from the mundane to the surreal. The Storyteller selects a card from their hand, places it facedown, and then describes it to the others with a single sentence; the other players then add cards from their own hands to the facedown pool. After cards are revealed, everyone votes on which they believe was the Storyteller's original selection. The crux of the game is a clever scoring rule in which the Storyteller is only rewarded if at least one vote went to his card and one went to someone else's. The challenge for the Storyteller, therefore, is to craft a description cryptic enough to fool someone, but not everyone. Dixit is one of those games that sounds like it shouldn't work, but is hilarious and engrossing in practice. (More info)
Ravensburger USA, 1 to 4 players, 30 to 45 minutes, $33
Electronic-to-physical game translations are always a bit dicey (that Big Rigs: Over the Road Racing collectable card game was certainly a debacle), which is perhaps why this is not billed as Tetris: The Board Game—even though it's pretty much impossible to describe Fits any other way. Each turn the players are instructed to place a Tetris-esque piece onto their tilted game board, where it slides down to join those placed previous. As with its video-game counterpart, Fits rewards those who complete horizontal lines, and punishes the careless with exasperating pockets of empty space. With rules that can be explained in 30 seconds or less, you'll just be some catchy Russian music shy of the classic '80s arcade experience. (More info)
Emma Games, 1 to 4 players, 15 to 30 minutes, $40
Two mainstays of the canonical Good Gift Games list are Carcassonne—in which players place tiles to build the southern French village—and Take It Easy—a light but addictive game reminiscent of Bingo. Cities takes a little from Column A and a little from Column B; the resulting game is as delightful as either. Each person has an identical set of 24 tiles, showing parks, lakes, and other attractions. Each turn a player randomly selects one of his remaining tiles and adds it to his city; the other players do likewise, each using the same tile. When the cities are complete, the player who has attracted the most tourists wins. And, because everyone played the same tiles in the same order, you can't blame your morale-shattering loss on anyone but yourself. Won't that be a treat? (More info)
Alderac Entertainment Group, 2 to 6 players, 45 to 60 minutes, $50
Did you see that latest Indiana Jones movie? If not, here's a fun fact: For roughly the same price as taking the family to the theater, you can recreate the fun of the excitement of the series in your own home, without the risk of George Lucas screwing it up. In The Adventurers, players navigate a trap-filled temple, seeking to extract as much treasure as possible. What the game lacks in strategy it makes up for with copious amounts of tension—there's nothing like the threat of death by rolling boulder to keep your mind focused on the task at hand. Kids will enjoy the gimmicky board; adults will enjoy pushing their luck as far as they possibly can. (Note: If your nephew is too young to remember Raiders of the Lost Ark, tell him the game is like National Treasure—and then cry.) (More info)
Roll Through the Ages: The Bronze Age
FRED Distribution, 1 to 4 players, 30 to 45 minutes, $30
Remember that game you played at home with your parents, where you rolled five dice and tried to get scoring combinations? And remember that game you played at college by yourself, where you hunched over a keyboard for 70 straight hours trying to turn a few settlements into a flourishing civilization? Amazingly, Roll Through the Ages: The Bronze Age captures the spirit of both, and combines them into a game that's a hundred times more interesting than the former and a hundredth as complex as the latter. Throw the bones, collect resources (food, money, workers, and commodities), and expand your empire by building cities, monuments, and developments—all this in a game that plays in 30 minutes and requires but four pages of rules. Plus, when you're ready to take your community to the next level, you can down load the free expansion from the publisher's website. (More info)
Rio Grande Games, 2 to 5 players, 30 to 45 minutes, $35
The shelves of your local board-game store contain more place names than a Rand McNally atlas: Puerto Rico, Cuba, Thebes, and the aforementioned Tobago. Now all you need are some people, and Rio Grande Games provides. In Maori you not only sail the Polynesia islands, but assemble them as well, and then go on to collect shells, find leis, plant palms, and build huts. Suitable for children as young as eight, Maori is one of the simplest games on this list, but the elegance in the design still gives the players plenty to ponder. (More info)
Pandemic: On the Brink
Z-Man Games, 2 to 5 players, 30 to 45 minutes, $30
I don't typically feature expansions on these G3s, but since I know you took my advice of last year and bought Pandemic, I thought you'd like to know that Z-Man Games has since released Pandemic: On the Brink. As in the original, players work cooperatively to cure the outbreak of deadly diseases; OtB, however, offers a variety of new options, including a new and unpredictable contagion, the ability for one person to play against the others as a bio-terrorist, and rules that allow five people to play at once. Less is generally more when it comes to infectious diseases, but the trend is thoroughly bucked here. (Note: The original Pandemic is required to play On the Brink.) (More info)
There's a local specialty game store within spittin' distance of your house, I'll betcha a buck. So plug your ZIP Code into Google Maps, search for "games," and see what you get.
