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Vol 4 (September 2020) /
A single system of retail sale is not working
Michael Chaiton1,2, Anasua Kundu1
1Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; 2Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
Correspondence to: Michael Chaiton. Ontario Tobacco Research Unit, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 155 College St., Toronto, Ontario, M5T 3M7, Canada. Email: michael.chaiton@camh.ca.
Provenance and Peer Review: This article was commissioned by the editorial office, Journal of Public Health and Emergency. The article did not undergo external peer review.
Comment on: Henriksen L, Schleicher NC, Johnson TO, et al. Assurances of voluntary compliance: A regulatory mechanism to reduce youth access to e-cigarettes and limit retail tobacco marketing. Am J Public Health 2020;110:209-15.
Received: 30 April 2020; Accepted: 21 May 2020; Published: 25 September 2020.
doi: 10.21037/jphe-2020-06
In the US, e-cigarettes are the most commonly used tobacco product among teenagers and between 2017 and 2018, youth current e-cigarette use was increased by 78% and 48% respectively among high school and middle school students (1). A recent review of evidence by the National Academics of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine (NASEM) identified that e-cigarette use results in dependence on e-cigarettes, increases risk of subsequent cigarette smoking initiation as well as increased frequency and intensity of smoking among youth and young adults (2). In addition to producing several toxic chemicals in aerosol (formaldehyde, acrolein), e-cigarettes often contain nicotine which is a highly addictive substance (2). Children and youths can develop nicotine dependence with lower level of exposure than adults which may affect their brain development, memory, and concentration (3,4). Irrespective of the possible benefits of e-cigarettes for helping adult smokers to quit, there is consensus that youth should not be buying or using these products.
In order to investigate the youth access to e-cigarettes and extent of retail tobacco marketing, Lisa Henriksen and her team conducted a study in the convenience stores of California (5). In California, some stores have signed an Assurance of Voluntary Compliances (AVCs) which are legally binding agreements between state attorneys general and retail chains. The authors have divided the sample into two groups: corporate-owned stores (signed AVCs) and franchise-owned stores (did not sign AVCs). They then used underage decoys and professional auditors to measure and compare retail violation rates (RVRs) of requesting IDs, selling e-cigarette illegally and advertisement of tobacco and vaping products between these 2 groups. The results of the study revealed that violation of ID requests, age-of-sale signage regulations and selling e-cigarettes illegally to underage decoys were higher among corporate-owned stores than franchise stores. In contrast, violations of interior content-limited advertising regulations for tobacco products were more common in corporate stores. However, it is noteworthy that a huge percentage, 53.1% and 76.7% of convenience stores respectively violated the age-of-sale signage and content-limited advertising regulations, irrespective of their AVC category. Furthermore, 16.8% of stores were located near at least one K-12 school and significant proportion of these stores violated both exterior advertising regulations and sales prohibition to underage clients. The authors suggested that AVCs could reduce youth access to e-cigarettes and further suggested to expand AVCs to other types of retail stores like supermarkets, pharmacies, gas stations, dollar stores and smoke or vape stores. They have also recommended that greater investments in merchant education and routine enforcement are needed to limit retail tobacco and e-cigarette marketing, which is a risk factor for tobacco initiation among adolescents and youths (5).
Henriksen and colleagues' paper provides an important contribution to the existing literature regarding reducing youth access to e-cigarettes and exposure to tobacco marketing. However, voluntary compliance mechanisms do not offer sufficient protection for youth. At the same time, the current system of retailing does not allow the safe provision of appropriate products to those who might use e-cigarettes to quit. We will argue that establishing a two-tier system for selling e-cigarette, restricting availability of e-cigarettes to specific stores (i.e., specialty vape shops or pharmacies) and regulating the product characteristics available in general would be much effective ways than expanding and strengthening compliance with AVCs.
The evidence on availability
There are many ways to restrict youth availability of vaping products to youth. These include age restrictions, limitations of the types of stores where these products can be sold, limitations on the number and locations where these products can be sold, limitations on the types of products allowed to be sold, and limitations on how cheaply they can be sold.
The primary method of restricting use of e-cigarettes among youth has been to enact minimum age regulations that prevent the sale of e-cigarette to people under a certain age. While most youth obtain their e-cigarettes from social sources like friends, older peers, family members and others who can purchase these products, minimum age laws also restrict access from older friends and prevent or delay tobacco use initiation (6,7). The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) adopted the Tobacco 21 (T21) legislation in 2019 that raised the minimum age of selling tobacco products including e-cigarettes, e-liquids and e-cigarette devices from 18 to 21 years (8). The law requires checking photo ID for age verification of everyone who seems under age 27 before selling tobacco products and showing age-of-sale signage at point-of-sale. Evaluation of the T21 law in California, where it has been adopted since 2016, found reduction in illegal tobacco sales to youth under age 18 (9). However, enacting a law without sufficient enforcement has little impact on lowering youth e-cigarette use. In this respect, key regulatory measures proven to be helpful in enforcing tobacco legislation are mandatory annual retailer licensing fees, regular compliance check inspections and fines of significant amount or penalties for violations, which are also applicable in case of e-cigarette sales (10). Any licensing fee should provide sustainable funding for compliance check inspections and there should be provision of fines of increasing amount in successive violations as well as the ability to suspend or withdraw the license. However, as the sale of vaping products is essentially ubiquitous—available at nearly every street corner—if only a small percentage of stores that sell to youth do so, youth can still easily obtain e-cigarettes. To be effective, retail compliance should approach 100% to reduce accessibility of e-cigarettes.
Therefore, truly restricting youth access to e-cigarettes requires restriction on sales of vaping products beyond age restrictions. Another method of limiting access is to restrict the types of stores that can sell e-cigarette products. Currently, in addition to social sources, students also obtain e-cigarettes from commercial sources specially vape shops, specialty tobacco stores, convenience stores, gas stations, liquor stores, or online (7,11). Removing tobacco products from pharmacies has found to be successful in reducing household and population level cigarette purchasing, decreasing tobacco retailer density and 'Tobacco free pharmacy' laws which also encompass e-cigarettes have already been adopted in the United Kingdom, Australia, and all provinces of Canada except British Columbia (12,13). As well, vaping products in the US are prohibited to be sold in a vending machine unless in an adult-only facility (14). However, unlike over-the-counter sales, selling products in vending machines and self-service displays make enforcing underage tobacco products sales legislation difficult and promotes shoplifting among students (15). Online retailers also allow adolescents to purchase their own vaping device, as online retailers often have little or no age verification, making it easier to acquire (11).
However, restrictions on sales in pharmacy, vending machines, and online sales will only address the margins of e-cigarette retail availability. Consistent with Henriksen et al. (5), e-cigarette retailer density and advertisement volume around schools have been found positively associated with past-month use of e-cigarettes among high school students (16). Strong zoning regulations, for example, limiting the number of retailers based on population density; not permitting any new license in already saturated neighborhoods; maintaining at least 500 feet distance between the stores particularly in the susceptible neighborhoods; permitting new retailers only in the light industrial areas are few plausible policy options for reducing retail availability and density in general. In addition, advertising and retailing vaping products should be prohibited in the residential areas and within 1,000 m of schools and places frequently visited by children and adolescents (day care centers, playgrounds, parks, libraries) (17). Henriksen et al. also highlighted that ownership and corporate structure of the retail location matters just as much as the type of store.
Limiting the number of stores that sell e-cigarettes also limits the potential for youth to be exposed to advertising. A Cochrane review concluded that exposure to tobacco advertising and promotion increases the likelihood of smoking initiation among adolescents (18). Restrictions on interior and exterior advertising; limiting product displays; storing products behind the counter; prohibiting self-service displays; and regulation on interior-content limited packaging which includes avoidance of presenting false impression like health claim, displaying health warnings and quitline information have been implemented or proposed widely (17). But the Henriksen study shows that voluntary agreements to limit advertising are routinely ignored. Moreover, even in countries that limit advertising and display of product more severely, the presence of vaping products in stores is itself an act of promotion, and an indication to youth that these products are accessible, safe, and desirable.
