Abstract: This article sheds light on the contributions of high school student activists in the environmental movement of the 1970s. Specifically, it focuses on the Nissequogue Environmental Committee (N.E.C), a Long Island-based environmental group consisting of students from Saint Anthony's High School in Smithtown, New York, whose members committed themselves to the preservation of the Nissequogue River from the group's inception in 1970 to its final year in 1979. Under the leadership of Founder and Chairman, Kenneth Dunton, N.E.C members utilized their varied and specialized science backgrounds in the hopes of preserving the Nissequogue in its "natural state" for future generations. Their efforts would ultimately result in the rivers' inclusion under New York State's 1972 Wild, Scenic, and Recreational Rivers Act.
Shakespeare alleged that "what's past is prologue." If this is true, then millennial ecological concerns such as those unveiled in recent films ranging from Al Gore's award-winning An Inconvenient Truth to Gregory Greene's The End of Suburbia: Oil Depletion and the Collapse of the American Dream and Laura Dunn's The Unforeseen, are not new to popular discourse. While such projects have once again popularized environmental protection campaigns on a local, national, and even global scale, we must recognize, particularly as we look forward to the fortieth anniversary of Earth Day in April of next year, that our contemporary environmental consciousness is an inheritance from previous generations, and not merely a creation of our own. Our benefactors, however, experienced and molded their gift to us in a plethora of ways; while many labored to abate global concerns such as population surpluses and over usage of natural resources, countless others focused their efforts in their own communities and, quite literally for some, right in their own backyards. Interestingly enough, many of these backyards have now become our own.
Our inheritance, as local Long Islanders, has been a landscape that, despite having been modified by the bulldozer, has also been safeguarded, particularly in the years following World War II, by local environmental activists and eco-friendly organizations. While the majority of these activists were members of socially and politically-recognized, adult-led organizations – including, among others, the Long Island Environmental Council and the Brookhaven Town Natural Resources Committee which later became the Environmental Defense Fund – others were not, as local teenagers also participated with, and formalized their own, environmental action organizations in their high schools. While Long Island became the laboratory for several teen environmental organizations in the late 1960s and early 1970s, a small number of them were able to not only call attention to ecological degradation, but also inspire local residents as well as local and state politicians to amend local practices and work for environmental protection. The Nissequogue Environmental Committee (N.E.C) from Saint Anthony's High School in Smithtown was one such activist group.
Figure 2: Photograph by Susan Tiffen. Used with Permission.
Founded in 1970, N.E.C. members committed themselves to the preservation of Long Island's roughly eight-mile Nissequogue River, which flowed behind their high school, from Smithtown north to the Long Island Sound. From 1970 to 1979, N.E.C. members logged countless hours along the Nissequogue, testing its waters for ecological impurities and inorganic pollutants. In addition, N.E.C members thrice published their findings for public consumption, offered copies of their reports to school and local libraries, and presented their findings to state and local politicians, as well as to various local environmental and political organizations concerned with the river's preservation. Despite N.E.C members' youth, this high school student environmental organization proved to be extraordinarily effective in calling attention to the pollutants in and around the Nissequogue River. While the N.E.C. was not the only local organization to advocate for state protection of the river, the group's research, findings, and reports provided the scientific foundation any such movement would require.
Despite the wealth of academic analyses of environmental activism on Long Island, New York State, and the nation on the whole, high school student environmental activists have remained almost entirely absent from the historical narrative. While scholars such as Samuel Hays, Hal Rothman, Kirkpatrick Sale, and Adam Rome have published necessary treatments of the twentieth-century environmental movement, they, as well as most practitioners in the field, have not unveiled the hidden histories of the high school environmentalist. In the few instances that such activists have been credited for their contributions, as they are in historian Robert Gottlieb's Forcing the Spring: The Transformation of the Environmental Movement and Matthew Gandy's Concrete and Clay: Reworking Nature in New York City, scholars have mentioned them only in passing, often focusing their attention on student-led environmental justice and anti-toxics campaigns of the 1980s and early 1990s. The existence, however, of N.E.C, as well as such groups as Students for Environmental Quality in Bellport, Students Against Violence to the Environment in Farmingdale, and the John Dewey High School Marine Biology Club in Brooklyn, to mention only a few, illustrates that high school student environmental activism flourished in the years following the first Earth Day in 1970.
The history of the N.E.C.'s Nissequogue River project will begin to fill this unfortunate void not only in the literature on the Environmental Movement, but also in the literature on post-World War II high school student activism. While teenaged activists have been the foci, in recent years, for scholars such as Gael Graham and Dionne Danns, neither one has examined high school student environmental activism. These scholars have offered a wealth of information on student involvement in movements such as Civil Rights, free speech, women's liberation, and anti-war; however, their analyses have neglected to recognize student environmental organizations such as the N.E.C. A mosaic of post-World War II high school student activism cannot be made complete without an examination of organizations of this breed.
Figure 3: Kenneth Dunton, N.E.C. Founder and First Chairman, Then and Now. Used with Permission.
It's a basic tenet of science, besides hypothesis testing, it's just observation. I think back then a lot of lifeguards didn't know it, but they became in a sense, Marine Scientists, just because they learned so much just by being around the water.
With the Nissequogue situated directly behind Saint Anthony's High School, Dunton's interest in the river evolved organically. For him, "it looked like an interesting river system" which he could observe and test in his leisure time. As he explained, it was his natural curiosity that first sparked his interest in the Nissequogue; he never intended to organize his peers and form the N.E.C.
Dunton's curiosity, however, quickly led to a genuine concern for the Nissequogue's health and natural aesthetic. While canoeing up river Dunton discovered several sources of "anthropogenic inputs that didn't belong there" including "sewage, [and] in some cases pipes that were delivering God knows what" into the water. He soon realized that such inorganic materials would and could clearly alter marine bacterial levels, and not only endanger wildlife in the area, but marine life as well. He also recognized that if appropriate actions were taken, and the pollutants were eliminated, "the natural flushing of the tides [would] clean that system up so the river [could] regain its economic value in terms of the fishery." At the same time, Dunton, still only a senior in high school, realized he would need assistance if he was to accomplish anything. Fortunately, Saint Anthony's High School put him in close contact with a host of college-bound teenagers, many of whom he knew shared his interest in the natural environment. Dunton recalled, "back then I wanted to get a group of people together, my colleagues at Saint Anthony's, I thought, would be really interested in going out and working with me doing chemistry and biology in terms of censusing the plant and animal life and looking at the chemistry of the river". In the fall of 1970, he spread word of his intentions and hoped for the best.
Figure 4: Photograph by Susan Tiffen. Used with Permission.
By the end of October, his quest to enlist fellow students had brought together a core group of twenty teenaged boys with interests and experiences in various scientific disciplines. Early on, Dunton realized that for a fledgling association of twenty members with disparate academic pursuits to be most effective, N.E.C. would need to be organized in a manner that efficiently utilized each member's scientific expertise. To this end, members joined one of five field-specific sub-committees, including the Bacteriological, Geological, Bio-Chemical, Ecological, and Public Relations Committees. Each of these five sub-committees was led by its own chairman who was to be responsible for reporting his committee's findings to not only his fellow N.E.C. members, but also to the group's four governing officers. In the fall of 1970, Dunton was the obvious choice for Chairman, even though he was scheduled to graduate that spring.
Recognizing that the N.E.C. would more than likely endure long after his graduation, Dunton chose to groom freshman classmate Daniel Sulmasy as his successor. As Dunton explained, Sulmasy was "a natural" heir to the Nissequogue River Study.
Daniel Sulmasey was one of those really sharp kids that was already in the top ten percent of his class and, you know, already had the right attitude and interests and brains, basically, intelligence to carry this forward. So, he became a natural successor to this whole project, I mean, he and I worked really closely in my senior year.
As an Assistant Chairman of the N.E.C. and Chairman of the Bacteriological Committee, Sulmasy was young enough to eventually carry the group forward when he would become Chairman for the 1972-1973 academic school year. Nevertheless, from 1970 to 1972, Dunton and his junior classmate, Assistant Chairman Scott McNamara, would lead the N.E.C, in its first two years, respectively.
