text:
Posted on March 27, 2018 March 27, 2018 by Joe Laszlo
Kehila Kedosha Janina Synagogue and Museum
In addition to the historic photos and artifacts the museum has a series of odd, delicate, contemporary wire sculptures hanging below the skylight.
I couldn't find any explanation for who made them or why they were there. Google solves the mini-mystery: they're by Judy Moonelis.
Almost all Jewish people in the U.S. are either Ashkenazi or Sephardic. Ashkenazi Jews trace their ancestry to central or eastern Europe, while Sephardic people lived in the Iberian peninsula, until they were expelled by Ferdinand and Isabella. However, they are not the only European Judaic traditions. Tucked away on Broome Street in the Lower East Side is the only synagogue in the Western Hemisphere serving Romaniote Jews, a distinct, ancient, Greek community.
The congregation of Kehila Kedosha Janina occupies a modest 1927 building, currently one of the last active synagogues on the Lower East Side. And since 1997 the building has also housed a museum on its upstairs floor– open only on Sundays as of this review– presenting photographs and artifacts describing the community and its traditions.
The Romaniote Museum
As in all traditional Jewish temples, women worship separately, in this case upstairs. The second floor features seating arranged around a narrow, boardroom-table-sized opening that looks down to the main level. Above, a massive skylight offers plenty of daylight. The museum arrays its exhibits (and a modest book and gift shop) around the perimeter of this room. Chintz curtained windows look quaint but, blocked by neighboring apartment buildings, now house wall texts and display cases.
Exhibits speak to the life on the Lower East Side, telling familiar yet distinct stories of balancing assimilation while still retaining elements of a distinctive cultural heritage: language, food, stories.
The Old Country (Stella David (Rubenstein) )
It felt somewhat like visiting a stranger's attic, or a collective attic, with all sorts of stuff families from the congregation have donated. Some beautiful things, some mundane.
The New Country
The museum also speaks to what happened to the Romaniotes in Greece during the Holocaust. The short answer is, 87 percent of their population was wiped out. A wall text says that even the memory of the Romaniote presence is lost in many Greek cities and towns. So places like Kehila Kedosha Janina have an especially strong burden to preserve what might otherwise be lost.
This museum reminded me a bit of the Bayside Historical Society, or perhaps the City Island Nautical Museum. It is perhaps a museum of greater interest and importance to its own community–people who already know the story–than it is to outside visitors.
Who Should Visit the Kehila Kedosha Janina Museum?
Kehila Kedosha Janina speaks to the lives and times of a very specific group of people. The best line on the KKJ website is, "Learn about a people you never knew existed." I think one should always seize opportunities to do that. Moreover, the Romaniote experience on the Lower East Side serves as a proxy for the experiences of all the many other huddled masses who yearned to breathe free there in the late 1800s and early 1900s.
That said, the museum is a bit of a jumble. I think this place needs a guide. Someone from the congregation could personalize the stories and illuminate the artifacts and photographs. I didn't have a guide; two elderly gents holding court downstairs just waved me on up when I asked about the museum. Its small size and rather haphazard presentation mean I probably wouldn't recommend it to the general museum-goer.
The Museum at Eldridge Street is a wonder of religious architecture, and it excels at relating the Jewish Lower East Side experience. But it's a special case, a very rich congregation that wanted an iconic showpiece. I'm sure the humble Kehila Kedosha Janina building better represents how most Lower East Side Jews worshipped.
If you're passionately interested in Jewish New York, or the Lower East Side, then visiting this place makes sense. And if you're going to the Museum at Eldridge Street and want a contrasting view, consider a side trip to the Kehila Kedosha Janina Museum.
280 Broome Street, Manhattan (between Allen and Eldridge Streets)
kkjsm.org
The Lo-Down article on the sculptures of Judy Moonelis
CategoriesUncategorized Tagsculture, history, judaica, lowereastside, manhattan
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text:
require "prawn"

module Prawn
  module Grouping

    # Groups a given block vertiacally within the current context, if possible.
    #
    # Parameters are:
    #
    # <tt>options</tt>:: A hash for grouping options.
    #     <tt>:too_tall</tt>:: A proc called before the content is rendered and
    #                          does not fit a single context.
    #     <tt>:fits_new_context</tt>:: A proc called before the content is
    #                                  rendered and does fit a single context.
    #     <tt>:fits_current_context</tt>:: A proc called before the content is
    #                                      rendered and does fit context.
    #
    def group(options = {}, &b)
      too_tall             = options[:too_tall]
      fits_new_context     = options[:fits_new_context]
      fits_current_context = options[:fits_current_context]

      # create a temporary document with current context and offset
      pdf = create_box_clone
      pdf.y = y
      pdf.instance_exec pdf, &b

      if pdf.page_count > 1
        # create a temporary document without offset
        pdf = create_box_clone
        pdf.instance_exec pdf, &b

        if pdf.page_count > 1
          # does not fit new context
          too_tall.call if too_tall
          b.call(self)
        else
          fits_new_context.call if fits_new_context
          bounds.move_past_bottom
          b.call(self)
        end
        return false
      else
        # just render it
        fits_current_context.call if fits_current_context
        b.call(self)
        return true
      end
    end

    private

    def create_box_clone
      Prawn::Document.new(:page_size => state.page.size, :page_layout => state.page.layout) do |pdf|
        pdf.margin_box = @bounding_box.dup
        pdf.text_formatter = @text_formatter.dup
        pdf.font_families.update font_families
        pdf.font font.family
        pdf.font_size font_size
        pdf.default_leading = default_leading
      end
    end
  end
end

Prawn::Document.extensions << Prawn::Grouping

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The Sport Dispute Resolution Centre of Canada (SDRCC) issued a decision on Tuesday 23 April in the arbitration process between the Canadian Soccer Association and the Canadian Soccer League (CSL). It was found that the Canadian Soccer Association, in accordance to its By-laws, did have the authority to withdraw sanctioning it had previously granted to the Canadian Soccer League.
SDRCC determined that the timelines provided by the Canadian Soccer Association to the CSL in the de-sanctioning process did not provide the league with reasonable opportunity to seek other sanctioning and review its operations for the 2013 season. It has therefore extended the de-sanctioning deadline. As a result, the Canadian Soccer League will be allowed to operate for a 2013 season; its de-sanctioning by the Canadian Soccer Association withstands and will now be effective at the end of the upcoming season.


Rivalry week is officially underway in East Lansing.
While the Michigan State Spartans have not had the success they were hoping for this season, you know the team will be ready to welcome the No. 2 Michigan Wolverines to town on Saturday.
In anticipation of the rivalry, the Spartans are already playing some mind games throughout the week.
Most recently, Michigan State head coach Mark Dantonio took a page out of Jim Harbaugh's playbook and decided against releasing the depth chart for this week's game.
Michigan State removed its weekly depth chart from its game notes for the Michigan game. It's rivalry week.
Michigan State will need as much magic as possible this weekend if there is going to be any chance of upending the Wolverines.
Kickoff between the Spartans and Wolverines is set for noon ET on ESPN.


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Joe Biden goes to church. Politics remains outside
Congrats, America, you elected a female vice president. Now put a woman in your pulpit.
Religion News Service: While women are changing the world of electoral politics, their progress in the world of religion is downright glacial.
Joe Biden goes to church. Politics remains outside.*
The Washington Post: Because the cameras don't follow him into the sanctuary, the broader public doesn't have the opportunity to observe Biden in prayer or devotion. And so the performative nature of the outing is reduced.
Trump's new religious exemptions for employers an invitation to discriminate, critics say
NBC News: With just six weeks left in his term, President Donald Trump looks to cement his legacy on religious liberty.
Kim Jackson: The Black lesbian pastor headed to Georgia's state Senate
Sojourners: In November, Rev. Kim Jackson, an Episcopal priest, won a seat representing Georgia's District 41 in the state Senate.
Isolated for the holidays? You should feast anyway.*
Christian Century: Even during a pandemic, feasting is central to Christian worship.
at 9.12.20

