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Conel Hugh O'Donel Alexander
Conel Hugh O'Donel Alexander CMG CBE (19 April 1909 – 15 February 1974), known as Hugh Alexander and C. H. O'D. Alexander as a pen name, was an Irish-born British cryptanalyst, chess player, and chess writer. He worked on the German Enigma machine at Bletchley Park during the Second World War, and was later the head of the cryptanalysis division at GCHQ for 25 years. In chess, he was twice British chess champion and earned the title of International Master.
(1909-04-19)19 April 1909
Cork, County Cork, Ireland,
15 February 1974(1974-02-15) (aged 64)
Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, England, UK
International Master (1950)
Hugh Alexander was born into an Anglo-Irish family on 19 April 1909 in Cork, Ireland, the eldest child of Conel William Long Alexander, an engineering professor at University College, Cork (UCC), and Hilda Barbara Bennett.[1] His father died in 1920 (during the Irish War of Independence), and the family moved to Birmingham, England, where he attended King Edward's School.[1] Alexander won a scholarship to study mathematics at King's College, Cambridge, in 1928, graduating with a first in 1931.[1] He represented Cambridge in chess.
From 1932, Alexander taught mathematics at Winchester, and married Enid Constance Crichton Neate (1900–1982) on 22 December 1934.[1] Their elder son was Sir Michael O'Donel Bjarne Alexander (1936–2002), a diplomat. The Alexanders' other son was Patrick Macgillicuddy Alexander (20 March 1940 – 21 September 2005), a poet who settled in Australia in 1960. In 1938, Hugh Alexander left teaching and became head of research at the John Lewis Partnership.[1]
Bletchley Park and GCHQEdit
In February 1940, Alexander arrived at Bletchley Park, the British codebreaking centre during the Second World War. He joined Hut 6, the section tasked with breaking German Army and Air Force Enigma messages. In 1941, Alexander transferred to Hut 8, the corresponding hut working on Naval Enigma. He became deputy head of Hut 8 under Alan Turing. Alexander was more involved with the day-to-day operations of the hut than Turing, and, while Turing was visiting the United States, Alexander formally became the head of Hut 8 circa November 1942. Other senior colleagues included Stuart Milner-Barry, Gordon Welchman, and Harry Golombek. In October 1944, Alexander was transferred to work on the Japanese JN-25 code.
In mid-1946, Alexander joined GCHQ (under the control of the Foreign Office), which was the post-war successor organisation to the Government Code and Cypher School (GC&CS) at Bletchley Park. By 1949, he had been promoted to the head of "Section H" (cryptanalysis), a post he retained until his retirement in 1971.
MI5's Peter Wright, in his 1987 best-selling book Spycatcher: The Candid Autobiography of a Senior Intelligence Officer, wrote about Alexander's assistance to MI5 in the ongoing Venona project, as well as other important mutual cooperation between the two organizations, which broke down previous barriers to progress. "Any help is gratefully received in this department", Alexander told Wright, and that proved the case from then on. Wright also lauded Alexander's professionalism, and opined that the exceptional mental demands of his cryptanalytical career and chess hobby likely contributed to Alexander's early death at age 64, despite his healthy lifestyle.
Chess careerEdit
C. H. O'D. Alexander
Alexander represented Cambridge University in the Varsity chess matches of 1929, 1930, 1931 and 1932 (he studied at King's College, Cambridge). He was twice a winner of the British Chess Championship, in 1938 and 1956. Alexander represented England in the Chess Olympiad six times, in 1933, 1935, 1937, 1939, 1954 and 1958. At the 1939 Olympiad in Buenos Aires, Argentina, Alexander had to leave part-way through the event, along with the rest of the English team, because of the declaration of World War II, since he was required at home for codebreaking duties. He was also the non-playing captain of England from 1964 to 1970. Alexander was awarded the International Master title in 1950 and the International Master for Correspondence Chess title in 1970. He won Hastings 1946/47 with the score 7½/9, a point ahead of Savielly Tartakower.[2][3] Alexander's best tournament result may have been first equal (with David Bronstein) at Hastings 1953/54, where he went undefeated and beat Soviet grandmasters David Bronstein and Alexander Tolush in individual games. Alexander's opportunities to appear abroad were limited as he was not allowed to play chess in the Soviet bloc because of his secret work in cryptography.[4] He was also the chess columnist of The Sunday Times in the 1960s and 1970s.
Many knowledgeable chess people believe that Alexander had Grandmaster potential, had he been able to develop his chess abilities further.[5] Many top players peak in their late twenties and early thirties, but for Alexander this stretch coincided with World War II, when high-level competitive opportunities were unavailable. After this, his professional responsibilities as a senior cryptanalyst limited his top-class appearances. He defeated Mikhail Botvinnik in one game of a team radio match against the Soviet Union in 1946, at a time when Botvinnik was probably the world's top player. Alexander made important theoretical contributions to the Dutch Defence and Petroff Defence.
Alexander is portrayed by actor Matthew Goode in the 2014 film The Imitation Game, which depicts the British attempts to crack the Enigma machine at Bletchley Park.[6]
BooksEdit
C. H. O'D. Alexander (1972). Fischer v. Spassky. Vintage. ISBN 0-394-71830-5.
C. H. O'D. Alexander (1972). Fischer v. Spassky - Reykjavik 1972. Penguin. ISBN 0-14-003573-7.
C. H. O'D. Alexander (1973). The Penguin Book of Chess Positions. Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-046199-2.
C. H. O'D. Alexander, Derek Birdsall (Editor) (1973). A Book of Chess. Hutchinson. ISBN 978-0-09-117480-4.
C. H. O'D. Alexander (1974). Alexander on Chess. Pittman. ISBN 978-0-273-00315-1.
Learn Chess: A New Way For All. Volume One: First Principles by C.H. O'D. Alexander and T. J. Beach. (RNIB, 1963). In One Volume.
Learn Chess: A New Way For All. Volume Two: Winning Methods by C.H. O'D. Alexander and T. J. Beach. (RNIB, 1973). In One Volume.
Alekhine's Best Games of Chess : 1938 - 1945 by Alexander, Conel Hugh O'Donel London: G. Bell and Sons, 1966 ISBN 4-87187-827-9
Learn chess : a new way for all by Alexander, C. H. O'D. (Conel Hugh O'Donel) Oxford : Pergamon Press, 1963-
A Book of Chess ISBN 978-0-06-010048-3, Harper & Row
^ a b c d e Harry Golombek, revised by Ralph Erskine, "Alexander, (Conel) Hugh O'Donel (1909-1974), chess player and cryptanalyst" in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 2004
^ Sunnucks, Anne (1970), The Encyclopaedia of Chess, St. Martin's Pres, p. 184, LCCN 78106371
^ Hastings 1946/47 crosstable Archived 27 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine
^ Hooper, David; Whyld, Kenneth (1992), The Oxford Companion to Chess (2 ed.), Oxford University Press, p. 10, ISBN 0-19-280049-3
^ Hugh Denham (October 1974), In Memoriam: Conel Hugh O'Donel Alexander (PDF), NSA, archived from the original (PDF) on 26 October 2015, retrieved 11 October 2015
^ Farndale, Nigel (31 July 2016). "The Imitation Game: who were the real Bletchley Park codebreakers?". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
Conel Hugh O'Donel Alexander at ChessGames.com
Documents written by Conel Hugh O'Donel Alexander while working as a cryptanalyst at Bletchley Park.
Harry Golombek and William Hartston, The Best Games of C. H. O'D. Alexander (1976).
Sir Stuart Milner-Barry, "A Tribute to Hugh Alexander", in Harry Golombek and William Hartston, The Best Games of C H O'D Alexander (1976), pp. 1–9 [1](PDF)[permanent dead link].
O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Conel Hugh O'Donel Alexander", MacTutor History of Mathematics archive, University of St Andrews .
British Chess Magazine, April 1974, p. 117 & June 1974, p. 202 (obituary and tribute)
Ken Whyld, Chess: The Records (Guinness Books, 1986)
Obituary in The Times, 16 February 1974
In Memorium: Conel Hugh O'Donel Alexander NSA.gov
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Conel_Hugh_O%27Donel_Alexander&oldid=895863784"