If you did this it was going to end the world within our lifespan. If not, shortly thereafter. And many of us were committed to trying to preserve what we had. We had the Nissequogue River right there, that was beautiful, that we could fish in, that we thought with continued pollution it was going to be to the detriment of the river and the community.
Like most Saint Anthony's students, however, McNamara did not live in Smithtown, where the school was located, nor did he live anywhere else along the river. Unlike public school children who often attend schools in close proximity to their homes, parochial school children typically travel to school from disparate regional communities. Saint Anthony's High School was no exception. As McNamara explained, the "school drew students from as far in as Mineola all the way out past Saint James, and from the North Shore to the South Shore" .Interestingly enough, while youths from other high school environmental organizations, such as Students for Environmental Quality in Bellport, labored to protect rivers and streams that flowed through their communities of residence, N.E.C members shared a different experience. For them, Saint Anthony's High School was, on one level, a community unto itself. With this in mind, it is no wonder why N.E.C. members "were pretty gung-ho" and anxious to "save the world," when the Nissequogue River, a small part of that world, flowed past their Smithtown high school property.
The N.E.C was not, however, the only local organization concerned with preserving the Nissequogue River. In addition to various Smithtown residents, the Smithtown League of Women Voters (L.W.V) and the Smithtown Conservation Advisory Council (S.C.A.C) also labored to protect the local waterway. Throughout 1967, League members conducted an extensive river study framed around six key questions encompassing topics such as the river's value to Smithtown residents, the benefits and/or drawbacks of dredging, legal protection for the river, and arguments for and against development. The L.W.V sought to understand if the river should "be developed for recreation," "preserved in its present relatively natural state" or, if "both interests which are vital to man [could] be served mutually?" While the group's fact sheet only offered the pros and cons for each of their queries, the report stressed the anthropomorphic and chemical pollutants that had, and would continue to, endanger the Nissequogue if development occurred. While pollution levels in some areas of the river had decreased since the early 1950s, the report indicated that "pollution still exist[ed] in the mouth of the river" and as of September 1967, the New York State Department of Conservation was still "seeking to locate the source." N.E.C. members' bio-chemical testing of the local waterway would lead to that source just four years later.
The students' intentions and efforts were well received and more than encouraged by the L.W.V as well as by the newly created Smithtown Conservation Advisory Council (S.C.A.C). Established in late 1967 to "advise in the promotion and development of town natural resources," "conduct research into land area of the town" and to "coordinate activities of unofficial bodies organized for similar purposes," S.C.A.C not only offered enthusiastic moral support to the nascent environmentalists, but also loaned them the water analysis gear to conduct their research. In addition to S.C.A.C's support, N.E.C. members also benefited from the expertise and advice of Dr. Charles Hall, a local biologist from Brookhaven National Laboratory and an Ecology Professor at Cornell University, Stephen Pradon, a Smithtown Wildlife Naturalist, and Anthony Taormina, Suffolk County's Supervisor of Fish and Game for the New York Department of Environmental Conservation.
With Saint Anthony's science equipment at their disposal as well as the support of those listed above, N.E.C. was well suited to begin their study . . . in early of 1971. Their findings, however, would lead to contestations between the students, administrators at Saint Anthony's High School, and local businesses located along the Nissequogue River.
Unlike the millions of American high school students who relish their three-month summer vacation as a time to recover from and prepare for the academic year, Kenneth Dunton spent the summer of 1970 at the State University of New York at Stony Brook studying Marine Science. While many of his peers used their time recreationally, Dunton spent this summer fomenting his love of marine life, not only as a lifeguard, but also as a blossoming scientist by learning how to sample, test, and analyze water. As Dunton explained, the course, and what he learned from it, partially inspired his initial foray onto the banks of the Nissequogue. More importantly, this experience at Stony Brook introduced him to scientific means and methods uncharacteristic of a 1970s high school science classroom, which he and his N.E.C. peers were able to employ in their study.
We ended up doing the kind of chemistry that a lot of students don't see until they are in college now. For sure, like dissolved oxygen; actually titrating water samples and measuring dissolved oxygen. That is unbelievable that we did that as fifteen year olds and sixteen year olds. In fact, the pictures that are in the newspaper actually show pictures of us; I can see the D.O.D. bottles on this table and here we are using very highly concentrated acids and bases to titrate dissolved oxygen. It's just unbelievable. We're not even wearing goggles, masks, gloves, anything.
In March of 1971, N.E.C. members began to apply this sophisticated lab-based knowledge to the river, and spent the next several months sampling and testing the river water for organic and inorganic pollutants.
N.E.C. members determined, however, that private homes and private waste were not the main source of water pollution, even though both threatened water quality. The presence of "domesticated ducks" along the river at the Landing Avenue Park, as well as the proximity of Smithtown's Porterhouse Riverboat Restaurant in relation to the waterway appeared to be the more likely suspects, especially from an unbiased, environmentally-conscious perspective. The students' conclusions indicated that duck droppings had "caused Coli form counts to increase greatly over what private homes alone would cause." Moreover, the mean average Coli form count (at 4,625) near the Porterhouse Riverboat Restaurant (incidentally located next to another duck pond) "exceeded all health standards by over 4,000." Even though, as N.E.C. members asserted, "pollution was not a serious problem" in the river's lower region, their findings indicated that the upper portions had become jeopardized.
These astronomical pollution levels prompted the committee to recommend swift local action in defense of the river. To this end, members offered three recommendations in their fifty-five page report for Smithtown officials to consider. This included: "a thorough investigation" of the Porterhouse's "waste disposal system" and a reexamination of its "health and various licenses by county officials;" a reduction of "domesticated ducks" by the Smithtown Parks Department; and, an investigation of all "dredging and landfill projects adjacent to the river" by town officials to ensure their absolute necessity. In addition to publishing these recommendations and their research findings for public consumption, N.E.C. members' also relayed their discoveries to local newspapers, which published several articles regarding the organization, their study, and their findings, including their allegations against the Porterhouse Riverboat Restaurant.
These allegations were not well received by the restaurant's management who, with support from Edwin Werner from the Suffolk Environmental Control Department, reported that the "restaurant's cesspools and pumps [were] in perfect condition and that the water [was] clean." Nevertheless, as Daniel Sulmasy explained, the N.E.C. had "traced" the high levels of Coli form bacteria "back and actually found that this restaurant had placed cesspools into a marsh which was leeching raw sewage which was just draining out into these little rivulets which went right into the river." Moreover, the restaurant's cesspools had, "for some time," been of concern to S.C.A.C and local Smithtown officials since they were "too close to the river to allow for proper soil filtration before seeping into the Nissequogue". Despite the N.E.C.'s evidence and local concerns, however, Saint Anthony's administrators, who had initially supported and summarily congratulated the students for their efforts, found themselves in a quagmire regarding the allegations. As it turned out, Saint Anthony's High School and the Porterhouse Riverboat Restaurant were closely associated with one another, as Sulmasy made clear.
I can tell you that this then got us into some significant trouble, because it turned out that the restaurant gave a lot of money to our school, Saint Anthony's, and the restaurant owner threatened the principal that he was going to stop giving money. And in the days of the 1970s, I guess we were brought into the principal'' office and told that they were going to cut off funding for us. We felt that this was unconscionable and that, you know, a good Franciscan institution should take the environment seriously.
Saint Anthony's did, however, value the time and effort N.E.C. members had put into the project, and rather than force the students to disband or publicly rescind their report, the school only asked them to look elsewhere for financial support and official recognition.