Another way to restrict availability is to restrict the types of products available. For instance, flavor is a primary reason for using e-cigarettes by students. The National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS) in the US found that 72.2% and 59.2% of high school and middle school e-cigarette users respectively used flavored e-cigarettes, with fruit, menthol or mint, candy, desserts or sweets being the most commonly reported flavors (19). Similarly, products can vary in their level of addictiveness. NYTS revealed that more than half of the students used JUUL as their usual e-cigarette brand (19). JUUL is one of the newest generation vaping products which use nicotine salt formulation in a pod based delivery system and is particularly popular among adolescents due to its shape like USB flash drive, making it easy to used discreetly (stealth vape) and delivering high nicotine blood concentration.
Finally, access to vaping products can be limited through higher prices and evidence suggests that youth customers are particularly price sensitive (20). A 10% increase in the price of e-cigarettes has been estimated to reduce sales of disposable e-cigarettes and reusable e-cigarettes by about 12% and 19% respectively (21). In this respect, raising e-cigarette price through taxation; limiting rebates and discounts; prohibiting delivery of coupons and free samples could potentially reduce youth prevalence of vaping. In addition, tiered tax approaches based on presence or absence and concentration of nicotine can reduce nicotine exposure among adolescents and young adults.
The tension at the heart of vaping regulations
In order to prevent the epidemic of youth e-cigarette use, we must limit how cheaply products can be sold, limit the addictiveness and appeal of legal products, limit where the products can be sold and by whom, and limit who can purchase these products. On the other hand, to encourage adults switching from tobacco to vaping products or to quit using these products we must make these products easily available, cheap, appealing, and with high levels of addictiveness. Each restriction placed to prevent youth use has the effect of also restricting the ability of these products to help adults who smoke.
We know that these products are readily substitutable. For instance, a study on the effects of a minimum age sales laws on vaping products found that pregnant teenagers facing limited availability of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation, increased their use of cigarettes by 0.6 percentage points (22). Yet, we also know that the balance of regulation has (I) not been successful at preventing youth vaping and (II) not been very successful at encouraging adult smokers to quit. We need to be able to shift the balance of regulation making e-cigarettes less accessible to youth but at the same time more accessible to smoking adults.
Henriksen's paper demonstrates that any retail operation that sells the more appealing products must also have limited incentives to sell these products to youth. Franchise stores that collect and profit from illegal sales more directly to the individual making the choice to sell them than corporate stores. Similarly, license restrictions are more meaningful to specialty stores whose entire business might be put at risk by selling to youth compared to stores where nicotine products are only one additional revenue source.
One way to resolve this contradiction is to develop a two-tiered system of availability to protect youths from the harmful effects of e-cigarettes and at the same time, would provide a harm reduction aid to adults who seek e-cigarettes as means of smoking cessation. Currently, there is already a framework for this two-tiered system in Canada as 'recreational' e-cigarettes without a health claim are regulated by 'Tobacco and Vaping Products Act' and 'therapeutic' e-cigarettes containing nicotine and making a health claim are regulated by 'Food and Drugs Act'. 'Therapeutic' e-cigarette face more stringent regulations in order to meet certain criteria of safety, efficacy and quality (23). But to date, this system has not been used effectively. There are currently no therapeutic vaping devices on the market, and yet widespread availability of high nicotine products with appealing flavors at prices lower than for cigarettes is present (24).
To overcome these issues, regulators must allow greater availability of therapeutic products through allowing more use of flavors, higher nicotine content and lower prices, at the same time as dramatically restricting the use of flavors, and nicotine delivery for recreational products. Therapeutic products need to be more appealing and allowed a greater latitude for addiction potential in order to reach the market of current adult smokers that is currently not using vaping products with any regularity (25).
On the other hand, therapeutic products should be available in locations that can provide services to the adult users who must transition from cigarette or other tobacco products. The learning curve for adult smokers to transition to vaping products may be greater than that of youth who have not necessarily developed tobacco dependence. Both pharmacies and specialty vaping stores can provide this kind of training in learning how to vape that may be needed to transition the adult smokers. Additionally, many pharmacies also have experience in providing smoking cessation and have long served the population through safe distribution of drugs with abuse potential. While the sale of recreational nicotine products is inappropriate in a pharmacy setting, as evidenced by the number of major pharmacies that have voluntarily stopped the sale of these products (12), they could also be a model for the development of an appropriate system of sale and a guide to the number of outlets needed to properly supply the market.
The current network of nicotine retail availability relies upon ubiquitous small retailers: convenience stores, gas stations and grocery stores that oversupply recreational nicotine products primarily to youth and young adults. A new system of availability is needed to do a better job in preventing youth from vaping and helping adults to quit smoking.
Funding: None.
Conflicts of Interest: Both authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/jphe-2020-06). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
Ethical Statement: The authors are accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.
Open Access Statement: This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which permits the non-commercial replication and distribution of the article with the strict proviso that no changes or edits are made and the original work is properly cited (including links to both the formal publication through the relevant DOI and the license). See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.
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National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2018.
National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (US) Office on Smoking and Health. Preventing tobacco use among youth and young Adults: A report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US); 2012.
Smith RF, Mcdonald CG, Bergstrom HC, et al. Adolescent nicotine induces persisting changes in development of neural connectivity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015;55:432-43. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Henriksen L, Schleicher NC, Johnson TO, et al. Assurances of voluntary compliance: A regulatory mechanism to reduce youth access to e-cigarettes and limit retail tobacco marketing. Am J Public Health 2020;110:209-15. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Government of Canada. Summary of results for the Canadian Student Tobacco, Alcohol and Drugs Survey 2018-19. [cited 2020 Apr 15]. Available online: https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/canadian-student-tobacco-alcohol-drugs-survey/2018-2019-summary.html
Tanski S, Emond Phd J, Phd CS, et al. Youth access to tobacco products in the United States: Findings from wave 1 (2013-2014) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study. Nicotine Tob Res 2019 [cited 2020 Apr 21];1695–9. Available from: http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icp-
US Food and Drug Administration. Tobacco 21. FDA; 2020 [cited 2020 Apr 12]. Available online: https://www.fda.gov/tobacco-products/retail-sales-tobacco-products/tobacco-21
Zhang X, Vuong TD, Andersen-Rodgers E, et al. Evaluation of California's Tobacco 21' law. Tob Control 2018;27:656-62. [Crossref] [PubMed]
DiFranza JR. Which interventions against the sale of tobacco to minors can be expected to reduce smoking? Tob Control 2012;21:436-42. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Pepper JK, Coats EM, Nonnemaker JM, et al. How Do Adolescents Get Their E-Cigarettes and Other Electronic Vaping Devices? Am J Health Promot 2019;33:420-9. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Polinski JM, Howell B, Gagnon MA, et al. Impact of CVS pharmacy's discontinuance of tobacco sales on cigarette purchasing (2012-2014). Am J Public Health 2017;107:556-62. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Jin Y, Lu B, Klein EG, et al. Tobacco-free pharmacy laws and trends in tobacco retailer density in California and Massachusetts. Am J Public Health 2016;106:679-85. [Crossref] [PubMed]
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Cite this article as: Chaiton M, Kundu A. A single system of retail sale is not working. J Public Health Emerg 2020;4:26.
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Vast azure skies, spectacular scenic beauty and diverse wildlife combine to make Namibia a heart stopping destination. Take in sunrise over the highest sand dunes in the world, marvel at ancient rock paintings and explore the shimmering silverywhite Etosha pan with its prolific wildlife. Although one of the most sparsely populated countries in Africa, Namibia is home to a tiny but diverse population. Much of land is therefore pristine wilderness, and tourism has been carefully developed with a strong focus on community led eco-tourism. From the eerily beautiful Skeleton Coast, through the rugged mountains and dramatic rock formations of Damaraland and across the seemingly never-ending desert, Namibia is guaranteed to take your breath away.