Or there's always the online option. Check out Funagain Games, Boulder Games, Boards & Bits, Gamefest, and Amazon, to name a few.
Have fun, and happy holidays!
goodgiftgames
TMN Contributing Writer Matthew Baldwin has haphazardly updated his site defective yeti for more than a decade. He is also responsible for Infinite Summer (an internet-wide reading of David Foster Wallace's Infinite Jest), A Month of Son (a blog about raising his autistic son), and Seattle Gamenight (a monthly tabletop gaming group). More by Matthew Baldwin
Follow Matthew Baldwin on Twitter
More From The Morning News
Our resident board-game expert picks the best new games released this year.
The 2018 Tournament of Books Long List
by The Tournament of Books Staff
Here they are: our favorite, Rooster-worthy novels from 2017. A few weeks from now we'll narrow these down to our final list for the 2018 Tournament of Books presented by Field Notes.
The Top Albums of 2016
by Andrew Womack
The best music from 2016 meant more than usual this year.
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Q: Should I still worry about paginated comments with the latest wordpress versions? Since wp 2.7, wordpress has introduced the paginated comments feature.
I've read that this may not be good for SEO as the main content gets "duplicated" on the pages of the comments.
Then I've read that to prevent this, we can specify the canonical URL in meta tags.
Now i've checked the source of my page and a canonical url is automatically added and reads like this on the pages of the comment:
<link rel='canonical' href='http://localhost/wp16/?p=3657' />

So am I cool? I shouldn't worry about dup content? This is actually from the twentyten theme and I am not sure if this feature (the showing up of the canonical meta) was recently added or was always there.
Thanks.

A: Don't worry about the duplicated content issue.  First of all, the canonical link fixes most browsers and search engine crawlers that will be reading your site (and it's actually been there for a while).
Second, the alleged "duplicate content penalty" that people have told you about (the things you've read that say it's bad for SEO) is a myth.  Google developers have been quoted repeatedly as saying so.  Here's a great article that references them and explains it in more detail than I care to go into.
So yes, you're fine.  Don't worry about paginated comments on your site.  They actually make the experience better for the user and don't harm your SEO score.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Excited About Ouya
Posted bynofunberg March 29, 2013 May 17, 2020 Posted inUncategorizedTags:Business, hardware, mobile, ouya, video games
The Ouya console and controller.
I should probably be restraining some of my excitement, but there's no way around it: I'm very anxious to get my hands on my Limited Edition, Kickstarter-Backer-Only version of the Ouya. There is as much to be worried about as there is to be excited over. Ouya is the first serious competitor Microsoft, Nintendo, and Sony have seen in over a decade. The previous generation of consoles knocked the once-great Sega completely out of the hardware business. The current generation has seen numerous publishers and developers fold. Publishers are beginning to insist that the only way to make a profit is to trick people into paying more than $60 per game. Android and iOS devices are stealing the thunder of portable consoles.
The video game industry is in a state of flux, but this isn't the first time. Almost as soon as they appeared, arcades began to fall out of favor. Even before they started to become hotbeds of gang activity, they were stricken with a seedy reputation that led to many a young gamer being banned from their hallowed halls by protective parents. Arcade games were considered addictive, and playing games was compared to gambling.
The proliferation of home consoles started arcades on a slow decline, with the final nail in the coffin of the traditional arcade being struck early in the turn of the century. Now, arcade machines are largely relegated to being a sideshow or diversion at another entertainment venue. Even then, the varieties seem limited to 1980's classics, racing, or dancing games. It is rare to see any sort of gaming innovation come from the arcade space.
Home gaming hasn't been without its own ups and downs. The market crashed in the US due to a market flooded with cheap, low-quality games. By 1983, Atari had become synonymous with video games, and their brand so tainted by a lack of quality control that video games were written off as a fad that had come and gone. The market was revitalized by Nintendo, who shackled third party game developers with incredibly arduous limitations.
The restrictions Nintendo placed served two functions: it made them extra money, and it kept the market from overflowing with junk(which helped them keep making money). Since the release of the Nintendo Entertainment System in the US, these restrictions have existed in some form or another. Over time, they have not subsided much. Some of the biggest, like restricting the number of titles a given company can release in a year, have been lifted. Still, third-party publishers have to jump through both financial and logistical hoops to get their titles on a game console, and programmers need special(and expensive) console development kits for each platform.
The recent Final Fantasy III remake running on Ouya.
Mobile computing is changing this trend. Rather than pay up-front fees, platform owners take a cut from each game sold. There is typically little-to-no cost to getting started on development, because it can be done on a standard PC or Mac. While each game still goes through some sort of testing before being allowed in a marketplace, that testing is far less strenuous. By lightening the burdens on third-party shoulders, the mobile gaming market has exploded.