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TV audience of 358 million watches European Athletics Championships
The Letzigrund Stadium in Zurich hosted the 2014 European Athletics Championships from 12-17 August.
A total television audience of 358 million watched the Zurich 2014 European Athletics Championships this summer, underlining the continued popularity of European Athletics' flagship event.
The cumulative figure (excluding news audiences), collated from EBU and Repucom reports received by European Athletics, was higher than the 340 million reported for the Göteborg 2006 European Athletics Championships and on an almost equal level to Barcelona 2010's 368 million.
Göteborg 2006 was held over seven days while Barcelona 2010 like Zurich 2014 was held over six days.
Thirty-three broadcasters produced 1,677 hours of coverage (live, deferred, highlights and sports magazines) for the championships that took place 12-17 August.
European Athletics President Hansjörg Wirz said, "These excellent TV figures show the continued importance of our sport on the continent. We expected a drop in the audience between Barcelona 2010 and Zurich 2014 taking into account the respective sizes of the national markets but the audience has held up incredibly well."
In the Olympic year of 2012, with a shortened programme that didn't include road races, the European Athletics Championships in Helsinki had a total cumulative audience of 156 million.
The European Broadcasting Union also delivered a report on the average audience per minute during transmission of the championships – a more qualitative measurement that European Athletics plans to use in the future. The report on average audiences, which are based on live, delayed and highlights transmissions during the daytime, included only the same 25 countries that broadcast the championships in 2006, 2010 and 2014. (Countries: Belarus, Belgium, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom.)
Zurich 2014 had an average audience of 11.6 million (the total of the average audiences of the 25 markets added together). This is an increase of 3.2 percent in the average audience between Göteborg 2006 and Zurich (11,260,727 to 11,621,183) and is almost on par with Barcelona 2010 (11,877,496).
Average audiences continued to increase in key markets France and Germany, with both countries improving on Göteborg 2006 and Barcelona 2010 with average audiences above 2.5 million. Average audiences remained stable in the United Kingdom, hovering just below the 2 million mark.
Other countries that saw increases included Czech Republic and Netherlands, both of which have major upcoming European Athletics events. Prague will host the 2015 European Athletics Indoor Championships and Amsterdam the 2016 European Athletics Championships. Berlin will host the 2018 European Athletics Championships.
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Bunge plans to improve soybean processing footprint in the Eastern Corn Belt
Bunge North America
ST. LOUIS, Jan. 9, 2017 /PRNewswire/ -- Bunge North America, the North American operating arm of Bunge Limited (NYSE: BG), announced it plans to take steps to improve the productivity of its leading soybean processing footprint in the Eastern United States. The plan includes building Bunge's first new processing plant in the U.S. in fifteen years. Locations in Ohio and Indiana are under final consideration for the new facility.
"As we evaluate the long-term demand for soy products, we see the need to improve our asset footprint in the Eastern U.S., a key market," said Tim Gallagher, executive vice president, Oilseed Value Chain, Bunge North America. "A state-of-the-art facility in the Eastern Corn Belt that incorporates the latest productivity, safety and sustainability features combined with an increase in overall efficiency of our existing footprint will ensure Bunge can serve growing demand in the Southeastern U.S. feed and export markets."
Once site selection is complete, Bunge will have to obtain necessary approvals to move forward with the project which would be expected to go on line by the end of 2019.
About Bunge North America
Bunge North America (www.bungenorthamerica.com), the North American operating arm of Bunge Limited (NYSE: BG), is a vertically integrated food and feed ingredient company, supplying raw and processed agricultural commodities and specialized food ingredients to a wide range of customers in the animal feed, food processor, foodservice and bakery industries. With headquarters in St. Louis, Missouri, Bunge North America and its subsidiaries operate grain elevators, oilseed processing plants, edible oil refineries and packaging facilities, and corn, wheat and rice mills in the U.S., Canada and Mexico.
About Bunge Limited
Bunge Limited (www.bunge.com,NYSE: BG) is a leading global agribusiness and food company operating in over 40 countries with approximately 35,000 employees. Bunge buys, sells, stores and transports oilseeds and grains to serve customers worldwide; processes oilseeds to make protein meal for animal feed and edible oil products for commercial customers and consumers; produces sugar and ethanol from sugarcane; mills wheat, corn and rice to make ingredients used by food companies; and sells fertilizer in South America. Founded in 1818, the company is headquartered in White Plains, New York.
Cautionary Statement Concerning Forward-Looking Statements
This press release contains both historical and forward-looking statements. All statements, other than statements of historical fact are, or may be deemed to be, forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. These forward-looking statements are not based on historical facts, but rather reflect our current expectations and projections about our future results, performance, prospects and opportunities. We have tried to identify these forward-looking statements by using words including "may," "will," "should," "could," "expect," "anticipate," "believe," "plan," "intend," "estimate," "continue" and similar expressions. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause our actual results, performance, prospects or opportunities to differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, these forward-looking statements. The following important factors, among others, could affect our business and financial performance: industry conditions, including fluctuations in supply, demand and prices for agricultural commodities and other raw materials and products used in our business; fluctuations in energy and freight costs and competitive developments in our industries; the effects of weather conditions and the outbreak of crop and animal disease on our business; global and regional agricultural, economic, financial and commodities market, political, social and health conditions; the outcome of pending regulatory and legal proceedings; our ability to complete, integrate and benefit from acquisitions, dispositions, joint ventures and strategic alliances; our ability to achieve the efficiencies, savings and other benefits anticipated from our cost reduction, margin improvement and other business optimization initiatives; changes in government policies, laws and regulations affecting our business, including agricultural and trade policies, tax regulations and biofuels legislation; and other factors affecting our business generally. The forward-looking statements included in this release are made only as of the date of this release, and except as otherwise required by federal securities law, we do not have any obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements to reflect subsequent events or circumstances.
SOURCE Bunge North America
http://www.bungenorthamerica.com


Bravecto is available as a chewable oral flea and tick treatment for dogs providing 3 months protection.
Bravecto is available as a chewable oral flea and tick treatment for dogs – providing 3 months protection. Administered at 3 monthly intervals - Bravecto chewable tablet can be administered all year round. For use in dogs from 8 weeks of age, and over 2kg.
This is a single treatment pack suitable for small dogs weighing 4.5-10kg.
Highly effective against fipronil resistant fleas.
Bravecto contains fluralaner, a systemic insecticide and acaricide with a long duration of action that provides immediate and persistent tick (adult and juvenile) Haemaphysalis longicornis (NZ Cattle Tick) and flea (Ctenocephalides felis) killing activity for 3 months.
Controlled trials indicate that directly after treatment, Bravecto kills 96.8% of existing ticks on the dog within 8 hours and 100% within 12 hours. At 3 months after treatment, around 97.1% of new ticks are killed within 12 hours.
Directly after treatment, Bravecto kills 99% of fleas on the dog within 8 hours and 100% within 12 hours. At 3 months after treatment, 95.7% of new fleas are killed within 8 hours.
The flea lifecycle is broken due to the rapid onset of action and the long-lasting efficacy against adult fleas on the animal and the absence of viable egg production. Bravecto reduces the flea challenge experienced by the animal and aids in the treatment strategy for flea allergy dermatitis.


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Covid-19 Variant: Boris Johnson Orders Fresh Lockdown In UK
January 5, 2021 mabelnaija Nigeria News 0
In other to contain the new variant of COVID-19 disease, the United Kingdom Prime Minister, Boris Johnson has again ordered a fresh lockdown till mid-February.
Speaking on Monday night, January 4, Johnson warned that citizens must again remain at their houses for the main time just as they were ordered to do during the first wave of the dreaded disease in March 2020.
According to the politician, the decision was necessary as there is now more pressure on hospitals in the UK from the novel virus than at any time since the outbreak of the pandemic.
The development is coming at the time Britain is ramping up its vaccination program to become the first nation to start the application of the vaccine developed by Oxford University and drugmaker AstraZeneca, Naija News understands.
"As I speak to you tonight, our hospitals are under more pressure from COVID than at any time since the start of the pandemic," said Boris Johnson. The Prime Minister declared that there were "tough, tough" weeks to come in the fight against COVID-19.
Naija News understands that the fresh regulations which are set to come into effect now will have all primary and secondary schools and colleges shut down for physical learning except for kids of some key workers. Also, tertiary institution students will not be returning for their lecture until at least mid-February.
Meanwhile, the Nigeria Center for Disease Control (NCDC) on Monday evening, 4th January 2021, confirmed 1,204 new cases of Coronavirus disease infection in Nigeria.
The new cases of COVID-19 infection were confirmed via a statement on the official Twitter handle of the health agency, Naija News reports.
Bauchi Man Beheaded His Neighbour, Removed His Eye Balls For Money Ritual
Keyamo Reveals Kick-Off Date For 774,000 Jobs
DHQ Reacts As Troops Clash With Boko Haram In Borno
FG To Establish Six New Modern Prisons