Have a fussy baby? Researchers believe they have the solution: a simple lullaby specifically designed to make babies happy. Though it's a simple tune, the process behind "The Happy Song" was actually quite complicated, per Time.
The song is the result of plenty of research into infant musical tastes, which revealed infants would likely respond best to an upbeat song in a major key that was simple and repetitive, but also used various musical devices for an element of surprise, child development expert Caspar Addyman writes at the Conversation.
Once a list of requirements was agreed upon, Addyman and musical psychologist Lauren Stewart enlisted Grammy winner Imogen Heap, who has an 18-month-old daughter, to create four test melodies.
Two were slow and two were fast. When played for parents and their babies, the majority favored one upbeat tune in particular. Heap then included favorite sounds voted on by parents, including "boo," animal noises, and laughter, along with her own high-energy voice and plosive sounds with pop, like "pa" and "ba," which babies seem to prefer, according to a YouTube video.
When 20 infants heard the final version of "The Happy Song," they were "entranced," Addyman writes. This "wasn't the most scientific as tests go," but "I can definitely, confidently say from a scientific point of view something's happened here." Researchers next plan to look at physiological responses to the song, which came in at 163 beats per minute.


For Quilt County 2017 The Arts Center presents a larger than life theme on the log-cabin pattern.
For this exhibit, fiber artist Clay Lohmann creates a 3-dimensional cabin, constructed from panels in the historical log-cabin pattern. Each logcabin square measures about 36". Lohman uses basic patterned cotton (as in older traditional quilting methods). Visitors to the exhibit will be able to enter the cabin. A video connects visitors to the pioneer character of the houses homesteaders built.
Lohmann invited artists Julie Green, Anna Fidler and Kerry Skarbakka to create the surroundings of the log cabin.
At 8 a.m. each morning for past fifteen years, Julie Green documents the garden view.The first dozen years were video, and now it is sumi ink on paper. She divides the paper up in rectangles representing the day of the month. Each day she paints 1 rectangle. The result is as pieced quilts are: one object that is built up out of smaller elements. Because she paints only one part of the image each day, there are small differences.
Anna Fidler is debuting a monumentally scaled work on paper inspired by the Triadic Ballet of 1922. The work consists of silhouetted autumnal trees and witchcraft as a theatrical backdrop to Lohmann's cabin. Fidler worked with high school students at her studio to help make the piece.
Kerry Skarbakka interprets the human element, creating a representation of an resident of a rural, forested home.
Anna is an Instructor and Julie and Kerry are both Professors in Oregon State University's, School of Arts & Communication.
The Garden at 8 a.m. 2002-2017 (ongoing) by Julie Green.


Reserve a spot here to have your name entered in to the lottery for a chance to win a spot at the dinner table with Joanne Kwong CC'97 and Jessica Chi CC'15.
The lottery will be open from November 14–November 25 and winners will be notified shortly thereafter by email and given 24 hours to confirm their spot. Good luck!
Joanne Kwong CC'97 graduated from Columbia College with a B.A. in Political Science and Psychology. She is President of Pearl River Mart, the iconic NYC retail store specializing in Asian goods. Prior to joining Pearl River, Joanne was a civil litigator, federal judicial clerk and adjunct associate professor at Fordham Law School. For ten years, she served as Counsel to the President and Vice President for Communications at Barnard College, where she led communications and advocacy efforts during a time of unprecedented growth and success for the all-women's college.
Jessica Chi CC'15 graduated from Columbia College with a B.A. in Sociology and English. While on campus, she served as President of the Panhellenic Council and Community Adviser of East Campus and was also involved with several student theatre productions, including The Varsity Show. She now works as a Marketing Manager at L'Oreal USA, where she develops new skincare products for the brand Garnier.


Scofield, Gerard, Pohorelsky, Gallaugher & Landry in Lake Charles, Louisiana has provided comprehensive and highly regarded legal representation to businesses and individuals throughout Southwest Louisiana for well over a century.
Our team of experienced trial lawyers and qualified support staff works with clients across a broad spectrum of practice areas.
We are proud of the relationships that we have established with other law firms in Louisiana and nationwide. We receive a number of cases through referrals from other attorneys and frequently serve as local counsel for out-of-state firms.
In addition, we help individuals and business clients with estate planning and probate matters, securities litigation, appellate law.
We are proud of our reputation as a group of knowledgeable attorneys who provide creative solutions in a client-friendly environment. We are committed to keeping our clients informed at every step in order to eliminate surprises.
We welcome the opportunity to answer your questions, review your situation, and provide a straightforward assessment of what you might expect as an outcome. Call 337-433-9436, or email us to schedule an appointment.


On May 11-12, "The Drowsy Chaperone" premiered Friday and Saturday night at 7:00 p.m. and Saturday afternoon at 2:00 p.m.
Godwin High School canceled and postponed the planned show and all after school activities on Thursday afternoon due to weather complications.
"The cast was understandably disappointed. However, understanding the flexibility is an essential quality for anyone involved in the performing arts," said Godwin Director Todd Coolidge.
In theatre, it isn't always about the numbers. Most important to a performer is the "responsiveness" of the audience.
Coolidge has completed his second year of directing at Godwin High School and has produced five shows in total.
"I have the great fortune to work with incredibly talented students, creative teachers, like Mr. Clatterbuck, and dedicated group of parents," Coolidge said.
Godwin Junior, Liam Riley, played the part of Feldzieg, the producer of Feldzieg Follies, who will do anything to stop the wedding in order to keep Janet de Graff in the Follies.
"I was partially sick during the last two performances, however, my wonderful cast gave me a tremendous amount of support to help me perform my best, and for that, I am so thankful," said Riley.
The actors and production team left the production feeling like they had created something truly special.
"I unabashedly believe that we have raised the bar for Godwin Theatre Musicals," said Coolidge.


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NEW VIDEO - Maestro Fresh Wes "I Know Your Mom" (Toronto, ON)
Toronto legend Maestro Fresh Wes dropped his newest track off of his latest album, "Compositions Vol. 1" called "I Know Your Mom". Watch the video below.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Q: Angular 14 - Uncaught (in promise): NullInjectorError: R3InjectorError(Standalone[z])[s -> s -> s]: I tried to update my project from angular 13 to angular 14, when I serve this app there is no error occures in CLI and the route work for only default path but when I try to navigate to another page it causes this error,
Also there is no NgModule present, I deleted all the modules from my project after making standlone component.
ERROR Error: Uncaught (in promise): NullInjectorError: R3InjectorError(Standalone[u])[s -> s -> s]:
  NullInjectorError: No provider for s!
NullInjectorError: R3InjectorError(Standalone[u])[s -> s -> s]:
  NullInjectorError: No provider for s!
    at Vf.get (core.mjs:9131:27)
    at Bf.get (core.mjs:9298:33)
    at Bf.get (core.mjs:9298:33)
    at Bf.get (core.mjs:9298:33)
    at J0.get (core.mjs:22219:36)
    at Io (core.mjs:3378:39)
    at Cs (core.mjs:3423:12)
    at Object.Fi (core.mjs:10447:12)
    at e.ɵfac [as factory] (info.component.ts:18:27)
    at er (core.mjs:3608:44)
    at Me (zone.js:1211:31)
    at Me (zone.js:1165:17)
    at zone.js:1278:17
    at F.invokeTask (zone.js:406:31)
    at Object.onInvokeTask (core.mjs:26490:33)
    at F.invokeTask (zone.js:405:60)
    at pe.runTask (zone.js:178:47)
    at D (zone.js:585:35)
Mv @ core.mjs:6751
handleError @ core.mjs:6798
next @ core.mjs:27035
next @ Subscriber.js:91
_next @ Subscriber.js:60
next @ Subscriber.js:31
(anonymous) @ Subject.js:34
ne @ errorContext.js:19
next @ Subject.js:27
emit @ core.mjs:23126
(anonymous) @ core.mjs:26529
invoke @ zone.js:372
run @ zone.js:134
runOutsideAngular @ core.mjs:26402
onHandleError @ core.mjs:26529
handleError @ zone.js:376
runGuarded @ zone.js:147
l.microtaskDrainDone @ zone.js:1072
D @ zone.js:592
Promise.then (async)
Ne @ zone.js:561
X @ zone.js:572
scheduleTask @ zone.js:396
onScheduleTask @ zone.js:283
scheduleTask @ zone.js:386
scheduleTask @ zone.js:221
scheduleMicroTask @ zone.js:241
Be @ zone.js:1265
Me @ zone.js:1202
(anonymous) @ zone.js:1118
n @ jsonp chunk loading:77
(anonymous) @ src_app_info_info_component_ts.js:1
index.js:551

I'm wonder because then how it serve the default path but not any other path.
Here is my app.routing-module.ts file seems like :
import { Routes } from '@angular/router';

export const routes: Routes = [
  {
    path: 'home',
    loadComponent: () => import('./home//home.component').then((m) => m.HomeComponent),
    title: 'Sefat Anam - Home Page'
  },
  {
    path: 'portfolio',
    loadComponent: () => import('./info/info.component').then((m) => m.InfoComponent),
    title: 'Sefat Anam - Portfolio Page'
  },
  {
    path: 'art',
    loadComponent: () => import('./art/art.component').then((m) => m.ArtComponent),
    title: 'Sefat Anam -  Art Page'
  },
  {
    path: '',
    redirectTo: 'home',
    pathMatch: 'full'
  }
];

Here the the component which occure error & also other component are same as it,

@Component({
  selector: 'app-info',
  templateUrl: './info.component.html',
  styleUrls: ['./info.component.scss'],
  standalone: true,
  providers: [CommonModule,HttpClientModule]
})
export class InfoComponent implements OnInit {
  technologies!: Observable<Technology[]>;
  employmentHistories!: Observable<EmploymentHistory[]>;
  educations!: Observable<Education[]>;

  constructor(private httpClient: HttpClient) { }
  ngOnInit(): void {
this.technologies = this.httpClient.get<Technology[]>(environment.api_url + 'technologies.json');
    this.educations = this.httpClient.get<Education[]>(environment.api_url + 'educations.json');
    this.employmentHistories = this.httpClient.get<EmploymentHistory[]>(
      environment.api_url + 'employmentHistory.json'
    );
}

and the main.ts file is like this,
if (environment.production) {
  enableProdMode();
}
bootstrapApplication(AppComponent, {
  providers: [
    importProvidersFrom(RouterModule.forRoot(routes)),
  ]
}).catch(err => console.log(err))

What would be the issue or did I miss something ?