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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THREE BILLBOARDS OUTSIDE EBBING, MISSOURI is a darkly comic drama from Academy Award winner Martin McDonagh (In Bruges). After months have passed without a culprit in her daughter's murder case, Mildred Hayes (Academy Award winner Frances McDormand) makes a bold move, painting three signs leading into her town with a controversial message directed at William Willoughby (Academy Award nominee Woody Harrelson), the town's revered chief of police. When his second-in-command Officer Dixon (Sam Rockwell), an immature mother's boy with a penchant for violence, gets involved, the battle between Mildred and Ebbing's law enforcement is only exacerbated.
Frances McDormand - Mildred
Caleb Landry Jones - Red Welby
Kerry Condon - Pamela
Sam Rockwell - Dixon
Alejandro Barrios - Latino
Jason Redford - Latino #2
Darrell Britt-Gibson - Jerome
Woody Harrelson - Willoughby
Abbie Cornish - Anne
Riya May Atwood - Polly
Selah Atwood - Jane
Lucas Hedges - Robbie
Zeljko Ivanek - Desk Sergeant (as Zeljko Ivanek)
Amanda Warren - Denise
Malaya Rivera Drew - Gabriella
Official Website: Frances McDormand To Star In Martin McDonagh's Next Film, | Official Site |
Filming Locations: Asheville, North Carolina, USA
Abbie Cornish, Sam Rockwell, Zeljko Ivanek and Woody Harrelson had worked with Martin McDonagh in Seven Psychopaths (2012). See more »
What a movie and what great acting. Frances McDormand has done amazing job and deserves awards for playing Mildred Hayes. Although a very serious subject, this movie is a comedy.
The punch lines are to the point and absolutely hilarious. I went to the Toronto International Film Festival to watch this movie and boy, do I consider myself lucky to have decided to watch it.
The story, screenplay, direction are amazing. After The Grand Budapest Hotel, this movie comes as a breath of fresh air.


This is a project for which we were asked to work on a landscape that was done by two other landscape architects before. It was a challenging affair with very specific requirements, time frame and with pre-exiting landscape. We worked with four courts and are sharing the before and after images of some of those courts. The gardens were completed about a year back. The happy part of the story is that the client still remembers us every New Year gift every year after completion.
ZingyEdit: Vibrant white sculptures have been placed in the front, as a metaphor of aesthetics over the hardscape.
ZingyEdit: Another perspective featuring the abstract white sculptures composed across the courtyard hardscape.
ZingyEdit: The walkway comprises of geometrical concrete pavers along with patches of grass, edged by trees.
ZingyEdit: The image features a perspective of the existing condition of the courtyard.
ZingyEdit: Featuring a linear array of trees, placed along a layer of pebbles complementing the alternate concrete pavers.
ZingyEdit: Shrubs planted along the screen, form a part of this manicured lawn.
ZingyEdit: Another perspective to the landscaped lawn, featuring a pebbled lawn edged along the grassy patch.


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Feds will investigate deadly Tesla crash in California
Posted: Dec 31, 2019 / 11:35 PM EST / Updated: Jan 1, 2020 / 01:09 AM EST
FILE – In this July 8, 2018, file photo, clouds are reflected above the company logo on the hood of a Tesla vehicle outside a showroom in Littleton, Colo. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration is investigating the crash of a speeding Tesla that killed two people in a Los Angeles suburb, the agency announced Tuesday, Dec. 31, 2019. (AP Photo/David Zalubowski, File)
GARDENA, Calif. (AP) — The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration is investigating the crash of a speeding Tesla that killed two people in a Los Angeles suburb, the agency announced Tuesday.
Agency spokesman Sean Rushton wouldn't say whether the Tesla Model S was on Autopilot when it crashed on Dec. 29 in Gardena. That system is designed to automatically change lanes and keep a safe distance from other vehicles.
The black Tesla had left a freeway and was moving at a high rate of speed when it ran a red light and slammed into a Honda Civic at an intersection, police said.
A man and woman in the Civic died at the scene.
A man and woman in the Tesla were hospitalized with non-life threatening injuries. No arrests were immediately made.
An NHTSA statement said the agency has assigned its special crash investigation team to inspect the car and the crash scene. That team has inspected a total of 13 crashes involving Tesla vehicles that the agency believed were operating on the Autopilot system. Results were published in two of those cases, one of which involved Autopilot. Results are pending in the other 10 cases, the agency said in a statement.
Messages were left Tuesday night seeking comment from Tesla.
Another Tesla crash killed a woman Sunday in Indiana. State police said the driver, Derrick N. Monet, 25, of Prescott Valley, Arizona, was seriously injured after he rear-ended a fire truck parked along Interstate 70 in Putnam County. His wife, Jenna N. Monet, 23, was pronounced dead at a hospital.
Derrick Monet told investigators he regularly uses his Tesla's Autopilot mode, but didn't recall whether he had it activated at the time of the accident, state police Sgt. Matt Ames said.
Earlier this month, a Tesla struck a police cruiser and a disabled vehicle in Connecticut but nobody was seriously hurt. The driver told state police that he was using the Autopilot system and had looked around to check on his dog in the back seat.
Both Tesla and the NHTSA have advised that advanced driver assist systems such as Autopilot aren't entirely autonomous but require human drivers to pay attention at all times. But several crashes — some fatal — have been blamed on driver inattention linked to overconfidence in such systems. In one crash report, the National Transportation Safety Board referred to it as "automation complacency."
The National Transportation Safety Board has criticized Tesla's Autopilot. In September, that agency said that in a 2018 crash in Culver City where a Tesla hit a fire truck, the design of the Autopilot system "permitted the driver to disengage from the driving task." Nobody was hurt in that accident.
The NTSB determined in September 2017 that design limitations of the Tesla Model S Autopilot played a major role in a May 2016 fatal crash in Florida involving a vehicle operating under Autopilot. But it blamed the crash on an inattentive Tesla driver's over reliance on technology and a truck driver who made a left turn in front of the car.
by KELVIN CHAN, Associated Press / Jan 20, 2020
LONDON (AP) — Google's chief executive called Monday for a balanced approach to regulating artificial intelligence, telling a European audience that the technology brings benefits but also "negative consequences."
Sundar Pichai's comments come as lawmakers and governments seriously consider putting limits on how artificial intelligence is used.
by MARI YAMAGUCHI, Associated Press / Jan 20, 2020
TOKYO (AP) — Japan's prime minister said Monday that his country will form a space defense unit to protect itself from potential threats as rivals develop missiles and other technology and the new unit will work closely with its American counterpart recently launched by President Donald Trump.
The Space Domain Mission Unit will start in April as part of Japan's Air Self-Defense Force, Prime Minister Shinzo Abesaid in a policy speech marking the start of the year's parliamentary session.
by MARCIA DUNN, Associated Press / Jan 19, 2020
CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. (AP) — Astronauts launched by SpaceX in coming months will ride to their rockets in high fashion. Instead of using a retro-style astrovan, SpaceX crews will travel to the launch pad in Tesla sports cars.
Elon Musk, who also runs both SpaceX and the electric car company, used Teslas to get around Kennedy Space Center for Sunday's launch escape test. No one was aboard for the test flight, just two mannequins. But during a launch dress rehearsal Friday, the two NASA astronauts assigned to the first SpaceX crew got a lift to the pad in a Tesla Model X.