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Largest Fires in California's History
September 10, 2018 By Katarina SamurovićPhysical Geography
In California, the officially hottest month on the record– July – was topped with the most severe wildfire season that Californians have ever witnessed. The recently published National Year-to-Date Report on Fires and Acres Burned by the National Interagency Fire Center, states that by September 6, 6,004 fires have burned a whopping 1,422,998 acres of Californian land. CAL FIRE offers insightful year-by-year of the land they manage: 613,710acres burned in 2018 by September 2, compared with 233,936in 2017, and a five-year average of 158,460, all counted for the same period. The near-triple increase is fairly obvious.
The current wildfire season was also marked by extreme single fires- Mendocino Complex fire has spanned across 459,000 acres. Last year's predecessor, the Thomas fire, was put out in January of 2018, practically uniting the seasons of 2017 and 2018. Just as the things seem to have settled down with all the major wildfires finally contained, two new large fires – Delta and Hitz then developed in Northern California, forcing evacuations because of their rapid overnight growth. As of September 6, the Hirz Fire had covered more than 46,000 acres, burning parts of the Shasta-Trinity National Forest near Redding. More than 14000 firefighters were deployed to control the fires during August. As of early September, six firefighters died while fighting the flames, along with eight civilians.
It's not just the numbers that are staggering; it is the features of the fires as well. Unexpectedly and unusually, they are burning hot through nights instead of settling down, with blazes swallowing hillsides faster than ever before, damaging the neighborhoods that were once estimated as safe. Firenados are another surprise brought in by the 2018 fire season, most notable one being the one brought near Redding, CA by the Carr fire, with an amazing speed of 230 kilometres per hour.
NASA's Aqua satellite captured this image of California fires and smoke blowing from them on August 06, 2018 with the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, MODIS, instrument.
Yosemite National Park hasn't been closed because of wildfires since 1990; however, by August 5, the fire has impacted all of the roads used to access Yosemite Valley, and the area was evacuated. Some areas of the park had to be closed indefinitely.
The pattern that Californian fires have been showing in recent years have made researchers think about the need for new estimations and models, as Nature reports. Some public figures oversimplified the problem by blaming the intensity of fires on California's numerous dead treesand the lack of forest management. However, it is not all as simple as clear-cutting the dry trees. There are issuesof different approaches by different forest management bodies, interest group conflicts, and budgets, as well as simpler human factors that are hard to control – such as people moving into the fire-prone areas, or directly igniting fires.
What most experts agree upon is that both federal and state government need to invest more in managing forests and the related fire risks. And accordingly, the lawmakers approved the five-year 1 billion dollar package to reduce the risk of wildfires across the state.
On top of it all, climate change is a larger factor that hovers over the entire wildfire crisis, responsible forlong droughts, hot nights, tree die-offs, and extreme windsthat all made the intense global wildfire season possible.
The state of California isn't lonely in its devastation – the 2018 wildfire season has been abnormal around the world. Canada's British Columbia is also experiencing the worst season on record. In Europe, Sweden has been struck with around 50 wildfires– a consequence of the worst drought since the late 19th century – and Greecehad an extremely fast-moving wind-powered fire in the suburbs of Athens with a death toll of 91.
The global wildfire influence is vividly pictured on NASA's global aerosol visualization, which shows entire North American west coast coated in black carbon aerosols emitted by the fires.
NASA Earth Observatory image by Joshua Stevens, using GEOS data from the Global Modeling and Assimilation Office at NASA GSFC.
As it seems that the wildfire season is not over yet, unfortunately, we can expect for the striking figures to rise even more as more fires continue to emerge.
"2018 National Year-to-Date Report on Fires and Acres Burned" (PDF). NIFC. September 6, 2018. https://gacc.nifc.gov/sacc/predictive/intelligence/NationalYTDbyStateandAgency.pdf
2018 Now Worst Fire Season On Record As B.C. Extends State Of Emergency. CBC News. August 29, 2018. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/state-emergency-bc-wildfires-1.4803546
Assessing the U.S. Climate in July 2018. NOAA National Centres For Environmental Information. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/news/national-climate-201807
CAL FIRE incident information. http://cdfdata.fire.ca.gov/incidents/incidents_stats
California's $1 Billion Plan To Reduce Wildfire Risk. Mercury News. https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/08/31/1-billion-plan-to-reduce-california-wildfire-risk/
Dello K. "Prepare for larger, longer wildfires". Nature World View Column. https://www.nature.com/news/prepare-for-larger-longer-wildfires-1.22821
Enormous wildfires spark scramble to improve fire models. Nature. August 31, 2018. https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-06090-0
Innocence Lost – Extreme Weather Is Going Crazy This Summer. We Don't Have Time (Sweden). July 13, 2018. https://medium.com/wedonthavetime/innocence-lost-extreme-weather-is-going-crazy-this-summer-4c79f175c83a
Just Another Day On Aerosol Earth. NASA Earth Observatory. August 23, 2018. https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/92654/just-another-day-on-aerosol-earth
Thinning California's Fire-Prone Forests: 5 Things to Know. Times of San Diego. September 3, 2018. https://timesofsandiego.com/politics/2018/09/03/thinning-californias-fire-prone-forests-5-things-to-know/
Causes of Wildfires in the US
Fire Seasons Becoming Longer and More Frequent
California, wildfires
Florida's Growing Red Tide
The Largest Endorheic Lake in the World


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What Are Common Issues Encountered When Buying Out a Partner?
By Paul Wormley | Last updated: November 8, 2021
Small business owners are not experts at this process. Most small business owners only sell their business one time, so there's a level of concern and trepidation about pursuing a buyout of a partner when it's not something that you're an expert at. It's a broad question, there are lots of potential "gotchas" in a process like this. As I've said, I think preparation pays a lot of dividends but I kind of went with a "Top 10" list of the most common issues.
No Communication
Number one would be no communication between the partners. I get calls from business owners who say "I want to buy out my partner" and I ask "Have you talked to your partner about it?" and they say "no". I think that, unfortunately, is probably the number one most common issue that I see when talking to business owners about wanting to buy out a partner.
No Plan In Place
The second is there's no plan in place, there's no buy-sell agreement, they haven't corralled their trusted advisors who will be critical to getting a transaction like this done and that kind of relates to the third one which is unrealistic time expectations.
Unrealistic Time Expectations
In most cases, the businesses these partners have were built over decades and you're not going to unwind that partnership in months. Typically when I'm talking to business owners that are seeking a buyout of their partner I say "Plan on a year, maybe more, if you're starting flat-footed". It's not something that you can affect and do it correctly in months.
The fourth would be there's lots of emotion in this and sometimes as business people, we're a little averse to admitting that we'd like to think that this is a quote or a business deal and it should be void of emotion. From my experience, that's not the case and this can range from relief on the part of the two partners that they found a way to meet everybody's needs, to full-blown conflict. It's a little bit akin to when a marriage is ending. Some divorces are easy and some are super messy and partnership buyouts can kind of have a similar look.
Confusion or Trepidation
The fifth would be, and I kind of referenced this earlier, some confusion or trepidation about "Where do we start?" or "How do we even begin to go down this path of separating a partnership?", which could have been the partnership that's been in place for decades.
Know the Value of the Business
That relates, again, to valuation, which would be the sixth one "What's the business worth?".
The seventh would be financing, "How do we fund the buyout?".
The eighth would be cost. This is sort of eight and nine. It's going to take some money to do this right. Not a ton of money but in order to get it done correctly you need to plan on making an investment in your team, in your trusted group of advisors to help you affect it, and do it correctly.
Cost of Time and Distraction
Number nine would be cost in terms of time and distraction. Any time that you spend on a process like this is time that you're not spending operating your business and that distraction can be costly. This is, again, where preparation pays a lot of dividends in terms of working on a buyout.
Change Management In Transition
The last one, the tenth, would be the potential for change management in transition that partners aren't thinking about when you have an exiting partner. Most of the time that person was contributing to the business in a way that was important and meaningful and so when that person is no longer in the seat, how is the remaining partner going to fill their shoes? Thinking through that change management, that transition, is really important to have for the remaining partner. Having a successful path forward and to the extent that the buyout was funded either through an earn-out or through a seller note, for the exiting partner to be confident that the business is going to continue to perform and it's going to meet its obligations under that seller note or the earn-out. That change management issue is one that often gets kind of forgotten about or swept under the rug but it's a really important element to having a successful buyout.
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The Men's Group meets from 8:00-9:00 AM on the third Tuesday of each month, September through June. All men are invited for Christian fellowship, breakfast and conversations about mission opportunities.
The group meets at Denny's Restaurant, 34725 Euclid Avenue in Willoughby.
No matter your age, you will feel lifted up and challenged by other men of faith!