Enter the Ouya: a home console built on mobile hardware, and following the mobile model. While it is less powerful than its competitors, the tiny $99 is a third the price and capable of graphics equivalent to or greater than the PS2 and Xbox era of game consoles at a higher resolution. One of the few requirements for distribution via Ouya's platform is there must be a way to sample the game. This can be achieved by offering a demo or by following the currently-in-vogue "freemium" model of charging for in-game feature while making the core game free.
I'm wary of the freemium model, as it tends to lead to games that become less fun over time, but the idea of a demo mode for every game is fantastic. Ouya could also be a haven for episodic gaming, which I think is the likely real future of gaming. I'll expand upon that in another article. As gaming budgets skyrocket and we enter a world where million-sellers can't break even, it seems inevitable that existing industry models will change. Ouya will be, at the very least, a testing ground for some of these models.
The future of the Ouya is still shrouded in mystery. As it begins shipping to Kickstarter backers, we can expect to get a better idea of how well it stands up to the hype surrounding it. So far, the only review I've seen paints it in a mediocre light. Still, there is time for the hardware and software to improve: the official launch of the console will be June 4th. I'll share more thoughts on it when my own little cube arrives.
Chromebook: Extended Review
Forward Compatible


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OUT OF MIND » THE INSANITY OF REALITY » GOVERNMENTS & THE NEW WORLD ORDER » The Morals of a Railway Strike
The Morals of a Railway Strike
1 The Morals of a Railway Strike Sun Dec 04, 2022 10:55 am
By Justin O. Smith
A railway strike has supposedly just been averted, by the intervention of Congress, which voted to "enforce a contract" that was previously negotiated only as a possibility and not any final agreement set in concrete. It really isn't a contract at all, in light of the fact that four of the twelve companies involved in negotiations are still refusing to ratify the agreement and calling for a general strike on December 9.
Part of their grievances are focused on a lack of paid sick days. This from an industry where the median pay is $30.84 per hour.
One certainly must make certain that he has enough income to provide for his needs and those of his family, and to hold some back for the rainy days and bad times that are sure to come in everyone's life, often at the worst possible moment. Typically, people simply saw those days of work lost due to sickness as just one of the many pitfalls of life.
Isn't it the individual's responsibility to plan for such things? Sure, if a company is gracious and so benevolent as to offer such a benefit, it is a fine act, but in the end, it really isn't something that's required. In the case of the railway companies, the top CEOs probably believe they are already paying sufficiently large salary packages that any individual worker should be able to absorb a few days of missed work.
As in all stories, there are probably a litany of other underlying motivating factors in the reluctance of these companies to settle for this deal.
However, although I see selfishness as no real vice, since one must see to his own success before he can help others, this latest bit of trouble for America smacks of a certain distasteful self-serving selfishness that endangers and threatens the entire nation on the heels of months of a broken supply chain and an incredibly rough economic period for all, especially the poorest of the poor. Getting a raise for the railway workers today is only going to exacerbate inflation across the board for all Americans, as top management moves to hike rail rates, making the cost of goods rise, too.
With that said, it's a dance between the general good of the people and the individual. It requires good common sense, common decency, empathy, and heart to ensure that everyone benefits and no one gets driven into the ground by undue burdens placed on him, inadvertently or purposefully.
What makes anyone in the U.S. government, the White House, or Congress believe he has the authority to force anyone to accept a contract he has already rejected or stay on the job for any reason? Congress has no such authority at all, and this bill violates these workers' inalienable God-given rights in every imaginable manner — violating their conscience, free will, and individual persons as free men who have a [url=http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/conlaw/powers13th14th15th.htm#:~:text=Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude,place subject to their jurisdiction]right to be free[/url] of any forced servitude.
Each railway worker has the absolute right to strike, even in the wake of this bill, but that doesn't mean he should or that he really has to do so to make a point. From my perspective, they should be able to bite the bullet, if just this once, until the supply chain is fully stabilized, and perhaps until saner minds have the economy tracking on toward an infinitely better position. But if they really think those seven days of paid sick leave are going to make them or break them, hey, go ahead and strike, and don't give a care for the consequences for all Americans that will accompany it.
This isn't the first time America has faced tough days and railway strikes. Should this looming threat be realized as a fact of life in the days ahead, the companies full well do have the absolute right to replace those striking employees, if they can find comparable and qualified workers to replace them, possibly from graduating classes of colleges known to specialize in training future railway workers, like Penn State and Sacramento City College.
And if the situation becomes dire, Joe Biden can always call in the military to replace the strikers and take over operation of the railway transit and shipping operations, as America saw President Cleveland do in 1894, or President Truman in 1946, when he "called on the striking railroad workers to return to their jobs as a duty to their country."
Someone needs to bite the bullet on this one, and it could be said to be a toss-up, since nearly every railway company listed profits of two to three billion dollars last year, suggesting that all of them can afford it, and in light of how much their workers are paid.