text:
Double Take
Jacob Mikanowski
Dir. Johan Grimonprez
The documentary Double Take is bookended by two of the scariest moments in American history: the launch of Sputnik and the release of The Birds. It suggests that these events had a great deal to do with one another. In their collage-essay on the work of Alfred Hitchock and the Cold War, the director, Johan Grimonprez, and his screenwriter, novelist Tom McCarthy, manage to implicate Hitchcock in a number of crimes and misdemeanors, from hawking sub-par coffee to instigating his own murder.
The bulk of Double Take is made up of archival footage, much of it from Hitchcock's 1950s television show, Alfred Hitchcock Presents. Television plays a crucial role in the theodicy of Double Take. It represents Hitchcock's fall from grace, the moment he yielded to the commercialism of the small screen and succumbed to its culture of fear-mongering and domestic paranoia. The rest of the archival footage is assembled along those lines: over-the-top Folger's Coffee ads, anxious dispatches from the Cuban Missile Crisis, nuclear test blasts, and Communists at play.
Doubling and doppelgangers form the other major preoccupation of Double Take, illustrated with footage of Hitchcock pretending to play himself and an interview with a contemporary Hitchcock impersonator. These Borgesian dream-elements can seem at odds with the more political Cold War material; a fictional story penned by McCarthy, in which Hitchcock meets his double during the filming of Birds and has to ward of his murderous designs, helps to tie them together.
But without a unifying narration, Double Take can feel like a patchwork. It is given its structure by a series of formal rhymes among its elements: satellites over our heads turn into birds in our attic; the coffee advertised in one segment reappears as a murder weapon in another. The doubled Hitchcock mirrors the Hitchcock double, who in turn reflects Hitchcock pretending to play himself.
These associations add up to a fairly sustained, if implicit, argument about media, medium and fear. It runs something like this: Hitchcock, by opting to do television, mass-marketed fear at the same time as Cold War paranoia was reaching its greatest intensity. When he returned to film, his new projects – Psycho (1960) and The Birds (1963) – were colored by the crassness of television and the climate of terror it had helped foster. Hitchcock was guilty (metaphorically) of betraying his medium and bringing the world closer to thermonuclear war. A few images from today's war on terror over the final credits remind us that his (or television's) baleful impact is still with us today.
That at least is the story told by the assemblage of images. Watching the film, it seemed to me that the footage itself was telling another story. Things that were meant to be menacing seemed benign, even charming. Khrushchev, arguing the merits of washing machines and color TV with Richard Nixon at the kitchen debate looks like Don Rickles as dressed by Colonel Sanders, and seems about as threatening. Imagine how civilized it would feel if we could send Joe Biden to debate women's wear in an Afghan Cave. There is a whole other documentary waiting to be made out of the footage of Khrushchev frolicking in the snow with Fidel Castro. If the thesis of the movie is that the reality of the East/West conflict was overblown, stoked by the manipulations of the small screen, the footage seems to argue the opposite – the geopolitics were real, but the televised conflict was a fake: a long burlesque act of shaken fingers and bear hugs.
Grimonprez exercises a deft hand in editing the archival footage, which is uniformly compelling, down to the hilarious Folger's ads in which a series of Don Draperish husbands inspire panic in their wives with their impossible demands for quality instant coffee.
McCarthy's fictional outing holds up less well, in large part because of his tin ear for Hitchcock's speech. One of the best things about Alfred Hitchcock Presents was that it provided a showcase for Hitchcock's Jeevesian wit and gift for comic understatement. McCarthy makes him sound like a Paul Auster novel. After listening to the alt-Hitchcock describe "arabesques of cigar smoke" and complain of feeling "reality slipping away… like I was a character in someone's film," I half-expected him to open an unlined journal and stare at its pages in po-faced wonder.
McCarthy's short story aligns with the rest of Double Take in attempting to portray Hitchcock as a purveyor of existential dread and un-localizable disquiet in the manner of Samuel Beckett or Alain Resnais. Again, this seems to be belied by the footage. In person, Hitchcock comes across as something of a vaudeville ham, while in his films he operated as a master manipulator, but not a terribly subtle one. Hitchcock is often described as treating murder as if it were a love affair; that's at least in part because he perceived our desire to be scared to be the twin of our desire to be aroused, and both as part of the lewdness of everyday life.
Taken as a serious critique of television and the politics of fear, Double Take can seem facile. As an elaborate post-modern game of quotation and refraction it is more successful, and more enjoyable. But then it pales next to the greatest imaginative re-working of Hitchcock, Peter Greenaway's The Falls. Now suffering from critical neglect, The Falls took the horror of The Birds and elevated it to the status of myth with its equation of avian catastrophe with the tower of Babel. Double Take doesn't approach it in suggesting that some events and some fears, like the crows at Bodega Bay, can shatter language.
Double Take may not reach as high, but it does offer ninety minutes in Hitchcock's company, and a welcome opportunity to revisit A.H. Presents. I still remember the episode in which a housewife kills her husband with a frozen leg of lamb, and then feeds it to the detectives sent to question her. At nine, I thought it was the cleverest thing I had ever seen. Twenty years later, I'd rather watch Hitchcock bury the evidence than anyone else dig it up.
Tags: Alfred HitchcockDouble TakeGrimonprezThe Falls
— Jacob Mikanowski
Jacob Mikanowski is a graduate student in modern European history at U.C. Berkeley, currently living in Warsaw. He writes about television, film, and the worst of the twentieth century. His work also appears in Bookslut.
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Blue Is the Warmest Color 2: A Response to Lorrie Moore's Review in the New York Review of Books January 10, 2014
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With social media now a big part of our daily lives, you also need to consider how you are presented as part of your job search. One thing that is guaranteed is that potential employers and recruiters will search for you online. So THE most important aspect of any social media profile that is open to being viewed is having a suitable profile picture that you are happy for employers and recruiters to view. So, what kind of photograph should you be using when you are looking for a new job?
This is quite possibly the most important thing to remember. Whilst LinkedIn is a social media network, it is most definitely not the same sort of profile as Facebook, Twitter or Instagram, so photographs suitable for those are generally not going to impress on LinkedIn. A selfie is one thing, but make sure the picture is professional!
Your profile is exactly that: yours! You want to make it clear who you are, if your photo is of a group of people, it might give the impression that you are more inclined to disappear in the crowd. It is good to show that you are comfortable with in a group, but there's a time and place to do this, and your professional profile picture is not it.
If there is a distracting background, the focus will likely be taken from you. If this is going to be the case, make sure it is for the right reasons. If the photograph is of you volunteering at a charity event, make sure that this is clear and not confusing so that it sends the right message. Your profile picture doesn't necessarily have to echo a passport photo with completely blank surroundings, but if there are other things going on, make sure they are things that you would be comfortable discussing with a future employer.
This once again comes back to how you want employers to view you. It is important to remember that you don't necessarily have to be wearing a suit, but you still want to maintain some level of professionalism. A lot of people will opt for a photo where they are in formal dress as it automatically strikes a tone, but it isn't the only way to achieve an 'employable' look, and not necessarily relevant if you do not wear a suit to work!
Everyone warms to people who look friendly, and the simplest way to achieve this in a photograph is with a smile. Let's face it, would you really want to hire someone who is scowling? Or worse still, duck-facing selfie-style?
Ideally, your photo should be a recent one, taken no longer than 18 months prior to your application. If the person that turns up to the interview looks completely different, this could potentially lead to some very awkward questions!
This goes beyond the photo but is worth a mention. When viewing your profile photo and reading your CV, your employer will automatically begin to imagine how you will fit into their team. Whatever types of role you are applying for, make sure that every aspect of your profile/CV gives the right impression.
Hope this advice helps and good luck in your job search!


Amazon Web Services now offers a new feature, allowing users to harvest the power of an actual supercomputing cluster, and is aimed at researchers. The service has been titled "Cluster Compute", and is based on a service that Amazon offered a while back called Elastic Compute Cloud. One of the best parts is that they've retained their policy on scaling payments with usage – that is, if you don't use that much computing power, you won't have to pay much in bills either.
For those of you with a more geeky side, here are some raw stats about what this new service is capable of: a cluster with 880 nodes managed to reach a staggering 41.82 teraflops (which is the measurement for a computer's ability to perform floating-point calculations per second) when put through the Linpack mathematical speed test. If you want some comparison, the machine which ranked #145 in a recent list of the top 500 fastest supercomputers was performing at around 41.88 teraflops.
If you want to get your hands on all of this power, the price is $1.60/hour for a single instance. There are some discount packages as well, for example a $4,290 annual package or a $6,590 3-year deal.


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Q: Difference between Gravity.END and Gravity.RIGHT in android? I am trying to show a dialog at the right top corner of the screen with the following line in my Activity class:
dialog.getWindow().getAttributes().gravity= Gravity.RIGHT|Gravity.TOP

This works fine. But when i checked the code for any inconsistency by running Lint on my project it shows a suggestion stating

Use "'Gravity.END'" instead of "'Gravity.RIGHT'" to ensure correct behavior in right-to-left locales

My question:
What is the difference between Gravity.END and Gravity.RIGHT and what does right-to-left locales mean?
TIA

A: You may not use gravity="right", but gravity="end" instead, the same idea you apply to gravity="left" which you may use gravity="start", as well as layout_marginStart instead of layout_marginLeft. Android will put the text to the "start" orientation, depending on the location. (for many of us, we start to write from the left and we end on the right, but arabians start from the right and end on the left).
Read more about this here

A: According to this issue tracker, it is a bug which was fixed in Android Studio 0.8.10 recently.
The option to disable this inspection can be found under Project Settings | Inspections | Android Lint | Unsing left/right instead of start/end attributes. So you can simply disable it for the whole project by unchecking the box.