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County Executive Chris Abele has purchased and is razing this 1927 Eschweiler-designed Shorewood mansion.
Abele plans to demolish a 1927 Eschweiler home
While folks have been wondering if Milwaukee County will restore or tear down the Domes, few expected the news that County Executive plans to tear down a 1927 Mediterranean Revival mansion designed by Alexander Eschweiler.
By Bobby Tanzilo Senior Editor/Writer Published May 31, 2019 at 1:03 PM
While folks have been wondering if Milwaukee County will restore or tear down the Domes, few expected the news that County Executive Chris Abele plans to tear down a 1927 Mediterranean Revival mansion designed by prominent Milwaukee architect Alexander C. Eschweiler.
The home, at 3534 N. Lake Dr. in Shorewood, was built by insurance magnate Dr. Charles E. Albright, replacing a previous home on the site, razed in 1924.
Abele bought the nearly 10,000-square foot mansion on a 2.5-acre lot for $2.6 million a few months ago from George and Ann Hambrook, who raised a family of six children there across more than three decades.
According to a report by Dan Bice in the Journal Sentinel, Abele applied for a demolition permit on Thursday. That permit can be viewed here.
Ronny Barenz, president of Barenz Builders, said that the home required more work than Abele deemed acceptable.
"I've worked on numerous properties over the years and this one was in remarkably poor condition," he said Friday in an email to OnMilwaukee. "My understanding is that the owners were trying to sell it for at least three years and many, many buyers decided not to take on the project. It would have needed all new mechanicals, electrical and plumbing, removal of lead paint and asbestos to provide a healthy living environment for them and their kids.
"The extent of that work would have damaged flooring, walls and many of the nicer elements of the house. In the end they decided to start over. This was a difficult decision for Chris and (fiance) Jennifer (Gonda). They came to us with a request to assess options for renovation of the property and, after much discussion, they decided the magnitude of the project was too overwhelming."
The Hambrooks found out about the demolition when they saw a Facebook post about Habitat for Humanity's ReStore offering items salvaged from the home, before the permit application was filed.
"We learned of the plans earlier this week," said Lauren Hambrook, "and it appears the demolition began without applying for or receiving the required permits from the Village of Shorewood."
Even though news of the plan is now out, Hambrook is not optimistic about the future of the home.
"I don't mean to be cynical but I don't see how we can stop Chris Abele from doing what he wants," she said. "But it has a great history: a famous Milwaukee architect, ties to Schlitz brewery – an Uihlein (Laura) daughter married Charles Albright – (it was the) home of (noted businessman) Oliver Plunkett, etc.
"I am certainly biased – and rather emotional – regarding the charm and beauty of the house. It was my parents' home from 1986 until November 2018."
According to Hambrook, the home – which does not have any historic designation – has had only four owners before Abele: the Albrights, the Essers, the Plunketts and the Hambrooks.
"Jennifer and I initially asked our builder and our architect to assess the building and give us options for renovation. The headline is that there was far more challenges involved than we initially thought, and we eventually decided to go in a different direction," Abele told OnMilwaukee.
"Both of us love the neighborhood and the people in Shorewood, which is why it's so important to us to build something that not only fits into the neighborhood architecturally but, we hope, adds to it. We have been and will continue to follow all of the Village's process – their staff have been friendly and professional – around permitting and approval."
Abele has hired Northworks Architects to design a new house for the site.
"Chris and Jennifer have been very clear with us and their architect, Northworks, about how important it is to have a design that is contextual with the neighborhood and will be a new asset to the community ," said Barenz.
"We are working with their architect to submit the plans as soon as possible so that we can minimize how long the lot is vacant."
UPDATE: In a letter to the Village of Shorewood Board shared with media Monday morning, Lauren Hambrook's brother John Hambrook refuted Barenz's assertions about both the condition of the home and the length of time it was for sale, pointing out that both a Village inspector and one hired by Abele and Gonda conducted inspections of the home before the sale was finalized.
"The house was marketed for sale for just under one year, from September 2017 until September 2018. Mr. Abele made an offer for purchase after it was removed from the market," wrote John Hambrook. "As one can imagine, not many individuals are in the financial position to purchase such an expensive home, so the sale was lengthy by some standards, but typical for a home in this price range."
In the letter, Hambrook explained why the family has discussed the issue with the media.
"Our family's only intention in this whole affair was to draw attention to what we believed was a historic building in Milwaukee County being demolished without a permit," he wrote. "Our hope was to bring this to the attention of Milwaukee County, the Village of Shorewood and the residents therein as this building is part of all our shared heritage.
"We did not intend for this to be political but the fact that Mr. Abele is in the middle of his campaign for re-election in the spring we think has unfortunately amplified all of this."
More stories on:
Alexander Eschweiler, Chris Abele, Shorewood, demolition, Dr. Charles Albright, Oliver Plunkett, Lauren Hambrook, Northworks Architects, Laura Uihlein, Schlitz, Ronny Barenz, Barenz Builders
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Bobby Tanzilo Senior Editor/Writer @BobbyOnMKEcom
Born in Brooklyn, N.Y., where he lived until he was 17, Bobby received his BA-Mass Communications from UWM in 1989 and has lived in Walker's Point, Bay View, Enderis Park, South Milwaukee and on the East Side.
He has published three non-fiction books in Italy – including one about an event in Milwaukee history, which was published in the U.S. in autumn 2010. Four more books, all about Milwaukee, have been published by The History Press.
With his most recent band, The Yell Leaders, Bobby released four LPs and had a songs featured in episodes of TV's "Party of Five" and "Dawson's Creek," and films in Japan, South America and the U.S. The Yell Leaders were named the best unsigned band in their region by VH-1 as part of its Rock Across America 1998 Tour. Most recently, the band contributed tracks to a UK vinyl/CD tribute to the Redskins and collaborated on a track with Italian novelist Enrico Remmert.
He's produced three installments of the "OMCD" series of local music compilations for OnMilwaukee.com and in 2007 produced a CD of Italian music and poetry.
In 2005, he was awarded the City of Asti's (Italy) Journalism Prize for his work focusing on that area. He has also won awards from the Milwaukee Press Club.
He can be heard weekly on 88Nine Radio Milwaukee talking about his "Urban Spelunking" series of stories.
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I am YR, a.k.a BakeOwler, who created two baking ventures known as BakeOwl and Ohohcookies.
An ordinary person who falls in love in baking. And guess what, I subtly picked up a handful of life tips from baking.
So I call this blog a LEARN + BAKE + LIFE experience centre.


In this seminar Jon Rouse, Programme Director for Southend GP Specialist Training Programme, will discuss factors that influence GP trainees' engagement with e-portfolio.
The consumerist model of health service provision and medical education, combined with the adoption of the European Working Time Directive, has necessitated a shortened postgraduate medical training. To retain public reassurance regarding professional standards, quality and regulation. competency-based models of education were encouraged and greater emphasis was placed on workplace-based assessment.
Portfolios, regarded as being an important tool for driving experiential learning, reflection and delivering competency-based models of education (Dekker et al, 2009), have been widely introduced across all postgraduate medical specialities, providing educational, strategic and regulatory benefits. Whilst early piloted portfolios had positive feedback the literature and anecdotal evidence suggests that trainee engagement with them is somewhat variable and the reasons for this are not fully understood.
This talk discusses the findings of a social constructivist grounded theory study of general practice trainees in which engagement was ultimately influenced by an investment decision. The findings of this study resonate with other extant psychological theories that highlight value and worth in medical education and discussion of some of these will also be included.
Please book your place for this seminar on eventbrite.


Nuxeo announced record-breaking business results in Q3 which includes an increase in new license bookings by 287 percent. Nuxeo also appointed Fred Monjazeb as a new CRO.
Dell chair and CEO Michael Dell announced at the EMC World Conference in Las Vegas that the biggest merger in tech history will be called Dell Technologies.


Researchers discover a slimy way salmonella sneaks up on your salad.
Pre-bagged salads are what they are—you toss a couple in your cart when you're short on time or feeling guilty about the Krispy Kremes you crushed at three in the morning.
A new study in the journal Applied and Environmental Microbiology, however, may convince you to dice your own spinach from here on out; "salad juices"—uh, gross—from damaged leaves are up to 2,400 times more likely to lead to salmonella contamination. Or as the study authors put it: "significantly enhanced Salmonella enterica salad leaf colonisation."
In the study, researchers used a mortar and pestle to grind up the salads and then analyzed the resulting juices for the presence of the icky bacteria that can lead to diarrhea, fever and abdominal cramps.
When salad juices released during the chopping process drip out of the leaves, they can get caught in the bag and become a hotbed for salmonella growth, researchers found. More alarmingly, the salmonella spread even when the damaged leaves were refrigerated.
You may be thinking, "I always wash my salad after I take it out of the bag." Well, the researchers also found that trace amounts of the salad juice can stick to leaves even after they're washed, which primes you for infection.
Salad leaves are prime real estate for the microbial pathogens that cause salmonella due to a complicated and risky harvesting process: It takes all kinds of implements—and people—that you don't see to cut the leaves from stalks, trim them, and then wash and package them for transport, the researchers say. All those variables don't bode well for the plant tissues, which allow salmonella to grow on the surface of the leaves.
Roughly 1.2 million Americans get a Salmonella infection each year and 450 of them die from it, according to the CDC. In a Q&A with Leicester University, the researchers called for higher food safety standards from salad leaf growers, which they hope could help decrease the likelihood of future outbreaks.
"Preventing enteric pathogen contamination of fresh salad produce would not only reassure consumers," co-author Giannis Koukkidis says, "but will also benefit the economy due to fewer days lost through food poisoning. We are now working hard to find ways of preventing salad-based infections."