The next question that comes to mind is, don't these companies have the right to keep their profit rather than take on an added responsibility for their workers? I guess in the end, it will be a matter of whether the CEOs perceive the workers' "need" as a valid "grievance." It will also ultimately come down to just how much they really care for their people.
Joe Biden has touted the agreement as one of his crowning achievements as he sidles up to the unions and labor leaders. He recently suggested that the workers should get the seven days' paid sick leave, just like what countries in Europe have. Yes, just look how well Europe is doing, handing out all kinds of "free stuff" like it's candy in its socialistic fervor as the entire European Union is currently in economic dire straits.
Nothing in life is free. Someone always has to pay the cost on down the line. In this instance, regardless of who loses and wins in this controversy, it is most of America who will lose, especially if we allow ignoramuses like Biden to keep spending our tax dollars like they're his own, spending Americans' money 'til it all runs out.
Americans are the largest consumers of goods in the world, living in a greed-driven world constantly under attack by television ads to buy more stuff and keep "keeping up with the Joneses." And while there's nothing wrong with wanting what everybody wants, in the way of a nice home, decent food on the table, quality clothing, and the ability to afford a few of life's luxuries, as one takes note of the massive abundance and hoarder-like qualities of so many, who simply accumulate everything just to say they have it — I guess it's better to have it and not need it than to need it and not have it — one must wonder at just what point is enough stuff enough stuff.
No one should be faulted for being successful, or seeking to become even more successful. However, in troubled times for many across the nation, we could all do a bit more to make sure our actions don't bring on more troubles for everyone across the country.
Image via Wikimedia Commons, public domain.
THANKS TO: https://www.americanthinker.com/articles/2022/12/the_morals_of_a_railway_strike.html
» Dr Karen Lebacqz, Ph.D. On The Belmont Report – A Code Of BioMedical Ethics, Morals And Guidelines For The Protection Of Humans, Who Are Subjects Of BioMedical Research
» Strike, Strike, Strike
» The PTB want it done before any strike on Syria
» Strike While the Iron is Hot
» UK nukes prepare first strike


And You Call Them Friends?
Tiananmen Square Sanctions have been in place for quite some time now and have been a blocking agent in the acquiring of sophisticated weaponry by the PRA. And now, we have those stalwarts of virtue and freedom wanting to sell our enemy weapons. All of this comes on the heels of the recently discovered caches of French made arms to Iraqi in direct violation of UN Sanctions, SOME as recently manufactured as 2001.
And why not? They have nothing to fear. It isnt their countries that would be directly threatened. And even if it were so, theyd fold like a cheap umbrella in a rainstorm, and surrender. The appeasers are on the march yet again. One could also assume that the desire to acquire these modern weapons would go a long way in the admitted plan to take back Taiwan by any means necessary. And the modernizing of the PRA has begun to cause an arms buildup in nations such as Japan, India, Taiwan, and South Korea. .
I might add here that there was a violation of the sanctions during the Clinton administration when a contributor to the Clinton campaign was allowed to sell off sensitive technology to the Chinese. It is funny here to note that it was also the Clinton administration that blocked the sale of more modern naval equipment to Taiwan. This assures us that it would be US military personal coming to the aid of Taiwan should such the aforementioned plan of the PRA ever come to fruition.
Why do we even bother to talk with these so-called allies? It is obvious to most Americans that our allies could care less what happens here in this country. In fact they simply hold it in contempt. I would remind them here that should the United States ever fail, they go right down the toilet. Who was it that said give them enough rope, and theyll hang themselves?
It is the opinion of this writer that SHOULD these arms sales go through, the United States should immediately cease all military contracts, treaties, and agreements with the French and other European nations and withdraw every single last American military person in Europe.
First off I will no longer look at abortionists as pro-choice, they are simply pro-death, (unless it is a criminal on death row) and as such I shall from this point on call them as I see them.
President Bush signed into law this past week a ban on partial birth abortion. The ink had hardly dried when the pro-death lobbies had appealed the ban in courts in Nebraska, New York and a few other states.
Who is really out of touch here? Partial birth abortion is a horrendous act. Most of you that are reading this are familiar with it so I will not go into the gruesome details of the procedure itself. Yet many Americans ( at least 2\3) claim to be against abortion. Still we see a small minority of radical Elitolibrocrats claiming it as a RIGHT. So again I ask; who is out of touch with reality here?
It is this writers opinion that ALL abortion should be made illegal.
The abortion industry, and that is what it is, is a multi million dollar industry. A good deal of it is taxpayer funded as well. Why not take this industry and all the money that is being spent on it, and use it for and ADOPTION industry? These funds could be used to give women the pre-natal care they need, AND be used to defray legal costs that are one of the major stumbling blocks against parents that want to adopt.
He as stated that they are currently looking for African-Americans to adopt some of these children.
So how about it Americans? How about we as a nation stop this love affair and the craven cave-ins and kowtowing of conservatives on this issue? Support the President on this issue!