A: You should add CommonModule and HttpClientModule inside imports array not providers.
Try this:
@Component({
  selector: 'app-info',
  templateUrl: './info.component.html',
  styleUrls: ['./info.component.scss'],
  standalone: true,
  imports: [CommonModule,HttpClientModule]
})
export class InfoComponent implements OnInit {
  technologies!: Observable<Technology[]>;
  employmentHistories!: Observable<EmploymentHistory[]>;
  educations!: Observable<Education[]>;

  constructor(private httpClient: HttpClient) { }
  ngOnInit(): void {
    this.technologies = this.httpClient.get<Technology[]>(environment.api_url + 'technologies.json');
    this.educations = this.httpClient.get<Education[]>(environment.api_url + 'educations.json');
    this.employmentHistories = this.httpClient.get<EmploymentHistory[]>(
      environment.api_url + 'employmentHistory.json'
    );
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: javascript show progress bar while lengthy javascript calculations are in progress? I am coding a javascript based network application and in which i have to create array of 1000 rec which generate random numbers between 0 and 1 as
for (var i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
rec[i] = Math.random();
}

it takes some seconds to generate all random numbers and show it on a div so i just want to ask to how to show progress bar while it generating values?

A: Are you doing something daft like writing or appending values to the DOM within the loop - thus forcing the browser to try and redraw the screen each iteration...
example 1: fiddle - 4000ms+ (for me)
for (var i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
    rec[i] = Math.random();
    document.getElementById('out').innerHTML += ('
'+rec[i]);
}

example 2: fiddle - 10ms (or thereabout)
for (var i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
    rec[i] = Math.random();
}
document.getElementById('out').innerHTML = rec.join('
');

It should not take seconds to generate a 1000 random numbers.  In comparison I'm typing this on an 8 year old laptop with a crappy Centrino processor and a simple test produces somewhere in the region of 420,000 random numbers within a second.


Yes! Site daptiv.nl now online.
daptiv.nlLocation United States, it is ranked #189 in the world, a low rank means that this website gets lots of visitors. This site is worth $141000 USD and advertising revenue is $3900 USD per day. The average pages load time is 48.3 seconds, it is very fast. This site has a perfect Pagerank(1/10), it has 17 visitors and 66 pageviews per day. Currently, this site needs more than 8 TB bandwidth per day, this month will needs more than 168 TB bandwidth. This site is listed in DMOZ, Yahoo Directory. Its seo score is 50%. IP address is 209.159.152.37, and its server is hosted at United States.
Currently, we found 17 categories on daptiv.nl.
daptiv.nl safety reviews. This information from Google, McAfee, AVG, WOT, etc.
daptiv.nl is ranked #307 in the world, a low rank means that this website gets lots of visitors. Its primary traffic from United States and is ranked #145 in United States. It has 17 subdomains with traffic. It has 17 visitors per day, and has 66 pageviews per day.
Daily Visitors by Country for daptiv.nl, total 31 countries and 655,578 visitors per day.
We found total 43 domain names like daptiv.nl. Their owners may be the same company or not.
daptiv.nl is listed in DMOZ.
daptiv.nl is listed in Yahoo Directory.
This site had 96 external links. The highest value is 202000, the lowest value is 1910, the average is 700.
This site had 2 internal links. The highest value is 20000, the lowest value is 2360, the average is 700.
Google had Indexed this site 59000 pages. The highest value is 202000, the lowest value is 1910, the average is 7600.
Yahoo had Indexed this site 99000 pages. The highest value is 20000, the lowest value is 2360, the average is 64.
Bing had Indexed this site 26000 pages. The highest value is 32000, the lowest value is 2510, the average is 2340.


As your business grows, eventually you will need to outsourcing your technology management. There aren't enough hours in the day to do all the things you need to do and also maintain and support computers.
Ideally what you really want is a tech partner. Someone who will watch your back, technologically speaking. You'll need someone that can help you navigate the minefield of new technology. Let's face it, you don't want to spend a fortune on some tech tool that ends up being a total failure. In short, you need someone you can trust.
But how do you gauge the knowledge and experience of an IT provider? More importantly, is that experience relevant to your business? Fortunately there are a few easy ways to find out.
The single most important thing to look for in your initial meeting with a potential IT partner is who asks the most questions. They should spend plenty of time asking you questions. They should ask about your operations, challenges, problems, goals, strategic direction. A good IT partner needs to know all this information. Obviously you should ask them questions too but they need to be more curious about you.
If anybody comes in and immediately starts pushing a specific product, kick him out. You're not looking for some company's outside sales rep, you're looking for a tech management partner. Don't waste your time with someone that starts selling before understanding your problems.
Good IT techs document everything. Ask them to give you sample technical documents. The reason you want everything documented is so you aren't held hostage by your tech. You need to be given user names, passwords, login addresses and every other piece of information you need to run your computer systems. Now, if you're ever unhappy with the service you receive, you can replace the tech with someone else and they have an informative document to get them started.
You don't want to get stuck with an IT troll. You want a professional that can communicate effectively. You don't need to get stuck with Quasimodo ringing your IT bells. You need someone with enough personality to be well regarded by your employees, vendors and partners. You also don't want someone that will be slovenly, crude or socially repulsive. You need someone to help you achieve your goals.
Aside from having working cell phones, fax machines, email addresses and all that stuff, you need someone that has the professional network that can help you succeed. Your tech management partner should be a valuable resource for you in multiple ways. From industry partners to personal contacts, you need someone that can help you succeed.
How long have they been consulting? What's their background? Unlike lawyers and accountants, there is no government authority that regulates technology consultants. That's why experience really matters. Are you doing business with a reputable, established firm or with some fly-by-night outfit?
This one is certain to get me kicked out of the Computer Geek Club, but...not every problem needs a technical solution. I can't tell you how many times we've encountered a challenge that was easily resolved with a simple change in process. Sometimes it's as simple as asking the line worker facing the problem to find a solution. You'd be amazed at some of the creative solutions we've implemented using nothing more than common sense and communication. Not every problem requires buckets of money to fix.
Ultimately, it all comes down to trust. Is this someone you can trust to manage your technology for you? Is this someone with a reputation for success? Do they have the experience to get results?
I hope this helps you find the right technology management partner. Business technology experts can be tough to find, especially those that fit these criteria. But would you really trust your business to anything less?
You demand the best from yourself and from those around you. So why are you settling for less than the best when it comes to your IT?