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Iran downplays, demonizes protests amid internet shutdown
by: JON GAMBRELL, Associated Press
This photo released by the Iranian Students' News Agency, ISNA, shows cars drive past a scorched public bus that remained on the street after protests that followed authorities' decision to raise gasoline prices, in Tehran, Iran, Sunday, Nov. 17, 2019. Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, Iran's supreme leader, on Sunday backed the government's decision to raise gasoline prices and called angry protesters who have been setting fire to public property over the hike "thugs," signaling a potential crackdown on the demonstrations. (Morteza Zangane/ISNA via AP)
DUBAI, United Arab Emirates (AP) — Iran on Monday alternatively downplayed and demonized ongoing protests across the country that have killed at least five people and renewed pressure on the government as the country struggles under the weight of U.S. economic sanctions.
The full scale of the protests, which began shortly after a 50% increase in gas prices took effect early Friday, was unknown after Tehran shut down the internet over the weekend, blocking Iranians from sharing videos and information with the outside world. Before the shutdown late Saturday, some of the protest videos circulating online included sound of gunfire and appeared to show gravely wounded people.
State media and authorities have released little information and a government spokesman predicted during a news conference that the unrest would be over in two days. But the spokesman, Ali Rabiei, also said demonstrators had taken police officers and security forces hostage. He did not release any details.
The protests were prompted by widespread anger among the Iranian people, who have seen their savings evaporate amid scarce jobs and the collapse of the national currency, the rial, since President Donald Trump unilaterally withdrew America from the nuclear deal over a year ago and imposed sanctions. The rial now trades at over 123,000 to $1, compared to 32,000 to $1 at the time the deal took effect.
Tehran's streets were emptier than usual Monday in what is a generally busy capital on a cold and rainy November day. Shops saw few customers as uniformed police and plainclothes security forces walked the streets. The all-volunteer force of Iran's paramilitary Revolutionary Guard, known as Basij, said it was helping maintain security.
Speaking to journalists, Rabiei said mask-wearing protesters were "exercising very high levels of violence very professionally," but insisted the protests would soon end.
"Today the situation was calmer — more than 80% compared to yesterday," the spokesman said. "Only some minor problems remain, and by tomorrow and the day after, there will remain no special riots."
The head of the Basij, Gen. Gholamreza Soleimani, said protest leaders had been arrested, but he did not elaborate.
"The security forces have dealt with the protesters by practicing restraint and patience," the general said. "Destruction and disturbances have been done by rioters that we refer to as thugs and hoodlums."
Iran has sought to blame violence on those linked to Iran's late shah, ousted 40 years ago, and an exile group called the Mujahedeen-e-Khalq. The MEK calls for the overthrow of Iran's government and has the support of Trump's personal lawyer, Rudy Giuliani.
President Hassan Rouhani, who pushed for the hike in gas prices as part of a promise to increase payments to Iran's poor, warned that authorities could track protesters by their license plates. During the unrest, demonstrators abandoned their cars on major highways, blocking traffic.
In a meeting with his Cabinet, Rouhani linked the gas hike to Iran's inability to export its crude oil abroad, according to a statement on the presidency's website.
"We have no other choice but to either raise taxes and make payments … or we must export more oil," he said.
Meanwhile, the official death toll rose to five Monday as the state-run IRNA news agency reported that the violence has resulted in two more deaths in a Tehran suburb. Previously, officials acknowledged the death of a police officer in the city of Kermanshah, one killed in another suburb of Tehran and another in Sirjan, a city some 800 kilometers (500 miles) southeast of the capital.
In Washington, Secretary of State Mike Pompeo said the U.S. was "deeply concerned by reports of several fatalities."
"The Islamic Republic must cease violence against its own people and should immediately restore the ability of all Iranians to access a free and open Internet," Pompeo said. "The world is watching."
The semiofficial Fars news agency, close to the Guard, has put the total number of protesters at over 87,000, saying demonstrators ransacked about 100 banks and stores. Authorities arrested about 1,000 people, Fars reported, citing unnamed security officials for the information.
Iran's information and communications technology minister, Mohammad Javad Azari Jahromi, told IRNA that officials hope the situation will normalize and allow the internet to be restored. However, the former Intelligence Ministry member told the news agency that "maintaining national security is very important."
The protests represent a political risk for Rouhani ahead of February parliamentary elections as the government struggles to keep the economy afloat.
Cheap gasoline is practically considered a birthright in Iran, home to the world's fourth-largest crude oil reserves despite decades of economic woes since its 1979 Islamic Revolution. Gasoline in the country remains among the cheapest in the world, with the new prices jumping 50% to a minimum of 15,000 rials per liter. That's 12 cents a liter, or about 50 cents a gallon. A gallon of regular gasoline in the U.S. costs $2.59 by comparison.
The protests come as demonstrations also strike Iraq and Lebanon, two nations key to Iran's regional influence. Iran's protests also appear leaderless and spontaneous, making it difficult for them to push for a lasting change in Iran, the Washington Institute for Near-East Policy said in an analysis. It said any traditional leadership likely would find itself targeted by security forces amid their crackdown.
"The demonstrators have no way to present organized demands, much less negotiate them with the authorities," the institute said early Tuesday. "It is difficult to see how such leaderless protests can produce significant political change."
More International Stories
Mexico's president hopes to raffle off presidential jet
MEXICO CITY (AP) — Mexican President Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador announced the latest in a series of desperate ideas Friday to sell off his predecessor's official jet, which he says is too luxurious for a country where half the people live in poverty.
López Obrador said he is considering raffling off the plane by selling six million raffle tickets at $25 apiece.
by ANDREA RODRÍGUEZ, Associated Press / Jan 17, 2020
LAS TUNAS, Cuba (AP) — Cuban President Miguel Díaz-Canel said he does not believe the Trump administration would drop sanctions on the island in exchange for concessions from his government.
The Trump administration says it has been tightening sanctions on Cuba in recent months in order to starve the island's communist government of cash and energy supplies and force it to end support for Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro.
Portrait found in Italy gallery's walls verified as by Klimt
by CHARLENE PELE and FRANCES D'EMILIO, Associated Press / Jan 17, 2020
PIACENZA, Italy (AP) — Art experts have confirmed that a painting discovered hidden inside an Italian art gallery's walls last month is Gustav Klimt's "Portrait of a Lady," which was reported stolen from the gallery nearly 23 years ago.
The authentication of the painting announced Friday solved one of the art world's enduring mysteries - where did the missing work end up? - but left several questions unanswered, including who had taken it and whether it ever left the museum's property.


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Profs: Chastising disruptive protesters 'endangered' students
Several University of Oregon professors recently blasted President Michael Schill for his reaction to a student protest that forced the cancellation of a recent State of the University speech.
According to the professors, the students have been "potentially endangered" because Schill challenged their actions in a New York Times op-ed."
Professors at the University of Oregon are upset with conduct violations that were handed down to student protesters who recently disrupted a speech by the school's own president.
In a letter to President Michael Schill and the Board of Trustees, the faculty members blast the disciplinary investigation that led to conduct violations as "rife" with problems, including "factual ambiguities," "intimidation," "investigatory errors," and "derailing due process."
"In our view, this has gone too far. It is time to de-escalate. We ask that you cease the punitive measures against students and engage in a dialogue without the cloud of threat or intimidation," they wrote.
[RELATED: Clueless protesters shut down University of Oregon prez]
The letter, posted to the UO Student Collective Facebook page, was signed by three professors and a student government official, all of whom wrote to "express [their] concern with the response of your office to the October 6, 2017 student protest of the State of the University Address."
The protesters who disrupted Schill's speech were charged in late October with conduct code violations on the grounds of "disruption of university" operations and "failure to comply," according to The Daily Emerald.
Schill also penned an op-ed for The New York Times calling the protesters out for hypocrisy, noting that the "tactic of silencing" they employed is "awfully close" to the "fascism" they accused him of practicing.
"During the demonstration, activists took the stage and presented a list of demands created by a coalition of students. Your actions since this event have potentially endangered these students by calling out their actions in a national venue, and have escalated tensions in such a way as to obscure the concerns which precipitated the protest," the letter states in response.
[RELATED: BLM protesters shut down ACLU free speech event]
Schill has "availed [himself] of campus, community, and national platforms to express [his] voice and reading of events," the authors charge, claiming that these actions contradict his claim that he was silenced.
"Any appreciation of academic freedom and free speech must grapple with power. For faculty and graduate instructors, it is understood that any privileged platform brings responsibilities to assure speech opportunities for all voices in the classroom, not just the more vocal, visible and privileged," the authors contend.
The letter goes on to state that a democracy works when all voices are heard, "even those viewed as disruptive, unusual, or repugnant," adding that "the actions of [Schill's] office, particularly [his] New York Times OpEd, have escalated tensions, and exposed our students to intimidation and ugly responses by online commenters."
[RELATED: Antifa, students shut down Columbia College Republicans event]
According to the professors, their students have been made into a national mockery as a result of the attention given to the protest, which has placed them "in a vulnerable position" and cost them "any semblance of due process."
Campus Reform reached out to the authors of the letter, as well as the university, but did not receive any responses in time for publication.
heckler's veto


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MCGL to Host Janet Napolitano
The Moran Center for Global Leadership, in partnership with the World Affairs Council of Philadelphia, is pleased to welcome Janet Napolitano to Villanova University on Thursday, April 25 at 6:30 p.m. at the Inn at Villanova.
Janet Napolitano is an American politician, lawyer and university administrator who served as the secretary of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) in the Obama administration from 2009 to 2013 and was the 21st governor of Arizona from 2003 to 2009. Prior to her election as governor, she served as the attorney general of Arizona. Since 2013, she has served as president of the University of California. She has been the first woman to serve in several offices, including attorney general of Arizona, secretary of Homeland Security, and president of the University of California. Napolitano is the 1977 Truman Scholar from New Mexico.
Secretary Napolitano led the nation's efforts to prevent terrorist attacks, overseeing critical enhancements to aviation security and transforming security capabilities through cohesive and effective organization. During her tenure, DHS shifted its approach to immigration enforcement to better protect public safety, while simultaneously creating a more humane enforcement system. Secretary Napolitano spearheaded the creation of the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) initiative.
The former secretary of DHS will offer an insightful analysis of homeland security since 9/11, assessing the progress that has been made and the new areas of concern that have emerged, including security threats from cyber intrusions into US elections and cyber threats to critical infrastructure in energy, financial and communication networks.
Join the Moran Center for Global Leadership and the World Affairs Council of Philadelphia as Secretary Napolitano discusses the evolution of terrorism, the increased threat that political blind spots pose to homeland security, and a prescription for the future.
For more information, email kimberly.cahill@villanova.edu.


Simply follow these tips to start down the road to a healthier lifestyle. Finance it is of course fundamental to have enough money to live in a comfortable house and maintain your family Analyze the changes Learn You are continuously developing your knowledge We are all capable of motivating ourselves to face challenges as well as gaining new experiences for our continued personal development. We make it absolutely simple to get the details about internet marketing and seo company.
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You may be familiar with this concept of creating a vision board and why people do it if you are a big fan of personal development. Like anything you have learned how to do; those skills can continually be fine-tuned. Learn from your top industry leaders and study what they have done to become successful in this way. I suggest you to try internet marketing. By adding a healthy eating plan to your personal development program Do not forget to thank them for helping you out in your quest for self improvement.
And enjoy doing it. Avoid settling and conforming. One of which was confidence and self-assurance. Being the best you can be requires you to train yourself to push beyond excuses and setbacks and find the fortitude to become the excellent version of yourself you may have been longing to become. Developing your skill sets will not only make you a better asset to your occupational field but it will also add a since of fulfillment knowing that you are making a deliberate attempt to become the best you possible. This can teach you much about development and technique.