For this, N.E.C members turned to the local community, S.C.A.C. and Suffolk County officials. Speaking to Garden Club members and visiting with local Nissequogue residents proved a fruitful means of private fund-raising. On one occasion, N.E.C. was afforded the opportunity to present their concerns in the home of County Executive John V. N. Klein, who "land[ed] in a helicopter from Riverhead while we were addressing the Garden Club." Exposure and audiences such as this not only secured the necessary financial assistance N.E.C. needed to continue its research, but it also garnered the students' official recognition and a sense of legitimacy. Local officials were so impressed with N.E.C.'s work, that Daniel Sulmasy, N.E.C.'s Chairman for the 1972-1973 school year, was eventually appointed to S.C.A.C by Smithtown's Town Supervisor in 1973. This position afforded N.E.C. members another layer of credibility as they continued to study the Nissequogue and publish their findings throughout the 1970s.
Figure 9: Photograph by Susan Tiffen. Used with Permission.
With the publication of their first report in November of 1971, however, N.E.C. members quickly realized that their work had only just begun. For them, it was clear that more research, sampling, and analyses, as well as new recruits, would be required if the Nissequogue River was to be protected and preserved. With Sulmasy at the helm, as Dunton had predicted, N.E.C.'s work was, in fact, able to continue long after Dunton and McNamara had graduated. As N.E.C.'s third chairman, Sulmasy led the group through its second round of testing from 1972 to 1973, and oversaw the publication of its second report, published in November of 1973. A third report followed four years later. According to the N.E.C.'s second publication, while the river water was "generally" free from impurities, "severe bacteriological pollution" was still present "in the waters adjacent to the Porterhouse Riverboat Restaurant." N.E.C. once again linked the high coli form levels to the restaurant's "leaking above-ground cesspool system." Moreover, the N.E.C's analyses of the cesspool "confirm[ed] that the liquid which flow[ed] from the cap [was] without a doubt raw sewage." Again, N.E.C. alleged that this sewage flowed directly into, and therefore had contaminated, the Nissequogue River. In the group's 1977 report, however, the students reported that coli form levels in the same area had significantly decreased, appearing "very seldom" if at all. These latter findings prompted N.E.C. members to conclude that, by 1977, the restaurant's "cesspools [were] no longer polluting the river." Clearly then, it is safe to assume that at some point between the N.E.C's publication of its second and third river reports, the Porterhouse Riverboat Restaurant must have mended its faulty cesspool system, which led to the lower coli form counts. With few, if any, detectable organic and/or inorganic impurities left in the Nissequogue River, the N.E.C. officially disbanded in 1979, having accomplished its founder's mission.
That didn't necessarily mean, however, that the local waterway would be shielded from development and pollution in the years ahead. Indeed, only its inclusion under New York State's 1972 Wild, Scenic and Recreational Rivers Act (WSRRA) could guarantee the Nissequogue the level of protection needed to sustain it for future generations. The first step towards this ultimate goal had been taken in 1974 with the river's partial incorporation into New York's State Park System. With the opening of the Nissequogue River State Park on April 1 of that year, roughly 600 acres of undeveloped land along portions of the riverbank were to be preserved in their natural state for recreation as well as maintenance of native flora and fauna. Just three years later, as N.E.C. members were drafting their third and final report, the New York State legislature in Albany designated the Nissequogue a "study river" to be analyzed for possible future inclusion under the WSRRA. By the middle of the following decade, the Nissequogue River would be included under the act, due in large part to the research conducted by and the public support garnered by the N.E.C. Ironically, what began as one high school student's quest to satiate a curiosity, ultimately inspired a group of twenty high school students to begin a movement to save a river.
Figure 10: Photograph by Susan Tiffen. Used with Permission.
In The Greening of a Nation ?: Environmentalism in the United States Since 1945, the late Hal Rothman argued that "Americans have shown a tendency to be 'green' when it is inexpensive – economically, socially, and culturally – but a reluctance to collectively sacrifice convenience and even the smallest of material advantages to assure a 'cleaner' future." In Rothman's estimation, this "paradox" has plagued American society and, by extension, the post-World War II American Environmental Movement. In the present age, Rothman's sentiment still holds true for many sectors in our society. For many, environmental protection is but an afterthought, only rising to prominence as An Inconvenient Truth Americans are willing to hear, but not act upon. For the rest, personal sacrifice and environmental action reek of futility, as a wasteful American consumer-driven society devours natural resources while at the same time contradicts itself by celebrating Earth Day every April 22nd. The exception, however, has been the thousands of high school student environmental activists and high school environmental activist groups like the N.E.C.
Unlike many of their parents, teachers, and other adult neighbors, high school student environmentalists – then and now – transcend Rothman's late 1990s critique. Unlike adults, including their fellow environmentalists, high schoolers are neither homeowners nor taxpayers, and are not responsible for any expense, be it economic, social, or cultural. While adults, such as those who once owned and managed the Porterhouse Riverboat Restaurant, by economic necessity, have tended to consider financial security and profit before environmental health, high school student activists have not. This state of teenage limbo, where student activists are no longer considered children, but not yet considered adults, allow youth activists to develop their own environmental consciousness, which is unhindered by questions of property rights, tax assessments, and/or profit. Ultimately, this allows them to look beyond the financial anxieties that plague their adult neighbors, and concern themselves more with environmental protection, especially when the fruits of their labor protect the aesthetic and ecological values of natural areas. N.E.C. members of the early 1970s were no different.
While Rothman's critique may indeed be truly indicative of adult Americans, regardless of the era in question, high school student environmentalists have always been able, as the old adage states, to see the forest for the trees. Guided by a desire to preserve natural areas and dismayed by those who have opted for the alternative, high school students, like N.E.C. members, have played a significant role in environmental defense on all levels, be it local, state, national or even global. In the coming years, while adult environmentalists and their opposition in government as well as in the private sector debate the cost-benefit analyses of environmental health, teenage environmentalists across the nation will still organize in-school environmental protection associations, hold Earth Day community clean-ups, begin in-school and community recycling campaigns, promote green living alternatives, and excitedly bring home eco-friendly literature to their parents and neighbors to read. They will understand green areas not as sites for future commercial or private development, but as the natural and vital eco-systems that they are. Profit and indulgence will not cloud their vision as it did not cloud the vision of their forbearers. If we, as adults, begin to see the world as they do, then abatement of our current ecological crises may still be possible.
Figure 11: Photograph by Susan Tiffen. Used with Permission.
 See Philip Shabecoff, A Fierce Green Fire: The American Environmental Movement (New York: Hill and Wang, 1993); Richard N. L. Andrews, Managing the Environment, Managing Ourselves: A History of American Environmental Policy (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999); Christopher Sellers, "Body, Place and the State: The Making of an 'Environmental' Imaginary in the Post-World War II U.S.," Radical History Review 74 (1999): 31-64.
 Samuel P. Hays, Beauty, Health and Permanence: Environmental Politics in the United States, 1955-1985 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1987); Kirkpatrick Sale, The Green Revolution: The American Environmental Movement, 1962-1992 (New York: Hill and Wang, 1993); Hal K. Rothman, The Greening of a Nation: Environmentalism in the United States Since 1945 (New York: Harcourt Brace, 1998); Adam Rome, Bulldozer in the Countryside: Suburban Sprawl and the Rise of American Environmentalism (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001).
 Robert Gottlieb, Forcing the Spring: The Transformation of the American Environmental Movement (Washington, D.C.: Island Press, 1993); Matthew Gandy, Concrete and Clay: Reworking Nature in New York City (Cambridge: The MIT Press, 2002). In "'Give Earth a Chance': The Environmental Movement and the Sixties," Adam Rome, like countless environmental historians before him, acknowledges that the movement "attracted million of people in their teens" but does not address high school environmentalism activism directly. See The Journal of American History Vol. 90, No. 2 (2003), 525-554.
 Gael Graham, Young Activists: American High School Students in the Age of Protest (DeKalb, Illinois: Northern Illinois University, 2006); Dionne Danns, Something Better for Our Children: Black Organizing in Chicago Public Schools, 1963-1971 (New York: Routledge, 2003); See also Jeanne F. Theoharis and Komozi Woodard, eds. Freedom North: Black Freedom Struggles Outside the South, 1940-1980 (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003); Franklin, Barry M., "Community, Race, and Curriculum in Detroit: The Northern High School Walkout," History of Education Vol. 33. No. 2 (March 2004): 137-156; Gael Graham, "Flaunting the Freak Flag: Karr v. Schmidt and the Great Hair Debate in American High Schools, 1965-1975," The Journal of American History Vol. 91. No. 2 (September, 2004) pages ? In the early 1970s, several edited volumes were published which provided first hand accounts of high school student activists, including: Marc Libarle and Tom Seligson, eds., The High School Revolutionaries (New York: Random House, 1970); and John Birmingham, ed. Our Time is Now: Notes from the High School Underground (New York: Praeger, 1970).