Tell the Elitolibcrats and the pro-death lobby that THEY are the ones who are out of touch!


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Anita Crawford Clark
Storyteller, Illustrator, Educator
Writing Fiction & Nonfiction for Children
~Picture Books
~Middle Grade Novels
~Graphic Novels
Media Narrative
In Storytelling and Media: Narrative Models from Aristotle to Augmented Reality (Isbouts & Ohler, 2013), the narrative arc reflects a combination of the both the three act play (or film), and the story zigzag from Mckee's book. The primary reason it fits so well in these two molds is that media and storytelling every so often redefine how we understand and perceive the world (The Day The Universe Changed, Episode One: The Way We Are?). Each time this happens, the story begins again.
Act One sees the characters in their everyday lives at a particular point in time. All is well in the world. Until some major incident happens (the inciting incident) and turns the current version of the world upside down. Burke, in The Day the Universe Changed, said it well, "The universe changes every time we redefine a big enough bit of it. Not necessarily discovery, just the invention of another version of how things are." And storytelling is one way of helping us to understand and define ourselves (Isbouts & Ohler, 2012). "Storytelling… is as old as the human condition itself." In this act, humans still rely on oral storytelling as the foremost method. Since stories are not merely relegated to providing information, but also imparting meaning, how these stories were communicated mattered. Then they are hit with the inciting incident – the rotary printing press.
Act Two sees the characters in a dilemma wherein they must overcome the inciting incident – the conflict. The characters need something, usually to meet some goal, and the conflict and tension rise as the characters face one obstacle after another. This can be seen, for example, as we went from orality to literacy (Ibouts & Ohler, 2013). As humans approached the 19th century, more people would become literate thanks to the invention of the rotary printing press around 1843, along with great improvements in the system of education. This ultimately led to the novel's growth as the foremost method of storytelling. How might this impact the imparting of meaning? Likely, quite profoundly, because now the servant and working classes were accessible for political ideologies or movements, and novels and novelist rose to a respectable and prominent status as well. As the characters continue through act two, they are usually forced to make some critical choice that again points the story in a different direction. This takes us to act three.
In Act Three, we reach the climax of the story. The characters usually are changed or transformed in some way. In the case of literacy, the characters such as the social elites who were already enjoying higher literacy rates, and the characters such as servants and the working class, were beginning to enjoy literacy. The later group may not have been aware of how much their views were, "being subtly challenged and manipulated" (Isbouts & Ohler, 2013). How did this story of resolve itself? Burke might say that since we can only deal with one way of seeing at a given time. The reality of the day or version of things is the only correct and real one. Burke suggests we always needed conformity to the current view. The narrative model changed with the rotary printing press, and it would eventually change again with a new inciting incident – radio!
With the advent of the radio, the model of storytelling would again change. This would start a whole new three-act play. This was to be followed by film, Web 2.0, Web 3.0 and eventually, Web 5.0. This is why I say that From Aristotle to Augmented Reality also takes on the story zigzag arc.
The end of the film finds the characters in their new everyday life. Burke posits that our view of the world dictates what we do at every level of investigation. He further contends that we of necessity have to have some version of reality to begin with, and which is our framework that everything fits into. Given this new or revised framework, we begin the next film in the series. The narrative arc is liken unto a made for television (or cable, or internet) mini series with each series not only encompassing a complete narrative arc, but also leading into the next episode – only this mini series cannot not be numbered.
Isbouts, J., Ohler, J. (2013). In Storytelling and Media: Narrative Models from Aristotle to Augmented Reality. In K. Dill. (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Media Psychology (13-42). Oxford. Oxford University Press.
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Drugs & Diseases > Laboratory Medicine
HDL Cholesterol
Author: Bishnu Prasad Devkota, MD, MHI, FRCS(Edin), FRCS(Glasg), FACP, FAMIA; Chief Editor: Eric B Staros, MD more...
Sections HDL Cholesterol
Collection and Panels
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is used in the assessment of coronary or other vascular pathology risk. [1]
Normal findings for HDL-C are as follows [2] :
Male: >45 mg/dL or >0.75 mmol/L (SI units)
Female: >55 mg/dL or >0.91 mmol/L (SI units)
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels are increased in the following conditions:
Hyperalphalipoproteinemia
Regular physical activity or exercise
Weight loss [3]
HDL-C levels are decreased in the following conditions:
Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus
Hepatocellular disease
Cholestasis
Chronic renal failure
Metabolic syndrome (insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia)
Familial abetalipoproteinemia
Beta-blocker therapy (short-term effect) [3]
Specimen type: Plasma or serum
Container: Green-top (heparin) tube, red-top tube, or gold-top 7-mL serum-separating tube (SST; sometimes called marble-top tubes or yellow-topped tubes, referring to the stoppers, which are either gold or red-gray)
Specimen volume: 0.5 mL
Other instructions: The patient should fast at least 12-14 hours before the blood draw for the lipid panel
Panels: Lipid panel
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), which consists mostly of cholesterol, phospholipid, and protein, is produced and secreted by the liver and intestine. [4]
HDL-C transports cholesterol from tissues to the liver. In this reverse cholesterol transport process, it performs a "clean-up" function. This process is called reverse cholesterol transport because cholesterol synthesized in peripheral tissues is eventually returned to the liver for its disposal from the body.