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Issue 6 | December 2013
Selected Papers from the 2012 TEI Conference
Rebooting TEI Pointers
Hugh A. Cayless
https://doi.org/10.4000/jtei.907
Abstract | Index | Outline | Text | Bibliography | Notes | References | About the author
The TEI Guidelines has for years contained a section on XPointer schemes which, unfortunately, has suffered from a lack of implementations. The reasons for this include the difficulty of the concepts in this section and a lack of sufficient detail in their specification. Despite this lack of use, the author feels that TEI pointers address an important set of use cases and should receive more attention. The chief advantage of TEI pointers is that they permit stand-off markup and annotation of text that is either unmarked or marked up inappropriately for the intended annotation. Their promise is a mechanism for leveraging stand-off markup and annotations of TEI documents—for example, being able to link to annotations in a document view because those annotations point to parts of the document. This paper provides some background on TEI pointers and their possible uses, and outlines the state of efforts under way to rework this section of the Guidelines by providing a more detailed specification and reference implementations.
TEI, XPointer, annotation, stand-off markup
1. Background
2. XPointers
3. Implementing TEI Pointers
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1TEI documents can be thought of as having (at least) three structural layers. On the bottom level lies the text, in whatever encoding it uses. Unicode, generally UTF-8, is the most common encoding in modern TEI markup. The layer above this may be understood in terms of the native XML structures TEI employs, such as elements, text nodes, and attributes. TEI leverages the tree structure of the XML document for a lot of its semantics. Text or elements inside a
, for example, are understood to be part of the section of document that the
 represents. Containment within a structure implies membership in that structure. And the correctness of this kind of structure can, to a large extent, be validated by an XML schema (without resorting to Schematron).
2The third layer may be thought of as comprising the meta-structures of a document. By meta-structures I mean those document features implemented using the various linking mechanisms that TEI provides. These do not rely primarily on the tree-based XML structure of the TEI document for their meaning, but instead form a lattice of connections between components both within and outside the document. This layer most closely resembles a graph, with nodes (mainly elements) and arcs (links).
3For example, a <certainty> element is thought of as attaching to some document structure and annotating it with a measure of confidence in the correctness of the assertion in that structure. For simplicity's sake, most users of TEI place <certainty> inside the element it comments upon, but with the @target and @match attributes, <certainty> can be attached to any node in the document, or even in another document. A <ref> or <ptr> links one part of a document to another part, or to a different document. The @scheme attribute on <keywords> links back to a <taxonomy> defined elsewhere in the header. The global linking attributes can similarly attach nodes across the normal document hierarchy. The <relation> element (despite its confusing and clumsy syntax) explicitly defines a directed or undirected graph, connecting elements in or across documents.
1 See http://www.tei-c.org/Vault/P5/2.2.0/doc/tei-p5-doc/en/html/ref-att.scoping.html
4These three layers may also be thought of as representing three different data types: text as stream, text as tree, and text as graph. This article will address a shortcoming of the last data type, as currently implemented in TEI, and suggest ways in which it may be remedied. There are essentially two pointing mechanisms TEI employs to implement its graph data structure: XPath, used in the @match attribute,1 and URIs, which can indicate documents, or (using fragment identifiers) elements in the current document which have @xml:id attributes. They cannot indicate non-element portions of a document, such as ranges of text, without employing XPointer schemes, which are quite problematic as currently defined. To put it another way, the level three structure can really only reference a subset of the level two data structure, and cannot properly address the text as stream, meaning that its functionality is incomplete.
5XPointers are an extension to URLs. A URL is an address. It indicates where a resource can be retrieved on the web. If a fragment identifier (#foo, for example) is appended to a URL, then the URL can be said to reference the element with the ID "foo" within the document the URL addresses. Like fragment identifiers, XPointers can be tacked onto a URL that locates an XML document and address a location inside the document referenced by the URL. Unlike fragment identifiers, XPointers are not limited to addressing elements. Although XPointers look very much like programming language functions, they are not, because they do not dictate what happens to the things they address; they just tell you how to get there.
6The TEI Guidelines (TEI Consortium 2012) define a set of XPointer schemes, which have been the victim of a Catch-22. The section is difficult to grasp, and as a result, most people never bother to try using it. So few people have tried using it that its problems have never been brought to light and it has never accumulated a critical mass of implementations and use-cases. TEI pointers address nodes, which may be elements, attributes, or text nodes; points, which are conceptual locations between elements or inside text nodes; and ranges, or fragments of document between two points.
7The Guidelines define the current set of pointer schemes thus:
xpath1()
Addresses a node or nodeset using the XPath syntax. (16.2.5.2 xpath1(Expr))
left() and right()
addresses the point before (left) or after (right) a node or node set (16.2.5.3 left() and right())
range()
addresses the range between two points (16.2.5.4 range())
string-range()
addresses a range of a specified length starting from a specified point (16.2.5.5 string-range(fragmentIdentifier, offset [, length]))
match()
addresses a range which matches a specified string within a node (16.2.5.6 match(fragmentIdentifier, string [, index]))
The xpath1() scheme refers to the existing XPath specification which is adopted without modification or extension.
The other five schemes overlap in functionality with a W3C draft specification known as the XPointer scheme draft, but are individually much simpler. At the time of this writing, there is no current or scheduled activity at the W3C towards revising this draft or issuing it as a recommendation.
(TEI Consortium 2012, section 16.2.5, http://www.tei-c.org/Vault/P5/2.2.0/doc/tei-p5-doc/en/html/SA.html#SATS)
8The schemes as currently defined suffer from a number of problems. To begin with, the Guidelines lack examples of usage, and some of the provided examples are incorrect or confusing; namespace mapping is not dealt with at all; XPointer parameters are defined as fragment identifiers, when XPaths should probably also be allowed; and in general, the question of behavior (what precisely it is that TEI pointers address) is left unanswered.
9In late 2011, a working group on TEI pointers was convened. The members include myself, Piotr Bański, Syd Bauman, Gabriel Bodard, Martin Holmes, and Laurent Romary. We have been discussing what to do about the Pointers section in the guidelines, starting with the development of a set of use cases and moving on to the development of a draft update to the section, which I have been editing (with feedback from the other members). Discussions are still ongoing, and the proposals documented here represent my own views, not those of the working group as a whole, though they have certainly been informed and improved by their input.
10First and foremost, the specification needs to be made more explicit and less abstract, so that it is actually possible to develop implementations. This includes detailing what exactly a TEI pointer addresses when it indicates a point or a range, tightening up the syntax, and modifying or adding to the definitions in the specification to fill in conceptual gaps.
2 https://github.com/hcayless/tei-xpointer.js.
11In concert with the work on the new pointer specification, I have begun developing an XPointer resolver, using Javascript and TEI Boilerplate, that can highlight a section of a document based on an XPointer in the page URI.2 This prototype provides a mechanism for creating and resolving TEI pointers that could plug into (for example) an annotation system.
3 See Cayless 2013 for a stable version of the draft.
12The revised pointer schemes in the draft proposal3 are as follows:
Sequence xpath(XPATH)
Sequence: An ordered collection of zero or more items.
XPATH: an XPath 1.0 or 2.0 path expression that returns an element or text node. The behavior of range schemes on XPaths returning multiple nodes is undefined.
XPaths that return atomic values (e.g. substring()) are illegal because they represent extracted values rather than locations in the source document. XPath expressions that address attribute nodes are only legal in the xpath() scheme.
Point left(IDREF | XPATH)
Point: a dimensionless position index adjacent to a node or inside a text node.
IDREF: the value of an @xml:id attribute in the source document.
Point right(IDREF | XPATH)
string-index
Point string-index(IDREF | XPATH, OFFSET)
OFFSET: a positive, negative, or zero integer. An offset of 0 represents the position immediately before the first character in either the first text node child of the node addressed in the XPATH|IDREF parameter or the first following-sibling text node, if the addressed element contains no text node descendants.
Sequence range(POINTER, POINTER[, POINTER, POINTER ...])
POINTER: IDREF | XPATH | left() | right() | string-index()
string-range
Sequence string-range(IDREF | XPATH, OFFSET, LENGTH[, OFFSET, LENGTH ...])
LENGTH: a positive integer denoting the length of the string being addressed.
Sequence match(IDREF | XPATH, 'REGEX'[, INDEX])
4 See Malhotra et al. 2010, section 7.6.1, http://www.w3.org/TR/xpath-functions/#regex-syntax.
REGEX: a regular expression as defined in XQuery 1.0 and XPath 2.0 Functions and Operators (Second Edition), section 7.6.1.4
INDEX: a positive integer, beginning at 1, denoting the index of the match in the set of matches which is addressed by the scheme.
The use of single quotes to delimit the REGEX means that there must be a way to escape single quotes inside the REGEX. An escape syntax like \' would work, despite being nonstandard syntax, because it could be substituted before the expression was evaluated.
13The term Sequence above is based upon the definition in the XPath 2.0 Data Model, with one amendment:
[Definition: A sequence is an ordered collection of zero or more items.] [Definition: An item is either an atomic value or a node.]
[Definition: An atomic value is a value in the value space of an atomic type, as defined in [XML Schema].]
[Definition: A node is an instance of one of the node kinds defined in [XQuery 1.0 and XPath 2.0 Data Model (Second Edition)].]
(Berglund, Boag, et al. 2010, section 2, http://www.w3.org/TR/xpath20/#id-basics)
5 This function could technically be fulfilled by a zero-length string-range(), but the specification (...)
In the XPointer definition of a sequence, an item may be either a node or a partial text node, but not an atomic value. All of the pointers above function in broadly the same fashion: they rely on the resolution of a context node, via either XPath or the use of an ID, and then (except for xpath()) they offset in some way from the context node and resolve to either a point or a sequence. Changes from the original definitions include the renaming of xpath1() to xpath(), the addition of a string-index() pointer capable of resolving a point inside the text stream,5 and the addition of repeatable parameters in the range() and string-range() pointers.
6 See http://www.w3.org/TR/xml-infoset/.
14The proposed redefinition of TEI pointers deals with points, nodes, and sequences. The latter two are well-understood parts of the XML data model. Nodes are elements, attributes, text nodes, or the document node itself. Sequences are lists of nodes or node parts. But what exactly is a point? This is tricky, because unlike nodes and sequences, they do not exist. They are a useful construct for saying where to start or stop when grabbing a chunk of document, or maybe for describing where to insert a bookmark, but they do not correspond to anything actually in an XML document, and particularly not to anything in the XML Infoset.6 So points are rather theoretical. The old specification defines them as the positions next to elements or between characters in a text node. The old specification is not explicit on the subject, but there have to be strict limitations on where points can be. They cannot be in the middle of an element tag (i.e. between the brackets), for example. Perhaps they could reference characters inside an attribute, but attributes are outside the text stream, so it would not be possible to have a point that started inside one attribute and ended inside another, for example.
15Points define the start and end of a range. Therefore a range is the piece of document between two points. But again, we have to be quite careful about what that means. In the draft specification, I have taken a hard line that ranges cannot contain partial elements, so, given an XML document:
<foo type="barbecue">
<bar>

Here be <n xml:id="d1">dragons</n>.