 Kenneth Dunton, interview by author, 17 October 2007.
 Nissequogue Environmental Committee, meeting minutes, circa fall 1970, from the private collection of Daniel Sulmasy.
 Dunton interview; Nissequogue Environmental Committee, Survey of the Nissequogue River (Smithtown, NY: Saint Anthony's High School), 1971, Smithtown Public Library and the Frank Melville Jr. Memorial Library, Stony Brook University, Government Documents Collection.
 Saint Anthony's High School Yearbook Staff, Anthonian 1972, 119.
 Scott McNamara, interview by author, 16 October 2007.
 Neil P. Buffett, A River's Place: High School Student Activism and Environmental Protection on Long Island, 1956-1974 (unpublished paper, author's possession). For an excellent treatment of place-experience, see Yi-Fu Tuan, Space and Place: The Experience of Place (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, 1977).
 Smithtown League of Women Voters, Nissequogue River Study Fact Sheet (unpublished document) Smithtown, New York, 1967. The Smithtown Public Library.
 Smithtown League of Women Voters, 10; "Study of River Completed by St. Anthony's," Smithtown Messenger (November 4, 1971), 3; "River Pollution Study: St. Anthony's Students Express Their Concern," The Smithtown News (November 4, 1971), 11; "HS Students Did Pollution Study of River," Sunday News (November 7, 1971), 2.
 Daniel Sulmasy, interview by author, 12 November 2007); Dunton interview; Nissequogue Environmental Committee, Survey of the Nissequogue River (Smithtown, NY: Saint Anthony's High School, 1971), vi-vii.
 Nissequogue Environmental Committee, Survey of the Nissequogue River (Smithtown, NY: Saint Anthony's High School, 1971), 5, 30; John Leonard, interview by author, 11 October 2007).
 Nissequogue Environmental Committee, Survey of the Nissequogue River (Smithtown, NY: Saint Anthony's High School, 1971), 5, 30.
 Nissequogue Environmental Committee, Survey of the Nissequogue River (Smithtown, NY: Saint Anthony's High School, 1971), 30; "River Pollution Study: St. Anthony's Students Express Their Concern," The Smithtown News (November 4, 1971), 11; "HS Students Did Pollution Study of River," Sunday News (November 7, 1971), 2; "Study of River Completed by St. Anthony's," Smithtown Messenger (November 4, 1971), 3; Tom Incantalupo, "Beyond the Beer Can is a River to be Saved," Newsday ( November 5, 1971), 17.
 "River Pollution Study: St. Anthony's Students Express Their Concern," The Smithtown News (November 4, 1971), 11.
 Sulmasy interview; "Youths Tell How to Save River," New York Times (March 10, 1974), 94.
 Nissequogue Environmental Committee, Survey of the Nissequogue River (Smithtown, NY: Saint Anthony's High School), 1973, ix, found at the Smithtown Public Library.
 Nissequogue Environmental Committee, Survey of the Nissequogue River (Smithtown, NY: Saint Anthony's High School), 1977, Smithtown Public Library; "River Making Comeback," The Smithtown News (March 17, 1977).
 For more on the WSRRA, see Wild, Scenic and Recreational Rivers System Title 27, New York State Environmental Conservation Law, 15-2701 – 15-2723 found in New York Consolidated Law Service: Annotated Statutes with Forms, Environmental Conservation Law, Articles 15 to 22 Vol. 12A, (Rochester: The Lawyers Co-operative,1982).
 Nissequogue Environmental Committee, Survey of the Nissequogue River (Smithtown, NY: Saint Anthony's High School), 1977.
 Therese Madonia, "Building Banned on the Nissequogue," The New York Times (July 21, 1985), LI6; "Albany Rules Curb Building Near Streams," The New York Times (December 8, 1985), 84; see also New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Nissequogue River: New York State Wild, Scenic and Recreational River System – Summary Study Report (Albany: NYS DEC, 1982).
 Hal K. Rothman, The Greening of a Nation?: Environmentalism in the United States Since 1945 (Fort Worth: Harcourt, Brace, 1998), 5.


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Responding to Media Matters, AP continued to mislead in reporting on Reid
Written by Simon Maloy
Published 06/01/06 3:15 PM EDT
In its response to Media Matters for America and TPM Muckraker's analyses of reporter John Solomon's seriously flawed Associated Press article, the AP cited three Nevada boxing officials to support Solomon's suggestion that Sen. Harry Reid's "ticket" to a September 2004 boxing match had monetary value, and could therefore be considered a "gift" from the Nevada Athletic Commission, as defined by Senate ethics rules. However, none of the three officials was quoted to that effect in Solomon's May 29 article, and all three have subsequently been quoted making statements that appear to contradict the AP's claims.
In a May 31 e-mail to Media Matters for America, the Associated Press -- through director of Media Relations and Public Affairs Linda M. Wagner -- responded to Media Matters' and TPM Muckraker's analyses of reporter John Solomon's seriously flawed May 29 Associated Press article, in which Solomon suggested that Senate Democratic Leader Harry Reid (NV) had acted improperly by attending Las Vegas boxing matches as the guest of the Nevada Athletic Commission (NAC) at a time when the agency "was trying to influence him on federal regulation of boxing." In its response, the AP cited three Nevada boxing officials to support Solomon's suggestion that Reid's "ticket" to a September 2004 boxing match had monetary value, and could therefore be considered a "gift" from the NAC, as defined by Senate ethics rules. However, none of the three officials was quoted to that effect in Solomon's May 29 article, and all three have subsequently been quoted making statements that appear to contradict the AP's claims. Also, the AP falsely claimed that Media Matters had mischaracterized the content of Solomon's article.
The entire text of Wagner's response is presented below:
Several online postings by TPM Muckraker and Mediamatters regarding Associated Press stories about U.S. Senate Minority Leader Harry Reid (D-NV) are misleading, inaccurate and false, as indicated in the points below, which are supported by the text of the actual AP stories, indented and boldfaced below. Note that the AP provides numerous cycles of the same story to its members and customers, adding material as the story develops and the reporter gathers additional information.
Contrary to assertions by these sites, the first cycle of the story in question, and that afternoon's cycle, reported that the Nevada commission was opposed to legislation that would create a federal boxing commission. The relevant paragraph from the afternoon story follows:
Marc Ratner, executive director of the Nevada Athletic Commission when Reid took the free tickets, said one of his desires was to convince Reid and McCain that there was no need for the federal government to usurp the state commission's authority. At the time, McCain and Reid were pushing legislation to create a federal boxing commission. [...] "I am a states rights activist and I didn't want any federal bill that would take away our state rights to regulate fights," Ratner said, adding that he hoped McCain and Reid, at the very least, would be persuaded to model any federal commission after Nevada's body.
Contrary to TPM Muckraker assertions, Senator Reid did not vote against the legislation the Nevada commission supported. Senators Reid and McCain sponsored legislation the commission wanted to change. AP clearly reported this, as follows:
At the time, McCain and Reid were pushing legislation to create a federal boxing commission.
AP also clearly quoted Reid as saying he did not change his vote as a result of the gifts, as follows:
Reid said he never would change his position because of donations, free tickets or a request from a former-staffer-turned-lobbyist. "People who deal with me and have over the years know that I am an advocate for what I believe in. I always try to do it fair, never take advantage of people on purpose," he said.