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text:
ETSI EN 301 753 V1.2.1 (2003-12)
Fixed Radio Systems; Multipoint equipment and antennas; Generic harmonized standard for multipoint digital fixed radio systems and antennas covering the essential requirements under article 3.2 of the Directive 1999/5/EC
TM 4 2
REN/TM-04127
Fiksni radijski sistemi – Večtočkovna oprema in antene – Splošni harmonizirani standard za večtočkovne digitalne fiksne radijske sisteme in antene, ki zajema bistvene zahteve člena 3.2 direktive 1999-05-ES (R&TTE)
TM 4 2 - TM Point-to-Mulipoint Systems
13 - TB decision to make document historical
SIST EN 301 753 V1.2.1:2004 - Fixed Radio Systems; Multipoint equipment and antennas; Generic harmonized standard for multipoint digital fixed radio systems and antennas covering the essential requirements under article 3.2 of the Directive 1999/5/EC
EN 301 753 V1.2.1:2004
SIST EN 301 753 V1.2.1:2004
01-julij-2004
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Fixed Radio Systems; Multipoint equipment and antennas; Generic harmonized standard
for multipoint digital fixed radio systems and antennas covering the essential
requirements under article 3.2 of the Directive 1999/5/EC
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 301 753 Version 1.2.1
33.060.30 Radiorelejni in fiksni satelitski Radio relay and fixed satellite
komunikacijski sistemi communications systems
SIST EN 301 753 V1.2.1:2004 en
Candidate Harmonized European Standard (Telecommunications series)
Fixed Radio Systems;
Multipoint equipment and antennas;
Generic harmonized standard
for multipoint digital fixed radio systems
and antennas covering the essential requirements
under article 3.2 of the Directive 1999/5/EC
2 ETSI EN 301 753 V1.2.1 (2003-12)
access, DRRS, DFRS, FWA, multipoint, radio,
regulation, RLL, terminal
650 Route des Lucioles
F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE
Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16
Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C
Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la
Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88
Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from:
http://www.etsi.org
The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or
perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF).
In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive
within ETSI Secretariat.
Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status.
Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at
http://portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp
If you find errors in the present document, send your comment to:
editor@etsi.org
No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission.
The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2003.
TM TM TM
DECT , PLUGTESTS and UMTS are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members.
TIPHON and the TIPHON logo are Trade Marks currently being registered by ETSI for the benefit of its Members.
3GPP is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners.
Intellectual Property Rights................................................................................................................................4
Foreword.............................................................................................................................................................4
Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................5
1 Scope......................................................................................................................................................10
2 References..............................................................................................................................................14
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations .................................................................................................17
3.1 Definitions........................................................................................................................................................17
3.2 Symbols............................................................................................................................................................18
3.3 Abbreviations...................................................................................................................................................18
4 Essential requirements............................................................................................................................19
4.1 General.............................................................................................................................................................19
4.2 Environmental specifications and tests.............................................................................................................20
4.3 Wide radio-frequency band covering units specification and tests ..................................................................20
4.3.1 Radio equipment.........................................................................................................................................20
4.3.2 Antennas for FDRS.....................................................................................................................................22
4.4 Specification and testing of multi-rate/multi-format equipment ......................................................................23
4.5 Transmitting phenomena..................................................................................................................................23
4.5.1 Frequency error/stability (radio frequency tolerance).................................................................................23
4.5.2 Transmitter power.......................................................................................................................................24
4.5.3 Adjacent channel power (Spectrum mask) .................................................................................................25
4.5.3.1 Spectrum mask and discrete CW lines..................................................................................................25
4.5.3.2 Remote Transmit Power Control (RTPC).............................................................................................28
4.5.4 Spurious emissions.....................................................................................................................................29
4.5.5 Transient behaviour of the transmitter (ATPC and RFC) ...........................................................................29
4.5.5.1 Automatic Transmit Power Control (ATPC) ........................................................................................29
4.5.5.2 Remote Frequency Control (RFC) ........................................................................................................30
4.6 Directional phenomena.....................................................................................................................................30
4.6.1 Off-axis EIRP density (Radiation Pattern Envelope)..................................................................................30
4.6.2 Antenna gain...............................................................................................................................................36
4.7 Receiving phenomena......................................................................................................................................41
4.7.1 Maximum usable sensitivity including duplex (BER as a function of receiver input signal level) ............41
4.7.2 Co-channel interference sensitivity (Co-channel rejection)........................................................................42
4.7.3 Adjacent channel selectivity (Adjacent channel interference sensitivity)...................................................43
4.7.4 Blocking or desensitization including duplex (CW Spurious Interference)................................................44
4.8 Control and monitoring functions ....................................................................................................................46
4.8.1 Sharing protocols (Interference avoidance requirement) ............................................................................46
Annex A (normative): The EN Requirements Table (EN-RT)...................................................................47
A.1 Tables of essential requirements under article 3.2 of the 1999/5/EC Directive .....................................47
Annex B (informative): The EN title in the official languages ...................................................................50
History ..............................................................................................................................................................51
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
This Candidate Harmonized European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by ETSI Technical
Committee Transmission and Multiplexing (TM).
The present document has been produced by ETSI in response to a mandate from the European Commission issued
under Council Directive 98/34/EC [2] (as amended) laying down a procedure for the provision of information in the
field of technical standards and regulations.
The present document is intended to become a Harmonized Standard, the reference of which will be published in the
Official Journal of the European Communities referencing the Directive 1999/5/EC [1] of the European Parliament and
of the Council of 9 March 1999 on radio equipment and telecommunications terminal equipment and the mutual
recognition of their conformity ("the R&TTE Directive").
The previous V1.1.1 the present document has become a Harmonized Standard, the reference of which has been
published in the Official Journal of the European Communities (OJEC) referencing the Directive 1999/5/EC [1] of the
European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 1999 on radio equipment and telecommunications terminal
equipment and the mutual recognition of their conformity ("the R&TTE Directive").
The present document intends to endorse, within the scope and applicability under the R&TTE Directive [1], some new
product standards and revisions of existing product standards. These have been produced by TC-TM, following the
market demand, after the publication in the OJEC of the V1.1.1 of the present document.
For systems already covered by V1.1.1 of the present document, only technically equivalent requirements have been
introduced by V1.2.1. Therefore, from a technical point of view only, it is expected that equipment already conforming
to V1.1.1, would not need re-assessment of the essential requirements for V1.2.1; however, legal implications on the
actual declaration of conformity and equipment labelling are outside the scope of the present document.
In addition, justification has been introduced in order to support clarification of issues relating to antennas and receiver
parameters, commonly shared in the Fixed Service community, in their application and relationship to R&TTE
Directive [1] implementation. This is with the intention of preserving a common understanding of those issues, in the
spirit of maintaining market competition on equitable level.
In the present document the references to antenna cross-polar discrimination have been deleted because it is not
considered an essential requirement for multipoint systems.
NOTE: The date of cessation of presumption of conformity to R&TTE Directive [1] shall be two years after the
date of publication in the OJEC of V1.2.1.
National transposition dates
Date of adoption of this EN: 28 November 2003
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 29 February 2004
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 31 August 2004
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 28 February 2006
Fixed Digital Radio Systems (FDRS), used in European countries, are presently referred to in a relatively large number
of specific ETSI standards dealing with either point-to-point or multipoint systems.
For both types of systems the corresponding antennas are covered in separate standards.
FDRS cover very wide range of frequency bands, transport capacities, channel separations, modulation formats and
access methods summarized in table 1:
Table 1: Coverage of fixed digital radio systems through ETSI standards
Parameter Range/Type
Frequency bands below 1 GHz to 58 GHz
Traffic capacities from 9,6 kbit/s to 622 Mbit/s
Channel separations from 25 kHz to 112 MHz
Modulation formats from 2 to 512 states (amplitude and/or phase and/or frequency states)
Typical applications POINT-TO-POINT (P-P) CONNECTIONS:
long haul (trunk), rural and urban links applying low/medium and high capacity
FDRS.
POINT-TO-MULTIPOINT (P-MP) AND/OR MULTIPOINT-TO-MULTIPOINT
(MP-MP) CONNECTIONS:
rural or urban for narrow-band and /or wide-band links for fixed wireless access
(FWA) and infrastructure support.
STAND ALONE ANTENNAS:
for all the above applications where integral antennas are not used.
Basic MultiPoint access DS-CDMA; FH-CDMA; FDMA, TDMA; MC-TDMA.
method A combination of the above may also be used.
In order to address different market and network requirements, with appropriate balance of cost/benefit, the ETSI
standards summarized in table 2 offer a number of system types and antenna alternatives, for different network/market
Under the provision of R&TTE Directive [1] article 7.2, national regulatory bodies may restrict the putting into service
of particular system and antenna alternatives summarized in table 2, e.g.:
• channel separation alternatives (as provided by the relevant CEPT Recommendation)
• spectral efficiency class alternatives (different complexity of modulation formats provided in radio equipment
standards)
• antenna directivity class alternatives (for different network density requirement) for TS and/or RS
• antenna sectorization alternatives for CS
Therefore, it should be noted that national regulatory bodies may have notified "national interface specifications" under
the provision of R&TTE Directive [1] Article 4.1.
The standards also contain other requirements that even if not considered essential for the R&TTE Directive [1], are