</bar>
</foo>
and a pointer which points at something like
  #range(left(/foo),string-index(//p,10))
That is, start before the <foo> element and end at a point ten character spaces inside the
 element (skipping over tags but including the carriage returns and whitespace indenting the elements)—after the letters dr—which is itself inside the <n> element. The resulting sequence doesn't include the elements <foo>, <bar>,
, or <n> at all. It contains only the text nodes captured by the range. Elements are retrieved only when the whole element is part of the range. This solves a big implementation roadblock, because it is very difficult (maybe impossible) to know how to deal with a range containing what would be ill-formed markup. There is no such thing as half an element node in the XML DOM, for example. By defining exactly what a range can be—an XPath 2.0 sequence—we can eliminate that obstacle to implementation.
16Further, an XPointer sequence must consist of nodes, as defined above, except for the first and last items in the sequence, which may be portions of text nodes. A sequence addressed by range(), for example, might start in the middle of one text node and end inside another. In this case, the first and last items in the sequence would be partial text nodes. It must be understood that TEI pointers cannot address attribute nodes (except via the xpath() scheme) or partial element nodes (at all).
17A real-world implementation that could resolve the example above might return the sequence of affected nodes, with the first and last paired with instructions on how to clip them (if need be), so the result would be something like
  (TEXT("\n  "), TEXT("\n    "), TEXT("Here be "),  (TEXT("dragons"), substring(.,0,2)))
7 They are, however, in XSLT 3.0: see Kay 2012, section 1.2, http://www.w3.org/TR/xslt-30/#whats-new- (...)
i.e. a sequence of text nodes, where the last item is paired with a function that extracts an atomic value from the text node. Here I am using the TEXT() notation to indicate that the bracketed string is a text node in its document context rather than simply an atomic string value and the \n notation to indicate a newline character. Since functions are not first-class objects in XSLT 1.0 or 2.0, and therefore cannot be passed around,7 the preceding return is technically impossible. The atomic string value returned by the substring function could be returned, however:
  (TEXT("\n  "), TEXT("\n    "), TEXT("Here be "), (TEXT("dragons"), "dr"))
8 See Berglund, Fernández, et al. 2010, section 2.5, http://www.w3.org/TR/xpath-datamodel/#sequences.
Unfortunately, here we run into the problem that XPath 2.0 sequences do not nest (a sequence cannot be an item in a sequence),8 so the example above would resolve to the sequence
  (TEXT("\n  "), TEXT("\n    "), TEXT("Here be "), TEXT("  dragons"), "dr")
In other words, the returned result would be the three text nodes (in their document context), plus the atomic value of the truncated final node. This sort of return would permit any operation you might want to perform on it. If you wanted to copy the elements that partially wrap these nodes, for example, you could do it by looking at the ancestors of the text nodes in the sequence. If not, you could simply ignore the penultimate item in the sequence. The precise anatomy of a sequence returned when a TEI pointer is resolved will vary depending on the context and capabilities of the XPointer implementation in question.
18To provide a more concrete example, in the document fragment below, from http://papyri.info/ddbdp/o.leid;;24/source, addressing individual lines is difficult because they are not contained by any element. It is common practice to refer to the <lb> element as a surrogate for the line, but this does not actually permit the text of the line to be retrieved or manipulated directly. A range like #range(left(//lb[@n='3']),left(//lb[@n='4'])), however, could unambiguously address the sequence of nodes comprising line 3, even if the <lb> happened to be a child of another element that began in the previous line.
Figure 1. Extract from Account of Money (O.Leid. 24).
Zoom Original (jpeg, 199k)
19Moreover, such a pointer could be automatically created in the service of a structure that wished to link to lines of text, like a commentary. This would allow, for example, the display of the line (or part of it) in the commentary without repetition, or the highlighting of the line when a comment is selected.
9 For a good, recent discussion of the state of open-source markup technologies, see Patterson (2013)
20There are some basic requirements for environments in which we wish to implement TEI pointers. All of the pointer schemes here allow the context node to be defined using XPath, so dynamic XPath resolution is essential. Already, there is a problem resulting from the paucity of implementations of XML technologies:9 dynamic XPath evaluation in XSLT requires either the use of XSLT 1.0 with extensions (EXSLT) or the commercial-only versions of the only Free/Open Source XSLT 2.0 implementation, Saxon. So one must rely either on a commercial solution or on a custom extension. Regular expression support is a requirement for the match() pointer. Apart from these functional requirements, it is also clear that anything that might affect the interpretation of offset parameters must be tightly controlled. Whitespace should therefore never be treated as "ignorable," and the normalization form of the character encoding (assuming it is Unicode) should never be changed.
21The TEI has satisfactorily proved by example that trees make for a very useful (though certainly not perfect) data structure for documents of many kinds. Trees have a number of advantages as a basic model for text. Their hierarchical structure can map onto the hierarchical structures we find in many texts, such as book, chapter, and paragraph. They are easy to navigate—the XML tree-structure even has a path language which can be used to address nodes in a document or retrieve values from it. With XML and XPath, we can get at pretty much any part of a TEI document that we might want. So it is fair to ask why we would need pointers.
22The advantage of XPointers is that they make it possible to address unmarked pieces of a document, for example a name embedded in a chunk of text, or an apparatus lemma spanning a series of elements and partial text nodes. One might object that this can be done with XPath too, but in fact, it cannot. XPath does have a number of functions that facilitate the retrieval of bits of text (the substring, substring-before, and substring-after functions, for example), but, crucially, these functions return atomic values rather than nodes in the document tree. In other words, they return the text but discard the context. This is good enough for many modes of work, but if what you actually want to do is address the text in its context, then XPath may not work for you, because it can only address whole nodes in their context. XPath's inability to access the text as stream means in practice that the efficacy of the TEI graph is limited.
23The obvious response is that if one wants to say something about a chunk of text in an XML document, typically markup is put around it with an @id attribute that can be pointed to. This can be done even for irregular, non-tessellated document fragments by marking the start and end of the range with milestone elements or by linking together a series of text containers. The XPointer use case comes in when for some reason one cannot (or really does not want to) insert new elements into the target document. This might be the case if
you want to create markup that annotates a document published by someone else, and you do not want to or cannot re-host a derivative version with your own markup added
you are using a limited or opinionated subset of TEI but want to layer additional data on top of it as stand-off annotations
the explicit marking of text for every purpose you want to fulfil would make the document too complex to manage.
24Cases like stand-off markup and annotation, particularly where the needed text fragments cut across the tree structure of the document, are the areas where TEI pointers come into their own. They make it possible to mark the text stream in ways that reconfigure the document without forcing extra complexity into the second layer.
10 It can be argued that given the existence of the graph, this kind of reconfiguration of the text st (...)
25The management of complexity is really the fundamental argument for employing XPointers: the lowest layer of TEI, the text stream, is a very simple beast. It is just an ordered list of characters. The second layer, the tree, imposes some hierarchical structure on the stream, and may even (virtually, not actually) reconfigure it, by asserting that at certain points it forks and rejoins—this is the effect of elements like <choice> and <app>.10 But it too is a fairly simple and rigid data structure. Too much complexity makes it hard to cope with. But the third layer, the graph, is ideally suited to representing complex sets of relationships. It is harder for a human being to read and understand the graph, but because its data structures are simple, building tools that can aid in manipulating it is not hard.
26I noted earlier that the set of use cases I see this technology targeting are cases where you want to layer new markup on top of existing markup that you either cannot, or do not want to, change. There is a caveat built in here: as with any URI, you are taking a risk that the thing you point at will not always be there or will change. If you are using pointers with documents that are subject to change, you will need to come up with strategies for mitigating the risk of broken links. But this is true of any kind of stand-off markup.
27Most of the time, pointing from one part of a TEI document to another, it is easy to use IDs. Simply wrap the thing in an element, give that element an @xml:id attribute (say, xml:id="foo"), and point at the ID using either a URI with an appended fragment identifier ("#foo") or using an attribute whose type is IDREF. Occasionally, however, this is not convenient, and this is where TEI pointers come in. They fill in some gaps in functionality for the meta-structural layer. They are capable of addressing sections of a TEI document that cannot be straightforwardly pointed to by means of IDs or XPath alone. Put another way, TEI pointers offer a means of breaking out of the hierarchical XML straitjacket in those cases where a tree-structure is not adequate to represent the concepts that need to be modelled.
Berglund, Anders, Scott Boag, Don Chamberlin, Mary F. Fernández, Michael Kay, Jonathan Robie, and Jérôme Siméon, eds. 2010. XML Path Language (XPath) 2.0 (Second Edition): W3C Recommendation 14 December 2010. http://www.w3.org/TR/xpath20/. Last updated January 3, 2011.
Berglund, Anders, Mary Fernández, Ashok Malhotra, Jonathan Marsh, Marton Nagy, and Norman Walsh, eds. 2010. XQuery 1.0 and XPath 2.0 Data Model (XDM) (Second Edition): W3C Recommendation 14 December 2010. http://www.w3.org/TR/xpath-datamodel/.
Cayless, Hugh. 2013. Draft TEI XPointer Specification. https://github.com/hcayless/TEI_Pointers_Draft. Last updated August 26, 2013.