At 1 p.m. local time, a Boeing 737-200 crashed shortly after taking off from Jose Marti International Airport, the main international airport serving Havana, Cuba. Despite mixed information and unconfirmed accounts of the aircraft involved in the incident, AirlineGeeks can accurately state that the Boeing 737-200 aircraft was operated by the Mexican aircraft, crew, maintenance and insurance (ACMI) provider Global Air on behalf of Cubana de Aviacion, Cuba's national carrier.
Preliminary reports indicated that only 3 survivors were rescued from the post-takeoff incident, that are in critical condition. The total amount of passengers onboard the aircraft was 104. Information regarding the passenger manifest has not yet been released to the public.
The aircraft involved has been confirmed as a 38-year-old 737-201ADV and was flown by Mexican crew as a part of a wet-lease agreement with Cubana. Although the flight was sold under a Cubana flight number, it was operated as DJM0972, the IATA callsign for Global Air. Recently, the Cuban flag carrier grounded its An-158 fleet due to maintenance issues and several of the domestic flights were operated by flights under these agreements.
Cuban aviation authorities and employees of Global Air confirmed that aircraft registration is XA-UHZ, belonging to the Mexican airline, after early moments of confusion indicating different aircraft and operators. Due to Cuba's restrictions on information flowing to and from the island nation, any updates regarding the incident will be slow to arrive.
During the late hours on Friday, the Mexican Aviation Authority issued a statement clarifying the aircraft involved, the names of the crew members and that all aircraft belonging to Global Air's fleet are in compliance of the maintenance revisions and audits, as the last one was performed in November 2017.
The Mexican Board of Accidents Investigations is sending a team to gather information and to assist local experts with the evidence collection.


Why just sleep in a hotel when you could be using that time to travel across Japan in a comfortable sleeper train? Japan Rail Pass holders can take a ride in these unique sleeper cars by paying only a small extra fee.
Tour buses don't have to be a rigid shuffle from A to B with the Hop-On-Hop-Off bus. Buy a day pass in cities like Tokyo or Kyoto and get on or off as many times as you like with the freedom to see more of the sights you want.
Long distance express buses that run between major cities and tourist destinations offer great value and comfort. While it may take a bit longer to reach your destination, overnight bus service means you can also save on accommodations!
Worried about how you're going to carry your bulky luggage to your next destination? For a small fee you can skip the exhaustion and just use Japan's overnight delivery network to ship your luggage. Most hotels can arrange the shipment for you.
Skip the lines at the train ticket kiosks and go straight through the turnstiles with a prepaid IC card. Pick up this reloadable card in the airport or train station and use it anywhere the IC logo is shown.
Japan Rail (JR) Lines calls their first class cars Green Cars, found on Shinkansen (bullet trains) and Tokkyu (limited express trains) as well as some sleeper trains. While a bit more expensive, they are also roomier and quieter, providing the perfect opportunity to relax while getting around.


This is the Blindside in Sugarhouse, SLC. Blindside was started in 1996, and has always been skater owned and operated. They specialize in skateboards, snowboards, shoes, and apparel. There are currently three locations: SLC, Orem, and Layton.
This is Mo, proprietor, skateboarder, snowboarder.


Depth-shifting of shallow water guide source observations.
Zurk, Lisa M., and Brian H. Tracey. "Depth-Shifting of Shallow Water Guide Source Observations." The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 118, no. 4 (October 2005): 2224-2233. doi:10.1121/1.2010309.
Send Comment about Depth-shifting of shallow water guide source observations.


text:
Aniba rosaeodora est une espèce d'arbres des forêts décidues humides tropicales et subtropicales d'Amazonie et de Guyane, de la famille des Lauracées.

C'est une espèce menacée en raison de son exploitation à l'état sauvage, pour la production d'huile essentielle de  et dont on extrait le linalol, une molécule odorante utilisée en parfumerie et cosmétique.

Annexes

Notes et références

Liens externes

Lauraceae
Espèce d'Angiospermes (nom scientifique)
Flore en Guyane

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Tamron Hall Bio, Wiki, Age, Height, Husband, Parents, Sister, Baby, Son, Today, and Net Worth
Last Updated on September 21, 2022 By Kim Wilson
Tamron Hall Biography
1 Tamron Hall Biography
2 10 Quick Facts Tamron Hall
3 Tamron Hall Age
4 Tamron Hall Height
5 Tamron Hall Weight
6 Tamron Hall Education
7 Tamron Hall Parents
8 Tamron Hall Sister
9 Tamron Hall Husband
10 Tamron Hall Baby
11 Tamron Hall Salary
12 Tamron Hall Net Worth
13 Tamron Hall Measurements and Facts
14 Tamron Hall Show Today
15 Deadline Crime With Tamron Hall
16 Frequently Asked Questions About Tamron Hall
17 Tamron Hall Contacts
Tamron Hall is an American award-winning Broadcast Journalist, Television Talk Show Host and Author, who was born and brought up in Luling, Texas. She hosts her self-titled syndicated daytime talk show.
Hall served as a national news correspondent for NBC News, a daytime anchor for MSNBC, a host of the program MSNBC Live with Tamron Hall, and a co-host of Today's Take, the third hour of Today. Hall has received several awards including an Edward R. Murrow Award, Daytime Emmy Award, Gracie Awards, and an NAACP Image Awards nomination, among others.
10 Quick Facts Tamron Hall
Name: Tamron Hall
Occupation: Broadcast Journalist, Television Talk Show Host, and Author
Salary: $2 million
Net worth: $1 million and $10 million
Tamron Hall Age
Hall is 52 years old as of 2022, she was born on September 16, 1970, in Luling, Texas, United States of America. She celebrates her birthday on the 16 September every year, and her birth sign is Virgo.
Tamron Hall Height
Tamron stands at a height of 5 feet 9 inches, or 1.75 meters. Her body measurements are 38-27-37 inches.
Tamron Hall Weight
Hall Weighs 148 lbs (67 kg). She has black eyes and hair.
Tamron Hall Education
Tamron attended Temple University, from where she graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in Broadcast Journalism in 1992.
Following her graduation, she began her journalism career at KBTX in Bryan, Texas, as a general assignment reporter. She then worked as a general assignment reporter at KTVT in Fort Worth, Texas, and at WFLD-TV in Chicago, Illinois.
Tamron Hall Parents
Hall was born to her mother, Mary Newton, and her father in Luling, Texas. Our efforts to find out more about her family came to no avail, as no such information is publicly available. Thus, the identity of her father is still unclear. We will update this section once this information is available.
Tamron Hall Sister
Tamron spent her childhood with her sibling sister named Renate. However, Renate was found beaten and bludgeoned to death, floating face down in the small backyard pool of her home in Houston, Texas.
The crime came after years of relationships with abusive men. The two women were not blooded-related, as Renate was the daughter of Hall's stepdad. Renate was a mother of two. Speaking of her educational level, Hall received her Bachelor of Arts in Broadcast Journalism from Temple University.
Tamron Hall Husband
Tamron is married to Steven Greener The couple married in 2019 and welcomed their son Moses via IVF in April. Previously, she dated her longtime boyfriend Lawrence O'Donnell, a TV host from 2011, and later separated after being in a relationship together for a couple of years.
Tamron Hall Husband Age
Tamron's husband Steven Greener is 55 years old as of 2022, he was born on June 26, 1967, in the United States. He celebrates his birthday on 26th of June each year and his birth sign is Cancer.
Tamron Hall Baby
Hall and her husband Steven Greener are blessed with a son named Moses Hall Greener, who was born on April 25, 2019.
Tamron Hall Salary
Tamron receives an estimated annual average salary of $2 million, from her career as a Broadcast Journalist, Television Talk Show Host, and Author.
Tamron Hall Net Worth
Hall has an estimated net worth of $7 million as of 2022. This includes her assets, money, and income. Her primary source of income is her career as a Broadcast Journalist, Television Talk Show Host, and Author.
Through her various sources of income, she has been able to accumulate a good fortune but prefers to lead a modest lifestyle.
Tamron Hall Measurements and Facts
Here are some interesting facts and body measurements you should know about Tamron;
Tamron Hall Wiki
Tamron Hall Image
Full Names: Tamron Latrise Hall
Popular As: Former national news correspondent for NBC News
Occupation / Profession: Broadcast Journalist, Television Talk Show Host, and Author
Race / Ethnicity: African-American
Tamron Hall Birthday
Age / How Old?: 52 years (2022)
Place of Birth: Luling, Texas, United States of America
Birthday: 16 September
Tamron Hall Body Measurements
Shoe Size: 9.5 (US)
Dress Size: 10 (US)
Breast Size: 38 inches
Tamron Hall Family and Relationship
Mother: Mary Newton
Siblings (Brothers and Sisters): Renate (deceased)
Husband/Spouse: Married to Steven Greener
Dating / Boyfriend: Dated Lawrence O'Donnell
Children: Sons (Moses Hall Greener) Daughter(s) (Not Known)
Tamron Hall Net Worth and Salary
Source of Income: Broadcast Journalist, Television Talk Show Host, and Author
Tamron Hall Show Today
Hall was a co-anchor of Today's Take, the show's third hour with Natalie Morales, Al Roker, and Willie Geist. On March 20, 2015, Today show episode, she mentioned that she has often checked into hotels under the pseudonym DJ Warm Cookies. She is the first African American woman to co-anchor the Today show.
On the day Tamron signed the deal, she wore the jacket of American singer and civil rights activist Lena Horne, which she bought from her estate sale. Horne remains a primary inspiration to her. In July 2013, annunciations that Hall would host another series, Deadline: Crime With Tamron Hall, on Investigation Discovery. The series debuted on September 1, 2013.
The weekly newsmagazine series features two crime occurrences per episode, with Hall and her investigative team digging deeper to uncover details on why/how things happened within each case. Tamron dedicates the series to her older sister, whose death was ruled a homicide in 2004 and remains unsolved.
Deadline Crime With Tamron Hall
Journalist Tamron Hall knows firsthand the effect of violent crime, as her older sister was a murder victim in a case that is still unsolved.
In each one-hour episode, Hall joins a core team of correspondents with knowledge of law enforcement, to go beyond the headlines and explore not only what happened, but why it happened.
Frequently Asked Questions About Tamron Hall
Who is Tamron Hall?
Tamron Hall is a famous award-winning Broadcast Journalist, Television Talk Show Host, and Author. She hosts her self-titled syndicated daytime talk show.
How old is Tamron Hall?
Hall is an American national born on September 16, 1970, in Luling, Texas, United States of America.
How tall is Tamron Hall?
Tamron stands at a height of 5 feet 9 inches (1.75 meters).
Is Tamron married?
Details about Tamron's love life are still under review. We will let you know when she gets in a relationship or when we discover helpful information about her love life.
How much is Tamron worth?
Tamron has an approximate net worth of $7 million. This amount has been accrued from her leading roles in the entertainment industry.
How much does Tamron make?
Details about Tamron's salary are not yet disclosed. However, information about how much she makes will be updated as soon as it is available.
Where does Tamron live?
Hall is a resident of Harlem, New York City, New York, USA, we shall upload pictures of her house as soon as we have them.
Is Tamron dead or alive?
Tamron is alive and in good health. There have been no reports of her being sick or having any health-related issues.
Where is Tamron Now?
Tamron is still an active participant in the creative media industry
Tamron Hall Contacts
Amanda Hall
Melissa Hall
Alexandra Hall
Bill Geddie
Sara Haines
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Filed Under: Media Personalities Tagged With: Authors, Broadcast journalist, USA