nevertheless applicable to guarantee good performance and operability of FDRS.
This wide range of parameters has led to a large number of different ETS/ENs (presently the subject of EC
Standardization Mandate M/284 [34]). Many of the standards are produced for similar systems but having different
capacity and spectrum efficiency parameters for applications in the various radio frequency channel arrangements
recommended by CEPT/ECC. It is also expected that other standards will be developed in the future to cover emerging
technologies and/or new frequency bands.
From the point of view of essential requirements under the R&TTE Directive [1] all these systems are very similar in
the "principles of parameters" but, besides few common horizontal parameters (e.g. spurious emissions), they differ in
the "required numerical values".
Multipoint systems and their related equipment as defined by ETSI TC-TM TM4 follow the general system architecture
shown in figure 1.
Customer Premises
NNI
TSTS TETE
Core TSTS TETE
CSCS
SwNeitctwhingork
RSRS
otherother
CSCSss
Omnidirectional or
sectorial antenna
TETE TETE
Figure 1: General system architecture
CS: The Central Station, which interfaces the network. It can be integrated or divided into two units:
i) the Central Controller Station (CCS) also called the exchange unit which is the interface to the local
switch;
ii) the Central Radio Station (CRS) also called the radio unit which is the central base band / radio
transceiver equipment. More than one CRS may be controlled by one CCS.
TS: The Terminal Station (outstations with subscriber interfaces). A TS may serve more than one Terminal
Equipment (TE).
RS: The Repeater Station (radio repeater outstations with or without subscriber interfaces). An RS may serve one
or more TS or be connected to another RS.
NNI: Network Node Interface
SNI: Service Node Interface (EG 202 306 [38])
UNI: User Network Interface (EG 202 306 [38])
TE: Terminal equipment
Figure 1 shows the most common and standardized approach for access network application; however when broadcast
or private networks are concerned, different architectures are possible. For example the CS may be directly connected to
the Core Network by means of a NNI interface and the switching functionality may be implemented within the CS
(e.g. CS is an ATM switching into an ATM network) and, for private networks, the UNI interfaces may be substituted
by custom interfaces.
Whenever an existing digital transmission link is available, the network implementation can be optimized by separating
the CCS, installed at the network node site, and the CRS.
Figure 1 includes the system elements and interfaces for different types of Multipoint system (both P-MP and MP-MP).
Not all system elements are necessarily deployed in any particular network.
The numbers of each type of station in a real deployment can vary considerably. Figure 1 shows only each possible type
of station and each possible type of connection between stations that may occur. While in P-MP applications there are
typically few CS and RS connecting large number of TS, in a typical MP-MP system, there are many RS stations and a
smaller number of TS stations associated with each CS.
Although a single CS is possible, as shown, a typical system will deploy several CS, each with connection to the SNI of
the local switching centre or directly to the NNI of the core network(s). These interconnections may be by means of
radio links, optical fibre or other means.
The route from the SNI to the UNI interface may be via a single radio path (typical for P-MP systems) or via one or
more radio repeaters (typical for MP-MP systems).
Subscriber to subscriber connections may also be provided in some networks, not routed via an external core network.
The present document for multipoint systems contains only the phenomena relevant to the essential requirements
according to article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive [1], giving the reference of the relevant clauses of the ETSI standards
under the Mandate M/284 [34] which contain the actual numerical values. The relevant test methods for the declaration
of conformity to the essential requirements (R&TTE Directive [1]) are described in the ENs 301 126-2-1 [26],
301 126-2-2 [27], 301 126-2-3 [28], 301 126-2-4 [29], 301 126-2-5 [30] and 301 126-2-6 [39] applicable for the
different access methods of multipoint systems.
Where appropriate some horizontal requirements are directly reported.
The selection of the phenomena relevant to the essential requirements has been done on the base of the guidance given
by EG 201 399 [35] and by the further specific analysis applied to FDRS given in TR 101 506 [36].
ETSI has designed a modular structure for the standards. Each standard is a module in the structure. The modular
structure is shown in figure 2.
Disability*
3.3f
Emergency*
No harm to the network*
* If needed
Scoped by
Interworking via the network*
3.3a class or type
Interworking with the network
Use of spectrum
New radio harmonized standards
Scoped by frequency and/or equipment type
Radio Product EMC
EN 301 489 multi-part EMC standard
Generic and product standards also notified under EMC Directive
- If needed, new standards for human exposure to
Electromagnetic Fields,
- if needed, new standards for acoustic safety
Standards also notified under LV Directive
( incl acoustic safety if needed)
Non-radio Radio (RE)
TTE Non-TTE
Scope of the present document : any multipoint FDRS
and antennas in all frequency bands, except the band 40,5-43,5 GHz
Figure 2: Modular structure for the various standards used under the R&TTE Directive
The left hand edge of the figure 2 shows the different clauses of Article 3 of the R&TTE Directive [1].
For article 3.3 various horizontal boxes are shown. Dotted lines indicate that at the time of publication of the present
document essential requirements in these areas have to be adopted by the European Commission. If such essential
requirements are adopted, and as far and as long as they are applicable, they will justify individual standards whose
scope is likely to be specified by function or interface type.
The vertical boxes show the standards under article 3.2 for the use of the radio spectrum by radio equipment. The
scopes of these standards are specified either by frequency (normally in the case where frequency bands are
harmonized) or by radio equipment type.
For article 3.1b the diagram shows EN 301 489, the multi-part product EMC standard for radio used under the EMC
Directive [40].
For article 3.1a the diagram shows the existing safety standards currently used under the LV Directive [41] and new
standards covering human exposure to electromagnetic fields. New standards covering acoustic safety may also be
The bottom of figure 2 shows the relationship of the standards to radio equipment and telecommunications terminal
equipment. A particular equipment may be radio equipment, telecommunications terminal equipment or both. A radio
spectrum standard will apply if it is radio equipment. An article 3.3 standard will apply as well only if the relevant
essential requirement under the R&TTE Directive [1] is adopted by the European Commission and if the equipment in
question is covered by the scope of the corresponding standard. Thus, depending on the nature of the equipment, the
essential requirements under the R&TTE Directive [1] may be covered in a set of standards.
The modularity principle has been taken because:
• it minimizes the number of standards needed. Because equipment may, in fact, have multiple interfaces and
functions it is not practicable to produce a single standard for each possible combination of functions that may
occur in an equipment;
• it provides scope for standards to be added:
- under article 3.2 when new frequency bands are agreed; or
- under article 3.3 should the European Commission take the necessary decisions without requiring
alteration of standards that are already published;
• it clarifies, simplifies and promotes the usage of Harmonized Standards as the relevant means of conformity
10 ETSI EN 301 753 V1.2.1 (2003-12)
The present document applies to the following FDRS types:
1) Multipoint FDRS intended for operation in frequency bands that require co-ordination; this includes both
Point-to-MultiPoint and MultiPoint-to-MultiPoint FDRS;
2) Antennas for multipoint FDRS and antennas for point-to-point FDRS used at the terminal and/or repeater
station of multipoint FDRS systems. These antennas may be either an integral part or may be used as a
standalone part of the equipment (outdoor unit).
For point-to-multipoint equipment operating in the frequency range below 1 GHz the limits of the essential
phenomena off-axis EIRP density, antenna gain and cross-polar discrimination as well as their test methods
may be defined by the notified body according to the R&TTE Directive [1] due to lack of a Harmonized
Standard.
The present document is intended to cover the provisions of Article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive [1] which states that
"….radio equipment shall be so constructed that it effectively uses the spectrum allocated to terrestrial/space
radiocommunications and orbital resources so as to avoid harmful interference".
In addition to the present document other ENs that specify technical requirements in respect of essential requirements
under other parts of Article 3 of the R&TTE Directive [1] may apply to equipment within the scope of the present
NOTE 1: A list of such ENs is included on the ETSI web site (www.etsi.org).
Table 2 summarizes the ETSI standards applicable to multipoint FDRS referenced in Mandate M/284 [34] from which
the essential requirements within this standard have been extracted.
Those ENs also contain other requirements that even if not considered essential for the R&TTE, are nevertheless
applicable on the ETSI commonly understood voluntary base to guarantee network performance objectives, as defined
by international standardizing bodies, and operability of FDRS.
NOTE 2: The third digit of the EN version number is not considered essential for dated reference purposes because
the ETSI Technical Working Procedures reserve this digit for editorially changed versions thereby not
affecting the essential requirements within that version.
Table 2: Applicability of the present document to the equipment
in the scope of ETSI standards covered by Mandate M/284
Equipment standards
Frequency range Channel
ETSI Reference Version Title (GHz) separation
number of Fixed Service (MHz)
frequency bands
(see note)
EN 300 631 [3] V1.2.x Fixed Radio Systems; Point-to-Point 1 to 3 NA
Antennas; Antennas for Point to point fixed
radio systems in the 1 GHz to 3 GHz band.
EN 300 636 [4] V1.3.x Fixed Radio Systems; Point-to-multipoint 1 to 3 1,75 to 4
equipment; Time Division Multiple Access
(TDMA); Point-to-multipoint digital radio
systems in frequency bands in the
range 1 GHz to 3 GHz
EN 300 833 [5] V1.4.x Fixed Radio Systems; Point-to-point Antennas; 3 to 60 NA
Antennas for point-to-point fixed radio systems
operating in the frequency band 3 to 60 GHz
EN 301 021 [6] V1.6.x Fixed Radio Systems; Point-to-multipoint 3 to 11 < 1,75 to 30
systems in frequency bands in the range
3 GHz to 11 GHz
EN 301 055 [7] V1.4.x Fixed Radio Systems; Point-to-multipoint 1 to 3 3,5 to 14
equipment; Direct Sequence Code Division
Multiple Access (DS-CDMA);
Point-to-multipoint digital radio systems in
frequency bands in the range 1 GHz to 3 GHz
EN 301 080 [8] V1.3.x Fixed Radio Systems; Point-to-multipoint 3 to 11 1 to 30
equipment; Frequency Division Multiple
Access (FDMA); Point-to-multipoint digital
radio systems in frequency bands in the
range 3 GHz to 11 GHz
Multiple Access (DS-CDMA) point-to-multipoint
digital radio systems in frequency bands in the
EN 301 179 [10] V1.2.x Fixed Radio Systems; Point-to-multipoint 1 to 3 1 to 14
equipment; Frequency Hopping Code Division
Multiple Access (FH-CDMA);
Point-to-multipoint Digital Radio Relay
Systems (DRRS) in the bands within the
EN 301 213-1 [11] V1.1.x Fixed Radio Systems; Point-to-multipoint 24,5 to 29,5 3,5 to 112
equipment;
ETSI TS 102 232-2 V3.12.1 (2020-08)
Lawful Interception (LI); Handover Interface and Service-Specific Details (SSD) for IP delivery; Part 2: Service-specific details for messaging services
RTS/LI-00190-2
ETSI TS 134 229-1 V14.8.0 (2020-04)
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); LTE; Internet Protocol (IP) multimedia call control protocol based on Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) and Session Description Protocol (SDP); User Equipment (UE) conformance specification; Part 1: Protocol conformance specification (3GPP TS 34.229-1 version 14.8.0 Release 14)
RTS/TSGR-0534229-1ve80
3GPP RAN 5
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); LTE; User Equipment (UE) conformance specification for UE positioning; Part 4: Test suites (3GPP TS 37.571-4 version 14.5.0 Release 14)
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); LTE; Internet Protocol (IP) multimedia call control protocol based on Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) and Session Description Protocol (SDP); User Equipment (UE) conformance specification; Part 3: Abstract test suite (ATS) (3GPP TS 34.229-3 version 15.4.0 Release 15)
RTS/TSGR-0534229-3vf40
ETSI TS 102 868-2 V1.5.1 (2020-04)
Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Testing; Conformance test specifications for Cooperative Awareness Basic Service (CA); Part 2: Test Suite Structure and Test Purposes (TSS & TP)
RTS/ITS-00189
ITS WG1
ETSI TS 133 127 V15.4.0 (2020-04)
LTE; 5G; Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+) (GSM); Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); Lawful Interception (LI) architecture and functions (3GPP TS 33.127 version 15.4.0 Release 15)
RTS/TSGS-0333127vf40
3GPP SA 3
Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Testing; Conformance test specifications for Cooperative Awareness Basic Service (CA); Part 3: Abstract Test Suite (ATS) and Protocol Implementation eXtra Information for Testing (PIXIT)
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); LTE; Active Antenna System (AAS) Base Station (BS) Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) (3GPP TS 37.114 version 15.8.0 Release 15)
RTS/TSGR-0437114vf80