TPM Muckraker stated mistakenly that AP failed to report that there is an absolute exemption allowing lawmakers to take gifts from federal, state and local officials. AP, in fact, accurately reported that there is a general exemption for such gifts but that the Congressional ethics manual clearly warns members of Congress against accepting such normally permitted gifts if they are connected to efforts to influence their position on legislation. The commission that gave Senator Reid the tickets said on the record it was trying to influence Reid and McCain by bringing them to the fights. As reported by AP:
Senate ethics rules generally allow lawmakers to accept gifts from federal, state or local governments, but specifically warn against taking such gifts -- particularly on multiple occasions -- when they might be connected to efforts to influence official actions. ["]Senators and Senate staff should be wary of accepting any gift where it appears that the gift is motivated by a desire to reward, influence or elicit favorable official action," the Senate ethics manual states. It cites the 1990s example of an Oregon lawmaker who took gifts for personal use from a South Carolina state university and its president while that school was trying to influence his official actions. ["]Repeatedly taking gifts which the Gifts Rule otherwise permits to be accepted may, nonetheless, reflect discredit upon the institution, and should be avoided," the manual says.
The credentials came directly from the Nevada Athletic Commission and were seats controlled by the commission, according to current executive director Keith Kizer and former director Marc Ratner. Kizer specifically stated to AP that the credential was the equivalent of a ticket. "In Sen. Reid's case, the credential was Sen. Reid's ticket to the fight. He didn't need to buy one to get in." On the value of the tickets, both Ratner and Arum said the seats that Reid and McCain used for the Oscar De La Hoya fight were worth about $1,400 to $1,500 each. That's why McCain insisted on paying that amount. The commission arranged for McCain's check to be sent to Arum, who cashed it and donated the money to charity. A gift under Senate ethics rule is defined as "anything of monetary value." Ringside seats have clear monetary value. As noted above, members of Congress are advised not to take any gift from any source if it could appear connected to influencing official acts, such as Reid's boxing legislation. Ethics experts told AP that, if the commission wouldn't accept reimbursement, Reid still had several options to comply with his ethical requirements. He could have simply bought a ticket at the box office. He could have reimbursed the promoter like McCain did. Or he could have donated an equal amount to charity, like lawmakers sometimes do when they get forbidden honoraria for speeches.
In the last bullet point, Wagner quoted NAC executive director Keith Kizer saying "the credential" Reid received from the NAC "was Sen. Reid's ticket to the fight." The AP also claimed that "[o]n the value of the tickets, both [former NAC executive director Marc] Ratner and Arum said the seats that Reid and McCain used for the Oscar De La Hoya fight were worth about $1,400 to $1,500 each. That's why McCain insisted on paying that amount. The commission arranged for McCain's check to be sent to Arum, who cashed it and donated the money to charity." Therefore, according to the AP, there is no difference between the "credential" Reid received and ringside tickets, as "[r]ingside seats have clear monetary value." Kizer, however, was not quoted or mentioned in any version of Solomon's May 29 article (or, according to a Nexis search, in any AP story about Harry Reid), nor did the word "credential" appear in any version. Solomon simply wrote that Reid received "tickets" that "were close to the ring and worth between several hundred and several thousand dollars each," and did not quote anybody in support of this statement. Similarly, Arum is not quoted or mentioned in any version of Solomon's May 29 article -- although he was mentioned in a follow-up June 1 article by Solomon -- and Ratner was not quoted discussing the value of the "tickets."
Moreover, according to a May 31 Las Vegas Review-Journal article, Ratner and NAC chairman Skip Avansino in fact drew a distinction between the "credentials" Reid received and ringside tickets, as Media Matters has noted. From the Review-Journal article:
Ratner said Tuesday the seats Reid and McCain got weren't tickets available to the general public but "credentials" the commission gives only to public officials hoping to observe the commission's activity.
Skip Avansino, current chairman of the athletic commission and a commission member since 2002, said Reid, McCain and the athletic commissioners sat on folding chairs in a small, cramped area, not in the posh ringside seats for which pricey tickets are sold. Avansino also said the commissioners were too busy to spend much time bending Reid's ear during the fight.
TPM Muckraker also quoted Kizer saying that there is a difference between a "ticket" and a "credential." According to TPM Muckraker:
He went on to explain that credentials are given out to governmental officials and others in order to observe the commission's activity. Sometimes the credentials are provided in addition to tickets -- sometimes officials sit in the commission's area.
Additionally, the Review-Journal quoted Arum saying that "credentials cannot be sold," and that "[t]here's no price on them," which flatly contradicts what Wagner claimed Arum said -- but Solomon did not actually include in any version of the original story -- about the market value of the tickets.
In the first bullet point -- the only bullet point that specifically addresses Media Matters -- the AP falsely claimed Media Matters accused Solomon of omitting from his May 29 article the fact that the NAC "was opposed to legislation that would create a federal boxing commission." In fact, the third paragraph of Media Matters' May 30 item clearly states: "In the article, Solomon revealed that Reid had been treated to ringside seats at several Las Vegas boxing matches while the Senate was considering whether to create a federal boxing commission -- legislation that Reid had designed and supported, but that the NAC opposed." Media Matters also quoted the portion of Solomon's article in which he noted that the NAC opposed the legislation: "Reid took the free seats for Las Vegas fights between 2003 and 2005 as he was pressing legislation to increase government oversight of the sport, including the creation of a federal boxing commission that Nevada's agency feared might usurp its authority."
Moreover, according to the Review-Journal, the NAC says it did not actually oppose the legislation: "While Ratner may have had an opinion about federal regulation's potential effect on Nevada, Avansino said the commission never took an official position on the federal proposal but merely monitored the bill's progress to see if the commission would be affected." Media Matters based the assertion that the NAC opposed the legislation on Solomon's May 29 report.
Also, in her email, Wagner did not address Media Matters' original criticism of Solomon's article: that Solomon failed to note that six months after attending one of the boxing matches, Reid allowed to pass the legislation Solomon claimed the NAC opposed.
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Boy Scouts To Decide Whether To Admit Gay Youth
DAVID GREENE, HOST:
This is MORNING EDITION from NPR News. Good morning. I'm David Greene.
LINDA WERTHEIMER, HOST:
And I'm Linda Wertheimer.
This week, Boy Scouts of America officials will meet in Texas to consider changing the group's longstanding ban on gay members. The first round of voting starts tomorrow. A new membership policy would allow gay youth, but continue to ban adult leaders who are gay.
NPR's Kathy Lohr reports.
KATHY LOHR, BYLINE: The century-old organization is at a crossroads as 1,400 voting members decide its future.
UNIDENTIFIED GROUP: On my honor, I will do my best. to do my duty to God and my country...
LOHR: In Alpharetta, Ga., a meeting starts with scouts reciting the oath as they stand at attention. Troop 629 in the Atlanta Area Council is holding patrol leader elections. The boys run the meetings themselves, with assistance from Scoutmaster Fran Gillis.
FRAN GILLIS: Ask yourself a few questions before you vote. Is this person the one I want leading me on my activities, to make sure we have a good time? Is he not only going to give me a fun time, but is it going to be in the scouting way?
LOHR: This vote was quick and easy. but debate over the upcoming Texas vote is intense. The resolution being considered says no youth may be denied membership on the basis of sexual orientation or preference alone. The new policy would allow gay members but would ban anyone who is gay from becoming a leader after age 18.
(SOUNDBITE OF CONVERSATIONS)
KATHLEEN NARAYANAN: Quite frankly, I think the Boy scouts are a little bit behind the times.
LOHR: Kathleen Narayanan is the advancement chair for Troop 629. One of her sons is an eagle scout and the other is senior patrol leader.
NARAYANAN: Well, most people don't really care if someone is a gay man or a lesbian female. You know, you judge somebody based on the person, not on their sexuality.
LOHR: The most recent debate over the policy began in January. One idea was to allow local troops to decide whether to allow gay members. Some conservative organizations objected. So the Boy Scouts conducted a survey and came up with the latest proposal, which would allow openly gay youth to participate. For the past couple of months, groups have been lobbying, protesting and threatening to leave the group if the proposal passes.
But Paul Guequierre with the Human Rights Campaign says it doesn't go far enough.