Part of Richard Heeps 'Man's Ruin' Series, Dice are a classic Rockabilly motif and this piece has a great mix of colours. Item is a limited edition of 25, gloss photographic print, dry-mounted to aluminium, it has a 8cm museum board white window mount and framed in a box frame made professionally in the UK. Client may choose the frame colour on purchase either Black (oak) or White (beech). Can be requested unframed.


text:
A Fekete-tó (szerbül: Црно језеро / Crno jezero) Montenegróban, a Durmitorban található jégvájta tengerszem.  méteres tengerszint feletti magasságon helyezkedik el.

Fekvése
A Fekete-tó Zabljak városa mellett, a Durmitor Nemzeti Parkban helyezkedik el, a Međed csúcs (Medve-csúcs, 2287 m) északkeleti lábánál.

A Durmitor Nemzeti Park 18 gleccsertava (tengerszeme) közül ez a legnagyobb, a -es területével. A tó két részből áll, ugyanis száraz időszakban egy Struga (átjáró) a Veliko (nagy) és a Malo (kis) Crno jezerora osztja a vízfelületet. A nagy tónak dupla akkor a felszíne, viszont fele akkora a térfogata. A két tó 1155 m hosszú, a legszélesebb részén 810 méteres. A Durmitor legnagyobb mélységű tava, a legnagyobb vízállás esetén a kis tó a legmélyebb részén 49 m.

A tó körüli erdőségben a rovarevő kereklevelű harmatfű (Drosera rotundifolia) található meg, mint jégkorszaki maradványfaj.

Földrajza
A tó állandó befolyója a Mlinski patak (Malom-patak), időszakosan a Točak-forrás. A legnagyobb vízmennyiséget mégis az időszakos Čelinán keresztül kapja, amely a kis tó feletti karsztforrás-rendszer a Međed lábánál. Májusban, hóolvadás idején a felszín alatti karsztos üregek telítődnek és nagy vízhozammal, vízesések és zúgók formájában táplálják a tavat. A hegyoldalon lezúduló, nagy mennyiségű vizek a tó környezetében lévő gyalogösvényt is elárasztva jutnak a tómederbe. A feltöltődés gyorsaságát mutatja, hogy így 2 nap alatt telítődik az előtte leürült tó.

A tóból kifolyója, a keleti oldalon az Otoka-patak, amely Žabljaknál egy víznyelőben tűnik el. Innentől a felszín alatt, a hegy belsejében folytatja az útját, hogy 9 nap elteltével, 10 km-rel távolabb és 820 m-rel alacsonyabban törjön a felszínre. Júliusra a patak kiszárad. Ezután a kis tó medrének alján található víznyelők lépnek működésbe. A vizek a felszín alatt 8 nappal később, 20 km-rel messzebb és 738 m-rel alacsonyabban jutnak a felszínre a Komarnica-völgyben. Ilyenkor megfordul a vízáramlás és a Struga kiszáradásáig a nagy tóból a kis tóba jut a víz.

A vízjárás igen jelentős, akár 5 m-t is változhat a vízszint.

Galéria

Források
 montenegrodirekt.com Fekete tó
 vjm.hu Durmitor Nemzeti Park
 google.com A Dinári-hegység "tetején" – a Durmitor
 Kalandtúra a Fekete hegyek országába – A vadregényes Montenegró

Kapcsolódó szócikkek
 Montenegró földrajza

Montenegró tavai


This is an extremely well-made and very detailed Mill House with a large Waterwheel built inside a bottle. The structure is two stories with a protruding front room with a railed walkout balcony. The roof and porch overhang are covered with cedar shake shingles. There are seven windows, most shown with a broken glass panes. The structure is built with individual wood planks. The main hinged wooden door has steps leading to it and rails around the landing. It structure sits on rock and foundation posts. There are stacked stone on both sides of the waterwheel. The wheel is wooden with a large wooden flue built above it. There are two trees and many other features that make the mill and wheelhouse look very natural and realistic in its woodland surrounding. There is a small sign with the artist's name: "J. DeVane" and the year made "1985" written on it. The clear glass bottle with finger/thumb tab on handle is sealed with a wooden stopper.


At the February 17 Work Session Mayor Curtis updated the City Council on progress made in decreasing the amount of non-consensual vehicle towing in Provo.
The towing ordinance was amended in the first quarter of 2014. It took some time to get with everyone to educate the property owners and others involved so towing initially went up during that time. Once the changes were made, improvements were seen in areas with the exception of Joaquin Village, which has seen an increase. Mayor Curtis hopes to find out why problems are continuing at that location.


G35 trunk wiring harness The affected vehicles are equipped with an accessory trailer hitch wiring harness that due to a malfunction of the tow hitch module may result in the trailer brake lights being constantly The cars and trucks that appear at the sema show serve as an indicator of where the various markets top chopped 1 inch seams in doors hood trunk and body removed modified reproduction cowl A portion of the engine wire harness connected to the hybrid power control unit pcu could contact the cover at this connection and wear causing an electrical short circuit. Remedy toyota will.
G35 trunk wiring harness Front and rear roof airbag driver and passenger front airbag with occupant sensors front side airbag two height adjustable active head restraints on front seats two height adjustable head restraints.
It's possible to get or download caterpillar-wiring diagram from several websites. If you take a close look at the diagram you will observe the circuit includes the battery, relay, temperature sensor, wire, and a control, normally the engine control module. With an extensive collection of electronic symbols and components, it's been used among the most completed, easy and useful wiring diagram drawing program. G35 Trunk Wiring Harness. The wiring diagram on the opposite hand is particularly beneficial to an outside electrician. Sometimes wiring diagram may also refer to the architectural wiring program. The simplest approach to read a home wiring diagram is to begin at the source, or the major power supply. Basically, the home wiring diagram is simply utilized to reveal the DIYer where the wires are.
In a parallel circuit, each unit is directly linked to the power supply, so each system gets the exact voltage. There are 3 basic sorts of standard light switches. The circuit needs to be checked with a volt tester whatsoever points. G35 Trunk Wiring Harness. Each circuit displays a distinctive voltage condition. You are able to easily step up the voltage to the necessary level utilizing an inexpensive buck-boost transformer and steer clear of such issues. The voltage is the sum of electrical power produced by the battery. Be sure that the new fuse isn't blown, and carries the very same amperage.
The control box may have over three terminals. After you have the correct size box and have fed the cable to it, you're almost prepared to permit the wiring begin. Then there's also a fuse box that's for the body controls that is situated under the dash. G35 Trunk Wiring Harness. You will find that every circuit has to have a load and every load has to have a power side and a ground side. Make certain that the transformer nameplate power is enough to supply the load that you're connecting.
G35 fuse location g35 coupe trunk infiniti g35 carbon fiber trunk nissan rogue trunk audi tt trunk 18 inch sub in trunk g35 rear diffuser infiniti g35 coupe grilles and spoilers.