HDL-Cs have many surface proteins. Apo-A1 and apo-A2 proteins on HDL-C are derived by direct secretion from the liver. [5] ApoA-I synthesis is necessary to produce HDL-C. Mutations in the apoA-I gene that cause HDL-C deficiency are associated with accelerated atherogenesis. Overexpression of apoA-I in the mouse model protects against experimentally induced atherogenesis. [6] Additionally, HDL-C may protect against atherogenesis by mechanisms not directly related to reverse cholesterol transport. These functions include putative anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, antioxidative, platelet anti-aggregatory, and profibrinolytic activities. [7]
High levels of HDL-C are desirable because of their inverse relation with coronary risk. HDL-C is called good cholesterol because it is inversely related with the incidence of atherosclerosis.
Indications/applications
HDL-C is used in the assessment of coronary or other vascular pathology risk.
HDL-C levels are decreased in association with recent illness; starvation and stress; smoking; obesity and lack of exercise; medications such as thiazide diuretics, steroids, and beta-blockers; hypertriglyceridemia; and in elevated immunoglobin levels.
HDL-C levels are increased in association with moderate ethanol consumption, insulin, and estrogen. [3] Additionally, regular aerobic exercise, smoking cessation, decrease in body mass index, and statin therapy (mild) increase HDL-C levels. Statins or HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors modestly increase HDL-C levels. The mild rise in HDL-C levels from these drugs may be related to inhibition of rho-signaling pathways with activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)–alpha. Increases in HDL-C levels may also be attributable to decreasing plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activity by statins. [8]
A study by Pitanga et al reported that although a positive association was found between leisure-time physical activity in adults and greater HDL-C levels, men require more physical activity than women do to demonstrate such increases. In females, it was noted, walking and moderate or vigorous physical activity correlated with raised HDL-C levels, while in males, only vigorous exercise was associated with a rise in HDL-C. It was suggested that this may be partly because men have higher resting homeostasis parameters (eg, heart rate, blood pressure, glycemic levels, caloric expenditure) than women; therefore, men may require a greater amount of physical activity to disrupt resting homeostasis and activate the physiologic means of cardiovascular protection, such as an HDL-C increase. [9]
A pooled analysis by the NCD Risk Factor Collaboration of 458 population-based studies covering 23 Asian and Western countries determined that in a number of Western nations, as well as in Japan and South Korea, the mean ratio of total-to-HDL cholesterol has declined since 1980, with the reduction in Swiss men being approximately 0.7 per decade between 1980 and 2015. (In contrast, China saw an increase in the ratio.) Also from about 1980 to 2015, HDL-C levels in Japan and South Korea saw a per-decade rise of between 0.04 mmol/L (South Korean men) and 0.17 mmol/L (Japanese women). [10]
Giammanco A, Noto D, Barbagallo CM, et al. Hyperalphalipoproteinemia and Beyond: The Role of HDL in Cardiovascular Diseases. Life (Basel). 2021 Jun 18. 11 (6):[QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Pagana KD, Pagana TJ, Pagana TN. Mosby's Diagnostic & Laboratory Test Reference. 14th ed. St. Louis, Mo.: Elsevier; 2019.
Williamson MA, Snyder LM, Wallach JB. Wallach's interpretation of diagnostic tests. 9th ed. Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Health: Philadelphia; 2011.
Botham KM, Mayes PA. Lipid transport & storage. Murray RK, Bender DA, Botham KM, Kennelly PJ, Rodwell VW, Weil PA, eds. Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry. 28th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2009.
Xanthomatoses and lipoprotein disorders. Wolff K, Goldsmith LA, Katz SI, Gilchrest BA, Paller AS, Leffell DJ, eds. Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine. 7th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Professional; 2008.
Bersot TP. Drug therapy for hypercholesterolemia and dyslipidemia. Brunton L, Chabner B, Knollman B, eds. Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 12th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2011.
deGoma EM, deGoma RL, Rader DJ. Beyond high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels evaluating high-density lipoprotein function as influenced by novel therapeutic approaches. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008 Jun 10. 51 (23):2199-211. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Rader DJ. Raising HDL in Clinical Practice: Clinical Strategies to Elevate HDL. New York:. Available at http://Medscape: http://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/479499_5. Accessed: March15, 2012.