PAUL GUEQUIERRE: There is no reason for discrimination to be a part of Boy Scouts of America. And I think more and more people are seeing that now and are ready for the Boy Scouts to change their policy, not just for scouts but also for adults.
LOHR: But some religious and conservative groups, including the Family Research Council, say lifting the ban would, quote, "dramatically alter the culture and moral landscape of America." Texas Governor Rick Perry spoke at a Web event sponsored by the Council earlier this month, saying the group should not cave into pressure from gay rights activists.
GOV. RICK PERRY: And for pop culture to come in and try to tear that up because it just happens to be the, you know, the flavor of the month so to speak, and to tear apart one of the great organizations that have served millions of young men, that is just not appropriate.
LOHR: About 70 percent of troops are chartered by faith-based groups. The Mormon Church says it's OK with allowing gay scouts and is satisfied the group has made a good faith effort to address the issue.
On the other hand a spokesman for the Southern Baptist Convention, Roger Oldham, says the change contradicts the churches' values.
ROGER OLDHAM: Why would Mom and Dad voluntarily choose to expose their children to an organization that no longer shares their values?
LOHR: Last week, a group known as OnMyHonor.net organized rallies across the country. About 40 people showed up outside the Boy Scout headquarters in Atlanta to urge members not to vote for the change. Lauri Weatherly has two sons in scouting and she says allowing gay members would be a mistake.
LAURI WEATHERLY: That doesn't go along with the mission statement that Boy Scouts of America has in place. It goes against the scout oath and it goes against the scout law.
LOHR: But assistant scoutmaster for Troop 629, Jason Sutton, says that's not true. Military and workplace policies have changed he says and scouting should too.
JASON SUTTON: And so, I think this is as a first step of getting to where society is, and society's tolerance.
LOHR: The divide over the proposal continues. Area councils across the country have come down on both sides. As the vote nears, neither side is backing down.
Kathy Lohr, NPR News. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.
See stories by Kathy Lohr


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Home » Car Reviews » Thought Tesla Cybetruck Fever Was Dead? Think Again And Meet The Cyberwheel
Thought Tesla Cybetruck Fever Was Dead? Think Again And Meet The Cyberwheel
Looks like the radical looking Cybertruck's bold design is still a source of inspiration.
People went crazy when Tesla revealed the Cybertruck, with reactions ranging from ' shut up and take my money, ' to ' they'll never build that, it can never work.' But regardless of where you stand between those two viewpoints, you can't deny the fact that the Tesla truck's reveal has caused ripples all across the world, and even though it's not fresh news any more, it's still inspiring people.
After the slew of tinkerers who attempted to build their own versions of the Cybertruck, it also inspired people to apply its design to other objects or means of transportation. The most recent we've stumbled across is this so-called Cyberwheel, basically an electric unicycle (also known as an EUC) that has been styled to look like the Tesla pickup.
Unsurprisingly, Wesley, the man who built it is a Tesla employee who is passionate about the company (and who also clearly likes the Cybertruck's design). He is from southern California and he is featured in this video posted on YouTube by Jimmy Chang who checks out the Cyberwheel and its creator. Oh, and make sure to read the full post on EUCGuide.com as it goes into a lot of detail about the project.
Source:EUC Guide
New 2021 Audi RS 3 to get 400bhp+
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A long time ago, on a college campus far, far away, a student stepped into her advisor's office, bursting with enthusiasm.
"I've decided to get a master's degree in library science," she announced.
Fast-forward 25 years. I'm now a librarian at Albert Einstein College of Medicine's large academic medical library, and I spend my days quite differently from how that advisor would ever have imagined.
My profession is in the midst of a radical transformation, but the old myths like the ones my advisor believed in still persist.
So it is time, once again, to take a stab at debunking some of these myths. Not just for the greater good of the library profession, but to enlighten library users (and potential library users) about what librarians really do—and how that can help them.
Special thanks to Max Anderson, Roy Brown, Patricia Gallagher, Darcy Gervasio, Gail Hendler, Leigh Mihlrad, Tom Nielsen, Karen Sorensen and Vedana Vaidhyanathan for sharing their thoughts and ideas. Here are some highlights from the conversation.
REALITY: Maybe. . . . People pursue library careers for a variety of reasons. Reading might be one of them. But teaching, searching and creating easy access to a complex web of information are actually what drive most librarians.
exploring mobile computing and other new technologies.
REALITY: Not so fast. . . . Yes, Google is a powerful search engine, but it does not supply the full text of scholarly publications. PDFs of many of those articles you find through Google are made available by your library's journal subscriptions.
REALITY: Yes, physical books are still important, and librarians can help you find the ones you need, but many library collections (health sciences libraries, in particular) have moved to the electronic world. This means you have access to e-books, e-journals, and other e-resources from just about anywhere in the world, 24/7. The library is everywhere; it never sleeps, and requests for help come round the clock.
REALITY: Librarians help people access information, which can be stored in complex databases, placed on secure servers or buried like diamonds in the rough. Librarians are information detectives. We feed on a good challenge. We also like to share our knowledge by teaching about the most effective tools and techniques for finding information so we can empower our "clients" to become more information savvy.
REALITY: A master's degree in library and/or information science is required to become a librarian. Many of us have second master's degrees or Ph.D.s. Our support staff is dedicated and talented but they are not librarians even though they work in the library. Librarians are lifelong learners, working hard to keep up with the latest developments in our field. Just like other professionals, librarians attend continuing education classes and professional meetings.
REALITY: PubMed is the premier biomedical database. However, when you are trying to do a comprehensive, exhaustive search (e.g., for a systematic review), other resources should be explored. A librarian can suggest appropriate databases and help create search strategies. However, if you'd like to search PubMed from your mobile phone, a librarian can show you how.
I hope this reality check has expanded your view of libraries and librarians. Our ability to blend traditional information resources and cutting-edge technologies empowers students, clinicians and researchers to focus on their mission, improving the quality of healthcare in the 21st century and beyond.
Ms. Glassman is assistant director, The D. Samuel Gottesman Library at Albert Einstein College of Medicine.


This page lists yearly favorites of our reviewers! For our all-time favorite albums, see Ageless Favorites.
Albums that are special recordings. Annual Favorites are always chosen from this list.
A winner of a Zone Music Reporter award.


Stronger household spending helped the economy grow by 0.4pc in the third quarter of 2017, accelerating compared with the previous three-month period.
Families carried on shopping despite the rise in inflation - and since prices are set to slow in the coming months, economists hope that growth could stay solid next year or even pick up into 2018.
That is a very different picture to the gloomy outlook set out by the Office for Budget Responsibility, which slashed its forecasts on Wednesday and blew a hole in the Chancellor's finances.
Household spending rose by 0.6pc in the third quarter, the Office for National Statistics said, the fastest pace in a year.


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Compliance with international humanitarian law in multinational peace operations / Ola Engdahl
Compliance with international humanitarian law in multinational peace operations
Ola Engdahl
Nordic journal of international law, Vol. 78, no. 4, 2009, p. 513-526
The duty to respect international humanitarian law (IHL) in military operations requires effective tools of compliance. Peace operation forces are seldom involved in armed conflict and IHL applies formally only in a minority of operations. The increasingly volatile environments in which peace operation personnel are required to work, and the trend of enforcement capabilities of such forces, will arguably make the question of compliance with IHL all the more important. Multinational peace operations often include a range of actors - such as the UN, another organisation leading the operation, troop contributing nations (TCNs) and the host state. Differences in training and education as well implementation of IHL in different TCNs makes compliance with IHL in multinational operations a challenging task. The use of special units with their culture of secrecy involves other complex questions. On a more general level, it is not clearly established how responsibility under international is divided among the main actors in a multinational peace operation. A number of practical measures are suggested to overcome challenges to an effective compliance of IHL.
Engdahl, Ola
PEACEKEEPING FORCES
MULTINATIONAL ARMED FORCES
RESPECT FOR THE LAW
FORCES DE MAINTIEN DE LA PAIX
FORCES ARMEES MULTINATIONALES
International humanitarian law : celebrating the 60th anniversary of the Geneva Conventions / guest ed.: Rikke Ishoj... [et al.]