text:
General News Sat, 22 Jun 2019
Mortal remains of NPP's CK Tedam to be laid to rest today
The mortal remains of the late statesman Clement Kubindiwo Tedam will be interred today , June 22, 2019 at his home in Paga, in the Kessena-Nankana West District of the Upper East Region.
His body was flown into the Region via a military chopper on Wednesday June 19, 2019 ahead of the final burial today.
The Chairman of the Council of Elders of the New Patriotic Party (NPP) died on April 25, 2019 at his home in Accra after a short illness.
M. C.K Tedem who is a founding member of the NPP and former Council of State Member died in his sleep at his home in Accra on Thursday night, this portal gathered.
The 94-year-old was among the early political torchbearers from the then Northern Territories.
C. K. Tedam first won election to parliament as an independent candidate in 1954. He was a founding member of the Northern People's Party. He stood and won another election to parliament in 1956 on the ticket of the Northern People's Party, NPP. He also served as a Minister of Local Government during the regime of the Supreme Military Council (Ghana).
C K. Tedam was a member of the Council of State during the regime of John Kufuor.
He is a founding member of the New Patriotic Party. He became the Chairman of the Party's Council of elders during the time the NPP went in Opposition after 2008. As at May 2015 he was the Chairman of the Council.
He was the son of Pagapio Tedam and the brother of Pagapio Awampaga.
Before entering parliament, C.K. Tedam had been a teacher. He, however, comes from a political party. His niece, Catherine Tedam won the by election and represented the Chiana Paga Constituency as an MP during the administration of Kofi Abrefa Busia.
He was married to Winifred Tedam, daughter and sister of Chiefs J.K. Karbo and Abeifa Karbo of Lawra. C. K. Tedam has six children. He is a Catholic and a Kasena by tribe.
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Read 10 Christian Celebrities You Should Know and more breaking Christian news headlines from around the world.
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Sometimes it works – McNair with Daisy's fangs, talking about how she fought, seemed a fitting tribute.
Can you spot the hidden word in these Christmas brain teasers in 30 seconds?
Alumni spoke during Neuroscience Declaration Day, October 10.
The vampire mythology, well, I'm useless at detecting, even if the butler did it I'd never work it out so I'll just go along for the ride.
Mann's hockey stick disappears – and CRU's Briffa helps make the MWP live again by pointing out bias in the data | Watts Up With That?
Wish You Well Baldacci, David ISBN: 0743428900. Pocket Books London, England 2001 Reprint Paperback Paperback, reprint, 232gms, 401 pages.
Harper Collins, Australia, 2003. Edition Unstated Softcover Softcover. Good Condition/. Edition Unstated. A story of two women and the choices they make.
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i thought most of the roof wieght gets transfered to the outside walls so regardless of how beefy it is up top, you've gotta have good walls and a good foundation. i have a structural engineer look over my questionable projects. for about 300 bucks he will certify wether or not the building can handle natural slate. i haven't had one yet that i couldn't slate but homes here are built for concrete tile and walls are cbs not stick framed. anyway, it's nice to have someone look it over and give you absolute peace of mind. we under estimate what wood framing can handle all the time.however, if it's a newer structure in the US i would have a lot of concerns. most of the newer homes need to be knocked down because of poor building practices and cheap materials. i would not slate a pulte home or similar no matter what anyone says. if your builder built a whole sub, that's a clear red flag that they are temporary homes. if the stuff you can see is falling apart, imagine what they did in places you can't see. i hope you have a quality home and i hope you end up choosing a beautiful slate roof. please try to spread your mentality as much as possible.
If you want a way to calculate some of this, I would suggest getting the Slate Roof Bible.
This book has most the info on rafter side and boards for a slate roof system.
You can order it to the tool bar to the left, scroll down.
First off, if you are able to provide some pictures to posted, of the inside frameing and out side conditions, this would help all of us here. A few other things are how old is the house, pitch, what is the foundation, wall construction and rafter size to name a few. Most likely like Chris said the weigth is insignificant overall and there may be little you need to do.
A few thing I have done is added triangle gussets, at the rigde with plywood (Alot of older roofs in my area do not have rigde rafters.). We have added collor ties with 45dr brace. We have had to rebuild the rafter system to provide the correct nailer for a slate roof. We would try to use 1" rough cut for decking, rather then plywood.
the live loads (wind, snow, rain etc)is usually the heaviest of forces the roof encounters.
the actual roof covering be that of slates(standard), or asphalt shingles is really quite insignificant, weight wise, in the whole scheme of things.
as far as the roof deck goes, i guess 3/4 plywood is just about the bare minimum you could get away with.
Hello all. I am wanting to purchase a home and eventually put a slate roof on it. All of the homes in my area were built to take the weight of an asphalt roof, it seems. My question is : what do I have to do to a simple design wood frame structure to have it capable of holding the weight of a slate roof. Do I have to modify the wall framing, the foundation, etc.? I know I will have to modify the roof framing but how, generally speaking? Im figuring there are some calculations / formulas regarding board size, spacing, etc.? Any help on this would be greatly appreciated.