Pitanga FJG, Griep RH, Almeida MDC, et al. Association between Leisure Time Physical Activity and HDL-C in the Elsa-Brasil Study Participants: Are There Any Gender Differences in the Dose-Response Effect?. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021 Jul 2. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
NCD Risk Factor Collaboration. National trends in total cholesterol obscure heterogeneous changes in HDL and non-HDL cholesterol and total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio: a pooled analysis of 458 population-based studies in Asian and Western countries. Int J Epidemiol. 2019 Jul 18. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Bishnu Prasad Devkota, MD, MHI, FRCS(Edin), FRCS(Glasg), FACP, FAMIA Adjunct Professor of Medicine, St Louis University School of Medicine; Chief Health Informatics Officer, VISN 17, VA Heart of Texas Healthcare Network
Bishnu Prasad Devkota, MD, MHI, FRCS(Edin), FRCS(Glasg), FACP, FAMIA is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Physicians, American Medical Informatics Association, Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society, Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow, Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh
Eric B Staros, MD Associate Professor of Pathology, St Louis University School of Medicine; Director of Clinical Laboratories, Director of Cytopathology, Department of Pathology, St Louis University Hospital
Eric B Staros, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Medical Association, American Society for Clinical Pathology, Association for Molecular Pathology, College of American Pathologists
encoded search term (HDL Cholesterol) and HDL Cholesterol
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Senatla's plans for world domination
Daniel Gallan
Legend in the making: Winger Seabelo Senatla in full flight as he scores one of his 189 tries for the Blitzboks. Photo: Russell Cheyne/Reuters
"My goal is to become a legend." Seabelo Senatla does not miss a beat when asked what his ambitions in rugby are. "I want to be associated with the best players to have ever played the game."
The supremely talented Senatla makes no bones about how confident he is in his own ability. He also has a well-thought-out plan for how he wishes to achieve his goal.
"I see my career developing across three phases," he says. "I have just finished phase one, where I was entirely focused on Sevens rugby. Then phase two, which I'm about to start, will run for three years and will be primarily focused on the 15-man game with a bit of Sevens at the start of the year. Phase three will be entirely centred on the 15s game."
Phase one could not have gone better. Last year he was named World Rugby Sevens Player of the Year on the back of scintillating performances for the Blitzboks. This year he has taken his game to new heights while playing a telling hand in South Africa's dominant start to the season. His 32 tries have helped catapult Neil Powell's men to three tournament victories and a comprehensive 17-point lead at the top of the table.
In Wellington a few weeks back, Senatla crossed the line in the triumphant final against Fiji to become South Africa's top Sevens try scorer, beating the record of 179 previously held by Fabian Juries.
Now for phase two. Senatla touched down from Sydney with another winner's medal around his neck to begin life as a Stormers player, switching from Sevens to Rugby Union.
"I can't wait to contribute to the team and get stuck into the challenge of Super Rugby," he says, excited at the new challenge. "I'm trying not to put too much pressure on myself. Obviously people expect a lot from me now that I have the record, but it's a different game and I just want to take my chances whenever I get the ball."
No one can doubt he has the speed and finishing abilities to succeed, but some sceptics have pointed to his 1.86m, 80kg frame and wondered whether he is big enough for the bruising South African game. It's a point that is, interestingly, often raised about black players and is seen as a thinly veiled attempt to undermine their ability to perform on the big stage. Senatla brushes off the concerns as though they were would-be tacklers.
"People have been saying I'm too small since I was 16. I don't listen to people who try and put me down. I back my tackling technique to bring down bigger guys and, with the ball in hand, I'm always looking for space rather than to run over people. If I bulked up I would lose the one thing that makes me special — my pace."
Self-awareness is vital for any elite athlete and the young winger has it in bags. He understands what sets him apart and is not willing to sacrifice his gifts to fit any preconceived notion of what a Springbok should look like.
His confidence is founded in impressive statistics but also in an endorsement from the man he wishes to emulate. "Bryan Habana was recently with the team and told me personally that I have the potential to be better than him," Senatla gushes.
"That is all the motivation I need. I want to win that Springbok jersey and have the number 11 on it every time our country plays. With the Blitzboks we're encouraged to believe in ourselves and not set any limits. I think you can see where that has taken the team."
Just as we're about to wrap up our telephone conversation, I hear a strange thumping noise on the other end of the line. "Seabelo, are you having a massage?" He bursts into a fit of laughter and a string of sheepish apologies. "I just wanted to squeeze everything in," he explains. "Things are so hectic and I want to make sure I do everything right."
Having turned 24 on Friday, the speedster has the world at his feet — a far cry from the young man who only five years ago questioned whether he wanted to pursue the sport. "I feel so blessed to be on this journey. I never thought in my wildest dreams that I would be so lucky."
Senatla does not linger on the hard work, sacrifices and abundant talent that have brought him this far. "I try not to give myself too much praise. A lot of people have to wait a long time for the things that have come my way. Most people never get to experience them at all. To not try and be the best I can be would be to let a lot of people down, most of all myself. All I'm focused on is what lies ahead."