345.2/831 See main document


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Tips for the Lay Minister
Helpful tips, techniques and advice to become a better Lay Minister:
Lector, Psalmist and Commentator.
The Worst Wedding Ever
That is in terms of tardiness.
Some people seem to think that going to a Catholic wedding mass is more of a social event than a religious one. I thought today's wedding exemplified that.
When I arrived, the assigned lector was there and so were the mother-butlers. However, there were only a handful of wedding guests and wedding entourage inside the church. You'd think the whole afternoon in the church would be uneventful.
No Bride and No Bridesmaid
After five minutes, a few members in the groom's side have arrived and sat themselves at the farthest back pews. At three minutes before the wedding time, I announced that the wedding was about to start and for the entourage to be ready in the processional.
There was no movement at the back that would indicate a response. Nobody stood up to walk to the middle aisle. Actually, nobody stood up - period.
It was surreal. It was as though nobody spoke at the microphone for a call for action. There was simply no sense of urgency - at all.
The mother-butler approached to tell me the bride wasn't there. It appeared though that none of bride's cohorts (bridesmaids) were there either.
Call for Wedding to Start
A couple of minutes after the assigned wedding time, the bells were rang by the assistant. This signaled to me that the priest, Fr. Raul, was already there at the sacristy and ready to start with the wedding mass.
As usual, I started to give the introduction. The mother-butler waved to me, frantically, saying the bride has not yet arrived.
But what can I do? Fr. Raul is a stickler for time.
I've already been told by him over and over that we follow the call time - meaning, start the wedding strictly on time. And he's always there on or before the time.
So the processional march music started. But nobody was marching. Fr. Raul was waiting at the altar, but other than the few gentlemen already there, nobody was at the entourage for the procession.
Sense of Entitlement in Church
Ten minutes of waiting at the altar and nobody was marching, Fr. Raul feels he has had it.
He slowly exited toward the sacristy and removed his priestly garments. He was going back to his room.
Meanwhile, the mother-butlers were getting nervous. Twenty minutes after the time, a few more members of the entourage were just trickling in.
One guy was bringing his suit in a plastic bag, the bridesmaids were still bringing their gowns. Yes, twenty minutes after the scheduled wedding call time, they were just arriving and going to the church's restrooms to dress up!
Thirty minutes after the time, the bride appears. The bridesmaids meanwhile were still doing their last minute touch-ups or make-ups or whatever - inside the church.
But the priest is nowhere to be found. The mother-butlers have been asking the secretary to call Fr. Raul back for the wedding. I, however, had the feeling Fr. Raul isn't coming back just yet. A stickler for punctuality and coming on time, he was pissed-off - bigtime this time.
(See Part 2 for the continuation of this article)
Labels: late, wedding
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Solar systems and 3 phase??
Thread: Solar systems and 3 phase??
Just had a rep out this morning discussing a solar system for the house.
My main concern is running our 3 phase reverse cycle air con.
I can't see how it would be able to run of a solar system, with a single inverter.
Just trying to work out the viability and return to pay for the system.
Had to laugh when he suggested adding the cost into the home loan.
Obviously solar will have benifits but how long will it take to pay for itself??
Looking at a 3.5 kw system $27,300.
Quartely bill is around $700.
Would we be better of just hooking up on the lower tarriff for the pool and waiting to see the difference??
To be hoest I haven't realy done much homework on the whole solar power subject.
Basically we don't want to be having to cover a huge short fall between savings and loan payments.
Plenty of these advertised on line. Not cheap as I remember.
The inverter doesn't have to run your air con , it will simply support one phase and export the excess back to the grid.
If you are somehow thinking a 3 phase solar inverter will run your air con if the power fails it wont do that either , when the power fails all grid connected systems shut down.
With a 3.5 kw System assuming all your panels are facing North and unshaded will produce 14kwh per day averaged over a year.
A small 2 phase air con will draw around 4kwh , meaning i will consume everything your solar can make every 3 1/2 hours.
I didn't think that the system would run the aircond.I didn't realise the solar system would aslo be down if the grid is.
When the rep stated basically that we could eliminate the electricity bill all together it made me real sceptical.The more questions I asked he shut down and said he didn't know or wasn't aware so he would call a sparky.
I just can't see how you can save if your still on the grid.
and return to grid any unused power.
The other concern I have is the panels combined way around 380kg,Is it engineeringly sound to add that much weight to a roof just designed to hold colourbond sheets??
I had a look at the future wave, seems pretty pricy at $1300 Plus you can't run creapy crawly as the punp is running slower.The same solar mob bought up their low geared pump but can't backwash or use a cleaner as the pressure is low.I believe these are more suited to the comercial market where full circulation is needed 24hrs a day.
Solar power not working during a blackout or any grid failure is one of the first things they should make people aware of , but they never do , they would prefer you to think you have a backup system in such situations.
Grid connected inverters need the grid to operate so will even shut down during power surges etc.
I wouldn't be concerned about the extra weight because it is transferred over a large area and secured to the rafters which are designed to carry a lot more than color bond sheets.
A lot of people are making money not just saving by having grid connected Solar systems , but you first need to look at your usage and see how much it can be reduced before you even think about solar., most people waste more power than solar can produce.


Songz decided to pair up with GREY GOOSE Cherry Noir throughout his "Chapter V" nationwide tour, so the heartthrob treated a few invited guests to his VIP Suite for cocktails before, during and after the show.
Also spotted sipping on a few signature drinks were radio personality/Grey Goose spokesperson Kenny Burns and his lovely wife Jessica, old school R&B crooner Case, Kevin Liles and more.
Attorney Phaedra Parks of The Real Housewives of Atlanta proudly showed off her Georgia Voter sticker today.
In addition to Phaedra, several of your favorite celebrities hit the polls in Georgia today to cast their vote for the next president of the United States. Usher Raymond, his ex-wife Tameka Raymond, Kandi Burruss and Christopher "Ludacris" Bridges.
In addition to the "Georgia Voters" who proudly displayed their stickers, others around the country including Lala Vasquez, Mariah Carey, Kevin Liles, Garbriele Union and more.
Real "housewife" of Atlanta Nene Leakes and her faithful ex-husband Gregg took on Hollywood for the 2012 BET weekend.
The cute couple, who faced a bit of a bump when Gregg's girlfriend spoke out last week, were spotted frolicking all over West Hollywood and decided to hit up Kevin Liles' swanky BET Awards kick-off party, hosted by Grey Goose Cherry Noir.
Clearly we are not at all surprised to see the pair, for we ALLLLL know by now that they never really broke up…. right?
The music mogul hosted his 2nd Annual KWL Management BET Awards soiree poolside at a private Hollywood Hills home last Saturday (June 30, 2012).
Other guests included artists Trey Songz, Estelle, Big Sean, Common, Superbowl champion Dwight Freeney, Timbaland, Chef Roble, Selita Ebanks and more.
G.O.O.D. Music rapper Big Sean closed out his "I Am Finally Famous" tour with CyHi the Prynce and Shawn Chrystopher in Atlanta last week.
The tour, sponsored by Grey Goose's Rising Icons, stopped in over 30 cities across the United States.
Sean was greeted in the ATL with welcome arms as The King of the South aka Clifford "T.I." Harris and his lovely wife Tameka "Tiny" Harris as well as Young Jeezy, DJ Greg Street, Kenny Burns and Kevin Liles all helped him celebrate his final stop on the tour.


London : Printed for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown; 1820.
Leinster (Ireland) > Description and travel.
Dublin, what's to be seen, and how to see it : with excursions to the country and suburbs.
by: Wakeman, William F. 1822-1900.


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There are 343 top-rated custom furniture makers in your area.
Excellent, They did an outstanding job and we couldn���t be happier. If we were not moving to the west coast in the near future I would have readily hired him again to refinish other furniture. What once was 15 year furniture looks brand new.