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text:
Le Gorbio est un petit fleuve côtier français du département des Alpes-Maritimes, en région Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, qui se jette en mer Méditerranée, près de la frontière italienne, entre Roquebrune-Cap-Martin et Menton.

Géographie

De , le Gorbio prend sa source sur la commune de Peille, à  au sud de la Cime de Baudon () et au nord du col de la Madone de Gorbio.

Il coule globalement du nord-ouest vers le sud-est, s'appelle ravin du Roy au nord de Gorbio et passe sous l'autoroute A8 dite la Provençale. Sur la partie terminale, il est couvert sur les six-cents derniers mètres depuis le croisement de l'avenue Antoine Péglion et le sentier du Moulin sur Roquebrune-Cap-Martin. Les routes pour remonter le val de Gorbio sont : l'avenue Florette et la route du Val de Gorbio sur Menton, ou l'avenue Jean-Monnet et la rue Antoine Péglion, qui rejoint finalement la route du val de Gorbio près d'un moulin.

Il a son embouchure avec la mer Méditerranée entre les deux communes de Roquebrune-Cap-Martin et Menton, à .

Communes et cantons traversés

Dans le seul département des Alpes-Maritimes, le Gorbio traverse les quatre communes, dans deux cantons, dans le sens amont vers aval, de Peille (source),  Gorbio, Roquebrune-Cap-Martin et Menton (embouchure).

Soit en termes de cantons, le Gorbio prend source dans le canton de L'Escarène, conflue dans le canton de Menton-Ouest, le tout dans l'arrondissement de Nice, et dans les intercommunalités de communauté de communes du Pays des Paillons et communauté d'agglomération de la Riviera française.

Toponyme
Le Gorbio a donné son hydronyme à la commune de Gorbio.

Bassin versant
La superficie du bassin versant  (Y653) est de .

Les cours d'eau voisins sont au nord-ouest, au nord et au nord-est la Bévéra (affluent du fleuve côtier la Roya), le Borrigo et le Careï à l'est, la Mer Méditerranée au sud-est, sud et sud-ouest, le Paillon à l'ouest.

Organisme gestionnaire

L'organisme gestionnaire est le SMIAGE ou Syndicat Mixte Inondations, Aménagements et Gestion de l'Eau maralpin, créé en le , et s'occupe désormais de la gestion des bassins versants côtiers des Alpes-Maritimes, en particulier de celui du fleuve le Var. Celui-ci .

Le SIECL ou Syndicat Intercommunal des Eaux des Corniches et du Littoral, s'occupe de la production et de la distribution d'eau potable -exclusivement, donc sans collecte et traitement des eaux usées -.

Affluents
Le Gorbio n'a pas d'affluent référencé au SANDRE :

Géoportail rajoute :
 le ravin du Rank (rg), sur Peille et Gorbio avec la source de Romin cinquante mètres au sud.
 le vallon du Calf (rg), sur Gorbio et prenant source à la Cime des Cabanelles ().
 la Vignasse (rd) sur Gorbio.
 le Pian (rd) sur Gorbio.
 deux petits ru (rg), près du lieu-dit le Cannet et donc passant sous la rue Antoine Péglion sur Roquebrune-Cap-Martin.

Rang de Strahler
Le rang de Strahler du Gorbio est donc de deux.

Hydrologie
Son régime hydrologique est dit pluvial méridional.

Climat des Alpes-Maritimes

Aménagements et écologie
L'hiver 2013-2014 a été très pluvieux et de nombreux éboulements ont bloqué les routes d'accès de l'arrière-pays.

Oliviers et moulins
On voit encore la trace de moulins sur son cours, car la vallée a permis l'installation de treize moulins à huile.

Écologie
La vallée est propice aux bambous, et les terrasses, limitant l'érosion, sont encore avec des arbres fruitiers : oliviers, citronniers et orangers.

Voir aussi

 la liste des rivières de France
 la liste des cours d'eau des Alpes-Maritimes
 le Careï
 le Borrigo
 le Fossan

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Cours d'eau dans les Alpes-Maritimes
Fleuve côtier en Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


GameInLife released a new Casual game Voxel 3D Color by Number on Google Play store. It will revive your memories of playing the coloring games and this time on your computer. The coloring is loved by people from all the ages out there and with Voxel 3D Color by Number, you can enhance your coloring experience now. Moreover, you will not only be coloring but will make 3D masterpieces after coloring the pages. As soon as you color the page with your choice mold them in the 3D model with different angles and sizes.
So, with Voxel 3D Color by Number, you will enhance the coloring experience by coloring on 3D surfaces. All your activity will be recorded and once you are done you can watch the video in time lapse that will be auto-generated. Once you have created a masterpiece you can share both the 3D model and the time-lapse video. There are a lot of 3D templates that you can choose from and start coloring in them. Moreover, there are some numbers on the 3D model for your guidance, follow them and start coloring. As there are different dimensions in the 3D model, rotate the model and make sure that you colored in every region.
It is one of the best game you can play while you are bored or are going through stress. As you finish coloring up the models and unlock new achievements you will feel accomplished and motivated. Moreover, it is also good to play with your infants and younger children. It helps the children with their coloring skills and improves them by teaching them several skills. Furthermore, the things you will be coloring are mostly real-world objects, so it will literally improve the skills that you can try on real objects as well.
Voxel 3D Color by Number is available for iOS and Android on App Store and Google Play Store but now you can also use it on your PC. Follow the Below simple and detailed steps on how to download and install Voxel 3D Color by Number for PC.
The following guide will guide you through the steps of installing Voxel 3D Color by Number for PC so install it on Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows 10 and the latest versions of Mac OS X. Before we begin downloading Voxel 3D Color by Number for PC you need to have one of the Android Emulators installed on your computer. But if you don't have an Android Emulator installed, then you don't have to worry as you can download and install it by following any one of the four guides below.
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Type "Voxel 3D Color by Number " in the search bar to start finding the application and press enter.
Once you have found the Voxel 3D Color by Number application click on it and start downloading it.
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Finally, Follow the on-screen instructions to start using Voxel 3D Color by Number on PC.