Daniel Gallan is a Johannesburg-born freelance journalist living in London, UK. He is constantly searching for the intersecting lines between sport and politics, to show that the games we play reflect who we are as a society.
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Roll Up, Roll Up!
Carnival Pool was named after the site it was built on, which was well-known in the area for hosting carnivals and fairs in years gone by.
Young swimmers are enjoying the new play equipment and revamped swimming facilities at Carnival Pool & Fitness in Wokingham in Berkshire, following a £140,000 refurbishment.
The children's beach pool was at the heart of the redevelopment project and now has new interactive play features such as a water slide, tipping buckets, cannons and water jets. The work was completed by Plymouth-based Hippo Leisure.
There was also investment in the mechanical plant works, which included replacing the circulation pumps, valves and strainer baskets and upgrading the electrical boards. New heat exchangers were fitted with associated valves and pipework to ensure the reliability of the heating and improve temperature control.
"All the investment follows a survey we did which found that customers with young children wanted a fun experience in the beach pool area," explains Martin Griffiths General Manager at Carnival Pool.
"Wokingham Borough Council came up with 40k funding for the new interactive water slide, which has resulted in increased engagement from children and families alike."
The 25m main pool is used for swimming lessons, general swimming sessions, aquafit and pool parties
Carnival Pool was named after the site it was built on, which was well-known in the area for hosting carnivals and fairs in years gone by. Sticking with the circus theme, the architecture of the building was modelled on a big top tent when it was built in 1992.
1Life has managed Carnival Pool & Fitness Centre from the outset which is part of a contract of four leisure venues in the Wokingham Borough.
In 2010 the site was identified in Wokingham Borough Council's masterplan as the best location to expand leisure facilities in the town centre and as part of that multi-million regeneration project, the council is currently building a new 529 space multi-storey car park at the site.
Martin comments: "What really makes Carnival Pool stand out from the crowd is that it is a multi-use pool, serving an extremely broad audience of all ages. There is something for everyone from children, to families, people wanting to improve their fitness to people who enjoy relaxation and leisure time. The activities in the timetable are extremely varied and attract many different clientele."
The water leisure facilities include a learner pool, which is used for swimming lessons, plus a 25m swimming pool, the recently refurbished children's beach pool and a spa area featuring a sauna and steam room. 1Life's in-house team maintains the pool facilities on a daily basis and the water is treated with chlorine and UV.
A host of swimming activities are offered at the centre, such as swimming lessons, lane swimming, senior swims, toddler splash sessions, disability sessions, aquafit, inflatable fun sessions and pool parties.
"We see a mix of clientele visiting the centre, which serves the direct Wokingham area and a five to six mile radius of the area," explains Martin Griffiths.
"Last year we had just over 123,000 customer visits to the centre, but we're expecting that number to increase this year with the upgrades to the pool area, which have already proven to be a big hit with visitors."
The centre is managed by Martin and a team of 70 staff, including Operations Manager Stefan Friel, Health and Fitness Manager Darren Rawlinson and Duty Manager and Rachel Cundle.
The beach pool has proven to be a big hit with children in the community since it opened earlier this year.
CELEBRITY APPEARANCE
Earlier this summer Carnival Pool welcomed three Olympic and Commonwealth athletes, as part of the Zoggs Oceans of Fun Day in partnership with Total Swimming. Swimmer James Goddard, water polo player Rosie Morris and synchronised swimmer Vicki Lucass led sessions across different aquatic disciplines – giving children the opportunity to try new activities and take part in water-based games.
"Over 70 children participated in the event which was great for introducing aquatic sports that many children will not have had the chance to experience," says Martin.
"We hope that the children who took part will see how much fun the pool can be and take up regular swimming at our centre."
FACT FILE: CARNIVAL POOL & FITNESS
Location: Wokingham, Berkshire
Pool Facilities: Beach pool, learner pool, 25m main pool, water flume and spa area
Swimming Activities: Adult and kids swimming lessons, lane swimming, senior swims, toddler splash sessions, disability sessions, aquafit, inflatable fun sessions and pool parties
On-Site Facilities: Gym, exercise studio, crèche and a swimming retail shop within the pool reception area
Visitors Per Year: 123,096
Managed By: 1Life
Carnival Pool & Fitness
www.1life.co.uk
This entry was posted in Commercial Swimming Pools and tagged 1Life, Carnival Pool, Carnival Pool & Fitness, Darren Rawlinson, Fun Day, Hippo Leisure, Martin Griffiths, Pool & Spa, Pool & Spa Industry, Pool Industry, Rachel Cundle, Stefan Friel, swimming pool, Swimming Pools, Total Swimming, Vicki Lucass, Wokingham Borough Council, Zoggs Oceans
£25m Leisure Centre Open For Business


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