The most miserable experience I have ever had with a home improvement contractor. Incomplete initial delivery, failure to install water line for the refrigerator, failure to pay for additional costs to complete appliance installation despite promise to do so, sale of a refrigerator that was out of stock. DO NOT DEAL WITH THIS FIRM UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES!!
I didn't go that well. They were going to charge me an extra $150.00 to haul away the trash. I thought that should be part of the job. They charged me $150.00 for that, and it took them 6 months to complete the job. It was just a matter of replacing rotten wood on a bay window. It dragged on and on and on. They kept having excuses after excuses. It took them 6 months to complete- a solid 6 months. They started in November and they finished in May. On the charge of the $150.00, I took care of it myself. It was pretty irritating. I paid a huge amount. It just escalated. I paid over $1000.00. On quality, how can I tell it is supposed to last for years. It has just been up for 3 months. It looks okay now. You can't tell something like that until years afterward. On responsiveness, they were always responsive they just didn't do anything. They always sounded professional; it was easy to get a hold of them. I am being an easy grader. On punctuality, they were out here when they said they were going to be out here. They just always had an excuse on why they couldn't get the job done. It shouldn't take 6 months to get a job done. They were always nice and professional and sounded professional. It took 6 months to get the job done and it was the extra $150.00 that they were going to charge me just for hauling the trash that stuck in my craw.
Mark did a wonderful job tuning my piano and he was very professional. It hadn't been tuned in decades. He knew it needed 4 turnings but gave me to option to not do all 4. It was clear he didn't want to be pushy and make it sound like I only needed the most expensive service he provided. I did get all 4 turnings and it was well worth it. He also taught me a lot about my piano. I would recommended him to anyone.
We know what we wanted (brand/model of washing machine). They gave us a great price (lower than online), and had it delivered and installed in short order. Couldn't be happier.
Bernard did a terrific job.Not only did he do a multi hour tuning and repair job but when we discovered a key that still had a vibration after release he came back within hours and fixed it! Bernard also has a great wealth of knowledge.
I had contacted several upholstery shops in the area with a request for a quote for making two cushions. I had a very simple job and I wanted it done impeccably. UR Fabric responded very promptly with comprehensive estimate that beat all the other companies. I brought my fabric and old cushions to the store, met with one of their reps, and they had me taken care of in no time. My project was quoted to be ready in 3 weeks and was finished perfectly and on time. The cushions look and feel like top-notch quality. I know they will last for years to come.
Their showroom is quite impressive - they literally have thousands of fabric options. If I have another upholstery or furniture job, I will definitely stop here first. Other fabric shops in the greater DC area don't even begin to compare. The customer service reps know their stuff and are very professional and friendly. There was no gimmicky up-selling or BS from them, just straight forward professional service. Their upholstery workshop is well equipped and the guys building the furniture really look like they are quite skilled. When I saw some of the amazing furniture projects they were busy working on, I had no problem waiting three weeks for my cushions.
UR Fabric is one of those rare family-run businesses that truly know their trade and provide fantastic customer service at a very reasonable price. It almost feels like a privilege that I got to be one of their customers. I will be back hopefully several more times with future projects!
This was one of those odd jobs. Upholstery Restoration had done a beautiful job reupholstering my sofa and loveseat last year, so they were the first ones I thought of to create a new canopy for my yard swing that had been damaged in a storm. I called them up to ask if they could do it and they said bring it in. The reality is, it is nothing more than a large, frameless rectangle of fabric with tie downs, but I have neither the talent or sewing machine to make one. They ordered the fabric and I made a deposit. The fabric apparently got lost in the mail and it was not until I contacted them more than two weeks later that this was discovered. However, new fabric was ordered and work was completed in a timely manner. I would wish that the pricing for labor was not as high, but the canopy is beautiful, fits just right and is very well constructed.
If I have a maintenance plan with all of these it doesn't end up costing that much. Their appliances last very well. For a very small difference in price they gave me a new dishwasher. In the same way I got a new refrigerator because they could not fix the old one. It's part of the deal. When they come for repairs and if they cannot fix it, they replace it. If I want a fancier one I pay a little extra. They will tell me how much they will give me towards a new one. I still have my washing machine, my clothes drier, my vacuum cleaner and my dehumidifier. I have a bunch of things from them. I was very pleased with it. They don't always come right away and that can be a problem. When I had trouble with the furnace, they were not going to be able to come for a number of days. The temperature in the house was already in the 50's. I had a sick baby and a sick child and I had to call someone else because I couldn't wait for Sears. That's the only time I ever felt uncomfortable with. They just told that they couldn't send somebody for a number of days. That was the only time I was not happy with Sears. I had someone else come and they fixed it right away. I usually pay every 4 or 5 years and it's probably in the neighborhood of $2,000 for service and all these things I have with them. I also have a microwave, a furnace and a garbage disposal from them. The quality has always been good and they always stay fixed; if they don't, they gives a new one. It's outstanding. The furnace was the only exception when they were not able to send anybody right away. With that one exception I have always had very good experience. Ninety-five percent of the time the responsiveness is excellent.
We contacted Mr. Burkett for a quote and assistance with repairing an antique wicker (rush) rocking chair that needed substantial patching. He was prompt in communicating regarding what would be required and our options to move forward. He advised us clearly and concisely and provided the needed information to move forward with making decisions. Based on Mr. Burkett's advice, we decided not to move forward with the repairs as they would not look as good as we wanted and we appreciated his honesty rather than just taking the job and providing a service we would not end up pleased with in the end.
We will contact him again in the future if we need similar services on other furniture due to his promptness and honesty.


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Nanomagnetism
We investigate electronic and magnetic properties of novel nanoscale systems to understand and improve their performance in (future) application. As main characterization technique we use x-ray absorption spectroscopy.
Research Publications Teaching Contact
Carolin Schmitz-Antoniak is professor at TH Wildau
On July 1st, Carolin Schmitz-Antoniak started as professor for Instrumental Analytics and Applied Surface Physics at TH Wildau - University of Applied Science. More details will follow soon...
Our work featured in Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics
Hyperthermia cancer treatment is a novel application of magnetic nanoparticles which are used to locally heat tumour cells. The heat is used to destroy tumour cells directly making use of the so-called programmed cell death or to support conventional therapies like radiation therapy by suppressing their cell repair mechanism. The search for suitable materials is still an important interdisciplinary issue. In our work a new combination of cobalt ferrite (CFO) and palladium nanoparticles show improved heat generation ability that even outperform commercially available nanoparticles. This piece of application-driven basic research gives an important insight into utilization of tailored nanohybrids and was featured on the inside back cover of the journal Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics.
First XMCD measurements of diamagnetic states
Soft x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) is typically used to study ferro- or paramagnetic materials, but not diamagnetism. In our work, published in the Nature Communications Chemistry, we overcame this limitation and used XMCD fine structures to distinguish diamagnetic states in molecular magnets in conjunction with theoretical calculations. This work opens the field of XMCD to detailed investigations of magnetism and related electronic states of diamagnetic materials like e.g. the surface of superconductors or topological insulators.
Shutdown of BESSY II
Bad news: Because of the coronavirus pandemia, the BESSY II synchrotron radiation source of the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin was converted to minimum operation on March 20th, 2020. User operation stopped completely.
New UHV system for nanoparticle synthesis
Gas-phase condensation can now be used in our group to synthesise metallic and oxidic nanoparticles with narrow size distribution. The system is UHV compatible and offers the possibility to prepare core-shell nanoparticles by in-flight coating of the initially formed particles. The systems was purchased from Mantis Deposition Ltd., a first test run was performed successfully.
Our work on the front cover of Annalen der Physik
What are the mutual influences of electronic properties, crystallographic structures and magnetism? Moreover, how do they affect phase transitions? To shed light on these subjects, we investigated surface modified magnetite nanoparticles using element-specific synchrotron radiation spectroscopy. Our work has been featured on the front cover of "Annalen der Physik" a journal renowned in the field of physics for more than 225 years.
→ Press release PGI-6
→ Article (open access)
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Prof. Dr. Carolin Schmitz-Antoniak