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text:
Wrong Type Of Help From Parents Could Worsen Child's Obsessive-compulsive Disorder
ScienceDaily (June 17, 2009) — For most parents, soothing a child's anxiety is just part of the job. But for a parent whose child has obsessive-compulsive disorder, soothing anxiety and helping with behaviors linked to the disease could lead to more severe symptoms, University of Florida researchers say.
Often, parents of children with OCD will help their children complete rituals related to their obsessions and compulsions, such as excessive bathing or checking things like door locks, according to findings recently published in the Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. These accommodations can be anything that makes the symptoms of OCD less impairing, from reassuring a child that his hands are clean and his baby brother is OK to even doing his homework for him or buying objects that make the child feel safe.
"Parents do that because that is what a parent whose child doesn't have OCD would do," said Lisa Merlo, Ph.D., a UF assistant professor of psychiatry and the lead author of the study. "If your child is upset, you try to comfort them. But what we know is, for patients with OCD, if they get an accommodation, that reinforces the OCD to them.
"It's validating the OCD in the kid's mind, and that's what you don't want to do."
About one in 200 children and teenagers in the United States have OCD, according to the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry.
The study included 49 children between 6 and 18 with OCD and their families who came to UF for a type of treatment called cognitive-behavioral therapy. This form of therapy involves exposing children to their fears and teaching them better ways to respond and cope. During the sessions, therapists teach parents how they should deal with their child's OCD, too.
Prior to the start of the 14-session therapy, the researchers gauged how severe each child's condition was and compared it to how many accommodating behaviors parents reported. They found that the more severe the child's OCD, the more the child's family seemed to accommodate OCD behaviors.
"You would think if parents are helping, the kids would be less impaired," Merlo said. "But what we are seeing is that it snowballs and makes it worse and worse."
After the treatment, researchers noticed a significant decrease in how often families were assisting children with OCD behaviors and rituals. Children whose families had the biggest decrease in these accommodations also had the biggest improvement in their OCD symptoms, Merlo said.
What researchers don't yet know is if a family's "help" causes a child's OCD to worsen or if the severity of the disease causes parents to try to do more to help their children.
Some children, including many who come to UF's clinic, have symptoms so severe it prevents them from playing with friends or even going to school, Merlo said. In these instances, parents often feel they have to do whatever they can to help their children function, from doing their homework for them to buying specific items they feel like they need.
"If a kid is struggling a lot, parents feel like they have to do a lot to get through the day," Merlo said. "But if the child is not experiencing the natural consequences of the OCD symptoms, then they don't have any motivation to stop."
This phenomenon isn't exclusive to children and parents, said Jonathan S. Abramowitz, Ph.D., an associate professor and associate chairman of psychology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
"We see it with adults' spouses and partners, too. In trying to be helpful to the person with OCD, they end up making the problem worse."
Although therapists have noticed this phenomenon anecdotally, there has so far been little research evidence to prove it. UF's study will help therapists and scientists address the problem, he said.
"It is very nice to have research data to back up these clinical observations," he said.


BSP chief Mayawati today claimed the Centre's plan to bring a bill to grant constitutional status to the OBC Commission in the Parliament was just an effort to "cheat" weaker sections ahead of upcoming polls.
The BJP, which has tried to deprive backward sections like the Dalits and the Tribals of their rights, is now trying to bring a bill granting constitutional status to the backward commission to lure weaker sections, Mayawati said in a party release here.
"The BJP wants to cheat these sections on election eve and is therefore bringing the bill in the Parliament. This is nothing but part of their poll strategy," she said claiming the saffron party had always been "anti-backward and anti-reservation".
"Now when the Lok Sabha as well as Assembly elections in Chattisgarh, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh are drawing near, the BJP government is bringing this bill so as to take some votes of these sections," she claimed.
Announcement of new railway lines - a populist move?


We follow the same schedule Monday through Saturdays. Campers participate in three "sign-up" activities in the morning and two activities in the afternoon. Free times offer girls the opportunity to write a letter home, play games outside, take a shower, or simply relax before the next fun activity. In the evenings the entire camp is engaged in a huge all-camp activity run by our Program Director, like Open Waterfront, Capture the Flag, Carnival, or Lip Sync Night.
On Sundays girls sleep in and then enjoy fresh homemade cinnamon rolls for breakfast. Morning activities involve a variety of hobbies taught by the oldest girls in camp. After lunch girls enjoy a long rest hour before engaging in an active afternoon of light-hearted tournaments and team events. A big BBQ buffet dinner is held outside on the deck of the Dining Hall overlooking Steamboat Lake. Afterwards, the day is capped off with a joyful and meaningful night of singing around a bonfire at the Campfire Circle.


So far no blooms or leafs. What do I need to do?
Patience!! You have time to return. Plants go into a bit of a shock when transplanted. They need time, no fertilizer yet, Lots of sun, & follow watering guide. If u break off tip of branch & it snaps & is dry inside, that part is dead. If it bends and seems moist inside it is still viable, and will grow. I, like you get overly excited every time I put in a new plant, & have been an avid gardener for many years. Every couple days I go out & inspect to see what is beginning to bud! lol Patience, friend, patience.
Fresh soil, fertilizer, rose food, sunlight and water – not too wet or too dry. That's all I know. U don't see a single tiny bud? The leaves will come.


The field of management studies sees its major aspirants in Mumbai. This metropolitan city is believed to be having one of the best B-Schools of the country. People not only from other cities in Maharashtra but from all over India come to study here. The facilities and amenities provided to the students by these colleges are commendable.
Many colleges provide boarding and lodging facilities. After the course gets completed, these colleges offer excellent placement opportunities to the students. Internships and summer training are an important part of the curriculum and the faculties provide enough knowledge and training to the students so that they qualify successfully in all campus recruitments and eventually get placed in India's leading organizations.


text:
DT Global's Governance practice works with governments and civil society to build capacity, strengthen the rule of law, protect civil rights, and prevent conflict.
Strong democratic norms, bolstered by human rights protections and effective governance, are a cornerstone of sustainable development. DT Global's Governance practice works with government institutions and civil society to enhance institutional systems, strengthen justice and the rule of law, help protect citizen rights, monitor elections, prevent conflict, and champion democratic governance. By enabling governments to better engage in participatory processes with their communities, we enhance government responsiveness, transparency, and accountability. Our interventions allow local communities and governments to achieve durable peace, ensure access to justice, and strengthen human rights protections in the aftermath of conflict. By providing the expertise and training to strengthen government institutions, reform systems, and support transparency and accountability, we build consensus and capacity for lasting change.
We establish lasting relationships with communities, governments, and civil society to build and strengthen sustainable, equitable, and representative governance.
Effective Governance
DT Global works with communities and governments at the national and sub-national levels to improve democratic governance. We provide technical assistance and training to strengthen governance systems, reform and modernize institutions, and identify and implement strategic reforms. Our dedicated specialists support public administration reform, results-based management, organizational development for institutions, and civil service reform—helping governments to become more responsive and accountable to their constituencies.
DT Global supports rule of law initiatives that build the capacity of the justice sector to provide equitable access to justice. We enable governments and civil society to protect human rights and ensure equal application of the law. We help to combat public sector corruption, train law enforcement and security sector officials, strengthen court administration, build correction services capacity, train attorneys, and enhance public accountability through advocacy and enforcement. Our global experts help our partners by supporting the improvement of the functioning of legislative and advisory bodies, improving efficiency of the justice and penal systems, and promoting independent and economically viable media sources and a culture of freedom of expression. Our programs support the most vulnerable members of society—including women, children, people with disabilities, and minority groups—and work towards universal access to legal protection.
Government Reform
DT Global combines international best practices with tailored approaches to strengthening local governance, decentralization, administrative reform, and service delivery. We help governments design and implement participatory strategies for political, administrative, and fiscal decentralization, and assist in building the political will for authority transfer. Our work ranges from conducting local and regional pilot projects to supporting national decentralization strategy roll-out and providing strategic communications support. Our programs streamline the administration of social protection systems, licensing, registrations, and civil registry services. By introducing e-government services and citizen service centers as one-stop-shops, we work with governments to enhance key municipal service provision.
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DT Global provides technical advisory services to our partners around the globe to help reform regulatory systems, strengthen the public administration, and modernize the financial sector by establishing and enforcing critical market-supporting institutions. To ensure that these policies are successfully implemented and enforced, our PFM teams provide an array of capacity building and technical assistance services to government institutions—economy and finance ministries, treasury offices, tax and auditing departments, national statistics institutes, and regulation and cadastre offices. This includes assistance in financial management processes and systems, procurement, budgeting, revenue collection, expenditure control, and auditing. We also support institutional strengthening and training, provide administrative reform in fiscal policy and debt management, support financial systems and capital markets, deliver Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) assessments, and offer assistance in macroeconomic policy.
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