Country music is at its best when it's anchored in tradition, rooted in faith and family values and delivered with heartfelt passion that resonates with authenticity. That's the way Bradley Walker makes country music, and it's that approach that makes Blessed: Hymns and Songs of Faith such an inspired and compelling collection.
His 2016 album/DVD Call Me Old-Fashioned (Gaither Music Group) hit the top ten of the Country Albums chart and established Walker as one of the finest young voices to carry the torch for traditional country music. On his sophomore Gaither Music collection, Blessed, he returns to his roots, delivering some of gospel music's best loved classics, among them "Amazing Grace," "Victory in Jesus," "Because He Lives" and "I'll Fly Away" alongside new favorites like "I Will Someday," penned by Chris and Morgane Stapleton with Ronnie and Garnet Bowman. The 13-track album also features appearances by some of the top names in country, gospel and bluegrass, including Jimmy Fortune, The Oak Ridge Boys, Alison Krauss, Vince Gill, Rhonda Vincent, Charlotte Ritchie, Ricky Skaggs and The Isaacs.
Many of these songs have long been the soundtrack for Walker's life. Growing up in Athens, Alabama, he began singing in church but soon graduated to national television when The Oak Ridge Boys invited him to sing on the "Nashville Now" show when he was only 10 years old. Getting into the music business is a challenge for any young hopeful; but for someone born with Muscular Dystrophy, who has spent his whole life in a wheelchair, it might seem especially daunting.
Possessing both a fierce, creative spirit and a determined, practical streak, Walker got an education and went to work as a Material Analyst at Browns Ferry Nuclear Plant while plotting how he would succeed in the music business. He has worked his day job while driving his custom van to Nashville to meet with songwriters, play gigs and pursue his dream of landing a deal and making it in the music industry. Along the way, he made a lot of friends and earned the respect of Nashville's top music makers who were impressed not only by Walker's evocative voice, but also his work ethic, playful sense of humor and easy-going charm.
One of his biggest fans was the late Joey Feek, who requested he sing at her funeral after her brave battle with cancer came to an end. It was there gospel legend Bill Gaither first heard Walker sing and was so impressed he signed him to a record deal shortly after. Call Me Old-Fashioned, his first recording with Gaither Music Group, was produced by Joey's husband, Rory, and accompanied by a DVD filmed in the couple's barn.
It's a sure bet they will. His heart and passion shine through on every track. Faith is an intricate journey and Bradley Walker will make you want to join him on the ride.


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Polysphaeria dischistocalyx är en måreväxtart som beskrevs av John Patrick Micklethwait Brenan. Polysphaeria dischistocalyx ingår i släktet Polysphaeria och familjen måreväxter. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

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dischistocalyx


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Download Book The Ancient Urban Maya Neighborhoods Inequality And Built Form Ancient Cities Of The New World in PDF format. You can Read Online The Ancient Urban Maya Neighborhoods Inequality And Built Form Ancient Cities Of The New World here in PDF, EPUB, Mobi or Docx formats
The Ancient Urban Maya
Neighborhoods, Inequality, and Built Form
Author: Scott R. Hutson
Publisher: Ancient Cities of the New Worl
Hutson examines the Mesoamerican lowland cities of the empire and asks, "Why did people choose to live in cities?" Offering a synthesis of previous research on Maya cities, Hutson describes the composition and attractions of these cities by examining the function of boundaries, agency, and the actors involved.
Minoan Architecture and Urbanism
New Perspectives on an Ancient Built Environment
Author: Quentin Letesson,Carl Knappett
Minoan Crete is rightly famous for its idiosyncratic architecture, as well as its palaces and towns such as Knossos, Malia, Gournia, and Palaikastro. Indeed, these are often described as the first urban settlements of Bronze Age Europe. However, we still know relatively little about the dynamics of these early urban centres. How did they work? What role did the palaces have in their towns, and the towns in their landscapes? It might seem that with such richly documented architectural remains these questions would have been answered long ago. Yet, analysis has mostly found itself confined to building materials and techniques, basic formal descriptions, and functional evaluations. Critical evaluation of these data as constituting a dynamic built environment has thus been slow in coming. This volume aims to provide a first step in this direction. It brings together international scholars whose research focuses on Minoan architecture and urbanism as well as on theory and methods in spatial analyses. By combining methodological contributions with detailed case studies across the different scales of buildings, settlements and regions, the volume proposes a new analytical and interpretive framework for addressing the complex dynamics of the Minoan built environment.
City of Water, City of Fire
Author: Matthew Robb
Publisher: Univ of California Press
Founded in the first century BCE near a set of natural springs in an otherwise dry northeastern corner of the Valley of Mexico, the ancient metropolis of Teotihuacan was on a symbolic level a city of elements. With a multiethnic population of perhaps one hundred thousand, at its peak in 400 CE, it was the cultural, political, economic, and religious center of ancient Mesoamerica. A devastating fire in the city center led to a rapid decline after the middle of the sixth century, but Teotihuacan was never completely abandoned or forgotten; the Aztecs revered the city and its monuments, giving many of them the names we still use today. Teotihuacan: City of Water, City of Fire examines new discoveries from the three main pyramids at the site—the Sun Pyramid, the Moon Pyramid, and, at the center of the Ciudadela complex, the Feathered Serpent Pyramid—which have fundamentally changed our understanding of the city's history. With illustrations of the major objects from Mexico City's Museo Nacional de Antropología and from the museums and storage facilities of the Zona de Monumentos Arqueológicos de Teotihuacan, along with selected works from US and European collections, the catalogue examines these cultural artifacts to understand the roles that offerings of objects and programs of monumental sculpture and murals throughout the city played in the lives of Teotihuacan's citizens. Published in association with the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco. Exhibition dates: de Young, San Francisco, September 30, 2017–February 11, 2018 Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA), March–June 2018
Dissertation Abstracts International
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Hells Angels: Into the Abyss
The Secrets Of The Shadows (The Annie Graham crime series Book 2)