Kay, Michael, ed. 2012. XSL Transformations (XSLT) Version 3.0: W3C Working Draft, 10 July 2012. http://www.w3.org/TR/xslt-30/.
Malhotra, Ashok, Jim Melton, Norman Walsh, and Michael Kay, eds. 2010. XQuery 1.0 and XPath 2.0 Functions and Operators (Second Edition): W3C Recommendation 14 December 2010. http://www.w3.org/TR/xpath-functions/.
Patterson, Matt. 2013. "Where Did All the Document Kids Go? Open-source, Markup, and the Casual Developer." Presented at Balisage: The Markup Conference 2013, Montréal, Canada, August 6–9, 2013. In Proceedings of Balisage: The Markup Conference 2013. Balisage Series on Markup Technologies, vol. 10. doi:10.4242/BalisageVol10.Patterson01.
TEI Consortium. 2012. TEI P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange. Version 2.2.0. Last updated October 25. N.p.: TEI Consortium. http://www.tei-c.org/Vault/P5/2.2.0/doc/tei-p5-doc/en/html/index.html.
5 This function could technically be fulfilled by a zero-length string-range(), but the specification has been tightened up so that pointers return either points or sequences, and string-range() returns a sequence. Therefore a new pointer that addresses points in text nodes is necessary.
7 They are, however, in XSLT 3.0: see Kay 2012, section 1.2, http://www.w3.org/TR/xslt-30/#whats-new-in-xslt3.
9 For a good, recent discussion of the state of open-source markup technologies, see Patterson (2013).
10 It can be argued that given the existence of the graph, this kind of reconfiguration of the text stream is a design flaw. Certainly, it is frequently inconvenient. It is this characteristic of the TEI that makes necessary the addition of repeatable parameters—and therefore the addressing of non-contiguous chunks of text—in the new range() and string-range() pointers.
http://journals.openedition.org/jtei/docannexe/image/907/img-1.jpg
Electronic reference
Hugh A. Cayless, "Rebooting TEI Pointers", Journal of the Text Encoding Initiative [Online], Issue 6 | December 2013, Online since 04 September 2017, connection on 20 January 2022. URL: http://journals.openedition.org/jtei/907; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/jtei.907
Hugh Cayless is a long-time user of the TEI and a current member of the TEI Council. He is a founder of the EpiDoc Collaborative, which provides guidelines and tools for encoding ancient source documents such as inscriptions and papyri. He holds a PhD in classics and a master's degree in information science. Hugh is the senior digital humanities developer for the Duke Collaboratory for Classics Computing (DC3).
TEI Consortium 2013 (Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License)
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text:
20 years without taxes and a moratorium on inspections: proposals for investors in the Kuril Islands
11 апреля 2022 11 апреля 2022
Russian and foreign entrepreneurs expressed interest in investment projects in the Kuril islands.
A meeting for investors, "The Investment potential of the Kuril Islands", organized by the Ministry for the Development of the Russian Far East and Arctic, the Russian Far East and Arctic Development Corporation, and the Government of Sakhalin Region was held in Moscow.
The meeting was attended by heads of 25 Russian companies, delegates from 10 international companies and foreign countries, and 7 international business associations. The list of the Kuril Investment Day guests includes representatives of Chinese, Indian, Turkish and UAE companies, and diplomatic corps from Bahrein, Thailand, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, and China.
Investors expressed interest in projects to develop mariculture, tourism and the energy sector in the Islands. The Islands are among the 10 most favorable regions in Russia in terms of investment climate, and businesses can benefit from a wide range of state support measures.
In March this year, a new preferential tax regime for companies implementing projects in the Kuril Islands came into force. Businesses will be exempted from profits tax, property tax, transport tax and land tax for a period of 20 years. The preferential measures also include reduced rate of 7.6% for social insurance contributions, also for a period of 20 years, and the application of free customs zone procedure in the Kuril Islands.
"The Kuril Islands offer the most attractive tax discounts for entrepreneurial activities of any region in Russia. It is no exaggeration to say that the Kurils are a truly magical place. When you arrive there you feel as if you are on a different planet. The nature is unique, it's a self-contained ecosystem. There are traditional industries, for example a fishing facility. And there is a huge potential for the development of tourism. There is a huge interest in the entire chain of islands, and this has opened up good opportunities for business. All investors who make the decision to carry out projects on the Kuril Islands will be offered support provided in part by the Russian Government and the development institutes," said Alexei Chekunkov, Minister for the Development of the Russian Far East and Arctic.
Valery Limarenko, Governor of Sakhalin Region, thanked Yury Trutnev, Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation and Presidential Plenipotentiary Envoy to the Far Eastern Federal District, for his support in ensuring the expedited consideration and approval of the law on the special tax regime for the Kuril Islands.
"The law was adopted quickly, and it has come just at the right time. Investment in the Kuril Islands will enable businesses to secure a share in key Asian markets in the fishing, logistics, alternative energy and tourism sectors. The Islands' fishing industry is growing. I would also like to emphasize the importance of mariculture. This is a growth industry of the future - mariculture products have a much higher market value than fish products. As for the development of tourism, we have done research and selected the sites for hotels, health resorts and thalassotherapy centers. We are ready to extend the utilities infrastructure and double its capacity. We are offering more than 140 potential sites for investment projects. We will work individually with every investor and provide support at all stages," Mr. Limarenko added.
Nikolai Zapryagaev, Acting General Director of the Russian Far East and Arctic Development Corporation (FEDC), pointed out that there will be no minimum investment threshold and that all investors - small, medium sized and large businesses alike - will be able to obtain state support under the Kuril Islands preferential regime.
"The Russian Far East is a unique macro-region with great potential for the development of projects in any sector, and it is supported by a range of measures to speed up economic growth and increase living standards. Over the last 8 years, 65 laws and 330 regulations have been adopted to support entrepreneurial activities, and special regimes have been established for the Advanced Special Economic Zone (ASEZ), the Free Port Vladivostok (FPV), the Special Administrative Regions (SAR) and the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF). The FEDC, under the guidance of the Ministry for the Development of the Russian Far East and Arctic and Yury Trutnev, Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation and Presidential Plenipotentiary Envoy to the Far Eastern Federal District, operates the ASEZ and the FPV, serving as a reliable partner for entrepreneurs and supporting them in their projects. We have 10 effective instruments at our disposal, from tax breaks to grants of land and the extension of infrastructure. As a result, the ASEZ and the FPV now have more than 2,600 residents, and almost 500 of these are now operational and have started up their businesses. The investors have contributed a total of 2.3 trillion rubles to the economy of the macro-region. Moreover, as of the end of 2020, for the Far Eastern region as a whole, residents' contributions to investments in starting capital amounted to almost 30 percent. But we are always working to improve the existing preferences. And the law on special conditions for entrepreneurial activity in the Kuril Islands is just one example of this. It offers the most profitable regime for doing business in the whole of Russia," Mr. Zapryagaev emphasized.
According to the speaker in the meeting, the validity term for the tax breaks and lower social contributions has been doubled, from 10 to 20 years, and the procedure for obtaining the status of resident under the special regime has been simplified as much as possible - the investor only needs to inform the tax authorities that it has registered a legal entity in the Islands, and there is no need to submit the normal package of documents; moreover, special regimes for supervising investors' activities and allocating land plots will be introduced.
The representative of the FEDC summarized the situation: "As we have seen in Sakhalin Region, businesses make good use of the available preferential regimes, including tax breaks, land grants and the creation of infrastructure for projects, the option to raise funding, subsidized loans, free customs zones and assistance in resolving personnel issues. The Ministry for the Development of the Russian Far East and Arctic has also launched a new infrastructure-related support mechanism: the Far Eastern Concession, and the first social facilities under this Concession were approved in 2022 by the Government Commission in Magadan Region. 25 of the 93 projects on Sakhalin Island are now operational and new businesses have been launched in the tourism, transportation and logistics sectors, mineral deposits have been developed, mining operations have been launched, as has food production. It is extremely important that we develop a portfolio of investment projects with specific investors, parameters and marketing policies as it is the investors who act as catalysts for the removal of the restrictions on developing the territory at the state level. We will solve the problem of transport access to the islands and organize the infrastructure."
Among the advantages of doing business in the Kurils, investors participating in the meeting noted the Islands' advantageous location in the Asia-Pacific region. The Kurils are adjacent to major maritime trading routes. The volume of cargo shipped between East Asia and ports in North America alone, a route that passes by the ports of Hokkaido and Honshu, is measured in hundreds of millions of tons.
The Kuril Islands also have an important strategic significance for Russia. In the last five years, the state has invested approximately 50 billion rubles in their development. Capital investment from the private sector accounted for approximately 22 billion rubles.
Министерство инвестиционной политики Сахалинской области является органом исполнительной власти Сахалинской области, осуществляющим функцию агентства инвестиционного развития, отвечающего за продвижение инвестиционных проектов в регионе в рамках реализации проекта по внедрению в России единого механизма поддержки инвестиций в субъектах Российской Федерации – регионального инвестиционного стандарта.
Адрес электронной почты: mininvest@sakhalin.gov.ru
Сайт: https://mininvest.sakhallin.gov.ru


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