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


CRPS Is Unpredictable & Unrelenting!!
Well nearly a week has gone by and there has been a turn in my symptoms that I suffer from and it isn't all good!! As I mentioned in my last post Christmas can be one of the toughest times of the year for those of us who suffer from CRPS to get through. As we get busy and the stress level comes up the symptoms rear there ugly head again more frequently, making it difficult to get through the day.
Last night was my daughters Christmas performance at her school, and I was having a bad time with my pain. So I was dreading going to this performance because I knew things could only get worse. However I knew that for my daughter this was an important night, so under no circumstances was I going to miss this! So away I went armed with earplugs to combat the noise, and saying a prayer for God to get me through the night. Once again prayer was answered and I had a great time at her concert!!! My pain didn't stop me from laughing and having a good time. I wasn't pain free, but the pain wasn't to the point where I knew I wasn't going to make it through the night. I consider this a small victory over a disease that can be so unpredictable and unrelenting!!
Ok! If it wasn't enough to be going to my one daughter's concert last night, I had to go to my youngest daughters school concert tonight! All things considered things went well for the most part, until a large group of the kids were given bongo drums to beat on for our enjoyment!!! If that didn't send me off to the corner rocking in the fetal position, then nothing tonight was going to. Let's just say that for this year I'm done! I had a great time at both of my girls concerts however my nerves are done! I don't know if I'd be able to do another night. Like I said before these are moments that I wouldn't miss because they are about making memories with my family. I'm not about to let this disease take memories like these away from me! So for me it's worth putting up with the pain.
When I was try to think of two words that describe what it's like to live with CRPS, the two words I came up with were unpredictable and unrelenting. It is a very upredictable disease because you never really know when it's going to flare up and cause your pain to escalate. Sure! I have been able to learn about my different triggers that cause a flare up, but it's still hard for me to tell when I'm going to be affected or even how long it will last at it's worst. If you ask one person how CRPS/RSD affects them and then you ask another person, very often you will get two different answers. The symptoms of CRPS/RSD tend to be the same however the way in which people are affected sometimes tend to be different.
The second word I use to describe CRPS/RSD is unrelenting. I think the word really explains things itself. When your living with CRPS, your always fighting one of the symptoms. The disease itself is always throwing something at you. One day it might be the pain, and then the next it might be the headaches. Just when you get those things symptoms under control, another symptom like the inability to finish a simple thought might be the next that your dealing with. It seems to be this vicous cycle that happens over and over but never seems to go away.
There are lots of different words to describe CRPS/RSD however I would go on and on if I did that. What my goal was to do however was to give you a little insight into the world that I now live within. If you live with CRPS then you know what I'm talking about. It's like I said earlier though, you can let it take away all those great moments in your life. Or you can choose to take control over it and manage it. Last night before the first concert, I didn't know how I was going to get through two nights of concerts feeling the way I did. So how do you take control over the pain when it gets like that? You ask God for help with the pain. When things seem impossible and there doesn't seem to be any hope, then that is when God is in His element.
If you live with CRPS then you need to know that it is possible to beat something as unpredictable and unrelenting as this. You don't have to give in a say that there isn't any hope. Or you don't have to settle for a life filled with uncertainty. I've said this before and I'll say it again, what choice have you decided to make? I'm not saying that I don't struggle in dealing with my CRPS because I do. Do I understand why I became sick? No! Do I fight an inner battle with the pain and others symptoms? Of course I do! As you read in this blog, that is something that I deal with on a daily basis! What I am saying though is that I put my trust in God. Whatever the battle it is I'm fighting, He fights it for me. I've made my choice!
It's like a boxer who's in the ring being hit by punch after punch. Sooner or later you start to getting worn down and the only hope that you have to win the fight, is to rely on the trainer in the corner. He guides you and tell you what to do in order to win the fight. Well taking on this fight is the same, you need that person in the corner who can help you win the fight. Ask yourself this question. Who is in the corner helping you win your fight?


text:
Reed Backs Bill…
Reed Backs Bill to Restore Net Neutrality
LPR Red de deportes Noticias Política
Save the Internet Act would promote competition and innovation, and keep the Internet free and fair for all
WASHINGTON, DC – In an effort to restore net neutrality rules that were repealed in 2017 by the Trump Administration, U.S. Senator Jack Reed (D-RI) today joined Senator Ed Markey (D-MA) in introducing the Save the Internet Act.
Net neutrality is a consumer-friendly framework to preserve competition and prevent big Internet Service Providers (ISPs) from discriminating against different types of Internet content and traffic.
In December 2017, the Republican-led FCC voted 3-2 to overturn rules barring ISPs from blocking or slowing access to or charging more for certain content. The FCC's vote fell along party lines, with Trump-appointed Chairman Ajit Pai and Republican Commissioners Brendan Carr and Michael O'Rielly voting in favor of the order, and Democratic Commissioners Mignon Clyburn and Jessica Rosenworcel voting against.
After the FCC's vote, three Republican Senators joined with the entire Senate Democratic Caucus in voting 52-47 to pass a resolution overturning the FCC's net neutrality repeal under the Congressional Review Act (CRA). But the U.S. House of Representatives, then controlled by Republicans, refused to take up the CRA.
«In rolling back net neutrality, the Trump Administration put private companies ahead of the public interest. They handed giant telecoms more control over the Internet, with a wink and a nod not to dramatically raise prices or restrict access in the near term. But the threat of that happening remains high unless Congress takes action.
The Save the Internet Act will help prevent the possibility of future price gouging and ensure the Internet remains open and free for all users,» said Senator Reed, who has long fought to protect net neutrality. The Save the Internet Act enacts the three legacy net neutrality principles – no blocking, no throttling, and no paid prioritization – and empowers the FCC to prohibit unjust, unreasonable and discriminatory practices. The legislation also ensures consumers can make informed decisions when shopping for Internet plans and restores the FCC's authority to fund broadband access and deployment, particularly for rural communities and struggling Americans. The Save the Internet Act codifies the FCC's 2015 Open Internet Order in a similar manner to last year's Congressional Review Act that passed the Senate and had bipartisan support in the House.


Maliken, a member of the S2Games development team, recently made a post on the official forums detailing a recent security breach discovered last Sunday, December 16th. The security breach placed the private information of Heroes of Newerth players under risk as it had the potential of giving away user passwords and other information.
The development team have since implemented new security features to avoid this happening again in the future but players have still been advised to change passwords on other websites or games if they use a similar variation in Heroes of Newerth.
Additionally, while the game was down we upgraded all security systems. The game is back up and all HoN accounts will be prompted to create a new password. All passwords will be expired upon next login. However, we do want to reiterate that those who used the same password for HoN to access anything else to change their passwords. We take security very seriously. Players must know their sensitive information is secure and S2 will ensure this is the case, no matter the effort or cost.
S2Games aren't the only victims of security breaches and hacking over the last month or so. The War Z recently recovered from a forum breach that removed a large portion of the player posts and the Wii-U was also hacked, resulting in a number of upcoming games being leaked across the internet.


I came across ENTURIA plates due to a very difficult situation in my life, as it seemed to me at the time it had no way out.
My health was not of a normal person of my age. My childhood was a normal one with occasional colds.
My health sharply deteriorated after my father unexpectedly died in 2006. I started being frequently ill.
Every time I happen to be ill I was taken to the hospital. In 2007 after I was treated with mononucleosis I was dismissed from the hospital with continuously high body temperature.
With time went by my body temperature never dropped below 37.5- 38.5 degrease and very often reaching 40. As soon as I became nervous the body temperature would go up.
When I was calm my body temperature stayed 37.5- 38.5 degrease.
My doctors were taking different tests but no apparent reason was found for such body temperature. I was feeling bad all the time with cold and hot waves inside my body. I was diagnosed with Thermoneurosis. As nothing was helping me I had to live in such a state for 7 years.
Last year was a real nightmare. I was constantly ill, had bronchitis, sore throat and have been treated with different antibiotics but nothing was helping me. My blood pressure was jumping from 170/120 to 80/50.
I had continuous headaches, joint pains, insomnia, depression, fear, anxiety and lack of appetite. My energy levels were so low that even a short distance walk would be a challenge for me. I didn't see any sense in living anymore. The ultimate problem was with geneology. After a number of tests doctors had a suspicion I had cervical cancer. I was waiting for a biopsy. As a result I was feeling very down with no interest or drive to live.
My family was very supportive and looking for alternative treatments to get me out of that dark hole.
At the beginning of 2013 I had a diagnostics on Vita Test programme which revealed lots of different pathologies inside my body including pre-disposition to cancer, very low immune system, psycho problems, parasites and problems with my blood.
I have been advised to start taking structured waters on various ENTURIA plates alongside with a Balm. I was following all the given instructions. In the first place it was strange for me to drink so much water but I didn't feel heavy or having water retention. Water has a diuretic effect. It is interesting that water is very different from a normal one in taste and density.
In a week my body temperature started going down to normal, I started sleeping well with much less joint pains. At the same time I experienced very sharp pains in my pancreases but I already knew that a full recovery is impossible without aggravation of a disease.
My body was cleaning from bacteria and tons of antibiotics. In 3 weeks after I started drinking water I was taken a biopsy. I had to wait for the results nearly a month. Meantime, I kept drinking water and was really feeling much better. My headaches have gone alongside with fear, tiredness, anxiety and my body temperature went to normal!
My emotional state was much better and my blood pressure has normalised as well. Finely I got results of my biopsy. My gynaecologist was nicely surprised there has been no indication for any cancer. To hear that was a great relief for me! Further examination didn't show any signs of previous conditions I had. My doctor was amazed and exclaimed: What waters did you bath in? I was so happy!
After 2.5 months of drinking structured water I became a totally different person. I changed a lot. It seemed as if I was born for the second time.
My headaches have gone, I stopped catching cold, feeling of fear and depression have almost disappeared, blood pressure has normalised , I sleep normally every day and wake up full of energy. Most important, my body temperature went to normal and stays below 37 for the first time in 7 years!
I got my life back and every day brings joy and happiness's.